Natural History Museum Library 7T. I o -?& 300015262 INDEX TO THE REPORTS AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE FROM 1861 TO 1890 INCLUSIVE. LONDON : JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 1893. Office of the Association : Burlington House , London . A NOTICE. -^O*— The General Index to the Reports from 1861 to 1890 consists of one part only, and thus differs in an important manner from the Index to the first thirty volumes, which is composed of six separate divisions. As in the previous Index, all the members of a committee have been quoted as authors of the report of that committee. Errors which have been detected in the titles of papers or in the names of authors have been corrected in the Index. The authors of these papers have been communicated with in all cases where it has been possible. The references to reports and papers printed in extenso are given in italics, while the more numerous references to abstracts, or to titles only of papers, are in Roman characters. An asterisk * indicates that the title only of the paper is given. The mark t also indicates that the title only is given, but with a reference to the journal or newspaper in which the paper is printed, generally, in extenso. Initials or names placed within square brackets [ ] indicate a change in the author’s title. G. G. INDEX TO THE REPORTS AND TRANSACTIONS, FROM 1861 TO 1890 INCLUSIVE. - +o* - Preliminary Index. Objects and Rules of the Association : — 1861-1877, xvii ; 1878-1880, xxi ; 1881, xxv ; 1882-1883, xxi ; 1884, xxiii ; 1885-1886, xxvii ; 1887, xxxi; 1888, xxvi ; 1889, xxvii ; 1890, xxiv Places and Times of Meeting , with Pre¬ sidents ', Vice-Presidents , and Local Secretaries, from the Commencement : — 1861-1870, xx ; 1871-1877, xxiv ; 1878-1880, xxviii ; 1881,xxxii; 1882- 1883,xxviii; 1884,xxxii; 1885,xxxvi; 1886, xxxv ; 1887, xli ; 1888, xxxvi ; 1889, xxxviii ; 1890, xxxi v Presidents and Secretaries of the Sections of the Association from the Commence¬ ment : — 1867-1869, xxv; 1870, xxvi; 1871 — 1877, xxx ; 1878-1880, xxxv ; 1881, xxxix ; 1882-1883, xxxv ; 1884, xxxix ; 1885-1886, xliii ; 1887, xlix ; 1888, xliv ; 1889, xlvii ; 1890, xliii List of Evening Discourses : — 1869, xxxiv; 1870, xxxv; 1871, xxxix; 1872-1875, xl ; 1876-1877, xli; 1878. xlvii ; 1879-1880, xlviii ; 1881, lii ; 1882, xlviii; 1883, xlix; 1884, liii ; 1885-1886, lvii ; 1887, lxiv ; 1888, lix ; 1889, lxiii ; 1890, lx List of Lecturesto the Operative Classes: — 1869, xxxvi; 1870, xxxvii ; 1871, xli; 1872-1875, xlii ; 1876-1877, xliii ; 1878, xlix; 1879-1880,1; 1881, liv ; 1882-1883, li ; 1884, lv ; 1885-1886, lx ; 1887, lxvi ; 1888, lxii ; 1889, lxvi ; 1890, lxiii Officers of Sectional Committees : — Manchester, 1861, xxix Cambridge, 1862, xxix Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1863, xxix Bath, 1864, xxix Birmingham, 1865, xxxi Nottingham, 1866, xxxi Dundee, 1867, xxxvii Norwich, 1868, xxxvii Exeter, 1869, xli Liverpool, 1870, xlii Edinburgh, 1871, xlvi Brighton, 1872, xlvi Bradford, 1873, xlvi Belfast, 1874, xlvi Bristol, 1875, xlvi Glasgow, 1816^ xlvii Plymouth, 1877, xlvii Dublin, 1878, liii Sheffield, 1879, li Swansea, 1880, li York, 1881, liv Southampton, 1882, lii Southport, 1883, lii Montreal, 1884, lvii Aberdeen, 1885, lxi Birmingham, 1886, lxi Manchester, 1887, lxviii Bath, 1888, lxiii Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1889, lxvii Leeds, 1890, lxiv Treasurer' s Accounts : — 1861-1864, xxiv ; 1865-1866, xxv ; 1867-1868, xxxv ; 1869-1870, xl ; 1871, xliv; 1872-1875, xliii; 1876- 1877, xlvi ; 1878, lii ; 1879-1880, liii ; 1881, lvii; 1882-1883, lvi ; 1884, lix ; VI PRELIMINARY INDEX. Treasurer's Accounts (continued) : — 1885, lxiii ; 1886, lxxxiii ; 1887, lxx ; 1888, lxvi ; 1889, lxx; 1890, lxvi Attendance and Receipts at' Annual Meetings : — 1869-1870, xxxviii ; 1871, xlii; 1872- 1877, xliv ; 1878,1; 1879-1880, liv ; 1881, lviii ; 1882-1883, liv ; 1884, lix ; 1885-1886, lxiv ; 1887, lxxii ; 1888, lxviii ; 1889, lxxii ; 1890, lxviii Officers and Council of the Association: — 1861-1864, xxviii ; 1865-1866, xxx ; 1867-1868, xxxvi ; 1869, xxxvii ; 1870, xli; 1871, xlv; 1872-1875, xlvii ; 1876-1877, xlviii; 1878, lv ; 1879- 1880, lvi ; 1881, lx ; 1882-1883, lvii; 1884, lxii ; 1885-1886, lxvi; 1887, lxxiv; 1888, lxv ; 1889, lxix ; 1890, lxx Reports of the Council to the General Committee : — 1861-1864, xxxi ; 1865-1866, xxxiii ; 1867, xxxix ; 1868, xxxviii ; 1869, xlii; 1870, xliii; 1871. xlvii; 1872- 1875, xlviii ; 1876-1877, xlix ; 1878- 1880, lvii ; 1881, lxi ; 1882-1883, lviii ; 1884, lxiii ; 1885-1886, lxvii ; 1887, lxxv; 1888, lxx; 1889, lxxiv; 1890, lxxi Recommendations adopted by the General Committee : — 1861-1863, xxxix ; 1864, xlviii ; 1865, xl ; 1866, xli ; 1867, lxi; 1868, xlv; 1869, lxxv; 1870, lviii; 1871, lxix; 1872-1873, liii ; 1874, li ; 1875, lii ; 1876, li; 1877, li ; 1878, lviii; 1879, lxix; 1880, lx; 1881, lxiii; 1882, lx; 1883, lxi; 1884, lxix; 1885, lxxi; 1886, lxx ; 1887, lxxvii ; 1888, lxxiii ; 1889, lxxii ; 1890, lxxix Synopsis of Grants of Money appropriated to Scientific Purposes at each Annual Meeting : — 1861-1863, xliii; 1864, lii; 1865, xliv; 1866, xlv ; 1867, lxvi ; 1868,1; 1869, lxxx ; 1870, lxiii; 1871, lxxiv; 1872, lix; 1873, lx ; 1874, lvi; 1875, lviii ; 1876-1877, lvii; 1878, lxiv; 1879, lxxv ; 1880, lxvi ; 1881, lxx ; 1882, lxvi ; 1883, lxviii ; 1884, lxxvi ; 1885- 1886, lxxix; 1887,lxxxvi; 1888,lxxxii; 1889, lxxxvi ; 1890, lxxxviii General Statement of Sums paid for Scientific Purposes from the Commence¬ ment : — 1861-1863, xlv ; 1864, liv ; 1865, xlv ; 1866, xlvi ; 1867, lxvii; 1868, li; 1869, Ixxxi ; 1870, lxv ; 1871, lxxvi; 1872, lxi; 1873, lxii; 1874, lviii; 1875, lx; General Statement of Sums paid for Scientific Purposes from the Commence¬ ment (continued) : — 1876-1877, lix ; 1878, lxvi ; 1879, lxxvii; 1880, lxviii; 1881, lxxii; 1882, lxviii; 1883, lxx ; 1884, lxxviii ; 1885- 1886, Ixxxi; 1887, lxxxviii; 1888, lxxxiv ; 1889, lxxxviii; 1890, xc Extracts from Resolutions of the Gene¬ ral Committee ( concerning Money Grants') : — 1861-1862, xlix; 1863, 1; 1864, lix; 1865, 1 ; 1866, li ; 1867, lxxii ; 1868, lvii ; 1869, lxxxvii ; 1870, lxxi ; 1871- 1890, see ‘ Objects and Rides' General Meetings : — 1861-1863, 1; 1864, lix; 1865, 1; 1866, lii; 1867, lxxiii; 1868, lvii; 1869, lxxxvii ; 1870, lxxii ; 1871, lxxxiii; 1872, lxviii; 1873, lxix; 1874, lxv; 1875-1877, lxvii; 1878, lxxv; 1879, lxxxvi; 1880, lxxvii; 1881, lxxxii ; 1882, lxxviii ; 1883, lxxx ; 1884, lxxxviii; 1885-1886. xcii ; 1887, c ; 1888, xevi ; 1889, c ; 1890, ciii Reports of the Kem Committee : — 1861, xxxiii ; 1862, xxxii ; 1863-1864, xxxi ; 1865-1866, xxxiii ; 1867, liv ; 1868, xxxix; 1869, xliv; 1870, xlv; 1871, 1 Reports of the Parliamentary Com¬ mittee : — 1861-1862, xxxix ; 1863, xxxviii ; 1864, xlvii ; 1865, xxxix ; 1866, xl ; 1867, lx Report of the Committee of Council on Scientific Education in Schools : — 1867, xxxix Corresponding Mem bers : — 1861-1864, xxx ; 1865-1866, xxxii ; 1867, xxxviii ; 1868-1890, in the List of Members at the end of the volume Members of Council from the Commence¬ ment : — 1861-1864, xxv ; 1865-1866, xxvi Presidential Addresses : — 31sf Meeting (Manchester), by Wm, Fairbairn, LL.D., C.E., F.R.S., 1861, li 32 nd Meeting (Cambridge), bv the Rev. R. Willis, M.A., F.R.S., 1862, li 33r^4/c the structure of, Prof. G. Rolleston on, 1880, 623 * - round, the structure of, Prof. G. Rolleston on, 1880, 623 Barry (J. W.) on the treatment and utilisation of sewage, 1876, 225 - - on the Barry docks, 1888, 795 Barry (T. D.) on the utilisation of town sewage, 1869, 209 Barry docks, J. W. Barry on the, 1888, 795 ‘^Bartholomew (J. G.) on North-west Australia, 1885, 1132 Bartlett (A.D.) on the habits of the Aye- Aye living in the gardens of the Zoological Society of London, 1862, 103 * - on the crested or top-knotted turkey, 1868, 80 * - - (J. H.) on heating buildings by steam from a central source, 1884, 891 "Bartley (G. C. T.) on the poor-law and its effect on thrift, 1873, 185 — on thrift as an element of national strength, 1877, 162 Baryta, sulphate of, analysis of a deposit from a colliery water containing, by Thomas Richardson, 1863, 54 Basalt, columnar form of, W. C. Roberts on the, 1874, 91 - apparently7 overlying Post-glacial beds, co. Antrim, W. J. Knowles on, 1883, 497 - of Rowley Regis, C. Beale on the, 1886, 665 Basalts, Prof. J. Thomson on the origin of the jointed prismatic structure in, and other igneous rocks, 1863, 89 Bases and acids present in a solution, Prof. G. "Wiedemann on the proportion in which, combine with each other, 1874, 32 Basevi (Major) on Minicoy Island, 1871, 174 Bashakard in Western Baluchistan, E. A. Floyer on, 1877, 143 Basiiforth (Rev. F.) on capillary' attraction, 1862, 2 * Basic salts, G. J. Stoney on the consti¬ tution of, 1876, 69 "'Basque race, the Rev. W. Webster on certain points concerning the origin and relations of the, 1871, 162 Bass of Inverurie, a fragment of an ancient alluvial bed, Rev. Dr. J. Davidson on the, 1885, 1018 Bassani (Prof. F.), notes of some re¬ searches on the fossil tishes of Chiavon, Vicentino (stratum of Sotzka, Lower Miocene), 1888, 675 Basset (A. B.), waves in a viscous liquid, 1888, 563 - - - on the extension and bending of o cylindrical shells, 1889, 499 * Bassett (A.) on the South Wales mineral basin, 1864, 50 Bassins hydrographiques du Dominion Oriental, note sur quelques, par l’Abbe J. C. Laflamme, 18S4, 81 1 Bastable (C. F.) on the incidence and e ffects of import and export duties, 1S89, 440 GENERAL INDEX. 33 Bastable (C.F.) on progressive taxation, 1890, 918 Bastian (Ur. A.) on the ethnology of Cambodia, 1861, 136 - (Dr. H. C.), a statement in reply to the two objections of Prof. Huxley re¬ lative to certain experiments, 1870, 129 * - on some new experiments relating to the origin of life, 1871, 122 Bastite-serpentine and troktolite in Aberdeenshire, Prof. T. G. Bonney on, 1885, 1016 Batalha-Reis (J.), Portuguese explora¬ tions in Austral Africa during the nineteenth century, 1889, 663 Bate (C. Spence) on a new species of lone, 1863, 98 * - on the homologies of the Trilobites, 1863, 191 - on an ancient Cornish barrow, 1864, 88 ; on a human skull and the bones of animals found with pottery in a kjokkenmodden on the coast of Cornwall, ib. - on the genus Anceus, 1865, 83 - on the marine fauna and flora of the south coast of Devon and Cornwall , 1865, 51; 1867, 275; 1869, 84; 1872, 48 - *an attempt to approximate the date of the flint flakes of Devon and Cornwall, 1866, 50 ; *on the dentition of the common mole (Talpa europcea ), 69 - Address to the Department of Zoology and Botany, 1869, 104 - exploration of some tumuli on Dartmoor, 1872, 175 - - on the present state of our hnowledge of the Crustacea , 1875, 41; 1876, 75; 1877, 36 ; 1878, 193 ; 1880, 230 - on the possibility of establishing a 1 close time ' for the protection of in¬ digenous animals , 1877, 207 ; 1878, 146 ; 1879, 165 ; 1880, 257 - on prehistoric remains on Dartmoor, 1877, 114 - on the Willemoesia group of Crustacea, 1878, 561 - on the marine zoology of Devon and Cornwall , 1879, 165; 1880, 160; 1881, 198 - Archceastacus Willemdesii, a new genus of Eryonidae, 1883, 51 1 - on the geographical distribution of the macrurous Crustacea, 1884, 753 * - - and Prof. Westwood on the geographical distribution of the British genera of the sessile eyed Crustacea, 1868, 89 Bateman (A. E.) on Canadian statistics, 1878, 658 * - on customs tariffs, 1885, 1169 Bateman (A. E.), the statistics of our foreign trade, and what they tell us, 1887^ 848 j- - (D.) on the manufacture of cards fur spinning purposes, 1873, 210 - (J.) on erosion of the coasts of the estuary of the Colne , 1886, 851 - (J. F.), Address to the Mechanical Section, 1861, 250; on street pipe arrangements for extinguishing fires, 255 - - report on technical and scientific evidence in courts of law , 1862, 373 ; 1866, 456 - report on tidal observations made on the llumber and rivers Trent and Ouse , 1862, 101 ; 1863, 129 - - on the ra, inf all in the British Isles, 1866, 281; 1867,448 ; 1868,432; 1869, 383; 1870, 170; 1871, 98; 1872, 176; 1873, 25 7; 1874, 75; 1875, 91; 1876, 172 - on harmonic analysis of tidal ob¬ servations, 1868, 489; 1870, 120 - on claims for reward for inventions adopted by Government , 1872, 243 - and J. J. Revy on a proposed cast- iron tube for carrying a railway across the Channel between the coasts of England and France, 1869, 206 Bates (H. W.) on the delta of the Amazons, 1864, 137 - on the exploration of New Guinea, 1885, 690 ; on the scientific examination of the country in the vicinity of Mount Roraima, in Guiana, ib. - — — on the depth of the permanently frozen soil in the Polar regions, 1886, 271 ; 1887, 152; on the combination of the Ordnance and Admiralty surveys and the production of a bathy-hypso - graphical map of the British Isse-s 1886, 277 ; 1887, 160 - on the geography and geology of the- Atlas ranges in the Empire of Morocco, 1889, 165* - on the nomad tribes of Asia Minor and Northern Persia, 1890, 535 ^Bateson (S.) on an improved feed water heater for locomotive and other boilers, 1861, 269 * - (W.) on the presence in the En- teropneusta of a structure comparable with the notochord of the Chordata, 1884, 7S2 Bath, Rev. L. Jenyns on the temperature and rainfall at, 1864, 17 - Dr. Daubeny on the thermal waters of, 1864, 26 - J. E. Daniel on the Mollusca of, . 1864, 93 - R. T. Gore on the mortality of the city of, 1864, 167 - spring called King's Bath, Prof l D 34 GENERAL INDEX. A. W. Williamson on the composition of the gases evolved by the , 1805, 381 Bath waters, Prof. Roscoe on the exist¬ ence of lithium, strontium, and copper in the, 1864, 41 * - the vital and commercial statistics of, F. Norfolk on, 1888, 780 Bathometer, C. W. Siemens on a, 1861, 73 *. - - description of the, by Dr. C. W. Siemens, 1876, 31 *Baths and washhouses, J. Parry on, 1870, 197 Bathy-hypsographical maps, E. G. Raven- stein on, with special reference to a combination of the Ordnance and Admiralty surveys, 1885, 1140 - map of the British Isles , report on the combination of the Ordnance and Admiralty surveys , and the production of a, 1886, 277 ; 1887, 160 fBathy-orographical map of Scotland, Dr. H. R. Mill on a, 1887, 804 Bats, Prof, van Beneden sur les chauves- souris de l’epoque du mammouth et de l’epoque actuelle, 1871, 135 Batten (J. H.) on the cultivation of tea in the British Himalayan provinces of Kumaon and Gurhw&l, 1877, 163 Battery, a constant, F. H. Varley on, 1870, 26 - constant galvanic, Latimer Clark on a new form of, 1871, 47 - Faure’s, C. Becker on, 1870, 24 - secondary, K. Hedges on a new form of, 1887, 882 - Byrne’s compound plate pneumatic, W. Ladd on, 1878, 448 - See 1 Electrolysis,’ ‘ Electricity,’ &c. * Bauer (Dr.) on the action of chlorine on amylene, 1866, 33 Bauerman (H.) on ice as an agent of geologic change , 1869, 1 7 1 - on claims for reward for inventions adopted by Government , 1872, 243 - on the volcanic phenomena of Vesu¬ vius and its neighbourhood , 1885, 395 ; 1886,226; 1887,226; 1888,320; 1889, 283; 1890, 397 Baumhauer (Prof, von) on the applica¬ tion of the diamond to mineralogical and chemical analysis, 1882, 489 Baxendell (Joseph) on Mr. Chrimes's rain-gauge experiments , 1866, 2S4 - on science-lectures and organisation , 1873, 507 Baxter (R. Dudley) on national debts, 1870, 187 - on a uniformity of plan for the census of the United Kingdom, 1871, 57 Baynes (R. E.) on the desirability of introducing a uniform nomenclature for the fundamental units of mechanics, 1888, 27 Bazalgette (J. V.) on the difficulty of obtaining local information after reach¬ ing the summits of eminences from which extensive views are obtained, 1867, 152 - on a uniformity of weights and mea¬ sures, 1868. 484 ; 1869,308; 1870,232; 1871, 198; 1872, 25 Bazley (Thomas), a glance at the cotton trade, 1861, 206 Beach, raised, Prof. E. Hull on the, of the north-east of Ireland, 1872, 113 - ancient sea-, near Bridlington Quay, report on, 1888, 328; 1889, 70; 1890, 375 Beaches, W. Pengelly on raised, 1866, 66 - of Portland, the modern and ancient, W. Pengelly on, 1870, 84 Beacons and buoys, T. Stevenson on the illumination of, by electricitjq 1867, 14 *Beal (Rev. Prof.), exhibition and de¬ scription of a soapstone image from Pekin, 1877, 115 - (C.) on the basalt of Rowley Regis, 1886, 665 Beale (Prof. L. S.) on the structure and growth of the elementary parts (cells) of living beings, 1861, 164 - an attempt to show that every living structure consists of matter which is the seat of vital actions, and matter in which physical and chemical changes alone take place, 1862, 122 * - on life, 1865, 101 Beams, strains in the interior of, G. B. Airy on the, 1862, 82 - the resistance of, when strained beyond the elastic limit, W. R. Browne on, 1883, 648 Bean, the nitrogenous nutrition of the, Dr. S. H. Vines on, 1887, 741 *Beardmore (E.), anthropological notes collected at Mowat, Daudai, New Guinea, 1889, 786 *Beaugrand (H.), remarks on a curious album of maps illustrative of the his¬ tory of Montreal, 1886, 731 *Beauly basin, the geographical features of the, J. Y. Buchanan on, 1885, 1138 * Beaumont (Major) on the Sub-Wealden exploration, 1876, 87; *on the removal of subaqueous rocks by the diamond rock-borer, 1876, 219 - - (Commr. L. A.) on Arctic research, 1879, 451 - (W. W.) on a new system of me¬ chanism for imparting and recording variable velocity, 1886, 818 - the efficiency of steam at high pres¬ sures and the Carnot theorem, 1888, 820 - and C. H. W. Biggs, secondary batteries and the economical genera¬ tion of steam for electrical purposes, loS3, 652 GENERAL INDEX. 35 Beauty, physical, F. T. Mott on the scientific value of, 1870, 134 * - F. T. Mott on the theory of the scientific value of, in relation to the doctrines of Mr. Darwin and Mr. Galton, 1872, 137 Beavan (Capt. R.) on the country be¬ tween Kandahar and Girishk, 1879, 445 Bebeerine , report on the chemistry of ', 1878, 105; 1879, 133 *Bechuanaland, Capt. Conder on, 1886, 736 t - and the Land of Ophir, Rev. J. Mackenzie on, 1888, 745 Beck (Richard), observations on the spinnerets of spiders, 1864, 88 - (Mr.) on the determination of a gavye for the manufacture of various small screws , 1882, 31 1; 1883, 318; 1884, 287 Becker (C.) on Faure’s battery, 1870, 24 - (Miss Lydia E.) on some sup¬ posed differences in the minds of men and women with regard to educational necessities, 1868, 155 - - - on alteration in the structure of Lychnis diurna, observed in connection with the development of a parasitic fungus, 1869, 106 - on some maxims of political eco¬ nomy as applied to the employment of women and the education of girls, 1871, 201 - statistics regarding the attendance and education of girls in the elemen¬ tary schools of Manchester, 1872, 220 - on some practical difficulties in working the Elementary Education Act (1870), 1874, 192 - on the manner in which rudimentary science should be taught , and how examinations should be held therein , in elementary schools , 1881, 148 - on the workings of the proposed revised New Code , and of other legis¬ lation affecting the teaching of science in elementary schools , 1882, 307 ; 1883, 309 - on the teaching of science in ele¬ mentary schools, 1884, 283 ; 1885, 692 ; 1886, 278; 1887, 163; 1888, 164; 1889, 131 ; 1890, 489 Beckett (G. H.)and Dr.C. R. A. Wright on the alkaloids of the aconites, 1875, 37 ; on Japanese camphor from pepper¬ mint, 38 Beddard (F. E.), report on the occupa¬ tion of the table at the zoological station at Naples , 1882, 291 - on the bronchial syrinx of the Cucu- lidae and Caprimulgidse, 1885, 1101; contributions to the structure of the Oligochmta, 1102 Beddard (F. E.), note on a point in the structure of Fratercula \ arctica , 1887, 77 1 ; on the development of the ovum in Eudrilus , ib. * - contributions to the anatomy of the Tubificidge, 1888, 723 * - on the caeca of a tinamou, 1889, 616; contributions to our knowledge of the fresh-water annelids, ib. *Beddoe (Dr. J.) on the testimony of local phenomena to the permanence of type, 1864, 89 - on the stature and bulk of the Irish, and on degeneration of race, 1866, 94 - on the anthropology of Lancashire, 1870, 143 ; on the Ottoman Turks, 144 - on the anthropology of the Merse, 1871, 147 ; on degeneration of race in Britain, 148 * - on the preparation of brief forms of instructions for travellers , ethnologists, §c., 1873, 482; 1874, 214 - Address to the Department of Anthropology, 1873, 134 ; on the Iber¬ ians, 140 - on modern ethnological migrations in the British Isles, 1874, 145 - on the ossuary at Rothwell, in Northamptonshire, 1875, 170; on the need of systematic observations on the physical characters of man in Britain, 204 ; on the mortality of adolescence, 205 ; on the death-rates of some health resorts, and specially of Clifton, ib. - on the work of the Anthropometric Committee , 1876, 266 ; 1877, 231 ; 1878, 152; 1879, 175; 1880, 120; 1881, 225 ■ - on the Bulgarians, 1877, 1 1 5 ; notes on the statistics of Victoria (Australia), 163 - on anthropological colour phenomena in Belgium and elsewhere, 1880, 629 — — - on the stature of the inhabitants of Hungary, 1881, 689 - on obtaining photographs of the typical races in the British Isles, 1882, 270 ; on carrying out the recommenda¬ tions of the Anthropometric Committee of 1880, 1882, 278; 1883, 253 - on the facial characteristics of the races and principal crosses in the British Isles, 1883, 306 ; 1884, 294 - the Germanic and Rhsetian elements in Switzerland, 1883, 574 - on the preparation of a new edition of 1 Anthropological Notes and Queries' 1887, 172; 1889, 186; 1890, 547. ■ - on the effects of different occupations and employments on the physical development of the human body, 1888, 100; 1889, 186 - the physique of the Swiss as in¬ fluenced by race and by media, 1888, D 2 36 GENERAL INDEX. 837 ; on human bones discovered by Gen. Pitt-Rivers at Woodcuts, Rother- ley, See., S39 Beddoe (Dr. J.), observations on the natural colour of the skin in certain Oriental races, 1889, 787 ^Bedfordshire, J. F. Walker on a phos- phatic deposit in the Lower Green Sand of, 1866, 45 - J. F. Walker on the Lower Green Sand of, 1866, 67 Bedson (Prof. P. P.) on the method of determining the specific refraction of solids from tlieir solutions, 1881, 155 - on photographing hydrogen and chlorine bulbs by aid of the flash of light which caused their explosion, 1888, 633 - the manufacture of: aluminium from cryolite, 1889, 535 Beech, the ethnological significance of the, Rev. Canon I. Taylor on, 1889, 782 *Beedy (Miss) on reform in the work of the medical profession, 1871, 192 Beer duty, the influences of the, H. Stopes on, 1882, 638 — — testing, Dr. W. Bott on a new and rapid method of, 1887, 660 *Bees and ants, recent observations on the habits and instincts of, by Sir J. Lubbock, 1885, 1056 * - and wasps, solitary, the instincts of, Sir J. Lubbock on, 1888, 706 Bees’ wax and lead chloride, the electrical properties of, Profs. J. Perry and W. E. Aju'ton on, 1878, 497 Begg (A.), the Canadian Pacific Railway, 1886, 727 Beggiatoa alba , Prof. W. Hillhouse on the cultivation of, 1886, 701 *Behieb (Dr.) on the generation of wfliite blood-corpuscles, 1868, 112 Behbexs (J.) on the economic effects of combinations of labourers and capi¬ talists, 1871, 266; 1875, 146 *Beighton (T. D.) on an expiring race on the Bhutan frontier, 1878, 591 Beke (Dr. C. T.) on the mountains form¬ ing the eastern side of the basin of the Nile, and the origin of the designation * Mountains of the Moon ’ as applied to them, 1861, 1 84 ; on a volcanic eruption on the coast of Abyssinia, 1S6 - a journey to Harran in Padan-Aram, and thence over Mount Gilead into the Promised Land, 1862, 141 - on the island of St. John, in the Red Sea (the Ophiodes of Strabo), 1866, 50 ; on the lake Kura of Arabian geogra¬ phers and cartographers, 104; on the possibility of turning the waters of the Nile into the Red Sea, 105 * - on a canal to unite the Upper Nile and Red Sea, 1869, 159 Beke (Dr. C. T.) on the true position and physical characters of Mount Sinai, 1873, 161 Belchee (Adm. Sir E.) on the glacial movements noticed in the vicinity of Mount St. Elias, on the N.W. coast of America, 1861, 186 - on a spirit-level telescope for ob¬ serving altitudes and obtaining lati¬ tudes independently of natural or artificial horizons, 1863, 170; on an improved caisson gate, ib. : on a mode of rendering timber-built ships impregnable and unsinkable under moderate crew-power, as in leaky vessels, 171 - on improvements in the defence of ships of war, 1864, 184 * - on stone implements of Esquimaux, 1866, 94 ; *on the application of the expansive power of moistened veget¬ able matter to the raising of weights, 140 - on methods for testing the speed of vessels over the measured mile, 1867, T r* "> - - - on tidal observations, 1868, 489 ; 1870, 120 * - on stone implements from Rangoon, 1869, 129 ; *on the distribution of heat on the sea-surface throughout the globe, 159; *on a navigable floating dock, 209 - on the unprotected state of Liver¬ pool, 1870, 208 - (R. B.) on disturbance of the weather by artificial influences, espe¬ cially battles, military manoeuvres, great explosions, and conflagrations, 1874, 36 *Belemnites from Luckmanier, exhibi¬ tion of specimens of, by W. W. Watts, 1889, 571 Belfast, Dr. Andrews on the composition of an inflammable gas issuing from below the silt-bed in, 1874, 50 - - harbour, T. It. Salmond on ther 1874, 118 Belgian bone-caves, C. C. Blake on a human jaw from the, 1866, 95 Belgium, the Silurian formations of the centre of, Prof. C. Malaise on, 1870, 7$ - the Devonian system in England and in, G. Dewalque on, 1877, 69 Bell, G. H. Bryan on the pulsations of a rotating, 1890, 743 Bell (Alfred) on some molluscan fauna of the Red Crag, 1868, 59 - fossil Tertiary Polyzoa of the higher zones, and note on the scarcity of Eocene Polyzoa, 1885, 666 - on the 1 manure 5 gravels of Wexford , 1887, 209; 1888, 133; 1889,92; 1890, 410 GENERAL INDEX. 37 Bell (C. N.), remains of prehistoric man in Manitoba, 1886, 845 - (Prof. F. J.) on the echinoderm faunaofthe island of Ceylon, 1885, 1065 - a forgotten species of Peripatus , 1887, 769 ; a note on the relations of helminth parasites to grouse disease, 770 - on the Echinodermata of the Sea of Bengal, 1888, 718 * - (Prof. Graham) on recent experi¬ ments in telephony, 1877, 201 - (H. S.) on the manufacture of cru¬ cible steel, 1879, 293 . - (I. Lowthian), report on the manu¬ facture of iron in connection with the Northumberland and Durham coal¬ field, 1863, 730 - - on the manufacture of aluminium, 1863, 32 ; of thallium, 34 - on the present state of the manufac¬ ture of iron in Great Britain , and its position as compared with that of some other countries , 1867, 34 * — — on a method of recovering sulphur and oxide of manganese used at Dieuze, near Nancy, France, 1867, 31 - - - on the decomposition of carbonic oxide by spongy iron, 1869, 62 - - - on the joint action of carbonic acid and cyanogen on oxide of iron and on metallic iron, 1874, 51 ■*- - - on the occlusion of gaseous matter by fused silicates at high temperatures, and its possible connection with vol¬ canic agencies, 1881, 580 - [Sir I. L.] Address to the Chemical Section, 1889, 521 ; ton blast-furnace practice, 746 . - (Louis) on recent determinations of absolute wave-lengths, 1887, 584 - (Col. M. S.) on the great Central Asian trade route from Peking to Kulja and Semirechensk, and to Yarkand and India, 1889, 660 - (Rev. P.) on reaping-machinerv, 1867, 153 - - on agricultural machinery, 1869, 404 - - (Dr. R.) on the commercial import¬ ance of Hudson's Bay, with remarks on recent surveys and investigations, 1881, 745 - on the forests of Canada, 1884, 856 - (R. G.) on the Pliocene beds of St. Erth, Cornwall, 1887, 718 *Bell and Tainter’s recent researches, some of, and their consequences, VV. Lant Carpenter on, 1881, 531 ^Bellamy (G. D.) on the Plymouth waterworks, 1877, 201 Bellhouse (Edward T.) on the applica¬ tions of the hydraulic press, 1861, 255 ^Bellingham, statistical account of the parish of, by W. H. Charlton, 1863, 153 Bells, the tones of, Lord Rayleigh on, 1889, 491 Belomancy, Miss A. W. Buckland on rhabdomancy and, 1875, 170 Beloochistan, Colonel F. J. Goldsmid on Eastern Persia and, 1866, no - - - and Western Scinde, exploration of, by J. W. Barnes, with a view to ex¬ amining the subterranean supply of water, 1867, 1 1 3 ( see Baluchistan) Bemrose (J.) and Prof. G. P. Girdwood, preliminary notes on a blue-colouring matter found in certain wood under¬ going decomposition in forests, 1884, 689 Benches, R. Brown on the formation of raised, 1868, 134 Beneden (Prof, van) sur les parasites, 1870, hi - - sur les Chauves-souris de Fepoque du mammouth et de l’epoque actuelle, 1871, 135 - sur les Baleines du crag d’Anvers, 1872, 134 Benefit building societies, J. A. Binns on, 1873, 185 Bengal, Sea of, the Echinodermata of the, Prof. F. J. Bell on, 1888, 718 - to Tibet, the trade routes from, Lieut.-Col. T. H. Lewin on, 1879, 432 - - - Major H. H. Godwin- Austen on the Garo hill tribes of, 1872, 1S6 * Ben ham (W. B.) on the kidneys of Gasteropoda and the renal duct of Paludina , 1885, 1103 _ — recent researches on earthworms, 1887, 749 Benier hot-air engine or motor, E. Ver¬ non on the, 1890, 953 Bennett (A. W.) on protandry and pro- togyny in British plants, 1870, in; on the theory of Natural Selection looked at from a mathematical point of view, 130 — - — - on the movements of the glands of Drosera, 1873, 123 - - - on the form of pollen-grains in relation to the fertilisation of flowers, 1874, 133 — — on the classification of Cryptogams, 1880, 599 - on the colours of spring flowers, 1881, 666 ; on the constancy of insects in their visits to flowers, 667 - - on a vegetable organism which separates sulphur, 1884, 785 - the antherozoids of Cryptogams, 1889, 619 ; a hybrid desmid, 620 — — and G. Murray, a reformed system of terminology of the reproductive organs of thallophytes, 1880, 600 - - (Dr. G.) on the habits of the pearly nautilus ( Nautilus pompilius ), 1877, 101 38 GENERAL INDEX. Bennett (Dr. J. Hughes) on the phy¬ siological aspect of the sewerage question, 1864, 1 1 7 ; on Marey’s new sphygmograph, 119 - on the formation of pus, in reference to the doctrine of cell pathology, 1865, 101 ; statistics of pneumonia, 144 - - on protagon in relation to the molecular theory of organisation, 1867, 97 ; on new investigations to determine the amount of bile secreted by the liver, and how far this is influenced by mercurials, 98 - report on the action of mercury on the biliary secretion , 1868, 1S7 *Bennettites, the type of a new group between angiosperms and gymno- sperms, Count Solms-Laubach on, 1S87, 761 Ben Nevis, meteorological observations on, report of the Committee for co-operating with the Scottish Meteorological Society in mailing, 1883, 125; 1884,36; 1885, 90; 1886, 58; 1887, 34; 1888, 49 ; 1889, 315 ; 1890, 174 - the meteorology of, A. Buchan on, 1885, 917 - proposed earthquake observations on, Prof. J. A. Ewing on the measure¬ ment of the movements of the ground with reference to, 1885, 920 - the liygrometry of, H. N. Dickson on, 1887, 594 * - a peculiarity of the cyclonic winds of, R. T. Omond on, 1887, 595 — — - Observatory, the thermal windrose at, A. Rankin on, 1887, 595 Bent (J. T.), insular Greek customs, 1885, 1214; on ancient tombs in the Greek islands, 1217 - - report on the ancient marble com-- merce of Thasos, 1887, 201 - on the prehistoric race in the Grech islands, 1888, 99 • - sun-myths in modern Hellas, 1888, 850 ; discoveries in Asia Minor, S56 - on the nomad tribes of Asia Minor, 1889, 176 ; 1890, 535 f - on the Bahrein Islands in the Per¬ sian Gulf, 1889, 668 - on exploration in North-eastern Cilicia, 1890, S93; on the Yourouks of Asia Minor, 970 BenthAM (G.) on the recent progress and goresent state of systematic botany, 1874, 27 Benton (Prof. W.E.), surface subsidence caused by lateral coal-mining, 1886, 628 ^Benzine derivatives, note on, by Dr. W. Odling, 1877, 53 *- - the action of nitric acid on, a study of, by Prof. L. Meyer, 1887, 653 f - the constitution of, Yan't Hoff's hypothesis and, J. E. Marsh on, 1888, 63r ^Benzoic acid, some decompositions of, Prof. W. Odling on, 1886, 599 ‘ Benzoline,’ petroleum spirit or, A. H. Allen on, 1879, 318 Benzoquinone, the reaction of, with potassium cyanide, S. A. Sworn on, 1889, 546 ^Berber and Souakim, Capt. Rokeby on the survey for a telegraph-line between, 1873, 173 *Berberin, the alkaloid, the constitution of, Prof. W. H. Perkin, jun., on, 1890, 785 Berger (Capel H.) on a uniformity of weights and measures, 1867, 468 Bergeron (C.) on the system of pneu¬ matic propulsion, 1866, 140 - on rapid and economical transport of merchandise, 1872, 241 * - on the Saint-Gothard tunnel, 1873, 210 * - on the prevention of sand-bars at the mouth of harbours, 1875, 243 * - on the removal of sand-bars from harbour mouths, 1876, 219; 1877, 201 - on a process for cutting through sand-bars in rivers and harbour en¬ trances, 1878, 708 - on LeonFrancq’s fireless locomotive, 1879, 501 Bergstroem’s boring machine, Dr. C. Le Neve Foster on, 1867, 154 Berkeley (Rev. M. J.) on specimens of Allium carinatum , 1868, 89 - Address to the Biological Section, 1868, 83 ; exhibition of fungi, 89 ^Bermuda, H. N. Moseley on the vegeta¬ tion of, 1873, 105 * - Prof. Thistleton Dyer on the plants collected by Mr. H. N. Moseley in, 1873, 104 Bernoulli’s numbers, J. VI. L. Glaisher on the function that stands in the same relation to, that the gamma- function does to factorials, 1872, 17 - the calculation of, up to B62, by means of Staudt’s theorem, Prof. J. C. Adams on, 1877, 8 Bernthsen (Prof.) on methylene blue and methylene red, 1887, 645 Berry (A.), the pure theory of distribu¬ tion, 1890, 923 Berthelot’s vinylic alcohol, Dr. H. E. Armstrong on the nature of, 1875, 37 f Berthon (Rev. E. L.) on the hydro¬ static log, 1873, 210 - - on instruments for measuring the speed of ships, 1874, 255; 1878, 219 ; 1879, 210 - collapsible boats, 1882, 678 *Bertin (G.) on the origin and primitive home of the Semites, 1881, 699 GENERAL INDEX. 39 Beryl, the temperature at which it is decolorised, J. Joly on, 1888, 684 Bessel's functions , tables of, 1889, 28 * - some formulae connected with, Dr. Meissel on, 1889, 498 Bessemer process in South Staffordshire, W. Hutchinson on the basic, 1886, 593 Bessemer (Henry) on the manufacture of cast steel, its progress, and employ¬ ment as a substitute for wrought iron, 1865, 165. ( Printed in extenso .) - on the use of steel for structural purposes, 1878, 157 Bettany (G. T.) on the structure and development of the vertebrate skull, 1877, 106 ; on the use of the terms assimilation and metastasis, 107 Bevan (E. J.) and C. F. cross on cellu¬ lose and coal, 1881, 603 - A. G. Green7 and C. F. Cross, the action of light upon the diazo-com- pounds of primuline and dehydro- thiotoluidine: a method of photographic dyeing and printing, 1890, 781 - (Rev. J. O.), the education of pauper children, industrially and otherwise, 1883, 629 Bewley (T.) on a new plant-house, 1863, 95 Beyer (Charles F.) on steam-boiler explo¬ sions, 1870, 1 ; 1871, 166; 1872, 57 Beynon (G. W.) on compensating-appa- ratus for distant signal-wires of rail¬ ways, 1874, 220 * - (J. B.) on a hand-machine for shaping and finishing metal surfaces, 1876, 219 Bhawnpore, a meteor which passed over, Oct. 1873, Maj.G. N. Money on, 1877,31 ^Bhutan frontier, an expiring race on the, T. D. Beighton on, 1878, 591 Bibliography of works on Dynamics, by A. Cayley, 1862, 245 - of papers on the conduction of heat, by J. T. Dunn, 1881, 139 - botanical and zoological works on the Lesser Antilles, Caribbee Islands, or Windward and Leeward, Islands, West Indies ( Tobago to Porto Pico inclusive ), Botany , by W. B. Hemsley. Zoology, by D. Sharp, 1888, 438 - of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Polyzoa, published in Great Britain since 1.854, 1883, 206; of Cretaceous and Tertiary Polyzoa, 1884, 214 — of recent Polyzoa, 1885, 674 - of North American geology, G. Iv. Gil¬ bert on a plan for the subject, 1884, 732 - of certain groups of Invertebrata, report on a, 1884, 270 ; *1885, 1056 - of meteorology and terrestrial mag¬ netism, compiled by the Signal Office, Washington, Prof. Cleveland Abbe on the, 1887, 593 Bibliography of works referring to British mineral and thermal waters, by W. II. Dalton, 1888, 859 - of works on the geology, mineralogy , and palaeontology of Staffordshire, Worcestershire, and Warwickshire, by W. Whitaker, 1885, 780 - of works on the palaeontology of Ox¬ fordshire, of Berkshire, and of Bucking¬ hamshire, by W. Whitaker, 1882, 327 - . of works on the mineralogy of Wales, to 1873, by W. Whitaker, 1880, 397 - of works on coast-changes of England and Wales, by W. Whitaker, 1885, 442 - of works referring to underground water, England and Wales, by W. Whitaker, 1887, 384 - - of solution, report on the , 1887, 5 7 ; 1888, 54; 1889, 53; 1890, 310 - of spectroscopy , report on the, 1889, 344 ; 1890, 261 Bickerton (A. W.) on a new heat-engine, 1870, 208 Bickmore (A. S.) on the Jessop Collec¬ tion, to illustrate the forestry of the United States, in the New York Natural History Museum, 1884, 778 Bidder (G. P.), Address to the Section of Mechanical Science, 1868, 180 - on the stability, propulsion , and sea¬ going qualities of ships, 1869, 10; 1870, 44 Biddulpii (Col. R.) on the Yarkund mis¬ sion, 1874, 181 j- - [Gen. Sir R.] on Cyprus, 1889, 659 Bidwell (E.) on the herds of wild cattle in Chartley Park and other parks in Great Britain, 1887, 135 - (S.) on telegraphic photography, 1881, 777 - on the sensitiveness to light of selenium and sulphur cells, 1885, 981 ; on the generation of a voltaic current by a sulphur cell with a solid electro¬ lyte, 982 - on electrolysis in its physical and chemical bearings, 1886, 308; 1887, ; 1888,339; 1889, 223; 1890, 138 - on diathermancy and electrolytic conductivity, 1886, 309 Bierens de Haan (Dr. D.) on a theorem in the integral calculus, 1867, 4 Bifurcate stream at Glen Lednock Head, in Perthshire, Capt. T. P. White on a, 1869, 172 BiGGART (A. S.) on the Forth Bridge works, 1885, 873 - the Forth Bridge works, 1887, 870 Biggs (C. II. W.), middle-class schools as they are and as they ought to be, 1870, 188 * - on a new voltaic battery, 1876, 62 - and W. W. Beaumont, secondary batteries and the economical genera- 40 GENERAL INDEX. tion of steam for electrical purposes, 1883, 652 Biggs (C. H. W.) and AY. H. Snell, dis¬ tribution by transformers and alternate current machines, 1887, S78 Bilbao, the iron mines of, J. Head on, 1887, 861 Bile, J. H. Bennett on new investiga¬ tions to determine the amount of, se¬ creted by the liver, and how far this is influenced by mercurials, 1867, 98 ■ - secretion of , report by J. Hughes Bennett on the action of mercury on the , 1868, 187 ; precious researches to determine (1) the amount of bile secreted by dogs, and the circumstances which influence it, 188 ; (2) the influence exer¬ cised by mercury on the biliary secre¬ tion, 195 ; description of the mode of operating for biliary fistulce, and of collecting the bile, practised by the Committee, 198 ; observations to deter¬ mine how far dogs are subject to the action of mercury, 201 ; the action of mercury in dogs as a cholagogue, 203 ; observations with calomel , 207 ; observa¬ tions with corrosive sublimate, 216; influence of partial starvation, 221 ; observations on podoplvyllin and ta¬ raxacum as cholagogues, 224 ; influence of purgation, 229 ; relation of biliary secretion to consumption of food, ib. ; relation between biliary secretion and weight of animal, 230 ; effect of loss of bile upon the health of the animal, 231 ; effect of muscular movements upon the flow of the bile, ib. - Dr. Thomas Andrews on the ab¬ sorption-bands of, 1869, 59 - the rate of secretion and constitu¬ tion of the, the effect of various sub¬ stances upon, by Dr. AY. J. Collins, 1888, 728 Bilharzia, the hgematozoon, the embryo¬ nal development of the, Dr. Cobbold on, 1870, 135 * Biliary concretions, Dr. G. Harley on the, 1884, 783 Bilobites, Prof. T. McK. Hughes on, 1886, 653 ^Bimetallism, J. S. Nicholson on, 1887, 852 ‘ Bi-metallists ’ and ‘ mono-metallists,’ E. Atkinson on, 1887, 849 Binaural audition, S. P. Thompson on, 1877, 37; 1878, 601 ; 1881, 565 Binder (Dr.) and Dr. Noelting on the constitution of the mixed diazoamido- compounds, 1887, 643 Bing (Louis) on actinometry, 1868, 17 Binney (E.AV.)on the geological features of the neighbourhood of Manchester, 1861, 109 - on the rate of increase of under¬ ground temperature, 1868, 510; 1869, 176 ; 1870, 29 ; 1871, 14 Binney (E. AY.) on the circulation of underground waters, 1875, 114; 1876, 95 Binnie (AV\), account of experiments to determine the variations in size of drops with the interval between the fall of each, 1890, 731 Binns ( J. A. ) on benefit building societies, 1873, 185 Binocular lustre, Sir David Brewster on, 1861, 29 - vision, some abnormal effects of, AV. S. Davis on, 1873, 36, *12 6 - and monocular vision, the relative apparent brightness of objects in, S, P. Thompson on, 1877, 32 * - microscope for high powers, J. T. Taylor on a, 1877, 32 ^Binomial theorem, proof of the, by the late James Lindsay, 1867, 5 - simplified proofs (after Euler) of the, (i.) for any positive fractional exponent : (ii.) for any negative exponent, by T. AAroodcock, 1889, 501 *Binz (Dr.) on the action of alcohol on warm-blooded animals, 1873, 124 Biological results of a cruise in H.M.S. ‘Valorous’ to Davis Strait in 1875, J. Gwyn Jeffreys on the, 1876, 147 - - results of the North German ex¬ ploring expedition, Dr. 0. Finsch on the, 1877, 101 - science, Edward B. Tylor on language and mythology as departments of, 1868, 120 Biological Section, Addresses by the Presidents of the : — Nottingham, Prof. T. H. Huxley, -1866 Dundee, Prof. Sharpev, 1867, 74 Norwich, Bev. M. J. Berkeley, 1868, S3 Exeter, C. Spence Bate, 1869, 104 Liverpool, Prof. Rolleston, 1870, 91 Edinburgh, Dr. Allen Thomson, 1871, 114 Brighton, Sir John Lubbock, 1872, 123 Bradford, Prof. Allman, 1873, 94 Belfast, Prof. Redfern, 1874, 96 Bristol, P. L. Sclater, 1875, 85 Glasgow, A. R. AA? allace, 1876, 100 Ptymouth, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, 1877, 79 Dublin, Prof. AAr. H. Flower, 1878, 549 Sheffield, Prof. St. G. Mivart, 1S79, 354 Swansea, Dr. Gunther, 1880, 591 York, Dr. R. Owen, 1881, 651 Southampton, Prof. A. Gamgee, 1882, 554 GENERAL INDEX 41 Biological Section, Addresses by the Presidents of the : — Southport, Prof. E. Ray Lankester, 1883, 512 Montreal, Prof. H. N. Moseley, 1884, 746 Aberdeen, Prof. W. C. McIntosh, 1885, 1043 Birmingham, W. Carruthers, 1886, 679 Manchester, Prof. A. Newton, 1887, 726 Bath, W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 1888, 686 Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Prof. J. S. Burdon Sanderson, 1889, 604 Leeds, Prof. A. Milnes Marshall, 1890, 826 Biological Association laboratory at Ply¬ mouth, the marine, report on mailing arrangements for assisting, 1887, 59; 1888, 94; *1889, 642; 1890, 444 - station, a marine, at (dranton, Scotland, report on the establishment of, 1885, 474 - stations, marine, on the coast of the United Kingdom, report on promoting the establishment of, 1885, 480 Biology, the application of, to economics, P. Geddes on, 1885, 1166 * - a re-arrangement of the divisions of, D. McAlpine on, 1886, 708 * - systematic, E. Ray Lankester on English nomenclature in, 1874, 137 *Biquadratique binaire, sur les faisceaux de forme, ayant une meme Jacobienne, par Cyparissos Stephanos, 1881, 534 Biram’s anemometers attached to kite- wires, an account of some preliminary experiments with, by Prof. E. D. Archi¬ bald, 1884, 639 Birchall (E.) on some hybrid Sphingidae and other Lepidoptera, 1870, 111 *Birch-tree, Dr. Jordan on an abnor¬ mal growth of a bud of a, 1865, 82 Bird (Alfred) on the purification of terrestrial drinking waters with neu¬ tral sulphate of alumina, 1866, 33 * - (Dr. Henry) on the utilisation of sewage, 1864, 24; on the human bones found in tumuli situated on the Cottes- wold hills, 137 * - on the utilisation of sewage, as conducted at Stroud, and on the growth of the sewage plant, 1865, 28 - on the Steypireyor whale of the Icelanders, 1870, 112 - (Dr. James) on the vital and sani¬ tary statistics of our European army in India, compared with those of the French army under like conditions of climate and locality, 1863, 1 5 1 Birds, blastoderm in the ova of, B. T. Lowne on the ciliated condition of the inner layer of the, and in the omphalo¬ mesenteric vessels, 1871, *140, 242 Birds, classification of, P. L. Sclater on the, 1880, 606 - eggs of, Dr. John Davy on the, 1863, 112 * - - eggs of British, C. O. Groom-Napier on the cause of the variation in the, 1866, 77 - egg-shell of : is the carbonate of lime in the, in a crystalline or amor¬ phous state ? by Dr. John Davy, 1866, 89 - shell of the egg of, Dr. G. Ogilvie on the adaptation of the, to the function of respiration, 1867, 102 - of Europe, legislative protection to the, C. O. Groom-Napier on, 1875, 217 *— — flight of, Prof. F. Guthrie on the, 1874, 22 - food of, C. Ottley Groom on the, 3 864, 95 • - foot of, and on the use of the ser¬ rated claw, P. M. C. Kermode on the, 1881, 670 - - - fungi within the thorax of living, Dr. J. Murie on the development of, 1871, 129 - Jurassic, and their allies, Prof. O. C. Marsh on, 1881, 661 • - limbs : Charles Martins sur une comparaison des membres pelviens et thoraciques chez l’homme, les mam- miferes, les oiseaux, et les reptiles, deduite de la torsion de l’humerus, 1867, 158 - in museums, Thomas J. Moore on some improved methods of displaying, 1865, 92 - of the Mascarene Islands, report on extinct, 1866, 401 ; 1867, 287 ; 1872, 23 - migration of, and Messrs. Brown and Cordeaux’s method of obtaining systematic observations of the same at lighthouses and lightships, A. New¬ ton on, 1880, 605 - - the migration of, report on, 1881, 189 ; 1882, 283 ; 1883, 229 ; 1884, 266 ; 1885, 685 ; 1886, 264 ; 1887, 70 ; 1888, 146; 1889, 114; 1890, 464 - migratory, of the North of England, T. Lister on, 1874, 137 - migratory, some of our, as first seen in Aberdeenshire, J. Taylor on, 1885, 1098 - and birds’ nests : A. R. Wallace on their plumage, or the relation between sexual differences of colour and the mode of nidification in, 1867, 97 - on the protection of, 1869, 91 ; utility of, 92 ; food of, 93 ; on the de¬ struction of insects by, 95 * - raptorial, of Scotland, Prof. J. Duns on the rarer, 1871, 132 40 GENERAL INDEX. tion of steam for electrical purposes, 1883, 652 Biggs (C. H. W.) and W. H. Snell, dis¬ tribution by transformers and alternate current machines, 1887, S78 Bilbao, the iron mines of, J. Head on, 1887, 861 Bile, J. H. Bennett on new investiga¬ tions to determine the amount of, se¬ creted by the liver, and how far this is influenced by mercurials, 1867, 98 - secretion of, report by J. Hughes Bennett on the action of mercury on the , 1868, 187 ; precious researches to determine (1) the amount of bile secreted by dogs, and the circumstances which influence it, 188 ; (2) the influence exer¬ cised by mercury on the biliary secre¬ tion, 195 ; description of the mode of operating for biliary flstulce, and of collecting the bile, practised by the Committee, 198 ; observations to deter¬ mine horn far dogs are subject to the action of mercury, 201 ; the action of mercury in dogs as a cholagogue, 203 ; observations with calomel, 207 ; observa¬ tions with corrosive sublimate, 216 ; influence of partial starvation , 221 ; observations on podophyllin and ta¬ raxacum as cholagogues, 224 ; influence of purgation, 229 ; relation of biliary secretion to consumption of food, ib. ; relation between biliary secretion and weight of animal, 230 ; effect of loss of bile upon the health of the animal, 231 ; effect of muscular movements upon the flow of the bile, ib. - Dr. Thomas Andrews on the ab¬ sorption-bands of, 1869, 59 - the rate of secretion and constitu¬ tion of the, the effect of various sub¬ stances upon, by Dr. W. J. Collins, 1888, 728 Bilharzia, the haematozoon, the embryo¬ nal development of the, Dr. Cobbold on, 1870, 135 *Biliary concretions, Dr. G. Harley on the, 1884, 783 Bilobites, Prof. T. McK. Hughes on, 1886, 653 *Bimetallism, J. S. Nicholson on, 1887, 852 ‘Bi-metallists ’ and ‘mono-metallists,’ E. Atkinson on, 1887, 849 Binaural audition, S. P. Thompson on, 1877, 37; 1878, 601 ; 1881, 565 Binder (Dr.) and Dr. Noelting on the constitution of the mixed diazoamido- compounds, 1887, 643 Bing (Louis) on actinometry, 1868, 17 Binney (E. W.) on the geological features of the neighbourhood of Manchester, 1861, 109 - on the rate of increase of under¬ ground temperature, 1868, 510; 1869, 176 ; 1870, 29 ; 1871, 14 Binney (E. W.) on the circulation of underground waters, 1875, 114; 1876, 95 Binnie (IV.), account of experiments to determine the variations in size of drops with the interval between the fall of each, 1890, 731 Binns ( J. A.) on benefit building societies, 1873, 185 Binocular lustre, Sir David Brewster on, 1861, 29 - vision, some abnormal effects of, W. S. Davis on, 1873, 36, *126 - and monocular vision, the relative apparent brightness of objects in, S, P. Thompson on, 1877, 32 * - microscope for high powers, J. T. Taylor on a, 1877, 32 ^Binomial theorem, proof of the, by the late James Lindsa}r, 1867, 5 - simplified proofs (after Euler) of the, (i.)foranypositive fractional exponent; (ii.) for any negative exponent, by T. Woodcock, 1889, 501 *Binz (Dr.) on the action of alcohol on warm-blooded animals, 1873, 124 Biological results of a cruise in H.M.S. ‘Valorous’ to Davis Strait in 1875, J. Gwyn Jeffreys on the, 1876, 147 - — results of the North German ex¬ ploring expedition, Dr. 0. Finsch on the, 1877, 10 1 - science, Edward B. Tylor on language and mythology as departments of, 1868, 120 Biological Section, Addresses by the Presidents of the : — Nottingham, Prof. T. H. Huxley, *1866 Dundee, Prof. Sharpey, 1867, 74 Norwich, Rev. M. J. Berkeley, 1868, S3 Exeter, C. Spence Bate, 1869, 104 Liverpool, Prof. Rolleston, 1870, 91 Edinburgh, Dr. Allen Thomson, 1871, H4 Brighton, Sir John Lubbock, 1872, 123 Bradford, Prof. Allman, 1S73, 94 Belfast, Prof. Redfern, 1874, 96 Bristol, P. L. Sclater, 1875, 85 Glasgow, A. R. Wallace, 1876, 100 Plymouth, J. Gwyn Jeffreys, 1877, 79 Dublin, Prof. W. H. Flower, 1878, 549 Sheffield, Prof. St. G. Mivart, 1879, 354 Swansea, Dr. Gunther, 1880, 591 York, Dr. R. Owen, 1881, 651 Southampton, Prof. A. Gamgee, 1882, 554 GENERAL INDEX. 41 Biological Section, Addresses by the Presidents of the : — Southport, Prof. E. Ray Lankester, 1883, 512 Montreal, Prof. H. N. Moseley, 1884, 746 Aberdeen, Prof. W. C. McIntosh, 1885, 1043 Birmingham, W. Carruthers, 1886, 679 Manchester, Prof. A. Newton, 1887, 726 Bath, W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 1888, 686 Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Prof. J. S. Burdon Sanderson, 1889, 604 Leeds, Prof. A. Milnes Marshall, 1890, 826 Biological Association laboratory at Ply¬ mouth , the marine , report on mailing arrangements for assisting, 1887, 59 ; 1888, 94; *1889, 642; 1890, 444 - station, a marine, at Granton, Scotland, report on the establishment of, 1885, 474 - stations, marine, on the coast of the United Kingdom , report on promoting the establishment of, 1885, 480 Biology, the application of, to economics, P. Geddes on, 1885, 1166 * - a re-arrangement of the divisions of, D. McAlpine on, 1886, 708 * - systematic, E. Ray Lankester on English nomenclature in, 1874, 137 *Biquadratique binaire, sur les faisceaux de forme, ayant une meme Jacobienne, par Cyparissos Stephanos, 1881, 534 Biram’s anemometers attached to kite- wires, an account of some preliminary experiments with, by Prof. E. D. Archi¬ bald, 1884, 639 Biechall (E.) on some hybrid Sphingiclas and other Lepidoptera, 1870, 111 *Bircli-tree, Dr. Jordan on an abnor¬ mal growth of a bud of a, 1865, 82 Bird (Alfred) on the purification of terrestrial drinking waters with neu¬ tral sulphate of alumina, 1866, 33 * - (Dr. Henry) on the utilisation of sewage, 1864, 24; on the human bones found in tumuli situated on the Cottes- wold hills, 137 * - on the utilisation of sewage, as conducted at Stroud, and on the growth of the sewage plant, 1865, 28 - on the Steypireyor whale of the Icelanders, 1870, 112 - (Dr. James) on the vital and sani¬ tary statistics of our European army in India, compared with those of the French army under like conditions of climate and locality, 1863, 15 1 Birds, blastoderm in the ova of, B. T. Lowne on the ciliated condition of the inner layer of the, and in the omphalo¬ mesenteric vessels, 1871, *140, 242 Birds, classification of, P. L. Sclater on the, 1880, 606 - eggs of, Dr. John Davy on the, 3863, 112 * - eggs of British, C. O. Groom-Napier on the cause of the variation in the, 1866, 77 - egg-shell of : is the carbonate of lime in the, in a crystalline or amor¬ phous state ? by Dr. John Davy, 1866, 89 - shell of the egg of, Dr. G. Ogilvie on the adaptation of the, to the function of respiration, 1867, 102 - of Europe, legislative protection to the, C. O. Groom-Napier on, 1875, 217 * - flight of, Prof. F. Guthrie on the, 1874, 22 - food of, C. Ottley Groom on the, 3 864, 95 - foot of, and on the use of the ser¬ rated claw, P. M. C. Kermocle on the, 1881, 670 - - - fungi within the thorax of living, Dr. J. Murie on the development of, 1871, 129 - Jurassic, and their allies, Prof. O. C. Marsh on, 1881, 661 - limbs : Charles Martins sur une comparaison des membres pelviens et tlioraciques chez Thomme, les mam- miferes, les oiseaux, et les reptiles, deduite de la torsion de l’humerus, 1867, 158 - in museums, Thomas J. Moore on some improved methods of displaying, 1865, 92 - of the Mascarene Islands , report on extinct, 1866, 401 ; 1867, 287 ; 1872, 23 - - - migration of, and Messrs. Brown and Cordeaux’s method of obtaining systematic observations of the same at lighthouses and lightships, A. New¬ ton on, 1880, 605 - the migration of, report on, 1881, 189 ; 1882, 283 ; 1883, 229 ; 1884, 266 ; 1885, 685 ; 1886, 264 ; 1887, 70 ; 1888, 146; 1889, 114; 1890, 464 - migratory, of the North of England, T. Lister on, 1874, 137 - migratory, some of our, as first seen in Aberdeenshire, J. Taylor on, 1885, 1098 - and birds’ nests : A. R. Wallace on their plumage, or the relation between sexual differences of colour and the mode of nidification in, 1867, 97 - on the protection of, 1869, 91; utility of, 92 ; food of, 93 ; on the de¬ struction of insects by, 95 * - raptorial, of Scotland, Prof. J. Duns on the rarer, 1871, 132 42 GENERAL INDEX *Birds, rarer, occurring in South and West Yorkshire, T. Lister on the, 1879, 378 * - soaring of, W. Froude on a me¬ chanical theory of the, 1876, 31 - struthious, P. L. Sclater’s remarks on the late increase of our knowledge of the, 1861, 158 - T. Lister on, observed in the West Riding of Yorkshire in former and recent years, 1873, 116 - - which have bred in the Barnsley and South Yorkshire district, T. Lister on the, 1881, 670 — — and reptiles, H. Woodward on new facts bearing on the inquiry concern¬ ing forms intermediate between, 1873, 93 *Birdwood (Dr.) on the genus Bosmellia, with descriptions and drawings of three new species, 1869, 108; *on the geography of the frankincense plants, 159^ Birmingham, Dr. T. L. Phipson on the black stones which fell from the at¬ mosphere at, in 1858, 1861, 37 — — A. Follett Osier on variations in direction and motion of the air at, 1865, 264 - - Dr. Fleming on the prevalence of tapeworm in, and its causes, 1865, 106 - D. Smith on the meteorology of, 1865, 19 - J. D. Goodman on the small arms manufacture of, 1865, 150 - J. G. Johnson on the benefit, build¬ ing, and freehold land societies of, 1865, 154 - J. Thackray Bunce on the statistics of crime in, as compared with other large towns, 1865, 145 - Thomas Avery on the municipal expenditure of the borough of, 1865, 135 * - B. Smith on warming, lighting, and ventilating the town hall of, 1865, 190 - W. L. Sargant on the vital statis¬ tics of , 1865, 155 * - industries, reports on, 1865, 191 - wire-gauge, Latimer Clark on the, 1867, 153 - canal, E. B. Marten on the, 1886, 772 - compressed-air power scheme. J. Sturgeon on the, 1886, 822 - district, the geology of the, Prof. C. Lapworth on, 1886, 621 - Tame, and Rea district drainage , W. Till on the, 1886, 499 -j- - - the water-supply of, C. E. Mathews on the, 1886, 817 Birt (W. R.), contribution to a report on the physical aspect of the moon, 1861, 181 Birt (W. R.) on a group of lunar craters imperfectly represented in lunar maps, 1862, 9 - on the selenographical relations between the chain of lunar mountains the Alps, with the Mare Imbrium and the Mare Frigoris, 1863, 3 - on methods of detecting changes on the moon’s surface, 1864, 4 - on mapping the surface of the moon , 1865,2 86; 1866,214; 1867, 1 ; 1868, 1 ; 1869, 76 ; letter from J. F. Julius Schmidt to W. R. Birt , 1865, 305 - on the extent of evidence which we possess elucidatory of ‘ change ’ on the moon’s surface, 1868, 11 - on secular variations of lunar tints and spots and shadows on Plato, 1869, 15 . - on the present state of the question relative to lunar activity or quiescence, 1870, 20 - on the discussion of observations of spots on the surface of the lunar crater Plato, 1871, 60; 1872, 254 * - on the importance and necessity of continued systematic observations on the moon’s surface, 1873, 34 Birth, death, and marriage, rates of, methods of ascertaining variations in the, F. Y. Edgeworth on, 1885, 1165 Bischof (G.) on a new system of testing the quality of the malleable metals and alloys, 1870, 209 - on the examination of water for sanitary purposes, 1871, 67 ^Biscuits, J. Robinson on an improved manufacture of, 1863, 183 Bismuth, certain compounds of, M. M. P. Muir on, 1876, 66 - fluid, the density of, W. C. Roberts and T. Wrightson on, 1880, 543 Bisulphide of carbon, the application of, to the scouring of wool, Prof. W. Ramsay on, 1883, 462 *Bituminous substances, Dr. T. Ander¬ son on, 1864, 24 Black, Dr. Joseph, letters from M. Lavoisier to, 1871, 189 Black (C. E. D.) on the upper course of the Brahmaputra river, 1879, 433 * - on the Afghan frontier, 1886, 734 - (J. W.) on colonies in South Africa, 1866, 94 - - (Dr. W G.), description of a marine anemometer, 1883, 422 Black deposits of metals, Dr. J. H. Glad¬ stone on, 1873, 63 - Dog, the rock of the, note on, b}r Prof. T. G. Bonney, 1885, 1016 * - oxide of iron, the formation of, on iron surfaces, for the prevention of corrosion, Prof. F. S. Barff on, 1877, 50 GENERAL INDEX. 43 Black Bock of Kiltearn, the chasm called the, W. Watson on, 1885, 1018 - Sea and the Caspian, Dr. Carpenter on the physical geography of the Mediterranean, considered in relation to that of the, 1873, 163 Blackbird, Dr. O’Callaghan on a curious preserved specimen of the, 1865, 92 Blackburn (Miss H.), Irishwomen’s in¬ dustries, 1888, 772 Blackfeet Indians, customs and religious rites of the, R. G. Haliburton on, 1884, 920 - the Chokitapia or, notes on the astronomical customs and religious ideas of, by J. L’Heureux, 1884, 921 Blackfoot tribes, report on the , by H. Hale, 1885, 696 — — report on the , by Her. E. F. Wilson , 1887, 183; notes thereon , by H. Hale , 197 t Blackpool electric tramway, M. H. Smith on the, 1886, 810 Blair (M.) on the foundation of the town hall, Paisley, with notes on the rocks of Renfrewshire, 1879, 344 - on the pauperisation of children by the operation of the ‘ Scotch Education Act, 1872,’ 1885, 1176 - (T.) on the separation of iron and phosphorus, specially with reference to the manufacture of steel, 1S79, 296 Blake (C. Carter) on the syndactylous condition of the hand in man and the anthropoid apes, 1863, 98 ; on some points in the cranioscopy of South American nations, 133 - on certain simious skulls, with espe¬ cial reference to a skull from Louth, in Ireland, 1865, 114 - on skulls from the round barrows in Dorsetshire, 1866, 94 ; on a condylus tertius occasionally observed in the skulls of natives in the Indian archi¬ pelago, ib.; on a human jaw from the Belgian bone-caves, 95 - and Dr. Charnock on Mosquito and Wulwa dialects, 1869, 129 - and Dr. Charnock on the physical, mental, and philological characteristics of the Wallons, 1871, 148 - (Dr. J.) on the connection between molecular structure and biological action, 1886, 687 - (Rev. J. F.) on the Yorkshire lias and the distribution of its ammonites, 1871, 90 - on additional remains of Pleistocene mammals in Yorkshire, 1873, 75 - on geological episodes, 1879, 335; on the homologies of the Cephalopoda, 376 - on the pre-Cambrian igneous rocks of St. David’s, 1883, 507 Blake (Rev. J. F.), first impressions of some pre-Cambrian rocks of Canada, 1884, 728 - introduction to the Monian system of rocks, 1886, 669 ; on the igneous rocks of Llyn Padarn, Yr Eifl, and Boduan, ib. - on the microscopical examination of the older rochs of Anylesey, 1887, 230 ; 1888, 687 - on a star-fish from Yorkshire Lias, 1887, 716 Blakely (Capt.) on artillery versus ar¬ mour, 1861, 255 Blanc (Dr. II.) on the native races of Abyssinia, 1868, 130 - human vaccine lymph and heifer lymph compared, 1869, 118 Blanford (H. F.) on certain protracted irregularities of atmospheric pressure in the Indian monsoon region, and their relation to variations of the local rainfall, 1874, 36 - (William T.) on an extinct volcano in Upper Burmah, 1862, 69 - on the fauna of British India, and its relations to the Ethiopian and so-called Indian fauna, 1869, 107 : on a journey in Northern Abyssinia, 159 - on some evidence of glacial action in tropical India in Palaeozoic (or the oldest Mesozoic) times, 1873,76; *on the distribution of the antelopes in Southern and Western Asia, no; on the fauna of Persia, ib. ; on the physi¬ cal geography of the Deserts of Persia and Central Asia, 162 - - on the geological age and relations of the Siwalik and Pikermi vertebrate and invertebrate faunas, 1880, 577 - the Great Plain of Northern India not an old sea-basin, 1881, 638 ; on our present knowledge of the fauna inhabiting British India and its depen¬ dencies, 677 - Address to the Geological Section, 1884, 691 - on the fossil plants of the Tertiary and Secondary beds of the United King¬ dom, 1885, 396; 1886, 241 ; 1887, 229; on the exploration of New Guinea, 1885, 690 - notes on a smoothed and striated boulder from a Pre- Tertiary deposit in the Punjab salt range, 1886, 630 Flaps mortisaga (Coleoptera), the odori¬ ferous apparatus of the. Prof. G. Gilson on, 1888, 727 *Blast-furnace practice, Sir L. Bell on, 1889, 746 - slag, Frederick George Finch on the utilisation of, 1865, 29 Blast-furnaces, Cleveland, J. Pattinson 44 GENERAL INDEX. on a deposit in the gas-tubes of the, 1863, 48 Blast-furnaces, E. A. Cowper on the effect of blowing, with blast of very high temperatures, 1865, 177 Blasting agent, A. Nobel on dynamite, a recent preparation of nitro-glycerine, as a, 1868, 194 Blastoderm in the ova of birds, B. T. Lowne on the ciliated condition of the inner layer of the, 1871, 140, 242 Blastoidea, the structure and classifica¬ tion of the, P. H. Carpenter on, 1881, 634 Bleaclving-powder , Drs. E. Schunck , E. A. Smith , and H. E. Eoscoe on the 'manufacture of , 1861, 109 * - H. Deacon on Deacon’s chlorine process as applied to the manufacture of, on the larger scale, 1871, 69 - - residue, F. W. Hodges on, 1880, 560 Eleclinum spicant, A. Stars field on, collected in 1860 and 1861, 1861, 159 Bleek (Dr.) on the position of the Aus¬ tralian languages, 1870, 144 - - Bushman researches of, H. Clarke on the report concerning, 1873, 142 Blencowe (Rev. G.) on certain geo¬ logical facts observed in Natal and the border countries during nineteen years’ residence, 1879, 349 >;:Bles (E. J.) and Prof. A. M. Marshall on variability in development, 1890, 861 Blight in man and in the animal and vegetable world, Dr. R. King on, 1870, 141 *Block signalling on railways, R. R. Harper on, 1875, 217 ^Blood, albuminoid substances of the, Prof. Heynsius on the, 1S6S, 1 1 7 - albuminous substances contained in the, of vertebrate and invertebrate animals, a comparative viewT of the, by Dr. W. D. Halliburton, 1885, 1077 - - ammonia in, Dr. J. Davy on the presence of, as a normal constituent, 1863, 112 - ammonia in, Dr. A. Gamgee on ex- jDeriments confirmatory of those of Kiihne on the non-existence of, 1865, 107 i!: - ammonia and its homologues in the, W. L. Scott on the presence of, 1866, 92 - - carbonic oxide on the, Dr. A. Gamgee on the action of, 1S66, 91 - capillary circulation of the, in mammals, Dr. R. Strieker and Prof. J. Burdon Sanderson on a new method of studying the, 1870, 142 - - circulation of the, Dr. George Robinson on the study of the, 1862, 134 *Blood, circulation of the, Prof. A. Ru¬ therford exhibited a model of the, 1871, 141 - circulation of the, Prof. A. Buchanan on the pressure of the atmosphere as an auxiliary force in carrying on the, 1871, 137 - — coagulation of the, in relation to its cause. Dr. John Davy on the, 1862, 125 * - coagulation of the, Dr. W. B. Richardson on, 1867, 103 - coagulation of the, E. A. Schafer on the, 1872, 155 - - coagulation of the, Prof. H. N. Mar¬ tin and W. H. Howmll on the, 1884, 774 - - of the common earthworm, Dr. John Davy on the, 1862, 124 - corpuscle, Dr. Edwards Crisp on the size of the, in relation to the size of the animal, its swiftness and powers of endurance, 1864, 121 * - corpuscles, white, Dr. Beheir on the generation of, 1868, 112 * - corpuscles, E. Ray Lankester on the action of some gases and. vapours on the red, 1870, 142 - - corpuscles, L. C. Wooldridge on the stroma of mammalian red, 1879, 418 - heat generated in the , during the process of arterialisation , 1870, 228; 1871, 137 - - of Limulus polyphemus, F. Gotch and J. P. Laws on the, 1884, 774 * - magnetic and diamagnetic pro¬ perties of the, Dr. A. Gamgee on the, 1871, 138 - muscle , nerve , and. Dr. E. Norris on muscular irritability and the relations which exist between, 1866, 157 - toxic conditions of the, illustrated by the action of hydrocyanic acid, T. S. Ralph on some, IS 82, 577 — — vessels, Dr. G. D. Gibb on variations in the great arterial, 1866, 73 Blowing wells near Northallerton, the, T. Fairley on, 1881, 544 ; analyses of the water and gas therefrom, by T. Fairley, 601 Blowpipe analysis, Lieut. -Col. Ross on a new system of, 1881, 59S Bloxam (G. W.) on the exploration of New Guinea, 1885, 690 ; on the scientific examination of the country in the vi¬ cinity of Mount Eoraima, in Guiana, ib. ; on the North-western tribes of the Dominion of Canada, 1885, 696 ; 1886, 285; 1887, 173; 1888, 233; 1889, 797; 1890, 553 - on the prehistoric race in the Greek islands, 1886, 284; 1S87, 200; 1888, 99 - on racial photographs from the an¬ cient Egyptian pictures and sculptures, 1887, 439 - on the effects of different occupa - GENERAL INDEX. 45 tions and employments on the physical development of the human body , 1888, ioo; 1889, 186 Bloxam (G. W.) on the nomad tribes of Asia Minor , 1889, 176; 1890, 535 - on the anthropological 'measurements tahen at Bath , 1889, 423 - on the natives of India , 1890, 547 ; on the anthropological measurements tahen at Newcastle (1889), 549 - and Dr. J. G. Garson, observations made in the anthropometric laboratory at Manchester, 1888, 854 - and C. Roberts on the physical characters and proportions of the Zulus, 1881, 702 - (Thomas) on the influence of clean and unclean surfaces in voltaic action, 1871, 47 Blue-colouring matter, a, found in cer¬ tain wood undergoing decomposition in the forest, preliminary notes on, by Prof. G. P. Girdwood and J. Bemrose, 1884, 689 * Blumenbachia hieronymi, Urban, the contrivances for the seed protection and distribution in, W. Gardiner on, 1888, 716 Blunt (W. S.) on proposed Indo-Medi- terranean railways, with an account of a journey by land from Bagdad to Bushire, 1879, 440 *Blyth (C.) on an improved machine for drawing-off, measuring, and cutting cloth and other materials for manu¬ facturing purposes, 1868, 188 - (Prof. J.) on anew form of galvano¬ meter, 1885, 939 - on a new form of current-weigher for the absolute determination of the strength of an electric current, 1886, 521 ; exhibition and description of Miller’s portable torsion magnetic meter, 556 - on a new form of current-weigher, 1889, 51 1 Boarding-out of pauper children in England, W. Tullack on the, 1876, 209 - of pauper children, Miss I. M. Tod on the, 1878, 659 - as a method of pauper education and a check on hereditary pauperism, Miss W. L. Hall on, 1886, 753 Boas (Dr. F.) on the Indians of British Columbia , 1888, 233; 1889, 801 ; 1890, 562 ^Boat-lowering apparatus, E. J. Hill on, 1872, 246 Boats, George Fawcus on a newr method of constructing, 1863, 172 - G. Fawcus on improvements in blocks for lowering ships’, and for im¬ provements in boats, 1865, 1S4 Boats, G. Fawcus on improvements in the packing of, 1868, 189 - &c., the disengaging of, E. J. Hill on, 1888, 807 Bock (Carl) on the Dutch Indian Go¬ vernment exploring expedition in Borneo, 1880, 661 ^Bodies, natural, a new physiological principle for the formation of, Prof. C. Jessen on, 1887, 783 * - of man and animals, a new geo¬ metry for the, Prof. Jessen on, 1887, 783 Bodily efficiency , the advisability of as¬ signing marhs for , in the examination of candidates for the public services , F. Galton on, 1.889, 471 - exercise , influence of, on the elimi¬ nation of nitrogen , report on the , 1880, 159; 1882, 269; 1883,242; 1884, 265 Body, interim report on the effects of dif¬ ferent occupations and employments on the physical development of the human, 1889, 186 *Bogg (E. B.) on fishing Indians of Van¬ couver’s Island, 1866, 96 *Bohuslan district, the upper tertiary strata of the, Dr. A. W. Malm on, 1863, 191 *Boiler Committee of the Admiralty, the experiments of the, Capt. Aynsley on, 1877, 199 Boiler explosions, G. B. Airy on steam- y 1863, 686 - report of the Committee appointed to consider and report how far coroners T inquisitions are satisfactory tribunals for the investigation of, and how these tribunals may be improved, 1869, 47 ; 1870, 1 ; 1871, 166 * - Lavington E. Fletcher on Govern¬ ment action with regard to, 1869, 210 - E. B. Marten on, 1870, 222; 188b", 823 * - W. F. Barrett on a condition affect¬ ing the spheroidal state of liquids and its probable effect on certain, 1872, 48 Boiler for generating steam of high pres¬ sure, Dr. F. Grimaldi on a, new marine, 1862, 186 - incrustation, Dr. Aug. Voelcker on the composition of a marine, 1865, 39 - incrustation and corrosion, F. J. Rowan on, 1876, 229 Boilers, the design and use of, F. J. Rowan on, 1878, 712 - pipes, and cylinders of steam- engines, W. Smith on Mr. James * Spence’s invention of a novel method of covering, for the prevention of the radiation of heat, 1863, 187 Boiling-point of the saturated solutions of various salts by boiling with steam of 100° C., P. Spence on an attempt to determine the, 1870, 64 46 GENERAL INDEX. Boiling -points and vapour tension, the , of mercury , of sulphur, and of some com¬ pounds of carbon, determined by means of the hydroyen thermometer, Prof J. AT. Crafts on, 1882, 317 Bokhara, M. Alexander Hippius on Rus¬ sian trade with, 1864, 145 * - Dr. A. Vambery on the city life of, 1865, 131 Bolivia and Peru, recent explorations in, by H. Guillaume, 1889, 667 Bollaert (W.), extract from a letter to, by R. Bridge, on the great earthquake at Mendoza, 1861, 187 *- - - on ancient engravings on stone from Southern Peru, 1866, 96 ; on Cen¬ tral American hieroglyphs, ib. *Bolland (Col. J. H.), photographic and photozincographic processes employed in the Ordnance Survey, 1888, 746 Bolometry, experiments in, by Prof. S. P. Thompson, 1883, 401 Bolton, Henry Ashworth on the progress of science and art as developed in the bleaching of cotton at, 1861, 204 Bolton (Prof. H. C.) on the application of organic acids to the examination of minerals, 1880, 505 Boltzmann’s theorem, Prof. W. M. Hicks on, 1885, 905 Bombay, P. M. Tait on the population and mortality of, 1869, 199 - Presidency, Dr. Cook on the regis¬ tration of atmospheric ozone in the, and the chief causes which influence its appreciable amount in the atmo¬ sphere, 1869, 64 Bonak (J.), the value of labour in rela¬ tion to economic theory, 1890, 917 Bone breccia with flints in Lebanon, Rev. H. B. Tristram on a, 1864, 72 - and cartilage, the proportion of, in the lumbar section of the vertebral column in the ape and different races of man, Prof. D. J. Cunningham on, 1889, 777 - cave at Brixham, W. Pengelly on a new, 1861, 123 - caves, Belgian, C. C. Blake on a human jaw from the, 1866, 95 - caves of Craven, T. W. Barrow’s re¬ marks on the, 1861, 108 - caves of Cresswell, the, and dis¬ covery of an extinct Pliocene feline ( Fells brevirostris ) new to Great Britain, Dr. R. Laingon, 1889, 5S2 - caves of the Wye, Rev. W. S. Symonds on the physical geology of the, 1870, 88 - whittled, H. G. Seeley on a, from the Barnwell gravel, 1862, 94 Bonelli’s printing telegraph, W. Cook on, 1863, 18 Bones, W. Pengelly on the condition of some of the, found in Kent’s Cavern, Torquay, 1868, 76 Bones and flints found in the caves at Mentone and the adjacent railway - cutting, M. Moggridge on the, 1871, 155 - - - human and animal, and flints found in a cave at Oban, Prof. W. Turner on, 1871, 160 - of general paralytics, the chemical composition of the, J. Campbell Brown on, 1870, 51 * - dissolved, the manufacture of superphosphates and, Dr. S. Macadam on, 1863, 191 f- - - and muscles, the comparative variableness of, G. E. Dobson on, with remarks on unity of type in variation of the origin and insertion of certain muscles in species unconnected by unity of descent, 1884, 767 Bonghi (Signor), l’organisation et la statistique cle l’enseignement tech¬ nique secondaire en Italie, 1888, 774 *Bonhomme (Mons.) on sericulture, 1875, 206 Bonney (F.) on some customs of the aborigines of the River Darling, New South Wales, 1882, 607 * - (Rev. T. G.) on some flint imple¬ ments from Amiens, 1862, 70 - on the geography of Mont Pelvoux, in Dauphine, 1862, 143 - [Prof. T. G.] on the ‘ Geological Record ,’ 1880, 87 - on the erratic blochs of England , Wales, and Ireland, 1880, no; 1881, 204; 1882,243; 1883,136; 1884,219; 1885, 322; 1886, 223; 1887, 236; 1888, 101 ; 1889, 1 15 ; 1890, 340 * - on a supposed case of metamor¬ phism in an Alpine rock of Carbonifer¬ ous age, 1883, 507 ; note on the Nagel - flue of the Rigi and Rossberg, ib. - on the Arclicean rocks of Great Britain, 1884, 529 - - on meteoric dust , 1885, 34 - - report on the rocks collected by IT. II. Johnston, Esq. , from the upper pari of the Kilima-njaro massif, 1885, 682 - on bastite-serpentine and troktolite in Aberdeenshire, with a note on the rock of the Black Dog, 1885, 1016 : preliminary note on some traverses of the crystalline district of the Central Alps, 1027 - Address to the Geological Section, 1886, 601 - on the desirability of combined action for the translation of foreign memoirs, 1887, 41 ; on the promotion of the study of geography, 158; on the microscopical examination of the older rocks of Anglesey, 230 ; 1888, 367 GENERAL INDEX. 47 Bonney (Prof. T. G.), preliminary note on traverses of the western and of the eastern Alps made during the summer of 1887, 1887, 705 ; observations on the rounding of pebbles by Alpine rivers, with a note on their bearing upon the origin of the Bunter conglomerate, 721 - on a boulder of granitoid gneiss or gneissoid granite in the Halifax Hard- bed coal, i 888, 661 - on the work of the Corresponding Societies Committee , 1889, 187 ; 1890, 55 - - - preliminary note on the alleged occurrence of fossils in the Crystalline Schists of the Lepontine Alps, 1889, 571 ; the effects of pressure on Crystal¬ line limestones, ib. - on the collection , preservation , and systematic registration of photographs of geological interest in the United Kingdom , 1890, 429 Bonwick (J.) on the extinct volcanoes of Australia, 1861, 109 - on the origin of the Tasmanians, geologically considered, 1869, 129 Boole (Prof. G.) on the differential equa¬ tion of dynamics, 1862, 3 Boole’s ‘ Laws of Thought,’ R. L. Ellis on, 1870, 12; Rev. R. Harley on, 14 - mathematical analysis of logic, Rev. Prof. Harley on, 1866, 3 Booth (Rev. Dr.) on an instrument for describing geometrical curves, invented by H. Johnston, 1862, 3 *Bore, a natural, velocity of advance of, Sir W. Thomson on, 1886, 547 * - a standing, artificial production and maintenance of, Sir W. Thomson on the, 1886, 547 Boring and tunnelling, General Haupt on the application of machinery to, 1 867, 1 5 5 - - machine, Dr. C. Le Neve Foster on Bergstroem’s, 1867, 154 Borneo , certain caves in, report of the Committee for exploring , 1879, 149; second quarterly report , by A. H. Everett - British North, W. B. Pryeron, 1886, 733 - British North, notes on the recent de¬ velopment, exploration, and commer¬ cial geography of, by A. Cook, 1889, 667 - North, fire-making in, S. B. J. Sker- tchly on, 1889, 795 - - the Dutch Indian exploring expedi¬ tion in, Carl Bock on, 1880, 661 - North, E. P. Gueritz on, 1884, 805 * - traps, on some, S. B. J. Skertchly on, 1889, 795 Borness Cave, Kirkcudbrightshire, A. R. Hunt on the, 1883, 561 Borns (Dr. H.) on the inconveniences of the present mode of quoting scientific journals, 1884, 65 *Borrowdaile series of the Coniston flags of the North of England, Profs. Hark- ness and H. A. Nicholson on the strata and fossils between the, 1876, 90 Bosanquet (R. H. M.) on the conditions of the transformation of pendulum- vibrations, with an experimental illus¬ tration, 1876, 45 Boscawen (W. St. C.) on the Hittites, 1880, 632 Boscovich’s theory, Sir W. Thomson on, 1889, 494 Bosjes pelvis, Prof. Cleland on the, 1887, 902 * - skulls, Dr. Knox on, 1876, 166 Bosnia, land tenure in, Miss Irby on, 1887, 837 Bosphorus and Dardanelles, Dr. Car¬ penter on the undercurrents of the, 1873, 41 Bos primigenius , the direct descendants of, in Great Britain, some observations on, by G. P. Hughes, 1884, 772 *Bostel (D. T.) on a modification of the earth-closet, 1872, 241 * Boswellia , Dr. Birdwood on the genus, 1869, 108 Botanical bibliography of the Lesser Antilles, by W. B. Hems ley, 1888, 438 - gardens for elementary schools, P. Sewell on, 1889, 648 - station at Peradeniya , Ceylon, report on the steps taken for estab¬ lishing a, 1887, 96; 1888, 421 ; 1889, 1 14; 1890,470 Botany, fossil researches in, by J. Spencer, 1881, 627 - of Madagascar, J. G. Baker on the, 1881, 663 - - materials of the Linnean and other herbaria, Prof. L. Radlkofer on the determination of the, 1885, 1080 * - practical instruction in, Prof. Lawson on a course of, 1873, 105 — — systematic , G. Bentham on the recent progress and present state of, 1874, 27 - teaching of, the use of graphic representations of life-histories in the, Prof. F. O. Bower on, 1885, 1057 * - the teaching of, discussion on, 1890, 853 Botany and Zoology, including Physio¬ logy, Addresses by the Presidents of the Section of : — Manchester, Prof. C. C. Babington, 1861, 137 Cambridge, Prof. T. H. Huxley, *1862 Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Prof. Balfour, 1863, 91 Bath, Dr. J. E. Gray, 1864, 75 Birmingham, Dr. T. Thomson, *1865 At the Birmingham Meeting, 1865, the title of the Section was changed to Biology. 48 GENERAL ISDEX. Bothamley (C. H.), the sulphur waters of Yorkshire, 1890, 779 _ and G. R. Thompson, the action of phosphorus trichloride on organic acids and on water, 1890, 784 JBothriolepis, G. E. Roberts on some re¬ mains of, 1863, 87 *Botly (W.) on the condition of the agricultural labourer, 1869, 179 - on the economy of large and small farms, 1870, 188 - - - on land tenure, 1871, 202 - on dwelling's for the industrial classes, 1873, 186 * - on workmen’s dwellings, from a commercial standpoint, 1874, 192; 1875, 206 - on agricultural statistics, Sec., 1875, 206; 1876, 194; 1877, 164; 1879, 472; 1880, 668; 1881, 75°; 1882, 631; 1883, 619 ; 1888, 760 ; 1889, 703 - — — on forestry, 1883, 621 - on the future of agriculture, 1887, 835 - commercial, industrial, and banking statistics, 1888, 760 *j Botrytis, the development of a sclero- tium from, Prof. H. M. Ward on, 1889, 649 Bott (Dr. W.) on a new and rapid method of testing beer and other alcoholic liquors, 1887, 660 - the determination of vapour-densi¬ ties at high temperatures and under reduced pressure, 1888, 632 _ and Prof. H. Schwarz on the deri¬ vatives and the constitution of the pyrocresols, 1887, 669 - and J. B. Miller, further researches on the pyrocresols, 1888, 642 *Bottles, D. Puseley on Thompson’s universal stopper for, 1863, 180 - machinery for the manufacture of, H. M. Ashley on, 1889, 736 *Bottomley (J. T.), determination of the conductivity of heat by water, 1876, 36 - on the effect of propellers on the steering of vessels, 1877, 200 ; 1878, 419 - on secular experiments on the elas¬ ticity of wires, 1878, 103; 1879, 39; 1880, 61 * - on the elasticity of wires, 1 880, 494 _ on loss of heat by radiation and connection, as affected by the dimen¬ sions of the cooling body, and on cool¬ ing in vacuum, 1884, 623 _ on contact electricity in common air, vacuum, and different gases, 1885, 901 ; on a specimen of almost unmag - netisable steel, 903 ; on the cooling of wires in air and in vacuum, 904 - on electrolysis in its physical and chemical hearings, 1886, 308; 1887, 336; 1888, 339; 1889, 223; 1890, 138 Bottomley (J. T.) on a mercurial air- pump, 1886, 519; on secular experi¬ ments in Glasgow on the elasticity of wires, 537 ; Sir W. Thomson’s improved Wheatstone’s rheostat, 547 ; descrip¬ tion of experiments for determining the electric resistance of metals at high temperatures, 548 - on standards for use in electrical measurements, 1887, 206 ; 1888, 55 ; 1889, 41 ; 1890, 95 - on expansion with rise of tempera¬ ture in wires under elongating stress, 1887, 620 * - and Sir A. Campbell, exhibition of Leyden jars with multiple fracture, 1889, 515 * - and Prof. Sir Wm. Thomson on the illuminating powers of incandescent vacuum lamps with measured poten¬ tials and measured currents, 1881, 559 - (W.) on the eclipsing - apparatus constructed for the lighthouse on the Holywood Bank, in Belfast Lough, 1874, 220 Boulder, a smoothed and striated, from a Pre-tertiary deposit in the Punjab salt range, Dr. W. T. Blanford on, 1886, 630 - — — striated and facetted, from Chel Hill olive conglomerate, Salt Range, Punjab, A. B. Wynne on a, 1886, 631 Boulder-clay in Caithness, C. W. Peach on the fossils of the, 1862, 83 ; 1866, 64 - of Caithness, C. W. Peach’s addi¬ tional list of fossils from the, 1864, 6r — - and Drift of Scarborough and E. Yorkshire, John Leckenbyon the, 1864, 58 - in Ireland, E. T. Hardman on some new localities for, 1874, 76 - or Till with shells, W. A. Traill on the occurrence of a lower, in the coun¬ ties of Down and Mayo, Ireland, 18 75. 83 - of Cheshire and Lancashire, some remarkable pebbles in the, Dr. C. Ricketts on, 1879, 339 - Prof. H. C. Lewis on the origin of extra-morainic, 1887, 692 * - a high level, in the Midlands, Dr. H. W. Crosskey on, 1888, 656 Boulder-clays, the formation of, and al¬ ternations of level of land and water,. Rev. J. Gunn on, 1870, 7 2 - Rev. J. Gunn on the agency of the alternate elevation and subsidence of the land in the formation of, 1871, 100 Boulder-Drift, George Maw on an exten- sive distribution of white sands and clays in North Wales, antecedent to the, 1865, 68 - Drift, Sir R. Griffith on the, andi Esker hills of Ireland, 1871, 98 GENERAL INDEX. 49 Boulders and pebbles of granite, the occurrence of, in schistose rocks in Islay, J. Thomson on, 1870, 88 - D. Milne Home on the conservation of, 1871, 107 - foreign, in coal seams, M. Stirrup on, 1887, 686 - - and glaciated rock-surfaces of the Yorkshire coast, G. W. Lamplugh on the, 1890, 797 - of Hayling Island, Prof. Prestwich on the, 1882, 529 Boulder-stones, the manj' remarkable, to be found along the eastern margin of the Wicklow Mountains, note on a few of, by Prof. E. Hull, 1887, 691 ^Boulger (D.) on Tonking and the new approach to Yunnan, 1882, 629 - - (G. S.) on the evolution of sex in the vegetable kingdom, 1876, 142 - notes on anticipatory inheritance in plants, especially with reference to the embryology of parasites, 1877, 104 Bourdillon (F. W.) on the erosion of the sea-coast between Langney ( or Lang¬ ley') Point and Beacliy Head , Sussex, 1885, 413 Bourne (Rev. A.) on the German and other systems of teaching the deaf to speak, i880, 216 - - (A. G.), report on the occupation of the table at the zoological station at Naples , 1882, 290; 1881, 254 - on the differences between the males and females of the pearly nau¬ tilus, 1883, 528 - on the modification of the trochal disc of the Rotifera, 1885, 1095 ; on budding in the Oligochaeta, 1096 * - on coral reefs, 1888, 720 * - (F. S. A.), a journey to the Im¬ perial mausolea east of Peking, 1881, 746 - (Cr. C.), an improved form of deep- sea tow-net, 1889, 624; * on the work done at the laboratory of the Marine Biological Association in the past year, 642 - (H. R. F.), our West African possessions : their economic oppor¬ tunities, and how they are abused and neglected, 1889, 702 - (S.) on the growth of population with relation to the means of subsist¬ ence, 1877, 165 - on a common measure of value in direct taxation , 1878, 220 - on the decay in the export trade of the United Kingdom, 1879, 470 - on the German and other systems of teaching the deaf to speak, 1880, 216 ; on the appointment of H.M. inspectors of elementary schools, 219; on the present appropriation of wages and sources of income, 1880, 318 ; 1881,272 ; 1882, 297 ; on the recent revival in trade, 1880, 436 Bourne (8.) on the manner in which rudimentary science should be t aught, and how examinations should be held therein, in elementary schools, 1881, 148 - on the workings of the proposed revised New Code , and of other legis¬ lation affecting the teaching of science in elementary schools, 1882, 307 ; 1883, 309 - on the taxation of alcohol, 1882, 637 - on the teaching of science in elemen¬ tary schools, 1884, 283 ; 1885, 692 ; 1886, 27S; 1887,163; 1888, 164; 1889, 131 ; 1890, 4S9 - the interdependence of the several portions of the British Empire, 1884, S51 - - on the use of index numbers in the investigation of trade statistics, 1885, 859 - - on the best methods of ascertaining and measuring variations in the value of the monetary standard, 1887, 247 ; 1888, 181 ; 1889, 133; 1890, 485 - on the statistical data available for determining the amount of the precious metals in use as money , ffc., 1888, 219; 1889,164; 1890, 498; index numbers as illustrating the progressive exports of British produce and manufactures, 1888, 536 - index numbers as applied to the statistics of imports and exports, 1889, 696 f - (W. F.) and J. Swinburne on test¬ ing iron, 1890, 753 Bousfield (E. C.) on the annelids of the genus Dero, 1885, 1097 ; *on some little known fresh-water annelids, 109S ‘ Boussole Burnier,’ F. Galton on the, 1862, 30 Bouty (E. ), criticism of Prof Jvohlrausclis memoir on the conductivity of electro¬ lytes, 1886, 339 ; sur la polarisation des electrodes et sur la conductibilite des liquides, 348; sur la conductibilite elcc- trique des dissolutions salines tres cten - dues, 350 ; on mechanical and thermal effects accompanying electrolysis, 357 - and M. Foussereau on the emq)loy- ment of alternating currents for measur¬ ing liquid resistances , 1886, 356 Bovey (Prof. H. T.) on promoting tidal observations in Canada, 1885, 33; 1886, 150; 1887, 31; 1888, 27; 1889, 27; 1890, 1S3 Bovey Basin, South Devon, the post- Miocene deposits of, W. Pengelly onr 1 S 82, 532 E 50 GENERAL INDEX. *Bovey Basin, South Devon, prehistoric remains in the deposits of the, W. Pengelly on, 1882, 607 _ _ Tracey, W. Pengelly on the source of the Miocene clays of, 1869, 99 Bowater (H.) on Bowater’s patent for manufacturing railway axles, 1870, 210 *Bowden (A.) on a new route to the source of the Niger, 1876, 18 1 Bowditch (Prof. H. P.) on vaso-motor nerves, 1884, 776 Bowdler (G. A.) on aerial navigation, 1872, 241 *Bowen (Sir George) on the advance of colonisation in N.E. Australia, 1864, 137 Bower (F. 0.) on the relations of proto¬ plasm and cell-wall in the vegetable cell, 1883, 535 __ _ on the use of graphic representa¬ tions of life-histories in the teaching of botany, 1885, 1057 _ _ on the researches on food- fishes and invertebrates at the St. Andrews marine laboratory, 1886, 268 _ on Humboldtia laurifolia as a myr- mekophilous plant, 1886, 699; on posi¬ tively geotropic shoots in Cordyline australis , ib. ; note on apospores in Polystichum angular e, var. pulcherri- mum, 700 . - on the desirability of combined action for the translation of foreign memoirs, 1887, 41 ; on the steps tahen for esta¬ blishing a botanical station at Pera- deniya , 1887, 96; 1888, 421; 1889, 1 14 ; 1890, 470 * _ on flagella of Calamus, 1887,743; *on Cramer’s gemma borne by Tricho- manes alata, 761 * _ on the morphology of the pitcher of Nepenthes, 1888, 702 * _ the meristem of ferns as a study in phytogeny, 1889, 618 _ ^notes' on Phylloglossum, 1890, 867 ; * on the question of the phy¬ togeny of ferns, ib. Bowkett’s thermograph, W. Lant Car¬ penter on, 1881, 604 Bowling Ironworks, J. Willcock on the history, progress, and description of the, 1873, 219 Bowls’s barrow, the recent exploration of, W. Cunnington on, 1886, 841 _ crania and other bones from, Dr. J. G. Garson on, 1886, 841 Bowman (Dr. F. H.), the chemistry of the cotton fibre, 1887, 641 Bowman’s (H. T.) new method of taking photographs of microscopical objects, H. B. Brady on, 1875, 163 *Bown’s tyre-fastening, B. Fothergill on, 1863, 192 Bowring (Sir John) on a uniformity of weights and measures, 1866, 352; 1867, 468; 1868,484; 1869, 308; 1870, 232; 1871, 198 ; 1872, 25 Bowring (Sir John) on productive labour in prisons, as associated with the re¬ formation of criminals, 1867, 135 - - on the moral and pecuniary results of prison labour, 1868, 156 - - on the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science and Art, 1869, 179; on penal law, as applied to prison discipline, 180 - ( J. C.) *on the direction of the elec¬ tric current, 1865, 28 ; *on the preserva¬ tion of the sheathing of ships, and ex¬ traction of silver from sea-water by means of electricity, ib. Bows, unusual coloured, observed in fogs. an account of, by P. Burton, 1884, 656 Boycott (Dr.) on the method of making gold-assays, and of stating the results thereof, 1873, 219; 1874, 127; 1875, 155 Boyd (Edward F.) on ‘ the Wash,’ a re¬ markable denudation through a por¬ tion of the coal-field of Durham, 1863, 89 * - (Dr. R.) on the measurements of the head and weight of the brain in 696 cases of insanity, 1864, 119 - (T. J.) on educational hospital re¬ form, the scheme of the Edinburgh Merchant. Company, 1871, 202 Boynton (T.) on an ancient sea-beack near Bridlington Quay, 1888, 328 : 1889, 70; 1890, 375 Boys (C. V.) on electric meters, 1882, 464 ; on the engine power meter, 67 2 - on the work of the Differential Gra¬ vity Meter Committee, 1888, 72 - (Rev. H. A.) on Greek meteorology, 1872, 53 Brabant, Dr. Phipson on the diluvial soil of, 1862, 53 Brabrook (E. W.) on the preparation of brief forms of instructions for travel¬ lers, ethnologists, $c., 1873, 482 ; 1874, 214 - on the working of the Building- Societies’ Act (1874), 1875, 206 - on the work of the Anthropometric Committee, 1878, 152 ; 1879, 175 ; 1880, 120; 1881, 225; 1882, 278; 1883, 253; 1884, 279 - on a colour scale, 1878, 582 - on obtaining photographs of the typical races in the British Isles, 1882, 270 - on the facial characteristics of the races and principal crosses in the British Isles, 1883, 306; 1884, 294 Braby (Frederick) on extraction of am¬ monia from gas-liquor, 1869, 63 Brace (Dr. De W. B.)on magnetic double circular refraction, 1885, 931 GENERAL INDEX. 51 Bracebridge (C. H.) on the Coventry Freehold Land Society, 1863, 15 1 Brachial plexus of the Cuscus, Dr. D. J. Cunningham on the, 1877, no Brachiopoda dredged in the Shetland and adjacent seas, 1868, 232 - British fossil, J. Logan Lobley on the range and distribution of the, 1868, 71 . - - hitherto obtained from the ‘ Pebble- bed ’ of Budleigh-Salterton, T. David¬ son on the, 1869, 88 - T. Davidson on the present state of our knowledge in connection with the, 1872, 99 Brachistochrones, ray-curvatures, and free paths, on the relations between, by Prof. J. D. Everett, 1889, 498 *Brachycephaly and dolichocephaly, Prof. Bolleston on the rationale of, 1877, 120 Brackish water Foraminifera, H.B. Brady on, 1870, 1 13 Bradford waterworks, C. Gott on the, 1873, 451 - A. Neill on stone-dressing in, 1873, 214 - building trades, A. Neill on the, 1873, 196 * — — Dr. Willis on the flora of the environs of, 1873, 106 - J. Hanson on educational statistics of, 1873, 189 - - savings bank, T. Haig on the East Morley and, 1873, 188 - such of the industries of. as relate to its geological position, J. Brigg on, 1873, 76 - Yorkshire, R. Russell on the geo¬ logy of the county round, 1873, 88 Bradford-on-Avon Union, W. Gee on the mode adopted at the, for the utilisa¬ tion of sewage, 1864, 28 Brading Harbour, the reclamation of, R. F. Grantham on, 1882, 669 Brady (Antonio) on flint implements from St. Acheul, near Amiens, 1861, no - [Sir A.] on the appropriation of wages and other sources of income , 1882, 297 - (George S.), report on deep-sea dredg¬ ing on the coasts of Northumberland and Durham, 1863, 189 — — on the marine cyclopoid Ento- mostraca (Calanidae), with notices of some species new to Britain, 1863, 99 ; on the zoolog37 of Hylton Dene, near Sunderland, 100 • - on the Ostracoda dredged amongst the Hebrides , 1866, 208 - list of Ostracoda from the south coast of Devon and Cornwall, by, 1869, 89 - on dredging on the coasts of Durham and North Yorkshire, 1874, 268 ; 1875, 185 Brady (Henry B.) on Foraminifera new to the British fauna, 1863, 100 - on the Foraminifera of the Middle and Upper Lias of Somersetshire, 1864, 50 - on the rhizopodal fauna of the Hebrides, 1866, 69 - - on the Foraminifera of mineral veins and the adjacent strata , 1869, 381 - notes on brackish water Foramini¬ fera, 1870, 1 13 - on Ar chce, discus Karr eri, a new type of Carboniferous Foraminifera, 1873, 76 - - on a new method of taking photo¬ graphs of microscopical objects, de¬ vised by Mr. H. T. Bowman, 1875, 163 - - on the definition of the term ‘British, ’ as applied to the marine fauna and flora of our islands, 1887, 95 Braham (P.) on a set of lenses for the accurate correction of visual defect, 1871, 37 ; on the crystallisation of metals by electricity, 67 ; on an appa¬ ratus for working torpedoes, 229 - on experiments on light with circu¬ larly ruled plates of glass, 1873, 36 ■ — ^further experiments on light with circularly ruled plates of glass, 1874, 25 ; *011 a mode of producing spectra on a screen with the oxyhydrogen flame, 56 - - - ^experiments on magnetised rings, plates, and disks of hardened steel, 1875, 28; *some further experiments on crystallisation of metals by elec¬ tricity, 38 - - - ^experiments illustrative of the flight of projectiles, 1877, 40; *011 the explosive character of a mixture of magnesium and potassium chlorate, 5 1 - on large crystals of mercury sul¬ phate, 1879, 293 ; description of a glass burette for collecting, measuring, and discharging gas over mercury, 325 - - *on a new mode of illuminating microscopic objects, 1880, 502 ; *on an instrument for the detection of polar¬ ised light, ib. ; *on crystals of mer¬ cury, 544 ; note on silver sulphate, 550 - - on the production of crystals by the action of metals in carbon disulphide in sealed tubes, 1881, 589 - - - on the action of currents of air between plates, 1883, 447 * - apparatus for demonstrating the explosion of nitro-glycerine, 1887, 672 - the action of magnetism on photo¬ graphic plates, 1889, 519 ; the physical and chemical constitution of comets and meteorites, 520 ; a spectroscope without a lens, 544 E 2 52 GENERAL INDEX. Braham (P.) and J. W. Gatehouse on the dissociation of nitric acid, 1874, 55 Brahmaputra , the Upper Irarvadi , and the Yang-tse- Kiang, repoH of a Com¬ mittee on the desirability of an explo¬ ration being made of the distmct be¬ tween the, 1868, 430 - or Tsanpo, the lower course of the, Lieut.-Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen on, 1877, 144 - river, the upper course of the, C. E. D. Black on, 1879, 433 Brain (F.), electricity as applied to mining, 1888, 815 ^Brain’s system of mining by means of boring-machinery, dynamite, and elec¬ tric blasting, S. Davis on, 1873, 213 *Brain of an aboriginal Australian, Prof. A. Macalister on the, 1886, 692 - arteries of the base of the, Prof. B. C. A. Windle on, 1887, 753 - convolutions of the, T. S. Prideaux on the occasional definition of the, on the exterior of the head, 1869, 225 - development of the, in the different races of man, Robert Dunn on the influence of civilisation upon the, 1865, 119 * - disturbance, some effects of, on the handwriting, Dr. W. H. Stone on, 1883, 544 - in extinct animals, the size of the, Prof. 0. C. Marsh on, 1885, 1065 - functions and human character, the relations between, B. Hollander on, 1889, 792 *- — — growth, the influence of domestica¬ tion on, W. F. C. Browne on, 1879, 404 - heart and, Dr. J. M. Fothergill on, 1873, 127 - localisation of function in the, Prof. D. Ferrier on the, 1873, 126 - localisation of function in the cortex of the, the evidence of comparative anatomy with regard to, A. Hill on, 1885, 1054 - - in man and quadrumana, Prof. Owen on the, 1862, 1 16 - mammalian, R. Garner on the, 1861, 166 - marginal convolution of the, Y. Horsley and Prof. E. A. Schafer on the functions of the, 1884, 777 - the morphology of, and the function of hearing, preliminary notice of an inquiry into, by Prof. J. Cleland, 1874, 141 - of a Negro, Robert Garner on the, 1869, 132 - skull-sutures in connection with the superficies of the, Robert Garner on the, 1862, 126 - the topography of the, in relation to the external surface of the head, a new method of illustrating, by Prof. Fraser, 1889, 794 Brain, weight of the, Dr. Edwards Crisp on the relative, and on the external form of this organ, in relation to the intelligence of the animal, 1865, 84 *Brains of insane people, Dr. Tuke and Prof. Rutherford on morbid appear¬ ances noticed in the, 1871, 144 *Brake problem, J. Steel on the, 1876, 233 - railway, James Higgin on a sledge, 1861, 262 - the simplex, W. B. Marshall on, 1890, 950 Brakes, the effect of, on railway trains, general results of experiments on fric¬ tion at high velocities made in order to ascertain, Capt. D. Galton on, 1879, 508 Bramwell (F. J.) on weldless tyres, circular rolling, and railway wheels, 1865, 173 - on steam-boiler explosions , 1869, 47 ; 1870, 1 ; 1871, 166; 1872, 57 - on agricultural machinery , 1869, 404 ; on the influence of form considered in relation to the strength of railway axles and other portions of machinery subjected to rapid alternations of strain, 422 - account of some experiments upon a ‘ Carr disintegrator ’ at work at Messrs. Gibson & Walker's flour-mills, 1871, 229 - on instruments for measuring the speed of ships and currents , 1872, 176; on claims for reward for inventions adopted' by Government , 243 ; report on Amsler' s planimeter , 401 — — - Address to the Mechanical Section, 1872, 227; 1884, 875 - - on dynamical and electrical units, 1873, 222 ; 1874, 255 - - on the treatment and utilisation of sewage, 1873, 413 ; 1874, 200 ; 1875, 65 ; 1876, 225 - on science lectures and organisation, 1873, 495, 507 - on Huggett’s system of manufac¬ turing horse-nails, 1873, 210 - on instruments for measuring the speed of ships, 1874, 255; 1878, 219; 1879, 210 - on the circulation of underground waters, 1875, 114 - on the water supply of London, 1877, 173; *on the circulation of hot water in buildings, 201 - on the use of steel for structural purposes, 1878, 157 ■ - on secular experiments on the elas¬ ticity of wires, 1878, 103; 1879, 33; 1880, 61 - on patent legislation, 1878, 157; GENERAL INDEX. 53 1879,223; 1880,318; 1881,222; 1882, 310; 1883,316; 1884, 293; 1885,695 Bkamwell [Sir F. J.] on some of the developments of mechanical engineering during the last half- century , 1881, 494 - on the best means of ascertaining the effective wind pressures to which buildings and structures are exposed , *1881, 779 ; 1882, 315 * - on the Society of Arts Patent Bill, 1881, 780 - on the determination of a gauge for the manufacture of various small screws, 1882, 31 1; 1883, 318; 1884, 287 - *on an arithmetical model, 1882, 478 ; on compressed air as applied to locomotion, 666 ; an apparatus for re¬ cording the results of experiments with railway brakes, 677 - on the endurance of metals under repeated and varying stresses, and the proper working stresses on railway bridges , Sgc., 1886, 284; 1887, 424 — — - on the advisability and possibility of establishing in other parts of the country observations upon the prevalence of earth tremors similar to those now being made in Durham, 1888, 522 — — Presidential Address to the Associa¬ tion at Bath, 1888, 3 - - (H.), notes on the coast between the rivers Tyne and Wear, 1888, 905 - (Lord), Address to the Section of Economic Science and Statistics, 1888, 749 Branchipus or Cliirocephalus in a fossil state, the occurrence of, in the upper part of the Fluvio-marine series (Middle Eocene) at Gurnet and Thor- ness Bays, near Cowes, Isle of Wight, H. Woodward on, 1877, 78 Brandis (Dr.) on the geographical dis¬ tribution of forests in India, 1872, 205 Brandon (Raphael), some statistics of railways in their relation to the public, 1869, 180 Branfill (Col. B. R.), notes on the physiography of Southern India, 1885, 1124 Brass, Dr. J. D. Everett on the results of experiments on the rigidity of, 1867, 153 - and copper, the electro-deposition of, W. H. Walenn on, 1870, 67 Brassey (T.) on combinations of capital and labour, 1875, 146 Brayley (E. W.), report on observations of luminous meteors , 1862, 1 ; 1863, 209; 1864, 1 ; 1865, 57; 1866, 16; 1867, 2S8; 1868, 344; 1869, 216 - inferences and suggestions in cos- mical and geological philosophy , new theory of the origin and formation of meteorites, 1865, 132 ^Brazil, G. R. Rumney on a coal-field in, 1865, 73 - the Rev. C. G. Nicolay on the geo¬ logy of the Chapada Diamantina, in the province of Bahia, 1868, 74 - C. Mackenzie on, 1885, 1105 - the physical geographical features of, in relation to their influence upon the development, or otherwise, of the industrial and commercial interests of the country, J. W. Wells on, 1890, 893 - the valley of the Rio Doce, W. J. Steains on, 1887, 804 *Bread plants, the geography of, M. Michelsen on, 1862, 196 Brearey (F. W.) on aerial navigation, suggested by Mr. Glaisher’s late bal¬ loon ascents, 1865, 17 * - on flight and its imitations, 1879, 292 - on artificial flight, 1881, 545 *Breech-loading firearms, C. F. Dennet on, 1872, 242 - small arms, A. Wylie on the pro¬ gress of invention in, during the past twenty years, 1872, 252 Breguet (A. N.), notes of experiments on the electric currents produced by the Gramme magneto-electric machine, 1874, 33 *Brewer (F.), underground electrical work in America, 1887, 882 Brewing in Japan, Prof. R. W. Atkinson on, 1881, 585 Brewster (Sir David) on photographic micrometers, 1861, 28 ; on the com¬ pensation of impressions moving over the retina, 29 ; on the optical study of the retina, ib. ; on binocular lustre, ib. ■ - meteorological and physical observa¬ tions in three balloon ascents made in 1865 and 1866, 1866, 367 - on the alleged correspondence be¬ tween Pascal and Newton, 1867, 1 ; on figures of equilibrium of liquid films, 6 ; on the colours of the soap- bubble, ib. ; notice respecting the enamel photographs executed b}r Mr. M‘Raw, 8 ; on the motion and colours upon films of alcohol, volatile oils, and other fluids, ib. ; on the radiant spectrum, ib. ; on a hay-stack struck by lightning, 19 Bridge (R.) on the great earthquake at Mendoza (March 20, 1861), 1861, 187 - (Prof.) on the herds of wild cattle in Chartley Park and other parks in Great Britain, 1887, 135 Bridge, cantilever, T. C. Clarke and C. Macdonald on the Louisville and New Albany, 1886, 799 - design, mechanical pathology con- 54 GENERAL INDEX sidered in its relation to, by G. H. Thomson, 1888, 793 Bridge foundations, T. Page on, 1863, 176 * — — suspension, A. S. Hallidie on an improved, 1867, 155 *Bridges (F.), new views of craniology, 1870, 144 Bridges, J. Clerk Maxwell on the theory of diagrams of forces as applied to roofs and, 1867, 156 Bridgman (Dr. W. Kenceley) on electro¬ lysis in the mouth, 1868, 112 - on voltaic electricity in relation to physiology, 1869, 119 Bridlington, note by J. Gwyn Jeffreys on the so-called Crag of, 1874, 83 - and Dimlington glacial shell-beds, G. W. Lamplugh on the, 1881, 616 - Quay, J. W. Davis on an ancient sea-beach near, containing mammalian remains, 1887, 694 - report on an ancient sea-beach near , 1888, 328; 1889, 70; 1890, 375 Brierley (J. T.) on some new vanadium compounds, 1885, 968 Brigg (Henry, jun.) on the occurrence of flint implements in the gravel of the Little Ouse valley at Thetford and elsewhere, 1866, 50 - (John) on the Labyrintliodonts of the Coal Measures , 1873, 225 - on such of the industries of Brad¬ ford as relate to its geological position, 1873, 76 - on the structure and classification of the Labyrintliodonts , 1874, 149 - on the exploration of the Hayyill fissure, in Lotliersdale , Yorkshire , 1883, ‘133 ; 1884, 240 *Briggs (R.) on the system of dredging usually employed in the United States, 1878, 713 * - (T. H.), the draught of horses, 1889, 754 Bright (Sir Charles) on the formation of standards of electrical quantity and resistance, 1861, 37 - report on standards of electrical resistance, 1863, 111 ; 1864, 345; 1865, 308; 1867,474; 1869,434; 1870, 14 - (H.) on London street tramways, 1868, 189 Brighton, Dr. J. H. Gladstone and G. Gladstone on an aluminous mineral from the Upper Chalk near, 1861, 79 - waterworks, Edward Easton on the, 1872, 395 - - - J. Howell on the minerals lately found in the drainage works at, 1872, 108; on Super-cretaceous formations in the neighbourhood of, 109 - - intercepting and outfall sewers, J. G. Gamble on the, 1872, 245 *Brin (Messrs.), exhibition and descrip¬ tion of the apparatus employed in obtaining oxygen and nitrogen from the atmosphere ; description of the method used in converting atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, 1885, 977 Brindley (W.), account of a recent visit to the ancient porphyry quarries of Egypt, 1887, 801 - - on the marbles and other ornamental rocks of the Mediterranean, 1890, 809 *Brine (Commander Lindesay) on the eruption at Santorin, and its present condition, 1866, 107 - on the past and present inhabitants of the Cyrenaica, 1868, 131 - - [Captain L.] on the ruined cities of Central America, 1871, 75 Bristol, Henry W. Bristow on the Rhaetic (or Penarth) beds of the neighbourhood of, 1864, 50 - coal-field, W. Sanders on a geological map of the, 1864, 68 - coal-field, statistics relative to the, by Handel Cossham, 1864, 164 ■ - coal-field, the northern end of the, H. Cossham, E. Wethered, and W. Saise on, 1875, 64 - drainage of the city and county of, F. Ashmead on the, 1875, 240 * - joint station, F. Fox on the, 1875, 248 - Port and Channel dock, at Avon- mouth, near Bristol, J. Brunlees on the, 1875, 244 - 1875, some account of the manu¬ facture and refining of sugar in, by H. T. Chamberlain, 1875, 39 - sugar trade in, H. T. Chamberlain on the rise and progress of the, 1875, 209 * - the tobacco trade of, T. Davey on, 1875, 40 - - - the manufacture of sole-leather in, S. Evans on, 1875, 41 * - tanning of sole-leather in, S. Evans on the, 1875, 209 - trade and commerce of the city and port of, L. Bruton on the, 1875, 207 Bristow (Henry W.) on the Rhietic (or Penarth) beds of the neighbourhood of Bristol and the S.W. of England, 1864, 50 Britain, degeneration of race in, Dr. Beddoe on, 1871, 148 — — - manners and customs of the early inhabitants of, J. S. Phene on some indications of the, 1871, 159 - - - conquest of, the light thrown by the exploration of caves on the, by Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins, 1882, 607 - in pre-Roman-British times, Dr. J. S. Phene on an unidentified people occupj’ing parts of, 1890, 974 Britannia and Hibernia, the names, with GENERAL INDEX. 55 their Iberian relations, Hyde Clarke on, 1882, 604 British agriculture, the position and prospects of, Prof. W. Fream on, 1884, 847 - - Association Catalogue of Stars, the Rev. R. Main on the, 1869, 19 - - Lieut.-Col. Strange on the duty of the, with respect to the distri¬ bution of its funds, 1872, 63 - standards of electrical resist¬ ance , 1862, 125 ; 1863, m ; 1864,345 ; 1865, 308 ; 1867, 474 ; 1869, 434 ; 1870, 142 - - - units of electrical resistance , results of a comparison of the , by Cl. Chrystal and S. A. Sounder, 1876, 13 - standard gauge for small screws, E. Rigg on the, 1885, 1203 - standard screw gauge, W. H. Preece on the, 1887, 884 - and Canadian agriculture, by Prof. J. P. Sheldon, 1884, 847 ■ - Columbia, Viscount Milton and Dr. Cheadle on an expedition across the Rocky Mountains into, 1864, 141 - P. N. Compton on the coast of, 1867, 114 - D. R. King on the natives of Vancouver’s Island and, 1869, 225 • - sketch of the geology of, by G. M. Dawson, 1880, 588 - the ethnology and the Indians of, see ‘North-western Tribes’ - commerce, the progress of, in a generation, E. J. Watherston on, 1881, 763 - Empire in North America and in Australasia, W.Westgarth on the, 1884, 835 - the interdependence of the several portions of the, S. Bourne on, 1884, 851 - fossil corals, Dr. P. Martin Duncan on, 1868, 171 ; 1869, 150; 1871, 1 16 ; list of TeHiary and Secondary , 1869, 168 * - Guiana, W. Harper on the natives of, 1876, 165 - Islands, Rev. J. Brodie on recent geological changes in the, 1868, 60 - Isles, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on the distribution of fog around the, 1861, 57 - G. J. Symons on the rainfall in the , 1862, 293 ; 1864, 367 ; 1865, 192; Report, 1866, 281; 1868, 432; 1870, 170; 1871, 98; 1872, 176; 1873, 257; 1874, 75; 1875, 91 ; 1876, 172 - G. M. Whipple on the passage of squalls across the, 1873, 44 - - the relations between the geo¬ logical constitution and the magnetic state of the, Profs. A. W. Rucker and T. E. Thorpe on, 1889, 586 British marine fauna, and flora, definition of the area of the , report on the, 1887, 95 ■ - - mineral and thermal maters, a list of works referring to, by W. H. Dalton, i888, 859 - Museum, Andrew Murray on the future administration of the Natural History Collections in the, 1867, 94 * - navy, Captain B. Pirn on, 1883, 657 - race in Australia, Dr. MacLaurin on, 1889, 786 * - shipping and the tonnage laws, Captain B. Pirn on, 1881, 780 * - standard of value, the, D. Horton on, 1885, 1172 * - tumuli and monuments in the Hebrides and on the western coast of Scotland, J. S. Phene on a recent examination of, with suggestive infer¬ ences, 1870, 237 *Brittain (D. VV.) on the development of Cysticercus, 1864, 191 - (W. H.) on the present appropriation of wages and sources of income, 1880, 318 ; 1881, 272 *Brittany, Lower, Dr. P. Broca on the anthropology of, 1866, 96 - denudation of Western, G. A. Lebour on the, 1869, 95 - granites of Lower, G. A. Lebour on some, 1869, 96 Brixham, W. Pengelly on a new bone- cave at, 1861, 123 * - Cavern, W. Pengelly on a recent notice of, 1875, 177 - Bench Cavern, recent researches in, by W. Pengelly, 1887, 710 Broads of East Norfolk, R. B. Grantham on the, having reference to the water- supply, stowage, and drainage, 1868, 191 *Broca (Dr. P.) on the anthropology of Lower Brittany, 1866, 96 * - on the seat and faculty of articu¬ late languages, 1868, 120 Brockenhurst bed, the outcrop of the, near Lyndhurst, E. B. Tawney on, 1882, 540 Brodie (Sir Benjamin C.) on scientific evidence in courts of law, 1866, 456 - (Rev. James) on the physical con¬ dition of the earth in the earlier epochs of its history, 1863, 67 - on recent geological changes in the British Islands, 1868, 60 - on the action of ice in what is usually termed the Glacial Period, 1875, 63 - (Rev. P. B.) on two outliers of Lias in S. Warwickshire, and on the presence of the Rlimtic bone-bed at Knowle, its furthest northern extension hitherto recognised in that county, 1864, 52 - on a section of Lower Lias at Har- 56 GENERAL INDEX. bury, near Leamington, 1865, 48; on the fossiliferous beds of the New Red Sandstone (Upper and Lower Keuper) in Warwickshire, ib. ; on t wo new species of corals in the Lias of Warwickshire, 49 ; on the drift in part of Warwick¬ shire, and on the evidence of glacial action which it affords, ib. Brodie (Rev. P. B.) on the correlation of the Lower Lias at Barrow-on-Soar, Leicestershire, with the same strata in Warwick-, Worcester-, and Gloucester- shires, and on the occurrences of the remains of insects at Barrow, 1866, 51 - - on the further extension of the Rhaetic or Penarth beds in Warwick¬ shire, Leicestershire, Nottinghamshire, Yorkshire, and Cumberland ; and on the occurrence of some supposed re¬ mains of a new Labyrinthodon and a new Radiate therein, 1875, 64 - - on the discovery of fossil tish in the New Red Sandstone (Upper Keuper) in Warwickshire, 1886, 629 ; on the range, extent, and fossils of the Rhaetic formation in Warwickshire, ib. *Bromacetic acid, Prof. Crum Brown on the action of sulphide of methyl on, 1873, 63 JBromal hydrate , B. TP. Richardson on the physiological action of, \ 1871, 150 BROME (Capt. F.), report on the recent explorations in the Gibraltar caves, 1867, 56 Bromide of ethyl , B. IF. Richardson on the physiological action of, 1870, 165 Bromides of lithium, zinc, and lead, Dr. G. D. Gibb on the therapeutic action of, 1864, 123 ^Bromine, Dr. Phipson on sponges as a source of, 1865, 34 - action of heat on, Dr. Andrews on the, 1871, 66 - the action of, on the trichloride of phosphorus; A. L. Stern on, 1886, 577 - commercial, Dr. T. L. Phipson on the presence of cyanogen in, and a means of detecting it, 1874, 66 • - refraction- and dispersion- equiva¬ lents of, J. H. Gladstone on the, 1866, 37 Bromo-iodide of mercury, Dr. A. Oppen- heim on, 1869, 72 Bronchial syrinx of the Cuculidae and Caprimulgidae, F. E. Beddard on the, 1885, 1101 Brontops robustus , restoration of, from the Miocene of America, by Prof. O. C. Marsh, 1888, 706 Bronze age of society, John Crawfurd on the supposed, 1864, 143 - age in Western and Northern Europe, Thomas Wright on the true assignation of the bronze weapons, &c., supposed to indicate a, 1865, 13 1 *Bronze implements, certain discoveries of, in and about Leeds, J. Holmes on, 1881, 703 - manganese , P. M. Parsons on, 1883, 378 - socketed spears, exhibition of four, probably ancient, from China, by Prof. T. McK. Hughes, 1881, 701 *Brook (G.), the morphology of the Anti- patharia, 1889, 642 Brooke (Charles) on mapping the sur¬ face of the moon, 1867, 1 ; 1868, 1 1 ‘1869, 76 - . on the rainfall in the British Isles, 1866, 281 ; 1867, 448; 1868, 432 ; 1869, 383; 1870, 170; 1871, 98; 1872, 176; 1873, 257; 1874, 75; 1875, 91: 1876, 172 - on luminous meteors , 1867, 288 ; 1868, 344; 1869, 216; 1870, 76: 1871, 26; 1872, 57; 1874, 269; 1875, 199; 1876, 1 19 ; 1877, 98; 1878, 258; 1879r 76 - — — on the influence of annealing 011 crystalline structure, 1869, 21 - queries respecting rether, 1870, 36 - (H. G.) and E. O. Hopwood on the changes of the circulation which are induced when the blood is expelled from the limbs by Esmarch’s method, 1876, 147 * - (Sir Y.) on certain osteological characters in the Cervidae, and their probable bearings on the past history of the group, 1878, 559 Broome (C. E.) on a recently discovered species of Myxogaster, 1869, 108 Brough (J.) on earthquakes in Scotland , 1871, 197; 1872,240; 1873, 194; 1874, 241 ; 1875, 64 ; 1876, 74 Broun (John Allan) on the supposed connection between meteorological phenomena and the variations of the earth’s magnetic force, 1861, 49 *Brown (A.), observations of the rainfall of Arbroath, 1867, 19 - on the mean temperature of Ar¬ broath, 1871, 50 - - (A. B.) on hydraulic machinery for steering, stopping, and working heavy steam-engines, 1870, 21 1 * - on a direct-acting combined steam and hydraulic crane, 1871, 231 * - on a flanging-iron and steel plates for boiler purposes, 1S76, 219; on an engine for starting and reversing large marine engines, ib. - (Prof. A. Crum), remarks on the calculus of chemical operations, 1867, 3i * - - on the connection between che¬ mical constitution and physiological activity, 1868, 113 - on the connection between chemical GENERAL INDEX 57 constitution and physiological action , 1869, 209 Brown (Prof. A. Crum) on chemical nomenclature, 1872, 69 - - on the determination of high tem¬ peratures by refracted, rays , 1873, 461 ; on science lectures and organisation , 495. 507 * - on the action of sulphide of methyl on bromacetic acid, 1873, 63 - Address to the Chemical Section, 1874, 45 ; *on the mode of writing che¬ mical equations, 56 ; *on some points in the physiology of the semicircular canals of the ear, 138 * - - on the action of pentachloride of phosphorus on turpentine, 1876, 62 - on chemical nomenclature, 1883, 127 ; 1884, 39 ; 1885, 262 - on mailing meteorological observa¬ tions on Ben Nevis , 1883, 125; 1884, 36; 1885, 90; 1886, 58; 1887, 34; 1888, 49; 1889, 315 ; 1890, 174 * - on kinetic theories of matter, 1885, 904 - on electrolysis in its physical and chemical bearings, 1886, 30S ; 1887, 336; 1888, 339; 1889, 223; 1890, 138 * - and Dr. E. A. Letts on methyl- thetine, 1874, 56 - (Colin), true intonation, illustrated by the voice-harmonium with natural finger-board, 1876, 46 - (Dr. C.) on the International Forestry Exhibition, 1885, 1164 - (D. J.) on the Silurian rocks of the South of Scotland, 1871, 93 ; on the Upper Silurian rocks of the Pent- land Hills and Lesmahago, ib. *■ - (E.) on the Drift deposit on the Weaver Hills, 1866, 51 - (F. D.) on molecular attraction, 1881, 592 - - (Bev. G.), * New Britain, 1886, 731; Papuans and Polynesians, 842; the life-history of a savage, 844 - (G. C.), the apatite deposits of the province of Quebec, 1881, 716 - (John) on the destruction of town refuse, 1884, 896 - (J.) on the theory of voltaic action, 1878, 498 - on a new electrometer, and some preliminary experiments on voltaic action, 1881, 562 - on electrolysis in its physical and, chemical bearings, 1887, 336; 1888, 339; 1889, 223; 1890, 138 “ - on figures produced by electric action on photographic dry plates, 1888, 565 _ - discussion on lightning conductors, 1888, 609 Brown (J. A. H.) on the migration of birds, 1881, 189 - - (J. Campbell) on the chemical com¬ position of the bones of general paralytics, 1870, 51 * - (Dr. J. C.) on the desiccation of South Africa, 1872, 207 - on the physical geography of South Africa, and products and prospects of the Cape of Good Hope, 1875, 189 ; on the late inundations in France, ib. ; on South- African torrential floods, 190 * - (J. H.) on refraction and solar spots, 1872, 36 - (J. T.) on anthracene-testing, 1876, 62 - an historical sketch of the vari¬ ous vapour-density methods, 1879, 304 - on the orthophote, 1890, 778 - (R.), explorations in the interior of Vancouver Island, 1865, 116 - on the physical geography of the Queen Charlotte Islands, 1868, 133; on the formation of fiords, canons, benches, prairies, and inter¬ mittent rivers, 134 - on the elevation and depression of the Greenland coast, 1869, 85 ; on the mammalian fauna of North - west America, 109 - geological notes on the Noursoak peninsula and Disco Island, in North Greenland, 1871, 94; on the flora of Greenland, 128 ; on the geographical distribution of the floras of North¬ west America, ib. ; on the interior of Greenland, 175 t — — (Capt. R. H.), the Bahr Yusuf, 1887, 801 - (Samuel), report on the unifor¬ mity of weights and measures , 1863, 102; 1864, 102; 1865, 375; 1866, 352 ; 1867,468; 1868,484; 1869, 308 ; 1870, 232; 1871, 198 ; 1872, 25 ; 1874, 359 - on the rates of mortality and mar¬ riage amongst Europeans in India, 1864, 163 - - - Address to the Section of Economic Science and Statistics, 1868, 144 - on the measurement of man and his faculties, 1871, 210 - on the economic effects of combina¬ tions of labourers and capitalists , 1874, 266 - - (S.), three months in Cyprus, 1879, 450 - on locusts in Cyprus, 1888, 716 * - (Thomas) on the application of the Greek and Latin languages to scientific nomenclature, 1866, 70 * - (Rev Thomas) on specimens of fossil wood from the base of the Lower Carboniferous rocks at Langton, Ber¬ wickshire, 1871, 128 58 GENERAL INDEX. Brown (William) on the claims of ar¬ boriculture as a science, 1867, 79 ; 1868, 90 *- — — (Prof.) on the application of scien¬ tific and practical arboriculture in Canada, 1884, 855 - and Cordeaux’s (Messrs.) method of obtaining systematic observa¬ tions of the migration of birds at lighthouses and lightships, A. Newton on, 1880, 605 Brown-Sequard (Dr.) * on various alterations of nutrition due to nervous influence, 1870, 134; * on apparent transmission of abnormal conditions due to accidental causes, ib. Browne (Sir B.), apprenticeship in the engineering and shipbuilding trades, 1889, 709 - (Rev. G. F.) on the prismatic for¬ mation of ice in certain ice-caves and glaciers, 1864, 24, *52 - (R. G. M.), as to certain alterations in the surface-level of the sea off the south coast of England, 1890, 824 ■ - (R. S.) on the relative distances of the planets from the sun, 1863, 5 - (Thomas) on the transfer of real property, 1866, 124 * - (W. F. C.) on the influence of domestication on brain-growth, 1879, 404 - (W. R.) on Roberts’s patent com¬ municator for railway trains, 1875, 243 - on the resistance of beams when strained beyond the elastic limit, 1883, 648 Browning (J.) on a new form of spec¬ troscope, in which direct vision is ob¬ tained with a single prism, 1864, 9 - on some recent improvements in astronomical telescopes with silvered glass specula, 1866, 22 - on an induction coil especially arranged for use in spectrum analysis, 1870, 25 ; on a spectroscope in which the prisms are automatically adjusted for the minimum angle of deviation for the particular ray under examina¬ tion, 52 Bruce (Rev. W. S.) on the flora of Banffshire, 1885, 1087 Bruff (P. S.) on the erosion of the sea- coast from the Deb en to the Colne, 1886, 851 Brunel (H. M.) on instruments for mea¬ suring the speed of ships, 1874, 255 ; 1878, 219 ; 1879, 210 Brunlees (J.) on the Bristol Port and Channel dock at Avonmoutli, near Bristol, 1875, 244 - Address to the Mechanical Sec¬ tion, 1883, 635 Brunlees (J.) on patent legislation, 1884, 293 ; 1885, 695 Brunton (Dr. L.) on physiological re¬ searches on the nature of cholera, 1873, 124 - on intestinal secretion and move¬ ment, 1874, 54; 1875, 339; 1876, 308 Bruton (L.) on the trade and commerce of the city and port of Bristol, 1875, 207 Bryan (G. H.), the buckling of plates, 1890, 742 ; on the pulsations of a ro¬ tating bell, 743 Bryce (J.) on earthquakes in Scotland, 1870,48; 1871, 197; 1872, 240; 1873, 194; 1874,241; 1875,64; 1876, 74 - on the matrix of the gold found in the Scottish gold-fields, 1870, 70 * - on certain fossils from the Durine limestone, N.W. Sutherland, 1871, 94 - on fossils from Portli-western Scot¬ land, 1873, 412 ; 1874, 74 - on erratic blocks or boulders, 1873, 188 - - - on the granite of Strath- Errick, Lough Ness, 1876, 87 * - on the earthquake districts of Scotland, 1876, 88 Bryham (W.), observations of under¬ ground temperature, 1870, 30 Bryozoa, Cyclostomatous, from Australia, A. W. Waders on, 1885, 660 - fossil Cheilostomatous, from Aldinga and the river Murray cliffs, South Australia, 1885, 664 - - - See Polyzoa Bryson (Alexander) on the aqueous ori¬ gin of granite, 1861, no - - on artificially produced quartzites, 1863, 67 Buccleuch (the Duke of), * Presidential Address at Dundee, 1867 ; on agricul¬ tural machinery , 1869, 404 Buchan (Alex.) on the great movements of the atmosphere, 1870, 167 - on the rainfall of Scotland, 1871, 232 *- - - on the rainfall of the northern hemisphere in July, as contrasted with that of January, with remarks on at¬ mospheric circulation, 1871, 232 ; on the great heat of August 2nd-4th, 1868, ib. - on the rainfall of the British Isles, 1872, 176; 1873, 257 - on the deep-water temperatures of Lochs Lomond, Katrine, and Tay, 1872, 207 - on the influence of forests on the rainfall, 1873, 4S8 ; on science lectures and organisation, 507 - *on the isothermals of the British Isles, 1881, 544; *on the diurnal period of hailstorms, ib. - on making meteorological observations GENERAL INDEX. 59 on Ben Nevis, 1883, 125; 1884, 36; 1885, 90; 1886, 58; 1887, 34; 1888, 49; 1889, 315; 1890, 174 Buchan (Ales.) on the meteorology of Ben Nevis, 1885, 917 ; the annual rain¬ fall of the British Islands, 923 - - on the depth of the permanently frozen soil in the Polar regions , 1886, 271 ; 1887, 152; on the combination of the Ordnance and Admiralty surveys, and the production of a bathy-hypso- graphical map of the British Isles, 1886, 277 ; 1887, 160 - on the marine biological station at Granton , 1888, 319; on arranging an investigation of the seasonal variations of temperature in lakes, rivers, and estuaries, 1888, 326 ; 1889, 44 ; 1890, 92 - on the collection and identification of meteoric dust, 1889, 34 Buchanan (Prof. A.) on the pressure of the atmosphere as an auxiliary force in caiuying on the circulation of the blood, 1871, 137 — — - (J. Y.) on the rate of action of caustic soda on a watery solution of chloracetic acid at 100° C., 1871, 67 - *on some instruments used in the ‘ Challenger,’ 1876, 63 ; *011 the specific gravity of the surface-water of the ocean as observed during the cruise of H.M.S. ‘Challenger,’ 181 ; *011 a new deep-sea thermometer, ib. - on manganese nodules, and their occurrence on the sea-bottom, 1881, 583 - ^oceanic islands and shoals, 1885, 1136; *the depth and temperature of some Scottish lakes, 1138 — ■ on the depth of the permanently frozen soil in the Polar regions, 1886, 271 ; 1887, 152; on the combination of the Ordnance and Admiralty surveys, and the production of a bathy-liypso- graphical map of the British Isles, 1886, 277 ; 1887, 160 * - telegraphic enterprise and deep sea research on the west coast of Africa, 1886, 731 - - on arranging an investigation of the seasonal variations of temperature in lakes, rivers, and estuaries, 1888, 326 ; 1889, 44; 1890, 92 Buchheim (A.), note on the general theory of anharmonics, 1887, 607 Bucke (E. W.) on the geysers of the Rotorua district, North Island of New Zealand, 1886, 644 Buckland (Miss A. W.) on the serpent in connection with primitive me¬ tallurgy, 1873, 140 - on rhabdomancy and bellomancy, 1875, 170 ■ - on primitive agriculture, 1876, 164 Buckland (Miss A. W.), ethnological hints afforded by the stimulants of the ancient and modern savages, 1877, - on the prehistoric monuments of Cornwall as compared with those of Ireland, 1878, 578 - on surgery and superstition in Neolithic times, 1880, 630 — — notes on the geographical distribu¬ tion of mankind, 1881, 695 - on the city of the Tarquins, 1882, 609 - on three golden cups, 1883, 565 - on facts suggestive of prehistoric intercourse between east and west, 1884, 916 - on American shell-work and its affinities, 1885, 1214 - on tattooing, 1887, 904 — — on necklaces in relation to pre¬ historic commerce, 1888, 849; on the monument known as ‘ King Orry’s Grave ’ compared with tumuli in Gloucestershire, 854 - (Frank) on the natural history and cultivation of the oyster, 1864, 89 ; on salmon-hatching and salmon-ladders, 90 - - report on the cultivation of oysters by natural and artificial methods, 1865, n J - - - on oyster cultivation, 1866, 70; on the scientific cultivation of a salmon river, 71 - on the progress of oyster and salmon cultivation in England, 1868, 90 - on the practicability of establishing a '■close time' for the protection of in¬ digenous animals, 1869, 91 * - on the salmon rivers of Devon and Cornwall, and how to improve them, 1869, hi Bucklandium diluvii , Konig, a siluroid fish from the London clay of Sheppey, A. S. Woodward on, 1888, 679 Buckling of plates, G. H. Bryan on the, 1890, 742 Buckman (James) on the ennobling of roots, with particular reference to the parsnip, 1862, 97 ; experiments with seed of malformed roots, ib. - on a curious form of Aquilcgia vulgaris, 1864, 86 ; on Batura stramo¬ nium and Batura tatula, 87 Buckmaster (J. C.) on the progress of instruction in elementary science among the industrial classes under the Science minutes of the Department of Science and Art, 1862, 150 Buckney (T.) on the determination of a gauge for the manufacture of various small screws, 1882, 31 1 ; 1883, 318; 1884, 287 Buckton (George Bowdler) on the 60 GENERAL INDEX. formation of organo-metallic radicals by substitution, 1862, 36 Budden (H. A.) on the coals of Canada, 1884, 713 Budleigh-Salterton, T. Davidson on the Brachiopoda hitherto obtained from the ‘ pebble-bed ’ of, 1869, 88 *Buds, the protection of, against the sun, by M. C. Potter, 1889, 648 Buganda (Uganda), Bev. B. P. Ashe on, 1889, 660 Bugio, an Atlantic rock in the Madeira group, Dr. Grabham on the biological relations of, 1886, 695 Building Societies Act, 1874, E. W. Brabrook on the working of the, 1875, 206 - societies and the Act of 1874, T. F. Peacock on, 1875, 218 - trades, the Bradford, A. Neill on, 1873, 196 Buildings, ruinous, assimilation of the laws of the United Kingdom, with especial reference to the town laws of Scotland as to, Dr. W. N. Hancock on the, 1877, 179 Bulgarians, Dr. J. Bed doe on the, 1877, ii5 Bunce (J. Thackray) on the statistics of crime in Birmingham, as compared with other large towns, 1865, 145 Bund (J. W. W.), the Severn watershed, 1888, 799 - on arranging an investigation of tlie seasonal variations of temperature in lakes, rivers, and estuaries, 1889,44; 1890, 92 Bunning (T. W.) on the use of fuel in marine boilers, 1863, 53 Bunsen cell, the employment of chromic acid instead of nitric acid in the, J. W. Swan on, 1889, 512 Bunsen’s ice calorimeter, a modification of, Prof. Balfour Stewart on, 1883, 432 Bunt (T. G.) on tidal observations, 1868, 489 ; 1870, 120 Bunter conglomerates, W. Molyneux on the occurrence of copper and lead ores in the, of Cannock Chase, 1872, 116 - conglomerate, note on the origin of the, by Prof. T. G. Bonney, 1887, 721 - and Keuper formations in the country around Liverpool, G. H. Mor¬ ton on the, 1890, 819 Bunting (C. G.) on the importance of providing additional facilities for the instruction of School Board pupils in the higher branches of knowledge, 1872, 222 Burckhardt and Dase’s tables, the enu¬ meration of the primes in, J. W. L. Glaisher on, 1877, 20 *Burdiehouse, near Edinburgh, Prof. B. H. Traquair on additions to the fossil vertebrate fauna of, 1871. m Burdwood (Staff-Commander) on tidal observations, 1868, 489; 1870, 120 Bure Valley beds, notes on the, by H. B. Woodward, 1882, 530 Burette, a glass, for collecting, measur¬ ing, and discharging gas over mercury, P. Braham on, 1879, 325 Burgess (H.) on international decimal coinage, 1872, 222 *Burgh (N. P.) on the action and effect of flame in marine boilers, 1866, 140 Buegoyne (Gen. Sir J. F.) on railways in war, 1865, 173 ^Burleigh rock-drill, J. Plant on the, 1873, 216 Burmah and China, Major Sladen on trade routes between, 1871, 189 f - the ruby mines of, J. S. Streeter on, 1887, 803 *Burnett (C. J.) on a galvanic battery, 1885, 916 Burnley coal-field and its fossil contents, J. T. Wilkinson and J. Whitaker on the, 1861, 135 ^Burntisland, G. J. Grieve on the posi¬ tion of organic remains near, 1871, 98 ^Burrell (A.) on the tea consumption of the United Kingdom, 1877, 174 - on the geographical distribution of the tea-plant, 1878, 638 Barren (co. Clare), F. J. Foot on the geology of, 1862, 72 — — F. J. Foot on a botanical chart of the barony of, 1862, 98 Burt (G.) on a pneumatic hammer, 1865, x75 - (Bev. J. T.) on the principles of penal legislation, 1874, 192 ; 1875, 207 - on the economy of penalties, 1876, 195 * - (Mrs.), female emigration, 1884, 866 Burton (F. M.) on the occurrence of the Bliastic beds near Gainsborough, and the surrounding strata, 1866, 51 * - on the Lower Lias and traces of an ancient Bhtetic shore in Lincolnshire, 1867, 57 - on the Keuper beds between Bet- ford and Gainsborough, 1879, 336; on a northerly extension of the Bhastic beds at Gainsborough, 337 - (P-)» an account of unusual coloured bows observed in fogs, 1S84, 656 * - (Capt. B. F.), ascent of the Cameroon mountains, 1862, 195 - on the present state of Dahome, 1864, 137 ; on the river Congo, 140 - on the land of Midian, 1878, *589, 630 Buruts, the Kirghiz or, B. Michell on GENERAL INDEX. 61 the supposed lost language and anti¬ quity of, 1875, 176 Bury (H.) on the early stages in the de¬ velopment of Antedon rosacea , 1887, 735 - (Rev. W.), poor-law administration, 1889, 715 Busacott (Rev. A.) on the present ex¬ tent of slavery and the slave trade, with a reference to the progress of abolition since the American war, 1876, 196 Bushire, a journey by land from Bagdad to, by W. S. Blunt, 1879, 440 Bushman researches of Dr. W. H. Bleek, Hyde Clarke on the report concerning, 1873, 142 *Bushmen crania, Professor G. Rolleston on, 1880, 631 Busk (Prof. G.) on the opening of a cist of the Stone Age near Moray Firth, 1862, 146 - on a very ancient human cranium from Gibraltar, 1863, 91 - on exploring Kent's Cavern , Devon¬ shire, 1867, 24 ; 1868, 45 ; 1869, 189 ; 1870, 16; 1871, 1; 1872, 28; 1873, 198; 1874, 1; 1875, 1; 1876, 1; 1877, 1; 1878, 124; 1879, 140; 1880, 62 - on the exploration of the Settle Caves , 1876, 115 ; 1877, 215; 1878, 377 - on the examination of two caves near Tenby , 1878, 209 - on the exploration of certain caves in Borneo , 1879, 149 - on the use of the chitinous elements or appendages of the Cheilostomatous Polyzoa in the diagnosis of species, 1881, 662 - and W. Boyd Dawkins on the dis¬ covery of platycnemic men in Denbigh¬ shire, 1870, 148 Bustard Great, H. Stevenson on the ex¬ tinction of the, in Norfolk and Suffolk, 1868, hi Bute Docks, Cardiff, J. McConnochie on the, 1880, 692 ^Butler (G. G.) on pictorial aid to geo¬ graphical teaching, 1880, 660 - (G. W.) on the occupation of the table at the zoological station at Naples , 1890, 451 '•^Butterflies and moths, O. Groom-Napier on the food and economical value of British, 1866, 76 Butterfly, A. R. Wallace on reversed sexual characters in a, 1866, 79 Button (E.), explorations in the gold region of the Limpopo, 1872, 208 Button-holes, J. M. Clements on a ma¬ chine for stitching, 1865, 176 Buxbaumia aplaylla , Prof. M. A. Lawson on the discovery of, near London, 1868, 104 Buxton (D.) on the ‘ German ’ speech and lip-reading system of teaching the deaf, 1879, 474 Buys-Ballot (Prof.) on the system of forecasting the weather pursued in Holland, 1863, 20 * - on the method adopted at Utrecht in discussing meteorological observa¬ tions, 1866, 16 - on comparing and reducing magnetic observations , 1887, 323, 324 Byerley (I.), preliminary report of the dredging committee for the Mersey and Dee , 1861, 188 Bykowski (Gryf Jaxa de) on a through railway route to India, via Russia and the Oxus valley, 1872, 209 Byrne (Very Rev. J.) on the develop¬ ment of the powers of thought in vertebrate animals in connection with the development of their brain, 1874, x38 - (Oliver) on dual arithmetic, 1865, 6 Byrne’s compound plate pneumatic bat¬ tery, W. Ladd on, 1878, 448 Byrom (J. R.), the fauna and flora of the Ashton-under-Lyne district, 1883, 541 Cables, see Telegraph cables Cadastral Survey of India, Lt.-Col. W. Barron on the, 1885, 1128 Cadell (H. M.), recent advances in West Lothian geology, 1885, 1037 Cae Gwyn bone-cave, North Wales, Dr. H. Hicks on the, 1885, 1021. (See Caves of North Males') * Ccvsalpinece, the morphology of some, Prof. Hartog on, 1887, 763 *Ca3sar's account of Britain and its in¬ habitants, J. Crawfurd on, 1866, 107 *Cagayan Sulu Island, Capt. Chimmo on, 1871, 176 Cagots, Dr. D. H. Tuke on the, 1879, 379 Cail (Richard) on Cail’s lock salmon- pass or swimming-stair, 1372, 135 Cain, the descendants of, C. S. Wake on, 1883, 563 Cain (J. C.) and Dr. G. H. Bailey, a method of quantitative analysis, 1890, 772 Caine (Rev. W.) on ten years’ statistics of the mortality amongst the orphan children taken under the care of the Dublin Protestant orphan societies, 1861, 208 - on the free licensing system in Liverpool during the last four years, 1866, 124 - on the increase of drunkenness among the working-classes, and the causes of it, 1874, 1 93 Caird (A. M‘Neel) on some special evils of the Scottish poor-law, 1876, 197 62 GENERAL INDEX Caird (A. M‘Neel) on a common mea¬ sure of valv.e in direct taxation , 1878, 220 * - (James K.) on an iron camb for power-looms, 1867, 153 Cairns, religious, of the Himalayan re¬ gion, R. B. Shaw on the, 1872, 194 Caisson gate, Admiral Sir E. Belcher on an improved, 1863, 170 Caithness, the flora of, J. F. Grant on, 1885, 1063 - - C. W. Peach on the fossils of the Boulder-clay in, 1862, 83 ; 1864, 59 ; 1866, 64 - - C. W. Peach on fossil fishes of the Old Red Sandstone of, 1867, 72 - - Central, rocks of, J. Gunn on, 1885, 1030 * - - J. Anderson on recent explora¬ tions in chambered cairns in, 1866, 94 Caithness (the Earl of), report on steamship performance, 1861, 190 ; 1862, 282; 1863, 339 - - - on agricultural machinery , 1869, 404 *Calabar bean, T. Nunneley on the, 1863, 192 - - - Old, Prof. Thomson’s description of the fruit of Clerodendron Thomsons, Balf., from, 1863, 95 Calabria and Sicily, newer Tertiary fossils in, T. Gwyn Jeffreys on, 1870, 76 Calamine deposits of Sardinia, Gordon Davis on the, 1867, 58 Calamiteas, W. Carruthers on, and fossil Equisetaceas, 1867, 58 Calamites, the stems of, W. C. William- son on the organisation of, 1870, 89 * Calamus, flagella of, Professor F. O. Bower on, 1887, 743 Calcareous organisms, the mineralogical constitution of, Y. Cornish and P. F. Kendall on, 1887, 700 Calcedoine enhydrique, la, de Salto Orien¬ tal (Uruguay), et son veritable gise- ment, par Prof. Vilanova, 1887, 699 Calcescence, Dr. C. K. Akin’s account of preliminary experiments on, 1863, 11 *Calcining-kilns, J. Eckersley on J. R. Swan’s improved, 1867, 153 ^Calcium, bisulphite of, W. L. Scott on the preservation of animal substances by, 1867, 40 - oxide and magnesium oxide, the formation of crystals of, in the oxy- hydrogen flame, J. Joly on, 1888, 634 ■ - sulphide and sulphocarbonate, Y. H. Yeley on, 1884, 677 ^Calculating- machine, Dr. W. Farr on life-tables made by means of the Swedish, 1864, 165 * - Major-Gen. H nyngton on the French, 1864, 167 Calculations, a method f checking, W. H. Walenn on, 1879, 271 Calculi, renal, Dr. G. Harley on the mode of formation of, 1873, 130 - uric acid, Dr. Roberts on the sol¬ vent power of strong and weak solu¬ tions of the alkaline carbonates on, 1861, 90 Calculus, uric acid, the Rev. W. Y . Har- court on the solvent treatment of, 1869, 122 - of chemical operations, Dr. A. Crum Brown on the, 1867, 31 - the most commodious and compre¬ hensive, Dr. E. Schroder on, 1883, 41 1 - of variations, E. P. Culverwell on the discriminating condition of maxi¬ ma and minima in the, 1884, 649 - of variations, E. P. Culverwell on the criteria for discriminating between maxima and minima solutions in the, 1887, 598 Calcutta, Sir Walter Elliott on a proposed Ethnological congress at, 1866, 109 - - P. M. Tait on the population and mortality of, 1867, 145 Calderwood (W. L.) on the occupation of the table at the zoological station at Naples, 1889, 10 1 *Caldwell automatic microtome, remarks on the, 1884, 777 Caldwell (W. H.) *on the foetal mem¬ branes of the Marsupials, 1884, 768 ; *on the progress of his investigations in Australia, ib. * — — on some points in the development of Monotremes, 1886, 686 Calico printing and the tinctorial arts, the extent to which they have been affected by the introduction of modem colours, by C. O’Neill, 1887, 640 Callaway (Dr. C.), notes on the Crystal- line Schists of Ireland, 1886, 661 - notes on the origin of the older Archjean rocks of Malvern and Angle¬ sey, 1887, 706 - - further notes on the origin of the Crystalline Schists of Malvern and Anglesey, 1888, 653 ; sketch of the geology of the Crystalline axis of the Malvern Hills, 654 Callionymus lyra , L. (the skulpin), the ova of, Prof. McIntosh on, 1885, 1073 Callus-plates in the sieve-tubes of: certain gigantic Laminarias, F. W. Oliver on the presence of, 1887, 761 ^Calorific power of alimentary substan¬ ces, a direct method for determining* the, J. A. Wanklyn and W. J. Cooper on, 1878, 605 Calorimeter, a modification of Bunsen’s ice, Prof. Balfour Stewart on, 1883, 432 - a new, for lecture purposes, J. T. Baker on, 1886, 525 - a new and simple form of, Prof. W. F. Barrett on, 1885, 938 GENERAL INDEX. 63 Calorimetric value of fuel or organic compounds, a new apparatus for readily determining the, by direct combustion in oxygen, W. Thomson on, 188G, 599 *Cambodia and the Laos States, H. Mouhot on, 1862, 196 - Dr. A. Bastian on the ethnology of, 1864, 136 - J. Thomson on the ruined temples of, 1866, 1 16 Camboja, Colonel Yule on Capt. Garnier’s expedition up the, 1871, 190 Cambrian rocks of Llanberis, G. Maw on the, with reference to a break in the conformable succession of the Lower beds, 1867, 70 - rocks, Henry Hicks on some recent discoveries of fossils in the, 1868, 68 - (Upper Longmynd), rocks near St. David’s, Dr. Hicks on the discovery of some fossil plants in the, 1869, 89 - - rocks of the Midlands, Prof. C. Lapworth on the, 1886, 622 - rocks at Dosthill, in Warwickshire, W. J. Harrison on the discovery of, 1886, 622 - — - beds of the British Isles, observa¬ tions on the two types of (the Cale¬ donian and Hiberno-Cambrian), and the conditions under which they were respectively deposited, by Prof. E. Hull, 1881, 642 - Lower, of Anglesey, Prof. T. McK. Hughes on the, 1881, 643 - and Silurian rocks, H. Hicks on the, of Ramsey Island, St. David’s, 1872, 107 - - and Silurian rocks, H. Hicks on some areas where the, occur as conformable series, 1876, 69 Cambridge, James Heywood on the sub¬ jects required in the classical tripos examination and in the Trinity College Fellowship examination, 1866, 131 Cambridgeshire, fens of, W. D. Harding on the draining of the, 1868, 166 - J. F. Walker on a new phosphatic deposit near Upware, in, 1867, 73 - the fens of, some thermal springs in, F. W. Harmer on, 1870, 74 - W. P. Hiern on the occurrence of Aster salignus in Wicken Fen, 1867, 84 Camera, A. Claudet on the means of following the small divisions of the scale regulating the distances and en¬ largement in the solar, 1862, 18 Cameron (A. G.) on the subsidences above the Permian limestone between Hartlepool and Ripon, 1881, 617 - notes on fuller’s earth and its ap¬ plications, 1885, 1039 - on the recent exposures of Kella- way’s rock at Bedford, 1889, 577 *Cameron, (A. L. P.), notes on some tribes of New South Wales, 1884, 924 * - (John) on the islands of Kalatoa and Puloweh, 1864, 140 - (J. M.) on the position of agricul¬ tural education and research in this country and on the continent of Europe, 1880, 537 * - (Rev. Mr.) on relation of Gaelic and English, 1876, 164 * — — (Dr.) on ammonic seleniocyanide, 1876, 63 - - (Capt.) on the ethnology, geography, and commerce of the Caucasus, 1861, 189 - (Lieut. Y. L.), journal of the East African expedition, extracts from, 1874, 176 * - [Commander V. L.] on his journe}r through equatorial Africa, 1876, 18 1 - on proposed stations in Central Africa as bases for future exploration. 1877, 141 — — - on the manners and customs of the people of Urua, Central Africa, 1879, 392 ; *on the Euphrates Valley rail¬ way, 440 * - on a recent visit to the gold-mines of the West Coast of Africa, 1881, 747 * - on Senegal, Gambia, and the Gold Coast, 1882, 623 - on the British Commercial Geogra¬ phical Society about to be founded on his proposal, 1884, 808 * - - and Capt. J. S. Hay on horned men of Akkem, in Africa, 1876, 165 ^Cameroon mountains, ascent of the, Capt. R. Burton on an, 1862, 195 Cameroons mountain , the flora and fauna of the, report on, 1887, 73 f - the, H. H. Johnston on, 1888, 745 ^Campbell (Sir A.) and J. T. Bottom- ley, exhibition of Leyden jars with multiple fractures, 1889, 515 — (Archibald), notes on the Looshais, 1872, 176 - (Dugald) on the action of nitric acid upon pyrophosphate of magnesia, 1862, 37 - on Messrs. Wanklyn, Chapman, and Smith’s method of determining- nitrogenous organic matters in water, 1867, 32 - (George) on the desirability of an exploration being made of the district between the Brahmaputra, the Upper Irawadi , and the Yang-tse-Kiang , 1868, 430 - *on the village system in India, 1870, 144; *on the physical geography and races of British India, 168; on the duties of the Government of India and of the merchants of England in promoting production in India, 188 64 GENERAL INDEX. ^Campbell [Sir G.] on the peoples be¬ tween India and China, 1874, 145 ; on the privileges over land, wrongly called property, 195 - Address to the Section of Economic Science and Statistics, 1876, 186 - - - on the work of the Anthropometric Committee, 1878, 152; 1879, 175 5 1880, 120; 1881, 225 ; on a common measure of value in direct taxation , 1878, 220 - on the municipalisation of the land, 1885, 1158; *the rule of the road from an anthropological point of view, 1215 - Address to the Anthropological Section, ] 886, 826 ; what is an Aryan ? 842 _ _ (J. F.) on a visit to the hypogeum, North Uist, 1872, 175 _ (J. H. M.) on the social aspects of trades unionism, 1878, 676 _ _ (J. S.) on the tobacco trade of Liverpool, 1870, 189 _ (Major) on the Shorawak valley and the Toba plateau, 1879, 447 •Camphene hydrochlorides, CI0H17C1, ob¬ tained from turpentine and camphene respectively, the relative stability of, E. F. Ehrhardt on, 1886, 591 Camphor, Charles Tomlinson on the mo¬ tion of, towards the light, 1862, 23 - Japanese, from peppermint, G. H. Beckett and Dr. C. R. A. Wright on, 1875, 38 * - from turpentine, the production of, J. E. Marsh and R. Stockdale on, 1890, 785 Camps (Dr.) on the sanitary condition of the troops in India, 1863, 152 ^Canada, Sir W. Logan, Dr. Dawson, and Dr. Sterry Hunt on organic remains in Laurentian rocks in, 1864, 58 _ _ _ Principal J. W. Dawson on the fossil plants of the post- Pliocene depo¬ sits of, in connection with the climate of the period, and the formation of Boulder-clay, 1865, 50 - - James Hey wood on the sanitary state of the Indians in the settlement of Kanyeageh, 1868, 167 - - Sir G. D. Gibb on stone imple¬ ments and fragments of pottery from, 1872, 1S6 * _ the Dominion of, especially with regard to the geography of the North¬ west territory, C. Graham on, 1882, 628 - as it impresses and influences an emigrant, with notes on the North-west territory, H. Moody on, 1883, 612 _ _ a brief chronological and statistical review of the past and present of, by C. Waif or d, 1883, 613 _ anthropological discoveries in, by C. A. Hirschfelder, 1884, 915 ^Canada, population, immigration, and pauperism in, J. Lowe on, 1884, 866 * - - the application of scientific and practical arboriculture in, Prof. Brown on, 1884, 855 * - the banking system of, H. J. Hague on, 1884, 868 * - the climate of, and its relations to life and health, Dr. W. H. Hingston on, 1884, 785 - the coals of, H. A. Budden on, 1884, 713 - the commercial relations of, with Spain and her colonies, A. de Mar- coartu on, 1884, 870 - the economic minerals of, the oc¬ currence, localities, and output of, W. H. Merritt on, 1884, 719 - the fisheries of, L. Z. Joncas on, 1884, 854 - the forests of, Dr. R. Bell on, 1884, S56 - the forests of, Dr. J. B. Hurlbert on, 1884, 872 - the lighthouse system of, W. Smith on, 1884, 891 - the phosphate industry of, R. C. Adams on, 1884, 853 ■ - the Post Office Savings Bank system of, J. C. Stewart on, 1884, 834 - the anorthosite rocks of, F. D. Adams on, 1886, 666 - the coal-bearing rocks of, F. D. Adams on, 1886, 639 - the great prairie lands of North¬ west, proposed new route to, via Hud¬ son’s Strait and Bay, Dr. J. Rae on, 1886, 728 - tidal observations in, report of the Committee for promoting, 1885, 33 ; 1886, 150; 1887, 31; 1888, 27; 1889, 27 ; 1890, 183 — — north-western tribes of the Dominion of, report on the physical characters, languages, and industrial and social condition of the, 1885, 696 ; 1886, 285 ; 1887, 173; 1888,235; 1889,797; 1890, 553 * - the North-west territories of, J. G. Colmer on, 1889, 669 - - and the United States, the demar¬ cation of the international boundary between (1872-73), Capt. S. Anderson on, 1874, 172 Canadian and British agriculture, Prof. J. P. Sheldon on, 1884, 847 - - climate, the influence of, on Euro¬ pean races, Prof. W. H. Hingston on, 1886, 843 * - finance, J. McLennan on, 1884, S41 - forest trees, the distribution of, A. T. Drummond on, 1884, 855 - forests, Dr. Hurlbert’s notes on, 1863, 96; 1884, 872 GENERAL INDEX. 65 * Canadian Indian reserves, J. Heywood on municipal government for, 1869, 195 - North-west, notes on the extent, topography, climatic peculiarities, flora, and agricultural capabilities of the. Prof. J. Macoun on, 1886, 726 - Pacific Railway, V. Smith on the, 1884, 885 - Pacific Railway, A. Begg on the, 1886, 727 - statistics, A. E. Bateman on, 1878, 658 Canal Cavour, P. Le Neve Foster, jun., on the new branch canal leading from, for irrigating the province of Lomel- lina, 1872, 243 - - communication, S. Lloyd on, 1886, 77 1 - lift, an improved, S. Lloyd on, 1888, 797 Canals, M. Stevens on, 1886, 770 Canary Islands, the ancient inhabitants of the, J. H. Stone on, 1888, 851 - the peculiarities of the avifauna of the, Rev. Canon H. B. Tristram on, 1889, 616 * - Hierro and Graciosa, two outlying members of the, notes on the natural history of, by Rev. Canon Tristram, 1890, 855 Candahar, new routes to, Capt. T. H. Holdich on, 1879, 447 * - the high road from the Indus to, by Sir R. Temple, 1880, 658 Candles altered by long exposure to sea¬ water, Prof. J. H. Gladstone on some, 1877, 51 Canidae, the brain of the, R. Garner on, 1876, 152 Cannan (E.), the use of estimates of aggregate capital and income as mea¬ sures of the economic welfare of nations, 1890, 929 Cannel-coal, Dr. Stevenson Macadam on the economic distillation of gas from, 1869, 69 Cannibalism in Europe, Dr. Charnock on, 1865, 1 17 - J. Crawfurd on, in relation to ethnology, 1865, 118 Cannington Park limestone, E. B. Tawney on the age of the, and its relation to Coal-measures south of the Mendips, 1875, 82 Cannock Chase, W. Molyneux on the occurrence of copper and lead ores in the Bunter conglomerates of, 1872, 116 Cannon, great, of Muhammed II., F. A. Abel on the chemical composition of the, recently presented by the Sultan Abdul Aziz Khan to the British Go¬ vernment, 1868, 34 Canons, R. Brown on the formation of, 1868, 134 Canton, a journey from, to Kwei-Yang- Fu, up the Canton river, W. Mesny on, 1880, 660 Caoutchouc and other colloids, the mole¬ cular weight of, Dr. J. H. Gladstone and W. Hibbert on, 1888, 640 - the specific heat of, W. W. H. Gee and H. L. Terry on, 1889, 516 Cape Colony, Prof. Tennant on the recent discovery of diamonds in, 1868, 79 fCape Guardafui, sea temperatures in the neighbourhood of, by Lieut.-Gen. Strachej^, 1888, 738 Cape of Good Hope, Dr. J. C. Brown on the products and prospects of the, 1875, 189 *Capello (Capt. H ) and Lieut. R. Ivens on the results of the Portuguese expedi¬ tion in West Central Africa, 1880, 659 - (J. B.), *on the great storm of December, 1864, on the coast of the Peninsula, 1865, 17; on the magnetic storm of the beginning of August, 1865, as recorded by the self-recording magnetographs at the Kew and Lisbon Observatories, 20 - on magnetic disturbance, 1866, 13 - on a comparison of the Kew and Lisbon magnetic curves during the disturbance of February 20-25, 1866, 1867, 20 - on the best means of comparing and reducing magnetic observations , 1885, 77; 1886, 67 *Capewell (L. P.) on the organic re¬ mains of the Coal-measures, 1865, 49 Capillarity and drops, Dr. T. Woods on, 1881, 565 Capillary action, surface-tension and. Prof. O. Reynolds on, 1881, 524 - attraction, the Rev. F. Bashfortli on, 1862, 2 - and other tubes, Prof. F. Guthrie and Dr. F. Guthrie on the passage of fluids through, 1876, 31 ^Capital and labour, employer and em¬ ployed, P. Matthew on, 1867, 143 * - and labour, W. Morris on, 1873, 196 - W. Westgarth on the law of, 1871, 223 * - and money, W. Westgarth on the science of, 1875, 220 - nominal or fictitious, the increase in Europe and America of, Hyde Clarke on, 1889, 706 - operation of, due to fixed or limited amounts invested in trade, Hyde Clarke on the part in the, 1876, 198 - what is? by W. Westgarth, 1880, 679; 1885, 1165 Capitalists and labourers , report on the economic effects of combinations of , 1874. 2 66; 1875, 146 P 66 GENERAL INDEX. Capper (R.), harbours of refuge, 1883, 658 - on the Jeep sea channel into Swan¬ sea harbour, 1885, 1202 * - a trader on the West Coast of Africa and in the interior, 1886, 736 Capron (J. R) on some points in Lem- str5m’s recent auroral experiments in Lapland, 1883, 439 * Car aims nitens of the Scottish moors, Dr. Grierson on, 1871, 132 ^Caracas, A. Ernst on the anthropology of, 1866, 96 Carbon cells and plates for galvanic bat¬ teries, W. Symons on a new method of constructing, 1874, 31 - cells for galvanic batteries, an easy method of making, W. Symons on, 1881, 557 - musical sounds produced by, Dr. T. L. Phipson on, 1863, 50 - refraction equivalent of, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on the, 1865, 11 — — - spectra, two, existing at the same temperature. W. M. Watts on, 1870, 44 * - - oxidising action of, Dr. Crace- Calvert on the, 1866, 34 * - source and function of, in the crust of the earth, A. S. Mott on the, 1877, 75 - - tetrachloride , B. IF. Richardson on the physiological action of, 1867, 55 * - - compounds, A. R Catton on the molecular constitution of, 1864, 26 * - compounds, the determination of the constitution of, from thermo¬ chemical data, Prof. H. E. Armstrong on, 1886, 591 - compounds, the correspondence between the molecular refraction, dis¬ persion, and magnetic rotation of, Drs. .T. H. Gladstone and W. H. Perkin on, 1889, 515 - - in iron and steel, the estimation of, T. Turner on, 1886, 597 * - -closet system, E. C. C. Stanford on the, 1871, 240 Carbonate of lime, the deposit of, at Hierapolis, in Anatolia, Dr. Phene on, 1879, 344 Carbonic acid, Dr. Daubeny on the cause of the extrication of, from the interior of the earth, and its action on fels- pathic rocks, 1864, 52 — -acid, new physiological researches on the effects of, by Dr. B. W. Richard¬ son, 1870, 141 - acid, the action of, on limestone, Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins on, 1880, 573 * - acid in air, A. S. Davison a simple method of determining the propor'.ion of, 1875, 40 - acid in the atmosphere, the relation of the percentage of, to the life and growth of plants, Rev. A. Irving on, 1888, 661 ^Carbonic acid, liquid, in minerals, W. N. Hartley on the critical point of, 1876, 64 - acid, liquid, in rocks and minerals , report on the conditions under which it exists , 1877, 232 * - acid gas, explosion of — a demon¬ stration, by H. B. Dixon, 1883, 459 - acid and cyanogen, I. Lowthian Bell on the joint action of, on oxide of iron and on metallic iron, 1874, 51 - oxide, I. Lowthian Bell on the de¬ composition of, by spongy iron, 1869,62 - oxide, the influence of water on the union of, with oxj^gen at high tempera¬ tures, H. B. Dixon on, 1880, 503 Carboniferous coals, English and Ameri¬ can, the structure of, E. Wethered on, 1884, 741 - coast-line of North Cornwall, S. R. Pattison on the, 1877, 75 - Encrinites from Clifton and from Lancashire, J. G. Grenfell on, 1875, 65 - Entomostraca of the strata of Great Britain and Ireland, Prof. T. Rupert Jones’s synopsis of the bivalve, 1863, 80 - flora of Halifax, recent researches amongst the. Prof. W. C. Williamson on, 1886, 654 - flora of Halifax and its neighbour¬ hood, report on the, 1887, 235 - flora of the rocks of Lancashire and West Yorkshire, report on the , 1888, 150 ; 1889, 69 - flora , report on the present state of the inquiry into the organisation of the, 1889, 69 - formation in and around Edinburgh, C. W. Peach on additions to the list of fossils and localities of the, 1871, 109 * - fossil fishes in the estuarine beds of the formation, Dr. Traquair on the dis¬ tribution of, 1885, 1033 * - fossil trees, E. A. Wiinsch on some, imbedded in trappean ash in the Island of Arran, 1867, 73 - fossils in a conglomerate at Mougli- ton Fell, near Settle, Yorkshire, R. Law and J. Horsfall on the discovery of, 1887, 690 - Labyrinthodonts and of Mega- lichthys, James Thomson on some new forms of Rteroplax and other, with notes on their structure by Prof. l'oung-, 1869, 101 - Lancashire district, E. Hull on the relative geological ages of the principal physical features of the, 1867, 63 - Limestone , Charles Moore on mineral veins in, and their organic contents, 1868, 428 ; 1869, 360 GENERAL INDEX. 67 Carboniferous Limestone Corals , report on the structure of, 1869, 1 7 1 ; 1870, 41 ; 1871, 165 ; 1872, 241 ; 1873, 479 ; 1875, 165 - Limestone and Millstone Grit in the country around Llangollen, N. Wales, G. H. Morton on the, 1877, 74 - Limestone of the north of Flintshire, G. H. Morton on the, 1886, 673 - Limestone series, classification of the, H. Miller on the Northumbrian type, 1886, 674 - - plants, Prof. W. C. Williamson on the classification of the vascular crypto- gamous, 1871, 131 - Polyzoa and Palmocorynm, G. P. Vine on, 1879, 350 - Polyzoa , report on the, 1880, 76 - reefs, note on, by R. H. Tiddeman, 1889, 600 - relics of the, and other old land- surfaces, H. Woodward on, 1871, 113 - reptilian remains found in the strata of Lanarkshire, James Thomson on certain, 1868, 79 - rocks, Edward Hull on the relative distribution of the calcareous and sedi¬ mentary strata of the British, 1861, 1 16 - sedimentary rocks of the North of England, E. Hull on the structure of the Pendle range of hills as illustrating the south-easterly attenuation of the, 1867, 62 * - rocks, the successive stratigraphi- cal changes to which they have been subjected, Prof. E. Hull on, 1870, 74 * - rocks, Prof. W. C. Williamson on the structure of Diploxylon, a plant of the, 1871, 1 12 * - rocks, LowTer, at Langton, Berwick¬ shire, the Rev. T. Brown on specimens of fossil wood from the base of the, 1871. 128 - rocks, G. A. Lebour on the changes affecting the southern extension of the Lowest, 1876, 93 - rocks, the Lower, of Gloucestershire, E. Wethered on, 1888, 657 - rocks, the changes of the Lower, in Yorkshire from south to north, J. R. Dakvns on, 1890, 81 1 - series, W. W. Stoddart on the lowest beds of the Clifton, 1864, 71 * - - shale in Westmoreland, the occur¬ rence of pebbles in, G. A. Lebour on, 1877, 72 - strata of Leeds and its immediate neighbourhood, B. Holgate on the, 1890, 795 - system of the British Isles, Prof. E. Hull on the upper limit of the essen¬ tially marine beds of the, and the necessity of the establishment of a Middle Carboniferous group, 1876, 90 Carbutt (E. H.) on patent legislation , 1878,157; 1879,223; 1880, 318 ; 1881 , 222; 1882, 310 ; 1883, 316 ; 1884,293; 1885, 695 ; on the use of steel for struc¬ tural pturposes, 1878, 157 Cardamine pratensis (cuckoo-flower or lady’s-smock), notes on, by J. Price, 1870, 122 - pratensis , exhibition of germinating specimens of, by Dr. J. Price, 1878, 572 * Garde w (Capt. P.), a new volt-meter, 1884, 893 Cardiac hypertrophy, the rate of, W. H. Stone on, 1878, 608 - movements of the chest, Dr. Burdon Sanderson on an apparatus for mea¬ suring and recording the respiratory and, 1869, 128 - nerves of the turtle, Prof. H. Kronecker and Dr. T. W. Mills on the, 1884, 776 Cardigan town, the geology of, W. Keep- ing on, 1882, 531 *Cardium, the, illustrating the true na¬ ture of prime movers, J. Gamgee on, 1889, 518 Cardwell (J. J.) on a natural method of teaching geography, 1887, 805 Carey (A. E.) on the erosion of the coast from Newhaven to Seaford, 1885, 436 Carinaria Mediterranea , Robert Garner on the anatomy of the, 1868, 116 Carmichael (A. A.) on a hypogeum at Valaquie, North Uist, 1872, 176 — - (C. H. E.) on Prof. Gennarelli’s paper ‘ On the existence of a race of red men in Northern Africa and Southern Europe in prehistoric times,’ 1873, 141 - (Capt. J.) on the ruined cities of Central America, 1870, 168 * - (Dr. N.) on spontaneous evolution and the germ theory, 1876, 146 Carnegie ( J.), the agricultural resources of Ontario, 1884, 848 Carnelley (Prof. T.) on th colour of chemical compounds, 1884, 688 - - the periodic law as illustrated in certain physical properties of organic compounds, 1885, 969; suggestions as to the cause of the periodic law and the nature of the chemical elements, ib. * - the air of dwellings and schools, and its relation to disease, 1886, 577 - the melting-points of organic com¬ pounds in relation to their chemical constitution : Part I. — Influence of orientation in aromatic compounds, 1887, 647 - and Miss E. Johnston, the antisep¬ tic properties of metallic salts in rela¬ tion to their chemical composition, and the periodic law, 1887, 667 F 2 68 GENERAL INDEX. Carnelley (Prof. T.) and Dr. A. Thom¬ son, the solubility of isomeric organic compounds, 1887, 647 - - and T. Wilson, a new method for determining micro-organisms in air, 1887, 654 Carnot theorem, the, and the efficiency of steam at high pressures, W. W. Beaumont on, 1888, 820 Carnot’s function, James Croll on the cohesion of gases, and its relation to, 1862, 21 Carnoy (Prof. J. B.), some remarks on the recent researches of Zacharias and Dr. Boveri upon the fecundation of the Ascaris meg aloe xphala, 1887, 756 Carotid system, the nature and develop¬ ment of the, Dr. J. Y. Mackay on, 1887, 754 Carpathians, the Eastern, a journey in, Miss M. M. Dowie on, 1890, 896 ^Carpenter (Mary) on industrial schools, 1875, 209 511 - (P. H.), remarks on the anatomy of the arms of the Crinoids, 1876, 146 . - on the nomenclature of the plates of the Crinoidal calyx, 1879, 333 ; on the nervous system of Comatula , 418 - on the structure and classification of the Blastoidea, 1881, 634; on the characters of the ‘ Lansdown encrinite ’ ( ' Millericrinus Prattii, Gray, sp.), 635 ; on some permanent larval forms among the Crinoidea, 671 ; note on the British Comatula, 672 - on the geographical and bathymetri¬ cal distribution of the Crinoidea, 1884, 758 - - notes on the anatomy and morpho¬ logy of the Cystidea, 1890, 821, *860 - - (Philip P.) on the variations of Tectu- rella grandis, 1861, 137 ; on the cosmo¬ politan operations of the Smithsonian Institution, ib. - . report upon the best means of ad¬ vancing science through the agency of the mercantile marine , 1862, 122 - supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America , 1863, 517 - - on the connection between the Crag formations and the recent North Pacific faunas, 1864, 52 - on the regard due to usage and utility, as well as mere priority in iixing geological nomenclature, 1865, S3 - - on the primary divisions of the Chitonidoe, 1875, 161 * — — (Dr. W. B.) on Comatula rosacea C. celtica, and other marine animals from the Hebrides, 1866, 72 . - - on the thermodynamics of the general oceanic circulation, 1871, 51 Carpenter (Dr. W. B.), Presidential Address at Brighton , 1872, lxix. - on the general oceanic thermal cir¬ culation, 1872, 48: on the temperature and other physical conditions of inland seas in their relation to geological inquiry, 96 - - on science lectures and organisation , 1873, 507 - on the undercurrents of the Bos- phorus and Dardanelles, 1873, 41 ; on the physical geography of the Medi¬ terranean, considered in relation to that of the Black Sea and the Caspian, 163 ; on the physical geography of the Caspian Sea in its relations to geology, 165 - - - *011 the physical theory of under¬ currents, 1874, 22 ; *on the replace¬ ment of organic matter by siliceous deposits in the process of fossilization, 56 ; on further researches on Eozoon Canadense , *73, 136 ; on the results of the ‘ Challenger ’ researches into the physical conditions of the deep sea, 172 - on the origin of the red clay found by the ‘ Challenger ’ at great depths in the ocean, 1875, 64 ; *on the condition of the sea-bottom of the North Pacific, as shown by the soundings recently taken by the U.S. steamship ‘ Tusca- rora,’ ib. ; *011 the nervous and genera¬ tive systems of the Crinoidea, 161 ; ton the bearings of recent observations on the doctrine of oceanic circulation, 190 - *011 the Arenaceous Foraminifera collected in the ‘Valorous’ expedition, 1876, 146 ; ^further researches on the nervous system of Ante-don rosacews ( Comatula rosacea , Lamk.), ib. ; *011 the morphology and histology of the nervous system of Antedon rosaceus- {Comatula rosacea, Lamk.), 148 - - on the zoological station at Naples T 1877, 228; 1878, 149; 1879, 165; 1880,. 161 ; 1881, 178 - on the Scottish zoological station y 1881, 177 ; 1882, 282 ; 1883, 233 - on the germ-theory of disease, con¬ sidered from the natural-history point of view, 1883, 529 ; *the egg-capsules- of the dog-whelk and their contents,. 540 - (W. Lant) on the examina¬ tion of sea-water on board H.M.S.. ‘ Porcupine,’ in July 1870, for dissolving- gases and varying proportions of chlorine, *1870, 53; 1872, 72 - on the presence of albumen in neutral salts, and on a new process for the manufacture of stearic and palmitic acids, 1872, 71 ; on the mode of collec¬ tion of samples of deep-sea water, and GENERAL INDEX. G9> of their anal}rsis for dissolved gaseous constituents, employed on boardli.M.S. ‘ Porcupine ’ during the summers of 1869 and 1870, 72 Carpenter (W. Lant) on water from the Severn Tunnel springs, 1878, 51 1 — — *011 some of Pell and Painter's recent researches and their conse¬ quences, 1881, 531 ; on the siliceous and other hot springs in the volcanic district of the North Island of New Zealand, 580 ; on Bowkett’s thermo¬ graph, 604 ; on the hot-lake district and the glacier scenery and fjords of New Zealand, 742 - on the best means of comparing and reducing magnetic observations , 1886, 64, 75; 1887, 320, 332; 1888, 2S ; 1889, 49 ; 1890, 172 - - on the desw ability of introducing a uniform nomenclature for the funda¬ mental units of mechanics, 1888, 27 - comparison of Gassner’s dry cells with Leclanclie’s, 1888, 566 - on the conversion of oleic acid into palmitic acid, and fusions with caustic alkalies at high temperatures, 1883, 462 ; on the teaching of chemistry in elementary schools, 474 ; a system of science derrionst ration in elementary schools, 627 - and Prof. Balfour Stewart on ap¬ parent sun-spot inequalities of short period, 1883, 418 - - and Prof. Balfour Stewart on cer¬ tain short periods common to solar and terrestrial meteorological phenomena, 1884, 634 - and Prof. Balfour Stewart, results of a comparison between the wind values and declination disturbances at the Kew Observatory , 1888, 28 €arpmael (A.) on patent legislation, 1884, 293; 1885, 595 - (C.) on an induction inclinometer adapted for photographic registration, 1884, 635 - - - on promoting tidal observations in Canada, 1885, 33; 1886, 150; 1887, 31 ; 1888, 27 ; 1889, 27 ; 1890, 183 - on the depth of the permanently frozen soil in the Polar regions , 1886, 271, 275 ; 1887, 152 - (C. H.) on comparing and reducing magnetic observations, 1885, 65; 1886, 64; 1887, 320; 1888, 28; 1889, 49; 1890, 172 - (W.) on scientific evidence in courts of law , 1866, 456 Carpus of a dog, Prof. W. H. Flower on the composition of the, 1871, 138 Carr (C. E.), hydraulic apparatus for railway signalling, 1889, 737 Carr (Thomas) on a new mill for dis¬ integrating wheat, 1871, 233 ‘ Carr Disintegrator,’ Frederick J. Bram- well on some experiments upon a, at work at Messrs. Gibson and Walker’s flour-mills, Leith, 1871, 229 Carrett (W. E.) on an hydraulic coal- cutting machine, 1866, 141 Carrington (Dr.) on the Annelids of. the Southport sands, 1883, 544 - (Col. H. B.) *on the Indians of the North-western United States, 1875, 1 7 1 ; *on Dacotah, North-west America, 190; *011 chrome steel, 245 Carron valley, county of Linlithgow, D. Milne-Home on high-level terraces in, 1876, 94 Carruthers (W.), enumeration of British Graptolit.es, 1867, 57 ; on Cala- miteee and fossil Equisetacem, 58 ; oil British fossil Cycadeas, 80 * - on reptilian eggs from Secondary strata, 1869, 86 ; *011 ‘ Slickensides,’ ib. - on the history and affinities of the- British Conifene, 1870, 71 ; on the sporangia of ferns from the Coal- measures, ib. ; remarks on the fossils from the railway section at Huyton, ib. ; note on an. Antholithes discovered by C. W. Peach, 72 - on the vegetable contents of masses of limestone occurring in trappean rocks in Fifeshire, and the conditions- under which they are preserved, 1871, 94 - — — on the tree ferns of the Coal- measures, and their affinities with existing forms, 1872, 98 ; on Tra- quairia, a radiolarian rhizopod from the Coal-measures, 126 - on the ‘ Geological Record 1880, 87 — — on the exploration of New Guinea , 1885, 690 - on the fossil plants of the Tertiary and Secondary beds of the United Kingdom, 1886, 241 ; 1887, 229 - - Address to the Biological Section, 1886, 679 - on the flora and fauna of the Came- roons mountain , 1887, 73; on our present knowledge of the fora of China, 94 ; 1888, 420; 1889, 1 12 - on the definition of the Area of the British Marine Fauna and Flora , 1887, 95 - - on the steps taken for establishing a botanical station at Peradeniya , 1887,96; 1888, 421; 1889, 114; 1890. 470 — — on the flora of the Bahamas, 1888, 361 ; on the present state of our know¬ ledge of the zoology and botany of the West India islands, and on the steps taken to investigate ascertained defi - 70 GENERAL INDEX. ciencies in the fauna and flora, 437 ; 1889, 93 ; 1890, 447 *Carstone, H. G. Seeley on the, 18G6, 67 Carte (Dr. A.) on a new species of Ple¬ siosaurus from the Lias near Whitby, Yorkshire, 1862, 68 - - on the voracity of Chiasmodus, 1865, 84 ^Carter (D.) on a modification of the earth-closet, 1872, 242 • - (Dr. L. T. A.) on the lymphatics in the liver of Man and the Pig, 1861, 119 ^Cartilage, the structure of hyaline, Dr. G. Thin on, 1885, 1079 Carved stones recently discovered in Nitlidale, Scotland, anthropological note on, by T. B. Grierson, 1870, 150 Carver (Rev. Canon) on the scientific ex¬ amination of the country in the vicinity of Mount Roraima in Guiana , 1880,690 . - on the promotion of the study of geo¬ graphy , 1887, 158 *Casale district, P. Le Neve Foster, jun., on the irrigation of the, 1873, 214 Casella (L.), Balfour Stewart on a new minimum mercurial thermometer pro¬ posed by, 1861, 74 • - on a new anemometer, 1860, 23 Caselli’s method, Abbe Moigno on speci¬ mens of telegraphic facsimiles pro¬ duced by, 1863, 20 Casey (Prof. J.) on a new form of tan¬ gential equation, 1878, 457 Cash (W.) on the Halifax Hard seam, 1881, 626 • - on the flora of the ‘ Halifax Hard Bed,' Lower Coal Measures, 1882, 267 - - on the fossil plants of Halifax, 1883, 160 - — - on the Carboniferous flora of Halifax and its neighbourhood, 1887, 235 - - on the flora of the Carboniferous rochs of Lancashire and West YorJi- shire, 1888,' 150; 1889, 69; on an ancient sea-beach near Bridlington Quay, 1888, 328; 1889, 70; 1890, 375 - and T. Hick on a fossil stem from the Halifax Coal-measures, 1881, 679 - and J. Lomax on Lepidophloios and Lepidodendron, 1890, 8 10 Casks, Robert Davison on improvements in machinery and apparatus for cleans¬ ing and purifying, 1863, 172 Caspian Sea, Dr. Carpenter on the phy¬ sical geography of the, in its relations to geology, 1873, 165 - - Sea, Dr. Carpenter on the physical geography of the Mediterranean, con¬ sidered in relation to that of the Black Sea and the, 1873, 163 *Cassells (Dr.) on a hypothesis of the perception of articulate speech, 1876, 148 Cassowaries, P. L. Sclater on the distri¬ bution of the species of, 1874, 138 Castracane, Count Abbot, Prof. E. Hull on the discovery of Diatomaceae in coal from Lancashire and other places by, 1875, 74 Casualties at sea, a proposed inter¬ national congress to diminish the, Don A. de Marcoartu on, 1882, 653 - at sea, the diminution of, Don A. de Marcoartu on, 1885, 1201 Cataract, Dr. B. W. Richardson on the artificial production of, 1861, 1 7 1 Catenaries, orbits, and curved rays, Prof. J. D. Everett on the relations between, 1888, 581 Caton (Dr. R.), contributions to the mi¬ gration theory, 1870, 134 - - on a new form of microscope for physiological purposes, 1874, 140; on the teaching of hygiene in Government- schools, 198 Cator (C. O. F.) on a new anemometer, 1864, 16 Cats with an abnormal number of toes, E. B. Poulton on heredity in, 1883, 543 * - with an extra number of toes, here¬ dity in, E. B. Poulton on, 1888, 707 ^Cattle- murrain, Dr. Shettle on the causes of the, 1865, 111 - -plague Entozoa, Dr. Cobbold on the so-called, 1866, 89 * - plague, W. Smith on the progress and extermination of the, in Norfolk, 1868, 177 - foot and mouth disease of : its true history and remedy, Rev. Dr. Ace on, 1883, 620 - disease in South America, Dr. Roy on, 1883, 532 - the herds of wild, in Chartley Park and other I’arhs in Great Britain, re¬ port on, 1887, 135 Cattox (A. R.) on the connection be¬ tween the form and optical properties of crystals, 1864, 10 - *on the molecular constitution of carbon compounds, 1864, 26 ; *011 the direct conversion of acetic acid into butyric and caproic acids, ib. - *a contribution towards the ex¬ pression of the angle between the optic axes of a crystal in terms of the angles between the faces, 1867, 10 ; *on the theory of double refraction, with special reference to the influence of material molecules on the propa¬ gation of light in crystals, ib. ; *on the laws of symmetry of crj’stalline forms, ib. ; *011 the synthesis of formic acid, 32 ; *011 Loewig’s researches on the action of sodium amalgam on oxalic ether, ib. ; 1868, 35 GENERAL INDEX. 71 Catton (A. R.), report of synthetical re¬ searches on organic acids , 1868, 475 - - ^certain facts bearing on the theory of double refraction, 1868, 17; *on Mitscherlich’s law of isomorphism, and on the so-called cases of dimorph¬ ism, 35 * - and P. T. Main on a new synthesis of ammonia, 1867, 40 Caucasus, Capt. Cameron on the ethno¬ logy, geography, and commerce of the, 1861, 189 - Dr. Charnock on the ethnological and philological relations of the, 1872, 177 Caustic surfaces, the physical character of, J. Larmor on, 1890, 742 Cave, Rev. W. S. Symondsonthe contents of King Arthur’s, Whitchurch, Ross, 1871, 109 . - at Oban, Prof. W. Turner on human and animal bones and flints found in a, 1871, 160 * - exploration by Mons. Emilion Frossard, in the Yallee de Campan, Hautes-Pyrenees, France, notes on, by Sir W. Jones, 1874, 88 - near Cappagh, co. Waterford, the discovery of a bone, R. J. Ussher and Prof. A. Leith Adams on, 1879, 338 — — . Dowkerbottom, in Craven, E. B. Poulton on the, 1881, 622 - the Borness, Kirkcudbrightshire, A. R. Hunt on, 1883, 561 - - man of Mentone, the new, T. Wilson on, 1885, 1218 - See £ Kent's Cavern ; ’ ‘ Victoria Cave ' Cavendish’s method, the proof by, that electrical action varies inversely as the square of the distance, Prof. J. H. Poynting on, 1886, 523 Caverns of Luray (Virginia, U.S.A.), R. E. Reynolds on the, 1888, 662 Caves of Derbyshire, Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins on the bone, 1879, 337 - - at Greenhow, near Pately Bridge, J. W. Ellis on the Stump-Cross, 1873, 80 - - of Cefn, near St. Asaph, Prof. T. McK. Hughes and Mrs. W. Wynn on the results of recent further excava¬ tions in the, 1881, 700 - - of North Wales , report on the ex¬ ploration of, 1886, 219 ; Cae Gwyn Cave, 220 ; Ffynnon Beuno Cave , 222 ; 1887, 301 - - - near Tenby, Ed. Laws on the pro¬ posed exploration of certain, 1877, 118 - near Tenby , report of the examina¬ tion of two, 1878, 209 * - in the Limestone hills in Fermanagh, T. Plunkett on the exploration of some, 1877, 76 . - Fermanagh, report on the explora¬ tion of the, 1878, 183 Caves of the South of Ireland, report on the exploration of the, 1880, 209 ; 1881, 218 ; 1882, 240; 1883, 132; R. J. TJssher on the caves and kitchen-midden at Car rig a- gower, co. Cork, 1880, 210; R. Day on the implements found at Carrigagomer , co. Cork, 21 1 - at Malta, A. Leith Adams on fos- silifcrous, 1865, 257; 1866. 458; 1873, 185 • - at Mentone, M. Moggridge on the bones and flints found in the, and ad¬ jacent railway-cutting, 1871, 155 - - of Perigord, Prof. T. Rupert Jones on some bone and other implements from the, bearing marks indicative of ownership, tallying, or gambling, 1872, 189 - Coral-, with human bones in stalag¬ mite on Mangaia, South Pacific, Rev. W. W. Gill on, 1873, 144 Cayley (Arthur) on curves of the third order, 1861, 2 - — report on the adequacy of existing data for carrying into effect the sugges¬ tion of Gauss, to apply his general theory of terrestrial magnetism to the magnetic variations, 1862, 170; report on the progress of the solution of certain special problems of dynamics, 184 (for contents see ‘ Dynamics ’) - on a certain curve of the fourth order, 1862, 3 ; on the representation of a curve in space by means of a cone and monoid surface, ib. - [Prof. A.] on a formula of M. Cliasles relating to the contact of conics, 1864, 1 ; on the problem of the in- and cir¬ cumscribed triangle, ib. ; 1870, 9 - - on a correspondence of points and lines in space, 1870, 10 - on the number of covariants of a binary quantic, 1871, 9 - on certain families of surfaces, 1871, 19 - on mathematical tables, 1873, 1 ; 1875,305; 1878, 172; 1879, 46; 1880, 30; 1881, 303; 1883, 1 18; on instruc¬ tion in elementary geometry, 1873, 459 ; 1876, 8 - on the Mercator’s projection of a surface of revolution, 1873, 9 - - - on the analytical forms called Trees, with application to the theory of chemi¬ cal combinations, 1875, 257 ; on mathe¬ matical notation and printing, 337 - on the analytical forms called fac¬ tions, 1875, 10 - -suggestionof a mechanical integrator for the calculation of | (X<&u + YrZy) along an arbitrary path, 1877, 18 - on Babbage's analytical machine , 1878, 92 72 GENERAL INDEX Cayley [Prof. A.] on the progress of the chief branches of mathematics and physics , 1879, 37 - on the calculation of tables of the fun¬ damental invariants of algebraic forms, 1879, 66 ; 1880, 38 ; 1881, 55 ; 1882, 37 - on a diagram connected with the transformation of elliptic functions, 1881, 534 ; a partial differential equa- tim connected with the simplest case of Abel’s theorem, ib. f - on a proof of Wilson’s theorem, 1882, 450 - Presidential Address at Southport , 1883, 3 - on a form of quartic surface with twelve nodes, 1886, 540 - on the possibility of calculating tables of certain mathematical func¬ tions, 1889, 28 * - on curves in space, 1889, 499 Cedrus Libani, John Hogg on the W el- ling tonia g igantea, with remarks on its form and rate of growth as compared with the, 1868, 100 Cefn Cave, D. Mackintosh on the origin of two polished and sharpened stones from, 1875, 75 - - the caves of, near St. Asaph, North Wales, the results of recent further excavations in, by Prof. T. McK. Hughes and Mrs. Williams Wynn, 1881 , 700 Celebes, Alfred R. Wallace on the pro¬ gress of civilisation in northern, 1861, 149 Celestial photography , report on the pro¬ gress of, by Warren de la Rue, 1861, 94 Cell contents, M. Ward on some, 1883, 537 - pathology, Dr. J. Hughes Bennett on the formation of pus, in reference to the doctrine of, 1865, 101 * - question, discussion on the present aspect of the, 1887, 763 - - theories, J. F. Dickson on, 1861, 122 - walls, the constitution of, and its relation to absorption in mosses, J. It. Yaizey on, 1887, 772 Cells of living beings, Prof. L. S. Beale on the structure and growth of the, 1861, 164 Cellulose and coal, C. F. Cross and E. J. Bevan on, 1881, 603 Celt, German, and Slavonian, the words, their misinterpretation, and its results, Dr. R. G. Latham on, 1883, 567 Celt, an elaborately finished, found on the moors near Marsden, J. W. Davis on, 1879, 395 Celtic engravings, some late, on a slate tablet, found at Towyn, J. Park Harri¬ son on, 1881, 701 Celtic earthworks in Hampshire, in refer¬ ence to the density of the Celtic popu¬ lation, T. W. Shore on, 1888, 852 - ethnology, H. H. Howorth on some new facts in, 1866, ill • - languages, R. S. Charnock on, 1863, 134 - languages, John Crawfurd on the so-called, in reference to the question of race, 1863, 135 Celts, Northumbrian, Rev. G. R. Hall on the social life of the, 1863, 137 *Cement, G. F. Deacon on the form of blocks for testing, 1876, 220 Census of the United Kingdom in 1861, J. T. Hammick on the general results of the, 1861, 220 - of the United Kingdom, report of the committee on a uniformity of plan for the, 1871, 57 - - reform, J. Valentine on, 1871, 223 - of India, the first general, T. W. Saunders on, 1884, 804 - reasons for a Quinquennial, by G. B. Longstaff, 1888, 769 Centenarian longevity, Sir G. D. Gibb on, 1871, 151 Centenarians, living, Sir G. D. Gibb on the vocal organs in, 1873, 128 ^Central Asian railway, the, in relation to the commercial rivalry of England and Russia, Hon. G. Curzon on, 1889, 663 Central nucleus of a plane section, Prof. G. Jung on a new construction for the, 1876, 25 Centre-rail system, the application of the, to a railway in Brazil and to other mountain lines, J. B. Fell on, 1870, 216 - railway, W. C. Thomas on the, 1873, 219 Centres of finite twist and stretch, Prof. R. W. Genese on, 1888, 579 ^Centroids and their application to some mechanical problems, Prof. A. B. W. Kennedy on, 1876, 26 Cephalaspidean fishes, E. Ray Lankester on some new, 1867, 63 Cephalaspis, E. Ray Lankester on the British species of, 1865, 65 Cephalodiscus, a new form allied to Prof. Allman’s Rhabdopleura, dredged in H. M.S. ‘ Challenger,’ preliminary note on, by Prof. McIntosh, 1882, 596 * - S. F. Harmeron, 1887, 759 Cephalopod shells, H. G. Seeley on the significance of the septa and siphuncles of, 1869, 100 Cephalopoda, dibrancliiate, Albany Han¬ cock on certain points in the anatomy and physiology of the, 1861, 166 - Robert Garner on a male octopodous . cuttlefish and some other, 1868, 96 GENERAL INDEX. 73 Cephalopoda, E. Ray Rankest er on the development of the eye of the, 1874, 142 - the homologies of the, J. F. Blake on, 1S79, 376 - - in the deep sea, W. E. Hoyle on the existence of, 1885, 1064 - - note on the hectocotylisation of the, by W. E. Hoyle, 1887, 768 Ceplialopodous ova, Dr. Collingwood on a new form of, 1867, 100 Cephalopods and Gasteropods, some Devonian, Rev. G. F. Whidborne on, 1888, 680 * Cephalotus, the structure of the pitcher of, Prof. A. Dickson on, 1877, 104 - - the six- celled glands of, and their similarity to the glands of Sarracenia giurpurea, Prof. A. Dickson on, 1878, 569 Cerapvs, certain processes formed by, on Tubularia indivisa , Prof. McIntosh on, 1885, 1072 Ceratopsiche, the gigantic (or horned di¬ nosaurs), of North America, Prof. 0. C. Marsh on, 1890, 793 Cereals, Robert Davison on the decorti¬ cation of, 1863, 1 7 1 - F. F. Hallett on the law of the development of, 1869, 113 ^Cerebellum, W. T. S. Prideaux on the functions of the, 1864, 125 - Dr. W. Dickenson on the functions of the, 1865, 106 ^Cerebral localisation, discussion on, 1886, 687 *Cerium, a redetermination of the atomic weight of, H. Robinson on, 1884, 6S1 - the colour of the oxides of, and its atomic weight, H. Robinson on, 1886, 591 Cerruti (G. E.) on his recent explora¬ tions in N.W. New Guinea, 1876, 182 - (Y.) sur les mouvements aperio- diquesdes systemes cle points materiels, 1876, 12 Cervical vertebrae in Cetacea, Prof. J. Struthers on the, 1871, 142 - of Steypiretkyr , Prof. W. Turner on the, 1871, 144 *Cervidae, certain osteological characters in the, and their probable bearings on the past history of the group, Sir Y. Brooke on, 1878, 559 ‘ Cervus Megaceros,' W. Williams on, 1878, 537 Cetacea, Prof. J. Struthers on the cervical vertebrae in, 1871, 142 ; Prof. W. Turner on the placentation in the, 144 - Dr. D. J. Cuningham on the spinal nervous system of the, 1876, 149 * - the development of the skull in, Prof. D’A. Thompson on, 1886, 691 ^Cetacean embryos, the larymx and sto¬ mach of, Prof. D’A. Thompson on, 1887, 740 Cetaceans, Prof. J. Struthers on the carpal bones in various, 1885, 1056 Ceylon, Mutu Coomara Swamy on the ethnology of, 1863, 146 - — - — and India, Commander A. D. Taylor on the proposed ship-canal between, 1871, 189 - Prof. G. Rolleston on the Weddo of, 1872, 194 * - B. F. Hartshorne on the Weddas of, 1875, 175 * - - B. F. Hartshorne on the Rodiyas of, 1876, 165 - the ancient people and irrigation- works of, B. F. Hartshorne on, 1877, 11 7 - the Echinoderm fauna of the island of, Prof. J. F. Bell on, 1885, 1065 * - the flora of, Dr. H. Trimen on, 1886, 688 Chadwick (David) on the progress of Manchester from 1840 to 1860, 1861, 209 ; on recent improvements in cotton- gins, 256 - on the cotton famine, and the sub¬ stitutes for cotton, 1862, 150 - - on the practicability of adopting a common measure of value in the assess¬ ment of direct taxation , 1876, 27 ; 1878, 220 * - on expenditure of wages, 1887, 849 - (E.), the Malthusian theory, 1888, 777 ; amendments founded on experi¬ ences submitted for the Local Govern¬ ment Bill, 779 Cluetog aster vermicularis , E. Ray Lan- kester on the asexual reproduction and anatomy of, 1866, 74 Chain-cable and anchor testing, R. A. Peacock on, 1864, 187 - testing, R. A. Peacock on, and on a proposed new testing-link, 1871, 240 Chain-testing machines, Sir William G. Armstrong on, 1865, 165 *Chalk, contortions in the, at Witliing- ham, near Norwich, J. E. Taylor on, 1865, 76 - escarpment, W. Topley on the relation of the parish boundaries in the south-east of England to great physical features, particularly to the, 1872, 197 - of the Paris basin, Prof. E. Hebert on the, 1872, 104 - Reel, in the Lower Chalk of Suffolk, note on a bed of, by A. J. Jukes-Brown, 1886, 664 * - thickness of the, in Norfolk, C. B. Rose on the, 1868, 77 - in the North of France, undulations of the, and their probable existence 74 GENERAL INDEX. under the Straits of Dover, Prof. E. Hebert on the, 1875, 67 ‘ Challenger,’ the, Capt. J. E. Davis on the scientific voyage of, 1873, 167 - - researches into the physical condi¬ tions of the deep sea, Dr. W. B. Carpenter on the results of the, 1874, 172 * - some instruments used in the, J. Y. Buchanan on, 1876, 63 * - Expedition, the progress of the official report of the, Sir C. Wyville Thomson on, 1878, 633 - - Expedition, exhibition of some of the zoological reports of the, by P. L. Sclater, 1880, 606 Challis (Rev. J.) on the augmenta¬ tion of the apparent diameter of a body by its atmospheric refraction, 1862, 12; on the zodiacal light, and on shooting-stars, ib. ; on the extent of the earth’s atmosphere, 29 - on the mathematical theory of atmospheric tides, 1871, 51 Chalmers target, Capt. Douglas Galton on the, 1866, 145 *Chaimeleon, the systematic position of the, and its affinities with the Dino- sauria, Prof. D’A. W. Thompson on, 1885, 1065 Chamberlain (H. T.), some account of the manufacture and refining of sugar in Bristol, 1875, 39; on the rise and progress of the sugar trade in Bristol, 209 Chambers (C.), rainfall, its variation with elevation of the gauge, 1870, 30 - on magnetic induction as affecting observations of the intensity of the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic force, 1877, 33 - on magnetic observations, 1885, 85 - - - examples of the application of a modified form of Sabine's method of re¬ duction of hourly observations of mag¬ netic declination and horizontal force to a single quarter's registrations of the magnetographs at the Colaba Observa¬ tory , Bombay, 1886, 84 - luni- solar variation of the vertical magnetic force at Bombay , 1887, 334 - Ferret’s theory of the winds, 1890, 745 * — - — (Dr. R.), notice of an ‘Esker’ at St. Fort, 1867, 58 Champain (Lieut.- Col. J. W. B.) on the various means of communication be¬ tween Central Persia and the sea, 1882, 628 Champernowne (A.) on the discovery of a species of starfish in the Devonian beds of South Devon, 1873, 77 - on the succession of the Palaeozoic deposits of South Devon, 1877, 66 Chandless (W.) on an ascent of the river Purus, 1865, 116 Channel Island seas, R. A. Peacock on extensive and deep sinkings of lands in the, 1865, 70 - - Islands, J. Gwyn Jeffreys on the occurrence of certain fossil shells in the sea-bed adjoining the, 1865, 62 - — - Islands, Prof. D. T. Ansted on the climate of the, 1862, 138 - - Islands, problems in the geology of the, Rev. E. Hill on, 1882, 550 - Isles , report by J. Gwyn Jeffreys on dredging among the , 1865, 1 - railway across the, J. F. Bateman and J. J. R&vy on a cast-iron tube for carrying a, 1869, 206 . - railway, project for a, B. Leslie on a, 1880,698 * - steamer, J. White on a form of, 1873, 219 - tunnel, W. Topley on the, 1875, 253 - tunnel, J. C. Hawhsharv on the , 1882, 404 - tunnel, a system of excavating the, by hydraulic machinery, T. R. Cramp- ton on, 1882, 664 - tunnel, the geology of the, Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins on, 1882, 542 - tunnel, the present state of the, and on the boring at Shakespeare Cliff, near Dover, Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins on, 1887, 722 - tunnels, the proposed, in their geological aspects, C. E. De Ranee on, 1882, 544 Characteristics, Prof. T. A. Hirst on Chasles’s method of, 1865, 6 * Charcoal, E. C. C. Stanford on the re¬ tention of organic nitrogen by, 1871, 81 - Dr. R. Angus Smith on the absorp¬ tion of gases by, 1868, 44 * Charlesworth (Edward) on the new elevator gun, 1864, 185 * - - on the substitution of hand for shoulder-guns, illustrated by an ex¬ planatory exhibition of an elevator hand-gun on the breech-loading prin¬ ciple, 1868, 189 Charley (W.) on the injurious effects of dew-rotting flax in certain cases, 1874, 56 *0harlton (W. H.), statistical account of the parish of Bellingham, 1863, 152 Charmouth, Prof. Owen on a dinosaurian reptile ( Scelidosaurus Harrisoni ) from the Lower Lias of, 1861, 121 Charnock (R. S.) on Celtic languages, 1863, 134 - - *on the origin of the Gipsies, 1865, 1 17 ; on Cannibalism in Europe, ib. * - on the people of Andorra, 1866, 96, 107 - on Le Sette Communi, a German GENERAL INDEX. 75 colony in the neighbourhood of Vicenza, 1871, 148 Charnock (R. S.) on Sussex river-names, 1872, 176; on certain geographical names in the county of Sussex, 177 ; on the Roumanian gipsies, ib. ; on the gipsy dialect called ‘ Sim,’ ib. . - and Dr. C. Carter Blake on the Mosquito and Wulwa dialects, 1869, 129 - - and Dr. Carter Blake on the physical, mental, and philological cha¬ racteristics of the Wallons, 1871, 148 Charnwood Forest, Prof. D. T. Ansted on the metamorphic origin of the porphy- ritic rocks of, 1863, 64 Charts, Francis Galton on the conversion of wind-charts into passage-, 1866, 17 - on gnomonic projection, G. J. Morrison on the adoption (for the general purposes of navigation) of, instead of on Mercator’s projection, 1874, 42 - synoptic weather-, of the Indian Ocean, Charles Meldrum on, 186S, 28 - daily synoptic, of the Indian Ocean from the year 1861, report of the Com¬ mittee for co-operating with the Meteoro¬ logical Society of the Mauritius in their proposed publication of ’, 1882, 38 ; 1883, 1 18 ; 1884, 32 ; 1885, 60 * - daily synoptic, of the Indian Ocean, C. Meldrum on, 1885, 917 Chasles (M.), Prof. Cayley on a formula of, relating to the contact of conics, 1864, 1 Chasles’s method of characteristics, Prof. T. A. Hirst on, 1865, 6 - theorem on systems of conics satis¬ fying four conditions, Halphen’s new form of, Dr. T. A. Hirst on, 1878, 464 Chauves-souris de l’epoque du mam- mouth et de l'epoque actuelle, Prof. Van Beneden sur les, 1871, 135 Cheadle (Dr.) and Viscount Milton on an expedition across the Rocky Moun¬ tains into British Columbia by the Yellow-head or Heather Pass, 1864, 141 Cheltenham, Dr. Edward Wilson on the sanitary statistics of, 1864, 1S0 Chemical Section, Addresses by the Presidents of the : — Manchester, Prof. W. A. Miller, 1861, 75 Cambridge, Prof. W. H. Miller, 1862, 35 Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Prof. A. W. Williamson, 1863, 28 Bath, W. Odling, 1864, 21 Birmingham, Prof. W. A. Miller, 1865, 22 Nottingham, Dr. H. Bence Jones, 1866, 28 Dundee, Prof. T. Anderson, 1867, 2S Norwich, Prof. E. Frankland,1868,3i Chemical Section, Addresses by the Presidents of the : — Exeter, H. Debus, 1869, 54 Liverpool, Prof . H. E. Roscoe, 1870, 44 Edinburgh, Prof. Andrews, 1871, 56 Brighton, Dr. J. H. Gladstone, 1872, 64 Bradford, Dr. W. J. Russell, 1873, 52 Belfast, Prof. A. Crum Brown, 1874, 45 Bristol, A. G. V. Harcourt, 1875, 32 Glasgow, W. H. Perkin, 1876, 55 Plymouth, Prof. F. A. Abel, 1877, 43 Dublin, Prof. M. Simpson, 1878, 501 ^Sheffield, Prof. J. Dewar, 1879, 293 Swansea, Dr. J. H. Gilbert, 1880, 507 York, Prof. A. W. Williamson, 1881, 568 Southampton, Prof. G. D. Liveing, 1882, 479 Southport, Dr. J. H. Gladstone, 1883, 448 Montreal, Prof. Sir H. E. Roscoe, 1884, 659 Aberdeen, Prof. H. E. Armstrong, 1885, 945 Birmingham, W. Crookes, 1886, 558 Manchester, Dr. E. Schunck, 1887, 624 Bath, Prof. W. A. Tilden, 1888, 620 Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Sir Lowthian Bell, 1889, 521 Leeds, Prof. T. E. Thorpe, 1890, 761 Chemical action, A. Vernon Harcourt on a particular case of induced, 1862, 43 - actions of light discovered by Prof. Tyndall , Prof. Aug. Morren on the , 1869, 66 - action between solids, Prof. T. E. Thorpe on the, 1881, 580 * - - action in a magnetic field, Prof. H. A. Rowland on, 1887, 589 - affinity, heat, and electricity. Dr. Gladstone and A. Tribe on the mutual helpfulness of, in producing the decom¬ position of water, 1872, 75 - - - affinity, the determination of, in term of electromotive force, Dr. C. R. A. Wright on, 1885, 978 - affinities, note on a new method of measuring certain, by A. Tribe, 1881, 592 - aspect of the storage of power, Prof. E. Frankland on the, 1884, 673 - attraction as a mechanical stress. Prof. J. W. Langley on a probable manifestation of, 1887, 657 - change, A. Vernon Harcourt on the rate of, 1864, 28 - reaction, suggestions for computing the speed of, by Prof. R. B. Warder, 1883, 456 76 GENERAL INDEX. ^Chemical changes, Dr. Hurter on the time needed for the completion of, 1870, 60 - changes in their relations to micro¬ organisms, Prof. E. Frankland on, 1884, 68 1 - combinations, Prof. A. Cayley on tlie analytical forms called trees , with application to the theory of, 1875, 257 . - - compounds, the colour of, Prof. T. Carnelley on, 1884, 688 - - compounds, Rev. Prof. J. H. Jellett on a method by which certain definite may be optically established, 1869, 23 — properties, the relation of, geomet¬ rical structure to, Prof. Wislicenus on, 1887, 647 * - constitution and crystalline form, Gf. J. Stoney on the relation between, 1883, 464 - constitution and optical properties of essential oils, report on, 1872, 31 1, 313 ; 1873, 214; 1874, 17 * - constitution and physiological activity, Dr. Crum Brown on the con¬ nection between, 1868, 113 - constitution and physiological action, report of the committee on the connec¬ tion between , 1869, 209 45 - problems presented by living bodies, discussion on the, 1888, 631 - constituents of the solar system, some points connected with the, Dr. J. II. Gladstone on, 1877, 41 * - decomposition, Prof. Clifford on the general equations of, 1874, 10, 57 - dynamics, Dr. J. H. Gladstone and Alfred Tribe on, 1871, 70 * - dynamics, contributions to, by Dr. C. R. A. Wright, 1877, 54 — — elements, Prof. Zenger on the velo¬ city of light in the, and on their crys¬ talline form, 1872, 46 * - elements, Prof. Zenger on the correlation between specific weight and specific heat of, 1873, 40 - elements, the possible genesis of the, out of a homogeneous cosmic gas or common vapour of matter, Dr. Macvicar on, 1876, 65 - - elements, the nature of the, Prof. T. Carnelley on, 1885, 969 - elements, the representation of, by physical forms, Dr. I. Ashe on, 1889, 546 * - equations, Prof. Crum Brown on the mode of writing, 1874, 56 * - equilibrium, an example of, A. Vernon Harcourt on, 1884, 671 * - formulas, closed-chain, J. E. Marsh on, 1888, 631 - formulae, Dr. T. Wood on the new, with reference to schools and examin¬ ations, 1865, 40 Chemical fractionation, W. Crookes on the methods of, 1886, 583 * - knowledge, modern progress in, Prof. H. E. Armstrong on certain points in, 1881, 589 - nomenclature, Dr. A. Crum Brown on, 1872, 69 - nomenclature, the present state of, Prof. A. W. Williamson on, 1881, 593 - nomenclature, report on, 1883, 127 ; 1884, 39; 1885, 262 - - nomenclature, suggestedamendment of, by Prof. A. Smithells, 1887, 652 - - operations, calculus of, proposed by Brodie, Dr. Crum Brown on the, 1867, 3i - philosophy, Dr. Otto Richter on an original system of, comprising the de¬ termination of the volume-equivalents, as also a new theory of the specific volumes of liquid and solid substances, 1868, 42 - - - research, report of the committee for collecting and suggesting subjects for, 1876, 314 - theories and refraction equivalents, Dr. ,T. H. Gladstone on, 1868, 37 - - theory of gunpowder, Dr. Debus on the, 1875, 40 * - views on the constitution of matter, Prof. A. W. Williamson on, 1883, 459 _ — manufactures of the northern dis¬ tricts, report on the, by Thomas Richard¬ son, J. C. Stevenson, and R. C. Clapham, 1863, 701 * - works, air-pollution from, A. E. Fletcher on, 1870, 56 - method of treating the excreta of towns, Edward C. C. Stanford on a, 1869, 76 Chemico-magnetic action, some pheno¬ mena which appear to be of the nature of, W. Thomson on, 1881, 590 fChemin de ferglissant, Sir D. Galton on the, 1889, 746 Chemistry, manufacturing , report on the progress of, in South Lancashire, 1861, 108 * - C. G. Wheeler on the recent pro¬ gress of, in the United States, 1871, 83 - integral weights in, Dr. T. Sterry Hunt on, 1887, 637 - - as a branch of education, Dr. Thomas Wood on, 1868, 49 - elementary, Dr. T. Wood on teach¬ ing, to boys under 14 years of age, 1872, 87 - the teaching of, in elementary schools, W. L. Carpenter on, 1883, 474 - the teaching of, M. M. P. Muir on, 1887, 651 - - as a school subject, by Rev. A. Irving, 1888, 634 - the present methods of teaching , GENERAL INDEX. report on, 1888, 73; 1889, 228 ; sugges¬ tions for a course of elementary instruc¬ tion in physical science, by Prof. Arm¬ strong, 229; the teaching of chemistry in public elementary schools, by Prof. Smithells , 251 ; third report, 1890, 265 * Chemistry, the history of, report on recent inquiries into, 1890, 771 - report of the committee for superin¬ tending the publication of the monthly reports of the progress of ', 1871, 59; 1873, 451 ; 1875, 184 * Cheques, See., F. Ward on the prevent ion of fraudulent alterations in, 1876, 70 Chekmside (Lieut. Id.) on Mr. Leigh Smith’s voyages to Spitsbergen, 1874, 171 Cherriman (Prof. J. B.) on promoting tidal observations in Canada, 1885, 33 ; 1886, 150; 1887, 31; 1888, 27; 1889, 27; 1890, 183 Chert debris in the Hampshire gravel, Prof. J. Prestwich on the, 1882, 529 - in the Carboniferous Limestone series of Ireland, the organic origin of the, and its similarity to that in the cor¬ responding strata in North Wales and Yorkshire, Dr. G. J. Hinde on, 18S7, 688 Cheshire boulders, the composition and origin of, J. C. Antrobus and Dr. F. H. Hatch on, 1890, 813 - salt-field, notes on the, by C. E. De Bance, 1881, 650 Chesney (Gen. F. R .) on the exploration of Moab, 1872, 210 Chess problem, Lieut.-Gol. A. Cunning¬ ham on a, 1890, 745 Chessboard, contributions to the mathe¬ matics of the, by H. M. Taylor, 1875, 21 Chest-types in man, the experimental production of, G. W. Ilambleton on, 1887, 903 - notes on, by Dr. G. W. Hambleton, 1888, 849 Chetwynd (W.) on the progress of pos¬ tal banks, 1864, 163 Chevallier (Prof. T.) on an instrument for ascertaining the height of a cloud, 1863, 21 Cheviot rocks, note on the age of the, by G. A. Lebour, 1877, 72 *Cheyne (Commander), suggestion for anew Polar expedition, with a proposed route, 1877, 40 Chiaris alba, Dr. Robert O. Cunningham on, 1869, ill Chiasmodus , Dr. Carte on the voracity of, 1865, 84 Chico in Southern Patagonia, the dis¬ covery of the sources of the, Don R. Lista on, 1879, 436 Chiene (Dr J.), an experimental inquiry into some of the results of inoculation in the lower animals, 1871, 138 Child (Dr. Gilbert W.) on marriages of consanguinity, 1862, 104 - on protoplasm and the germ theory, 1870, 131 * Children, S. P. Day on the power of rearing, among savage tribes, 1866, 96 - pauper, the education of, industrially and otherwise, Rev. J. O. Bevan on, 18S3, 629 * - Dr. C. S. Minot on the growth of, 1884, 785 Children’s hospitals, Dr. W. Stephenson on the scientific aspects of, 1871, 221 Chile, Southern, the Tertiary Coal-fielcI of, G. A. Lebour and W. Mundle on, 1870, 78 ^Chilian tumulus, J. H. Madge on a, 1880, 636 « - manganese ore, J. and Dr. H. S. Pattinson on, 1889, 537 *Chilingworth (J. T.) on an air- engine, 1869, 209 *Chimmo (Capt.) on Cagayan Sul it Island, 1871, 176 Chimneys, A. E. Fletcher on a new anemo¬ meter for measuring the speed of air in flues and, 1869, 48 * - the effect of wind on the draught of, Prof. Lord Rayleigh on, 1882, 4 77 Chimpanzee, Dr. Embleton on certain parts of the anatomy of a young, 186H, ii3 - and man, some important points of comparison between the, Prof. D. J. Cunningham on, 1885, 1226 - and gorilla, observations on the- myology of the, by Dr. J. Symington, 1889, 629 China, Baron von Richthofen on the- Loess of Northern, 1873, 86 * - Baron von Richthofen on the dis¬ tribution of coal in, 1873, 173 - seas, Dr. Collingwood on some remarkable marine animals observed in the, 1867, 81 - the flora of, report on our present ltnowleclge of, 1887, 94; 1888, 420; 1889, 112 - Colonel Sykes on modes of banking- in, 1866, 134 - industrial and commercial progress- in, R. S. Gundry on, 1889, 663 - Alex. Michie’s notes on, 1864, 145 - — South-western, journeyings in, A, Hosie on, 1885, 1 137 - North, and Corea, J. D. Rees on, 1886, 734 - Henry Duckworth on a new com¬ mercial route to, 1861, 194 - to the North of India, letter from Sir H. Robinson, relating to the journey of Major Sarel, Capt. Blakiston, Dr. Barton, and another, who are endea¬ vouring to pass from, 1861, 196 78 GENERAL INDEX China, Captain Henderson on routes be¬ tween India and, 1863, 137 — — "Western, Trelawney W. Saunders on Mr. Cooper’s attempt to reach India from, 1869, 166 - Major Sladen on trade routes be¬ tween Burmah and, 1871, 189 - Dr. M‘Cosh on Assam, and an over¬ land communication with, 1873, 172 - overland route to, from India via Assam, the question of an, by C. H. Lepper, 1882, 612 * — — Western, Col. Yule on trade-routes to, 1875, 197 - the sea-route to, from Western Asia, notes on the oldest records of, by Col. Yule, 1882, 347 - and India, Andrew Henderson on the rise and progress of clipper and steam navigation on the coasts and rivers of, 1861, 258 fChindwin river, Upper Burmah, explora¬ tions on the, in 1886-87, by Col. R. G. Woodthorpe, 1888, 741 Chinese, the southern, the advance of, H. S. Hallett on, 1883, 598 - insect white wax, A. Hosie on, 1885, 1064 * - iron, the analysis of, Dr. S. Mac¬ adam on, 1863, 191 * - the use of opium among the, Dr. G. Thin on, 1870, 157 *Chinoline bases, Prof. J. Dewar on the, 1879, 317 - and pyridine bases, further re¬ searches by Prof. J. Dewar and Dr. McKendrick, on the ptrysiological action of the, 1875, 165 * - the transformation of, into aniline, Prof. J. Dewar on, 1876, 63 * - and pyridine, the substitution compound of, Prof. McKendrick and Dr. W. Ramsay on the physiological action of, 1877, 1 1 1 *Chippindall (Lieut. W. H.) on a journey towards the outlet of the Nile from the Lake Albert Nyanza, 1875, 190 * - observations on the White Nile between Gondokoro and Appuddo, 1876, 182 * Chironomus, the development of the head of the fly of, Prof. L. C. Miall and A. Hammond on, 1890, 860 Cliiroptera, report on the geographical distribution of the, by G. E. Dobson, 1878, 158 - - report on accessions to our linoivledge of the, during the past two years (1878- 80), by G. E. Dobson, 1880, 169 Chitonidm, Dr. P. P. Carpenter on the primary divisions of the, 1875, 161 - the presence of eyes and other sense organs in the shells of the, Prof. H. N. Moseley on, 1881, 780 Clilamydomy xa labyrinthuloides (n. g. et sp.), a new sarcodic freshwater or¬ ganism, W. Archer on, 1874, 136 * - notes on, by P. A. Geddes, 1881, 680 Chlamydophorus truncatus , the osteology of, E. Atkinson on, 1870, no Chloeon ( Ephemera ) dimidiatum, Sir John Lubbock on the transformations of, 1865, 89 Chloracetic acid, J. Y. Buchanan on the rate of action of caustic soda on a watery solution of, at 100° C., 1871, 67 Chloral, hydrate of, Dr. B. W. Richard¬ son on the physiological action of, 1869, 222 - hydrate , on the physiological action of 1870, 159; 1871, 145 — — hydrate and anaesthetics generally, Dr. W. Alexander on the physiology of therapeutics of the, 1884, 785 Chlor-ethylidene, vionochloruretted chlo¬ ride of ethyl, on the physiological action of, 1871, 157 Chloride of aluminium, the decomposing action exerted by, on hydrocarbons, Profs. C. Friedel and J. M. Crafts on, 1883, 468 ^Chlorides, certain abnormal, Prof. H. E. Roscoe on, 1 874, 67 Chlorimetry, John Smyth on improve¬ ments in, 1871, 81 ^Chlorine, Dr. Bauer on the action of, on amylene, 1866, 33 - J. H. Gladstone on the refraction- and dispersion-equivalents of, 1866, 37 - Walter Weldon on a new manufac¬ turing process for the perpetual re¬ generation of oxide of manganese used in the manufacture of, 1867, 48 * — — the Weldon process for the manu¬ facture of, W. Weldon on, 1870, 68 - Walter Weldon on the manufacture of, by means of perpetuallyregenerated manganite of calcium, 1869, 79 - W. Weldon on the manufacture of, by means of manganite of magnesium, 1872, 86 - - - process, a new, without manganese, H. Deacon on, 1870, 54 *— — - the manufacture of soda and, W. Weldon on, 1884, 679 - the action of, upon the nitroprus- sides, Prof. E. W. Davy on, 1878, 505 - — - preliminary report on the thermal equivalents of the oxides of, 1871, 193 - - hypochlorous acid, See., and peroxide of hydrogen, T. Fairley on, 1874, 57 Chlorines, deliquescent, the purification of public thoroughfares by the appli¬ cation of, W. J. Cooper on, 1870, 53 Chloritic marl of Ashwell, Herts, a boulder from the, H. G. Fordham on, 1883, 505 GENERAL INDEX. 79 Chlorochromic anhydride, the absorption spectrum of, G-. J. Stoney and Prof. J. E. Reynolds on, 1878, 434 Chloroform accidents, Dr. Charles Kidd on simple syncope as a coincident in, 1862, 130 - accidents, Dr. Charles Kidd on restoring patients in, 1863, 116 _ Dr. Richardson on the physiological action of, 1867, 54 - anesthesia, Dr. Kidd on the phy¬ siology of sleep and of, 1869, 125 _ W. H. Perkin on chloride of me¬ thylene obtained from, by means of nascent hydrogen, 1868, 40 Chlorophyll, Dr. W. Hinds on the iden¬ tity of origin of starch and, 1865, 81 - in animals, the occurrence of, Dr. C. A. MacMunn on, 1883, 532 - - - note on some conditions of the development, and of the activity, of, by Prof. J. H. Gilbert, 1885, 970 *Chloro-sulphuric acid, J. Dewar and G. Cranston on some reactions of, 1869, 67 Cholera, Dr. L. Brunton on physiological researches on the nature of, 1873, 124 Chontales, Nicaragua, Captain Bedford Pirn on the mining-district of, 1867, 127 Choptank river, Maryland, U.S.A., notes on the shell-mounds and ossuaries of the, by Chev. R. E. Reynolds, 1888, 845 Chorea, Dr. J. Turnbull on the physiolo¬ gical and medicinal properties of sul¬ phate of aniline, and its use in the treatment of, 1861, 177 Clioreocholax polysiphonice, Reinscli, ex¬ hibited by Prof. M‘Nab, 1876, 144 f Christiansen’s experiment, an improved apparatus for, Lord Rayleigh on, 1885, 93° Christie (W. H. M.) on the lest means of comparing and reducing magnetic observations, 1885, 82; 1886, 64; 1887, 320; 1888,28; 1889,49; 1890, 172 Christison (Prof. R.) on technical and scientific evidence in courts of lam , 1862, 373; 1866,456 - on the action of mercury on the secretion of bile, 1868, 187 - [Sir R.] on the antagonism between the action of active substances, 1872, 124 Christmas Island, the natural history of, J. J. Lister on, 1888, 708 Chromascope, and what it reveals, John Smith on the, 1861, 33; the prism and chromascope, ib. Chromatoscope, A. Claudet on the star, 1863, 5 *Chrome steel, Col. Carrington on, 1875, 245 - iron ore of Japan, Prof. E. Divers on the, 1881, 587 Chromic acid, the employment of, instead of nitric acid, in the Bunsen cell, J. W. Swan on, 1889, 512 ^Chromium salt, R. Gerstl on different spectra of one, 1868, 38 - J. Priestley on the physiological action of, 1876, 156 * Chronograph at Dunsink Observatory, Prof. R. S. Ball on a specimen of the work of the new, 1883, 400 Chronological list of works on the coast - changes and shore deposits of England and Wales , by W. Whitaker, 1885, 442 Chronology, comparative, of the migra¬ tions of man in America, H. Clarke on the, in relation to comparative philology, 1873, 141 * Chrysanthemum leucanthemum , Prof. Dickson on an abnormality in, 1874, 133 Chrystal (Prof. G .)on standards for use in electrical measurements, 1883, 41 ; 1884,29; 1885, 31; 1886, 145; 1887, 206; 1888, 55; 1889, 41 ; 1890, 95 - on comparing and reducing magnetic observations, 1885, 65; 1886, 64; 1887, 320; 1888, 28; 1889,49; 1890, 172 - Address to the Mathematical and Physical Section, 1885, 889 - on a differential gravity meter , 1886, 141 ; 1887, 41 ; 1888, 72 - - on the marine biological station at Granton, 1888, 319; on arranging an investigation of the seasonal variations of temperature in lakes , rivers, and estuaries , 1888, 326 ; 1889, 44; 1890, 92 - on Ohm's law, 1890, 14 1 - - and S. A. Saunder, results of a comparison of the British Association units of electrical resistance, 1876, 13; report on experiments for test ing Ohm's law, 52 Chudleigh, Devon, W. Pengelly on an urn from, 1876, 169 - the junction of the Limestone and Culm-measures near, C.Reid on, 1877, 76 Chukchi peninsula, notes on a visit by Drs. Arthur and Aurel Krause to the, in 1881, 1882, 612 Church (A. H.), ^'contributions to mineralogical chemistry, 1870, 53 ; ^experiments on the preservation of stone, ib. Churchill (Lord A.) on the exploration of New Guinea, 1885, 690 Cider, Somersetshire, J. Higgins on, 1888, 759 Cilicia, North-eastern, exploration in, J. T. Bent on, 1890, 893 *Cimbri, Rev. Canon Rawlinson on the ethnography of the, 1875, 178 ^Cinchona, the cultivation of, in India, C. R. Markham on, 1863, 191 ; *1866, 75 Cinnamic acid, he preparation of, T. M. Morgan on, 1883, 458 80 GENERAL INDEX. Cinnamic acids, some new, Prof. W. H. Perkin and Dr. J. B. Cohen on, 1887, 667 ^Cinnamon, oil of, W. L. Scott on the artificial production of, 1867, 40 Circassian and Etruscan, Hyde Clarke on, 1874, 147 Circassians, or White Khazars, H. H. Howorth on the, 1869, 135 Circle sailing, windward great, J. T. Towson on, 1870, 177 - J. J. Sylvester on the successive involutes to a, 1868, 10; 1869, 15 - a remarkable, through two points of a conic, R. W. Genese on, 1890, 745 ^Circles, M. Collins on the common tan¬ gents of, 1869, 9 *— — on a sphere, the distribution of, Prof. H. J. S. Smith on, 1880, 476 - - - transformations in the geometry of, A. Larmor on, 1887, 607 Circulation and distribution of the atmo¬ sphere, Prof. Everett on the general, 1871, 54 - of the hlood, effects of some narcotic vapours on the minute, 1871, 159 - H. G. Brooke and E. 0. Hopwood on the changes in the, which are in¬ duced when the blood is expelled from the limbs by Esmarch’s method, 1876, 147 - of the blood, Prof. A. Buchanan on the pressure of the atmosphere as an auxiliary force in carrying on the, 1871, 137 * - of the blood, exhibition of a model of the, by Prof. Rutherford, 1871, 141 - - of the underground maters in the Jurassic, New Red Sandstone, and Permian formations of England, see Underground maters *Cissbury Camp, Prof. G. Rolleston on the animal remains found in, 1875, 178 *— - Camp, Sussex, Col. A. H. Lane Fox on recent investigations in, 1875, 173 Cist of the Stone Age, E. Roberts and Prof. Busk on the opening of a, near the coast of the Moray Firth, 1863, 146 * - found at Parkhill, Dyce, in Oct. 1881, notes on a, by W. Ferguson, 1885, 1225 - in the parish of Leslie, Aberdeen¬ shire, notes on the opening of a, by Rev. J. Russell, 1885, 1224 Civil Service, Horace Mann on some statistics relating to the, 1868, 174 Civilisation, Robert Dunn on the in¬ fluence of, upon the development of the brain in the different races of man, 1865, 1 19 - Sir John Lubbock on the origin of, and the tarly condition of man, 1867, 1 18 ; 1869, 137 - Eastern, P. Harrison on the passage of, across the Pacific, 1873, 146 Clapham (R. C.) on the chemical manu¬ factures of the northern districts, 1863, 701 - on minerals and salts found in coal-pits, 1863, 37 *Clapp (Dr. W. J.) on the Xant-y-glo coal-cutting machine, 1873, 213 Clark (D. K.) on torbite (a new prepa¬ ration of peat) and its uses, 1865, 175 - (J.) on electric launches, 1883, 652 * - (J. E.), glacial sections at York, and their relation to the later deposits, 1881, 614 ■ - (Latimer) on the formation of standards of electrical quantity and resistance, 1861, 37 * - on electrical tensions, 1862, 195 - on the Birmingham ware-gauge, 1867, 153 ; 1869, 209 - on standards of electrical resistance, 1867,474! 1869,434 - on the advisability of obtaining a uniform wire-gauge, 1868, 189 — — on a new form of constant galvanic battery, 1871, 47 - on the determination of a gauge for the manufacture of various small screms, 1882, 311 ; 1883, 318; 1884, 287 Clark’s standard cells, Prof. Lord Ray¬ leigh on, 1884, 651 Clark (Stewart) on the ventilation of barracks and other public buildings in India, 1863, m * - on an apparatus for estimating the organic impurities in atmospheric air and in water, 1864, 26 Clarke (Major-Gen. Sir A.) on the erosion of the sea-coasts of England and Wales, 1884, 238 ; 1885, 404 ; 1S86, 847 ; 1888, 898 - (F. W.), the chemical structure of some natural silicates, 1887, 650 ■ - (Hyde) on the Iberian population of Asia Minor anterior to the Greeks, 1 864, 140 - on the Western Asia Minor coal- and iron-basins, and on the geology of the district, 1868, 61 ; on the progress of Turkey, 157 - - - on the want of statistics on the question of mixed races, 1869, 181 ; on the distinction between rent and land- tax in India, ih. ; on variations in the rapidity and rate of human thought, ih. - note on the distribution of names in prehistoric times, 1870, 144; propo¬ sition for a census of local names, 189 - on the ethnological and philological relations of the Caucasus, 1872, 177 - on the Mangnema or Manyema of Dr. Livingstone, 1872, 178; on poly¬ gamy as affecting population, 224 ; on the progress of the through railway to India, 242 GENERAL INDEX. 81 Clarke (Hyde) on prehistoric names of weapons, 1873, 141 ; on the comparative chronology of the migrations of man in America in relation to comparative philology, ib. ; on the Ashantee and Fantee languages, 142 ; on the report ■concerning Bushman researches of Dr. W. H. Bleek, Ph.D., ib. ; on the in¬ fluence of large centres of population on intellectual manifestation, 186; on the progress of the through railway to India, 213 - - on the river-names and populations of Hibernia, and their relation to the Old World and America, 1874, 146; on the Phoenician inscription of Brazil, ib. ; on the Agaw race in Caucasia, Africa, and South America, ib. ; on Circassian and Etruscan, 147 ; on the classification of the Akka and Pygmy languages of Africa, ib. — - on prehistoric culture in India and Africa, 1875, 17 1 ; further note on pre¬ historic names of weapons, 172 ; on the Himalayan origin of the Magyar and Fin languages, ib. ~ — - on the prehistoric names for man, monkey, lizard, &c., 1876, 165 ; on Hittite, Khita, Hamath, Canaanite, Lydian, Etruscan, Peruvian, Mexican, &c., ib. ; on the part in the operation of capital due to fixed or limited amounts invested in trade, 198 - on the debts and liabilities of sove¬ reign and quasi-sovereign states due to foreign creditors, 1877, 174 - - on the prehistoric relations of the Babylonian, Egyptian, and Chinese characters and culture, 1878, 590 - - on the Yarra and the languages of Australia in connection with those of the Mozambique and Portuguese Africa, 1879, 381 ; on High Africa as the centre of a white race, 402 ; on credit as an asset of a state, 469 - - on drum-signalling in Africa, 1880, 620; on a manuscript, perhaps Khita, discovered by Capt. Gill in 'VYestern China, 621 ; recent doubts on mono- syllabism in philological classification, ib. ; on the pre-Cymric epoch in Wales, 629 ; on the antiquity of gesture and sign language, and the origin of cha¬ racters and speech, 630 ; on the dis¬ covery of a bi-lingual seal in Cuneiform and Khita, 633 ; further researches on the prehistoric relations of the Baby¬ lonian, Chinese and Egyptian charac¬ ters, language and culture, and their connection with sign and gesture lan¬ guage, 635 ; on the ‘ Yei Syllabary ’ of Liberia, West Africa, ib. ; on the pro¬ gress of the English stations in the hill regions of India, 686 Clarke (Hyde) on the numerical and philological relations of the Hebrew, Phoenician, or Canaanitic alphabet and the language of the Khita inscriptions, 1881, 698; the early colonisation of Cyprus and Attica and its relation to Babylonia, ib. ; ‘^exhibition of stone implements from Asia Minor, 703 ; on the relation of the gold standard in England to the international money market, 759 - - the names Britannia and Hiber¬ nia, with their Iberian relations, 1882, 604; the Lolo character of Western China, 607 ; on the formula of Alfred R. Wallace in its relations to characters and alphabets, 60S ; on some influences affecting the progress of our shipping and carrying trade, 640 — — the Yahgan Indians of Tierra del Fuego, 1883, 572 ; the English-speaking populations of the world, 618; the growth of Barrow-in-Furness, &c., 623 ; a comparison of Morecambe Bay, Barrow-in-Furness, North Lancashire, West Cumberland, &c., in 1836 and 1883, 631 - prospective prices in Europe, America, and Asia, 1884, 868 ; observa¬ tions on the Mexican zodiac and astro¬ logy, 916; notes on researches as to American origins, 922 - on depression of prices and results of economy of production, and on the prospect of recovery, 1885, 1168; the Piets and pne-Celtic Britain, 1223 - the causes affecting the reduction in the cost of producing silver, 1886, 767 ; remarks on the principles applic¬ able to colonial loans and finance, 776 — — effective consumption and effective prices in their economical and statisti¬ cal relations, 1887, 832 - - the increase in Europe and America of nominal or fictitious capital, 1889, 706 ; the right of property in trees on another’s land, as an origin of rights of property, 783 - (Prof. J. W.) on the origin and anti¬ quity of the mounds of Arkansas, U.S., 1877, 67 - (T. C.) and C. Macdonald, Louis ville and New Albany bridge, 1886, 799 - (Dr. W.) on a revision of national taxation, 1861, 216 - (W. E.) on the migration of birds, 1884, 266; 1885, 685 ; 1886, 264; 1887. 70 - on mailing a digest of the observa¬ tions on the migration of birds, 1889, 1 14 ; 1890, 464 Classification of animals, James Hinton on a physiological, 1862, 130 - of plants, Dr. Maxwell T. Masters 82 GENERAL INDEX. on the value of the characters employed in the, 1869, 1 14 Classification of the vegetable kingdom, Prof. M‘Nab on the, 1877, 104 «. - of flowering plants considered phy- togenetically, Prof. M‘Nab on the, 1877, 104 . - of the sedimentary rocks, Prof. T. McK. Hughes on the, 1875, 70 Claudet (A.) on the means of following the small divisions of the scale regu¬ lating the distances and enlargement in the solar camera, 1862, 18 - - on the star chromatoscope, 1863, 5 ; on some phenomena produced by the refractive power of the eye, 1863, 11 - on photo-sculpture, 1864, 10 - - on moving photographic figures, illustrating some phenomena of vision connected with the combination of the stereoscope and the phenakistoscope by means of photography, 1865, 9 - foptics of photography — on a new process for equalising the definition of all the planes of a solid figure repre¬ sented in a photographic picture, 1866, 9 ; on a variable diaphragm for tele¬ scopes and photographic lenses, 23 ; on a magnifying stereoscope with a single lens, ib. - - *on photographic portraits obtained by single lenses of rock crystal and topaz, 1867, 10 ; ton a mechanical means of producing the differential motion required to equalise the focus for the different planes of a solid, ib. ; *on a new fact of binocular vision, ib. Claudet’s process for the extraction of silver, J. A. Phillips on, 1870, 61 Clausius (Prof. R.) on the authorship of electrolytic theory , 1888, 346 *Clavatella , Dr. Allman on the generative zooid of, 1862, 100 Claw, the serrated, P. M. C. Kermode on the use of, 1881, 670 *Clay (Lieut.-Col.) on appliances for the production of heavy forging, 1870, 21 1 Clay soils, J. Smyth, jun., on an apparatus for testing the water- stopping efficiency of, and other substances under pres¬ sure, 1872, 250 Clayden (A. W.), perspective maps and common maps, 1888, 740 - on dark flashes of lightning, 1889, 507 ; on two models illustrating the action of the winds in relation to ocean currents, 669 *Claypole (E. W.) on a fossil tree from the Upper Silurian of Ohio, 1879, 343 - Pennsylvania before and after the elevation of the Appalachian moun¬ tains, 1884, 718; on some remains of fish from the Upper Silurian rocks of Pennsylvania, 733 Clay:pole (E. W.) on some recent inves¬ tigations into the condition of the interior of the earth, 1888, 669 Clays, Miocene, of Bovey Tracey, W. Pengelly on the source of the, 1869, 99 * Cleater (J. J.) on colour and chromula, 1866, 72 Cleghorn (Dr. Hugh) on the Deodar forests of the Himalaya, 1865, 79 — — - on the distribution of the principal timber trees of India, and the progress of forest conservatory, 1868, 91 - on the influence of forests on the rain¬ fall, 1873, 488 - on the researches on food-fishes and invertebrates at the St. Andrews marine laboratory , 1886, 268 ; 1888, 141 * - - (Sheriff) on the Wellington refor¬ matory, 1871, 21 1 * Clegram (W. B.) on Sharpness Docks, 1875, 245 Cleland (Dr. John) on the anatomy of Orthayoriscus niola, the short sunfish, 1861, 138 ; on a method of craniometry, with observations on the varieties of form of the human skull, 164 - on ribs and transverse processes, with special relation to the theory of the vertebrate skeleton, 1862, 105 - on the ligamentous action of the long muscles in man and other animals, 1863, hi; on the change of attitude which takes place in infants beginning* * to walk, 1 1 2 - [Prof. J.] on the epithelium of the cornea of the ox in relation to the growth of stratified epithelium, 1867, 100; on some points connected with the joints and ligaments of the hand, ib. ; on the nerves of the cornea, ib. - is the Eustachian tube open or shut in swallowing? 1868, 113 - on the interpretation of the limbs and lower jaw, 1869, 119; the human mesocolon illustrated by that of the wombat, 120 * - . on the physical relations of con¬ sciousness and the seat of sensation : a theory proposed, 1870, 135 - - preliminary notice of an inquiry into the morphology of the brain and the function of hearing, 1874, 141 - Address to the Department of Ana¬ tomy and Physiology, 1875, 134 - on the morphological relations of the lower end of the humerus, 1876, 148 ; *on a hydrocephalic skull, and on the duplicity of the temporal ridge, 149 ; *on a Sooloo skull, 165 - on the viscera of Gyvmotus electricvs , 1885, 106S; on the spiracle of fishes in its relation to the head, as developed in the higher vertebrates. 1069 ; on the tail of the Myxine glutinosa, ib. GENERAL INDEX. 83 Cleland [Prof. J.] on the mechanism of the secretion of urine, 1886, 250 ; 1887, 1 3 1 ; on the researches on food-fishes and invertebrates at the St. Andrews marine laboratory , 268; 1888, 141 - on alteration of iliac divarication and other changes of pelvic forms during growth, 1887, 754 ; on the Bos- jes pelvis, 902 Clements (J. M.) on a machine for stitching button-holes, 1865, 176 Clerk (D.), the Tangye gas hammer, 1889, 883 - (Colonel H.) on the hydraulic buffer, and experiments on the flow of liquids through small orifices at high veloci¬ ties, 1869, 209 Clerodendron Tliomsonce (Balf.) from Old Calabar, description of the fruit of, by Prof. J. H. Balfour, 1863, 95 Cleveland blast furnaces, J. Pattinson on a deposit in the gas tubes of the, 1863, 48 - ironstone, J. Pattinson on zinc, nickel, and cobalt in the, 1863, 49 - ironstone, C. Moore on the equiva¬ lents of the, in the West of England, 1863,83 f - and South Durham salt industry, sketch of the rise and progress of the, by Prof. G. A. Lebour and J. Marley, 1889, 580 - Bev. J. C. Atkinson on the pre¬ dominating Danish aspect of the local nomenclature of, 1872, 175 Click mill, the old Orkney, Prof. A. Jamieson on, 1888, 807 Clifford amalgamated mines of Cornwall, W. W. Smyth on the thermal water of the, 1864, 70 ■ - Wheal, Cornwall, Prof. W. A. Miller on a chemical examination of a hot spring in, 1864, 35 Clifford (W. K.) on the theory of dis¬ tance, 1869, 9 * - on the umbilici of anallagmatic surfaces, 1869, 9 * - on an unexplained contradiction in geometrjq 1870, 12 - on a canonical form of spherical harmonics, 1871, 10 * - on the secular cooling and the figure of the earth, 1871, 34 * - [Prof. W. K.] on the contact of sur¬ faces of the second order with other surfaces, 1872, 13 - - on instruction in elementary geome¬ try, 1873, 459 * - *on some curves of the fifth class, 1873, 9; *on a surface of zero curvature and finite extent, ib. - on the teaching of physics in schools, 1874, 71 — — *on the general equations of chemi¬ cal decomposition, 1874, 10, 57 ; * on a message from Prof. Sylvester, 10 Clifford [Prof. W. K.] on mathematical notation and printing , 1875, 337 * - on the theory of linear transfor¬ mations, 1875, 1 1 - - on instruction in elementary geome¬ try, and on the syllabus drawn up by the Association for the improvement of geometrical teaching , 1876, 8 - on Babbage’s analytical machine, 1878, 92 Clifton Carboniferous series, W. W. Stod- dart on the lowest beds of the, 1864, 71 - Dr. J. A. Symonds on the sani¬ tary statistics of, 1864, 176 - Dr. J. Beddoe on the death-rate of, 1875, 205 Clifton (Prof. R. B.) on the teaching of physics in schools, 1874, 71 - - on the progress of the ch ief branch es of mathematics and physics, 1879, 37 Climate of the Channel Islands, Prof. D. T. Ansted on the, 1862, 139 - Prof. H. Hennessy on the possible conditions of geological, 1864, 55 - Rev. J. Gunn on the Tertiary and Quaternary deposits in the Eastern Counties, with reference to periodic oscillations of level and, 1867, 60 - the earth’s, some future and past changes of, R. A. Peacock on, 1870, 82 - geological, and the rate of organic change, A. R. Wallace on a diagram of the earth’s eccentricity and the pre¬ cession of the equinoxes, illustrating their relation to, 1870, 89 * - - changes of, during the Glacial period, Rev. W. S. Symonds on, 1875, 82 - T. L. Plant on the anomalies of our, 1865, 19 - of North-west Europe, A. G. Findlay on the supposed influence of the Gulf- stream upon the, 1869, 160 - - Prof. H. Hennessy on the influence of the physical properties of water on, 1875, 29 - Prof. H. Hennessy on the possible influence on, of the substitution of water for land in Central and Nor¬ thern Africa, 1875, 30 - - of the British Islands, Prof. H. Hennessy on the, 1S78, 485 * - - of London, some laws which regu¬ late the succession of mean tempera¬ ture and rainfall in the, H. C. Courtney Fox on, 1881, 544 ; 1885, 912 - the supposed change of, in the British Isles within recent years, T. Heath on, 1885, 922 - of England and Wales, the inland compared with the maritime, by J. Hopkinson, 1890, 748 - of Halifax, Wakefield, Bradford, 84 GENERAL INDEX. Leeds, and Hull, a comparison of the, by J. Hopkinson, 1890, 749 Climate of Scarborough, the, compared with that of some other seaside health resorts, by J. Hopkinson, 1890, 74S * - of Canada, the, and its relations to life and health, Dr. W. H. Hingston on, 1384, 785 Climates of Mauritius and Natal, Dr. R. J. Mann on the resemblance and con¬ trasts of the, 1868, 21 * - of the eastern and western hemi¬ spheres, a comparison of the, by Dr. J. B. Hurlbert, 1884, 807 - - the effects of oceanic currents upon , Rev. Dr. S. Hanghton on, 1881, 451 Climature, the causes of changes of, during long periods of time, and of co¬ incident changes of fauna and flora, J. Gunn on, 1883, 509 ^Clinometer, to use with a plane-table, Major Hill on a, 1885, 1131 - an improved form of, J. Hopkinson on, 1886, 557 Clisiophyllum, Dr. P. Martin Duncan on the coral, 1868, 62 Clock with detached train, Prof. G. Forbes on a, 1878, 449 - control on telephone or telegraph lines, a system of periodic, Prof. A\T. F. Barrett on, 1885, 1198 - an annual winding, with torsion pendulum, AAr. H. Douglas on, 1888, 823 Clocks, electrical control for uniform mo¬ tion, H. Grubb on a new system of, 1886, 552 Clockwork of revolving lighthouses, J. Hopkinson on improvements in the, 1875, 248 ‘ Close time ’ for the protection of indi¬ genous animals, on the practicability (1872, 1873, desirability ; 1874-1880, possibility ) of establishing a, 1869, 91 ; 1870, 13; 1871, 197; 1872, 320; 1873, 346; 1874, 264; 1875, 184; 1876, 63; 1877,207; 1878,146; 1879, 165; 1880, 257 Close (Rev. M. H.) on the extent of geo¬ logical time, 1878, 548 - on the Tertiary ( Miocene ) flora, fc., of the basalt of the North of Ireland, i879, 162 Cloth, printing-, Alderman Neild on the price of, and upland cotton from 1812 to 1860, 1861, 229 * - C. Blyth on an improved machine for measuring and cutting, 1868, 188 Cloud, Prof. Chevallier on an instrument for ascertaining the height of a, 1863, 21 Cloud-mirror, J. T. Goddard on the, 1861, 61 * Clouds, the height of, A. Mallock on the measurement of, 1887, 38 Clouds, the heights and distances of, by their reflections in a low pool of water, and in a mercurial horizon, F. Galton on determining, 1880, 459 - a method for measuring the height of, Prof. Liiroth on, 1883, 422 - the normal forms of, A. F. Osier on, 1886, 530 * - photographs of, exhibition of by Friese Greene, 1890, 751 - and rain, J. P. Harrison on lunar influence on, 1873, 43 Clowes (F.) on the action of ethyl-bro- mobutyrate upon ethyl-sodaceto-ace- tate, 1875, 39 - [Prof. F.], a new reflector for incan¬ descent electric lamps, 1883, 447 - barium sulphate as a cementing material in sandstone, 1885, *992, 1038 - on barium sulphate in water-box deposits from the Durham coal-mine waters and in Nottingham sandstone, 1389, 594 - (Rev. G.) on the western shores of the Dead Sea, 1864, 141 Clupeoid fishes, the air-bladder of, W. G. Ridewood on, 1890, 446 Clwyd, North Wales, G. Maw on some fossiliferous strata occurring between the Bunter Sandstone and Mountain Limestone of the vale of, 1865, 67 *Clyde, Col. Hope on the purification of the, 1876, 64 - water system, configuration of the, Dr. H. R. Mill on the, 1886, 732 - sea area, Dr. H. R. Mill on the salinity of the, 1888, 738 Coagulation of the blood, E. A. Schafer on the, 1872, 155 - of blood, Prof. H. N. Martin and N . H. Howell on the, 1884, 774 Coal, Anthracite, and Coal-field of South Wales, C. H. Perkins on the, 1880, 220 - Arctic, brought home by the late expedition, T. AVills on the, 1877, 53 - assay of, &c., for crude paraffin oil, Dr. J. Attfield on the, 1866, 33 - basins of Asia Minor (Western), Hyde Clarke on, 1868, 61 - bituminous schists and their rela¬ tion to, Prof. D. T. Ansted on, 1862, 65 - bituminous, in Transylvania, Prof. D. T. Ansted, on a tertiary, 1S62, 66 - bivalve shells of the, J. AX. Salter on the, 1861, 131 - of Canada, H. A. Budden on the, 1834, 713 - cellulose and, C. F. Cross and E. J. Bevan on, 1 SSI , 603 * - in China, Baron von Richthofen on the distribution of, 1873, 173 - formation of, E. A\rethered on the, 1881, 623 - Eastern Counties, Rev. J. Gunn on GENERAL INDEX 85 the probability of finding, in the, 1873, 81 Coal, on the parts of England and Wales in which, may and may not be looked for beyond the known Coal-fields, by Sir R. I. Murchison, Bart., 1866, 57 - - suggestions for sites for searching for, by W. Whitaker, 1890, 819 - Prof. E. Hull on a deep boring for, at Scarle, near Lincoln, 1876, 91 - Halifax Hard Seam, W. Cash on the, 1881, 626 - Halifax , Hard Bed , report on the flora of the , 1882, 267 ; 1883, 160 ; 1887, 235 - of the Leeds districts, some physi¬ cal properties of the, B. Holgate on, 1890, 796 - methods for coking, and recovering the bye-products, Watson Smith on, 1883, 465 - in South Africa, Prof. T. R. Jones on the deposits of, 1886, 641 - microscopic structure of, pre¬ liminary remarks on the, by Prof. W. C. Williamson, 1881, 625 - microscopic features of, the present state of the inquiry into the, and into the organisation of the fossil plants of the Coal - Measures, Prof. W. C. Williamson on, 1889, 69 - question, Prof. W. S. Jevons on the progress of the, 1875, 216 * - the rate of production of, during the present century, Prof. E. Hull on, 1889, 713 - raised within the British Empire, statistics of the production and value of, by R. Meade, 1886, 646 - ridgy structure in, Prof. J. Thomson on, with suggestions for accounting for its origin, 1876, 96 * - spontaneous combustion of, in ships, J. Bamfield on the, 1880, 696 - sulphur in, F. Crace-Calvert on the estimation of, 1871, 68 - industry, sliding scales in the, Prof. J. E. C. Munro on, 1885, 1173 - and iron industries, the effect of mining royalties on, Prof. W. R. Sorley on, 1888, 755 Coal- bearing rocks of Canada, F. D. Adams on the, 1886, 639 *Coal-beds of Panama, the Rev. Dr. Hume on the, in reference mainly to their economic importance, 1871, 103 Coal-cutting and other underground machinery, T. Levick on machinery for compressing air, and the applica¬ bility of such compressed air for working, 1865, 185 - machine, W. E. Carrett on an hydraulic, 1866, 14 1 *Coal-cutting, the application of machi¬ nery to, Samuel Firth on, 1863, 192 - , Wm. Firth on the application of machinery to, in mines, 1873, 175 - machine, the Nant-y-glo, Dr. W. J. Clapp on, 1873, 213 * Coalfield in Brazil, G. R. Rumney on a, 1865, 73 - Bristol, W. Sanders on a geological map of the, 1864, 68 - , Bristol, statistics relative to the, by H. Cossham, 1864, 164 * - Bristol, H. Cossham, E. Wethered, and W. Saise, on the northern end of the, 1875, 64 - Bristol, the sandstones and grits of the Lower and Middle series of the, E. Wethered on, 1880, 579 - - Bristol, the northern section of the, H. Cossham on, 1888, 659 - Burnley, and its fossil contents, J. T. Wilkinson and J. Whitaker on the, 1861, 135 - Chile, G. A. Lebour and W. Mundle on the Tertiary, 1870, 78 - - Cumberland, W. Matthias Dunn on the relations of the, to the Red Sand¬ stone, 1863, 68 - of Durham, Nicholas Wood and Edward F. Boyd on ‘ the Wash,’ a re¬ markable denudation through a por¬ tion of the, 1863, 89 - Durham and Northumberland, Isaac Lowthian Dell on the manufac¬ ture of iron in connection with the, 1863, 730 - - Lancashire, A. IT. Green on the faults of, 1861, 1 13 - of Natal, Dr. Mann on the, 1868, 73 * - New South Wales, J. Mackenzie on the, 1864, 59 - - - Northumberland, A. Hancock and T. Atthey on some curious fossil fungi from the black shale of the, 1869, 114 - Staffordshire, on the distribution of the organic remains of the North, 1863, 342 ; 1865, 42 ; appendix by John Young, 317 - - Staffordshire, South, H. Johnson on the extent and duration of the, 1865, 63 * - Staffordshire, South, C. Twamley on the faults in the, and their relation to the igneous rocks of the district, 1 865, 76 * - Staffordshire, South, S. Bailey on the economic value of the various Measures of coal and ironstone in the, 1865, 48 Coal-fields, extension of the, beneath the newer formations of England, and the successive stratigraphical changes to which the Carboniferous rocks have been subiected, Prof. E. Hull on the, 1870, 74 86 GENERAL INDEX. Coal-fields and coal production of India, V. Ball on the, 1879, 334 - - Nova Scotian, a comparison of the distinctive features of, by E. Gilpin, jun., 1884, 712 - Tyrone, E. T. Hardman on the geological structure of the, 1874, 77 Coal-gas, W. Marriott on the separation of ammonia from, 1861, 86 - - a method for the determination of sulphur in, A. Vernon Harcourt on, 1870, 59 * - the estimation of sulphur in, W. Marriott on, 1870, 60 * - - A. Vernon Harcourt and F. IV. Fison on a continuous process for purifying, and obtaining sulphur and ammonium sulphate, 1873, 64 * - A. V. Harcourt on an apparatus for estimating carbon bisulphide in, 1875, 43 - the proximate analysis of, W. Dittmar on, 1876, 63 - the application of a new unit of light to the examination of, A. V. Harcourt on, 1877, 51 - - of different qualities, report on the best means for the development of light from: Part I ., 1878, 108; Part II., 1880, 241 - - - from cannel - coal, I)r. Stevenson Macadam on the economic distillation of, 1869, 69 Coal-measures, discovery of, under New Red Sandstone, and on the so-called Permian rocks of St. Helen’s, Lanca¬ shire, A. Strahan on the, 1881, 632 - Dictyoxylons of the, Prof. W. C. AVilliamson on the structure of the, 1871, hi - fern-stems and petioles of the, Prof. W. C. Williamson on, 1873, 106 - - of Kilmaurs, PI. Woodward on the discover}'- of a large Myriapod of the genus Euphoberia in the, 1869, 103 — Labyrinthodonts of the , report on the, 1873, 225 - in Mold Valley, W. Ness on the, and their products, 1865, 68 - of N. S. Wales, William Keene on the, 1864, 58 * - organic remains of the, L. P. Cape- well on the, 1865, 49 ■ - plants of the, recent researches into the organisation of some of the, Prof. W. C. Williamson on, 1876, 98 (see 1871, 131, and 1889, 69) - - - in Norfolk and Suffolk, Rev. J. Gunn on the prospect of finding pro¬ ductive, 1872, 102 - sporangia of ferns from the, W. Carruthers on the, 1870, 71 * - of Sydney, Cape Breton, J. V. Lesley on the, 1863, 82 Coal-measures, Traquairia, a radiolarian rhizopod from the, W. Carruthers on, 1872, 126 - - tree ferns of the, W. Carruthers on the, and their affinities with existing forms, 1872, 98 - of Upper Silesia, Prof. F. Roemer on a fossil spider lately discovered in the, 1865, 73 (see 1871, 112) - - - westward extension of the, into South-eastern England, Prof. W. Boyd Hawkins on the, 1886, 650 - of the Wigan Coal-field, C. E. He Ranee on the variation in thickness of the middle, 1876, 89 Coal-miners of Hurham and Northumber¬ land, Hr. Wilson on the habits and diseases of the, 1863, 126 Coal-mines, explosions in British, Thomas Dobson's report on the, during the year 1859, 1861, 236 - George Senior on the diminution of accidents in, since the appointment of Government inspectors, 1866, 133 - John Haglish on the counterbalanc¬ ing of winding engines for, 1866, 141 - and iron-mines, T. A. Readwin on the, of the Arigna district of the Connaught Coal-Measures, 1872, 122 f Coal-mining in Italy, P. le Neve Foster, jun., on, 1874, 222 * - coal, and coke, in Northumber¬ land and Hurham, N. Wood, J. Taylor, J. Marley, and J. W. Pease on, 1863, 191 Coal-pits, R. C. Clapham and John Haglish on minerals and salts found in, 1863, 37 Coal-plants from Nova Scotia, Hr. J. W. Lawson on two new, 1863, 67 Coal-seam in Coates’s Park Colliery, James Oakes on a peculiar denudation of a, 1866, 64 Coal-seams on the coast of Greenland, E. Whymper on, 1869, 6 * - of the eastern portion of the South Wales basin, the, and their chemical composition, J. W. Thomas on, 1880, 534 Coal-search, suggestions on sites for, in the south-east of England, by W. Whitaker, 1890, 819 Coal-supply, the present state and future prospects of our, Prof. E. Hull on, 1889, 702 Coal-tar bases, J. Hewar on, 1868, 35 - - colours, the identification of the, J. Spiller on, 1880, 542 - colouring matters, Hr. W. H. Perkin on, 1884, 678 - colour industry, the development of the, since 1882, Hr. W. H. Perkin on, 1890, 775 Coalbrook Hale, Rev. W. Penton on the geology of, 1865, 72 GENERAL INDEX. 87 Coast line directions represented by great circles on the globe and the localities marked by earthquakes in Europe, the relation to be established between, Prof. J. P. O’Reilly on, 1880, 576 — — signals, improvements in, Sir J. N. Douglass on, 1884, 584 - - changes and shore- deposits of Eng¬ land and Wales, chronological list of works onthe, by W. Whit alter, 1885, 442 Cobalt, some double compounds of nickel and, report on, 1877, 209 *Cobaltamines, note on Dr. W. Gibb’s researches on, by Dr. Odling, 1877, 53 Cobaltous chloride, the molecular consti¬ tution of a solution of, Prof. W. J. Russell on, 1885, 991 Cobb (Dr. N. A.) on the occupation of the table at the zoological station at Naples, 1889, 97 *Cobbold (Dr. T. Spencer), remarks on all the known forms of human Entozoa, 1862, 195 - report of experiments respecting the development and migrations of the Entozoa, 1863, 1 1 1 - on food as a source of Entozoa, 1864, 1 1 9 ■ - on beef and pork as sources of Entozoa, 1865, 102; on specimens of Entozoa, ib. • - on the Entozoa of the dog in rela¬ tion to public health, 1866, 72 ; on the so-called cattle-plague Entozoa, 89 - on the Entozoa of the common fowl and of game birds in their supposed relation to the grouse-disease, 1867, 80 — — on flukes from the Indian elephant, 1868, 1 13 - - - on some of the more important facts of succession in relation to any theory of continuity, 1870, 13 1 ; on a rare and remarkable parasite from the collec¬ tion of the Rev. W. Dallinger, 135 ; on the heart of a Chinese dog contain¬ ing Hmmatozoa, ib. ; notice respecting the embryonal development of the Hsematozoon Bilharzia, ib. - - report on the post-mortem exa mina¬ tion of an ox fed on sewage-grown grass, 1871, 188 - - on Filaria sanguinis hominis, 1882, 579; the injurious parasites of Egypt m relation to water-drinking, 592 Coecosteus, the occurrence of a fish allied to the, in a bed of Devonian limestone near Chudleigh, J. E. Lee on, 1879, 332 Cockle (the Hon. J.) on the inverse problem of coresolvents, 1867, 3 Cockroach, Etoblattina peacldi (H. Woodw.), the discovery of the larval stage of a, from the Coal-Measures of Kilmaurs, Ayrshire, Dr. H. Woodward on, 1887, 696 Cocks (A. H.) on the herds of wild cattle in Charting Park and other parks in Great Britain, 1887, 135 *Cocoa-nut pearls, S. J. Hickson on, 1887, 740 *Cod, &c., young, Prof. McIntosh on, 1886, 71 1 Codeia, Dr. C. R. A. Wright on certain new derivatives from, 1871, 84 Codeine, Dr. C. R. A. Wright on new derivatives from morphine and, 1872, 87 ; 1873, 67 Codrington (Rev. R. H.), social regula¬ tions in Melanesia, 1888, 843 Coelenterata, Rev. A. ]\[erle Norman on the, procured by the Shetland Dredging Committee , 1867, 440 Coelenterates, Australian, notes on, by Dr. Yon Lendenfeld, 1886, 709 Coffin (Prof.) on the path of a meteoric fireball relatively to the earth’s sur¬ face, 1863, 21 * Co gan (J. D.) on toughened glass, 1875, 245 *Coggia’s comet, W. Huggins on the spectrum of, 1874, 20 * - preliminary note on, by J. N. Lockyer, 1874, 20 Cohen (Dr. J. B.) and Prof. W. H. Perkin on some new cinnamic acids, 1887, 667 - - - and R. Orman dy on metallic alu¬ minium as a chemical reagent, 1889, 550 Cohesion-figures of liquids, C. Tomlinson on the, 1861, 93 ; 1864, 21 Cohesion of gases, James Croll on the influence of the, in relation to the ex¬ periments of Prof. W. Thomson and Dr. Joule on the thermal effects of elastic fluids in motion, 1862, 21 ; in relation to Carnot’s function, ib. *Cohn (Prof. F.), experiments on the formation and growth of artificial silica cells, 1876, 146 Coinage, international, Prof. Leone Levi on the present state of the question of, 1868, 173 - international, Dr. Farr on. 1869, 183 - natural system of, G. Johnstone Stoney on the, 1868, 177 - methods in which our, may be de¬ cimalised, F. P. Fellows on the various, 1867, 138 Coins, the effect which a mint charge has upon the value of, G. J. Stoney on, to which is added a proposition for se¬ curing at once some of the advantages of international coinage, 1870, 201 *Coke, coal, and coal-mining in North¬ umberland and Durham, N. Wood, J, Taylor, J. Marley, and J. W. Pease on, 1863, 191 Co lam (W. N.), cable tramways, 1890, 950 88 GENERAL INDEX. *Colbron (J. P.) on the drainage of Shoreham, 1872, 242 Colburn (Zerah) on steam boilers, 1864, i85 Cold of Christmas 1 860, and its destructive effects, E. J. Lowe on the, 1861, 64 * - A. C. Kirk on the production of, by the expansion of air, 1864, 32 - air machine, a combined gas motor and, J. J. Coleman on, 1882, 678 * - Dr. B. W. Richardson on some effect produced by applying extreme, to certain parts of the nervous system, 1867, 103 ; 1868, 119 Coldbath- fields Prison, experiments at, on prison diet and discipline, 1861, 57 *Colding (Prof.) on aerial currents, 1871, 53 Cole (Rev. E. M.) on peat overlying a lacustrine deposit at Filey, 1S90, 823 - - on the Duggleby ‘ Howe,’ 1890, 979 * - (R. E.) on the River Gambia, 1881, 742 - (W.) on the investigation of the Loughton Camp , 1882, 274 ; 1883, 243 Coleman (J. J.) on a gas-condensing machine for the liquefaction of gases by combined cold and pressure, re¬ cently empkqmd in the manufacture of volatile liquid hydrocarbons, 1876, 63 ; ^experimental researches on the chemical treatment of town excretion, it). ; on a machine for the liquefaction of gases by combined cold and pressure, 220 - on a combined gas motor and cold- air machine, 1882, 678 - *011 a modification of the Daniell battery, using iron as electro-positive element, 1885, 938 ; on the action of ozonised air upon micro-organisms and albumen in solution, 1058 *Coles (W. R. E.) on coal and the abate¬ ment of smoke in large towns, 1881, 780 Collapsible boats, E. L. Berthon on, 1882, 678 College for women at Hitcliin, J. Iley- wood on the, 1869, 195 Colliery explosions, W. Galloway on, 1881, 598 r, - - water, Thomas Richardson’s analysis of a deposit from a, containing sulphate of baryta, 1863, 54 Collimators for adjusting Newtonian telescopes, G. Johnstone Stoney on, 1869, 52 ^Collings (Jesse) on some statistics of the National Educational League, 1869, 182 Colling wood (Dr. Cuthbert), pre¬ liminary report of the dredging com¬ mittee for the Mersey and Bee, 1861, 188 ling wood (Dr. Cuthbert), a scheme to induce the mercantile marine to assist in the advancement of science by the intelligent collection of objects of natural history from all parts of the globe, 1861, 138 - report of the committee appointed to consider and report upon the best means of advancing science through the agency of the mercantile marine , 1862, 122 - on Geoffroy St. Hilaire’s distinction between catarrhine and platvrrhine Quadrumana, 1862, 106 - on the geology of North Formosa, 1867, 58 ; on the habits of flyingfish. So ; on pelagic floating animals ob¬ served at sea, 81 ; notes on Oceania Hydrozoa, ib. ; on some remarkable marine animals observed in the China seas, ib. ; on Trichodesmium or sea- dust, ib. ; on a new form of cephalo- podous ova, 100; on a boat journey across the north end of Formosa from Tam-suy to Kelung, 1 1 3 ; *011 the con¬ sumption of opium, 137 Collins (J. H.), note on the serpentine of Duporth, in St. Austell Bay, Corn¬ wall, 1877, 68 ; on the Drift of Plymouth Hoe, ib. ; on lode mining in the West of England, 201 . - on the geological age of the rocks of , West Cornwall, 1879, 347 - on the fault systems of Central and West Cornwall, 1880, 584 * - (M.) on the common tangents of circles, 1869, 9 - new improvements approximating more rapidly than usual to square, cube, and other roots of a given number N, 1872, 13 - (W. H.) on the condition of the air in public places of amusement, with special reference to theatre hygiene, 1890, 773 - - (W. J.), the effect of various sub¬ stances upon the rate of secretion and constitution of the bile, 1888, 728 - - contributions to a knowledge of the- human lens, especially in reference to the changes it undergoes with age and in cataract, 1890, 855 *CoLlinson (John) on the Indians of the Mosquito territory, 1866, 96 Collis (W. B.), the drainage of the Old Hill district, 1886, 825 Collisions at sea, some of the causes of, Capt. P. Colomb on, 1882,670 Collodion process, T. Sutton on a rapid dry, 1862, 54 Colloid condition of matter, Dr. W. Marcet on the nutrition of muscular and pulmonary tissue in health and in phthisis, with remarks on the, 1871, 140- GENERAL INDEX. 89 *Colloid solutions, Dr. Ord on the crystal¬ lisation of salts in, 1872, 79 Collomb (Edouard) et Charles Martin sur l’ancien glacier de la vallee d’Ar- geles dans les Pyrenees, 1867, 66 *Colmer (J. G.), the North-west Terri¬ tories of Canada, 1S89, 669 Colomb (Capt. P.), some of the causes of collision at sea, 1882, 670 Colombia, S. A., R. B. White on the geology and mining of, 1882, 552 Colonial agriculture and its influence on British farming, Prof. W. Fream on, 1886, 758 - loans and finance, remarks on the principles applicable to, by Hyde Clarke, 1886, 776 - schools and hospitals, remarks on native, by Miss Nightingale, 1863, 155 Colonies (British), Dr. W. Lauder Lind¬ say on the conservation of forests in, 1867, 85 Colonisation, Herman Merivale on the utility of, 1862, 161 * - transportation in connection with, Col. Torrens on, 1863, 192 - - - W. L. Rees on associative economics applied to, 1888, 762 ^Colophony, the oxidation of, Dr. D. C. Robb on, 1877, 53 ^'Colorado and adjacent regions, the physical geography of, Governor Gilpin on, 1870, 170 - beetle, remarks on, and on the panic existing as to the possibility of its becoming obnoxious in this countr}', by R. M’Lachlan, 1877, 102 *■ - the Saurians of the Dakota Creta¬ ceous rocks of, Prof. E. D. Cope on, 1878, 545 Colossi, J. 8. Phene on an age of, 1873, 147; 1874, 157 Colour, observations upon the produc¬ tion of, by the prism, by J. A. Davies, 1861, 31 - presentations of, produced under novel conditions, T. Rose on, 1861, 32 * - and chromula, J. J. Cleater on, 1866, 72 - experiments on, by Hon. J. W. Strutt, 1870, 43 f - experiments, Lord Rayleigh on some, 1881, 526 - vision at different points of the retina, J. Clerk Maxwell on, 1870, 40 - the sense of, among some of the lower animals, Sir J. Lubbock on, 1881, 676 - sense, the development of the, Dr. M. Lubbock on, 1881, 715 * - perception of, in man and the lower animals, Dr. J. D. Macdonald on the, 1882, 575 - - the modern development of Thomas Young's theory of, Dr. A. Konig on, 1886, 431 * Colour, the physical and physiological theories of, Prof. M. Foster on, 1886, 526 ; Lord Rayleigh on, ib. - vision, Hering’s and Young’s theo¬ ries of, J. Tennant on, 1886, 526 - blindness, Dr. K. Grossmann on, 1888, 838 - blindness, an experiment in, by J. Spiller, 1889, 518 - — - vision, defective, Lord Rayleigh on, 1890, 728 * - apparatus for physiological experi¬ ment, a new kind of, J. Aitken on, 1885, 1079 * - scale, E. W. Brabrook on a, 1878, 582 - names amongst the English gipsies, W. E. A. Axon on, 1887, 909 * — ■ in plants, Neil Stewart on the func¬ tions of, during different stages of their development, 1871, 13 1 - change of, in Fishes and Crustacea, M. G. Pouchet on the mechanism of the, 1872, 152 - of animals, W. Ackroyd on the, 1877, 100 - - - relation between phytophagous larvas and their surroundings, further experiments upon the, by E. B. Poul- ton, 1887, 756 - tests for the estimation of sulphur and phosphorus in iron or steel, A. Vernon Harcourt on, 1879, 303 - - of chemical compounds, Prof. T. Carnelley on the, 1884, 688 Coloured compounds, Dr. Meusel on a physical property of two, 1868, 39 Colouring matter obtained by acting upon carbolic acid with oxalic and sulphuric acids, J. A. Wanklyn on the probable constitution of Kolbe and Schmitt’s, 1864, 44 - matters, organic , Drs. E. Schunck „ E. A. Smith, and E. E. Eoscoe on the manufacture of, 1861, 123 * - matters, the constitution and rela¬ tionship of the eurhodine and saffranine classes of, and their connection with other groups of organic compounds. Dr. 0. N. Witt on, 1887, 642 - matters in human hair, H. C. Sorby on the, 1877, 121 * - matters, exhibition of anew class of, by Dr. C. A. Martius, 1887, 641 Colours of the soap-bubble, Sir D. Brewster on the, 1867. 6 - of thin plates, Prof. Lord Rayleigh on the, 1884, 651 *Colquhoun (A. R.), on Formosa, 1887, 805 Columbus, the landfall of, R. H. Major- on, 1870, 171 90 GENERAL INDEX. Column-printing telegraph, F. Higgins on the, 1890, 959 * Columnar structures, J. Curry on the formation of certain, 1868, 62 Colza oil, the electric discharge through, A. Macfarlane on, 1881, 556 Comatula, Dr. Allman on an early stage in the development of, and its palaeon¬ tological relations, 1862, 65 * - rosacea, C. celtica, from the Hebrides, Dr. Carpenter on, 1866, 72 - the nervous system of, P. H. Car¬ penter on, 1879, 418 Comatulce, the British, note on, by P. H. Carpenter, 1881, 672 Combining proportions of metals, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on the relation between the specific refractive energies and the, 1869, 21 Combustion, action of light on, Charles Tomlinson on the supposed, 1869, 78 - — — of gases, H. B. Dixon on the incom¬ plete, 1884, 671 - in explosions, the incompleteness of, Prof. H. B. Dixon and H. W. Smith on, 1888, 632 - - of gases under pressure, Prof. E. Frankland on, 1868, 37 * - of gases under pressure, experi¬ ments on the, by Profs. Liveing and Dewar, 1890, 776 Comet II. 1862, Eev. R. Main on R.A. and N.P.I). of, 1862, 1 5 *- - of 1811, Cornelius Yarley on the, 1866, 12 - ‘ b ’ 1881, the photographic spectrum of, W. Huggins on, 1881, 520 - (Wells) 1, 1882, the photographic spectrum of, Dr. W. Huggins on, 1882, 442 . Cometic nebulae, Prof. A. W. Rucker on, 1889, 489 - perihelia, the distribution of, A. S. Davis on, 1870, 22 - - perihelia, the arrangement of, with reference to the sun’s march in space, Dr. H. Muirhead on, 1881, 532 - perihelia, the heliocentric longi¬ tudes of, Dr. H. Muirhead on, 1889, 4S8 Comets, Prof. P. G. Tait on, 1869, 21 - the cause of bright lines in the spectra of, G. J. Stoney on, 1879, 251 - periodic, of short period, the direct motion of, Prof. H. A. Newton on, 1879, 272 - . and meteorites, the physical and chemical constitution of, P. Brahamon, 1889, 520 - — — and planets, the resistance of the ether to the, and on the rotation of the latter, J. S. S. Glennie on, 1861, 13 ^Commensalism in the Holothuria, Dr. A. F. Anderson on a case of, 1878, 559 Commerce, the courses of migration and, traced by art relics and religious emblems, Dr. J. S. Phene on, 1878, 583 - Charles Thompson on some excep¬ tional articles of, 1861, 247 - schools of, SirP. Magnus on, 1887, 841 Commercial crises, the periodicity of, and its physical explanation, Prof. W. S. Jevons on, 1878, 666 - - - fluctuations, W. S. Jevons on the study of periodic, 1862, 157 - - panics, W. D. Henderson on, 1878, 193 - geography, societies of, E. J. Watherston on, 1881, 748 - geography, the physical basis of, Dr. H. R. Mill on, 1889, 659 - geography of Africa, J. S. Keltie on the, 1890, 892 ■ - relations of Canada with Spain and her colonies, A. de Marcoartu on the, 1884, 870 - - - statistics, W. Botly on, 1888, 760 *Commerell (Adm. J. E.) on the pre¬ vention of accidents at sea, 1884, 897 Communication between passengers and guards in railway trains, S. Alfred Yarley on, 1869, 220 - W. Stroudley on, * *1875, 252 ; *1876, 233 Commutator of constant resistance, a form of mercury contact, for use in adjusting resistance coils by Wheat¬ stone’s bridge, and for other purposes, Prof. J. V. Jones on, 1885, 907 *Comoro Islands, Capt. A. de Horsey on the, 1864, 191 - Lieut.-Col. L. Pelly on the, 1865, 127 Compass, Archibald Smith and F. J. Evans on the effect produced on the deviation of the, by the length and arrangement of the compass needles, 1861, 45 - F. J. Evans on H.M.S. ‘Warrior’s ’ compasses, 1861, 45 — Committee, Liverpool, report on the three reports of the, and other recent publications on the same subject, by A. Smith and F. J. Evans, 1862, 87 - Committee, the Liverpool, J. T. Towson on the report of, 1870, 19 - Prof. IT. D. Rogers on the ‘liquid steering-compass ’ and ‘ monitor com¬ pass,’ 1864, 14 * - E. Hopkins on the depolarisation of iron ships to prevent the deviation of the, 1866, 13 * - correction in iron ships, Sir W. Thomson on, 1876, 45 t - Sir TV. Thomson on the effect of the rolling of ships on the, 1874, 32 GENERAL INDEX. 91 Compass, the mariner’s, Sir W. Thomson on improvements in, 1874, 231 - an unmistakable true north, G. J. Symons on, 1876, 49 ^Competition, the tendency of, to result in monopoly, Prof. H. S. Foxwell on, 1888, 762 Complexes of the second order, Dr. Pliicker on, 1866, 6 Composite portraiture, the applications of, to anthropological purposes, F. Galton on, 1881, 690 Compound steam engine, J. Richardson on the, 1886, 807 Compressed air as applied to locomotion, Sir F. Bramwell on, 1882, 666 Compton (P. N.) on the coasts of Van¬ couver’s Island, British Columbia, and Russian America, 1867, 114 Comte, Auguste, J. Kaines on the an¬ thropology of, 1871, 153 Comtist criticism of economic science , Her. IF. Cunningham on the , 1889, 462 Conario-liypophysial tract, the homology of the, or of the so-called ‘ pineal ’ and ‘ pituitary ’ glands, Prof. R. Owen on, 1881, 719 Conchological inquiries, Dr. Morcli on the scope of, 1865, 91 Concrete, Frederick Ingle on recent im¬ provements in the application of, to fireproof constructions, 1866, 145 * - G. F. Deacon on the strength of, as affected by delay between mixing and placing in situ, 1876, 220 Concretion balls, some curious, derived from a colliery mineral water, T. Andrews on, 1879, 312 Concretionary structures in the Magne¬ sian Limestone of Durham, Prof. A. H. Green on the so-called, 1889, 597 Concretions, H. B. Stocks on, 1886, 670 Condenser for acids, the new, G. S. Hazlehurst on, 1879, 320 Conder (Lieut. C. R.) on the survey of Palestine, 1874, 178 * - • [Capt. C. R.], Bechuanaland, 1886, 736 - [Major C. R.], remarks on Mr. Tomkins’s paper on the geography of the region from the Nile to the Eu¬ phrates as known to the ancient Egyptians, 1888, 743 ; on the early races of Western Asia, 855 Conduction of heat , abstract of papers re¬ lating to, and a list of authors’ names and writings on the subject , by J. T. Dunn , 1881, 139 - A. Schuster on unilateral electrical, 1874, 31 - of electrolytes, T. C. Fitzpatrick on the application of alternating currents to the determination of the, 1886, 328 Conduction of electrolytes, Prof. F. Kohl- rausch on the , 1886, 334 - - of liquids and the polarisation of electrodes, F. Bouty on the electric, 1886, 348 - of liquids, Messrs. Bouty and Fousse- reau on the employment of alternating currents for measuring the, 1886, 356 - of electrolytes, an analysis by Prof. O. Lodge of a, memoir on the, by S. Arrhenius, 1886, 357 - and viscosity, Dr. S. Arrhenius on, 1886, 387 - of mixtures of aqueous acid solu¬ tions, Dr. S. Arrhenius on the electric, 1886, 315 Conductivity of metals, report on the, by Prof. P. G. Tait, 1869, 175 ; 1871,97 - surface, for heat of a copper ball, D. M‘Farlane on experiments to deter¬ mine the, 1871, 44 - - for heat of certain rocks, Prof. A. S. Herscliel and G. A. Lebour on the, 1873, 223 *. — of heat, determination of the, by water, J. T. Bottomley on the, 1876, 36 Condy (H. B.) on disinfectants, 1863, 40 Confectionery and marmalade trade of Dundee, C. C. Maxwell on the, 1867, 143 Confederated homes and co-operative housekeeping, Mrs. E. M. King on, 1873, 195 ^Congenital abnormalities in fishes, Prof. B. C. A. Windle on certain, 1889, 616 Conglomerate, quartzose, of the New Red Sandstone of the central portion of England, Edward Hull on the source of the, 1869, 91 Conglomerates, trappean, of Middletown Hill, Montgomeryshire, G. Maw on the, 1869, 96 - - J. Henderson on the age of the fel- stones and, of the Pentland Hills, 1871, 101 Congo, Capt. Burton on the river, 1864, 140 - a visit to Mr. Stanley’s stations on the, Id. H. Johnston on, 1883, 593 - a visit to Diogo Cao’s 1 Padrao ’ at the mouth of the, R. E. Dennett on, 1887, 799 j - basin, recent explorations in the Southern, by Lieut. R. Kund, 1886, 736 f - region, recent French explorations in the Ogowai-, Major R. de Lannoy de Bissy on, 1886, 736 * - l’etat independant du, notice sur, par M. van Eetvelde, 1887, 798 * - below Stanley Pool, Lieut. Le Marinel on the, 1887, 798 92 GENERAL INDEX. Congo, the Lower, R. C. Phillips on, 1887, 798 t - railway, Capt. Thys on the, 1889, 659 ^Congruencies of the second order and second class, Dr. Hirst on, 1881, 534 Conic, law of force to any point when the orbit is a, J. W. L. Glaisher on the, 1878, 464 — — osculation, F. W. Newman on, 1869, 13 - in space, the eighteen co-ordinates of a, W. Spottiswoode on, 1878, 462 — — section and a cubic curve, Prof. F. Lindemann on the tactinvariant of a, 1884, 647 Conics, Prof. Cayley on a formula of M. Chasles relating to the contact of, 1864, 1 - satisfying four conditions, Dr. T. A. Hirst on Halphen’s new form of Chasles’s theorem on systems of, 1878, 464 - M. Halphen sur un criterium de Steiner relatif a la theorie des sections coniques, 1881, 532 *Conifera3, W. Moggridge on the zones of the, from the Mediterranean to the crest of the Maritime Alps, 1866, 76 - - - British, the history and affinities of, W. Carruthers on, 1870, 71 Coniston group, Prof. Harkness and Dr. Nicholson on the, of the Lake district, 1867, 61 Connaught Coal-Measures, T. A. Readwin on the coal- and iron- mines of the Arigna district of the, 1872, 122 Connecticut valley, Prof. W. B. Rogers on a peculiar fossil found in the Me¬ sozoic sandstone of the, 1864, 66 Connemara and Joyce’s country, Prof. Harkness on the metamorphic rocks and serpentine marbles of, 1865, 59 Conocoryphean, the primitive, G. F. Matthew on, 1884, 743 Conoidal cubic surface called the ‘cylin- droid,’ Prof. R. S. Ball on a model of a, 1871, 8 Coxeoy (Sir J.), a note on some obser¬ vations of the loss which light suffers in passing through glass, 1886, 527 Consanguinity, Dr. Gilbert W. Child on marriages of, 1862, 104 ^Consciousness and the seat of sensation, the physical relations of, Prof. Cleland on: a theory proposed, 1870, 135 e Conservation of force,’ P. Hallett on the bearings of the, on life, 1875, 169 Constantinople to Kurrachee, Col. iSir H. C. Rawlinson on the direct overland telegraph from, 1861, 197 Constituencies, R. B. Hayward on the chances of success or failure of candi¬ dates for three-cornered or four-cor¬ nered, 1S68, 9 Constitutional characteristics of those who dwell in large towns, as relating to degeneracy of race, Dr. G. B. Barron on the, 1888, 836 Consumption, pulmonary, Dr. Edwards Crisp on the statistics of, in 623 districts of England and Wales, 1868, i58 - - - in Devonshire, the geography of : deaths from consumption during the ten years 1861-70, Dr. W. H. Pearse on, 1877, 112 - the scientific prevention of, G. W. Hambleton on, 1886, 837 - the scientific treatment of, G. W. Hambleton on, 1887, 903 Consumptive persons, Dr. Edward Smith on the prevalence of numerous condi¬ tions affecting the constitution in 1000, 1862, 174 ^Contact electricity, Sir W. Thomson on, 1876,45 - electricity, an illustration of, pre¬ sented by the multicellular electro¬ meter, Sir W. Thomson on, 1890, 728 - electricity in common air vacuum, and different gases, J. T. Bottomley on, 1885, 901 * - - theory of voltaic action, W. E. Ayrton and J. Perry on the, 1876, 42; 1877, 33 Contagious Diseases Act, H. J. Ker Porter on the extension of the, 1868, 175 ■ - the statistics of the. Dr. Berkeley Hill on, 1870, 194 Continental communication, improved, J. Abernethy on, 1882, 665 - - shelf, sea temperatures of the, Dr. H. R. Mill on, 188S, 739 * — — and abyssal marine fauna, the limit between the, Rev. Canon Merle Norman on, 1889, 628 Continued fraction, J. W. L. Glaisher on the calculation of e (the base of the Napierian logarithms) from a, 1871, 16 * - fractions, Prof. H. J. S. Smith on, 1875, 21 Continuity of the fluid state of matter, speculations on the, by Prof. J. Thom¬ son, 1871, 30 - historical note on, by Rev. Dr. C. Taylor, 1884, 645 Contortion of Mountain-Limestone, ex¬ periments on, by L. C. Miall, 1869, 97 - of rocks, L. C. Miall on the, 1871, 106 Contortions of strata, a probable cause of, Dr. C. Ricketts on, 1888, 684 Convergents, T. Muir on, 1876, 27 ^Convict labour, C. J. Appleby on the mechanism for utilizing and regu¬ lating, 1868, 1 88 ^Convicts, male, on the utilization or more profitable employment of, 1S67, 143 GENERAL INDEX. 93 Conwell (Eugene A.) on a fossil mussel- shell found in the Drift in Ireland, 1869, 87 - - on ancient sculptures and objects of art from Irish cairns, 1870, 145 - on an inscribed stone at Newhag- gard in co. Meath, 1871, 149 Cook (A.), notes on the recent develop¬ ment, exploration, and commercial geography of British North Borneo, 1889, 667 — — - (E. H.) on the Adulteration Act in so far as it relates to the prosecution of milk sellers, 1878, 506 - (Dr. H.) on the registration of atmospheric ozone in the Bombay Presidency, and the chief causes which influence its appreciable amount in the atmosphere, 1869, 64 - (H. W.) on certain objections to the dynamic theory of heat, 1870, 38 - (W.) on Bonelli’s printing-telegraph, 1863, 18 Cooke (C. W.) on a galvanometer for demonstrating the internal current transmitted through the liquid within a voltaic cell, 1879, 280 - the Welsbach system of gas¬ lighting by incandescence, 1886, 823 * - (Prof. J. P.), some remarks on crystallogeny, 1881, 595 - (M. C.) on the treatment and 'utili¬ sation of sewage, 1870, 49; microscopical examination of the air in sewers and drains , 74 Cooke-Taylok (R. W.), on the Factory Acts, 1884, 853 Cooling in vacuum, J. T. Bottomley on, 1884, 623 - - - of wires in air and in vacuum, J. T. Bottomley on the, 1885, 904 Coomassie, Surgeon-Major S. Rowe on Sir John Glover’s expedition from the Yolta to, 1874, 175 *Cooper (T. T.) on Eastern Tibet, 1870, 169 * - (W. J.) on an improvement in watering roads, 1868, 189 - on the purification of public thoroughfares by the application of deliquescent chlorides, 1870, 53 * - on a proposed method of prevent¬ ing the fermentation of sewage, 1872, 73 * - on the composition of certain kinds of food, 1874, 57 - on some physiological effects of various drinking-waters, 1875, 163 - and Prof. Wanklyn *on a method of elementary organic analysis by a moist process, 1878, 517; *on a direct method for determining the calorific power of alimentary substances, 605 Cooper’s, Mr., attempt to reach India from Western China, Trelawney W. Saunders on, 1869, 166 Co-operation at Rochdale, the Rev. W. N. Molesworth on the progress of, 1861, 225 - and its tendencies, Edmund Potter on, 1861, 230 Co-operative stores, Rev. W. R. Thor- burn on their bearing on Athenaeums, &c., 1861, 248 - farming, B. King on, 1886, 757 - organisations in Great Britain, A. H. D. Aclandon working-men’s, 1886, 762 Co-operators, the ulterior aims of, B. Jones on, 1890, 916 *Co-ordinate of a point, the expression of the, in terms of the potential and line of force at the point, Prof. W. M. Hicks on, 1884, 649 *Co-ordinating centres of Kronecker, demonstration of the, by Dr. T. W. Mills, 1884, 776 Cope (Prof. E. D.) *on the Saurians of the Dakota Cretaceous rocks of Colorado, 1878, 545 ; *on the verte- brata of the Permian formation of Texas, 571 Copeland (Dr. R.) on the second Ger¬ man Arctic expedition, 1871, 175 - note on some recent astronomical experiments at high elevations in the Andes, 1883, 436 - - on the bright star in the great nebula in Andromeda, 1885, 935 Copepoda, some, new to Britain found in Liverpool Bay, I. C. Thompson on, 1887, 734; 1889, 638 Copper ores , Drs. E. Schunck , It. A. Smith , and II. E. Eoscoe on the manu¬ facture of, 1861, 1 19 - Drs. Russell and Matthiessen on vesicular structure in, 1861,92; 1868, 38 - - T. Sopwith and T. Richardson on the manufacture of, in the northern district, 1863, 715 - and its applications, M. Oudry on, 1863, 19 * - galvanic, the Abbe Moigno on, 1863, 48 - Prof. H. E. Roscoe on the existence of, in the Bath waters, 1864, 41 - smelting, P. Spence on, 1864, 41 - smelting, P. Spence on the eco¬ nomisation of sulphurous acid in, 1867, 43 - and phosphorus, F. A. Abel on compounds of, 1865, 27 - Dr. T. L. Phipson on the solubility of lead and, in pure and impure water, 1869, 73 - tin, zinc, lead and other metals, the alloys of, with manganese, J. F. Allen on, 1870, 50 94 GENERAL INDEX. Copper and brass, the electro-deposition of, W. H. Walenn on, 1870, 69 - - plates, J. H. Gladstone and A. Tribe on the corrosion of, by nitrate of silver, 1871, 29 - A. Tribe on the precipitation of silver by, 1872, 84 ■ - - and lead ores, W. Molyneux on the occurrence of, in the Bunter conglo¬ merates of Cannock Chase, 1872, 116 - extraction by the wet way, the history of, W. Henderson on, 1876, 64 - the action of various fatty oils upon, W. H. Watson on, 1877, 53 - a peculiar behaviour of, W. H. Preece on, 1880, 470 - contained in copper ores, and regu- luses, a new process for separating silver from, W. Henderson on, 1880, 546 * - the extraction of, J. Dixon on a process for utilising waste -products and economising fuel in, 1881, 567 - wire, W. H. Preece on, 1887, 874 - - the rate of solution of, in acids, V. H. Yeley on, 1888, 638 — — . tin alloys, the composition of, by A. P. Laurie, 1888, 637 — — - the specific resistance of, T. C. Fitz- patriclion , 1890, 120 - - potassium chloride and its aqueous solutions, the behaviour of, at different temperatures, J. H. van ’t Hoff on, 1890, 776 ■ - zinc couple, Dr. J. H. Gladstone and A. Tribe on the action of the, 1875, 43 * - zinc couple, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on the influence of the condition and quantity of the negative element on the action of the, 1876, 64 *Coppinger (R. W.) on a visit to Sky¬ ring Water, Straits of Magellan, 1880, 66 5 Coppinia arcta, Prof. G. J. Allman on the structure of, 1868, 87 Copyhold enfranchisement, the applica¬ tion of, to long leases in Ireland, J. H. Edge on, 1878, 663 Coquand (Prof. Henri) on the parallelism of the Cretaceous strata of England and the north of France, with those of the west, south-west and south of France, and the north of Africa 1868, 61 tCoQUiLHAT (Capt.) on the Bangala, a tribe on the Upper Congo, 1887, 798 *Cora (G.) on the equatorial lakes of Africa, 1873, 167 Coracoid, the mammalian, the m orphology of, Prof. G. B. Howes on, 1886, 686 * - process, rudimentary structures relating to the human, Prof. A. Mac- alister on, 1886, 687 Coral atoll, on the shore-line at Arbig- land, near Dumfries, Scotland, J. Thomson on a, 1883, 498 Coral, an existing favositoid, W. S. Kent on, 1870, 1 19 - fungia, some points in the natural history of the, W. E. Hoyle on, 1888, 717 - — — like forms in the Crystalline Lime¬ stone of Inishowen, co. Donegal, Prof. E. Hull on the presence of, 1889, 577 - - from the Oligocene, Prof. P. Martin Duncan on Asterosmilia Rcedi, a new species of, 1881, 618 - reefs, discussion on, 1888, 718 - sea, explorations in the islands of the, by K. Nichols, 1876, 167, 183 Corals, Rev. P. B. Brodie on two new species of, in the Lias of Warwickshire, 1865, 49 * - the affinities of the sponges to the, W. S. Kent on, 1870, 120 - British fossil, Dr. P. Martin Dun¬ can on the, 1868, 75; 1869, 150; 1871, 11 6 - Mountain-limestone, report on cut¬ ting and preparing sections of, for the 'purpose of showing their structure by means of photography , 1869, 171 ; 1870, 41; 1871, 165; 1872, 241; 1873, 479; 1875, 165 - from the Shetlands, Dr. J. E. Gray on new, 1864, 95 - a new genus of rugous, from the Mountain-Limestone of Scotland, J. Thomson on, 1875, 83 Cordeaux ( J.) on the migration of birds, 1881, 189; 1882,283; 1883,229; 1884, 266; 1885,685; 1886,264; 1887, 70; 1888, 146 - on malting a digest of the observa¬ tions on the migration of birds, 1889, 1 14; 1890, 464 Cordillera, Eastern, Clements R. Mark¬ ham on the, and the navigation of the River Madeira, 1871, 184 Cordyline australis, positively geotropic shoots in, Prof. F. O. Bower on, 1886, 699 Core (Prof.) on science lectures and organisation, 1873, 507 Corea and North China, J. D. Rees on, 1886, 734 Coresolvents, the Hon. J. Cockle on the inverse problem of, 1867, 3 Corfield (Prof.) on the treatment and utilisation of sen' age, 1870, 49; 1871, 166; 1872, 135 ; 1873. 413; 1S74, 200; 1875, 65 ; 1876, 225 - Abstract of the four previous reports on the treatment and utilisation of sew¬ age, 1873, 438 Corfu, Prof. D. T. Ansted on a deposit of sulphur in, 1863, 64 Corixa, R. Garner on the vocal organ of the, 1864, 122 Cork, West, the hiatus said to have been GENERAL INDEX. 95 found in the rocks of, G. H. Kinahan on, 1880, 574 *Corliss engine, R. Douglas on the, 1871, 234 *Corn, Prof. W. S. Jevons on the influence of the sun-spot period upon the price of, 1875, 217 - - or cattle : a comparison of the economic results of agriculture and cattle-raising in relation to national food-supply, by W. E. A. Axon, 1881, 749 - the modes of grinding and drying in old times, Miss J. M. Laing on, 1885, 1216 Corndon laccolites, W. W. Watts on the, 1886, 670 Cornea, Dr. W. H. Lightbody on the vascular arrangements of the, 1865, 108 - Prof. JohnCleland on the epithelium of the, of: the ox in relation to the growth of stratified epithelium, 1867, 100; on the nerves of the, ib. Cornelius (Mr.), Prof. W. B. Rogers on an invention by, for lighting gas by electricity, 1861, 40 Cornish (T.) on the marine fauna and flora of the south coast of Devon and Cornwall , 1869, 84 * - (V.) and P. F. Kendall on the mineralogical constitution of calcareous organisms, 1887, 700 Cornish barrow, C. Spence Bate on an ancient, 1861, 88 Cornstone of Hereford, H. Woodward on the occurrence of Stylonurus in the, 1869, 103 Cornu (M. A.) on a new geometrical theorem relative to the theory of re¬ flexion and refraction of polarised light (isotropic media), 1866, 9 Cornwall, C. Spence Bate on a human skull and the bones of animals found with pottery in a kiokkenmddden on the coast of, 1861, 88 - - W. Pengelly on the insulation of St. Michael’s Mount in, 1865, 71 - C. W. Peach on the fossil fishes of, 1868, 76 ; on a new Eschara from, 109 - report on the marine flora and fauna of the south coast of, 1865, 51 ; 1867, 275 ; 1869, 84; 1872, 48 ; on the marine zoology of, 1879, 165; 1880, 160; 1881, 198 - C. W. Peach on the discovery of organic remains in the rocks between the Nare Head and Porthalla Cove, 1869, 99 * - N. Whitley on the distribution of chalk flints and flakes in Devon and, 1869, 103 * - Frank Buckland on the salmon rivers of Devon and, and how to im¬ prove them, 1869, in *CornwTall and the Scilly Isles, flint flakes from, Dr. Barham on, 1877, 114 - North, the Carboniferous coast line of, S. R. Pattison on, 1877, 75 - West, the ethnology of, Rev. W. S. Lach-Szyrma on, 1877, 121 - some of the stockworks of, C. Le Neve Foster on, 1877, 70 - — - West, the geological age of the rocks of, J. H. Collins on, 1879, 347 - Central and West, the fault systems of, J. H. Collins on, 1880, 584 Corona Borealis, J. R. Hind on the variable star lately discovered in, 1866, 8 - of the sun, the nature of the, Dr. W. Huggins on, 1885, 932 *Coronas, artificial, Prof. 0. Reynolds on, 1871, 34 Coroners’ inquests, Lavington E. Fletcher on the unsatisfactory character of, consequent on steam-boiler explosions, 1868, 190 - inquisitions, report of the committee appointed to consider and report how far , are satisfactory tribunals for the investigation of boiler explosions, and how these tribunals may be improved , 1869, 47 ( see also Reports on boiler explosions, 1870. 1 ; 1871, 166; 1872, 57) Corpus callosum, the commissural theory of the, is it correct ? by Prof. D. j. Hamilton, 1885, 1054 Corrance (F. S.) on the pa.st, present, and future of the wage-paid classes, 1868, 157 Correlation of lines of direction on the glole, and particularly of coast-lines, Prof. J. R. O'Reilly on the, 1 878, 547 Corresponding Societies Committee, re- port of the , 1885, 70S ; 1886, 285 ; 1887, 459 ; 1888, 255 ; 1889, 187 ; 1890, 55 (see 1883, 318) Corrosion, the formation of black oxide of iron on iron surfaces, for the pre¬ vention of, Prof. Barff on, 1877, 50 - and fouling of ships, the, and anti¬ fouling compositions, M. Holzapfel on, 1889, 739 Corry (J.), State guarantee of war risks, 1885, 1 1 7 1 Corsica, Professor D. T. Ansted on the passage of schists into granite in the island of, 1867, 54; on the lagoons of, 54, 1 12 Cortical fibrovascular bundles in some species of Lecythidem and Barring- tonieae, Prof. M. M. Hartog on, 1886, 706 Corymorpha nutans. Dr. G. J. Allman on the structure of, 1862, 101 Coryton (John) on vertical-wave-line ships, self-reefing sails, and guide-pro¬ peller, 1862, 184 96 GENERAL INDEX. Cosmogonical speculations, Isaac Ashe on, 1862, 8 ^Cosmogony, theories of, and on the mechanical conditions of a swarm of meteorites, Prof. G. H. Darwin on, 1888, 590 *Cossham (Handel) on the geological formation of the district around Kings- wood Hill, 1864, 52 - statistics relative to the Bristol Coal-field, 1864, 164 - the northern section of the Bristol Coal-field, 1888, 659 - E. Wethered and W. Saise on the northern end of the Bristol Coal-field, 1875, 64 '•’•'Cost of living, Prof. L. Levi on the increased, and its relation to the rates of wages and salaries, 1873, 196 Cotarnine derivatives, new, Dr. C. R. A. Wright on, 1876, 70 Cottagers and open wastes in the district of the New Forest, G. E. B. Eyre on, 1882, 645 Cotteswold Hills, Dr. H. Bird on the human bones formed in tumuli in the, 1864, 137 Cotton (Gen. Sir A.) on the North-west African Expedition, 1875, 190 Cotton, W. Danson on Barragudo, from the plains of the Amazon, and on the flax-fibre, of North America, 1861, 140 - - Henry Ashworth on the progress of science and art as developed in the bleaching of, at Bolton, 1861, 204 — — trade, Thomas Bazley on the, 1861, 206 - upland, Alderman Neild on the price of , from 1812 to 1860, 1861, 229 - gins, David Chadwick on recent improvements in, 1861, 256 - famine, David Chadwick on the, and the substitutes for cotton, 1862, 1 50 - - chart, Col. C. W. Grant’s notes on a, showing the effect of the American Civil War on cotton, 1864, 166 - fibre, E. A. Cowper on a new cotton gin for separating, from the seed, 1865, 176 - machinery, D. Morris on the past and present productive power of, 1865, 155 - - mill, William Fairbairn on the means employed for removing and re¬ placing in a new position the iron columns of a fireproof, 1866, 141 . . - the chemical composition of, E. Schunck on, 1870, 63 - - the influence of price upon the cul¬ tivation and consumption of, during the past ten years, W. B. Forwood on, 1870, 191 - seed, fibrous, T. Rose on the utili¬ sation of, 1870, 200 *Cotton, suggestions for the increase of the production of, by R. T. Saunders, 1870, 201 - J. Galletly on the ignition of, by saturation with fatty oils, 1872, 73 - trade, the : its condition and pros¬ pects, E. Guthrie on, 1883, 601 - fibre, the chemistry of the, Dr. F. H. Bowman on, 1887, 641 - industry , report on the regulation of wages in the , by means of lists , 1887, 303 ; spinning , ib. ; weaving , 314 - - piece goods, the classification of the exports of, in Board of Trade returns, F. Hardcastle on, 1887, 847 - trade, history of the, by W. Andrews, 1887, 849 *Couburn ( J.) on the culture of the vine in the open air, 1861, 140 Couch (Jonathan) on the marine fauna and flora of the south coast of Devon and Cornwall , 1865, 51; 1867, 275; 1869,84 County Councils, apian for, J. T. Kay on, 1887, 837 Covariants of a binary quantic, Prof. A. Cayley on the number of, 1871, 9 Coventry Freehold Land Society, C. II. Bracebridge on, 1863, 1 5 1 Co wen (Joseph) on fire-clay goods, 1863, 40 Cowles aluminium process, recent developments of the, R. E. Crompton on, 1888, 809 *Cownley (A. D.) and Dr. Paul on the valuation of commercial crude anthra¬ cene, 1873, 65 Cowper (E. A.) on a new cotton gin for separating cotton fibre from the seed, 1865, 176; on the effect of blowing blast furnaces with blast of verv high temperatures, 177 - - on Cowper’s writing telegraph, 1879, 520; on Cowper’s hot blast stove, 522 - on the advisability and possibility of establishing hi other parts of the country observations upon the preva¬ lence of earth tremors similar to those now being made in Durham , 1888, 522 ; an improved seismograph, 818 - and W. Anderson, experiments on the mechanical equivalent of heat on a large scale , 1887, 562 Cox (S. N. F.) on Siemens’ regenerative gas-furnaces and producers, 1865, 177 Crab, Robert Garner on an albino vari¬ ety of, 1862, 126 Crace-Calvert (F.) on the chemical composition of some woods employed in the navy, 1861, 7 7 - on a new method of extracting gold from auriferous ores, 1864, 25 - on the action of acids on metals and alloys, 1865, 2S GENERAL INDEX. 97 *Crace-Calvert (F.) on the oxidizing action of carbon, 1866, 34 - on the amount of soluble and insol¬ uble phosphates in wheat-seed, 1869, 66 • - on the development of germ-life, 1870, 132 - - on the estimation of sulphur in coal and coke, 1871,68; on the action of heat on germ-life, 122 ; on spontaneous generation, or protoplasmic life, 123 - on the relative power of various sub¬ stances in preventing putrefaction and the development of protoplasmic and fungus life, 1872,69 *Craft (W.) on a visit to Dahomey, 1863, 135 Crafts (Prof. J. M.) on the boiling points and vapour tension of mercury, of sul¬ phur, and of some compounds of carbon, determined by means of the hydrogen thermometer , 1882, 317 - on the comparison of the mercury with the hydrogen thermometer, 1882, 449 - and A. Rilliet on the decompo¬ sition by heat of chlorate of potassium, 1882, 493 • - and Prof. C. Friedel on the decom¬ posing action that chloride of alu¬ minium exerts on hydrocarbons, 1883, 468 Crag formation, Charles Jecks on the, 1869, 91 - formations, Philip P. Carpenter on the connection between the, and the recent North Pacific faunas, 1864, 52 - Red, George Maw on the sequence of the deposits in Norfolk and Suffolk superior to the, 1868, 73 - at Aldebjq C. B. Rose on the, 1 868, 77 * - deposits of Norfolk and Suffolk, J. S. Taylor on the later, 1873, no - W. Whitaker on the occurrence of, in the S.W. part of Suffolk (Sudbury), 1873, 92 - of Bridlington, J. Gwyn Jeffreys on the so-called, 1874, 83 - traces of man in the, H. Stopes on, 1881, 700 Crags, Upper and Lower, J. E. Taylor on the relation of the, in Norfolk, 1866, 67; 1867, 157 - E. Ray Lankesteron the oldest beds of the, 1868, 70 * - J- E. Taylor on the Norwich, and their relation to the mammaliferous bed, 1868, 78 - the Red and Coralline, C. Jecks on, 1870, 75 Craig and Crichton (Messrs.) on a sys¬ tem of audible signals for railways, 1875, 245 Craigie (Major P. G.) on the production and consumption of meat in the United Kingdom, 1884, 841 Craigie (Major P. G.) on recent changes in Scottish agriculture, 1885, 1162 *Cramer’s gemmae borne by Triclwmanes alata, Prof. F. 0. Bower on, 1887, 761 Crampton (T. R.), a system of excava¬ ting the Channel tunnel by hydraulic machinery, 1882, 66 4 - on the construction and ventilation of long railway tunnels, 1883, 647 - on balanced locomotive engines, 1886, 819 *Crane, A. B. Brown on a direct-acting combined steam and hydraulic, 1871, 231 — — a 20-ton travelling, W. Anderson on the application of electricity to the working of, 1888, 808 Crania, Prof. T. H. Huxley on two extreme forms of human, 1866, 96 * - Prof. G. Rollestun on sixteen Eskimo, 1868, 120 - human, methods and results of measurements of the capacity of, Prof. W. H. Flower on, 1878, 581 " - four, from Kimberley, West Aus¬ tralia, observations on, by Dr. P. S. Abraham, 1886, 836 - and other bones from Bowls’s barrow, Dr. J. G. Garson on, 1886, 841 Cranial deformities, more especially on the scapho-cephalic skull, W. Turner on, 1863, 124 - deformities, trigonocephalus, William Turner on, 1864, 129 - characters of the inhabitants of Timor-laut, Dr. J. G. Garson on the, 1883, 566 *Craniology, F. Bridges on new views of, 1870, 144 Craniometry, Dr. John Cleland on a method of, 1861, 164 Cranioscopy of South American nations, C. Carter Blake on some points in the, 1863, 133 Cranium, human, Henry Duckworth on a, from Amiens, 1863, 136 - G. Busk on a very ancient human, from Gibraltar, 1864, 91 - the connection of the hydroid arch with the, Prof. W. H. Flower on, 1870,. 136 - sec ‘ Skull ’ ; and ‘ Crania ’ Crannog in Wales, Rev. Edgar N. Dumble- ton on a, 1869, 130 Crannogs, W. F. Wakeman on Irish, and their contents, 1874, 159 *Cranston (G.) and J. Dewar on some reactions of chloro-sulphuric acid, 1869, 69 Craven, T. W. Barrow’s remarks on the bone-caves of, 1861, 108 H 98 GENERAL INDEX. Craven, J. R. Dakyns on the geology of part of, 1873, 78 - W. Gomersall on the round boulder hills of, 1873, 80 - Yorkshire, R. H. Tidderaan on con¬ current faulting and deposit in Car¬ boniferous times in, 1889, 600 CRAWFORD (Dr. J.), human footprints in recent volcanic mud in Nicaragua, 1890, 812 ; on the geology of Nicaragua, ib. Crawfurd (John), Address to the Sec¬ tion of Geograph}7- and Ethnology on the connection between ethnology and physical geography, 1861, 177; on the antiquity of man from the evidence of languages, 191 - on colour as a test of the races of man, 1862, 143 ; on language as a test of the races of man, 144 - on the so-called Celtic languages in reference to the question of race, 1863, 135 ; on the origin of the gipsies, ib. ; on the commixture of the races of man as affecting the progress of civili¬ sation in Eastern Asia and the Malay and Polynesian Islands, ib. ; on Sir Charles Lyell’s ‘ Antiquity of Man,’ 136 - on the sources of the supply of tin for the bronze tools and weapons of antiquity, 1864, 142; on the supposed infecundity of human hybrids or crosses, ib. ; on the early migration of man, 143 ; on the supposed Stone, Bronze, and Iron ages of society, ib. ■ - on the Oriental Negro, 1865, 1 1 7 ; on the physical and mental charac¬ teristics of the African or Occidental negro, ib. ; on cannibalism in relation to ethnology, 118 - on the migration of cultivated plants with reference to ethnology, 1866, 107; on the invention and history of written languages, 108 * - on Cfesar’s account of Britain and its inhabitants, 1866, 107 - on the antiquity of man, 1867, 114 ; on the dissemination of the Arabian race and language, ib. * - on the history and migration of sacchariferous or sugar -yielding plants in reference to ethnology, 1867, 114; on the animal and vegetable food of the aborigines of Australia, ib. ; on the supposed plurality of the races of man, ib. ; on the supposed aborigines of India as distinguished from its civi¬ lised inhabitants, ib. ; on the com¬ plexion, hair, and eyes as tests of the races of man, ib. *Crawshay (Mrs. R. M.) on domestic service for gentlewomen, 1875, 209 Creak (Staff Comm.) on the bes means of comparing and reducing i..ugnetic observations , 1886, 64, 67 ; 1887, 320 ; 1888, 28 ; 1889, 49; 1890, 172 Creak (Comm.), tlie advantages to the science of terrestrial magnetism , to be obtained from an expedition to tlie region within the Antarctic Circle , 1886, 98 Credit as an asset of a state, Hyde Clarke on, 1879, 469 Creed census, the importance of a : with notice of that taken in 1881 for the diocese of Liverpool, Rev. Canon A. Hume on, 1883, 622 Cremona (Prof. L.) on the geometrical transformation of plane curves, 1864, 3 - sur les systemes de spheres et les systemes de droites, 1876, 12 Creosote, blast-furnace, A. H. Allen on the utilisation of, 1887, 640 Cresol derivatives, Dr. Henry E. Arm¬ strong on, 1873, 63 Cresols and their derivatives , report on isomeric, 18 74, 73; 1875, 1 12 Cretaceous strata, Prof. H. Coquand on the parallelism of the, of England and the north of France, with those of the west, south-west, and south of France and the north of Africa, 1868, 61 - - rocks, J. W. Judd on the discovery of, in the islands of Mull and Inch Kenneth, 1872, 1 1 5 - formations, J. Howell on super-, in the neighbourhood of Brighton, 1872, 109 - and Eocene series, the relative ages of the American and the English, J. S. Gardner on, 1884, 739 - fish-fauna of Mount Lebanon, a comparison of the, with that of the English Chalk, bv A. S. Woodward, 1888, 678 - mammals of North America, Prof. O. C. Marsh on the, 1890, 853 - Polyzoa , report on the, 1890, 378 Crew (H.) on the period of rotation of the sun as determined by the spectro¬ scope, 1887, 583 Cribellites carbonarius, from the Moun¬ tain-Limestone formation of Northum¬ berland, description of, by George Tate, 1863, 88 Crichton and Craig (Messrs.) on a sys¬ tem of audible signals for railways, 1875, 245 Crime, Henry Ashworth on capital punish¬ ments, and their influence on, 1 861, 203 - Edward Hill on the prosecution of, 1862, 154 - and criminals in England, T. W. Saunders on statistics of, 1864, 172 - in Australia, W. Westgarth on, 1864, 180 * - in England and France, M. Guerry on, 1864, 167 - J. Thackray Bunce on the statistics GENERAL INDEX 99 of, in Birmingham, as compared with other large towns, 1865, 145 Crime, the state of, in England, Scotland , and Ireland in 1880, Prof. L. Levi on, 1882, 37 5 Crimea, Prof. Ansted on the physical geography of the eastern part of the, and the peninsula of Taman, 1866, 99 Criminal code, the proposed, for England and Ireland, on the feasibility and im¬ portance of extending to Scotland, Dr. W. N. Hancock on, 1879, 479 Criminals, Thomas Robins’s observations on, 1863, 166 - - Sir John Bowring on productive labour in prisons as associated with the reformation of, 1867, 135 * - habitual, Dr. Wilson on the moral imbecility of, exemplified by cranial measurements, 1869, 129 Crinoidal calyx, the nomenclature of the plates of the, P. H. Carpenter on, 1879, 333 *Crinoidea, Dr. W. B. Carpenter on the nervous and generative systems of the, 1875, 161 - the permanent larval forms among the, P. H. Carpenter on, 1881, 671 - the geographical and bathymetrical distribution of the, Dr. P. H. Carpenter on, 1884, 758 *'Crinoids, Prof. Wyville Thomson on the structure of, 1871, 134 * - remarks on the anatomy of the arms of, by P. H. Carpenter, 1876, 146 Crisp (Dr. Edwards) on the anatomy of the Quadrumana, with a comparative estimate of the intelligence of the apes and monkeys, 1864, 92; on the ana¬ tomy of the Struthionidfe, Ostriches, Rheas, and Casuaries, lb. ; on valves in the abdominal veins, 120 ; on the size of the blood-corpuscle in relation to the size of the animal, its swiftness and powers of endurance, 121 - on the relative wrnight of the brain, and on the external form of this organ, in relation to the intelligence of the animal, 1865, 84 ; on the food and habits of the Mole, Sparrow, and of the Yespida;, 85 ; on the external form of the hand and brain of the Orang (>’. saty tils'), 86 - on the skeleton of a fossil whale recently exhumed on the eastern coast of Suffolk, 1868, 61 ; on the relative weight and form of the eye and colour of the iris in vertebrate animals, 114; on some points relating to the visceral anatomy of the Thylacinus,ib. ; on the intestinal canal and other viscera of the Gorilla, ib. ; on the statistics of pulmonary consumption in 623 districts of England and Wales, 158 ^Chiswick (H. C.), life amongst the Veys, 1867, 1 15 ^Critical points and pressures, and their relation to atomic volumes, Prof. James Dewar on, 1883, 464 Criticoids, R. Rawson on, 1887, 604 Crocodiles, Dr. J. E. Gray on the change of form of the head of, and on those of India and Africa, 1862, 106 Crocus, Dr. Karl Koch on the classifica¬ tion of the species of, 1868, 102 Croger (Charles T.) on tumuli at A- scheraden in Livonia, 1872, 178 Croll (James) on the cohesion of gases, and its relation to Carnot’s function, and to recent experiments on the thermal effects of elastic fluids in motion, 1862, 21 ; on the mechanical power of electro-magnetism, with special reference to the theory of Dr. Joule and Dr. Scoresby, 24 - on the ‘ Challenger’s’ crucial test of the wind and gravitation theories of oceanic circulation, 1875, 191 - *on the transformation of gravity, 1876, 30; on the tidal-retardation argument for the age of the earth, 88 Ceombie ( J. W.), a game with a history, 1885, 1215 Cromlechs and rocking-stones considered ethnologically, P. O’Callaghan on, 1861, 187 Crompton (E.) on the determination of a, gauge for the manufacture of various small screws , 1882, 31 1; 1883, 31S ; 1884, 287 • - (Rev. J.) on deep or artesian wmlls at Norwich, 1S62, 70 - - (R. E.) on recent developments of the Cowles aluminium process, 1888, 809 1'Crook (H. T.), the present state of the Ordnance Survey and the paramount necessity for a thorough revision, 1890, 896 Crookes (W.) on the extraction of thal¬ lium on a large scale from the flue-dust of pyrites-burners, 1863, 41 - on disinfection, 1866, 34 * - on a new polarising photometer, 1867, 32 - - on the influence of the residual gas on the movement of the radiometer, 1876, 30 - on electrolysis in its physical and. chemical bearings, 1886, 308; 1887, 336; 1888,339; 1889. 223; 1890, 138 - Address to the Chemical Section, 1886, 558 ; on the methods of chemical fractionation, 583 ; on the fractionation of yttria, 586 - on the desirability of combined action for the translation of foreign memoirs, 18S7, 41 H 2 100 GENERAL INDEX. DROOKES (W.) on forming a uniform system of recording the results of water analysis, 1889, 55 Crookes’s force, apparatus employed in researches on, R. J. Moss on, 1878, 4S9 Crops, forecasting the yield of, Prof. W. Fream on the methods of, 1889, 703 *Cross traced upon a hill at Cringletie, near Peebles, J. W. Murray on a, 1871, 156 - on the badge of a medicine man of the Queen Charlotte islands, notes on a Tau, by R. G. Plaliburton, 1886, 845 Cross (C. F.) on the hydration of salts and oxides, 1881, 602 — — and E. J. Bevan on cellulose and coal, 1881, 603 - A. G. Green, and E. J. Bevan, the action of light upon the diazo-com- pounds of primuline and dehydrothio- t oluidine : a method of photographic dyeing and printing, 1890, 781 - (Dr. K.) on the country lying be¬ tween Lakes Nyassa, Rukwa, and Tan¬ ganyika, 1890, 891 Crossfell, W. Bainbridge on the Pennine fault in connection with the volcanic rocks at the foot of, 1863, 64 Cross-fertilisation of plants by insects, some mechanical arrangements sub¬ serving, A. S. Wilson on, 1878, 568 *Crosskey (Rev. H. W.) on the relation of the Glacial shell-beds of the Curse of Gowrie to those of the West of Scot¬ land, 1867, 58 * - on the Glacial phenomena in the central district of England, 1870, 72 - on erratic blocks or boulders, 1873, 188; 1874, 192; 1875, 82; 1876, no; 1877, Si; 1878, 185; 1879, 135; 1880, 1 10 ; 1881, 204 ; 1882, 243 ; 1883, 136 ; 1884, 219 ; 1885, 322 ; 1886, 223 ; 1887, 237 ; 1888, 101 ; 1889, 71 ; 1890, 340 - - - on the circulation of underground waters, 1875, 114; 1876, 95; 1877, 56; 1878, 382; 1879, 155; 1880, 87; 1881, 309; 1882, 213; 1883, 147; 1884, 96; 1885,38o; 1886,235; 1887, 35851888, 145; 1889, 1 1 5 ; 1890, 352 - on the exploration of the Settle Cares, 1875, 166 ; 1876, 115 ; 1877, 215 ; 1878, 377 - on the workings of the proposed re¬ vised New Code , and of other legislation affecting the teaching of science in ele¬ mentary schools, 1882, 307 ; 1883, 309 - - on the teaching of science in ele¬ mentary schools, 1884, 283 : 1885, 692 ; 1886, 278 ; 1887, 163 ; 1888, 164 ; 1889, 231 ; 1890, 489 - on local scientific societies, 1SS3, 318 - the character and organisation of the institutions for technical education required in a large manufacturing town, 1886, 773 *Crosskey (Rev. H. W.) on a high level Boulder-Clay in the Midlands, 1888, 656 Crossley (Edward) on lunar objects sus- pected of change, 1871, 60; 1872, 245 - on a microscope with arrangements for illuminating the substage, 1881, 563 *Croullebois (Prof.) on the action of quartz on ultra-violet rays, 1872, 36 ; on tubes phosphorescent by friction, ib. Crowe (G. R.) on the compilation of statistics, illustrated by the Irish census- returns, 1874, 198 Crucible steel, the manufacture of, H. S. Bell on, 1879, 293 Cruciferous fruit, Dr. J. B. Nevins on the nature of the, with reference to the replum, 1871, 130 Crum-Ewing (A.) on drainage outlets through slob lands, 1876, 220 Crustacea, Henry Woodward on the struc¬ ture and classification of the fossil , 1865, 320 ; 1866, 179; 1867, 44; 1868, 72 ; 1871. 53 ; 1872, 321 ; 1873, 304 - — — C. S. Bate on the present state of our knowledge of the — I. The carapace, 1875, 41 II. The plastron, 1876, 75 III. Correlation of appendages, 1877, 36 ; exuviation, 4 7 ; renewal of ap¬ pendages, 51 IV. Development, 1878, 193 V. Fecundation, respiration, and the green gland, 1880, 230 - - from the south coast, of Devon and Cornwall, list of, 1867, 276 - Rev. A. Merle Norman on the, pro¬ cured by the Shetland Dredging Com¬ mittee, 1.867, 438 - — - Robert Garner on, 1862, 126 * - C. Spence Bate and Prof. W estwood on the geographical distribution of the British genera of the sessile-eyed, 1868, 89 - fossil, Henry Woodward on a new chart of, 1865, 79 - - notes on fossil, by H. Woodward. 1870, 91 - - M. G. Poucheton the mechanism of the change of colour in fishes and, 1872, !52 . - H. Woodward and R. Etheridge, jun.. on some specimens of Dithyrocarisfvom. the Carboniferous Limestone, 1873, 92 - the Willembesia group of the, C. S. Bate on, 1878, 561 - _ the nature of the ‘telson’ and ‘ caudal furca ’ of the, Dr. M. M. Hartog on, 1882, 575 - the geographical distribution of the macrurous, C. Spence Bate on, 1884, 753 - some Devonian, Rev. G. F. Whid- borne on, 1888, 681 GENE UAL INDEX. 101 •*Cr}ptobranch, Prof. Humphry on the caudal and abdominal muscles of the, 1871, 140 Crypt ogamia, vascular, Prof. W. C. Williamson 011 the classification of the, as affected by recent discoveries among the fossil plants of the Coal-Measures, 1871, 131 ^ Cryptogamic flora and invertebrate flora of the fresh waters of the British Isles , report on the , 1890, 853 Cryptogams, the classification of, A. W. Bennett on, 1880, 599 - the antherozoids of, A. W. Bennett on, 1889, 619 Crystalline axis of the Malvern Hills, Dr. C. Callaway on the geology of the, 1888, 654 * - rocks, the origin of, T. S. Hunt on, 1878, 536 * - of Donegal, the age of the, Prof. W. King on, 1878, 547 * - schists, Dr. Robert Sim on certain quartz-nodules occurring in the, near Killin, Perthshire, 1872, 122 * - form, the cause of, G. J. Stoney on, 1883, 400; *the relation between che¬ mical constitution and, G. J. Stoney on, 464 * - forms, A. R. Cattcn on the laws of symmetry of, 1867, 10 - . - structure, Charles Brooke on the influence of annealing on, 1869, 21 - structure of iron meteorites, Dr. 0. W. Huntington on the, 1886, 599 Crystallisation of metals by electricity, P. Braham on the, 1871, 67; 1875, 39 - Charles Tomlinson on the action of nuclei in inducing, 1868, 45 * - of a double salt, J. Berger Spence on the phenomena of the, 1870, 63 - of salts in colloid solutions, Dr. Ord on the, 1872, 79 ; 1879, 418 - Dr. Nicol on water of, 1886, 578 *Crystallogeny, some remarks on, by Prof. J. P. Cooke, 1881, 595 Crystallographic study of danburite, some results of the, Max Schuster on, 1885, 1033 Crystals. Relation entreles phenom^nes de la polarisation rotatoire, et les formes hemiedres ou hemimorphes des crist - •aux a un ou a deux axes optiques, par A. Des Cloizeaux, 1862, 19 * - A. Des Cloizeaux sur les modifica¬ tions temporaires et permanentes que la chaleur apporte if quelques pro- prietes optiques de certains corps cris- tallises, 1862, 38 - - A. R. Catton on the connection be¬ tween the form and optical properties of, 1864, 10; 1867, 10 - II. C. Sorby on the microscopical structure of \ 1865, 136 Crystals of silver, J. H. Gladstone on, 1871, 71 - in the testa and pericarp of certain plants, Prof. Gulliver on the, 1873, 104 - the production of, by the action of metals in carbon disulphide in sealed tubes, P. Braham on, 1881, 589 - the development of, from trans¬ parent glass by the action of solvents upon it, W. Thomson on, 1883, 471 - W. Barlow on atom-grouping in, 1890, 754 - — — form of, and the atom composition of chemical compounds, a theory of the connection between the, by W. Barlow, 1885, 983 Cten acanthus James Thomson on teeth and dermal structure associated with, 1869, 102 * Ctenodus (Agassiz), the genus, Dr. R. II. Traquair on, 1878, 571 Cube, Charles M. Willich on the parti¬ tion of the, 1866, 7 - - and other roots of a given number N, M. Collins on new improvements in approximating more rapidly than usual to square, 1872, 13 Cubes, C. M. Willich on some models of sections of, 1862, 8 Cubic curve referred to a tetrad of corre¬ sponding points, H. M. Jeffery on, 1877, 28 — — - Eikosi-heptagram, Prof. Sylvester on Prof. Wiener’s stereoscopic repre¬ sentation of the, 1869, 15 * - point, ninth, Prof. H. J. Stephen Smith on a construction for the, 1868, 10 - spherical curves with triple cyclic arcs and triple foci, 11. M. Jeffery on, 1875, 16 * - surface, Prof. H. J. Stephen Smith on a property of the hessian of a, 1868, 10 - - surface referred to a pentad of co- tangential points, H. M. Jeffery on a, 1878, 491 Cubics of the third class with a double and a single focus, H. M. Jeffery on plane, 1876, 17 . - - of the third class with three single foci, H. M. Jeffery on, 1877, 26 - with three single foci, H. M. Jeffery on plane class-, 1879, 263 Cuckoo-flower ( Cardamine prate n sis), J. Price on the, 1870, 122 ; 1878, 572 *Cull (R.) on the antiquity of the Aryan languages, 1861, 193 Cullen (Dr.) on the Isthmus of Panama and inter-oceanic ship canal routes, 1865, 1 18 * - on the Darien Indians, 1865, 119 ‘Culm’ and ‘ kulm,’ Prof. G. A. Lebour on, 1879, 352 102 GENERAL INDEX. Culm Measures of Devonshire, W. A. E. Ussher on the, 1886, 676 Culverwell (E. P.) on the probable explanation of the effect of oil in calming waves in a storm, 1883, 443 - on the discriminating condition of maxima and minima in the calculus of variations, 1884, 649 ___ on the criteria for discriminating bet ween maxima and minima solutions in the calculus of variations, 1887, 598 - - on the desirability of introducing a uniform nomenclature for the funda¬ mental units of mechanics, 1888, 27 - possibility of irreversible molecular motions, 1890, 744 Cumberland , produce of lead ore , lead, a.nd silver for ten years ended 1862, 1863, 721 - three stone circles in, A. L. Lewis on, 1885, 1220 — — West, a comparison of, in 1836 and 1883, by Hyde Clarke, 1883, 631 Cumnoria, an iguanodont genus founded upon the Iguanodon Prestruichi, Plulke, Prof. H. G. Seeley on, 1887, 698 Cundall (J. T.) on the influence of the silent discharge of electricity on oxygen and other gases , 1886, 213; 1887, 42; 1889, 54; 1890, 338 - and Prof. W. Ramsay on the non¬ existence of gaseous nitrous anhydride, 1885, 965 - - and W. A. Shenstone, on the pre¬ paration and storage of oxygen gas in a pure state , 1886, 213 Cuneiform and Khita, the discovery of a bi-lingual seal in. Hyde Clarke on, 1880, 633 Cunningham (Major A.) on unsteady motion in open channels, 1882, 665 ; convexity of surface of streams, ib. ; depression of maximum velocity, ib. — — [Lieut. -Col. A.] on a chess problem, 1890, 745 (D.) on arranging an investigation of the seasonal variations of tempera¬ ture in lakes , rivers, and estuaries, 1888, 326; 1889, 44; 1890, 92 - (Dr. D. J.) *on Delphinus albiros- tris, 1876, 146; on the spinal nervous system of the Cetacea, 149 — — on the mammillary and accessory processes as persistent epiphyses in the human spine, 1877, 107 ; on the myology of the shoulder and upper arm of the Thylacine, Cuscus, and Phascogale, ib. ; on the brachial plexus of the Cuscus, no • - on the intrinsic muscles of the mammalian foot, 1878, 599 *'• - on the structure and homologies of the suspensory ligament of the fet¬ lock in the horse, ass, ox, sheep, and camel, 1881, 726 Cunningham ( Dr. D. J.) on the value of nerve-supply in the determination of muscular anomalies, 1884, 768 - - *on the connection of the Os odon- toidium with the centrum of the axis vertebra, 1885, 1101; some important points of comparison between the chimpanzee and man, 1226 - the occasional eighth true rib in man, and its possible relationship to right-handedness, 1889, 777; the pro¬ portion of bone and cartilage in the lumbar section of the vertebral column in the ape and different races of men, ib. ; ^exhibition of the model of the head of a man stated to be 106 years old, with the brain exposed in situ, ib. ; '•’'exhibition of the model of the head and shoulders of a young orang utan, with the brain exposed in situ, 778 - (J. T.), report on the occupation of the table at the zoological station at Naples, 1883, 237 - report on the marine biological sta¬ tion at Granton, Scotland, 1885, 474 - - report on the zoological work done at the marine biological station at Granton, Scotland, 1886, 251 ; 1887, 92 - on some teleostean ova, and their development, 1888, 703 — — (Dr. R. O.) on Cliiaris alba, 1869, hi; on the flora of the Strait of Magellan and west coast of Patagonia, 1 12 - on the terrestrial and marine fauna of Magellan and Western Patagonia, 1870, 1 14 - - [Prof. R. O.] on Atya spihipes, and on an undescribed Pontonia, 1874, 137 - (Rev. W.), an attempt at the more definite statement of the Malthusian principle, 1883, 603 - on the industrial remuneration conference, 1885, 1181 - - on the regulation of wages by means of sliding scales, 1886, 282 - on the regulation of wages by means of lists in the cotton industry , 1887, 303 - on the Comtist criticism of economic science, 1889, 462 Cunnington (W.) on the recent explo¬ ration of Bowls’s barrow, 1886, 841 Cups, Miss A. W. Buckland on three golden, 1883, 665 Curasao, E. B. Tylor on the negro- European dialects of, 1865, 130 *Curley (T.) on the sewage difficulty, 1872, 242 Current meter observations in the tidal compartment of the Thames, by Prof. W. C. Unwin, 1882, 676 - meters, improved, and mode of GENERAL INDEX. 103 taking sub-surface observations, by Prof. H. S. Hele Shaw, 1883, 654 Current-weigher, a new form of, for the absolute determination of the strength of an electric current, Prof. J. Blytli on, 1886, 521 Currents of the Bosphorus and Darda¬ nelles, Dr. Carpenter on the under-, 1873, 41 - report on instruments for measuring the speed of ships and , 1872, 176 ; 1873, 460; 1874, 255; 1878,219; 1879,210 — of air between plates, the action of, P. Braham on, 1883, 447 * Curry (J.) on the formation of certain columnar structures, 1868, 62 - on the general conditions of the Glacial epoch, with suggestions on the formation of lake-basins, 1871, 95 *Curtin (J.) on myths of the Modoc Indians, 1884, 910 *Curtis (Prof. A. H.) on certain theorems in Laplace’s discussion of the figure of the earth and precession and nutation, 1865, 6 - on certain applications of Newton’s construction for the disturbing force exerted by a distant body, 1874, 10; on extraordinary reflection, 25 — — on the condition which must be fulfilled by any number of forces directed towards fixed, or movable, centres, in order that any given curve shall be described freely by a particle acted on by these forces simultane¬ ously; and an analogous problem, 1879, 290 Curve in space, A. Cayley on the repre¬ sentation of a, by means of a cone and monoid surface, 1862, 3 - of the fourth order, A. Cayley on a, 1862, 3 Curves of the third order, A. Cayley on, 1861, 2 - in space, quaternion proof of a theorem of reciprocity of, Sir W. R. Hamilton on, 1862, 4 - plane, Prof. Cremona on the geo¬ metrical transformation of, 1864, 3 - of the third degree, here called tertians, F. W. Newman on, 1869, 10 - doubly diametrical quartan, F. W. Newman on, 1871, 20 - — tri-diametral quartan, F. W. New¬ man on, 1872, 22; on, with three or four diameters, 23 ; on monodia- metral, ib. * - of the fifth class, Prof. Clifford on some, 1873, 9 ■ - on spheres, H. M. Jeffery on the shadows of plane, 1875, 15 ■ - general theorems relating to closed, by Prof. P. G. Tait, 1876, 29 - of the fourth class, with quadruple foci, PI. M. Jeffery on plane and spherical, 1880, 478 Curves of double curvature , Prof. Sturm on some new theorems on, 1881, 440 - of the fourth class, with a triple and a single focus, H. M. Jeffery on, 1883, 4L2 * - in space, Prof. Cayley on, 1889, 499 - geometrical, Dr. Booth on H. Johns¬ ton’s instrument for describing, 1862, 3 - scale for measuring, PI. Schlagint- weit on a new revolving, 1863, 25 - the mechanical tracing of, W. H. L. Russell on, 1869, 15 Curve-ranger, A. P. Trotter on a, 1889, 75i *Curzon (Hon. G.), the Central Asian railway in relation to the commercial rivalry of England and Russia, 1889, 663 Cuscus, the myology of the shoulder and upper arm of the, Dr. D. J. Cunning¬ ham on, 1877, 107 - the brachial plexus of the, Dr. D. J. Cunningham on, 1877, no Cushing (F. H.) on the development of industrial and ornamental art among the Zunis of New Mexico, 1884, 914 Cust (R. N.) on the progress of African philology, 1885, 1 105 ■•''Customs tariffs, A, E. Bateman on, 1885, 1169 ^Cutting cloth, C. Blyth on an improved machine for drawing-off, measuring, and, 1868, 188 Cuttlefish, Robert Garner on a male octopodous, 1868, 96 Cyanides of ethylene, Thomas Fairley on polyatomic , 1868, 519 “Cyanogen, T. Fairley on the reactions of, 1865, 29 - T. Fairley on, 1870, 54 - carbonic acid and, I. L. Bell on the joint action of, on oxide of iron and on metallic iron, 1874, 51 - - Dr. T. L. Phipson on the presence of, in commercial bromine, and a means of detecting it, 1874, 66 Cyathina Smithii, J. Gwyn Jeffreys on an abnormal form of, 1861, 146 Cycadece, W. Carruthers on British fos¬ sil, 1867, 80 Cycle of development, H. M. Westropp on the, 1875, 179 Cyclical symbol. Rev. Prof. R. Harley on a certain, 1867, 4 Cyclones, Isaac Ashe on the causes of the phenomena of, 1861, 266 — I. Ashe on the cause of the pro¬ gressive motion of, and of the seasonal variations in their paths, 1874, 34 - Charles Meldrum on a periodicity in the frequency of, in the Indian Ocean south of the equator, 1872, 56 104 GENERAL INDEX. Cyclones and rainfall , C. Meldrum on a ])eriodicity of, in comiection with the sun-spot periodicity , 1873, 466 ; 1874, 218; 1876, 267 - of the Indian Ocean south of the equator, a supposed periodicity of the, C. Meldrum on, 1885, 925 - A. Follett Osier on an anemometer for the registration of, 1865, 19 *Cyclonic winds of Ben Nevis, a peculi¬ arity of the, B. T. Omond on, 1887, 595 Cyclops, M. M. Hartog on, 1873, 376 *Cycloscope, Prof. McLeod on the, 1877, 217 * Cyclostomata, the blood-corpuscles of, Prof. D’A. Thompson on, 1887, 740 Cyclothurus didactylus, J. C. Galton on the myology of, 1869, 121 Cylindrical lens, a varying, Dr. T. Ander¬ son on, 1886, 520 - - shells, the extension and bending of, A. B. Basset on, 1889, 499 ‘ Cyl indroid, ’ Prof. R. S. Ball on a model of a conoidal cubic surface called the, 1871, 8 * - a model of the, showing the nodal line, Prof. E. S. Ball on, 1884, 646 Cynosurus cristatus (crested dog’s-tail- gTass), an overlooked variety of, W. Wilson, jun., on, 1890, 872 Cyphonautes , Prof. G. J. Allman on the structure of, 1872, 133 Cypraa , Dr. T. Alcock on some points in the anatomy of, 1861, 137 Cypripedium, note on the lioral sym¬ metry of the genus, by Dr. M. T. Masters, 1886, 706 *Cyprus, Major 6. W. Wilson on, 1878, 637 - the acquisition by England of, Dr. J. S. Phene on, 1878, 634 - three months in, S. Brown on, 1879, 450 - the geology of the island of, R. Russell on, 1881, 640 * - the Ordnance Survey of, Trelaw- ney W. Saunders on, 1885, 1129 - locusts in, S. Browm on, 1888, 716 f - Gen. Sir R. Biddulph on, 1889, 659 — ■ and Attica, the early colonisation of, and its relation to Babylonia, Hyde Clarke on, 1881, 698 Cyrenaica, Commander Lindesay Brine on the past and present inhabitants of the, 1868, 131 * Cysticercus, D. W. Brittain on the development of, 1864, 191 Cystidea, the anatomy and morphology of the, notes on, by Dr. P. H. Carpenter, 1890, 821, *860 Cystipliyllu.nl from the Devonian rocks of North America, descriptions of new species of, by Dr. H. A. Nicholson, 1874, 91 Daa (L.) on the ethnology of Finnmark, in Norway, 1861, 193 ♦Dacotah, North-west America, Col. H. B. Carrington on, 1875, 190 Dagger (J. H. J.), the manufacture of the alloys of aluminium in the electric furnace, 1889, 538 - on aluminium bronze for artillery and small arms, 1 890, 948 Daglish (G. H.) on the Rosebridge Colliery deep mine and the winding machinery employed, 1883, 657 - (John) on the magnesian limestone of Durham, 1863, 726 - on minerals and salts found in coal-pits, 1863, 37 * - on the counterbalancing of winding engines for coal-mines, 1866, 141 *Dahomey, W. Craft on a visit to, 1863, 135 - Captain Burton on the present state of, 1864, 137 * - an account of a recent visit to, by Rev. J. Milum, 1881, 747 Dahshur, the desert from, to Ain Raian, Capt. C. Surtees on, 1887, 801 Daintree (R.) on the general geology of Queensland, 1871. 95 *Dairy industry, G. Gibbons on, 1888, 77 § Dakyns (J. R.) on the geology of part of Craven, 1873, 78 - on ‘Sots,’ 1881, 634 - - on the changes of the Lowmr Carboniferous rocks in Yorkshire, from south to north, 1S90, 81 1 Dale (Rev. T. P.) on specific refractive energy, 1863, 12 - and J. H. Gladstone on dispersion- equivalents, 1866, 10 D’Alembert's principle to the rotation of a rigid mass, Dr. Stevelly on the application of, 1865, 8 Dales and hills, J. Clerk Maxwell on, 1870, 17 Dall (W. H.) on the characteristic features of Alaska, as developed by the U.S. Survey, 1878, 633 ^Dallas (Duncan C.) on photelectric engraving, and observations upon sundry processes of photographic engraving, 1863, 42 - (J.) on the primary divisions and geographical distribution of mankind, 1884, 924 Dallinger (Rev. W. H.), researches on the life-history of the simplest organisms, 1877, 111 * - on a method of studying the behaviour of the germs of septic organisms under changes of tempera¬ ture, 1884, 7S5 *D’Almeida (W. B.) on Perak and Salangore, 1876, 182 GENERAL INDEX. 105 *D’Almeida (W. B.) on Pahang, an in¬ dependent state in the Malayan penin¬ sula, 1888, 747 Dalton and Dr. Henry, Dr. N. de Khanikof on experiments for the verification of the laws of, on the absorption of gases by liquids, 1867, 34 - (W. H.), a list of works referring to British mineral and, thermal waters, 1888, 859 - on the range of the Lower Tertiaries of East Suffolk, 1880, 575 Dalzell (J.) and T. E. Thorpe on the existence of sulphur dichloride, 1871, 68 *Dampier, Prof. M. A. Lawson on plants collected by the voyager, 1873, 105 Dana (Prof. J. D.) on the southward ending of a great synclinal in the Taconic range, 1884, 729 Danburite, some results of the crystallo¬ graphic study of, Max Schuster on, 1885, 1033 *Danchell (F. H.) on peat, 1873, 186 Danes and Germans, the profile of the, J. Park Harrison on, 1881, 703 Danes’ Dyke, excavations in the earth¬ work called, at Flamborough, and on the earthworks of the Yorkshire wolds, Major-Gen. Pitt-Bivers on, 1881, 690 Daniel (J. E.) on the Mollusca of Bath, and an account of parasites found in Anodon cygnea, 1864, 93 *Daniell battery, a modification of the, using iron as electropositive element, J. J. Coleman on, 1885, 938 Danks (Rev. B.), marriage customs of the New Britain group, 1888, 847 Danson (J. T.) on the growth of the human body in height and weight in males from 17 to 30 years of age, 1861. 216 • - on a uniformity of 'plan for the census of the United Kingdom, 1871, 57 - (William) on the law of universal storms, 1861, 52 ; on Barragudo cotton from the plains of the Amazon, and on the flax-fibre cotton of North America, 140; on the manufacture of the human hair as an article of consumption and general use, 217 Dantscher (Prof.), of Innsbruck, photographs by, of representations of vascular injection, Dr. A. Thomson on, 1877, 1 14 Danube, Prof. Ansted on the brown coals of the, 1862, 66 Baphnia Schcejferi, Rev. A. R. Hogan on, 1861, 146 *Dara Nur, Northern Afghanistan and its inhabitants, Lieut.-Col. H. C. B. Tanner on the, 1880, 665 Darbishire (A. W.) on the working of slate quarries, 1883, 658 Dardanelles, Dr. W. B. Carpenter on the undercurrents of the Bosphorus and, 1873, 41 *Dardistan, &c., Dr. Leitner on an eth¬ nological and linguistic tour of discovery in, 1875, 176 *Darien Indians, Dr. Cullen on the, 1865, 1 19 - Isthmus of, M. Lucien de Puydt on two explorations of the, with a view to discovering a practical line for a ship canal, 1867, 128 Dartmoor, W. Pengelly on the age of the granites of, 1861, 127 - G. W. Ormerod on the granite of the northerly and easterly sides of, 1869, 98 - C. Spence Bate on an exploration of some tumuli on, 1872, 175 - prehistoric remains on, C. S. Bate on, 1877, 1 14 Darwin, H. Fawcett on the method of, in his treatise on the origin of species, 1861, 141 '•'■'Darwin (G. H.) on a portable globe, and on some maps of the world, 1873, 167 - on graphical interpolation and integration, 1876, 13 - on the precession of a viscous spheroid, 1878, 4S2 - on the measurement of the lunar disturbance of gravity , 1880, 25 ; 1881, 93; 1882, 95 - on variations in the vertical due to the elasticity of the earth's surface, 1882, 106 ; on the method of harmonic analysis used in deducing the numerical values of the tides of long period, and on a misprint in the tidal report for 1872, 319 - a numerical estimate of the rigidity of the earth, 1882, 472 - on the harmonic analysis of tidal observations, 1883, 49; 1884, 33; 1885, 35 ; 1886, 40 ( see also 1882, 319) - - - on comparing and reducing magnetic observations, 1885, 65, 75; 1886, 64; 1887,320; 1888, 28; 1889, 49; 1890, 172 - on preparing instructions for the practical work of tidal observation , 1886, 40 - Address to the Mathematical and Physical Section, 1886, 51 1; *on the Jacobian ellipsoid of equilibrium of a rotating mass of fluid, 541 ; *on the dynamical theory of the tides of long period, ib. - on a differential gravity meter, 1887, 41 ■ - - on the advisability and possibility of establishing in other parts of the coun¬ try observations upon the prevalence of 106 GENERAL INDEX. earth tremors similar to those now being made in Durham , 1888, 522 *Darwin (G. H.) on the mechanical con¬ ditions of a swarm of meteorites, and on theories of cosmogony, 1888, 590 . - — (H.) on the measurement of the lunar disturbance of gravity, 1880, 25 ; 1881, 93; 1882, 95 - on the effects of different occupations and employments on the physical deve¬ lopment of the human body , 1888, 100 ; 1889, 186 * Darwin and Mr. F. Galton, F. T. Mott on the theory of the scientific value of beauty in relation to the doctrines of Mr., 1872, 137 Darwinian theory, A. R. Wallace on reversed sexual characters in a butterfly and their interpretation on the theory of modification and adaptive mimicry, 1866, 79 - theory. Professeur Van Beneden sur les chauves-souris de l’epoque du mam- mouth etdel’epoque actuelle, 1871, 135 * - theory, Prof. A. Macalister on the bearing of muscular anomalies on the, 1871, 140 Darwinism, the Rev. T. 0. Morris on the difficulties of , 1868, 107 ; *1869, 15 1 Darwin’s theory of the origin of species, B. T. Lowne on type-variation and polymorphism in their relation to, 1868, 104 * - or evolution, philosophical objec¬ tion to, by Rev. Dr. M’Cann, 1869, 15 1 *- - Rev. F. O. Morris on a double dilemma in, 1876, 147 * Date-palm, the embryo of the, Prof. A. Dickson on, 1870, 115 Datum level of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain, report on the , with a view to its establishment on a surer foundation than, hitherto , 1877, 220 ; and to tabulate and compare other datum-marhs , 1878, 219; 1879, 219 Datura stramonium and Datura tatula, Professor Buckman on, 1864, 87 Daubeny (Dr. C. G. B.) on the evolution of ammonia from volcanoes, 1861, 77 ; on the functions discharged by the roots of plants, and on a violet peculiar to the calamine rocks in the neighbour¬ hood of Aix-la-Chapelle, 141 ; on the influence exerted by light on the func¬ tion of plants, ib. ■ - on the last eruption of Vesuvius, 1862, 71 - reply to the remarks of M. F. Marcet on the power of selection ascribed to the roots of plants, 1862, 98 - on flint implements from Abbeville and Amiens, 1862, 71 * - on the thermal waters of Bath, 1864, 26 ; on the cause of the extrication of carbonic acid from the interior of the earth, and on its chemical action upon the constituents of felspathic rocks, 52 ; on the decay of species, and on the natural provisions for extending their duration, 87 Daubeny (Dr. C. G. B.) on ozone, 1866, 37 ; on the number of graduates in arts and medicine at Oxford for the last two centuries, 127 Daubree (M.) on the synthesis of mete¬ orites, 1868, 415 Davey (H.) on the expansion of steam in non-rotative pumping engines, 1880, 697 — — on the domestic motor, 1886, 806 — — on expansive working in direct- acting pumping engines, 1887, 880 - on a new form of air-compressor for variable pressures, 1888, 824 *— — (T.) on the tobacco trade of Bristol, 1875, 40 Davidson (Rev. Dr. J.), the Bass of Inverurie, a fragment of an ancient alluvial bed, 1885, 1018 ; the symbol pillars abounding in central Aberdeen¬ shire, 1227 - (T.) notes on the Brachiopoda hitherto obtained from the ‘ Pebble bed ’ of Budleigh-Salterton, near Ex¬ mouth, Devonshire, 1869, 88 - on the present state of our knowledge in connection with the Brachiopoda, 1872, 99 — — on the structure of Carboniferous- Limestone corals, 1873, 479 - - on the Sub- Wealden exp lor at ion, 1873, 490 ; 1874, 21 ; 1875, 346 ; 1878, 380 - and W. King on the genera Trimerella, Dinobolus , and Monome- rella , 1872, 100 Davies (J. Alexander) on the production of colour by the prism, the passive mental effect or instinct in compre¬ hending the enlargement of the visual angles and other optical phenomena, 1861, 31 - on the causes of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, 1863, 67 - (T.), note on a preliminary exami¬ nation of the Middlesborough aerolite, 1881, 302 Davis (A. S.) on the distribution of cometic perihelia, 1870, 22 * - on a simple method of determining the proportion of carbonic acid in air, 1875, 40 - - (Gordon) on the calamine deposits of Sardinia, 1867, 58 • - - (Capt. J. E.) on an improvement in the sextant, 1873, 44; on the scientific voyage of the ‘ Challenger,’ 167 - (J. W.) on the occurrence of certain fish remains in the Coal Measures, and GENERAL INDEX 107 the evidence they afford of their fresh¬ water origin, 1878, 539 Davis (J. W.) on Ostracocanthus dilata- tus , gen. et sp. nov., a fossil fish from the Coal Measures S.E. of Halifax, Yorkshire, 1879, 343 ; on the discovery of certain pockets of chipped flints beneath the peat on the Yorkshire moors, near Halifax, 395 ; on an elaborately finished celt found on the moors near Marsden, ib. - on the exploration of Ray gill fissure, Yorkshire (1881, 645) ; 1883, 133 ; 1881, 240 ; 1886, 469 - on the zoological position of the genus Petalorhynchus Ag., a fossil fish from the Mountain Limestone, 1881, 646 ; on Biodontopsodus , Davis, a new genus of fossil fishes from the Moun¬ tain Limestone at Richmond, in York¬ shire, ib. - on the occurrence of remains of labyrinthodonts in the Y'oredale rocks of Wensleydale, 1883, 492 ; on some fossil fisli-remains found in the upper beds of the lToredale series at Leyburn, in Yorkshire, ib. ; on a pile-dwelling recently discovered at Ulrome, in Holderness, Yorkshire, 567 - on the prehistoric inhabitants of the British Islands, 1887, 168; 1888,289; 1889, 318 ; 1890, 548 - on the discovery and excavation of an ancient sea-beach, near Bridlington Quay, containing mammalian remains, 1887, 694 - - on an ancient sea-beach near Brid¬ lington Quay, 1888, 328; 1889, 70; 1890, 375 - on fossil fish of the West Biding coalfield, 1890, 822 * - (R. F.), a geometrical theorem in connection with the three-cusped hypo- cycloid, 1884, 649 * - (S.) on Brain’s system of mining by means of boring-machinery, dyna¬ mite, and electric blasting, 1873, 213 * - (W. B.), a list of 5,500 prime numbers, 1867, 4 * - a historical note on Lagrange's theorem, 1868, 8 * - H. J. S. Smith on the large prime number calculated by, 1866, 6 - (W. S.) on some abnormal effects of binocular vision, 1873, 36, *126; *011 the refraction of liquid waves, 43 Davison (Robert) on the decortication of cereals, 1863, 171 ; on improvements in machinery and apparatus for cleans¬ ing and purifying casks, 172 Davy (Prof. E. W.) on the action of chlorine upon the nitroprussides, 1878, 505 ; on the action of heat on the selenate of ammonium, 509 Davy (Dr. John) on the action of lime on animal and vegetable substances, 1861, 165 ; on the blood of the common earthworm, ib. ; on the question whether the hair is subject or not to a sudden change of colour, 166 - on the coloured fluid or blood of the common earthworm (Lumbricus terres- tris), 1862, 124; on the coagulation of the blood in relation to its cause, 125 ; on the vitality of fishes, as tested by increase of temperature, ib. ; on the question whether the oxide of arsenic taken in very minute quantities for a long period is injurious to man, ib. - on the slackening of quicklime, 1863, 43 ; on the colour of the salmon, 102 ; observations on the eggs of birds, 1 1 2 ; observations on the blood, chief!}7 in relation to the question, Is ammonia one of its normal constituents ? ib. - on the Salmonidae, chiefly relating to their generative power, 1864, 93 - on the temperature of the sexes, 1864, 12 1 ; on the Horse-chestnut ( JEsculus hippocastaneum ), ib. - on the effects of scanty and deficient diet, 1865, 102 : is the opinion that a diet of animal food conduces to leanness well founded on facts ? 104 - on the colour of man, 1866, 89 ; on the carbonate of lime in the egg-shell of birds in a crystalline or amorphous state, ib. - on the influence of atmospheric air on vital action as tested by the air- pump, 1867, 100; on the character of the Negro, chiefly in relation to industrial habits, 1 1 5 Dawes (Rev. W. R.), description of a solar eyepiece invented by, 1863, 6 - on the present aspect of the discus¬ sion respecting the telescopic appear¬ ance of the solar photosphere, 1864 4 - on mapping the surface of the moon , 1865, 286; 1866, 214 Dawkins (W Boyd) on the Wokey Hole hyaena-den, 1862,71 - on the newer Pliocene fauna of the caverns and river deposits of Somer¬ setshire, 1864, 53 - on the exploration of Kent's Cavern, Devonshire, 1869,189; 1870,16; 1871, 1; 1872, 28: 1873,198; 1874, 1; 1875, 1; 1876,1; 1877,1; 1878,124; 1879, 140 ; 1880, 62 - on the exploration of the Victoria cave, Settle, 1870, 148 - on the relation of the Quarternary Mammalia to the Glacial period, 1871, 95 ; on the origin of the domestic animals of Europe, 149; on the at¬ tempted classification of the Palaeoli¬ thic age b}7 means of the Mammalia, ib. 108 GENERAL INDEX. Dawkins (W. Boyd) on the physical geography of the Mediterranean during the Pleistocene age, 1872, ioo; report on the archaeological and zoological re¬ sults of the exploration of the Victoria Cave, 178 - on the exploration of the Settle Cares, 1873, 250; 1874, 133 ; 1875, 166; 1876,115; 1877,215; 1878, 377 - on the Sub- Wealden exploration , 1873, 490; 1874, 21 ; 1875, 346 - on the rate at which stalagmite is being accumulated in the Ingleborough Cave, 1873, 80; on the northern range of the Iberians in Europe, 142 - on the erratic blochs of England and Wales , 1874, 192; 1875, 82; 1876, no; 1877, 81; 1878, 185; 1879, 135; 1880, no; 1881, 204; 1882, 243; 1883, 136; 1884,219; 1885, 322; 1886,223; 1887, 236 ; 1888, 101 ; 1889, 115 ; 1890, 340 - on the examination of two caves near Tenby , 1878, 209 - - on the exploration of certain caves in Borneo , 1879, 149 - on the bone caves of Derbyshire, 1879, 337 ; on the geological evidence as to the antiquity* of man, 399 - on the mode of reproduction of certain species of Ichthyosaurus from the Lias of England and Wurtemberg , 1880, 68 - on the exploration of the caves of the South of Ireland , 1880, 209 ; 1881, 218 ; 1882,240; 1883,132 - on the action of carbonic acid on limestone, 1880, 573 - - on the geology of the Channel tunnel, 1882, 542 ; Address to the De¬ partment of Anthropology7, 597 ; *the light thrown by the exploration of caves on the conquest of Britain, 607 • - the master-divisions of the Tertiary period, 1883, 490 - — — on the former connection between North America and the eastern side of the Atlantic, 1884, 812; the range of the Eskimo in space and time, 898 - oil the scientific examination of the country in the vicinity of Mount Roraima in Guiana , 18S5, 690 - on the work of the Corresponding Societies Committee , 1885, 708; 1886, 285; 1887,459; 1888, 255; 1889, 187; 1890, 55 - on the kerosine shale of Mt. Victoria, New South Wales, 1886, 643 ; on the westward extension of the Coal- Measures into south-eastern England, 650; on the Celtic and Germanic designs on Runic crosses, 834 ; on the recent exploration of Gop Cairn and Cave, 839 Dawkins (W. Boyd) on the herds of wild cattle in Cliartley Park and other parks in Great Britain, 1887, 135 ; on the prehistoric inhabitants of the British Islaiids, 1887, 168; 1888, 289; 18S9, 318; 1890, 548 - on the geography of the British Isles in the Carboniferous period, 1887, 684 ; on the structure of the Millstone Grit of the Pennine chain, 686 ; on the phyllites of the Isle of Man, 700 ; on the present state of the Channel tunnel, and on the boring at Shakes¬ peare Cliff, near Dover, 722 ; tthe beginning of the geography* of Great Britain, 803 - Address to the Geological Section, 1888, 644 - discussion on coral reefs, 1888, 719 - 071 the geography a,nd geology of the Atlas ranges in the Empire of Morocco, 1889, 165 - on the collection , preservation, and systematic registration of photographs of geological interest in the United Kingdom, 1890,429 - and G. Busk on the discovery of platycnemic men in Denbighshire, 1870, 148 Dawson (G. M.), sketch of the geology of British Columbia, 1880, 588 - on the North-wester n tribes of the Dominion of Canada, 1885, 696; 1886, 285 ; 1887, 173 ; 1888, 233 ; 1889, 797 ; 1890, 553 - - on the Rocky Mountains, with spe¬ cial reference to that part of the Range between the 49th parallel and the headwaters of the Red Deer River, 1886, 638 - (Major H. P.), magnetic disturb¬ ances at Foi't Rae in 1882-83, 1888, 31 * - (J. W.) on organic remains in Laurentian rocks in Canada, 1864, 5S - on two new coal-plants from Nova Scotia, 1863, 67 - on the fossil plants of the Post- Pliocene deposits of Canada in con¬ nection with the climate of the period, and the formation of Boulder Clay, 1865,50 ; on the succession of Pakeozoic floras in North America, ib. - on the geological relations and mode of preservation of Eozoon cana- dense, 1883, 494 - - [Sir J. W.] on the more ancient land floras of the old and new worlds, 1884, 738 - on the relations of the geology* of the Arctic and Atlantic basins, 1886, 638 ; on Canadian examples of sup¬ posed fossil Algrn, 651 ; note on photo¬ graphs of mummies of ancient Egyptian GENERAL INDEX. 109 kings, recently unrolled at Boulak, 845 Dawson [Sir J. YV.], Presidential Address at Birmingham , 1886, 3 - on new facts relating to Eozoon canadense , 1887, 702 - (Robert) on dredging the coast of Aberdeenshire, 1865, 142 - . on dredging in the Moray Firth , 1866, 21 1 - (Capt.. W. J.) 071 the depth of the permanently frozen soil in the Polar regions, 1886, 271 ; 1887, 152 *Day, sidereal, the effects of the lunar and solar tide in increasing the length of the, Rev. Dr. Haughton on, 1881, 523 *Day (E. C. H.) on the history of the Jurassic seas, as evidenced by the his¬ tory of the first Liassic sea, 1865, 51 ; on a head of Hybodus JDelabechei, ib. ; on the Lower Lias of Lyme Regis, ib. ... ... (F.) on the hybridisation of Sal- monidse at Howietoun, 1885, 1059 - (R.) 07i the implements found at Carrigagoiver , co. Cork, 1880, 21 1 * - (S. P.) on the power of rearing children among savage tribes, 1866, 96 - - (St. J. V.) on recent attempts at patent legislation, 1876, 198, *220 - on patent legislation, 1878, 157 ; 1879, 223 ; 1880, 318 ; 1881, 222 ; 1882, 310; 1888,316; 1881,293; 1885,695 Deacon (G. F.) on the efficiency of fur¬ naces and mechanical firing, 1870, 21 1 * - on the form of blocks for testing cement, 1876, 220 ; *on the strength of concrete as affected by delay between mixing and placing in situ, ib. - on the datum level of the Ordnance Surrey of Great Britain, 1877, 220 ; 1878, '219; 1879, 219 - on the phenomena of the stationary tides in the English Channel and the North Sea, and the value of tidal obser¬ vations in the North Atlantic Ocean, 1880, 390 ; 1881, 160 — — on the differentiating waste-water meter, 1871, 221 - on underground temperature, 1879, 40; 1880, 26; 1881, 90; 1882, 72; 1883, 45 ; 1885, 93 ; 1889, 35 - on the investigation of the action of waves and currents on the beds and, foreshores of estuaries by means of ivorking models, 1889, 327 ; 1890, 512 - (H.) on a new chlorine process without manganese, 1870, 54 * - experiments on vortex-rings in liquids, 1871, 29 ; *on Deacon’s chlorine process as applied to the manufacture of bleaching-powder on the larger scale, 69 Dead Sea, Rev. H. B. Tristram on the sulphur- and bitumen-deposit at the S.W. corner of the, 1864, 73 *Dead Sea and the Jordan Valley, the formation of the, Rev. H. B. Tristram on the, 1864, 191 - Rev. G. Clowes on the western shores of the, 1864, 14 1 Deaf, the ‘ German’ speech and lip read¬ ing system of teaching the, D. Buxton on, 1879, 474 ■ - report on the German and other systems of teaching the, to speah, 1880, 216 - and dumb, the number of the, in the world, W. E. A. Axon on, 1883, 616 Deane (H.) on a particular decomposi¬ tion of ancient glass, 1861, 78 - ( Dr.) on the erratic blocks of England and Wales , 1876, no; 1877, 81; 1878, 185; 1879, 135; 1880, no; 1881, 204; 1882, 243; 1883, 136: 1884, 219; 1885, 322 Deas (J.), description of Stobcross Docks, 1876, 220 Death-rate in Gateshead, John Lamb on the reduction of, by sanitary measures, 1863, 156 Death-rates of some health-resorts, Dr. J. Beddoe on the, and especially of Clif¬ ton, 1875, 205 De Brazza (Comte S.) on the native races of Gaboon and Ogowe, 1879,. 394 ; on the basin of the Ogowe, 439 Debts and liabilities of sovereign and quasi-sovereign states due to foreign creditors, Hyde Clarke on the, 1877, 174 Debus (H.), Address to the Chemical Section, 1869, 54 * - on spontaneous generation from a chemical point of view, 1874, 57 ■ - on the chemical theory of gun¬ powder, 1875, 40 De Chaumont (Prof.) on the influence of bodily exercise on the elimination of nitrogen, 1883, 242 ; 1884, 265 Dechen (G. H. von) on the large Prus¬ sian geological map of the Rhenish Provinces and Westphalia, 1865, 51 Decimal money and a common inter¬ national unit, W. Westgarth on, 1870, 205 - coinage, H. Burgess on international, 1872, 222 - coinage and measures in America, R. de T. Gould on, 1882, 653 - point, J. W. L. Glaisher on the introduction of the, into arithmetic, 1873, 13 Decimals, J. W. L. Glaisher on circu¬ lating, 1878, 471 *De Clermont (M.) on the action of ammoniacal salts 011 metallic sulphides,, 1879, 309 110 GENERAL INDEX. Declination disturbances , wind values and, at the Kew Observatory , results of a comparison between the , by Prof. Balfour Stewart and W. L. Carpenter , 1888, 28 Decomposition, reciprocal, viewed with reference to time, J. H. Gladstone on, 1870, 57 Dee, Dr. Collingwood and Mr. Byerley's report of the dredging committee for the, 1861, 188 Deep boring for water in the New Red marls (Keuper marls) near Birming¬ ham, W. J. Harrison on a, 1886, 630 - borings at Chatham, W. Whitaker on, a contribution to the deep-seated geology of the London basin, 1885, 1041 - two, in Kent, supplementary note on, by W. Whitaker, 1886, 649 Deep-sea researches, Capt. M. Hall on the employment of yachts in, 1872, 136 - water, W. Lant Carpenter on the mode of collection of samples of, and of their analysis for dissolved gaseous constituents, employed on board H.M.S. ‘ Porcupine ’ during the summers of 1869 and 1870, 1872, 72 - exploration in the Bay of Biscay, J. Gwyn Jeffreys on the French, 1880, 378 ; supplementary paper by Rev. A. M. Norman , 387 - pressure-gauge, experiments off Yentnor with Mr. Johnson’s, by J. Glaisher, 1866, 24 * - soundings, navigational, in a ship moving at high speed, Sir W. Thomson on, 1876, 54 * - - tow net, W. E. Hoyle on a, 1888, 717 - tow-net , for opening and closing under water , report of the Committee for improving and experimenting with a, 1889, 1 1 14 1890, 471 ^Definite integrals, Bierens de Haan on, 1861, 4 - integrals, J. IV. L. Glaisher on certain, 1871, 10 - integrals, J. IV. L. Glaisher on the evaluation in series of certain, 1872, 15 De Fonyielle (W.), see Fonvielle (W. de) Degeneracy of man, Rev. J. Edkins on the, 1874, 150 Degeneration of race in Britain, Dr. Beddoe on, 1871, 148 Deglutition, George Duncan Gibbs’s refu¬ tation of the view recently propounded that the food comes into contact with the vocal cords in, 1865, 107 *De Hoesey (Capt. A.) on the Comoro Islands, 1864, 191 Del any (Rev W.) on the appointment of H.M. inspectors of elementary schools, 1880, 219 Delany (Rev. W.) on the manner in which rudimentary science should be taught, and how examinations should be held therein, in elementary schools , 1881, 148 - on the worhings of the proposed re¬ vised New Code , and of other legislation affecting the teaching of science in elementary schools, 1882, 307 ; 1883, 309 De la Rive (L.) on composition of sen¬ sation and notion of space, 1888, 585 De la Rue (Warren), report on the pro¬ gress of celestial photography since the Aberdeen Meeting, 1861, 94 - on mapping the surface of the moon, 1865, 286; 1866, 214; 1867, 1 ; 1868, 1 ; 1869, 76 - on tidal observations , 1868, 489 : 1869, 76 ; 1870, 120 - Address to the Mathematical and Physical Section, 1872, 1 - - on science lectures and organisa¬ tion, 1873, 507 - on preparing and printing tables of wave-numbers , 1874, 241 - on the oscillation-frequencies of solar rays, 1878, 37 - notice by R. H. Scott of an anemo¬ meter designed by, to furnish infor¬ mation of the occurrence of strong winds, 1874, 37 Delesse’s (M.) work, entitled ‘Litho- logie du fond des Mers,’ J. G. Jeffreys on submarine explorations with refer¬ ence to, 1872, 1 15 Delffs (Dr. W.) on morin, and the non¬ existence of morotannic acid, 1861, 78 - on sorbit, 1871,69: on the detec¬ tion of morphine by iodic acid, ib. * - on an aspirator, 1874, 57 Delgovitia, a probable site of, T. R. Mortimer on, 1890, 9S0 * Delphinus albirostris, Dr. D. J. Cun¬ ningham on, 1876, 146 De Meschin (Dr. T.) *on the impolicy, on economic grounds, of converting the national debt into terminable annuities, 1870, 196 ; *on the compul¬ sory conversion of substantial lease¬ holds in towns into freeholds, ib. Democritus and Lucretius, T. M. Lind¬ say and IV. R. Smith on, a question of priority in the kinetical theory of matter. 1871, 30 Denbighshire, part of, and Flintshire, the Mountain Limestone of, G. H. Morton on, 1870, 82 - the discovery of platycnemic men in, W. Boyd Dawkins and G. Busk on, 1870, 148 Dendroidal forms assumed by minerals, Dr. Heaton on, 1869, 127 *Dexdy (W. C.) on the primitive status of man, 1869, 130 GENERAL INDEX. Ill *Dendy (W. C.) on the shadows of genius, 1870, 149 * - on a gleam of the Saxon in the Weald, 1871, 150 *Denis (Prof.), graphic illustrations of the fall of prices in Belgium, France, and England, 1887, 832 Dennet (C. F.) on Ramie, a new plant, with description of its uses, &c., 1872, 126; *on breech-loading fire-arms, 242 Dennett (R. E.), a visit to Diogo Cao’s ‘ Padrao ’ at the mouth of the Congo, 1887, 799 * - through Kakongo, 1888, 745 Denny (Prof. A.) *on an abnormality in Tropceolum, with remarks on the origin of the spur, 1890, 855 ; *on the tracheal occlusor apparatus in Insecta, 864 - (W.) on the trials of screw steam¬ ships, 1875, 246 ^Density, fluid, of certain metals, Prof. W. C. Roberts and T. Wrightson on the, 1881, 582 - change of, at the melting-point, J . Love on, 1881, 564 Denton (J. Bailey) on the technical education of the agricultural labourer, 1869, 182 - on tlic treatment and utilisation of sewage , 1869, 313; 1870, 49; 187i, 166; 1872, 135; 1873, 413 - on the extent to which existing works and practice militate against the profitable utilisation of sewage, 1870, 212 - on the replenishment of the under¬ ground waters of the permeable forma¬ tions of England, 1888, 797 D’Entrecasteaux and Louisiade Islands, notes on the fauna of the, by B. H. Thomson, 1889, 615 - the exploration of the, by B. H. Thomson, 1889, 668 Denudation, D. Mackintosh on the rela¬ tive extent of atmospheric and oceanic, 1865, 65 - A. B. Wynne on the physical fea¬ tures of the land as connected with, 1866, 69 - of Norfolk, Rev. 0. Fisher on the, 1868, 63 - of the Shropshire and South Staf¬ fordshire coal-fields, J Randall on the, 1869, 100 - of Western Brittany, by G. A. Le- bour, 1869, 95 * - of the Bath Oolite, W. S. Mitchell on the, 1871, 107 - and deposition by the agency of waves experimentally considered, A. R. Hunt on, 1886, 676 Deodar forests of the Himalaya, Dr. Cleghorn on the, 1865, 79 Depression of trade, the alleged, Prof. L. Levi on, 1885, 1155 Depth-gauge, Sir W. Thomson on a navi¬ gational, 1880, 488 De Range (C. E.) on the circulation of underground waters , 1875, 114; 187(5, 95; 1877, 56; 1878, 382; 1879, 155; 1880, 87; 1881, 309; 1882,213; 1883, 147; I88R96; 1885, 380; 1886, 235; 1887, 358; 1888, 145 ; 1889, 71 ; 1890, 352 — — on the variation in thickness of the Middle Coal-Measures of the Wigan coal-field, 1876, 89 - - note on the correlation of certain Post-Glacial deposits in West Lan¬ cashire, 1877, 68 - on the Pre-Glacial contours and Post-Glacial denudation of the north¬ west of England, 1880, 590 - notes on the Cheshire salt-field, 1881, 650 - on the erratic hlochs of England , Wales, and Ireland , 1882, 243 ; 1883, 136; 1884,219; 1885,322; 1886, 223; 1887, 236 ; 1888, 101 ; 1889, 115 ; 1890, 352 - on the iron and lead measures of Tynehead, Alston, 1882, 531 ; on the proposed Channel tunnels in their geo¬ logical aspects, 544 - on local scientific societies, 1883, 318 - notes on geological sections within forty miles radius of Southport, 1883, 489 - on the erosion of the sea-coasts of England and Wales, 1884, 238 ; 1885, 404; 1886, 847 ; 1888, 898 — records of river volumes and flood levels, 1889, 748 - on the Cretaceous Polgzoa , 1890, 378 - and Capt. Feilden on the geological results of the late British Arctic Expe¬ dition, 1878, 548 Derbyshire, the bone caves of, Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins on, 1879, 337 Derivations, J. W. L. Glaisher on par¬ titions and, 1874, 11 Dero, the annelids of the genus, E. C. Bousfield on, 1885, 1097 *De Rousillon (Due) on the Scythians, 1864, 147 Des Cloizeaux (A.), relation entre les phenom^nes de la polarisation rota- toire, et les formes hemiedres ou hemimorphes des cristaux 4 un ou a deux axes optiques, 1862, 19 ; memoire sur les modifications temporaires et permanentes que la chaleur apporte a quelques proprietes optiques de cer¬ tains corps cristaliises, 38 *Desert in Morocco, the growth of, Dr. T. Hodgkin on, 1864, 191 - flora of North America, Dr. C. C. Parry on the, 1870, 122 112 GENERAL INDEX. Deserts of Africa and Asia, P. de Tehi- hatchefon the, 1882, 356 Desmid, a hybrid, A. W. Bennett on, 1889, 620 De Souza (Dr. Jacintho Antonio), report presented to the Portuguese Government relating to the observatory at Ken , 1862, 109 Determinants, J. W. L. Glaisher on cer¬ tain, 1876, 13 f - the values of a class of, J. W. L. Glaisher on, 1877, 20 - elementary demonstration of the theorem of multiplication of, by M. Falk, 1878, 473 - - the reduction of algebraical, W. H. L. Russell on, 1885, 910 Development, H. M. Westropp on the cycle of, 1875, 179 - of institutions, on a method of in¬ vestigating the, applied to laws of marriage and descent, by Dr. E. B. Tylor, 1888, 840 Devil’s Arrows (Yorkshire), A. L. Lewis on the, 1877, 1 18 Devon, Dr. W. R. Scott on the occurrence of Orcynus alalonga on the coast of, 1865, 93 - and Cornwall, on the marine fauna and flora of the south coast of ', 1865, 51 ; 1867, 275 ; 1869, 84 ; 1872, 48 ; on the marine zoology of, 1879, 165 ; 1880, 160 ; 1881, 198 - South, the discover}7 of a species of starfish in the Devonian beds of, A. Champernowne on, 1873, 77 ; H. Wood¬ ward on, ib. - South, the succession of Palaeozoic deposits of, A. Champernowne on, 1877, 66 - and Cornwall, W. Pengelly on the correlation of the slates and limestones of, with the Old Red Sandstones of Scotland, kc., 1862, 85 * - Frank Buckland on the salmon rivers of, 1869, 1 1 1 * - N. Whitley on the distribution of chalk flints and flakes in, 1869, 103 - in prehistoric times, T. M. Hall on the method of forming the flint flakes used by the early inhabitants of, 1869, 134 Devonian, uppermost, J. W. Salter on the identity of the PTpper Old Red Sand¬ stone with the, and of the Middle and Lower Old Red with the Middle and Lower Devonian, 1862, 92 - group considered geologically and geographically, R. A.C.Godwin-Austen on the, 1869, 88 - age, rocks of, Prof. J. Hall on the occurrtnce of trunks of Psaronius in an erect position resting on their ori¬ ginal bed in, in the state of New Ybrk, with some inferences regarding the condition of the sea-bottom and shore¬ line during the deposition of the strata, 1872, 103 Devonian system in England and in Bel¬ gium, G. Dewalque on the, 1877, 69 - rocks near Newton Abbot and Tor¬ quay, notes on the, by H. B. Wood¬ ward ; with remarks on the subject of their classification, 1877, 78 - the Lower and Middle, in West Somerset, the relations of, W. A. E. Ussher on, 1886, 649 - - - rocks of West Somerset, on the borders of the Trias, W. A. E. Ussher on the, 1887, 720 - rocks of Great Britain, W. A. E. Ussher on the, 1889, 578 - ganoid Ongchodus, the occurrence of the, in Spitzbergen, A. S. Woodward on, 1889, 584 - rocks, as described in De la Beche's report, interpreted in accordance with recent researches, W. A. E. Ussher on the, 1890, 801 Devono-Siiurian formation, Prof. E. Hull on the, 1881, 631 Devonport, H. K. Barnber on the water- suppl}7 of, 1869, 60 ^Devonshire, Triassic rocks of, W. Pen¬ gelly on the chronological value of the,. 1863, 85 * - H. C. Hodge on the origin of certain rocks, and on the ossiferous caverns of the south of, 1864, 57 - - South-eastern, W. Pengelly on the changes of relative level of land and sea in, in connection with the antiquity of mankind, 1864, 63 - Association for the Advancement of Science and Art, Sir John Bowring’ on the, 1869, 179 - the geography of consumption in : deaths from consumption during the ten years 1861-70, Dr. W. H. Pearse on. 1877, 112 De Yeij (Dr. J. E.) on the possibility of manufacturing Neroli in the British Colonies, 1865, 39; on the rotatory- power of several essential oils, 40 Dew and its effects, Dr. H. Hudson on the formation of, 1869, 39 Dewalque (G.) on the Devonian system in England and in Belgium, 1877, 69 Dewar (J.) on coal-tar bases, 1868, 35 ; on Ivekule’s model to illustrate graphic formulas, 36 * - on thermal equivalents: (1) fer¬ mentation ; (2) oxides of chlorine, 1870, 54 - - on the thermal equivalents of the oxides of chlorine, 1871, 193 - on recent estimates of solar tem- GENERAL INDEX. 113 perature, 1872, 50 ; on the temperature of the electric spark, 51 Dewar (J.) on the determination of high temperatures by refracted rays, 1873, 461 - - *on the latent heat of gases, 1874, 22 ; *on the latent heat of liquefied gases, 57 - - - on the estimation of potash and phosphoric acid , 1875, 24 ; 1877, *9, 26 - *on a new form of electrometer, 1876, 42; *on the transformation of chinoline into aniline, 63 ; ^recent additional observations on the physio- logical action of light, 1 5 1 - on the condensation of the gases hitherto called permanent, 1878, 517 - ^Address to the Chemical Sec¬ tion, 1879, 293; *on vapour densities, ib. ; *on the synthesis of hydrocyanic •acid, 317 ; *on the amount of nitrous acid produced in electric illumination, ib. ; *on the kinoline bases, ib. — — ■ on the present state of our knowledge of spectrum analysis, 1880,258; 1881, 317 ; 1882, 120 ; 1884, 295 * - on the alleged decomposition of the elements, 1881, 589 - on fixing a standard of white light, 1882, 38; 1883, 127; 1885, 61; 1886, 39 ; 1887, 47 ; 1888, 39 ; on the prepara¬ tion of a new series of tables of ware- lengths of the spectra of the elements, 1882, 144 ; 1884, 351 - *on liquid marsh gas, 1883, 464 ; '?on critical points and pressures and their relation to atomic volumes, ib. — - — on chemical nomenclature, 1884, 39 ; 1885, 262 - - *on the law of total radiation at high temperatures, 1884, 623 ; *on the constitution of the elements, 672 ; *on the liquefaction of oxygen and the density of liquid hydrogen, 1884, 679 - on ware-length tables of the spectra of the elements and compounds, 1885, 288; 1886, 167 ; 1890, 224 - *on solutions of ozone and the chemical actions of liquid oxygen, 1885, 985 - on forming a uniform system of re¬ cording the results of water an ah/ sis, 1889, 55 - and G. Cranston on some reac¬ tions of chloro-sulphuric acid, 1869, 67 - and Prof. Liveing on the reversals of the spectral lines of metals, 1882, 495 - on sun-spots and the chemical ele¬ ments in the sun, 1883, 455 - spectroscopic studies of explosions, 1884, 672 * - on the absoiq tion spectrum of oxygen, 1888, 576 * - - experiments on the combustion of gases under pressure, 1890, 776 *Dewar (J.) and J. G. McKendrick on the action of light on the retina and other tissues, 1873, 126 * - further researches on the physio¬ logical action of the chinodine and pyridine bases, 1875, 165 - and A. Scott on the determination of the relative atomic weights of man¬ ganese, oxygen, and silver, 1881, 596; on some vapour density determina¬ tions, 597 - on the atomic weight of manganese, 1883, 459; on the molecular weights of the substituted ammonias, 460 De Winton (Col. Sir F.) *on the com¬ mercial future of Central Africa, 1888, 745 - - Address to the Geographical Section, 1889, 650 Dew-Smith (A. G.) on the zoological station at Naples , 1875, 18 ; 1877, 228 ; 1878, 149 ; 1879, 165 ; 1880, 161 ; 1881, 178 Dialysis, Dr. A. T. Machattie on the detection of poisons by, 1864, 34 Diamantiferous peridotite, a, and the genesis of the diamond, Prof. H. C. Lewis on, 1886, 667 Diamond, the application of the, to mineralogical and chemical analysis, Prof, von Baumhauer on, 1882, 489 - mines, certain ancient, in India, the identification of, Prof. Y. Ball on, 1882, 625 f. - - the ash of the, Prof. Sir H. E. Roscoe on, 1884, 681 - the matrix of the, Prof. H. C. Lewis on, 1887, 720 f Diamondiferous deposits of South Africa, Prof. Sir H. E. Roscoe on the, 1884, 681 Diamonds, Prof. Tennant on the recent discovery of, in Cape Colony, 1868, 79 * - received from the Cape of Good Hope during the last year, Prof. J. Tennant on the, 1869, 101 - of South Africa, Prof. J. Tennant on the, *1870, 88; 1875, 82 Diathermancy and electrolytic conduc¬ tivity, S. Bi dwell on, 1886, 309 Diatomaceae in coal from Lancashire and other places, the discovery of, by Count Abbot Castracane, Prof. E. Hull on, 1875,74 *Diatomaceous remains in the lake de¬ posits of Nova Scotia, A. H. Mackay on the, 1884, 783 - deposits (diatomite) from the peat of Aberdeenshire, W. I. Macadam on certain, 1885, 1017 Diatomite, deposits of, in Skye, W. T. Macadam and J. S. G. Wilson on, 1886, 678 Diatoms, the supposed radiolarians and, I 114 GENERAL INDEX. of the Carboniferous rocks, Prof. W. C. Williamson on, 1878, 534 Piazo compounds of primuline and de- hydrothiotoluidine, the action of light upon the : a method of photographic dyeing and printing, by A. G. Green, C. F. Cross, and E. J. Bevan, 1890, 781 — — group, colouring matters of the, R. Meldola on, 1883, 455 Diazoamido-compounds, the mixed, Drs. Noelting and Binder on the constit ution of, 1887, 643 - - : a study in chemical isomerism, Prof. R. Meldola on, 1890, 780 Dibdin (Mr.) on standards of light, 1888, 39 Pibenzylketone, the condensation of, with oxalic ether, Dr. T. Ewan on, 1890, 788 Dichroism of the vapour of iodine, Dr. Andrews on the, 1871, 66 Dickenson (Dr. W.) on the functions of the cerebellum, I860, 106 Dickie (Dr. G.), brief summary of a re¬ port on the Jiora of the North of Ire¬ land , 1861, 240 - on some diatoms from the inside of Echinus Norvegicus, 1868, 238 Dickinson (J.) on underground temper¬ ature , 1877, 194; 1878, 178; 1879, 40; 1880, 26; 1881, 90; 1882, 72; 1883, 45 ; 1885, 93 ; 1889, 35 Dickson (Dr. A.) exhibited an abnormal leaf of Primus lauro-cerasus , *1867, 81 - on some of the principal modifica¬ tions of the receptacle, and their rela¬ tion to the ‘ insertion ’ of the leaf- organs of the flower, 1868, 94 - [Prof. A.] exhibited a specimen of Primula sinensis, 1869, 113 * - on the embryo of the date palm, 1870, 1 15 - - on the cones of Pinus pinaster, 1872, 127; on Stigmarice from the fossiliferons strata at Auchentorlie, ib. * - on the embryogeny of certain species of Tropceolum, 1874, 133; *011 an abnormality in Chrysanthemum leu- canthemum, ib. - on an abnormality of Primula vul¬ garis with interpetaline lobes, 1875, 157; on a monstrosity in Saxifraga stellaris, ib. ; *on abnormal flowers of Tropceolum , ib. - on two monstrosities of Matricaria inodora, 1876, 143 ; on laticiferous canals in fruit of Limnocharis Plumieri , 144 - *on the structure of the pitcher of Ceplialotus, 1877, 104 ; ^exhibition of a specimen of Pogonatum a/pinum, ib. , - on the stipules of Spergularia marina, 1878, 568 ; on the inflorescence of Senebiera didyma, 569 ; on the six- celled glands of Ceplialotus, and their similarity to the glands of Sarracenia purpurea , ib. ; exhibition of specimens of Isoetes echinospora, 570 Dickson (H. N.) on the liygrometry of Ben Nevis, 1887, 594 - (J. T.) on cell-theories, 1864, 122 * - (Dr. Thompson) on vitality as a mode of motion, 1868, 114 Dictyospongidae, the fossil reticulate sponges constituting the family, Prof. J. Hall on, 1884, 725 Dicty oxylons of the Coal Measures, Prof. W. C. Williamson on the structure of the, 1871, 1 12 Dicline birds (extinct), report by Prof. A. Newton on the, of the Mascarene Islands r 1866, 401 ; 1867, 287 ; 1872, 23 Didus, Edward Newton on a remarkable discovery of bones of, in the island of Rodriguez, 1865, 92 Didymium chloride, the absorption spec¬ trum of, Prof. A. Schuster and T. G. Bailey on, 1883, 400 - the spectra of the haloid salts of, by Dr. G. H. Bailey, 1890, 773 ^Dielectrics, the viscosity of, W. E. Ayrton and J. Perry on, 1877, 33 - wave velocity in certain, F. T. Trou- ton on some experiments to determine, 1890, 741 Diet, George Frean on the use of milk and Scotch barley as an article of, 1864, 122 - Dr. John Davy on the effects of scanty and deficient, 1865, 102 * - the racial, in India. Surgeon-Major Johnston on the dynamics of, 1876. 154 Dietaries in the workhouses of England, and Wales, Dr. E. Smith on the, 1871, 141 Pietary of county prisons, on the in¬ equalities in the, 1861, 67 - of the Lancashire operatives, Dr. E. Smith on the, 1863, 123 - of the labouring classes, Dr. E. Smith on the, 1863, 123 * - of the agricultural poor, Rev. J. Slatter on the, 1864. 19 1 * - of the labouring classes, nutritive elements in the, Dr. E. Smith on, 1864, r9x Differential equation, a partial, connec¬ ted with the simplest case of Abel's theorem, by Prof. Cay ey, 1881, 534 - equation, a partial, J. W. L. Glaisher on, 1882, 454 - equation, Lame's , Prof. F. Linde- mann on, 1883, 351 - equations, W. Spottiswroode on Petzval’s asymptotic method of solving, 1861, 10 * - equations, W. H. L. Russell on linear, 1871, 23 GENERAL INDEX. 115 Differential equations of the first order which represent lines at infinity, Paul Mansion on the singular solutions of, 1875, 19 - equations, Rev. R. Harley on a certain class of linear, 1862, 4 - equations, Rev R. Harley on certain linear, 1878, 46 6 - equations, a theorem in linear, W. H. L. Russell on, 1879, 263 * - equations, satisfied by the modular equations, Prof. H. J. S. Smith on the, 1 881, 535 * - equations, a class of, Prof. Halphen on, 1881, 538 * - equations, A. R. Forsyth on systems of simultaneous linear, 1890, 745 ■ resolvent , the explicit form of the complete cubic , Jlev. It. Harley on, 1886, 439 - resolvent, complete integral of the n- ic, Rev. R. Harley on the, 1887, 606 - resolvents, Rev. Prof. R. Harley on, 1865, 6 ; 1866, 2 ; 1873, 17 ; *1881, 565 — — gravity meter, report of the Com¬ mittee for inviting designs for a good, 1886, 141 ; 1887, 41 ; 1888, 72; *1889, 504 - holophote, T. Stevenson on a, 1871, 37 Diffraction, Dr. T. 0. Ward on a phenome¬ non connected with, 1872, 45 * - bands near the edge of the shadow of an obstacle, Prof. G. F. FitzGerald on the, 1887, 584 * - grating, the Draper-Rutherford, J. N. Lockyer on, 1873, 38 - gratings, the Hon. J. W. Strutt on the application of photography to copy, 1872, 39 - gratings, a machine for ruling large, A. Mallock on, 1882, 466 ^Diffusion of liquids, secular illustration of the laws of the, 1876, 35 - rapid, of molten metals, a case of, Prof. W. C. Roberts on, 1883, 402 * - of metals, Prof. W. C. Roberts on the, 1888, 653, 675 ^Digastric muscle, the, its modifications and its functions, G. E. Dobson on, 1881, 722 Digestion, Dr. G. Robinson on the con¬ nection between the functions of res¬ piration and, 1861, 173 Dilatancy of media composed of rigid particles in contact, Prof. O. Reynolds on the, 1885, 896, *989 Diller (J. S.) on the geology of the Troad, 1883, 508 Dillon (Capt.) on the work of the An¬ thropometric Committee , 1878, 152 - (J.) on the effect of river or arterial drainage works upon river floods, 1878, 687 Dillon (J.) on an automatic sounder, 1884, 807 ; *on flood regulators, 896 - (T. A.) on a new ship-raising ma¬ chine, 1878, 713 Diluvial soil of Brabant, &c., T. L. Phip- son on the, 1862, 53 * - and alluvial deposits of Central Germany. Dr. K. von Seebach on, 1862, 195 Dimensional equations, Prof. J. Thomson on, 1878, 451 Dimethylanilme, Dr. H. E. Armstrong on the action of sulphuric acid on ethyl- aniline and, 1873, 62 Dimlington and Bridlington Glacial shell- beds, G. W. Lamplugh on the, 1881, 616 Dimorphic plants, A. S. Wilson on some, 1878, 568 Dines (G.) on a new hygrometer, 1872, 59 * - on the difference of rainfall with elevation, 1877, 38 Dingle (Rev. J.) on the supernumerary bows in the rainbow, 1862, 22 * - on specimens of flint instruments from North Devon, 1862, 72 Dinitrobrombenzene, J. F. Walker on, 1872, 85 Binobolus, T. Davidson and Prof. W. King on the genera Irimerella, Monomer ella , and, 1872, 100 *Dinosauria of Europe and America, comparison of the principal forms of, by Prof. O. C. Marsh, 1888, 660 - the classification of the, Prof. H. G. Seeley on, 1887, 698 Dinosaurian reptile ( Scelidosaurus Har- risoni ) from the Lower Lias of Char- mouth, Prof. Owen on a, 1861, 121 - reptiles, the classification and affini¬ ties of, Prof. 0. C. Marsh on, 1884, 763 * Dinotherium ■, deux especes, trouvees en Espagne, notice du, par Prof. Vilanova, 1887, 71 7 Biodontopsodus, Davis, a new genus of fossil fishes from the Mountain Lime¬ stone at Richmond, in Yorkshire, J. W. Davis on, 1881, 646 Bioncea muscipula, Dr. Burdon Sanderson on the electrical phenomena which accompany the contractions of the leaf of, 1873, 133 * - new researches on the electrical phenomena consequent on irritation of the leaves of the, by Prof. Burdon Sanderson, 1876, 163 Dioptase, Prof. Maskelyne on the locali¬ ties of, 1871, 74 Dip-circle, Dr. Joule on a new, 1870, 25 ; 1871, 48 *Diphenyl propyl, the synthesis of, R. D. Silva on, 1879, 293 * Biploxylon, Prof. W. C. Williamson on the structure of, a plant of the Car¬ boniferous rocks, 1871, 112 I 2 116 GENERAL INDEX. Diprotodon Australis, the discovery of, in tropical Western Australia (Kimber¬ ley district), E. T. Hardman on, 1886, 671 *Dircks (H.) on steam-boiler explosions, with suggestions for their investiga¬ tion, 1866, 141 - - on a uniformity of weights and mea¬ sures, 1868. 484 ; 1869, 308 ; 1870, 232 ; 1871, 198 * - on patent monopoly as affecting the encouragement, improvement, and progress of science, arts, and manu¬ factures, 1868, 159 - - on statistics of invention illustra¬ ting the policy of a Patent Law, 1869, 182 Disappearance of native plants from their local habitats, report on the , 1887, 130 ; 1889, 435; 1890, 465 Discount, Prof. Henry Fawcett on the causes which produce the present high rate of, 1864, 165 * - Prof. Leone Levi on the state and prospect of the rate of, wTith reference to the recent monetary crisis, 1866, 131 Disease, Alfred Haviland on the hour of death in acute and chronic, 1864, 123 - graft theory of, Dr. J. Ross on the, 1872, 152 Disinfectants, Drs. E. Schunck, R. A. Smith, and H. E. Roscoe on the manu¬ facture of, 1861, 127 - H. B. Condy on, 1863, 40 Disinfection, William Crookes on, 1866, 34 Disintegrating wheat, T. Carr on a new mill for, 1871, 233 Disintegrator, Carr’s, F. J. Bramwrell on some experiments upon a, 1871, 229 Dispersion and refraction in certain metals, H. E. J. G. du Bois and H. Rubens on, 1890, 728 Dispersion-equivalents, Dr. J. H. Glad¬ stone and Rev. T. P. Dale on, 1866, 10 * . and constitutional formula, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on, 1887, 660 Disruptive discharge in air, the effect of variation of pressure on the length of, J. E. H. Gordon on, 1878, 433 Dissection, preservation of the larger animals for, F. Greenwood on the, 1875, 167 Dissipative systems, a theorem relating to the time-moduli of, by Lord Ray¬ leigh, 1885, 91 1 Dissociation, evaporation and, Prof. W. Ramsay and Dr. S. Young on, 1884, 675 - and contact-action, by Rev. A. Irving, 1886, 577 - Rev. A. Irving on, 1888, 630 - theory of electrolysis, reply to Prof. Armstrong's criticisms regarding the, by S. Arrhenius, 1888, 352 ; note thereon, by Prof. H. E. Armstrong , 355 Dissociation of molecules by heat, C. R. C. Tichborne on the, 1871, 81 Dissolutions salines tr'es etendues , sur la conductilnlite electrigue des, par E. Bouty, 1886, 350 Distance, theory of, W. K. Clifford on the, 1869, 9 Distant (Mr.) on the work of the Anthro¬ pometric Committee , 1878, 152 Distichopora, S. J. Hickson on the male gonangia of, 1890, 864 Distillation, Prof. Wanklvn on fractional, 1863, 58 - of gas from cannel-coal, Dr. Ste¬ venson Macadam on the economic, 1869, 69 Distribution of animal life. A. R. Wallace on the geographical, 1863, 108 Distribution, the pure theory of, A. Berry on, 1890, 923 Dithyrocaris, H. Woodward and R. Etheridge, jun., on some specimens of, from the Carboniferous Limestone series, East Kilbride, and from the Old Red Sandstone (?) of Lanarkshire, 1873, 92 Dittmar (W.) on the vapour-tension of formiate of ethyl and of acetate of methyl, 1868, 36 * - on the proximate analysis of coal- gas : remarks on Reboul’s paper on pyro-tartaric acid, 1876, 63 - on the best means for the development of light from coal-gas, 1878, 108 ; 1880, 241 *Diurnal variations of the barometer and wind in Mauritius, C. Meldrum on the, 1877, 39 Divers (Prof. E.) on the sodium-alum of Japan, 1881, 586 ; on the occurrence of selenium and tellurium in Japan, ib. ; on the chrome iron ore of Japan, 587 - and M. Shimosk on the occurrence of tellurium and selenium in Japan, 1882, 487 * - and T. Nakamura, an apparently new hydrocarbon distilled from Japanese petroleum, 1885, 975 Divers, F. Galton on spectacles for, 1865, 10 Diving animals, Prof. Rolleston on cer¬ tain modifications in the structure of, 1862, 118 Division-remainders in arithmetic, W. H. Walenn on, 1876, 30 *Dixox (E. M.) on an apparatus for the analysis of impurities in the atmo¬ sphere, 1876, 63 - (E. T.) on geometry of four dimen¬ sions, 1888, 618 - (H. B.) on the influence of water on the union of carbonic oxide with oxygen at high temperatures, 1880, 503 . — f the influence of aqueous vapour on GENERAL INDEX. 117 the explosion of carbonic oxide and oxygen, 1882, 486 ; the velocity of ex¬ plosion of a mixture of carbonic oxide and oxygen with varying quantities of aqueous vapour, 487 Dixon (H. B.) on chemical nomenclature, 1883, 127; 1884, 39; 1885, 262 * - explosion of carbonic acid gas — a demonstration, 1883, 459 - on the incomplete combustion of gases, 1884, 671 ; on the velocity of explosions in gases, 688 - the rate of explosion of hydrogen and oxygen, 1885, 905 - on electrolysis in its physical and chemical hearings , 1886, 308 ; 1887, 336; 1888,339; 1889,223; 1890,138; on the preservation of gases over mer¬ cury, 1886, 583 - on the desirability of combined ac¬ tion for the translation of foreign me¬ moirs, 1887, 41 ; on standards of light, 47; 1888, 39 '* - explosion of a mixture of hydrogen, chlorine, and oxygen, 1889, 541 * - and J. A. Barker on the action of light on dry hydrogen and chlorine, 1889, 541 - and J. A. Harker on the rate of ex¬ plosion of hydrogen and chlorine in the dry and moist states, 1890, 776 - and H. W. Smith, the incomplete¬ ness of combustion in explosions, 1888, 632 * - (J.) on a process for utilising waste-products and economising fuel in the extraction of copper, 1881, 567 * - (W. Hepworth) on the Great Prairies and Prairie Indians, 1868, 134 * - on the Holy Islands in the White Sea, 1870, 169 - onthe exploration of Mo ab, 1872, 210 Dobson (G. E.) on the geographical dis¬ tribution of the Chiroptera , 1878, 158 - report on accessions to our knowledge of the Chiroptera during the past two years (1878-80), 1880, 169 * - on the digastric muscle, its modi¬ fications and its functions, 1881, 722 - on the homologies of the long fiexor muscles of the feet of mammalia, 1882, 574 - ton the comparative variableness of bones and muscles, with remarks on unity of type in variation of the origin and insertion of certain muscles in species unconnected by unity of descent, 1884, 767 ; an attempt to exhibit diagrammatically the several stages of evolution of the Mammalia, 768 ; on some peculiarities in the geo¬ graphical distribution of certain mam¬ mals inhabiting continental and oceanic islands, 770 Dobson (Thomas), report on the explo¬ sions in British coal-mines during the year 1859, 1861, 236 - - on the general forms of the sym¬ metrical properties of plane triangles, 1861, 2 * - on a new correction to be applied to observations made with Hadley’s sextant, 1868, 8 - on improved safety-apparatus for mine-hoists and warehouse-lifts, 1876, 222 *Dock, Sir E. Belcher on a navigable floating, 1869, 209 Dock-and-quay-walls, foundations, &c., T. S. Hunter on, 1876, 225 Dock-gates, R. A. Peacock on a new plan for hanging, 1863, 177 *Dodd (Capt. C.) on a recent visit to the Suez Canal, 1869, 160; on the Bunn of Cutch, ib. - (W. H.) on the economic law of strikes, 1874, 201 Dodo, the structure and arrangement of the feathers in the, Prof. H. N. Moseley on, 1884, 782 Dog, Dr. T. S. Cobbold on the Entozoa of the, in relation to public health, 1866, 72 - Prof. W. H. Flower on the compo¬ sition of the carpus of the, 1871, 138 - - note on the intelligence of the, by Sir J. Lubbock, 1885, 1089 *Dog-whelk, the egg-capsules of the, and their contents, Dr. W. B. Carpenter on, 1883, 540 Dohrn (Dr. Anton) on the morphology of the Arthropoda, 1867, 82 - on the foundation of zoological stations, 1870, 115 - on the foundation of zoological sta¬ tions in different parts of the world, 1871, 192; 1872, 47; 1873, 408 Dolgelly, J. W. Salter’s explanation of a map of the faults in the gold district of, 1865, 73 *Dolichocephalv, the rationale of bra- chycephaly and, Prof. Rolleston od, 1877, 120 * Dolichosaurus, H. Govier Seeley on the characters of, 1866, 67 ^Dolomites and limestones, the structure and origin of certain, T. S. Hunt on, 1862, 195 Dome of uniform stress, C. W. Merrifield on the determination of the form of the, 1874, 227 Domestic animals of Europe, W. Boyd Dawkins on the origin of the, 1871, 149 - motor, H. Davey on the, 1886, 806 *- — service for gentlewomen, Mrs. R. M. Crawshay on, 1875, 209 Domestication of animals, F. Galton on the, 1864, 93 118 GENERAL INDEX. Domestication of certain animals in Eng¬ land, bet ween the seventh and eleventh centuries, J. Thrupp on the, 1865, 94 Dominion Surveys, Trelawney Saunders on, 1884, 807 Donaldson (J.) on torpedo-boats, 1882, 672 Doncaster (C.) on the German and oilier systems of teaching the deaf to speak, 1880, 216 Donegal, R. H, Scott on the granitic rocks of, 1861, 31 - report on the chemical and mineralogical constitution of the granites of, and of the rochs associated with them, 1862, 163 ; 1863, 48 *- — the age of the crystalline rocks of, Prof. W. King on, 1878, 547 Donkin (A. E.)on an instrument for the composition of two harmonic curves, 1873, 45 - (Prof. W. F.) on the adequacy of existing data for carrying into effect the suggestion of Gauss , to apply his general theory of terrestrial magnetism to the magnetic variations, 1862, 170 * - (Dr.) on the physiological action of the uterus in parturition, 1863, 192 Donnell (Prof.) on the Ulster tenant- right, 1874, 202 Donnelly (Capt. J. F. D.) on the nature and results of the aid granted by the State towards the instruction of the in¬ dustrial classes in elementary sciences, 1861, 217 Doomsday Book, F. P. Fellowes on a proposed, giving the value of govern¬ ment property as a basis for a sound system of national finance and ac¬ counts, 1871, 21 1 ; *1874, 204 Doors, G-. Fawcus on suggested improve¬ ments in, 1864, 186 Dorsetshire, Dr. T. Wright on the White Lias of, 1864, 75 — — - C. C. Blake on skulls from round barrows in, 1866, 94 Dorsey (E. B.) on the Witwatersrand goldfields, 1889, 592; on the compara¬ tive cost of working English and American railways, 752 Doty (Capt.) on the torpedoes used by the Confederate States in thejdestruc- tion of some of the Federal "ships of war, and the mode of attaching them to the rams, 1864, 185 Double refraction. See Refraction, double *Dougall (Dr. John) on the relative powers of various substances in pre¬ venting the generation of animalcules, or the development of their germs, with special reference to the germ- theory of putrefaction, 1871, 124 *Doughty (Mr.) on flint instruments from Hoxne, 1862, 72 Doughty (Charles M.) on the Yostedal Brae, a large glacier-system in South Norway, 1864, 143 Douglas (J.) and Dr. T. S. Hunt, the Sonora earthquake of May 3, 1887, 1887, 712 * - (R.) on the Corliss engine, 1871, 234 — — - (W. H.), an annual winding clock, with torsion pendulum, 1888, 823 * Douglass (J. N.) on the Eddystone house, 1877, 202 - [Sir J. N.] on the rate of erosion of the sea-coasts of England and Wales , i884. 238; 1885, 404; 1886,847; 1888, 898 - on standards of light, 1886, 39 ; 1887, 47 5 1888, 39 - Address to the Mechanical Section, 1886, 786 - discussion on lightning-conductors, 1888, 608 - on the investigation of the action of waves and currents on the beds and foreshores of estuaries by means of work¬ ing models , 1889, 327; 1890, 512 - on improvements in coast signals , with supplementary remarks on the new Eddystone lighthouse , 1884, 584 * - (W. A.), loans and savings com¬ panies, 1884, 835 - harmonies and antagonisms in the social forces, 1884, 869 Dover, the synclinal structure of the Straits of, W. Topley on, 1882, 546 Dowie (James) on the loss of muscular power arising from the ordinary foot- clothing nowr worn, and on the means required to obviate this loss, 1862, 125 - (Miss M. M.) on a journey in the Eastern Carpathians, 1890, 896 Dowker (G-.) on the erosion of the coast of East Kent , 1885, 415 Dowkerbottom cave, in Craven, a pre¬ liminary account of the working of, during August 1881, by E. B. Poulton, 1881, 622 Down, Prof. E. Hull on the trachyte porphyries of Antrim and, 1872, hi - W. A. Traill on geological sections in the county, 1874, 93 - and Antrim, Rev. Canon Hume on the origin and characteristics of the people in the counties, 1874, 153 Dowson (A.), notes on the coast from the Wyre to the Kibble, 1888, 90 - (J. E.) on the economical effect of using cheap gas for gas-motors, with a description apparatus for producing such gas, 1881, 775 - on gaseous fuel, 1888, S05 ‘ Drainage area,’ D. Mackintosh on the desirability of substituting, for the term ‘ River basin,’ 1875, 75 GENERAL INDEX. 11'c., in, 1863, 715 - coal-field of, Nicholas Wood and Edward F. Boyd on ‘ the Wash,’ a re¬ markable denudation through a portion of the, 1863, 89 f - coal-field, the extension of the, Prof. G-. A. Lebour and J. Marlev on, 1889, 580 -- — - Dr. Wilson on the habits and diseases of the coal-miners of, 1863, 126 - list of phasnogamous plants dis¬ covered in the S.E. of, since 1829, by John Hogg, 1863, 96 - - and Northumberland, John Hogg on the ballast-flora of the coasts of, 1866, 74 - University academical endowments, James Hey wood on the opening and extension of, 1863, 154 - observations of earth-tremors in, 1888, 522 Durham (W.) on solution, 1887, 655 Durness and Eriboll, the geology of, with special reference to the Highland con¬ troversy, B. N. Peach and J. Horne on, 1885, 1027 Dust as a ferment, C. R. C. Tichborne on, 1870, 65 - G. Gladstone on the, thrown up by Vesuvius during the late eruption, 1872, 74 Dutch expedition to Central Sumatra, Prof. P. J. Veth on the, 1879, 434 * - in South Africa, Miss F. S. Alliott on the, 1886, 834 Dwellings for the industrial classes, W. Botly on, 1873, 186 - for the poor, improved, D. G. Hoey on, 1889, 704 Dyas versus Permian, Rev. A. Irving on, 1883, 503 Dyck (Prof. W.) on the ‘Analysis Situs’ of threedimensional spaces, 1884, 648 Dye-stuffs, Dr. W. Lauder Lindsay on the present uses of lichens as, 1867, 38 Dyer (Prof. W. T. Thiselton). See Thiselton-Dyer (Prof. W. T ) Dyes, fast and fugitive, Prof, J. J. Hum¬ mel on, 1890, 782 Dymond (T. S.) and Prof. Dunstan, the reduct ion- products of the nitro- paraffins and alkyl nitrites, 1887, 649 Dynamic theory of heat, certain objec¬ tions to the, H. W. Cook on, 1870, 38 Dynamical theory of radiation, Prof. A. Schuster on the, 1881, 561 - problem, a geometrical illustra¬ tion of a, Prof. R. S. Ball on, 1883, 407 Dynamics, Arthur Cayley on the pro¬ gress of the solution of certain special problems of, 1862, 184 ; rectilinear motion, 186 ; central forces, 187 ; ellip¬ tic motion, 191 ; the problem of trvo centres, 194; the spherical pendulum, 201 ; motion as affected by the rotation of the earth, and relative motion in general, 203 ; motion of a single par¬ ticle, 205 ; motion of three mutually attracting bodies in a right line, 206 ; ptarticular cases of the motion of three bodies, 207 ; motion in a resisting medium, 208 ; memoirs by Jacobi, Ber¬ trand, and Donkin, relating to various special problems, 213 ; the problem of three bodies, 214; transformation of co¬ ordinates, 218 ; principal axes, and moments of inertia, 223 ; the rotation of a solid body, 229 ; kinematics of a solid body, 242 ; miscellaneous problems, 244 ; rotation round a fixed point, ib. ; other cases of the motion of a solid body , •ib. ; list of memoirs and works referred to, 245 - Prof. Boole on the differential equa¬ tions of, 1862, 3 - of any material system, R. S. Ball on the extension of the theory of screws to the, 1881, 547 - of non-Euclidian space, a funda¬ mental theorem in the, Prof. R. S. Ball on, 1883, 406 ■ - elementary, the nomenclature of, J. AValmsley on, 1887, 622 * - chemical, contributions to, by Dr. C. R. A. Wright, 1877, 54 Dynamite, a recent preparation of nitro¬ glycerine as a blasting agent, A. Nobel on, 1868, 194 Djmamo, burning by lightning of a magnet on a generating, Dr. A. Traill on the, 1888, 615 * - controlling the direction of rota¬ tion of a, A. Winter on, 1888, 824 - - a new hand, W. H. Preece on, 1882, 447 - - for electro-metallurgy, Prof. G. Forbes on a, 1886, 815 Dynamo-electric machines, improvements in, W. Ladd on, 1879, 258 - machines, the general theory of, Dr. E. Hopkinson on, 1887, 612 Dynamo-magnetic machine, W. Ladd on a new form of, 1867, 13 ; 1868, 19 Dynamometer coupling, Profs. W. E. Ayrton and J. Perry on a, 1881, 553 - a flexible band, Prof. W. C. Unwin on, 1883, 656 GENERAL INDEX 123 ^Dynamometers in absolute measure, Prof. R. S. Ball on, 1873, 44 * - Prof. 0. Reynolds on certain, 1877, 217 Dynamos, the proper proportions of resist¬ ance in the working coils, the electro¬ magnets, and the external circuits of, Prof. Sir Wm. Thomson on, 1881, 528 * - the equations of, Prof. S. P. Thomp¬ son on, 1884, 655 * - some points in, Prof. S. P. Thomp¬ son on, 1884, 894 Eads, Mr. James B., the works now in course of execution for improving the navigation of one of the mouths of the Mississippi, under the direction of, Capt. D. Galton on, 1877, 202 * - (Capt. J. B.), observations on the improvements of the Mississippi River and on the proposed ship railway across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico, 1881, 774 Eagles, John Hogg on the Roman im¬ perial and crested, 1863, 104 Ear of Amphibia, development of the columella in the, Prof. T. H. Huxley on the, 1874, 141 * - the physiognomy of the, Dr. Simms on, 1875, 178 * - physiology of the semicircular canals of the, Prof. Crum Brown 011 some points in the, 1874, 138 - termination of the nerves in the vestibule and semicircular canals of mammals, Dr. U. Pritchard on the, 1876, 156 Earle (Rev. J.) on the ethnography of Scotland, 1875, 172 Earnshaw (Rev. S.) on etherspheres as a vera causa of natural philosophy, 1879, 248 * - on a theorem relating to the trans¬ formation of series, 1879, 291 - on the integral of Laplace’s equa¬ tion in finite terms, 1880, 486 Ears, the function of the two, in the perception of space, Prof. S. P. Thomp¬ son on, 1881, 716 {see ‘ Binaural ’) Earth, age of the, J. Croll on the tidal retardation argument for the, 1876, 88 - currents, magnetic disturbances and, Prof. W. G. Adamson , 1881, 463 - currents , Prof. Matteucci on electri¬ cal, 1866, 463 - - currents, E. O. Walker on, 1884, 655 - eccentricity of the, and the preces¬ sion of the equinoxes, a diagram of the, illustrating their relation to geological climate and the rate of organic change, A. R. Wallace on, 1870, 89 * - the eccentricity of the, and the method of finding the co-ordinates of its centre of gravity, W. Ogilby on, 1862, 17 Earth, extrication of carbonic acid from the interior of the, Dr. Daubeny on the cause of the, 1864, 52 - figure of the, W. H. L. Russell on the calculation of the potential of the, 1865, 8 - movements, the effects produced by, on pre-Cambrian and Lower Palaeozoic rocks in some sections in Wales and Shropshire, Dr. H. Hicks on, 1890, 804 * - nebular origin of the, G. J. Stoney on the confirmation of the, 1874, 22 - physical condition of the, in the earlier epochs of its history. Rev. James Brodie on the, 1863, 67 * - - secular cooling and figure of the, Prof. Clifford on the, 1871, 34 - - interior of the, the limits of hypo¬ theses regarding the physical proper¬ ties of the matter of the, Prof. II. Hennessy on, 1878, 485 - the interior of the, some recent investigations into the condition of, Prof. E. W. Claypole on, 1888, 669 - - internal heat of the, Dr. Julius Schvarcz on the, 1867, 158 * - physics of the internal, Dr. Vaughan on the, 1874, 22, 95 - rotation of the, influence of the, on the apparent path of a heavy particle, Prof. Price on the, 1861, 6 - rotational period of the, and the revolution period of the moon deduced from the nebular hypothesis of Laplace, notes upon the, by W. E. Stanley, 1885, 9i5 - tremors, report on the advisability and possibility of establishing in other parts of the country observations upon the prevalence of, similar to those now being made in JDurham, 1888, 522 ^Earth’s axis, Rev. Prof. Haughtonon the, 1878, 548 - climate, some future and past changes in the, R. A. Peacock on, 1870, 82 - crust, W. Fairbairn on the tempera¬ ture of the, as exhibited by thermo - metrical returns obtained during the sinking of the deep mine at Dukinfield, 1861, 53 - magnetic field, the measurement of the intensity of the horizontal compo¬ nent of, T. Gray on, 1885, 898 - magnetic force, John Allan Broun on the supposed connection between meteorological phenomena and the variations of the, 1861, 49 - orbit, eccentricity of the, and the moon’s mean motion in longitude. Rev. Dr. E. Hincks on the relationship between the variation of the, 1863, 6 124 GENERAL INDEX. *Earth-closet, D. T. Bostel on a modifi¬ cation of the, 1872, 241 - D. Carter on a modification of the, 1872, 242 Earthenware, C. T. Mating on the manu¬ facture of, at Newcastle, 1863, 45 Earthquake and volcanic phenomena of Japan , report on the , 1881, 200; 1882, 205; 1883,211; 1884, 241; 1880,362; 1886,413; 1887, 212; 1888, 422 ; 1889, 295 ; 1890, 160 - - at Mendoza, R. Bridge on the great, If 61, 187 - - of 1881 in the island of Ischia, pre¬ liminary notice of the, by H. J. John- ston-Lavis, 1883, 499 - of July 1883 in the island of Ischia, preliminary notice of the, by H. J. Johnston-Lavis, 1883, 501 * - at St. Helena, Sir C. Elliot on a recent, 1864, 143 - - districts of Scotland, Dr. J. Bryce on the, 1876, 88 - observations on Ben Nevis, Prof. J. A. Ewing on the juoposed, 1885, 920 - and storm in Sussex, of August 21, 1864, Rev. E. B. Ellmar on the, 1864, 16 - the recent, in the United States, note on, by W. Topley, with telegraphic despatch from Major Powell, 1886, 656 - of May 3, 1887, T. Sterry Hunt and J. Douglas on the Sonora, 1887, 712 - waves, Robert Mallets report of the experiments made at Holyhead to ascertain the velocity of waves analogous to, 1861, 201 Earthquakes, the cause of, Prof. Vaughan on subterranean movements, 1861, 134 - causes of, and volcanic eruptions, J. Alexander Davies on the, 1863, 67 - relation between coast-line direc¬ tions represented by great circles, and the localities marked by, J. P. O’Reilly on the, 1880, 576 - in Scotland, report of the committee on, 1870, 48; 1871, 197; 1872, 240; 1873, 194; 1874,241; 1875, 64; 1876, 74 - some recent, on the Durham coast, and their probable cause, Prof. G. A. Lebour on, 1885, 1013 - steam as the active agent in, R. A. Peacock on, 1865, 68 Earthworks, certain remarkable, at Wain- fleet, Lincolnshire, Rev. C. Sewell on, 1870, 157 * - Committee, report of the, 1878, 580 Earthworm, Dr. John Davy on the blood of the common, 1861, 165 ; 1862, 124 Earthworms, recent researches on, Dr. W. B. Benham on, 1887, 749 East Morley and Bradford Savings-bank. T. Haig on the, 1873, 188 Easterfield (T. H.) and Dr. J. M. Wilson, the River Aire: a study in river pollution, 1890, 780 Eastern Archipelago, Alfred R. Wallace on the trade of the, with New Guinea and its islands, 1862, 148 * - Archipelago, the, and NewT Guinea? A. R. Wallace on, 1862, 196 Easton (Edward) on steam-boiler explo¬ sions, 18 72,57 ; on claims for reward for inventions adopted by Government , 243 : on the Brighton Waterworks, 395 - Address to the Mechanical Section, 1878, 679 - on the erosion of the sea-coasts of England and Wales, 1884, 238 ; 1885. 404; 1886, 847 ; 1888, 89S. Eaton (R.) on certain economical im¬ provements in obtaining motive power 1869, 226 ; 1870, 215 - on certain economical improvement- in the construction of locomotive engines, 1872, 243 * - on the wmrking of locomotives with heated air and steam, 1873, 213 Eau, Dr. Janssen, sur le spectre de la vapeur d’, 1869, 67 Ebalia, new to the British list, C. W. Peach on an, 1870, 122 Ecballium elaterium, dehiscence of fruit of, Prof. T. Johnson on the, 1890. 867 Echinoderm fauna of the island of Ceylon, Prof. F. J. Bell on the, 1885, 1065 Echinodermata of the Sea of Bengal, Prof. F. J. Bell on the, 1888, 718 - Rev. A. Merle Norman on the, pro¬ cured by the Shetland Dredging Com¬ mittee, 1867, 440 - - madreporic system in, Dr. M. Hartog on the true nature and func¬ tion of the, 1887, 736 - naked, C. Moore on the presence of, in the Inferior Oolite and Lias, 1872, 1 17 - pedicellarias of the, Dr. W. B. Herapath on the, 1864, 95 *Echinoderms of the expedition of H.M.S. ‘ Porcupine,’ Prof. Wyville Thomson on some of the, 1870, 128 — — - the mutual relation of the recent groups of, Prof. A. M. Marshall on, 1884, 76S * Ecldnoidea regularia, C. Stewart on the structure of the, 1866, 79 * Echinorhinus, Prof. J. Duns on two specimens of, taken in the Firth of Forth, 1871, 132 Eckart (W. R.) on marine propulsion, 1872, 243 *Eckersley (J.) on J. R. Swan’s im¬ proved calcining kilns, 1867, 153 GENERAL INDEX. 125 *Eckhold’s omnimeter, a new surveying- instrument, G. W. Hope on, 1873, 47 Eclipse, solar, of August 18, 1868, Major J. F. Tennant on the preparations for observing the total, 1867, 5 * - solar, M. Janssen on the coming, 1871, 34 - expedition of December 12, 1871, British Association , interim report on the results obtained by the, 1872, 330 - du 12 Dec. 1871, resultat de ses ob¬ servations dans l’Jnde sur T, par Dr. Janssen, 1872, 34 - the total solar, of April 5, 1875, observed at Bangchallo (Siam), Dr. J. Janssen on, 1875, 24; *1876, 40 - totale et la couronne, Dr. J. Janssen sur T, 1878, 445 - totale du 6 Mai, 1883, a Idle Caro¬ line (long. 152° 20' ouest, Paris, lat. 10° sud), Ocean Pacifique, note sur les resultats de ses observations de P, par Dr. J. Janssen, 1883, 429 * - expedition, Grenada, Dr. D. MacAlister on a communication from the, 1886, 518 — — expedition, Prof. C. A. Young on the Princeton, 1887, 590 - of the moon, some photographs of an, F. Greene on, 1888, 617 Eclipses, Rev. E. Hincks on the quantity of the acceleration of the moon’s mean motion as indicated by the records of certain ancient, 1861, 22 ; G. B. Airy’s remarks on this paper, 12 - W. Spottiswoode on the Hindu method of calculating, 1862, iS * - solar, J. N. Lockyer on recent and coming, 1871, 34 Economic effects of combinations of la¬ bourers and capitalists, report of the committee appointed to inquire into the, and into the lams of economic science bearing on the principles on which they are founded, 1874, 266 - fallacies, some typical, made by social reformers, L. L. Price on, 1890, 928 - law of strikes, W. H. Dodd on the, 1874, 201 * - policy of the United States, the, Prof. L. Levi on the, 1887, 829 * - progress, the drawbacks of modern, E. L. K. Gonner on, 1890, 928 - Science and Statistics, Addresses of the Presidents of the Section of : — Manchester, W. Newmarch, 1861, 201 * Cambridge, Edwin Chadwick, 1862 Newcastle-upon-Tyne, W.Tite, 1863, 149 Bath, Dr. W. Farr, 1864, 15 1 Birmingham, Lord Stanley, 1865, 131 Nottingham, Prof. Thorold Rogers, 1866, 1 1 7 Dundee, M. E. Grant-Duff, 1867, 132 Economic Science and Statistics, Ad¬ dresses of the Presidents of the Sec¬ tion of : — Norwich, Samuel Brown, 1868, 144 Exeter, Sir Stafford Northcote, 1869, 1 73 Liverpool, Prof. W. S. Jevons, 1870, 178 Edinburgh, Lord Neaves, 1871, 19 1 Brighton, Prof. H. Fawcett, 1872, 217 Bradford, Rt. Hon. W. E. Forster, 1873, 174 Belfast, Lord O’Hagan, 1874, 185 Bristol, James Heywood, 1875, 197 Glasgow, Sir G. Campbell, 1876, 186 Plymouth, Earl Fortescue, 1877, 15 1 Dublin, Prof. J. K. Ingram, 1878, 641 Sheffield, G. Shaw Lefevre, 1879, 479 *Swansea, G. W. Hastings, 1880, 671 York, Rt. Hon. M. E. Grant-Duff, 1881, 752 Southampton, Rt. Hon. G. Sclater- Bootb, 1882, 631 Southport, R. H. Inglis Palgrave, 1883, 605 Montreal, Sir R. Temple, 1884, 813 Aberdeen, Prof. H. Sidgwick, 1885, 1141 Birmingham, J. B. Martin, 1886, 7 37 Manchester, R. Giffen, 1887, 806 Bath, Lord Bramwell, 1888, 749 Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Prof. F. Y. Edgeworth, 1889, 671 Leeds, Prof. A. Marshall, 1890, 89S - science, the Comtist criticism of, Rev. Dr. Cunningham on the, 1889, 462 - theory, the relations between sliding scales and, L. L. Price on the, 1888, 523 - value of art in manufactures, E. R. Taylor on the, 1886, 751 - welfare of nations, the uses of esti¬ mates of aggregate capital and income as measures of the, E. Cannanon, 1890, 929 Economical aspects of endowments of education and original research, C. E. Appleton on some of the, 1873, 183 Economics, the application of Biology to, P. Geddes on, 1885, 1166 - and statistics viewed from the standpoint of the preliminary sciences, P. Geddes on, 1881, 765 - P. Geddes on the application of physical science to, 1886, 783 - practical, on the application of physics and biology to, by P. Geddes, 1887, 841 * - the position of, in Holland, Prof. Greven on, 1887, 852 * Economist, Mrs. Y. C. W. Martin on the ideal aim of the, 1890, 928 Economy in education and in writing, Eizak Pitman on, 1888, 776 - of metal in conductors of electri¬ city, Prof. Sir Wm. Thomson on the, 1881, 526 126 GENERAL INDEX. Eddy (Dr.) on a class of gun-boats ca¬ pable of engaging armour-plated ships at sea, with suggestions for fastening on armour-plates, 1861, 257 *Eddystone lighthouse, J. N. Douglass on the, 1877, 202 - lighthouse, the new, Sir J. N. Douglass on, 1884, 590 Ede (Rev. W. M.), a national pension fund, 1889, 715 Eden, Cumberland, Prof. Harkness on the occurrence of faults in the Permian rocks of the lower portion of the Vale of the, 1873, 81 Edge (J. H.) on the application of copy- hold enfranchisement to long leases in Ireland, the assimilation of chattel and freehold succession, and the simplifica¬ tion of transfer of land, 1878, 663 Edgeworth (F. Y.) on the abstract theory of rent, 1882, 642 - on methods of ascertaining varia¬ tions in the rates of birth, death, and marriage, 1885, 1165 - on the mathematical theory of banking, 1886, 777 - on the best methods of ascertaining and measuring variations in the value of the monetary standard, 1887, 247, 254; 1888, 181 ; 1889, 133; 1890,485 - memorandum of the proposed calcu¬ lation of index numbers , 1888, 188 ; on the statistical data available for deter¬ mining the amount of the precious metals in use as money, tyc., 1888, 219 ; 1889, 164 ; 1890, 498 ; on Jevons' method of ascertaining the number of coins in circulation. 1888, 224 - on the statistics of examination, 1888, 763 - Address to the Section of Economic Science and Statistics, 1889, 671 - on the element of chance in ex¬ aminations, 1890, 920 Edinburgh Botanic Garden, Prof. J. H. Balfour on the cultivation of ipecacu¬ anha in the, for transmission to India, 1871, 127 - D. Grieve on the fossil if erous strata at Lochend, near, 1871, 98 - Industrial home for fallen women, W. M‘Bean on the, 1871, 212 - - Merchant Companj7, T. J. Boyd on educational hospital reform and the scheme of the, 1871, 202 - outline of the history of volcanic action around, by Arch. Geikie, 1871, 88 ; glacial phenomena in the neigh¬ bourhood of, Arch. Geikie on, 89 - C. W. Peach on additions to the list of fossils and localities of the Car¬ boniferous formation in and around, 1871, 109 - Prof. T. C. Archer on the occur¬ rence of Erysimum orientate under peculiar circumstances at, 1868, 88 *Edison steam dynamo, the efficiency of the, Dr. Fleming on, 1882, 667 Edkins (Rev. J.) on the degeneracy of man, 1874, 150 Edmonds (F. B.) on the sun-spot period, and planetary tides in the solar atmo¬ sphere, 1881, 544 * - - (R.) on extraordinary agitations of the sea, 1869, 160 Edmunds’ electrical phonoscope, W. Ladd on, 1878, 448 Edmunds (H.), the graphophone, 1888, 792 ; on a system of electrical distri¬ bution, 813 - (Dr. L.), electric lighting and the law, 1885, 1195 Education Act, 1870, the Elementary, Miss L. E. Becker on some practical diffi¬ culties in working, 1874, 192 - - agricultural, Prof. J. Long on the, 1888, 776 - of artisans, Dr. G. B. Barron on the. 1883, 627 - a chapter of economics, T. W. Dunn on, 1888, 773 — — - chemistry as a branch of, Dr. Thomas Wood on, 186«, 49 - compulsory, Dr. W. Jack on the results of five years of, 1876, 200 - endowed, James Heywood on, 1862, 153 - food as an aid to elementary, G. H. Sargant on, 1887, 851 * - funds available for developing the machinery of, Professor J. E. T. Rogers on the, 1867, 145 - geography, political and physical, the Rev. E. Hale on the place of, in, 1872, 209 - of girls, Lydia E. Becker on some maxims of political economy as ap¬ plied to the employment of women and the, 1871, 201 - home, in its bearing on technical edu¬ cation, Miss C. M. Mason on, 1887, 846 * - the industrial, of women abroad and at home, E. J. Watherston on, 1888, 771 * - in India, A. Jyram-Row on the present state of, and its bearing on the question of social science, 1871, 212 — — manual training a main feature in national, W. Mather on, 1887, 843 - national, Mrs. W. Grey on the standard of, 1875, 213 - of pauper children, industrially and otherwise, Rev. J. 0 Bevan on the, 1883, 629 * - physical, and hygiene in schools, W. Jolly on, 1876, 207 - popular, the Rev. C. Sewell on hindrances to the success of, 1866, 133 GENERAL INDEX. 127 Education as a science, Mrs. W. Grey on the study of, 1874, 204 — _ university, Rev. W. Emery on the expenses and social condition of, 1862, 193 - and writing, economy in, Eizak Pitman, 1888, 776 Educational endowments, J. G. Fitch on, 1868, 163 - hospitals at Edinburgh, reform of, Thomas J. Boyd on, 1871, 202 - - - institutions, J. Heywood on the inspection of endowed, 1861, 222 * - League, Jesse Codings on some statistics of the National, 1869, 182 - - qualifications, Rev. G. Fisher on the numerical mode of estimating, as pursued at the Greenwich Hospital School, 1862, 153 - statistics of Bradford, J. Hanson on, 1873, 189 *Edwards (R.) on recent discoveries of flint implements in drift-gravels in Middlesex, Essex, and Berks, 1875, 173 Ed/vardsia , Prof. Allman on the structure of, 1872, 132 *Eetvelde (M. van), notice sur letat independant du Congo, 1 887, 798 *Effertz (Peter) on a brick-making machine, 1861, 258 Effluvia, Dr. G. Robinson on the nature and varieties of organic, 1863, 120 Egerton (Hon. Capt.), report on steam¬ ship g) erf or mane e, 1861, 190 ; 1862, 282 : 1663, 339 . - (Sir Philip de Malpas Grey), report on the distribution of the organic remains of the North Staffordshire Coal-field, 1863, 342 ; 1865, 42 Egg of osseous fishes, Dr. W. H. Ransom on the protoplasmic movements in the, 1866, 92 - of the common fowl, B. T. Lowne on the ciliated condition of the inner layer of the blastoderm and of the omphalo-mesenteric vessels in the, 1871, *140, 242 *Egg-membranes of osseous fishes, some remarks on the, by Dr. R. Scharff, 1886, 698 Eggs of birds, Dr. John Davy on the, 1863, 1 12 - decomposition of, W. Thomson on the, 1874, 143 * - of British birds, O. Groom-Napier on the cause of the variation in the, 1866, 77 * - of birds, some of the probable causes of variation in the, H. B. Hewetson on, 1890, 860 Egypt, ancient maps of, Cope White- house od, 1890, 896 - Mr. Flinders Petrie’s collection of ethnographic types in , Rev. II. (I. Tovnldns on, 1887, 450, 899; Observa¬ tions on Mr. Petrie’s ethnological casts from, by Dr. I. Taylor, 907 fEgypt, wind-action in, W. M. F. Petrie on, 1 889, 663 - Lower, notice of an outline geological map of, by Prof. E. Hull, 1885, 1015 Egyptian art, early, hypothesis of a European origin of, Rev. J. Wilson on the, 1889, 778 * - monuments, notes on the accuracy of the sculptures and paintings of races on the, by W. M. F. Petrie, 1887, 899 - pictures and sculptures , the ancient , report of the committee for obtaining racial photographs from, 1887, 439 - race, Reg. Stuart Poole on the ethnic relations of the, 1864, 146 Ehrhardt (E. F.) on the relative sta¬ bility of the camphene hydrochlorides C10H]7C1 obtained from turpentine and camphene respectively, 1886, 591 Eikonogen, a new photographic developer, Prof. G. D. Liveing on, 1889. 533 *Ekman (C. F.) on the fundamental prin¬ ciples of algebra, chiefly with regard to negative and imaginary quantities. 1861, 4 Elasmobranch fishes, F. M. Balfour on the development of the, 1874, 138 - F. M. Balfour on the development of the proto-vertebras in, 1876, 147 * - the modifications of electric organs in, Prof. J. C. Ewart on, 1889, 627 Elastic force of certain forms of springs, F. H. Wenham on the, 1873, 49 - - - solid, Dr. J. Hopkinson on the stresses produced in an, by inequalities of temperature, 1872, 51 Elasticities of air, Prof. S. P. Thompson on the ratio of the two, 1887, 581 Elasticity of wires, secular experiments upon the, report of the Committee for commencing, 1878, 103 ; 1879, 33 ; 1880, 6 1 *- - of wires, J. T. Bottomley on the, 1880, 494 - of wires, secular experiments in Glasgow on the, J. T. Bottomley on, 1886, 537 Elbolton Cave, exploration of the, b}T Rev. E. Jones, 1890, 817 Elcock (C.) on a new method for pro¬ moting the sanification of our cities, 1874, 203 Elder (John), report on steamship per¬ formance, 1861, 190 El Dorado, Dr. C. Le Neve Foster on the existence of Sir Walter Ralei. h’s, 1869, 162 Electric action, figures produced by, on photographic dry plates, J Brown on, 1888, 565 128 GENERAL INDEX. -^Electric balance, F. H. Varley on the, 1869, 46 - balances, Sir IV. Thomson on new, 1887, 582 - block telegraphs, F. H. Varley on, 1877, 219 -* - - cables, C. F. Varley on a method of testing submerged, 1871, 48 - - cables, with reference to observa¬ tions on the Malta-Alexandria tele¬ graph, Dr. Ernest Esselbach on, 1862, 26 - capacity of certain accumulators, Dr. A. Muirhead on the constancy of, 1879, 283 - . circuits, safety fuses for, Prof. Sir Wm. Thomson on, 1881, 632 - condenser, capacity of a certain, and on the value of V, C. Hockin on the, 1879, 285 - condensers , Dr. Esselbach on the determination of the absolute quantity of chary e on, 1862, 27 - conduction, continuity of, Dr. J. Ilophinson on, 1886, 309 - conduction of alloys and solid sul¬ phides, Dr. J. H. Gladstone and W. Hibbert on the, 1888, 347 - control for an equatorial clock- movement, the Earl of Posse on an. 1884, 636 - - convection-currents, Prof. S. P. Thompson on, 1880, 470 - - current accumulator, Sir W. Thom¬ son on a uniform-, 1867, 16 - - cu rrent, the action of an, in hastening the formation of lagging compounds, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on, 1887, 344 - - current, constant, with varying electro-motive force, the production of a, from a dynamo, A. P. Trotter on, 1887, 616 * - current, direction of the, J. C. Bow¬ ring on the, 1865, 28 - current, a divided, an experiment showing that it may be greater in both branches than in the mains, Lord Ray¬ leigh on, 1886, 527 - current, the influence of an, on the thinning of a liquid film, Profs. A. W. Remold and A. W. Rucker on, 1884, 652 - - current, laws defining the strength of the, which can be sent through wires of different diameters without raising the external temperature above a cer¬ tain limit, Prof. G. Forbes on the, 1882, 668 - current meter. Prof. G. Forbes on an, 1S87, 564 - - current-weigher, a new form of, Prof. J. Blyth on, 1889, 51 1 - currents, the absolute measurement of, Prof. Lord Rayleigh on, 1882, 445 - currents, alternating, the energy lost by radiation from, Prof. FitzGerald on, 1888, 404 Electric currents, Dr. Joule's determina¬ tion of the dy namical equivalent of heat from the thermal effects of, 1867, 512 - currents, earth, Prof. Matteucci on, 1886, 463 - currents, detection of weak, F. H. Varley on the construction of a galvano¬ meter for the, 1868, 20 - currents, duration of free, in an infinite conducting cylinder, Prof. Lord Rayleigh on the, 1882, 446 - currents produced by the Gramme magneto-electric machine, notes of ex¬ periments on the, by A. N. Breguet, 1874, 33 - currents and potentials, constant gravitational instruments for measur- ing, Prof. Sir W. Thomson on, 1885, 905 - currents, repulsion of wdres in¬ fluenced by, W. H. L. Russell on the, 1879, 263 ' - currents, steady and alternate, the relative effects of, on different con¬ ductors, W. H. Preece on, 1889, 513 - discharge, analysis of the luminous, by his photographic revolver, Dr. J. Janssen on the, 1888, 615 - discharge. J. P. Gassiot on the change of form and colour which the stratified discharge assumes when a varied resistance is introduced in the circuit of an extended series of the voltaic battery, 1865, 15 - induction-discharge in vacuum- tubes, J. P. Gassiot on the metallic deposit obtained from the, 1869, 46 - discharge from a Leyden jar, Dr. W. Feddersen on some peculiarities in the, 1874, 27 - discharge through colza oil, A. Mac- farlane on the, 1881, 556 - endosmose and other allied pheno¬ mena, the theory of, Prof. II. Lamb on, 1887, 495 - - energy , some applications of, to hor¬ ticultural and agricultural purposes, Dr. C. W. Siemens on, 1881, 474 - furnace, Dr. C. W. Siemens and Prof. A. K. Huntington on the, 1882, 496 - illumination, the amount of nitrous acid produced in, Prof. J. Dewar on, 1879, 317 - illumination of lighthouses, Dr. J. Hopkinson on, 1886, 81 1 - induction and conduction, O. J. Lodge on a mechanical illustration of, 1876, 42 - induction between wires and wires, W. H. Preece on, 1886, 546 - lamp, a portable, W. H. Preece on, 1886, 812 - lamps, incandescent vacuum, with GENERAL INDEX. 129 measured potentials and currents, Sir W. Thomson and J. T. Bottomley on the illuminating powers of, 1881, 559 Electric lamps, incandescent, a new re- liector for, Prof. F. Clowes on, 1 883, 447 - - - launches, A. Reckenzaun on, 1883, 650 ; J. Clark on, 652 - launches on the Thames, G. Forbes on, 1889, 741 - light, Dr. Miller on photographic spectra of the, 1861, 87 - - light, S. Highley on a cheap form of automatic regulator for the, 1864, 13, *191 - - light, an improved lantern for lec¬ ture demonstrations with, W. Ladd on, 1870, 26 * - light engineering, Dr. Fleming on, 1882, 667 * - light for lighthouses, the value of quadriform gaslights in comparison with the, J. R. Wigham on, 1881, 779 * - light, magneto-, Capt. Abney on, photometric measurements of the, 1876, 36 - — — light measurement, some apparatus for use in connection with, R. Sabine on, 1882, 667 - - light applied to night navigation upon the Suez Canal, R. P. Sellon on, 1888, 814 - light, the, precautions to be adopted when supplied by means of trans¬ formers, K. Hedges on, 1889, 740 - light, as a means of attracting marine animals, Prof. W. A. Herdman on the, 1889, 633 - lighting, tne present state of, J. N. Shoolbred on, 1878, 70 6 - lighting, advances in, J. N. Shool¬ bred on recent, 1879, 503 - lighting as applied to coal mines, A. Jamieson on, 1881, 778 ■ - lighting in America, Prof. G. Forbes on, 1888, 813 - lighting at Cannock Chase collieries, by A. Sopwith, 1886, 814 ■ - - lighting, distribution of electricity by transformers and alternate current machines for, C. H. W. Biggs and W. H. Snell on, 1887, 87S - lighting, domestic, W. H. Preece on, *1884, 893 ; 1885, 1197 - lighting, fire risks of, Iv. Hedges on, 1883, 663 * - lighting and fire insurance rules, W. Hartnell on, 1890, 958 - lighting at the Forth Bridge works , J. N. Shoolbred on, 1885, 879 - lighting and the law, Dr. L. Ed¬ munds on, 1885, 1195 - lighting, &c., underground con¬ ductors for, Prof. G. Forbes on, 1887, S75 ^Electric lights, incandescent, the rela¬ tive value of, J. N. Shoolbred on, 1881, 780 - machine, dynamo-magneto-, W. Ladd on a further development of the, 1868, 19 — — machines, Sir W. Thomson on, founded on induction and convection, 1867, 18 * - meter, a new, Sir W. Thomson on, 1890, 956 - meters, C. V. Boys on, 1882, 464 - motor phenomenon, W. M. Mordey on an, 1886, 544 * - organs in elasmobranch fishes, Prof. J. C. Ewart on the modifications of, 1889, 627 * - railway, the Portrush, Dr. A. Traill on, 1884, 893 - railways, recent progress in, Dr. J. A. Fleming on, 1882, 667 - resistance of the human body, Dr. W. H. Stone on Mance’s method for eliminating the effects of polarisation to determine the, 1885, 900 - resistance of hydrated salts, Dr. E. Wiedemann on the, 1887, 346 - - resistance balance constructed by Prof. W. Thomson, Fleeming Jenkin on an, 1864, 14 - resistance of magnetite. Prof. S. P. Thompson on the, 1886, 314 - resistance of metals at high tem¬ peratures, description of experiments for determining, by J. T. Bottomley, 1886, 548 - safety lamp for miners, J. W. Swan on an, 1885, 1 196 - - safety lamps, J. W. Swan on im¬ provements in, 1886, 496 - safety lamps for miners, N. Watts on, 1888, 816 - spark, J. Dewar on the temperature of the, 1872, 51 - time-signal at Port Elizabeth, S. A. Yarley on the, 1870, 27 * - torpedoes, 0. Rowland on, 1865, 191 t - tramway, the Blackpool, M. H .. Smith on, 1886, 810 - tramway, the Lineff, G. Kapp on, 1890, 956 - tramways, M. Holroyd Smith on„. 1883, 652 ; *1884, 893 Electrical action varies inversely as the square of the distance, the proof by Cavendish’s method that, Prof. J. H.. Poynting on, 1886, 523 * - apparatus, a screw-gauge for, W. H. Preece on, 1881, 779 - behaviour of semipermeable mem¬ branes, Prof. Ostwald on the, 1890, 331 . - capacity of a certain condenser, and! on the value of V, C. Hockin on the,. 1879, 285 K 130 GENERAL INDEX. Electrical contact maker, a new, Prof. H. S. H. Shaw on, 1882, 465 - contacts, reinforcing, so as to in¬ crease their reliability, E. W. Serrell, jun., on, 1887, 881 - discharge in vacuo, J. P. Gassiot on the deposit of metals from the negative terminal of an induction coil during the, 1861, 38 - distribution, demands of a system of, F. J, Sprague on the, 1882, 448 - distribution, a system of, H. Ed¬ munds on, 1888, 813 * - gyrostat, Prof. G. Forbes on an, 1879, 290 * - measuring instruments, compensa¬ tion of, for temperature errors, J. Swinburne on, 1887, 621 - - pressures, effect of direct and alter¬ nating on the human body, J. Swin¬ burne on the, 1890, 758 t - oscillations in air, J. Trowbridge on, 1890, 754 - phenomena which accompany the contractions of the leaf of Dioncea muscipula, Dr. J. Burdon Sanderson on the, 1873, 133 ; *1876, 163 - properties of bees’ wax and lead chloride, Profs. J. Perry and W. E. Ayrton on the, 1878, 497 * - resistance, R. T. Glazebrook on the permanence of the B.A. standards of, 1887, 608 - resistance of commercial iron, W. H. Preece on the specific, 1887, 609 * - - resistance, final value of the B.A. unit of, as determined by the American Committee, Prof. H. A. Rowland on the, 1887, 609 - - measurements , standards for use in, report of the Committee for construct¬ ing and issuing practical, 1881, 423 ; 1882, 70; 1883, 41; 1884, 29; 1885, 31; 1886, 145; 1887, 206; 1888, 55; 1889, 41 ; 1890, 95 Appendix to first report , 1881 : — I. Account of preliminary experiments on the determination of electrical resistances in absolute measiire, by Prof. G. Carey Foster , 426 II. On the causes of the variation in the temperature coefficient of the alloys of platinum and silver , by Herbert Taylor, 431 Appendix to the fourth report, 1884 : — I. On the values of the B.A. standards of resistance greater than 1 B.A . unit , by R. T. Glazebrook and H. M. Elder, 30 II. Table giving the values of the coils tested for the Committee in 1883-4, by R. T. Glazcbrooh, 32 Appendix to the sixth report, 1886 : — On the values of some standard resist¬ ance coils, by R. T. Glazebrooh and T. C. Fitzpatrick, 147 Appendix to the eighth report, 1888 : — On the permanence of the original standards of resistance of the British Association and of other standard coils , by R. T. Glazebrook and T. C. Fitzpatrick, 56 Appendix to the tenth report , 1890 : — I. On the values of certain standard resistance coils, by R. T. Glazebrook, 98 II. On the air condensers of the British Association, by R. T. Glazebrook ( with a note by Dr. A. Muirhead ), 102 III. On the specific resistance of copper, by T. C. Fitzpatrick, 120 IV. A comparison of a platinum ther¬ mometer with some mercury thermo¬ meters at low temperatures , by E. H. Griffiths, 130 V. On the absolute resistance of mer¬ cury, by R. T. Glazbrook, 136 Electrical quantity and resistance, Lati¬ mer Clarke and Sir C. Bright on the formation of standards of, 1861, 37 - resistance , report on standards of, 1862, 125 ; 1863, 111 ; 1864, 345 ; 1865, 308; 1867, 474; 1869, 434; 1870, 14 Appendix to the first report, 1862 : — A. On the variation of the electrical resistance of alloys due to change of temperature, by A. Matthiessen, 136 B. On the electrical permanency of metals and alloys, by A. Matthiessen, 139 C. On the reproduction of standards by chemical means, by Prof. A. W. Williamson and Dr. A. Matthiessen, 141 D. Professor G. Kirchhoff's letter, 150 E. Dr. Werner Siemens's letter, 152 F. Dr. Esselbach's letter, 155 G. Circular addressed to foreign men of science, 156 H. Description of the apparatus ar¬ ranged by Mr. Fleeming Jenkin for the production of exact copies of the standard of resistance, 159 Appendix to the second report, 1863 : — A. On the electrical permanency of metals and alloys, by Dr. A. Mat¬ thiessen, 124 B. On the variation of the electric re¬ sistance of alloys due to change of temperature, by Dr. A. Matthiessen, 127 C. On the elementary relations between electrical measurements, by Prof. J. GENERAL INDEX. 131 Clerk Maxwell and Mr. Fleeming Jenldn \ — (i.) Introductory, 130; (ii.) the measurement of magnetic 'pheno¬ mena, 132; (iii.) measurement of electric phenomena by their electro¬ magnetic effects, 136; (iv.) measure¬ ment of electric phenomena by stati¬ cal effects, 148; (v.) electrical mea¬ surements derived from the five ele¬ mentary measurements, 163 D. Description of an experimental measurement of resistance , made at King's College by Prof. J. C. Max¬ well and Messrs. Balfour Stewart and Fleeming Jenldn (i.) Method employed, 163 ; (ii.) description of the apparatus, 164; (iii.) mathe¬ matical theory of the experiment, 168 ; (iv.) details of the experiments, 171 Appendix to the third report, 1864:— A. Description of a further experi¬ mental measurement of electrical re¬ sistance made at King's College by Prof. J. C. Maxwell, Mr. Fleeming Jenldn, and Mr. Charles Hocldn, 350 B. On the electrical permanency of metals and alloys, by Dr. A. Mat- tliiessen, 351 C. On the reproduction of electrical standards by chemical means, by Dr. A. Mattldessen and C. Hocldn, 352 Appendix to the fourth report, 1865 : — On the construction of the British Association unit, by Dr. A. Mat - tliiessen and Mr. Charles Hocldn, 3 1 1 Appendix to the fifth report, 1867 : — I. On a resistance-measurer , by C. W. Siemens, 479 II. On a modification of Siemens's re¬ sistance measurer, by F. Jenldn , 481 III. Comparison of the British Associa¬ tion units to be deposited at Kew Observatory , by C. Hocldn , 483 IV. Experiments on capacity, by F. Jenkin, 483 V. Beport on electrometers and electro¬ static measurements, by Sir Win. Thomson , 489 VI. Determination of the dynamical equivalent of heat from the thermal effects of electric currents, by J. P. Joule, 512 Appendix to the sixth report, 1869 : — I. Description of Sir W. Thomson's experiments made for the determina¬ tion of V, the number of electrostatic units in the electro -magnetic unit, by W. F. King, 434 II. Experiments on the value of V, the ratio of the electro -magnetic to the electrostatic unit of electricity, by J. Clcrli Maxwell, 436 Electrical resistance, results of a compari¬ son of the British Association units of, by G. Clirystal and S. A. Saunder, 1876, 13 - on the permanence of the original standards of resistance of the British Association and of other standard coils, by It. T. Glazebroolt and T. C. Fitz¬ patrick, 1888, 56 * - resistance and electrification of some insulating materials under pressures up to 300 atmospheres, C. W. Siemens on, 1863, 688 - resistance, C. F. Varley on a new method of testing, 1866, 14 - resistance pyrometer , Siemens, report of the committee on, 1872, 134 * - resistance, standards of, R. T. Glazebrook on, 1888, 616 * — — resistance of the human body, Dr. W. H. Stone on the, 1883, 544 - resistances, R. Sabine on a new method, introduced by Messrs. Siemens, for the measurement of, 1865, 16 - resistances in absolute measure , ac¬ count of preliminary experiments on the determination of, by Prof. G. C. Foster, 1881, 426 - resistances, T. T. P. Bruce Warren on the, of fixed and volatile oiis, 1867, 47 - signals on land-lines, Fleeming Jenkin on the retardation of, 1864, 13 - storage of power, Prof. E. Frank- land on the chemical aspect of the, 1884, 673 * - tensions, Latimer Clark on, 1862, 195 - theories, report on, by Prof. J. J. Thomson, 1885,9 7 \ Ampere's, 98; Grass- rnann's, 100; Stefans, 103; Korteweg's , 105; Gauss', 108; W. E. Weber's, ib.; Biemann's, 109; Clausius' , ib.; F. E. Neumann's , 114; G. Neumann's, 122; Maxwell's, 125; v. Helmholtz's, 133; the experimental evidence as to the truth of the various theories, 142 ; Schiller's experiments , 144 - traction, series (Northfleet tram¬ ways), E. Manville on, 1889, 742 * — — units, discussion on, 1890, 732 * - work, underground, in America, F. Brewer on, 1887. 882 Electricity, an analogy between heat and. Prof. G. F. FitzGerald on, 1884, 652 - analogue of static, Prof. W. M. Hicks on a vortex, 1888, 577 - atmospheric, Dr. J. D. Everett on the results of observations of, at Kew Observatory and Windsor, Nova Scotia, 1867, 20 K 2 132 GENERAL INDEX. Electricity , atmospheric , at Madeira , report on , 1879, 63 - atmospheric, Prof. C. M. Smith on, 1885, 899 - atmospheric, observations of, by Prof. L. Weber, 1887, 592 - conduction of, A. J. C. Allen on some problems in the, 1879, 261 - conduction of, through gases, Prof. A. Schuster on, 1887, 580; 1889, 740 * — — contact, Sir W. Thomson on, 1876, 45 - - - contact, a method of measuring, Prof. Sir W. Thomson on, 1880, 494 - contact, in common air, vacuum, and different gases, J. T. Bottomley on, 1885, 901 - - crystallisation of metals by, P. Braham on the, 1871, 67 ; *1875, 39 * - development of, from the rays of the sun and other sources of light, H. Keevil on the, 186-4, 14 * - the discharge of, through gases, the influence of magnetism on, Prof. A. Schuster on, 1884, 633 - discharge of , the influence of the silent, on oxygen and other qases, report on, 1886, 213 ; 1887, 42 ; 1889, 54 ; 1890, Q - on distributing, by transformers, by C. Zipernowsky, 1886, 816 -j- - the distribution of, from accumu¬ lators, by Major-Gen. Webber, 1889, 740 * - elementary facts in, Prof. G. C. Foster on the mode of stating some, 1877, 34 - helpfulness of chemical affinity, heat, and, in producing the decompo¬ sition of water, Dr. J. H. Gladstone and A. Tribe on the mutual, 1872, 75 - - illumination of beacons and buoys by, conveyed through submarine wires connected with the shore, T. Stevenson on the, 1867, 14 - - - lecture experiments in, Prof. G. C. Foster on some, 1869, 46 - localisation of a bullet in a wound by, W. H. Preece on, 1881, 531 f - - the measurement of, in a house-to- house supply, W. Lowrie on, 1888, 814 - mechanical theory and application of the laws of magnetic induction and, J. B. Thompson on the, 1864, 15 - as applied to mining, F. Brain on, 1888, 815 - in relation to physiology, W. K. Bridgman on, 1869, 119 * - surfaces charged with, Prof. Lord Rayleigh on the equilibrium of liquid¬ conducting, 1882, 447 - the theory of, W. G. L. Russell on, 1861, 9 - the transference of, within a homo¬ geneous solid conductor, Prof. Sir W. Thomson on, 1888, 570 ^Electricity, the transmission of power by, J. X. Shoolbred on, 1881, 779 - to the working of a 20-ton travel¬ ling crane, W. Anderson on the appli¬ cation of, 1888, 808 Electrification, T. T. P. Bruce Warren on. 1869, 47 - of air by combustion, by M. Maclean and M. Goto, 1889, 506 - the discharge of, by flames, A. J/. Worthington on, 1889, 225 Electro-calorimetry, a null method inr by Prof. W. Stroud and W. W. H. Geer 1887, 581 ; 1888, 565 Electro-centrifugal machine, a, for la¬ boratory use, A. Watt on, 1885, 991 Electro-chemical decomposition of oils and other non-conducting liquids, W. Symons on a new method for the, 1874. 3i * - solution of metals, Prof. S. P. Thompson on a phenomenon in the, 1889, 512 - thermodynamics, Prof. J. Willard Gibbs on, 1886, 388 ; 1888, 343 Electro-chemistry and electrolysis, report on the present state of our knowledge in, by IF. N. Shaw, *1889, 510; 1890, 185; *Electro-deposition of alloys, Prof. S. P. Thompson on the, 1887, 590 - — - of copper and brass, W. H. Walenn on the, 1870, 67 - — - of iron, H. M. Jacobi on the, 1869, 67 * - of platinum, the industrial, Prof. S. P. Thompson on, 1887, 590 Electrodes, sur la polarisation des, et sur la conductibilite des liquides, E. Bouty, 1886, 348 - small, the polarisation of, in dilute- sulphuric acid, Dr. F. Richarz on, 1888r 350 Electro-dynamometer, an, with extremely light-moving coil, for the measurement of small alternating currents, Dr. W. H. Stone on, 1884, 654 '•'Electro- ergometer, Prof. Sir Wm. Thom¬ son on an, 1881, 554 Electrolysis, Prof . 0. J. Lodge on, lS85r 723 - - in its physical and chemical bearings, report on, 1886, 308 1887, 336; 1S88,. 339 ; 1889, 223 ; 1890, 138 Contents of the first report, 1886 : — f On silver and copper voltameters, by Thomas Gray, 308 f On electrolytic conduction and residual affinity, by Prof . H. E. Armstrong, 308 | On ozone formed in electrolysis , by Prof. H. McLeod, 308 On Ohm's law in bad conductors, by Prof. J. J. Thomson, 308 GENERAL INDEX. 133 On continuity of electric conduction , by Dr. John Hopliinson (with a note by Prof. 0. Lodge), 309 On diathermancy and electrolytic con¬ ductivity, by Shelf or d Bidrvell, 309 Letters on electrolysis by Dr. S. Arrhe¬ nius, 310 On the accuracy of Ohm's law in elec¬ trolytes, by Prof. G. F. FitzGerald and F. T. Trouton, 312 On the electric resistance of magnetite , by Prof. S. P. Thompson , 314 i On the conductivity of mixtures of aqueous acid solutions, by Dr. S. Arrhenius , 315 On the verification of Faraday's law of electrolysis with reference to silver and. copper, by W. JY. Shaw, 318 On the application of alternating cur¬ rents to the determination of the conductivity of electrolytes , by T. C. Fitzpatrick, 328 On the conductivity of electrolytes, by Prof. F. Kohlrauscli ( abstract by F. F. J. Love), 334 ; addenda by Prof. O. Lodge, 337 Criticism of Prof. F. Kohlrauscli s memoir, by E. Bouty , 339 Reply to M. Bouty's criticism, by Prof. Kohlrauscli, 341 On the action of fluidity on the con¬ ductivity of electrolytes , behaviour of jelly , by Dr. S. Arrhenius (translated by Prof. W. Ramsay ), 344 On the polarisation of electrodes and the conductivity of liquids, by E. Bouty (abstract by Prof. 0. Lodge j, 348 On the conductivity of very dilute solu¬ tions of salts, by E. Bouty ( abstract by Prof. O. Lodge), 350 On the employment of alternating cur¬ rents for measuring liquid resistances, by MM. Bouty and Foussereau , 356 On mechanical and thermal effects ac¬ companying electrolysis, by E. Bouty ( abstract by Prof. 0. Lodge), 357 On the conductivity of extremely dilute aqueous solutions , by Dr. S. Ar¬ rhenius (analysis by Prof. 0. Lodge), 357 On a chemical theory of electrolytes, by Dr. S. Arrhenius (abstract and re¬ marks by Prof. Oliver Lodge), 362 Letter from Dr. Arrhenius on Prof. Lodge's criticism . 384 Letter from Dr. Arrhenius on viscosity and conductivity , 387 On electro-chemical thermodynamics, by Prof. J. Willard Gibbs (note by Prof. O. Lodge), 388 On the m igration of ions and on experi¬ mental determination of absolute ionic velocity, by Prof. 0. Lodge, 389 Contents of the second report, 1887: — Report, 336 Experiments on the possible electrolytic decomposition of certain alloys, by Prof. W. C. Roberts- Austen, 341 On the action of an electric current in hastening the formation of lagging compounds, by Dr. J. II. Gladstone, 344 On Ohm's law in electrolytes, by Prof. G. F. FitzGerald and F. Trouton , 345 On the resistance of hydrated salts, by Dr. E. Wiedemann, 346 On some points in electrolysis and. electro-convection, by Prof. G. Wiede¬ mann, 347 Comparison between the views of Dr. Arrhenius and. Prof. H. E. Arm¬ strong on electrolysis, by Prof. O. J. Lodge, 351 Reply to Prof. 0. J. Lodge's criticisms, by Prof. II. E. Armstrong, 354 | Further researches concerning the elec¬ trolysis of water, by Prof, von Helm¬ holtz, 357 * On chemical action in a magnetic field, by Prof. II. A. Rowland, 357 * Experiments on the speed of ions, by Prof. 0. J. Lodge, 357 f On the action of the solvent in electro¬ lytic conduction, by T. C. Fitzpatrick t 357 f On electrolysis and electrolytic polari¬ sation, by W. W. Haldane Gee, II. Holden, and C. II. Lees, 357 f On the electrolysis of a solution of amnionic sulphate, by Prof. 11. McLeod, 358 * On the electro-deposition of alloys and on the industrial deposition of platinum , by Prof. S. P. Thompson, 35* Contents of the third report, 1888: — Report, 339 On the accuracy of Ohm's law in electro¬ lytes, by Prof. G. F. Fitz Gerald and F. Trouton, 341 Is the velocity of light in an electrolytic liquid infiuenced by an electric cur¬ rent, in the direction of propagation / by Lord Rayleigh, 341 Electro-chemical thermodynamics, by Prof. J. Willard Gibbs, 343 Authorship of the electrolytic theory called Williamson- Clausius, by R. Clausius , 346 On the conduction of alloys and solid sulphides, by Dr. J. II. Gladstone and W. Hilbert, 347 On the electrolysis of thallium trisul¬ phide, by Dr. J. H. Gladstone and W. Hibbert, 349 On the polarisation of small electrodes 134 GENERAL INDEX. in dilute sulphuric acid , by Franz Richarz, 350 Iteply to Prof. H. F. Armstrong's criticisms regarding the dissociation theory of electrolysis , by Ur. Svante Arrhenius, 352 Remarks on this reply , by Prof. H. E. Armstrong , 355 On the existing uncertainty of our con¬ ceptions of the fundamental pheno¬ mena of electrolysis, by Prof. II. E. Armstrong, 356 On Prof. J. J. Thomson's views on elec¬ trolytic and metallic conduction, by Prof. Oliver Lodge , 357 On the theoretical determination of E.M.F., by Prof. 0. J. Lodge, 359 Some criticism of Prof. TV. Gibbs's paper on electro-chemical thermo¬ dynamics, by Prof. 0. J. Lodge, 360 Contents of the fourth report , 1889 : — Report, 223 Remarks on papers on electrolysis pub¬ lished during the past year, by Prof. H. E. Armstrong , 224 Appendix, on the discharge of electrifi¬ cation by fiames, by A. M. Worthing¬ ton, 225 Contents of the fifth report, 1890 : — On the relation between viscosity and conductivity of electrolytes , by W. N. Shaw, 138 Electrolytic separation of metal at the free surface of a salt in solution, by Dr. J. Gubkin, 138 The verification, of Ohm's law devised by Prof. J. C. Maxwell and carried out by G. Chrystal, 14 1 Short abstract of Prof. J. J. Thomson's paper on the theory of vacuum-tube discharges, 142 On electrolytic theories, by Prof. G. F. FitzGerald, 142 Electrolysis and electro-chemistry, report on the present state of our knowledge in, byW. N. Shaw, *1889, 510; 1890. 185 Part I. General electrolytic pheno¬ mena, 1890, 187 Part II. Laws and principles generally accepted, 1890, 189 Part III. (§ a) What is an electrolyte ? 1890, 195 ; (§ b) What are the ions in any electrolytic decomposition? 201 ; (§ c) The Williamson- Clausius hy¬ pothesis, 209 • - and electro-convection, Prof. G. Wiedemann on some points in, 1887, 347 • - and electrolytic polarisation, ex¬ periments on, by W. W. H. Gee, H. Holden, and C. H. Lees, 1887, 589 - - Faraday's law of, with reference to silver and copper, W. JY. Shaw on the verification of, 1886, 318 Electrolysis of gases, Prof. A. Schuster on the, 1885, 977 - - Helmholtz’s views on, Prof. Schuster on, 1885, 977 - mechanical and thermal effects ac¬ companying, M. Bouty on, 1886, 357 - - membranes in, Prof. W. Ostwald on the action of semipermeable, 1890, 746 - motions produced by dilute acids on amalgam surfaces probably by, R. Sabine on, 1878, 435 f - ozone formed in, Prof. McLeod on, 1886, 30S - - the purification of sewage and wrater contaminated with organic matter by, by W. Webster, 1889, 745 - - - in secondary batteries of dilute sul¬ phuric acid, by Dr. J. H. Gladstone and A. Tribe, 1883, 464 - of silver and copper, the, and its application to the standardising of electric-current and potential meters, T. Gray on, 1886, 308, 524 * - of a solution of ammonic sulphate. Prof. McLeod on the, 1887, 621 - - of water, C. J. Woodward on a modification of Hofmann’s apparatus for, 1872, 87 * - of water, further researches con¬ cerning the, by Prof, von Helmholtz, 1887, 589 - — - in the mouth, Dr. W. Kenceley Bridgman on, 1868, 112 Electrolyte decomposition of an, by mag¬ neto-electric induction, J. A. Fleming- on the, 1875, 28 - in dusserst verdunnter wdsseriger Losung, Prof. F. Kohlra-usch iiber das Leitungsvermogen einiger, 1886, 334 Electrolytes, sur la conductibilite gal- vanique des, recherches, par S. Arrhe¬ nius, 1886, 357 - tlieorie chimique des, par Dr. S. Arrhenius, 1886, 362 - the conductivity of, contribution to our knowledge of the action of fluidity on, by Dr. S. Arrhenius, 1886, 344 - the conductivity of, T. C. Fitzpatrick on the application of alternating cur¬ rents to the determination of, 1886, 328 - Ohm's law in, Prof. G. F. Fitz Gerald and F. Trouton on the accuracy of, 1886, 312; 1887, 345 5 1888,341 ^Electrolytic conduction, the action of the solvent in, T. C. Fitzpatrick on, 1887, 590 * - conductivity , diathermancy and, S. Bidwell on, 1886, 309 - decomposition , experiments on the possible, of certain alloys, by Prof. W. C. Roberts- Austen, 1887, 341 - experiments on some metallic chlo- GENERAL INDEX. 135 rides, by Prof. Gladstone and A. Tribe, 1874, 58 Electrolytic separation of metal at the free surface of a salt in solution , Dr. J. Gubkin on, 1890, 138 Electro-magnetic action of moving elec¬ tricity, Maxwell’s equations for the, Prof. G. F. FitzGerald on, 1883, 404 - anemometer, a new, and the mode of using it in registering the velocity and pressure of the wind, J. J. Hall on, 1870, 35 - - disturbances of comparatively short wave-lengths, a method of producing, Prof. G. F. FitzGerald on, 1883, 405 f - experiment, Hon. J. W. Strutt on an, 1869, 46 - forces, kinetic stability of equili¬ brium with, Prof. G. F. FitzGerald on a, 1890, 753 *- - - gyroscope, W. de Fonvielle on an, 1880, 500 - - induction of incomplete circuits, a simple hypothesis for, with consequent equations of electric motion in fixed homogeneous or heterogeneous solid matter, Prof. Sir W. Thomson on, 1888, 567 - instead of electrostatic, induction in cable-signalling, G. R. Winter on the use of, 1872, 52 - unit, a new determination of the number of electrostatic units in the, by Profs. W. E. Ayrton and J. Perry, 1878, 487 - unit, the number of electrostatic units in the, R. Shida on, 1880, 497 * - units of resistance and of electro¬ motive force, suggestions for a redeter¬ mination of the absolute, by Prof. G. C. Foster, 1874, 30 * - waves, a modification of Max¬ well’s equations of, Prof. H. A. Row¬ land on, 1888, 617 - waves, measurement of the length of, Prof. O. J. Lodge on the, 1888, 56 7 Electro-magnetism, mechanical power of, James Croll on the, 1862, 24 *Electro-magnets, sparkless, Prof. S. P. Thompson on, 1889, 515 Electro-metallurgy, dynamos for, Prof. G. Forbes on, 1886, 815 Electrometer at Kew, Prof. W. Thomson on the result of reductions of curves obtained from the self-recording, 1863, 2 7 * - a new absolute, Prof. Sir W. Thom¬ son on, 1870, 26 - - the absolute sine, Prof. G. M. Minchin on, 1881, 558 * - Prof. J. Dewar on a new form of, 1876, 42 * - a new form of trapdoor, Prof. W. F. Barrett on, 1878, 495 Electrometer, a new, J. Brown on, and some preliminary experiments on vol¬ taic action, 1881, 562 * - key, a new, Dr. O. J. Lodge on, 1879, 258 — — work, report of the committee on devising and constructing an improved form of high insulation key for , 1880, 29 Electrometers and electrostatic measure¬ ments, report on, bu Sir W. Thomson, 1867, 489 - Sir W. Thomson on a series of, for comparative measurements through great range, 1867, 16 ^Electrometric determination of Y, by Profs. Sir W. Thomson, Ayrton, and Perry, 1888, 616 Electromotive engine, G. M. Guy on, 1862, 2 7 - engine, VV. Ladd on an, 1863, 19 - force of a single cell, Prof. Sir W. Thomson on the application of the cen ti-ampere or the deci-ampere balance for the measurement of the, 1887, 610 - force produced by an abrupt varia¬ tion of temperature at the point of contact of two portions of the same metal, Prof. H. Stroud on the, 1889, 504 - forces, the seat of the, in the voltaic cell, Prof. O. J. Lodge on, 1884, 464 Electro-motors, improvements in, T. Wiesendanger on, 1880, 501 Electro-optic action of a charged Frank¬ lin’s plate, Dr. J. Kerr on, 1885, 930 Electro-optics, report on researches on, 1890, 144 Electro registering apparatus, a new form of, D. Lane on, 1878, 454 Electrostatic accumulator, Sir W. Thom¬ son on a self-acting (water-dropping), 1867, 16 - action of a moving or varying charge, the failure of metal sheets to screen off the, Prof. O. J. Lodge on, 1889, 510 - forces, the, between conductors and other matters in connection with elec¬ tric radiation, Prof. O. J. Lodge on, 1890, 754 - units in the electro-magnetic unit, a new determination of the number of, by Profs. W. E. Ayrton and J. Perry, 1878, 487 - units, the number of, in the electro¬ magnetic unit, R. Shida on, 1880, 497 Elementary bodies, R. Schenk on the amount of heat required to raise, from absolute zero to their state of fusion, 1872, 82 - Education Bill, the, and Mechanics’ Institutions, E. Renals on, 1870, 200 ^Elements, the constitution of the, Prof. J. Dewar on, 1884, 672 * - decomposition of the, Prof. J. Dewar on the alleged, 1881, 589 136 GENERAL INDEX. ^Elements, some probable new, A. Pringle on, 1886, 577 ^Elephant, Dr. M. Watson on the ana¬ tomy of the thoracic viscera of the, 1871, 144 - bed at Freshwater Gate, Prof. J. Prestwich on the, 1882, 529 - and other mammalian remains in Oxfordshire, G. E. Roberts on the dis¬ covery of, 1863, 87 - Indian, Dr. Cobbold on flukes from the, 1868, 1 13 •j- - Indian, Dr. M. Watson on the ana¬ tomy and physiology of the, 1873, 134 - remains, J. E. Taylor on the occur¬ rence of, in the basement beds of the Red Crag, 1873, 91 - vertebras of the, Prof. Struthers on the development of the, 1885, 1103 ^Elephants, existing Asiatic, the asserted plurality of species of, Dr. Falconer on, 1862, 195 * - newly-discovered species of, Dr. Leith Adams on, 1870, 69 - report by A. Leith Adams on Maltese fossil, 1865, 257 ; 1866, 458; 1873, 185 Elevation and depression of the Green¬ land coast, Robert Brown on the, 1869, 85 - and subsidence of land, J. S. Gard¬ ner on the cause of, 1882, 541 Elgin, the flora of, J. Mackenzie on, 1885, 1087 - sandstones, J. G. Phillips on the, 1885, 1023 *Elias (Ney) on trade-routes through Mongolia and Zungaria, 1873, 169 Elk found in Berwickshire, Dr. J. A. Smith exhibited the skull of an, 1871, 134 Ellington (E. B.) on the supply of hy¬ draulic power, 1883, 646 *Elliot (Sir C.) on a recent earthquake at St. Helena, 1864, 143 - (Sir Walter) on a proposed ethno¬ logical congress at Calcutta, 1866, 109 - on the sepulchral remains of Southern India, 1868, 134 - on the habits of the Indian rock- snake ( Python molurus ), 1870, 1 15 - on the advantage of systematic co¬ operation among provincial Natural History Societies, so as to make their observations available to naturalists generally, 1871, 124 - on the primitive weapons of ancient India, 1872, 180 — — on the preparation of brief forms of instructions for travellers, ethnologists , 340 Errors of the argument of statistical tables, J. Kleiber on the, 1888, 618 -*Erskine’s discovery of the mouth of the Limpopo, Dr. R. J. Mann on, 1869, 164 Eruption in the island of Vulcano, Drs. X. Anderson and H. J. Johnston-Lavis on the late, 1888, 664 Erysimum orientale , Prof. T. C. Archer on the occurrence of, under peculiar circumstances at Edinburgh, 1868, 88 * Enytlirina lithosperma, the biology of, M. C. Potter on, 1889, 648 Eschar a , C. W. Peach on a new, from Cornwall, 1868, 109 Esher,’ Dr. R. Chambers on an, at St. Fort, 1867, 58 Eskimo, the range of the, in space and time, Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins on, 1884, 898 - relics, exhibition of photographs of, by Lieut. A. W. Greely, 1884, 919 * - Dr. Rae on the, 1865, 191 * - Yice-Aclm. Sir Edward Belcher on stone implements of the, 1866, 94 * - considered in their relationship to man’s antiquity, VV. S. Hall on the, 1869, 135 * - Dr. F. Nansen on the, 1889, 788 Esparto fibre, or Spanish grass, Dr. Stevenson Macadam on, and its employment in the manufacture of paper, 1865, 33 Esselbach (Dr. Ernest) on standards of electrical resistance , 1862, 13s; 1863, hi ; 1864, 345 - on the duration of fluorescence, 1862, 22 ; on electric cables, with reference to observations on the Malta- Alexandria telegraph, 26; on an ex¬ perimental determination of the abso¬ lute quantity of electric charge on condensers, 27 Essential oil of orange-peel, Dr. Wright and C. H. Piesse on the oxidation pro¬ ducts of, 1871 , 83 - oils, Dr. J. E. De Vrij on the rota¬ tory power of several, 1865, 40 - - oils, report on the chemical constitu¬ tion and optical properties of, Dr. Gladstone's report , 1872, 31 1; Dr. Wright's report, 313; 1873,214; 1874,17 - - oils, C. T. Kingzetton the oxidation of the, 1875, 43 * - oils, the : a study in optical chemistry, by Dr. J. H. Gladstone, 1886, 599 Esson (W.) on the curvature of the margins of leaves with reference to their growth, 1862, 3 Estuaries, certain lams relating to the regime of rivers and, Prof. 0. Reynolds on, and on the possibility of experiments on a small scale, 1887, 555 Estuaries, the action of waves and currents on the beds and foreshores of, report on the investigation of, by means of m orb¬ ing models, 1889, 327 ; 1890, 512 Estuary, physical studies of an ancient, by Rev. A. Irving, 1890, 818 - water, the chemistry of, Dr. PI. R. Mill on, 1886, 598 *Ether, wave disturbances in the, G. F. FitzGerald on the possibility of ori¬ ginating, by electro-magnetic forces, 1880, 497 * - in connection with Maxwell’s theory of electricity, Dr. 0. J. Lodge on a hypothesis concerning the, 1879, 258 * - exhibition of a mechanical model illustrating some properties of the, by G. F. FitzGerald, 1885, 930 — — the luminiferous, the constitution of, on the vortex atom theory, Prof. W. M. Hicks on, 1885, 930 - on the resistance of the, to the comets and planets, and on the rota¬ tion of the latter, J. S. Stuart Glennie on, 1861, 13 * - the relation of the, to space, Dr. G. J. Stoney on, 1889, 504 - see ‘ iEther ’ *Etheridge (R.) on the occurrence of a large deposit of terra-cotta clay at Watcombe, Torquay, 1869, 87 — — on the structure and classification of the fossil Crustacea, 1871, 53; 1872, 321 ; 1873, 304 - - on the Kentish boring exploration, 1878, 380 - Address to the Geological Section, 1882, 502 - on the earthquake phenomena of Japan , 1883, 211; 1884, 241; 1885, 362 ; 1886, 413 ; 1887, 212 ; 1888, 422 ; 1889, 295 ; 1890, 160 - on the fossil Phyllopoda of the Paler - ozoic rocks, 1883, 215 ; 1884, 75 ; 1885, 326; 1886,229; 1887, 60; 1888, 173; 1889, 63; 1890, 424 - on the 1 Manure ' gravels of Wexford, 1887,209; 1888, 133; 1889, 92 ; 1890, 410 - - on the best method for the registra¬ tion of all type specimens of fossils in the British Isles, 1890, 339 * - and Dr. H. Woodward, exhibition of some organisms met with in the clay-ironstone nodules of the Coal Measures in the neighbourhood of Dudley, 1886, 62S - (R., jun.) on the 1 Geological Re¬ cord,' 1880, 87 - and Henry Woodward on some specimens of Dithyrocaris from the GENERAL INDEX. 141 Carboniferous Limestone series, East Kilbride, and from the Old Red Sand¬ stone (?) of Lanarkshire, with notes on their geological position, &c., 1873, 92 Etherification, J. Alfred Wanklyn on a curious example of, 1864, 44 Ethers, methods of analysing the, J. A. Wanklyn on some new, 1872, 85 - researches on the, by Prof. J. A. Wanklyn, 1868, 46 Etherspheres as a vera causa of natural philosophy, Rev. S. Earnshawon, 1879, 248 Ethiopian and so-called Indian fauna, W. T. Blanford on the fauna of British India and its relat ions to the, 1869, 107 Ethnic psychology, R. Dunn on, 1873, 143 * - type of the inhabitants of the Evolena valley in Switzerland, note on the, by Mrs. Knight, 1887, 914 EthnocUmatology , or the acclimatisation of man, Dr. James Hunt on, 1861, 129 Ethnographic types in Egypt, 1887, re¬ marks on Mr. Flinders Petrie's collec¬ tion of, by Rev. H. G. Tomkins, 1887, 450 ^Ethnographical casts, Hermann Schla- gintweit on, 1867, 146 * - inquiries, Prof. Rolleston on the applicability of historical evidence to, 1875, 178 Ethnography, ancient, H. H. Howorth on some changes of surface affecting, 1867, 11 7 - Mrs. Lynn Linton on the, of the French Exhibition as represented by national arts, 1867, 1 1 7 - of Scotland, Rev. J. Earle on the, 1875, 172 * - of the Cimbri, Rev. Canon Raw- linson on the, 1875, 178 Ethnological and Anthropological De¬ partment, Liverpool, Address by Dr. J. Evans to the, 1870, 231 - congress at Calcutta, Sir Walter Elliott on a proposed, 1866, 109 - hints afforded by the stimulants of the ancient and modern savages, Miss A. W. Buckland on, 1877, 1 1 5 - interest, some objects of, collected in India and its islands, V. Ball on, 1878, 588 - — — migrations, modern, in the British Isles, Dr. Beddoe on, 1874, 145 - significance of the beech, the, by Rev. Canon I. Taylor, 1889, 782 Ethnology of British Columbia, H. Hale on the, 1888, 801 ; 1890, 553 - J. Crawfurd on cannibalism in re¬ lation to, 1865, 1 18 - Celtic, Henry H. Howorth on some new facts in, 1866, 111 - of Ceylon, Mutu Coomara Swamy on the, 1863, 146 Ethnology of Cornwall, West, Rev. W. S. Lach-Szyrma on the, 1877, 121 - of Finnmark, L. Daa on the, 1 861 r 193 * - of Formosa, the, by R. Swinhoe. 1863, 192 - and geology, H. H. Howorth on a frontier of, 1869, 135 - Rev. F. W. Farrar on language and, 1865, 120 - migration of cultivated plants with reference to, John Crawfurd on the, 1866, 107 * - migration of sacchariferous or sugar-yielding plants in reference to, John Crawfurd on the history and, 1867, 114 - of the North-Western Tribes of Canada,, report on the , 1885, 696 ; 1886, 285; 1887,173; 1888, 233 ; 1889, 797 ^ 1890, 553 - - and physical geography, John Craw¬ furd on the connection between, 1861, 177 * - principles of, T. S. Prideaux on the, 1864, 147 - the study of, in India, II. H. Risley on the, 1889, 785 Ethyl, Dr. B. W. Richardson on the physiological action of certain com¬ pounds of , 1866, 172; 1870, 165 - formiate of, W. Dittmar on the vapour-tension of, and acetate of me¬ thyl, 1868, 36 Ethylacetonamine, F. Guthrie on, 1868, 3S Ethylaniline and dimethylaniline, Dr. H. E. Armstrong on the action of sul¬ phuric acid on, 1873, 62 Ethyl-bromobutyrate, F. Clowes on the action of, upon ethyl-sodaceto-acetate, 1875, 39 Ethylidene, chloride of, Dr. Maxwell Simpson on the formation of succinie acid from, 1867, 42 *Etna, Prof. Ansted on a salse or mud volcano on the flanks of, commencing to erupt in the month of January last, 1866, 50 - the occurrence of leucite at, Dr. H. J. Johnston-Lavis on, 1888, 669 Etiuscan, Hyde Clarke on Circassian and. 1874, 147 Etruscans, Pelasgians, and Iberians : their relations to the founders of the Chaldean and Egyptian civilisations, by J. S. S. Glennie, 1888, 857 Eucommia ulmoides (Oliv.), a curious cell-content in, F. E. Weiss on, 1890, 854 Eudrilus, the development of the ovum in, F. E. Beddard on, 1887, 771 Euler’s constant to 260 places of deci¬ mals, the value of, Prof. J. C. Adams on, 1877, 14 142 GENERAL INDEX. Euphoberia, H. Woodward on the dis¬ covery of a large Myriapod of the genus, in the Coal Measures of Kil- maurs, 1869, 103 *Euphorbiaceae, Dr. Muller on, 1864, 87 Euphrates Yallev railway, Commander V. L. Cameron on the, *1879, 440 ; J. B. Fell on the, 1883, 632 - Valley route to India, W. P. An¬ drews on the, 1872, 203 ^Europe, the geological changes which have occurred since the first traces of man in, Prof. P. M. Duncan on, 1870, 149 - Mollusca of, compared writh those of Eastern North America, J. G-. Jef¬ freys on the, 1872, 137 - North-west, A. G. Findlay on the supposed influence of the Gulf-stream upon the climate of, 1869, 160 European origin of early Egyptian art, Rev. J. Wilson on the hypothesis of a, 1889, 778 *- ■ - races, the anthropoid and mute origin of the, versus the theory of migration from an external source. Rev. D. J. Heath on, 1865, 191 - South, plants, Prof. Hennessy on the possible introduction of, in the west and south of Ireland, 1868, 98 Europeans, can they become acclimatised in tropical Africa? by Dr. R. W. Felkin, 1886, 729 Eurypteridae, Henry Woodward on the family of, with descriptions of some new genera and species, 1864, 73 Eurypterus , a new species of, from the Low’er Carboniferous shales, Eskdale, Scotland, Dr. H. Woodward on, 1887, 696 Eustachian tube in man, J. Toynbee on the action of the, 1861, 176 - tube, is the, open or shut in swal¬ lowing? b}7- Prof. Cleland, 1868, 113 Evans (A. J.), the flint-knappers’ art in Albania, 1885, 1216 - (A. T.), the fossiliferous Bunter pebbles contained in the Drift at Mose¬ ley, &c., 1886, 627 - (F. J. 0.) on the lines of equal mag¬ netic declination , 1861, 273 - on the effect produced on the devia¬ tion of the compass by the length and arrangement of the compass needles ; and on a new mode of correcting the quadrantal deviation, 1861, 45 ; re¬ marks on H.M.S. ‘Warrior’s’ compasses, ih. - report on the three reports of the Liverpool compass committee and other recent publications on the same subject , 1862, 87 - Address to the Geographical Sec¬ tion, 1876, 169 *Evans [Capt. Sir F. J. 0.] on oceanic or maritime discovery, exploration, and research, 1881, 742 - on the erosion of the sea-coasts of England and Wales, 1884, 238; 1885, 404 - on comparing and reducing magnetic observations , 1885, 65 * - and Sir W. Thomson on the tides of Port Louis, Mauritius, and Fre¬ mantle, Australia, 1877, 40 - and Sir W. Thomson on the tides of the southern hemisphere and of the Mediterranean, 1878, 477 - - - (John) on the exploration of Kent's Cavern , Devonshire , 1865, 16; 1866, 1; 1867, 24; 1868, 45; 1869, 189; 1870, 16; 1871, 1; 1872, 28; 1873, 198: 1874, 1; 1875, 1; 1876, 1; 1877, i: 1878, 124 ; 1879, 140 ; 1880, 62 - on the worked flints of Pressigny le Grand, 1865, 120 - - Address to the Department of Ethnology and Anthropology, 1870, 231 - - on the alphabet and its origin, 1872, 181 - on a new code of international symbols for use on prehistoric maps, 1875, 173 - on some Palaeolithic implements found in the Axe Valley, 1877, 116 - on the examination of two caves near Tenby , 1878, 209 - Address to the Geological Section. 1878, 519; on some fossils from the Northampton Sands, 534 - on the exploration of certain caves in Borneo , 1879, 149 - on the ‘ Geological Record' 1880, 87 ; on the exploration of the caves of the South of Ireland, 209 ; 1881, 218 - on explorations in caves of Carboni¬ ferous Limestone in the South of Ireland, 1882, 240 ; 1883, 132 - on the work of the Corresponding Societies Committee, 1885, 708 ; 1886, 285 ; 1887, 459 ; 1889, 255 ; 1890, 55 - on the prehistoric inhabitants of the British Islands, 1887, 168; 1888, 289; 1889, 318; 1890, 548 - on the advisability and possibility of establishing in other parts of the country observations upon the preva¬ lence of earth tremors similar to those now being made in Durham, 1888, 522 - Discussion on coral reefs, 1888, 720 - Address to the Anthropological Section, 1890, 963 - (M.) *on the application of spring fenders to pierheads, 1876, 223 ; *011 a safety-lock for facing-points, ib. - - (S.) on the manufacture of sole- leather in Bristol, 1875, 41 ; *on the tanning of sole-leather in Bristol, 209 GENERAL INDEX. 143 *Evans’s (Prof.) method of solving cubic and other trinomial equations, Rev. R. Harley on, 1873, 22 Evaporating-pan, a safe and rapid, F. H. T. Allen on, 1876, 61 Evaporation and dissociation, Prof. W. Ramsay and Dr. S. Young on, 1884, 675 - and eccentricity as cofactors in Glacial periods, Rev. E. Hill on, 1881, 631 - : L. Kessler, on a new system of evaporating liquids, 1863, 44 - from the surface of water, Rogers Field and G. J. Symons on the deter¬ mination of the real amount of, 1869, 25 * - and temperature, S. B. J. Skertchly on experiments on, made at Wisbeach, 1873, 44 Everett (A. H.) on the exploration of certain caves in Borneo , 1879, 149 - (Prof. J. D.) on a new proportion- table, equivalent to a sliding-rule 13 ft. 4 in. long, 1866, 2 - on the results of observations of atmospheric electricity at Kew Obser¬ vatory and at Windsor, Nova Scotia, 1867, 20 ; on the results of experiments on the rigidity of glass, brass, and steel, 153 ■ - on the rate of increase of under¬ ground temperature , 1868, 510; 1869, 176; 1870, 29; 1871, 14; 1872, 128; 1873,252; 1875, 14, 156; 1876, 204; 1877, 194; 1878, 178; 1879, 40; 1880, 26; 1881, 9p; 1882, 72; 1883, 45; 1885,93;1889,35 - summary of results contained in the first fifteen reports of the Underground Temperature Committee , 1882, 74 - resume of experiments on rigidity, 1868, 8 - on a scale for computing humidity, 1870, 31 - on units of force and energy, 1871, 29 ; on the general circulation and distribution of the atmosphere, 54 ; on wet- and dry-bulb formulas, ib. * - on focal lines, 1872, 36 ; on a difficulty in the theory of aberration, ib. ; on mirage, ib. - on dynamical and electrical units , 1873, 222 ; 1874, 255 - on the kinematics of a rigid body, 1873, 28 ; on a refraction-spectrum without a prism, 37 ■■ ■ on the teaching of physics in schools , 1874, 71 - on statical and kinematical ana¬ logues, 1874, 11 ; on anew application of quaternions, ib. * - on the calculus of motors, 1875, 11 - on Ohm's law , 1876, 36 - - on arrangements for tailing certain observations in India , and observations on atmospheric electricity at Madeira , 1878, 103; 1879, 63 Everett (Prof. J. D.) on the progress of the chief branches of mathematics and physics , 1879, 37 - - on some broad features of under¬ ground temperature, 1879, 345 ■ - on standards for use in electrical measurements , 1882, 70; 1883, 41; 1884, 29; 1885, 31; 1886, 145; 1887, 206; 1888, 55; 1889, 41; 1890, 95 ■ - on the desirability of introducing a uniform nomenclature for the funda¬ mental units of mechanics, 1888, 27 - on the relations between orbits, catenaries, and curved rays, 1888, 581 - on the relations between ray-curva¬ tures, brachistochrones, and free paths, 1889, 498 Everill (Capt. H. C.), recent explora¬ tion in New Guinea, 1886, 730 Evidence in courts of law, report on tech¬ nical and scientific, 1862, 373 ; 1866,456 Evolution of sex in the vegetable king¬ dom, G. S. Boulger on the, 1876, 142 * - the Rev. J. T. Gulick on diversit}r of, under one set of external conditions, 1872, 136 Evolutionary history, abnormal and ar¬ rested development as an indication of, Dr. J. G. Garson on, 1885, 1226 Ewan (Dr. T.) on the condensation of dibenzylketone with oxalic ether, 1890, 788 Ewart (Prof. J. C.), a contribution to the question on the influence of Bacilli in the production of disease, 1881, 717 - on the establishment of a marine biological station at Granton, Scotland, 1885, 474; 1886, 251 ; 1887, 91 - on the researches on food-fishes and invertebrates at the St. Andrews' marine laboratory , 1886, 268 ; 1888, 141 - on the occupation of a table at the zoological station at Naples, 1889, 95 ; 1890, 449 * - *on the modifications of electric organs in elasmobranch fishes, 1889, 627 ; ^observations on the migration of fishes, ib. ■ - (W.), report on the uniformity of weights and measures, 1864, 102 ; 1865, 375; 1866, 352; 1867,468; 1868,484 * . (Miss) on floral contrivances in the genus Thesium, 1889, 649 Ewing (Prof. J. A.) on the magnetic sus¬ ceptibility and retentiveness of soft iron, 1883, 402 - on the measurement of the move¬ ments of the ground, with reference to proposed earthquake observations on Ben Nevis, 1885, 920 ; *on a new form of high-speed friction driving gear, 1203 144 GENERAL INDEX. Ewing (Prof. J. A.) on the advisability and possibility of establishing in other parts of tiie country observations upon the prevalence of earth tremors similar to those now being made in Durham , 1888, 522 - on magnetic viscosity in iron, 1889, 497 ; on hysteresis in the relation of strain to stress, 502 - on the molecular theory of induced magnetism, 1890, 740 - — — and W. Low on the magnetisation of iron in strong fields, 1887, 586 ; on the magnetisation of Hadfield’s manganese steel in strong fields, 587 ; on the in¬ fluence of a plane of transverse section on the magnetic permeability of an iron bar, 609 - [J. A.] and J. G. MacGregor on the volumes of solutions, 1877, 40 Examination, the statistics of, Prof. F. Y. Edgeworth on, 1888, 763 Examinations, the element of chance in, Prof. F. Y. Edgeworth on, 1890, 920 * - competitive, D. Mackintosh on the prevailing mode of preparing for, 1875, 217 Examiners, degree of concordance be¬ tween different , in assigning marks for physical qualifications, experiments at EtonCollege on the , by A. A. Somerville , 1889, 477 Exchange, media of: some notes on the precious metals and their equivalents, by J. B. Martin, 1884, 837 Exchanges, the theory of, report on, by Balfour Stewart, 1861, 97 Excreta of towns, E. C. C. Stanford on a chemical method of treating the, 1869, 76 Excretion of nitrogen by the skin, J. B. Power on the, 1878, 602 - of nitrogen, the influence of bodily exercise on the, report on, 1880, 159; 1882, 269; 1883, 242; 1884, 265 Exeter, H. K. Bamber on the water-supply of, 1869, 60 Exmouth Warren, G-. Peacock on the en¬ croachments of the sea on, 1869, 166 Exocoetus (Hying- fish), Dr. C. Collingwood on the habits of the, 1867, 80 ^Expansion of solids by heat, two new forms of apparatus for the experi¬ mental illustration of the, by Prof. W. F. Barrett, 1876, 48 Expansions, W. H. L. Bussell on symbo¬ lical, 1864, 4 Expansive working in direct-acting pumping engines, H. Davey on, 1887, 880 Experimental science, exercises illustra¬ tive of an elementary course of instruc¬ tion in by Prof. Armstrong. 1890, 299 Exploring expeditions now and fifty years ago, F. Galton on the equipment of, 1881, 738 Explosion, the velocity of, of a mixture of carbonic oxide and oxygen with varving Quantities of aqueous vapour, H. B. Dixon on, 1882, 487; 1884, 688 - of hydrogen and oxygen, the rate of, H. B. Dixon on. 1885, 905 Explosions in British coal-mines during the year 1859, report on, by Thomas Dobson, 1861, 236 - - steam-boiler, Lavington E. Fletcher on the unsatisfactory character of coroners’ inquests consequent on, 1868, 190 ■ - boiler, report of the committee ap¬ pointed to consider and report how far coroners'1 inquisitions are satisfactory tribunals for the investigation of, 1869, 47 - steam-boiler, report on the various plans proposed for legislating on the- subject of, with a view to their preven¬ tion, 1870, 1 ; 1871, 166; 1872, 57 - L. E. Fletcher on steam-boiler legislation, 1871. 236 - - in gases, the velocity of, H. B. Dixon on, 1884, 688 - the incompleteness of combustion in, by Prof. H. B. Dixon and H. W. Smith, 1888, 632 - spectroscopic studies of, by Profs. Liveing and Dewar, 1884, 672 "‘Explosive agents, recent researches in, F. A. Abel on. 1879, 293 Exponential functions, Prof. F. W. Newman on the calculation of, 1874, 19 Export trade of the United Kingdom, the decay in the, S. Bourne on, 1879, 470 Export and import duties , the incidence and effects of, by C. F. Bastable, 1889, 440 Eye, Isaac Ashe on the function of the oblique muscles of the, 1862, 120 - - Barnard S. Proctor on the focal adjustment of the, 1863, 16 - A. Claudet on some phenomena produced by the refractive power of the, 1863, 11 - — - Dr. Edwards Crisp on the relative weight and form of the, in vertebrate animals. 1868, 114 Eyepiece for certain optical experiments. Prof. G. Forbes on a diagonal, 187S, 449 Eyes of animals, Prof. H. Muller on the existence and arrangement of the fovea centralis re tinge in the, 1861, 17 1 - Prof. H. N. Moseley on the presence of, and other sense organs in the Chitonidge, 1884, 780 ‘ - petrified human,’ from the graves of the dead, Arica, Peru, Rev. Dr. Hume on the so-called, 1869, 133 GENERAL INDEX. 145 Eyesight and colour-blindness of bogs at Marlborough College , report by Mr. C. Roberts on, observations on, 1881, 26S - Inspector- General Lawson on test¬ ing, 1881, 261 - - observations on, by C. Roberts, 1884, 279 Eyre (G. E. Briscoe), cottagers and open wastes in the district of the New Forest, 1882, 645 - (General Sir Vincent) on the desir¬ ability of an exploration being made of the district between the Brahmaputra, the Upper Irawadi, and the Yang-tse- Kiang, 1868, 430 Fabrics, mixed, J. Spiller on the discri¬ mination of fibres in, 1870, 64 Facial characteristics of the races and principal crosses hi the British Isles, report of the Committee for defining the , and for obtaining illustrative pho¬ tographs with a view to their publica¬ tion, 1883, 306 ; 1884, 294 Facing-point lock, Luke’s patent safety, for securing railway facing-points, R. Luke on, 1874, 224 * Facing-points, M. Evans on a safety- lock for, 1876, 223 Factions, Prof. Cayley on the analytical forms called, 1875, 10 Factor table for the fourth million, ac¬ count of the calculation of the, 1878, 172 - see 4 Mathematical Tables.’ Factorials, J. W. L. Glaisher on the func¬ tion that stands in the same relation to Bernoulli’s numbers that the gamma- function does to, 1872, 17 Factories and Workshops Acts, the, past and present, G. H. L. Rickards on, 1890, 927 Factors of safety, W. B. Marshall on, 1890, 960 Factory Acts, a proposed reduction to system of the 4 modifications,’ or pri¬ vileges to work overtime, which are granted to particular trades under the, Sir G. Young, Bart., on, 1877, 185 — — Acts, R. W. Cooke-Taylor on the, 1884, 853 - industries, the suitability of small towns for, R. R. Tanner on, 1888, 767 ^Fahlberg (Dr.), saccharine, the new sweet product from coal-tar, 1887, 649 Fairbairn (William), Presidential Ad¬ dress at Manchester, 1861, li - report on steamship performance, 1861, 190; 1862, 282; 1863, 339 - on the resistance of iron plates to statical pressure and the force of i mpact by projectiles at high velocities, 1861, 280; report to determine the effect of vibratory action and long - continued changes of load upon wrought - iron girders, 286 Fairbairn (William) on the temperature of the earth’s crust, as exhibited by thermometrical returns obtained dur¬ ing the sinking of the deep mine at Dukinfield, 1861, 53 - on the mechanical properties of iron projectiles at high velocities, 1862, 178 - Address to the Mechanical Section, 1862, 178 - report on the application of gun¬ cotton to warlike purposes, 1863, 1 ; 1865, 264 - preliminary investigation of the mechanical properties of the proposed Atlantic cable, 1864, 408 - on the strength of materials consi¬ dered in relation to the construction of iron ships, 1865, 243 - on india-rubber and gutta-percha as insulators for submarine telegraphic cables, 1865, 14 ; on some of the causes of the failure of deep-sea cables, and experimental researches on the per¬ manency of their insulators, 178 - - - meteorological and physical observa¬ tions in three balloon ascents made in 1865 and 1866, 1866, 367 - on the means employed for removing and replacing in a new position the iron columns of a fireproof cotton mill, 1866, 141 - - on the analysis and condensation of the information contained in the reports of the 4 Steamship Performance ’ Com¬ mittee, and other sources of inf ormation on the same subject, 1867, 58 ; 1868, 1 14 1869, 330 ; experimental researches on the mechanical properties of steel, 1867, 161 ; 1869, 96 - on a uniformity of weights and measures, 1868, 484 ; 1869, 308 ; [Sir W.] 1870, 232 ; 1871, 198; 1872, 25 - — — on steam-boiler explosions, 1869, 47 ; 1870, 1 ; 1871, 1 66; 1872, 57 - on underground temperature , 1870,3 1 Fairlie (R. F.), on the gauge of the railways of the future, 1870, 215 - on the gauge for railways, 1871, 234 f— — - (Thomas) on the action of hydro¬ gen on polycyanides, 1864, 26 * - on the reactions of cyanogen, note on glycocine, with tables, 1865, 29 - on polyatomic cyanides, 1868, 519 - on cyanogen, 1870, 54; on the dis¬ tillation of sulphuric acid, 55 - on chlorine, hj'pochlorous acid, &c , and peroxide of hydrogen, 1874, 57 ; on perchloric acid, 58 — — - on the separation of lead, silver, and mercury, with a proposed process for the estimation of lead, 1875, 42 ; on a new method of preparing periodates. L 146 GENERAL INDEX. with application as a test for iodine and sodium, ib. ; *on new solvents for gold, silver, platinum, &c., with an ex¬ planation of the so-called catalytic action of these metals and their salts on hydrogen dioxide, ib. ; *on the use of potassium dichromate in Grove’s and Bunsen’s batteries to ensure con¬ stancy, ib. *Fairlie (Thomas) on hydrogen peroxide and some uranium compounds, 1877, 5 1 ; *on the thermo-chemistry of oxygen, ib. . - on the blowing wells near Northal¬ lerton, 1881, 544; analyses of the water and gas therefrom, 60 r * - on vacuum injector pumps for use in chemical laboratories, 1887, 669 - notes on the limits of the reactions for the detection of hydrogen dioxide, and the reactions for uranium, 1890, 783 ; *011 a double aspirator, 785 Faivre (Prof. E.) on annular incisions on mulberry trees, 1868, 95 Falconer (Dr.) *on ossiferous caves in Malta, 1862, 195 ; *on the asserted plurality of species of existing Asiatic elephants, ib. * - on fossil and human remains of the Gibraltar cave, 1864, 53 Falk (M.), elementary demonstration of the theorem of multiplication of deter¬ minants, 1878, 473 Fallows (W.) on the origin of the Stock- ton and Darlington Railway, 1863, 153 Family, C. Staniland Wake on the primitive human, 1878, 592 Fantee languages, H. Clarke on the Ashantee and, 1873, 142 Faraday (F. J.), considerations arising from Koch’s discovery of the bacillus of tuberculosis. 1882, 578 Faraday's law of electrolysis with refer¬ ence to silver and copper, the verifica¬ tion of, W. IV. Shaw on, 1886, 318 Farmers, small, the decline of, in York¬ shire and Lancashire, J. W. Ellis on, 1870, 190 - small, the condition of, and their position with reference to the land question, M. O’Brien on, 1878, 661 Farms, the economy of large and small, W. Botly on, 1870, 188 Farquharson (Mrs.) on the identifica¬ tion of the British mosses by their distinctive characters, 1885, 1063 Farr (Dr. W.) on the recent improve¬ ments in the health of the British army, 1861, 219 - Address to the Section of Economic Science and Statistics, 1864, 15 1 * - life-tables, by the Swedish calcu¬ lating-machine, 1864, 165 - on a uniformity of weights and measures, 1866, 352 ; 1867, 448 ; 1868, 484 ; 1869, 308 ; 1870, 232 ; 1871, 198 ; 1872, 25 ; 1874, 359 Farr (Dr. W.) on international coinage, 1869, 381 - on the practicability of adopting a common measure of value in the assess¬ ment of direct taxation, 1876, 27 ; 1878, 220; on the worli of the Anthropometric Committee, 1876, 266 ; 1878, 152 ; 1879, 175 ; 1880, 120; 1881, 225 - on some doctrines of population, 1877, 174 - on Babbage's analytical machine , 1878, 92 Farrar (Rev. F. W.) on language and ethnology, 1865, 120 - . on the teaching of science at the public schools, 1866, 72 - (Rev. T.) on the fixity of the types of man, 1864, 143 Farrer (J. A.) on savage and civilised warfare, 1879, 396 * - (Sir T.), some notes on money, 1887, 830 Fas, in Morocco, J. Stirling on a visit to the holy city of, 1869, 168 Fat of the animal body, J. B. Lawes and Dr. J. H. Gilbert on the sources of the, 1866, 41 — — - woman exhibiting in London, Sir D. Gibb on a, 1871, 152 Fats, W. L. Carpenter on the presence of albumen in neutral, 1872, 71 - - contributions to the analysis of, by Dr. J. Lewkowitsch, 1890, 787 - the constitution of the natural, J. A. Wanklyn and W. Fox on, 1883, 470 Fatty oils, the action of various, on copper, W. H. Watson on, 1877, 53 - oils, ignition of cotton by saturation with, J. Galletly on the, 1872, 73 Fault systems of Central and West Cornwall, J. H. Collins on the, 1880, 5S4 Faulting and deposit in Carboniferous times in Craven, Yorkshire, R. H. Tiddeman on concurrent, with a note on Carboniferous reefs, 1889, 600 Fauna of the Ashton-under-Lyne dis¬ trict, J. R. Byrom on the flora and, 1883, 541 * - Atlantic, Prof. Wyville Thomson on the palaeontological relations of the North, 1871, 134 - of British India, and its relation to the Ethiopian and so-called Indian fauna, W. T. Blanford on the, 1 869, 107 * - of the Firth of Clyde, W. E. Hoyle on the, 1888, 717 - and fiora of the Cameroons moun¬ tain, report on the, 1887, 73 - and fiora of the smith coast of Devon and Cornwall, report on the marine , 1865, 51; 1867, 275; 1869, S4; 1872, GENERAL INDEX. 147 48 ; report on the marine zoology , 1879, 165; 1880, 160; 1881, 198 Fauna and flora, on the definition of the Area of the British, Marine, 1887, 95 - fresh-water, the origin of, Prof. W. J. Sollas on, 1881, 760 - of the Louisiade and d’Entre- casteaux Islands, notes on the, by B. H. Thomson, 1889, 615 - - of Magellan and Western Patagonia, R. 0. Cunningham on the terrestrial and marine, 1870, 114 - of the Red Crag, Alfred Bell on some molluscan, 1868, 59 - Pacific, W. Harper Pease on the principal divisions of the, 1863, 101 - - Pacific, Philip P. Carpenter on the connection between the Crag forma¬ tions and the recent North, 1861, 52 - of Persia, W. T. Blanford on the, 1873, no - Pliocene, of the caverns and river- deposits of Somersetshire, W. Boyd Dawkins on the newer, 1861, 53 - of prehistoric times, Prof. Rolleston on the flora and, 1877, 120 - of the Red Sea and Mediterranean, the cause of the extreme dissimilarity of the, Prof. E. Hull on, 1885, 1068 *-■ ■- of the Seychelle group of islands, Prof. E. P. Wright on the flora and, 1868, in - of St. Andrews, Dr. McIntosh on the invertebrate marine, 1867, 92 Faure’s accumulator, some uses of, in connection with lighting by electricity, Prof. Sir. Wm. Thomson on, 1881, 526 - battery, C. Becker on, 1870, 24 Favistella stellata and Favistella calicina, Dr. H. A. Nicholson on, with notes on the affinities of Favistella and allied genera, 1871, 89 Fawcett (Henry) on the method of Mr. Darwin in his treatise on the origin of species, 1861, 141 ; on the economic effects of the recent gold discoveries, *1861,269; *1862, 196; 1*63, 192 - on the causes which produce the present high rate of discount, 1861, - Address to the Section of Economic Science and Statistics, 1872, 217 - on the economic effects of combina¬ tions of labourers and capitalists, 1871, 266 - (J. W.), notes on the religion of the Australian aborigines, 1890, 969 ; notes on the aborigines of Australia, 970 Fawcus (George) on improvements in waggons and gun-carriages, 1863, 172 ; on a new method of constructing boats, ib. - on suggested improvements in doors, 1861, 186 ^Fawcus (George) on improvements in scaling- and other ladders, 1861, 186 - on improvements in blocks for lowering ships’ boats and for improve¬ ments in boats, 1865, 184 - on improvement in pontoon trains, 1866, 143 * - on the stowage of ships’ boats, 1867, 154 - on improvements in the packing of boats, life-boats, and pontoons, 1868, 189 f - on a new method of isometrical drawing, 1871, 222 * - on combined elliptical, parallel, and angular motion, 1880, 699 Fayum and Raian basins, Cope White - house on the, 1888, 746 Fedchenko (A.), topographical sketch of the Zerafshan valley, 1870, 169 Feddersen (Dr. W.) on some peculiari¬ ties in the electric discharge from a Leyden jar, 1871, 27 Feet of Mammalia, the homologies of the long tiexor muscles of the, G. E. Dobson on, 1882, 574 Feilden (Capt.) and C. De Rance on the geological results of the late British Arctic Expedition, 1878, 548 Fells brevirostris, Dr. R. Laing on the discovery of an extinct Pleiocene feline, new to Great Britain, 1889, 582 - Lynx, W. H. Ransom on the occur¬ rence of, as a British fossil, 1866, 66 Felkin (Dr. R. W.), Can Europeans be¬ come acclimatised in tropical Africa ? 1886, 729 - on the normal temperature of Soudanese, Negroes, and Europeans in tropical Africa, 1889, 787 ; on the differences of sensibility between Europeans and Negroes, and the effects of education in increasing the sensi¬ bility of Negroes, ib. - (W.) on the lace and hosiery trades of Nottingham, 1866, 128 Fell (J. B.) on locomotive engines and carriages on the central rail system for making steep gradients and sharp curves, as employed on the Mont Cenis, 1866, 143 - on the application of the centre-rail system to a railway in Brazil and to other mountain lines ; also on the advantages of narrow-gauge lailways, 1870, 216 - on the Euphrates Valley railway, 1883, 632 ; on the construction and working of Alpine railways, 633 - on the experiments made at the camp at Aldershot with a new form of military field-railway, for rapid construction in war-time, 1876, 223 Fellows (F. P.) on a uniformity of 148 GENERAL INDEX. weights and measures , 1865, 375 ; 1866, 352; 1867,468; 1868,484; 1869,308; 1870, 232; 1871, 198; 1872, 25 Fellows (F. P.) on the practical advan¬ tages of the metric system of weights and measures, 1865, 147 * - on certain errors in the received equivalent of the metre, &c., 1866, 2 - on the various methods in which our coinage may be decimalised, the advantages and disadvantages of each, 1867, 138 - on the new scheme of Mr. C. Seely, M.P., and Mr. F. P. Fellows for Admiralty estimates, and ‘ finance,’ ‘ expense,’ ‘ manufacture ’ and other ac¬ counts, &c., recommended for adoption by the Committee of the House of Commons on naval moneys and accounts, and now being introduced, 1868, 159 - on our navy, 1870, 190 - on a proposed Doomsday Book, giving the value of government property as a basis for a sound system of national finance and accounts, 1871, 21 1 - suggestions for improving and extending our national accounts, 1872, 224 - statistics and observations on the National Debt and our disbursements from the revolution in 1688 to the present time, showing the advisability of ascertaining our annual governmental capital and current expenditure, 1873, 186 - on the economic effects of combina¬ tions of labourers and capitalists, 1874, 2 66 ; 1875, 146 - on political economy and the laws affecting the prices of commodities and labour, and on strikes and lock-outs, 1874, 203 ; *on governmental accounts, with further suggestions for establish¬ ing a Doomsday Book, giving the value of governmental property, 204 - on the work of the Anthropometric Committee, 1876, 266; 1877, 231; 1878, 152; 1879, 175; 1880, 120; 1881, 225 ; 1882, 278 ; 1883, 253 - - on the present appropriation of mages and sources of income, 1880, 318 ; 1881, 272 ; 1882, 297 - - - on Admiralty moneys and accounts, 1880, 668 - the cost of shipbuilding in H.M. dockyards, 1886, 779 Fellowships, James Hey wood on, at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, 1862, 153 Felstones and conglomerates of the Pentland Hills, J. Henderson on the age of the 1871, 101 *Female emigration, Miss M. Rye on, 1884, 866 ; Mrs. Burt on, ib. ; Mrs. Joyce on, ib. Fens of Cambridgeshire, some thermal springs in the, F. W. Harmer on, 1870, 74 - W. Thorold on the failure of the sluice in, and on the means of securing such sluices against a similar contin¬ gency, 1862, 186 *Ferguson (A.) on white-lead, 1876, 63 * - (W.), notes on a cist found at Park- hill, Dyce, in October 1881, 1885, 1225 Fermanagh, the exploration of some caves in the Limestone hills in, T. Plunkett on, 1877, 76 * - Cares, report on the exploration of the, 1878, 183 Fermat’s theorem, recurring decimals and, Prof. R. W. Genese on, 1888, 580 Ferment, dust as a, C. R. C. Tichborne on, 1870, 65 Fermentations, bacterial, contributions to the study of pure, by Prof. P. F. Frankland, G. C. Frankland, and J. J. Fox, 1889, 544 Fern prothallia, the cultivation of, for laboratory purposes, J. Morley on, 1886, 707 Fernando Noronha group, some rock specimens from the islands of the, Prof. A. Renard on, 1885, 1031 Fernie (John) on the iron and steel shown at the Paris Exhibition, 1867, 154 Ferns, the abnormal growth of, T. M. Hall on, 1870, 1 17 * - E. J Lowe on the propagation of, by means of spores, 1865, 83 - E. J. Lowe on abnormal forms of, 1867, 91 ; 1870, 120 - abnormal, hybrids, and their parents, E. J. Lowe and Col. Jones on, 1888, 713 - of the Coal-measures, and their affinities with existing forms, W. Car- ruthers on the tree, 1872, 98 * - meristem of, as a study in phy- losrenv, Prof. F. O. Bower on the, 1889, 618 * - the question of the phylogenj7 of, Prof. F. O. Bower on, 1890, 867 Ferrel’s theory of the winds, C. Chambers on, 1890, 745 Ferric sulphate, the action of zinc and magnesium on acidified solutions of, Prof. T. E. Thorpe on, 1881, 595 Ferrier (Prof. D ) on the localisation of function in the brain, 1873, 126 - and Dr. J. B. Sanderson on the origin and distribution of microzymes ( bacteria ) in water, and the circum¬ stances which determine their exist¬ ence in the tissues and liquids of the living body, 1871, 125 Ferrous acid, W. Odling on, 1862, 48 GENERAL INDEX. 149 Festing (Gen.) on the absorption spectra of pure compounds, 1889, 227; 1890, 339 Fetishism, the origin of, A. Lang on, 1879, 396 Fez, a visit to the holy city of, J. Stirling on, 1869, 168 — — and Mequinez, a journey to, Dr. A. Leared on, 1878, 631 Fibres in mixed fabrics, J. Spiller on the discrimination of, 1870, 64 Fibrin, Dr. Goodman on, 1871, 72 ^Fibrous substances, S. C. Lister on the mechanical treatment of, 1873, 214 Fichtelite, Prof. Mallet on the occur¬ rence in recent pine- timber of, a hydrocarbon hitherto only known in a fossil state, 1872, 79 Field (Frederick) on a specimen of tin- ore hitherto undescribed, 1864, 27 - (Rogers) on the rainfall of the British Isles , 1870, 170; 1871, 98: 1872, 176; 1873, 257; 1874, 75; 1875, 91 ; 1876, 172 - on an improved form of aneroid for determining heights, with a means of adjusting the altitude-scale for various temperatures, 1873, 46 - on the datum-level of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain , and the tabu¬ lation and comparison of other datum- marhs, 1877, 220; 1878, 219; 1879, 219 - on self-acting intermittent siphons , and the conditions which determine the commencement of their action , 1879, 223 • - on the phenomena of the stationary tides in the English Channel and the North Sea , and the value of tidal ob¬ servations in the North Atlantic Ocean , 1880, 390 ; 1881, 160 - on the best means of ascertaining the effective wind-pressures to which build¬ ings and structures are exposed , *1881, 779; 1882, 315 - and G. J. Symons on the determina¬ tion of the real amount of evaporation from the surface of water, 1869, 25 Fielden (Col.) on the present state of our knowledge of the zoology and botany of the West India Islands , and on the steps taken to investigate ascertained deficiencies in the fauna and flora , 1890, 447 Field-vole, destruction of plantations at Drumlanrig by a species of, Dr. T. B. Grierson on the, 1867, 82 - ( Arvicola agrestis , L.), the habits of the, Sir W. Elliot on, 1878, 559 Fifeshire, W. Carruthers on the vegetable contents of masses of limestone occur¬ ring in trappean rocks in, 1871, 94 ^Figures, numerical, for scientific instru¬ ments, and a proposed mode of en¬ graving them, Lieut.-Col. A. Strange on the best forms of, 1869, 53 Figures, transformation of, by a finite twist and a stretch, Prof. Genese on the, 1888, 579 *Fiji islands, J. E. Mason on the, 1886, 73i Filaria in the blood, Dr. P. Manson on the destiny of the, 1882, 579 - sanguinis hominis , Dr. Cobbold on, 1882, 579 Films, liquid, Sir D. Brewster on figures of equilibrium of, 1867, 6 - of alcohol, volatile oils, and other fluids, Sir D. Brewster on the motion and colours upon, 1867, 8 - of wrater, experiments on thin, with regard to their absorption of radiant heat, Hon. F. A. R. Russell on, 1880, 490 Filter-pump, T. E. Thorpe on an improved form of, 1872, 83 - an improved vacuum, W. J. Lovett on, 1874, 65 Filtering-sand, J. Lang on an apparatus for cleaning, 1876, 232 Filtration of water through Triassic sand¬ stone , 7. Roberts on the, 1878, 397 Fin and Magyar languages, H. Clarke on the Himalayan origin of the, 1875, 172 Finch (F. G.) on the utilisation of blast¬ furnace slag, 1865, 29 Findlay (A. G.) on the bed of the ocean, 1865, 379 - on the supposed influence of the Gulf -stream on the climate of North¬ west Europe, 1869, 160 ^Finland, Rev. J. Pattison on a journey across, from Ellenborg to Archangel, via Kemi, 1876, 183 Finnmark in Norway, ethnology of, L. Daa on the, 1861, 193 Fins of fish, the homological relation to one another of the, Prof. Humphry on, 1870, 141 Finsch (Dr. O.) on the biological results of the North-German exploring expe¬ dition, 1877, 10 1 ; on the German ex¬ pedition to Western Siberia, 146 Fiords, R. Brown on the formation of, 1868, 134 *Fire, G. B. Galloway on the means of saving life from buildings which may be on, 1865, 150 Fire-arms, elongated projectiles for rifled, T, Aston on, 1861, 253 - — -- breech-loading, A. Wyley on recent improvements in, 1874, 232 - - - breech-loading, exhibited at Vienna in 1873, A. Wyley on the, 1874, 232 - the bursting of, wflien the muzzle is closed with snow, earth, &c., Prof. G. Forbes on, 1879, 283 *Fire-brick, J. Dunnachie on, 1876, 63 Fire-clay goods, Joseph Cowen on, 1863, 40 *Fire-damp in mines, G. Ansell on an 150 GENERAL INDEX. apparatus for indicating the pressure and amount of, 1867, 31 Fire-damp in mines, an instrument for indicating and measuring the, Prof. G. Forbes on, 1878, 449 - in mines, an instrument for detecting, report of the committee appointed to improve , 1879, 13 1 * - indicator, J. W. Swan on a, 1S87, 884 — — detector, an automatic, J. W. Swan on, 1888, 817 Fire extinction, the injector hydrant for, J. H. Greathead on, 1883, 635 - - extinction, automatic sprinklers for, C. J. H. Woodbury on, 1884, 894 y - insurance rules and electric light¬ ing, W. Hartnell on, 1890, 958 - making in North Borneo, S. B. J. Skertchly on, 1889, 795 - risks of electric lighting, K. Hedges on, 1883, 653 Fireplace, ventilating, description of a, with experiments upon its heating- power as compared with that of ordi¬ nary fireplaces, by Capt. D. Galton, 1868, 191 Fires, J. F. Bateman on street-pipe ar¬ rangements for extinguishing, 1861, 25 5^ - C. B. King on extinguishing, 1863, 174 - C. W. Siemens on a system of tele¬ graphic communication adopted in Berlin in case of, 1861, 264 - W. Ladd on a respirator for use in extinction of, 1871, 44 Firing, mechanical, and furnaces, G. F. Deacon on the efficiency of, 1870, 21 1 *Firth of Clyde, the fauna of the, W. E. Hoyle on, 1888, 717 *Firth (S.), the application of machinery to coal-cutting, 1863, 192 - (W.) on the application of machinery to the cutting of coal in mines, 1873, 175 Fiscal policy, how the prosperity of a nation may be affected by its, by A. Forbes, 1885, 1169 Fischer (Prof. W. L. F.) on tided obser¬ vations, 1868, 489; 1870, 120 *Fish, a, supposed to be of deep-sea origin, Rev. D. Honeymanon, 1884, 761 - breeding, artificial, five years’ ex¬ perience in, showing in what waters trout will and wall not thrive, W. F. Webb on, 1869, 118 * - freshwater, of Algeria, Colonel Playfair on the hydrographical system of the, 1871, 134 - in the New Red Sandstone (Upper Keuper) in Warwickshire, Rev. P. B. Brodie on the discovery of, 1 886, 629 - of the West Riding coalfield, J. W. Davis on, 1890, 822 Fish, new to the British fauna, obtained by dredging among the Shetland Isles , Dr. A. Gunter on four species of, 1867, 446 * - jaw, hinged, T. J. Moore on a re¬ markable, and a young Lamantin, 1870, 121 - the preservation of, and preventing the pollution of rivers, Lieut. -Gen. Sir J. E. Alexander on, *1870, 109; 1880, 672 * — - remains that have occurred in the Coal-measures of Durham and Northumberland, T. Atthey and J. W. Kirkby on some, 1863, 191 - remains in the Coal-measures, the occurrence of certain, and the evidence they afford of their fresh- water origin, J. W. Davis on, 1878, 539 - remains in the Old Red Sandstone at Portishead, W. Hellier Baily on the occurrence of, 1864, 49 - remains, some fossil, found in the upper beds of the Yoredale series at Levburn, in Yorkshire, J. W. Davis on, 1883, 492 - some remains of, from the Upper Silurian rocks of Pennsylvania, Prof. E. W. Claj’pole on, 1884, 733 - specimens of, from the Lower Old Red Sandstone of Forfarshire, Rev. H. Mitchell on, 1885, 1023 - spine, the Rev. W. S. Symonds on a new, from the Lower Old Red Sand¬ stone of Hay, Breconshire, 1871, no - Dr. Stevenson Macadam on the poisonous action of crude paraffin oil. and the products of its rectification upon, 1866, 41 Fisher (Rev. G.) on the numerical mode of estimating educational qualifications, as pursued at the Greenwich Hospital School, 1862, 153 - (Rev. O.) on the denudations of Norfolk, 1868, 63 Fisheries of Canada, L. Z. Joncas on the, 1884, 854 - - fresh water, the improvement of, Sir J. E. Alexander on, 1881, 680 - salmon, Thomas Ashworth on the scientific cultivation of, 1862, 121 - report on the aid given by the Do¬ minion Government and the Govern¬ ment of the United States to the en¬ couragement of , and to the investigation of the various forms of marine life on the coasts and rivers of Forth America , 1885, 479 Fishes, Charles Robertson on the cervical and occipital vertebras of osseous, 1861, 172 * - congenital abnormalities in, Prof. B. C. A. Windle on certain, 1889, 616 * - the migration of, observations on, by Prof. J. C. Ewart, 1889. 627 GENERAL INDEX. 151 Fishes, protoplasmic movements on the egg of osseous, Dr. W. H. Ransom on the conditions of the, 1866, 92 - fossil, of Cornwall, C. W. Peach on the, 1868, 76 - the fossil, of the Devonian rocks of Scaumenac Bay and Campbellton, Canada, Dr. R. H. Traquair on, 1889, 584 - fossil, from the Permian limestone of Fulwell, near Sunderland, J. W. Kirk by on, 1863, 82 - fossil, from the Old Red Sandstone of Caithness, C. W. Peach on, 1862, 85 — fossil, C. W. Peach on, of the Old Red Sandstone of Caithness and Suther¬ land, with notices of some new to those counties, 1867, 7 2 - rare, occurring in Norfolk and Lothingland, T. E. Gunn on, 1868, 97 - of the Sea of Galilee, the origin of the, Prof. E. Hull on, 1885, 1066 - - the spiracle of, in its relation to the head, as developed in the higher verte¬ brates, Prof. J. Cleland on, 1885, 1069 - vitality of, as tested by increase of temperature, Dr. John Davy on the, 1862, 125 - - and Crustacea, M. G. Pouchet on the mechanism of the change of colour in, 1872, 152 ^Fishing streams, Sir J. E. Alexander on the preservation of, 1867, 77 *Fison (Mrs.) on sanitary improvements, 1861, 220 * - (F. W.) and A. Vernon Harcourt on a continuous process for purifying coal-gas and obtaining sulphur and ammonium sulphate, 1873, 64 Fitch (J. G.) on educational endow¬ ments, 1868, 163 - on the savings-bank in the school, 1873, 187 - on the teaching of physics in schools, 1874, 71 *Fittica (Prof.) on the second mono- bromo-benzene, 1887, 649 Fitz-Gerald (D. G.) on lithanode, 1886, 553 FitzGerald (G. F.) on surface tension, 1878, 436 ; on the theory of muscular contraction, 601 - on the tension of vapours near curved surfaces of their liquids, 1879, . 255 * - on the possibility of originating wave-disturbances in the ether by electro-magnetic forces, 1880, 497 - on Maxwell’s equations for the electro-magnetic action of moving electricity, 1883, 404 ; on the energy lost by radiation from alternating electric currents, ib. ; on a method of producing electro-magnetic disturb¬ ances of comparatively short wave* lengths, 405 FitzGerald (G. F.) on standards for use ■in electrical measurements , 1883, 41 ; 1884,29; 1885, 31; 1886, 145; 1887, 206 ; 1888, 55 ; 1889, 41 ; 1890, 95 - on an analogy between heat and electricity, 1884, 652 - exhibition of a mechanical model illustrating some properties of the ether, 1885, 930 - - - on electrolysis in its physical and chemical bearings , 1886, 308 ; 1887, 336; 1888, 339; 1889, 223; 1890, 138 * - on the diffraction bands near the edge of the shadow of an obstacle, 1887, 5S4 - on the desirability of introducing a uniform nomenclature for the funda¬ mental units of mechanics, 1888, 27 — — on arranging an investigation of the seasonable variations of temperature in lakes , rivers , and estuaries , 1888, 326 ; 1889, 44 ; 1890, 92 - Address to the Mathematical and Physical Section, 1888, 557 - discussion on lightning-conductors, 1888, 613 - - on the molecular phenomena con¬ nected with the magnetisation of iron , 1889, 33; 1890, 145 - on electrolytic theories, 1890, 142 - on the theory of solution, 1890, 326 * - - note on a kinetic stability of equili¬ brium with electro-magnetic forces, 1890, 753 ; on an episode in the life of J (Hertz’s solution of Maxwell’s equa¬ tions), 755 ; *note on the relation be¬ tween the diffusion of motion and pro¬ pagation of disturbance in some tur¬ bulent liquid motions, 757 - G. J. Stoney, and R. J. Moss on the support of spheroidal drops and allied phenomena, 1878, 441 - - and F. Trouton on Ohm's lam in electrolytes, 1836, 312 ; 1887, 345 ; 1888, 34i Fitzgerald (M. F.), steam engine dia¬ grams, 1888, 819 Fitzpatrick (T. C.) on the application of alternating currents to the deter¬ mination of the conductivity of electro¬ lytes, 1886, 328 * - on the action of the solvent in electrolytic conduction, 1887, 590 - on the specific resistance of copper , 1890, 120 — — and R. T. Glazebrook on the values of some standard resistance coils, 1886, 147 - and R. T. Glazebrook on the permanence of the original standards of resistance of the British Association and of other standard coils , 1888, 56 152 GENERAL INDEX. FitzRoy (Rear-Aclm. R.) on tidal obser¬ vations, 1861, 56 Flame, Sir W. Thomson on volta-convec- tion by, 1867, 17 * - - N. P. Burgh on the action and effect of, in marine boilers, 1866, 140 ^Flanging-iron and steel plates for boiler purposes, A. B. Brown on a, 1876, 219 Flax, W. Charley 011 the injurious effects of dew-rotting, in certain cases, 1874, 56 - New-Zealand, Dr. W. Lauder Lind¬ say on the obstacles to the utilisation of the, 1867, 141 Fleming (Captain), journey from Tien¬ tsin (N. China) to the capital of Man- tchu Tartary, 1863, 136 * - on the ethnology of Eastern Man- tchuria, 1863, 136 - (Dr. A.) on the prevalence of tape¬ worm in Birmingham, and its causes, 1865, 106 - (J. A.) on the decomposition of an electrolyte by magneto-electric induc¬ tion, 1875, 28 — — recent progress in electric railways, 1882, 667 ; * *011 electric light engineer¬ ing, ib. ; *on the efficiency of the Edison steam djmamo, ib. - on standards for use in electrical measurements, 1883, 41 ; 1884, 29 ; 1885, 31 ; 1886, 145; 1887, 206; 1888, 55 ; 1889, 41 ; 1890, 95 - - - electrolysis in its physical and chemical bearings, 1886, 308 ; 1887, 336; 1888,339; 1889,223; 1890, 138 - on the desirability of introducing a uniform nomenclature for the funda¬ mental units of mechanics, 1888, 27 * - (S. F.) on the conventional divi¬ sion of time now in use, and its disad¬ vantages in connection with steam communications in different parts of the world ; with remarks on the desi¬ rability of adopting common time over the globe for railways and steam-ships, 1876, 182 551 - universal time : a system of nota¬ tion for the twentieth century, 1886, 735 * - (W.) on the steering of ships, in special relation to a new form of rudder, 1872, 243 *Flesh diet in tropical climates, C. 0. Groom-Napier on the unwholesomeness of, 1876, 153 Fletcher (A. E.) on a self-registering perpetual aspirator, 1867, 32; on an ether anemometer for measuring the speed of air in Hues and chimneys, 33 - on a new anemometer for measuring the speed of air in flues and chimneys, 1 869, 48 ■ - on the purification of Sankey Brook, 1870, 55; *on air-pollution from che¬ mical works, 56 Fletcher (A. E.) on the rhysimeter, an instrument for measuring the speed of floating water or of ships, 1871, 234 - on instruments for measuring the speed of ships and currents, 1872, 176 ; 1873, 460 ; 1874, 255 ; 1878, 219 ; 1879, 210 - on the estimation of potash and phos¬ phoric acid, 1875, 24 ; 1877, 9, 26 - on an anemometer for measuring the speed of smoke or corrosive vapour, 1879, 279 - - on the present position of the alkali manufacture, 1887, 638 - (Lavington E.) on the unsatisfac¬ tory character of coroners’ inquests consequent on steam-boiler explosions. 1868, 190 - on boiler explosions , 1869, 47 ; 1870, 1 ; 1871, 166; 1872, 57 * — — on Government action with regard to boiler explosions, 1869, 210 - - - on steam-boiler legislation, 1871, 236 ^Flight and its imitations, F. W. Brearey on, 1879, 292; see 1865, 17 - F. W. Brearey on artificial, 1881, 545 Flight (W.) on observations of luminous meteors, 1875, 199; 1876, 119; 1877, 98; 1878, 258; 1879, 76; 1880, 39; 1881, 290 — accounts of aerolites and aerolitic meteors , and abstracts of recent re¬ searches on them, 1876, 168 *Flint in the Chalk of Yorkshire, J. R. Mortimer on the distribution of, 1875, 78 - and chert implements found in Kent's- . Cavern, W. Pengelly on the, 1868, 49, 54; 1873, 209 * — - conchoidal fracture of, C. B. Rose on the, as seen on flint-faced buildings in Norwich, Yarmouth, &c., 1868, 77 - factories at Portstewart and else¬ where in the North of Ireland, W. J. Knowles on, 1878, 579 - flake core found in the upper Valley- Gravel at Salford, J. Plant on a, 1870, 156 * - flakes of Devon and Cornwall, C. Spence Bate on an attempt to approxi¬ mate the date of the, 1866, 50 - — - flakes used by the early inhabitants of Devon in prehistoric times, Towns- hend M. Hall on the method of forming the, 1869, 134 * - flakes from Cornwall and the Sc illy Isles, Dr. Barham on, 1877, 114 - hammer from the western coast of New Guinea, exhibition and explana- t ion of the uses of a, by Prof. Rolleston, 1877, 121 GENERAL INDEX 153 Flint implement station, Lieut. C. Cooper King on the discover}7 of a, at Wishmoor Bottom, near Sandhurst, 1872, 190 - implement found on Torre-Abbey sands, Torbay, W. Pengelly on a, 1883, 564 - and stone-implement periods in England, J. W. Flower on the relative ages of the, 1871, 150 - implements from Abbeville and Amiens, Dr. Daubeny on, 1862, 71 *- - - implements from Amiens, Rev. T. G. Bonney on some, 1862, 70 — — implements found in a cave called 4 The Oyle,’ near Tenby, South Wales, Rev. Gilbert N. Smith on, 1862, 95 - implements at St. Acheul, Professor Phillips on the deposit of the gravel, sand, and loam with, 1863, 85 - - implements in the Gravel of the Little Ouse Valley, Henry Brigg, jun., on the occurrence of, 1866, 50 - implements of the Palaeolithic type in the Gravel of the Thames Valley at Acton and Ealing, Col. A. Lane Fox on the discovery of, 1869, 130 * - implements of the first Stone Age found in the Drift, D. Mitchell on, 1869, 69 * - implements, the Abbe Richard on the discovery of, in Egypt, at Mount Sinai, at Galgala, and in Joshua’s tomb, 1871, 160 - implements from South Africa, exhibited by the Rev. H. H. Winwood, 1872, 198 - — -- implements, Prof. T. Rupert Jones on some bones and other, from the caves of Perigord, France, bearing marks indicative of ownership, tally¬ ing, or gambling, 1872, 189 * - implements, R. Edwards on recent discoveries of, in Drift-Gravels in Mid¬ dlesex, Essex, and Berks, 1875, 173 - implements in Egypt and Midian, Capt. Burton on, 1878, *581, 630 - implements from the valley of the Bann, W. J. Knowles on, 1879, 389 - implements, the discovery of, in stratified Gravel in the Nile Valley, near Thebes, Major-Gen. Pitt-Rivers on, 1881, 693 - instruments from St. Acheul, Antonio Brady on, 1861, no * - instruments from North Devon, Rev. J. Dingle on specimens of, 1862, 72 * - instruments from Hoxne, Mr. Doughty on, 1862, 72 - instruments, small, found beneath peat on the Pennine chain, an account of, by R. Law and J. Horsfall, 1884, 924 Flint knappers’ art in Albania, A. J. Evans on the, 1885, 1216 - - workers, the British, at Brandon, J. P. Harrison on, 1880, 626 Flints of Pressigny le Grand, J. Evans on the worked, 1865, 120 ; Prof. Steen- strup and Sir J. Lubbock on the, 129 - the discovery of certain pockets- of chipped, beneath the peat on the Yorkshire moors, near Plalifax, J. W. Davis on, 1879, 395 - chipped, natural and artificial, T„ McK. Hughes on, 1872, 189 - — - and flakes in Devon and Cornwall, N. Whitley on the distribution of, 1869, 103 - the formation of, Prof. W. J. Sollas- on, 1882, 549 - — - found in the caves at Mentone and the adjacent railway-cutting, M. Mog- gridge on the bones and, 1871, 155 - found in a cave at Oban, Prof. W. Turner on human and animal bones and, 1871, 160 * - - rudely worked, in the counties of Antrim and Down, W. Gray on the character and distribution of, 1874, 153 Flintshire, the Mountain Limestone of, G. H. Morton on, 1870, 82 Floating forts, the defence of Liverpool by, S. J. Mackie on, 1870, 219 Flood levels and river volumes, records of, C. E. De Ranee on, 1889, 748 — regulators, J. Dillon on, 1884, 896 - waters of rivers, J. Neville on movable and fixed weirs, with reference to the improvement of the navigation, mill power, and drainage of, with especial notice of the River Shannon, 1878, 691 Floods, J. C. Brown on South African tor¬ rential, 1875, 190 Flora of the Bahamas , report on the , 1888,361 - of Banffshire, Rev. W. S. Bruce on the, 1885, 1087 * - of the environs of Bradford, Dr. Willis on the, 1873, 106 - — - of Caithness, J. F. Grant on the, 1885, 1063 — —of the Carboniferous rochs of Lanca¬ shire and West Yorkshire, report on the, 1888, 150; 1889, 69 * - of Ceylon, Dr. Trimen on the, 1886, 688 - of China, report on our present knowledge of the, 1887, 94 ; 1888, 420; 1889, 112 — — of Elgin, J. Mackenzie on the, 1885, 1087 - of Greenland, Dr. R. Brown on the, 1871, 128 - of the 1 Halifax Hard Bed,' Lower 154 GENERAL INDEX. Coal Measures, report on the , 1882, 267; 1883, 160; 1887,235 Flora of Madagascar, Rev. R. Baron on the, 1888, 724 - of Manchester, L. II. Grindon on the, 1861, 145 - — — of the Mascarene Islands, I. B. Bal¬ four on the geological structure and, 1875, 157 - of Moab, A. W. Hayne on the, 1872, 128 - of New Zealand, Dr. W. Lauder Lindsay on the relations of the south¬ ern to the northern, 1865, 82 - North American , Prof. Asa Gray on the characteristics of the , 1881, 555 * - North European, in the west of Ireland, H. Hennessy on the probable cause of the existence of a, 1866, 74 - of North Greenland, Prof. Oswald Heer on the Miocene, 1866, 53 - of the north of Ireland, Dr. Dickie's brief summary of a report on the, 1861, 240 - Scottish, Prof. Balfour on the oc¬ currence of Hieracium collinum (Fries), with remarks on some recent additions to the, 1868, 89 - - - of Skye, Prof. M. A. Lawson on the, 1868, 103 - of the Strait of Magellan and west coast of Patagonia, Dr. R. 0. Cunning¬ ham on the, 1869, 112 - of Sussex, W. B. Hemsley on a summary analysis of the, 1872, 128 - of Victoria Park, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, the, by J. H. Panton, 1890, 871 - - - and fauna of the south coast of Devon and Cornwall, report on the, 1865, 51; 1867,275; 1869, 84; 1872,48 - and fauna of the Ashton-under- Lyne district, the, by J. R. Byrom, 1883, 541 - and fauna of the? Cameroons moun¬ tain, report on the, 1887, 73 - — - and fauna qf prehistoric times, Prof. G. Rollestoh-eh the, 1877, 120 * - and fauna of the Seychelle group of islands, Prof. E. P. Wright on the, 1868, hi *Floral contrivances in the genus The- sium, Miss Ewart on, 1889, 649 Floras of North-west America, Dr. R. Brown on the geographical distribution of the, 1871, 128 - - the more ancient land, of the Old and New Worlds, Sir W. Dawson on, I88L738 * - insular, results of the investigations of, W. B. Hemsley on the, 1884, 772 Floridete, protoplasmic continuity in the, T. Hick on, r883, 547 ‘Plots,’ J. R. Dakyns on, 1881, 634 Flow of liquids through small orifices at high velocities, Col. H. Clerk on the hydraulic buffer and experiment on the, 1869, 209 - of water through orifices, improved investigations on the, by Prof. J. Thom¬ son, 1876, 243 - of water in uniform regime in rivers and in open channels generally, Prof. J. Thomson on the, 1878, 434 *Flower (J. W.) on a Kjokkenmodding in the island of Herm, 1866, 96 - on the relative ages of the flint- and stone-implement periods in England, 1871, 150 - (Prof. W. H.) on the homologies and notation of the teeth of Mammalia, 1868, 1 1 5 - on the connection of the hyoid arch with the cranium, 1870, 136; on the correspondence between the an¬ terior and the posterior extremity, and the modifications of the limbs in the higher Vertebrata, 137 - - on physiological experimentation, 1871, 144 ( see 1870, lxii.) - on the composition of the carpus of adog, 1871, 138 - on terato-embryological inquiries, 1872, 334 — — on the arrangement and nomencla¬ ture of the lobes of the liver in Mam¬ malia, 1872, 150 — — - on science-lectures and organisation , 1873, 495 - on the work of the Anthropometric Committee, 1878, 152 - Address to the Biological Sec¬ tion, 1878, 549; methods and results of measurements of the capacity of the human crania, 581 - on the natural history of Socotra, 1879,210 - - Address to the Department of Anthropology, 1881, 682 - on obtaining photographs of the typical races in the British Isles, 1882, 270 - on the facial characteristics of the races and principal crosses in the Bri¬ tish Isles, 1883, 306 ; 1884, 294 - on the preparation of a new edition of ‘ Anthropological Notes and Queries ,’ 1887, 172; 1889, 186; 1890, 547; on racial photographs from ancient Egyp¬ tian pictures and sculptures, 1887, 439 - on the desirability of further research in the Antarctic regions , 1888, 316; on the present state of our knowledge of the zoology and botany of the West India islands, and on the steps taken to investigate ascertained defi¬ ciencies in the fauna and f ora, 1888, 437 ; 1889, 93 ; 1890, 547 GENERAL INDEX 155 Flower (Prof. W. H.), Presidential Address to the Association at Newcastle- upon- Tyne, 1889, 3 [Sir W. H.] on the occupation of a table at the laboratory of the Marine Biological Association at Plymouth, 1890, 444 ; on the natives of India, 547 Flowering plants, the classification of, considered phytogenetically, Prof. W. R. M‘Nab on, 1877, 104 - the colours of spring, A. W. Bennett on, 1881, 666 — the fertilisation of, A. W. Bennett on the form of pollen-grains in relation to, 1874, 133 - — — nectar of various, A. S. Wilson on the amount of sugar in the, 1878, 567 Floyer (E. A.) on Bashakard in Western Baluchistan, 1877, 143 - between the Nile and the Red Sea, 1887, 801 Fluid friction, W. Froude on some diffi¬ culties in the received view of, 1869, 2 1 1 t - stream, Lord Rayleigh on the forces experienced b}r a lamina immersed ob¬ liquely in a, 1876, 31 Fluids, Dr. Joule and Prof. W. Thomson on the thermal effects of elastic, 1861, 83 * - the passage of, through capillary and other tubes, Prof. F. Guthrie and Dr. F. Guthrie on, 1876, 31 Flukes from the Indian elephant, Dr. T. S. Cobbold on, 1868, 113 Fluor spar, the use of, in optical instru¬ ments, Prof. S. P. Thompson on, 1890, 759 Fluorbenzene and allied compounds, the refraction and dispersion of, Dr. J. H. Gladstone and G. Gladstone on, 1890, 772 Fluorescence, Dr. Esselbacli on the dura¬ tion of, 1862, 22 Fluorescent substances, exhibition of photographs of , by Dr. J. H. Gladstone, 1873, 38 Fluorine, Walter Weldon on a proposed use of, in the manufacture of soda. 1866, 45 - the refraction of, G. Gladstone on, 1885, 970 * - and phosphorus, Prof. T. E. Thorpe on a new gaseous compound of, 1875, 45 Flux and reflux of water in open channels or in pipes or other ducts, Prof. J. Thomson on, 1888, 574 Flyingfish ( Exoccetus ), Dr. Collingwood on the habits of, 1867, 80 Fly-trap ( Dioncea muscipula), researches on the electrical phenomena consequent on irritation of the leaves of the, Prof. Burdon Sanderson on, 1873, 133; *1876, 163 *Focal lines, Prof. J. D. Everett on, 1872, 36 Foetus in the Vertebrata, Prof. Macdonald on the development of the vascular system of the, 1865, 108 Fog, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on the distribu¬ tion of, round the coasts of the British Islands, 1862, 31 ; 1863, 21 ; 1869, 57 Fog-signals, report on the present state of our knowledge respecting the transmis¬ sion of sound-signals during fogs at sea, by II. Hennessy, 1861, 173 - report of the Committee on, 1863, 105 - a short description of two kinds of, by J. R. Wigham, 1878, 437 Fonvielle (W. de) on the advantages of keeping records of physical phenomena connected with thunder-storms, 1872, 55 * - on an electro-magnetic gyroscope, 1880, 500 - discussion on lightning-conductors, 1888, 607 Food as an aid to elementary education, G. H. Sargant on, 1887, 851 - - animal, whether a diet of, conduces to leanness, Dr. John Davy on the question, 1865, 104 * - composition of certain kinds of, W. J. Cooper on the, 1874, 57 * — — fat and sugar as, Dr. Thomas Hayden on the relative and special ap ■ plications of, 1864, 124 * - influence of, and the methods of supplying it to plants and animals, Prof. P. Redfern on the, 1874, 143 - preserving, by muriatic acid, Rev. H. Highton on a method of, 1871, 73 - - plants used by the North American Indians, Prof. G. Lawson on, 1884, 918 Food-fishes, the development of the, at St. Andrews’ marine laboratory, E. E. Prince on, 1885, 1091 - - and invertebrates, report of the Committee for continuing the researches on, at the St. Andrews' marine labora¬ tory, 1886, 268 ; 1888, 141 Foods, Dr. Edward Smith on the, used by the free and jail populations of India , 1863, 176 * - Dr. E. Smith on the economic and nutritive value of preserved, 1872, 227 . - and dietaries, Dr. Edward Smith on the best method of estimating the nutritive values of, 1864, 128 Foord (A. H.) on the genus Piloceras, Salter, as elucidated by examples latety discovered in North America and in Scotland, 1887, 717 Foot (F. J.) on the geology of Barren, co. Clare, 1862, 72 ; on a botanical chart of the barony of Burren, co. Clare, 98 Foot and mouth disease of cattle ; its true history and remedy, Rev. Dr. Ace on the, 1883, 620 156 GENERAL INDEX. Foot-clothing, James Dowie on the loss of muscular power arising from the ordinary, now worn, and on the means required to obviate this loss, 1862, 125 Foot of birds, P. M. C. Kermode on the, 1881, 670 Foote (R. B.) on the occurrence of stone implements in the coast laterite, south of Madras, and in High-Level Gravels and other formations in the South Mahratta country, 1880, 589 Footprints on the Lower Carboniferous sandstones of Northumberland near Otterburn, notes on the numerous newly discovered fossil, by Aid. T. P. Barkas, 1889, 565 *F oraminif era, Dr. Fritsch on some models of, 1862, 72 - Prof. T. R. Jones and W. K. Parker on some fossil and recent, collected in Jamaica by the late Lucas Barrett, 1863, 80, 105 - new to the British fauna, Henry B. Brady on, 1863, 100 - - of the Middle and Upper Lias of Somersetshire, Henry B. Brady on the, 1864, 50 - Edward Waller on the, dredged off the Shetland Isles, 1867, 441 ; 1868, 340 - of mineral veins, Henry B. Brady on the, 1869, 381 - brackish-water, H. B. Brady on, 1870, 1 1 3 - H. B. Brady on Archrediscus Karreri, a new type of Carboniferous, 1873, 76 * - collected in the ‘Valorous ’ expedi¬ tion, Dr. W. B. Carpenter on the arenaceous, 1876, 146 Forbes (A.), how its fiscal policy may affect the prosperity of a nation, 1885, 1169 - - (David) on some minerals from South America, 1865, 29 : on the colour of gold as seen by transmitted light, 30 ; on the existence of gold-bearing eruptive rocks in South America, which have made their appearance at two very distinct geological periods, 52 ; on the igneous rocks of South Staffordshire, 53 — - on standards of electrical resistance, 1867,474; I869/434 - on the chemical nature of cast iron, 1869, 82; 1870, 13 - on the utilisation of sewage, with special reference to the phosphate imocess, 1870, 56 - - (George) on the meteor shower of August 1867, 1867, 20 - on the meteor shower of August 1868, 1868, 13 - on astronomical refraction, 1872, 36 - on earthquakes in Scotland, 1873, 194; 1874, 241 ; 1875, 64; 1876, 74 * - on certain connections between the molecular properties of metals, 1873, 29 ; *on irradiation, 38 ; *on thermal conductivity, 40 Forbes (George) on observations of lu¬ minous meteors, 1874, 269; 1875, 199: 1876, 1 19; 1877, 98; 1878, 258; 1879, 76 ; 1880, 39 * - on the site of the grave of Genghiz Khan, 1876, 182 - on arrangements for taking certain observations in India, and observations on atmospheric electricity at Madeira, 1878, 103 ; 1879, 63 - on a diagonal eyepiece for certain optical experiments, 1878, 449; on a clock with detached train, ib. ; on an instrument for indicating and measur¬ ing the fire-damp in mines, ib. ; on the mutual action of vortex atoms and ultramundane corpuscles, 498 - on improvements in astronomical clocks, *1879, 131 ; 1880, 56; on an in¬ strument for detecting fire-damp in mines, 1879, 131 - *011 an instrument for determining the sensible warmth of air, 1879, 277 ; on the bursting of firearms when the muzzle is closed with snow, earth, &c., 283 ; *on an electrical gyrostat, 290 - on the measurement of the lunar dis¬ turbance of gravity, 1880, 25; I88L93; 1882, 95 - on the velocity of white and coloured light, 1882, 441 ; on a new form of arc lamp, 668 ; on the laws defining the strength of current which can be sent through wires of different diameters ■without raising the external tempera¬ ture above a certain limit, ib. - *on the velocity of light of different colours, 1884, 653; *on the heating of conductors by electric currents, 894 - on standards of white light, 1885, 61; 1886, 39; 18S7, 47; 1388, 39 - *thermopile and galvanometer com¬ bined, 1886, 527; on magnetic hyste¬ resis, 550 ; dynamos for electro-metal¬ lurgy, 815 - on an electric current meter, 1887, 564 - underground conductors for electric lighting, &c., 1887, 875 - discussion on lightning conduct or sT 1888, 607 - electric lighting in America, 188S, S13 - electric launches on the Thames, 1889, 741 - and W. H. Preece, a new thermo- metric scale, 1889, 514 - (H. O.) on the Koeboes and other tribes of Sumatra, and on some cus¬ toms prevalent among the inhabitants of Timor, 1883, 565 GENERAL INDEX. 157 Forbes (Mr.) on our 'present knowledge of the fora of China, 1887, 94 ; 1888, 420; 1889, 1 12 - (Principal J. D.), experimental in¬ quiry into the laws of the conduction of heat in bars, and into the conducting- power of wrought iron, 1865, 12 - on the rate of increase of under¬ ground temperature , 1868, 510 - report of the Committee for repeating the experiments of, on the thermal con¬ ductivity of metals, 1869, 175 > 1871, 97 * - (Dr. L.) on the Samoan archipelago, 1876, 183 ' - the geography and meteorology of Kansas, 1882, 625 - notes on the territory of Arizona, 1883, 590 - on the anatomy and classification of the petrels, based upon those collected by H.M.S. ‘Challenger,’ 1881, 671 ; on a little-known cranial difference be¬ tween the catarrhine and platyrrhine monkeys, 718; observations on the incubation of the Indian python ( Pgthon molurus), 723 Force, J. S. Stuart Glennie on the appli¬ cation of the principle of the conserva¬ tion of, to the mechanical explanation of the correlation of forces, 1861, 26 - and energy, Prof. Everett on units of, 1871, 29 Forced draught, J. R. Fothergill on, 1886, 805 Forces directed towards fixed, or movable, centres, the condition which must be fulfilled by any number of, in order that any given curve should be de¬ scribed freely by a particle acted on by these forces simultaneously, A. H. Curtis on, and an analogous problem, 1879, 290 *Ford (P. H.), the Transvaal, or South African Republic, 1888, 745 - (W. C.), the public land policy of the United States, 1886, 761 Fordham (H. G.) on local scientific so¬ cieties, 1883, 318 - on a boulder from the Chloritic Marl of Ashwell, Herts, 1883, 505 - on the erratic blocks of England, Wales, and Ireland, 1881, 204 ; 1882, 243; 1883, 136; 1884,219; 1885,322; 1886, 223; 1887, 236; 1888, 101 - on the work of the Corresponding Societies Committee , 1885, 708 ; 1887, 459; 1888, 255 - on the provincial museums of the United Kingdom, 1887, 97; 1888, 124 Foreigners, Prof. Levi on the number and occupations of, in England, 1864, 169 Forest conservancy, Dr. Hugh Cleghorn on the distribution of the principal timber-trees of India, and the progress of, 1868, 91 * Forest management, the future policy of, in the United States, F. B. Hough on the, 1884, 861 - School, Major F. Bailey on the Indian, 1885, 1104 - Survey, Major F. Bailey on the Indian, 1885, 1121 - trees, Canadian, the distribution of, A. T. Drummond on, 1884, 855 - trees, is lichen-growth detrimental to? Dr. W. L. Lindsay on, 1867, 87 Forestry, W. Botly on, 1.883, 621 * - Dr. J. B. Hurlbert on, 1884, 872 - Exhibition, the International, Dr. C. Brown on, 1885, 1164 - of the United States, A. S. Bick- more on the Jessop Collection, to illus¬ trate the, in the New York Natural History Museum, 1884, 778 Forests of Canada, Dr. R. Bell on the, 1884, 856 - Dr. J. B. Hurlbert on the, 1884, 872 - conservation of, in our colonies, Dr. W. Lauder Lindsay on the, 1867, 85 - to hydrology, G. Lemoine on the relation of, 1872, 210 - in India, Dr. Brandis on the geo¬ graphical distribution of, 1872, 205 - the influence of, on the rainfall , 1873, 488' - their value meteorologically and as national reserves, G. P. Hughes on, 1884, 860 *Forging, heavy, Lieut.-Col. Clay on ap¬ pliances for the production of, 1870, 211 Formic acid, the secretion of pure aqueous, by lepidopterous larvae for the purpose of defence, E. B. Poulton on, 1887, 765 * - A. R. Catton on the synthesis of, 1867, 32 ^Formosa, the ethnology of the island of, R. Swinhoe on, 1863, 192 - II. Swinhoe on the aborigines of, 1865, 129 - Dr. Collingwood on a boat-journev across the north end of, from Tam-suy to Kelung, 1867, 1 13 - islands round the north of, Dr. Col¬ lingwood on the geology of, 1867, 58 - W. Hancock on North, 1883, 597 f — A. R. Colquhoun on, 1887, 805 t - characteristic traits of the island and its aboriginal inhabitants, G. Taylor on, 1888, 747 fFORREST (J.), on Western Australia, 1887, 803 *Forster (W.) on Australian autoch- thony, 1880, 620 - (Right Hon. W. E.), Address to the Section of Economic Science and Statistics, 1873, 174 158 GENERAL INDEX. Forsyth (Prof. A. R.) on an approximate expression for x !, 1883, 407 ; on a generalised hypergeometric series, 408 — — - foil the history of Pfaff’s problem, 1890, 743 ; *on systems of simultaneous linear differential equations, 745 _ — _ (T. D.) on trade-routes between Northern India and Central Asia, 1869, 161 - on Eastern Turkestan, 1870, 169 Fort-William, Inverness-shire, J. Gwyn Jeffreys on an ancient sea-bed beach near, 1862, 73 Fortescue (Earl) on a uniformity of weights and measures , 1865, 375 ; 1867, 468 - Address to the Section of Eco¬ nomic Science and Statistics, 1877, 15 1 Forth Bridge , B. Baker on the , 1882, 419 * - B. Baker on the, 1834, 884 - electric lighting at, J. N. Shool- hred on, 1885, 879 - works, A. S. Biggart on the, 1885, 873 - works, A. S. Biggart on the, 1887, 870 Forwood (W. B.) on the influence of price upon the cultivation and con¬ sumption of cotton during the past ten years, 1870, 191 Fossil Crustacea, fossil Phyllopoda, &cc. See Crustacea, Phyllopoda, &c. ■ - animals, Prof. A. Gaudry on the, from Mount Leberon (Vaucluse), 1872, 102 — — Arctic plants from the lacustrine deposit at Hoxne, in Suffolk, by C. Eeid and H. N. Ridley, 1888, 674 - Brachiopoda, British, J. Logan Lobley on the range and distribution, of the, 1868, 71 - chip, Prof. Nicholson on a silicified forest in the Rocky Mountains, with an account of a supposed, 1872, 192 - Ashes, a discovery of, in the New Red Sandstone of Nottingham, E. Wil¬ son on, 1881, 637 - fishes of Cornwall, C. W. Peach on the, 1868, 76 - fishes, new and remarkable, the recent discovery of, in the Carbonifer¬ ous and Devonian rocks of Ohio and Indiana, Prof. J. S. Newberry on, 1884, 724 - fishes of Chiavon, Vicentino (stratum of Sotzka, Lower Miocene), notes of some researches on the, by Prof. F. Bassani, 1888, 675 - mussel-shell found in the Drift in Ireland, E. A. Conwell on a, 1869, 87 - plants of the Post-pliocene deposits of Canada, Principal J. W. Dawson on the, 1865, 50 * Fossil plants, Prof. Goppert on the inap¬ plicability of, to support the theory of gradual transformation, 1868, 65 - plants of the Coal-measures, Prof. W. C. Williamson on the classification of the vascular Cryptogamia, as affected by recent discoveries amongst the, 1871, 131 - plants of the Tertiary and. Secondary beds of the United Kingdom, report on the, 1885, 396; 1886, 241 ; 1887, 229 - plants of the Coal-measures , report on the present state of the inquiry into the organisation of the, 1889, 69 . - seeds, some, from the Lower Carbo¬ niferous beds of Lancashire, Prof. W. C. Williamson on, 1875, 159 - - - stem from the Halifax Coal-mea¬ sures, T. Hick and W. Cash on a, 1881, 679 * - tree from the Upper Silurian of Ohio, E. W. Claypole on a, 1879, 343 - tree, a large, in the Lower Coal- measures at Clayton, near Bradford, notes on the discovery of, by S. A. Adamson, 1886, 628 - whale, Dr. E. Crisp on the skeleton of a, recently exhumed on the eastern coast of Suffolk, 1868 61 Fossiliferous Bunter pebbles, contained in the Drift at Moseley, &c., A. T. Evans on the, 1886, 627 - strata, Dr. Grieve on the, at Loch- end, near Edinburgh, 1871, 98 *Fossilisation, Dr. W. B. Carpenter on the replacement of organic matter by siliceous deposits in the process of, 1874, 56 Fossils of the Boulder-Clay in Caithness, C. W. Peach on the, 1862, 83 - in the British Isles, report on the best methods for the registration of all type specimens of, 1890, 339 - in the Cambrian rocks, H. Hicks on some recent discoveries of, 1868, 68 - in the Crystalline Schists of the Lepontine Alps, the alleged occurrence of, preliminary note on, by Prof. T. G. Bonney, 1889, 571 - - - found in a bed of Devonian rocks at Saltern Cove, in Torbay, and in a quarry of the Old Red Sandstone, near Caerleon, in Monmouthshire, J. E. Lee on, 1879, 332 * - from the Durine Limestone, N.-W. Sutherland, Dr. Bryce on certain, 1871, 94 - Irish, some new species of, W. H. Baily on, 1878, 535 - from the Longmynd rocks of Sweden, Prof. Otto Torrell on some new, 1868, 80 - from North-western Scotland , report of the committee appointed to collect , GENERAL INDEX. 159 1872, 238; 1873, 412; 1871,74 5 1878, 130 Fossils from the Northampton Sands, J. Evans on some, 1878, 534 - from the Old Red Sandstone of Kil- torcan Hill, co. Kilkenny, W. Hellier Baily on some, 1868, 58 - of the Post-tertiary deposits of Ire¬ land, Rev. Dr. Grainger on the, 1874, 73 - from the railway section at Huyton, remarks on the, by W. Carruthers, 1870, 71 Foster (A. Le Neve) on the determina¬ tion of a gauge for the manufacture of various small screws, 1882, 31 1; 1883, 318 ; 1884, 287 - (Dr. B. W.) on an addition to the sphygmograph, 1866, 91 ; on a peculiar change of colour in a mulatto, ib. . - (Dr. C. Le Neve) on a curious lode or mineral vein at New Rosewarne Mine, Gwinear, Cornwall, 1866, 52 - on the Perseberg iron mines, Sweden, 1867, 60; on Bergstroem’s boring machine used at the Perseberg mines, Sweden, 154 - on the occurrence of the mineral scheelite (tungstate of lime) at Yal Toppa Goldmine, near Domodossola, Piedmont, 1869, 88 - on the existence of Sir Walter Raleigh’s El Dorado, 1869, 162 - on the ‘ duty ’ of Arrastres in reduc¬ ing gold ore in Italy, 1873, 214 - on the deposit of tin-ore at Park of Mines, St. Columb, Cornwall, 1875, 64 - on underground temperature, 1875, 156; 1876,204; 1877,194; 1878,178; 1879, 40; 1880, 26; 1881, 90; 1882, 7 2; 1883,45; 1885, 93; 1889, 35 - on some of the stockworks of Corn¬ wall, 1877, 70 ; on some tin-mines in the parish of Wendron, Cornwall, ib. ; on the great flat lode south of Redruth and Camborne, 7 1 ■ . ■ What is a mineral vein or lode ? 1884, 732 ; on the relative dangers of coal and metal mining in the United Kingdom, 868 - on manganese mining in Merioneth¬ shire, 1886, 665 - - (Dr. F. M.) on the discovery of ancient trees below the surface of the land at the western dock now under construction at Hull, 1866, 52 - - - (G. Carey) on piperic and hydropi- peric acids, 1861, 78 - [Prof. G. C.] on standards of elec¬ trical resistance , 1867, 474; 1869, 434; 1870, 14 - on some lecture experiments in electricity, 1869, 46 - on dynamical and electrical units, 1873, 222 ; 1874, 355 ; on science-lec¬ tures and organisation, 1873, 495, 507 Foster (Prof. G. C.) on the teaching of physics in schools, 1874, 71; on Mr. Siemens' pyrometer, 242 - — - geometrical illustrations of Ohm’s law, 1874, 28; ^suggestions for a redetermination of the absolute elec¬ tromagnetic units of resistance and of electromotive force, 30 - Address to the Mathematical and Physical Section, 1877, 1 ; *on the mode of stating some elementary facts in electricity, 34 - on the progress of the chief branches of mathematics and physics, 1879, 37 - fixing a standard of white light, 1880, 1 19; 1881, 126; 1882, 38; i883, 83, 127; 1885, 61; 1886, 39; 1887, 47; 1888, 39 . - on the present state of our know¬ ledge of spectrum analysis, 1880, 258 ; 1881,317; 1882, 120; 1884,295 - on standards for use in electrical measurements, 1881, 423, 426 ; 1882, 70; 1883, 41; 1884, 29; 1885, 31; 1886, 145; 1887, 206; 1888, 55; 1889, 41 ; 1890, 95 - on the workings of the proposed, re¬ vised New Code, and of other legislation affecting the teaching of science in ele¬ mentary schools, 1882, 307 ; 1883, 309 - on electrolysis in its physical and chemical bearings, 1886, 308 ; 1887, 336; 1888, 339; 1889, 223; 1890, 138 - on the desirability of introducing a uniform nomenclature for the fun¬ damental units of mechanics, 1888, 27 - and A. Matthiessen on the con¬ stitution and rational formula of nar¬ cotine, 1863, 46 * - (Dr. Michael) on the pericardial fluid, 1865, 1 9 1 - [Prof. Michael] on ter at-o- embryo - logical inquiries, 1872, 334 — — - on the zoological station at Naples, 1875, 18; 1877, 228; 1878, 149; 1879, 165; 1880, 161; 1881,178; 1882,288; 1883, 234; 1884, 252; 1885, 4 66; 1886,254; 1887, 77; 1888, 150; 1889, 95 ; 1890, 449 * - on the influence of bodily exercise on the elimination of nitrogen, 1880, 159 ; 1882, 288 ; 1883, 242 ; 1884, 265 — — on the Scottish zoological station , 1881, 177 ; 1882, 282; 1883, 233 * - on the physical and physiological theories of colour- vision, 1886, 526 - on arrangements for assisting the Marine Biological Association labora¬ tory at Plymouth, 1887, 59; 1888, 94 ; 1890, 444 - on the steps taken for establishing a 160 GENERAL INDEX. botanical station at Peradeniya, Cey¬ lon, 1887, 96; 1888, 421; 1889, 114; 1890, 470 Foster (Prof. Michael) on the physiology of the lymphatic system, 1887, 145 ; 1888, 363; 1889, 128 - - discussion on the chemical problems presented by living bodies, opened by, 1888, 630 - - on the steps taken for investigating the natural history of the Friendly Islands, or other groups in the Pacific visited by H.M.S. 1 Egeria ,’ 1890, 113 - (P. Le Neve) on agricultural machinery , 1869, 404 - on claims for reward for inventions adopted by Government, 1872, 243 - - (P. Le Neve, jun.) on the irrigation of Upper Lombardy by new canals to be derived from the Lakes Lugano and Maggiore, 1868, 190 - - description of the new branch canal leading from the Canal Cavour for irrigating the province of Lomellina, 1872, 243 * - on the irrigation of the Casale dis¬ trict, 1873, 214 * - on coal-mining in Itaty, 1874, 222 *Fothergill (B.)Bown’s tyre-fastening, 1863, 192 - (Dr. J. M.) on heart and brain, 1873, 127 - the effect of town life upon the human body, 1887, 900 - (J. R.) on forced draught, 1886, S05 Foula, G. A. Gibson, on the physical geology and geological structure of, 1876, 90 Fourier’s law of diffusion, five applica¬ tions of, illustrated by a diagram of curves with absolute numerical values, Prof. Sir W. Thomson on, 1888, 571 Foussereau (M.) and E. Bouty on the employment of alternating currents for measuring liquid resistances, 1886, 356 Fowler (Dr. G. H.) on some new types of madreporarian structure, 1887, 759 - on the development of the oviduct and connected structures in certain fresh-water Teleostei, 1888, 338; 1889, 95 - - (J.), Address to the Mechanical Section, 1882, 655 Fox (Col. A. Lane-) on the discovery of flint implements of Paleolithic type in the Gravel of the Thames Valley at Acton and Ealing, 1869, 130 - Address to the Department of Anthropology, 1872, 157 - on the preparation of brief forms of instructions for travellers , ethnologists, Jf’c., 1873, 482; 1874, 214; on science- lectures and organisation, 1873, 495, 507 *Fox (Col. A. Lane-) on recent investiga¬ tions in Cissbury Camp, Sussex, 1875, 173 - on the work of the Anthropometric Committee , 1876, 266 ; 1877, 231 ; 1878, 152; 1879, 175 - on some Saxon and British tumuli near Guildford, 1877, 116 - - on the examination of two caves near Tenby, 1879, 209 ; *on excava¬ tions at Mount Caburn, Lewes, Sussex, 1878, 580 - [Major-Gen. Lane-] on the explora¬ tion of certain caves in Borneo , 1879, 149 ; on excavations at Portstewart and elsewhere in the North of Ireland, 171 - for communications from 1880- 1890, see Pitt-Rivers - (C. D.) on the Mersey tunnel , 1883, 371 *- - (F.) on the Bristol joint station, 1875, 248 - (F. W.) on Indian railways and Indian finance, 1875, 209 - (H.) and A. Somervail on the occurrence of porphyritic structure in some rocks of the Lizard district, 1887, 708 - (H. C.) on synchronism of mean temperature and rainfall in the climate of London, 1879, 277 ; 1880, 493 - some laws which regulate the succession of mean temperature and rainfall in the climate of London, *1881, 544 ; 1885, 912 - (J. J.), Prof. P. F. Franklaxd, and G. C. Franklaxd, contributions to the study of pure fermentations, 1889, 544 - (Rev. W.) on a new Weald en Saurian named Polacanthus, 1865, 56 - - on the skull and bones of an Iguanodon, 1868, 64 - (W.) and J. A. Waxklyx on the constitution of the natural fats, 1883, 470 Fox-Straxgways (C.) on the circulation of underground waters, 1876, 95 Foxwell (Prof. H. S.) on the regulation of wages by means of sliding scales, 1886, 282 - - on the best methods of ascertaining and measuring valuations in the value of the monetary standard, 1887, 247 ; 1888, 181 ; 1889, 133 ; 1890, 485 ; on the regulation of wages by means of lists in the cotton industry, 1887, 303 - on the statistical data available for determining the amount of the precious metals in use as money, ffc., 1888, 219 ; 1889, 164 ; 1890, 498' * - the tendency of competition to result in monopoly, 1888, 762 Fraction, continued, J. W. L. Glaisher GENERAL INDEX. 161 on the calculation of e (the base of the Napierian logarithms) from a, 1871, 16 ^Fraction expansions for series, T. Muir on the relation between two continued, 1876, 28 Fractionation, chemical, W. Crookes on the methods of, 1886, 583 - - of yttria, W. Crookes on the, 1886, 587 ^Fractions, continued, Prof. H. J. S. Smith on, 1875, 21 *Fraipont (J.), systematique du genre Polygordius, 1885, 1098 France, Colonel Sykes on the report upon the state of the empire of, presented lo the senate and legislative body, February 1867, 1867, 145 - Prof. H. Coquand on the parallelism of the Cretaceous strata of England and the north of, with those of the west, south-west, and south of France and the north of Africa, 1868, 61 - the late inundations in. Dr. J. C. Brown on, 1875, 189 Francis (J. B.) on the temperature of the interior of a block of melting ice, 1884, 657 Francq’s (Leon) tireless locomotive, C. Bergeron on, 1879, 501 ^Frankincense plants. Dr. Birdwood on the geography of the, 1869, 159 Frankland (Prof. E.), report on the ap¬ plication of gun-cotton to warlike pur¬ poses, 1863, 63 ; 1865, 264 - on the constitution of the acids of the acetic, lactic, and acrylic series, 1865, 30 - on a uniformity of weights and measures, 1866, 352; 1867,468; 1868, 484; 1869, 308; 1870,232; 1871, 198; 1872, 25 ; 1874, 359 - Address to the Chemical Section, 1868, 31 ; on the combustion of gases under pressure, 37 - on the gases existing in solution in well-waters, 1869, 55 ; on the provision now existing in the United Kingdom for the vigorous prosecution of physical research, 213 - on the publication of abstracts of chemical papers, 1871, 59; 1873, 451 ; 1875, 184 - on chemical nomenclature, 1883, 127 ; 1884, 39 ; 1885, 262 - on the chemical aspect of the storage of power, 1884, 673 ; chemical changes in their relations to micro¬ organisms, 681 - on electrolysis in its physical and chemical bearings, 1886, 308; 1887, 336 ; 1888, 339 ; 1889, 223 ; 1890, 138 — — on forming a uniform system of recording the results of water analysis, 1889, 55 Frankland (Grace C.), Prof. P. F. Frankland, and J. J. Fox on the study of pure fermentations, 1889, 544 - (Dr. P. F.), the multiplication and vitality of certain micro-organisms, pathogenic and otherwise, 1886, 702 ; the distribution of micro-organisms in the air of town, country, and buildings, 704 - [Prof. P. F.] on forming a uniform system of recording the results of water analysis, 1889, 55 - (Dr. P. F. and Mrs.), studies on some new micro-organisms obtained from air, 1887, 745 Franks (A. W.) on anthropological notes and queries for the use of travellers, 1873, 482 ; 1874, 214 - on the exploration of certain caves in Borneo, 1879, 149 Fraser (Dr. A.) on the early develop¬ ment of certain rodents, 1882, 574 - [Prof A.] on photography as an aid inanatomical, histological, and embryo- logical work, 1889, 639 ; on a new method of illustrating the topography of the brain in relation to the external surface of the head, 794 - (Rev. J. E.), notes on the spawning of the Anguilke, 1890, 866 - (Dr. John) on a moss, Amblystegium confervoides , new to Britain, 1867, 82 — - — - on a new British moss, Hypnum Bambergeri, 1868, 96 - - - (Dr. P.), archaean characters of the rocks of the nucleal ranges of the Antilles, 1888, 654 ; on a specimen of quartz from Australia and three speci¬ mens of oligoclase from North Carolina exhibiting curious optical properties, 655 - (Dr. T. R.) on the action of mercury on the secretion of bile, 1868, 187 - on the connection between chemical constitution and physiological action, 1869, 209 - on the antagonism between the action of active substances, 1872, 124 - - - on the physiological action of crystalline aconitia and pseudo- aconitia, 1873, 128 - (Dr. W.) on natural co-ordination, as evinced in organic evolution, 1884,, 772 Frasil ice, the formation of, G. H. Hen- shaw on, 1884, 644 Fratercula arctica , note on a point in the structure of, by F. E. Beddard, 1887,, 77 1 Fream (Prof. W.), the position and prospects of British agriculture, 1884v 847 M 162 GENERAL INDEX. Fream (Prof. W.), the agricultural situa¬ tion, 1885. 1 161 - colonial agriculture and its influence on British farming, 1886, 758 - on the gramineous herbage of water meadows, 1887, 744 ; on the Hessian fly, or American wheat-midge, Ceci- domyia destructor, Say, and its appear¬ ance in Britain, 767 ; preventable losses in agriculture, 834 - on the effects of root-section on the vitality of pasture plants, 1889, 648 ; on the methods of forecasting the yield of crops, 703 Frean (George) on the use of milk and Scotch barley as an article of diet, 1861, 122 Free paths, ray-curvatures, and brachis¬ tochrones, Prof. J. D. Everett on the relations between, 1889, 498 - public libraries of Manchester and Notting Hill, London, J. Heywood on the, 1881, 762 - public library, Notting Hill, the sta¬ tistics of the, J. Heywood on, 1883, 604 * - libraries, Prof. L. Levi on, 1883, 605 * - trade in labour, D. A. Spalding on, 1875, 220 - trade, and protection, the battle between, in Australia, W. Westgarth on, 1887, 833 ^Freeholds, the compulsory conversion of substantial leaseholds in towns into, Dr. De Meschin on, 1870, 196 *Freeman (Archdeacon) on man and the animals, being a counter theory to Mr. Darwin’s as to the origin of species, 1869, 132 - (R. A.), journeys in Ashanti and neighbouring regions, 1890, 892 Freezing as an aid to the sinking of foundations, by 0. Reichenbach, 1886, 799 Freezing-points of solutions, an apparatus for the determination of, P. J. Hartog and J. A. Harker on, 1890, 779 Freight as affected by size and other dynamic 'properties of steamships , Charles Atherton on, 1861, 82 *Freke (H.), a tabular view of the re¬ lation which subsists between the three kingdoms of nature with regard to organisation, 1862, 195 *Fremantle, Australia, the tides of, Capt. Evans and Sir W. Thomson on, 1877, 40 French and English peoples, Dr. T. Nicholas on the ethnological affinities of the, 1872, 191 French (A.) on lead fume, with a de¬ scription of a new process of fume condensing, 1879, 301 Frere (Sir Bartle), Address to f e Geo¬ graphical Section, 1869, 152; on the Runn of Cutch and the countries be¬ tween Rajpootana and Sind, 163 Frescoes in the Houses of Parliament, William Poole King on the premature decay of the, its cause and remedy, 1864, 32 *Freshfield (D. W.), notes on recent mountaineering in the Himalaya, 1885, 1127 * - on the place of geography in na¬ tional education, 1886, 729 Freshwater deposits of the valley of the river Lea, in Essex, H. Woodward on the, 1869, 103 Friction, Prof. W. J. M. Rankine on the theory of the influence of, upon the mechanical efficiency of steam, 1866, 147 - W. Froude on some difficulties in the received view of fluid, 1869, 21 1 — — - W. Froude on experiments on the surface, experienced by a plane moving through mater, 1872, 118 (see 1874, 249) - — - of water upon water at low ve¬ locities, a short account of some ex¬ periments made to determine the, by Rev. S. Haughton, 1879, 275 * - of journals, Prof. O. Reynolds on the, 1884, 895 - of metal coils , Prof, llele Sham and E. Sham on the, 1888, 540 *- - - of shot, Prof. O. Reynolds on the, as affected by different kinds of rifling, 1873, 216 - between surfaces moving at high velocities, general results of some re¬ cent experiments upon the co-efficient of, by Capt. D. Galton, 1878, 438, *697 - at high velocities, general results of experiments on, made in order to ascertain the effect of brakes on railway trains, Capt. D. Galtcn on, 1879, *283, 508 Frictional resistance of mater on a sur¬ face, report by W. Froude on the, 1874, 249 * - screw motions, G. Lauder on, 1870, 219 Friedel (Prof. C.) and Prof. J. M. Crafts on the decomposing action that chloride of aluminium exerts on hydrocarbons, 1883, 468 Friendly Islands, report on the steps taken for the investigation of the natural his¬ tory of the, or of other groups in the Pacific visited by H.M.S. ‘ Egeria 1889, 1 1 3 Friendly societies, notes on, by Rev. G. C. White, with special reference to lapses and malingering, 1884, 869 Frith of Forth, D. Milne Home on the old sea-cliffs and submerged banks of the, 1867, 61 GENERAL INDEX. 163 *Fritsch (Dr. A.) on some models of Foraminifera, 1862, 72 - - on Labyrinthodont remains from the Upper Carboniferous (gas-coal) of Bohemia, 1876, 89 - on the Permian fauna of Bohemia, 1887, 716 - restorations of the Palaeozoic elasmo- branch genera Pleuracanthus and Xenacanthus , 1890, 822 *Fritsche (D.), notes on structural changes in block tin, 1869, 67 Frog’s heart, the direct action of anaesthe¬ tics on the, J. McGregor-Robertson on, 1885, 1057 - - ovum, the nucleus in the, Dr. G. Thin on, 1885, 1069 - vertebral column, some abnor¬ malities in, Prof. Howes on, 1886, 692 *Frossard (M. Emilion), Sir W. Jones on cavern explorations by, in the Vall6e de Campan, Hautes-Pyr6n6es, France, 1874, 88 Frost, Prof. J. Thomson’s observations on water in, rising against gravity rather than freezing in the pores of the earth, 1871, 34 Frosts of 1860-1 and of 1878-9, compa¬ rison of the effects of the, by E. J. Lowe, 1879, 377 Froude (R. E.) on the hydraulic inter¬ nal scraping of the Torquay water- main, 1869, 210 - report on, the pressure log used in the trials of H.M%S. ‘ Iris' in 1878, 1879, 211 — — (William), third report on steamship performance, 1861, 190 - on the difference between the resistance of water to floating and immersed bodies , 1865, 56 : 1866, 148 - - on the stability , propulsion, and sea¬ going qualit ies of ships, 1869, 10 ; 1870, *44 . - on some difficulties in the received view of fluid friction, 1869, 21 1 - experiments on the surface-friction experienced by a plane moving through water, 1872, 118 - on an apparatus for automatically recording the rolling of a ship in a sea¬ way, 1872, 243 - on machinery for recording the roughness of the sea and measurement of waves near shore, 1873, 495 - report to the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty on experiments for the determination of the frictional resist¬ ance of water on a surface, under various conditions, 1874, 249; on in¬ struments for measuring the speed of ships, memorandum of experiments in relation to the pressure-log, with a de¬ scription of the apparatus employed, 1874, 255 ; 1878, 219 Froude (William), Address to the Me¬ chanical Section, 1875, 221 - on the effect of propellers on the steering of vessels, 1876, 66; 1877, 200; 1878, 419 * - mechanical theory of the soaring of birds, 1876, 31 * - on the resistance of ships, as affected by length of parallel middle body, 1877, 202; *011 a new dynamo¬ meter for large marine engines, 202 - on the elasticity of wires, 1878, 103 ; on the phenomena of the stationary tides in the English Channel and the North Sea, and the value of tidal observations in the North Atlantic Ocean, 217 ^Frozen stratum of soil, the permanently, in British North America, the depth of, Gen. Sir J. H. Lefroy on, 1885, 1136 - soil in the Polar regions, its geogra¬ phical limits and relation to the present y)ole of greatest cold, report on the depth of the permanently , 1886, 271 ; 1887, 152 Fruit, cruciferous, Dr. J. B. Nevins on the nature of the, with reference to the replum, 1871, 130 - farming, the results of an experiment in, by Veil. Archdeacon Lea, 1886, 757 - trees, is lichen- growth detrimental to? Dr. W. L. Lindsay, 1867, 87 Fruits and seeds, Sir J. Lubbock on, 1879, 370 Fry (E.) on moraines as the retaining walls of lakes, 1875, 64 Fuel, the use of, in marine boilers, T. Richardson and T. W. Running on, 1863, 53 * - the consumption of, William Pater¬ son on, 1867, 156 - - calorimetry, B. H. Thwaite on, 1886, , 536 Fuller (Prof. F.) on tidal observations , 1868, 489 ; 1870, 120 * - - on instruction in elementary geo¬ metry, 1873, 459; 1876, 8 - on Babbage's analytical machine , 1878, 92 Fuller’s earth, a sample of, found in a fullonica recently excavated at Pom¬ peii, W. Thomson on, 1879, 321 - earth and its applications, notes on, by A. G. (J. Cameron, 1885, 1039 Functional equivalency, the, of certain parts of limbs, Prof. R. J. Anderson on, 1889, 642 Functions, calculus of, W. H. L. Russell on the, 1861, 19 - Ch. Hermite sur V elimination dcs fonctions arbitraires, 1872, 233 - - theory of, Paul Mansion on an ele¬ mentary demonstration of a funda¬ mental principle of the, 1876, 26 164 GENERAL INDEX. ^Functions, M. M. W. Wilkinson on many-valued, 1876, 30 - see 1 Elliptic functions ’ and ‘ Hyper- elliptic functions.’ Funeral rites and ceremonies of the Nicobar islanders, by E. H. Man, 1888, 844 Fungi, existence of aniline in certain, which become blue in contact with the air, Dr. Phipson on the, 1862, 51 - - exhibited by the Rev. M. J. Ber¬ keley, 1868, 89 - - fossil, from the black shale of the Northumberland coal-field, A. Hancock and T. Atthey on some curious, 1869, 114 - in the roots of orchids, the occur¬ rence of, J. Macmillan on, 1885, 1083 - within the thorax of living birds, Dr. James Murie on the development of, 1871, 129 Fungous diseases of plants, W. B. Grove on two, 1886, 700 Fungus life, Dr. Crace- Calvert on the relative power of various substances in preventing putrefaction, and the development of protoplasmic and, 1872, 69 — - a microscopic, in fossil wood from Bowling, Dr. J. M. Macfarlane on, 1885, 10S8 - a rare species oF, found in Surrey, C. H. S. Perceval on, 1875, 158 Furfurol, some of the derivatives of, Dr. W. Ramsay on, 1878, 512 Furlong (Rev. T.) on the possibility of constructing ellipsoidal lenses, 1864, 5 Furnace, a new mechanical, used in the alkali manufacture and for calcining purposes generally, J. Mactearon, 1877, *52 ; 217 -j- - - Lt.-Col. W. J. Engledue on the Hopcraft smokeless, 1889, 751 - note on the Godillot, by A. Godillot, 1889, 750 Furnaces and mechanical firing, G. F. Deacon on the efficiency of, 1870, 211 - for the manufacture of glass and steel on the open-hearth, J. Head on, 1886, 800 Furness (E.) and F. H. Varley on power-couplings for rolling-mills and other machinery, 1874, 231 Fusiyama, Rutherford Alcock’s journey in the interior of Japan, with the ascent of, 1861, 183 Fynnon Beuno bone-cave, North Wales, Dr. H. Hicks on the, 1885, 1021 Gaboon and Ogowe, the native races of, Comte S. de Brazza on, 1879, 394 Gadesden (A. W.) on the method of mailing gold-assays and. of stating t\e results thereof \ 1873, 219; 1874, 127; 1875, 155 Gadow (Dr. H.) on the nature of the geological terrain as an important factor in the geographical distribution of animals, 1888, 70 7 '^Gaelic and English, the relation of, Rev, W. Cameron on, 1876, 164 - inhabitants of Scotland, Hector McLean on the, 1876, 166 - - - speaking population of Scotland, Rev. W. Ross on the educational value of their native language to the, 1876, 208 Gaels, personal names and tribe-names of the, by Hector McLean, 1883, 573 Gaffield (Thomas) on the action of sunlight on colourless and coloured i glass, 1872, 37 Gages (Alphonse), synthetical researches on the formation of minerals, 1863, 203 - — - on the artificial production of an¬ hydrite, 1864, 27 - on the influence that microscopic vegetable organisms have had on the production of some hydrated iron ores, 1878, 545 Gainsford (W. D.) on an invention for the purpose of attaining greater adhe¬ sion between the driving-wheel and the rail, 1866, 143 ; on a newly invented system of ordnance, 144 Gala group, C. Lapworth on the Grap- tolites of the, 1871, 104 Galapagos Islands, a visit to the, in H.M.S. ‘ Triumph,’ 1S80, by Capt. Markham, 1880, 665 Galilee, the survey of, Lieut. H. H, Kitchener on, 1878, 622 *Galla country, the southern, Rev. J. Wakefield on, 1879, 440 - and Somali countries, E. G. Raven- stein on the, 1883, 595 Galle’s (Dr. J. G.) report on the fall of an aerolite at Pultusk, Poland, and the meteor's path in space, 1868, 388 Galletly (John) on the ignition of cotton by saturation with fatty oils, 1872,73 ’■‘Gallium, some properties of, Dr. Odling on, 1877, 53 ^Galloway (George Bell) on improve¬ ments in screw-propellers, 1864, 186 * - on life-boats for ships and steamers, 1864, 186 * - on intercommunication between railway passengers, 1865, 150; on im¬ provements applicable to the city of London and other large towns, to im¬ prove health and preserve life, ib. : on the means of saving life from buildings which ma}r be on fire, ib. - — - *on inventors and inventions. 1866, 131 ; *1868, 165 GENERAL INDEX. 165 *Galloway (George Bell) on the appli¬ cation of the funds derived from patent-fees, 1867, 154 * - (Prof.) on the composition and valuation of superphosphates, 1861, 79 - (W.) on underground temperature, 1877, 194; 1878, 178; 1879,40; 1880, 26 ; 1881, 90 ; 1882, 72 ; 1883, 45 ; 1885, 93; 1889, 35 - on colliery explosions, 1881, 59S Galton (Captain Douglas) on armour¬ plating for ships, 1863, 173 * - on targets for gunnery experi¬ ments, 1863, 192 - on the Chalmers target, 1866, 145 - - description of a ventilating lire- place, with experiments upon its heating-power as compared with that of ordinary fireplaces, 1868, 191 - on the stability , propulsion, and sea¬ going qualities of ships, 1869, 10; 1870, 44 - - on the circulation of underground waters, 1876, 95 ; 1877, 56 ; 1878, 382 ; 1879, 155; 1880, 87; 1881, 309; 1882, .213; 1883, 147; 1884, 96; 1885, 380; 1886, 235 ; 1887, 358; 1888, 145 ; 1889, 71 ; 1890, 352 - - on railways on three-foot gauge in the United States, 1876, 224 - on the datum level of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain, 1877, 220; 1878, 219 ; 1879, 219 - on the works now in course of exe¬ cution for improving the navigation of one of the mouths of the Mississippi, under the direction of Mr. James Eads, G.E., 1877, 202 ; *on the jetties of the Mississippi, 206 - on patent legislation, 1878, 157 ; 1879, 223 ; 1880, 318 ; 1881, 322 ; 1882, 310 ; 1883, 316 ; 1884, 293 ; 1885, 695 ; on the use of steel for structural pur¬ poses, 1878, 157 ; on the phenomena of the stationary tides in the English Channel and the North Sea, and the ivalue of tidal observations in the North Atlantic Ocean, 1878,217; 1879, 71; 1880, 390; 1881, 160 - - general results of some recent ex¬ periments upon the co-efficient of fric¬ tion between surfaces moving at high velocities, 1878, 438, *697 - — — general results of experiments on friction at high velocities made in order to ascertain the effect of brakes on railway trains, 1879, *283, 508 - - on the work of the Corresponding Societies Committee, 1885, 708 ; 1886, 285 ; 1887, 459 ; 1888, 255 ; 1889, 187 ; 1890, 55 - on the endurance of metals under repeated and varying stresses, and the proper working stresses on railway bridges, <$'c., 1886, 284; 1887, 424 Galton [Sir Douglas] on the promotion of the study of geography, 1887, 158 f - chemin de fer glissant, 1889, 746 - (Francis) on the ‘ Boussole Burnier,’ a new French pocket instrument for measuring vertical and horizontal angles, 1862, 30 ; European weather- charts for December 1861, ib ; (Presi¬ dent of the Geographical Section) - on the domestication of animals, 1864, 93 - letter to General Sabine on magnetic observations at Tifiis, 1865, 316 - on spectacles for divers, and on the vision of amphibious animals, 1865, 10 - - on an error in the usual method ot obtaining meteorological statistics, 1866, 16 ; on the conversion of wind- charts into passage-charts, 17 - on the stability, propulsion, and sea¬ going qualities of ships, 1869, 10 ; 1870, 44 - on barometric predictions of the weather, 1870, 31 - Address to the Geographical Section, 1872, 198 - - on the preparation of brief forms or instructions for travellers, ethnologists, fyc., 1873, 482 ; on machinery for re¬ cording the roughness of the sea and measurement of waves near shore, 495 - on anthropological notes and queries for the use of travellers, 1874, 214 - on the work of the Anthropometric Committee, 1876, 266 ; 1877, 231 ; 1878, 152; 1879, 175; 1880, 120; 1881,225 ; 1882, 278; 1883, 253; 1884, 279 - Address to the Department of An¬ thropology, 1877, 94 - - - on determining the heights and distances of clouds by their reflections in a low pool of wrater, and in a mer¬ curial horizon, 1880, 459 ; on a pocket registrator for anthropological pur¬ poses, 625 - on the application of composite portraiture to anthropological purposes, 1881, 690; the equipment of exploring expeditions now and fifty years ago, 738; isochronic postal charts, 740 - on obtaining photographs of the typical races in the British Isles, 1882, 270 - on the facial characteristics of the races and principal crosses in the British Isles, 1883, 306; 1884, 294; on local scientific societies, 1883, 318 - on the exploration of New Guinea, 1885, 690; on the scientific examina¬ tion of the country in the vicinity of Mount Boraima in Guiana, ib. ; on the work of the Corresponding Societies 16G GENERAL INDEX. Committee , 1885, 708 ; 1886, 285 ; 1887, 459 ; 1888, 255 ; 1889, 187 ; 1890, 55 Galton (Francis), Address to the An¬ thropological Section, 1885, 1206 , - on the combination of the Ordnance and Admiralty surveys, and the pro¬ duction of a l) at h y - h y psog rap Ideal map of the British Isles, 1.886, 277 - on racial photographs from the ancient Egyptian pictures and sculp¬ tures, 1887, 439 r — : — on editing a new edition of ‘ Anthro¬ pological Notes and Queries,' 1887. 172; 1889, 186 ; 1890, 547 - - on the advisability of assigning marks for bodily efficiency in the examination of candidates for the public services, 1889, 471 ; feasible experiments on the possibility of transmitting acquired habits by means of inheritance, 620 ; an instrument for measuring reaction time, 784 - (John C.) on the myology of Cyclo- thurus didactylus, 1869, 12 1 Galvanic batteries, W. Symons on a new method of constructing carbon-cells and plates for, 187-1, 31 * - battery, C. J. Burnett on a, 1885, 916 - battery, Latimer Clark on a new form of constant, 1871, 47 - battery, the Rev. H. Highton on a powerful, 1872, 77 - - battery, the maximum amount of magnetic power which can be developed by a given, H. Highton on, 1870, 25 - battery, a cheap and convenient, adapted for weak, but continuous cur¬ rents, W. Symons on. 1871, 32 - currents, G. B. Airy on spontaneous terrestrial, 1861, 35 - polarisation, molecular distances in, Prof. J. Larmor on, 1885, 900 Galvanometer for demonstrating the in¬ ternal current transmitted through the liquid within a voltaic cell, C. W. Cooke on a, 1879, 280 . — for the detection of weak electric currents, F. W. Varley on the construc¬ tion of a, 1868, 20 - a new form of, Prof. J. Blyth on, 1885, 939 * - a new form of, for measuring cur¬ rents and potentials in absolute units, Prof. Sir W. Thomson on, 1882, 464 ~~ — the imperfection of the, as a test of the evanescence of a transient cur¬ rent, Prof. Lord Rayleigh on. 1883, 444 - - - sine, T. Gray on a new standard, 1886, 549 - - tangent, a new scale for a, W. II. Preece and H. R. Kempe on, 1886, 546 * - and thermopile combined, Prof. G. Forbes on a, 1886, 5 27 Galvanometer with twenty wires, Prof. Lord Rayleigh on a, 1884, 633 ^Galvanometer-needle, the Hon. J. W. Strutt on a permanent deflection of the, by a rapid series of equal and opposite induced currents, 1868, 20 Galvanoscope, an improved lantern, S'. P. Thompson on, 1877, 37 '"Gambia, the river, R. E. Cole on, 1881, 742 Gamble (John G.) on the Brighton in¬ tercepting and outfall sewers, 1872, 245 Game with a history, J. W.Grombie on a, 1885, 1215 - - laws, Prof. Alfred Newton on the zoological aspect of, 1868, 108 Gamgee (Dr. A.) on experiments con¬ firmatory of those of Kiihne on the non-existence of ammonia in blood, 1865, 107 — — - on the action of carbonic oxide on the blood, 1866, 91 - - - on the action of mercury on the secretion of bile, 1868, 187 - on the heat generated in the blood during the process of arterialisation, 1870, 228; 1871, 137; on physiological experimentation, 1871, 144 — — on the magnetic and diamagnetic properties of the blood, 1871, 138 * - on the physiological action of pyro-, meta-, and ortho-phosphoric acids, 1876, 64 - Address to the Biological Section, 1882, 554 - - on the preparation of a bibliography of certain groups of invert ebrata, 1884, 270 - on paleontological and zoological researches in Mexico , 1880, 254 - - and L. Larmuth on the action of vanadium upon the intrinsic nervous mechanism of the frog’s heart, 1876, 151 . - J. Priestley, and L. Larmuth on the difference in the poisonous activity of phosphorus in ortho-, meta-, and pyro-phosphoric acids, 1876, 151 : on the action of pyrophosphoric acid on the circulation, 152 * - (J.), the cardium, illustrating the true nature of prime movers, 1889, 51S Gamma-function, J. W. L. Glaisher on the function that stands in the same relation to Bernoulli’s numbers that the, does to factorials, 1872, 17 - J. W. L. Glaisher on the negative minima of the, 1873, 13 Gannister beds of Northumberland, G. A. Lebour on the discovery of marine shells in the, 1878, 539 Gardiner (J.), report on the occupation of the table at the zoological station at Maples, 1887, 79; 1888, 152 GENERAL INDEX 167 Gardiner (W.) on the continuity of the protoplasm through the walls of vege¬ table cells, 1883, 534 * - on some points in the process of secretion in plant-glands, 1887, 761 * - - on the contrivances for the seed protection and distribution in Blumen- baclda Hieronymi, Urban, 1888, 716 - on a new method of printing photo¬ graphic negatives, employing living leaves in place of sensitive paper, 1889, 519 Gardner (J. S.), suggestions for a revised classification of British Eocenes, 1882, 539 ; on the cause of elevation and sub¬ sidence of land, 541 - - on the relative ages of the American and the English Cretaceous and Eocene series, 1884, 739 - on the fossil 'plants of the Tertiary and Secondary beds of the United King- dom , 1885, 396; 1886, 241 ; 1887, 229 - on the Higher Eocene beds of the Isle of Wight , 1887, 414; 1889, 89 Gariel (Prof. C. M.), representation graphique de la formule des piles, 1881, 556 Garner (R.) on the encephalon of Mam¬ malia, 1861, 166 - on the skull sutures in connection with the superficies of the brain, 1862, 126; on pearls — their parasitic origin, ib. ; on an albino variety of crab, with some observations on crustaceans, and on the effect of light, ib. - on the reciprocal action between plants and gases, 1863, 113 ; on a para¬ sitical Acarus of the Anodon , 114 - - on the vocal organ of the Corixa , an aquatic insect, 1864, 122 • - on the power which some rotifers have of attaching themselves by means of a thread, 1866, 73 - on a male octopodous cuttlefish, 1868, 96 ; on the anatomy of the Cari- naria Mediterranean 116 - on the homologies in the extremities of the horse, 1869, 12 1 ; on the brain of a Negro, 132 - comparison of the thoracic and pelvic limbs in Mammalia, 1870, 137 - on the brain of the Canidae, 1876, 152 Garnets, doubly-refracting, Dr. von La- saulx on, 1876, 92 Garnett (Prof. W.) on standards for nse in electrical measurements , 1 884, 29 ; 1885, 31; 1886, 145; 1887,206; 1888, 55 ; 1889, 41 ; 1890, 95 Garnier’s (Capt.) expedition up the Camboja, Colonel Yule on, 1871, 190 • - (Lt.-Col. J.) on the erosion of the coast at Sandomn Bay , 1885, 428 Garrod (A. H.) on pulse-rate and the forces which vary it, 1872, 151 Garson (Dr. J. G.) on the facial cha¬ racteristics of the races and principal crosses in the British Isles, 1883, 306 ; 1884, 294 - on the cranial characters of the inhabitants of Timorlaut, 1883, 56 6; on anthropometry, 569 - on the work of the Corresponding Societies Committee, 1885, 708 ; 1886, 285; 1887, 459 5 1888, 255; 1889, 187; 1890, 55 - on the human remains found in Happaway Cavern, Torquay, 1885, 1220; abnormal and arrested development as an indication of evolutionary history, 1226 - on the prehistoric race in the Greek Islands, 1886, 284 ; 1887, 200 ; 1888, 99 - on crania and other bones from Bowls's barrow, 1886, 841 - on the preparation of a new edition of ‘ Anthropoloqical Notes and Queries ,’ 1887, 172; 1889, 186; 1890, 547 - observations on recent explorations made by Gen. Pitt- Rivers at Rushmore, 1887, 912 - • on the effects of different occupa¬ tions and employments on the physical development of the human body, 1888, 100; 1889, 186 - on human remains from Wiltshire, 1888, 839 - — - on the nomad tribes of Asia Minor, 1889, 176; 1890, 535; on the anthro¬ pological measurements taken at Bath, 1889, 423 * - - exhibition of a new anthropome¬ tric instrument specially designed for the use of travellers, 1889, 784 - on the anthropological measurements taken at Newcastle in 1889, 1890, 549 - notes on human remains dis¬ covered by Gen. Pitt -Rivers at Wood- yates, Wiltshire, 1890, 983 . - and G. W. Bloxam, observations made in the Anthropometric laboratory at Manchester. 1888, 854 Gas analysis apparatus, a new, by Dr. W. W. J. Nicol, 1888, 632 - from cannel-coal, Dr. Stevenson Macadam on the economic distillation of, 1869, 69 - cheap, the economical effect of using, for gas-motors, with a descrip¬ tion of apparatus for producing such gas, J. E. Dowson on, 1881, 775 - evolved in various chemical actions, apparatus for measuring the volume of, by F. W. Watkin, 1887, 650 - illumination, improvements in, W. Sugg on, 1882, 669 - an iD flammable, issuing from below the silt-bed in Belfast, Dr. T. Andrews on the composition of, 1874, 50 168 GENERAL INDEX Gas-lighting by electricity, Prof. W. B. Rogers on an invention by Mr. Corne¬ lius for, 1864, 40 - for lighthouses, a new application of, J. R. Wigham on, 1878, 436 - measure of a, A. V. Harcourt on the aerorthometer, an instrument for cor¬ recting the, 1882, 499 * - the measurement of, G. Glover on instruments for, 1864, 186 - motor and cold air machine, a com¬ bined, J. J. Coleman on, 1882, 678 . - permanent, the production of, from paraffin oils, Dr. S. Macadam on, 1884, 680 - testing of illuminating, Prof. W. B. Rogers on apparatus and processes for the chemical and photometrical, 1861, 39 - the velocity of explosions in, H. B. Dixon on, 1882, 487 ; 1884, 688 ; 1885, 905 Gas-batterv, W. Symons on a new form of, 1863," 56 - Prof. W. Ramsay on some actions of a Grove’s, 1885, 965 Gas-burners, J. J. Griffin on the construc¬ tion of, for chemical use, 1861, 81 Gas-condensing machine for the lique¬ faction of gases by combined cold and pressure, J. J. Coleman on a, 1876, 63, 220 *Gaseous compound of fluorine and phos¬ phorus, a new, Prof. T. E. Thorpe on, 1875, 45 - fuel, J. E. Dowson on, 1888, 805 - the liquid, and the solid states of matter, Prof. J. Thomson on relations between the, 1872, 24 Gases, Dr. R. Angus Smith on the ab¬ sorption of, by charcoal, 1868, 44 - - absorption of, by liquids, Dr. N. de Khanikof on the, 1867, 34 - cohesion of, James Croll on the, 1862, 21 - - combustion of, under pressure, Prof. E. Frankland on the, 1868, 3 7 - combustion of, H. B. Dixon on the incomplete, 1884, 671 * - condensation of, hitherto called permanent, Prof. J. Dewar on the, 1878, 517 * - condensing, a new apparatus for, by contact with liquids, by Prof. Lunge, 1887, 640 - effect of great pressures combined with cold on the six non-condensable, Dr. T. Andrews on the, 1861, 76 - the emission and absorption of rays of light by certain, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on, 1861, 79 - - evolved by the Bath spring called King's Bath, Prof. A . TV. Williamson on the composition of the, 1865, 381 *Gases, latent heat of, J. Dewar on the, 1874, 22 * - liquefied, Dr. Dewar on the latent heat of, 1874, 57 - measurement of, as a branch of volumetric analysis, Dr. W. J. Russell on the, 1869, 74 - the preservation of, over mercury, H. B. Dixon on, 1886, 583 * - preservation or disengagement of, Maxwell Lvte on an apparatus for the, 1864, 32 - reciprocal action between plants and, R. Garner on the, 1863, 113 - the specific resistance of, at different pressures, and the specific inductive capacity of a good Sprengel vacuum, preliminary report of the Committee for accurately measuring , 1890, 197 - spectra of, G. J. Stoney on the cause of the interrupted, 1870, 41 - existing in solution in rvell-ivaters, determination of the, 1869, 55 * - held in solution by the sea-water of the Skagerack, recent investigations on the, by Dr. 0. Pettersson, 1890, 77 9 - : thermal effects of elastic fluids, Dr. Joule and Prof. W. Thomson on the, 1861, 83 - or vapours, John White on the means of passing unharmed through noxious, 1863, 125 Gas-furnace, G. Gore on a new, for melt¬ ing gold, &c., 1863, 43 *Gas-furnaces. regenerative, as applied to iron-works, C. W. Siemens on, 1863, 192 - and producers, S. N. F. Cox on Sie¬ mens’s regenerative, 1865, 177 Gas-generator, C. J. Woodward on a form of," 1873, 66 ^'Gas-holder, a form of. giving a uniform flow of gas, Prof. Barrett on, 1876. 48 Gas-lighting by incandescence, the Wels- bach system of, C. W\ Cooke on, 1886, 823 ^Gaslights, quadriform, the value of, for lighthouses in comparison with the electric light, J. R. Wigham on, 1SS1, Si, 779 Gas-liquor, F. Braby on extraction of ammonia from, 1869. 63 *Gas-making, the employment of limed coal in, J. A. Wanklyn on, 1883, 471 Gas-tubes, J. Pattinson on a deposit in the, of the Cleveland blast-furnaces, 1863, 48 Gas-works, J. Shuttleworth on the Man¬ chester, 1861, 240 Gassiot (J. P.) on the deposit of metals from the negative terminal of an in¬ duction coil during the electrical dis¬ charge in vacuo, 1861, 3S - account of Dr. Jacintho Antonio de GENERAL INDEX. 1G9 Souza's visit to Kern Observatory com¬ municated by, 1862, 109 Gassiot (J. P.) on the mode of preparing carbonic acid vacua in large glass ves¬ sels, 1862, 42 - on the adaptation of bisulphide-of- carbon prisms, and the use of tele¬ scopes of long focal distance, in the examination of the sun's spectrum, 1864, 11 - - on the establishment of magnetic observations on the Kew system at the Observatory at Tijtis , 1865, 313 - on the change of form and colour which the stratified discharge assumes when a varied resistance is introduced in the circuit of an extended series of the voltaic battery, 1865, 15 - meteorological and physical observa¬ tions in three balloon ascents made in 1865 and 1866, 1866, 367 - on tidal observations, 1868, 489 ; 1870, 120 - on the metallic deposit obtained from the induction discharge in vacuum-tubes, 1869, 46 Gassner’s dry cells, comparison of, with Leclanche’s, by W. L. Carpenter, 1888, 566 Gastaldi on Italian geology and the crystalline rocks, Dr. T. S. Hunt on, 1887, 703 ^Gasteropoda, the British fossil, J. L. Lobley on the stratigraphical distribu¬ tion of, 1870, 78 * - the kidneys of the, and the renal duct of Paludina , W. B. Benham on, 1885, 1103 Gasteropods and cephalopods, some De¬ vonian, Rev. G. F. Whidborne on, 1888, 680 Gasterosteus Leiurus, Dr. W. H. Ransom on the structure and growth of the ovarian ovum in the, 1866, 77 Gastrosteus spinaclna, the nest and de¬ velopment of, at St. Andrews’ marine laboratory, E. E. Prince on, 1885, 1093 ^Gatehouse (J. W.) on nitrite of silver, 1875, 43 — — - and P. Braham on the dissociation of nitric acid by various means, 1874, 55 Gateshead, John Lamb on the reduc¬ tion of the death-rate in, by sanitary measures, 1863, 156 Gauery (Prof. A.) on the fossil animals of Mount Leberon (Yaucluse), 1872, 102 - on the gigantic size of some extinct Tertiary Mammalia, 1888, 660 Gauge, deep-sea pressure-, J ames Glaisher on a, 1861, 59 - - G. Hartmann’s description of a pa¬ rallel, 1864, 186 Gauging, the systematic, of the wells, springs, and rivers of Great Britain, J. Lucas on an organisation for, 1881, 781 - of mater by triangular notches , re¬ port on, by James Thomson, 1861, 151 Gauss, the suggestion of, to aj)ply his general theory of terrestrial magnetism to the magnetic variations, report on the adequacy of existing data for carry¬ ing into effect , 1862, 170 Gaussian constants for 1829, a theory of terrestrial magnetism founded on all available observations, report on the, by H. Petersen and A. Erman, 1872, 1 * - constants, a new computation of the, Prof. J. C. Adamson, 1887, 600 Gaussin’s warning regarding the slug¬ gishness of ships’ magnetism, Sir Wm. Thomson on, 1878, 496 Gautier (Dr. A.) and Dr. Maxwell Simpson on a compound formed by the direct union of aldehyde and an¬ hydrous prussic acid, 1867, 40 Gearing (Arthur), examples of ocular demonstration of geometrical proposi¬ tions, 1868, 8 Gearing, Prof. II. C. Fleeming Jenldn on nest, 1883, 387 Geddes (P. A.), "‘notes on Chlamy- domyxa, 1881, 680 ; *on a new sub-class of Infusorians, ib. ; on economics and statistics viewed from the standpoint of the preliminary sciences, 765 - on palceontological and zoological researches in Mexico, 1880, 254 - report on the occupation of the table at the zoological stat ion at Naples, 1882, 290 - on the application of biology to economics, 1885, 1166 - on the nature and causes of varia¬ tion in plants, 1886, 695 ; on the theory of sex, heredity, and reproduction, 708 ; on the application of physics and bio¬ logy to economics, 783 ; 1887, 841 - proposed contributions to the theory of variation, 1887, 735 - on the origin of thorny plants, 1890, 870 ; a theory of the consumption of wealth, 924 Gee (A.) on the mode adopted at the Bradford-on- Avon Union for the utili¬ sation of sewage, 1864, 28 - (W. W. H.) on a comparison-mag¬ netometer, 1887, 620 - H. Holden, and C. H. Lees, expe¬ riments on electrolysis and electrolytic polarisation, 1887, 589 - and Prof. W. Stroud, a null method in electro-calorimetry, 1887, 581 - and Prof. W. Stroud, electro-calori¬ metry, 1888, 565 - - and Dr. A. Harden, stereometry, 1889, 516 170 GENERAL INDEX. Gee (A.) and H. L. Terry, the specific heat of caoutchouc, 1889, 516 Geikie (Archibald), Address to the Geo¬ logical Section, 1867, 49 ; 1871, 87 ; on the progress of the Geological Survey in Scotland, 1867, 60 ; 1871, 96 - on the rate of increase of under¬ ground temperature , 1868, 510; 1869, 176; 1870, 29; 1871, 14; 1872, 128; 1873, 252; 1875, 14, 156; 1876, 204; 1877, 198; 1878, 178; 1879,40; 1880, 26; 1881, 90; 1883, 45; 1885, 93; 1889, 35 . - - on erratic blochs or boulders , 1873, 188; on science-lectures and organisa¬ tion, 495, 507 - on the origin and age of some of the crystalline schists of Norway, 1889, 567 - (Prof. J.) Address to the Geological Section, 1889, 551 - on the collection , preservation , and systematic registration of photographs of geological interest in the United Kingdom , 1890, 429 Geixitz (Dr.) on a salamander in the Rothliegendes, 1863, 68 ^Genealogical import of the internal shell of Mollusca, E. Ray Lankester on the, 1874, 137 Generation, spontaneous, James Samuel- son on, 1862, 119; 1870, 133 - spontaneous, F. Crace-Calvert on, 1871, 123 * - of animalcules, Dr. J. Dougall on the relative powers of various substances in preventing the, or the development of their germs, with special reference to the germ-theory of putrefaction, 1871, 124 Generic images, W. C. Thomas on, 1879, 253 Genese (Prof. R. W.) on a class of bincdal quartics, 1881, 538; on invo¬ lutional (11) correspondence, 539 - on the equations to the real and to the imaginary directrices and latera recta of the general conic (a, b , c, e.f,g, h ) (x, y\)- = o ; with a note on a property of the director circle, 1880, 480 - on linear syzygetic relations be¬ tween the coefficients of ternary quadrics, 1882, 452 - on a geometrical transformation, 1886, 538 ; on the sum of the ?hh powers of the terms of an arithmetical progression, 540 • - on the desirability of introducing a uniform nomenclature for the funda¬ mental units of mechanics , 1888, 27 - on centres of finite twist and stretch, 1888, 579; on recurring deci¬ mals and Fermat’s theorem, 580 - on a remarkable circle through two points of a conic, 1890, 745 *Genghiz Khan, the site of the grave of, Prof. G. Forbes on, 1876, 182 *Genius, the shadows of, W. C. Dendy on, 1870, 149 Gennarelli’s (Prof.) paper ‘ On the exist¬ ence of a race of red men in Northern Africa and Southern Europe in prehis¬ toric times,’ C. H. E. Carmichael on, 1873, 141 ^Geodesic triangle on any surface, a pro¬ perty of a small, Prof. H. J. S. Smith on, 1881, 548 +Geographical co-ordinates in the valley of the Upper Nile, by E. G. Ravenstein. 1889, 668 - distribution of animals, the nature of the geological terrain as an impor¬ tant factor in the, Dr. H. Gadow on, 1888, 707 - - distribution of mankind, notes on, by Miss A. W. Buckland, 1881, 695 - distribution of the Chiroptera, G. E. Dobson on the, 1878, 158; 1880, 169 - distribution and migrations of birds, Sec., on the northern shores and lands of Hudson's Bay, Dr. J. Rae on the, 1878, 558 - distribution of the tea plant, A. Burrell on the, 1878, 638 - education, J. S. Keltie on, 1885, 1133 - evolution of the Tanganyika basin, Joseph Thomson on the, 1882, 622 - explorations and institutions, Italian, G. D. Vedova on, 1879, 436, 456 - Sciences, C. Maunoir on the Inter¬ national Congress of, 1874, 184 - significance of North Polar ice, Dr. E. L. Moss on the, 1878, 636 - Society, British Commercial, the, about to be founded on the proposal of Commr. Y. Lovett Cameron, 1884, 80S - - - teaching in Russia. Dr. H. R. Mill on, 1890, 888 f - - terminology, note on, by H. J. Mackinder, 1888, 746 - variations on the coast of France, Dr. J. S. Phene on some, 1878, 628 - - work of the Palestine Exploration Fund, Trelawney W. Saunders on the, 1881, 741 Geography and Ethnology, Section of, Addresses of the Presidents of the : — Manchester: J. Crawfurd, 1861, 177 ^Cambridge : F. Galton, 1862 Newcastle: Sir R.I. Murchison, 1863, 126 Bath: SirR. I. Murchison, 1864, 130 ^Birmingham : Sir H. Rawlinson, 1865 Nottingham : Sir C. Nicholson, 1866, 98 Dundee: Sir S. Baker, 1867, 104 Norwich : Captain G. H. Richards, 1868, 121 GENERAL INDEX 171 Geography, Section of, Addresses of the Presidents of the : — Exeter: Sir Bartle Frere, 1869, 152 Liverpool : Sir R. I. Murchison, 1870, 158 Edinburgh: Col. H. Yule, 1871, 162 Brighton : F. Galton, 1872, 198 Bradford : Sir Rutherford Alcock, 1873, 150 Belfast : Major C. W. Wilson, 1874, 160 Bristol: Gen. R. Strachey, 1875, 180 Glasgow : Capt. F. J. Evans, 1876, 169 Plymouth : Adm. Sir E. Ommanney, 1877, 122 Dublin : Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878, 613 Sheffield: Clements R. Markham, 1879, 420 Swansea : Lieut.-Gen. Sir J. H. Lefroy, 1880, 646 York: Sir J. D. Hooker, 1881, 727 Southampton : Sir R. Temple, 1882, 613 Southport: Lieut.-Col. H.H.Godwin- Austen, 1883, 576 Montreal : Gen. Sir J. H. Lefroy, 1884, 787 Aberdeen : Gen. J. T. Walker, 1885, 1106 Birmingham : Maj.-Gen. Sir F. J. Goldsmid, 1886, 712 Manchester : Col. Sir C. Warren, 1887, 785 Bath : Col. Sir C.W. Wilson, 1888, 729 Newcastle : Col. Sir F. de Winton, 1889, 650 Leeds : Col. Sir R. L. Playfair, 1890, 874 - in Asia, the progress of, during the last fifty years, Sir R. Temple on, 1881, 741 - of the British Isles in the Carboni¬ ferous period, Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins on the, 1887, 684 f - of Great Britain, the beginning of the, Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins on, 1887, 803 * - commercial, the study of the natural divisions of the earth, rather than the national ones, as the scientific basis of, Dr. J. Yeats on, 1887, 805 - commercial, the physical basis of, Dr. H. R. Mill on, 1889, 659 * - the place of, in national education, D. W. Freshfield on, 1886, 729 * - the teaching of, in the elementmy schools of England, A. Park on, 1887, 805 - a natural method of teaching, J. J. Cardwell on, 1887, S05 - object lessons in, E. G. Ravenstein on, 1884, 806 Geography , report of the Committee for co- operating with the Royal Geographical Society in endeavouring to bring before the authorities of Oxford and Cam¬ bridge the advisability of promoting the study of, 1887, 158 j- - at the Universities, H. J. Mac¬ kinder on, 1887, 803 - - - political and physical, the Rev. E. Hale on the place of, in education. 1872, 209 - scientific, Gen. Strachey on the scope of, illustrated by remarks on the climate of India, 1872, 214 - and meteorology of Kansas, Dr. L. Forbes on the, 1882, 625 - of the region from the Nile to the Euphrates as known to the ancient Egyptians, Rev. H. G. Tomkins on the, 1888, 741 - physical, John Crawfurd on the connection between ethnologj7 and, 1861, 177 — — physical, Prof. Ansted on some curi¬ osities of, in the Ionian Isles, 1863, 133 - physical, of the Deserts of Persia and Central Asia, W. T. Blanford on the, 1873, 162 - physical, of the Mediterranean, con¬ sidered in relation to that of the Black Sea and the Caspian, Dr. Carpenter on the, 1873, 163 - of Scotland, what has been done for the, and what remains to be done, IT. A. Webster on, 1885, 1138 Geological age of the Acadian fauna, G. F. Matthew on the, 1884, 742 - age of the rocks of West Cornwall, J. H. Collins on the, 1879, 347 - age of the North Atlantic Ocean, Prof. E. Hull on the, 1883, 494 - age and relations of the Siwalik and Pikermi vertebrate and invertebrate faunas, W. T. Blanford on the, 1880, 577 — — changes in the British islands, Rev. James Brodie on recent, 1868, 60 * - changes which have occurred since the first traces of man in Europe, Prof, P. M. Duncan on the, 1870, 149 - constitution, the, and the magnetic state of the British Isles, the relations between, Profs. A. W. Rucker and T. E. Thorpe on, 1889, 586 - - episodes, J. F. Blake on, 1S79, 335 - evidence as to the antiquity of man, Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins on the, 1879, 399 - evidence of the temporary submer¬ gence of the South-west of Europe during the early Human Period, Prof. Prestwich on the, 1880, 581 * — — Institute of the Austrian Empire, F. von Hauer on the latest work of the, 1864, 54 172 GENERAL INDEX. Geological Institute of the Austrian Em¬ pire, W. von Haidinger on the progress of the Imperial, 1865, 56 - photography, local, O. W. Jeffs on, 1888, 653 - photography. Report on the collec¬ tion , preservation and registration of photographs of geological interest in the United Kingdom, 1890, 429 - map of Europe, report on the prepa¬ ration of an international, 1882, 241 - - map, an outline, of Lower Egypt, Arabia Petrasa, and Palestine, notice of, by Prof. E. Hull, 1885, 1015 — — map of India, the new, V. Ball on, 1878, 532 - map of Monte Sommaancl Vesuvius, notice of a, by Dr. H. J. Johnston- Lavis, 1884, 730 - maps, an international scale of colours for, W. Topley on, 1881, 647 - maps, detailed, the value of, in relation to water-supply and other practical questions, W. Whitaker on, 1884, 731 - maps and sections of West Galway and South-west Mayo, G. H. Kinahan on, 1874, 88 - - meaning of the term ‘ river-basin,’ and the desirability of substituting ‘drainage -area,’ D. Mackintosh on the, 1875, 75 - - notes on the Noursoak peninsula and Disco Island in North Greenland, 1871, 94 * - periods, a new method of calcula¬ ting the absolute duration of, Prof. Haughton on, 1877, 31 - Record, report on the progress of the , *1879, 350; 1880, 87 - relations and mode of preservation of Eozoon canadense , Principal J. W. Dawson on the, 1883, 494 - - relations of the atmosphere, T. S. Hunt on the, 1878, 544 - results of the late British Arctic Expedition, Capt. Feilden andC. E. De Pmnce on the, 1878, 548 - sections within forty miles’ radius of Southport, notes on, by C. E. De Ranee, 1883, 489 - sections in the co. Down, W. A. Traill on, 1874, 93 * - significance of the boring at Messrs. Meux’s brewery, London, R. A. C. Godwin- Austen on the, 1877, 71 — — structure and flora of the Mascarene Islands, I.B. Balfour on the, 1875, 157 - Survey of Scotland, A. Geikie on the progress of the, 1867, 60 ; 1871, 96 - Survey of Ireland, E. Hull on the progress of the, 1874, 83 ; 1878, 543 - - Survey of Ireland, chiefly in co. Donegal, notes on some of the problems now being investigated by the officers of the, by Prof. E. Hull, 1886, 660 Geological Survey, the work of the, in Northumberland and Durham, W. Topley on, 1889, 597 - Surveys of Europe , the national, report on, by W. Topley, 1884, 221 - systems and endemic disease, Dr. Moffat on, 1870, 80; 1871, 107; 1873, 84 - terrain, the nature of the, as an important factor in the geographical distribution of animals, Dr. H. Gadow on, 1888, 707 - time, the extent of, Rev. M. H. Close on, 1878, 548 - - time, the measure of, by natural chro¬ nometers, Prof. J. Phillips on the, 1864,64 - time, Prof. J. Phillips on the ammo- nitic septa in relation to, 1873, 86 Geology, Section of, Addresses of the Presidents of the : — Manchester, Sir R. I. Murchison, 1861, 95 Cambridge, J. Beete Jukes, 1862, 54 Newcastle-on- Tyne, Warington W. Smyth, 1863, 59 Bath, Prof. J. Phillips, 1864, 45 Birmingham, Sir R. I. Murchison, 1865, 41 Nottingham, Prof. A. C. Ramsay, 1866,46 Dundee, Archibald Geikie, 1867, 49 Norwich, R. A. C. Godwin-Austen, 1868, 51 Exeter, Prof. R. Harkness, 1869, 82 * Liverpool, Sir P. M. Grey Eger- ton, 1870 Edinburgh, Prof. A. Geikie, 1871, 87 Brighton, R. A. C. Godwin-Austen, 1872, 90 Bradford, Prof. J. Phillips, 1873, 70 Belfast, Prof. E. Hull, 1874, 67 Bristol, Dr. T. Wright, 1875, 47 Glasgow, Prof. J. Young, 1876, 72 Plymouth, W. Pengelly, 1877, 54 Dublin, Dr. John Evans, 1878, 519 Sheffield, Prof. P. Martin Duncan, 1879, 326 Swansea, Dr. H. C. Sorby, 1880, 565 York, A. C. Ramsay, 1881, 605 Southampton, R. Etheridge, 1882, 502 Southport, Prof. W. C. Williamson, 1883, 475 Montreal, W. T, Blanford, 1884, 691 Aberdeen, Prof. J. W. Judd, 1885, 994 Birmingham, Prof. T. G. Bonney, 1886, 601 Manchester, Dr. H. Woodward, 1887 673 Bath, Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins, 1888, 644 Newcastle-on-Tyne, Prof. James Geikie, 1889, 551 Leeds, Prof. A. H. Green, 1890, 789 GENERAL INDEX. 173 Geology , list of works on the , Mineralogy , Paleontology of Wales (to the end of 1873), by IF. Whitaker, 1880, 397 - - ZisZ of works on the, and' Paleon¬ tology of Oxfordshire , of Berkshire, and of Buckinghamshire , jy IK. Whitaker , 1882, 327 - Z/sZ of works on the , of Staffordshire, Worcestershire, and Warwickshire , % IF. IFAitafor, 1885, 780 - plan for the subject-bibliography of North American, G. K. Gilbert on a, 1884, 732 - of Africa, East Central, notes on a recent examination of, by Prof. H. Drummond, 1885, 1032 - of Africa, South, Prof. T. R. Jones, on the, 1884, 736 - of the Arctic and Atlantic basins, Sir J. W. Dawson on the relations of the, 1886, 638 - Australian, contributions to, by Charles Moore, 1862. 83 - of the Balearic Islands, Dr. Phene on the, 1880, 585 - - of the Birmingham district, Prof. C. Lapworth on the, 1886, 621 - of the country round Bradford, Yorkshire, R. Russell on the, 1873, 88 - British, the Highland controversy in : its causes, course, and conse¬ quences, Prof. C. Lapworth on, 1885, 1025 - - - of Cardigan town, W. Keeping on the, 1882, 531 - of the Channel Islands, problems in the, Rev. E. Hill on, 1882, 550 - — — of the Channel tunnel, Prof. W. Bo}rd Dawkins on the, 1882, 542 - of Colombia, S.A., R. B. White on the mining and, 1882, 552 - - of British Columbia, sketch of the, by G. M. Dawson, 1880, 588 - of Cyprus, R. Russell on the, 1881, 640 * - - of the environs of Dublin, sketch of the, by Prof. E. Hull, 1878, 527 - of Durness and Eriboll, with special reference to the Highland controversy, B. N. Peach and J. Horne on the, 1885, 1027 - - - elements of primary, Dr. T. S. Hunt on the, 1887, 704 - of England, the South-west of, C. Moore on the, 1864, 59 - of the English Channel off the coast of South Devon, A. R. Hunt on the submarine, 1880, 573 - and ethnology, H. H. Howorth on a frontier of, 1860, 135 - of Foula, the physical, and geolo¬ gical structure, G. A. Gibson on, 1876, 90 Geology of Halifax harbour, Nova Scotia, Rev. D. Honeyraan on the, 1884, 714 * - of the N.E. of Ireland, sketch of the, by Prof. Harkness, 1874, 83 - — - of the newly discovered gold-fields in Kimberley, Western Australia, E. T. Hardman on the, 1886, 645 - of the Long Mountain, on the Welsh borders, W. W. Watts on the, 1890, 817 - -Lothian, West, recent advances in, H. M. Cadell on, 1885, 1037 * - of New Zealand, Dr. J. Hector on the, 1875, 69 - of Nicaragua, Dr. J. Crawford on the, 1890, 812 - of Palestine, Prof. E. Hull on the, 1884, 272 * - of the coast from the Rame Head to the Bobb Tail, sketch of the, by W. Pengelly, 1877, 76 - physical geography of the Caspian Sea in its relations to, Dr. Carpenter on the, 1873, 165 - * of Queensland, R. Daintree on the general, 1871, 95 - - . of Somerset, some points of interest in the, by W. A. E. Ussher, 1888, 659 - - subject matter of, and its classifica¬ tion, Prof. W. J. Sollas on the, 1881, 644 - of Torres Straits, notes on the, by Prof. A. C. Haddon, 1889, 587 - - of the Troad, J. S. Diller on the, 1883, 508 - of Wicklow and Wexford, some pre¬ liminary observations on the, by Prof. W. J. Sollas, 1887, 70S Geometrical circles and spheres, Prof. W. W. Johnson on some theorems re¬ lating to the powers of, 1890, 743 * - constructions involving imaginary data, Prof. H. J. Stephen Smith on, 1868, 10 - freedom of a rigid body, Prof. R. S. Ball on a model of a conoidal cubic surface called the ‘ cylindroid,’ which is presented in the theory of the. 1871, 8 - optics, Prof. J. C. Maxwell on the relation of, to other branches of mathematics and physics, 1873, 38 — — problem, solution of a, Prof. J. C. Maxwell on the application of Kirch- hoff’s rules for electric circuits to the, 1874, 18 - - propositions, Arthur Gearing on the ocular demonstration of, 1868, 8 - theorems, W. Hayden on some, 1875, 14 - transformation, Prof. R. W. Genese on a, 1886, 538 Geometry, elementary , report on the possibility of improving the methods of instruction in, 1873, 459 - elementary, report on the possibility 174 GENERAL INDEX. of improving tlw methods of instruction in, and on the syllabus drawn up by the Association for the improvement of geometrical teaching, 1876, 8 Geometry of four dimensions, E. T. Dixon on, 1888, 618 * - inverse figures in, Prof. H. J. S. Smith on, 1880, 476 _ non-Euclidian, notes on, by R. S. Ball, 1880, 476 * _ Prof. Plucker on a new method in, 1865, 7 * _ an unexplained contradiction in, W. K. Clifford on, 1870, 12 George (C.) on a self-replenishing arti¬ ficial horizon, 1871, 1 7$ _ (Rev. H. B.) on the promotion of the study of geography, 1887, 158 Gerard (Jules), exploration dans l’Af- rique centrale, de Serre-Leone a Alger, par Timbuctu, 1862, 146 Gerland (Dr. B. W.) on the action of sulphurous acid, in aqueous solution, on phosphates and other compounds, 1870, 56 ; on the occurrence of vana¬ dium, 57 German, Celt, and Slavonian, the words, their misinterpretation, and its results, Dr. R. G. Latham on, 1883, 567 German Arctic expedition, Dr. Copeland on the second, 1871, 175 _ expedition to Western Siberia, Dr. O. Finsch on the, 1877, 146 * _ explorations in Africa, Prof. Erman on, 1879, 440 _ _ _ Ocean, C. B. Rose on some mamma¬ lian remains from the bed of the, 1862, 91 - - - speech and lip reading system of teaching the Deaf, G. Buxton on the, 1879, 474 , . Germanic and Rhaetian elements, the, m Switzerland, Dr. J. Beddoe on, 1883, 574 Germans, the profile of the Danes and, J. Park Harrison on, 1881, 703 ^Germany, central, the diluvial and allu¬ vial deposits of, Dr. K. von Seebach on the, 1862, 195 Germ-life, the development of, Dr. F. Crace-Calvert on, 1870, 131 _ F. Crace-Calvert on the action of heat on, 1871, 122 _ _ in the atmosphere, J. Samuelson on, 1863, 123 * Germ-theory of disease, the antiseptic treatment of contagia as illustrated by the, W. Hope on, 1870, 140 _ of disease, the, considered from the natural history point of view, Dr. W. B. Carpenter on, 1883, 529 * _ of putrefaction, Dr. J. Dougall on the relative powers of various sub¬ stances in preventing the generation of animalcules, or the development of their germs, with special reference to the, 1871, 124 Germ -theory, protoplasm and the, Dr. G. W. Child on, 1870, 131 * - spontaneous evolution and the, by Dr. N. Carmichael, 1876, 146 *Germs, a method of excluding, from rooms used for surgical operations, W. Thomson on, 1877, 114 *Gerstl (R.) on different spectra of one chromium salt, 1868, 38 Gervais (Paul) sur les dents du Alacrau- chenia , et leur mode de remplacement. 1872, 136 Gestation, Prof. W. Turner on a remark¬ able mode of, in an undescribed species of Arius, 1866, 79 Geysers of the Rotorua district, North Island of New Zealand, E. W. Bucke on the, 1886. 644 *Giant’s Causeway, Prof. J. Thomson on the jointed prismatic structure of the, 1874, 93 Gibb (Dr. G. D.) on the arrest of puparial metamorphosis of Vanessa Antiopa or Camberwell beauty, 1861, 143 - on the normal position of the epi¬ glottis as determined by the laryngo¬ scope, 1862, 128; 1863, 1 14; on the physiological effects of the bromide of ammonium, 1862, 128 - report on the physiological effects of the bromide of ammonium, 1863, 81 — — - on voluntary closure of the glottis, independently of the act of breathing, 1863, 1 1 5 - on the difference between the larynx of the negro and that of the white man, 1864, 94 ; on the various forms assumed by the glottis, 122 ; on the action of the bromides of lithium, zinc, and lead, 123 — refutation of the view recently p>ro- pounded that the food comes into contact with the vocal cords in de¬ glutition, 1865, 107 - on variations in the great arterial blood-vessels, 1866, 73 - on vocal and other influences upon mankind from jiendency of the epi¬ glottis, 1867, 101 - [Sir G. D.] on the paucity of aboriginal monuments in Canada, 1869. 133; on an obstacle to European longevity beyond 70 years, ib. ; on a cause of diminished longevity among the Jews, 134 - on the uses of the uvula, 1871, 139 ; on some abnormalities of the larynx, ib. ; on centenarian longevity, 15 1 ; on a fat woman exhibiting in London, 152 — on a pata-patoo from New Zealand, GENERAL INDEX. 175 1872, 185; on stone implements and fragments of pottery from Canada, 186 Gibb [Sir G. D.] on the vocal organs in living centenarians, 1873, 128 - on longevity at five score eleven years, 1874, 152 *Gibbons (G.), dairy industry, 1888, 778 *Gibbs (John) on the inflorescence of plants, 1862, 98 - (Prof. Willard) electro-chemical thermo-dynamics , 1886, 388 ; 1888, 343 — — (Prof. Wolcott) on wave-length tables of the spectra of the elements and compounds , 1884, 351 ; 1885, 288; 1886, 167 ; 1890, 224 - on complex inorganic acids, 1884, 669 * - (Dr. W.), researches on cobalt- amines by, Dr. Odling on, 1877, 53 ^Gibraltar cave, Dr. Falconer on fossil and human remains of the, 1864, 53 - G. Busk on a very ancient human cranium from, 1864, 91 - caves, Capt,. F. Broome’s report on the recent explorations in the, 1867, 56 Gibson (G. A.) on the physical geology and geological structure of Foula, 1876, 90 - (T.) on abnormal petals on flowers of Ranunculus aquatilis , 1870, 115 ; on the parasitic habits of Pyrola rotundi- folia, 1 16 *Gibsone (B. W.), the uses of the Testa- cem or concliiferous molluscs in nature, science, and the arts, 1889, 642 Giffard’s injector, J. Robinson on some developments of, and improvements in, 1865, 186 Giffen (R.) on the best method of ascer¬ taining and measuring variations in the value of the monetary standard , 1887, 247; 1888, 181; 1889, 133; 1890,485 - Address to the Section of Economic Science and Statistics, 1887, 806 - on the statistical data available for determining the amount of the precious metals in use as money, fc,., 1888, 219 ; 1889, 164; 1890, 498 Gifford (Earl of), report of the com¬ mittee on steamship performance , 1861, 190; 1862, 282; 1863, 339 Giglioli (Prof.) on Italian explorers in New Guinea, 1879, 457 Gilbert (G. K.), plan for the subject- bibliography of North American geo¬ logy, 1884, 732 f - notes on topographic maps pro¬ duced by the United States Geological Survey, 1888, 747 - (Dr. J. H.) on some points in con¬ nection with the exhaustion of soils, 1861, 84 - on the effects of different manures on the mixed herbage of grass land, 1862, 191 Gilbert (Dr. J. H.) on the accumulation of the nitrogen of manure in the soil, 1866, 40 ; on the sources of the fat of the animal body, 41, *92 - on the treatment and. utilisation of sewage, 1869, 313; 1871, 166; 1872, 135; 1873, 413; 1874, 200; 1875, 65; 1876, 225 - on some points in connection with agricultural chemistry, 1879, 315 - Address to the Chemical Section, 1880, 507 - [Prof. J. H.], note on some condi¬ tions of the development, and of the activity, of chlorophyll, 1885, 970 - [Dr.] and J. B. Lawes on the com¬ position of wheat grown for twenty years in succession on the same land, '1867, 36 - and Sir J. B. Lawes on some points in the composition of soils, with results illustrating the sources of fertility in Manitoba prairie soils, 1884, 686 * - and Sir J. B. Lawes on the present aspect of the question of the sources of the nitrogen of vegetation, 1887, 660 *Gilchrist (Dr.) on the red soil of India, 1876, 90 Giles (A.) on the Southampton Docks, 1882, 669 Gill (C. Haughton) and Dr. Meusel on paraffin and its products of oxidation, 1868, 39 * - (Dr. D.) on the parallax of a plane¬ tary nebula, 1871, 34 * - on a new method of maintaining the motion of a free pendulum in vacuo, 1878, 486 - on improvements in astronomical clocks, *1879, 13 1 ; 1880, 56 - (Rev. W. W.) on coral caves with human bones in stalagmite on Mangaia, South Pacific, 1873, 144 ; on three visits to New Guinea, 169 - on the origin of the South Sea Islanders, 1875, 1 73 ; some traditions of the Hervey Islanders, 174 - (Lieut.) on some roads in Northern Persia and on the Russio- Persian fron¬ tier, 1874, 182 Gill skeleton of Selache maxima , Dr. A. Macalister on the, 1878, 600 *Gillott (Thomas) on designing pointed roofs, 1871, 239 *Gilpin (Governor) on the physical geo¬ graphy of Colorado and the adjacent regions, 1870, 170 - (E., jun.), results of past experi¬ ence in gold mining in Nova Scotia, 18S4, 71 1 ; a comparison of the dis¬ tinctive features of Nova Scotian coal¬ fields, 712 176 GENERAL INDEX Gilson (Prof. G.), the spermatogenesis of the acarians and the laws of sper¬ matogenesis in general, 1887, 75^ - the odoriferous apparatus of Flaps mortisaga, 1888, 727 - the secretion of silk by the silkworm, 1889, 628 _ _ on secreting cells, 1890, 861 *Gimingham (C. H.) on a modification of the Sprengel pump, and a new form of vacuum-tap, 1876, 49 _ on improvements in astronomical clocks, *1879, 131 ; 1880, 56 Ginsburg (Rev. Dr.) on the relation of the ancient Moabites to neighbouring nations, as disclosed in the newly-dis¬ covered Moabite stone, 1870, 149 * - further disclosures of the Moabite stone, 1871, 179 - on the exploration of Southern Moab , 1872, 210 Gipsies, John Crawfurd on the origin of the, 1863, 135 * - Dr. Charnock on the origin of the, 1865, 1 17 - Dr. Charnock on Roumanian, 1872, 177 - B. C. Smart on the English, and their dialect, 1861, 199 - and an ancient Hebrew race, in Sus and the Sahara, R. G. Haliburton on, 1887, 908 Gipsy dialect called ‘ Sim,’ Dr. Charnock on the, 1872, 177 Girder bridges , the design of, some points for the consideration of English engi¬ neers with reference to, W. Shelf or d and A. II. Shield on, 1886, 472 Girders, wrought-iron, Wm. Fairbairn's experiments upon, 1861, 286 - - J. L. Stothert and Robert Pitt on a machine for testing, 1864, 189 Girdlestone (Rev. Canon) on the con¬ dition of the agricultural labourer, es¬ pecially in the west of England, 1868, l65 - - on the maintenance of schools in rural districts, 1869, 191 Girdwood (Prof. G. P.) and J. Bemrose, preliminary notes on a blue-colouring matter found in certain wood under¬ going decomposition in the forest, 1884, 689 Girishk, the country between Kandahar and, Capt. R. Beavan on, 1879, 445 Girls, Lydia E. Becker on statistics re¬ garding the attendance and education of, in the elementar\ schools of Man¬ chester, 1872, 220 Glacial action, Rev. P. B. Brodie on the Drift in part of Warwickshire, and on the evidtnce which it affords of, 1865, 49 - action in tropical In liain Palasozoic (or the oldest Mesozoic) times, W. T. Blanford on some evidence of, 1873, 76 Glacial beds, Acadian and Scottish, points of dissimilarity and resemblance be¬ tween, R. Richardson on, 1884, 722 - deposits at Montrose, Dr. HowTden on the, 1885, 1040 - deposits of West Cumberland, J. D. Kendall on the, 1881, 617 - Drift in the Shetland Islands, C. W. Peach on traces of, 1864, 59 - epoch, John Curry on the general conditions of the, 1871, 95 - erratics of Leicestershire and War¬ wickshire, Rev. W. Tuckwell on the, 1886, 627 - formation, the middle, of the east of England, the palaeontological aspects of, and their bearing upon the age of the Middle Sands of Lancashire, S. V. Wood and F. W. Harmer on, 1870, 90 - - - geology of central Wales, W. Keep¬ ing on the, 1881, 648 - markings noticed on sandstone con¬ glomerates at Skelmorlie and Aberfoil, Prof. J. Thomson on features in, 1882, 537 - motion, William Hopkins on the theories of, 1861, 61 - motion in 1883, some measurements of, Prof. A. Schuster on, 1883, 432 - - movements in the vicinity of Mount St. Elias, Sir E. Belcher on, 1861, 186 - origin of lake basins, Dr. A. R. C. Selwyn on the, 1884, 721 - period, W. Boyd Dawkins on the relation of the Quaternary mammalia to the, 1871, 95 - period, Rev. J. Brodie on the action of ice in what is usually termed the, 1875, 63 - period, Dr. C. Ricketts on the cause of the, with reference to the British Isles, 1875, 79 * - period, Rev. \V. S. Symonds on changes of climate during the, 1875,82 — — period in Great Britain, a former, existing under similar meteorological conditions to those that rule at the present time, W. F. Stanley on pro¬ posed conditions to account for, 1885, 1020 - - - period, further evidence of the ex¬ tension of the ice in the North Sea during the, by B. N. Peach and J. Horne, 1885, 1036 - period, Prof. Otto Torell on the ex¬ tension of the Scandinavian ice to Eastern England in the, 1887, 723 - period, G W. Lam pi ugh on East Yorkshire during the, 1890, 798 - periods, evaporation and eccentricity as co-factors in, Rev. E. Hill on, 1881, 631 GENERAL INDEX. 177 Glacial periods, former, in the northern hemisphere, the improbability that they were due to eccentricity of the •earth’s orbit, and to its winter peri¬ helion in the north, W. F. Stanley on, 1884, 723 * - phenomena in the central district of England, Rev. H. W. Crosskey on the, 1870, 72 - phenomena of the Isle of Man, P. F. Kendall on the, 1890, 807 - phenomena of the Midland, district, Dr. Crosskey on the , 1886, 224 - - and Post-Glacial deposits in the neighbourhood of Llandudno, H. F. Hall on the, 1870, 72 - and Post-Glacial structure of Nor¬ folk and Suffolk, S. V. Wood, jun.,and F. W. Harmer on the, 1868, 80 - sections at York, and their relation to the later deposits, J. E. Clark on, 1881, 614 * - shell-beds of the Carse of Gowrie, Rev. W. H. Crosskey on the relation of the, to those in the West of Scot¬ land, 1867, 58 - shell-beds at Bridlington and Dim- lington, G. W. Lamplugh on, 1881, 616 - strim lately exposed at Portmadoc, J. E. Lee on remarkable, 1869, 95 - views, the extreme, of Agassiz and his scholars, a criticism of the, by H. H. Howarth, 1889, 589 Glaciated rock-surfaces of the Yorkshire coast, G. W. Lamplugh on the boulders and, 1890, 79 7 Glaciation, the direction of, as ascertained by the form of the striae, Prof. H. C. Lewis on, 1885, 1019 - - of North America, Great Britain, and Ireland, comparative studies upon the, by Prof. H. C. Lewis, 1886, 632 - of Ireland, and the tradition of Lough Lurgan, W. M. Williams on the, 1878, 528 Glacier, l’ancien, Charles Martins et E. Collomb sur, de la vallee d’Argeles, dans les Pyrenees, 1867, 66 • - kames, marginal, Prof. H. C. Lewis on, 1884, 720 - phenomena of the valley of the Upper Indus, Capt. Godwin- Austen on the, 1862, 67 • - system in S. Norway, Charles M. Doughty on the Yostedal Brae, 1864, 143 Glaciers, formation of, and Boulder-Clays, Rev. J. Gunn on the agency of the alternate elevation and subsidence of the land in the, 1871, 100 - - active and extinct, in South Green¬ land, Col. Shaffner on, 1861, 198 - Col. T. G. Montgomerie on Hima¬ layan, 1875, 193 Glaciers, North and East of Llangollen, W. Mattieu Williams on the ancient, and more particularly of the neighbourhood of the Hope Mountain, 1865, 77 - - Rev. G. Browne on the prismatic formation of ice in ice-caves and, 1864, 24, *52 Gladstone (G.), observations on the atmospheric lines of the solar spectrum in high latitudes, 1868, 18 • - microscopical observations at Mun¬ ster am Stein, 1869, 112 • - on the dust thrown up by Vesuvius during the late eruption, 1872, 74 - on the refraction of fluorine, 1885, 970 - and Dr. J. H. Gladstone on an aluminous mineral from the Upper Chalk near Brighton, 1861, 79 - on the refraction and dispersion of fluorbenzene and allied compounds, 1890, 772 - (Dr. J. H,), report on observations of luminous meteors, 1861, 1 - on the distribution of fog around the British Isles, 1861, 57 ; 1862, 31 ; on the emission and absorption of rays of light by certain gases, 79 - - on the essential oil of bay and other aromatic oils, 1862, 43 ; on the means of observing the lines of the solar spec¬ trum due to the terrestrial atmosphere, ib. - report on the application of gun¬ cotton to warlike purposes, 1863. 1 ; 1865, 264; report on fog-signals, 1863, 105 - on specific refractive energy, 1863, 12; on fogs, 2 1 - on the transmission of the red ray by many coloured solutions, 1864, n - report on the transmission of sound under water , 1865, 192; 1866, 212 - on the refraction equivalent of carbon, 1865, 11 - on dispersion-equivalents, 1866, 10 ; on the refraction- and dispersion- equivalents of chlorine, bromine, and iodine, 37 - on the refraction-equivalents of salts in solution, 1867, 34 - on the value of the hollow wedge in examining absorption spectra, 1868, 18 ; on refraction-equivalents and chemical theories, 37 - on the relation between the specific refractive energies and the combining proportions of metals, 1869, 22 - on reciprocal decomposition viewed with reference to time, 1870, 57 - on crystals of silver, 1871, 70 - on the chemical constitution and optical properties of essential oils, 1872, 3 1 1 ; 1873,214; 1874,17 - on the determination of high tcm- N 178 GENERAL INDEX. p>eratures by refracted rays, 1873, 461 ; on science-lectures and organisation , 507 Gladstone (Dr. J. H.), Address to the Chemical Section, 1872, 64; on filiform native silver, 75 - exhibition of photographs of fluor¬ escent substances, 1873, 38 ; on black deposits of metals, 63 - - . on the relation of the arrangement of the acids and bases in a mixture of salts to the original manner of com¬ bination, 1875, 43 ; on the recent dis¬ covery of a stone implement in the brick-earth of Erith, 175 - on chemical research, 1876, 314 * - on the influence of the condition and quantity of the negative element on the action of the copper-zinc couple, 1876, 64 * - on some points connected with the chemical constituents of the solar system, 1877, 41 ; on some candles altered by long exposure to sea-water, 5i - - on elementary natural science in the Board schools of London, 1879, 475 - on the appointment of II. M. inspec¬ tors of elementary schools, 1880, 219 - on the refraction- equivalent of diamond and the carbon compounds, 1880, 535 - - on meteoric dust, 1881, 88; 1882, 90; 1883, 126; 1884, 38; 1885, 34 . — _ on the manner in which rudimentary science should be taught, and how examinations should be held therein, in elementary schools, 1881, 148 ; on the method of determining the specific re¬ fraction of solids from their solutions, 155 „ - on the specific refraction and disper¬ sion of light by liquids, 1881, 591 - on the workings of the proposed re¬ vised New Code , and of other legislation affecting the teaching of science in ele¬ mentary schools, 1882, 307 ; 1883, 309 - on secondary batteries, with special reference to local action, 1882, 447 - - on the work of the Anthropometric Committee , 1883, 253 - Address to the Chemical Section, 1883, 448 ; on the length of the pris¬ matic spectrum as a test of chemical purity, 461 - on the teaching of science in ele¬ mentary schools, 1884, 283 ; 1885, 692 ; 1886,2 78; 1887, 163; 1888, 164; 1889, 131 ; 1890, 489 . - on the present state of our know¬ ledge of refraction equivalents, 1884, 674 _ on the value of the refraction goniometer in chemical wrork, 1885, 970 Gladstone (Dr. J. H.) on electrolysis in its physical and chemical bearings , 1886, 308; 1887, 336; 1888, 339; 1889, 223 ; 1890, 138 * — — the essential oils, a study in opti¬ cal chemistry, 1886, 599 - on the action of an electric current in hastening the formation of lagging compounds, 1887, 344 * - dispersion equivalents and constitu¬ tional formulae, 1887, 660 - on the p>resent methods of teaching chemistry, 1888, 73 ; 1889, 228 ; 1890, 265 - on the molecular refraction of sub¬ stances in solution, 1890, 322 - and G. Gladstone on an alumi¬ nous mineral from the Upper Chalk near Brighton, 1861, 79 - on the refraction and dispersion of fluorbenzene and allied compounds, 1890, 772 - - and W. Hibbert on the conduction of alloys and solid sulphides, 1888, 347 : on the electrolysis of thallium trisul¬ phide, 349 - on the molecular weight of caout¬ chouc and other colloids, 1888, 640 - and Dr. W. H. Perkin on the cor¬ respondence between the molecular refraction, dispersion, and magnetic rotation of carbon compounds, 1889,515 - and A. Tribe on the corrosion of copper plates by nitrate of silver, 1871, 29; experiments on chemical djmamics, 70 - - - and A. Tribe on the mutual help¬ fulness of chemical affinity, heat, and electricity in producing the decompo¬ sition of water, 1872, 75 - and A. Tribe, electrolytic experi¬ ments on some metallic chlorides, 1874. 58 - and A. Tribe on the action of the copper-zinc couple, 1875, 43 ; on the augmentation of the chemical activity of aluminium by contact with a more negative metal, ib. - and A. Tribe on aluminium alco¬ hols, 1878, 508 - and A. Tribe, electrotysi s of dilute sulphuric acid in secondary batteries, 1883, 464 * Glceocapsa, a spore-producing, from the great conservatory at Chatsworth, Prof. M. A. Lawson on, 1879, 377 Glaisher (J.), report on observations of luminous meteors, 1861, 1; 1862, 1: 1863, 209; 1864, 1; 1865, 57; 1866, 16; 1867, 288; 1S68, 344; 1869, 216: 1870, 76; 1871, 26; 1872, 57; 1873, 349; 1874,269; 1875, 199; 1876, 1 iq: 1877, 98; 1878, 258; 1879, 76; 1880, 39 ; 1881, 290 GENERAL INDEX. 179 Glaisher(J.) on a deep-sea thermometer invented by Henry Johnson, 1861, 58 ; on a deep-sea pressure-gauge invented by Henry Johnson, 59; *on a daily weather map, on Admiral FitzRoy’s paper on the Royal Charter storm, and on some meteorological documents relating to Mr. Green’s balloon ascents, 61 - an account of meteorological and physical observations in eight balloon ascents , 1862, 376 ; 1863, 426 ; 1864, 193 ; 1865, 145 ; 1866, 367 - on a new barometer used in the last balloon ascents, 1862, 31 - on mapping the surface of the moon , 1865, 286; 1866, 214; 1867, 1; 1868, 1 ; 1869, 76 - experiments off Yentnor with Mr. Johnson’s deep-sea pressure-gauge, 1866, 24 - report on the rainfall of the JBHtish Isles, 1867, 448 ; 1868, 432 ; 1869, 383 ; 1870, 170; 1871,98; 1872, 176; 1873, 257 ; 1874, 75 ; 1875, 91 ; 1876, 172 - - . on the rate of increase of under¬ ground temperature, 1868, 510; 1869, 176; 1870, 29; 1871, 14; 1872, 128; 1873, 252; 1875, 14. 156; 1876, 204; 1877, 194; 1878, 178; 1879, 40; 1880, 26; 1881, 90; 1882, 72; 1883, 45; 1885, 93; 1889, 35 - on the provision existing in the United Kingdom for the vigorous prose¬ cution of physical research, 1869, 213 - on the changes of temperature and humidity of the air up to 1,000 feet, from observations made in the car of M. Giffard’s captive balloon, 1869, 27 - on the temperature of the air at 4 feet, 22 feet, and 50 feet above the ground, 1870, 33 - on mathematical tables, 1878, 172; 1879, 46; 1880, 30 ; 1881, 303; 1883, 118 - on the circulation of underground maters, 1878, 382 ; 1879, 155 ; 1880, 87 : 1881, 309; 1882, 213; 1883, 147; 1884, 96; 1885,380; 1886, 235; 1887, 358; 1888, 145 ; 1889, 71 ; 1890, 352 - on the best means of ascertaining the effective mind pressures to which buildings and structures are exposed, *1881, 77 9; 1882, 315; on the survey of Eastern Palestine, 1882, 296; 1883, 308 ; 1 884, 272 ; 1885, 691 - on the advisability and possibility of establishing in other parts of the country observations up on the prevalence of earth tremors similar to those now being made in Durham, 1888, 522 - on the proposals of M. Tondini de Quarenghi relative to the unification of time, and the adoption of a prime meridian, 1889, 49 GLxiiSHER (J. W. L.) on certain definite integrals, 1871, 10; on Lambert’s proof of the irrationality of 71-, and on the ir¬ rationality of certain other quantities, 12 ; on the calculation of e (the base of the Napierian logarithms) from a continued fraction, 16 - on the evaluation in series of cer¬ tain definite integrals, 1872, 15 ; on the function that stands in the same relation to Bernoulli’s numbers that the gamma-function does to factorials, 17 ; on the law of distribution of prime numbers, 19 - on mathematical tables, 1873. 1 : 1875,305; 1878, 172; 1879, 46; 1880, 30; 1881, 303 ; 1883, 118 — — on certain propositions in the theory of numbers deduced from elliptic- transcendent identities, 1873, 10; on the negative minima of the gamma function, 13 ; on the introduction of the decimal point into arithmetic, ib. - on partitions and derivations, 1874, 11 ; on some elliptic-transcendent relations, 15 - on mathematical notation and print¬ ing, 1875, 337 - on the formulae of verification in partitions, 1875, 11; on theorems on the nth. roots of unity, 13 — — on instruction in elementary geome¬ try, and on the syllabus drawn up by the Association for the improvement of geometrical teaching, 1876, 8 - on certain determinants, 1876, 13; on a series summation leading to an expression for the theta function as a definite integral, 15 * - on the values of a class of deter¬ minants, 1877, 20; on the enumeration of the primes in Burckhardt and Dase's tables, ib. - on Babbage's analytical machine, 1878, 92 - on the law of force to any point when the orbit is a conic, 1878, 464; on the solution of a differential equa¬ tion allied to Riccati’s, 469 ; on certain special enumerations of primes, 470 ; on circulating decimals, 471 - on the enumerations of primes of the forms hn +1 and \.n + 3, 1879, 268 ; on formulae in elliptic functions, 269 ; summation of a class of trigonome¬ trical series, ib. - on the deduction of trigonometrical from elliptic function formulae, 1880, 477; on algebraical expansions, of which the fractional series for the cotangent and cosecant are the limiting- forms, 482 ; note on a trigonometrical identity involving products of four sines, 484 N 2 180 GENERAL INDEX. Glaisher (J. W. L.) *on the ^-series in elliptic functions, 1881, 535 ; on the general analogy between the formulas of singly and doubly periodic functions, 548 - on a partial differential equation, 1882, 454 ; on a theorem in elliptic functions, 456 - on the possibility of calculating tables of certain mathematical func¬ tions , 1889, 28 - Address to the Mathematical and Physical Section, 1890, 719; *on some arithmetical functions connected with the elliptic functions of ^K, 745 Glass, R. W. Swinbourne on, 1863, 55 - action of sunlight on colourless and coloured, T. Gaffield on the, 1872, 37 - . - decomposition of ancient, H. Deane on a particular, 1861, 78 - engraving by hydrofluoric acid, M. L. Kessler on, 1863, 44 - rigidity of, Dr. J. D. Everett on the results of experiments on the, 1867, 153 - Prof. Stokes on the researches of the late Rev. W. V. Harcourt on the conditions of transparency in, and the connection between the chemical con¬ stitution and optical properties of dif¬ ferent glasses, 1871, 38 - titano-silicic, Prof. Stokes and J. Hopkinson on the optical properties of a, 1875, 26 * - toughened, J. D. Cogan on, 1875, 245 Glazebrook (R. T.) on standards for use in electrical measurements , 1883, 41 ; 1884, 29 ; 1885, 31 ; 1886, 145 ; 1887, 206 ; 1888, 55 ; 1889, 41 ; 1890, 95 - report on optical theories , 1885, 157; the work of MacCullagh, Neumann, Green, and Cauchy, ib. ; modern de¬ velopments of the elastic solid theory , 170 ; theories based on the mutual reac¬ tion between the ether and matter, 212 ; the electro-magnetic theory, 251 - - supplement to a report on optical theories, 1887, 208 - on a point in the theory of double refraction, 1885, 929 - on electrolyses in its physical and chemical bearings, 1887, 336 ; 1888, 339; 1889, 223; 1890, 138 ‘ * - - on the permanence of the B.A. standards of resistance, 1887, 608 - on the desirability of introducing a uniform nomenclature for the funda¬ mental units of mechanics, 1888, 27 * - on standards of electrical resist¬ ance, 1888, 616 - on the values of certain standard resistance coils, 1890, 98 ; the B.A. unit standards, ib. ; the legal ohm standards , 101 ; on the air -con¬ densers of the British Association, 102 ; on the absolute resistance of mercury, 136, *733 ; on researches on electro- optics, 144 Glazebrook (R. T.) and T. C. Fitz¬ patrick on the values of some standard resistance coils, 1886, 147 - and T. C. Fitzpatrick on the per¬ manence of the original standards of re¬ sistance of the British A ssociation and of other standard coils , 1888, 56 - — — and Prof. O. J. Lodge on the deter¬ mination of ‘v’ by means of electric oscillations, 1889, 497 Glen Roy, the parallel roads of. J. Mac- fadzean on, *1876, 93 ; D. Milne Home on, ib. Glendale, Northumberland, the former physical condition of, G. P. Hughes on, 1883, 498 Glennie (J. S. Stuart) on the resistance of the ether to the comets and planets, and on the rotation of the latter, 1861, 13 ; on the application of the principle of the conservation of force to the mechanical explanation of the correla¬ tion of forces, 26 - - on the prehistoric race in the Greeh, islands, 1888, 99 - Pelasgians, Etruscans, and Iberians : their relations to the founders of the Chaldean and Egyptian civilisations, 1888, S57 - on the nomad tribes of Asia Minor and Northern Persia, 1889, 176; 1890, 535 - on the Aryan cradleland. 1890, 971 *Globe, a portable, G. H. Darwin on, and on some maps of the world, 1873, 167 f - vertical relief of the, Dr. H. R. Mill on the, 1890, 888 Globiocephalus Svineval, Prof. Turner on the anatomy of the pilot whale, 1867, 104 Glottis, Dr. George D. Gibb on voluntary closure of the, independently of the act of breathing. 1863, 115 - Dr. G. D. Gibb on the various forms assumed by the, 1864, 122 *Glover (George) on instruments for the measurement of gas, 1864, 186 - on a uniformity of weights and mea¬ sures, 1867, 468 ; 1868, 484; 1869, 308; 1870, 232; 1871, 198; 1872, 25 * - (John) on the decline of ship¬ building on the Thames, 1869, 19 1 Glover's (Sir John) expedition from the Volta to Coomassie, Surgeon-Major S. Rowe on, 1874, 175 Glow lamps, the law regulating the con¬ nection between current and intensity of incandescence of carbon filaments in, \V. H. Preece on, 1884, 654 *Glucinum, its atomic weight and specific heat, Dr. J. E. Reynolds on, 1876, 68 GENERAL INDEX 181 *Glycocine, T. Fairley on, 1865, 29 Gnarled series of Amlwch and Holyhead, in Anglesea, Prof. T. McK. Hughes on the, 1881, 644 Gneisses, banded, the origin of, J. J. H. Teall on the, 1887, 707 Goddard (J. T.) on the cloud-mirror and sunshine-recorder, 1861, 61 Godillot (A.), note on the Godillot furnace, 1889, 750 Godman (F. Du C.) on the present state of our knowledge of the zoology and botany of the West India Islands, and on the steps taken to investigate ascer¬ tained deficiencies in the fauna and flora, 1889, 93 ; 1890, 447 God win- Austen (Capt. H. H.) on the glacier phenomena of the valley of the Upper Indus, 1862, 67 - on the district of Lake Pangong, in Tibet, 1866, 100 - [Major H. H.] on the Garo Hill tribes of Bengal, 1872, 186 - on the rude stone monuments of the Khasi Hill tribes, 1874, 153 - [Lieut. -Col. H. H.] on the lower course of the Brahmaputra or Tsanpo, 1877, 144 - on the capreolus (of Lister) or the spermatophore of some of the Indian species of the Helicidee, 1879, 377 - on the Post-tertiary and more re¬ cent deposits of Kashmir and the Upper Indus Valley, 1880, 589 — — on the steps taken for investigating the natural history of Socotra, 1880, 212; I88L194; 1882,28i; 1883,227; on the Socotran land and fresh water shells, 1881, 196 - Address to the Geographical Section, 1883, 576 - — - on the exploration of New Guinea , 1885, 690 - on a trip from Upper Assam into the Kampti country and the western branch of the Irrawady river, made by Col. B. B. Woodthorpe, RE., and Major C. R. MacGregor, 1885, 1126 * - (R. A. C.) on the alluvial deposits of the Rhine, 1862, 195 - on the alluvial accumulation in the valleys of the Somme and Ouse, 1863, 68 — — - Address to the Geological Section, 1868, 51 ; 1872, 90 - the Devonian group considered geologically and geographically, 1869, 88 - on the importance of completing , without delay, the valuable investiga¬ tion into the composition and geological distribution of the hcematite iron ores of Great Britain and Ireland, 1870, 9 • - on the Sub-Wealden exploration, 1873, 490; 1874, 21 ; 1875, 346; 1878, 380 *Godwin-Austen (R. A. C.) on the geo¬ logical significance of the boring at Messrs. Meus’s brewer}7, London, 1877, 7 1 - on some further evidence as to the range of the Palceozoic rocks beneath the south-east of England, 1879, 277 *Goitre, G. A. Lebour on the geological distribution of, in England, 1872, 115 Gold, assays of, report of the committee on the method of making, and of stating the results thereof, 1873,219; 1874, 127; 1875, 155 - atomic weight of, preliminary notice of a redetermination of the, by Prof. J. W. Mallet, 1887, 635 - bearing eruptive rocks in South America, David Forbes on the exist¬ ence of, 1865, 52 - coinage, British, W. Chandler Ro¬ berts on a curve illustrating the, 1872, 82 * - coins of Columbia, New Granada, Chili, and Bolivia, Prof. G. Lawson on the analyses of, 1867, 37 - colour of, David Forbes on the, as seen by transmitted light, 1865, 30 * - discoveries, recent, the economic effects of, H. Fawcett on, 1862, 196 ; 1863, 192 - extracting, F. Ciace-Calvert on a new method of, from auriferous ores, 1864, 25 - field of South Africa, Dr. Mann on the, 1868, 137 — — fields, the South African, Sir J. Swinburne on, 1870, 176 - fields, Witwatersrand, South Africa, E. B. Dorsey on the, 1889, 592 * - fields of Natal, Dr. R. J. Mann on the, 1869, 96 - fields and the quartz outcrops of Southern India, W. King on the, 1881, 639 - fields of Otago, W. Lauder Lindsay on the geology of the, 1862, 77 - fields of Auckland, New Zealand, W. Lauder Lindsay on the geology of the, 1862, 80 - fields of Scotland, Dr. W. Lauder Lindsay on the, 1867, 64 - fields, Scottish, Dr. J. Bryce on the matrix of the gold found in the, 1870, 70 - fields of North Wales, T. A. Read- win on the, 1861, 129 * - bearing strata of Merionethshire, T. A. Readwin on the, 1862, 87 - discovery of, near Bala Lake, T. A. Readwin on the recent, 1863, 86 - district of Dolgelly, J. W. Salter on a map of the faults in the, 1865, 73 182 GENERAL INDEX, *Gold at Gwynfynydd, North Wales, T. A. Readwin on the recent discovery of, 1865, 73 - quartz crystal, a Merionethshire, and some stream gold recently found in the river Mawddach, T. A. Readwin on, 1870, 84 _ in limestone at Walton, Clevedon, W. W. Stoddart on, 1875, 81 _ for melting, G. Gore on a new gas- furnace, 1863, 43 _ mining in Nova Scotia, results of past experience in, by E. Gilpin, jun., 1884, 71 1 - the mobility of, in molten lead, Prof. W. C. Roberts on, 1883, 464 _ ore, C. Le Neve Foster on the ‘duty’ of Arrastres in reducing, in Italy, 1873, 214 _ the origin of, Prof. J. L. Lobley ou, 1890, 824 * _ _ — pseudomorphs, some recent, T. A. Readwin on, 1877, 53 _ separation of, from quartz. Dr. Smith on certain difficulties in the, 1861, 92 - and silver : their geological distri¬ bution and their probable future pro¬ duction, TF. Topley on, 1887, 510 - and tin of the ancients, C. 0. Groom- Napier on the localities from whence the, were derived, 1875, 177 - surfaces, some recent changes of, T. A. Readwin on, 1877, 53 - standard, the British, Dr. W. N. Hancock on the importance of extend¬ ing, to India, 1876, 198 - standard in England, the relation of the, to the international money market, Hyde Clarke on, 1881, 759 - standard for India, the depreciation of silver and a, S. Mason on, 1876, 207 - value of, measuring changes in the. J. L. Shadweli on, 1883, 626 - versus goods, J. B. Martin on, 1883, 625 Goldixg (J. F.), the process of manu¬ facturing netting by slitting and ex¬ panded sheet metal, 1890, 949 Goldsmid (Col. F. J.), notes on Eastern Persia and Western Beloochistan, 1866, no - notes of recent travel in Persia, 1873, 171 - [Major-Gen. Sir F. J.] Address to the Geographical Section, 1886, 712 - on the nomad tribes of Asia Minor and Northern Persia , 1890, 535 - a railway through Southern Persia. 1890, 888 Gomersall (W.) on the round boulder hills of Craven, 1873, 80 Gonangia, the male, of Distichipora and Allopora, Dr. S. J. Hickson on, 1890, 864 *Goxxer (E. C. K.) on the drawbacks of modern economic progress, 1890, 928 Gooch (W. D.) on the stone age in South Africa, 1880, 622 Goodex (J. C.) 011 the erosion of the coast betiveen Chatham and Sheerness, 1885, 442 Goodisox and Reade (Messrs.) on the construction of sewers in running sand, 1870, 222 Goodman (Dr. John) on the functions of the liver, 1864, 123 - . on albumen and its transformation into fibrin by the agency of water, 1870, 139 - note on fibrin, 1871, 72 - on white corpuscles, their nature and origin in the animal organism, 1873, 129 * - on protoplasm and adipocere, 1875, 167 - (J. D.) on the small arms manu¬ facture of Birmingham, 1865, 150 Goodridge (R. E. W.) on the periodicity of mild winters, 1889, 510 Goodwix (Prof. W. L.) on the investiga¬ tion of certain physical constants of solution, especially the expansion of saline solutions, 1885, 261 : 1886, 207 ; 1887, 48 _ and Prof. D. H. Marshall on the physical constants of solutions, 1884, 679 Gop Cairn and Cave, the recent explora¬ tion of, Prof. Boyd Dawkins on, 1886, s39 *Goppert (Prof.) on the inapplicability of fossil plants to support the theory of gradual transformation, 1868, 65 Gordox- (A. McC.) on the prevention of lead-poisoning in water, 1870, 60 - on the distribution of pure water to dwellings, 1872, 246 * _ (Rev. C. R.) on the laws discover¬ able as to the formation of land on the globe, 1861, 1 12 - - (G. J.), notes of mild steel, 18S5, 1200 - f(J. E. H.) some experiments on specific inductive capacity, 1878, 433 ; on the effect of variation of pressure on the length of disruptive discharge in air, ib. - on some new instruments recently constructed for the continuation of re¬ searches on specific inductive capacity, 1879, 249 ; on secular changes in the specific inductive capacity of glass, 250 - on accurately measuring the specif c inductive capacity of a good Sprengcl vacuum, and the specific resistance of gases at different pressures, 1880, 197 * - (Col. T. E.) on the exploration of the Pamir Steppe, 1875, 193 GENERAL INDEX. 183 Gore (G.) on a new gas-furnace for melt¬ ing gold, &c., 1863, 43 - (R. T.) on the mortality of the city of Bath, 1864, 167 - - - (Lieut. St. G. C.) on the Pishin valley, 1879, 446 GoRHxiM (J. M.) and B. Drake on re¬ cent progress in secondary batteries, 1886, 813 Gorilla, Dr. J. E. Gray on the height of the, 1861, 144 - in the British Museum, Dr. J. E. Gray on the, 1861, 144 - Dr. Edwards Crisp on the intestinal canal and other viscera of the, 1868, 114 - and Chimpanzee, observations on the myology of the, by Dr. J. Symington, 1889, 629 - skeleton, an infantile, some points in the osteology of, Dr. Allen Thomson on, 1878, 597 Gossage (W.) on the history of the alkali manufacture, 1861, 80 - - on soda manufacture, 1870, 58 Gotch (F.) and J. P. Laws on the blood of Liviulus polyphemus, 1884, 774 Goto (M.) and M. Maclean, electri¬ fication of air by combustion, 1889, 506 Gott (C.) on the Bradford Waterworks, 1873, 451 Gould (C.) results of the geological survey of Tasmania, 1861, 112 - - - (R. de T.) on decimal coinage and measures in America, 1882, 653 *Gouraud (Col. G. E.) on the phono¬ graph, 1888, 792 Gourlay (Henry) on the shipbuilding at Dundee, 1867, 137 Government action on scientific ques¬ tions, Lieut. -Colonel Strange on, 1871, 56 * - establishments of Plymouth and neighbourhood, R. N. Worth on the, 1877, 219 - property, F. P. Fellows on establish¬ ing a Doomsday Book giving the value of, as a basis of a sound system of national finance and accounts, 1871, 21 1 ; 1873, 186; *1874, 204 Grabham (Dr. M.) on atmospheric elec¬ tricity at Madeira , 1879, 63 — — on the biological relations of Bugio, an Atlantic rock in the Madeira group, 1886, 695 - — - on the collection and identification of meteoric dust, 1889, 34 *Graciosa and Hierro, two outlying mem¬ bers of the Canary Islands, notes on the natural history of, by Rev. Canon Tristram, 1890, 855 Graft theory of disease, Dr. J. Ross on the, 1872, 152 Graham (Cyril) on exploration in Pales¬ tine, 1867, 1 16 * - the Dominion of Canada, especially with regard to the geography of the North-west territory, 1882, 628 ■ - (Rev. Dr.) on the rate if increase of under g round te mperature, 1868, 510; 1869, 176; 1870, 29; 1871, 14; 1872, 128; 1873,252; 1875, 14, 156 - (T.), report on the uniformity of ■weights and measures , 1864, 102; 1865, 375 * - (Prof. W.) on socialism, 1887, 852 *Grain elevators, Y. C. Van Horn on, 1884, 895 - F. Purdy on the quantity and value of foreign, imported into the United Kingdom since the repeal of the Corn Laws, 1864, 17 1 * - sieve, J. H. Greenhill on an im¬ proved, 1876, 225 Grainger (Rev. Dr.) on the fossils of the Post-Tertiary deposits of Ireland, 1874, 73 - on excavations at Bortstewart and elsewhere in the North of Ireland, 1879, 171 Gramineous herbage of water meadows, Prof. W. Fream on the, 1887, 744 Gramme magneto-electric machine, notes of experiments on the electric currents produced by the, by A. N. Breguet, 1874, 83 Granite, aqueous origin of, A. Bryson on the, 1861, no - blocks from Wasdale craig, Prof. J. Phillips on the distribution of, 1864, 65 — — of Dartmoor, on its northerly and easterly sides, G. Wareing Ormerod on the, 1869, 98 - metamorphic origin of, J. G. Mar¬ shall on the relation of the Eskdale granite at Bootle to the schistose rocks, with remarks on the general, 1861, 1 1 7 - the occurrence of, about tw7entv miles S.W. of the Eddystone, A. R. Hunt on, 1881, 610 - - and Old Red Sandstone, E. A. Wiinsch on the junction of, at Glen Sannox, Arran, 1876, 98 - in schistose rocks in Islay, J. Thom¬ son on the occurrence of pebbles and boulders of, 1870, 88 - schists into, D. T. Ansted on the passage of, in the island of Corsica, 1867, 54 - of Strath-Errick, Lough Ness, Dr. J. Bryce on the, 1876, 87 Granites of Dartmoor, W. Pengelly on the age of the, 1861, 127 - of Dartmoor and the English Channel, the age of the, A. R . Hunt on, 1889, 569 184 GENERAL INDEX. Granites and other rocks of Ben More, the Duke of Argyll on the, 1867, 55 - of Donegal , report on the chemical and mineralogical composition of the , 1862, 163 ; 1863, 48 Granitic, plutonic, and volcanic rocks of the Mourne Mountains and Slieve Croob, Prof. Hull and W. A. Traill on the relative ages of the, 1871, 101 - rocks of Donegal, Ft. H. Scott on the, 1861, 1 3 1 Granitoid gneiss or gneissoid granite, the occurrence of a boulder of, in the Halifax Hard-Bed coal, J. Spencer on, 1888, 661 ; note thereon by Prof. T. G. Bonney, ib. Grant (Col. C. A.) on a cotton-chart, showing the effect on cotton of the civil war in America, 1861, 1 66 - (J. A.) on the discovery of the sources of the Nile, 1863, 137 - [Lieut.-Col. J. A.] on the vegetable products of Central Africa, 1870, *117, 229 — - — on Dr. Livingstone's recent dis¬ coveries, 1872, 209 - - comparative sketch of what was known in Africa in 1830 with what is known in 1881, 1881, 746 - (J. F.) on the flora of Caithness, 1885, 1063 - (Prof. R.) on the measurement of the lunar disturbance of gravity, 1880, 25 ; 1881, 93 ; 1882, 95 Grantham (R. B.) on the Broads of East Norfolk, having reference to the water-supply, stowage, and drainage, 1868, 191 - - on tlie treatment and utilisation of seivage, 1869, 313; 1870, 49; 1871, 166; 1872, 135; 1873,413; 1874,200; 1875, 65 ; 1876, 225 - on the lams of the flow and action of water containing solid matter in sus¬ pension , 1869,-402 - - on the erosion of the sea-coasts of England and Wales, 1884, 238 ; 1885, 404 ; 1886, 847 ; 1888, 898 - on the erosion of the coast between Lyme Regis and Charmouth , 1885, 422 ; at Beading Harbour , ■ - of the formula (C5Hs)n, Prof. W. A. Tilden on, 1882, 494 - synthesis of some, W. Odling on the, 1862, 48 * - from turpentine, two new, A. C. Letts on, 1876, 65 - in the solar atmosphere, Capt. Abney on, 1881, 524 * - typical, from marsh-gas to anthra¬ cene, with the oxidation of the latter into anthroquinone and alizarine, Dr. MacVicar on the, 1870, 61 - wave-lengths of the spectra of the, Prof. W. Swan on the, 1871, 43 GENERAL INDEX. 215 ^Hydrochloric acid, Dr. A. Matthiessen and C. R. Wright on the action of, on morphia codeia, 1869, 69 * - physical constants of liquid acety¬ lene and, G. Ansdell on, 1879, 309 ^Hydrocyanic acid, the synthesis of, Prof. Dewar on, 1879, 317 Hydrodynamics , report on recent progress in : Part I., 1881, 57 ; Part II., Special problems , 1882, 39 Hydrofluoric acid, L. Kessler on glass¬ engraving by, 1863, 44 Hydrogen, absorption of, by electro-de¬ posited iron, W. Chandler Roberts on the, 1870, 62 f - action of, on polycyanides, Thomas Fairley on the, 1864, 26 - atom, the half of the, regarded as a primordial or formative element ; and the representation of the chemical elements by physical forms on that basis ; with models of the 25 elements from hydrogen to nickel constructed in accordance therewith, Dr. I. Ashe on, 1889, 546 - and chlorine bulbs, on photograph¬ ing, by aid of the flash of light which caused their explosion, by Prof. P. P. Bedson, 1888, 633 - dioxide, the mode of formation of, C. T. Kingzett on, 1882, 494 - - dioxide, reactions for the detection of, and the reactions for uranium, the limits of the, T. Fairley on, 1890, 783 * - liquid, the density of, Prof. J. Dewar on, 1884, 679 - - nascent, W. H. Perkin on chloride of methylene obtained from chloroform by means of, 1868, 40 - - and nitrogen, H. B. Baker on the alleged direct union of, 1883, 467 - and oxygen, the rate of explosion of, H. B. Dixon on, 1885, 905 * - peroxide and some uranium com¬ pounds, T. Fairley on, 1877, 51 * — — sulphuretted, Maxwell Lyte on an apparatus for the preservation or dis¬ engagement of, 1864, 32 - spectrum of, A. Schuster on the, 1872, 38 * - rays, G. Johnstone Stoney on the numerical relations between the wave¬ lengths of the, 1869, 24 ^Hydrogens, arseniuretted and anti- moniuretted, W. L. Scott on, 1865, 19 1 Hydro -geological surveys, B. Latham on the importance of, from a sanitary point of view, 1876, 226 , - survey of England, J. Lucas on the, 1878,692 *Hydro-geology, L’Abbe Richard on, 1871, 109 ■ - the quantitative elements of, B. Latham on, 1879, 499 Hydrography, Dr. Hurlbert on the, of the St. Lawrence and the great lakes, 1863, 73 - past omd present, Lieut. G . T. Temple on, 1879, 229 Hydroid zoophytes, Rev. Thomas Hincks on some new, 1864, 98 Hydroida, Dr. G. J. Allman on the re¬ productive system in the, 1863, 351 I. Sketch of the general morphology of the, 353 II. Morphology of the gonopliore, 360 III. Structure and formation of the generative elements, 382 IV. Comparison of the sexes, 386 V. Development, 389 VI. Heteromerism of the individual, 422 Hydrology, G. Lemoine on the relation of forests to, 1872, 210 Hydrometer, L. Oertling on the, and its adaptation to the present requirements of the Board of Inland Revenue, 1865, 21 t Hydrostatic balance, J. Joly on a, 1888, 564 Ilydrozoa, catalogue of Hebridean, 1866, '199 - oceanic, Dr. Collingwood on, 1867, 81 Hygiene, Dr. R. Caton on the teaching of, in Government schools, 1874, 198 * - physical education and, in schools, W. Jolly on, 1876, 207 Hygrometer, G. Dines on a new, 1872, 59 - self-registering, E. Vivian on, 1869, 53 Hygrometry of Ben Nevis, H. N. Dickson on the, 1887, 594 - in the ‘ Meteorological Journal,’ by C. P. Smyth, 1889, 508 • - wet- and dry-bulb formulae for, Prof, J, D. Everett on, 1871, 54 Hyksos, the, or shepherd-kings of Egypt, notes on, by Rev. H. G. Tomkins. 1888, 856 Hylton Dene, near Sunderland, George S. Brady on the zoology of, 1863, 100 ITymenoptera, John Lubbock on two aquatic, 1862, no Hyoid arch, the connection of the, with the cranium, Prof. Flower on, 1870, 136 - plate of the Astei’olepis of the Old Red Sandstone, J. Miller on the so-called, 1871, 106 Hyperelliptic functions, W. H. L. Russell on the, 1866, 6 - functions, W. H. L. Russell on recent progress in elliptic and, 1869, 334; 1870, 102 ; 1872, 335 - integrals, the periods of the first class of, W. R Roberts on, 1880, 485 Hypergeometric series, generalised, Prof, A. R. Forsyth on a, 1883, 408 216 GENERAL INDEX Hypnum Bambergeri, a new British moss, Dr. John Fraser on, 1868, 96 Hypobromous acid, Prof. H. E. Roscoe on, 1862, 54 Hypochlorous acid, chlorine, &c., and peroxide of hydrogen, T. Fairley on, 1874, 57 *IIypocycloid, three-cusped, a geometrical theorem in connection with the, by R. F. Davis, 1884, 649 Hypogeum, A. A. Carmichael on a, at Valaquie, North Uist, 1872, 176 - - J. F. Campbell on a visit to the, 1872, 175 *Hypolais icterina, British specimens exhibited by H. E. Dresser, 1872, 136 Hvponasty and epinasty, Prof. S. H. Vines on, 1889, 645 Hypsometry, Alexander J. Ellis on prac¬ tical, 1866, 1 *Hyrtl (Prof.) on nerves without ends, 1861, 167 ; *on the pneumatic processes of the occipital bone, ib. ; *on portions of lungs without blood-vessels, ib. Hysteresis, magnetic, Prof. G. Forbes on, 1886, 550 - - - in the relation of strain to stress, Prof. J. A. Ewing on, 1889, 502 Iberian population of Asia Minor ante¬ rior to the Greeks, Hyde Clarke on the, 1864, 140 Iberians, Dr. Beddoe on the, 1873, 140 - in Europe, W. B. Dawkins on the northern range of the. 1873, 142 - Pelasgians, and Etruscans : their relations to the founders of the Chal¬ dean and Egyptian civilisations, J. S. S. Glennie on, 1888, 857 ^Ibrahim Khan, a journey from Yassin to Yarkand, 1871, 180 Tee as an agent of geologic change , report on , 1869, 1 7 1 - the action of, in what is usually termed the Glacial period, Rev. j. Brodie on, 1875, 63 - — • — action, existing, in Greenland and the Alps, compared with former ice action in the N.W. of England and Wales, queries and remarks relative to, by D. Mackintosh, 1875, 76 • - in the North Sea during the Glacial period, further evidence of the exten¬ sion of the, by B. N. Peach and J. Horne, 1885, 1036 - - Rev. G. F. Browne on the prismatic formation of, in certain ice-caves and glaciers, 1864, 24, *52 - - frasil, the formation of, G. H. Hen- shaw on, 1884, 644 • - melting, the temperature of the in¬ terior of a block of, J. B. Francis on, 1884, 657 lee age theories, Rev. E. Hill on, 1884, 723 Icebergs, J. Gunn on the influx and stranding of, during the so-called Glacial epoch, and a suggestion of the possible cause of the oscillation of the level of land and water to which that influx may be due, 1875, 66 Iceland and New Zealand, the hot springs- of, C. E. Peek on, 1883, 590 Icerya purchasi, an insect injurious to* fruit trees, Prof. Riley on, 1887, 767 Ichthyosauri , C. Moore on two, 1 861,. 121 Ichthyosauria, the neural arch of the vertebras in the, Prof. H. G. Seeley on. 1890, 809 Ichthyosaurus from the Lias of England and Wurtemberg , report on the mode of reproduction of certain species of 1880, 68 - the hind limb of the, Prof. D’A. W. Thompson on, and on the morphology of vertebrate appendages, 1885, 1065 - an, from Mombasa, East Africa. Prof. H. G. Seeley on, with observa¬ tions on the vertebral characters of the genus, 1888, 677 Igneous rocks of South Staffordshire, David Forbes on the, 1865, 53 - rocks, the, of the neighbourhood surrounding the Warwickshire coal¬ field. F. Rutley on, 1886, 625 - of Llyn Padarn, Yr Eifl, and Boduan. Prof. J. F. Blake on, 1886, 669 - succession in Shropshire, W. W, Watts on an, 1888, 685 Ignition of explosive gaseous mixtures. Dr. G. S. Turpin on the, 1890, 776 Iguanodon, Rev. W. Fox on the skull and bones of an, 1868, 64 *— — W. W. Hawkins on a pair of sym¬ metrical bones present with the fossil remains of, 1874, 141 - the reputed clavicles and inter- clavicles of, Prof. H. G. Seeley on, 1887, 698 Iliac divarication, alteration of, and other changes of pelvic forms during growth. Prof. Cleland on, 1887, 754 Illegitimacy of Banffshire, George Seton on the, 1871. 214 Illuminating powers of incandescent vacuum lamps with measured poten¬ tials and measured currents, Prof. Sir W. Thomson and J. T. Bottomley on* the, 1881, 559 Illuminative value of a mixture of hy¬ drogen with some hydrocarbons, A. V. Harcourt on the, 1879, 319 *Image, a soapstone, from Pekin, exhi¬ bition and description of, by Rev. Prof. Beal. 1877, 1 1 5 Immersion method of illumination of the GENERAL INDEX. 217 microscope, Dr. J. Barker on the, 1870, 39 Immigration and emigration as affecting the increase of population in England and Wales, T. A. Welton on, 1870, 203 * - population, and pauperism in the dominion of Canada, J. Lowe on, 1884, 866 ^Impact, Prof. O. Reynolds on certain phenomena of, 1873, 32 Impedance of conductors to Leyden- jar discharges, Prof. O. J. Lodge on the, 1888, 567 Imperial federation, or Greater Britain united, R. G. Webster on, 1886, 752 Impey (F.), small holdings and allot¬ ments, 1886, 755 Implements ( bone and flint ) found in Kent's Cavern , Devonshire, 1867, 28 ; 1873, 209 - inscribed bone, J. Park Harrison on, 1878, 59 * - found in King Arthur’s Cave, the Rev. W. S. Symonds on, 1871, 109, *160 - of stag’s horn associated with whales’ skeletons found in the Carse of Stirling, Prof. Sir W. Turner on, 1889, 789 Import and export duties, the incidence and effects of, C. F. B a stable on, 1889, 440 Impregnation, the influence of, on a plant, E. J. Lowe on, 1885, 1081 - of composite flowers, E. J. Lowe on the, 1885, 1082 *Im Thurm (E. F.) on the animism of the Indians of British Guiana, 1881, 699 * - on Mount Roraima in Guiana, 1884, 806 ; *1885, 1128 - note on the Redmen about Roraima, 1885, 1215 Income fallacies and some of their con¬ sequences, T. G. P. Hallett on, 1875, 215 Income-tax, Rev. Canon Richson on the, 1861, 240 - W. S. Thornton on the, 1862, 175 * - question, T. G. P. Hallett on the, 1873, 188 Incrustation, Samuel Sharp on a remark¬ able, in Northamptonshire, 1868, 78 * - in steam-boilers, J. Waugh on the prevention of, 1873, 219 * - of steam-boilers, W. Thomson on the, 1880, 703 Incubation of snakes’ eggs, Dr. W. Sibley on the, 1890, 860 Index-number, an official, memorandum on, 1888, 186 - draft proposal for an official, by It. Giffen, 1890, 488 Index-numbers , the accuracy of the pro- posed calculation of, memorandum on, by Prof. F. Y. Edgeworth, 1888, 188 Index-numbers , the use of, in the inves¬ tigation of trade statistics, 8, Bourne on, 1885, 859 - as illustrating the progressive ex¬ ports of British produce and manufac¬ tures, S. Bourne on, 1888, 536 - as applied to the statistics of im¬ ports and exports, S. Bourne on, 1889, 696 *India, aborigines of Southern, Dr. Shortt on some rude tribes supposed to be the, 1864, 147 - John Crawfurd on the supposed aborigines of, as distinguished from its civilised inhabitants, 1867, 114 - - census of, T. W. Saunders on the first general, 1884, 804 * - and China, peoples between, Sir G. Campbell on the, 1874, 145 - - and China, clipper and steam navi¬ gation on the coasts and rivers of, Andrew Henderson on the rise and progress of, 1861, 258 * - cinchona cultivation in, Clements R. Markham on the, 1866, 75 - climate of, General Strachey on the scope of scientific geography, illus¬ trated by remarks on the, 1872, 214 - coal-fields and coal production of, V. Ball on the, 1879, 334 - Cooper’s attempt to reach, from Western China, account of, by Tre- lawney W. Saunders, 1869, 166 - crocodiles of. Dr. J. E. Gray on the, 1862, 106 - education in, and its bearing on the question of social science, A. Jyram- Row on the present state of, 1871, 212 - ethnology in, H. H. Risley on the study of, 1889, 785 - European life in, Dr. F. J. Mouat on the value of, 1875, 217 - fauna of British, William T. Blan- ford on the, and its relations to the Ethiopian and so-called Indian fauna, 1869, 107 - - and its dependencies, the fauna inhabiting British, W. T. Blanford on our present knowledge of, 1881, 677 - foods used by the free and jail popu¬ lations of. Dr. Edward Smith on the, 1863, 176 - forests in, Dr. Brandis on the geo¬ graphical distribution of, 1872, 205 - geological map of, V. Ball on the new, 1878, 532 * - geology of, Dr. Oldham on the,. 1867, 72 - the Great Plain of Northern, not an old sea-basin, by W. T. Blanford, 1881, 638 * — _ the home of gunpowder, on philo¬ logical evidence, Dr. G. Oppert on, 1880, 636 218 GENERAL INDEX. India, harbours of Western, Capt. Taylor on the, 1870, 176 - institutions founded by the native gentry of, during the last five years, Colonel Sykes on the statistics of the charitable, educational, industrial, and public, 1866, 133 - ipecacuanha, Prof. J. H. Balfour on the cultivation of, in the Edinburgh Botanic Garden for transmission to, 1871, 127 - journey overland to, in 1872, via Meshed, Herat, Candahar, and the Boulan Pass, Capt. H. C. Marsh on, 1877, 148 - mortality and marriage amongst Europeans in, Samuel Brown on the rates of, 1864, 163 - natives of, report on the habits, cus¬ toms, physical characteristics, and reli¬ gions of the, 1890, 547 _ _ observations on atmospheric electri¬ city in, report on arrangements for the taking of, 1878, 103 _ orography of the North-western frontier of, Trelawney W. Saunders on the, 1879, 449 * - physical geography and races of British, Dr. G. Campbell on the, 1870, 168 - physiography of Southern, Col. B. R. Branfill on the, 1885, 1124 - - primitive weapons of ancient, Sir W. Elliot on the, 1872, 180 - - prison dietary in, Dr. Mouat on, 1861, 170 - production in, Dr. G. Campbell on the duties of the Government of India and the merchants of England in pro¬ moting, 1870, 188 - races forming the present popula¬ tion of, Sir W. Elliot on the original localities of the, 1875, 173 * - red soil of, Dr. Gilchrist on the, 1876, 90 - rent and land-tax in, Hyde Clarke on the distinction between the, 1869, 181 - river systems of South, Gen. F. H. Rundall on the, 1886, 734 - roads and railways in Northern, T. Login on, as affected by the abrading and transporting power of water, 1869, 214 - railway to, H. Clarke on the pro¬ gress of the through, 1872, 242 ; 1873, 213 - route to, W. P. Andrews on the Euphrates- valley, 1872, 203 - railway route to, via Russia and the Oxus valley, Gryf Jaxa de Bykowski on a through, 1872, 209 * - - route from, to Tibet, Capt. W. J. Elwes on a new, 1888, 741 India, route to, Capt. F. Jones on the direct highway, 1872, 210 - and China, routes between, Capt. Henderson on, 1863, 137 - salt supply of, V. Ball on the, 1882, 530 - sanitary condition of the troops in, Dr. Camps on the, 1863, 152 - statistics of our European army in, Dr. James Bird on the vital and sani¬ tary, 1863, 151 - sea-level on the coast of, W. Parkes on non-tidal variations of the, 1870, 19 - - sepulchral remains of Southern, Sir Walter Elliot on the, 1868, 134 - stone implements in the forms and geographical distribution of ancient, V. Ball on, 1879, 394 - Survey of, J. O. N. James on the imperial, 1879, 449 - Survey of, account of the levelling operations of the Great Trigono¬ metrical, by Major A. W. Baird, 1885, *9! 1, 1123 - Survey of, Lieut.- Col. W. Barron on the cadastral, 1885, 1128 - timber-trees of, Dr. Hugh Cleghorn on the distribution of the principal, and the progress of forest conservancy, 1868, 91 - trade-routes between Northern, and Central Asia, T. D. Forsyth on, 1869, 161 - trade route from Peking to Kulja and Semirechensk, and to Yarkand and, Col. M. S. Bell on the Great Cen¬ tral Asian, 1889, 660 - ventilation of barracks and other public buildings in, Stewart Clark on the, 1863, hi *— — village system in, Geo. Campbell on the, 1870, 144 * Indian archaic remains and their resem¬ blance to European types, H. Rivett- Carnac on, 1877, 120 - explorer, A. K., the trained, the re¬ markable journey of, on the frontiers of India and China, by Trelawney W. Saunders, 1884, 803 - exports, the effects of the fall in the gold price of silver on, L. C. Probyn on, 1888, 768 - forest school, Major F. Bailey on the, 1885, 1104 - forest survey, Major F. Bailey on the, 1885, 1121 - marine surveys, C. R. Markham on, 1879, 453 - monsoon region, certain protracted irregularities of atmospheric pressure in the, and their relation to variations of the local rainfall, H. F. Blanford on, 1874, 36 GENERAL INDEX. 219 Indian Ocean, gales and hurricanes of the, C. Meldrum on the, 1867, 21 — — Ocean, C. Meldrum on synoptic weather-charts of the, 1868, 28 - Ocean south of the equator, C. Meldrum on a periodicity in the fre¬ quency of cyclones in the, 1872, 56 - charts , daily synoptic , of the ocean , f rom the year 1861, report of the Com¬ mittee for co-operating with the Meteor¬ ological Society of the Mauritius in their proposed publication of 1882, 38; 1883, 1 18; 1884, 32 ; 1885, 60 - opium revenue, Rev. F. S. Turner on the statistics of the, 1876, 210 - railways and Indian finance, F. W. Fox on, 1875, 209 - statistics and official reports, Dr. G. Smith on, 1871, 220 Indians of British Columbia ( see 1 North- Western Tribes’) * - of the North-western United States, Col. Carrington on the, 1875, 171 - James Heywood on the sanitary state of the, in the settlement of Kan- yeageh, 1868, 167 - North American, the aptitude of, for agriculture, J. Heywood on, 1870, 193 - North American, food-plants used by the, Prof. G. Lawson on, 1884, 918 - Wild, Professor A. Raimondy on the, inhabiting the forests of Huanta, Peru, 1867, 129 India-rubber and gutta percha as insu¬ lators for submarine telegraphic cables, W. Fairbairn on, 1865, 14 - W. Hooper on the applicability of, as an insulator for telegraphic con¬ ductors, 1865, 184 - - insulated wire for submarine cables, W. Hooper on the electrical and me¬ chanical properties of, 1866, 145 - the vulcanisation and decay of, W. Thomson on, 1890, 785 Indicator for steam-engines, C. T. Porter on Richards’s, 1863, 178 - . - indices, diagrams for reading oft’, Dr. Wilberforce Smith on, 1890, 982 Indigenous animals , report on the ‘prac¬ ticability of establish ing a ‘ close time ’ for the protection of, 1869, 91 ; 1870, 13; 1871, 197; 1872,320; 1873, 346; 1874,264; 1875, 184; 1876,63; 1877, 207; 1878, 146; 1879, 165; 1880,257 Indigo, Dr. W. Bird Herapath on the occurrence of, in purulent discharges, 1864, 124 * - Baeyer’s synthesis of, a short account of, by Prof. J. E. Reynolds, 1878, 517 Indo-Chinese, the, and the races of the Malay Archipelago, analogies of man¬ ners between, Col. H. Yule on, 1870, 178 Indo-Chinese and Inter-oceanic races and languages, the relations of the, A. H. Keane on, 1879, 391 Indo-Mediterranean railways, proposed, W. S. Blunt on, 1879, 440 Induction balance, note on the theory of, by Lord Rayleigh, 1880, 472 - coil, description of an, by G. Higgs, 1887, 616 - coil especially arranged for use in spectrum analysis, J. Browning on an. 1870, 25 - . a lecture experiment on, by Prof. Lord Rayleigh, 1884, 632 - between wires and wires, W. H. Preece on, 1887, 61 1 - spark apparatus, C. W. Siemens on the, for illuminating beacons and buoys used in the first experiments made for the Northern Lights Board, 1867, 14 Inductive capacity of a good Sprengel vacuum and the specific resistance of gases at different pressures, preli¬ minary report on the accurate mea¬ surement of the specific, 1880, 197 Indus, Col. Tremenheere on the physical geography of the Lower, 1866, 117 * - the, to Candahar, the high road from, by Sir R. Temple, 1880, 658 - Upper, the glacier phenomena of the valley of the, Capt. Godwin- Austen on, 1862, 67 Industrial classes, Capt. Donnelly on the nature and results of the aid granted by the State towards the instruction of the, in elementary science, 1861, 217 - classes, W. Botly on dwellings for the, 1873, 186 - classes, J. Buckmaster on the pro¬ gress of instruction in elementary science among the, 1864, 150 - combination, modern forms of, by Prof. A. T. Hadley, 1890, 916 - and commercial progress in China, by R. S. Gundry, 1889, 663 - conciliation and social reform, the relations between, by L. L. Price, 1889, 706 - remuneration conference, Rev. W. Cunningham on the, 1885, 1181 * - schools, Miss Carpenter on, 1875, 209 - schools and compulsory education, Dr. W. N. Hancock on the importance of raising Ireland to the level of Eng¬ land and Scotland in the matter of, 1878, 674 - statistics, by W. Botly, 1888, 760 - uses of the Upper Bann river , J. Smyth, jun., on the , 1874, 139 Infanticide, E. Vivian on the admission of illegitimate children into work- 220 GENERAL INDEX houses, as a means of preventing, 1865, 156 Infants, Dr. Cieland on the change of attitude which takes place in, when beginning to walk, 1863, 112 Infectious diseases, indications for the cure of, by E. H. Hankin, 1890, 856 Infusorial life, the arrestation of, by solar light, Prof. J. Tyndall on, 1881, 450 ‘^Infusorians, a new sub-class of, P. A. G-eddes on, 1881, 680 Ingle (Frederick) on recent improve¬ ments in the application of concrete to fireproof constructions, 1866, 145 Ingleborough Cave, W. B. Dawkins on the rate at which stalagmite is being accumulated in the, 1873, 80 Ingleby (Dr. C. M.) on a method of dis¬ covering remainders in arithmetical division, 1865, 7 Ingleton granite, the so-called, T. Tate on, 1890, 800 *Ingram (A. H. W.) on a slate armlet, 1866, 96 - (Prof. J. K.), Address to the Section of Economic Science and Statistics, 1878, 641 Inhabitants of Britain, early, J. S. Phen6 on some indications of the manners and customs of the, 1871, 159 Inheritance in plants, anticipator}7, espe¬ cially with reference to the embryology of parasites, G-. S. Boulger on, 1877, 104 - F. Galton on feasible experiments on the possibility of transmitting acquired habits, by means of, 1889, 620 Initial life, C. S. Wake on, 1869, 15 1 Injector, J. Robinson on some develop¬ ments of and improvements in Giffard’s, 1865, 186 Ink used in writing letters and docu¬ ments, the identification of, W. Thom¬ son on, 1880, 549 Innes (Col. T.), the agriculture of Aber¬ deenshire, 1885, 1161 ; on the employ¬ ment of the road engine in construction and maintenance of roads, 1194 Inoculation, an experimental inquiry into some of the results of, in the lower animals, by John Chiene, 1871, 138 Insane, the education and training of the, Dr. J. Lalor on, 1878, 667 * - people, Dr. J. B. Tuke and Prof. Rutherford on the morbid appearances noticed in the brains of, 1871, 144 ^Insanity, Dr. R. Boyd on the measure¬ ments of the head and weight of the brain in 696 cases of, 1864, 119 Inscribed bone implements, J. Tark Harrison on, 1878, 591 * - rock, R. Tate on an, 1869, 15 1 ■ - stone at Newhaggard, co. Down, Eugene A. Conwell on an, 1871, 149 Inscribed stone, a supposed, near Llan- erchymedd, in Anglesea, Prof. T. McK. Hughes on, 1881, 701 - stones from Mevagh and Barnes, co. Donegal, G. H. Kinahan on, 1887, 908 *Insecta, Prof. A. Denny on the tracheal occlusor apparatus in, 1890, 864 Insect-fertilised flowers, the association of an inconspicuous corolla with proterogynous dichogamy in, A. S. Wilson on, 1878, 564 Insect-house in the gardens of the Zoo¬ logical Society of London, P. L. Sclater on the, 1881, 668 Insectivora, Dr. Rolleston on some points in the anatomy of, 1861, 173 Insect-remains and shells from the lower Bagshot leaf-bed of Studland Bay, G. Maw on, 1869, 97 Insects at Barrow, the Rev. P. Brodie on the remains of, 1866, 51 - the constancy of, in their visits to flowers, A. W. Bennett on, 1881, 667 - fossil, of England and Bavaria, comparison of, by Dr. Hagen, 1861, 1 13 - which injure books, Prof. Westwood on the, 1879, 371 - injurious to vegetation, the impor¬ tation and colonisation of parasites and other enemies of, note on, by Dr. C. V. Riley, 1889, 640 - protection of, from their enemies by means of an unpleasant taste nr smell, some experiments upon the, by E. B. Poulton, 1886, 694 Insley (H.) and F. G. Meacham, notes on the rocks between the thick coal and the Trias north of Birmingham and the old South Staffordshire coal¬ field, 1886, 626 ^'Insolvency in life-insurance companies, T. B. Sprague on the causes of, and the best means of detecting, exposing, and preventing it, 1874, 21 1 Inspectors , H.M., of elementary schools , report as to whether it is important that they should he appointed with reference to their ability for examining in the scientific specific subjects of the Code in addition to other matters , 1880, 219 ^Instability of steady motion, Sir W. Thomson on a new case of, 1876, 35 Instinct, D. A. Spalding on, with original observations on young animals, 1872, 14 .1 * - and acquisition, D. A. Spalding on. 1875, 163 - theories regarding intellect and, G. Harris on, with an attempt to deduce a satisfactory conclusion therefrom. 1872, 188 * - Rev. J. M‘Cann on the origin of, 1876, 166 GENERAL INDEX. 221 Instinctive actions, Dr. W. Murray on the investigation of, 1863, 119 ♦Instructions anthropometriques ele- raentaires, par Dr. P. Topinard, 1884, 910 Instructions for travellers , ethnologists, and other anthropological observers , report of the Committee appointed to prepare brief forms of, 1873, 482 ; 1874, 214; 1887, 172; 1889, 186; 1890, 547 Instruments graduated upon glass, a re¬ cent improvement in the construction of, G. M. Whipple on, 1885, 937 Insulated wire, india-rubber, W. Hooper on the electrical and mechanical pro¬ perties of, 1866, 13 - wires, W. Hooper on the electric induction of, 1867, 13 Insulating envelopes, T. T. P. Bruce Warren on the determination of tem¬ perature coefficients for, 1877, 37 Insulation hey for electrometer work, an improved form of high, report of the Committee for de vising and construct¬ ing, 1880, 29 ♦Insurance companies, T. B. Sprague on the causes of insolvency in life, and the best means of detecting, exposing, and preventing it, 1874, 21 1 Integral calculus. Dr. Bierens de Haan on a theorem in the, 1867, 4 - - weights in chemistry, by Dr. T. S. Hunt, 1887, 637 ♦Integrals, definite, Dr. Bierens de Haan on, 1861, 4 - definite, J. W. L. Glaisher on certain, 1871, 10; 1872, 15 - indefinite that contain the elliptic integrals E and F, Dr. D. Bierens de Haan on some, 1883, 440 * Integration of linear differential equa¬ tions with rational coefficients, Sir W. Thomson on the, 1875, 23 Integrator for the calculation of f (Xdx 4- Ydy) along an arbitrary path. Prof. Cayley on a mechanical, 1877, 18 ♦Intellect, the anatomy of the, Dr. Hitch- man on, 1870, 1 5 1 - and instinct, G. Harris on theories regarding, with an attempt to deduce a satisfactory conclusion therefrom, 1872, 188 Intellectual faculties, the influence of the, in relation to the direction and opera¬ tion of thematerial organs, G. Harris on the, 1882, 609 - - manifestation, Hyde Clarke on the influence of large centres of population on, 1873, 186 Intemperance, Rev. J. Jones on, purely with reference to Liverpool, 1870, 195 ♦Interest, rates of, and banks of issue, A. K&roly on, 1877, 179 ♦Interference of wares, C. J. Woodward on an apparatus to illustrate the, 1877, 43 ♦Interment, some forms of, in co. Antrim, Dr. T. S. Holden on, 1870, 151 Internal communication by land and water, C. Walford on, 1884, 861 International coinage, Dr. W. Farr on, 1869, 183 - - coinage, a proposition for securing at once some of the advantages of, by G. J. Stoney, 1870, 201 - - decimal coinage, H. Burgess on, 1872, 222 - Congress of Geographical Sciences, C. Maunoir on the, 1874, 184 - geological map of Europe, report on the preparation of an, 1882, 241 - symbols for use on prehistoric maps, J. Evans on a new code of, 1875, 173 Inter-oceanic and Indo-Chinese races and languages, the relations of the, A. H. Keane on, 1879, 391 Interpolation and quadratures to actual data , report by C. W. Merrifield on the -present state of knowledge of the appli¬ cation of, 1880, 321 Intestinal secretion , report on the nature of, 1874, 54; 1875, 339; 1876, 308 ♦Intestine in man, Prof. John Struthers on the diverticulum of the small, con¬ sidered as a rudimentary structure, 1873, 134 Intonation illustrated by the voice- harmonium with natural finger-board, Colin Brown on true, 1876, 46 Intoxicating liquors consumed by the people of the United Kingdom in 1865, R. Wilkinson on the, 1866, 137 Inu of the western shore and Point Barrow, habits and customs of the, Lieut. P. H. Ray on the, 1884, 919 Inuline, Dr. Rolleston on the difference of behaviour exhibited by, and ordinary starch, when treated with salivary diastase and other converting agents, 1862, 135 Inundations in France, the late, Dr. J. C. Brown on, 1875, 189 Invariants of algebraic forms , report of the Committee for calculating funda¬ mental, 1879, 66 ; 1880, 38 ; !L881, 55 ; ♦1886, 538 Invention, T. Webster on property in, and its effect on the arts and manufactures, 1861, 266 Inventions , report of the Committee ap¬ pointed to consider the mode in which new , and claims for reward in respect of adopted, inventions are examined and dealt with by the diff rent de¬ partments of Government, an l to re¬ port on the best means of r ‘moving any real causes of dissatisfaction, as 222 GENERAL INDEX. well as of silencing unfounded com¬ plaints , 1872, 243 ♦Inventors and inventions, G. Bell Gal¬ loway on, 1866, 131 ; 1868, 165 Inversion, geometrical, T. A. Hirst on a generalisation of the method of, 1864, 3 Invertebrata, certain groups of , report of the Committee for preparing a biblio¬ graphy of, 1884, 270 ; *1885, 1056 * Invertebrate fauna of the Lias, the marine, a census of, by R. Tate, 1870, 58 * - fauna and cryptogamic flora of the fresh waters of the British Isles, report on the , 1890, 853 Involutes of a circle, Prof. J. J. Sylvester on the successive, 1869, 15 Involution of two matrices of the second order, Prof. J. J. Sylvester on the, 1883, 43° Involutional (11) correspondence, Prof. Genese on, 1881, 539 Iodic acid, Prof. Delffs on the detection of morphine by, 1871, 69 Iodide of mercury and copper, Prof. S. P. Thompson on the double, 1881, 600 Iodine, J. H. Gladstone on the refraction- and dispersion-equivalents of, 1866, 37 - Dr. Andrews on the dichroism of the vapour of, 1871, 66 - E. C. C. Stanford on the manufac¬ ture of, 1876, 68 Iolite, the occurrence of, in the granite of co. Dublin, J. Joly on, 1888, 685 lone, C. Spence Bate on a new species of, 1863, 98 Ionian Isles, Prof. Ansted on some curio¬ sities of physical geography in the, 1863, 133 Ions, on the migration of, and an experi¬ mental determination of absolute ionic velocity, by Dr. 0. Lodge, 1886, 389 * - experiments on the speeds of, Prof. 0. J. Lodge on, 1887, 589 Ipecacuanha, Prof. Balfour on the culti¬ vation of, in the Edinburgh Botanic Garden for transmission to India, 1871, 127 Iranian race, M. Nicolas de Khanikof on the ethnology of the, 1864, 145 Irawadi, and the Yang-tse-Kiang , report on the desirability of an exploration being made of the district between the Brahmaputra, the Upper, 1868, 430 - river, some remarks on the source of the, by C. H. Lepper, 1882, 612 Irby (Miss) on the characteristics of the South Sclavonic race, 1865, 90 - land tenure in Bosnia and the Herzegovina, 1887, 837 Ireland, Boulder-Clay in, E. T. Hardman on some new localities for the Upper, 1874, 76 - Boulder-Drift and Esker Hills of, and on the position of the erratic blocks in the country, Sir B. Griffith on the, 1871, 98 Ireland, condition and progress of Scot¬ land in relation to England and, Pro¬ fessor Leone Levi on the, 1867, 140 - and England, A. L. Jephson on the desirability of simultaneous and iden¬ tical legislation for, 1878, 673 - flora of the north of. Dr. Dickie’s report on the, 1861, 240 - fossils of the Post- Tertiary deposits of, Rev. Dr. Grainger on the, 1874, 73 ♦ - geology of the N.E. of, Prof. Harkness on the, 1874, 83 - Geological Survey of, Prof. Hull on the progress of the, 1874, 83; 1878., 543 - glaciation of, and the tradition of Lough Lurgan, W. M. Williams on the, 1878, 528 - industrial schools, Dr. W. N. Han¬ cock on the importance of raising Ireland to the level of England and Scotland in the matter of, 1878, 674 - introduction of South European plants in the south and west of, Prof. Hennessy on the possible, 1868, 98 - Megaceros hibernicus lately found in, J. B. Jukes on certain markings on some of the bones of a, 1863, 81 - mosses of the north-east of, S. A. Stewart on the, 1874, 134 ♦ — — oyster fisheries in, John Hoare on the, 1866, 74 - physical features of, E. T. Hardman on the influence of ‘ strike ’ on the, 1878, 541 - prehistoric times in the north of, a glimpse of, by W. J. Knowles, 1874. 155 - - rainfall in, see ‘ Rainfall ’ - rainfall of, G. J. Svmons on the, 1878, 692 - raised beach of the north-east of, Prof. E. Hull on the, 1872, 113 - registration of births and deaths in, J. Wilson on, 1864, 180 - relations of the population in, as shown by the statistics of religious belief, Rev. A. Hume on the, 1861, 196 - - - property in, H. Jephson on the valuation of, 1876, 206 ♦ - Scirpus parvulus in, A. G. More on the discovery of, 1868, 106 - - Silurian rocks of, W. H. Baily’s remarks upon the, 1861, 108 - south coast of, Prof. Allman on some recent results with a towing-net on the, 1873, 106 - surveys in, a communication from the Ordnance Department, 1874, 184 - taxation in, Dr. W. Neilson Han¬ cock on the system of local, 1869, 193 GENERAL INDEX 223 Iris, J. J. Walker on an, seen in water, near sunset, 1861, 35 _ J. J. Walker on an, seen in the Lake of Lucerne, 1864, 13 _ see * Rainbow ’ Iris in vertebrate animals, Dr. Edwards Crisp on the relative weight and form of the eye and colour of the, 1868, 114 Irish cairns, E. A. Conwell on ancient sculptures and objects of art from, 1870, 145 - crannogs and their contents, W. F. Wakeman on, 1874, 159 * - emigration, S. Tuke on, 1884, 835 - fossils, some new species of, W. H. Baily on, 1878, 535 - land question, impediments to the prompt carrying out of the principles conceded by Parliament on the, Dr. W. N. Hancock on, 1878, 664 - metamorphic rocks, G-. H. Kinahan on, 1885, 1030 — — people, G-. H. Kinahan on the race- elements of the, 1869, 136 - Sea, J. N. Shoolbred on tides in the, 1875, 250 — — stature and bulk of the, Dr. J. Beddoe on the, 1866, 94 Irishwomen’s industries, Miss Helen Blackburn on, 1888, 772 Irlande, les races anciennes de 1’, par H. Martin, 1878, 585 Iron age of society, John Crawfurd on the supposed, 1864, 143 - basins of Western Asia Minor, Dr. Hyde Clarke on the coal and, 1868, 61 - carbon in, T. Turner on the estima¬ tion of, 1886, 597 - cast, report on the chemical nature of, 1866, 11 ; 1868, 342; 1869, 82; 1870, 13 - cast, the influence of remelting on the properties of, by T. Turner, 1886, 594 - cast, W. J. Millar on the strength and fracture of, 1876, 227 * - Chinese, the analysis of, Dr. S. Macadam on, 1863, 191 - . and coal industries, the effect of mining royalties on the, Prof. W. R. Sorley on, 1888, 755 - conductivity of, report on Principal J. B. Forbes's experiments on the thermal, 1869, 175 ; 1871, 97 - construction, and on the strength of iron columns and arches, F. W. Shields on, 1861, 265 - elasticity of, James Williams on the, 1864, 190 - electro-deposition of, H. M. Jacobi on the, 1869, 67 - electro-deposited, the absorption of hydrogen by, W. Chandler Roberts on. 1870, 62 *Iron floating forts, S. J. Mackie on, and other floating structures, and on Daft’s method of construction of iron fabrics, 1867, 156 - girders, B. B. Stoney on the deflec¬ tion of, 1861, 265 - and lead measures of Tynehead, Alston, C. E. De Ranee on the, 1882, 531 - the magnetic susceptibility and retentiveness of soft, Prof. J. A. Ewing- on, 1883, 402 - magnetic viscosity in, Prof. J. A. Ewing on, 1889, 497 - the magnetisation of, report on the molecular phenomena connected with. 1889, 33 ; 1890, 145 - manufacture of, in connection with the Northumberland and Durham coal¬ field, Isaac Lowthian Dell on the, 1863, 730 - manufacture of, present state of the. in Great Britain , and its position as compared with that of some other countries, I. Lowthian Bellonthe, 1867. 34 • - manufacture of, John Jones on some points affecting the economical, 1868, 192 - meteoric, Prof. Mallet on the effect upon, as regards capability of being forged, of previous heating to redness or whiteness in vacuo, 1872, 77 - mines, T. A. Readwin on the coal- and. of the Arigna district of the Con¬ naught Coal-Measures, 1872, 122 - mines of Bilbao, the, J. Head on, 1887, 861 . - mines, Perseberg, Sweden, C. Le Neve Foster on the, 1867, 60 * - molecular changes which take place in, while cooling, A. Mallock on the, 1877, 42 - and other metals, some phenomena connected with, in the solid and molten states, W. J. Millar on, with notes of experiments, 1884, 653 - nodules, spherical, Dr. John Lowe on the occurrence of, in the Lower Greensand, 1868, 72 - ores, aluminous, Dr. J. S. Holden on the, of co. Antrim, 1871, 74 - ores, hcematite, of Great Britain and Ireland, report on the importance of completing, without delay, the valuable investigation into the composition and geological distribution of the, 1870, 9 - ores, the influence that microscopic vegetable organisms have had on the production of hydrated, A. Gages on, 1878, 545 - ores used at the Barrow Hcematite Iron and Steel Company's Works, analysis of , 1869. 106 224 GENERAL INDEX. Iron, phosphoric crude, the treatment of, in open-hearth furnaces, J. W. Wailes on, 1886, 592 _ and phosphorus, the separation of, specially with reference to the manu¬ facture of steel, T. Blair on, 1879, 296 _ photographs of various kinds of, H. C. Sorby on microscopical, 1864, 189 _ _ plates , IF. Fair bairn's report on the resistance of , to statical pressure, 1861, 280 ; specific gravity of, 282 ; tensile strength of, ib . ; ductility of, ib. ; resistance to impact, ib. ; resistance to compression, 284 ; statical resistance to punching, ib. ; computation of a general formula for the resistance of, to projectiles, 285 _ plates. Captain IF. H. Noble on the penetration of, by steel shot, 1866, 403 -* _ preservation of, Prof. Barff on the, 1877, 199 _ protosulphate of, Drs. E. Scliunck, R. A. Smith, and IT. E. Roscoe on the manufacture of, 1861, 119 _ puddling, C. W. Siemens on, 1868, 58 - pure, Dr. A. Matthiessen on the pre¬ paration of, 1869, 82 - recalescence in, Prof. Barrett on, 1889, 518 - shipbuilding, R. Taylorson on the diagonal principle of, 1863, 189 _ ships , Charles M. Palmer on the construction of, 1863, 694 _ _ ships, IF. Vairbairn on the strength of materials considered in relation to the construction of, 1865, 243 =* _ ships, compass correction in, Sir W. Thomson on, 1876, 45 - silicate of hydrated protoxide of, A. Gages on the solubility of, 1863, 204 * _ silicium in, Dr. Phipson on, 1865, 34 _ silicon in cast, T. Turner on, 1886, 595 - silicon and, alloys of, R. A. Hadfield on, 1889, 267 _ _ silicon, the influence of, on the pro¬ perties of, T. Turner on, 1886, 597 _ _ and steel, the influence of silicon on the properties of, report on, 1887, 43 ; 1888, 69; 1889, 267; 1890, 262 _ smelting, Dr. B. H. Paul on useful applications of slag from, 1864, 37 _ _ spongy, I. Lowthian Bell on the de¬ composition of carbonic oxide by, 1869, 62 _ and steel, analysis of, proposed in¬ ternational standards to control the, Prof. J. W. Langley on, 1888, 640 _ and steel, analysis of, proposed in¬ ternational standards to control the, report of the committee on, 1889, 50 ; 1890, 262 _ and steel, John Fernie on the, shown at the French Exhibition, 1867, 154 Iron and steel, Ferdinand Kohn on the, at the Paris Exhibition, 1867, 155 - stone, Cleveland, J. Pattinson on zinc, nickel, and cobalt in the, 1863, 49 - stone, Cleveland, in the West of England, Charles Moore on the equiva¬ lents of the, 1863, 83 - stone, Dr. T. L. Phipson on an ex¬ traordinary, 1866, 43 - stone of the Dudley coal-field, H. Woodward on the discovery of a new and very perfect Arachnid from the, 1871, 112 f - testing, J. Swinburne and W. F. Bourne on, 1890, 753 - the temporary thermo -current in, F. T. Trouton on, 1889, 517 - titanium in, Dr. Riley on, 1863, 55 - volume in, the changes of, when passing from the liquid to the solid state, and an instrument for observing the same, T. Wrightson on, 1879, 506 - found on Vesuvius, Dr. H. J. John- ston-Lavis on a mass containing me¬ tallic, 1888, 667 * - works, regenerative gas-furnaces as applied to, C. W. Siemens on, 1863, 192 - works, J. Willcock on the Bowling, 1873, 219 - wrought, Henry Bessemer on the manufacture of cast steel, its progress, and emplovment as a substitute for, 1865, 165 - wrought, Principal Forbes on the thermal conducting power of, 1865, 12 Iroquois, the customs and language of the, remarks on, by Mrs. E. A. Smith, 1884, 914 * Irradiat ion, Prof. G. Forbes on, 1873,38 Irrationality of 7 r, Lambert’s proof of the, J. W. L. Glaisher on, and the irra¬ tionality of certain other quantities, 1871, 12 ^Irrigation of the Casale district, P. Le Neve Foster, jun., on the, 1873, 214 - of Upper Lombardy, P. Le Neve Foster, jun., on the, 1868, 190 Irritability, Prof. M. M. Hartog on Adelphotaxy, an undescribed form of, 1888, 702 Irvine (R.)and Dr. G. S. Woodhead on the secretion of carbonate of lime by animals, 1889, 637 Irving (Rev. A.), notes on Alpine post- Carboniferous (Dyassic) and Triassic geology, 1882, 551 - on the action of sunlight on P203, 1883, 463 ; Djms versus Permian, 503 ; on the colouration of some sands, and the cementation of siliceous sand¬ stones, 504 - dissociation and contact action, GENERAL INDEX 225 1886, 577 ; on the heat of the earth as influenced by conduction and pressure, 657 ; a contribution to the discussion of metamorphism in rocks, 658 Irving (Rev. A.) on dissociation, 1888, 630 ; on chemistry as a school subject, 634 ; note on the relation of the per¬ centage of carbonic acid in the atmo¬ sphere to the life and growth of plants, 661 ; on the origin of graphite in the Archman rocks, with a review of the alleged evidence of life on the eaith in Archman time, 679 - physical studies of an ancient estuary, 1890, 818 Ischia, Dr. T. L. Phipson on the medicinal muds of the island of, 1864, 38 - - the island of, preliminary notice, by H. J. Johnston-Lavis, of the earthquake of 1881, 1883, 499; and of that of July 1883, 501 Iselin (J. F.) on tidal observations, 1868, 489 : 1870, 120 Islay, Scotland, the occurrence of pebbles and boulders of granite in schistose rocks in, J. Thomson on, 1870, 88 - J. Thomson on the stratified rocks of, 1871, 1 10 - - C. W. Peach on the so-called tailless trout of, 1871, 133 Isle of Man, Prof. Harkness and H. Nicholson on the Silurian rocks of the, 1865, 58 - the glacial phenomena of the, P. F. Kendall on, 1890, 807 Isochronic postal charts, by F. Galton, 1881, 740 Isocyanopropionic acid, the constitution of, J. A. Wanklyn on, 1879, 308 Tsoetcs echinospora , exhibition of speci¬ mens of, by Prof. A. Dickson, 1878, 570 *Isomeric change in the phenol series, by A. R. Ling, 1887, 642 - cresols and their derivatives , report o»,1874, 73 5 1875, 112 - naphthalene derivatives , report on, 1886,216; 1887,231; 1888,96; 1889, 172 ; *1890, 775 Isomerism among the alcohols, J. A. Wanhlyn on, 1866, 455 tlsometrical drawing, G. Fawcus on a new method of, 1874, 222 isomorphism, A. R. Catton on Mitscherlich’s law of, 1868, 35 * - Dr. A. W. Williamson on, 1864, 45 *Isopod from Flinders Island, H. Wood¬ ward on a new, 1869, 118 *Iso-purpurine, Dr. W. A. Tilden on a new, 1876, 70 isothermals of the British Isles, A. Buchan on the, 1881, 544 Italian explorers in New Guinea, Prof. Giglioli on, 1879, 457 Italian geographical explorations, pre¬ sent, G. D. Vedova on, 1879, 436 - geology and the crystalline rocks, an account of the views of Gastaldi on, by Dr. T. S. Hunt, 1887, 703 Italy, geographical studies and works in, Prof. G. D. Vedova on, 1879, 456 *Ivens (Lieut. R.) and Capt. H. Capello on the results of the Portuguese expe¬ dition in West Central Africa, 1880, 659 J, an episode in the life of (Hertz’s solu¬ tion of Maxwell’s equations), Prof. G. F. FitzGerald on, 1890, 755 *Jack (R. L.) on Tertiary basalt-rock dykes in Scotland, 1876, 92 - (Dr. W.) on the results of five years of compulsory education, 1876, 200 * Jackson (Dr. Hughlings) on the phy¬ siology of language, 1868, 120 * - (J. W.) on the Adantean race of Western Europe, 1871, 153 * - (L.) and A. Oppenheim on deri- vates of mercaptan, 1875, 43 *Jacob (A. E.), exhibition of a wryneck obtained in Ireland, 1878, 572 Jacobi (H. M.) on the electro-deposition of iron, 1869, 67 *Jacobian ellipsoid of equilibrium of a rotating mass of fluid, Prof. G. H. Darwin on the, 1886, 541 Jacobs (J.), a proposed society for ex¬ perimental psychology, 1885, 1230; a comparative estimate of Jewish ability, 1231 Jade question, the present aspect of the, by F. W Rudler, 1890, 971 Jail dietary in India , tables showing the scales of, 1863, 202 Jamaica, Prof. T. R. Jones and W. K. Parker on some recent and fossil Fora- minifera collected in, by the late Lucas Barrett, 1863, 80, 105 James (Col. Sir Henry) on photozinco¬ graphy, by means of which photo¬ graphic copies of the Ordnance maps are chiefly multiplied, either on their original, or on a reduced or enlarged scale, 1 861, 262 - (J. O. N.) on the imperial survey of India, 1879, 449 Jameson (J.) on air-engines and an air- compressing apparatus, 1863, 173 Jamieson (A.) on electric lighting as applied to coal mines, 1881, 778 - (Prof. A.), the old Orkney click mill, 1888, 807 - (G-. A.), recent illustrations of the theory of rent, and their effect on the value of land, 1887, 536 - on limited liability, 1887, 826 - (T.) *on the essential elements of Q 226 GENERAL INDEX. plants, 1885, 969; agricultural investi¬ gation and education, 1177 Janssen (Dr. J.), spectroscope de poche, 1866, 10 ; sur le spectre atmospherique terrestre et celui de la vapeur d’eau, 11 - sur un methode pour obtenir les images monochromatiques des corps lumineux, 1869, 23 ; *faits divers de physique terrestre, 41 ; sur le spectre de la vapeur d’eau, 67 ; sur une nou- velle methode pour la recherche de la soude et des composes du sodium par 1’analyse spectrale, 68 * - some remarks on physics, 1871, 29 ; *on the coming solar eclipse, 34 ; ^ob¬ servations physiques en ballon, 55 - resultat de ses observations dans l’lnde sur l’eclipse du 12 Dec.. 1871, 1872,34 ; nouveau thermometre destine 4 prendre les temperatures de la surface des eaux marines ou fluviales, 59 * - on the application of photography to show the passage of Venus across the sun's disk, 1873, 35 - - on the total solar eclipse of April 5, 1875, observed at Bangchallo (Siam), 1875, 24; on mirage at sea, 26 ; on the photographic revolver, and on the ob¬ servations of the transit of Venus made in Japan, ib. ; on the position of the magnetic equator in the Gulf of Siam and in the Gulf of Bengal, 28 * - sur les usages du revolver photo- graphique en astronomie et en biologie, 1876, 40 ; ^photographies du passage de Venus a Kobe, ib. ; *sur le mirage en mer, ib. ; *on solar photography, with reference to the history of the solar surface, ib. ; *on the eclipse of the sun observed at Siam in April 1875, ib. - sur une nouvelle methode de photographie solaire et les decouvertes qu'elle donne touchant la veritable nature de la photosphere, 1878, 443; sur la constitution des spectres photo- graphiques quand l’action lumineuse est extremement courte, 445 ; sur l’eclipse totale et la couronne, ib. - sur le maximum d'intensite du spectre photographique solaire, 1879, 252 ; suite des recherches sur la photographie solaire, 282 ; sur l'application du revolver photo- graphique it l’etude des eclipses partielles et & celle des mouvements des animaux, 283 - sur les transformations successives des images photographiquesetles appli¬ cations 4 Tastronomie, 1880, 500 - note sur les resultats de ses ob¬ servations de l’eclipse total du 6 Mai 1883 4 Tile Caroline (long 152° 20' ouest, Paris, lat. 10° sud), L uoan Pa- cifique, 1883, 429 Janssen (Dr. J.) sur l'application de V analyse spectrale a la mecanique mole- culaire et sur les spectres de Voxygcne , 1888, 547 ; analyse chronometrique des phenomenes electriques lumineux, 615 - (W. J.) on nitrous oxide in the gaseous and liquid states, 1876, 21 1 Japan, brewing in, Prof. R. V”. Atkinson on, 1881, 585 - chrome iron ore of, Prof. E. Divers on the, 1881, 587 - Sir R. Alcock on the civilisation of. 1862, 136 - the earthquake and volcanic phe¬ nomena of, report on, 1881, 200; 1882, 205 ; 1883, 21 1 ; 1884. 241 ; 1885, 362 : 1886, 413; 1887, 212; 1888, 422; 1889, 295 ; 1890, 160 - journey in the interior of, with the ascent of Fusiyama, by Rutherford Alcock, 1861, 183 - magnetic survey of, Prof. C. G. Knott on the recent, 1888, 588 - seismological work in, Prof. J. Milne on, 1889, 492 - selenium and tellurium in, Prof. E. Divers on the occurrence of, 1881, 586 - selenium and tellurium in, Prof. E. Divers and M. Shimose on the occur¬ rence of, 1882, 487 - sodium-alum of, Prof. E. Divers on the, 1881, 586 - the Stone age in, Prof. J. Milne on, 1879 401 Japp (Dr. F. R.) on chemical nomencla¬ ture, 1884, 39 ; 1885, 262 Jardine (Sir R.), report on zoological nomenclature, 1865, 25 Jargonia, H. C. Sorby on, 1869, 75 Jarrowite and thinolite, Prof. G. A. Lebour on, 1887, 700 Java, W. Chandler Roberts on a specimen of obsidian from, 1869, 1874 - the south coast of West, H. P. Guppy on, 1889, 669 Jeans (J. S.) on some defects in English railway administration, 1886, 768 Jebel Nagus, in the peninsula of Sinai. Capt. H. S. Palmer on an acoustic phenomenon at, 1871, 188 Jecks (Charles) on some ferruginous sandstone in the neighbourhood of Northampton, 1868, 69 - on the Crag formation, 1869, 91 - on the Red and Coralline Crags, 1870, 75 Jeffery (H. M.) on the shadows of plane curves on spheres, 1875, 15 ; on cubic spherical curves with triple cyclic arcs and triple foci, 16 - on plane cubics of the third class with a double and a single focus, 1876, GENERAL INDEX. 227 17; on spherical class-cubics with double foci and double cyclic arcs, 19 Jeffeky (H. M.) on cubics of the third class with three single foci, 1877, 26; on a cubic curve referred to a tetrad of corresponding points, 28 - on the spherical class -cubic with three single foci, 1878,490 ; on a cubic surface referred to a pentad of co- tangential points, 491 - on plane class-cubics with three single foci, 1879, 263 - on plane and spherical curves of the fourth class with quadruple foci, 1880, 478 - on the rectifiable spherical epicy¬ cloid, or involute of a small circle, 1882, 453 - on curves of the fourth class, with a triple and a single focus, 1883, 412 Jeffreys (J. Gwyn), report of the results of deep-sea dredging in Zetland., 1861, 178 ; preliminary report on the best mode of preventing the ravages of Teredo and other animals in our ships and harbours , 200 - on an abnormal form of Cgathina Smithii, 1861, 146 - report on dredging in the north and east coasts of Scotland, 1862, 371 - - on an ancient sea-bed and beach near Fort William, Inverness-shire, 1862, 73; on a species of Zimopsis now living in the British seas, with remarks on the genus, 108 ; on a speci¬ men of Astarte compressa having its hinge- teeth reversed, ib. - on exploring the coasts of Shetland by means of the dredge , 1863, 70 ; 1864, 32 7 5 1867, 31 ; 1868, 232 - on the Upper Tertiary fossils at Udde valla, in Sweden, 1863, 73 - - on Stilifer, a genus of quasi-parasitic Molluscs, with particulars of the Euro¬ pean species, S. Turtoni, 1864, 99 - report on dredging among the Channel Isles, 1865, 1 ; on the marine fauna and flora of the south coast of Devon and Cornwall, 1865, 51; 1867, 275 ; 1869, 84 - on the occurrence of certain fossil shells in the sea-bed adjoining the Channel Islands, 1865, 62 - — — on dredging among the Hebrides, 1866, 186 - - remarks on newer Tertiary fossils in Sicily and Calabria, 1870, 76 ; on a Pentacrinus from the coasts of Portugal and Spain, no - report on the Mollusca of Europe compared with those of Eastern North America, 1872, 302 - a few remarks on submarine explora¬ tions, with reference to M. Delesse’s work entitled 1 Lithologic du fond des Mers,’ 1872, 115; on the Mollusca of Europe compared with those of Eastern North America, 137 Jeffreys (J. Gwyn) on the Mollusca of the Mediterranean, 1873, 111 - on dredging on the coasts of Durham and North Yorhshire, 1874, 268 - on the so-called Crag of Bridlington. 1874, 83 - on the occupation of a table at the zoological station at Naples, 1875, iS ; 1878, 149; 1879, 165; 1880, 161 ; 1881, 178 - the biological results of a cruise in H.M.S. ‘Valorous’ to Davis Strait in 1875, 1876, 147 - on the Post-Tertiary fossils procured in the late Arctic expedition, with notes on some of the recent or living Mollusca from the same expedition, 1877, 72; Address to the Biological Section, 79 - on the possibility of establishing a ‘ close time 'for the protection of indi¬ genous animals, 1877, 207; 1878, 146: 1879, 165 ; 1880, 257 - on the French deep-sea exploration in the Bay of Biscay, 1880, 378 ; list of the Mollusca procured, 382 - further remarks on the Mollusca of the Mediterranean, 1880, 601 - on the Scottish zoological station, 1881, 177; 1882, 282; 1883, 233 - on the concordance of the Mollusca inhabiting both sides of the North Atlantic and the intermediate seas . 1884, 551 - (Julius) on the action, upon earthy minerals, of water in the form of heated steam, urged by wood fuel, an experi¬ ment reported to the Association at its Glasgow Meeting in 1840, 1869, 92 Jeffs (O. W.) on local geological photo¬ graphy, 1888, 653 - on the collection, preservation , and, systematic registration of photographs of geological interest in the United, Kingdom, 1890, 429 Jellalabad region, W. Simpson on the, 1879, 443 Jellett (Prof John PI.) on a fluid pos¬ sessing opposite rotatory powers for rays at opposite ends of the spectrum, 1866, 12 - on a method by which the formation of certain definite chemical compounds may be optically established, 1869, 23, *69 - Address to the Mathematical and Physical Section, 1874, 1 Jemison (Rev. W. EL.) on the remedies proposed for disputes about wages. 1881, 761 Q 9 228 GENERAL INDEX Jenkin (H. C. Fleeming) on permanent thermo-electric currents in circuits of one metal, 1861, 39 - — - report on standards of electrical re¬ sistance , 1862, 125; 1863, m; 1864, 345; 1865, 308; 1867, 474 5 1869,434; 1870, 14 - - description of the electrical apparatus arranged by, for the production of exact copies of the standard of resistance , 1862, 159; on thermo-electric currents in circuits of one metal, 173 - — - on the elementary relations between electrical measurements, 1863, 130; de¬ scription of an experimental measure¬ ment of electrical resistance , 1863, 163; 1864, 350 - on a modification of Siemens's * Re¬ sistance-Measurer ,’ 1867, 481 ; experi¬ ments on capacity, 483 - on the retardation of electrical signals on land-lines, 1864, 13 ; on an electric-resistance balance constructed by Prof. W. Thomson, 14 - on a new arrangement for picking up submarine cables, 1866, 145 - on the rate of increase of underground temperature, 1868, 510; 1869, 176 — — on the provision existing in the United Kingdom for the vigorous pro¬ secution of physical research , 1869, 213 - Address to the Section of Mechani¬ cal Science, 1871, 225 - on Mr. Siemens's pyrometer , 1874, 242 - — - 011 standards for use in electrical measurements , 1881, 423; 1882, 70; 1883, 41 ; 1884, 29 — — on nest gearing, 1883, 387 - on dynamical and. electrical units, 1873,222 ; 1874, 255 ; on science-lectures and organisation , 1873, 495, 507 * Jenkins (H. M.) on the Tertiary de¬ posits of Victoria, 1868, 70 * - - (S.) on the noted slate-veins of Festiniog, 1868, 70, 192 Jenyns (Rev. L.) on the temperature and rainfall at Bath, 1864, 17 Jephson (H L.) on t he valuation of pro¬ perty in Ireland, 1876, 206 - - on the desirability of simultaneous and identical legislation for England and Ireland, 1878, 673 Jerusalem : Nehemiah’s Wall and the royal sepulchres, G. St. Clair on, 1888, 744 - - Temple at. Captain C. W. Wilson on recent discoveries in and around the site of the, 1867, 13 1 * - topography of ancient, G. St. Clair on the, 1871 , 189 - water supply of, Capt. T. McNeill and Capt. C. W. Wilson on surveys re¬ lating to the, 1865, 123 Jessen (Dr.) on the absorbing power of the roots of plants, 1861, 147 - (Prof.), *a new physiological prin¬ ciple for the formation of natural bodies, 1887, 783 ; *a new geometry for the bodies of man and animals, ib. *Jesso, W. Martin Wood on the hairy men of, 1864, 150 *Jeula (Henry), a brief statement of the recent progress and present aspect of statistical inquiry in relation to shipping casualties, 1868, 168 Jevons (W. Stanley) on the study of periodic commercial fluctuations, 1862, 157 ; notice of a general mathematical theory of political economy, 158 - [Prof. W. Stanley], Address to the Section of Economic Science and Sta¬ tistics, 1870, 178 - on a uniformity of plan for the census of the United Kingdom , 1871, 57 - - on the progress of the coal question, 1875, 216; *011 the influence of the sun-spot period upon the price of corn, 217 - on the practicability of adopting a common measure of value in the assess¬ ment of direct taxation, 1876, 27 ; 1878, 220 - on the pedetic action of soap, 1878, 435 ; the periodicity of commercial crises, and its physical explanation, 666 - - on the appropriation of wages and other sources of income , 1880, 318; 1881, 272 ; 1882, 297 Jevons' method of ascertaining the number of coins in circulation. Prof. F. Y. Edgeworth on, 1888, 224 Jewish ability, a comparative estimate of, by J. Jacobs, 1885, 1231 * - and Christian races, Dr. B. W. Richardson on the comparative vitality of the, 1866, 92 Jews, Sir Duncan Gibb on a cause of diminished longevity among the, 1869, 134 ■ - — — notes on the races of the, by Dr. A. Neubauer, 1884, 917 Johnson (Prof. A.) on the importance of tidal observations in the gulf of St. Lawrence and on the Atlantic coast of the Dominion, 1884, 634 - on promoting tidal observations in Canada, 1885, 33; 1886, 150; 1887, 31 ; 1888, 27 ; 1889, 27 ; 1890, 183 - (G. J.) on the Benefit Building and Freehold Land Societies of Birming¬ ham, 1865, 154 - - (Henry), James Glaisher on a deep- sea thermometer invented by, 1861, 58 ; on a deep-sea pressure-gauge invented by, 59 - 's deep-sea pressure-gauge, experi- GENERAL INDEX. 22^ ments off Yentnor with, James Glaisher on, I860, 24 Johnson (Henry), Dr. Booth on an instru¬ ment for describing geometrical curves invented by, 1862, 3 - (H.) on the extent and durat ion of the South Staffordshire coal-field, I860, 63 ; 1886, 636 - (T.), an account of the attempts to transport salmon to Australia, 1863, 105 - on the successful accomplishment of the plan to transport salmon ova to Australia, 1861, 99 - (Prof. T.), dehiscence of fruit of Ecballium elaterivm , 1890, 867; ob¬ servations on brown and on red sea¬ weeds, 868 - (W. B.) on the application of the direct-action principle, 1861, 263 - (W. H.) on explorations from Leli, in Cashmere, to Khotan, in Chinese Tartary, 1866, 111 - (Prof. W. W.) on a theorem relating to the description of areas, 1881, 536 - on some geometrical theorems re¬ lating to the powers of circles and spheres, 1890, 743 Johnston (Miss E.) and Prof. Carnel- ley, the antiseptic properties of metal¬ lic salts in relation to their chemical composition, and the periodic law, 1887, 667 - (H. H.), a visit to Mr. Stanley’s stations on the Congo, 1883, 593 - the Portuguese possessions in West Africa, 1885, 1132 t - on the Cameroons, 1888, 745 - Kilimanjaro expedition of, a com¬ munication from Sir John Kirk on, 1881, 802 - (K.) on journeys in Paraguay in 1871-75, 1875, 193 * - (Surgeon-Major) on the dynamics of the racial diet in India, 1876, 154 - - -Lavis (H. J.), preliminary notice of the earthquake of 1881 in the island of Ischia, 1883, 499 ; preliminary notice of the earthquake of July 1883 in the island of Ischia, 501 - - notice of a geological map of Monte Somma and Vesuvius, 1884, 730 - - on the volcanic phenomena of Vesu¬ vius and its neighbourhood , 1885, 395 : 1886, 226; 1887, 226; 1888, 320; 1889,283; 1890,397 - on the conservation of heat in vol¬ canic chimneys, 1888, 666 ; on a mass containing metallic iron found on Vesuvius, 667 ; on the occurrence of leucite at Etna, 669 - - and Dr. T. Anderson on the late eruption in the island of Vulcano, 1888, 664 - - and Dr. T. Anderson, the supposed volcanic eruption of Cape Reykjantes, 1890, 810; *ona visit to the Skaptor district of Iceland, 897 Joints and ligaments of the hand, Prof. Cleland on some points connected with the, 1867, 100 Jolly (W.) on the discovery of fossils in certain remote parts of the North-nest Highlands , 1872, 238; 1873, 412; 1874, 74; 1878, 130 - on erratic blocks or boulders, 1873, 188 * - on physical education and hygiene p in schools, 1876, 207 Joly (J.) on a photometer made with translucent prisms, 1885, 917 - fon a hydrostatic balance, 1888, 564 ; on the meldometer, ib. ; on a diffu¬ sion photometer, 578 ; on reading electrically meteorological instruments distant from the observer, 589 ; on the formation of crystals of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide in the oxyhydrogen flame, 634 ; on the tem¬ perature at which beryl is decolorised, 684 ; on the occurrence of iolite in the granite of co. Dublin, 685 Joncas (L. Z.), the fisheries of Canada, 1884, 854 Jones (B.) on the antiquities of Loughor Castle, 1880, 620 - (Benjamin) on the ulterior aims of co-operators, 1890, 916 - (Rev. E.) on the exploration of El- bolton Cave, 1890, 817 - (Capt. Felix), the direct highway to India considered, 1872, 210 - (F.) on the present methods of teach¬ ing chemistry, 1888, 73 - (H. Bence), Address to the Chemi¬ cal Section, 1866, 28; on the chemical action of medicines, 38 - (John) on some points affecting the economical manufacture of iron, 1868, 192 - - (Rev. J.) on intemperance, purely with reference to Liverpool, 1870, 195 - (Prof. J. V.) on a form of mercury contact commutator of constant resist¬ ance for use in adjusting resistance coils by Wheatstone’s bridge, and for other purposes, 1885, 907 ; *on slide resistance coils with mercury con¬ tacts, ib. - - suggestions towards a determination of the ohm, 1890, 732 ■ - (Prof. T. Rupert), a synopsis of the bivalve Entomostraca of the Carboni¬ ferous strata of Great Britain and Ire¬ land, 1863, 80 ; notes on some fossil and recent Foraminifera collected in Jamaica by the late Lucas Barrett 80, 105 — - on some bone and other implements 230 GENERAL INDEX. from the caves of P6rigord, France, bearing marks indicative of ownership, tallying, or gambling, 1872, 189 J ones (Prof. T. Rupert) on the fossil Phyl- lopoda of the Palaeozoic rocks , 1883, 215 ; 1884, 75; 1885, 326; 1886, 229; 1887, 60; 1888, 173; 1889,63; 1890,424 , - on the geology of South Africa, 1884, 736 - on the coal deposits of South Africa, 1886, 641 — — (Sir Willoughby) on the arterial drainage of Norfolk, 1868, 168 * - on cavern exploration, by M. Emi- lion Frossard, in the Vallee de Cam- pan, Hautes-Pyrenees, France, 1874, 88 - (Col.) and E. J. Lowe, abnormal ferns, hybrids, and their parents, 1888, 713 * Jordan (Dr.) on an abnormal growth of a bud of a birch-tree, 1865, 82 ; *on the British Lepidoptera, with a view to investigate the origin of species, S9 * Jordan canal, the proposed, by Trelaw- ney W. Saunders, 1883, 657 - Rev. J. L. Porter on a recent jour¬ ney east of the, 1874, 179 - recent explorations east of the, Capt. A. M. Mantell on, 1888, 743 * - valley, and the Dead Sea, the formation of the, Rev. H. B. Tristram on, 1864, 19 1 * - the peculiarities of the, and the ornithology of Palestine, Rev. H. B. Tristram on, 1864, 191 - and Eastern Palestine, Rev. H. B. Tristram on the physical and politi¬ cal geography of the, 1864, 148 * - - - - Rev. Canon Tristram on the, 1883, 591 - Prof. Porter on the physical conformation and antiquities of the, 1876, 184 Joule (Dr. J. P.) on the thermal effects of elastic fluids, 1861, 83 — report on standards of electrical resistance, 1863, in ; 1864, 345 ; 1865, 308; 1867,474; 1869,434; 1870, 14 * - on the mechanical equivalent of the thermal unit by experiments on the heat evolved by electric currents, 1866, 12. See Rep. 1867, p. 512 - determination of the dynamical equivalent of heat from the thermal effects of electrical currents , 1867, 512 - - on science-lectures and organisation , 1873, 495, 507 - - on the mechanical equivalent of heat, 1876, 275 ; 1878, 102 ; 1879, 36' . - on a new dip-circle, 1870, 25 - - notice of and observations with a new dip-circle by, 1871, 48 - the influence of cohesion in relation to the experiments of, on the thermal effects of elastic fluids in motion, J. Croll on, 1862, 21 Joy (D.) on valve gear, 1884, 890 Joyce (J. G.) on the practicability of employing a common notation for electric telegraphy, 1866, 13 1 * - (Mrs.), female emigration, 1884, 866 Jubb (S.) on the shoddy trade, 1873, 194 Judd (J. W.) on the age of the Wealden, 1870, 77 - on the discovery of Cretaceous rocks in the islands of Mull and Inch Kenneth, 1872, 115 - Address to the Geological Section, 1885, 994 - on the fossil plants of the Tertiary and Secondary beds of the United King¬ dom , 1886, 241 ; 1887, 229 - - note accompanying a series of photographs prepared by J. Martin, Esq., to illustrate the scene of the recent volcanic eruption in New Zea¬ land, 1886, 644 - - on the natural history of lavas, as illustrated by the materials ejected from Krakatoa, 1887, 71 1 . - [Prof. J. W.] on the advisability and possibility of establishing in other parts of the country observations upon the prevalence of earth tremors similar to those now being made in Durham , 1888, 522 Jukes (J. Beete), Address to the Geolo¬ gical Section, 1862, 54 - on certain markings on some of the bones of a Megaceros hibernicus lately found in Ireland, 1863, 81 * - - on the progress of the Geological Survey in Ireland, 1861, 117 - - -Brown (A. J.), note on a bed of Red Chalk in the Lower Chalk of Suf¬ folk, 1886, 664 Juncus alpinus, Vill., as new to Britain, . C. Bailey on, 1887, 745 Juno (Prof. G.), resume of researches on the inverse problems of moments of inertia and of moments of resistance, 1876, 21 ; resume of researches upon the graphical representation of the moments of resistance of plane figures, 23 ; on a new construction for the central nucleus of a plane section, 25 Junod (Dr.) on the physiological effect produced by apparatus contrived for the purpose of causing a vacuum upon the entire body, or a part thereof, *1863, 1 16 ; 1864, 125 Jurassic birds and their allies, Prof. O. C. Marsh on, 1881, 661 - fishes, some new and little known British, A. S. Woodward on, 1889, 5S5 — — fish-fauna, the discovery of a, in the Hawkesbury-Wianamatta beds of GENERAL INDEX. 231 New South Wales, A S. Woodward on, 1890, 822 Jurassic mammals, American, Prof. O. C. Marsh on, 1884, 734 * - seas, E. C. H. Day on the history of the, as evidenced by the history of the first Liassic sea, 1865, 51 Jussicea, Prof. C. Martins sur les racines aeriferes on vessies natatoires, la synonymie et la distribution geogra- phique de quelques esp^ces aquatiques du genre, 1867, 163 Jute-plant, Prof. Hodges on the composi¬ tion of the fibre of the, and its use as a textile material, 1874, 63 * Jutes of the Isle of Wight, J. Park Harrison on the, 1882, 607 *Jyram-Row (A.) on the present state of education in India, and its bearing- on the question of social science, 1871, 212 Kaffirs of Natal, Dr. R. J. Mann on the, 1866, 1 12 4 Kahns,’ D. Milne-Home on elongated ridges of Drift, common in the south of Scotland, called, 1861, 115 Kaines (J.) on the racial aspects of music, 1870, 152 - on the anthropology of Auguste Comte, 1871, 153 - on western anthropologists and ex¬ tra-western communities, 1872, 189 - a true cerebral theory necessary to anthropology, 1873, 146 Kairwan, E. Rae on, 1883, 591 Kajunah district, Yassin and the, Dr. R. G. Latham on, 1883, 566 Hvakongo, a journey through, Q. E. Dennett on, 1888, 745 ^Kalahari, E. Wilkinson on the, 1890, 892 *Kalatoa and Puloweh, John Cameron on the islands of, 1864, 140 Kampti country, a trip into the, and the western branch of the Irrawady river, from Upper Assam, Lieut. -Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen on, 1885, 1126 Kandahar, surveys round, Major Rogers on, 1879, 448 • - and Girishk, the country between, Capt. R. Beavan on, 1879, 445. ( See ‘ Candahar ’) Kane (Sir Robert) on a uniformity of weights and measures, 1865, 375 ; 1866, 352; 1867,468; 1868, 484; 1869,308; 1870, 232 ; 1871, 198 Kansas, the geography and meteorology of, Dr. L. Forbes on, 1882, 625 Kanyeageh, Canada, James Heywood on the sanitary state of the Indians in the settlement of, 1868, 169 Kapp (G.) on the condition of maximum work obtainable from a given source of alternating electromotive force, 1887, 876 Kapp (G.) on the development of graphic methods in mechanical science, 1889, 322 - on the liineff electric tramway, 1890, 956 *Karategin, Major-General Abramof on the principality of, 1871, 174 *Karoly (A.) on rates of interest and banks of issue, 1877, 179 - contributions to the remote history of mankind, 1887, 91 1 - for previous communications, see Akin (Dr. C. K.) f Kasai, the Upper, and the Sankuru, ex¬ plorations on, by Dr. L. Wolf, 1887, 798 Kashmir and the Upper Indus Valley, the Post-Tertiary ancl more recent deposits of, Lieut. -Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen on, 1880, 589 Katrine, Lochs Lomond, Tay and, A. Buchan on the deep-water temperature of, 1872, 207 Kay (J. T.), a plan for county councils, 1887 ,837 Keane (A. H.) on the relations of the Indo-Chinese and Inter-oceanic races and languages, 1879, 391 Keene (William) on the Coal-Measures of New South Wales, with Spirifer , (tlossopteris, and Lepidodendron , 1864, 58 Keeping (H.) on the Higher Eocene beds of the Isle of Wight , 1887, 414 - (W.) on the glacial geology of Central Wales, 1881, 648 - — on the geology of Cardigan town, 1882, 531 *Keevil (H.) on the development of electricity from the rays of the sun and other sources of light, 1864, 14 Kekip sesoators, the, or ancient sacrifi¬ cial stone of the N.W. territory of Canada, notes on, by J. L’Heureux, 1884, 921 Kekule’s model to illustrate graphic for¬ mulae, J. Dewar on, 1868, 36 Kelland (Prof. P.) on tidal observations, 1868,489; 1870, 120 — — on instruction in elementary geo¬ metry, 1873,459 - on instruction in elementary geome¬ try, and on the syllabus drawn up by the Association for the improvement of geometrical teaching , 1876, 8 Ivellaway’s rock, the recent exposures of, at Bedford, A. C. G. Cameron on, 1889, 577 Keltie (J. S.) on geographical education, 1885, 1133 - on the commercial geography of Africa, 1890, 892 *Kemp (Dr. G.) on ozone, 1864, 32 232 GENERAL INDEX. Kempe (H. E.) and W. H. Peeece on a new scale for tangent galvanometers, 1886, 546 Kendall ( J. D.) on the Glacial deposits of West Cumberland, 1881, 617 - (P. F.) on the Glacial phenomena of the Isle of Man, 1890, 807 - and V. Cornish on the mineralogical constitution of calcareous organisms, 1887, 700 ^Kennedy (Prof. A. B. W.) on centroids, and their application to some mechani¬ cal problems, 1876, 26 ; *on Reuleaux's treatment of mechanisms, 226 - on Babbage's analytical machine. 1878, 92 - on the endurance of metals under repeated and varying stresses, and the proper working stresses on railway bridges, 3,'c., 1886, 284 ; 1887, 424 - - experiments upon the transmission of power by compressed air in Paris (. Popp's system'), 1889, 448 - (Lieut. -Col.) on the British home and colonial empire in its mutual rela¬ tions, 1864, 169 Kent (W. S.) on an existing favositoid coral, 1870, 1 1 9 ; *on the affinities of the sponges to the corals, 120 - on the zoological results of the dredging expedition of the yacht ‘ Norna ’ ofE the coast of Spain and Portugal in 1870, 1871, 132 Kentish Sub- Wealden boring exploration , report on the, 1873, 490 ; 1874, 21 ; 1875, 346 ; 1878, 380 Kent's Cavern, Torquay .Devonshire, report of the Committee for exploring, I860, 16; 1866, 1; 1867, 24; 1868, 45; 1869, 189; 1870, 16; 1871, 1; 1872,' 28; 1873, 198; 1874, 1; 1875, 1; 1876, 1 ; 1877, 1 ; 1878, 124 ; 1879, 140; 1880, 62 • - W. Pengelly on the flint and chert implements found in, 1867, 28 ; 1873,209 - G. Busk on bones found in, 1874, 7 - W. Pengelly on the condition of some of the bones found in, 1868, 76 — — W. Pengelly on the alleged discovery of Hippopotamus major and Machair- odus latidens in, 1869, 99 - W. Pengelly on Machairodus lati¬ dens, found by the Rev. J. MacEnery in, 1872, 1 19 * - W. Pengelly on archaeological dis¬ coveries in, 1875, 1 17 Kermode (P.M. C.) on the foot of birds, and on the use of the serrated claw, 1881, 670 - on the migration of birds, 1882, 283 ; 1883, 229 Kerosine shale of Mount Victoria, New South Wales, Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins on the, 1886, 643 Kerr (Dr. J.) on rotation of the plane of polarisation by reflection from a mag¬ netic pole, 1876, 40 - on electro-optic action of a charged Franklin’s plate, 1885, 930 — — on researches on electro -optics, 1890, 144 Kerr’s magneto-optic phenomenon : its laws and application for measuring purposes, Dr. H. E. J. G. du Bois on, 1889, 515 Kessler (L.) on the commercial advan¬ tages of a new carbonate of soda, 1863, 43 ; on glass-engraving by hydrofluoric acid, 44 ; on a new system of evapo¬ rating liquids, ib. Ketley (C.) on the Silurian rocks and fossils of Dudley, 1865, 63 Keuper beds between Retford and Gains¬ borough, F.M. Burton on the, 1879, 336 - bone-breccia of Pendock, Worcester¬ shire, Rev. W. S. Symonds on scutes of the Labyrintlwdon from the, 1862, 96 - fissures in the, filled with Rhastic bone-bed, at Goldcliffe, J. E. Lee on veins or, 1872, 1 16 - Lower, sandstone of Cheshire, A. Strahan on the, 1881, 635 - and Bunter formations in the country around Liverpool, G. H. Mor¬ ton on the, 1890, 819 Kew Observatory, Balfour Stewart on the photographic records given at the, of the great magnetic storm of the end of Aug. and beginning of Sept. 1859, 1861, 47 - Dr. Jacintho Antonio de Souza on the, 1862, 109 - Dr. J. D. Everett on the results of observations of atmospheric electricity at, and Windsor, Nova Scotia, 1867, 20 -- — and Lisbon magnetic curves, Sehhor Capello on a comparison of the, during the disturbance of February 20-25, 1866, 1867, 20 Khanikof (Nicolas de) on the ethno¬ logy of the Iranian race, 1864, 145 — — - experiments for the verification of the laws of Dr. Henry and Dalton on the absorption of gases bv liquids, 1867, 34 - on the latitude of Samarcand, 1869, 164 Khasi Hill tribes, Major H. H. Godwin- Austen on the rude stone monuments of the, 1874, 153 Khiva, J. A. MacGahan on the Russian expedition to, 1874, 183 * - and Turcomania, E. D. Morgan on Russian accounts of, 1873, 172 Kidd (Dr. Charles) on chloroform acci¬ dents, and some new physiological facts as to their explanation and removal, 1861, 167 GENERAL INDEX. 233 Kidd (Dr. Charles) on simple syncope as a coincident in chloroform accidents, 1862, 130 - - on restoring drowned persons, pa¬ tients in chloroform accidents, &c., 1863, 1 16 - on the physiology of sleep and of chloroform anaesthesia, 1869, 125 Kidney, the action of atropine on the secretion of the : its evidence as to the mechanism of the secretion, J. McGregor- Robertson on, 1885, 1075 * Kidneys, Dr. T. Moffat on the oxidation of phosphorus and the quantity of phosphoric acid excreted by the, in connection with atmospheric condi¬ tions, 1869, 72 Kidston (R.) on the lest methods for the registration of all type specimens of fossils in the British Isles , 1890, 339 Kilgour (H ), Are nitrogen and carbonic oxide, the oxide of carbon, in different allotropic or isomeric states? 1863, 45 tKilimanjaro, E. Africa, Dr. Hooker on the subalpine vegetation of, 1873, 105 - and the adjoining mountains of Eastern Equatorial Africa , report on the exploration of, 1883, 228 ; 1884, 271 ; 1885, 681 ; report by Prof. Bouncy on the rocks collected by EL. H. John¬ ston, Esq., 1885, 682 - expedition, Mr. H. H. Johnston’s, a communication from Sir John Kirk on, 1884, 802 Kiltearn, the Black Rock of, the chasm called, W. Watson on, 1885, 1018 Kiltorcan Hill, co. Kilkenny, W. H. Daily on some fossils from the Old Red Sand¬ stone of, 1868, 58 - Quarry , co. Kilkenny, IF. Hellier Baily on fossils obtained at, 1869, 73 Kimberley, West Australia, the geology of the newly discovered goldfields m, E. T. Hardman on, 1886, 645 - notes on natives of, by B. T. Hard¬ man, 1886, 835 - observations on four crania from, by Dr. P. S. Abraham, 1886, 836 Kinahan (G. H.), notes on the race- elements of the Irish people, 1869, 136 * - on geological maps and sections of West Galway and South-west Mayo, 1874, 88 - on the drifting power of tidal cur¬ rents and that of wind-waves, 1875, 74 - on the hiatus said to have been found in the rocks of West Cork, 1880, 574 - on the Laurentian rocks in Ireland, 1881, 609 - on explorations in caves of Carbon¬ iferous Limestone in the South of Ire¬ land, 1882, 240; 1883, 132 - - on Irish metamorphic rocks, 1885, 1030 Kinahan (G. H.) on Archaean rocks, 1887, 709; on inscribed stones from Mevagh and Barnes, co. Donegal, 908 Kinematical analogues, Prof. Everett on statical and, 1874, 11 Kinematics of a rigid body, Prof. Everett on the, 1873, 28 - the elucidation of a question in, by the aid of non-Euclidian space, R. S. Ball on, 1881, 535 ^Kinetic elasticity as illustrating the mechanical theory of heat, Prof. 0. Reynolds on, 1884, 622 * - theories, Prof. G. D. Liveing on, 1885, 904 * - theories of matter, Prof. A. Crum Brown on, 1885, 904 Kinetical theory of matter, T. M. Lindsay and W. R. Smith on Democritus and Lucretius, a question of priority in the, 1871, 30 King (Alfred) on the self-registering barometer at the Liverpool Observa¬ tory, 1865, 18 - (B.), co-operative farming, 1886, 757 - (C. B.) on extinguishing fires, 1863, 174 - (Lieut. C. Cooper), discovery of a flint-implement station in Wishmoor Bottom, near Sandhurst, 1872, 180 - (Mrs. E. M.) on confederated homes and co-operative housekeeping, 1873, 195 — — (J.), the policy of exercising a dis¬ crimination between the deserving and undeserving in the giving of public poor relief, 1890, 921 - (Dr. R.) on the natives of Van¬ couver's Island and British Columbia, 1869, 225 - on blight in man and in the animal and vegetable world, 1870, 141 ; on the Manx of the Isle of Man, 153 - on the Lapps, 1871, 153 - (Dr.) on erratic blocks or boulders , 1873, 188 - (Prof. W.) on some objects of natu¬ ral history lately obtained from the bottom of the Atlantic, 1862, 108 - on the Neanderthal skull, or reasons for believing it to belong to the Cly- dian ( = Glacial) period, and to a species different from that represented by man, 1863, 81 * - on the age of the crystalline rocks of Donegal, 1878, 547 - and T. Davidson on the genera Irimerella , Binobolus, and J fonome- rella, 1872, 100 — — and Rowney (Prof.) on some points in the geology of Strath, Isle of Skye, 1870, 78 - (W.), the gold-fields, and the quartz outcrops of Southern India, 1881, 639 234 GENERAL INDEX. King W. F.), description of Sir IF. Thom¬ son's experiments made for the determi¬ nation of v, the number of electrostatic units in the electromagnetic unit , 1869, 434 - - - (W. Poole) on the premature decay of the frescoes in the Houses of Parlia¬ ment, its cause and remedy, 1864, 32 King Arthur’s Cave near Whitchurch, Rev. W. S. Symonds on implements found in, 1871, 109, *160 *King crab and the scorpion, Prof. E. Pay Lankester on the, 1883, 541 * King Orry’s grave,’ the monument known as, compared with tumuli in Gloucestershire, Miss A. W. Buckland on, 1888, 854 Kingani, the river, in East Africa, F. Holmwood on, 1877, 144 *Kingswood Hill, on the geological for¬ mation of the district around, 1864, 52 Kingzett (C. T.) on the oxidation of the essential oils, 1875, 43 - on the limited oxidation of terpenes (Part IV.), 1876, 64; on the action of alcohol on the brain, 154 - - on hederic acid and resin of scam- mony, 1877, 52 * - on the activity of oxygen, and the mode of formation of hydrogen dioxide, 1882, 494 * - and Dr. B. H. Paul, preliminary account of the alkaloids from Japanese aconite, 1877, 52 - and M. Zingler on the albumen of commerce, 1877, 52 *Kinnear (J. B.), a new method for dis¬ infecting sewage and recovering am¬ monia from it, 1883, 474 * Kinoline bases, Prof. Dewar on the, 1879, 3W - see ‘ Chinoline ’ Kirch hoff (Prof. G. R.) on standards of electrical resistance, 1862, 150 Kirchhoff’s rules for electric circuits, Prof. J. C. Maxwell on the application of, to the solution of a geometrical problem, 1874, 18 Kirghiz, or Buruts, R. Michell on the sup¬ posed lost language and antiquity of the, 1875, 176 *Kirk (A. C.) on the production of cold by the expansion of air, 1864, 32 — — (Dr. J.) on a visit to the Mungao district in East Africa in 1876, 1877, . 145 Ivirkby (J. W.), synopsis of the bivalved Entomostraca of the Carboniferous strata of Great Britain and Ireland, 1863, 80 ; on some fossil fishes from the Permian limestone of Fulwell, near Sunderland, 82 * - and T. Atthey on some fish re¬ mains that have occurred in the Coal- Measures of Durham and Northumber¬ land, 1863, 191 Kirkby Lonsdale, Prof. Phillips on the formation of valleys near, 1 864, 63 Kirkman (Rev. T. P.) on the roots of substitutions, 1861, 4 Kirkwood’s (Prof.) treatise on meteoric astronomy , summary of, 1868, 418 Kitai and Kara Kitai, Dr. Gustav Oppert on the, 1869, 165 Kitchener (Lieut. H. H.) on the line of levels run from the Mediterranean to the Sea of Galilee, 1877, 146 - on the survey of Galilee, 1878, 624 Kitchen-midden at Ballycotton in co. Cork, Prof. Harkness on the discovery of a, 1870, 150 Kitchen-middens of Hissarlik, Dr. E. L. Moss on a collection of organic remains from the, 1879, 401 Kjokkenmodden on the coast of Corn¬ wall, C. Spence Bate on a human skull and the bones of animals found with pottery in a, 1864, 88 * - in the island of Heron, J. W. Flower on a, 1866, 96 Kleiber (J.) on the errors of the argu¬ ment of statistical tables, 1888, 618 ’’■’Knight (Mrs.), note on the ethnic type of the inhabitants of the Evolena valley in Switzerland, 1887, 914 ‘ Knight Errant,’ the cruise of the, Prof. Sir C. Wyville Thomson on, 1880, 603 Knockshigowna in Tipperary, A. B. Wynne on the geology of, 1861, 135 Knott (Prof. C. G.) on the recent mag¬ netic survey of Japan, 1888, 58S Knowles (W. J.), a glimpse of prehistoric times in the North of Ireland, 1874, 155 - - the classification of arrow-heads, 1876, 166; additional remarks on the find of prehistoric objects at Port- stewart, ib. - on flint factories at Portstewart and elsewhere in the North of Ireland, 1878, 579 - — — on excavations at Portstewart and elsewhere in the North of Ireland, 1879, 171 - on flint implements from the valley of the Bann, 1879, 389 ; on some curi¬ ous leathern and wooden objects from Tullyreagh bog, co. Antrim. 395 - on the origin and use of oval tool- stones, 1881, 692 — : — on basalt apparently overlying Post- Glacial beds, co. Antrim. 1883, 497 ; on the antiquity of man in Ireland, 562 Knubley (Rev. E. P.) on making a digest of the observations on the migration of birds, 1889, 1 14; 1890, 464 ; on boulders at Staveley, Arhendale, and Claro Hill, 1889, 125 GENERAL INDEX. 235 IvOCH (Dr. Karl) on the necessity of photographing- plants to obtain a better knowledge of them, 1868, 102; on the specific identity of the almond and the peach, ib. ; on the classifica¬ tion of the species of crocus, ib. Koch’s discovery of the bacillus of tuber¬ culosis, F. J. Faraday on, 1882, 578 Koeboes and other tribes of Sumatra, H. 0. Forbes on the, 1883, 565 *Koh-Khodja, Major B. Lovett on a visit to, 1873, 172 Kohlrausch (Prof. F.), iiber das Lei- tungsvermdgen einiger Electrolyte in dusserst verdunnter wasseriger Ed sung, 1886, 334; remarks thereon, by E. Eouty, 339 ; criticism of these remarks by Prof. Kohlrausch, 341 Kohn (Ferdinand) on the iron and steel at the Paris Exhibition, 1867, 155 - on the recent progress of steel manufacture, 1868, 193 KoxiCx (Dr. A.), the modern development of Thomas Young's theory of colour- vision, 1886, 431 * - (Rudolf) on musical beats and resultant tones, 1872, 58 *Krakatoa, the recent sun-glows and halos in connection with the eruption of, Prof. E. D. Archibald on, 1884, 641 - smoke-stream, the direction of the upper currents over the equator in connection with the, Prof. E. D. Archi¬ bald on, 1887, 619 ‘ Krao,’ the so-called missing link, J. Park Harrison on, 1883, 575 Krause (Arthur and Aurel) on a visit to the Chukchi Peninsula in 1881, 1882, 612 Kronecker (Prof. H.) and Dr. T. W. Mills on the cardiac nerves of the turtle, 1884, 776 * - the co-ordinating centres of, de¬ monstration of, by Dr. T. W. Mills, 1884, 776 *Kuhne (Prof. W.) on the termination of motor nerves, and their connection with muscular contractions, 1862, 195 - - - Dr. A. Gamgee on experiments confirmatory of those of, on the non¬ existence of ammonia in blood, 1865, 107 ‘ Kulm ’ and ‘ culm,’ Prof. G. A. Lebour on, 1879, 352 flvUND (Lieut. R.), recent explorations in the Southern Congo basin, 1886, 736 Kura, the lake of Arabian geographers and cartographers, Dr. Beke on, 1866, 104 Kuram valley, Capt. G. Martin on the, 1879, 445 ^Kurdistan, J. G. Taylor’s notes on, 1864, 148 Kwei-Yang-Fu, a journey from Canton to, up the Canton river, W. Mesny on, 1880, 660 Kynaston (J. W.) on a new process for the production, from aluminous metals containing iron, of sulphate of alumina free from iron, 1880, 545 ^Labour, capital and, W. Morris on, 1873, 196 * - classes of England, Wales, and Scotland, W. Tayler on the manual, 1871, 223 * - classification of, F. Wilson on the, 1868, 179 * - division of, W. B. Adams on the, 1865, 135 * - free trade in, D. A. Spalding on, 1875, 220 - mobility of, modern changes in the, II. LI. Smith on, 1890, 927 - — — reduction in the hours of, Prof. J. E. C. Munro on the probable effects on mages of a general, 1890, 472 - value of, in relation to economic theory, J. Bonar on the, 1890, 917 Labourers and capitalists , report on the economic effects of combinations of, 1874, 266; '1875, 146 Labouring classes, dietaries of the, Dr. E. Smith on the, 1863, 123 * - - classes, combination of food in the meals of the, Dr. E. Smith on the, 1864, 191 * - classes, nutritive elements in the dietar}7 of the, Dr. E. Smith on, 1864, 191 - population, Henry Roberts on the increased circulation of a pure and in¬ structive literature adapted to the capa¬ cities and the means of the, 1862, 172 Jjabyrinthodon, Rev. W. S. Symonds on scutes of the, from the Keuper bone- breccia of Pendock, Worcestershire, 1862, 96 Labyrinthodont amphibia, a new species of, from the cqal at Jarrow Collieiy, near Castlecomer, co. Kilkenny, de¬ scription of, by W. H. Baily, 1875, 62 - amphibia and fish found in the coal of Jarrow Collieiy, near Castle¬ comer, co. Kilkenny, Ireland, W. H, Baily on some additional, 1878, 530 - remains from the Upper Carboni¬ ferous (gas-coal) of Bohemia, Dr. A. Fritsch on, 1876, 89 Labyrinthodonts, remains of, in the Y'oredale rocks of Wensleydale, J. W. Davis on the, 1883, 492 - report on the structure and classifi¬ cation of the, 1873, 225; 1874, 149 Laccolites, W. W. Watts on the Corndon. 1886, 670 236 GENERAL INDEX. Lace and hosiery trades of Nottingham, W. Felkin on the, 1866, 128 *Lacerta muralis, W. R. Weldon on the early development of the, 1882, 579 Lachenalia pendula, the adventitious buds on the leaves of, Prof. McNab on, 1887, 744 Lach-Szyrma (Rev. W. S.) on the eth¬ nology of West Cornwall, 1877, 121 Lactic series, Dr. Frankland on the constitution of the acids of the, 1865, 30 Lacustrine deposit at Hoxne, Suffolk, C. Reid and H. N. Ridley on fossil Arctic plants from the, 1888, 674 - human habitations in Wigtonshire, Lord Lovaine on the recent discovery of, 1863, 141 Ladd (W.) on a new form of siren, 1863, 14; on an acoustic telegraph, 19; on an electromotive engine, ib. - on a new form of d}rnamo-magnetic machine, 1867, 13 * - on a magneto-electric machine, 1867, 14 - on a further development of the dynamo - magneto - electric machine, 1868, 19 - on an improved lantern for lecture demonstrations with electric light, 1870, 26 - on a respirator for use in extinction of fires, 1871, 44 f - on the construction of large Nicol’s prisms, 1874, 26 * - a description of Spottiswoode’s pocket polarising apparatus, 1876, 41 - on Edmunds’ electrical phonoscope. 1878, 448 ; on Byrne’s compound plate pneumatic battery, ib. - on improvements in dynamo-elec¬ tric machines, 1879, 258 - on the best form of magnet for magneto-electric machines, 1880, 467 ^Ladders, G. Fawcus on improvements in scaling - and other, 1864, 186 Ladenburg (Prof. A.) on the constitu¬ tion of atropine, 1887, 647 Lafitte process of welding metals, W. Anderson on the, 1886, 800 Laflamme (Rev. Abbe J. C.), note sur quelques bassins bydrographiques du Dominion Oriental, 1884, 81 1 *Lagneau (M. G.) on the Saracens in France, 1866, 96 Lagoons of Corsica, Professor D. T. Ansted on the, 1867, 54, 112 Lagrange’s determinantal equation of small oscillations, the occurrence of equal roots in, F. Purser on, 1878, 463 * - equations, the applicability of, to certain problems of fluid motion, Prof. J. Purser on, 1878, 463 - equations of motion referred to generalised co-ordinates, R. B. Hay¬ ward on a proof of, 1869, 10 ^Lagrange’s theorem, a historical note on, by W. Barrett Davis, 1868, 8 * Lahore, Prof. Leitner on papers from, 1866, 96 Laing (Miss J. M.) on the modes of grinding and drying corn in old times, 1885, 1216 - (Dr. R.) on the bone caves of Cresswell, and discovery of an extinct Pleiocene feline ( Felis brevirostris ) new to Great Britain, 1889, 582 Laisser faire, the economic exceptions to, Prof. H. Sidgwick on, 1886, 764 Lake basins, J. Curry on the general con¬ ditions of the Glacial epoch, with sug¬ gestions on the formation of, 1871, 95 - basins, the glacial origin of, Dr. A. R. C. Selwyn on, 1884, 721 - - country, Prof. Harkness and H. Nicholson on the geology of the, 1865, 57 - district (English'), Prof. J. Phillips on the quantity of rain measured in the , 1868, 472 - - district, Professor Harkness and H. A. Nicholson on the Coniston group of the, 1867, 61 - - - district, the green slates and por¬ phyries of the, Prof. Harkness and Dr. H. A. Nicholson on, 1870, 74 *- — — dwelling, W. Tennant on the traces of an Irish, 1866, 79 - dwellings, ancient British, the ar¬ cheological importance of, and their relation to analogous remains in Europe, Dr. R. Munro on, 1885, 1221 * - Lob, Richthofen, Prejevalski, and, E. D. Morgan on, 1878, 629 - - Moeris, ancient maps of, Cope Whitehouse on, 1890, 896 - (Superior, Prof. H. A. Nicholson on the geology of the Thunder Bay and Shabendowan mining-districts on the north shore of, 1872, 118 * - Yamdok in Tibet, the complete exploration of, Trelawney W. Saunders on, 1885, 1126 Lakes, extra-morainic, some important, in Central England, North America, and elsewhere, during the period of maximum glaciation, Prof. H. C. Lewis on, 1887, 692 * - of North America, J. A. Lapham on some facts respecting the, 1863, 140 - - Scottish, J. Y. Buchanan on the depth and temperature of some, 1885, n 38 Lalor (Dr. J.) on the education and training of the insane, 1878, 667 *Lamantin, T. J. Moore on a young, 1870, 121 Lamb (Prof. H.) on the theory of electric GENERAL INDEX 237 endosmose and other allied phenomena , and on the existence of a sliding co¬ efficient for a fluid in contact with a solid , 1887, 495 Lamb (Prof. H.) on the desirability of in¬ troducing a uniform nomenclature for the fundamental units of mechanics , 1888, 27 - (John) on the reduction of the death-rale in Gateshead by sanitary measures, 1863, 156 Lambert’s proof of the irrationality of 7 r, J. W. L. Glaisher on, 1871, 12 - — — theorem, a simple proof of, Prof. J. C. Adams on, 1877, 15 Lame's differential equation , Prof. F. Lindemann on, 1883, 351 Lamellibranchiata, British fossil, J. L. Lobley on the distribution of the, 1869, 96 - of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage, Chemung, and Catshill groups (equivalent to the Lower, Middle, and Upper Devonian of Europe), Prof. J. Hall on the, with especial reference to the arrangement of the Mon omy aria, and the development and distribution of the species of the genus leptodesma, 1884, 726 t Lamina immersed obliquely in a fluid stream, Lord Rayleigh on the forces experienced by a, 1876, 31 Laminaria bulbosa, the development of the bulb in, C. A. Barber on, 1888, 710 Lamp giving a constant light, A. Vernon Harcourt on a, 1883, 426 - standard, A. Vernon Harcourt on a, 1887, 617 — — H. Larkin on a magnesium, 1866, 40 - R. Lavender on a new form of, 1876, 229 Lamplugh (G. W.) on the Bridlington and Dimlington Glacial shell-beds, 1881, 616 - on an ancient sea-beach near Brid¬ lington Quay , 1888, 328; 1889, 70; 1890, 375 - on a new locality for the Arctic shell-beds of the basement Boulder Clay on the Yorkshire coast, 1889, 590 - on the boulders and glaciated rock- surfaces of the Yorkshire coast, 1890, 797 ; East Yorkshire during the Glacial period, 798 ; on the Speeton clays and their equivalents in Lincolnshire, 808 ^Lamport (Charles) on naval efficiency and dockyard economy, 1871, 212 Lanarkshire, James Thomson on certain reptilian remains found in the Carbon¬ iferous strata of, 1868, 79 Lancashire, age of the Middle Sands of, S. V. Wood and F. W. Harmer on the palaeontological aspects of the Middle Glacial formation of the East of Eng¬ land, and their bearing upon the, 1870, 90 Lancashire, the anthropology of, Dr. J. Beddoe on, 1870, 143 - - coal-field, A. H. Green on the faults of a portion of the, 1861, 1 13 - the increase of wealth and popula¬ tion in, W. E. A. Axon on, 1887, 852 - pauperism and mortality of, F. Purdy on the, 1862, 165 - F. Purdy on the mortality of, during the year ended Midsummer 1863, 1863, 159 - operatives, Dr. E. Smith on the dietary of the, 1863, 123 - North, a comparison of, in 1836 and 1883, by Hyde Clarke, 1883, 631 - West, correlation of certain Post- Glacial deposits in, C. E. De Ranee on the, 1877, 68 Land, elevations and subsidences of the. Rev. J. Gunn on the alternate, and the oider of the succession of strata in Norfolk and Suffolk, 1868, 66 - Rev. J. Gunn on the agency of the alternate elevation and subsidence of the, in the formation of boulder-clays and glaciers, and the excavation of valleys and bays, 1871, 100 - and water, the alternations of level of, Rev. J. Gunn on the formation of boulder-clays and, 1870, 72 * - physical causes which have pro¬ duced the unequal distribution of, and water between the hemispheres, J. W, Reid on the, 1869, 100 — surfaces, Carboniferous and other, H. Woodward on relics of the, 1871,. 1 13 * - the creation of a public commis¬ sion to purchase, for resale to occupiers in Ireland, F. Nolan on, 1878, 662 - depreciation of, as caused by recent legislation, C. C. Prance on, 1887* 835 - laws, E. de Laveleye on, 1884, 862 — — - municipalisation of the, Sir Geo, Campbell on the, 1885, 1158 - - policy of the United States, the public, W. C. Ford on, 1886, 761 - privileges over, wrongly called pro¬ perty, Sir G. Campbell on the, 1874, 195 ■ - question, the condition of small farmers, and their position with refer¬ ence to the, M. O’Brien on, 1878, 661 - question, agricultural statistics and the, W. Botly on, 1880. 668 - Society, Coventry Freehold, C. H. Bracebridge on the, 1863, 15 1 - Societies of Birmingham, G. J. John¬ son on the Benefit Building and Free¬ hold, 1865, 154 - tax in India, Hyde Clarke on the; distinction between rent and, 1869, 1S1 238 GENERAL INDEX. Land tenure, William Botly on, 1871, 202 _ tenure in Bosnia and the Herzego¬ vina, Miss Irby on, 1887, 837 _ transfer of, J. H. Edge on the sim¬ plification of, 1878, 663 _ transfer of Australia as applicable to Ireland, Colonel Torrens on the, 1861, 179 * _ transfer of, the results to be attained by applying to the, in this country, the methods employed in the British colonies, Sir R. Torrens on, 1881, 760 '•'•Lands of the globe still available for European settlement, the, paper by E. G. Ravenstein, and discussion on, 1890, 89 3 _ waste, F. Wilson on the occupation and ownership of, 1866, 137 Landfall of Columbus, R. H. Major on the, 1870, 17 1 *Landon (F. G.) on a method of deduc¬ ing the sum of the reciprocals of the first 2r 11 numbers from the sum of the reciprocals of the first w numbers, 1877, 30 ; *on the tendency of a system of heavenly bodies to centralise and ap- pl anise, if subject to resistance in their motions, 31 Lane (D.) on a new form of electro re¬ gistering apparatus, 1878, 4541 on an isochronic pendulum, 455 Lang (A.) on the origin of Fetishism, 1879, 396 Langley (Prof. J. W.) on a probable manifestation of chemical attraction as a mechanical stress, 1887, 657 - proposed international standards to control the analysis of iron and steel, 1888, 640 _ on the best method of establishing international standards for the analysis of iron and steel , 1889, 5°; 1890, 262 _ (Prof. S. P.) on the distribution of energy in the solar spectrum, 1882, 459 Langtry (G.) on the occurrence of the Middle Lias at Ballycasile, 1874, 88 Language, the antiquity of gesture and sign, and the origin of characters and speech, Hyde Clarke on, 1880, 630 _ antiquity of man from the evidence of, John Crawfurd on the, 1861, 191 * _ community of, and uniformity of notation, weights, measures, and coin¬ age, P. H. Thoms on, 1867, 145 _ and ethnology, Rev. F. W. Farrar on, 1865, 120 _ _ and mythology as departments of biological science, Edward B. Tyloron, 1868, 120 * _ physiology of, Dr. Hughlings Jack- son on the, 1868, 120 Languages of Australia, the A arra and the, in connection ’with those of the Mozambique and Portuguese Africa, Hyde Clarke on, 1879, 381 Languages, Celtic, R. S. Charnock on, 1863, "134 - Celtic, John Crawfurd on the so- called, 1863, 135 - classification of, on the basis of ethnology, Dr. G. Oppert on a, 1879, 392 - invention and history of written, John Crawfurd on the, 1866, 108 - North American, Maj. J. IV. Powell on the classification of, 1881, 899 * - seat and faculty of articulate, Prof. Paul Broca on the, 1868, 120 Lankester (Dr.) on science-lectures and organisation , 1873, 495, 507 - (E. Ray) on the species of the genus Pteraspis, 1864, 58 - on the genus Pteraspis, 1864, 100 - on Annelida from Guernsey, 1865, 65 ; on the British species of Cephal- aspis and the Scotch Pteraspis , ib. - on the asexual reproduction and anatomy of dice, tog aster vermicularis, 1866, 74 - on some new Ceplialaspidean fishes, 1867, 63 ; on the boring of limestones by certain annelids, 85 ; on the ana¬ tomy of the limpet, ib. ; observations with the spectroscope on animal sub¬ stances, 101 - on the investigation of animal sub¬ stances with the spectroscope, 1868, 113 - on the oldest beds of the Crags, 1868, 70 - *011 a stock-form of the parasitic flatworm, 1870, 120; *on oligochaetous worms, ib. ; *note on methmmoglobin, 141 ; *on the action of some gases and vapours on the red blood corpuscles, 142 - - on the existence of haemoglobin in the muscular tissue and its relation to muscular activity, 1871, 140 — — — on the foundation of zoological stations, 1872, 47 ; 1873, 408 - *on a peach-coloured Bacterium , 1873, 1 16; *embryological observations bearing on the genealogy of the Mol- lusca, ib. ; on the structure of the egg, and the early development of the cephalopod Loligo, 13 1 * - - on English nomenclature in sa'S- tematic biology, 1874, 137; *on the genealogical import of the internal shell of Mollusca, ib. ; *on the develop¬ ment of the eye of the Cephalopoda, 142 - — on the zoological station at Naples, 1875, 18; 1877,228; 1878, 149; 1879, 165 ; 1880, 161 ; 1881, 178 ; 1882, 288: 1883, 234 ; 1 884, 252 ; 1885, 466 ; 1886, 254; 1887, 77; 1888, 150; 1889, 95; 1890, 449 * - on a case of disputed identity, Jlaliphysema, 1879, 372 GENERAL INDEX. 239 Lankester (E. Kay) on the Scottish zoological station, 1881, 177 ; 1882, 282 ; 1883, 233 - Address to the Biological Section, 1883, 512 ; on a young specimen of the grey seal (H. gryphus ) from Boscastle, Cornwall, 529 ; *on green oysters, 540; *new British riverworms, 541 ; *the king crab and the scorpion, ih. - - on the Reparation of a bibliography of certain groups of invertebrata, 188-4, 270 - on the physiology of the lymphatic system, 1887, 145 ; 1888, 363 ; 1889, 128 * - on the vascular system and colour of arthropods and molluscs, 1887, 736 - on the researches on food fishes at the St. Andrews marine laboratory , 1888, 141 - on arrangements for assisting the Marine Biological Association labora¬ tory at Plymouth , 1887, 59; 1888, 94; 1890, 444 - on the development of the oviduct and connected structures in certain fresh¬ water Teleostei, 1888, 338 ; 1889, 952 - and H. N. Moseley on the nomen¬ clature of mammalian teeth and the teeth of the mole, 18G8, 1 1 7 fLANNOY de Bissy (Major R. de), recent French explorations in the Ogowai- Congo region, 1886, 736 Lansdell (Rev. H.) on a journey through Siberia, via the Amur and the Ussuri, 1880, 656 • - a journey in Russian Central Asia, including Kulja, Bokhara, and Khiva, 1883, 592 ‘ Lansdown encrinite ’ ( Miller icrinus Prattii, Gray, sp.), the characters of the, P. H. Carpenter on, 1881, 635 Lantern for lecture demonstrations with electric light, W. Ladd on an improved, 1870, 26 - a new form of oxyhydrogen, for the use of lecturers, C. J. Woodward on, 1873, 52 - the use of the, in class-room work, Profs. A. Barr and W. Stroud on, 1890, 727 *Laos States, the, and Cambodia, by H. Mouliot, 1862, 196 *Lapham (J. A.), some facts respecting the great lakes of North America, 1863, 140 ^Laplace’s discussion of the figure of the earth and precession and nutation, Prof. A. H. Curtis on certain theorems of, 1865, 6 — — equation in finite terms, the integral of, Rev. S. Earnshaw od, 1880, 486 f - differential equation of the tides, general integration of, Sir W. Thomson on, 1875, 23 ^Laplace’s process for determining an arbitrary constant in the integration of his differential equation for the semi¬ diurnal tide, Sir W. Thomson on, 1875, 23 * - theory of tides, some effects of, Sir W. Thomson on, 1875, 23 * - tidal equation for certain special types of oscillation, solutions of, by Sir W. Thomson, 1877, 43 *Laplanders and people of the North of Europe, H. v. H. v. d. Horck on the, 1876, 166 *La Plata, W. Perkins on an exploration of the Grand Chaco in, 1867, 127 Lapps, Dr. R. King on the, 1871, 153 - the mountain, Lieut. G. T. Temple on, 1880, 631 Lapraik (W.) and W. J. Russell on the absorption spectra of uranium salts, 1886, 576 Lapworth (C.) *on the discover}7 of upper Silurian rocks in Roxburgh and Dumfriesshire, 1870, 78 - on the Graptolites of the Gala group, 1871, 104 - [Prof. C.], the Highland controversy in British Geology : its causes, course, and consequences, 1885, 1025 - on the geology of the Birmingham district, 1886, 621 ; the Cambrian rocks of the Midlands, 622 ; the Ordovician rocks of Shropshire, 66 1 - and James Wilson on the Silurian rocks of the counties of Roxburgh and Selkirk, 1871, 103 - and Prof. H. A. Nicholson on the central group of the Silurian series of the North of England, 1875, 78 Larch, common, John Hogg on proliferous cones of the, 1863, 95 Laridge (gulls and terns), the geographi¬ cal distribution of the, with special reference to Canadian species, H. Saun¬ ders on, 1884, 771 Larkin (H.) on a magnesium lamp, 1866, 4° Larmor (A.), transformations in the geo¬ metry of circles, 1887, 607 - (Prof. J.), molecular distances in galvanic polarisation, 1885, 900 - [J.] on electrolysis in its physical and chemical bearings, 1886, 30S ; 1887, 336 ; 1888, 339 ; 1889, 223 ; 1890, 138 - — - on the desirability of introducing a uniform nomenclature for the funda¬ mental units of mechanics , 1888, 27 - on the physical character of caustic surfaces, 1890, 742 Larmuth (L.) on the poisonous activity of vanadium in ortho-, meta-, and pyro- vanadic acids, 1876, 155 - and Prof. Gamgee on the action of 240 GENERAL INDEX. vanadium upon the intrinsic nervous mechanism of the frog’s heart, 1876, 151 Larmutii (L.), Prof. Gamgee, and J. Priestley on the action of pyrophos- phoric acid on the circulation, 1876, 152 Larva, H. T. Stainton on a new leaf mining, recently discovered, 1861, 159 Larvae of Microlepidoptera, H. T. Stainton on the generic characters furnished by the different modes of mining leaves adopted by the, 1863, 106 Laryngoscope, Dr. George D. Gibb on the normal position of the epiglottis as determined by the, 1862, 128 Larynx of the negro and that of the white man, Dr. G. D. Gibb on the dif¬ ference between the, 1864, 94 - ■ Sir G. D. Gibb on some abnormalities of the, 1871, 139 Lasaulx (Dr. von) on some new minerals, and on doubly-refracting garnets, 187 6, 92 Lassell (William) on a brilliant elliptic ring in the planetary nebula, At20°56', NP.D. 101° 56', 1862, 14 Lastrea rigida, George Maw on the oc¬ currence of, in North Wales, 1868, 105 '•'■Latent heat of gases, J. Dewar on the, 1874, 22 * — * — heat of liquefied gases, J. Dewar on the, 1874, 57 Latham (Baldwin) on the importance of hydrogeological surveys from a sanitary point of view, 1876, 226 - on the interception of rainfall from sewers, 1877, 207; on indications of the movement of subterranean water in the Chalk formation, ib. - experiments on the influence of the angle of the lip of rain-gauges on the quantity of water collected, 1879, 278; on the temperature of town water sup¬ plies, 499 ; 1880, 696 - on the influence of barometric pres¬ sure on the discharge of water from springs, 1881, 614; 1883, 495 - proportional mortality, 1886, 780 ; automatic pumping of sewage by high- pressure water, 810 - (Dr. R. G.), Yassin and the Ivajunah district, 1883, 566 ; on the words ‘ Celt,’ ‘ German,’ and ‘ Slavonian,’ their mis¬ interpretation and its results, 567 *Lathes, heavy, A. Greenwood on, 1890, 959 Laticiferous canals in fruit of Limno- charis Plumieri, Prof. A. Dickson on, 1876, 144 La Touche (Rev. J. D.) on the nodules in the limestone of Wenlock Edge, 1865, 76 _ an ( stimate of the quantity of sedimentary deposit in the Onny, 1869, 93 ; on spheroidal structure in Silurian rocks, 95 La Touche (Rev. J. D.) on the sedimentary deposits of the river Onny , 1870, 11 — — on the sounds known as the * Barisfil Guns,’ occurring in the Gangetic delta, 1890, 800 *Lauder (G.) on frictional screw mo¬ tions, 1870, 219 Laughton fj. K.) on the great currents of the atmosphere, 1870, 170 - — — on Mr. E. J. Lome's project of esta¬ blishing a meteorological observatory, near Chepstow, 1884, 33; 1885, 64: 1886, 139; 1887,39 Laurentian amphibolites, notes on the microscopic characters of some, by F. D. Adams, 1884, 717 * - rocks in Canada, Sir W. Logan. Dr. Dawson, and Dr. Sterry Hunt on organic remains in, 1864, 58 - rocks in Ireland, G. H. Kinaban on the, 1881, 609 - beds of Donegal and of other parts of Ireland, Prof. E. Hull on the, 1881, 609 — — rocks, Irish and other, C. Moore on life in, 1881, 610 - rocks of North Uist, Scotland, J. Thomson on a conglomerate with boulders in the, 1883, 498 Laurie (A. P.), the composition of copper-tin alloys. 1888, 637 - on artists’ colours, 1889, 541 - (Maj.-Gen.) on the agricultural resources of Nova Scotia, 1884, 849 Laurium (Greece), some ores and mine¬ rals from, H. Stopes on, 1881, 650 Lava, G. vom Rath on leucite, 1872, 79 ; on a remarkable block of, ejected by Vesuvius at the great eruption, April 1872, which proves the formation of silicates through sublimation, 120 Lavas, the natural history of, as illus¬ trated by the materials ejected from. Krakatoa, Prof. J. W. Judd on, 1887, 711 Lavatera sylvestris, Brot., the recent oc¬ currence of, in the Scilly Islands, H. Trimen on, 1877, 106 Laveleye (E. de) on land laws, 1884, S62 Lavender (R.) on a new form of lamp, 1876, 229 Laverna, H. T. Stainton on the extra¬ ordinary partiality shown by insects of the genus, for plants of the order Onagracere, 1865, 93 Lavoisier (M.), Letters from, to Dr. Black, 1871, 189 Law, courts of, report of committee on technical and scientific evidence in, 1862,373; I860, 456 * - of facility, a modification of the. D. M'Alister on, 1879, 267 GENERAL INDEX. 241 Law (H.) on the discharge of sewage in tidal rivers, 1878, 695 - — — (R.) and J. Horsfall, an account of small Hint instruments found be¬ neath peat on the Pennine chain, 1884, 924 - and J. Horsfall on the discovery of Carboniferous fossils in a conglo¬ merate at Houghton Fell, near Settle, Yorkshire, 1887, 690 La WES (J. B.) on some points in connec¬ tion with the exhaustion of soils, 1861, 84 - on the effects of different manures on the mixed herbage of grass land, 1862, 191 - on the accumulation of the nitrogen of manure in the soil, 1866, 40 ; on the sources of the fat of the animal body, 41, *92 - and Dr. Gilbert on the composition of wheat grown for twenty years in succession on the same land, 1867, 36 - [Sir J. B.] and Dr. J. H. Gilbert on some points in the composition of soils, with results illustrating the sources of fertility of Manitoba prairie soils, 1884, 686 - and Prof. J. H. Gilbert on the present aspect of the question of the sources of the nitrogen of vegetation, 1887, 660 - (Rev. W. G.), three ymars in South¬ east New Guinea, 1880, 658 Lawrence (Rev. F.) on the survey of Eastern Palestine , 1882, 296; 1883, 308; 1884, 272 ; 1885, 691 - (H. N.) and Dr. A. Harries, alter¬ nating versus continuous currents in relation to the human body, 1890, 95 7 Laws (E.) on the proposed exploration of certain caves in the neighbourhood of Tenby, 1877, 118 ; see 1878, 209 - (J. P.) and F. Gotch on the blood of Limulus polyphemus, 1884, 774 - (Dr. R.), notes on some of the Bantu tribes living round Lake Nyassa in Eastern Central Africa, 1885, 1227 * Laws of Thought,’ Boole’s, R. Leslie Ellis on, 1870, 12 - Rev. R. Harley on, 1870, 14 ^Lawson (Prof. G.), notes of the ana¬ lyses of gold coins of Columbia, New Granada, Chili, and Bolivia; with some account of the operations of gold-mining in Nova Scotia, 1867, 37 - on food-plants used by the North- American Indians, 1884, 918 - (Prof. M. A.) on the flora of Skye, 1868, 103 ; on the discovery of Bux- haumia aphylla near London, 104 - on physiological experimentation, 1871, 144 Lawson (Prof. M. A.) on some speci¬ mens of Tortula inelinata, 1872, 129 * - on plants collected by the voyager Dampier, 1873, 105 ; *on a course of practical instruction in botany, ib. * - on structural peculiarities of the Ampelidese, 1874, 134 - notes on liibes spicatum, 1870, 120 * - on a spore-producing Glceocapsa , from the great conservatory at Chats- worth, 1879, 377 - Address to the Department of Zoology and Botany, 1882, 580 - - (Inspector-General) on the work of the Anthropometric Committee , 1878, 152 ; 1883, 253 - on the testing of eyesight, 1881, 261 ’’"'Lawyer’s marine pocket case, Captain B. Pirn on the, 1881, 781 Layard (Miss N. F.) on reversion, 1890, 973 Laycock (Dr. T.) on the antagonism be - tween the action of active substances, 1872, 124 Lea, valley of the river, H. Woodward on the fresh-water deposits of the, 1869, 103 *Lea (A. S.) on the alkaline fermentation of urine, 1880, 644 - (Archdeacon W.), the results of an experiment in fruit farming, 1886, 757 Leach (Lieut. -Colonel) on the treatment and utilisation of sewage , 1871, 166 ; 1872, 135 Lead, action of dilute saline solutions upon, M. M. P. Muir on the, 1876, 66 * - the action of water on, A. H. Allen on, 1885, 993 - and antimony, Thomas Richardson on the separation of, 1863, 52 * - bromide of, Dr. G. D. Gibb on the action of the, 1864, 123 - and copper, Dr. T. L. Phipson on the solubility of, in pure and impure water, 1869, 73 - chloride, the electrical properties of beeswax and, Profs. J. Perry and W. E. Ayrton on, 1878, 497 - copper, tin, zinc, and other metals, the alloys of, with manganese, J. F. Allen on, 1870, 50 * - desilverising by the zinc process, J. E. Stoddart on, 1 876, 69 - estimation of, T. Fairley on a pro¬ posed process for the, 1875, 42 - formiate of, W. J. Hurst on the sulphur compound formed by the ac¬ tion of sulphuretted hydrogen on, 1861, 82 - fume, A. French on, with a descrip¬ tion of a new process of fume-con¬ densing, 1879, 301 - impurities contained in, and their R 242 GENERAL INDEX. influence in its technical uses, W. Baker on the, 1863, 32 Lead, impurities in, Dr. Zenner on, 1863, 58 - - nickel in metallic, Dr. A. T. Mac- hattie on the presence of, 1861, 34 . - -ores, W. Molyneux on the occur¬ rence of copper- and, in the Bunter conglomerates of Cannock Chase, 1872, 1 16 - oxide, the volatilisation of, and its action upon glass at low temperatures, T. W. Hogg on, 1889, 534 - - and platinised lead as a substitute for carbon and platinised silver in Leclanche’s, bichromate, and Smee’s batteries, E. T. Hardman on, 1878, 453 - -poisoning in water, A. Gordon on the prevention of, 1870, 60 - - manufacture of in the northern dis¬ trict, report by T. Sop w ith and T. Richardson on the, 1863, 715 - produce of, in the years 1845-62 inclusive, in the counties of Cumberland, Durham, and Northumberland, 1863, 722 * - sulphide of, Dr. D. S. Price on the action of light upon, and its bearing upon the preservation of paintings in picture galleries, 1865, 34 - veins of Allenheads, and other lead- veins of Yorkshire, Charles Moore on the organic contents of the, 1863, 83 - white, a new, J. B. Hannay on, 1889, 546 * - white, Peter Spence on a new process in the manufacture of, 1866, 44 Leaf-arrangement, note by Dr. H. Airy on variation of, 1874, 128 * - forms, &c., from Alum Bay, Isle of Wight, W. S. Mitchell on hitherto unrecorded, 1865, 68 - bed of Alum Bay, report on the, 1866, 146 - -mining larva, H. T. Stainton on a new, 1861, 139; 1863, 106 - -organs of the flower, Dr. A. Dickson on some of the principal modifications of the receptacle, and their relation to the ‘ insertion ’ of the, 1868, 94 - -wearing tribe on the western coast of India, M. J. Walhouse on a, 1874, 159 Leaked (Dr. A.) on a journey to Fez and Mequinez, 1878, 631 Learned societies, Prof. Leone Levi on the progress of, illustrative of the ad¬ vancement of science in the United Kingdom during the last thirty years, 1868, 169, 196 ^Learning and teaching, Joseph Payne on the relation between, 1868, 175 Leasehold enfranchisement, C. Harrison on, 1888, 770 ^Leather manufacture of Dundee, Frank Henderson on the, 1867, 140 - sole-, the manufacture of, in Bristol. S. Evans on, 1875, 41 * - on the tanning of, in Bristol, 1875, 209 Leathern and wooden objects, some curious, from Tullyreagh bog, co. Antrim, W. J. Knowles on, 1879, 395 Leaves, autumnal fall of, preliminary notes on the, by Prof. W. Hillhouse, 1886, 700 - curvature of the margins of, with reference to their growth, W. Esson on the, 1862, 3 - - - pinnate and palmate, Maxwell T. Masters on the relation between, 1861, 148 - - - Dr. Maxwell T. Masters on certain influences regulating the forms of, 1863, 97 Leavitt (E. D. jun.) on pumping ma¬ chinery, 1884, 889 Lebanon, Bev. H. B. Tristram on a bone- breccia with flints in, 1864, 72 Lebour (G. A.) on the denudation of Western Brittany, 1869, 95 ; on some granites of Lower Brittany, 96 * - on the geological distribution of goitre in England, 1872, 1 1 5 - on the geological aspects of the re¬ sults of experiments to determine' the thermal conductivities of certain rocks, 1874, 131; 1875, 54; 1876, 19; 1877, 90; 1878, 133; 1879, 58; 1881, 126 . - on the limits of the Yoredale series in the North of England, 1875, 74 - on underground temperature, 1876. 204; 1877, 194; 1878, 178; 1879, 40: 1880, 26; 1881, 90; 1882, 72; 1883, 45 ; 1885, 93 ; 1889, 35 - - on the changes affecting the southern extension of the lowest Car¬ boniferous rocks, 1876, 93 — — - on the occurrence of pebbles in Carboniferous shale in Westmoreland, 1877, 72 ; note on the age of the Cheviot rocks, ib. - on the discovery of marine shells in the Gannister beds of Northumberland, 1878, 539 - on ‘ culm ’ and ‘ kulm,’ 1S79, 352 - on the ‘ Geological Record,' 1880, 87 - on the circulation of underground waters, 1878, 382 ; 1879, 155 ; 18S0, 87; 1881, 309 ; 1882, 213 ; 1883, 147 ; 1884. 96; 1885,38o; 1886, 235; 1887, 35S; 1889, 71 ; 1890, 352 - on some recent earthquakes on the Durham coast, and their probable cause, 1885, 1013 - on the stratigraphical position of the salt-measures of South Durham, 1886, 673 GENERAL INDEX 243 Lebour (G. A.) on thinolite and jarrow- ite, 1887, 700 - on the advisability and possibility of establishing in other parts of the country observations upon the preva¬ lence of earth tremors similar to those now being made in Durham, 1888, 522 * - and J. Marley, sketch of the rise and progress of the Cleveland and South Durham salt industry, and on the extension of the Durham coal¬ field, 1889, 580 - — — and W. Topley on the Whin Sill of Northumberland, 1873, 92 ; and Prof. Herschel on some experiments on the conducting-powers for heat of certain rocks, with remarks on the geological aspects of the investigation, 223 - and W. Mundle on the Tertiary coal-field of Southern Chile, 1870, 78 Leckenby (J.) on a three-weeks’ dredg¬ ing-cruise off Scarborough, 1863, 105 - on the Boulder-Clay and Drift of Scarborough and East Yorkshire, 1864, 58 Leclanche’s cells, comparison of, with Gassner’s dry cells, by W. L. Carpenter, 1888, 566 .'•"‘Lecture-table, the new, for physical demonstration in the Royal College of Science for Ireland, diagrams and de¬ scription of, by Prof. Barrett, 1876, 48 *Lee (G. V.) on the human voice as a musical instrument, 1872, 58 - (Dr. J.), report on the uniformity of weights and measures , 1863, 102 - - on the lunar * Mare Smythii,’ the walled plain ‘ Rosse,’ the ‘ Percy Moun¬ tains,’ and the newly-named craters, ‘Phillips,’ ‘ Wrottesley,’ * Chevallier,’ and ‘Piazzi Smyth,’ 1863, 7 - on an extensive lunar plain near the Montes Hercynii, which it is pro¬ posed to name Otto Struve, 1864, 6 - on mapping the surface of the moon, I860, 286 ; on a uniformity of weights and measures , 375 - on the rainfall in the British Isles, 1866, 281 - (John) on the manufacture of the prussiate of potash, 1863, 51 - (J. E.) notice of remarkable glacial striae latelv exposed at Portmadoc, 1869, 95 - notice of veins or fissures in the Keuper, filled with Rhsetic bone-bed, at Goldcliffe in Monmouthshire, 1872, 116 - on the exploration of Kent's Cavern, 1874, 1 ; 1875, 1 ; 1876, 1 ; 1877, 1 ; 1878,124; 1879, 140; 1880,62 - on the erratic blocks of England and Wales, 1874, 192; 1875,82; 1876, no ; 1877, 81; 1878, 185; 1879,135; 1880, no; 1881,204; 1882, 243; 1883,136; 1884,219; 1885, 322; 1886,223 Lee (J. E.) on the occurrence of a fish allied to the Coccosteus in a bed of Devonian limestone near Chudleigh, 1879, 332 ; on fossils found in a bed of Devonian rocks at Saltern Cove, in Torbay, and in a quarry of the Old Red Sandstone, near Caeiieon, in Mon¬ mouthshire, ib. - (R.) on the extinction of races, 1863, 140 Leech, the muscular tissue of the, T. W. Shore, jun. on the structure of, 1882, 577 Leeds (Dr. A. R.) on the bibliography of solution, 1887,57; 1888, 54; 1889, 53; 1890, 310 Lees (C. H.), W. W. H. Gee, and H. Holden, experiments on electrolysis and electrolytic polarisation, 1887, 589 Lefevbe (J. G. Shaw) on the work of the Anthropometric Committee , 1878, 152 - on the possibility of establishing Oj close time for the protection of indi¬ genous animals, 1879, 165 ; 1880, 257 ; Address to the Section of Economic Science and Statistics, 1879, 479 Lefroy (Lieut.-Gen. Sir J. H.), Address to the Geographical Section, 1880, 646 ; 1884, 787 ; *a communication on Mr. Joseph Thomson’s recent exploration in Eastern Africa, 802 ; a communica¬ tion from Sir John Kirk on Mr. H. Johnston’s Kilima-njaro expedition, ib. — - on the exploration of New Guinea, 1885, 690; on the scientific examination of the country in the vicinity of Mount Boraima in Guiana , ib. - on comparing and reducing magnetic observations, 1885, 65,71, 84; 1886,64, 69; 1887, 320, 333; 1888, 28; 1889, 49 ; 1890, 172 - on the North-western tribes of the Dominion of Canada, 1885, 696 ; 1886, 285 ; 1887, 173 ; 1888, 233 ; 1889, 797 ; 1890, 553 - *on the depth of the permanently frozen stratum of soil in British North America, 1885, 1136 - on differential gravity meter, 18S6, 141 ; 1887, 41 ; 1888, 72 - on the depth of the permanently frozen soil in the Polar regions, 1886, 271 ; 1887, 152 - on the combination of the Ordnance and Admiralty surveys, and the pro¬ duction of a bathy-hypsographical map of the British Isles, 1886, 277; 1887, 160 - and G. M. Whipple, preliminary list of magnetic observatories, 1887, 327 R 2 “ 244 GENERAL INDEX. *Left-handness, Dr. P. H. Smith on, 1870, 143 - Dr. H. Muirhead on, 1878, 582 Left-leggedness, VV. K. Sibley on, 1889, 776 Legendre's scale for calculating the first elliptic integral, Prof. F. W. Newman on the use of. 1876, 28 Legge (Capt. W. Y.) on the ‘ drumming’ of the snipe, 1880, 604 Legislation for England and Ireland, H. L. Jephson on the desirability of simultaneous and identical, 1878, 673 * - on the extinction of animals, Eev. H. B. Tristram on the effect of, 1869, 118 Legislative protection to the birds of Europe, C. 0. Groom-Napier on, 1875, 217 Legitimacy, questioned, G. Seton on certain cases of, under the Scottish Registration Act, 1871, 217 Leh, in Cashmere, explorations from, to Khotan in Chinese Tartary, by W. H. Johnson, 1866, m Leichhardt, Dr. F. Muller on McIntyre’s journey across Australia, and discovery of traces of, 1865, 124 - Sir R. I. Murchison on the reported discovery of the remains of, in Austra¬ lia, 1866, 1 14 *Leitner (Prof.) on papers from Lahore, 1866, 96 * - [Dr.] on an ethnological and lingu¬ istic tour of discovery in Dardistan, &c., 1875, 176 *Le Marinel (Lieut.), the Congo below Stanley Pool, 1887, 798 Le Mesurier (Col.) on the erosion of the coast at Sheerness, 1885, 441 *Lemna arrhiza, W. Moggridge on the occurrence of, in Epping Forest, 1866, 76 Lemoine (G.) on the relation of forests to hydrology, 1872, 210 Lemstrom’s recent auroral experiments in Lapland, J. R. Capron on, 1883, 439 Lendenfeld (Dr. R. Yon), notes on Australian coelenterates, 1886, 709 ; on the nervous system of sponges, 710; on the function of nettle-cells, ib. Lendy (Captain) on the topograph, a new surveying instrument, 1865, 21 Lenk (Baron), information on the appli¬ cation and manufacture of gun cotton, 1863, 25 ; extracts from a report on his gun-cotton, 33 | Lens, accuracy of focus necessary for sensibly perfect definition in a, Lord Rayleigh on the, 1885, 930 - cylindrical, Dr. T. Anderson on a varying, 1886, 520 - panoramic, Thomas Sutton on the, I86G33 Lenses, ellipsoidal, Rev. Thomas Furlong on the possibility of constructing, 1864, 5 - for the accurate correction of visual defect, Philip Braham on a set of, 1871, 37 *Lentil as an article of food, C. G. Mon- teith on the, 1864, 125 Lepidodendron and Lepidophloios , W. Cash and J. Lomax on, 1890, 810 Lcpidogaster bimaculatus and L. cornu- biensis, W. R. Hughes on specimens of, 1865, 87 Lepidophloios and Lepidodendron , W. Cash and J. Lomax on, 1890, 810 *Lepidoptera, British, Dr. Jordan on the, with a view to investigate the origin of species, 1865, 89 * - Irish, recent additions to the list of, R. H. Sinclair on, 1878, 572 - of Great Britain, the relation of, to those of other countries, Capt. H. J. Elwes on, 1880, 604 - E. Bircball on some hybrid Sphin- gidse and other, 1870, hi Lepidopterous pupm, artificial production of a gilded appearance in certain, E.B. Poulton on the, 1886, 692 Lepidosteus, the development of, F. M. Balfour and W. N. Parker on, 1880, 599 Lepper (C. H.), the question of an over¬ land route to China from India via Assam, with some remarks on the source of the Irrawaddi river, 1882, 612 Leprosy, H. J. Ker Porter on the preva¬ lence of, in the kingdom of Norway, 1867, 144 Leptodora hyalina , the occurrence of, in England, Sir J. Lubbock on, 1879, 369 ♦Lesley (J. P.) on the Coal-Measures of Sydney, Cape Breton, 1863, 82 Leslie (B.), project for a Channel rail¬ way, 1880, 698 - (Lieut.-* olonel Forbes) on mega- lithic circles, 1871, 154; on ancient hieroglyphic sculptures, 155 — — - (J.), description of a salmon-ladder, 1871, 239 Lesma^agow, Dr. J. Brown on the Upper Silurian rocks of the Pentland Hills and, 1871, 93 * - Dr. R. slimonon the Upper Silurian rocks of, 1876, 96 + Lesseps (F. de) on the Panama canal, 1886, 736 f - le canal la Panama, 1888. 738 Lessor Antilles, botanical bibliography of the, by W H. Hemsley, 1888, 438 - zoological bibliography of the, by D. Sharp, 1888, 438 ♦Letts (A. C.) on two new hydro¬ carbons from turpentine, 1876, 65 GENERAL INDEX 245 Letts (Dr. E. A.) on the thetines, 1878, 5ii f - - and Prof. Crum Brown on methyl- thetine, 1874, 56 Leucite, the crystallographic system of, hitherto supposed to be regular, is quadratic, by G. vom Rath, 1872, 79 - the occurrence of, at Etna, Dr. H. J. Johnston- Lavis on, 1888, 669 Levant, the islands in the, Dr. J. S. Phene on, 1878, 634 Level of land and sea, H. H Howorth on recent changes of, 1872, 210 _ recent changes of, on the Mediterra¬ nean coast, G. Maw on the evidences of, 1870, 79 _ of the sea off the south coast of England, R. G. M. Browne on certain alterations in the surface, 1890, 824 - of the water in Lake George, New South Wales, H. A. Russell on some variations in the, 1887, 597 Levelling operations of the Great Trigo¬ nometrical Survey of India, account of the, by Major A. W. Baird, 1885, *911, 1123 Levels run from the Mediterranean to the Sea of Galilee, the line of, Lieut. Kitchener on, 1877, 146 Levi (Dr. Leone), report on the uni¬ formity of weights and measures, 1863, 102; 1865,375; 1866, 352; 1867,468; 1868,484; 1869,308; 1870,232; 1871, 198; 1872,25; 1874, 359 - - [Prof. Leone] on the economical administration of the navy, 1864, 169 ; on the number and occupation of foreigners in England, ih. - on statistical data in relation to the representation of the people, 1865, 162 - on the proposed exhibition of weights, measures, and coins at the Universal Exhibition in Paris, 1867, 1866, 363 * - on the state and prospects of the rate of discount with reference to the recent monetary crisis, 1866, 131 - on the condition and progress of Scotland in relation to England and Ireland, 1867, 140 - on the progress of Learned Societies, illustrative of the advancement of science in the United Kingdom during the last thirty years, 1868, 169, 196 ; on the present state of the question of international coinage, 173 - on the economic condition of the agricultural labourer in England, 1869, 226 ; *on agricultural economics and wages, 195 * - on the effect of the increase of prices of certain necessaries of life on the cost of living, and its relation to the rates of wages and salaries, 1873, 196 Levi [Prof. Leone] on combinations of capital and labour, 1874, 266 ; 1875, 146 - on a common measure of value in direct taxation, 1876, 27 ; 1878, 220 - on the work of the Anthropometric Committee, 1876,266; 1877, 231 ; 1878, 152; 1879, 175; 1880, 120; 1881, 225 - on the work of the Committee for carrying out the recommendations of the Anthropometric Committee of 1880, 1882, 278; 1883, 253 - on the Scientific Societies in relation to the advancement of science in the United Kingdom, 1879, 458; on the savings of the people as evidenced by the returns of the Trustees’ and Post Office savings banks, 492 - on the present appropr iation of wages and sources of income, 1880, 318 ; 1881, 272; 1882, 297 - the state of crime in England, Scot¬ land, and Ireland in 1880, 1882, 375 - recent changes in the distribution of wealth in relation to the incomes of the labouring classes, 1883, 353 * - on free libraries, 1883, 605 - on the alleged depression of trade, 1885, 1155 * - the economic policy of the United States, 1887, 829 Levick (T.) on machinery for compress¬ ing air, and the applicability of such compressed air for working coal- cutting and other underground ma¬ chinery, 1865, 185 Lewin (Lieut.-Col. T. H.) on the trade routes from Bengal to Tibet, 1879, 432 Lewis (A. L.) on the builders and the purposes of megalithic monuments, 1869, 137 - on the builders of the megalithic monuments of Britain, 1870, 153 * - on the pretended identification of the English nation with the ‘ Lost House of Israel,’ 1872, 190 — — on the Devil’s Arrows (Yorkshire), 1877, 1 18 - on the evils arising from the use of historical national names as scientific terms, 1878, 583 - on the relation of stone circles to outlying stones or tumuli or neighbour¬ ing hills, with some inferences there¬ from, 1881, 697 - on three stone circles in Cumber¬ land, with some further observations on the relation of stone circles to adjacent hills and outlying stones, 1885, 1220 - (Prof. H. C.) on marginal Karnes, 1884, 720 - on the direction of glaciation as ascertained by the form of the strife, 1885, 1019; on some examples of 246 GENERAL INDEX. pressure-fluxion in Pennsylvania, 1885, 1029 Lewis (Prof. H. C.) comparative studies upon the glaciation of North America, Great Britain, and Ireland, 1886, 632 ; on a diamantiferous peridotite and the genesis of the diamond, 667 - on the terminal moraines of the great glaciers of England, 1887, 691 ; on some important extra-morainic lakes in Central England, North America, and elsewhere, during the period of maximum glaciation, and on the origin of extra-morainic boulder-clay, 692 ; on the matrix of the diamond, 720 ; on the terminal moraine near Manchester, 724 - (J.) on an improved marine steam- boiler, 1867, 155 - (Dr. W.) on the work of the Anthro¬ pometric Committee , 1878, 152 * - (W. A.), a proposal for a modifica¬ tion of the strict law of priority in zoological nomenclature in certain cases, 1871, 133 Lewkowitsch (Dr. J.), contributions to the analysis of fats, 1890, 787 *Leyden jars with multiple fracture, ex¬ hibition of, by J. T. Bottomley and Sir A. Campbell, 1889, 515 - -jar discharges, the impedance of conductors to, Prof. 0. J. Lodge on, 1888, 5 67 L’Heureux (J.), notes on the astrono¬ mical customs and religious ideas of the Cliokitapia or Blackfeet Indians, 1884, 921 ; notes on the Kekip sesoa- tors or ancient sacrificial stone of the N.W. territory of Canada, ib. Lias at Barrow-on-Soar, Rev. P. B. Brodie on the correlation of the, with the same strata in Warwick-, Worcester-, and Gloucester- shires, 1866, 51 * - a census of the marine invertebrate fauna of the, by Ralph Tate, 1870, 88 - of Dorsetshire, Dr. T. Wright on the White, 1864, 75 - at Harbury, near Leamington, Rev. P. B. Brodie on a section of Lower, 1865, 48 * - Lincolnshire, Lower, F. M. Burton on the, 1867, 57 - . Middle, at Ballycastle, G. Langtry on the occurrence of the, 1874, 88 * - of Lyme Regis, E. C. H. Day on the Lower, 1865, 51 - - C. Moore on the presence of naked Echinodermata in the Inferior Oolite and, 1872, 117 - of Somersetshire, Henry B. Brady on the Foraminifera of the Middle and Upper, 1864, 50 - South Warwickshire, Rev. P. Brodie on two outliers of, 1864, 52 Lias, Upper, C. Moore on a specimen of Teleosanrus from the, 1869, 97 - of Warwickshire, Rev. P. B. Brodie on two new species of corals in the, 1865, 49 - near Whitby, Yorkshire, Dr. A. Carte and W. H. Baily on a new species of Plesiosaurus from the, 1862, 68 - Yorkshire, Rev. J. F. Blake on the, and the distribution of its Ammonites, 1871, 90 *Liassic sea, E. C. H. Day on the history of the Jurassic seas, as evidenced by the history of the first, 1865, 51 - sections near Bridport, Dorset, J. F. Walker on, 1890, 799 *Libbey (Prof.) on South-eastern Alaska, 1887, 804 ^Libraries, free public, Miss Stamp on statistics of, 1875, 220 - free public, James Hey wood on statistics of the, Nothing Hill, London, and Manchester, 1881, 769 ; 1883, 604 Licences proposed to be transferred in aid of local expenditure, R. H. Inglis Palgrave on the distribution of, 1888, 764 Lichen, the action of a, on limestone, Prof. W. J. Sollas on, 1880, 586 Lichen-growth, is it detrimental to forest and fruit-trees ? by Dr. W. L. Lindsay, 1867, 87 - to what extent is it a test of age ? by Dr. W. L. Lindsay, 1867, 88 Lichens, Dr. W. Lauder Lindsay on the present uses of, as dye-stuffs, 1867, 38 ; on polymorphism in the fructification of, 89 Lick Observatory, California, design for working the equatorial and dome of, by hydraulic power, by H. Grubb, 1886, 553 Liddell (A. R.), ships for the carriage of petroleum, 1889, 738 Lidston (T.) on Thomas Newcomen’s steam-engine (1712), 1877, 217 ^Liebig's extract of meat, Dr. Edward Smith on the economic and nutritive value of, 1872, 227 *Life, Dr. Lionel S. Beale on, 1865, 101 * - annuities, explanations of Mr. MUlintock’s method of finding the value of, by means of the gamma function, byT. B. Sprague, 1874, 19 - bearings of ‘ the conservation of force’ on, P. Hallett on the, 1875, 169 * - cycles of organisms represented diagrammatical^ and comparatively, D. McAlpine on, 1886, 708 - - on the earth in Archrean time, a re¬ view of the alleged evidence of, by Rev. A. Irving, 1888, 679 * - European, Dr. F. J. Mouat on the value of, in India, 1S75, 217 GENERAL INDEX. 247 Life, expectation of, Charles M. Willich on, 1863, 178 - germ, F. Crace-Calvert on the action of heat on, 1871, 122 - initial, C. S. Wake on, 1869, 15 1 - insurance and recruiting , a scale of physical proportions for , by C. Roberts , 1884, 282 * - on a meteoric stone falling on the earth, Sir W. Thomson on the possi¬ bility of, 1877, 43 * - and mind, R. Dunn on the pheno¬ mena of, 1867, 101 * - origin of, Dr. Bastian on some new experiments relating to the, 1871, 122 * - origin of, nature, &c., P. Melville on the, 1867, 102 — — physical conditions of, C. Koberts on a classification of the, 1879, 381 - preservation and prolongation of, to 100 years, Dr. P. Smith on the, 1885, 1079 - protoplasmic, F. Crace-Calvert on, 1871, 123 * - saving, from buildings which may be on fire, G. B. Galloway on the means of, 1865, 150 Lifeboat, construction of the, Prof. Mac¬ donald on the, 1867, 155 - a hydraulic steam, G. F. Green on, 1890, 947 Lifeboats, covered, George Maw on, 1867, 156 * - improvements in, J. T. Morris on, 1887, 882 - packing of, G. Fawcus on improve¬ ments in the, 1868, 189 * - for ships and steamers, G. B. Gal¬ loway on, 1864, 186 Life-history of the simplest organisms, researches on the, by the Rev. W. IT. Dallinger, 1877, hi ^Life-tables by the Swedish calculating- machine, Dr. W. Farr on, 1864, 165 Lift-bridge, a new, for the Midland Great Western Railway, over the Royal Canal at Newcomen Bridge, Dublin, descrip¬ tion of, by B. B. Stoney, 1878, 697 Lifts, warehouse. T. Dobson on improved mine-hoists and, 1876, 222 Light, action of, on combustion, C. Tom¬ linson on the supposed, 1869, 78 - action of, upon the diazo- compounds of primuline and dehydrothiotoluidine, A. G. Green, C. F. Cross, and A. J. Bevan on, 1890, 781 - - the action of, on the liydracids of the halogens in the presence of oxygen, Dr. A. Richardson on, 1887, 638 - the action of, on the liydracids of halogens in presence of oxygen, report on, 1888, 89; 1889, 59; 1890, 263 * - the action of, on dry hydrogen and chlorine, Prof. H. B. Dixon and J. A. Harker on, 1889, 541 *Light, action of, on the retina and other tissues, Drs. Dewar and MacKendrick on the, 1873, 126 * - action of, Dr. D. S. Price on the, upon sulphide of lead, and its bearing upon the preservation of paintings in picture galleries, 1865, 34 - action of, on water colours, Dr. A. Richardson on, 1888, 641 * - the chemical action of, Prof. Roscoe on a self-registering apparatus for measuring, 1874, 66 - chemical actions of, discovered by Prof. Tijndall, Prof. Morren on tlic, 1869, 66 - constant, A. V. Harcourt on a lamp giving a, 1883, 426 - - diffraction of, experiments on, with circularly ruled plates of glass, P. Braham on, 1873, 36; *1874, 25 - the emission and absorption of rays of, by certain gases, Dr. J. H. Glad¬ stone on, 1861, 79 - lantern for lecture demonstrations with electric, W. Ladd on an improved, 1870, 26 - loss suffered by, some observations of the. in passing through glass, by Sir J. Conroy, 1886, 527 - motion of camphor, &c., towards the, C. Tomlinson on the, 1862, 23 - polarised, M. A. Cornu on a new geometrical theorem relative to the theory of reflection and refraction of, 1866, 9 - propagation of, Prof. J. H. Poynting and E. F. J. Love on the law of the, 1886, 521 - the specific refraction and dispersion of, by liquids, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on, 1881, 591 - standards of white, report on, 1880, 1 19; 1881, 126; 1882, 38; 1883, 127; 1885, 61 ; 1886,39; 1887, 47 ; 1888, 39 Appendix I., 1888: — Photometric comparison of candles, the pentane standard , the new pentane lamp , and the amyl-acetate lamp, 41 Appendix II., 1888 : — Incandescent platinum, 47 - ratio of the actinic power to the? illuminating power of the magneto¬ electric, Capt. Abney on the, 1875. 25 - transmission of, through animal bodies, Dr. Richardson on the, 1868, 118 * - unit of, for photometry, A. V. Har¬ court on a new, 1877, 31 - unit of, the application of a new, to the examination of coal-gas, A. Vernon Harcourt on, 1877, 51 - is the velocity of, in an electrolytic 248 GENERAL INDEX liquid, influenced by an electric current in the direction of propagation? by Lord Rayleigh , 1888, 341 Light, the velocity of, in the chemical ele¬ ments, and on their crystalline form, Prof. Zenger on, 1872, 46 - - the velocity of, white and coloured Prof. G-. Forbes on, 1882, 441 * - the velocity of, of different colours, Prof. G-. Forbes on, 1881, 653 - the velocity of, in carbon disulphide and the difference in velocity of red and blue light in the same, A. A. Michelson on, 1884, 654 - - the wave theory of, Dr. H. Hudson on, 1870, 39 * - and heat, waves of, G. J. Stoneyon the amplitude of, 1876, 31 Lightbody (E.) on the sedimentary de¬ posits of the River Onny, 1870, 11 - - (Dr. W. H.) on the vascular arrange¬ ments of the cornea, 1865, 10S Lighthouse on the Holywood Bank in Belfast Lough, eclipsing-apparatus con¬ structed for the, W. Bottomley on the, 1874, 220 ■ - illumination, a new method of burning oil for, J. E. Wigham on, 1886, S09 _ — — system of Canada, W. Smith on the, 1884, 891 ^Lighthouses, distinctive characters to. Sir W. Thomson and J. Hopkinson on methods of giving, 1875, 253 - electric illumination of, Dr. J. Hop¬ kinson on, 1886, 81 1 * - ex-focal light, J. E. "Wigham on the advantages of, in first order dioptric, 1881, 776 - gas for, J. E. Wigham on a new application of, 1878, 436 - illuminant for, J. E. Wigham on a new, 1886, 809 - - lenses used for revolving lights at, J. E. Wigham on a new method of arranging the annular, 1886, 809 - light for, J. E. Wigham on a new form of, 1886, 809 - paraboloidal reflector for, T. Steven¬ son on a, 1871, 37 - revolving, J. Hopkinson on improve¬ ments in the clockwork of, 1875, 248 Lighting, a question in the theory of, Lord Eayleigh on. 1881. 526 Lightning, dark flashes of. A. W. Clayden on, 1889, 507 - - figures, Charles Tomlinson on, 1861. 48 — — - haystack struck by, note by Sir D. Brewster on a, 1867. 19 - photographs of, Prof. L. Weber od, 1889, 507 - - protection of buildings from. Prof. J. Clerk Maxwell on the, 1876, 43 Lightning, protection of life and property from, W. McGregor on the, 1886, 556 - action of, on telegraphs, S. A. Yarley on the mode of, and on a new method of constructing telegraph coils, 1870. 28- - protectors for telegraphic apparatus,. W. H. Preece on, 1879, 259 Lightning-conductor, a new form of, which can be easily tested, S. Vyle on,. 1881, 780 - conductors, the construction of, Prof. Zenger on symmetric conductors and, 1873, 41 * - E. Anderson on, 1878, 457 - the necessity for a regular inspection of, E. Anderson on, 1880, 471 - — — the proper form of, W. H. Preece- on, 1880, 470 - discussion on, 1888, 591 Lights at sea, Sir W. Thomson on the- identification of, 1872, 251 Lignites, New Zealand, Dr. Murray Thomson on the composition of some, 1863, 56 Lilleshall, Salop, C. J. Woodward on a deposit near, containing recent marine shells, 1865, 79 “ *Lily disease, Prof. [H. M. Ward on a. 1888, 702 Limb-plexuses, the morphology and phy¬ siology of the, Dr. A. M. Paterson onr 1887, 775 Limbs in the higher vertebrata, the modi¬ fications in the, and the correspondence between the anterior and posterior ex¬ tremity, Prof. W. H. Flower on, 1870, 137 - Prof. Humphry on the comparison of the shoulder bones and muscles with the hip bones and muscles, 1870, 140 — — in mammalia, comparison of the thoracic and pelvic, by E. Garner, 1870, 137 - functional equivalency of certain parts of, Prof. E. J. Anderson on the, 1889, 642 - and lower jaw, Prof. Cleland on the interpretation of the, 1869, 119 Lime, Dr. John Davy on the action of. on animal and vegetable substances, 1861. 165 - Dr. John Davy on the slacking of quick, 1863. 43 - carbonate, the secretion by animals of, E. Irvine and G. S. Woodhead on. 1389, 637 - - the solubility of carbonate of. in fresh and sea water, W. S. Anderson on, 1889. 637 - silicate of, action of the alkalies onr A. Gages on the, 1863, 205 Limestone, the action of a lichen on. Prof. W. J. Sollas on, 1880, 586 GENERAL INDEX 249 Limestone, the action of carbonic acid on, Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins on, 1880, 573 . - carboniferous, C. Moore on mineral veins containing organic remains in the, 1868, 428 - Carboniferous, C. Richardson on the details of the, as laid open by the railway cutting and tunnel near Almondsbury, 1861, 130 - the efflorescence of the, at Les Baux, in Provence, Dr. Phene on, 1879, 344 - and Culm-measures near Chudleigh, junction of the, C. Reid on the, 1877, 76 . - the magnesian, of Durham , John Daglish andG. B. Forster on, 1863, 726 - Mountain, the formation of swallow- holes or pits with vertical sides in, L. C. Miall on, 1870, 79 - the Mountain, of Flintshire and part of Devonshire, G. H. Morton on, 1870, 82 - Mountain, at Luckington and Vobs- ter (N. of the Mendips), J. McMurtrie on certain isolated areas of, 1875, 76 - Mountain, of the west coast of Sumatra, Dr. F. Romeron the, 1876. 95 - Mountain, of the Yale of Clwyd, G. Maw on some fossiliferous strata be¬ tween the Bunter Sandstone and the, 1865, 67 - Permian, of Fulwell, near Sunder¬ land, J. W. Kirkby on some fossil tishes from the, 1863, 82 ■ - vegetable contents of masses of, occurring in trappean rocks in Fife- shire, W. Carruthers on the, 1871, 94 - - of Wenlock Edge, Rev. J. T. La Touche on the nodules in the, 1865, 76 ^Limestones and dolomites, the structure and origin of certain, T. Sterry Hunt on, 1862, 195 - E. Ray Lankester on the boring of, by certain annelids, 1867, 85 - crystalline, the effects of pressure on, Prof. T. G. Bonney on, 1889, 571 - of South Devon, Rev. G. F. Whid- borne on some fossils of the, 1888, 681 Limited liability, G. A. Jamieson on, 1887, 826 *Limn(eus, Prof. C. Semper on the nor¬ mal and abnormal growth of, 1872, 156 Limnocliaris Plumieri, Prof. A. Dickson on laticiferous canals in, 1876, 144 Limopsis, J. Gwyn Jeffreys on a species of, now living in the British seas. 1862, 108 Limpet, E. Ray Lankester on the ana¬ tomy of the, 1867, 85 Limpopo river, South-east Africa, Thos. Baines on the probable lower course of the, 1866, 100 — ~ — E. Button on explorations in the gold region of the, 1872, 208 Limpopo expedition, Capt. F. Elton on the, 1871, 178 * - Dr. R. J. Mann on Erskine’s dis¬ covery of the mouth of the, 1869, 164 Limulus, Henry Woodward onsomepoints- in the structure of, 1866, 79 - polyphemus, the blood of, F. Gotch and J. P. Laws on, 1884, 774 Lindemann (Prof. F.) on Lame's differ¬ ential equation, 1883, 351 - the tactinvariant of a conical sec¬ tion and a cubic curve, 1884, 647 Lindsay (Miss B.), the normal phe¬ nomena of entoptic vision distinguished from those produced by mechanical causes, 1887, 779 ; optical illusions of motion ; conflicting theories referred to the test of certain hitherto undescribed entopical phenomena, 781 * - (the late J.) on a proof of the binomial theorem, 1867, 5 - (T. M.) and W. R. Smith on Demo¬ critus and Lucretius, a question of priority in the kinetical theory of matter, 1871, 30 - (Dr. W. Lauder) on the geology of the gold-fields of Otago, New Zealand, 1863, 77 ; on the geology of the gold¬ fields of Auckland, New Zealand, 80; on the toot-poison of New Zealand, 98 - on the relations of the southern to the northern flora of New Zealand, 1865, 82 - on the present uses of lichens as dye-stuffs, 1867, 38 ; on the gold-fields of Scotland, 64 ; on the conservation of forests in our colonies, 85 ; is lichen- growth detrimental to forest- and fruit-trees ? 87 ; on plant acclimati¬ sation in Scotland, with especial reference to Tussac grass, 88 ; to what extent is lichen-growth a test of age ? ib. ; on polymorphism in the fructification of lichens, 89 ; on the obstacles to the utilisation of New Zealand flax, 141 Linear differential equations, W. H. L. Russell on, 1870, 16 - - syzygetic relations between the- coefficients of ternary quadrics, Prof. R. W. Genese on, 1882, 452 * - transformations, Prof. Clifford on the theory of, 1875, 11 Lineff electric tramway, G. Kapp on the, 1890, 956 Linen manufacture in Dundee and neigh¬ bourhood, A. J. Warden on the, 1867,. 145 Lines in space, Prof. A. Cayley on a correspondence of points and, 1870. 10 "'Ling (A. R.), isomeric change in the phenol series, 1887, 642 Lingula-fags of South Wales, Henry Iiicks on the, 1865, 28 1 25 0 GENERAL INDEX. *Lingula-flags, J. Plant on the geology and fossils of the, at' Upper Mawddach, 1867, 72 "•'Link motion, an improved form of, J. Nasmyth on, 1862, 196 * - motion for steam-engines, J. M. McCulloch on, 1887, 882 Linne, the lunar crater , W. JR. Birt on, 1868, 41 ; Herr von Mddler on, 44 Linseed cake, W. H. Harris on the adul¬ teration of, with nut- cake, 1862, 45 Linton (Mrs. Lynn) on the ethnography of the French Exhibition as repre¬ sented by national arts, 1867, 1 1 7 Liquefaction of gases by combined cold and pressure, J. J. Coleman on a machine for the, 1876, 63, 220 '■‘Liquefied gases, Ur. J. Dewar on the latent heat of, 1874, 57 Liquid film, the influence of an electric current on the thinning of a, Prof. A. AV. Eiicker and Prof. A. AY. Remold on the, 1884, 652 * - films, the extensibility of, Lord Rayleigh on, 1889, 502 - jets, the action of magnets on, Prof. S. P. Thompson on, 1879, 257 * — - motions, the diffusion of motion and propagation of disturbance in some turbulent, note on the relation between, by Prof. Gf. F. FitzGerald, 1890, 757 - and the solid states of matter, Prof. J. Thomson on relations between the gaseous, the, 1872, 24 - and solid substances, Dr. Otto Richter on a new theory of the specific volumes of, 1868, 42 - surfaces of revolution, Prof. A. W. Rucker on the critical mean curvature of, 1886, 518 * . waves, AY. S. Davis on the re¬ fraction of, 1873, 43 Liquids, absorption of heat by, AY. F. Barrett on sources of error in deter¬ minations of the, 1868, 14 - cohesion-figures of, C. Tomlinson on the, 1861, 93 ; 1864, 21 - — — evaporation of, L. Kessler on a new system for the, 1863, 44 - flow of, through small orifices at high velocities, Colonel H. Clerk on the hydraulic buffer, and experiments on the, 1869, 209 * - heating of, Dr. Nevins on a new theory respecting the, 1870. 61 - nature of, Drs. AV. Ramsay and S. Young on the, 1886, 579 * - specific volumes of certain, Prof. T. E. Thorpe on the, 1874, 67 - the specific volumes of, preliminary report on, 1875, 62 * - spheroidal state of, AY. F. Barrett on a condition affecting the, and its prob¬ able effect on certain boiler-explosions, 1872, 48 Liquids, thermal resistance of, Frederick Guthrie on the, 1868, 15 Lisbon and Kew magnetic curves, Serihor Capello on a comparison of the, during the disturbance of February 20-25, 1866, 1867, 20 - steam-tramways, 1873, AV. H. Barlow, jun., on the, 1873, 210 Lista (Don R.) on the discovery of the sources of the Chico in Southern Pata¬ gonia, 1879, 436 Lister (J. J.) on the natural history of Christmas Island, 1888, 708 ; on some points in the natural history of the coral f ungia, 717 * - (S. C.) on the mechanical treat¬ ment of fibrous substances, 1873, 214 - (T.) on birds observed in the AVest Riding of Yorkshire in former and recent years, 1873, 116 - on spring migratory birds of the North of England, 1874, 137 * - on the rarer birds occurring in South and AVest Yorkshire, 1879, 378 - on the- birds which have bred in the Barnsley and South Yorkshire district, 1881, 670 - on the distribution and dates of spring migrants in Yorkshire, compared with AVest of England and Ireland, 1882, 589 * - the distribution of the nightingale in Yorkshire, 1887, 770 Lithanode, D. G. Fitz-Gerald on, 1886, 553 Lithium, Prof. Roscoe on the existence of, in the Bath waters, 1864, 41 — — - Dr. G. D. Gibb on the action of the bromides of, 1864, 123 ‘ Lithologie du fond des Mers,’ J. G. Jeffreys on submarine explorations with reference to M. Delesse’s work entitled, 1872, 115 Lithosia caniola, Dr. E. P. AATight on, 1866, 80 Littledale (Harold) on agricultural machinery, 1869, 404 ‘ Little Russia,’ E. D. Morgan on, 1888, 740 Littleton (T.) on the health of Ply¬ mouth, 1877, 180 "‘Live stock, R. Herbert on statistics of, 1864, 167 Liveing (Prof. G. D.) on the present state of our hnomledge of spectrum analysis , 1880, 258; 1881, 317; 1882, 120; 1884,295 - on wave-length tables of the spectra of the elements , 1882, 144; 1884, 351 ; 1885, 288; 1886, 167; 1890, 224 - Address to the Chemical Section, - 1882, 479 GENERAL INDEX. 25 1 *Liveing (Prof. G. D.) on kinetic theories, 1885, 904 - on eikonogen, a new photographic developer, 1889, 533 - and Prof. Dewab, on the reversals of the spectral lines of metals, 1882, 495 - and Prof. Dewar on sunspots and the chemical elements in the sun, 1883, 455 - and Prof. Dewar, spectroscopic studies of explosions, 1884, 672 - and Prof. Dewar on the absorption spectrum of oxygen, 1888, 576 * - and Prof. Dewar on the combus¬ tion of gases under pressure, 1890, 776 Liver, amount of bile secreted by the, Dr. H. Bennett on new investigations to determine the, and how far this is influ¬ enced by mercurials, 18G7, 98 - functions of the, Dr. John Good¬ man on the, 1864, 123 - — — lobes of the, Prof. Flower on the arrangement and nomenclature of the, in mammalia, 1872, 150 ■ — - lobes of the, in mammalia, Dr. Rolleston on the homologies of the, 1861, 174 - of man and the pig, lymphatics in the, Dr. L. T. A. Carter on the, 1864, 119 Liverpool Compass Committee , report on the three reports of the , by A. Smith and F. J. Feans, 1862, 87 - Compass Committee report, J. T. Towson on the, 1870, 19 - defence of, by floating forts, S. J. Mackie on the, 1870. 219 - half-tide level of, J. N. Shoolbred on, 1875, 161 - Eev. J. Jones on intemperance, purely with reference to, 1870, 195 - licensing system in, the Rev. William Caine on the free, during the last four years, 1866, 124 - national schools in, as compared with the population, Rev. A. Hume on the condition of, 1861, 223 * - overcrowding in, R. W. Pitcher on, 1876, 208 - Pleistocene deposits of the district around, G. H. Morton on the, 1861, 120 — — and the neighbourhood, sewage of, J. N. Shoolbred on the, 1870, 228 - tobacco trade of, J. S. Campbell 011 the, 1870, 189 - Triassic sandstone around, G. H. Morton on the glaciated condition of the surface of the, 1870, 81 * - the unprotected state of, Aclm. Sir E. Belcher on, 1870, 208 * - variations in direction and motion of the air at, A. Follett Osier on, 1865, 264 - Bay and the neighbouring parts of the Irish Sea, the exploration of, by the Liverpool Marine Biology Com¬ mittee, Prof. W. A. Herdman on, 1887, 733 Livi (Dr. R.), note on the development of the wisdom-teeth, 1889, 773 ^Living bodies, the chemical problems presented by, discussion on, 1888, 631 Livingstone (Dr.), letter to Sir R. I. Murchison from the River Zambesi, 1862, 146 - extracts from the official despatches of, 1872, 21 1 - recent discoveries by, Lieut. -Colonel Grant on, 1872, 209 * - and Lake Bangweolo, E. G. Raven - stein on, 1888, 745 - Search Expedition, Sir R. I. Mur¬ chison on the, 1867, 126 * - East-coast Aid Expedition, Major E. Smith on the, 1873, 173 Livingstonia Company, the opening up of the East African lake district, J. Ste¬ venson on the, 1878, 636 Livonia, C. T. Croger on tumuli at Ascheraden in. 1872, 178 Livsey (Peter J.) on a mercurial baro¬ meter invented by R. Howson, 1861, 64 Lizard Gabbros, the metamorphosis of the, J. J. H. Teall on, 1880, 668 Lizard, the male of the green, the ves¬ tigial structures of the reproductive apparatus of, G. B. Howes on, 1886, 691 Llanberis, G. Maw on the Cambrian rocks of, 1867, 70 Llandeilo rocks, H. Hicks on the Arenig and, of St. David’s, 1873, 82 Llandudno, the glacial and post-glacial deposits in the neighbourhood of, H. F. Hall on, 1870, 72 Llangollen, W. Mattieu Williams on the ancient glaciers north and east of, 1865, 78 - the Carboniferous Limestone and Millstone Grit in the country around, G. H. Morton on, 1877, 74 Lloyd (Rev. H.) on the secular changes of terrestrial magnetism, and their connection with disturbances, 1861, 41 - report on the adequacy of existing data for carrying into effect the sug¬ gestion of Gauss, to apply his general theory of terrestrial magnetism to the magnetic variations, 1862, 170 - - meteorological and physical obser¬ vations in three balloon ascents made in 1865 and 1866, 1866, 367 * - (Dr. J. H.) on purifying towns from sewage by means of dry cloacce, 1861, 85 * - (J. H.) on hammering and stone¬ dressing machinery, 1870, 219 - (S.), canal communication, 1886, 771 - on an improved canal lift, 1888, - 797 252 GENERAL INDEX. ♦Loading of ships, W. E. Hall on the, 1880, 699 ♦Loans and savings companies, W. A. Douglass on, 1884, 835 Loblet (J. Logan) on the range and distribution of the British fossil Bra- chiopoda, 1868, 71 ; on the topography of Vesuvius, with an account of the recent eruption, 137 - on the distribution of the British fossil Lamellibranchiata, 1869, 96 ♦ - on the stratigraphical distribution of the British fossil Gasteropoda, 1870, 78 - on the British Palaeozoic Arcadas, 1873, 84 - on the causes of volcanic action, 1888, 670 - on the origin of gold, 1890, 824 Local Government Bill, amendments founded on experience submitted for the, E. Chadwick on, 1888, 779 - - names, proposition for a census of, by Hyde Clarke, 1870, 189 - Scientific Societies Committee , re¬ port of the, 1883, 318 - see •' Corresponding Societies.’ - - science societies and the minor pre-historic remains of Britain, by R. Meldola, 1883, 571 - taxation, 0. Williams on, 1870, 207 Lochaber, the parallel roads of, by J. Melvin, 1885, 1305 Loch Katrine, Dr. Wallace on the com¬ position and properties of the water of, 1861, 94 - Tarbert, East and West, John Ram¬ say on the proposal to form a ship canal between, 1861, 197 Lockyer (J. Norman) on mapping the surface of the moon, 1865, 286 ; 1866, 214 ; 1867, 1 ; 1868, 1 ♦ - on the recent and coming solar eclipses, 1871, 34 - an interim report on the results obtained by the British Association Eclipse Expedition of 1871, 1872, 330 - on constructing and printing cata¬ logues of spectral rays arranged upon a scale of mare-numbers, 1872, 53 ; 1873, 249 ; 1874, 241 - on science lectures and organisation , 18"3: 495; 5°7 ♦ - on the results of some recent solar investigations, 1873, 35 ; ♦on the Draper-Rutherford diffraction-grating, 38 ; *on the elements in the sun, 65 - on the teaching of physics in schools, 1874, 71 ♦ - on Coggia’s comet, 1874, 20; *011 a new map of the solar spectrum, ib. ♦ - - on the oscillation-freguencies of solar rays, 1878, 37 Lockyer (J. Xorman) on recent spectral observations, 1879, 317 — — on the proposed publication by the Meteorological Society of the Mauritius of daily synoptic charts of the Indian Ocean from the year 1861, 1882, 38 ; 1883, 1 18 ; 1884, 32 ; 1885, 60 ; 1887, 4a - on the preparation of a nem series of tables of mare-lengtlis of the spectra of the elements . 1882, 144; 1884, 351 ; 1885, 288 ; 1886, 167 ; 1890, 224 * - the spectra of meteorites compared with the solar spectrum, 1888, 5 76 Locomotive engineering, English, A. McDonnell and J. A. F. Aspinall on. 1884, 890 - engines, balanced, T. R. Crampton on, 1886, 819 — — engines, compound, F. W. Webb on, 1883, 647 * - engines, construction of, for the London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway, W. Stroudley on the, 1884. 890 - engines, economical improvements in the construction of, R. Eaton on certain, 1872, 243 - fireless, Leon Francq’s, C. Bergeron on, 1879, 501 ♦ Locomotives and railways of the districts adjoining the rivers Tees, Tyne, and Wear, J. F. Tone on the, 1863, 192 ♦ - R. Eaton on the working of, with heated air and steam, 1873, 213 Locusts in Cyprus, S. Brown on, 1888, 716 Lodge (A.), note on a simple method of solving the general equation of the fourth degree, 1883, 408 - diagrammatic representation of moments of inertia in a plane area, 1886, 543 - on the desirability of introducing a uniform nomenclature for the fun¬ damental units of mechanics, 1888, 27 - on the ptossibility of calculating tables of certain mathematical func¬ tions, 1889, 28 - (Oliver J.) on a mechanical illustra¬ tion of electric induction and conduc¬ tion, 187 6, 42 ; on a mechanical illustra¬ tion of thermoelectric phenomena, 43 - - on a simplification of graphic formulas, 1878, 516 - *on a hypothesis concerning the ether in connection with Maxwell’s theory of electricity, 1879, 258; *on a new electrometer key, ib. - on derising and constructing an improved form of high insulation hey for electrometer mork , 1880, 29 ; on accurately measuring the specific in¬ ductive capacity of a good Sprengel GENERAL INDEX. 253 vacuum , and the specific resistance of gases at different pressures, 197 Lodge (Oliver J.) on standards for use in electrical measurements , 1881, 423 ; 1882, 70 ; 1883, 41 ; 1884, 29 ; 1885, 31; 1886, 145; 1887, 206; 1888, 55; 1889, 41 ; 1890, 95 - on the seat of the electromotive forces in the voltaic cell , 1884, 464 • - on electrolysis , 1885, 723 - on electrolysis in its physical and chemical hearings , 1886, 308 ; addenda to Prof. F. Kohlrausch's paper , 337; on the migration of ions and an experi¬ mental determination of absolute ionic velocity , 389 - on electrolysis in its physical and chemical hearings , 1887, 336 ; 1888, 339; 1889, 223; 1890, 138; comparison between the views of Dr. Arrhenius and Prof. Armstrong on electrolysis , 1887, 351 ; reply thereto , by Prof. Armstrong , 354 * - experiments on the speeds of ions, 1887, 589 - on the desirability of combined action for the translation of foreign memoirs , 1887, 41 - - on the desirability of introducing a uniform nomenclature for the fun¬ damental units of mechanics, 1888, 27 - on the measurement of the length of electromagnetic waves, 1888, 567 ; on the impedance of conductors to Leyden-jar discharges, ib. - discussion of lightning-conductors, 1888, 596, 61 1 - on the failure of metal sheets to screen off the electrostatic action of a moving or varying charge, 1889, 510 — — on the theory of solution, 1890, 330 - - on the electrostatic forces between conductors and other matters in con¬ nection with electric radiation, 1890, 754 _ and R. T. Glazebrook on the deter¬ mination of ‘ v ’ by means of electric oscillations, 1889, 497 _ _ _ and Prof. S. P. Thompson on uni¬ lateral conductivity in tourmaline crystals, 1878, 495 *Lodoicea Seychellarum, Mr. Tyerman on the growth of the, 1870, 128 Loess of Northern China, Baron von Richthofen on the, and its relation to the salt-basins of Central Asia, 1873, 86 - deposits of the valley of the Rhine, recent opinions on, M. Stirrup on, 1883, 497 Loew (Dr. O.) on a chemical difference between living and dead protoplasm, 1885, 1075 ♦Logan (Sir W.) on organic remains in Laurentian rocks in Canada, 1864, 58 Logarithmes hyperboliques, Ch. Hermite sur l’irrationalit£ de la base des, 1873, 22 ♦Logarithmic law, the, and its connec¬ tion with the atomic weights, Dr. G. J. Stoney on, 1888, 630 * - law of atomic weights, Dr. G. J. Stoney on the proof of the, 1888, 562 Logarithms, J. W. L. Glaisher on the calculation of « (the base of the Napierian logarithms) from a con¬ tinued fraction, 1871, 16 * - table of, some suggestions, by G. O. Hanlon, towards the formation of an extended, 1873, 17 - Rev. H. Wace on the calculation of, 1873, 24 * - Prof. Purser on Napier’s original method of, 1871, 23 fLog, Rev. E. L. Berthon on the hydrostatic, 1873, 210 f - Napier’s pressure, J. R. Napier on, 1873, 214 Logic, Boole’s mathematical analysis of, the Rev. Prof. Harley on, 1866, 3 - algebra of, a contribution to the history of the, by Rev. R. Harley, I88L559 - algebra of, A. Macfarlane on the fundamental principles of the, 1879, 262 Logical analysis of relationship, A. Mac¬ farlane on a, 1881, 566 - principle, exposition of a, as dis¬ closed by the algebra of logic, but overlooked by the ancient logicians, by Dr. E. Schroder, 1883, 412 * - problem, Prof. H. J. S. Smith on a mathematical solution of a, 1880, 476 ♦Login (T.) on the abrading and trans¬ porting powe" of water, 1868, 193 - on the laws of the flow and action of water containing solid matter in sus¬ pension, 1869, 402 - on roads and railways in Northern India, as affected by the abrading and transporting power of water, 1869, 214 Loligo, the cephalopod, E. R. Lankester on the structure of the egg, and the early development of, 1873, 131 Lolo syllabary of Western China, Hyde Clarke on the, 1882, 607 Lomax (J.) and W. Cash on Lepido- phloios and Lepidodendron, 1890, 810 Lombardy, P. Le Neve Foster, jun. on the irrigation of Upper, by new canals to be derived from the lakes Lugano and Maggiore, 1868, 190 Lomond, Lochs Katrine, Tay, and, A. Buchan on the deep-water temperature of, 1872, 207 London basin, W. Whita’ er on deep bor¬ ings at Chatham, a contributio 1 to the deep-seated geology of the, 188 5, 1041 254 GENERAL INDEX. London, the climate of, synchronism of mean temperature and rainfall in, H. C. Fox on, 1879, 277 ; supplement, 1880, 493 * - and other large towns, G. B. Gallo¬ way on improvements applicable to, to improve health and x>reserve life, 1865, 150 - industry, the insufficient earnings of, and specially of female laboui', W. Westgarth on, 1886, 781 - reconstructing and rehousing, W. Westgarth on, 1886, 782 - - the water supply of, F. J. Bramwell on, 1877, 173 London (J. A.), the utilisation of fibrous peat for the manufacture of brown paper, wrappers, and millboards, 1889, 737 Long (J.) on an apparatus for cleaning filtering-sand, 1876, 232 - (Prof. J.), agricultural education, 1888, 776 Long Mountain, on the Welsh borders, the geology of, W. W. Watts on the, 1890, 817 Longevity beyond seventy years, Sir Duncan Gibb on an obstacle to Euro¬ pean, 1869, 133 ; among the Jews, Sir G. D. Gibb on a cause of diminished, 134 - Sir G. D. Gibb on centenarian, 1871, 151 * - of animals of different species and of man, G. Harris on the comparative, and the probable causes which mainly conduce to promote this difference, 1871, 153 - at five score eleven years, Sir G. Duncan Gibb on, 1874, 152 Longitude of the Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford, Rev. R. Main on the, as deduced from meridional observations of the moon made at Greenwich and Oxford, 1869, 18 Longmynd Rocks of Sweden, Prof. Otto Torell on some new fossils from the, 1868, 80 Longstaff (G. B.), reasons for a quin¬ quennial census, 1888, 769 Lonsdale (N. L.) on mechanical self¬ registering apparatus for barometer, thermometer, rain- and wund-gauges, 1875, 260 - on an improved rain-gauge, 1879, 280 Looshais, Archibald Campbell on the, 1872, 176 Lord (J. K.) on the Indians of Vancouver Island, 1866, 75 *Lost House of Israel, A. L. Lewis on the pretended identification of the English nation with the, 1872, 190 Lothian geology, recent advances in West, H. M. Cadell on, 1885, 1037 Lothingland, notice of rare fishes occur¬ ring in Norfolk and, by X. E. Gunn, 1868, 97 Lotus corniculatus , the changes produced in, by cultivation, Prof. T. C. Archer on, 1870, 109 Lough Lurgan, the traditionary, W. M. Williams on, 1878, 528 — Neagh, Prof. Hodges on the petri¬ fied wood of, 1874, 58 - Ireland, E. T. Hardman on the age and formation of, 1874, 79 Loughor Castle, the antiquities of, B. Jones on, 1880, 620 ‘ Loughton ' or ‘ Cowper's ’ Camp, the ancient earthwork in Upping Forest known as the , report on, 1882, 274 ; 1883, 243 Louisiade and d’Entrecasteaux Islands, notes on the fauna of the, by B. H. Thomson, 1889, 615 - the exploration of the, B. H. Thom¬ son on, 1889, 668 Louisville and New Albanv cantilever V bridge, T. C. Clarke and C. Mac¬ donald on, 1886, 799 Lovaine (Lord) on the recent discovery of lacustrine human habitations in Wigtonshire, 1863, 141 Love (A. E. H.) on the oscillations of a rotating liquid spheroid and the genesis of the moon, 1888, 562 - (James) on an overlapping spec¬ troscope, 1881, 564; on change of density at the melting point, ib. - (E. F. J.) on the desirability of com¬ bined action for the translation of foreign memoirs, 1887, 41 ; on electrolysis in its physical and chemical bearings , 1S87, 336 ; 1888, 339 ; 1889, 223 ; 1890, 138 — ■- and Prof. J. H. Pointing on the law of the propagation of light, 1886, 521 *Lovett (Capt. B.) on the interior of Mekran, 1871, 180 * - [Major B.] on a visit to Koh- Khodja, 1873, 172 - (W. J.) on an improved vacuum filter-pump, 1874, 65 Low (W.) and Prof. J. A. Ewing on the magnetisation of iron in strong fields, 1887, 586 ; on the magnetisation of Hadfield's' manganese steel in strong fields, 587 ; on the influence of a plane of transverse section on the mag¬ netic permeability of an iron bar, 609 Lowe (E. J.) on the great cold of Christ¬ mas 1860, and its destructive effects. 1861, 64 - report on observations of luminous meteors , 1861, 1 ; 1880, 39; 1881, 290 - on the hurricane near Newark of May 7, 1862, showing the force of the hailstones and the violence of the gale, GENERAL INDEX. 255 1862, 32 ; on Lowe’s ozone box, 46 ; observations on ozone, ib. Lowe (E. J.) on ozone and ozone-tests, 1863, 22 * - on the propagation of ferns by means of spores, 1865, 83 - on the abnormal forms of ferns, 1867, 91 ; 1870, 20 - meteors seen at High f eld House, August 9, 1861, 1868, 425 - comparison of the effects of the frosts of 1860-1 and of 1878-9, 1879, 377 - on some newly discovered localities of the rare slug Testacella Haliotidea , 1883, 549 - report of the Committee for co-opera¬ ting with , in Ms project of establishing a meteorological observatory near Chep¬ stow, 1884, 35; 1885, 64; 1886, 139; 1887, 39 - on the influence of impregnation on a plant, 1885, 1081 ; on the impreg¬ nation of composite flowers, 1082 _____ on the effects of the weather of 1888 on the animal and vegetable kingdoms, 1888, 726 - and Col. Jones, abnormal ferns, hybrids, and their parents, 1888, 713 * - ( J.), population, immigration, and pauperism in the dominion of Canada, 1884, 866 ■ - (Dr. John) on the occurrence of spherical iron nodules in the Lower Greensand, 1868, 72 Lowne (Benjamin T.) on type-variation and polymorphism in their relation to Mr. Darwin’s theory of the origin of species, 1868, 104 — — on the ciliated condition of the inner layer of the blastoderm in the ova of birds, and in the omphalo¬ mesenteric vessels, 1871, *140, 242 - - - on terato-embr yological inquiries, 1872,334 1'Loweie (W.), the measurement of elec¬ tricity ina house-to-house supply, 1888, 814 Loxomma Allmanni, Huxley, from the Northumberland coal-field, the spinal column of, Dr. D. Embleton on, 1889, 580 Loxosoma, the structure and development of, S. F. Harmer on, 1884, 779 Lubbock (John), report upon the best means of advancing science through the aqencu of the mercantile maHne, 1862, '122 - notes on Splicerularia Bombi, 1862, 109 ; on two aquatic Hymenoptera, no - [Sir John], report on exploring Kent's Cavern, Devonshire , 1865, 16 ; 1866, r; 1867, 24; 1868, 45; 1869, 189 ; 1870, 16 ; 1871, 1 ; 1872, 28 ; 1873, 198; 1874, 1 ; 1875, 1 ; 1876, 1 ; 1877, 1 ; 1878, 124; 1879, 140 ; 1880, 62 Lubbock [Sir John] on the transforma¬ tions of Cliloeon {Ephemera') dimidia- tum, 1865, 89; on the flints of Pres- signy le Grand, 129 - on some points in the anatomy of the Thysanura, 1867, 91 ; on the origin of civilisation and the early condition of man, 118 ; 1869, 137 - remarks on stone implements from Western Africa, 1870, 154 - on the treatment and utilisation of sewage, 1870, 49 ; 1871, 166 - Address to the Biological Section, 1872, 123 - on the exploration of the Settle Caves, 1873, 250; 1874, 133; 1875, 1 66 ; 1877, 215 ; 1878, 377 ; on the pre¬ paration of brief forms of instructions for travellers, ethnologists, Sfc., 1873. 482 ; 1874, 214 - *on the habits of ants, 1878, 559 - on the exploration of certain caves in Borneo, 1879, 149 - on the occurrence of Leptodora hya- lina in England, 1879, 369-; on fruits and seeds, 370 — — Presidential Address at York, 1881, 1 - on the manner in which rudimentary science should be taught, and how ex¬ aminations should be held therein , in elementamj schools, 1881, 148 - on the mode in which the seed of Stip a buries itself in the ground, 1881. 668 ; on the sense of colour among- some of the lower animals, 676 - on the workings of the proposed revised New Code, and of other legis¬ lation affecting the teaching of science in elementary schools, 1882, 307, 1883, 309 - on the teaching of science in ele¬ mentary schools, 1884, 283 ; 1885, 692 ; 1886, 278; 1887, 163; 1888, 164; 1889, 131 ; 1890, 489 - on patent legislation, 1884, 293 ; 1885, 695 - ^recent observations on the habits and instincts of ants and bees, 1885, 1056 ; note on the intelligence of the dog, 1089 - on the prehistoric inhabitants of the British Islands, 1887, 168; 1888, 2S9 ; 1889, 318; 1890, 548 - on the desirability of further research in the Antarctic regions, 1888, 316 - *on the instincts of solitary wasps and bees, 1888, 706 - on the shape of the oak-leaf, 1889, 626 ; * on the leaves of the Guelder rose, 627 - - (Dr. M.) on the development of the colour-sense, 1881, 715 256 GENERAL INDEX ^Lubricants, the action of, Prof. 0. Reynolds on, 1884, 622 Lucas (J.) on the hydrogeological survey of England, 1878, 692 - on the quantitative elements of hy¬ drogeology, 1879, 499 - on some vestiges of the ancient forest of part of the Pennine chain, 1881, 680 ; on an organisation for the systematicgauging of the wells, springs, and rivers of Great Britain, 781 Lucerne, Lake of, J. J. Walker on a recent description of an iris seen in the, 1864, 13 Lucifer and other matches ignited by friction, Prof. F. A. Abel on some results of experiments on, 1863, 32 Lucretius and Democritus, T. M. Lind¬ say and W. R. Smith on, a question of priority in the kinetical theory of matter, 1871, 30 Ludlow rocks of Shropshire, J. Hopkinson on the occurrence of numerous species of Graptolites in the, 1873, 83 Luff (A. P.) on the chemistry of some of the lesser-known alkaloids , especially veratria and bebeerine , 1878, 105 ; 1879, 133 Lugard (Capt.), Nyassaland and its commercial possibilities, 1889, 665 Luke (R.) on Luke’s patent safety-facing point lock, for securing railway facing- points, 1874, 224 *Lumbricus terrestris, Dr. Rolleston on certain points in the anatomy of, 1865, 1 10 Lumholtz (C.), the present and future of Queensland, 1889, 667 Lumiere, Prof. Morren sur une action particuli&re de la, sur les sels d’argent, 1868, 19 Luminous meteors , report on, 1861, 1 ; 1862, 1, 527 ; 1863, 209; 1864, 1 ; 1865, 57; 1866, 16; 1867, 288; 1868, 344; 1869, 216; 1870, 76; 1871, 26; 1872, 57; 1873, 349; 1874, 269; 1875, 199; 1876,119; 1877,98; 1878, 258; 1879, 76 ; 1880, 39 ; 1881, 290 - — _ see ‘ Meteors, luminous ’ Lunar activity or quiescence, W. R. Birt on the present state of the question relative to, 1870, 20 - craters, W. R. Birt on a group of, imperfectly represented in lunar maps, 1862, 9 - disturbance of gravity, the measure¬ ment of the, report on, 1880, 25 ; 1881, 93; 1882,95 - influence on clouds and rain, J. P. Harrison on, 1873, 43 - mountains, the Alps, W. R. Birt on the selenographical relations between the chain of, with the Mare Imbrium and the Mare Frigoris, 1863, 3 Lunar objects suspected of change , report of the Committee for discussing observa¬ tions of, 1871, 60; 1872, 245 - plain near the Montes Hercynii, Dr. Lee on an extensive, proposed to be named Otto Struve, 1864, 6 - spot, Werner, Rev. T. W. Webb on a suspected change of brightness in the, 1864, 8 * - theory, some recent advances in the, Prof. J. C. Adams on, 1877, 31 - tints and spots and shadows on Plato, W. R. Birt on secular variations of, 1869, 15 Lunatics and their property, the care of, the assimilation of the law of England, Scotland, and Ireland as to, Dr. W. N. Hancock on, 1879, 493 *Lung, the human, the intimate structure of, Dr. Waters on, 1870, 143 Lunge (Prof.) *on the composition of some coke oven tars of German origin, 1887, 640 ; *a new apparatus for con¬ densing gases by contact with liquids, ib. Lungs, W. Turner, on a supplementary system of nutrient arteries for the, 1864, 129 * - Dr. W. Stirling on the nervous apparatus of the, 1876, 163 *Lupton (Prof. A.) on the pneumatic distribution of power, 1890, 954 Luray (Virginia, U.S.A.), the caverns of, Chev. R. E. Reynolds on, 1888, 662 Luroth (Prof.) on a method for measur¬ ing the height of clouds, 1883, 422 Lustre, binocular, Sir David Brewster on, 1861, 29 *Lutken (Dr. Christian) on some recent additions to the Arctic fauna (a new Antipathes and a new apodal Lophioid), 1871, 133 Luxmoore (E. B.) on the caves of North Wales, 1886, 219; 1887, 301 Lybian Desert, Dr. G. Schweinfurth on the oases of the, 1874, 173 Lychnis diurna, Miss Becker on altera¬ tion in the structure of, observed in connection with the development of a parasitic fungus, 1869, 106 *Ly copods, the life-history of, Dr. M. Treub on, 1887, 763 Lyell, Sir Charles, a few notes on his ‘ Antiquity of Man,’ by John Crawfurd, 1863, 136 - Presidential Address at Ba th, 1 864, l.c - on exploring Kent's Cavern, Devon¬ shire, 1865, 16; 1866, 1; 1867, 24; 1868,45; 1869, 189; 1870, 16; 1871, 1 ; 1872, 28; 1873, 198; 1874, 1 - on the rate of increase of under¬ ground temperature, 1868, 510; 1869, 176; 1870, 29; 1871, 14; 1872, 128; 1873, 252 ; 1875, 14 GENERAL INDEX. 257 *Lyme Regis, E. C. H. Day on the Lower Lias of, 1865, 51 Lymphatic system , the physiology of the , report o?i, 1887, 145 ; 1888, 363 ; 1889, 128 Lymphatics, Drs. G. and F. E. Hoggan on the origin of the, 1875, 165 - in the liver of man and the pig, Dr. L. T. A. Carter on the, 1864, 119 Lynam (J.) on the river Shannon drain¬ age and navigation, 1874, 226 - on the river Shannon : its present state, and the means of improving the navigation and the drainage, 1878, 699 Lynch (H. F. B.), new trade routes into Persia, 1890, 889 Lyons (Lord), letter from Capt. Maury to, on the importance of an expedition to the Antarctic regions for meteorologi¬ cal and other scientific purposes, 1861, 65 *Lyte (F. Maxwell) on some of the dif¬ ficulties arising in the practice of photography, and the means of remov¬ ing them, 1862, 195 * - on an apparatus for the preserva¬ tion or disengagement of sulphuretted hydrogen, carbonic acid, or other gases, 1864, 32 - on the use of sodium or other soluble aluminates for softening and purifying hard and impure water and deodorising and precipitating sewage, waste water from factories, &c., 1885, 984 Macadam (Dr. Stevenson) *on the pro¬ portion of tin present in tea-lead, 1861, 85 ; on the proportion of arsenic pre¬ sent in paper-hangings, 86 ; *on an economical mode of boiling rags, &c., with alkaline ley, it). - *0 n the analysis of Chinese iron, 1863, 191; *on the manufacture of superphosphates and dissolved bones, ih. - on the pollution of rivers by the sewage of towns, 1864, 32 - - on the results of agricultural expe¬ riments made in 1864, 1865, 31 ; on Esparto fibre, or Spanish grass, and its employment in the manufacture of paper, 33 - on the poisonous nature of crude paraffin oil, and the products of its rectification upon fish, 1866, 41 - on the economic distillation of gas from cannel coal, 1869, 69 - on the production of permanent gas from paraffin oils, 1884, 680 - (W. Ivison) on the chemical com¬ position of a nodule of ozokerite found at Kinghorn-ness, 1879, 309 Macadam (W. Ivison) on experiments with manures on the barley crop of 1881, 1881, 602 - on certain diatomaceous deposits (diatomite) from the peat of Aber¬ deenshire, 1885, 1017 * - and T. Wallace, description of a new mineral from Loch Bhruithaich, Inverness-shire, 1885, 977 - and J. S. G. Wilson on deposits of diatomite in Skye, 1886, 678 Macalister (Alexander) on the homo¬ logies and comparative anatomy of the atlas and axis, 1868, 117 * - [Prof. A.] exhibition of a sketch of some varieties of the Pronator quad¬ ratic, 1870, 142 * — - — on the bearing of muscular anoma¬ lies on the Darwinian theory of the origin of species, 1871, 140 * - on two new species of Pentastoma , 1871, 137 ; *on the specimen of Selache maximus lately caught at Innisboffin, ih. ; *on the tongue of the Great Ant- eater, 143 ; *on some anomalous forms of the human periorbital bones, ih. - Address to the Department of Ana¬ tomy and Physiology, 1877, 87 - on the exploration of the Fermanagh Caves , 1878, 183 - on the gill skeleton of Selache maxima, 1878, 600 - on the facial characteristics of the races and principal crosses in the British Isles, 1884, 294 - *on the morphology of the human arterial system, 1885, 1068 ; *exhibi- tion of the skeleton of a strandlouper from South Africa, 1228 - *on rudimentary structures relating to the human coracoid process, 1886, 687 ; *on the brain of an aboriginal Australian, 692 ; *on the anatomy of aboriginal Australians, 845 - on racial photographs from the ancient Egyptian pictures and sculp¬ tures, 1887, 439 - (Donald) on a modification of the law of facility, 1879, 267 * - communication from the Grenada eclipse expedition, 1886, 518 McAlpine (D.), ^lifecycles of organisms- represented diagrammatically and comparatively, 1886, 708; *a rearrange- ment of the divisions of biolog}T, ih. McAn drew (R.) on the testaceous Mol- lusca obtained during a dredging ex¬ cursion in the Gulf of Suez, 1870, 120 M‘Bean (W.) on the Edinburgh Indus¬ trial Home for fallen women, 1871, 212 *M‘Cann (Rev. Dr. J.), philosophical ob¬ jection to Darwinism or evolution. 1869, 151 S 258 GENERAL INDEX. *M‘Cann (Rev. Dr. J.) on the origin of the moral sense, 1871, 155 - on the methods of a complete anthropology, 1874, 156 * _ on the origin of instinct, 1876, 166; *on the organisation of original research, 207 McCarthy (Rev. E. F. M.) on the 'pro¬ motion of the study of geo graphy, 1887, 158 ^ o * - (J.) on Siam, 1887, 804 *M‘Clintock’s method of finding the value of life annuities by means of the gamma function, explanations of, T. B. Sprague on, 1874, 19 McClintock (Adm. Sir L.) on the desi¬ rability of further research in the Arc¬ tic regions , 1886, 277 ; 1888, 316 McConnell (J. E.), report on steamship performance , 1861, 190; 1862, 282; 1863, 339 McConnochie (J.) on the Bute Docks, Cardiff, 1880, 692 *McCook (Dr.) on the nesting habit of Atypus niger, a Florida spider, 1887, 759 MacCoemac (Dr. H.) on the reclama¬ tion and sanification of the Pontine Marshes, 1874, 209 M‘Cosh (Dr. J.) on Assam and an over¬ land communication with China, 1873, 172 MacCullagh’s theorem, W. H. L. Russell on, 1871, 23 *McCulloch (J. M.), link motion for steam-engines, 1887, 882 Macdonald (C.) and T. C. Clarke on Louisville and New Albany bridge, 1886, 799 - (Rev. J.) on the tribes of South Africa, 1889, 795 * - (Dr. J. D.) on the perception of colour in man and the lower animals, 1882, 575 - (Prof. W.) on the development of the vascular system of the foetus in the vertebrata, 1865, 108 - on the construction of the lifeboat, 1867, 156 * - on an improved paddle-wheel, 1867, 156 *Macdonell (J.), bankruptcy in its eco¬ nomic bearings, 1881, 765 McDonnell (A.) and J. A. F. Aspinall on English locomotive engineering, 1884, 890 - - (Dr. R.), Address to the Depart¬ ment of Anatomy and Physiology, 1878, 593 *McDougall (A.) and E. Wragge, transport by land and water, 1884, 862 *Macfadzean (J.) on theparalLI roads of Glen Roy, 1876, 93 Macfarlane (A.) on the fundamental principles of the algebra of logic, 1879, 262 — — on the electric discharge through colza oil, 1881, 556 ; an analysis of (logical) relationships, 566 M‘Farlane (Donald) on experiments to determine the surface conductivity for heat of a copper ball, 1871, 44 Macfarlane (Dr. J. M.) on the pro¬ vincial museums of the United King¬ dom, , 1887, 97 ; 1888, 124 - *011 the division and conjugation of Spirogyra, 1885, 1088 ; *011 a micro¬ scopic fungus in fossil wood from Bowling, ib. ; on a new method of pre¬ paring the epidermal tissues of pitcher plants, ib. - on hybrids and their parents, 1890, 867 - (P.) on earthquakes in Scotland , 1870, 48; 1871, 197 M‘Farlane Gray (J.), W. Smith on port¬ able machinery for riveting, &c., in¬ vented by, 1863, 184 *Macfie (R. A.) on patents considered internationally, 1861, 263 MacGahan (J. A.) on the Russian expe¬ dition to Khiva, 1874, 183 *M‘Gauley (J. M.) on the nature and properties of ozone and antozone de¬ monstrated experimentally, 1866, 38 McGill University gold medal, founda¬ tion of the, account of, with list of subscribers, &c., 1884, 929 McGowen (W. T.) on the sewage of manufacturing towns, 1873, 65 MacGregor (Prof. J. G.) on promoting tidal observations in Canada . 1885, 33 ; 1886, 150; 1887, 31; 1888, 27; 1889, 27; 1890, 133 - the desirability of introducing a uniform nomenclature for the funda¬ mental units of mechanics, 1888, 27 - (J. G.) and J. A. Ewing on the volumes of solutions, 1877, 40 - (W.) on the protection of life and property from lightning, 1886, 55 6 Macgregor (Rev. Walter) on dredging in the Moray Firth , 1866, 21 1 McGregor-Robertson ( J.) on the direct action of anaesthetics on the frog heart, 1885, 1057; on the action of atropine on the secretion of the kidney : its evidence as to the mechanism of the secretion, 1075 - on the mechanism of the secretion of urine , 1886, 250; 1887, 1 3 1 Machairodus latidens, W. Pengelly on the alleged discovery of, in Kent’s Cavern, 1869, 99 - W. Pengelly on, found by the Rev. J. MacEnery in Kent’s Cavern, Tor¬ quay, 1872, 1 19 GENERAL INDEX. 259 Machattie (Dr. A. T.) on the detection of poisons by dialysis, 1864, 34 ; on the presence of nickel in metallic lead, ib. Machinery, portable, for rivetjng, chip¬ ping, &c., invented by J. M'Farlane Gray, W. Smith on, 1863, 184 • - subjected to rapid alternations of strain , F. J. Bramwell on the influence of form considered in relation to the strength of railway axles and other portions of 1869, 422 McIntosh (Dr. W. C.) on a new mollus- coid animal allied to Pelonaia, 1866, 75 ; list of Turbellaria and Annelida of North Uist, 76; on a rare molluscoid animal ( Pelonaia corrugata), ib. - on the invertebrate marine fauna and fishes of St. Andrews, 1867, 92 ; on Mr. J. G. Jeffreys’s collection of He¬ bridean annelids, ib. ; on the annelids of St. Andrews, ib. ; experiments with poisons, &c., on young salmon, 102 - on the annelids dredged off the Shetland, Isles , 1868, 336 - on the proboscis of Ommatoplea , 1868, 105 ; on the boring of certain annelids, ib. - on the annelids from the south coast of Devon and Cornwall , 1869, 89 - on certain annelids dredged in the expedition of H.M.S. ‘ Porcupine,’ 1869, 1870, 121 - on budding in the Syllidian anne¬ lids, chiefly with reference to a branched form procured by H.M.S. ‘Challenger,’ 1879, 372 - preliminary note on Cephalodiscus, a new form allied to Prof. Allman’s Rhabdopleura, dredged in H.M.S. ‘ Challenger,’ 1882, 596 - on the establishment of a marine biological station at Granton, Scotland, 1885, 474; 1886, 251 ; 1887, 91 - Address to the Biological Sec¬ tion, 1885, 1043 ; on the structure and arrangements of the St. Andrews marine laboratory, 1071 ; remarks on the work at the St. Andrews marine laboratory during nine months, ib. ; on certain processes formed by Cerapus on Tubularia indivisa, 1072; on a new British Stauroceplialus, 1073; on cer¬ tain remarkable structures resembling- ova from deep water, ib. ; on the ova Callionymus lyra, L. (the skulpin), ib. - on the researches on food-fishes and invertebrates at the St. Andrews marine laboratory, 1886, 268 ; note on a peculiar Medusa from St. Andrews Bay, 710 ; *on young cod, &c., 71 1 - on the definition of the area of the British marine fauna and fiora, 1887, 95 - *011 some rare and remarkable marine forms at St. Andrews marine laboratory, 1887, 760 McIntosh (Dr. W. C.) on the researches on food- fishes at the St. Andrews marine laboratory , 1888, 14 1 - *note on the tarpon, 1889, 617 ; on the larval and post-larval stages of the sole and other food-fishes, 618; notes on new and rare forms at the St! Andrews marine laboratory, ib. McIntyre’s journey across Australia, and discovery of traces of Leichhardt, Dr. F. Muller on, 1865, 124 Mackay (A. H.), a preliminary examina¬ tion of the .silicious organic remains in the lacustrine deposits of the province of Nova Scotia, Canada, 1884, 742 ; *011 the diatomaceous remains in the lake deposits of Nova Scotia, 783 - (Dr. J. Y.), the nature and develop¬ ment of the carotid system, 1887, 754 McKay (Rev. A. W.) on the Red Sand¬ stone of Nova Scotia, 1865, 66; on the Turdus migratorius, go *McKendrick (Dr. J. G.) on a new form of tetanometer, 1871, 140 - Address to the Department of Anatomy and Physiology, 1876, 126 - [Prof. J. G.], remarks on the pro¬ blem of aquatic breathing, 1884, 783 - - - on the establishment of a marine bio¬ logical station at Granton , Scotland , 1885,474; 1886,251; 1887, 91 ; 1888, 319 T 011 the action of cold on micro¬ phytes, 1885, 1058 - on the mechanism of the secretion of urine, 1886, 250 ;_1887, 131 ; on the re¬ searches on food-fishes and invertebrates at the St. Andrews niarine laboratory 1886, 268; 1888, 141 * - the demonstration of a new myo- graphion, 1887, 783 and Dr. Dewar on the action of light on the retina and other tissue* 1873, 126 * - and Prof. Dewar, further re¬ searches on the physiological action of the chinoline and pyridine bases, 1875 165 — -■ — and Dr. W. Ramsay on the phy¬ siological action of the substitution compound of chinoline and pyridine 1877,iii 1 Mackenzie (C.) on Brazil, 1885, 1105 * ( J-) on the New South Wales coal¬ field, 1864, 59 - (James) on the flora of Elgin, 1885, 1087 t - (Rev. J.), Bechuanaland and the Land of Ophir, 1888, 745 v - (J- U.), the telemeter system, 1884. 652 * - (Miss Muir) on her journeys in the 260 GENERAL INDEX. South Sclavonic countries of Austria and Turkey, 1864, 145 Mackenzie (Miss Muir) on the charac¬ teristics of the South Sclavonic race, 1865, 90 ^Mackerel sky, physical explanation of the, by Sir W. Thomson, 1876, 54 - Dr. H. Muirhead on the formation of, 1884, 644 Mackie (Samuel J.) on zinc sheathing for ships, 1866, 146 * - on iron floating forts, iron har¬ bours, and other floating structures, and on Daft’s method of construction of iron fabrics, 1867, 156 - on the rate of increase of under¬ ground, temperature , 1870, 29; 1871, 14; 1872, 128; 1873, 252; 1875, 14, 156 - on the defence of Liverpool by floating forts, 1870, 219 t Mackinder (H. J.), geography at the Universities, 1887, 803 f - note on geographical terminology, 1888, 746 Mackintosh (D.) on the relative extent of atmospheric and oceanic denuda¬ tion, with a particular reference to certain rocks and valleys in Yorkshire and Derbyshire, 1865, 65 ; on the com¬ parative anthropology of England and Wales, 122 - on the geological meaning of the term ‘ river-basin,’ and the desirability of substituting ‘drainage-area,’ 1875, 75 ; on the origin of two polished and sharpened stones from Cefn Cave, ib. ; queries and remarks relative to exist¬ ing ice-action in Greenland and the Alps, compared with former ice-action in the N.W. of England and Wales, 76 ; on anthropology, sociology, and nationality, 176; *on the prevailing mode of preparation for competitive examinations, 217 - on the erratic blochs of England , Wades, and Ireland , 1877, 81 ; 1878, 185: 1879,135: 1880,uo; 1881, 204; 1882,243; 1883, 136 ; 1884, 219 ; 1885, 322 ; 1886, 223 ; 1887, 236 ; 1888, 101 - on the introduction of science into higher and middle-class schools, 1883, 622 ^Macknight (E. A.), the Scottish poor law, past and present, tried by results, 1883, 626 MacLachlan (R.) on a new insect be¬ longing to the family Ephemeridce , with notes on the natural history of that family, 1873, 118 - remarks on the Colorado beetle, and on the panic existing as to the possi¬ bility of its becoming obnoxious in this countrv, 1877, 102 Maclagan (Dr.) on the action of mercury on the secretion of bile , 1868, 187 - (Colonel R.) on the geographical distribution of petroleum and allied products, 1871, 180 - [Gen. R.], the rivers of the Punjab, 1885, 1129 McLaren (Lord) on meteorological ob¬ servations on Ben Nevis, 1887, 34; 1888, 49; 1889, 315 ; 1890, 174 MacLaurin (Dr.), the British race in Australia, 1889, 786 *Maclea (Kenneth) on a remarkable storm- and beach-wave at St. Shott’s, Newfoundland, 1864, 145 MacLean (H.) on the Gaelic inhabitants of Scotland, 1876, 166 ; on the Angli¬ cising and Gaelicising of surnames, 167 - personal names and tribe-names of the Gaels, 1883, 573 Maclean (Magnus) and Makita Goto, electrification of air by combustion, 1889, 506 M'Lennan’s theory of ‘ Primitive Mar¬ riage,’ J. J. Murphy on, 1874, 156 ^McLennan (J.), Canadian finance, 1884, 841 McLeod (Herbert) on the determination of the gases existing in solution in well- waters, 1869, 55 - *on a new method of determining the vibration-number of tuning-forks, 1877, 37 ; *on the cycloscope, 217 - on the present state of our knowledge of spectrum analysis , 1880, 258; 1881, 317 ; 1882, 120 ; 1884, 295 - - on the pressure of the vapour of mercurv at the ordinary temperature, 1883, 443 - - on the influence of the silent dis¬ charge of electricity on oxygen and other gases, 1886, 213; 1887, 42; 1889, 54 ; 1890, 338 ; on electrolysis in its physical and chemical bearings, 1886. 308; 1887, 336; 1888, 339; 1889, 223; 1890, 138 ; f on or.one formed in electro¬ lysis, 1886, 308 - on the bibliography of solution, 1887. 57; 1888, 54; 1889, 53; 1890, 310 * - on the electrolysis of a solution of ammonic sulphate, 1887, 621 - on the present methods of teaching chemistry, 1888, 73 ; 1889, 228 ; 1890, 265 : - on the bibliography of spectroscopy , 1889, 344; 1890, 261 - - on the black-bulb thermometer in vacuo, 1889, 505 Macleod (Henry Dunning) on the defi¬ nition and nature of the science of political economy, 1862, 159 * - - the definition of wealth, 1886, 77 9 MacMahon (Capt. P. A.), integration of GENERAL INDEX. an equation connected with the elliptic functions, 1882, 450 MacMahon (Capt. P. A.) on symmetric functions, and in particular on certain inverse operators in connection there¬ with, 1883, 409 Macmillan (J.) on the occurrence of fungi in the roots of orchids, 1885, 1083 McMonagh (Dr. W.) on the production and propagation of the American trotter and classification of the spermatozoa and ova, 1884, 785 M‘Mordie (H.) on the reformatory and industrial school system, its evils and dangers, 1874, 210 MacMunn (Dr. C. A.) on the occurrence of chlorophyll in animals, 1883, 532 *McMurrick (Prof. P.), a contribution to our knowledge of the Phytopti, 1884, 782 McMurtrie (J.) on certain isolated areas of Mountain Limestone at Luckington and Vobster, 1875, 76 McNab (Prof. W. R.) on a variety of Polypodium vulgare , 1875, 158; on a variety of Rubvs, ib. * - exhibited Choreocholax polysi- p>honice, Reinsch, 1876, 144 ; *on the structure of the leaf in different species of Abies, ib. - on the classification of the vegetable kingdom, 1877, 104; on the classifica¬ tion of flowering plants considered phytogenetically, ib. ; on the move¬ ments of water in plants, 105 ; on an abnormal plant of Primula veris, ib. - - note on the stomata and ligules of Selaginella , 1887, 743 ; on the adven¬ titious buds on the leaves of Lachenalia pendula , 744 ; on the root-spines of Acantliorldza aculeata , H. Wendl., ib. McNeill (Capt. T.) on surveys relating to the water supply of Jerusalem, 1865, 123 Macoun (Prof. J.) notes on the extent, topography, climatic peculiarities, flora, and agricultural capabilities of the Canadian North-west, 1886, 726 Macqueen (C. E.) on the true principles of taxation, 1861, 225 Macrauehenia , P. Gervais sur les dents du, et leur mode de remplacement, 1872, 136 Macromolecules (molecules of matter in the crystalline state as distinct from the chemical molecule), and determi¬ nations of some of them, Dr. G. J. Stoney on, 1885, 988 Macrory (Edmund) on a uniformity of plan for the census of the United King¬ dom, 1871, 57 - on patent legislation , 1878, 157; 1879, 223 ; 1880, 318 ; 1881, 222 ; 1882, 310; 1883,3i6; 1884,293; 1886,695 261 *Mactear (J.) on soda manufacture, 1876, 65 - on an improved system of alkali manufacture, 1877, 52; *on the regene¬ ration of sulphur employed in the alkali manufacture by the Mactear process, ib. ; on a new mechanical furnace used in the alkali manufacture and for calcining purposes generally, *ib., 217 *M AC VICAR (Dr. J. G.) on the typical hydrocarbons, from marsh-gas to an¬ thracene, with the oxidation of the latter into anthraquinone and aliza¬ rine, 1870, 61 * - on the possible genesis of the chemical elements out of a homo¬ geneous cosmic gas or common vapour of matter, 1876, 65 McWilliam (Dr. J. A.) on the striated muscles in the gills of fishes, 1885, 107 7; on the structure of the intes¬ tine in the hedgehog and the mole, 1078 ^Madagascar, notes on, by T. Wilkinson, 1866, 97 - Dr. Ryan on the N.E. province of, 1866, 1 16 - - the south-west of. Nos Vey and, Rev. S. J. Perry on, 1883, 595 - the botany of, J. G. Baker on, 1881, 663 - the flora of, Rev. R. Baron on, 1888, 724 Madan (H. G.) on the bibliography of spectroscopy , 1890, 261 Madecasees, C. Staniland Wake on race- affinities of the, 1869, 15 1 Madeira group, R. H. Major on priority in discovery of the, 1866, 112 - the Rev. R. B. Watson on dredging at, 1871, *137, 242 - observations on atmospheric elec¬ tricity at, report on arrangements for the taking of , 1878, 103; 1879, 63 - report of the Committee appointed to represent to the Government of Portugal the importance of making tidal observa¬ tions at, 1878, 217 Madeira river, C. R. Markham on the navigation of the, 1871, 184 *Madge (J. H.) on a Chilian tumulus, 1880, 636 Madler (Baron von) on the lunar crater Linne , 1868, 44 ; on changes of the moon's surface, 514 *Madreporaria, aporose, Dr. Duncan on two new species of, from Guernsey, 1865, 86 Madreporarian structure, some new types of, Dr. G. H. Fowler on, 1887, 759 Madreporic system, the true nature and function of the, in Echinodermata, Dr. M. Hartog on, 1887, 736 262 GENERAL INDEX. Magellan, Strait of, Dr. E. 0. Cunning¬ ham on the flora of the, 1869, 112 - Straits of, and the passages leading northward to the Gulf of Penas, Capt. R. C. Mayne on the, 1869, 164 ...■ — the terrestrial and marine fauna of, Dr. R. 0. Cunningham on, 1870, 114 Magnesia, pyrophosphate of, Dugald Campbell on the action of nitric acid upon, 1862, 37 - the effects of, on vegetation, Maj.- Gen. Scott on, 1880, 550 Magnesium lamp, H. Larkin on a, 1866, 40 - manganite of, W. Weldon on the manufacture of chlorine by means of, 1872, 86 * - and potassium chlorate, the ex¬ plosive character of a mixture of, P. Braham on, 1877, 51 Magnetic compass, a gyrostatic working model of a, Prof. Sir Wm. Thomson on, 1884, 6 25 - declination and horizontal force , Sabine's method of reduction of hourly observations of, examples of the applica¬ tion of a modified form of to single quarter's registrations of the magneto- graphs at the Colaba Observatory , Bombay , by C. Chambers, 1886, 84 - dip and declination, Prof . Henness}7 on a probable cause of the diurnal variation of, 1861, 39 — distribution, H. A. Rowland on, 1875, 29 - disturbance, Senhor Capello on, 1866, 13 - disturbance of Feb. 20-25, 1866, Senhor Capello on a comparison of the Kew and Lisbon curves during the, 1867, 20 - disturbance, the general coincidence between sun-spot activity and terres¬ trial, Rev. F. Howlett on, 1881, 541 disturbances and earth- currents, Prof. W. G. Adams on, 1881, 463 - declination disturbances and mind values at Kern, comparison of, 1888, 28 - disturbances at Port Bae in 1882- 83, Major H. P. Damson on, 1888, 31 * - disturbances, regional, in the United Kingdom, Profs. A. W. Rucker and T. E. Thorpe on, 1890, 751 - double circular refraction, Dr. De W. B. Brace on, 1885, 931 - - effect of the sun or moon on instru¬ ments at the earth’s surface, G. John¬ stone Stoney on the amount of the direct, 1861, 47 - - equator in the Gulf of Siam and in the Gulf of Bengal, Dr. J. Janssen on the position of the, 1875, 28 . - experiment, W. H. Preece on a, 1886, 546 Magnetic field, the earth’s, the measure¬ ment of the intensity of the horizontal component of, T. Gray on, 1885, 898 - figures, new, Prof. S. P. Thompson on, 1878, 450 - force, the supposed connection between meteorological phenomena and the variations of the earth’s, John Allan Broun on, 1861, 49 - force, terrestrial, the laws of the principal inequalities, solar and lunar, of, the Astronomer Royal, G. B. Airv, on, 1861, 36 - force, the vertical, at Bombay, luni- solar variation of, C. Chambers on, 1887, 334 — — hysteresis, Prof. G. Forbes on, 1886, 550 " - induction and electricity, J. B. Thompson on the mechanical theory and application of the laws of, 1864, 1 5 - - induction as affecting observations of the intensity of the horizontal com¬ ponent of the earth’s magnetic force, C. Chambers on, 1877, 33 - - - induction inclinometer adapted for photographic registration, C. Carpmael on an, 1884, 635 ■\ - metals, iron, nickel, and cobalt, W. F. Barrett on the relationship of the, 1873, 40 - metals, the alteration in the di¬ mensions of the, by the act of mag¬ netisation, Prof. W. F. Barrett on, 1882, 476 - meter, exhibition and description of Miller’s portable torsion, by Prof. J. Blyth, 1886, 556 - observations, report of the Committee for considering the best means of com- paring and reducing, 1885, 65; 1886, 64; 1887, 320; 1888, 28; 1889, 49; 1890, 172; results of a comparison be¬ tween the mind values and declination disturbances at the Kern Observatory , by Prof. Balfour Stewart and W. L. Carpenter, 1888, 28 ; magnetic disturb¬ ances at Fort Bae in 1882-83, Major H. P. Damson on, 3 1 - observatories, preliminary list of, by Gen. Sir J. H. Lefroy and G. M. Whipple, 1887, 327 - observatory at Tifiis, report on the proposed establishment of a, by General Saline, 1865, 313 - paradox, S. A. Varley on a, 1870, 27 - - - permeability of an iron bar, the influence of a plane of transverse sec¬ tion on the, Prof. J. A. Ewing and W. Low on, 1887, 609 - power, the maximum amount of, which can be developed by a given galvanic battery, TI. Highton on, 1870, 2s GENERAL INDEX. 263 * Magnetic properties of the blood, Dr. A. Gaingee on the diamagnetic and, 1871, T38 - - properties of gases, Prof. Quincke on the, 1887, 6o8 - research, a new field of, F. H. Varley on, 1870, 26 - rotation of compounds, the, in re¬ lation to their chemical composition, Dr. W. H. Perkin on, 1884, 673 - rotation of mixtures of water, and some of the acids of the fatty series with alcohol and with sulphuric acid, Dr. W. H. Perkin on the, 1886, 579 - rotation, molecular refraction and, dispersion of carbon compounds, Dr. J. H. Gladstone and Dr. W. H. Perkin on the correspondence between the, 1889, 515 - state and the geological constitu¬ tion of the British Isles, the relations between, Profs. A. W. Rucker and T. E. Thorpe on the, 1889, 586 - storm of the end of August and beginning of September 1859, B. Stewart on the photographic records given at the Kew Observatory of the great, 1861, 47 - storm of the beginning of August 1865, as recorded by the self-recording magnetographs at the Kew and Lisbon Observatories, J. B. Capello and B. Stewart on the, 1865, 20 - survey of England , report by Gen. E. Sabine on the repetition of, 1861, 250 I. Dip , 252 II. Intensity of the magnetic force , 261 ; ( a ) horizontal force in abso¬ lute measure, ib. ; ( b ) variations of the total force determined by the statical method , 266 III. Declination ( contributed by F. J. Evans), 273 - survey of France, the recent, the instruments used in, Prof. A. W. Riicker on, 1889, 497 - survey of the globe, proposals con¬ cerning a, by Dr. E. Nanmann, 1889, 565 - - survey of Japan, the recent, Prof. C. G. Knott on, 1888, 588 - survey of Scotland, the third, Prof. T. E. Thorpe and A. VV. Rucker on, 1885, 926 * - susceptibility of iron, the effect of transverse stress on the, Sir W. Thom¬ son on, 1877, 37 * - susceptibility, a method of inves¬ tigating, Prof. Sir Wm. Thomson on, 1882, 474 . - susceptibility and retentiveness of soft iron, Prof. J. A. Ewing on the, 1883, 402 - - susceptibility of diamagnetic and feebly magnetic solids, a method of determining in absolute measure the, Sir W. Thomson on, 1890, 745 Magnetic viscosity in iron, Prof. J. A. Ewing on, 1889, 497 ^‘Magnetically polar diorite, exhibition of a small block of, by Prof. E. Hull, 1889, 577 Magnetiques, perturbations, en France, Prof. E. Mascart sur les, 1890, 751 Magnetisation of iron in strong fields, Prof. J. A. Ewing and W. Low on the, 1887, 586 — — of Hadfield’s manganese steel in strong fields, Prof. J. A. Ewing and W. Low on the, 1887, 587 - of soft iron bars of various lengths in a uniform magnetic field, A. Tana- kadate on the intensity of, 1888, 566 - — — of iron, report on the molecular phenomena connected withthe, 1889, 33 ; 1890, 145 ; notes on the report for 1890, by F. Osmond , 1890, 157 '-^Magnetised rings, plates, and disks of hardened steel, experiments on, by P. Braham, 1875, 28 * - steel, Dr. Phipson on, when dis¬ solved in acids, 1867, 14 *Magnetisingfunctionof iron, nickel, and Cobalt, H. A. Rowland on the, 1875, 29 Magnetism, the action of, on photogra¬ phic plates, P. Braham on, 1889, 519 - of the earth, the forms of the in¬ fluence exerted by the sun on the, Prof. Balfour Stewart on, 1883, 419 - induced, Prof. J. A. Ewing on the molecular theory of, 1890, 740 - of iron, nickel, and cobalt, W. F. Barrett on the molecular changes that accompany the, 1873, 40 * - the influence of, on the discharge of electricity through gases, Prof. A. Schuster on, 1884, 633 - ships’, Gaussin’s warning regarding the sluggishness of, Sir William Thom¬ son on, 1878, 496 * - of soft iron, Sir W. Thomson on effect of stress on the, 1875, 29 ; 1876, 45 - terrestrial, Rev. H. Lloyd on the secular changes of, and their connection with disturbances, 1861, 41 - terrestrial, report on the adequacy of existing data for carrying into effect the suggestion of Gauss, to apply his general theory of terrestrial magnetism to the magnetic variations, 1862, 170 - terrestrial, the advantages to the science of, to be obtained from an expe¬ dition to the region within the Antarctic circle , by Commander Creah, 1886, 98 - - terrestrial, Gauss' theory of, being a report on his constants for 1829, by H, Petersen and A. Erman, 1872, 264 GENERAL INDEX Magnetism, terrestrial, as modified by the structure of the earth’s crust, and proposals concerning a magnetic sur¬ vey of the globe, by Dr. E. Naumann, 1889, 565 _ terrestrial, the general bibliogra¬ phy of meteorology and, compiled by the Signal Office, Washington, C. Abbe on, 1887, 593 Magnetite, artificial, J. Spiller on, 1873, 66 - the electric resistance of , Prof. S. P. Thompson on, 1886, 314 Magneto- electric induction, J. A. Flem¬ ing on the decomposition of an elec¬ trolyte by, 1875, 28 - light, Capt. Abney on the ratio of the actinic power to the illuminating power of the, 1875, 25 * - machine, W. Ladd on a, 1867, 14 - machines, the best form of magnet for, W. Ladd on, 1880, 467 Magnetographs, B. Stewart on the com¬ parison of the curves afforded by self- recording, at Kew and Lisbon, for July 1863, 1863, 25 - self-recording, J . B. Capello and Bal¬ four Stewart on the magnetic storm of the beginning of August 1865, as recorded by the, at the Kew and Lisbon Observatories, 1865, 20 - at Kern, Stony hurst, Coimbra, Lisbon , Vienna, and St. Petersburg , comparison of the curves of the declination, by Prof. W. G. Adams, 1880, 201 Magnetometer, W. W. H. Gee on a com¬ parison, 1887, 620 Magnets, the action of, on liquid jets, Prof. S. P. Thompson on, 1879, 257 - poles of, Captain Selwyn on some new arrangement of the, 1865, 17 - - steel used for permanent, W. H. Preece on the character of, 1890, 752 Magnus (Prof. H. G.) on emission, absorption, and reflection of obscure heat, 1869, 214 - (Sir P.) on manual training, 1886, 748 - on schools of commerce, 1887, 841 ♦MAGUIRE (Prof.) on the definitions of political economy, 1878, 667 Magyar and Fin languages, Hyde Clarke on the Himalayan origin of the, 1875, 172 Mahomed (Dr. F. A.) on the work of the Anthropometric Committee , 1880, 120; 1881,225; 1882,2 78; 1883,253 Main (D. D.) on the Newcastle and Gateshead Waterworks, 1863, 175 - (Philip T.), report on our ex¬ perimental knowledge of the properties of matter with respect to volume, pressure , temperature, and specific heat, 1886, 100 ; 1888, 465 ♦Main (Philip T.) and A. R. Catton on anew synthesis of ammonia, 1867, 40 - (Rev. R.), observations of R.A. and N.P.D. of Comet II. 1862, 1862, 15 ; on the dimensions and ellipticity of Mars, ib. - observations of shooting-stars made at the Radcliffe Observatory, 1868,422 - on the longitude of the Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford, as deduced from meridional observations of the moon made at Greenwich and Oxford in the years 1864-68, 1869, 18 ; on the dis¬ cordance usually observed between the results of direct and reflection-obser¬ vations of North Polar Distance, ib. ; remarks on the British Association Catalogue of Stars, 19 - on shooting-stars, 1870, 24 * - list of meteors observed at Oxford, 1875, 24 - (R.) on Navy finance, 1869, 196 Major (R. H.) on priority in discovery of the Madeira group, 1866, 112 - - on the landfall of Columbus, 1870, 171 ♦Major third, a practical method of tuning a, Sir W. Thomson on, 1876, 48 Malagasy, the origin of, C. S. Wake on, 1880, 62 o - race elements of the, C. S. Wake on, 1884, 922 Malaise (Prof. C.) on the Silurian formations of the centre of Belgium. 1870, 78 ♦Malar bone, Prof. G. Rolleston on a double, 1880, 604 Malay Archipelago, Alfred R. Wallace on the physical geography of the. 1863, 107 ; on the varieties of men in the, 147 - - Archipelago, the races of the, and the Indo-Chinese, Col. Yule on analo¬ gies of manners between, 1870, 178 - - Peninsula, H. Wise on a proposed railway across the, 1861, 201 ♦Malayo-Polynesians, some characteris¬ tics of the, Rev. S. J. Whitmee on, 1877, 122 *Maldanidce, the coloration of the anterior segments in the, Prof. A. Harker on, 1885, 1098 Maling (C. T.) on the manufacture of earthenware at Newcastle, 1863, 45 Mallet (Prof. J. W.) on the effect upon meteoric iron, as regards the capability of being forged, of previous heating to redness or whiteness in vacuo, 1872, 77 ; on the fusion of metallic arsenic, ib. ; on the occurrence of native sulphuric acid in Eastern Texas, 78 ; on the occurrence in recent pine-timber of Fichtelite, a hydrocarbon hitherto only known in a fossil state, 79 GENERAL INDEX. 265 Mallet (Prof. J. W.), preliminary notice of a re-determination of the atomic weight of gold, with some remarks on the present state of our knowledgeas to the determination of atomic weights in general, 1887, 635 ; on a partial separa¬ tion of the constituents of a solution during expansion by rise of tempera¬ ture, 649 - - (Robert) on the experiments made at Holyhead {North Wales') to ascertain the transit-velocity of waves, analogous to earthquake waves , through the Local rock formations , by command of the Royal Society and of the British Asso¬ ciation for the Advancement of Science, 1861, 201 - on the measurement of the tem¬ peratures of active volcanic foci to the greatest attainable depth, and of the temperature, state of saturation, and velocity of issue of the steam and vapours evolved, 1862, 33 - preliminary report on the experi¬ mental determ ination of the tempera¬ tures of volcanic foci , and of the tempera¬ ture, state of saturation, and velocity of the issuing gases and vapours, 1863, 20S *Malloch (A.) on a mode of produc¬ ing a sharp meridian shadow, 1875, 26 * - on the measurement of the height of clouds, 1877, 38 ; *on the molecular changes which take place in iron and steel while cooling, 42 - on a machine for ruling large diffraction gratings, 1882, 466 ; on a mechanical self-registering thermo¬ meter, 477 * - ..on the measurement of strains, 1890, 962 *Malm (Dr. A. W.) on the Upper Ter¬ tiary strata of the Bohusliin district, 1863, 191 Malt tax, some results of the removal of the, H. Stopes on, 1881, 765 *Malta, ossiferous caves in, Dr. Falconer on, 1862, 195 Maltese caverns, A. Leith Adams on the fossil fauna of the, 1876, 145 - fossiliferous caves, A. Leith Adams on, 1865,257; 1866,458; 1873, 185 Malthusian principle, an attempt at the more definite statement of the, by Rev. W. Cunningham, 1883, 603 - theory, E. Chadwick on the, 1888, 777 Malvern, queen of inland health resorts, and improved hygrometrical observa¬ tions, C. Piazzi Smyth on, 1885, 922 - the Crystalline Schists of, Dr. C. Callaway on the origin of, 1888, 653 - Hills, Dr. H. B. Holl on the Meta- morphic rocks of the, 1863, 70 - Hills, the crystalline axis of the, sketch of the geology of, by Dr. C. Callaway, 1888, 654 Mammalia, R. Garner on the encephalon of, 1861, 166 - evolution of the, an attempt to exhibit diagrammatically the several stages of, by G. E. Dobson, 1884, 768 - limbs in, comparison of the thoracic and pelvic, by R. Garner, 1870, 137 - Charles Martins sur une nouvelle comparaison des membres pelviens et thoraciques chez l’homme, les Mammi- fibres, les oiseaux et les reptiles, deduite de la torsion de l’humerus, 1867, 158 - — — liver in, Dr. Rolleston on the homo¬ logies of the lobes of the, 1861, 174 - liver in, Prof. W. H. Flower on the arrangement and nomenclature of the lobes of the, 1872, 150 - teeth of, Prof. W. PI. Flower on the homologies and notation of the, 1868, 1 15 - uterus after delivery in certain of the, Dr. Rolleston on the condition of the, 1863, 122 - Quaternary, W. Boyd Dawkins on the relation of the, to the Glacial period, 1871, 95 - Tertiary, Prof. A. Gaudry on the gigantic size of some extinct, 1888, 660 Mammalian fauna of North-West Amer¬ ica, R. Brown on the, 1869, 109 - foot, the intrinsic muscles of the, Dr. D. J. Cunningham on, 1878, 599 * - hand, the morphology of the long flexors of the digits of the, Prof. C. B. A. Windle on, 1889, 616 - molar teeth, the evolution of the, to and from the tritubercular type, H. F. Osborn on, 1888, 660 - - - teeth, E. R. Lankester and H. N. Moseley on the nomenclature of, 1868, 11 7 - remains, C. B. Rose on some, from the bed of the German Ocean, 1862, 91 • - - remains, H. S. Ellis on some, from the submerged forests in Barnstaple Bay, Devon, 1867, 59 Mammals, American Jurassic, Prof. 0. C. Marsh on, 1884, 734 - geographical distribution of certain, inhabiting continental and oceanic islands, some peculiarities in the, G. E. Dobson on, 1884, 770 - Pleistocene, Rev. J. F. Blake on additional remains of, in Yorkshire, 1873, 75 *Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, Dr. Rolleston on certain points in the anatomy of two animals from the, 1865, no Mammoth, IP. H. Howorth on the ex¬ tinction of the, 1869, 89 - in Siberia, H. H. Howorth on the, 1878, 571 266 GENERAL INDEX Mammouth, Prof, van Beneden sur les Chauves-souris de l’epoque du, et de l’epoque actaelle, 1871, 135 Man, the acclimatisation of, Dr. James Hunt on, 1861, 129 * - and the animals, being a counter theory to Mr. Darwin’s as to the ori¬ gin of species, Archdeacon Freeman on, 1869, 132 - the antiquity of, from the evidence of language, J. Crawfurd on, 1861, 1 9 1 - the antiquity of, John Crawfurd on, 1867, 1 14 * - the antiquity of, in relation to com¬ parative geology, C. S. Wake on, 1866, 97 - the antiquity of, Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins on the geological evidence as to, 1879, 399 - the antiquity of, in Ireland, W. J. Knowles on, 1883, 562 - and the ape, C. S. Wake on, 1871, 162 - in Britain, Dr. J. Beddoe on the need of systematic observations on the physical characters of, 1875,204 - cerebral and pedial characters of, Prof. Owen on the zoological signifi¬ cance of the, 1862, 116 - and the chimpanzee, some important points of comparison between, by Prof. D. J. Cunningham, 1885, 1226 - colour as a test of the raGes of, J. Crawfurd on, 1862, 143 — — colour of, Dr. J. Davy on the, 1866, 89 - - the commixture of the races of, John Crawfurd on, as affecting the progress of civilisation in E. Asia and the Malay and Polynesian Islands,1863,i35 * - on the complexion, hair, and eyes as tests of the races of man, J. Craw¬ furd on the, 1867, 114 - in the Crag, H. Stopes on traces of, 1881, 700 - the degeneracy of, Rev. J. Edkins on, 1874, 150 - the origin of civilisation and the primitive condition of, Sir John Lub¬ bock on, 1867, 1 18 ; 1869, 137 - - the evolution of, evidence as to the scene of, and the prospects of proving the same by paleontological discovery, W. S. Duncan on, 1882, 605 - and his faculties, Samuel Brown on the measurement of, 1871, 210 - the fixity of the types of, Rev. T. Farrar on, 1864, 143 - the hand in, C. Carter Blake on the syndactylous condition of, 1863, 98 - language as a test of the races of, J. Crawfurd on, 1862, 144 - - and other animals, the ligamentous action of the long muscles in. Dr. Cleland on, 1863, 1 1 1 Man, migration of, J. Crawfurd on the early, 1864, 143 * - new varieties of, Prof. D. Wilson on some American illustrations of, 1878, 583 * - past and present condition of, J. Reddie on the various theories of the, 1866, 1 1 5 * - plurality of the races of, J. Craw¬ furd on the, 1867, 114 * - the primitive status of, W. C. Dendy on, 1869, 130 * - the psychological differences which exist among the typical races of, Robert Dunn on, 1862, 144 - savage, poisoned arrows of, Dr. Har¬ ley on the, 1864, 144 - the supracondyloid process in, Prof. Struthers on the occurrence of, 1872, 156 Man (E. H.), a brief account of the Nicobar Indians, with special reference to the inland tribe of Great Nicobar, 1885, 1228 - on the funeral rites and ceremonies of the Nicobar islanders, 1888, 844 Manatus Vogelii. Dr. Baikie on the, 1 864, 88 Man by (Charles) on agricultural ma¬ chinery, 1869, 404 Manchester, the geological features of the neighbourhood of, E. W. Binney on, 1861, 109 - the flora of, L. H. Grindon on, 1861, 145 - the progress of, from 1840-60, David Chadwick on, 1861, 209 - gas-works, John Shuttleworth on the, 1861, 240 - the ash-pit system of, Aid. R. Rumney on, 1870, 224 - - Lydia E. Becker on statistics regarding the attendance and educa¬ tion of girls in the elementary schools of, 1872, 220 - — — phthisis centres in, A. Ransome on, 1887, 852 - Ship Canal, T. L. Williams on the. 1887, 868 - Ship Canal, plant and machinery in use on the, L. B. Wells on, 1888, 79 6 Manchooria, Colonel Sykes on modes of banking in, 1866, 134 Mangaia, South Pacific, Rev. W. W. Gill on coral-caves with human bones in stalagmite on, 1873, 144 Manganese, the alloys of tin, zinc, lead, copper, and other metals with, J. F. Allen on, 1870, 50 - the atomic weight of, Prof. J. Dewar and Dr. A. Scott on, 1881, 596: 1883, 459 - bronze, P. M. Parsons on, 1883, 378 GENERAL INDEX. 267 Manganese, Chilian, J. and Dr. H. S. Pattinson on, 1889, 537 - mining’ in Merionethshire, Dr. C. Le Neve Foster on, 1886, 665 - a new chlorine process without, H. Deacon on, 1870, 54 - new manufacturing process for the perpetual regeneration of, used in the manufacture of chlorine, Walter Weldon on a, 1867, 48 - nodules, and their occurrence on the sea-bottom, J. Y. Buchanan on, 1881, 583 * - oxide of, I. Lowthian Bell on a method of recovering sulphur and, used at Dieuze, near Nancy, France, 1867, 31 - the oxides of , V. H. Veley on, 1881, 582 - steel, the effect of oxidation on the magnetic properties of, by L. T. O’Shea, 1890, 753 Manganite of calcium, Walter Weldon on the manufacture of chlorine by means of perpetually regenerated, 1869, 79 Mangles (Capt.), third report on steam¬ ship performance, 1861, 190 Mangnema or Manyema of Dr. Living¬ stone, Hyde Clarke on the, 1872, 178 *Mangold-wurzel, Dr. Moore on grafted roots of, 1874, 134 Manitoba prairie soils, results illustra¬ ting the sources of fertility of, Sir J. B. Lawes and Dr. J. H. Gilbert on, 1884, 686 Mankind, notes on the geographical dis¬ tribution of, by Miss A. W. Buckland, I88L695 - - the primary divisions and geogra¬ phical distributions of, J. Dallas on, 1884, 924 - contributions to the remote history of, by A. Kfiroly, 1887, 91 1 - vocal and other influences upon, from pendency of the epiglottis, G. D. Gibb on, 1867, 101 Mann (Horace) on some statistics rela¬ ting to the Civil Service, 1868, 174 * - (Dr. R. J.) on the mental and moral characteristics of the Zulu Kaffirs of Natal, 1866, 96 - - on the Kaffirs of Natal, 1866, 112 ; on the physical geography and climate of Natal, 1 13 - on the resemblance and contrasts of the climates of the Mauritius and Natal, 1868, 21 ; abstract of meteoro¬ logical observations made at Pieter¬ maritzburg, Natal, 24 ; on the coal¬ field of Natal, 73 ; on the gold-field of South Africa, 137 ■ - on the provision existing in the United Kingdom for the vigorous prose¬ cution of physical research, 1869, 213 Mann (Dr. R. J.) on the rainfall of Natal, 1869, 41 ; *on the gold of Natal, 96 ; on Erskine’s discovery of the mouth of the Limpopo, 164 ; on assisted emigra¬ tion, 196 * - on the formation of sand bars, 1871, 184 Manners (Adm.) on mapping the surface of the moon, 1869, 76 Mannesmann process, F. Siemens on roll¬ ing seamless tubes from solid bars or ingots by the, 1888, 804 *Manphal (Pandit), report on Badako- lan, 1871, 184 *M ansel (R.) on the direct motion of steam-vessels, 1876, 227 * - on the law of the power required for different speeds of the same steam- vessel, illustrated, within the limits of experience, by a linear scale of their relation, 1879, 526 Mansion (Prof. P.), elementary solution of Huygens’s problem on the impact of elastic balls, 1875, 18 ; on the sin¬ gular solutions of differential equations of the first order which represent lines at infinity, 19 - elementary demonstration of a fundamental principle of the theory of functions, 1876, 26 Manson (Dr. P.) on the destiny of the filaria in the blood, 1882, 579 *Mantchuria, Capt. Fleming on the ethnology of Eastern, 1863, 136 Mantell (Capt. A. M.), recent explora¬ tions east of the Jordan, 1888, 743 Manual, or some form of technical in¬ struction a necessary element of a compulsory system of education, E. J. Watherston on, 1889, 712 - — — training, Sir P. Magnus on, 1886, 74S - training a main feature in national education, W. Mather on, 1887, 843 - training, an experiment at Keswick, Rev. H. D. Rawnsley on, 1887, 846 Manure, J. B. Lawes and Dr. J. H. Gil¬ bert on the accumulation of nitrogen of, in the soil, 1866, 40 4 Manure ' gravels of Wexford, report on the, 1887, 209; 1888,133; 1889,92; 1890, 410 Manures, report on field experiments on the constituents of, by Dr. A. Yoelcker , 1861, 158 - the effects of different, on the mixed herbage of grass land, J. B. Lawes and Dr. Gilbert on, 1862, 19 1 — — experiments with, on the barley crop of 1881, W. I. Macadam on, 1881, 602 Manuscript, a, perhaps Khita, discovered by Capt. Gill in Western China, Hyde Clarke on, 1880, 621 Manville (E), Series electrical traction (Northfleet tramways), 1889, 742 268 GENERAL INDEX. Manx of the Isle of Man, Dr. King on the, 1870, 153 Maori customs, notes on, by C. E. Peek, 1883, 590 - races in New Zealand, W. S. W. Vaux on the origin of the, 1875, 178 Maories of New Zealand, Col. Sir J. E. Alexander on the, 1864, 136 Map-producing, processes of, Capt. J. Waterhouse on, 1878, 628 *Maps of the world, G-. H. Darwin on a portable globe, and on some, 1873, 1 67 - - and plans, Capt. Abney on the re¬ production of, in the field, 1874, 183 - perspective and common, A. W. Clayden on, 1888, 740 f - topographic, produced by the United States Geological Survey, notes on, by G. K. Gilbert, 1888, 747 *Maranon, M. A. Wertherman on the exploration of the headwaters of the, 1871, 190 Marble commerce of Thasos, the ancient , J. Theodore Bent on, 1887, 201 Marbles, serpentine, of Connemara and Joyce’s country, Prof. Harknesson the, 1865, 59 — from the Island of Tyree, E. C. C. Stanford on, 1870, 64 - - and other ornamental rocks of the Mediterranean, W. Brindley on the, 1890, 809 Marcet (M. F.), Dr. Daubeny’s reply to the remarks of, on the power of selec¬ tion ascribed to the roots of plants, 1862, 98 - - (Dr. William) on the nutrition of muscular and pulmonary tissue in health and in phthisis, with remarks on the colloid condition of matter, 1871, 140 March (Dr. H. C.), the early Neolithic floor of East Lancashire, 1887, 912 - some Neolithic details, 1890, 9 77 *Marcoartu (A. de) on the application of telegraphy to navigation and me¬ teorology, 1873, 43 * - on Spanish mining, 1876, 207 - on a proposed international con¬ gress to diminish the casualties at sea, 1882, 653 - - the commercial relations of Canada with Spain and her colonies, 1884, 870 - - the diminution of casualties at sea, 1885, 1201 - the resources and progress of Spain during the last fifty years of represen¬ tative government in connection with the British Empire, 1886, 784 Marey’s new sphygmograph, Dr. J. Hughes Bennett on, 1864, 119 *Marganza, the Rev. J. L. Proctor on the, 1863, 146 *Margary (P. J.) on the Saltash bridge, 1877, 217 Marine animal, Dr. Sclater on an ap¬ parently new, from the North Pacific, 1872, 140 * - azimuth mirror and its adjust¬ ments, Sir W. Thomson on a, 1877, 43 - Biological Stations on the coast of the United Kingdom , report of the Com¬ mittee on the establishment of, 1885, 480 - Biological Association laboratory at Plymouth, the, report of the Com¬ mittee for making arrangements for assisting, 1887, 59; 1888, 94; *1889, 642 ; 1890, 444 ; reports to the Com¬ mittee, by Mr. M. F. Woodward, 1890, 445; by Mr. W. G. Ridewood, 446; by Mr. E. A. Minchin, ib. - Biological Station at Granton, Scot¬ land, report of the Committee for aiding in the maintenance of the establishment of a, 1885,474; 1886, 251; 1887, 91; 1888, 319 ; reports to the Committee, by J. T. Cunningham, 1887, 92 ; by Dr. Ft. B. Mill , 93 — - boilers, Thomas Richardson and T. W. Bunning on the use of fuel in, 1863, 53 - fauna and flora of the south coast of Devon and Cornwall, report on the, 1865, 51; 1867, 275; 1869, 84; 1872, 48; 1881, 198 . - fauna of shallow seas, the influence of wave-currents on the, A. R. Hunt on, 1883, 540 * - fauna, the limit between the con¬ tinental and abyssal, Rev. A. Merle Norman on, 1889, 628 * - ■ forms, some new and remarkable, at St. Andrews marine laboratory, Prof. McIntosh on, 1887, 760 - - life, the various forms of, on the coasts and rivers of North America , report on the aid given by the Dominion Government and the Government of the United States to the investigation of, 1885, 479 - propulsion, W. R. Eckart on, 1872, 243 - zoology of South Devon, report on the exploration of the, 1879, 165 ; 1880, 160 ; 1881, 198 ^Mariner’s compass, Sir W. Thomson on improvements in the, 1874, 231 * - the, with correctors for iron ships, Sir W. Thomson on, 1877, 218 *Markham (Clements R.) on the culti¬ vation of cinchona in India, 1863, 19 1 ; 1866, 75 - on the Arctic Highlanders, 1865, 90 ; on the North Polar exploration, 123 - on the Aleppy mud bank, 1866, 113 GENERAL INDEX. 260 Markham (Clements R.) on the physical geography of the portion of Abyssinia traversed by the English expeditionary force, 1868, 138 - on the Eastern Cordillera, and the navigation of the river Madeira, 1871, 1 84 ; on the geographical position of the tribes which formed the empire of the Yncas, 185 - on the preparation of brief forms of instructions for travellers , ethnologists , 4'c., 1873, 482; 1874, 214 * - on recent Arctic explorations, 1873, 172 * - report on the progress of the Arctic expedition, and on the proceedings of H.M.S. ‘Valorous,’ 1875, 193 - Address to the Geographical Section, 1879, 420; on Indian marine surveys, 453 - on the progress of Arctic research since the foundation of the British Association, 1881, 743 — — on the desirability of further re¬ search in the Antarctic regions , 1886, 2 77 - (Capt.) on a visit to the Galapagos Islands in H.M.S. ‘Triumph,’ 1880, 665 Marley (John) on the discovery of rock- salt in the New Red Sandstone at Mid- dlesborough, 1863, 82 j - and Prof. G. A. Lebour, sketch of the rise and progress of the Cleveland and South Durham salt industry, and on the extension of the Durham coal¬ field, 1889, 580 * - (J.), N. Wood, J. Taylor, and J. W. Pease on coal, coke, and coal¬ mining in Northumberland and Dur¬ ham, 1863, 191 Marmalade trade, C. C. Maxwell on the, of Dundee, 1867, 143 Marocco, J. Stirling on a visit to the holy city of Fas, in, 1869, 168 * - J. Stirling on the races of, 1869, 151 Marr (J. E.) on some sections in the Lower Palasozoic rocks of the Craven district, 1881, 650 - - on the Lower Palaeozoic rocks near Settle, 1886, 663 - some effects of pressure on the sedi¬ mentary rocks of North Devon, 1887, 706 - - - dynamic metamorpliism of Skiddaw slates, 1889, 568 - on the best methods for the registra¬ tion of all type specimens of fossils in the British Bdes, 1890, 339 Marriage, the probability that a, entered into at any age, will be fruitful, and that a marriage which has been child¬ less for several years will subsequently become fruitful, T. B. Sprague on, 1884, 866 Marriage customs of the New Britain group, Rev. B. Danks on, 1888, 847 - and descent, the laws of, Dr. E. B. Tylor on a method of investigating, 1888, 840 — — laws of the United Kingdom, the required amendment in the, the Rev. Dr. Ace on, 1880, 672 - laws of the North American tribes. Major J. W. Powell on the, 1884, 91 1 - J. J. Murphy on M‘Lennan’s theory of primitive, 1874, 156 Marriott (W.) on the separation of am¬ monia from coal-gas, 1861, 86 * - on the estimation of sulphur in coal-gas, 1870, 60 - on a method of obtaining ammonia. from shoddy and allied substances, 1882, 500 Mars, Rev. R. Main on the dimensions and ellipticity of, 1862, 15 - Prof. Hennessy on the possible con¬ nection between the ellipticity of, and the general appearance of its surface, 1864, 5 *Marsh gas, Prof. Dewar on liquid, 1883, 464 Marsh (Capt. H. C.) on a journey over¬ land to India in 1872, via Meshed, Herat, Candahar, and the Boulan Pass, 1877, 148 - (J. E.) *011 closed-chain formula;, 1888, 631 ; ton Van’t Hoff’s hypothesis and the constitution of benzene, ib. - and Prof. W. Odling- on some xenoene or diphenyl products and re¬ actions, 1887, 646 * - and R. Stockdale, the production of camphor from turpentine, 1890, 785 -- — (Prof. O. C.), Jurassic birds and their allies, 1881, 661 - on American Jurassic mammals, 1884, 734; on the classification and affinities of Dinosaurian reptiles, 763 - ^discovery of anurous amphibia. in the Jurassic deposits of America, 1885, 1033 ; on the size of the brain in extinct animals, 1065 - ^comparison of the principal forms of Dinosauria of Europe and America, 1888, 660 ; restoration of Brontops robustus , from the Miocene of America, 706 - on the gigantic Ceratopsidas (or horned dinosaurs) of North America, 1890, 793 ; on the Cretaceous mammals of North America, 853 Marshall (Prof. A. Millies) on the poly¬ morphism of Alcyonaria , 1883, 529* on two new dredging machines, 540 - on the mutual relation of the recent groups of echinoderms, 1884, 768 - on the occupation of a table at the zoological station at Naples, 1884, 2 ,,2, 270 GENERAL INDEX. 256; 1885,466; 1886, 254; 1887, 77 ; 1888, 150; 1889, 95; 1890, 449 Marshall (Prof. A. Milnes) on the desirability of combined action for the translation of foreign memoirs , 1887, 41 ; on arrangements for assisting the Marine Biological Association laboratory at Plymouth , 59 ; on the provincial museums of the United Kingdom , 97; 1888, 124; on the herds of mild cattle in Chartley Park and, other parks in Great Britain, 1887 , 135 - on the development of the oviduct and connected structures in certain fresh-mater Teleostei , 1888, 338 ; 1889, 95 - Address to the Biological Section, 1890, 826 * - and E. J. Bles on variability in development, 1890, 861 - - (Prof. Alfred) on the best methods of ascertaining and measuring variations in the value of the monetary standard , 1887, 247; 1888, 181 ; 1889, 133; 1890, 485 - on the statistical data available for determining the amount of the precious metals in use as money , #c., 1888, 219 ; 1889, 164; 1890, 498 - Address to the Section of Economic Science and Statistics, 1890, 898 - (D. H.) on the investigation of cer¬ tain physical constants of solution, espe¬ cially the expansion of saline solutions , 1885, 261 ; 1886, 207 ; 1887, 48 - and Prof. W. L. Goodwin on the physical constants of solutions, 1884, 679 - (F. H.), description of a trompe or blowing-engine for giving a supply of coal-gas under pressure for sensitive flames, 1874, 42 - (Prof. J.) onthe treatment and utili¬ sation of sewage, 1870, 49 - (J. G.) on the relation of the Esk- clale granite at Bootle to the schistose rocks, with remarks on the general metamorphic origin of granite, 1861, 11 7 - - (W. B.) *on the ‘ Serve’ tube, 1890, 950 ; on the simplex brake, ib. ; on fac¬ tors of safety, 960 - - (W. P.) on the Martini-Henry and Westley-Richards rifles, 1870, 221 _ on American and English railways in reference to couplings, buffers, and gauge, with a suggested improvement in couplings, 1886, S02 *Marsham (Hon. E.) on two ascents of the volcano of Misti, 1863, 143 ♦Marsupial bones, Prof. D’A. W. Thomp¬ son on, 1886, 71 1 ♦Marsupials, the foetal membranes of the, W. H. Caldwell on, 1884, 768 Marten (E. B.) on boiler explosions, 1870, 222 - on the circulation of underground maters, 1882, 213; 1883, 147; 1884, 96; 1885, 380; 1886, 235, 238; 1887, 358; 1888, ?45 ; 1889, 7" 1890, 352 - - the Birmingham canal, 1886, 772; the Stourbridge canal, 773 ; boiler ex¬ plosions, 823; the drainage of surface works in the South Staffordshire mines, 824 - (H.) on the circulation of under¬ ground maters, 1883, 147 ♦Martin (E.) on a new self-recording aneroid barometer, 1869, 51 - (Capt. G.) on the Kuram valley, 1879, 445 - (H.).les races anciennes de lTrlande. 1878, 585 * - (Prof. H. N.) on some new methods of investigating the physiology of the mammalian heart, 1882, 578 - (J. B.), gold versus goods, 1883, 625 — — media of exchange : some notes on the precious metals and their equiva¬ lents, 1884, 837 - Address to the Section of Economic Science and Statistics, 1886, 737 - - on the best methods of ascertaining and measuring variations in the value of the monetary standard, 1 887, 247 ; 1888, 181 ; 1889, 133; 1890, 485 - on the statistical data available for determining the amount of the precious metals in use as money, S)C., 1888, 219 ; 1889, 164; 1890, 498 - (Dr. S.) on plant digestion, especi¬ ally as occurring in Carica papaya , 1885, 107S ♦ - (Mrs. V. C. W.) on the ideal aim of the economist, 1890, 928 - (Prof. W. H.) and W. H. Howell on the coagulation of blood, 1884, 774 Martini-Henry and Westley- Richards rifles, W. P. Marshall on, 1870, 21 1 Martins (Prof. Charles) sur une nou- velle comparaison des membres pel- viens et thoraciques chez l'homme, les mammiferes, les oiseaux et les reptiles, deduite de la torsion de l’humerus, 1867, 158; sur les racines aeriferes ou vessies natatoires, la synonymie et la distribution geogra- phique de quelques especes aquatiques du genre Jussicea , 163 - et Edouard Collomb sur l’ancien glacier de la vallee d’Argeles dans les Pyrenees, 1867, 66 ♦Martius (Dr. C. A.), exhibition of a new class of colouring matters, 1887, 641 Martyn (Dr.) on some new researches on the anatom}7 of the skin, 1875, 169 ♦Marvar tribes of India, Dr. J. Shortt on GENERAL INDEX. 271 the habits and manners of the, 1866, 97 Masaki (Taiso) on the German and other systems of teaching the deaf to speak, 1880, 216 Mascarene Islands , report by Alfred New¬ ton on the extinct birds of the Mascarene Islands , 1866, 401 ; 1867, 287 ; 1872, 23 - and Seychelles Islands, I. B. Balfour on the Pandanem of the, 1876, 144 - Islands, I. B. Balfour on the geo¬ logical structure and flora of the, 1875, 157 Mascart (Prof. E.) *surles perturbations magnetiques en France, 1890, 751 ; *op- tique mineralogique — achromatisme des franges, 752 Maskelyne (Prof. N. M. Story; on aero¬ lites, 1862, 188 - on crystals of melaconite, and on tenorite, 1865, 33 - localities of dioptase, 1871, 74 ; on andrewsite, 75 - on the manner in which rudimen¬ tary science should be taught, and how examinations should be held therein, in elementary schools, 1881, 148 - on the workings of the proposed revised New Code, and of other legis¬ lation affecting the teaching of science in elementary schools , 1882, 307 ; 1883, 309 — — on the teaching of science in elemen¬ tary schools, 1884, 283 ; 1885, 692 ; 1886, 278; 1887, 163; 1888, 164; 1889, 131 ; 1890, 489 Mason (Miss C. M.), home education in its bearing on technical education, 1887, 846 - (Hugh) on steam-boiler explosions, 1869,47; 1870, 1; 1871, 166; 1872,57 * - (J. E.), the Fiji Islands, 1886, 731 * - (Septimus) on a locomotive for common roads, 1861, 269 - (S.) on the depreciation of silver and a gold standard for India, 1876, 207 Massagetas and Sacae, H. H. Ho worth on the, 1870, 151 Masson (Dr. Orme) on sulphine salts de¬ rived from ethylene sulphide, 1885, 974 ^Masters (H.) on a sewer-trap, 1875, 250 - - (Maxwell T.) on the relation between pinnate and palmate leaves, 1861, 148 - on certain influences regulating the forms of leaves, &c., 1863, 97 - on polliniferous ovules in a rose, 1867, 93 - on the relative value of the charac¬ ters employed in the classification of plants, 1869, 114 - - note on the floral symmetry of the genus Cypripedium , 1886, 706 Matabeleland and the country between the Zambezi and the Limpopo, Capt. C. E. Haynes on, 1887, 802 Mathematical and Physical Science, Ad¬ dresses by the Presidents of the Sec¬ tion of : — Manchester : G. B. Airy, 1861, 1 Cambridge : Prof. G. G. Stokes, 1862, 1 Newcastle-on-Tyne : Prof. W. J. M. Rankine, 1863, 1 *Bath : Prof. A. Cayley, 1864 Birmingham : W. Spottiswoode, 1865, 1 ^Nottingham : Prof. C. Wheatstone, 1866 Dundee: Sir William Thomson, 1867, 1 Norwich : Prof. J. Tyndall, 1868, 1 Exeter: Prof. J. J. Sylvester, 1869, 1 Liverpool: Prof. J. Clerk Maxwell, 1870, 1 Edinburgh: Prof. P. G. Tait, 1871, 1 Brighton : Dr. Warren de la Rue, 1872, 1 Bradford: Prof. H. J. S. Smith, 1873, 1 Belfast : Prof. J. H. Jellett, 1874, 1 Bristol : Prof. Balfour Stewart, 1875, 1 Glasgow : Sir William Thomson, 1876, 1 Plymouth: Prof. G. Carey Foster, 1877, 1 ^Dublin: Rev. Prof. G. Salmon, 1878 Sheffield: G. Johnstone Stoney, 1879, 243 Swansea : Prof. W. G. Adams, 1880, 447 York: Sir William Thomson, 1881, 513 Southampton : Lord Rayleigh, 1882, 437 Southport : Prof. Henrici, 1883, 393 Montreal : Sir William Thomson, 1884, 613 Aberdeen: Prof. G. Chrystal, 1885, 889 Birmingham: Prof. G. H. Darwin, 1886, 51 1 Manchester : Sir R. S. Ball, 1887, 569 Bath : Prof. G. F. FitzGerald, 1888, 557 Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Capt. W. de W. Abney, 1889, 481 Leeds: Dr. W. J.L.Glaisher, 1890, 719 Mathematical functions, the possibility of calculating tables of certain, report on , 1889, 28 - notation and printing , report on, 1875, 337 - symbols, W. H. L. Russell on a cer¬ tain class of, 1863, 1 - tables, report on, 1873, 1 ; 1875, 305 ; GENERAL INDEX. 970 mad. I md 1878, 172; 1879, 46; 1880, 30; 1881, 303 ; 1883, 1 18 Mathematical tables, contributions to the report on, by Prof. B. de Haan, 1871, 16 - theory of combined streams, J. W. M. Rankine on the, 1870, 18 Mathematics and physics , the progress of the chief branches of, report of the Committee for endeavouring to procure reports on, 1879, 37 Mather (W.), manual training a main feature in national education, 1887, 843 Mathesox (J., jun.) on the silver di¬ lemma, 1876, 207 Matricaria inodora, Prof. A. Dickson on two monstrosities of, 1876, 143 * Matter, chemical views on the constitu¬ tion of, Prof. A. W. Williamson on, 1883, 459 - kinetical theory of, T. M. Lindsay and W. R. Smith on Democritus and Lucretius, a question of priority in the, 1871,30 - properties of, report on our experi¬ mental knowledge of the, with respect to volume , pressure, temperature, ar.d specific heat, by P. T. Main, 1886, 100; 1888, 465 - speculations on the continuity of the fluid state of, and the relations between the gaseous, the liquid, and solid states, by Prof. J. Thomson, 1871, 30 ; 1872, 24 f Mathews (C. E.), the water supply of Birmingham, 1886, 817 * - (G. S.) on the ascent of Mont Blanc by the Glacier de Brenva, 1865, 19 1 - (W., jun.) on serious inaccuracies in the great survey of the Alps, south of Mont Blanc, as issued by the Govern¬ ment of Sardinia, 1862, 147 - [W.] on the Halesowen district of the South Staffordshire coal-field, 1886, 625 Matterhorn, Edward Whymper on the structure of the, 1865, 76 Matteucci (Prof. C.) on electrical earth currents, 1866, 463 Matthew (G. F.), the geological age of the Acadian fauna, 1884, 742 ; the primitive Conocoryphean, 743 * - - (Patrick), employer and employed — capital and labour, 1867, 143 Matthews (J. D.) on wool plugs and sterilised fluids, 1883, 531 Matthiessen (Dr. A.) on vesicular structure in copper, 1861, 92 - report on standards of electrical re¬ sistance, 1862, 125; 1863, ill; 1864, 345; 1865,308; i 7, 474; 1869, 434 ; 18 70, 14; on the riation of the elec¬ trical > esistance of alloys due to change of temj erature, 1862, 136; on the elec¬ trical ermanency of nwtals and alloys, 1862, 139; 1863, 124; 1864, 351; on the reproduction of electrical standards by chemical means, 1862, 141 ; 1864, 352 ; report on the chemical nature of alloys, 1863, 37 ; on the variation of the electric resistance of alleys due to change of temperature, 1863, 127 Matthiessex (Dr. A.) on the constitu¬ tion and rational formula of narcotine, 1863, 46 - - on the construction of the copies of the British Association unit, 1865, 31 1 - on the chemical nature of cast-iron, 1866, 11 ; 1868, 342 ; 1869, 82 ; 1870, 14 - on the preparation of pure iron , 1869, 82 - and Dr. W. J. Russell on the vesi¬ cular structure of copper, 1868, 38 * - and C. R. Wright on the action of hvdrochloric acid on morphia codeia, 1869, 69 *Mauxd (E. A.), Zambesia, 1890, 892 Mauxoir (C.) on the International Con¬ gress of Geographical Sciences, 1874, 184 Mauritius, Charles Meldrum on the me¬ teorology of, 1867, 108; temperature of , 109; elastic force of vapour at, ill ; humidity, 1 1 2 ; atmospheric pressure at. 1 13 ; pressure of dry air at . 1 14 ; direc¬ tion and veering of the wind at, 1 1 5 - force of the wind at, 1 1 6 ; amount of cloud at, 117 ; rainfall of, ib. ; thunder and lightning at, 1 1 9 ; gales and hurri¬ canes at, 1 19 - C. Meldrum on storm--warnings in, 1868, 30 * - the diurnal variations of the baro¬ meter and wind in, C. Meldrum on, 1877, 39 * - the tides of, Capt. Evans and Sir W. Thomson on, 1877, 40 - - and Natal, Dr. R. J. Mann on the resemblance and contrasts of the cli¬ mates of, 1868, 21 Maurolicus pennanti (the British pearl- sides), the so-called luminous organs of, E. E. Prince on. 1887, 769 Maury (Captain M. F.) on the import¬ ance of an expedition to the Antarctic regions for meteorological and other scientific purposes, 1861, 65 - on the physical geography of Ni¬ caragua with reference to interoceanic transit, 1867, 125 Maury barometer, F. T. Mott on the, a new instrument for measuring alti¬ tudes, 1869, 51 Mayor (J.) on wage statistics and theories, 1888, 7 57 Maw (George) on some fossiliferous strata occurring betwmen the Bimter Sandstone and Mountain Limestone of the Yale of Clwyd, North Wales, 1S65V 67 ; on an extensive distribution of GENERAL INDEX. 273 -white sands and clays in North Wales antecedent to the boulder clay drift, 68 Maw (George) on the Cambrian rocks of Llanberis, with reference to a break in the conformable succession of the Lower bed, 18G7, 70; on covered life¬ boats, 1 56 - on the rate of increase of under¬ ground temperature , 1868, 510; 1869, t 76; 1870, 29; 1871, 14; 1872, 128; 1873, 252 ; 1875, 14, 156 ; 1876, 204 - - on the sequence of the deposits in Norfolk and Suffolk superior to the Red Crag, 1868, 73 ; on the occurrence of Lastrea rig Ida in North Wales, 105 - on the trappean conglomerates of Middletown Hill, Montgomeryshire, 1869, 96 ; on insect-remains and shells from the Lower Bagshot leaf-bed of Studland Bay, Dorsetshire, 97 - on the evidences of recent changes of level on the Mediterranean coast, 1870, 79 - on the erratic Moolis of England and Wales , 1874, 192 ; 1875, 82 Maxwell (Charles C.) on the confec¬ tionery and marmalade trade of Dun¬ dee, 1867, 143 - (Prof. J. Clerk), report on standards of electrical resistance , 1863, 1 1 1 ; 1864, .345, 35o; 1865, 308; 1867, 474 5 1869, 434 ; 1870, 14 ; on the elementary rela¬ tions between electrical measurements, 1863, 130; description of an experi¬ mental measurement of electrical resist¬ ance, 163 - on a real-image stereoscope, 1867, 1 1 ; on the theory of diagrams of forces as applied to roofs and bridges, 156 - on the rate of increase of under¬ ground temperature, 1868, 510; 1869, 1 76; 1870, 29; 1871, 14; 1872, 128; 1873, 252; 1875, 14, 156; 1876,204; 1877, 194; 1878, 178; 1879, 40 - experiments on the value of v, the ratio of the electromagnetic to the electrostatic unit if electricity , 1869, 436 - Address to the Mathematical and Physical Section, 1870, 1 ; on hills and dales, 17 ; on colour- vision at different points of the retina, 40 - on Siemens’s electrical-resistance pyrometer, 1872, 134; 1874, 242 - on dynamical and electrical units, 1873, 222 ; on science lectures and or¬ ganisation, 507 - on the final state of a system of molecules in motion subject to forces of any kind, 1873, 29; on the relation of geometrical optics to other branches -of mathematics and physics, 38 - on the selection and nomenclature of dynamical and electrical units , 1871, 255 Maxwell (Prof. J. Clerk) on the appli¬ cation of Kirchhoff’s rules for electric circuits to the solution of a geometri¬ cal problem, 1874, 18 - - on Ohm's law, 1876, 36 ; on the me¬ chanical equivalent of heat, 1876, 275 ; 1878, 102 ; 1879, 36 - on the protection of buildings from lightning, 1876, 43 - on the elasticity of mires, 1878, 103 ; 1879, 33 ; on the progress of the chief branches of mathematics and physics, 1879, 37 * Maxwell’s theory of electricity, a hy¬ pothesis concerning the ether in con¬ nection with, Dr. O. J. Lodge on, 1879, 258 — — - equations for the electromagnetic action of moving electricity, Prof. FitzGerald on, 1883, 404 * - equations of electromagnetic waves, Prof. H. A. Rowland on a modi¬ fication of, 1888, 617 *Mayers (W. F.) on the Panthays of Yunnan, 1872, 21 1 *Mayne (Commander R. C.) on Vancou¬ ver’s Island, 1862, 195 - - [Captain R. C.] on the Straits of Magellan and the passages leading- northward to the Gulf of Penas, 1869, 164 - - (Messrs. Wallace and) on a Peruvian expedition up the rivers Ucayali and Pachitea, 1867, 1 3 1 Meacham (F. G.) and H. Insley, notes on the rocks between the thick coal and the Trias north of Birmingham and the old South Staffordshire coal-field, 1886, 626 Meade (R.), statistics of the production and value of coal raised within the British Empire, 1886, 646 Measure of value in direct taxation, report on a common, 1878, 220 Measures, Prof. W. J. M. Rankine on units of, 1864, 188 - - of length, James Yates on mural standards for exhibiting the, legalised in the United Kingdom, 1865, 159 - report ontlie best means of providing for a uniformity of weights and, with reference to the interests of science, 1863, 162 ; 1865, 375 ; 1866, 352 ; 1867, 46S ; 1868,484; 1869,308; 1870, 232 ; 1871, 198 ; 1872, 25 ; 1874, 359 ; 1884, 27 *Meat, preserved, Dr. Edward Smith on the economic and nutritive value of, 1872, 227 - the production and consumption of, in the United Kingdom, Major P. G. Craigie on, 1884, 841 Mecanique moleculaire, sur Tapplication de l’analyse spectrale a la, par Dr. J. Janssen, 1888, 547 T 274 GENERAL INDEX. Mechanical Science, Addresses of the Presidents of the Section of : — Manchester: J. F. Bateman, 1861, 250 Cambridge : Wm. Fairbairn, 1802, 178 *Newcastle-on-Tyne : Eev. Prof. E. Willis, 1863 Bath: J. Hawkshaw, 1864, 183 Birmingham : Sir W. G. Armstrong, 1865, 164 Nottingham : T. Hawksley, 1866, 139 Dundee : Prof. W. J. M. Eankine, 1867, 149 Norwich : G. P. Bidder, 1868, 180 Exeter : C. W. Siemens, 1869, 200 ^Liverpool : C. B. Yignoles, 1870 Edinburgh : Prof. Fleeming Jenkin. 1871, 225 Brighton: F. J. Bramwell, 1872,227 Bradford : W. H. Barlow, 1873, 200 Belfast : Prof. James Thomson, 1874, 212 Bristol: W. Froude, 1875, 221 Glasgow : C. W. Merrifield, 1876, 21 1 Plymouth: Edward Woods, 1877, 186 Dublin : Edward Easton, 1878, 679 Sheffield : J. Bobinson, 1879, 495 Swansea : Jas. Abernethy, 1880, 688 York: SirW. G. Armstrong, 1881, 767 Southampton: John Fowler, 1882, 655 Southport : James Brunlees, 1883, 635 Montreal : Sir F. J. Bramwell, 1S84, 875 Aberdeen: B. Baker, 1885, 1182 Birmingham ; Sir J. N. Douglass, 1886, 786 Manchester: Prof. Osborne Eeynolds, 1887, 855 Bath: W. JET. Preece, 1888, 781 Newmastle-upon-Tyne : W. Ander¬ son, 1889, 718 Leeds, Captain A. Noble, 1890, 930 Mechanical engineering , some of the de¬ velopments of, during the last half cen¬ tury, Sir F. J. Bramwell on, 1881, 494 - — equivalent of heat, report of the Com¬ mittee appointed to determine the, 1876, 275 ; 1878, 102 ; 1879, 36 — - equivalent of heat, experiments on the, on a large scale, by E. A. Conper and W. Anderson, 1887, 562 - integrator for the calculation of ^(fidx + Ydy) along an arbitrary path, suggestion of a, bv Prof. Cayley, 1877, 18 - pathology considered in its relation to bridge design, G. H. Thomson on, 1888, 793 _ principle, a newT, certain practical applications of, Prof. H. S. H. Shaw on, 1884, 631 Mechanical self-registering apparatus for barometer, thermometer, rain, and wind gauges, N. L. Lonsdale on, 1875, 260 * - stoking, J. Smith on, 1870, 220 * - theory of heat, kinetic elasticity as illustrating the, Prof. O. Eeynolds on, 1884, 622 - tracing of curves, W. H. L. Bussell on, 1869, 15 Mechanics’ Institutions, E. Eenals on the influence of science classes in, 1866, 131 - Institutions an^l the Elementary Education Bill, E. Bienalson, 1870, 200 Mechanics, fundamental units of, report of the Committee for considering the desirability of introducing a uniform nomenclature for the, and for co-operat¬ ing with other bodies engaged in similerr work, 1888, 27 ; *1889, 516 ^Mechanism, exhibition of a, by Profs. Barr and W. Stroud, 1890, 962 ^Medical profession, Miss Beedy on re¬ form in the work of the, 1874, 192 Medicinal mud of the island of Ischia. Dr. T. L. Phipson on the, 1864, 38 Medicines, Dr. H. Bence Jones on the chemical action of, 1866, 38 - Dr. William Sharp on the physio¬ logical action of, 1866, 92 Mediterranean, list of Mollusc a which are common to the North Sea and the, 1868, 234 — — coast, the evidences of recent changes ' V_/ of level on the, G. Maw on, 1870, 79 - W. Boyd Dawkins on the physical geography of the, during the Pleisto¬ cene age, 1872, 100 - Dr. Carpenter on the physical geo- graphyof the, considered in relation to that of the Black Sea and the Caspian. 1873, 163 - J. Gwyn Jeffreys on the Mollusca of the, 1873, hi ; 1880, 601 Medusa, a peculiar, from St. Andrews Bay, note on, by Prof. McIntosh, 1886. 710 Medusas, hydroid, Prof. Allman on the structure of certain, 1867, 77 - (naked-eyed), C. W. Peach on, found at Peterhead and Wick and other Bri¬ tish localities, 1867, 96 - physiology of the nervous system of. G. J. Eomanes on the, 1876, 1 5*8 ; *1878, 601 Medusoids, Eev. T. Hincks on the pro¬ duction of similar, by certain hydroid polypes belonging to different genera. 1862, 107 Meenas, a wild tribe of Central India, Lieut. -Col. Showers on the, 1864, 147 * Megacarpcea, Dr. Moore on a monstrous state of, 1874, 134 Megaceros hibernicus, J. B. Jukes on cer- GENERAL INDEX. 27 5 tain markings on some of the bones of a, lately found in Ireland, 1863, 8i MegaXichthys from Lanarkshire coal¬ field, Prof. Young on, 1869, ioi Megalit.hic circles, Lieut.-Col. F. Leslie on, 1871, 154 - monuments, A. L. Lewis on the builders and the purposes of, 1869, 137 - monuments of Britain, the builders of the, A. L. Lewis on, 1870, 153 *Meikle (James) on the mode of asses¬ sing for the poor-rates, 1871, 213 *Meiklejohn (J. M. D.) on the economic use of endowments, 1873, 196 *Meissel (Dr.) on some formula} con¬ nected with Bessel’s functions, 1889,498 *Mekran, Capt. B. Lovett on the interior of, 1871, 180 * - Major Ross on a journey through, 1871, 189 Melaconite, Prof. Maskelyne on crystals of, and on tenorite, 1865, 33 Melanesia, social regulations in, Rev. R. H. Codrington on, 1888, 843 Melbourne telescope, the Rev. Dr. Robin¬ son on the appearance of the nebula in Argo as seen in the great, 1869, 20 Meldola (R.) on the investigation of the Loughton Camp , 1882, 274 ; 1883, 243 - on local scientific societies , 1883, 318 - colouring matters of the diazo group, 1883, 455 ; local science socie¬ ties and the minor prehistoric remains of Britain, 571 - [Prof. R.], Report of the Correspond¬ ing Societies Committee , 1885, 708; 1886, 285 ; 1887, 459 ; 1888, 255 ; 1889, 187 ; 1890, 55 - on the present methods of teaching chemistry, 1888, 73 ; 1889, 228 ; 1890, 265 - on the prehistoric inhabitants of the British Inlands, 1888, 289 ; 1889, 318 ; 1890, 548 - on the advisability and possibility of establish ing in other parts of the country observations upon the prevalence of earth tremors similar to those now being made in Durham, 1888, 522 - evidence of the tetravalency of oxygen derived from the constitution of the azonaphthol-compounds, 1888, 635 - diazoamido-compounds : a study in chemical isomerism, 1890, 780 Meldometer, J. Joly on the, 1888, 564 Meldrum (C.) on the meteorology of the Island of Mauritius, 1867, 108 - on the gales and hurricanes of the Indian Ocean south of the equator, 1867, 21 - on synoptic weather-charts of the Indian Ocean, 1868, 28 ; on storm- warnings in Mauritius, 30 Meldrum (C.) on a periodicity in the frequency of cyclones in the Indian Ocean south of the equator, 1872, 56 - on a periodicity of cyclones and rain¬ fall in connection with the sunspot periodicity , 1873, 466 ; 1874, 218 ; 1876, 267 * - on the diurnal variations of the barometer and wind in Mauritius, 1877, 39 — — report on sunspots and rainfall, 1878, 230 - a tabular statement of the dates at which, and the localities where , pumice or volcanic dust was seen in the Indian Ocean in 1883-84, 1885, 773 - *daily synoptic charts of the Indian Ocean, 1885, 917; on a supposed periodicity of the cyclones of the Indian Ocean south of the equator, 925 *Melljss (J. C.) on the treatment of sewage, 1875, 45 *Mellitic acid, the constitution of, S. E. Phillips on, 1877, 53 *Melsome (W. S.) on 108 skulls from tombs at Assouan, 1887, 900 Melting point, J. Love on change of density at the, 1881, 564 - points of organic compounds, in relation to their chemical constitution, Prof. Carnelley on the, 1887, 647 ^Melville (P.) on life, its nature, origin, Sic., 1867, 102 Melvin (J.), the parallel roads of Locli- aber, 1885, 1035 Memory, the utilisation of the, G. Harris on, 1881, 699 Men, varieties of, in the Malay Archi¬ pelago, Alfred R. Wallace on the, 1863, 147 - C. H. E. Carmichael on Prof. Gen- narelli’s paper on the existence of a race of Red, in Northern Africa and Southern EurOjje, in prehistoric times, 1873, 141 - and women, Miss L. E. Becker on some supposed differences in the minds of, with regard to educational neces¬ sities, 1868, 155 *Mendeleeff (Prof. D.), on alcohol and water combinations, 1887, 647 Mendeleeff’s table of atomic weights, W. Weldon on the first two lines of, 1881, 580 Mendip caverns, W. A. Sanford on car- nassial and canine teeth from the, 1864, 69 Mendips, the early inhabitants of the, J. S. Phene on the works, manners, and customs of, 1875, 177 Mendoza, the great earthquake at, March 20, 1861, R Bridge on, 1861, 187 ‘ Menevian Group,' H. Hicks and J. IF. Salter's report on the, 1866, 182 276 GENERAL INDEX. Menell (Henry T.), report of the Com¬ mittee on the dredging of the Northum¬ berland coast and Dogger Banh, 1862, 1 16 *Menschutkin (Prof. N.) on the rate of velocity of formation of acetic ether, 1887, 646 ^Mensuration of certain solids, Prof. J. Thomson on a theorem in the, 1876, 30 Mensurator, W. M. Adams on the, 1872, 59 Mental endowment, ebb and flow in, G. Harris on, 1882, 606 - evolution, is there a break in ? by Hon. Lady Welby, 1890, 972 * - progress of animals daring the human period, J. Shaw on, 1876, 169 *Menteath (P. W. Stuart) on Tertiary and Post-tertiary action in the Pyrenees, 1867, 70 - on the origin of volcanoes, 1871, 104 Mentone, M. Moggridge on the skeleton of the red rocks, near, 1872, 190 - a new cave man of, T. Wilson on, 1885, 1218 Menzies (J. M.) on an optical instrument which indicates the relative change of position of two objects (such as ships at sea during night) which are main¬ taining independent courses, 1862, 22 Mequinez, a journey to Fez and, Dr. A. Leared on, 1878, 631 Mercantile marine , report on the best means of advancing science through the agency of the , 1862, 122 *Mercaptan, L. Jackson and A. Oppen- heim on derivatives of, 1875, 43 Mercator’s projection of a surface of re¬ volution, Prof. Cayley on the, 1873, 9 *Mercer (John) on madder photographs, 1861, 87 Merchandise, C. Bergeron on rapid and economical transport of, 1872, 241 Mercurial air-pump, J. W. Swan on a, 1863, 26 Mercurials, Dr. H. Bennett on new inves¬ tigations to determine the amount of bile secreted by the liver, and how far this is influenced by the use of, 1867, 98 - on the action of, on the biliary secre¬ tion , 1868, 187 Mercury , the absolute resistance of , 11. T. Glazebrooh on, 1890, 136, *731 - boiling-point and, vapour tension of, determined by the hydrogen thermome¬ ter , Prof. J. M. Crafts an the, 1882, 317 - bromo-iodide of, Dr. A. Oppenheim on, 1869, 72 * - crystals of, P. Braham on, 1880, 544 - the pressure of the vapour of, at the ordinary temperature, Prof. McLeod on, 1883, 443 - separation of lead, silver, and, T. Fairley on the, 1875, 42 Mercury sulphate, large crystals of, P. Braham on, 1879, 293 - vapours, the tension of, at common temperatures. Prof. Lord Ravleigh on, 1882, 441 Meridian, W. J. Macquorn Rankine on a table of pairs of stars for approxi¬ mately finding the, 1866, 21 - for the universal hour, a suggestion from the Bologna Academy of Science towards an agreement on the initial, by Dr. C. Tondini de Quarenghi, 1888, 618 ; *1890, 897 * - shadow, a sharp, A. Malloch on a mode of producing, 1875, 26 Merionethshire, T. A. Readwin on the gold-bearing strata of, 1862, 87 Merivale (Herman) on the utility of colonisation. 1862, 161 MERRiFtELE (Charles W.) on the neces¬ sity for further experimental know¬ ledge respecting the propulsion of ships, 1868, 193 - on the stability, propulsion, and sea¬ going qualities of ships, 1869, 10; 1870, *44 - on certain families of surfaces, 1871, 18 - - on instruments for measuring the speed of ships and currents, 1872, 176 ; 1874, 255; 1878, 219; 1879, 210 - on claims for reward for inventions adopted by Government, 1872, 243 - on the measurement of waves, 1872, 246 - on machinery for recording the roughness of the sea and measurement of waves near shore, 1873, 495 - on the determination of the form of the dome of uniform stress, 1874, 22 7 - Address to the Mechanical Section, 1876, 211 - on Babbage's anahrtical machine , 1878, 92 - on patent legislation, 1878, 157 ; 1879, 223; 1880, 318; I88L222; 1882, 310; 1883, 316 - on the phenomena of the stationary tides in the English Channel and the North Sea, and the value of tidal obser¬ vations in the North Atlantic Ocean , 1879, 71 ; 1880, 390; 1881, 160 - on the present state of knowledge of the application of quadratures and interpolation to actual data, 1880, 321 - on the best means of ascertaining the effective wind-pressures to which build¬ ings and, structures are exposed, *1881, 779; 1882. 315 - (Dr. J.) on the meteorology of Plymouth, 1877, 39 Merritt (W. H.) on the occurrence, lo¬ calities and output of the economic minerals of Canada, 1884, 719 GENERAL INDEX. 277 Merse, Dr. Beddoe on the anthropology of the, 1871, 147 Mersey , Dr. Collingwood and Mr. Byer- ley's report on the dredging committee for the , 1861, 188 - ports, improvement of the access to the, W. Shelford on, 1887, 867 - river , tides in the , J. N. Shoolhred on , 1875, 161 - — — Tunnel , C. D. Fox on the , 1883, 371 *Meschin (T. de) on the proposed ex¬ tension of government administration to railways, 1865, 154 Merv, E. O’Donovan on, 1882, 624 Mesny (W.) on a journey from Canton to Kwei-Yang-Fu up the Canton river, 1880, 660 Metal, the early ages of, in South-east Spain, H. and L. Siret on, 1887, 905 — — coils, the friction of, Prof. Hele Shaw and E. Shaw on, 1888, 540 * - surfaces, J. B. Beynon on a hand machine for shaping and finishing, 1876, 219 - thermoelectric currents in circuits of one, Fleeming Jenkin on permanent, 1861, 39 - thermoelectric currents in circuits of one , Fleeming Jenkin on, 1862, 173 - see ‘ Thermoelectric ’ - tubes, J. Robertson on the manufac¬ ture of, 1886, 810 Metallic chlorides, electrolytic experi¬ ments on some, by Prof. Gladstone and A. Tribe, 1874, 58 - compounds containing divalent organic radicals, J. Sakurai on : Part I., 1880, 504; Part II., 1881, 567; Part III., 1882, 495 - deposit obtained from the induction- discharge in vacuum-tubes, J. P. Gassiot on the, 1869, 46 - reflection, Prof. G. G. Stokes on a phenomenon of, 1876, 41 Metallurgy, primitive, A. W. Buckland on the serpent in connection with, 1873, 140 — — a new process in, J. Hollway on, 1879, 298 Metals and alloys, action of acids on, Dr. Crace- Calvert on the, 1865, 28 - the action of oils on, W. H. Watson on, 1880, 560 * - action of phosphorus on alkaline solutions of, Dr. Oppenheim on the, 1872, 79 - crystallisation of, by electricity, P. Braham on the, 1871, 67 - deposit of, from the negative ter¬ minal of an induction coil during the electrical discharge in vacuo, J. P. Gassiot on the, 1861, 38 - deposits of, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on black, 1873, 63 Metals and alloys , electrical permanency of. Dr. A. Matthiessen on the, 1862, 139 ; 1863, 124; 1864, 351 - the malleable, and alloys, the quality of, G. Bischof on anew system of test¬ ing, 1870, 209 * - molecular properties of, Prof. G. Forbes on certain connections between the, 1873, 29 * - refraction and dispersion in certain, H. E. J. G. du Bois and H. Rubens on, 1890, 728 - specific refractive energies and the combining proportions of, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on the relation between the, 1869, 21 . - structure of, H. H. Vivian’s micro¬ scopic observations on the, 1861, 34 - thermal conductivity of, Prof. P. G. Tait on the, 1869, 175 ; 1871, 97 Metamorphic change in Old Red Sand¬ stone conglomerate, mention of an ex¬ ample of an early stage of, near Aber- foil, by Prof. J. Thomson, 1882, 536 - rocks, Prof. Harkness on the, of Connemara and Joyce’s country, 1865, 59 - and intrusive rocks of Tyrone, J. Nolan on the, 1878, 536 Metamorphism , conditions under which ordinary sedimentary materials may he converted into metamorphic rocks, report on the , 1882, 239 - dynamic, of Skiddaw slates, John E. Marr on, 1889, 568 — in rocks, a contribution to the dis¬ cussion of, by Rev. A. Irving, 1886, 658 - a supposed case of, in an Alpine rock of Carboniferous age, Prof. T. G. Bonney on, 1883, 507 Metamorphosis of the Lizard gabbros, J. J. H. Teall on the, 1886, 668 Metastasis, the use of the terms assimi¬ lation and, G. T. Bettanyon, 1877, 107 Meteor which passed over Bhawnpore, in India, in October 1873, Major G. N. Money on a, 1877, 31 - shower of August 1867, George Forbes on the, 1867, 20 - shower of August 1868, G. Forbes on the, 1868, 13 Meteoric astronomy, remarks on, Prof. Kirkwood's treatise on, by A. Herschel, 1868, 418 — — dust, report on the practicability of collecting and identifying, and on the question of under tailing regular obser¬ vations in various localities, 1881, 88 ; 1882, 90; 1883, 126; 1884, 38; 1885, 34; 1889, 34 - fireball, Prof. Coffin on the path of a, relatively to the earth’s surface, 1863, 21 - iron, Prof. Mallet on the effect upon, 278 GENERAL INDEX. as regards capability of being forged, of previous heating to redness or white¬ ness in vacuo , 1872, 77 *Meteoric stone falling on the earth, the possibility of life on a, Sir W. Thom¬ son on, 1877, 43 - - iron, meteoric showers, See. See ‘ Meteors, luminous ’ Meteorites, an attempt to account for the physical condition of, and their fall upon ourplanet, W. Haidinger on, 1861, 15 - conclusion to be drawn from the physical structure of some, H. C. Sorby on the, 1864, 70 - the crystalline structure of iron, Dr. 0. W. Huntingdon on, 1886, 599 - density of, compared with that of the earth, Rev. E. Hill on the average, 1885, 1031 ^Meteorological catalogue, the prelimi¬ nary, G. J. Symons on the completion of the European portion of, 1883, 414 * - conditions of the Red Sea, by Lieut. - Gen. Strachey, 1888, 738 - instruments distant from the ob¬ server, on reading electrically, by J. Joly, 1888, 589 515 - instruments, distant, apparatus for reading indications of, T. J. Murday on, 1889, 509 - and magnetical weather, a similarity between, Prof. Balfour Stewart on, 1882, 460 . - - observations recorded at Huggate, Yorkshire, by Rev. T. Rankin, 1861, 77 ; 1862,34; *1863, 25 * - observations, Dr. Buys- Ballot on the method adopted at Utrecht in dis¬ cussing, 1866, 16 - observations (on ozone) at sea, F. W. Moffat on, 1867, 25 - observations on Ben Nevis, report of the Committee for co-operating with the Scottish Meteorological Society in mailing , 1883. 125 ; 1884, 36 ; 1885, 90 ; 1886, 58; 1887,34; 1888,49; 1889, 315; 1890, 174 - observatory near Chepstow , report of the Committee for co-operating with Mr. E. J. Lowe in his project of es¬ tablishing a , on a permanent and scien¬ tific basis, 1884, 35 ; 1885, 64; 1886, 139 ; 1887, 39 - observatory recently established on Mont Blanc, A. L. Rotch on a, 1890, 747 - phenomena, solar and terrestrial, certain short periods common to, Prof. Balfour Stewart and W. L. Carpenter on, 1884, 634 - photography, J. Hopkinson on, 1890, 75i - reductions, remarks on, by Dr. Bal¬ four Stewart, with especial reference to the element of vapour, 1869, 43 Meteorological station, Dr. Buys-Ballot on the importance of the Azores as a, 1871, 49 - statistics, Francis Galton on an error in the usual method of obtaining, 1866, 16 *Meteorology, T. L. Plant on, 1862, 34 * - application of telegraphy to navi¬ gation and, A. de Marcoartu on the, 1873, 43 - at Banbridge for ten years. J. Smyth, jun. on the, 1874, 39 - of Ben Nevis, A. Buchan on the, 1885, 917 - of Birmingham, D. Smith on the, 1865, 19 - — - Greek, the Rev. H. Boys on, 1872, 53 - marine, contributions, to, from the Scottish Marine Station, by Dr. H. R, Mill, 1887, 618 - physical, Lieut. -Col. A. Strange on the necessity for placing, on a rational basis, 1874, 40 * - of Plymouth. J. Merrifield on the, 1877, 39 - of Port Louis in the Lsland of Mau¬ ritius, C. Meldrum on the, 1867, 108 - and terrestrial magnetism, the general bibliography of, compiled by the Signal Office, Washington, C. Abbe on, 1887, 593 *Meteors observed at Oxford, list of, by the Rev. R. Main, 1875, 24 - luminous, Report on, 1861, 1 ; 1862, 1 ; 1863, 209 ; 1864. 1 ; 1865, 57 ; 1866, 16; 1867,288; 1868, 344; 1869, 216; 1870, 76; 1871, 26; 1872, 57; 1873, 349; 1874,269; 1875, 199 ; 1876, 119 ; 1877, 98; 1878, 258; 1879, 76; 1880, 39; 1881, 290 * - the mechanical condition of a swarm of, and on theories of cosmogony, Prof. G. H. Darwin on, 1888, 590 - the microscopical structure of, H. C. Sorby on, 1865, 139; note on this paper by Prof. Brayley, 140 * - the spectra of, compared with the solar spectrum, J. N. Lockyer on, 1888, 576 - synthesis of,M. Baubree on, 1868. 415 ; H. C. Sorby on spherules in, 418 *Meth£emoglobin, note on, by E. Raj* Lankester, 1870, 141 Methyl and allied compounds, Br. B. IF. Richardson on the physiological action of the, 1867, 47 ; 1868, 170; 1869,405 ; 1870, 155 ; of methylic alcohol, 1867, 49; of methyl, hydride, chloride, %c., 52; of chloroform, 54; tetrachloride of carbon, 55 ; of bichloride of methylene, 56 ; physical changes produced in the blood, 1868, 173; influence on the circulation GENERAL INDEX. 279 and respiration , 175; influence on the animal temperature , 178 ; influence of electr ical excitation during the inaction, 180; dangers attending their adminis¬ tration, 1 8 1 ; on the neutralisation of some poisons hg them, 184; previous researches (1) on the amount of bile secreted in dogs, 188; (2) on the influ¬ ence exercised by mercury, 195 ; opera¬ tion for establishing biliary fistulce, 198; method of collecting the bile, 200 ; observations to determine how far dogs are subject to the action of mercury, 201 ; results of experiments on dogs, 203; conclusions, 222; on podophyllinc and taraxacum as cholagogues, 224; the nitrite series, 1869, 408 ; the hydrides, 410; the alcohol series, 413; the chlo¬ rides, 418; the iodides, 419; means of restoration, ib. ; review of the work done in the past, 1870, 156; research with new agents, 160 ; physiological co nsideration s, 167 Methyl, acetate of, vapour-tension of formiate of ethyl and, W. Dittmar 011 the, 1868, 36 * - sulphide of, the action of, on bro- macetic acid, Prof. Crum Brown on, 1873, 63 j- - thetine, Prof. Crum Brown and Dr. E. A. Letts on, 1874. 56 Methylacetonamine, F. Guthrie on, 1868, 38 Methylene, W. H. Perkin on chloride of, obtained from chloroform by means of nascent hydrogen, 1868, 40 - blue and methylene red, Prof. Bernthsen on, 1 887, 645 *Metre, F. P. Fellows on certain errors in the received equivalent of the, 1866, 2 - a plea for the, by E. G. Ravenstein, 1887, 805 Metric system of weights and measures, F. P. Fellows on the practical advan¬ tages of the, 1865, 147 - system in the United States of Ame¬ rica, H. Yates Thompson on, 1866, 355 — — system, reasons why the office of Warden of the Standards should in¬ clude standard weights and measures of the, in addition to those of the imperial weights and measures, by J. Yates, 1867, 146 - - system of weights and measures , re¬ port on the best means for facilitating the adoption of the , in Great Britain, 1884, 27. See ‘ Measures ’ ^Metrical measures, G. J. Stoney on the relation between British and, 1871, 222 Meusel (Dr. E.) on a physical property of two coloured compounds, 1868, 39 - and C. Haughton Gill on paraffin and its products of oxidation, 1868, 39 Mexican zodiac and astrology, observa¬ tions on the, by Hyde Clarke, 1884, 916 Mexico, paleontological and zoological re¬ searches in, report of the Committee for conducting, 1880, 254 Meyer (Prof. L.), *a study of the action of nitric acid on benzene, 1887, 653; *011 Prof. Ramsay’s method of deter¬ mining specific volumes, ib. *Meyer’s (Victor) apparatus for taking vapour densities of substances with high boiling points, exhibition of, by Dr. W. Ramsay, 1878, 517 Miall (L. C.), experiments on contortion of Mountain Limestone, 1869, 97 - on the formation of swallow-holes or pits with vertical sides in Mountain Limestone, 1870, 79 - further experiments and remarks on the contortion of rocks, 1871, 106 - on the structure and classification cj the Labyrintliodonts , 1873, 225 ; 1874, 149 - on the exploration of the Settle Caves, 1874, 133 ; 1875, 166 ; 1876, 115; 1877, 215; 1878, 377 - on the erratic blocks of England and Wales, 1874, 192; 1875, 82; 1876, no; 1877, 81 ; 1878, 1S5 ; 1879, 135; 1880, no * - on solid-mounted preparations, 1879, 376 - — — on the ‘ Geological Record j 1880, 87 - on the exploration of Ray gill fissure, Yorkshire, 1883, 133 ; 1884, 240 * - and F. Greenwood on vascular plexuses in the elephant and other animals, 1875, 170 * - and A. Hammond on the develop¬ ment of the head of the fly of Chiro- nomus , 1890, 860 Mian (Signor) on his travels towards the sources of the Nile, 1863, 143 Mica-schist and slate, H. C. Sorby on mo¬ dels illustrating contortions in, 1863, 88 - a fragment of, Prof. W. J. Sollas on, 1880, 577 Mica-trap dykes, some West Yorkshire, Dr. F. H. Hatch on, 1890, 813 Michell (R.) on the supposed lost lan¬ guage and antiquity of the Kirghiz, or Buruts, 1875, 176 * - (W. D.), Is the stone age of Lyell and Lubbock as yet at all proven ? 1871, 155 *Michelsen (M.) on the geography of bread plants, 1862, 196 Michelson (A. A.) on the velocity of light in carbon disulphide and the dif¬ ference in velocity of red and blue light in the same, 1884, 654 Michie (Alexander), notes on China, Mongolia, and Siberia, 1863, 1864, 145 - (Rev. J. G.), traces of early human habitations on Deeside, 1885, 1232 280 GENERAL INDEX Microlepidoptera, H. T. Stainton on the generic characters furnished by the dif¬ ferent modes of mining leaves adopted by the larvae of, 1863, 106 Micrometer by H. Soleil, the Abbe Moigno on a new, 1863, 15 Micrometers, Sir David Brewster on pho¬ tographic, 1861, 28 Micro-organisms, Prof. E. Frankland on chemical changes in their relations to, 1884, 681 - and albumen in solution, the action of ozonised air upon, J. J. Coleman on, 1885, 1058 - the distribution of, in the air of town, country, and buildings, Dr. P. F. Frankland on, 1886, 704 - the multiplication and vitality of certain, pathogenic and otherwise, Dr. P. F. Frankland on, 1886, 702 - some new, obtained from air, studies on, Mrs. and Dr. P. F. Frankland on, 1887, 745 - in air, a new method for determining, Prof. Carnelley and T. Wilson on, 1887, 654 Microphone, a new form of receiving in¬ strument for, W. J. Millar on, 1878, 446 •(•Microphytes, the action of cold on, Dr. J. G. McKendrick on, 1885, 1058 ^Microscope adapted for showing the circulation in the human subject, Dr. U. Pritchard on a, 1876, 158 * - a binocular, for high powers, J. T. Taylor on, 1877, 32 - binocular, S. Holmes on a new, 1870, 39 * - binocular, S. Holmes on the iso- photal, 1879, 253 — - the immersion method of illumina¬ tion of the, Dr. J. Barker on, 1870, 39 - for physical purposes, Dr. R. Caton on a new form of, 1874, 140 - with arrangements for illuminating the sub-stage, E. Crossley on a, 1881, 563 Microscopic features of the coal of the world , Prof. IV. C. Williamson on the present state of the inquiry into the, 1889, 69 * - objects, a new mode of illumina¬ ting, P. Braham on, 1880, 502 - rock sections, a simple method of projecting upon the screen, both by ordinary and polarised light, E. P. Quinn on, 1887, 725 structure of the older rochs of Angle¬ sey, report on the, 1889, 367 Microscopical examination of the air in drains and sewers, 187U, 74 - observations at Munster am Stein, by G. Gladstone, 1869, 113 * - preparations, exhibitions of, by Prof. Allen Thomson and Prof. W. Turner, 1867, 104 ^Microtome, the Caldwell automatic, re¬ marks on, 1884, 777 Microzoa in the chalk-flints of the Forth of Ireland, J. Wright on the discovery of, 1874, 95 Microzymes ( Bacteria ), Dr. B. Sanderson, and Dr. Ferrier on the origin and dis¬ tribution of, in water, and the circum¬ stances which determine their exist¬ ence in the tissues and liquids of thn living body, 1871, 125 * - as partial bionta, Dr. J. Ross on,. 1873, 131 ^Middle Drift of East Anglia, J. E. Taylor on the occurrence of seams of hard sandstone in the, 1870, 88 - Drift, gravel-beds resembling, G. J. Stoney on the recent formation of,. 1870, 86 Middlesborough, John Marley on the dis¬ covery of rock-salt in the New Red. Sandstone at, 1863, 82 *Middletox (A. B.), sanitary statistics- of Salisbury, 1864, 169 Midford Sands, further note on the, by H. B. Woodward, 1888, 650 Midian, the Land of, Capt. R. F. Burton on, 1878, *589, 630 Migrants in Yorkshire, the date and dis¬ tribution of spring, compared with West of England and Ireland, by T„ Lister, 1882, 589 Migration and commerce, the courses of,, traced by art relics and religious em¬ blems, Dr. J. S. Phene on, 1878, 583 * - of birds, Prof. A. Newton on ther 1880, 605 - of birds, report on the, 1881, 189; 1882, 283; 1883, 229; 1884,266: 1885, 685; 1886,264; 1887,7o; 1888,146 - of birds, report of the Committee for malting a digest of the observations on the, 1889, 1 14 : 1890, 464 * - - of fishes, observations on the, by Prof. J. C. Ewart, 1889, 627 - theory of blood-cells, Dr. Caton on. the, 1870, 134 Migratory birds of the North of England, T. Lister on spring, 1874, 137 Mildew in grey cloth, W. Thomson on the growth of, 1876, 70 M[LES(Capt.) on the Somali coast, 187U 1 86 * - (Rev. T.), the honey bee versus Darwinism, 1886, 695 ^Military bidon, W. Smith on a, 1875, 253 - field-railway, J. B. Fell on experi¬ ments made with a new form of, 1876> 223 Milk adulteration, the detection of, W.. H. Watson on, 1879, 322 - and Scotch barley as an article of GENERAL INDEX. 281 diet, George Frean on the use of, 1864, 122 *Milk, preserved, Dr. Edward Smith on the economic and nutritive value of, 1872, 227 - of the porpoise, the chemical com¬ position of the, Prof. T. Purdie on, 1885, 1072 Mill (Rev. Dr.), decipherment of the Phoenician inscription on the Newton Stone, Aberdeenshire, 1862, 147 - - (H. R.) on the physical conditions of water in estuaries, 1885, 940 - report on the physical work done at the Marine Biological Station at Granton , Scotland, 1886, 253 ; 1887, 93 - on the temperature of the River Thurso, 1886, 530 ; on the chemistry of estuary water, 598 ; river entrances, 731 ; configuration of the Clyde water system, 732 - contributions to marine meteorology from the Scottish Marine Station, 1887, 618 ; ton a bathy-orograpliical map of Scotland, 804 - on arranging an investigation of the seasonal variations of temperature in lakes, rivers, and estuaries, 1888, 326 ; 1889, 44 ; 1890, 92 - on the temperature of some Scottish rivers, 1888, 588; the salinity of the Clyde Sea area, 738 ; sea temperatures on the continental shelf, 739 - discussion on coral reefs, 1888, 722 - the physical basis of commercial geography, 1889, 559 - - tthe vertical relief of the globe, 1890, 888 ; geographical teaching in Russia, ib. Millar (W. J.) on the strength and fracture of cast iron, 1876, 227 - on a new form of receiving instru¬ ment for microphone, 1878, 446 - on some phenomena connected with iron and other metals in the solid and molten states, with notes of experi¬ ments, 1884, 653 Millepora murrayi (Quelch), the mean¬ ing of the ampulke in, Dr. S. J. Hick¬ son on, 1890, 863 Miller (H.) on fluxion-structure in Till, 1884, 720 - some results of a detailed survey of the old coast-lines near Trondhjem, Norway, 1885, 1033 - on the classification of the Car¬ boniferous Limestone series, North¬ umbrian type, 1886, 675 - a comparative study of the Till or Lower Boulder- clay in several of the glaciated countries of Europe — Britain, Scandinavia, Germany", Switzerland, and the Pyrenees, 1887, 694 - (John) on the so-called hyoid plate of the Aster olepis of the Old Red Sandstone, 1871, 106 Miller ( J. B.) and Dr. W. Bott, further researches on the pyrrocresols, 1888, 642 - (Prof. W. A.), Address to the Che¬ mical Section, 1861, 75 ; 1865, 22 - on photographic spectra of the eleo trie light, 1861, 87 - report on the application of gun¬ cotton to warlike purposes , 1863, 1 1865, 264 - report on the uniformity of weights and measures , 1864, 102 ; 1865, 375 ; 1866,352; 1867,468; 1868,484; 1869, 308 ; 1870, 232 - on the spectra of some of the hea¬ venly bodies, 1864, 12 - - chemical examination of a hot spring in Wheal Clifford, Cornwall, 1864, 35 — — - meteorological and physical observa¬ tions in three balloon ascents made in 1865 and 1866, 1866, 367 ; on scientific evidence in courts of law, 456 - (Prof. W. H.), report on the standards of electrical resistance, 1862, 125; 1863, hi; 1864,345; 1865, 308 ; 1867, 474; 1869, 434; 1870, 14 - Address to the Chemical Section, 1862, 35 Mills (E. J.) on the method of making gold-assays , and of stating the results thereof, 1873, 219 ; 1874, 127 ; 1875, 155 - on the conditions under which liquid carbonic acid exists in rocks and minerals, 1877, 232 - (Rev. H. V.), home colonisation, 1889, 717 - (Dr. T. W.), ^demonstration of the co-ordinating centres of Kronecker, 1884, 776; on the secretion of oxalic acid in the dog, 783 - and Prof. H. Kronecker on the cardiac nerves of the turtle, 1884, 776 Millstone-grit of North Derby-sliire and the adjoining parts of Yorkshire, A. H. Green on the variations in character and thickness of the, and on the probable manner in which these changes have been produced, 1875, 65 - the Carboniferous Limestone and, in the country around Llangollen, N. Wales, G. H. Morton on, 1877, 74 - of the Pennine chain, Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins on the structure of the, 1887,. 686 Milne (Prof. J.) on the Stone Age in Japan, 1879, 401 - on the earthquake phenomena of Japan, 1881, 200; 1882, 205 ; 1883, 21 1 ; 1884,241; 1885,362; 1886, 413; 1887,212; 1888,422; 1889, 295 ; 1890,. 160 282 GENERAL INDEX. Milne (Prof. J.), seismological work in Japan, 1889, 492 ; on the vibration of railway trains, ib. - — — and T. Gray, a contribution to seismology, 1881, 646 - (J.), stone circles in Aberdeenshire, 1885, 1223 Milne-Home (D.), notice of elongated ridges of drift, common in the south of Scotland, called ‘ Kahns,’ 1861, 1 1 5 — — on the old sea-cliffs and submarine banks of the Frith of Forth, 1867, 61 - - on earthquakes in Scotland , 1870, 48; 1871, 197; 1872, 240; 1873, 194; 1871,241; 1875,64; 1876,74 - on the conservation of boulders, 1871, 107 - on erratic blocks or boulders , 1873, 188 ; on science lectures and organisa¬ tion, 507 - - on the parallel roads of Glen Roy, 1876, 93; on high-level terraces in Carr on valley, county of Linlithgow, 94 - on making meteorological observa¬ tions on Ben Nevis, 1883, 125 ; 1881, 36; 1885, 90; 1886, 58; 1887, 34; 1888, 49; 1889, 315; 1890, 174 Milner, (W. R.), report on the action of prison diet and discipline on the bodily functions of prisoners, 1861, 44 Milnes (A.), the Ricardo theory of rent, 1882, 642 ’’"'Milton (Viscount) on railway routes across North America and the pln’si- cal aspects of the country, 1870, 172 - and Dr. Cheadle on an expedi¬ tion across the Rocky Mountains into British Columbia by the Yellow-head or Leather Pass, 1864, 141 *Milum (Rev. J.), an account of a recent visit to Dahomey, 1881, 747 Mimicry in plants, Prof. W. T. Tliiselton Dyer on the so-called, 1871, 128 Mimosa, pudica, the movement of the leaf of, Dr. S. H. Vines on, 1887, 742 Mimusopece , a section of the order Sapo- tacern, M. M. Hartog on, 1879, 376 Minchin (E. A.) on the occupation of the table at the laboratory of the Marine Biological Association at Plymouth, 1890, 446 - (G. M.), an account of some experi¬ ments in photo-electricity, 1880, 46S ; *1885, 940 - on the absolute sine electrometer, 1881, 558 Mincopies, or natives of the Andaman Islands, Prof. Omen's report on the psychical and physical characters of the, 1861, 241 *Mind, abnormal conditions of, Prof. Barrett on some phenomena associated with, 1876, 164 - - the relation of anthropology to science of the, Dr. A. Bain on, 1885, 1204 Mineral, aluminous, from the upper chalk near Brighton, Dr. J. H. and G. Gladstone on, 1861, 79 *- - - basin, A. Bassett on the South Wales, 1864, 50 - district of Western Shropshire, C. J. Woodward on the, 1886, 665 * - - a new, from Loch Bhruithaich, Inverness-shire, description of, by W. I. Macadam and T. Wallace, 1885, 9 77 - — - oil or paraffin wax, the estimation of, when mixed with other oils or fats, Vr. Thomson on, 1878, 508 - resources of New South Wales, C. S. Wilkinson on the, 1890, 805 - vein at New Rosewarne Mine, Gwi- near, Cornwall, Dr. C. Le Neve Foster on a, 1866, 52 - vein or lode, what is a ? Dr. C. Le Neve Foster on, 1884, 732 - veins, Charles Moore on the pakeon- tology of, and on the secondary age of some, in the Carboniferous period, 1862, 82 - veins containing organic remains in the Carboniferous Limestone, Charles Moore on, 1868, 428 ; 1869, 360 - water, T. Andrews on some curious concretion balls derived from a collierv, 1879, 312 - and thermal maters, British, a, list of works referring to, by W. H. Balton, 1888, 859 *Mineralogical chemistry, contributions to, by A. H. Church, 1870, 53 * - classification, some principles to be considered in, T. S. Hunt on, 1862, 195 - - constitution of calcareous organisms, V. Cornish and P. F. Kendall on the, 1887, 700 - - - evolution, Dr. T. S. Hunt on, 1888, 682 Mineralogy, the study of, Dr. T. S. Hunt on, 1888, 627 - of Staffordshire, Worcestershire and Warwickshire, list of works on the, by W. Whitaker , 1885, 780 - of Wales, list of works on the (to the end oflSl'd), by W. Whitaker , 1880, 397 Minerals, action of water in the form of heated steam, urged by wood fuel upon earthy, J. Jeffreys on the, 1869, 92 - the application of organic acids to the examination of, Prof. H. C. Bolton on 1880, 505 - dendroidal forms assumed by, Dr. J. D. Heaton on, 1869, 127 - the economic, of Canada, the occur¬ rence, localities, and output of, W. H. Merritt on, 1884, 719 - - found in coal-pits, R. C. Clapham and John Daglish on, 1863, 37 GENERAL INDEX. 283 Minerals lately found in the drainage- works at Brighton, J. Howell on the, 1872, 108 - - optical characters of, H. C. Sorby on a new method for studying the, 1877, 77 - some new, Dr. von Lasaulx on, 1870, 92 - - from South America, David J orbes on some, I860, 29 - synthetical researches on the forma¬ tion of, by Alphonse Gages, 1863, 203 Miners’ electric safety-lamps, N. Watts on, 1888, 816 * - safety-mask for supporting life in lire-damp and other noxious vapour, Dr. B. W. Richardson on, 1863, 192 Miniature, H. Swan on a new kind of, possessing apparent solidity by means of a combination of prisms, 1863, 17 Minicoy Island, Major Basevi on, 1871, 174 * *Mining, S. Davis on Brain’s system of, by means of boring-machinery, dyna¬ mite, and electric blasting, 1873, 213 - coal and metal, in the United King¬ dom, the relative dangers of, Dr. C. Le Neve Foster on, 1884, 868 * - lamp, a new form of, Dr. C. Ball on, 1878, 698 - royalties and their effect on the iron and coal industries, Prof. W. R. Sorley on, 1888, 755 - in the West of England, J. H. Collins on lode, 1877, 201 *Minot (Dr. C. S.) on the growth of children, 1884, 785 * - the development of the supra- renal capsules in man, 1887, 755 ; *the role of the heart in vertebrate morphology, 760 ; *011 the structure of the human placenta, ib. Mint charge, the effect of a, upon the value of coins, G. J. Stoney on, to which is added a proposition for securing at once some of the advantages of inter¬ national coinage, 1870, 201 Miocene clays of Bovey Tracey, W. Pen- gelly on the source of the, 1869, 99 - - flora of North Greenland, Prof. Oswald Heer on the, 1866, 53, *74 - - flora, of the Basalt of the North of Ireland , report on the , 1879, 162 ; 1880, 107; 1881,152; 1883,209 Mirage at sea. Dr. J. Janssen on, 1875, 26, *40 * - Prof. J. D. Everett on, 1872, 36 ^Mississippi, the jetties of the, Capt. D. Galton on, 1877, 206 * - river, the improvements of the, Capt. J. B. Eads on, 1881, 774 - the works now in course of erection for improving the navigation of one of the mouths of the, under the direction of Mr. James Eads, C.E., Capt. D. Galton on, 1877, 202 * Misti, volcano of, the Hon. R. Marsham on two ascents of the, 1863, 143 Mitchell (Dr. A.) on erratic blochs or boulders, 1873, 188 * - (D.), are flint implements of the first Stone Age found in the drift ? 1869, 69 - (Rev. JI.) on specimens of fish from the Lower Old Red Sandstone of For¬ farshire, 1885, 1023 - (Joseph) on the construction and works of the Highland Railway , 1867, 1 5 1 * - on a new mode of constructing the surface of streets and thoroughfares, 1867, 156 - (J. M.) on the migration of the herring, 1861, 149 * - (W. Stephen) on hitherto unre¬ corded leaf-forms, &c., from Alum Bay, Isle of Wight, 1865, 68 - on the Alum Bay leaf -bed, 1866, 146 * - remarks on the denudation of the Bath Oolite, 1870, 80 ; 1871, 107 * - on the Bagshot peat-beds, 1876,94 Mitraria, Prof. Allman on the structure and development of, 1872, 129 Mivart (Prof. St. G.), Address to the Biological Section, 1879, 354 Moab, A. W. Hayne on the flora of, 1872, 128 - the Rev. Canon Tristram on the geology of, 1872, 123 - E. H. Palmer on the geography of, 1871, 187 - report on the geographical explora¬ tion of, 1872, 210 Moabite stone, the newly discovered, the relation of the ancient Moabites to neighbouring nations as disclosed in. Rev. Dr. Ginsburg on, 1870, 149 ; *1871, 179 *Moa-bones in New Zealand, Dr. Hector on the occurrence of, 1875, 161 *Mobius, Prof. H. J. S. Smith on the cir¬ cular transformation of, 1872, 24 Mock suns observed in Ireland, W. A. Traill on, 1871, 56 Model estuaries, Prof. O. Reynolds on, 1889, 327 ; 1890, 512 *Modoc Indians, myths of the, J. Curtin on, 1884, 910 ^Modular curves, Prof. H. J. S. Smith on the, 1878, 463 * - equations, Prof. H. J. S. Smith on, 1873, 24 Mceris basin, the latest researches in the, F. Cope Whitehouse on, 1884, 802 Moffat (F. W.) on meteorological ob¬ servations (on ozone) at sea, 1867, 25 - (Dr. T.) on atmospheric ozone, 1861, 88; 1870, 61 ; on sulphuretted hydro¬ gen as a putrefaction product, 1861, 89 284 GENERAL INDEX. Moffat (Dr. T.) on the luminosity of phosphorus, 18G2, 47 ; 1867, 11 * - on the connection that exists be¬ tween Admiral FitzRoy’s ‘ caution telegrams ’ and the luminosity of phos¬ phorus, 1863, 24 - on phosphorescence, storms and disease, 1865, 90 - on the phosphorescence of the sea and ozone, I860, 72 - - on the oxidation of phosphorus, and the quantity of phosphoric acid excreted by the kidne}7s in connection with atmospheric conditions, *1869, 72 ; 1870, 61 - on ozonometry, 1871, 76 ; on geo¬ logical systems and endemic disease, 1870, 80 f 1871, 107 ; 1873, 84 - on a tube ozonometer, 1872, 79 - on a horn and bones found in a cutting in a street in Maidenhead, Berks, 1873, 84 - on the apparent connection between sun-spots and atmospheric ozone, 1874, 37 - on the apparent connection between sun-spots, atmospheric ozone, rain, and force of wind, 1875, 31 *Moggridge (M.) on an easy mode of measuring heights, 1864, 4 * - on the old Welsh mistletoe cure for St. Vitus’s dance, 1864, 87 * - on the occurrence of Lemna arrhiza in Epping Forest, 1866, 76 ; *on the zones of the Coniferm from the Mediter¬ ranean to the crest of the maritime Alps, ib. - - on the ‘Muffa’ of the sulphur-springs of Valdieri in Piedmont, 1868, 106 - on bones and flints found in the caves at Mentone and the adjacent railway-cutting, 1871, 155 - on a curious elm, 1872, 129 ; on the Mentone skeleton, 190 *Mohir, the cliffs of, co. Clare, a brief account of the vegetation of, by N. B. Ward, 1863, 191 Moigno (the Abbe), H. Soleil’s tenebro- scope for illustrating the invisibility of light, exhibited and described by, 1863, 14 ; on a new micrometer by H. Soleil, 15; on M. Oudry’s applications of galvanic copper, 19; on a free-air barometer and thermometer by the Abbe Jeannon, 24; *on Naudet’s me¬ tallic or holosteric barometer, ib. ; *on galvanic copper, photolithography, and photomicroscopic specimens, 48 ; on Caselli’s autotelegraph, 20, 176 ; on Bourdon and Saleron’s ‘ injecteur pour les corps solides,’ 176 ; on M. Perigault de Rennes’ ‘ ventilateur a reaction,’ ib. ; on M. Seiler’s ‘ balance aerostatique,’ ib. * - poste photographique, 1871, 44, 76 *Moir (Dr. F. M.), notes on a recent antiquarian find in Aberdeenshire, 1885, 1223 *Mold Valley, W. Ness on the Coal Mea¬ sures in, and their products, 1865, 68 Mole, the cervical and lumbar vertebrae of the, Prof. Owen on, 1861, 152 * - the dentition of the common, C. Spence Bate on, 1866, 69 - the food and habits of the, Dr. Edwards Crisp on, 1865, 85 - the nomenclature of mammalian teeth and the teeth of the, E. R. Lan- kester and H. N. Moseley on, 1868, 1 1 7 - the structure of the intestine in the, Dr. J. A. McWilliam on, 1835, 1078 Moleculaire, l’etat, des corps ; definer par la vegetation ; analyser la force vege- tale par des essais raissonnes de cul¬ ture, par M. G. Vill, 1863, 57 Molecular arrangement of the alloy of silver and copper, W. C. Roberts on the, employed for the British silver coinage, 1871, 80 - attraction, F. D. Brown on, 1881, 592 * - changes that accompany the mag¬ netisation of iron, nickel, and cobalt, W. F. Barrett on the, 1873, 40 * - changes -which take place in iron and steel while cooling, A. Mallock on the, 1877, 42 - constitution of a solution of col- baltous chloride, Dr. W. J. Russell on the, 1885, 991 - distances in galvanic polarisation, Prof. J. Larmor on, 1885, 900 f - equivalents, Prof. Guthrie on physical, 1885, 985 - motion, Dr. Zenner on impurities in lead and, 1863, 58 - motions, possibility of irreversible, E. P. Culverwell on the, 1890, 744 - movements, certain, in the vicinity of thin iron plates, W. Thomson on, 1883, 472 - phenomena associated with the mag¬ netisation of iron ( phenomena occurring at a red heat), report on, 1889, 33 ; 1890, 145 ; notes thereon, by M. Osmond , 1890, 157 * - properties of metals, Prof. G. Forbes on certain connections between the, 1873, 29 - refraction, dispersion, and magnetic rotation of carbon compounds, on the correspondence between the, by Dr. J. H. Gladstone and Dr. W. H. Perkin, 1889, 515 - refraction of substances in solution, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on, 1890, 322 - structure and biological action, the connection between, Dr. J. Blake on, 1886, 687 GENERAL INDEX. 285 Molecular theory of induced magnetism, Prof. J. A. Ewing on the, 1890, 740 - theory of organisation, Dr. Hughes Bennett on protagon in relation to the, 1867, 97 - volumes, Prof. W. Ramsay on, 1884, 676 - weight of caoutchouc and other colloids, Dr. J. H. Gladstone and W. Hibbert on the, 1888, 640 * - weights, the inferences deducible from high, as exhibited by the oxides of manganese, Prof. W. Odling on, 1881, 582 - - weights of the metals (an applica¬ tion of Raoult’s method to alloys), C. T. Heycock and F. H. Neville on the, 1889, 534 - weights of solids and salts in solu¬ tion, Prof. W. A. Tilden on the, 1886, 990 Molecules in motion, Prof. J. C. Maxwell on the final state of a system of, sub¬ ject to forces of any kind, 1873, 29 - of matter in the crystalline state, as distinct from the chemical molecule (macromolecules), and determinations of some of them, G. J. Stonev on, 1885, 988 - the size of, Prof. A. W. Remold on, 1885, 986 Molesworth (Rev. W. N.) on the pro¬ gress of co-operation at Rochdale, 1861, 225 - on the influence of changes in the conditions of existence in modifying species and varieties, 1862, 111 ; on the training and instruction of the unem¬ ployed in the manufacturing districts during the present crisis, 162 Molgula , the larval state of, A. Hancock on, with descriptions of several new species of simple Ascidians, 1870, 118 Molloy (B. C.) on nitric acid: its re¬ production from the lower oxides of nitrogen, 1878, 512 . _ (C.) on the German and other sys¬ tems of teaching the deaf to speak, 1880, 216 Mollusca from the Arctic expedition, notes on some of the recent or living, by J. Gwyn Jeffreys, 1877, 72 - a list of the , in the Bay of Biscay, 1880, procured during the cruise of the ‘ Travailleur; hy J. Gwyn Jeffreys , 1880, 382 - inhabiting both sides of the North Atlantic and the intermediate seas, the concordance of the , Dr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys on, 1884, 551 - of the nest coast of North America , Philip P. Carpenter on the , 1863, 517 - of Bath, J. E. Daniel on the, 1864, Mollusca of the south coast of Devon and Cornwall. See ‘ Marine Fauna ’ - of Europe compared with those of Eastern North America , report by J. Gwyn Jeffreys on the, 1872, 302 [Ab¬ stract in Sectional Proceedings, p. 137] - fossil bivalve shells of, H. Seeley on a help to the identification of, 1863. 87 - of the Mediterranean, J. Gwyn Jef¬ freys on the, 1873, 111 ; 1880, 601 [ see ‘Report on Dredging,’ 1868, 234] - - of Nicaragua, R. Tate on the land and fresh-water, 1869, 117 - the testaceous, obtained during a dredging excursion in the Gulf of Suez, R. M‘ Andrew on, 1870, 120 * - embryological observations bearing on the genealogy of the, by E. Ray Lankester, 1875, 116 * - the genealogical import of the in¬ ternal shell of, E. Ray Lankester on, 1874, 137 - Dr. Morch on the zoological affini¬ ties of the, 1865, 91 ; and on the classi¬ fication of the, ib. Molluscan fauna of the Red Crag, Alfred Bell on some, 1868, 59 Molluscoida, Bev. A. M. Norman on the, procured by the Shetland Dredging Com¬ mittee , 1867, 437 *Molluscs, nudibranchiate, A. Hancock on the renal organ in the, 1863, 1 16 * - the vascular system and colour of, Prof. E. Ray Lankester on, 1887, 73 6 Moloney (Gov.), tthe commercial geo¬ graphy of Yoruba, West Africa, 1889, 660 ; African airs and musical instru¬ ments, 779 Molten metals, a case of rapid diffusion of, Prof. W. C. Roberts on, 1883, 402 Molyneux (William), report on the distribution of the organic remains of the N. Staffordshire coal-field , 1864, 342 ; 1865, 42 - on the occurrence of copper- and lead-ores in the Bunter conglomerates of Cannock Chase, 1872, 116 - on the circulation of underground waters, 1875, 114 ; 1876, 95 ; 1877, 56 ; 1878, 382 ; 1879, 155 ; 1880, 87 ; 1881, 309 ; 1882, 213 - on the occurrence of Aviculopecten and other marine shells in deposits associated with seams of coal contain¬ ing salt water in the Ashby coal-field, 1877, 73 - on the erratic blocks of England, Wales, and Ireland, 1878, 185; 1879, 135 ; 1880, no ; 1881, 204 Moments of inertia and of moments of resistance, resume of researches on the inverse problems of, by Prof. G. Jung, 1876, 21 - of inertia in a plane area, diagram- 93 286 GENERAL INDEX. matic representation of, by A. Lodge, 1886, 543 *Monadine, parasitic on Saprolegniaj , Prof. M. M. Hartog on a, 1889, 649 Monahan (J. H.), suggestions for a Bill to regulate sales of property, 1878, 662 Mond (Dr. Ludwig) on the manufacture of sulphur from alkali waste in Great Britain, 1868, 40 *Moneron , demonstration of a new, by Prof. D’A. W. Thompson, 1885, 1097 Monetary jurisprudence, S. Dana Hor¬ ton on, 1887, 829 - - problem, the Anglo-Indian, Prof. L. Walras on the solution of, 1887, 849 - standard , report on the best methods of ascertaining and measuring varia¬ tions in the value of the , 1887, 247 ; 1888, 181; 1889, 133; 1890,485 - standard, memorandum on an official index-number , 1888, 186; memorandum by Prof. F. Y. Edgeworth on the accu¬ racy of the proposed calculation of index-numbers , 188 Money market, London, some recent changes in the conditions governing the, W. Hooper on, 1890, 923 * - some notes on, by Sir T. Farrer, 1887, 830 * - and the science of capital, W. West- garth on, 1875, 220 Money (Major G. N.) on a meteor which passed over Bhawnpore, in India, in October, 1873, 1877, 31 Mongolia, Alex. Michie’s notes on, 1864, 145 * - and Zungaria, Ney Elias on trade- routes through, 1873, 169 Monian (Pre-Cambrian) system of rocks, Prof. J. F. Blake on the, 1886, 66 9 Monk (T. J.) 071 the desirability of esta¬ blishing a 1 close time ’ for the preserva¬ tion of indigenous animals , 1873, 346 ; 1876, 63 Monkeys, the catarrhine and platyrrhine, a little-known cranial difference be¬ tween, W. A. Forbes on, 1881, 718 *Monobromo-benzene, the second, Prof. Fittica on, 1887, 649 Monocular vision, the relative apparent brightness of objects in binocular and, S. P. Thompson on, 1877, 32 Monomerella, T. Davidson and Prof. W. King on the genera Trimerella , Dino¬ bolus, and, 1872, 100 * Mono-metallists ’ and ‘ bi-metallists,’ E. Atkinson on, 1887, 849 Monosyllabism in philological classifica¬ tion, recent doubts on, Hyde Clarke on, 1880, 621 Monotremes, the ova of, Prof. H. N. Moseley on, 1884, 777 * - some points in the development of, W. H. Caldwell on, 1886, 686 Monsoon region, certain protracted irregu- larities of atmospheric pressure in the Indian, and their relation to variations of the local rainfall, H. F. Blanford on, 1874, 36 *Mont Blanc, the ascent of, by the Glacier de Brenva, G. S. Mathews on, 1865, 19 1 * - expeditions in the chain of, in¬ cluding the ascent of the Aiguille Verte, E. Whymper on some new, 1865, 191 - A. Adams-Reilly on a recent survey of the chain of, 1865, 128 Mont Cenis, J. B. Fell on locomotive engines and carriages on the central rail system for working steep gradients and sharp curves, as employed on the, 1866, 143 Monte Somma and Vesuvius, notice of a geological map of, by Dr. H. J. John- stone-Lavis, 1884, 730 *Monteiro (J. J.) on the application of the fibre of Adansonia digitata, 1875, 158 *Monteith (C. G.) on the lentil as an article of food, and its use from the earliest historical time, 1864, 125 Montgomerie (Col. T. G.) on Hima¬ layan glaciers, 1875, 193 Montgomeryshire, G. Maw on the trap- pean conglomerates of Middletown Hill, 1869, 96 Montrose, the glacial deposits at, Dr. Howden on, 1885, 1040 Monuments, rude stone, of the Khasi hill tribes, Major H. H. Godwin-Austen on the, 1874, 153 - some remarkable, in the neighbour¬ hood of Tiaret in Algeria, Col. Sir L, Playfair on, 1889, 668 Moody (H.), Canada, as it impresses and influences an emigrant, with notes on the North-west territory, 1883, 612 J Toon, contributiojis to a report o?i the physical aspect of the, by Prof. Phillips, 1861, 180; by W. R. Birt, 1S1 - report on mapping the surface of the, 1865, 286 ; 1866. 214 ; 1867, 1 ; 1868, 1 ; 1869, 76 * - ’s apogee, Newton’s explanation of the motion of the, Prof. J. C. Adams on, 1884, 645 - Prof. Hennessy on some of the characteristic differences between the configuration of the surfaces of the earth and, 1862, 14 - eclipse of the, F. Greene on some photographs of an, 1888, 617 - the genesis of the, and the oscil¬ lations of a rotating liquid spheroid, A. E. H. Love on, 1888, 562 - heat attained by the, under solar radiation, J. Park Harrison on the, 1865, 17 ; 1866, 20 — — influence of the, over the tempera- GENERAL INDEX. 287 ture of the air, J. Park Harrison on the additional evidence of the indirect, 1862, 31 Moon, influence of the, on the rainfall, W. Pengelly on the, 1871, 55 _ the lunar mountains, the Alps, the Mare Imbrium, and the Mare Frigoris, W. R. Birt on, 18G3, 3 - ‘ Mare Smithii,’ the walled plain ‘ Rosse,’ the ‘ Percy Mountains,’ &c., Dr. Lee on the, 1863, 7 - mean motion of the, Rev. E. Hincks on the quantity of the acceleration of the, as indicated by the records of certain ancient eclipses, 1861, 22 ; G. B. Airy’s remarks on this paper, 12 - mean motion in longitude of the, Rev. Dr. E. Hincks on the relationship between the variation of the eccentric¬ ity of the earth’s orbit and the, 1863, 6 * - mean motion of the, the solar eclipse of Agathocles considered in reply to Prof. Newcomb’s criticism on the co¬ efficient of acceleration of the, Prof. S. Haughton on, 1877, 31 - mountains of the, Dr. Beke on the origin of the designation, 1861, 184 - researches on the, by Prof. Phillips, 1863, 9 - the revolution period of the, and the rotational period of the earth deduced from the nebular hypothesis of Laplace, notes upon, W. F. Stanley on, 1885, 9T5 - surface of the, Rev. T. W. W ebb on the invisible part of the, 1864, 9 - surface of the, W. R. Birt on methods of detecting changes on the, 1864, 4 - surface of the, W. R. Birt on the extent of evidence which we possess elucidatory of ‘change ’ on the, 1868, 1 1 - surface of the, Baron von Madler on the changes of the, 1868, 514 * _ surface of the, W. R. Birt on the importance and necessity of continued systematic observations on the, 1873, 34 Moore (C.), notes on two Ichthyosauri exhibited to the meeting, 1861, 12 1 - on the paleontology of mineral veins, and on the secondary age of some mineral veins in the Carboniferous Limestone, 1862, 82 ; contributions to Australian geology and paheontologv, 83 - on the equivalents of the Cleveland ironstones in the West of England, 1863, 83 ; on the organic contents of the lead- veins of Allenheads and other lead-veins of Yorkshire, ih. - on the geology of the South-west of England, 1864, 59 - on mineral veins containing organic remains in the Carboniferous Lime¬ stone, 1868, 428; 1869, 360 Moore (C.) on new discoveries connected with Quaternary deposits, 1868, 74 - on a specimen of Teleosaurus from the Upper Lias, 1869, 97 - on the presence of naked Echino- dermata ( Holothuria ) in the Inferior Oolite and Lias, 1872, 117 - on the circulation of underground maters, 1875, 114 - on the age of the Durdham Down deposit yielding Thecodontosaurus, Sec., 1875, 77 - on ammonites and aptychi, 1879, 341 - on the mode of reproduction of cer¬ tain species of Ichthyosaurus from the Lias of England and Wur Lemberg, 1880, 68 — — proofs of the organic nature of Eozoon Canadense , 1880, 582 - on life in Laurentian and other Irish rocks, 1881, 610 * - (Dr. D.) on a monstrous state of Megacarpcea, 1874, 134; *onamonstrous flower of Sarracenia , ih. ; *on grafted roots of mangold-wurzel, ih. ; *on the growth of the stems of tree-ferns, ih. * - on Spiranthes Bomanzoviana, 1875. 158 *- - (H. F.), the depression in agri¬ culture : its effects and its lessons, 1881, 761 - (Thomas J.) on some improved methods of displaying birds in public museums, 1865, 92 - *on the ‘ Mortimer’ ship aquarium, 1870, 12 1 ; *on Bliinodon typicus , a rare shark, lately added to the Free Museum, Liverpool, ih. ; on work done by the Mercantile Marine of Liverpool in furtherance of zoology, ih. ; exhibi¬ tion of a remarkable hinged fish-jaw and of a young Lamantin , ih. Moorsom (Vice-Adm.) on steamship per¬ formance, 1861, 190 Moraine, the terminal, near Manchester, Prof. H. C. Lewis on, 1887, 724 Moraines as the retaining walls of lakes. E. Fry on, 1875, 64 - the terminal, of the great glaciers of England, Prof. H. C. Lewis on, 1887. 691 Moral idea, C. S. Wake on the origin of the, 1874, 158 * - sense, the Rev. Dr. M‘Cann on the origin of the, 1871, 155 Morality, E. B. Tylor on the relation of, to religion in the early stages of civil¬ isation, 1873, 148 Moray Firth, E. Roberts and Prof. Busk on the opening of a cyst of the Stone Age near the coast of the, 1863, 146 - the Bev. Walter Macgregor and Bohert Damson on dredging in the , 1866, 211 288 GENERAL INDEX. Morbihan, the lapidary sculptures of the dolmens of the, Adm. F. H. Tremlett on, 1884, 923 Morch (Dr.) on the scope of concholo- gical inquiries, 1865, 91 ; on the zoo¬ logical affinities of the Mollusca, ib. ; on the classification of the Mollusca, ib. . - - notice of dredging by the late H. P. C. Moller oil Fair Isle, between Orkney and Shetland, 1867, 93 Mordey (W. M.) on an electric motor phenomenon, 1886, 544 More (A. G.) on the discovery of Scir- pus parvulus in Ireland, 1868, 106 - on Spircmtlies Romanzoviana, Cham., 1871, 129; on Eriophorum alpinum, Linn., as a British plant, ib. ; on the occurrence of brown trout in salt water, 133; on some dredgings in Kenmare Bay, ib. - on the occurrence in Ireland of Nuphav intermedium , Ledeb., 1876, 144 ; exhibited Zoster a nana from Car¬ narvonshire, ib. - on the migration of birds, 1882, 283; 1883,229; 1884,266; 1885, 685 ; 1886, 264; 1887, 70; 1888, 146 Morecambe Bay, a comparison of, in 1836 and 1883, by Hyde Clarke, 1883, 631 Morell (J. D.) on the physical and phy¬ siological processes involved in sensa¬ tion, 1861, 168 ^Moresby (Capt. J.) on discoveries at the eastern end of New Guinea, 1873, 172 Morgan (E.) on the caves of NorthWales, 1886, 219 ; 1887, 301 * - (E. D.) on Russian accounts of Khiva and Turcomania, 1873, 172 - on ‘ Travels beyond Three Seas, by Athanasius Nikitin, Merchant of Tver, 1466-72,’ 1874, 1 77 - - on Prejevalski’s travels in Mongolia and Northern Tibet, 1875, 194 * - on Richthofen, Prejevalski, and Lake Lob, 1878, 629 * - on Prejevalski's travels in Tibet, 1886, 734 - on ‘Little Russia,’ 1888, 740; *on Russian topographical surveys, 741 - (J. B.) on the strata forming the base of the Silurian in North-east Montgomeryshire, 1890, 816 - (John E.) on an anemometer for registering the maximum force and ex¬ treme variation of the wind, 1861, 72 _ (T.) on the amendment of the patent laws, referring to several points not hitherto discussed, 1877, 18 1 - (T. M.), ortho-amido-cinnamic acid, 1883, 458 ; on the preparation of cin¬ namic acid, ib. - (W.) on an improved tuyere for smiths’ forges, 1874, 228 Moriarty (Staff-Captain) on tidal obser¬ vations, 1868, 489; 1870, 120 Morin, Dr. Delffs on, 1861, 78 Morley (Dr. H. F.) on chemical nomen¬ clature, 1884, 39; 1885, 262 - - (J.) on the cultivation of fern pro- thallia for laboratory purposes, 1886, 707 — — (John) on a common measure of value in direct taxation , 1876, 27 ; 1878, 220 ^Morocco, Dr. T. Hodgkin on some geo¬ logical appearances in the North-west of, 1864, 58 * - the growth of desert in, Dr. T. Hodgkin on, 1864, 191 * - Southern, Akkas and dwarfs in, R. G. Haliburton on, 1888, 745 Morotannic acid, Dr. Delffs on the non¬ existence of, 1861, 78 Moroxite, Dr. Voelcker on the composi¬ tion of crystallised, 1861, 93 *Morphia codeia, Dr. A. Matthiessen and C. R. Wright on the action of hydro¬ chloric acid on, 1869, 69 Morphine, Prof. Delffs on the detection of, by iodic acid, 1871, 69 - Dr. C. R. A. Wright on new deriva¬ tives from, 1872, 87 - Dr. C. R. A. Wright on new deriva¬ tives from codeine and, 1873, 67 '•^Morphology of the Antipatharia, George Brook on the, 1889, 642 * - of the human arterial system, Prof. A. MacAlister on the, 1885, 1068 * - of some Caesalpineas and the value of morphological criteria, Prof. Hartog on the, 1887, 763 * - of the long flexors of the digits of the mammalian hand, Prof. B. C. A. Windle on the, 1889, 616 - of the Rhabdophora, J. Hopkinson on some points in the, 1881, 649 - of vertebrate appendages, Prof. D'A. W. Thompson on the, 1885, 1065 *Morren (Prof. A.) sur une action par- ticuliere de la lumiere sur les sels d’argent, 1868, 19 - on the chemical reactions of light discovered by Prof. Tyndall , 1869, 66 Morris (Daniel) on the present state of our knowledge of the zoology and botany of the West India Islands, and on the steps taken to investigate ascertained deficiencies in the fauna and fiora, 1889, 93 ; 1890, 447 - (David) on the past and present pro¬ ductive power of cotton machinery, 1865, 155 - (Rev. F. O.) on the difficulties of Darwinism, 1868, 107; *1869, 1 5 1 * - on encroachments of the sea on the east coast of Yorkshire, 1871, 187 * - a double dilemma in Darwinism, 1876, 147 GENERAL INDEX. 289 *Morris (Kev. F. O.) on the doctrine of hereditism, 1890, 969 * - (J. T.), improvements in lifeboats, 1887, 882 * - (W.) on capital and labour, 1873, 196 - (W.) on the temperature of the earth within, 1878, 456 Morrison (G. -J.) on the adoption (for the general purposes of navigation) of charts on gnomonic projection instead of on Mercator’s projection, 1874, 42 - (J. D.) on a new system of house ventilation, 1869, 219 ; 1871, 240 - (J. T.) on the distribution of tem¬ perature in Loch Lomond and Loch Katrine during the past winter and spring, 1886, 528; on the distribution of temperature in the Firth of Clyde in April and June 1886, 529 *Morse (Prof. E. S.), ancient and modern methods of arrow release, 1887, 904 Morse printing telegraph, Prof. Zenger on a new key for the, 1871, 48 Mortality of adolescence, Dr. J. Beddoe on the, 1875, 205 - of abstainers and non-abstainers from alcoholic liquors, E. Vivian on the comparative, 1875, 220 - - of Bombay, P. M. Tait on the popu¬ lation and, 1869, 199 - of Lancashire, F. Purdy on the, 1862, 165 - of Lancashire, &c., F. Purdy on the, during the year ended at Midsummer 1863, 1863, 159 - and marriage amongst Europeans in India, Samuel Brown on the rates of, 1864, 163 - of orphan children in Ireland, Bev. W. Caine on ten years’ statistics of the, 1861, 208 - in Paris and London, William Tite on the comparative rates of, 1864, 177 - proportional, B. Latham on, 1886, 780 Mortar, the ancient Roman, from the London Wall, J. Spiller on the composi¬ tion of, 1888, 637 - Roman, John Spiller on an analysis of the, of Burgh Castle, Suffolk, 1868, 43 * - Major-Gen. H. Y. D. Scott on the selenitic method of making, 1872, 250 ^Mortimer (J. R.) on the distribution of flint in the Chalk of Yorkshire, 1875, 78 - on sections of the drift obtained from the new drainage works of Drif¬ field, 1881, 617; account of the dis¬ covery of six ancient dwellings, found under and near to British barrows on the Yorkshire wolds, 691 - a probable site of Delgovitia, 1890, 980 ; a supposed Roman camp at Octon, ib . Morton (G. H.) on the Pleistocene depo¬ sits of the district around Liverpool, 1861, 120 - on the glaciated condition of the sur¬ face of the Triassic sandstone around Liverpool, 1870, 81; on the Mountain Limestone of Flintshire and part of Denbighshire, 82 - on the erratic blocks of England and. Wales, 1874, 192 ; 1875, 82; 1876, 1103 on the erratic blocks of England, Wales and Ireland , 1877, 81 ; 1878, 185 - on the circulation of underground, maters, 1875, 114; 1876, 95 ; 1877, 56; 1878, 382; 1879, 155; 1880,87; 1881, 309; 1882, 213; 1883, 147; 1884,96; 1885, 380; 1886, 235; 1887, 358; 1888, 145 ; 1889, 71 ; 1890, 352 - on the Carboniferous Limestone and Millstone Grit in the country around Llangollen, N. Wales, 1877, 74 - - - section across the Trias recently ex¬ posed by a railway excavation in Liver¬ pool, 1883, 489 - on the Carboniferous Limestone of the north of Flintshire, 1886, 673 - on the exploration of the Cae Grnjn Cave, North Wales , 1887, 301 - on the Bunfer and Keuper forma¬ tions in the country around Liverpool, 1890, 819 *Moseley (H. N.) on the vegetation of Bermuda, 1873, 105 - [Prof. H. N.], Address to the Biological Section, 1884, 746; on the trapping of young fish by the water weed lltricularia vulgaris, 761 ; on the ova of Monotremes, 777 ; on the pre¬ sence of eyes and other sense organs in the shells of the Chitonidse, 7S0 ; on the structure and arrangement of the feathers in the Dodo, 782 - on the aid given by the Dominion Government and the Government of the United States to the encouragement of fisheries and to the investigation of the various forms of marine life on the coasts and rivers of North America, 1885, 479; on promoting the establish¬ ment of marine biological stations on the coast of the United Kingdom , 480 ; on the exploration of New Guinea, 690 ; on the scientific examination of the country in the vicinity of Mount U or aim a in Guiana, ib. - on the occupation of a table at the Zoological Station at Naples, 1885, 466 ; 1886,254; 1887, 77; 1888,150 - on the promotion of the study of geo¬ graphy, 1887, 158 - on arrangements for assisting the Marine Biological Association labora¬ tory at Plymouth, 1887, 59 ; 1888, 94 - on the desirability of further re- U 290 GENERAL INDEX. search in the Antarctic rey tons, 1888, Moseley [Prof. H. N.] and E. Ray Lankester on the nomenclature of mammalian teeth and the teeth of the mole, 1868, 1 17 Mosquito and Wulwa dialects, R. S. Charnockand C. Carter Blake on, 1869, 129 * - territory, John Collinson on the Indians of the, 1866, 96 *Moss (Dr. E. L.) on the geographical significance of North Polar ice, 1878, 636 - - on a collection of organic remains from the kitchen-middens of Hissarlik, 1879, 401 ; experiments on septic organisms in living tissues, 416 - (J. F.) on science teaching in con¬ nection with elementary schools, 1879, 476 _ — (R. J.) on apparatus employed in researches on Crookes’s force, 1878, 489 ; on spheroidal drops, ib. . - G. J. Stoney, and G. F. Fitz¬ Gerald on the support of spheroidal drops and allied phenomena, 1878, 441 Moss ( Aviblystegiiim confervoides ) new to Britain, Dr. J. Fraser on a, 1867, 82 - - Dr. J. Fraser on a new British, Hypnum Bambergeri, 1868, 96 Mosses, British, the identification of by their distinctive characters, Mrs. Far- quharson on, 1885, 1063 * — — in Great Britain and Ireland, John Shaw on the distribution of, 1866, 79 - of the North-east of Ireland, S. A. Stewart on the, 1874, 134 - of the West Riding of Yorkshire, C. P. Hobkirk on the, 1873, 104 - . a curious habitat of certain, C. P. Hobkirk on, 1887, 77 2 - J. R. Yaizey on the constitution of cell-walls and its relation to absorption in, 1887, 772 Moss-flora of the West Riding, recent additions to the, C. P. Hobkirk on, 1879, 375 ^Mossman (Dr. S.) on the constitution of the atmosphere, 1864, 36 ; on the atmosphere, showing that there is a difference in its vital constituents north and south of the Equator, 146 - on the inundation and subsidence of the Yang-tsze river, in China, 1871, 187 * - on the topography of Yeddo, 1872, 211 M< 'tion of a body having three degrees of freedom, Prof. Ball on a geometrical solution of the problem of the impul¬ sive, 1873, 26 - . communication of, between bodies moving at different velocities, J. W. Pearse on, 18S7, S82 Motion, conversions of, H. Hart on some, 1874, 17 - Lagrange’s equation of, referred to generalised co-ordinates, sketch of a proof of, by R. B. Hayward, 1869, 10 * - parallel, W. Hayden on approxi¬ mate, 1874, 18 - parallel, elliptical, and angular, G. Fawcus on combined, 1880, 699 - - - temperature-equilibrium of an en¬ closure in which there is a body in visible, Balfour Stewart on the, 1871, 45 - of two cylinders in a fluid, W. M. Hicks on the, 1878, 475 * - vitality as a mode of, Dr. Thomp¬ son Dickson on, 1868, 114 Motions produced by dilute acids on some amalgam surfaces, R. Sabine on, 1878, 435 Motive power, certain economical im¬ provements in obtaining, Richard Eaton on, 1869, 226; 1870, 215 - power from the motion of a ship among waves, B. Tower on a machine for obtaining, 1875, 253 ^Motors, Prof. J. D. Everett on the cal¬ culus of, 1875, 1 1 *Mott (A. S.) on the source and function of carbon in the crust of the earth, 1877, 75 - - (Frederick T.) on the Maury baro¬ meter, a new instrument for measuring' altitudes, 1869, 51 - - on the scientific value of physical beauty, 1870, 134 * - on the theory of the scientific value of beauty in relation to the doctrines of Mr. Darwin and Mr. F. Galton, 1872, x37 - on reformatory punishment, 1879, 478 * - on an instructional system of arrangement in provincial museums, 1882, "597 — — on provincial museums, their work and value, 1886, 686 - on the provincial museums of the United Kingdom , 1887, 9 7; 1888, 124 Mouatt (Dr. F. J.) on prison dietary in India, 1861, 170 - on the value of European life in India, 1875, 217 - on the work of the Anthropometric Committee , 1876,266; 1877,231 ; 1878, 152 *Mouhot (II.), Cambodia and the Laos States, 1862, 196 Mounds in Ohio, a group of, exploration of, by F. W. Putnam, 1884, 899 * Mount Caburn, Lewes, Sussex, excava¬ tions at, Maj.-Gen. Lane Fox on, 1878, 5S0 -- — - Pindus, Major R. Stuart on the Vlakhs of, 1867, 130 GENERAL INDEX. 291 Mountain Limestone, experiments on con¬ tortion of, by L. C. Miall, 1869, 97 - corals , report of the Committee ap¬ pointed to get cot and prepared sections of, for the purpose of showing their structure by means of photography , 1869, 171 ; 1870, 41 ; 1871, 165' - of Flintshire and part of Denbigh¬ shire, G H. Morton on the, 1870, 82 — — - certain isolated areas of, at Luck- ington and Vobster, J. McMurtrie on, 1875, 76 - at Raygill, the exploration of a fissure in the, J. W. Davis on, 1881, 645 — — at Raygill , report on the exploration of a fissure in the , 1883, 133 ; 1884, 240 : 1886, 469 Mountains of the Moon, Africa, C. T. Beke on the, 1861, 184 - ancient maps of Egypt, Lake Moeris, and the, Cope Whitehouse on, 1890, 896 Mourne Mountains and Slieve Croob, Prof. Hull and W. A. Traill on the relative ages of the granitic, plutonic, and volcanic rocks of the, 1871, 101 Mouth, Dr. W. Kenceley Bridgman on electrolysis in the, 1868, 112 ^Movement of land in Aberdeen Bay, W. Smith on the, 1885, 1193 Movements of the ground, the measure¬ ment of the, with reference to proposed earthquake observations on Ben Nevis, Prof. J. A. Ewing on, 1885, 920 Muller (Dr. F.) on McIntyre’s journey across Australia, and discovery of traces of Leichhardt, 1865, 124 ‘Muffa’ of the sulphur-springs of Val- dieri in Piedmont, M. Moggridge on the, 1868, 106 Muhammed II., great cannon of, F. A. Abel on the chemical composition of the, 1868, 34 *Muir (M. M. Pattison) on an antimony¬ ore from New Zealand, 1871, 76 - on essential oil of sage, 1876, 65; on the action of dilute saline solutions upon lead, 66 ; on certain compounds of bismuth, ib. - on the teaching of chemistry, 1887, 651 - on the present methods of teaching chemistry , 1888, 73 ; 1889, 228; 1890, 265 - (Thomas) on convergents, 1876, 27 ; *on the relation between two conti¬ nued fraction expansions for series, 1876, 28 - on the desirability of introducing a uniform nomenclature for the funda¬ mental units of mechanics , 1888, 27 *- — — (W. K.) on single-track railwavs, 1884, 885 Muirhead (Dr. A.) on the constancy of capacity of certain accumulators, 1879, 283 - on standards for use in electrical measurements , 1881, 423 ; 1882, 70 ; 1883, 41; 1884, 29; 1885, 31; 1886, 145; 1887, 206; 1888, 55; 1889, 41; 1890, 95 - note on the air -condensers of the British Association, 1890, 113 - (Dr. H.) on left-handedness, 1878, 582 - on the work of the Anthropometric Committee , 1880, 120; 1881, 225 - on the length of the sun-spot period, 1880, 465 - on the arrangement of cometic peri¬ helia with reference to the sun’s march in space, 1881, 532 - on obtaining photographs of the typical races in the British Isles , 1882, 270 - on the facial characteristics of the races and principal crosses in the British Isles, 1883, 306 ; 1884, 294 - - on the formation of mackerel sky, 1884, 644 - on the herds of wild cattle in Chart- ley Park and other parhs in Great Britain , 1887, 135 ; on the prehistoric inhabitants of the British Islands, 1887, 168; 1888, 289; 1889, 318; 1890, 548 - on the effects of different occupations and employments on the physical de¬ velopment of the human body , 1888, 100 ; 1889, 186 - on the heliocentric longitudes of cometic perihelia, 1889, 488 Mulatto, Dr. B. W. Foster on a peculiar change of colour in a, 1866, 91 Mulberry trees, Prof. E. Faivre on annu¬ lar incisions on, 1868, 95 Mulhall (M. G.) on the increase of national wealth since the time of the Stuarts, 1883, 624 - on national debts, 1884, 838 - on the variations of price-level since 1850, 1885, 1157 - the growth of American industries and wealth, 1888, 757 Mull and Inch Kenneth, J. W. Judd on the discovery of Cretaceous rocks in the islands of, 1872, 115 *Muller (Dr.) on Euphorbiaceae, 1864, 87 - (Prof. H.) on the existence and arrangement of the fovea centralis re¬ tinas in the eyes of animals, 1861, 171 - (Dr. Hugo) on chemical nomencla¬ ture, 1885, 262 * Multiples and submultiples, G. J. Stoney on a nomenclature for, 1866, 6 Mummies of ancient Egyptian kings recentlv unrolled at Boulak, note on U 2 292 GENERAL INDEX. photographs of, by Sir J. W. Dawson, 1886, 845 Mundella (A. J.) on combinations of capital and labour , 1875, 146 - on the German and other systems of teaching the deaf to speak , 1880, 216 Mundesley, Norfolk, Prof. J. Phillips on the Drift-beds of, 1863, 85 - and Westleton beds, the strata between the Chillesford beds and the Lower Boulder Clay, Prof. J. Prestwich on the, 1881, 620 - and Westleton beds, the exten¬ sion of, into Essex, Middlesex, and other inland counties, in relation to the age of certain hill-gravels and of some of the valleys of the South of England, Prof. J. Prestwich on the, 1881, 620 Mundle (W.) and G. A. Lebour on the Tertiarv Coal-field of Southern Chile, 1870, 78 Mungao district in East Africa, a visit to, in 1876, Dr. J. Kirk on, 1877, 145 Municipalisation of the land, Sir G. Camp¬ bell on the, 1885, 1158 Miintz and Ramspacher’s apparatus for the estimation of tannic acid, J. Watts on, 1875, 46 Munro (Prof. J. E. C.), sliding scales in the coal industry, 1885, 1173 - on the regulation of mages by means of lists in the cotton industry , 1886, 282 ; 1887, 303 - the probable effects on re ages of a general reduction in the hours of labour, 1890, 472 - (Dr. R.), the archaeological import¬ ance of ancient British lake-dwellings, and their relation to analogous remains in Europe, 1885, 1221 - on the prehistoric inhabitants of the British Islands, 1887, 168; 1888, 289; 1889, 318; 1890 548 — on some archaeological remains bear¬ ing on the question of the origin of the Anglo-Saxons in England, 1890, 976 ; on prehistoric otter and beaver traps, 978 Munztnger (W.) on a journey into the interior of Hadramaut, 1870, 172 Muriatic acid, the Rev. H. Highton on a method of preserving food by, 1871, 73 Murchison (Sir R. I.), Address to the Section of Geology, 1861, 95 ; *on the maps and sections recently pub¬ lished by the Geological Survey, 12 1 ; letter from Sir H. Robinson relating to the journey of Major Sarel, Capt. Blakiston, Dr. Barton, and another, who are endeavouring to p ss from China to the North of India, 1 96 - letter from Dr. Livingston • o, from the River Zambesi, 1862, 146 Murchison (Sir R. I.), observations upon the Permian group of the N.W. of Eng¬ land, 1863, 83 ; Address to the Section of Geography, 126 * - on the occurrence of the same fossil plants in the Permian rocks of Westmoreland and Durham, 1864, 59; Address to the Section of Geography, 130 - on the establishment of magnetic observations on tie Kew system at the Observatory at Tiflis, 1865, 313 — - — - Address to the Section of Geology. 1865, 41 ; letter from Samuel Baker on Luta Nzige, a second source of the Nile, 112 - on the parts of England and Wales in which coal may and may not be looked for beyond the known Coal-fields. 1866, 57 ; on the reported discovery of the remains of Leichhardt in Australia, 114 - observations on the Livingstone search expedition now in progress, 1867, 126 ; on the International Pre¬ historic and Anthropological Congress, ib. - Address to the Section of Geographv. 1870, 158 Murdat (T. J.), *apparatus for reading indications of distant meteorological instruments, 1889, 509 ; on the period¬ ical return of storms, ib. Mubie (Dr. -J.) on the development of fungi within the thorax of living birds, 1871, 129; on the systematic position of Sivatherium giganteum, 108 Murphy (G. R ), the Victoria and other torpedoes, 1890, 952 - (J. J.) on the distribution of heat on the sun's surface, and the currents in its atmosphere, 1863, 9 - on M‘Lennan’s theory of 4 Primitive Marriage,’ 1874, 156 Murray (Andrew) on the future ad¬ ministration of the Natural History Collections in the British Museum, 1867, 94 - (G. R. M.) and A. W. Bennett, a re¬ formed system of terminology of the reproductive organs of Thaliophytes, 1880, 600 - on the flora of the Bahamas, 1888. 361 - (J.) *notes on oceanic deposits and their origin, based on observations made on board H.M.S. ‘ Challenger,’ 1876, 147; on the geological distribu¬ tion of oceanic deposits, 183 - on making meteorological obser¬ vations on Ben Nevis . 1883, 125 ; 1884, 36 ; 1885, 90 ; 1886, 58 ; 1*87, 34 ; 1888, 49 ; 1889, 315 ; 1890, 174 - on the collection and identification of meteoric dust, 1885, 34; 1889, 34 GENERAL INDEX. 293 Murray (J.) on the establishment of a marine biological station at Granton , Scotland , 1885, 474; 1886, 251 ; 1887, 91 ; 1888, 319 - - on the depth of the permanently frozen soil in the Polar regions , 1886, 271 ; 1887, 152; on the combination of the Ordnance and Admiralty surreys, and the production of a bathy-hypso- graphiccd map of the Brit ish Isles, 1886, 277; on the desirability of further re¬ search in the Antarctic regions , 1886, 277 ; 1888, 316 - on the definition of the area of the British marine Fauna and Flora, 1887, 95 - on the seasonal variations of tem¬ perature in lakes, rivers, and estuaries. 1888, 326; 1889, 44; 1890, 92 . - and the Abbe A. Renard on the volcanic products of the deep sea of the Central Pacific, with reference to the ‘ Challenger’ expedition, 1879, 340 * - (J. Wolfe), note on a cross traced upon a hill at Cringle tie, near Peebles, 1871, 156 - (Dr. W.) on the investigation of instinctive actions, 1863, 119 Muscle, pronator quadratics, Prof. A. Macalister exhibited a sketch of some varieties of the, 1870, 142 - velocity of the contraction-wave in curarised, E. A, Schafer on directly determining the, 1882, 575 Muscles of the mammalian foot, Dr. D. J. Cunningham on the intrinsic, 1878, 599 - in man and other animals, Dr. Cle- land on the ligamentous action of the long, 1863, 1 1 1 * - Prof. Rolleston on the pectorales, 1868, 120 - in the gills of fishes, Dr. J. A. McWilliam on the striated, 1885, 1077 Muscular activity, E. R. Lankester on the existence of hmmoglobin in the muscles, and its relation to, 1871, 140 * - contraction, Dr. Radcliffe on the mechanism of, 1872, 152 - contraction, the theory of, G. F. FitzGerald on, 1878, 601 * - fibre, the structure of, as demon¬ strated by ‘ castings ’ taken in collo- dium, J. B. Hay craft on, 1890, 860 - force in animals, Dr. Lyon Playfair on the origin of, 1866, 43 - irritability , Dr. 11. Norris on, 1866, 157 — movements, the, that are associated with certain complex motions, Dr. R. J. Anderson on, 1883, 544 - and pulmonary tissue in health and in phthisis, Dr. W. Marcet on the nutrition of, 1871, 140 Museum of natural history, a national, P. L. Sclater on certain principles to be observed in the establishment of, 1870, 123 - how a national, might be built and arranged with advantage, by R. A. Peacock, 1872, 138 ^Museums, the arrangement of, discus¬ sion on, 1887, 736 - - improved methods of displaying birds in, T. J. Moore on some, 1865, 92 - T. B. Grierson on the establishment of local, 1871, 126 * - F. T. Mott on an instructional system of arrangement in provincial, 1882, 597 - their work and value, F. T. Mott on provincial, 1886, 686 - of the United Kingdom, report on the provincial, 1887, 97; 1888, 124; errata in the first report , 1888, 132 *Mushet (R.) on the treatment of melted cast iron and its conversion into iron and steel by the pneumatic process, 1866, 147 Music, the racial aspects of, J. Ivaines on, 1870, 152 ^Musical beats and resultant tones, R. Konig on, 1872, 58 * - instrument, J. Philips on a, 1882, 478 * - intervals, W. Spottiswoode on, 1870, 15 - slide rule, J. Swinburne on a, 1887, 621 - sounds produced by carbon, Dr. T. L. Phipson on, 1863, 50 Musicians, vital and other statistics ap¬ plicable to, P. M. Tait on, 1880, 666 Mussel, the common ( [Mytilus edulis, L.), the reproduction of, J. Wilson on, 1885, 1094 Mussel-shell, fossil, found in the Drift in Ireland, Eugene A. Conwell on a, 1869, 87 Mycenae, the district of, and its early occupants, Dr. J. S. Phene on, 1877, 119 *Mycorhiza, Dr. F. W. Oliver on a case of, 1889, 649 Mylne (R. W.) on the rainfall in the British Isles, 1866, 281; 1867, 448; 1868, 432 ; 1869, 383 ; 1870, 170; 1871, 98 ; 1872, 176 ; 1873, 257 - on the circulation of underground maters, 1875, 114 *Myographion, the demonstration of a new, by Prof. McKendrick, 1887, 783 Myology of Gy clot hums didactylus, J. C. Galton on the, 1869, 121 _ of the gorilla and chimpanzee, ob¬ servations on the, by Dr. J. Symington, 1889, 629 _ of the shoulder and upper arm of 294 GENERAL INDEX. the Thylacine, Cuscus, and Phascogale, Dr. D. J. Cunningham on the, 1877, 107 Myriapod of the genus Euphoberia in the Coal-Measures of Kilmaurs, H. Wood¬ ward on the discovery of a large, 1869, 103 Myriothela phrygia, Prof. Allman on some points in the histology of, 1874, 135 Mythology, Edward B. Tylor on lan¬ guage and, as departments of biolo¬ gical science, 1868, 120 - natural, and some of the incentives to its adoption in Britain and Ireland, J. S. Phene on, 1874, 158 Myxine glutinosa , the tail of, Prof. Cle- land on, 1885, 1069 Ify xog aster, C. E. Broome on a recently discovered species of, 1869, 108 ♦Nachtigall (Dr. G.) expedition from the Lake Tchad to the Upper Kile, 1875, 195 Nachtigall’s (Dr. G.) explorations in Africa, 1869-74, E. G. Bavenstein on, 1874, 175 Naegele’s obliquely contracted pelvis, the aberrant form of the sacrum connected ■with, Dr. A. Thomson on, 1878, 605 Nagel-flue of the Rigi and Rossberg, note on the, by Prof. T. G. Bonney, 1 883, 507 * Naiadacem , Dr. I. B. Balfour on, 1878, 570 ♦Nakamura (T.) and Dr. Divers, an apparently new hydrocarbon distilled from Japanese petroleum, 1885, 975 Names, the prehistoric, for man, mon¬ key, lizard, &c., Hyde Clarke on, 1876, 165 Naxsen (Dr. F.), observations on the Greenland ice-sheet, 1889, 573; *on Greenland, 668 ; *on the Esquimaux, 788 Naphthalene derivatives, report on the in¬ vestigation of isomeric , 1883, 132 ; 1884, 74; 1886, 216; 1887,231 ; 1888, 96 ; 1889, 172 ; *1890, 775 Naphthylic sulphide, Dr. H. E. Armstrong on alpha- and beta-, 1873, 62 ♦Napier's original method of logarithms, Prof. Purser on, 1871, 23 ♦Napier (Capt. the Hon. G.) on the Turcoman frontier of Persia, 1875, 195 - (the Right Hon. Joseph), report on technical and scientific evidence in courts of lam, 1862, 373 ; 1866, 456 - - (J. R.) on steamship performance , 1861, 190; 1862, 282; 1863, 339 - on the resistance of mater to floating and immersed bodies, 1865, 56 - on the difference between the resist¬ ance of mater to floating and to im¬ mersed bodies , 1866, 148 Napier (J. R.) on the analysis and con¬ densation of the information contained in the reports of the ‘ Steam-ship Per¬ formance ’ Committee, and other sources of information on the same subject , 1867, 58 - on a uniformity of weights and mea¬ sures, 1868, 484 ; 1869, 308 ; 1870, 232 ; 1871, 198 ; 1872, 25 - fon Napier’s pressure log, 1873, 214 - on instruments for measuring the speed of ships, 1874, 255; 1878, 219; 1879, 210 - on the effect of propellers on the steering of vessels, 1876, 66 ; 1877, 200 ; 1878, 419 - on patent legislation, 1878, 157; 1879, 223 - and Prof. W. J. Macquorx Rak- kine on the use of movable seats for slide-valves, 1S67, 156 Naples, report on the zoological station at. See ‘ Zoological station ’ Napo, a journey from Guayaquil to the, by the Upper Patassa route, Alfred Simson on, 1877, 148 Narcotine, Dr. A. Matthiessen and G. C. Foster on the constitution and rational formula of, 1863, 46 Nares (Capt. Sir G.) on the desirability of f urther research in the Antarctic regions, 1886, 277; 1888, 316; on the erosion of the sea-coasts of -England and Wales, 1886, 847 ; 1888^898 Narwhal, the stomach of the : the bear¬ ing of its histology on Turner’s and Max Weber’s nomenclature of the stomach of the ziphioid and delphinoid whales, Dr. G. S. Woodhead and R. W. Gray on, 1889, 635 Nasmyth (J.) on some peculiar features in the structure of the sun’s surface, 1862, 16 ♦ - on an improved form of ‘ link ’ motion, 1862, 196 - report on the application of gun¬ cotton to marlihe purposes , 1863, 1 ; 1865, 264 ♦ - on a spherical pendulous safety- valve, 1876, 229 Natal, Dr. R. J. Mann on the. Kaffirs of, 1866, 1 1 2 ; on the physical geography and climate of, 113 - Dr. R. J. Mann on the resemblance and contrasts of the climates of the Mauritius and, 1868, 21 ; meteorolo¬ gical observations made at Pietermar¬ itzburg, 24 ; on the Coal-field of, 73 - the rainfall of, Dr. R. Mann on, 1869,41 ; *the gold of, Dr. R. Mann on, 96 - the physical aspects of Zululand and, B. Tower on, 1879, 442 - and the border countries, geological GENERAL INDEX. 295 facts observed in, Rev. G. Blencowe on, 1879, 349 Nation, the definition of a, J. Park Harrison on, 1888, 850 National accounts, F. P. Fellows on our, 1869, 190 - accounts and finance, F. P. Fellows •on a proposed Doomsday Book, giving the value of Government property as a basis for a sound system of, 1871, 21 1 - accounts, suggestions for improving and extending our, by F. P. Fellows, 1872, 224 ; 1873, 186 ; 1874, 204 * - bank and payment of the national debt, F. J. Wilson on, 1866, 137 - debts, R. D. Baxter on, 1870, 187 -* - debt, the impolicy, on economic grounds, of converting the, into ter¬ minable annuities, Dr. T. De Meschin on, 1870, 196 - debt, the, and our disbursements from 1688, F. P. Fellows on, 1873, 186 - debts, M. G. Mulhall on, 1884, 838 - wealth, the increase of, since the time of the Stuarts, M. G. Mulhall on, 1883, 624 Nationality, anthropology, sociology, and, D. Mackintosh on, 1875, 176 Natives of India, report on the habits , customs, 'physical characteristics, and religions of the, 1890, 547 Natural co-ordination, as evinced in organic evolution, Dr. W. Fraser on, 1884, 772 _ History collections of the British Museum, Andrew Murray on the future administration of the, 1867, 94 - History, Dr. C. Collingwood on the collection of objects of, by the mer¬ cantile marine, 1861, 138 - History, the establishment of a National Museum of, P. L. Sclater on certain principles to be observed in, 1870, 123 - History Societies, Sir W. Elliot on the advantage of systematic co-operation among provincial, so as to make their observations available to naturalists generally, 1871, 124 - - selection, the theory of, looked at from a mathematical point of view, A. W. Bennett on, 1870, 130 ^Nature, the three kingdoms of, a tabular view of the relation which subsists be¬ tween, with regard to organisation, II. Freke on, 1862, 195 ':fNAUDET (M.) on a metallic or liolosteric barometer, 1863, 24 Naukratis, the discovery of, W. M. F. Petrie on, 1885, 1216 Naumann (Dr. E.), terrestrial magnetism as modified by the structure of the earth’s crust, and proposals concerning . a magnetic survey of the globe, 1889, 565 Nautilus, the pearly {Nautilus pomp i li us), the structure of the shell in, H. Wood¬ ward on, 1870, 128 - the habits of the, Dr. G. Bennett on, 1877, 101 f - the difference between the males and females of the, A. G. Bourne on, 1883, 528 *Naval efficiency and dockyard economy, C. Lamport on, 1871, 212 * - signalling, Sir W. Thomson on, 1876, 233 Navigation, A. Henderson on the rise and progress of clipper and steam, on the coasts and rivers of China and India, 1861, 258 * - - and meteorolog3', A. de Marcoartu on the application of telegraphy to, 1873, 43 * - sounding machine for use at full speed, Sir W. Thomson on a, 1877, 218 Navy, Dr. Grace Calvert on the chemical composition of seme woods employed in the, 1861, 77 — — E. J. Reed on the iron- cased ships of the British, 1861, 232 - Prof. Leone Levi on the economical administration of the, 1864, 169 - — - finance, R. Mann on, 1869, 196 - F. P. Fellows on the, 1870, 190 *Necera, the anatomy of, Prof. A. C. Haddon on, 1886, 710 Neanderthal skull, Prof. W. King on the, 1863, 81 — — the original, Prof. Schaaffhausen on, 1880, 624 Neaves (Lord), Address to the Section of Economic Science and Statistics, 1871, 191 Nebula, R.A. 20° 56', N.P.D. 101° 56', William Lassell on a brilliant elliptic ring in the planetary, 1862, 14 - in Argo, Rev. Dr. Robinson on the appearance of the, as seen in the great Melbourne telescope, 1869, 20 * - Dr. Gill on the parallax of a planetary, 1871, 34 — — in Orion, the photographic spectrum of the great, Dr. W. Huggins on, 1882, 443 Nebulae, Prof. A. IT. Rucker on comet ic, 1889, 489 - Dr. W. Huggins on the proper motions of, 1873, 34 ^Nebular theory of the origin of the earth, confirmation of the, G. J. Stoney on the, 1874, 22 Necklaces in relation to prehistoric com¬ merce, Miss A. W. Buckland on, 1888, 849 Nectar of flowers, A. S. Wilson on the, 1878, 567 - gland of Reseda , Prof. A. S. Wilson on the, 1883, 537 296 GENERAL INDEX *Needles Light, the importance of giving a distinctive character to the, Sir W. Thomson on, 3 877, 218 Negretti and Zambra’s test-gauge solar- radiation thermometer, G. J. Symons on, 1873, 47 Negretti (H.) on Negretti and Zambra’s patent recording and deep-sea thermo¬ meter, 1874, 43 Negro, Dr. James Hunt on the physical and mental characters of the, 1863, 140 - J. Crawfurd on the Oriental, 1865, 1 1 7 ; and on the physical and mental characteristics of the African or Occi¬ dental, il). ^ - -European dialects of Surinam and Curayoa, E. B. Tylor on the, 1865, 130 - - tribes of Central Africa, Sir S. W. Baker on the character of the, 1866, 104 - - Dr. John Davy on the character of the, chiefly in relation to industrial habits, 1867, 1 1 5 - - R. Garner on the brain of a, 1869, 132 Nehemiah’s wall and the Royal Sepulchres, G. St. Clair on, 1888, 744 Neild (Alderman) on the price of print¬ ing-cloth and upland cotton from 1812 to 1860, 1861, 229 Neill (A.) on the Bradford building trades, 1873, 196; on stone-dressing in Bradford, 214 * - (Mrs. B.) on the acclimatisation of the silkworm, 1875, 218 Neilson (Robert) on agricultural ma- , chinery, 1869, 404 Neison (Francis G. P.) on the influence of occupation upon health, 1868, 174 Neolithic implement, a hitherto unde¬ scribed, Dr. J. S. Holden on, 1873, 146 - - age, a new estimate of the date of the, S. B. J. Skertclily on, 1879, 380 — - period, the survival of the, at Bran¬ don, Suffolk, S. B. J. Skertchly on, 1879, 400 * - times, surgery and superstition in. Miss A. W. Buckland on, 1880, 630 ■ - floor, the early, of East Lancashire, Dr. H. C. March on, 1887, 912 * - details, some, Dr. H. C. March on, 1890, 977 * Nepenthes, the morphology of the pitcher of, Prof. Bower on, 1888, 702 Neroli, Dr. J. E. De Vrij on the possibility of manufacturing, in the British Colonies, 1865, 39 Nerve-supply, the value of, in the deter¬ mination of muscular anomalies, Prof. D. J. Cunningham on, 1884, 768 *Nerves, the termination of motor, and their connection with muscular con¬ tractions, Prof. W. Kuhne on, 1862, 195 * - the termination of, in the vestibule and semicircular canals of mammals, Dr. U. Pritchard on, 1876, 156 Nerves, on the development of the roots of the, and on their propagation to the central organs and to the periphery, Prof. His on, 1887, 773 ^Nervous system, Dr. B. W. Richardson on effects produced by applying extreme cold to certain parts of the, 1867, 103 * - system of the Medusas, G. J. Romanes on the, 1878, 601 * - system of Myxine and Pctromyzon , Prof. D’A. Thompson on the, 1886, 691 - — - tissue, W. E. C. Nourse on the action of the, concerned in perception, 1864, 125 *Ness (W.) on the Coal-Measures in Mold Valley, and their products, 1865, 68 Nest q earing. Prof. H. C. Fleeminq Jenkin on, 1883, 387 *Nets in space, geometrical, Sir W. R. Hamilton on, 1861, 4 Netting made by slitting and expanded sheet metal, J. F. Golding on, 1890, 949 Nettle-cells, the function of, Dr. R. Yon Lendenfeld on, 1886, 710 Neubauer (Dr. A.), notes on the races of the Jews, 1884, 917 Neumayer (Dr. A.), list of radiant-points of meteoric showers in the southern hemisphere, 1868, 405 - on the recent fall of an aerolite at Krahenburg in the Palatinate, 1869, 20; ^scheme for a scientific explora¬ tion of Australia, 165 Neutralisation, the thermal phenomena of, and their bearing on the nature of solution, Dr. W. W. J. Nicol on, 1887, 656 Neville (F. H.) and C. T. Heycocic on the molecular weights of the metals : an application of Raoult’s method to alloys, 1889, 534 * - (J.) on the axis of least moments in a rectangular beam, 1873, 32 - - on the means adopted for the im¬ provement of the outer navigable channel of Dundalk Harbour, 1874, 228 ; on a new construction for finding the vertical shearing-stress and the point of greatest bending-moment in a beam loaded in any way, 229 - - on movable and fixed weirs, with reference to the improvement of the navigation, mill power, and drainage of flood waters of rivers, with especial notice of the River Shannon, 1878, 691 * - (P.) on the Dublin Waterworks, 1878, 712 *Nevins (Dr. J. B.) on a new theory respecting the heating of liquids, 1870, 61 - on the changes which occur in plants during the ripening of the seeds, GENERAL INDEX 297 1871, 130; on the nature of the cruciferous fruit, with reference to the replum, ib. Nevjnson (B. G.) on the Coleoptera of the Atlas Mountains , Morocco , 1889, 1 7 1 Newall (H. F.) on molecular phenomena associated with the magnetisation of iron ( phenomena occurring at a red heat), 1890, 145 — — and Prof. J. J. Thomson on Ohm's lam in bad conductors , 1886, 308 New Britain and neighbouring islands, six years’ exploration in, W. Powell on, 1880, 658 * - Britain. Rev. G. Brown on, 1886, 731 - - Britain group, marriage customs of the, Rev. B. Danks on, 1888, 847 - Code, the proposed revised , report of the Committee for matching and reporting on the workings of, and of other legislation affecting the teaching of science in elementary schools , 1881, 148; 1882, 307; 1883, 309 - - Forest, Gr. E. Briscoe Eyre on cot¬ tagers and open wastes in the district of the, 1882, 645 - . Guinea and its islands, Alfred R. Wallace on the trade of the Eastern Archipelago with, 1862, 148 * - Guinea, Capt. J. Moresby on dis¬ coveries at the eastern end of, 1873, 172 - Guinea, Rev. W. W. Gill on three visits to, 1873, 169 - Guinea, Octavius Stone on his recent journeys in, 1876, 184 - Guinea, north-west, G. E. Cerruti on his recent explorations in, 1876, 182 * - Guinea, exhibition and explana¬ tion of the uses of a flint hammer from the western coast of, by Prof. Rolleston, 1877, 12 r - — — Guinea, new points in the zoology of, Prof. Rolleston on, 1877, 102 - Guinea, Italian explorers in, Prof. Giglioli on, 1879, 457 - Guinea, south-east, three years in, Rev. W. G. Lawes on, 1880, 658 - Guinea, Coutts Trotter on, 1883, 596 - Guinea, recent explorations in, Coutts Trotter on, 1885, 1136; 1890, 897 - Guinea , report of the Committee for furthering the exploration of, by malting a grant to Mr. Forbes for the purposes of his expedition, 1885, 690 - Guinea, recent exploration in, Capt. H. C. Everill on, 1886, 730 - Red Sandstone (Upper and Lower Keuper) in Warwickshire, Rev. P. B. Brodie on the fossiliferous beds of the, 1865, 48 * - Red Sandstone at Brewmod, near Wolverhampton, Rev. H. Housman on fossil footprints in the, 1865. 62 New Red Sandstone of the central por¬ tion of England, E. Hull on the source of the quartzose conglomerate of the. 1869, 91 - Red Sandstone of Nottingham, a discovery of fossil fishes in the, E. Wil¬ son on, 1881, 637 - Scotland, J. Pratt on the colony of, in Southern Africa, 1867, 128 * - South Wales Coal-Field, J. Mac¬ kenzie on the, 1864, 59 - - South Wales, William Keene on the Coal-Measures of, 1864, 58 * - South Wales, notes on some tribes of, by A. L. P. Cameron, 1884, 924 - South Wales, the mineral resources of, C. S. Wilkinson on, 1890, 805 - York, State of, on the occurrence of trunks of Psaronius in an erect position, resting on their original bed, in rocks of the Devonian age in the, 1872, 103 - Zealand, report on the present state of our knowledge of the birds of the genus Apteryx living in, by P. L. Sclater and F. von Hoclistetter, 1861, 176 * - Zealand, Rev. F. Hewlett on the occurrence of the bones of extinct struthious birds in, in the same oven with those of the dog, 1865, 86 * - Zealand, Dr. Hector on the occur¬ rence of Moa-bones in, 1875, 161 - Zealand, Prof. Owen on the remains of a Plesiosaurian reptile ( Plesiosaurus Australis) from the Oolitic formation in the middle island of, 1861, 122 - Zealand, J. Yates on the excess of water in the region of the earth about, 1861, 136 - - - Zealand, Dr. W. Lauder Lindsay on the toot-poison of, 1862, 98 * - Zealand, the middle island of, by J. Rochfort, 1862, 196 * - - Zealand, A. Walker on a journey along the west coast of middle island, 1864, 148 - Zealand lignites, Dr. Murray Thomson on the composition of some. 1863, 56 - Zealand, Col. Sir James Edward on the Maories of. 1864, 136 - Zealand, W. S. W. Vaux on the origin of the Maori races in, 1875, 178 - Zealand, Dr. W. Lauder Lindsay on the relations of the southern to the northern flora of, 1865, 82 - Zealand flax, Dr. W. Lauder Lind¬ say on the obstacles to the utilisation of the, 1867, 141 - Zealand, the economic progress of, A. Hamilton on, 1869, 192 - . Zealand, Sir G. D. Gibb on a pata- patoo from, 1872, 185 298 GENERAL INDEX. *New Zealand, Dr. J. Hector on the geology of, 1875, 69 - Zealand, the silicious and other hot springs in the volcanic district of the north island of, W. Lant Carpenter on, 1881, 580 - Zealand, the hot-lake district and the glacier scenery and fjords of, W. Lant Carpenter on, 1881, 742 - Zealand, the hot springs of Iceland and, C. E. Peek on, 1883, 590 - Zealand coal-fields, the character and age of the, Sir J. von Haast on, 1886, 643 - Zealand, geysers of Rotorua, North Island, E. W. Bucke on the, 1886, 644 Newberry (Prof. J. S.), phases in the evolution of the North American Con¬ tinent, 1884, 719; on the recent dis¬ covery of new and remarkable fossil fishes in the Carboniferous and Devo¬ nian rocks of Ohio and Indiana, 724 - (P, E.) on the plant-remains dis¬ covered by Mr. W. M. Flinders Petrie in the cemetery of Hawara, Lower Egypt, 1888, 712 ^Newcastle time gun, Prof. C. P. Smyth on the, 1863, 191 - industries in their social and pa¬ thological aspects, Dr. T. Oliver on, 1889, 639 ^'Newcomb’s (Prof.) criticism on the coefficient of acceleration of the moon’s mean motion, the solar eclipse of Agathocles considered in reply to, Prof. Haughton on, 1877, 31 Newcome (F. N.) on diminishing annui¬ ties, 1880, 675 Newcomen’s (Thomas) steam-engine (1712), T. Lidston on, 1877, 217 *Newlands (J. A. R.) on relations among the atomic weights of the ele¬ ments, 1876, 66 ; *011 the alum process in sugar-refining, ib. Newman (Prof. F. W.) on curves of the third degree, here called tertians, 1869, 10; on the curvature of surfaces of the second degree, 13; on conic oscu¬ lation, ib. - on doubly diametrical quartan curves, 1871, 20 - on tridiametral quartan curves, 1872, 22 ; on quartan curves with three or four diameters, 23 ; on monodia- metral quartan curves, ib. - on the calculation of exponential functions, 1874, 19 - - on the use of Legendre’s scale for calculating the first elliptic integral, 1876, 28 Newmarch (William), Address to Section of Economic Science and Statistics, 1861, 201 ; *011 the extent to which sound principles of taxation are embodied in the legislation of the United Kingdom, 230 Newmarch (William) on the economic effects of combinations of labourers and capitalists , 1874, 266; 1875, 146 - on the practicability of adoptiny a common measure of value in the assessment of direct taxation , 1876, 27 ; 1878, 220 - - - on giatent legislation, 1878, 157; 1879, 223 ; 1880, 318 Newton, Sir David Brewster on the al¬ leged correspondence between Pascal and, 1867, 1 - - T. Archer Hirst on the alleged correspondence between Pascal and, recently communicated to the French Academ}r, 1867, 2 - the formation of a pure spectrum by, G. Griffith on, 1885, 940 - ’s construction for the disturbing force exerted by a distant body, Prof. Curtis on certain applications of, 1874, 10 * - theory of astronomical refraction, note on, and on his explanation of the motion of the moon’s apogee, by Prof. J. C. Adams, 1884, 645 Newton (Prof. A.) on the irruption of Syrrhaptes paradoxus, 1863, 105; 1888, 703 ; on Syrrhapttes paradoxus as a native of Britain, 1889, 616 - on extinct birds of the Mascarene Islands, 1866, 401; 1867, 287; 1872, 23 - - on the zoological aspect of game laws, 1868, 10S - on the protection of birds , 1869, 91 — — on the practicability of establishing a ‘ close time ’ for the protection of indigenous animals, 1870, 13; 1871, 197; 1872, 320; 1873, 346; 1874, 264; 1875, 184; 1876, 63; 1877, 207; 1878, 146; 1879, 165; 1880, 257 - on certain neglected subjects of ornithological investigation, 1875, 162 - - Address to the Department of Botany and Zoology, 1876, 1 1 9 — - on the migration of birds, and Messrs. Brown and Cordeaux’s method of obtaining systematic observations of the same at lighthouses and light¬ ships, 1880, 605 - report on the migration of birds, 1881,189; 1882, 283 ;‘l883, 229; 1884, 266; 1885, 685; 1886, 264; 1887, 70; 4888, 146 - on mahing a digest of the observa¬ tions on the migration of birds, 1889, 1 14; 1890,464 - on the occupation of a table at the zoological station at Naples, 1882, 2S8; 1883, 234 - on the preparation of a bibliogra- GENERAL INDEX. 299 phy of certain groups of Invertebrata , 1884, 270 Newton (Prof. A.) on the definition of the area of the British Marine Fauna and Flora , 1887, 95 ; on the promotion of the study of geography , 1 58 - Address to the Biological Section, 1887, 726 - on the present state of our know- ledge of the zoology and botany of the West India Islands , and on the steps taken to investigate ascertained defi¬ ciencies in the fauna and flora , 1888, 437; 1889, 93; 1890, 447 - on the steps taken for investigating the natural history of the Friendly Islands, or other groups in the Pacific visited by H.M.S. ‘ Eg eria' 1889, 113 - - *on the ornithology of the Sand¬ wich Islands, 1890, 852 - — — (Edward) on a remarkable dis¬ covery of bones of Bidus in the island of Rodriguez, 1865, 92 - (E. T.) and G. Sharman on the geology of the Atlas ranges in the Empire of Morocco, 1889, 167 - - (Prof. H. A.) on the meteoric shower of April 1863, 1863, 325 — — - on the height of shooting -stars, 1864, 95 ; on November star-showers, 96 - on the direct motion of periodic comets of short period, 1879, 272 - (Dr. W.), specific and latent heat in relation to the combining heats of the chemical elements, 1889, 541 - (W. E.) on the sand-blast process for cutting and ornamenting stone, glass, and other hard substances, 1873, 215 Newton Abbot and Torquay, notes on the Devonian rocks near, by H. B. Wood¬ ward, with remarks on the subject of their classification, 1877, 78 - Stone, Aberdeenshire, decipher¬ ment of the Phoenician inscription on the, by the Rev. Dr. Mill, 1862, 147 Newtonian telescopes, G. Johnstone Stoney on collimators for adjusting, 1869, 52 Niagara, the upward jets of, W. H. Barlow on, 1877, 199 - notes on, by P. Hallett, 1884, 744 ^Nicaragua, Commander B. Pirn on the volcanic phenomena and mineral and thermal waters of, 1864, 66 - Captain M. F. Maury on the phy¬ sical geography of, with reference to interoceanic transit, 186 7, 125 - Lieut. S. P. Oliver on two routes through, 1867, 127 - - Captain Bedford Pirn on the mining district of Chontales, 1867, 127 — — Ralph Tate on the land and fresh¬ water Mollusca of, 1869, 117 Nicaragua, the geology of, Dr. J. Craw¬ ford on the, 1890, 812 - human footprints in recent volcanic mud in, Dr. J. Crawford on, 1890, 812 Nicholas (Dr. T.) on the ethnological affinities of the French and English peoples, 1872, 191 - a new paragraph in early English history, 1875, 177 Nichols (Kerry), explorations in the islands of the Coral Sea, 1876, 167, 183 ^Nicholson (Sir C.), late explorations in Australia by Burke, Wills, &c., 1862, 196 - Address to the Section of Geo¬ graphy, 1866, 98 - - (H. A.) on the geology of the Lake country, 1865, 57 - on the Silurian rocks of the Isle of Man, 1865, 58 - on some fossils from the graptolitic shales of Dumfriesshire, 1866, 163 - on the nature and systematic posi¬ tion of the Graptolitidm, 1867, 71, 96; on the Graptolites of the Skiddaw slates, 71 - on some new forms of Graptolites, 1869, 98 - [Prof. H. A.] on the geology of the Thunder Bay and Shabendowan mining districts on the north shore of Lake Superior, 1872, 118; on Ortonia, a new genus of fossil tubicolar annelids, with notes on the genus Tentaculites, ib. ; report on dredgings in Lake Ontario, 137; notice of a silicified forest in the Rocky Mountains, with an account of a supposed fossil chip, 192 - on Favistella stellata and Favistella calicina , with notes on the affinities of Favistella and allied genera, 1874, 89 ; description of species of Alecto and Hippothoa from the Lower Silurian rocks of Ohio, with a description of Aulopora arachnoidea, 90; descriptions of new species of Polyzoa from the Lower and Upper Silurian rocks of North America, ib. ; descriptions of new species of Cystiphyllum from the Devonian rocks of North America, 91 - on Azygograptus , a new genus of graptolites from the Skiddaw slates, 1875, 78 - on the ‘ Geological Record ,’ 1880, S 7 - on the establishment of a marine biological station at Granton , Scotland, 1885, 474; 1886, 251 ; 1887, 91 - W. H. Ellis on a remarkable frag¬ ment of silicified wood from the Rocky Mountains, 1874, 88 - and Prof. Harkness on the green slates and porphyries from the Lake district, 1870, 74 * - and Prof. Harkness on the strata 300 GENERAL INDEX. and fossils between the Borrowdaile series of the Coniston flags of the North of England, 1876, 90 Nicholson [Prof. H. A.] and Prof. Harkxess on the Coniston group of the Lake district, 1867, 61 - — - and C. Lapworth on the central group of the Silurian series of the North of England, 1875, 78 - - (Prof. J. S.), one-pound notes, 1886, 766 - - on the best methods of ascertaining and measuring variations in the value of the monetary standard. 1887, 247 ; 1888, 1S1; 1889, 133; 1890,485 * - on bimetallism, 1887, 852 - on the statistical data availaMe for determining the amount of the 'precious metals in use as money , fc., 1888, 219 ; 1889, 164: 1890, 498 Nickel, Dr. A. T. Machattie on the pre¬ sence of, in metallic lead, 1861:, 34 - and cobalt, some double compounds of, report on, 1877, 209 Nicobar islanders, a brief account of the, with special reference to the inland tribe of Great Nicobar, by E. H. Man, 1885, 1228 - - islanders, the funeral rites and ceremonies of the, E. H. Man on, 1888, 844 Nicol (Prof. J.) on erratic blochs or boulders, 1873, 188 - on Embollia IMachayi, a new fossil from the Assynt quartzite in the North-Western Highlands of Scotland, 1S78, 545 - - (Dr. W. W. J.), a theory of solution, 1884, 675 - on vapour pressures and refractive indices of salt solutions, 1885, 284 ; 1886, 204 - water of crystallisation, 1886, 578 - on the 'nature of solution, 1887, 55 ; 1888, 93; on the bibliography of solu¬ tion, 1887, 57; 1888, 54; 1889, 53; 1890, 310 - on the thermal phenomena of neu¬ tralisation and their bearing on the nature of solution, 1887,656; *descrip- tion of a shortened self-acting Sprengel pump, 669 ~ - a new gas analysis apparatus, 1888, 632 . - on the properties of solutions , 1889, 53; 1890,310 Nicol prism, a simple modification of the, giving wider angle of field, Prof. S. P. Thompson on, 1885, 912 ( see 1881, 563) fNicol’s prisms, W. Ladd on the con¬ struction of large, 1874, 26 Nicolay (Rev. C. G.) on the geology of the Chapada Diamantina in the province of Bahia, Brazil, 1868, 74 Niger, the upper waters of the, W. W. Reade on a journey to, 1870, 175 * - A. Bowden on a new route to the sources of the, 1876, 181 f - and Central Sudan sketches, J. Thomson on, 1886, 736 ^Nightingale, the distribution of the, in Yorkshire, J. Lister on, 1887, 770 Nightingale (Miss) on native colonial schools and hospitals, from the sanitary statistics of the Aborigines of British colonies, 1863, J55 Nile, Dr. Beke on the mountains forming the eastern side of the basin of the. 1861, 184 - - *Baron von Heuglin on his explo¬ ration of certain affluents of the, 1863, 138; J. A. Grant on the discovery of the sources of the, 137; Signor Miani on his travels towards the sources of the, 143 - Dr. Beke on the possibility of turn¬ ing the waters of the, into the Red Sea, 1866, 105 - Sir W. S. Baker on the relations of the Abyssinian tributaries of the, and the equatorial lakes to the inunda¬ tions of Egypt, 1866, 102 - White, letter from Sir S. Baker from the, 1870, 166 ( see 1865, 112) * - the Upper, expedition from the Lake Tchad to, Dr. G. Nachtigall on an, 1875, 195 * - journey towards the outlet of the, from the Lake Albert Nyanza, Lieut. W. H. Chippindall on a, 1875, 190 — — White, between Gondokoro and Appuddo, observations on the, bv Lieut. W. H. Chippindall, 1876, 182 - country between the, and the Red Sea, E. A. Floyer on the, 1887, 801 - the region from the, to the Euphra¬ tes, notes on the geography of, as known to the ancient Egyptians, by Rev. H. G. Tomkins, 1888, 741 ; re¬ marks thereon by Major Conder, 743 ■ - flood, the Raiyan project for the stor¬ age of, Cope Whitehouse on, 1888, 799 * - the Upper, geographical co-ordi¬ nates in the Valley of, E. G. Raven- stein on, 1889, 668 ‘ Nitikin, Travels beyond Three Seas, by Athanasius,’ E. Delmar Morgan on, 1874, 177 ^Nitrates in soil, R. Warington on the, 1883, 469 - the reduction of, by micro-organ¬ isms, R. Warington on, 1887, 653 Nitric acid, Dugald Campbell on the action of, upon pyrophosphate of mag¬ nesia, 1862, 37 - acid, P. Braham and J. W. Gate¬ house on the dissociation of, by various means, 1874, 55 GENERAL INDEX. 301 Nitric acid : its reproduction from the lower oxides of nitrogen, B. C. Molloy on, 1878, 512 * - acid, the action of, on benzene, a study of, by Prof. L. Meyer, 1887, 653 - ferment, alterations in the proper¬ ties of the, by cultivation, R. Waring- ton on, 1881, 593 ^Nitrification, the theory of, and the nature of nitrogen, T. Sterry Hunt on, 1862, 195 - R. Warington on, 1884, 682 Nitrifying organism in the soil, R. Warington on the distribution of the, 1886, 582 ^Nitrogen, the nature of, and the theory of nitrification, T. S. Hunt on, 1862, 195 - the assimilation by plants of atmos¬ pheric, Prof. W. 0. Atwater on, 1884, 685 * - atmospheric, description of the method used in converting, into am¬ monia, by Messrs. Brin, 1885, 977 - and carbonic oxide, Dr. H. Kilgour on the question whether, Are the oxide of carbon in different allotropic or isomeric states ? 1863, 45 * - gas, Francis Barham on the alimentary character of, 1864, 117 - the excretion of : Part II., by the skin, J. B. Power on, 1878, 602 - the influence of bodily exercise on the elimination of, , report on, 1880, 159; 1882, 269 ; 1883, 242 ; 1884, 265 * - Dr. Phipson on sponges as a source of, 1865, 34 - of manure in the soil, J. B. Lawes and Dr. J. H. Gilbert on the accumu¬ lation of the, 1866, 40 - organic, E. C. C. Stanford on the retention of, by charcoal, 1870, 65 ; *1871, 81 - in steel, the presence of, A. H. Allen on, 1879, 302 - and hydrogen, the alleged direct union of, H. B. Baker on, 1883, 467 * - of vegetation, the sources of the, the present aspect of the question of, Sir J. B. Lawes and Prof. J. H. Gilbert on, 1887, 660 Nitrogenous organic matters in water, Dugald Campbell on Messrs Wanklyn, Chapman, and Smith’s method of determining, 1867, 32 Nitro-glycerine, A. Nobel on dynamite, a recent preparation of, as a blasting- agent, 1868, 194 * - apparatus for demonstrating the explosion of, P. Braham on, 1887, 672 Nitro-paraffins, the reduction-products of the, Prof. Dunstan and T. S. Dymond on, 1887, 649 Nitroprussides, the action of chlorine upon the, Prof. E. W. Davy on, 1878, 505 *Nitroso derivatives of the terpenes, Dr. W. A. Tilden on the, 1876, 70 *Nitrous acid, the amount of, produced in electric illumination, Prof. J. Dewar on, 1879, 317 - anhydride, gaseous, the non¬ existence of, Prof. W. Ramsay and J. T. Cundall on, 1885, 965 - gases, the action of, upon amyl alcohol, J. Williams and M. H. Smith on, 1885, 992 - oxide in the gaseous and liquid states , IF. J. Janssen on, 1876, 21 1 Niven (Prof. C.) on a differential gravity meter, 1886, 141 ; 1887, 41 ; 1888, 72 ’ Nobel (A.) on dynamite, a recent pre¬ paration of nitro-glycerine as a blast¬ ing-agent, 1868, 194 Noble (Alfred) on Reaumer’s porcelain, 1864, 36 - (Capt. Andrew), Address to the Mechanical Section, 1890, 930 - — (Capt. W. H.) on various experi¬ ments on the penetration of iron plates by steel shot, 1866, 403 ; Appendix, 436 jSoctiluca, Prof. Allman on the structure of, 1872, 131 *Noctilucine, Dr. T. L. Phipson on, 1875, 45 Noelting (Dr.) and Dr. Abt on the constitution of azimido-compounds, 1887, 642 - and Dr. Binder on the constitution of the mixed diazoamido-compounds, 1887, 643 *Nolan (F.) on the creation of a public commission to purchase land for resale to occupiers in Ireland, 1878, 662 - (J.) on the ancient volcanic dis¬ trict of Slieve Gullion, 1878, 527; on the metamorphic and intrusive rocks of Tyrone, 536 Nomad races of European Russia, H. H. Howorth on the, 1868, 136 - tribes of Asia Minor and Northern Persia, report on the geography and the habits, customs, and physical characters of the, and on excavating on sites of ancient occupation, 1889, 176 : 1890,535 ^'Nomenclature, scientific, Thomas Brown on the application of the Greek and Latin languages to, 1866, 70 Norfolk (F.), Southport as an example of modern enterprise, 1883, 630 - *the vital and commercial statistics of Bath, 1888, 780 ; *old age and sick¬ ness assurance for the mercantile and professional classes, ib. Norfolk and Suffolk, Rev. J. Gunn on the Anglo-Belgian basin of the Forest-bed of, 1866, 52 302 GENERAL INDEX. Norfolk, John E. Taylor on the Upper and Lower Crags in, 1866, 67; 1867, x57 * - J. Wyatt on the gradual alteration of the coast-line in, 1867, 73 - and Suffolk, Rev. J. Gunn on the alternate elevations and subsidences of the land, and the order of the suc¬ cession of strata in, 1868, 66 - and Suffolk, George Maw on the sequence of the deposits in, superior to the Red Crag, 1868, 73 — — and Suffolk, H. Stevenson on the extinction of the Great Bustard in, 1868, hi - and Suffolk, S. V. Wood, jun., and F. W. Harmer on the glacial and post¬ glacial structure of, 1868, 80 * - farming, C. S. Read on the recent improvements in, 1868, 177 - - Rev. O. Fisher on the denudations of, 1868, 63 - East, R. B. Grantham on the Broads of, having reference to the ■water- supply, stowage, and drainage, 1868, 191 — — - W. D. Harding on the drainage of the fens of Cambridgeshire, Hunting¬ donshire, Suffolk, and, 1868, 166 — — Sir Willoughby Jones on the arterial drainage of, 1868, 168 * - C. B. Rose on the thickness of the Chalk in, 1868, 77 - — - and Lothingiand, notice of rare fishes occurring in, by T. E. Gunn, 1868, 97 - and Suffolk, the Rev. J. Gunn on the prospect of finding productive Coal-Measures in, 1872, 102 Norman (Rev. Alfred Merle) on the Crustacea, Echinodermata, and Zoo¬ phytes obtained in deep-sea dredging off the Shetland Isles in 1861, 1861, 15 1 - on British Holothuriadas, with refer¬ ence to new species, 1863, 106 ; on the morphology of the Opliiuroidea, ib. - on the structure and development of Salpa spvnosa (Otto), as observed at Guernsey, 1865, 92 - report of exploring the coasts of the Hebrides by means of the dredge , 1866, 193 (referred to in Sectional Proceed¬ ings, p. 77) - on the Crustacea' , Molluscoida, Echinodermata, and Coelenterata, pro¬ cured by the Shetland Dredging Com¬ mittee in 1867, 1867, 437 - on the Arachm da, Crustacea, Tuni- cata, Polyzoa, E • i odermata, Acti- nozoa, Hydrozoa, and Porifera, 1868, 247. 34i - letter to, from Prof. Wyville Thom¬ son, on the successful dredging of ll.M.S. ‘Porcupine,’ 1869, 115 Norman (Rev. Alfred Merle) on the French deep-sea exploration in the Bag of Biscay, 1880, 387 - [Rev. Canon], report on the occupa¬ tion of the table at the zoological station at Naples, 1887, 85; on the definition of the area of the British Marine Fauna and Flora, 95 * - the limit between the continental and abyssal marine fauna, 1889, 628 * - (G. W.) on the future of the United States, 1874, 21 1 Norris (Dr. R.), rigor mortis not mus¬ cular contraction, 1865, 109 - on muscular irritability and the re¬ lations which exist between muscles,, nerve, and blood, 1866, 157 - (Lieut.) on the erosion of the coast at Bembridge , 1882, 640 - Uist, Dr. W. C. McIntosh on Turbel- laria and Annelida of, 1866, 76 - Wales, Dr. Aug. Voelcker on phos- GENERAL INDEX. 303 phatic deposits recently discovered in, 1865, 37 North-west territory of Canada, notes on the, by H. Moody, 1883, 612 * - -west territories of Canada, J. G. Colmer on the, 1889, 669 - -western tribes of the Dominion of Canada , report on the physical charac¬ ters , languages , and industrial and social condition of the, 1885, 696 ; 1886, 285 ; 1887, 173 ; 1888, 233 ; 1889, 797 ; 1890, 553 ; report to the Committeeon the Black foot tribes , by llev. E. E. Wilson, 1887, 183; notes thereon by H. Hale, 197 ; report on the Sarcee Indians, by Rev. E. F. Wilson, 1888, 242 ; notes thereon by H. Hale, 253; remarks on North American ethnology, by H. Hale, 1889, 797; first general report on the Indians of British Columbia, by Dr. F. Boas, 801 ; remarks on the ethnology of British Columbia, by II. Hale, 1890, 553 ; second general report on the Indians of British Columbia, by Dr. F. Boas , 562 Northampton, Charles Jecks on some ferruginous sandstone of the neigh¬ bourhood of, 1868, 69 - sands, some fossils from the, J. Evans on, 1878, 534 Northamptonshire, Samuel Sharp on a remarkable incrustation in, 1868, 78 Northcote (Sir Stafford H.) on a uni¬ formity of weights and measures, 1872, ‘25 ; 1874, 359 - Address to the Section of Economic Science and Statistics, 1869, 173 Northumberland coast and Dogger Bank, report of the Committee on the dredging of the, 1862, 116 - Dr. Wilson on the habits and diseases of the coal-miners of, 1863, 126 - George Tate’s description of a sea- star, Cribellites carbonarius, from the Mountain-Limestone formation of, 1863, 88 - and Durham, W. H. Richardson on the paper-manufactures of, 1863, 183 - Celts, Rev. G. R. Hall on the social life of the, 1863, 137 . — — the Whin Sill of, W. Topley and G. A. Lebour on the, 1873, 92 - in Prehistoric times, Rev. G. R. Hall on, 1889, 788 Northwich and its neighbourhood, the history and cause of the subsidences at, T. Ward on, 1887, 713 Norway, H. J. Ker Porter on the preva¬ lence of ‘ Spedalske ’ or leprosy in the kingdom of, 1867, 144 Norwegians, Dr. J. Hunt on the cranial measurements, &c., of modern, 1866, 96 Norwich, Rev. J. Crompton on deep or artesian wells at, 1862, 70 ’‘‘Norwich Crags, J. E. Taylor on the, and their relation to the mammaliferous bed, 1868, 78 * - J. E. Taylor on certain phenomena in the Drift near, 1869, 100; on the water-bearing strata near, ib. Notation, Rev. R. Harley on the umbral, 1887, 600 Nottingham, Joseph White on the statis¬ tics of the General Hospital, 1866, 135 - W. Felkin on the lace and hosiery trades of, 1866, 128 - hosiery-trade, E. Renals on arbi¬ tration in the, 1867, 145 Nourse (W. E. C.) on the action of the nervous tissue concerned in perception, 1864, 125 - on the erosion of the coast from Little hampton to Brighton, 1885, 434 Nova Scotia, Dr. Dawson on two new coal-plants from, 1863, 67 * - Scotia, the geognostic relations of the auriferous quartz of, H. C. Salmon on, 1864, 191 - Scotia, Rev. A. W. McKay on the Red Sandstone of, 1865, 66 - Scotia, results of past experience in gold mining in, E. Gilpin, jun. on, 1884, 711 - Scotia, the agricultural resources of, Maj.-Gen. Laurie on, 1884, 849 - Scotian coal-fields, a comparison of the distinctive features of, E. Gilpin, jun. on, 1884, 712 Nuclei, C. Tomlinson on the action of, in inducing crystallisation, 1868, 45 Nudioranchiata, dorsal papillm in, Prof. W. A. Herdman on the structure and function of the, 1889, 630 *Nudibranchiate mollusks, A. Hancock on the renal organ (the so-called water system) in the, 1863, 116 Numbers, Prof. H. J. S. Smith's report on the theory of. Part III., 1861, 292; theory of homogeneous forms, ib. ; problem of the representation of num¬ bers, ib. ; of the transformation and equivalence of forms, ib.; automorphic transformations, 294 ; problem of the representation of forms, 295 ; binary (quadratic forms , 296 ; elementary de¬ finitions, 297; reduction of the problem of representation to that of equivalence, 298 ; determination of the number of sets of representations, 300 ; reduction of the problem of transformation to that of equivalence, 301 ; problem of equiva¬ lence, ib. ; exq)ression for the auto- morphics of a (quadratic form, 303 : expression forth e automorph ics — m eth od of Lejeune Dirichlct , 304 ; problem of equivalence— forms of a negative deter¬ minant, 306 ; qrroblem of equivalence for forms of a positive and not square 304 GENERAL INDEX. determinant , 308 ; improper equivalence — ambiguous forms and classes, 310; positive or negative determinant , 312; the Pellian equation, 313; solution of the general indeterminate equation of the second degree, 319; distribution of classes into orders and genera, 320 ; on the determination of the number of quadratic forms of a given positive or negative determinant, 324 ; series ex¬ pressing the number of primitive classes, 329 ; proof that each genus contains the same number of classes, 332 ; summa¬ tion of the series expressing the number of properly primitive classes , 336 Numbers , Prof. JI. J. S. Smith’s report on the theory of, Part IV, 1862, general theorems relating to composition , 503 ; composition of quadratic forms — preli¬ minary lemmas , 505 ; Gauss’ six con¬ clusions, 506; solution of the problem of composition, 50 7 ; composition of several forms. 509 ; composition of forms — method of Pirichlet, 512; composition of classes of the same determinant , 514; compari¬ son of the numbers of classes of different orders, 515; composition of genera, 519; determination of the number of am¬ biguous classes, and demonstration of the lam of quadratic reciprocity , ib. ; equality of the member of genera and of ambiguous classes, 521 ; arrangement of the classes of the principal genus, 523; arrangement of the other genera, 524 ; tabulation of quadratic for ms, 525 - Part V., 1863, geometrical repre¬ sentation of forms of a negative deter¬ minant, 768 ; application of formula relating to the division of the circle to the theory of quadratic forms, 772 ; extension of the preceding theory by Eisenstein , 780; applications of con¬ tinued fractions to the theory of quad¬ ratic forms, 783 - Part VI., 1865, 322 ; applica¬ tions of the theory of elliptic functions to quadratic forms, ib. ; theorems of Jacobi on simultaneous quadratic forms, 339 ; the for mules of M. Kro- neclter, 347, 349 ; connection of the formula of M. Kronecher with elliptic series, 359; arithmetical demonstrations of these formula , 365; equations satisfied’ by the modules which admit of complex multiplication, 369 ; application of the Theta functions to the Pellian equation, 372. [The previous reports are given in 1859, 228-267; 1860, 120-170.] Numerical and philological relations of the Hebrew, Phoenician, or Canaanitic alphabet and the language of the Khita inscriptions, Hyde Clarke on the, 1881, 698 - results derived from observation, the adjustment of, V B. Sprague on, 1883, 446 Numerical science, some verbal expres¬ sions in, Prof. J. Thomson on, 1878, 451 - theorem, with practical illustrations, W. H. Walenn on a, 1870, 16 Numidian marbles, lost, in Algeria and Tunis, Lt.-Col. R. L. Playfair on the rediscovery of, 1885, 1018 *Nunneley (T.) on the Calabar bean, 1863, 192 Nuplxar intermedium, Ledeb.. A. G. More on the occurrence in Ireland of, 1876, 144 _ ^Nutation of a solid shell containing liquid, Sir W. Thomson on the, 1876, 35 Nutoscope, Prof. Zenger on the, an ap¬ paratus for showing graphically the curve of precession and nutation, 1871, 36 "‘Nutrition, various alterations of, due to nervous influence, Dr. Brown-Sequard on, 1870, 134 - of muscular and pulmonary tissue in health and in phthisis, Dr. W. Marcet on the, with remarks on the colloid condition of matter, 1871, 40 * - of embryos, certain adaptations for the, F. W. Oliver on, 1888, 710 *Nyassa, Lake, Eastern Africa, Rev. Mr. Stewart on a voyage on the, 1862, 196 Nyassaland and its commercial possi¬ bilities, Capt. Lugard on, 1889, 665 OAKES (James) on a peculiar denudation of a coal-seam in Coates’s Park Col¬ liery, 1866, 64 Oak-leaf, the shape of the, Sir J. Lubbock on, 1889, 626 Oases of the Lybian Desert, Dr. G. Schweinfurth on the, 1874, 173 *Oats, A. Stephen Wilson on the mea¬ sure and value of, 1867, 147 Oban, Argyllshire, Prof. Turner on human and animal bones and flints found in a cave at, 1871, 160 Objectives, large, H. Grubb on the test¬ ings of, 1876, 36 O’Brien (M.) on the condition of small farmers, and their position with re¬ ference to the land question, 1878, 661 Observatory, Lick, design for working the equatorial and dome of, by hydraulic power, H. Grubb on, 1886, 553 Obsidian, W. Chandler Roberts on a specimen of, from Java, 1869, 74 O’Callaghan (P.) on cromlechs and rocking-stones considered ethnologi- cally, 1861, 187 - [Dr. P.] on a curious preserved specimen of the blackbird, 1865, 92 - on science-lectures and organisation , 1873, 495, 507 GENERAL INDEX. 305 ^Occlusion of gaseous matter by fused silicates at high temperatures, and its possible connection with volcanic agencies, I. Lowthian Bell on the, 1881, 580 *Occultation of stars, of the first and other bright magnitudes, the desirability of observing, from places where they are to be seen near the horizon, H. S. Williams on, 1881, 547 Occupation, F. G. P. Neison on the influence of, upon health, 1868, 174 Occupations and employments , the effects of different, on the physical development of the human tody, report on, 1888, 100; 1889, 186 Ocean, A. G. Findlay on the bed of the, 1865, 379 * - Dr. W. B. Carpenter on the origin of the red clay found by the ‘ Challenger ’ at great depths in the, 1875, 64 - currents, A. W. Clayden on two models illustrating the action of the winds in relation to, 1889, 669 * - telegraphy, Capt. Rowett on, 1870, 224 Oceanic circulation, Dr. W. B. Carpenter on the thermo-dynamics of the general, 1871, 51 - thermal circulation, Dr. Carpenter on the general, 1872, 48 f - circulation, Dr. W. B. Carpenter on the bearings of recent observa¬ tions on the doctrine of, 1875, 190 - circulation, J. Croll on the ‘ Chal¬ lenger’s ’ crucial test of the wind and gravitation theories of, 1875, 191 - currents, the effects of, upon climates, Rev. Dr. Haughton on, 1881, 45 1 - deposits, J. Murray on the geo¬ logical distribution of, 1876, 183 * - deposits and their origin, notes on, based on observations made on board H.M.S. ‘ Challenger,’ by J. Murray, 1876, 147 *— — or maritime discovery, exploration and research, Capt. Sir F. J. Evans on, 1881, 742 * - islands and shoals, J. Y. Buchanan on, 1885, 1136 Odling ('William) on the synthesis of some hydrocarbons, 1862,48; on the nomenclature of organic compounds, ib. ; on ferrous acid, ib. ■ - Address to the Chemical Section, 1864, 21 - on the treatment and utilisation of sewage, 1871, 166 - on science-lectures and organisation, 1873, 507 * - on some properties of gallium, 1877, 53 ; *note on benzine deriva¬ tives, ib. ; *note on Dr. W. Gibb’s re¬ searches on cobaltamines, ib. *Odling [Prof. W.] on the constitution of aluminic compounds, 1879, 302 * - on the inferences deducible from high molecular weights, as exhibited by the oxides of manganese, 1881, 582 - on the ultra violet spark spectra emitted by metallic elements , and their combinations under varying conditions, 1882, 143 ; 1883. 127; 1 885, 276 - on chemical nomenclature, 1883, 127 : 1884, 39 ; 1885, 262 - - *a plea for the empiric naming of organic compounds, 1885, 972 - *micro-organismsin drinking-water, 1886, 583 ; *011 some decompositions of benzoic acid, 599 - on forming a uniform system of re¬ cording the results of water analysis, 1889, 55 - and J. E. Marsh on some xenoene or diphenyl products and reactions, 1887, 646 O'Donovan (E.) on Merv, 1 882, 624 *Odontoidium os, the connection of the, with the centrum of the axis vertebra, Prof. D. J. Cunningham on, 1885, 1101 Oertling (L.) on the hydrometer and its adaptation to the present require¬ ments of the Board of Inland Revenue, 1865, 21 *Ogilby (W.) on the excentricity of the earth, and the method of finding the coordinates of its centre of gravity, 1862, 1 7 Ogilvie (George), interim report of the committee for dredging on the north and east coasts of Scotland, 1861, 281 - [Dr. G.] on the adaptation of the structure of the shell of the bird’s egg to the function of respiration, 1867, 102 * - (T. R.) on the estimation of phosphoric acid as pyrophosphate of magnesia, 1874, 66 - on the estimation of potash and phosphoric acid, 1877, 9, 26 Ogle (Dr. W.) on the work of the Anthropometric Committee, 1883, 253 Ogowe, the basin of the, S. de Brazza on, 1879, 439 - the native races of Gaboon and, S. de Brazza on, 1879, 394 O’Hagan (Lord), Address to the Section of Economic Science and Statistics, 1874, 185 - on combinations of capital and labour, 1875, 146 O’Halloran (J. S.) on Charles Winnecke’s explorations in Central Australia, with notes on the em¬ ployment of camels, 1884, 812 Ohio, a group of mounds in, notice of X 306 GENERAL INDEX exploration of, by F. W. Putnam, 1884, 899 Ohm standards , the value of the legal, H. T. Glazebrooh on, 1890, 101 _ suggestions towards a determina¬ tion of the, by Prof. J. V. Jones, 1890, 732 Ohm’s law, Dr. A. Schuster on, 1874, 30 - geometrical illustrations of, by Prof. G. C. Foster, 1874, 28 - - report on, 1876, 36 - in bad conductors , Prof. J. J. Thomson and H. F. Nemall on, 1886, 308 - in electrolytes , Prof. G. F. Fitz¬ Gerald and F. T Trouton on the accu¬ racy of, 1886, 312 ; 1887, 345 ; 1888, 341 Oil, the effect ot, in destroying waves on the surface of water, Prof. 0. Reynolds on, 1880, 489 - the effect of, in calming waves in a storm, the probable explanation of, E. P. Culverwell on, 1883, 443 - essential, of bay, and other aromatic oils, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on the, 1862, 43 * - pipe lines, the American system of, J. H. Harris on, 1885, 1193 Oils, the action of, on metals, W. H. Watson on, 1880, 560 - - essential, report on the chemical constitution and optical properties of, 1872, 31 1 ; 1873, 214; 1874, 17 - essential, J. W. Osborne on the, from the indigenous vegetation of Victoria, 1862, 48 - essential, C. T. Kingzett on the oxi¬ dation of the, 1875, 43 - essential, Dr. J. E. De Vrij on the rotatory power of several, 1865, 40 - fatty, J. Galletly on the ignition of cotton by saturation with, 1872, 73 - manufacture of hydrocarbon, from peat, Dr. Paul on, 1862, 50 — - — volatile, Sir D. Brewster on the motionand colours upon films of, 1867,8 Old coast lines near Trondhjem, Norway, some results of a detailed survey of the, H. Miller on, 1885, 1033 Old Hill district, Staffordshire, the drain¬ age of the, W B. Collis on, 1886, 825 Old Red Sandstone of South Perthshire, Prof. Harkness on the, 1861, 114 - of Caithness, C. W. Peach on fossil fishes from the, ls62, 85 - of Scotland, &c , W. Pengelly on the correlation of the slates and limestones of Devon and Cornwall with the, 1S62, 85 - Upper, J. W. waiter on the identity of the, with the Uppermost Devonian, and of the Middle and Lower Old Red with the Middle and Lower Devonian, 1862, 92 - at Portishead, W. Hellier Baily on the occurrence of fish-remains in the, 1864, 49 Old Red Sandstone, C. W. Peach on fossil fishes of the, of Caithness and Suther¬ land, 1867, 72 - of Kiltorcan Hill, co. Kilkenny, W. Hellier Baily on some fossils from the, 1868, 58 ( see Report, 1869, 73) - J. W. Salter on a new Pterygotus from the Lower, 1868, 78 - J. Miller on the so-called hyoid plate of the Asterolepis of the, 1871, 106 - Lower, of Hay, Breconshire, the Rev. W. S. Symonds on a new fish-spine from the, 1871, no - - E. A. Wiinsch on the junction of granite and, at Corrie and Glen Sannox, Arran, 1876, 98 - Conglomerate, an example of an early stage of metamorphic change in, Prof. J. Thomson on, 1882, 536 Old Red Conglomerate, the occurrence of Lower, in the promontory of the Fanad, North Donegal, Prof. E. Hull on, 1885, 1016 *Oldham (Dr.) on the geology of India, 1867, 72 ' - (James), second report on steam navigation at Hull, 1861, 239 - report on tidal observations on the Humber, 1862, 101 ; 1864, 129 * - on the utilisation or more profitable employment of male convicts, 1867, 144 - on tidal observations, 1868, 489 ; 1870, 120; 1871,203; 1872, 355 ; 1876, 2 75 - on agricultural machinery, 1869, 404 ^Olefines, Prof. M Simpson on the chlor bromides and brom-iodides of the, 1874, 67 Oleic acid, the conversion of, into palmitic acid, and fusions with caustic alkalies at high temperatures, W. L. Carpenter on, 1883, 462 Olfactory organ of certain fishes, the degeneration of the, Prof. Wieders- heim on, 1887, 736 Oligocene strata in the Hampshire Basin, J. W. Elwes on the classification of the, 1882, 539 Oligochmta, budding in the, Prof. A. G. Bourne on, 1885, 1096 - contributions to the structure of the, by F. E. Beddard, 1885, 1102 Oligochaste, a luminous, Prof. A. Harker on, 1887, 767 *01igochmtous worms, E. Ray Lankester on, 1870, 120 Oligoclase, three specimens of, from North Carolina, exhibiting curious optical properties, Dr. P. Frazer on, 1888, 655 Oliphant (Laurence), recent travels in trans-Jordanic Palestine, 1880, 659 GENERAL INDEX. 307 Oliver (Prof. D.) on our present know¬ ledge of the flora of China , 1887, 94; 1888, 420 ; 1889, 112 - - (F. W.) on the presence of callus- plates in the sieve-tubes of certain gi¬ gantic Laminarias, 1887, 761 * - on certain adaptations for the nu¬ trition of embryos, 1888, 710 * - on Tuchungia, a new genus from Central Africa, 1889,649; *on a case of mycorhiza, ib. - [Prof. F. W.] on the floral biology of Episcia maculata , 1890, 869 - (Lieut. S. P.), description of two routes through Nicaragua, 1867, 127 - (Dr. T.), our local industries [New¬ castle district] in their social and pathological aspects, 1889, 639 Olsen (O. T.), the North Sea fisheries, 1882, 640 Ommanney (Rear-Admiral E.) on Arctic exploration, 1865, 125 - [Adm. Sir E.], Address to the Geo¬ graphical Section, 1877, 122 - on the rate of erosion of the sea-coasts of England and Wales , 1885, 404 ; 1886, 847 ; *1888, 898 - on the aid given by the Dominion Government and the Government of the United States to the encouragement of fisheries, and to the investigation of the various forms of marine life on the coasts and rivers of North America , 1885, 479 - on Antarctic research, 1885, 1132 - on the desirability of further re¬ search in the Antarctic regions , 1886, 277; 1888, 316 Ommatoplea, Dr. W. C. McIntosh on the proboscis of, 1868, 105 ^Omond (R. T.) on a peculiarity of the cyclonic winds of Ben Nevis, 1887, 595 Onagraceae, H. T. Stainton on the extra¬ ordinary partiality shown by insects of the gee us Laverna for plants of the order, I860, 93 O’Neill (C.), the extent to which calico printing and the tinctorial arts have been affected by the introduction of modern colours, 1887, 640 Onny, an estimate of the quantity of sedimentary deposit in the, by Rev. J. D. La Touche, 1869, 93 - the River , report on the sedimentary deposits of, 1870, 11 Onslow (Lord) on allotments, 1886, 765 Ontario, report on dredgings in Lake, by H. A. Nicholson, 1872, 137 - the agricultural resources of, J. Carnegie on, 1884, 848 Onychodus , the Devonian ganoid, the occurrence of, in Spitzbergen, A. S. Woodward on, 1889, 584 *Oolite, J. Randell on the position in the Great, and the mode of working, of the Bath freestone, 1864, 66 Oolite, Inferior, Rev. G. F. Whidborne on the Lamellibranchiata, and Prof. W. J. Sollas on the Spongidas of the, 1882, 534 - Inferior, C. Moore on the presence of naked Echinodermata in the, and Lias, 1872, 117 - the extension of the Bath, under London, as shown by a deep boring at Streatham, W. Whitaker on, 1888, 656 - the relations of the Great, to the Forest marble and Fuller’s-earth in the South-west of England, H. B. Wood¬ ward on, 1888, 651 *Oolites of the Bath district, the denuda¬ tion of the, W. S. Mitchell on, 1870, 80 ; *1871, 107 *Oolitic strata, M. Hebert on some of the, seen at Dundry, 1864, 57 - texture in Limestone rocks, Prof. H. G. Seeley on the origin of, 1880, 674 fOphir, the Land of, and Bechuanaland, Rev. J. Mackenzie on, 1888, 745 Ophiuroidea, the Rev. Alfred Merle Nor¬ man on the morphology of the, 1863, 106 Ophrydium versatile, the zoocytium or gelatinous matrix of, Prof. A. Harker on, 1885, 1074 *Opium derivatives, Dr. C. R. Wright on some, 1874, 67 * - consumption of, Dr. Collingwood on the, 1867, 137 * - the use of, among the Chinese, Dr. G. Thin on, 1870, 157 — — revenue, Rev. F. S. Turner on the statistics of the Indian, 1876, 210 Oppenheim (Dr. A.) on aceto-sulphuric acid, 1869, 72; on bromo-iodide of mercury, ib. * - on the action of phosphorus on alkaline solutions of metals, 1872, 79 * - - on oxyuvitic acid, 1875, 45 * - and L. Jackson on derivatives of mercaptan, 1875, 43 Oppkrt (Dr. Gustav) on the Ivitai and Kara Kitai, 1869, 165 — — on a classification of languages on the basis of ethnology, 1879, 392 * - India the home of gunpowder, on philological evidence, 1880, 636 fOpPLER (Dr. A.) on acclimatisation, 1887 , 799 Optical characters of minerals, a new method for studying the, H. C. Sorby on, 1877, 77 - glass, the defects in, arising from a want of homogeneity, H. Grubb on a method of photographing, 1876, 37 f - comparison of methods for observ¬ ing small rotations, Lord Rayleigh on the, 1885, 930 x 2 308 GENERAL INDEX, Optical illusions, S. P. Thompson on some new, 1877, 32 . - illusions of motion ; conflicting theories referred to the test of certain hitherto undescribed entoptical pheno¬ mena, Miss B. Lindsay on, 1887, 781 _ _ instrument which indicates the relative changes of position of two objects which are maintaining inde¬ pendent courses, J. M. Menzies on an, 1862, 22 - instruments, various, exhibited by M. Hofmann, 1866, 27 - - phenomenon observed on the top of Snowdon, A. Schuster on a curious, 1873, 40 . - properties of different glasses, Prof. Stokes on the researches of the kite Rev. W. V. Harcourt on the conditions of transparency in glass and the con¬ nection between the chemical consti¬ tution and, 1871, 38 — — properties of essential oils, report on the chemical constitution and, 1872, 311 ; 1873, 214; 1874, 17 - - properties of a titano-silicic glass, Prof. Stokes and J. Hopkinson on the, 1875, 26 - theories , report on, by It. T. GlazebrooTi , 1885, 157 ; the work of MacCullagh , Neumann, Green, and Cauchy, ib. ; modern developments of the elastic solid theory, 170; theories based on the mutual reaction between the ether and matter, 212; the electro¬ magnetic theory, 251 - - theories, supplement to a report on, by R. T. Glazebrooh, 1887, 208 Optics, geometrical, Prof. J. C. Maxwell on the relation of, to other branches of mathematics and physics, 1873, 38 j- - of photography, Antoine Claudet on, 1866, 9 *0ptique mineralogique — achromatism e des franges, Prof. E. Mascart sur, 1890, 752 Optometer, Dr. T. Anderson on a prismatic, 1881, 521 Orang ( S . satyrus ), Dr. Edwards Crisp on the external form of the hand and brain of the, 1865, 86 Orange-peel, Dr. Wright and C. H. Piesse on the oxidation products of essential oil of, 1871, 83 Orbits of satellites, Prof. A. Hall on the, 1886, 542 - , catenaries, and curved rays, Prof. J. D. Everett on the relations between, 1888, 581 Orchar (James G.) on the engineering manufacture of Dundee, 1867, 144 Orchids, the occurrence of fungi in the roots of, J. Macmillan on, 1885, 1083 Oreynus alalonga, Dr. W. R. Scott on the occurrence of, on the coast of Devon, 1865, 93 *Ord (Dr. W. M.) on the crystallisation of salts in colloid solutions, 1872, 79 * - on crystallisation of urea in pre¬ sence of a colloid, 1879, 418 Ordnance, G. Richards on rifled, 1863, 182 - W. D. Gainsford on a newly invented system of, 1866, 144 - Capt. Wynant on barytic powder for heavy, 1866, 148 - - Department, a communication from the, on surveys in Ireland, 1874, 184 - datum of Great Britain, a more extended use of the, J. N. Shoolbred on, 1877, 218 - Survey of Great Britain, report on the datum level of the, with a view to its establishment on a surer foundation than hitherto, and to tabulate and com¬ pare other datum-marks, 1877, 220 : 1878, 219 ; 1879, 219 * - Survey, photographic and photo- zincographic processes employed in the, Col. J. H. Bolland on, 1888, 746 - Survey, the, some defects of, S. H. Wilkinson on, 1887, 804 * - Survey, the utilisation of the, Col. Sir C. Wilson on, 1887, 804 f - - Survey, the present state of the, and the paramount necessity for a thorough revision, H. T. Crook on. 1890, 896 * — - — - Survey of Cyprus, T. Saunders on the, 1885, 1129 Ordovician rocks of Shropshire, Prof. C. Lapworth on the, 1886, 661 O’Reilly (Prof. J. P.) on the correlation of lines of direction on the globe, and particularly of coast lines, 1878, 547 - on the relation to be established between coast-line directions repre¬ sented by great circles on the globe and the localities marked by earth¬ quakes in Europe, 1880, 576 Organic acids, report of synthetical re¬ searches on, by Alfred R. Cation, 1868, 475 - acids, the application of, to the examination of minerals, Prof. H. C. Bolton on, 1880, 505 * - analysis by a moist process, a method of elementary, Prof. Wanklyn and W. J. Cooper on, 1878, 517 - - compounds, Dr. Odling on the nomenclature of, 1862, 48 - compounds, a plea for the empiric naming of, by Prof. Odling, 1885, 972 - compounds, Dr. Phipson on a new class of, 1862, 50 - functions, Dr. Richardson on effects of extreme cold on, 1868, 119 - remains of the North Staffordshire GENERAL INDEX. 309 Coal-field, report on the distribution of the, 1863, 342 ; 1865, 42, 317 Organic remains in the Carboniferous Limestone, C. Moore on the mineral veins containing , 1868, 428 ; 1869, 360 - - remains in the rocks between the Nase Head and Portlialla Cove, Corn¬ wall, C. W. Peach on the discovery of, 1869, 99 ^Organisms met with in the clay-iron¬ stone nodules of the Coal-Measures in the neighbourhood of Dudley, exhibi¬ tion of some, by Dr. H. Woodward and It. Etheridge, 1886, 628 Organo-metallic radicals, G. P. Buckton on the formation of, by substitution, 1862, 36 , - silicon compounds, W. B. Hart on some, 1887, 661 Origin and Characteristics of the people in the counties of Down and Antrim, Bev. Canon Hume on the, 1871, 153 Orkney click mill, the old, Prof. A. Jamieson on, 1888, 807 - - - and Shetland, dredging by the late H. P. C. Moller off Fair isle, between, O. A. L. Morch on, 1867, 93 ^Orkneys, G. Petrie on the antiquities of the, 1863, 143 - G. Petrie on ancient modes of sepul¬ ture in the, 1871, 156 Oemandy (R.) and Dr. J. B. Cohen, metallic aluminium as a chemical reagent, 1889, 550 Ormerod (G. W.), sketch of the granite of the northerly and easterly sides of Dartmoor, 1869, 98 Ornithological investigation, A. Newton on certain neglected subjects of, 1875, 162 ^Ornithology of Palestine, the, and the peculiarities of the Jordan Valley, Rev. 11. B. Tristram on, 1864, 19 1 — - of the Sandwich Islands, Prof. A. Newton on the, 1890, 852 Orography of the North-Western Frontier of India, T. Saunders on the, 1879, 449 Orphan children under the care of the Dublin Protestant orphan societies, ten years’ statistics of the mortality amongst the, Rev. W. Caine on the, 1861, 208 Orthagoriscus mola, Dr. John Cleland on the anatomy of, 1861, 138 Ortho-amido-cinnamic acid, T. M. Morgan on, 1883, 458 Orthophote, J. T. Brown on the, 1890, 778 Orthoptic loci, Rev. Dr. C. Taylor on, 1885, 909 Ortonia, Prof. H. A. Nicholson on, a new genus of fossil tubicolar annelids, 1872, 1 18 Osborn (H. F.), the evolution of the mammalian molar teeth to and from the tritubercular type, 1888, 660 Osborn [Prof. H.F.], the paleontological evidence for the transmission of ac¬ quired characters, 1889, 621 - and W. B. Scott on the origin and development of the Rhinoceros group, 1883, 528 - (Captain Sherard) on the desira¬ bility of an exploration being made of the district between the Brahmaputra, the TJpper Irawadi, and the Yang-tse- Kiang , 1868, 430 — on polar exploration, 1872, 21 1 - [Rear-Admiral S.] on the routes to the North Polar region, 1874, 170 Osborne (J. W.) on the essential oils and resins from the indigenous vegetation of Victoria, 1862, 48 ; on a photolitho¬ graphic process, as adopted by the Government of Victoria for the publi¬ cation of maps, 49 ; observations made at sea on the motion of the vessel with reference to sea-sickness, 133 Oscillation-frequencies of solar rays , catalogue of the, 1878, 37. (See ‘ Wave¬ lengths,’ and ‘ Wave-numbers ’) Oscillations, the small, of a particle and a rigid body, Prof. R. S. Ball on, 1870, 10 O’Shea (L. T.), the effect of oxidation on the magnetic properties of manga¬ nese steel, 1890, 753 Osler (A. Follett) on the horary and diurnal variations in the direction and motion of the air at Wrottesley, Liver¬ pool, and Birmingham, 1865, 264 - on an anemometer for the registra¬ tion of cyclones or other tropical hurricanes, 1865, 19 — — 011 the normal forms of clouds, 1886, 530 Osmond (F.), notes on the report on molecular phenomena associated with the magnetisation of iron (phenomena occurring at a red heat'), 1890, 157 Osmunda regalis (Linn.), some points in the development of, C. P. Ilobkirk on, 1881, 675 "■‘Ossiferous caves in Malta, Dr. Falconer on, 1862, 195 * - caverns of the south of Devonshire, H. C. Hodge on the, 1864, 57 Ossuary at Rothwell, in Northampton¬ shire, Dr. Beddoe on the, 1875, 170 Osteology of an infantile gorilla skeleton, Dr. A. Thomson on some points in the, 1878, 597 - of the arm, the comparative, Dr. T. P. Durand on, 1879, 405 Ostracocanthus dilatatus, gen. et spec, nov., a fossil fish from the Coal-Mea¬ sures S.E. of Halifax, Yorkshire, J. W. Davis on, 1879, 343 310 GENERAL INDEX Ostracoda dredged amongst the Hebrides , George S. Brady on, 1866, 208 Ostwald (Prof. W.) on the electrical behaviour of semiperm cable membranes, 1890, 331 ; on the theory of solution , *-> 'j - - on tlie action of semiperm eable membranes in electrolysis, 1890, 746 Otago, New Zealand, Dr. James Hector on the geology of the province of, 1864, 54 - W. Lauder Lindsay on the geology of the gold-fields of, 1862, 77 *Otolites, E. S. Higgins on, 1864, 57 Otoscope, Dr. Politzer’s, J. Toynbee on the action of the Eustachian tube in man, as demonstrated by, 1861, 176 Oudry (M.) on galvanic copper and its applications, 1863, 19 Ouse, on tidal observations made in the River, in 1864, 1864, 129 Ova, certain remarkable structures re¬ sembling, from deep water, Professor McIntosh on, 1885, 1073 * Ovary, and oviduct in certain osseous fishes, E. E. Prince on the development of the, 1887, 760 ^'-Overcrowding in Liverpool, R. W. Pitcher on, 1876, 208 Overland expeditions to the Arctic coast of America, Dr. J. Rae on, 1885, 1133 Oviduct, the , and connected structures in certain fresh-water Teleostei , report on the development of, 1888, 338 Ovules, polliniferous, Dr. M. T. Masters on, in a rose, 1867, 93 Ovum, Dr. G. Thin on the nucleus in the frog’s, 1885, 1069 Owen (Prof. R.) on the psychical and physical characters of the Mincopies, or ■natives of the Andaman Islands , and on the relations thereby indicated to other races of manldnd, 1861, 241 — — ■ on a Dinosaurian reptile ( Scelido - saurus Harrisoni ) from the Lower Lias of Charmouth, 1861, 121 ; on the remains of a Plesiosaurian reptile ( Plesiosaurus Australis ) from the Oolitic formation in the middle island of New Zealand, 122 ; on the cervical and lumbar vertebrae of the mole ( Talpa Huropaa), 152; on some ob¬ jects of natural history. from the col¬ lection of M. Du Cbaillu, 155 - - - on the characters of the Aye- Aye, as- a test of the Lamarckian and Darwinian hypothesis of the transmutation and origin of species, 1862, 114; on the zoological significance of the cerebral and pedal characters of man, 116; on the homologies of the bones of the head of the Polypterus nilotieus , 1 18 . - [Dr. R.], Address to the Biological Section, 1881, 651 ; on the homology of the conario-hypophysial tract or of the so-called ‘ pineal ’ and ‘ pituitary ' glands, 719 Owen [Sir R.], American evidences of Eocene mammals of the ‘ Plastic Clay ' period, 1885, 1033 Ox, Prof. Cleland on the epithelium of the cornea of the, in relation to the- growth of stratified epithelium, 1867, 100 Oxalic acid, the secretion of, in the dog. Dr. T. W. Mills on, 1884, 783 * - ether, A. R. Catton on Loewig’s researches on the action of sodium amalgam on, 1867, 32 ; *1868, 35 Oxaluric acid, W. H. Pike on several liomologues of, 1873, 65 *Oxenham (E. L.) on a journey from Peking to Han-kow, 1873, 172 Oxford, Dr. Daubeny on tlfe number of graduates in arts and medicine at, for the last two centuries, 1866, 127 Oxfordshire, G. E. Roberts on the dis¬ covery of elephant and other mamma¬ lian remains in, 1863, 87 Oxidation of terpenes, the limited, C. T. Kingzett on, 1876, 64 - the effect of, on the magnetic pro¬ perties of manganese steel, L. T. O’Shea on, 1890, 753 Oxides, the more stable, the behaviour of, at high temperatures, Dr. G. H, Bailej' and A. A. Read on, 1890, 773 Oxus, the River, the early traditions of. Sir II. Rawlinson on, 1870, 174 * - Major PI. Wood on changes in the course of the, 1875, 197 Oxygen gas, Dr. B. W. Richardson on the inhalation of, 1864, 125 - J. A. Wanklyn on the continuous production of, 1872, 85 - the atomicity of, G. J. Stoney on, 1876, 69 * - - the thermo-chemistry of, T. Fairley on, 1877, 51 - - the activity of, and the mode of formation of hydrogen dioxide, C. T. Kingzett on, 1882, 494 * - the liquefaction of, Prof. J. Dewar on, 1884, 679 * - liquid, the chemical actions of. Prof. Dewar on solutions of ozone and, 1885, 985 - - the rate of explosion of hydrogen and, H. B. Dixon on, 1885, 905 * - - and nitrogen from the atmosphere, exhibition and description of the appa¬ ratus employed in obtaining, by Messrs, Brin, 1885, 977 - gas in a pure state, 11'. A. Shensi one and J. T. Cundall on the preparation and storage of, 1886, 213 - evidence of the tetravalency of, derived from the constitution of th£ GENERAL INDEX. 311 azonaphthol-compounds, by Prof. R. Meldola, 1888, 635 Oxygen, the absorption spectmm of. Profs. Liveing and Dewar on, 1888, 576 - the atomic weight of, Dr. A. Scott on, 1888, 631 - and other gases, report on the influ¬ ence of the silent discharge of electricity on, 1889, 54 ; 1890, 338 * - , les spectres de I'oxyg'ene, Dr. J. Janssen sur, 1888, 547 *Oxyuvitic acid, A. Oppenheim on, 1875, 45 Oyster, Frank Buckland on the natural history and cultivation of the, 1864, 89 — — Frank Buckland' s report on the cultivation of the, by natural and arti¬ ficial methods, 1865, 3 - - cultivation, F. Buckland on, 1866, 70 * - fisheries in Ireland, John Hoare on the, 1866, 74 - and salmon cultivation in England, Frank Buckland on the progress of, 1868, 90 *Oysters, green, Prof. E. Ray Lankester on, 1883, 540 *- - - young, exhibited by H. S. Ellis, 1865, 86 Ozokerite, the chemical composition of a nodule of, found at Kinghorn-ness, W. I. Macadam on, 1879, 309 Ozone. Dr. Moffat on atmospheric, 1861, 88 ; 1870, 61 — — - E. J. Lowe’s observations on, 1862, 46 - box, E. J. Lowe on his, 1862, 46 - and ozone-tests, E. J. Lowe on, 1863, 22 — — Dr. T. Wood on oxidation by, 1863, 58 * - Dr. G. Kemp on, 1864, 32 - Dr. B. W. Richardson on certain physiological experiments with, 1865, 1 10 - in the atmosphere, John Smyth, jun. on an apparatus for the determi¬ nation of the, and experiments made therewith by means of the aspirator. 1865, 37 * - and antozone, J. M. M‘Gaulay on the nature and properties of, demon¬ strated experimentally, 1866, 38 ■ - Dr. Daubeny on, 1866, 37 - F. W. Moffat on observations on, at sea, 1867, 25 — - atmospheric, Dr. II. Cook on the registration of, in the Bombay Presi¬ dency, and the chief causes which influence its appreciable amount in the atmosphere, 1869, 64 - Dr. Thomas Moffat on the phos¬ phorescence of the sea and, 1869, 72 * - Prof. Redfern on the effects of, on the animal economy, 1874, 143 Ozone, T. Moffat on the apparent connec¬ tion between sun-spots and atmo¬ spheric, 1874, 37 * - solutions of, and the chemical actions of liquid oxygen, Prof. Dewar on, 1885, 985 Ozonised air, the action of, upon micro¬ organisms and albumen in solution, J. J. Coleman on, 1885, 1058 Ozonometer, Dr. Moffat on his tube, 1872, 79 Ozonometry, Dr. Moffat on, 1871, 76 Pachitea, Messrs. Wallace and Mayne on a Peruvian expedition up the rivers Ucayali and, 1867, 131 Pachytheca, a Silurian alga of doubtful affinities, C. A. Barber on, 1888, 71 1 Pacific, Northern, Dr. Sclater on an ap¬ parently new marine animal from the, 1872, 140 - ocean fauna, W. Harper Pease on the principal divisions of the, 1863, 101 *Paddle-wheel, Prof. Macdonald on an improved, 1867, 156 Page (T.) on bridge-foundations, 1863, 176 Paget (Lord A.), third report on steam¬ ship performance, 1861, 190 - (Lord C.), third report on steam¬ ship performance, 1861, 190 *Pahang, an independent state in the Malajum peninsula, W. B. d’Almeida on, 1888, 747 *Pain, Prof. Rolleston on the physiology of, 1868, 120 Paintings in picture galleries, Dr. D. S. Price on the action of light upon sul¬ phide of lead, and its bearing upon the preservation of, 1865, 34 - water-colour, the action of light on, Dr. A. Richardson on, 1888, 641 - water-colour, the fading of, Prof. W. N. Hartley on, 1886, 581 Paisley town hall, the foundation of, M. Blair on, 1879, 344 *Palaearctic region, the Rev. H. B. Tris¬ tram on certain facts on the variation of species, which point to Western Asia as the centre of creation for the, 1863, 107 Paleechinus, W. Hellier Baily on some new points in the structure of, 1864, 49 Palaeolithic age, W. Boyd Dawkins on the attempted classification of the, by means of the mammalia, 1871, 149 - implements found in the Axe valley, J. Evans on seme, 1877, 116 - implement manufactory, the site of a, at Crayford, Kent, F. C. J. Spurrell on, 1880, 574 - — flint implement from Palestine, H. Stopes on a, 1880, 624 312 GENERAL INDEX Palaeolithic stone implement from Egypt, H. Stopes on a, 1880, 624 - man, evidence of the existence of, during the Glacial Period in East Anglia, S. B. J. Skertchly on, 1879, 379 Palceontological and zoological researches in Mexico , report of the Committee for conducting , 1880, 254 Palaeontology, Australian, contributions to, by Charles Moore, 1862, 83 - of mineral veins, Charles Moore on the, 1862, 82 ( see Reports, 1868, 428 : 1869, 360) * - of Plymouth, notes on the, by R. N. Worth, 1877, 79 - of Oxfordshire , of Berkshire, and of Buckinghamshire, list of works on the, bg W. Whitaker, 1882, 327 - of Staffordshire , Worcestershire, and Warwickshire , list of works on the, by W. Whitaker , 1885, 780 - of Wales, list of works on the (to the end o/1873), by TP. Whitaker, 1880, 397 Palaeozoic deposits of South Devon, the succession of the, A. Champernowne on, 1877, 66 - floras in North America, Principal J. W. Dawson on the succession of, 1865, 50 - rocks beneath the South-east of England, some further evidence as to the range of the, R. A. C. Godwin- Austen on. 1879, 227 - rocks of the Craven district, J. E. Marr on some sections in the Lower, 1881, 650 - rocks of North Devon and West Somerset, W. A. E. Usher on the, 1881, 629 - rocks near Settle, J. E. Marr on the Lower, 1886, 663 ‘ Paleontologie de lAsie Mineure,’ M. Tchihatchef on his, 1869, 100 Palestine channel and canal scheme, C. Walford on the, 1883, 617 * - Rev. H. B. Tristram on the dis¬ tricts of, as yet imperfectly explored. 1867, 131 - Eastern, report of the Committee for promoting the survey of, 1882, 296 ; 1883, 308; 1884,272; 1885, 691 - exploration in, Cyril Graham on, 1867, 1 16 - Exploration Fund, George Grove on the exploration of the Holy Land, as proposed by the, 1865, 121 ; 1866, no - Exploration Fund, Capt. C. W. Wilson on the, 1867, 131 - Exploration Fund, the geographical work of the, Trelawney W. Saunders on, 1881, 741 - explorations, report of the Committee appointed for the purpose of furthering the, 1875, 81 '^Palestine, the geology of, Rev. H. B. Tristram on, 1864, 191 - the geology of. Prof. E. Hull on, 1884, 272 - notice of an outline geological map of, by Prof. E. Hull, 1885, 1015 - journey to Harran and thence over Mt. Gilead into the Promised Land, Dr. Beke on a, 1862, 141 * - the ornithology of, and the pecu¬ liarities of the Jordan valley, Rev. H. B. Tristram on, 1864, 191 - reconnoissance of some portions of, made in 1865-66, Lieut. Anderson on a, 1867, hi - survey of, Lieut. R. Conder on the, 1874, 178 - trans-Jordanic, recent travels in, Laurence Oliphant on, 18S0, 659 Palgbave (R. H. I.) on the relation of the banking reserve of the Bank of England to the current rate of interest, 1873, 199 - on the economic effects of combina¬ tions of labourers and capitalists, 1874, 266 ; 1875, 146 - Address to the Section of Economic Science and Statistics, 1883, 605 - on the best methods of ascertaining and measuring variations in the value of the monetary standard, 1887, 247 ; 1888, 181 ; 1889, 133 ; 1890, 485 - on the statistical data available for determining the amount of the precious metals in use as money, fyc., 1888, 219 ; 1889, 164 ; 1890, 498 - on the distribution of the licenses proposed to be transferred in aid of local expenditure, 1888, 764 - (W. G.) on North and South Arabia, 1866, 114 - on the North-east Turkish frontier and its tribes, 1868, 140 *Palladius (the Archimandrite), letters from Vladivostok and Nikolsk, South Ussuri district, 1871, 187 Pallas’s sand grouse, Prof. A. Newton on the irruption of, 1863, 105 ; 1888, 703 - as a native of Britain, Prof. A. New¬ ton on, 1889, 616 Palmella cruenta, chemical researches on, by Dr. T. L. Phipson, 1879, 322 Palmer (Charles M.) on the construction of iron ships, and the progress of iron shipbuilding on the Tyne, Wear, and Tees, 1863, 694 - (E. H.) on the geography of Moab, 1871, 187 - (Capt. H. S.) on an acoustic pheno¬ menon at Jebel Nagus, in the peninsula of Sinai, 1871, 188 GENERAL INDEX. 313 *Paludina, the renal duet of the, W. B. Benham on, 1885, 1103 Pamir, R. B. Shaw on the physical features of the, and its Aryan inhabitants, 1872, 213 - Steppe, Col. T. E. Gordon on the exploration of the, 1875, 193 t Panama Canal, F. de Lesseps on the, 1886, 736; *1888, 738 - Canal, the Chevalier de Stoess on the, 1883, 659 - - - the inter-oceanic canal of, L. N. B. Wyse on the exploration of the American isthmus and, 1879, 454 - - the Isthmus of, the proposed canal across, Capt. B. Pirn on, 1879, 521 - Dr. Cullen on the Isthmus of, and inter-oceanic ship canal routes, 1865, 1 18 * - the coal-beds of , in reference mainly to their economic importance, Rev. Dr. Hume on, 1871, 102 Pandanece of the Mascarene and Seychelles Islands, I. B. Balfour on the, 1876, 142 Pandanus utilis, Prof. Tliiselton Dyer on the minute anatomy of the stem of the screw-pine, 1871, 128 Pangong, Capt. H. H. Godwin-Austen on the district of Lake, in Tibet, 1866, 100 Panics, commercial, W. D. Henderson on, 1873, 193 Pankhurst (Dr. R. M.) on the policy and provisions of a patent law, 1870, 196 *Panthays of Yunnan, W. F. Mayers on the, 1872, 21 1 Panton (J. H.), gleanings from outcrops of Silurian strata in Red River Valiev, Manitoba, 1884, 715 - places of geological interest on the banks of the Saskatchewan, 1887, 714 — — the flora of Victoria Park, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, 1890, 871 Paper, Dr. Stevenson Macadam on es¬ parto fibre, or Spanish grass, and its employment in the manufacture of, 1865, 33 - -manufactures of Northumberland and Durham, W. H. Richardson on the, 1863, 183 Papuan art, certain degenerations of de¬ sign in, S. J. Hickson on, 1887, 907 Papuans and Polynesians, Rev. G. Brown on, 1886, 842 - and the Polynesians, C. S. Wake on the, 1881, 696 Paradise, primitive astronomical traditions as to, R. G. Haliburton on, 1883, 572 - the site of the terrestrial, Sir H. Rawlinson on, 1870, 172 Paraffin, manufacture of, from peat. Dr. B. H. Paul on the, 1862, 50 - and its products of oxidation, Dr. Meusel and C. H. Gill on, 1868, 39 Paraffin oil, assay of coal, &c. for crude. Dr. J. Attfield on the, 1866, 33 - oil, crude, Dr. B. H. Paul on, 1864, 36 - oil, poisonous nature of crude, and the products of its rectification upon fish, Dr. Stevenson Macadam on the, 1866, 41 - oils, the production of permanent gas from, Dr. S. Macadam on, 1884, 680 - - wax, the estimation of mineral oil or, when mixed with other oils or fats, W. Thomson on, 1878, 508 Paraguay, K. Johnston on journeys in, in 1874-75, 1875, 193 - to the Pacific, M. A. Thouar on a journey from, 1890, 893 ^Parallax of a planetary nebula, Dr. Gill on the, 1871, 34 * - of stars, researches made at Dun- sink, on the annual, Prof. R. S. Ball on, 1878, 482 - of the stars, Prof. C. Pritchard on the nature of the photographic star- discs and the removal of a difficulty in the measurements for, 1887, 580 - of some of the stars, H. Fox Talbot on a method of estimating the, 1871, 34 *Parallel motion, W. Hayden on approxi¬ mate, 1874, 18; 1876, 16 - roads of Glen Roy, D. Milne-Home on the, 1876, 93 ; *J. Macfadzean on the, ib. — — - roads of Lochaber, J. Melvin on the, 1885, 1035 Paralytics, general, J. C. Brown on the chemical composition of the bones of, 1870,51 * Parana, Consul T. J. Hutchinson on the Indians of the, 1866, 96 Paranaphthaline, Prof. Anderson on the constitution of, 1861, 76 Parasite, a remarkable, Dr. Cobbold on, 1870, 135 Parasites, Prof, van Beneden sur les, 1870, hi — — and other natural enemies of insects injurious to vegetation, note on the im¬ portation and colonisation of, by Dr. C. V. Riley, 1889, 640 - of Egypt, the injurious, in relation to water-drinking, Dr. Cobbold on, 1882, 592 *Parasitic flatworm, a stock-form of the, E. Ray Lankester on, 1870, 120 Parhelia, or mock suns, observed in Ire¬ land, W. A. Traill on, 1871, 56 Paris (Admiral), report on steamship per¬ formance, 1861, 190; 1862, 282; 1863, 339 Paris basin, Prof. Hebert on the Chalk of the, 1872, 104 - Exhibition in 1867, Prof. leone Lev i 314 GENERAL INDEX on the exhibition of weights , measures , and coins at the , 1866, 363 Paris Exhibition, John Fernie on the iron ancl steel shown at the, 1867, 154 - - Exhibition, Ferdinand Kohn on the iron and steel at the, 1867, 155 - - Exhibition, Mrs. Lynn Linton on the ethnography of the, 1867, 1 1 7 - improvements and their cost, W. Tite on the, 1863, 168 Parish boundaries in the South-east of England, W. Topley on the relation of the, to great physical features, particu¬ larly to the Chalk escarpment, 1872, 197 *Park (A.), the teaching of geography in the elementary schools of England, 1887, 805 Parker (J.) on the circulation of under¬ ground waters , 1881, 309; 1882,213; 1883, 147; 1884,96; 1885, 380; 1886, 235 - - (W. K.), notes on some fossil and recent Foraminifera collected in Ja¬ maica by the late Lucas Barrett, 1863, 80, 105 — — (W. N.) on the kidneys of the Teleostei, 1882, 577 - and F. M. Balfour on the develop¬ ment of Lepidosteus, 1880, 599 Parkes (Samuel H.) on the early development of organs in embryonic life, 1865, 109 - - (W.) on tidal observations, 1868, 489; 1870, 120; 1871,203; 1872,355; 1876, 275 - on non-tidal variations of the sea- level on the coast of India, 1870, 19 Parkesine, Owen Rowland on the pro¬ perties of, and its application to the arts, manufactures, and telegraphy, 1865, 34 Parliamentary four-cornered constitu¬ encies, R. B. Hayward on the chances of success or failure of candidates for, 1868, 9 Parnell (E. A.), a new process for the metallurgic treatment of complex ores containing zinc, 1880, 544 - (E. YV.) 071 the estimation of potash and phosphoric acid, 1877, 9, 26 Paros, the island of, in the Cyclades, and its marble quarries, R. Swan on, 1889, 570 Parry (Dr. C. C.) on the desert flora of North America, 1870, 122 * - (J.) on baths and washhouses, 1 870, 197 Parsnip, James Buckman on the ennobling of roots, with particular reference to the, 1862, 97 Parsons (Capt. J.) on the rate of erosion of the sea-coasts of England and Wales. 1884, 238 ; 1885. 404 ; 1886, 847 ; 1888, 89S Parsons (P. M.) on manganese bronze. 1883, 378 - (Hon. R. C.), a system of venti¬ lation by means of fans and punkahs worked by compressed air, for use in hospitals and barracks in India and other tropical climates, 1878, 710 Partitions and derivations, J. W. L. Glaisher on, 1874, n - - J. W. L. Glaisher on the formulas of verification in, 1875, 11 - J. J. Sylvester on the theory of a point in, 1871, 23 Pascal and Newton, Sir David Brewster on the alleged correspondence between, 1867, 1 - T. Archer Hirst on the alleged cor¬ respondence between, recently commu¬ nicated to the French Academy, 1867, 2 Pastorelli (F.) on a gymbal-swung rain-gauge, 1874, 37 Pasture plants, the effects of root-section on the vitality of, Prof. W. Fream on, 1889, 648 Patagonia, the flora of the Strait of Magellan and west coast of, Dr. R. O. Cunningham on, 1869, 112 - Western, the terrestrial and marine fauna of, R. O. Cunningham on, 1870, 1 14 - natives of, Rev. W. H. Sterling on the, 1865, 94 * - the Tehuelche Indians of, Consul T. J. Hutchinson on, 1668, 137 - Don R. Lista on the discovery of the sources of the Chico in Southern. 1879, 436 Pata-patoo, Sir D. Gibb on a, from New Zealand, 1872, 185 *Patent Bill, the Society of Arts, Sir F. J. Bramwell on. 1881, 780 * — - fees, G. B. Galloway on the appli¬ cation of the funds derived from, 1867, 154 - law, Henry Dircks on statistics of invention illustrating the policy of a, 1869, 182 - law, the policy and provisions of a, Dr. Pankhurst on, 1870, 196 - law-tribunals, W. Spence on, 1861, 265 - laws, Sir W. G. Armstrong on the,. 1861, 252 - - - laws, report on 7ieiv inventions, and claims for reward for inventions, adopted by Government, 1872, 243 - laws, the amendment of the, T, Morgan on, referring to several points not hitherto discussed, 1877, 1S1 - legislation, St. J. V. Day on recent attempts at, 1876, 198, *220 - legislation, report of the Committee appointed to ivatcli and report to the Council on, 1878, 157 ; 1879,223 ; 1880, GENERAL INDEX 315 318; 1881,222; 1882, 310; 1883, 316; 1884, 293 ; 1885, 695 ^Patent monopoly, Henry Dircks on, as affecting the encouragement, improve¬ ment, and progress of science, arts, and manufactures, 1868, 159 * - systems of Great Britain and of the United States, T. Webster on the assimilation of the, 1873, 219 Patented inventions, T. Webster on the advancement of science due to, 1872, 251 Patents — can they be defended on econo¬ mical grounds ? by Prof. J. E. T. Rogers, 1861, 240 - the law of, report of the Committee on, 1861, 289 - - T. Webster on property in invention and its effects on the arts and manu¬ factures, 1861, 2 66 *— — - and copyrights, Prof. J. E. T. Rogers on, 1865, 155 Pater-on (Dr. A. M.), the morphology and physiology of the limb-plexuses, 1887, 775 - on the effects of different occupations and employments on the physical de¬ velopment of the human body, 1888, 100 ; 1889, 186 * - (Rev. J.) on a journey across Fin¬ land, from Ellenborg to Archangel via Kemi, 1876, 183 * - (William) on the consumption of fuel, 1867, 156 *Paton (Dr.) on the action and sounds of the heart, 1876, 155 Patterson (J.) on the railway accounts for 1868 just issued by the Board of Trade, with suggestions for railway reform, 1870, 197 - - (R.), report upon the best means of advancing science through the agency of the mercantile, marine, 1862, 122 * - (T. L.) on sugar, 1876, 67 * - (W.) on certain markings in sand¬ stones, 1861, 123 Pattinson (J.) on a deposit in the gas- tubes of the Cleveland blast-furnaces, 1863, 48 ; on zinc, nickel, and cobalt in the Cleveland ironstone, 49 ; on the various kinds of pyrites used on the Tyne and neighbourhood in the manu¬ facture of sulphuric acid, ib. - - on the best means for the develop¬ ment of light from coal-gas, 1880, 241 - (J. and Dr. H. S.) on Chilian man¬ ganese ore, 1889, 537 Pattison (8. R.), note on the Carbon¬ iferous coast-line of North Cornwall, 1877, 75 Paul (Dr. B. H.) on the manufacture of hydrocarbon oils, paraffin, &c., from peat, 1862, 50; on the decay and pre¬ servation of stone employed in build¬ ing, ib. *Paul (Dr. B. H.), recent applications; of the hydrocarbons derived from arti¬ ficial and natural sources, 1863, 191 - on crude paraffin oil, 1864, 36; *on the disposal of town refuse, ib. ; on useful applications of slag from iron¬ smelting, 37 — — on the treatment and utilisation of sewage, 1869, 313 ; 1870, 49 * - and A. D. Cownley on the valua¬ tion of commercial crude anthracene. 1873, 65 - and C. T. Kingzett, preliminary account of the alkaloids from Japanese aconite, 1877, 52 - (W.) on the relative value of clari¬ fied and unclarified sewage as manure, 1872, 247 Pauper children, the boarding-out of. Miss I. M. Tod on, 1878, 659 Pauperisation of children by the opera¬ tion of the ‘ Scotch Education Act, 1872,’ M. Blair on the, 1885, 1176 Pauperism of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1851 to 1860, Frederick Purdy on the relative, 1861, 231 - - - of Lancashire, F. Purdy on the, 1862, 165 * - population, and immigration in the dominion of Canada, J. Lowe on, 1884, 866 * - exhibition of maps illustrating the statistics of, by Dr. Rhodes, 1890, 922 *Pavy (Dr.) on the reason why the stomach is not digested by its own secretion during life, 1863, 19 1 *Payne (Joseph) on the relation between learning and teaching, 1868, 175 - (R. W.) on the Transvaal district of South Africa, 1866, 114 Peach (B. N.) and J. Horne, the geo¬ logy of Durness and Etiboll, with special reference to the Highland con¬ troversy, 1885, 1027; further evidence of the extension of ice in the North Sea during the Glacial Period, 1036 - (C. W.) on the fossils of the Boulder- Clay in Caithness, 1862, 83 ; 1864, 61 ; 1866, 64 ; on fossil fishes from the Old Red Sandstone of Caithness, 85 - on the occurrence of the sperm- whale (Physeter macro cephalus') near Wick, N.B., 1863, 106 - on traces of Glacial Drift in the Shetland Islands, 1864, 59 - - on fossil fishes of the Old Red Sandstone of Caithness and Sutherland, with notice of some new to those counties, 1867, 72 ; on the fructifica¬ tion of Griffith sia corallina found in the West Voe, Outskerries, Shetland, 96 ; on naked-eyed Medusas found at 316 GENERAL INDEX. Peterhead and Wick and other British localities, ib. Peach (C. W.) on the fossil fishes of Cornwall, 1868, 76 ; on a new Eschara from Cornwall, 109 - on the discovery of organic remains in the rocks between the Nare Head and Porthalla Cove, Cornwall, 1869, 99 - on an Ebalia new to the British list, 1870, 122 - additions to the list of fossils and localities of the Carboniferous forma¬ tion in and around Edinburgh, 1871, 109; on the so-called tailless trout of Islay, 133 - on circinnate vernation of Sphen- opteris affinis from the earliest stage to completion, and on the discovery of Staph y lopteris, a genus new to British rocks, 1876, 94, 144 - - an Antholithes discovered by, W. Carruthers on, 1870, 72 Peach, Dr. Karl Koch on the specific identity of the almond and the, 1868, 192 Peacock (G.) on the encroachment of the sea on Exmouth Warren. 1869, 166 - (R. A.) on a new plan for hanging dock- gates, 1863, 177 - new formula for calculating steam- pressures, steam and volcanoes, burst¬ ing of boilers, 1864, 19 ; on chain-cable and anchor testing, 187 - on steam as the active agent in earthquakes, 1865, 68 ; on extensive and deep sinkings of land in the Channel Islands seas, and on some changes of the French coast of the Bay of Biscay within the historical period, 70 - on the change of form and position of land on the south end of the Isle of Walney, 1866, 66 ■ - on some future and past changes in the earth’s climate, 1870, 82 - on chain-cable testing and proposed new testing-link, 1871, 240 - how a national natural-history museum might be built and arranged with advantage, 1872, 138 - (T. F.) on building societies and the Act of 1874, 1875, 218 Pearls, the parasitic origin of, Robert Garner on, 1862, 126 Pearse (J. W.) on the communication of motion between bodies moving at different velocities, 1887, 882 - - - transmission of motion and power, 1888, 823 — — (Dr. W. H.), geography of consump¬ tion in Devonshire : deaths from con¬ sumption during the ten years 1861-70, 1877, 1 12 Pearson (Rev. J.) on the physical theory of the tides, with especial reference to their diurnal inequality, 1883, 405 Peasant properties and protection, Lady Verney on, 1886, 755 *Pease (J. W.), N. Wood, J. Taylor, and J. Marley, on coal, coke, and coal¬ mining in Northumberland and Dur¬ ham, 1863, 191 - (W. Harper) on the principal divi¬ sions of the Pacific fauna, 1863, 101 *Peat, F. H. Danchell on, 1873, 186 - Dr. Paul on the manufacture of hydrocarbon oils, paraffin, . Carpenter on the results of the ‘ Challenger ’ researches into the, 1874, 1 72 - constants of solutions, Trofs. W. L. Goodwin and D. H. Marshall on the, 1884, 679 - constants of solution, report on the investigation of certain, especially the expansion of saline solutions , 1885, 261 ; 1886, 207; 1887, 48 - and chemical constitution of comets and meteorites, P. Rraham on the, 1889, 520 - development, Dr. Hambleton on, 1890, 974 - proportions for life insurance and recruiting , a scale of, by C. Itobcrts, 1884, 282 - properties of the matter of the interior of the earth, the limits of hypotheses regarding the, Prof. H. Hennessy on, 1878, 485 * - properties of solids and liquids in relation to the earth’s structure, Prof. H. Hennessy on the, 1877, 42 - qualifications, experiments at Eton College on the degree of concordance between different examiners in assigning rnarhs for , by A. A. Somerville , 1889, 477 - - research , report on the provisions existing in the United Kingdom for the rigorous prosecution of, what further provision is needed ? and what measures should be taken to secure it ? 1869, 213 - science , suggestions for a course if elementary instruction in, by Prof. Armstrong , 1889, 229 - Section, for Presidential Addresses, see ‘ Mathematical and Physical Sec¬ tion ’ - - ■ structure of the Highlands, the Duke of Argyll on the, in connection with their geological history, 1876, 81 * - theory of undercurrents, Dr. W. B. Carpenter on the, 1874, 22 * - units of nature, G. J. Stoney on the, 1874, 22 ^Physics of the internal earth, Dr. Vaughan on the, 1874, 22, 95 - and mathematics, the progress of the chief branches of, report of the Committee for endeavouring to procure reports on, 1879, 3 7 * Physics, practical, Prof. W. F. Barrett on the teaching of, 1874, 22 * - some remarks on, by M. Janssen, 1871, 29 - in schools, report on the teaching of, 1874, 71 Physiography of Southern India, Col. B. R. Branfill on the, 1885, 1124 '•^Physiological activity, Dr. A. Crum Brown on the connection between che¬ mical constitution and, 1868, 1 1 3 - action, report on the connection be¬ tween chemical constitution and , 1869, 209 — — action of hydrate of chloral, Dr. B. W. Richardson on the, 1869, 222 - - action of organic chemical com- j)ounds, report on the, by Dr. B. W. Richardson, 1871, 145 - action of crystalline aconitia and pseudo-aconitia, Dr. T. R. Fraser 011 the, 1873, 12S *- - action of the chinoline and pyri¬ dine bases, further researches on the, by Prof. Dewar and Dr. M‘Kendrick, 1875, 165 * - action of pyro-, meta-, and ortho- phosphoric acids, Prof. A. Gamgee on the, 1876, 64 * - action of light, recent additional observations on the, Prof. Dewar on, 1876, 151 - effects of various drinking-waters, some, W. J. Cooper on, 1875, 163 * - experiment, a new kind of colour apparatus for, J. Aitken on, 1885, 1079 - experimentation, report of the Com¬ mittee appointed to consider the subject of, 1871, 144 {see 1870, lxii) * - selection, an additional suggestion on the origin of species by G. J. Romanes, H. Seebohm on, 1886, 685 Physiology, Subsection of, Addresses to the : — Newcastle, Dr. Gr Rolleston, 1863, 109 Bath, Dr. E. Smith, 1864, 101 Birmingham, Prof. II. W. Acland, 1865, 94 - Department of, Nottingham, Prof. G. M. Humphry, 1866, 81 ■ - and Anatomy, Addresses by the Presidents of the Department of (see ‘ Anatomy and Physiology ’) - - W. K. Bridgman on voltaic elec¬ tricity in relation to, 1869, 119 - of the lymphatic system, report on the, 1887, 145 ; 1888, 363 ; 1889, 128 ^Physique terrestre, faits divers de, par Dr. Janssen, 1869, 41 * Pliytophthora infestans, Prof. M. Ward on the germination of the spores of, 1886, 700 * Phytopti, a contribution to our knew- 326 GENERAL INDEX. ledge of the, by Prof. P. McMurrick, 1884, 782 Pickering (Prof. E. C.), Draper memo¬ rial photographs of stellar spectra exhibiting bright lines, 1886, 553; 1887, 622 - - (S. U.) on the molecular weights of liquids and solids, the evidence dedu- cible from the study of salts, 1885, 989 — on the nature of solution, 1886, 581 - - on the bibliography of solution, 1887, 57; 1888, 54; 1889, 53; 1890, 310 - - the present position of the hydrate theory of solution, 1890, 31 1, 337 *Pickwell (R.) on continuous door- locks and footboards for railway car¬ riages, 1881, 776 - - on a self-registering ship’s compass, 1883, 657 Picoline and its derivatives, Dr. W. Ram¬ say on, 1876, 67 Picrite, a Shropshire, W. W. Watts on, 1887, 700 Pictish and Scandinavian customs on the Anglo-Scottish border, Dr. Phene on, 1881, 693 Piets, the, and prae-Celtic Britain, Hyde Clarke on, 1885, 1223 ^Picture-writing, Eastern, J. Park Harri¬ son on the, 1876, 165 *Pidgeon (D.) on agricultural imple¬ ments, 1884, 896 • — - — (W.R.)on the Shipman engine, 1888, 806 Piedmont, M. Moggridge on the 4 Muffa ’ of the sulphur-springs of Yaldieri in, 1868, 106 *Pierce (J., jun.) on the United States Geographical and Geological Survey, 1887, 804 ^Pier-heads, M. Evans on the application of spring-fenders to, 1876, 223 Pierotti (Signor) on recent notices of the Rechabites, 1862, 147 Piesse (C. H.) and Dr. Wright on the oxidation products of the essential oil of orange-peel, 1871, 83 Pietermaritzburg, Natal, Dr. R. J. Mann’s meteorological observations made at, 1868, 24 Pigment, a new mineral white, Dr. T. L. Phipson on, 1878, 514 Pike (W. H.) on several homologues of oxaluric acid, 1873, 65 Pikermi vertebrate and invertebrate faunas, the geological age and relations of the Siwalik and, W. T. Blanford on, 1880, 577 Pilcher (W.) on Spanish Honduras, 1890, 897 Pile-driver, W. Sissons on a patent steam. 1865, 190 ■ - dwelling recently discovered at Ulrome, in Holderness, Yorkshire, J. W. Davis on a, 1883, 567 Piloceras, Salter, the genus, as elucidated by examples lately discovered in North America and in Scotland, A. H. Foord on, 1887, 717 Pim (Captain Bedford) on an inter- oceanic and international transit-route through Central America, 1863, 143 514 - on the volcanic phenomena and mineral and thermal waters of Nica¬ ragua, 1864, 66 - on the mining district of Chontales, Nicaragua, 1867, 127 - on the proposed canal across the Isthmus of Panama, 1879, 521 - *on British shipping and the ton¬ nage laws, 1881, 780 ; *on the lawyer’s marine pocket case, 781 * - on the British navy, 1883, 657 - on the transit-route through Central America projected by, E. Salmon on, 1863, 183 Pin-hole photography, Lord Rayleigh on, 1889, 493 Pine-timber, Prof. Mallet on the occur¬ rence in recent, of Fichtelite, a hydro¬ carbon hitherto only known in a fossil state, 1872, 79 Pinto (Major Serpa) on the native races of the head-waters of the Zambesi, 1879, 393 ; journey across Africa from Bengueia to Natal, 437 Pinus pinaster , Prof. Dickson on the cones of, 1872, 127 - - Thunbergii, androgynous cones in, and some remarks on their morpho¬ logy, F. E. WTeiss on, 1890, 854 Piperic and hydropiperic acids, G. C. Foster on, 1861, 78 Pirie (Prof. G.) on calculating the sur¬ face tension of liquids by means of cylindrical drops or bubbles, 1885, 898 ; on the surface tension of water which contains a gas dissolved in it, ib. Pishin Valley, Lieut. St. G. C. Gore on the, 1879, 446 ■'•'•Pitcher (R. W.) on overcrowding in Liverpool, 1876, 208 Pitcher plants, a new method of pre¬ paring the epidermal tissues of, Dr. J. M. Macfarlane on, 1885, 1088 Pitman (I.) on brief writing, 1864, 169 - - on economy in education and in wri¬ ting, 1888, 776 Pitt (Robert) on a machine for testing girders, 1864, 189 Pitt-Rivers (Major-Gen.), for communi¬ cations before 1880, see Fox (Col. A. Lane-) - - on the work of the Anthropometric Committee, 1880, 120; 1881, 225 ; 1882, 278; 1883, 253 - on excavations in the earthwork GENERAL INDEX 327 called Danes’ Dyke at Flamborough, and on the earthworks of the York¬ shire wolds, 1881, 690; on the dis¬ covery of flint implements in stratified gravel in the Nile Valley, near Thebes, 693 ; on excavations in a camp called Ambresbury Banks, in Epping Forest, 697 Pitt-Rivers (Major-Gen.) on obtaining photographs of the typical races in the British Isles, 1882, 270 ; on the inves¬ tigation of the Loughton Camp, 274 ; 1883, 243 - on the facial characteristics of the races and principal crosses in the British Isles, 1883, 306 ; 1884, 294 * - on the working of the Ancient Monuments Act of 1882, 1885, 1214 - the Corresponding Societies Com¬ mittee, 1886, 285 ; L887, 459 ; 1888, 255 ; 1889, 187 ; 1890, 55 - - on the preparation of a new edition of ‘ Anthropological Notes and Queries ,’ 1887, 172; 1889, 186; 1890, 547; on racial photographs from the ancient Egyptian pictures and sculptures, 1887, 439 - Address to the Anthropological Sec¬ tion, 1888, 825 - [Lieut. -Gen.] on the effects of dif¬ ferent occupations and employments on the ‘physical development of the human body, 1888, 100; 1889, 186 - human bones discovered by, at Woodcuts, Rotherley, &c., Dr. Beddoe on, 1888, 839 - on the anthropological measurements taken at Bath, 1889, 423 - on the anthropological measurements taken at Newcastle, 1889, 1890, 549 * - excavation of the Wansdyke at Woody ates, 1890, 983 ^Placenta, structure of the, in relation to the theory of evolution, Prof. W. Turner on the, 1876, 163 * - structure of the human, Dr. C. S. Minot on the, 1887, 760 Placentation of the Cetacea, Prof. Turner on the, 1871, 144 - of the Dugong, Prof. Sir W. Turner on the, 1889, 629 Plane moving through water, experiments by W. Eroude on the surface-friction experienced by a, 1872, 118 Planetary configurations, B. Stewart on sun-spots, and their connection with, 1863, 11 * - nebula, Dr. Gill on the parallax of a, 1871, 34 Planets in 1860, minor, Norman Pogson on three of the, 1862, 16 - - the possibility of the existence of intra-mercurial, Balfour Stewart on, 1881, 518 Planets, R. S. Browne on the relative dis¬ tances of the, from the sun, 1863, 5 Planimeter , Amsler's, F. J. Bramwell on, 1872, 401 - a new sphere, Prof. Hele Shaw on, 1888, 584, *821 * Planispheres, Chevalier Ignazio Villa on some improved celestial, 1862, 18; *ter restrial, 148 *Plant (John) on human remains from Poole’s Cavern, 1866, 97 * - on the geology and fossils of the Lingula-flags at Upper Mawddach, North Wales, 1867, 72 - on a flint flake core found in the Upper Valley Gravel at Salford, 1870, 156 * - on the Burleigh rock-drill, 1873, 216 - on the circulation of underground waters, 1875, 1 14; 1876, 95 ; 1877, 81 ; 1878, 382; 1879, 155; 1880, 87; 1881 309; 1882,213; 1883, 147; 1884, 96: 1885, 380; 1886,235 ; 1887,358; 1888. 145 ; 1889, 71 ; 1890, 352 - on the erratic blocks of England , Wales, and Ireland, 1878, 185 ; 1879, 135; 1880,iio; 1881,204; 1882,243; 1883,136; 1884,219; 1885,322; 1886, 223; 1887, 236; 1888,ioi; 1889, 1 15; 1890, 340 * - (Major), a new species of Virgu- laria, 1887, 760 * - (T. L.) on meteorology, with a description of meteorological instru¬ ments, 1862, 34 - on the anomalies of our climate, 1865, 19 Plant-acclimatisation, Dr. W. Lauder Lindsay on, in Scotland, with especial reference to Tussac grass, 1867, 88 - beds of North Greenland, report of the Committee for the exploration of the, 1867, 57; 1869, 1 - digestion, especially as occurring in Carica papaya. Dr. S. Martin on, 1885, 1078 - house, description of a new, by T. Bewley, 1863, 95 - remains discovered by Mr. W. M. Flinders Petrie in the cemetery of Hawara, Lower Egypt, P. E. Newberry on the, 1888, 712 Plantations, Dr. Grierson on the destruc¬ tion of, by a species of vole, 1867, 82 Plants, the anatomy of, Dr. D. H. Scott on some recent progress in our know¬ ledge of, 1889, 647 - changes which occur in, during the ripening of the seeds, Dr. J. B. Nevins on the, 1871, 130 - classification of, Dr. Maxwell T. Masters on the value of the characters employed in the, 1869, 114 328 GEN Eli AL INDEX. Plants of the Coal-Measures, Prof. W. C. Williamson on some of the physio¬ logical and morphological features seen in the, 1876, 145 * - collected by the voyager Dampier, Prof. Lawson on, 1873, 105 * - colour in, during different stages of their development, Neil Stewart on the functions of, 1871, 13 1 - the disappearance of native , from their local habitats, report on, 1887, 130 ; 1889, 435 ; 1890, 465 *— — the essential elements of, T. Jamie¬ son on, 1885, 969 - fossil, in the Cambrian ( Upper Loug- mynd) rocks, St. David’s, Dr. Hicks on the discovery of some, 1869, 89 - fossil, of Halifax, report on the , 1S82, 267; 1883, 160; 1887, 235 — — fossil, of the Tertiary and Secondary beds of the United Kingdom, report on the, 1885, 396; 1886, 241 ; 1887, 229 ' - and gases, R. Garner on the reci¬ procal action between, 1863, 113 * - inflorescence of, John Gibbs on the, 1862, 98 - influence exerted by light on the functions of, Dr. Daubeny on the, 1861, 141 - the life and growth of, the relation of the percentage of carbonic acid in the atmosphere to, Rev. A. Irving on, 1888, 661 - migration of cultivated, with refer¬ ence to ethnology, John Crawfurd on the, 1866, 107 - ‘ mimicry ’ in, Prof. Thiselton Dyer on the so-called, 1871, 128 - movements of water in, Prof. M'Xab on the, 1877, 105 - photographing, Dr. Karl Koch on the necessity of, to obtain a better knowledge of them, 1868, 102 - rare Scotch, Prof. J. H. Balfour on some, 1861; 86; 1867, 79; *1875, 156 - roots of, absorbing power of the, Dr. Jessen on the, 1881, 147 - roots of, Dr. Daubeny on the func¬ tions discharged by the, 1861, 141 - roots of, Dr. Daubeny’s reply to the remarks of M. F, Marcet on the power of selection ascribed to the, 1862, 9S - sapindaceous, Prof. Radlkofer on the structural peculiarities of certain, 1868, 109 - South European, in the West and South of Ireland, Prof. Hennessy on the possible introduction of, 1868, 9S * - spiral ducts in, Neil Stewart on the intimate structure of, and their rela¬ tion to the flower, 1871, 131 * - structural characters in relation to habitat in, A. S. Wilson on, 1877, 106 Plarr (Dr. G.) on the establishment of the elementary principles of quater¬ nions on an analytical basis, 1882, 451 *Platinum, C. W. Siemens on the electric conductivity of, as affected by the pro¬ cess of manufacture, 1868, 20 Platycnemic men in Denbighshire, W. Bovd Dawkins and G. Busk on the dis- covery of, 1870, 148 Player (J. H.), an accurate and rapid method of estimating the silica in an igneous rock, 1886, 471 Playfair (Dr. Lyon) on the origin of muscular force in animals, 1866. 43 - [Sir Lyon], Presidential Address at Aberdeen, 1885, 3 - on the aid given by the Dominion Government and the Government of the United States to the encouragement of fisheries , and to the investigation of the various forms of marine life on the coasts and rivers of North America, 1885, 479 * - (Col. R. L.) on the hydrographical system of the freshwater hsh of Algeria, 1871, 134 - exploration of the Aures mountains, 1875, 195 - on travels in Tunis in the footsteps of Bruce, 1876, 183 — — - on the rediscoverv of lostXumidian marbles in Algeria and Tunis, 1885, 1018 ; on the changes which have taken place in Tunis since the French protec¬ torate, 1105 - [Col. Sir R. L.], a journey in Western Algeria, May 1886, 1886, 735 - Tunis since the French protectorate, 1888, 745 - on some remarkable monuments in the neighbourhood of Tiaret in Algeria, 1889, 668 - - Address to the Geographical Section, 1890, 874 Pleistocene age, W. Boyd Dawkins on the physical geography of the Medi¬ terranean during the, 1872, 100 - deposits of the district around Liverpool, G. H. Morton on the, 1861, 120 — — deposits of the Vale of Clywd, Prof. T. McK. Hughes on the, 1886, 632 - mammals, additional remains of in Yorkshire, Rev. J. F. Blake on, 1873, 75 Plesiosauria, Simosaurus pusillus (Fraas), a step in the evolution of the, Prof. H. G. Seeley on, 1881. 618 Plesiosau'rus Australis, Prof. R. Owen on the remains of, from the Oolitic for¬ mation in the middle island of New Zealand, 1861, 122 * - brain and skull in, H. Govier Seeley on some characters of the, 1866, 66 GENERAL INDEX. 329 Plesiosaurus , the mode of development of the young: in, Prof. H. Govier Seeley on, 1887, 697 - new species of, from the Lias near Whitby, Dr. A. Carte and W. H. Daily on a, 1862, 68 Fleur acanthus and Xenacanthus, the Palseozoic elasmobranch genera, resto¬ ration of the, by Dr. A. Fritsch, 1890, 822 * Pleur one ct idee. Prof. Traquair on addi¬ tional researches on the asymmetry of the, 1868, 120 * Pleuronema doliarium , note on, by Dr. J. Barker, 1870, 1 1 1 Plimpton (Dr. R. T.) on the estimation of the halogens and sulphur in organic compounds, 1887, 669 Pliocene beds of St. Erth, Cornwall, R. G. Bell on the, 1887, 718 Plucker (Prof. J.) on spectrum anal}Tsis, 1863, 15 * - on a new method in geometry, 1863, 7 - on complexes of the second order, 1866, 6 Plunkett (T.) on the exploration of some caves in the Limestone hills of Fermanagh, 1877, 76 - on the exploration of the Fermanagh caves , 1878, 183 - on an ancient settlement found beneath the surface of the peat in the coal-bog near Boho, co. Fermanagh, 1880, 623 Plutonic, and volcanic rocks of the Mourne Mountains and Slieve Croob, Prof. Hull and W. A. Traill on the relative ages of the granitic, 1871, 101 Plymouth, Henry K. Bamber on the water-supply of, 1869, 60 - the health of, T. Littleton on, 1877, 180 - the meteorology of, J. Merrifield on, 1877, 39 - Hoe, the Drift of, J. H. Collins on, 1877, 68 * - the paleontology of, notes on, by R. N. Worth, 1877, 79 - the roses of the neighbourhood of, T. R. Archer Briggs on, 1877, 103 - and neighbourhood, the Government establishments of, R. N. Worth on, 1877, 219 — . Breakwater, R. C. Townsend on the, 1877, 219 - Waterworks, G. D. Bellamy on the, 1877, 201 - Marine Biological Association , ar¬ rangements for assisting the, 1887, 59 ; 1888, 94; *1889, 642; 1890, 444 ^Pneumatic distribution of power, Prof. A. Lupton on the, 1890, 954 * - process, R. Mushet on the treatment of melted cast iron and its conversion into iron and steel by the, 1866, 147 Pneumatic propulsion, M. Bergeron on a system of, 1866, 140 - system as applied to telegraph purposes, the development of the, J. W. Willmot on, 1885, 1198 * - tramway-car,W. D. Scott- Moncreiff on a, 1876, 233 - transmission through tunnels and pipes, R. Sabine on, 1870, 227 Pneumonia, Dr. John H. Bennett on statistics of, 1865, 144 Podophylline as a cholagogue, observations on, 1868, 224 * Pogonatum alpinum, exhibition of a specimen of, Prof. Dickson, 1877, 104 POGSON (Norman) on three of the minor planets in 1860, 1862, 16 Points and lines in space, Prof. A. Cayley on a correspondence of, 1870, 10 * - in a plane, the aspects of, Prof. Halphen on, 1881, 538 * - in a space, a connection between homographies in a straight line and, C. Stephanos on, 1881, 538 * - and signals, W. Smith on a means of recording the movements of , 1875, 252 Poisoning, Dr. George Harley on, 1862, 129 Poisons. Report on the antagonism between the action of active substances, 1872, 124 - Dr. A. T. Machattie on the detec¬ tion of, by dialysis, 1861, 34 - Dr. MTntosh, on experiments with, on young salmon, 1867, 102 Polacanthus, Rev. W. Fox on a new Wealden saurian named, 1865, 56 *Polar bodies, Prof. Weismann on, 1887, 763 * - expedition, suggestion for a new, with a proposed route, by Commander Cheyne, 1877, 40 - exploration, Capt. Sherard Osborn on, 1872, 21 1 * - planes of a point with respect to four quadric surfaces, W. Spottiswoode on the, 1881, 547 Polarimeters, Prof. S. P. Thompson on twin prisms for, 1887, 585 Polarisation of light. Relation entre les phenomenes de la polarisation rotatoire et les formes hemiedresou hemimorphes des cristaux a un ou deux axes op- tiques, par A. des Cloizeaux, 1862, 19 - rotation of the plane of, by reflec¬ tion from a magnetic pole, Dr. J. Kerr on, 1876, 40 - of small electrodes in dilute sulphuric acid, Dr. F. Richarz on the, 1888, 350 - stress in gases, complete expansions for the conduction of heat and the, G. J. Stoney od, 1879, 256 330 GENERAL INDEX. *Polariscope, demonstrating, J. F. Taylor on a defect in the, with a simple and effective remedy, 1866, 28 - a new form of, Prof. W. G. Adams on, 1878, 486 ^Polarised gas, thermal effusion and the limiting pressure in, G. J. Stoney on, 1885, 904 * - light, an instrument for the de¬ tection of, P. Braham on, 1880, 502 - light, Prof. Jellett on a method by which the formation of certain definite chemical compounds may be optically established by, 1869, 23 - light, the rotatory power of several essential oils for, Dr. J. E. De Yrij on, 1865, 40 * - light, the spectrum of, A. Waugh on, 1861, 191 - - light, theory of reflection and refrac¬ tion of, A. Cornu on a new geometrical theorem relative to the, 1866, 9 * . . rays at opposite ends of the spec¬ trum, Prof. John H. Jellett on a fluid possessing opposite rotatory powers for, 1866, 12 Polariser, a new, devised by Mr. Ahrens, Prof. S. P. Thompson on, 1885, 912 ^Polarising apparatus, a description of Spottiswoode’s pocket, by W. Ladd, 1876, 41 - prism, a new, Prof. S. P. Thompson on, 1881, 563; see 1885, 912 - prisms, the cutting of, Prof. S. P. Thompson on, 1886, 520 Pole (Prof. W.), description of the large gyroscope used by Sir W. Arm¬ strong in his investigations on rifled projectiles, 1863, 177 - on the rainfall of the British Isles, 1870, 170 ;1871, 98 ;1872, 176; 1873,257 — — - on Babbage's analytical machine, 1878, 92 Political economy, W. S. Jevons on a general mathematical theory of, 1862, 158 - — — economy, H. D. Macleod on the definition and nature of the science of, 1862, 159 * - economy as applied to the employ¬ ment of women, E. Lydia Becker on some maxims of, 1871, 201 * - economy, pauperism, the labour question, and the liquor traffic, William Hoyle on, 1871, 212 - - economy and the laws affecting the prices of commodities and labour, F. P. Fellows on, and on strikes and lock¬ outs, 1874, 203 * - economy, the definitions of, Prof. Maguire on, 1878, 667 * - partition of Africa, A. S. White on the, 1890, 892 Pollen-grains, A. W. Bennett on the form of, in relation to the fertilisation of flowers, 1874, 133 Polli (Dr.) on the antiseptic properties of the sulphites, 1867, 103 ^Pollution of rivers, Rev. R. Thomson on the prevention of, 1876, 70 - the evils arising from the, Gen. Sir J. E. Alexander on, 1883, 605 Polyatomic cyanides, Thomas Fairley on , 1868, 519 f Polycyanides, Thomas Fairley on the action of hydrogen on, 1864, 26 Polygamy, H. Clarke on, as affecting population, 1872, 224 Polymerisation, the spontaneous, of vola¬ tile hydrocarbons at the ordinary at¬ mospheric temperature, Prof. Sir H. E. Roscoe on, 1885, 967 Polymorphism of Alcyonaria, Prof. M. Marshall on the, 1883, 529 - in the fructification of lichens, Dr. W. Lauder Lindsay on, 1867, 89 - type-variation and, in their relation to Mr. Darwin’s theory of the origin of species, B. T. Lowne on, 1868, 104 Polynesian race, C. S. Wake on the, 1879, 390 Potynesians and their origin, C. S. Wake on the, 1883, 573 - — — and the Papuans, C. S. Wake on the, 1881, 696 - and Papuans, Rev. G. Brown on, 1886, 842 Polynomials, J. J. Walker on the condi¬ tions of the resolvability of homoge¬ neous algebraical, into factors, 1863, 3 Polypodium vulgare. Prof. W. R. MeXab on a variety of , 1875, 158 Polyps, development of the hydroid, Cla- vatella and Staurulia , Rev. T. Hincks on the 1861, 145 - hydroid, production of similar medusoids by certain, belonging to different genera, Rev. T. Hincks on the, 1862, 107 *Polypterus Birchii, the osteology of, Prof. R. H. Traquair on, 1870, 143 - niloticus, Prof. Owen on the homo¬ logies of the bones of the head of the, 1862, 1 18 Polystichum angulare, var .pulcherrimum, notes on apospores in, by Prof. F. O. Bower, 1886, 700 Polyzoa, British. Joshua Alder on new. 1863, 97 * - the budding of, Prof. A. C. Haddon on, 1883, 429 J - the use of the chitinous elements or appendages of the Cheilostomatous, in the diagnosis of species, G. Busk on, 1881, 662 - fossil, report on : — Carboniferous, 1880, 76; 1881, 161 ; Jurassic {British area only'), 1882, 249 ; Cretaceous GENERAL INDEX. 331 ( British only'), 1883, 1 6 1 ; 1884, 97; 1890, 378; bibliography, 1883, 206; 1884, 214 Polyzoa of the Hunstanton Red Chalk, G. R. Vine on the, 1889, 578 - from the Lower and Upper Silurian rocks of North America, descriptions of new species of, by Dr. H. A. Nichol¬ son, 1874, 90 - ovicells of the, with reference to the views of Prof. Huxley, Rev. T. Hincks on the, 1861, 145 - and Palasocorynas, G. R. Vine on Carboniferous, 1879, 350 - recent marine, report on, 1885, 481 ; classification, 489 ; list of species , 493 ; systematic arrangement, 506 ; list of synonyms, 601 ; geographical and bathymetrical distribution of, 612; Ad¬ denda : — Cyclostomatous Bryozoa from Australia, by AAV. Waters, 660; Chei- lostomatous ( fossil ) Bryozoa from S. Australia, by A. W. Waters ; fossil Ter¬ tiary Polyzoa , and note on the scarcity of Eocene Polyzoa, by A. Bell, 666 ; note on Sequenza's list of Tertiary Polyzoa from Reggio, by Rev. T. Hincks, 673 ; bibliography , 674 * - the regeneration of lost parts in, S. F. Harmer on, 1890, 862 - Shetland, Rev. A. M. Norman on, 1866, 193; 1867, 440 Pontine Marshes, Dr. H. MacCormac on the reclamation and sanification of the, 1874, 209 *Pontonia, an undescribed, Prof. R. 0. Cunningham on, 1874, 137 Pontoon trains, G. Fawcus on improve¬ ments in, 1866, 143 Poole (H. S.), note on the internal tem¬ perature of the earth at Westville, Nova Scotia, 1884, 644 - (Reg. Stuart) on the ethnic relations of the Egyptian race, 1864, 146 -— — - on racial photographs from the ancient Egyptian pictures and sculp¬ tures, 1887, 439 *Poole’s Cavern, J. Plant on human re¬ mains from, 1866, 97 Poor law, administration of the, W. A. Peterkin on the, 1871, 213 - law administration, Rev. W. Bury on, 1889, 715 - - law, the difference between the Irish and English, Dr.Hancock on, 1863, 153 * - law and its effect on thrift, G. C. T. Bartley on the, 1873, 185 - law progress and reform, exemplified in the administration cf an East London Union, W. Yallance on, 1889, 713 * - man’s garden, N. B. Ward on the, 1866, 79 * - rates, James Meikle on the mode of assessing for the, 1871, 213 Poor relief, the policy of exercising a dis¬ crimination between the deserving and undeserving in the giving of public, J. King on, 1890, 921 - removal question, some statistical researches into the, with special reference to the removal of persons of Irish birth from Scotland, by Dr. W. N. Hancock, 1878, 667 - the Scottish, A. M‘Neel Caird on some special evils of, 1876, 197 - the state of the, in 1795 and 1833, G. H. Sargant on, 1886, 781 Popp's system of transmitting power by compressed air in Paris, expeHments upon, by Prof. A. B. TF. Kennedy, 1889, 448 Population, comparative progress of the English and Scottish, as shown by the census of 1861, John Strang on the, 1861, 243 - disproportion between the male and female, of some manufacturing and other towns, Rev. A. Worthington on the, 1866, 138 - doctrines of, Dr. Farr on some, 1877, 174 - the growth of, with relation to the means of subsistence, S. Bourne on, 1877, 165 * - immigration, and pauperism in the dominion of Canada, J, Lowe on, 1884, 866 - large centres of, H. Clarke on the influence of, on intellectual manifesta¬ tion, 1873, 186 - and mortality of Bombay, P. M. Tait on the, 1869, 199 Populine, Dr, Phipson on the artificial formation of, 1862, 50 Porcelain, A. Noble on Reaumer's,1864, 36 Porifera, Rev. A. Merle Norman on the , procured by the Shetland Dredging Committee, 1868, 247, 255, 327 Pork as a source of Entozoa, Dr. Cobbold on, 1865, 102 Porphyries and green slates of the lake district, Prof. Harkness and Dr. H. A. Nicholson on the, 1870, 74 Porphyritic structure in some rocks of the Lizard district, H. Fox and A. Somervail on the occurrence of, 1887, 708 Porphyry quarries, the ancient, of Egypt, account of a recent visit to, by W. Brindley, 1887, 801 Porpoise, the chemical composition of the milk of the, Prof. T. Purdie on, 1885, 1072 Port Louis , in the Island of Mauritius, Charles Meldrum on the meteorology of, 1867, 108 * - the tides of, Capt. Evans and Sir W. Thomson on, 1877, 40 332 GENERAL INDEX. Porter (C. T.) on Richards’s indicator for steam-engines, 1863, 178 - (H. J. Ker) on farm labourers’ cottages, 1861, 230 - — — on the prevalence of ‘ Spedalske ’ or leprosy in the kingdom of Norway, 1867, 144 - on the extension of the Contagious Diseases Act, 1868, 175 - (Rev. J. L.) on a recent journey east of the Jordan, 1874, 179 - [Prof. J. L.] on some points of in¬ terest in the physical conformation and antiquities of the Jordan Valley, 1876, 184 Portishead, W. Hellier Baily on the oc¬ currence of fish-remains in the Old Red Sandstone at, 1864, 49 - Dock, F. C. Stileman on, 1875, 252 Portland, the modern and ancient beaches of, W. Pengelly on, 1870, 83 - cement, improvements in the manufacture of, F. Ransome on, 1887, 864 — — sands of Swindon and elsewhere, H. B. Woodward on the, 1888, 652 *Portrush electric railway, Dr. A. Traill on the, 1884, 893 Portstewart, additional remarks on the finding of Prehistoric objects at, by W. J. Knowles, 1876, 166 - excavations at, and elsewhere in the North of Ireland, report on, 1879, 171 ^Portuguese expedition in West Central Africa., results of the, Capt. H. Capello and Lieut. IL Ivens on the, 1880, 659 - explorations in Austral Africa during the nineteenth century, J. Batalha-Reis on, 1889, 663 *— — - possessions in West Africa, H. H. Johnston on the, 1885, 1132 Post Office Savings Bank system of Canada, J. C. Stewart on the, 1884,834 - - - Savings Banks, progress of, W. Chetwynd on the, 1864, 163 - Savings Banks, statistics of the, Alfred Hill on the, 1865, 152 Postal reform, W. Hastings on, *1873, 191 ; 1874, 209 *Poste photographique, Abbe Moigno on the, 1871, 44, 76 Post-glacial structure of Norfolk and Suffolk, S. V. Wood, jun., and F. W. Harmer on the Glacial and, 1868, So - deposits in West Lancashire, note on the correlation of certain, by C. E. De Ranee, 1877, 68 Post-miocene deposits of the Bovey Basin, South Devon, W. Pengelly on the, 1882, 532 Post-pliocene deposits of Canada, Prin¬ cipal J. W. Dawson on fossil plants of the, 1865, 50 Post-tertiary and more Recent deposits of Kashmir and the Upper Indus Valley, Lieut.-Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen on the, 1880, 589 Potash, manufacture of the prussiate of, John Lee and Thomas Richardson on the, 1863, 51 - prussiate of, the manufacture of, Dr. J. B. Readman on, 1889, 535 - and phosphoric acid in commercial products, report on the methods em¬ ployed in the estimation of, and on the mode of stating the results, 1875, 24 ; 1877, 9, 26 Potassium chlorate, the decomposition of, by heat, A. Rilliet and Prof. J. M. Crafts on, 1882, 493 * - chlorate, the explosive character of a mixture of magnesium and, P. Braham on, 1877, 51 * - — dichromate, T. Fairley on the use of, in Grove’s and Bunsen's batteries to insure constancy, 1875, 42 Potato-disease, J. Torbitt on the, 1874, 134 Potential due to contact, S. L. Hart on, 1881, 555 — — - a method of multiplying, from a hundred to several thousand volts, Prof. Sir W. Thomson on, 1885, 907 Potter (Edmund) on co-operation and its tendencies, 1861, 230 - (M. C. ), *the protection of buds against the sun, 1889, 648; *the biology of Erythrina lithosperma , ih. *Potters, J. T. Arlidge on the duration of life, the prevailing diseases, and the causes of death of, 1865, *35 Pouchet (G.) on the mechanism of the change of colour in fishes and Crus¬ tacea, 1872, 153 Poulton (E. B.), a preliminary account of the working of Dowkerbottom Cave, in Craven, during August, 1881, 1881, 622 - on heredity in cats with an ab¬ normal number of toes, 1883, 543 ; 1886, 692 ; *1888, 707 - on the artificial production of a gilded appearance in certain lepi- dopterous pupae, 1886, 692 ; some expe¬ riments upon the protection of insects from their enemies by means of an un¬ pleasant taste or smell, 694 - further experiments upon the colour-relation between phytophagous larvae and their surroundings, 1887, 756 ; further experiments upon the protec¬ tive value of colour and markings in insects, 763 ; the secretion of pure aqueous formic acid by lepidopterous larvae for the purpose of defence, 765 - discussion on coral reefs, 1888, 722 * - on the supposed transmission of acquired characters, 1889, 620 GENERAL INDEX. 333 Powder, Capt. Wynants on barytic, for heavy ordnance, 1866, 148 Powell (G. Baden) on the appro¬ priation of 7V ages and other sources of ■income, 1882, 297 - on the revenue from the taxation of alcohol, 1882, 636 - (Major J. W.) on the classification of North American languages, 1884, 899; marriage laws of the North American tribes, 91 1 - telegraphic despatch from, relative to the recent earthquake in the United States, 1886, 656 - (W.), six years’ exploration in New Britain and neighbouring islands, 1880, 658 Power (J B.) on the execretion of nitrogen: Part II., By the skin, 1878, 602 Power-couplings for rolling-mills and other machinery, F. H. Yarley and E. Furness on, 1874, 231 *Power looms, J. K. Caird on an iron carnb for, 1867, 153 Towers of circles and spheres, some geometrical theorems relating to the. Prof. W. W. Johnson on, 1890, 743 Poynting (Prof. J. H.) on a differential gravity meter , 1885, 14 1 ; 1887, 41 ; 1888, 72 — — on the proof by Cavendish’s method that electric action varies in¬ versely as the square of the distance, 1886, 523 - on electrolysis in its physical and chemical hearings, 1886, 308; 1887, 336; 1888, 339 1889, 223 ; 1890,138 - - on the desirability of introducing a uniform nomenclature for the funda¬ mental units of mechanics, 1888, 27 - and E. F. J. Love on the law of the propagation of light, 1886, 521 * Prairie Indians, \V. Hepworth Dixon on the great prairies and, 1868, 134 Prairies, It. Brown on the formation of, 1868, 134 Trail's system of central station heating and power supply, W. W. Phipson on, 1889, 749 Prance (C. C.) on depreciation of land as caused by recent legislation, 1887, 835 Pratt (J. J.) on the colony of New Scotland in Southern Africa, 1867, 128 Pre-Cambrian (Laurentian) island of St. David’s, Pembrokeshire, J. \V. Salter on the, 1864, 67 - igneous rocks of St. David’s, Prof. J. F. Blake on the, 1883, 507 - - - rocks, classification of, the British, Dr. H. Hicks on the, 1879, 351 - - rocks of Canada, first impressions of some, Prof. J. F. Blake on, 1884, 728 Pre-Cambrian rocks of Central England,. Dr. Harvey B. Holl on the, 1865, 59 - rocks in the Harlech Mountains, Merionethshire, Dr. H. Hicks on the, 1880, 584 - rocks in North Wales, some new areas of, Dr. H. Hicks on, 1878, 536 - — - rocks occurring as fragments in the Cambrian conglomerates in Britain, Dr. H. Hicks on, 1890, 803 Precession and nutation, Prof. Zenger on the nutoscope, an apparatus for showing graphically the curve of, 1871, 36 - of a viscous spheroid, G. H. Darwin on the, 1878, 482 Precessional motion of a liquid, Sir W. Thomson on the, 1876, 33 Precious metals, the amount of the, in use as money in the principal countries, the chief forms in which the money is employed , and the amount annually used' in the arts, report as to the statistical data available for determining, 1888, 219; 1889, 164; 1890,498; memorandum, by Prof.F. Y. Edgeworth , on Jevons' method of ascertaining the number of coins in circulation, 1888, 224 - stones and metals in India, the mode of occurrence of, V. Ball on, 1884, 731 Pre-Cymric epoch in Wales, Hyde Clarke on the, 1880, 629 Predatory races of Asia and Europe, C. S. Wake on the, 1875, 179 Preece (W. H.) on the telephone, 1877, 34 * - - on recent improvements in telegraphic apparatus, 1878, 697 - on lightning protectors for tele¬ graphic apparatus, 1879, 259 - - on a peculiar behaviour of copper, 1880, 470; on the proper form of lightning conductors, ib. - on standards for use in electrical measurements, 1881, 423; 1882, 70; 1883, 41; 1884, 29; 1885, 31; 1886, 145; 1887, 206; 1888, 55; 1889, 41; 1890, 95 - on the application of electricity to the localisation of a bullet in a wound, 1881, 531 ; *on a screw-gauge for electrical apparatus, 779 - on fixing a standard of white light, 1882, 38 ; 1883, 127 ; 1885, 61 ; 1886, 39 ; 1887, 47; 1888, 39 - on a new hand dynamo-machine, 1882, 447 : on recent progress in tele¬ phony, 666 ; on a new arc lamp, 667 - on the determination of a gauge for the manufacture of various small screws, 1882, 311 ; 1883, 318 ; 1884, 287 - - on telegraphic intercommunication, 1883, 650 334 GENERAL INDEX. Preece (W. H.) on the best means for facilitating the adoption of the metric system of weights and measures in Great Britain , 1884, 27 - on the law regulating the connection between current and intensity of in¬ candescence of carbon filaments in glow lamps, 1884, 654 ; *the watt and horse-power, 893 ; ^secondary batteries, ih. ; ^domestic electric lighting, ib. - on the strength of telegraph poles, 1885, 853 - on the relative merits of iron and copper wire for telegraph lines, 1885, 907 ; on domestic electric lighting, 1197 - on electric induction between wires and wires, 1886, 546; on a magnetic experiment, ib. ; multiplex telegraphy, 812 ; a portable electric lamp, ib. - on the desirability of combined action for the translation of foreign memoirs, 1887,41 - on the specific resistance of com¬ mercial iron, 1887, 609 ; on induction between wires and wires, 61 1 ; on the co-efficient of self-induction in tele¬ graph wires, 612 ; on copper wire, 874; fast speed telegraphy, ib. ; on the Brit¬ ish Association standard screw gauge, 884 ; *on an improved railway reading- lamp, ib. - discussion on lightning-conductors , 1888, 591,613 - on the C.G.S. units of measurement, 1888, 616 ; Address to the Mechanical Section, 781 - on the development of graphic me¬ thods in mechanical science , 1889, 322 - - - on the relative effects of steady and alternate currents on different conduc¬ tors, 1889, 513; telephonic communi¬ cation between London and Paris, 744 - on the character of steel used for permanent magnets, 1890, 752; on the form of submarine cables for long¬ distance telephony, 959 - and Gf. Forbes, a new thermometric scale, 1889, 514 - and H. R. Kempe on a new scale for tangent galvanometers, 1886, 546 Pre-glacial contours and Post-glacial de¬ nudation of the North-west of England, C. E. De Ranee on the, 1880, 590 - man in North Wales, evidence of, Dr. H. Hicks on, 1886, 839 - man, the migrations of, Dr. H. Hicks on, 1887, 912 Prehistoric civilisation, indications of re¬ trogression in, in the Thames valley, H. Stopes on, 1890, 979 - and Anthropological Congress, Sir R. I. Murchison on the International, 1867, 126 Prehistoric culture in India and Africa, Hyde Clarke on, 1875, 171 - inhabitants of the British Islands, the localities in which evidences of the existence of, are found, report of tho Committee for ascertaining and record¬ ing, 1887, 168; 1888, 289; 1889, 318; 1890, 548 - intercourse between East and West, facts suggestive of, Miss A. W. Buck- land on, 1884, 916 - man in Manitoba, C. N. Bell on re¬ mains of, 1886, 845 - maps, J. Evans on a new code of international symbols for use on, 1875, 173 - monuments of Cornwall as com¬ pared with those of Ireland, Miss A. W. Buckland on the, 1878, 578 - names of weapons, H. Clarke on, 1873, 141 ; 1875, 172 - objects at Portstewart, W. J. Know¬ les on the find of, 1874, 155 ; 1876, 166 - otter and beaver traps, Dr. R. Munro on, 1890, 978 - race in the Greek Islands , report on the, 1886, 284; 1887, 200; 1888, 99 - relations of the Babylonian, Chinese, and Egyptian characters, language, and culture, and their connection with sign and gesture language, Hyde Clarke on the, 1878, 590 ; 1880, 635 - remains of Britain, the minor, local science societies and, R. Meldola on, 1883, 571 - remains on Dartmoor, C. S. Bate on, 1877, 114 * - remains in the deposits of the Bovey Basin, South Devon, W. Pengelly on, 1882, 607 - remains, Dr. J. G. Garson on recent explorations made by Gen. Pitt-Rivers at Rushmore, 1887, 912 - sculptures of Ilkley, Yorkshire, J. R. Allen on the, 1878, 580 - - times, the flora and fauna of, Prof. Rolleston on, 1877, 120 - times in the North of Ireland, a glimpse of, W. J. Knowles on, 1874, 155 - times in the Valley of the Rhine, Prof. Schaaffhausen on, 1880, 624 Prejevalski’s travels in Mongolia and Northern Tibet, E. D. Morgan on, 1875, 194 * - Richthofen, and Lake Lob, E. D. Morgan on, 1878, 629 ■* - travels in Tibet, E. D. Morgan on, 1886, 734 * Prentice (Manning) on the progress of the manufacture of gun-cotton, and its application to mining, military, and sporting purposes, 1865, 34 Pressigny le Grand, J. Evans on the worked flints of, 1865, 120 GENERAL INDEX. 335 Pressigny le Grand, Prof. Steenstrup and Sir J. Lubbock, Bart.., on the flints of, 1865, 129 Pressure, some effects of, on the sedi¬ mentary rocks of North Devon, by J. E. Marr, 1887, 706 - of wheat stored in elongated cells or bins, the, I. Roberts on, 1882, 678 Pressure-fluxion, some examples of, in Pennsylvania, Prof. H. CL Lewis on, 1885, 1029 Pressure-gauge, J. Glaisher on a deep sea, invented by H. Johnson, 1861, 59 - J. Glaisher on experiments off Vent- nor with Mr. Johnson’s, 1866, 24 Pressure-log , memorandum of Mr. Fronde's experiments in relation to the , with a description of the apparatus employed , 1874, 255 ^Pressures, experiments at high, Prof. T. Andrews on, 1874, 22 Prestwich (J.) on the erratic blocks of England and Wales, 1878, 88 ; 1874, 192 ; 1875, 82 ; 1876, 1 10 ; and Ireland , 1877, 81; 1878, 185; 1879, 135; 1880, no; 1881, 204 ; 1882, 243 ; 1883, 136 ; 1884, 219 ; 1885, 322 ; 1886, 223 ; 1887, 236 ; 1888, 101 ; 1889, 1 1 5 ; 1890, 340 - on underground temperature , 1873, 252; 1875, 14, 156; 1876, 204; 1877, 194; 1883,45; 1885,93; 1889,35 - on the Sub-Wealden exploration, 1873, 490 ; 1874, 21 ; 1875, 346 ; 1878, 380 - on the circulation of underground waters , 1875, 114 ; 1876, 95 ; 1877, 56 ; 1878, 382; 1879, 155; 1880, 87; 1881, 309; 1882,213; 1883, 147; 1884, 96; 1885, 380 ; 1886, 235 ; 1887, 358 ; 1888, 145 ; 1889, 71 ; 1890, 352 - on the exploration of the Settle Caves, 1875, 166 ; 1876, 115 ; 1877, 215 ; 1878, 3 77 - on a raised beach in Rhos Sili Bay, Gower, 1880, 581 ; on the geological evidence of the temporary submergence of the South-west of Europe during the early human period, ib. - [Prof. J.], some observations on the causes of volcanic action, 1881, 610 ; on the strata between the Chilles- ford beds and the Lower Boulder Clay, ‘The Mundesley and the Westleton beds,’ 620 ; on the extension into Essex, Middlesex, and other inland counties of the Mundesley and Westleton beds, in relation to the age of certain hill- gravels and of some of the valleys of the South of England, ib. - on the preparation of an interna¬ tional geological map of Europe, 1882, 241 - notes relating to some of the Drift phenomena of Hampshire : 1. Boulders, Hayling Island ; 2. Chert debris in the Hampshire gravel ; 3. Elephant Bed, Freshwater Gate, 1882, 529; on the equivalents in England of the ‘ Sables de Bracheux,’ and on the southern limits of the Thanet sands, 538 Prestwich [Prof. J.] on the rate of ero¬ sion of the sea-coasts of England and, Wales , 1884, 238 ; 1885, 404 ; 1886, 847 ; 1888, 898 - on the advisability and possibility of establishing in other parts of the country observations upon the prevalence of earth tremors similar to those now being made in Durham , 1888, 522 Pre-Turkish frontagers of Persia, H. H. Howorth on the, 1870, 1 5 1 Price (Prof. B.) on the influence of the rotation of the earth on the apparent path of a heavy particle, 1861, 6 - report on the adequacy of existing data for carrying into effect the sugges¬ tion of Gauss, to apply his general theory of terrestrial magnetism to the magnetic variations, 1862, 170 * - on some applications of the theory of probabilities, 1865, 7 ; *ontheexten- sion of Taylor’s theorem by the method of derivations, ib. - on tidal observations , 1868, 489 ; 1870, 120 - on instruction in elementary geo¬ metry, 1873, 459 - on instruction in elementary geo¬ metry, and on the syllabus drawn up by the Association for the improvement of geometrical teaching , 1876, 8 - on the possibility of calculating tables of certain mathematical func¬ tions, 1889, 28 * - modification of Arbogast’s method by, Prof. Sylvester on, 1865, 9 - (Dr. D. S.) on the action of light upon sulphide of lead, and its bearing upon the preservation of paintings in picture galleries, 1865, 34 - (F. G. H.) on the examination of two caves near Tenby, 1878, 209 - (James) on the use of wind power for raising water, disposal of sewage, and drainage, with special reference to Ire¬ land, 1878, 709 - (Dr. John) on the cuckoo-flower or lady’s smock ( Cardamine pratensis ), 1870, 122 * - exhibited germinating specimens of Cardamine pratensis, 1878, 572 - (J. E.) on the work of the Anthro¬ pometric Committee , 1883, 253 - (L. L.), the relations between sliding scales and economic theory, 1888, 523 — . — the relations between industrial conciliation and social reform, 1889, 706 336 GENERAL INDEX. Price (L. L.) on some typical economic fallacies made by social reformers, 1890, 928 Price-level, the variations of, since 1850, M. G. Mulhall on, 1885, 1157 Prices of commodities and labour, F. P. Fellows on political economy and the laws affecting the, 1874, 203 - depression of and results of economy of production, Hyde Clarke on, and on the prospect of recovery, 1885, 1168 - - in their economical and statistical relations, Hyde Clarke on effective consumption and effective, 1887, 832 * - the fall of, in Belgium, France, and England, graphic illustrations of, by Prof. Denis, 1887, 832 - in Europe, America, and Asia, Hyde Clarke on prospective, 1 884, 868 - - real and money, changes in, W. Hooper on, 1887, 830 *Prideaux (T. S.) on economy in fuel, 1861, 269 * - on the functions of the cerebellum, 1864, 125 * - on the principles of ethnology, 1864, 147 - on the construction of shot-proof targets, 1864, 187 * - phrenology, or the physiology of the brain, the most important department of ethnology, 1865, 92 - on the occasional definition of the convolutions of the brain on the ex¬ terior of the head, 1869, 225 Priestley (J.) on the physiological action of vanadium, 1876, 155 ; on the physiological action of chromium, 156 - - Prof. Gamg-ee, and L. Larmuth on the difference in the poisonous activity of phosphorus in ortho-, meta-, and pyro-phosphoric acids, 1876, 15 1 ; on the action of pyrophosphoric acid on the circulation, 152 Priestman (Miss A. M.) on the indus¬ trial position of women as affected by their exclusion from the suffrage, 1875, 218 Prime numbers, J. W. L. Glaisher on the law of distribution of, 1872, 19 - see Davis (W. B.) Primes in Burckhardt and Dase’s tables, J. W. L. Glaisher on the enumeration of, 1877, 20 - - certain special enumerations of, J. W. L. Glaisher on, 1878, 470 - of the forms 4/i+l and in +3, the enumerations of, J. W. L. Glaisher on, 1879, 268 Primitive agriculture, Miss A. W. Buck- land on. 1876, 164 - condition of man, Sir John Lubbock ontheo'igin of civilisation and the, 1869, 137 Primitive human family, C. S. Wake on the, 1878, 592 Primula sinensis exhibited by Prof. A. Dickson, 1869, 113 - veris, an abnormal plant of, Prof. M‘Nab on, 1877, 105 - vulgaris , an abnormality of, with interpetaline lobes, Prof. A. Dickson on, 1875, 157 Prince (E. E.) on the development of the food-fishes at the St. Andrews marine laboratory, 1885, 1091 ; on the nest and development of G 'astrosteus spinachia at the St. Andrews marine laboratory, 1093 - points in the development of the pectoral fin and girdle in teleosteans, 1886, 697 - *on the development of the ovary and oviduct in certain osseous fishes, 1887, 760; on the so-called luminous organs of Maurolicus pennanti (the British pearl-sides), 769 ; on the ova of Tomopteris onisciformis, Eschscholz, ib. ; *on a ciliated organ, probably sensory, in Tomopteris onisciformis, ib. *Pringle (A.) on some probable new elements, 1886, 577 *Pringsheim (Prof. N.) on assimilation and the evolution of oxygen by green plant cells, 1887, 763 ^Printing telegraph apparatus, an im¬ proved, M. Sortais on, 1862, 196 - telegraph, Bonelli’s, W. Cook on, 1863, 18 ; D. E. Hughes on a, ib. - type, a rotary machine for compos¬ ing and distributing, J. Southward on, 1890, 951 Prism, J. A. Davies’s observations upon the production of colour by the, 1861,31 — — and chromascope, John Smith on the, 1861, 33 ^Prismatic structure in basalts and other igneous rocks, further illustrations of the jointed, Prof. J. Thomson on, 1876, 96 Prisms, H. Swan on a new kind of minia¬ ture, possessing apparent solidity by means of a combination of, 1863, 17 f - Nicol’s, W. Ladd on the construc¬ tion of large, 1874, 26 ; ( see ‘ Nicol ’) Prison diet and discipline , report on the action of, on the bodily functions of prisoners, Part I., by Dr. Edward Smith and W. R. Milner, 1861, 44 ; appendices, 67 - dietary in India, Dr. Mouatt on, 1861, 170 ■ . - discipline, Sir John Bowring on penal law as applied to, 1869, 180 * - labour, Sir John Bowring on the moral and pecuniary results of, 1S6S* Prisons, Sir John Bowring on productive GENERAL INDEX. 337 labour in, as associated with the re¬ formation of criminals, 1867, 135 I'ritchard (Rev. C.) on mapping the surface of the moon , 1867, 1 ; 1868, 1 ; 1869, 76 - on tidal observations, 186S, 4S9 ; 1870, 120 - on the nature of the photographic star-discs and the removal of a diffi¬ culty in measurements for parallax, 1887, 580 - (Dr. U.) on the termination of the nerves in the vestibule and semicircular canals of mammals, 1876, 156; * *on a microscope adapted for showing the circulation in the human subject, 158 ^Probabilities, Prof. Price on some ap¬ plications of the theory of, 1865, 7 - Prof. Sylvester on a special class of questions on the theory of, 1865, 8 ^Probability function, J. E. Hilgard on the verification of the, 1872, 21 Probyn (L. C.), the effects on Indian exports of the fall in the gold price of silver, 1888, 768 Proctor (Barnard S.) on the focal ad¬ justment of the eye, 1863, 16 - (Rev. J. L.) on the Marganza, 1863, 146 - (R. A.) on the laws of star-grouping, 1870, 24 * - on the construction of the heavens, 1871, 34 ^Profits, division of the employer's, amongst the workpeople, the practica¬ bility of a, Dr. Watts on, 1862, 196 Progress of the English and Scottish population, as shown by the census of 1861, J. Strang on the comparative, 1861, 243 Progression, Prof. R. W. Genese on the sum of the nth. powers of the terms of an arithmetical, 1886, 540 Projectiles with cycloidal rotation, R. W. Woollcombe on oblate, 1862, 187 141 - flight of, experiments illustrative of the, P. Braham on, 1877, 40 - mechanical properties of iron, at high velocities, W. Fairbairn on the , 1862, 178 - proper form of, for penetration under water, Joseph Whitworth on the, 1868, 195 Projection of a sphere, transformation of the stereographic equatorial, by means of a certain form of the Peaucellier cell, Prof. A. W. Phillips on, 1884, 649 Proneomenia, the affinities of, Dr. A. A. W. Hubrecht on, 1881, 673 Pronephros of Teleosteans and Ganoids, F. M. Balfour on the, 1881, 721 Pronghorn, Dr. P. L. Sclater on the systematic position of the, 1866, 77 Propeller, an oblique, Prof. Osborne Reynolds on, 1870, 222 Propellers, the effect of, on the steering of vessels, report on, 1876, 66 ; 1877, 200 ; 1878,419; 1880,699; *1881, 779 ( see 1875, 141 ; 1876, 70) Property, the law of succession to, Dr. W. N. Hancock on, 1877, 176 - real, Frederick Purdy on local taxa¬ tion and, 1862, 162 - real, Thomas Browne on the transfer of, 1866, 124 Proportion-table, Prof. J. D. Everett on a new, 1866, 2 Proportions of the human body, a port¬ able scale of, W. F. Stanley on, 1885, 1206 Propulsion, stability, and sea-going quali¬ ties of ships, report on the existing hnowledge on the, 1869, 10 ; 1870, 44 Protagon, Dr. Hughes Bennett on, in relation to the molecular theory of organisation, 1867, 97 Protandry and protogyny in British plants, A. W. Bennett on, 1870, 111 ’'"'Protection of buds against the sun, M. C. Potter on the, 1889, 648 Protection and free trade, the battle be¬ tween, in Australia, W. Westgarth on, 1887, 833 - in the United States and its lessons, G. Baden- Powell on, 1880, 671 - in young communities, recorded results in Victoria and New South Wales, G. Baden-Powell on, 1881, 760 Protective value of colour and markings in insects, further experiments upon the, by E. B. Poulton, 1887, 763 *Proteids of serum, W. B. Halliburton and E. A. Schafer on the, 1884, 785 Protogyny and protandry in British plants, A. W. Bennett on, 1870, 111 ^Protoplasm and adipocere, D. J. Good¬ man on, 1875, 167 - the continuity of the, through the wralls of vegetable cells, W. Gardiner on, 1883, 534 - and cell wall, the relations of, in the vegetable cell, F. O. Bower on, 1883, 535 - - - a chemical difference between living and dead, Dr. O. Loew on, 1885, 1075 * - motion of, in the fucaceous Algae, Prof. P. M. Duncan on the, 1873, 126 - and the germ theory, Dr. Child on, 1870, 131 * - living, the state of the water in, Prof. M. M. Hartog on, 1889, 645 Protoplasmic continuity in the Flori- dere, 'T. Hick on, 1883, 547 - and fungus life, Dr. Crace-Calvert on the relative power of various substances in preventing putrefaction and the development of, 1872, 69 z 338 GENERAL INDEX. Protoplasmic life, F. Crace-Calvert on spontaneous generation or, 1871, 123 Protoplasts, the intercellular connection of, Prof. W. Hillhouse on, 1883, 535 Protopterus annectens, restoration of the tail in, Prof. R. H. Traquair on the, 1871, 143 _ _ the torpid state of, Prof. Wieders- heim on, 1887, 738 *Prout (Rev. G.), ascent of Um Shaumur, in the peninsula of Sinai, 1862, 196 Pryer (W. B.) on British North Borneo, 1886, 733 Psaronius, Prof. J. Hall on the occur¬ rence of trunks of, in an erect position, resting on their original bed, in rocks of Devonian age in the State of New York, 1872, 103 Pseudophone, Prof. S. P. Thompson on the, 1879, 255 Psychology, ethnic, R. Dunn on, 1873, 143 - - experimental, a proposed society for, J. Jacobs on, 1885, 1230 Pteraspis, E. R. Lankester on the species of the genus, 1864, 58 - - E. R. Lankester on the genus, 1864, 100 - E. Ray Lankester on the British species of, 1865, 65 *Pterichthyidge, remarks on the zoologi¬ cal affinities of the, by Dr. R. H. Traquair, 1889, 638 Pterodactyle, H. G. Seeley on the, as evidence of a new subclass of Verte- brata (Saurornia), 1864, 69 * - H. G. Seeley on the relations between extinct and living reptiles, and the present state of our knowledge of, 1868, 78 Pteroplax , James Thomson on new forms of, with notes on their structure by Prof . Young, 1869, 101 Pteropoda dredged in the Shetland and adjacent seas, 1868, 246 Pteryyotus , J. W. Salter on a new, from the Lower Old Red Sandstone, 1868, 78 Ptolemaic geography and Ptolemaic maps, some points in connection with, Dr. Schlichter on, 1890, 897 Public prosecutors in England, the cost of adopting the system of, as illustrated by the results of the Scotch and Irish systems, Dr. W. N. Hancock on, 1877, 175 . - thoroughfares, the purification of, by the application of deliquescent chlorides, W. J. Cooper on, 1870, 53 *Pullan (Capt. A.), notes on British Gurhwal, 1871, 189 Pulsations of a rotating bell, G. H. Bryan on the, 1890, 743 Pulse, Dr. Francis E. Anstie on certain effects of alcohol on the, 1868, 111 Pulse-rate, A. H. Garrod on the, and the forces which vary it, 1872, 15 1 Pumice or volcanic dust, a tabular statement by C. Meldrum of the dates at which, and the localities where, was seen in the Indian Ocean in 1883-84, 1885, 773 *Pump, centrifugal, J. H. Gwynne on an improved, 1868, 192 - filter-, T. E. Thorpe on an im¬ proved form of, 1872, 83 Pumping engines, non-rotative, the ex¬ pansion of steam in, H. Davey on, 1880, 697 - machinery, E. D. Leavitt, jun. on, 1884, 889 Punishments, capital, and their influence on crime, Henry Ashworth on, 1861, 203 Punjab, the rivers of the, Gen. R. Mac- lagan on, 1885, 1129 Purdie (Prof. T.) on the action of sodium alcoholates on fumario and maleic ethers, 1885, 972 ; on the chemical composition of the milk of the por¬ poise, 1072 Purdy (Frederick) on the relative pau¬ perism of England, Scotland, and Ire¬ land, 1851-60, 1861, 231 - on local taxation and real property, 1862, 162; on the pauperism and mortality of Lancashire. 165 - - on the decrease of the agricultural population of England, 1851-61, 1863, 156 ; on the mortality of Lanca¬ shire, &c., during the year ended at Midsummer 1863, 159 — — - report on the uniformity of weights and measures , 1864, 102 ; 1865, 375 - on the quantity and value of foreign grain imported into the United Kingdom since the repeal of the Corn Laws, 1864, 171 - on the pressure of taxation on real property, 1869, 57 -- - on some experiments in agriculture, 1869, 197 Purity and impurity in the use and abuse of water, Major-Gen. Synge on, 1873, 200 ■^Purser (Prof. F.) on bitangents to the surfaces of centres of a quadric, 1874, 19 - on the occurrence of equal roots in Lagrange’s determinantal equation of small oscillations, 1878, 463 ; on the geometrical treatment of bicircular quartics, 465 * - (Prof. J.), remarks on Napier’s original method of logarithms, 1871, 23 - on the source from which the kinetic energy is drawn that passes into heat in the movement of the tides, 1874, 22 GENERAL INDEX. 339 ^Purser (Prof. J.) on the modification of the motion of waves produced by fluid friction, 187G, 31 * - on the applicability of Lagrange’s equations to certain problems of fluid motion, 1878, 463 — — on the measurement of the lunar disturbance of gravity , 1880,25; 1881, 93; 1882, 95 Purton (Rev. W.) on the geology of Coalbrook Pale, 1865, 72 Purulent discharges, Dr. W. Bird Hera- path on the occurrence of indigo in, 1864, 124 Purus, Richard Spruce on the river, 1864, 148 - W. Chandless on an ascent of the river, 1865, 116 Pus, Dr. J. Hughes Bennett on the for¬ mation of, in reference to the doctrine of cell pathology, 1865, 10 1 *Puseley ( D.) on Thompson’s universal stopper for bottles, 1863, 180 Putnam (F. W.), notice of exploration of a group of mounds in Ohio, 1884, 899 '^Putrefaction, germ-theory of, Dr. J. Dougall on the relative powers of various substances in preventing the generation of animalcules or the de¬ velopment of their germs, with special reference to the, 1871, 124 - relative power of various substances in preventing, and the development of protoplasmic and fungus life, Dr. Crace-Calvert on the, 1872, 69 - sulphuretted hydrogen as a product of, Dr. Moffat on, 1861, 89 Putumayo, the river, South America, the ascent of, A. Simson on, *1876, 184; 1877, 149 Puydt (Lucien de), exploration of the Isthmus of Darien, with a view to discovering a practical line for a ship canal, 1867, 128 Pycnogonoidea, list of the British, by George Hodge, 1863, 102 Pye-Smith (Dr. P. H.) on the nature of intestinal secretion , 1874. 54 ; 1875, 339; 1876, 308 - Address to the Department of Ana¬ tomy and Physiology, 1879, 406 - on the influence of bodily exercise on the elimination of nitrogen , 1880, 159; 1882,242; 1883, 242; 1884, 265 - on the Scottish zoological station , 1881, 177; 1882, 282; 1883, 233 - (R. J.) on the German and other systems of teaching the deaf to speak, 1880, 216 Pygmy languages of Africa, Hyde Clarke on the classification of the Akka and, 1874, 147 ^Pyramid, exhibition of photographs of the interior of the Great, taken with the magnesium light by Prof. C. Piazzi Smyth, 1865, 40 Pyrenees, C. Martins et E. Collomb sur l’ancien glacier de la vallee d’Argeles dans les, 1867. 66 ^Pyrenees, P. W. Stuart Menteath on Tertiary and Post-tertiary action in the, 1867, 70 - the retention of ancient and pre¬ historic customs in the, Dr. Phene on, 1880, 627 * Pyridine bases, chinoline and, further researches by Prof. Dewar and Dr. McKendrick, on the physiological action of the, 1875, 165; *by W. Ramsay and Dr. McKendrick, 1877, 111 - series, summary of investigations on the, by Dr. W. Ramsay, 1878, 51 1 Pyrites, formation of, in a South Stafford¬ shire coal-pit, Lovibond Peicival on the, 1865, 71 - various kinds of, used on the Tyne and neighbourhood in the manufacture of sulphuric acid, J. Pattinson on the, 1863, 49 *Pyrocatechin as a derivative of certain varieties of tannic acid, Dr. J. Watts on, 1877, 53 Pyrocresols, the derivatives and the con¬ stitution of the, Dr. W. Bott and Prof. H. Schwarz on, 1887, 669 - further researches on the, by Dr. W. Bott and J. B. Miller, 1888, 642 Pyrola rotundifolia, the parasitic habits of, T. Gibson on, 1870, 116 Pyrometer , Siemens's, report of the Committee appointed to test, 1872, 134; 1874, 242 Pyrophosphoric acid, the action of, on the circulation, Prof. A. Gamgee, J. Pjiestley, and L. Larmuth on, 1876, 1 52 *Pyro tartaric acid, remarks, by W. Dittmar, onReboul’s paper on, 1876. 63 Python ( Python molurus ), observations on the incubation of the Indian, by W. A. Forbes, 1881, 723 ^Quadratic surds, a linear relation between two, Prof. H. J. S. Smith on, 1881, 538 Quadrature of the circle, J. W. L. Glaisher on Lambert's proof of the irrationality of tt, 1871, 12 Quadratures and interpolation, the ap¬ plication of, to actual data, C. IF. Merrifield on the present state of know¬ ledge of, 1880, 321 Quadric transformation, Prof. T. A. Hirst on, 1865, 6 * - transformation, the effect of, on the singular points of a curve, Prof. H. J. S. Smith on the, 1875, 21 z 2 340 GENERAL INDEX. ♦Quadric transformation. Prof. H. J. S. Smith on, 1878, 465 * _ Prof. F. Purser on bitangents to the surface of centres of a, 1874, 19 ♦Quadrics and other surfaces, W. Spot- tiswoode on multiple contact of, 1874, 19 - ternary, Prof. R. W . Genese on syzegetic relations between the co¬ efficients of, 1882, 452 Quadrumana, Dr. Collingwood on Geof- froy St. Hilaire’s distinction between catarrhine and platyrrhine, 1862, 106 - Dr. Edwards Crisp's contributions to the anatomy of the, with a compa¬ rative estimate of the intelligence of the apes and monkeys, 1S64, 92 Quamic, binary, W. Spottiswoode on the reduction of the decadic, to its canon¬ ical form, 1861, 1 1 - binary, Prof. Cayley on the number of covariants of a, 1871, 9 - binary, report on the calculation of tables of fundamental invariants of, 1882,37 Quantitative analysis, a method of. by Dr. G. H. Bailey and J. C. Cain, 1890, 772 Quartan curves, F. W. Newman on tri- diametral, 1S72, 22; on, with three or four diameters, 23 ; on monodia- metral, ib. Quartic surface with twelve nodes, a form of, Prof. Cayley on, 1S86, 540 Quartics, bicircular, the geometrical treatment of, F. Purser on, 1S78, 465 - binodal, Prof. R. W. Genese on a class of, 1881, 538 Quartz, Dr. Smith on certain difficulties in the way of separating gold from. 1861, 92 - implement from St. George’s Sound, H. Woodward on a, 1870, 158 * - Prof. Croullebois on the action of, on ultra-violet rays, 1872, 36 - a specimen of, from Australia, exhibiting curious optical properties, Dr. P. Frazer on, 1888, 655 * - nodules, Dr. Robert Sim on certain, occurring in the Crystalline Schists near Killin. Perthshire, 1872, 122 Quartzites, Alexander Bryson on artifi¬ cially produced, 1863, 67 Q.uartzose conglomerate of the New Red Sandstone of the central portion of England, Edward Hull on the source of the, 1 869, 91 Quaternary deposits, Charles Moore on new discoveries connected with, 186S, / 4 - mammalia, W. Boyd Dawkins on the relation of the, to the Glacial Period, 1871, 95 Quaternions, application of, Prof. J. D. Everett on a new, 1874, 11 ♦ - application of, to the rotation of a solid, Prof. P. G. Tait on the, 1868, 1 1 - the establishment of the elementary principles of, on an analytical basis, Dr. G. Plarr on, 1882, 451 Quebec, the apatite deposits of the pro¬ vince of, G. C. Brown on, 1884, 716 Queen Charlotte Islands, R. Brown on the physical geography of the, 1868, T 1 JJ Queensland, R. Daintree on the general geology of, 1871, 95 - the present and future of, C. Lum- holtz on, 1889, 667 Quixcke (Prof. G.) on the magnetic pro¬ perties of gases, 18S7, 60S ♦Quinine, Wentworth L. Scott on the presence of, and other alkaloids in the animal economy, 1867, 104 Quixx (E. P.) on a simple method of projecting upon the screen microscopic rock sections, both by ordinary and by polarised light, 18S7, 725 Race affinities of the Madecasees, C. S. Wake on the, 1869, 15 1 - elements of the Irish people, G. Henry Kinahan on the, 1S69, 136 Races of men, classification of. Prof. W. Turner on the index of the pelvic brim as a basis of. 1S85, 1205 - of men inhabiting the Jummoo and Kashmir territories, F. Drew on the distribution of the, 1874. 147 - extinction of, R. Lee on the, 1863, 140 - mixed, Hyde Clarke on the want of statistics on the question of, 1869, 181 - non-Aryan and non-Semitic white, and their place in the history of civil¬ isation, J. S. Stuart-Glennie on the, 1887, 89S - anciennes de l’lrlande. H. Martin sur les, 1878, 5S5 ♦Racial photographs, a collection of, J. Park Harrison on, 1881, 693 - photographs from the ancient Egyptian pictures and sculptures, re¬ port of the Committee for procuring, 1887, 439 Racines aeriferes, Prof. C. Martins sur les, ou vessies natatoires, la synonymie, etc., de quelques especes aquatiques du genre Jussi tea, 1867, 163 ♦Radcliffe (Dr.) on the mechanism of muscular contraction, 1872, 152 Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford, the Rev. R. Main on the longitude of the, as deduced from meridional observations of the moon, 1S69, iS GENERAL INDEX. 341 Radiation, the dynamical theory of, Prof. A. Schuster on, 1881, 561 * - a law concerning, Prof. A. Schuster on, 1885, 905 * - experiments on, with Prof. Hertz’s mirrors, F. T. Trouton on some, 1889, 5io * - total, the dependence of, on tempe¬ rature, Sir W. Siemens on, 1883, 425 * - total, at high temperatures, the law of, Prof. J. Dewar on, 1884, 623 *Radiolarians, some deep sea, SirWyville Thomson on, 1878, 571 - and diatoms of the Carboniferous rocks, the supposed, Prof. W. C. Wil¬ liamson on, 1878, 534, *564 Radiometer, W. Crookes on the influence of the residual gas on the movement of the, 1876, 30 — — the curve of polarisation stress as determined by Mr. Crookes’s measures with the, G. J. Stoney on, 1879, 256 Radiometric record of sun-heat from different parts of the solar disc, W. E. Wilson on a, 1890, 760 ^Radius vector in the absolute orbit of the planets, Prof. Gylden on the de¬ termination of the, 1886, 542 Radlkofer (Prof. L.) on the structural peculiarities of certain sapindaceous plants, 1868, 109 * - on the application of the anato¬ mical method to the determination of the materials of the Linnean and other herbaria, 1885, 1080 Rae (E.) on Kairwan, 1883, 591 * - (Dr. J.) on the Esquimaux, 1865, 191 * - on the Saskatchewan valley, 1871, 189 - on the geographical distribution and migrations of birds, &c., on the northern shores and lands of Hudson’s Bay, 1878, 558; *on the best route to attain a high northern latitude, or the Pole itself, 636 - on overland expeditions to the Arctic coast of America, 1885, 1133; on the best and safest route by which to attain a high northern latitude, 1136 - on the depth of the permanently frozen soil in the Polar regions , 1886, 271 ; 1887, 1 52 - - proposed new route to the great prairie lands of North-west Canada, via Hudson’s Strait and Bay, 1886, 728 Rag ox A (Prof.) sur la calculation des phenomenes periodiques, 1880, 466 ; *on the laws of the change of speed and direction of the wind, 467 Paia, the genus, the presence of a ‘ tym¬ panum’ in, G. B. Howes on, 1882, 577 Ra'ian, Ain, the desert from Dahshur to, Capt. C. Surtees on, 1887, 801 Basin, explorations in the, C. Whitehouse on, 1886, 730; 1888, 746 - Canal, Cope Whitehouse on the, 3 890, 955 - Moeris, projected restoration of the, and the province, lake, and canals ascribed to the Patriarch Joseph, C. Whitehouse on, 1885, 1127 - Moeris, Cope Whitehouse on the, 1887, 799 - project for the storage of Nile flood, Cope Whitehouse on the, 1888, 799 - reservoir, the feasibility of the, Col. Ardagh on, 1887, 800 Rail, W. D. Gainsford on an invention for the purpose of attaining greater adhesion between the driving-wheel and the, 1866, 143 Railway accidents, Dr. G. Arnott on, from trains running off the rails, 1861, 252 - accidents, the prevention of, J. Sewell on, 1862, 186 - accidents, the prevention of, and automatically recording the move¬ ments of the points and signals and other apparatus of railways, W. Smith on, 1874, 229 - accidents, statistical account of, for the year 1881, by Rev. Dr. Ace, 1882, 630 - accounts for 1868 just issued by the Board of Trade, J. Patterson on the, with suggestions for railway reform, 1870, 197 — — across the Malay peninsula, H. Wise on a proposed, 1861, 201 - administration, J. S. Jeans on some defects in English, 1886, 768 - amalgamation, W. Symons on a plan for, with Government control, 1872, 251 * - appliances, R. R. Harper on im¬ provements in, 1876, 225 - axles and other portions of ma¬ chinery subjected to rapid alternations of strain , F. J. Bramwell on the influ¬ ence of form considered in relation to the strength of, 1869, 422 - axles, Bowater’s patent for manu¬ facturing, A. Bowater on, 1870, 210 - between the coasts of England and France, John F. Bateman and J. J. Revy on a proposed cast-iron tube for carrying a, 1869, 206 - brake, sledge, James Higgin on a, 1861, 262 - brakes, an apparatus for recording the results of experiments with, Sir F. J. Bramwell on, 1882, 677 - carriages, R. Pickwell on continu- 342 GENERAL INDEX ous door-locks and foot-boards for, 1881, 776 Railway, rhe centre-rail, W. C. Thomas on, 1873, 219 - communication, underground, in great cities, Col. R. R. Hazard on, 1888, 821 - couplings, a suggested improvement in, W. P. Marshall on, 1886, 802 - Highland , Joseph Mitchell on the construction and works of the, 1867, 15 1 * - passengers, G. B. Galloway on intercommunication between, 1865, 150 - - passengers’ and guards’ communi¬ cation, S. Alfred Varley on, 1869, 220 * - passengers and guards, communi¬ cation between, Messrs. Stroudley and Rusbridge on, 1875, 252; *1876, 233 - permanent-way construction, W. Seaton on an improved patent saddle- rail and, 1874, 229 * - reading-lamp, an improved, W. H. Preece on, 1887, 884 - reform, suggestions for, by J. Pat¬ terson, 1870, 197 - signalling, hydraulic apparatus for, C. E. Carr on, 1889, 737 - sleeper, an improved steel, with chairs pressed out of the solid, H. White on, 1889, 872 - through Southern Persia, Maj.-Gen. Sir F. J. Goldsmid on a, 1890, 888 - Stockton and Darlington, W. Fal¬ lows on the origin of the, 1863, 153 - street, John Haworth on a, 1861, 258 * - suspended, G. Stevenson on a, 1877, 218 - trains, a new view of the conse¬ quences of unpunctuality in, C. Wat¬ ford on, 1885, 1 180 - - trains, communicator for, W. R. Browne on Roberts’s patent, 1875, 243 - trains, the vibration of, Prof. J. Milne on, 1889, 492 - . - trains, -vis inertias of, Peter W. Barlow on the power required to over¬ come the, 1864, 184 - tunnels, long, the construction and ventilation of, T. R. Crampton on, 1883, 647 - for turnpike roads and highways passing through towns, W. Thorold on an auxiliary, 1868, 195 * - wire rope traction, W. Smith on A. S. Hallidie’s, 1875, 252 Railways amalgamated in competing groups, B. Haughton on, 1873, 191 - atmospheric, W. Smith on an improved valve and apparatus for, 1863, 188 - English and American, the com¬ parative cost of working, E. B. Dorsey on, 1889, 752 Railways of the future, the gauge of the, R. F. Fairlie on, 1870, 215 - gauge of, R. F. Fairlie on the, 1871, 234 * - Government administration to, T. de Meschin on the proposed extension of, 1865, 154 - light or road, a few arguments in favour of, by T. S. P. W. D’A. Sellon, 1888, 794 * - and locomotives of the districts adjoining the rivers Tees, Tyne, and Wear, J. F. Tone on the, 1863, 192 - narrow-gauge, the advantages of, J. B. Fell on, 1870, 216 * - new method of working, by station¬ ary engines, R. and W. Hawthorn on a, 1863, 192 - in Northern India as affected by the abrading and transporting power of water, Thomas Login on the roads and, 1869, 214 — - — permanent way of American , J. M. Wilson on, 1884, 593 - a plea for unity of administration, by E. J. Watherston, 1882, 643 — — in their relation to the public, R. Brandon on, 1869, 180 - - signals for, Messrs. Crichton and Craig on a system of audible, 1 875, 245 - signal-wires of, G. W. Beynon on compensating apparatus for distant, 1874, 220 * - signalling on, R. R. Harper on block, 1875, 248 * - single-track, W. K. Muir on, 1884, 885 - on three-foot gauge in the United States, Capt. D. Galton on, 1876, 224 - the through, to India, H. Clarke on the progress of, 1873, 213 - — - — underground, Mr. Symons on the working of, by hydraulic power, 1864, 189 - - in war, Gen. Sir J. F. Burgoyne on, 1865, 173 Raimondy (Prof. A.) on the Wild In¬ dians inhabiting the forests of Huanta, Peru, 1867, 129 j Rain, fluctuations in the fall of, from A.D. 1726 to A.D. 1869, 1871, 102 - lunar influence on clouds and, J. P. Harrison on, 1873, 43 - quantity of, in the Lake district , Prof. J. Phillips on the, 1868, 472 - W. S. Jevons on the deficiency of, in an elevated rain-gauge, as caused by wind, 1861, 62 Rain-gauge, a gymbal-swung, F. Pas- torelli on, 1874, 37 - new form of, G. J. Symons on a, 1874, 41 - an improved, N. L. Lonsdale on, 1879, 280 GENERAL INDEX 343 Rain-gauge, self-recording, Dr. Balfour Stewart on a, 1869, 52 * - storm, G. J. Svmons exhibited a, 1869, 53 Rain-gauges at Caine, G. J. Symons on the experimental series of, 1868, 26 * - evaporation from, John Thruston on the, 1867, 28 - influence of the angle of the lip of, on the quantity of water collected, B. Latham on the, 1879, 278 ^Rainbow, Cornelius Varley on an instru¬ ment by which any, that can possibly appear within the area of any picture, may be indicated in its right place and of the true size, 1865, 22 - - supernumerary bows in the, Rev. J. Dingle on the, 1862, 22 - J. J. Walker on an iris, seen in water, near sunset, 1861, 35 - J. J. Walker on a recent description of an iris, seen in the Lake of Lucerne, 1864, 13 Rainbows, certain phenomena accom¬ panying, Prof. S. P. Thompson on, 1878, 450 Rainfall, amount of, Prof. Cleveland Abbe on the determination of the, 1889, 508 - of Bath, Rev. L. Jenyns on the temperature and, 1864, 17 - British, G. J. Symons on, 1861, 74 - of the British Isles , G. J. Symons on the , 1862, 293 ; 1864, 367 ; 1865, 192 - of the British Isles, report of the Committee on the, 1866, 281 ; 1867, 44S; 1868, 432 ; 1869, 383 ; 1870, 170 ; 1871. 98; 1872, 176; 1873, 257; 1874, 75; 1875,91 ; (summary of previous reports) 1876, 172 — — of the British Islands, A. Buchan on the annual, 1885, 923 - the difference of, with elevation of the gauge, C. Chambers on, 1870, 30 551 - the difference of, with elevation, G. Dines on, 1877, 38 - difference of, on the top and base of York Minster, G. J. Symons on the ob¬ servations made by Prof. John Phillips on the, 1881, 551 • — — influence of forests on the, report on the, 1873, 488 - influence of the moon on the, W. Pengelly on the, 1871, 55 - the interception of, from sewers, B. Latham on, 1877, 207 — — - of Ireland, G. J. Symons on the, 1878, 692 — — in Monmouthshire and the Severn Valley on July 14th, G. J. Sj^mons on, and on some subsequent floods in Eng¬ land and Wales, 1875, 31 - - of Natal, Dr. Mann on the, 1869, 41 ^Rainfall of the northern hemisphere in July, A. Buchan on the, as contrasted with that for January, with remarks on atmospheric circulation, 1871, 232 - - of Scotland, A. Buchan on the, 1871, 232 - periodicities, C. Meldrum on cyclone and , in connection with the sun-spot periodicity , 1873, 466 ; 1874, 218 ; 1876, 267 - sunspots and, report on, hy C. Mel- drum , 1878, 230 - of Sussex, F. E. Sawyer on the, 1872, 58 - of Ulster, J. Smyth, jun. on the, 1874, 39 * - of the United States, Prof. J. Henry on the, 1870, 36 Raised beach in Rhos Sili Bay, Gower, Prof. Prestwich on a, 1880, 581 - beach on the Cumberland coast, between Whitehaven and Bowness, R. Russell and J. V. Holmes on the, 1876, 95 Rajpootana and Sind, Sir B. Frere on the Runn of Cutch and the countries be¬ tween, 1869, 163 Raleigh’s, Sir Walter, El Dorado, Dr. C. Le Neve Foster on the existence of, 1869, 162 Ralfs (J.) on the marine fauna and flora of the south coast of Devon and Corn¬ wall, 1865, 51 ; 1867, 275 Ralph (T. S.) on some toxic conditions of the blood, illustrated by the action of hydrocyanic acid, 1882, 577 Ramie, a new plant, C. F. Dennet on, with description of its uses, &c., 1872, 126 Ramsay (Prof. A. C.), Address to the Section of Geology, 1866, 46; 1881, 605 - - - on the rate of increase of underground temperature , 1868, 510; 1869, 176; 1870, 29; 1871, 14; 1872, 128; 1873, 252; 1875, 14, 156; 1876, 204; 1877, 194; 1878, 178; 1879, 40; 1880, 26; 1881,90; 1882,72; 1883,45; [Sir A. C.] 1885, 93 ; 1889, 35 - . on erratic blocks or boulders, 1873, 188; on science-lectures and organisa¬ tion, 495, 507 - Presidential Address at Swansea, 1880, 1 - on the earthquake phenomena of Japan , 1881, 200; 1882, 205 - on the preparation of an interna¬ tional geological map of Europe, 1882, 241 - on Local Scientific Societies, 1883, 3i8 - (John) on the proposal to form a ship canal between East and West Loch Tarbert, 1861, 197 344 GENERAL INDEX. Ramsay (Prof. W.) on picoline and its derivatives, 1876, 67 - summary of investigations on the pyridine series, 1878, 51 1 ; on some of the derivatives of furfurol, 512 ; exhibi¬ tion of Victor Meyer’s apparatus for taking vapour densities of substances with high boiling points, 5 1 7 - on the conditions under which ordi¬ nary sedimentary materials may he converted into met amorphic rocks, 1882, 239 - the application of bisulphide of car¬ bon to the scouring of wool, 1883, 462 - on molecular volumes, 1884, 676 - - - on the investigation of certain phy¬ sical constants of solution , especially the expansion of saline solutions, 1885, 261; 1886, 207; 1887, 48; on vapour pressures and refractive indices of salt solutions , 1885, 284 ; 1886, 204 - - on some actions of a Grove’s gas- battery, 1885, 965 ■ - on the influence of the silent dis¬ charge of electricity on oxygen and other oases, 1886, 213; 1887,42; 1889, 54; 1890, 338 — — - on electricity in its physical and chemical hearings , 1886, 30S : 1887, 336; 1888,339; 1889, 223; 1890,138 - on the nature of solution, 1887, 55 ; 1888, 93 - - - on the bibliography of solution, 1887, 57; 1888, 54; 1889,53: 1890, 310 - — — *on the behaviour of water under great provocation from heat, 1888, 562 — — on the action of light on the ky dr acids of the halogens in presence of oxygen, 1889, 59 ; 1890, 263 - - on the properties of solutions , 1889, 93 ; 1890, 310 - - discussion on the theory of solution, 1890, 325 - *on the adiabatic curves for ether, gas, and liquid, at high temperatures, 1890, 746 - - and J. T. Oundall on the non-exist¬ ence of gaseous nitrous anhydride, 1885, 965 *- — - and Prof. McKendrick on the physiological action of the substitution compound of chinoline and pyridine, 1877, hi - - - and Dr. S. Young on the van our- JL pressure of a substance in the solid and liquid states at the same tempera¬ ture, 1884, 622 ; on evaporation and dissociation, 675 - - and Dr. S. Young on a means of obtaining constant known tempera¬ tures, 1885, 928 ; on certain facts in thermodynamics, ih. — — and Dr. S. Young on the nature of liquids, 1886, 579 ‘•’‘Ramsay’s (Prof.) method of determining" specific volumes, Prof. L. Meyer on. 1887, 653 Randall (John) on the denudation of the Shropshire and South Staffordshire coalfields, 1869, 100 *Randell (J.) on the position in the Great Oolite, and the mode of work¬ ing, of the Bath freestone, 1864, 66 It an gc- finders, or telemeters, some new. Profs. A. Barr andW. Stroud on, 1890, 499 Rankin (A.) on the thermal windrose at the Ben Nevis Observatory, 1887, 595 - - (B. D. J.) on the Zambezi Delta., 1889, 666 - (Rev. T.), meteorological observa¬ tions registered at Huggate, Yorkshire, 1861, 73; 1862, 34; *1863, 25 Rankine (Prof. W. J. Macquorn), report on steamship performance, 1861, 1907 1862, 282 ; 1863, 339 - on the resistance of ships, 1861, 263, 264 - on the exact form and motion of waves at and near the surface of deep water, 1862, 5 - - Address to the Section of Mathe¬ matics and Physical Science, 1863, 1 ; an investigation on plane water-lines,. 1 So * - on the proportions of ships of least skin resistance for a given speed and displacement, 1863, 192 - report on the uniformity of weights and measures, 1864, 102 ; 1865, 375 ; 1866, 352; 1867, 468; 1868, 484; 1869, 308 ; 1870, 232 - - on the properties of certain stream¬ lines, 1864, 20 ; on some of the strains of ships, 187 ; on units of measure, 188 - on the resistance of water to floating and immersed bodies, 1865, 56 ; 1866, 1 48 - - on the second law of thermodyna¬ mics, 1865, 13 - on a table of pairs of stars for ap¬ proximately finding the meridian,. 1866, 21 ; on the experiments of the Committee upon the resistance of water to floating and immersed bodies, 147 ; on the theory of the influence of fric¬ tion upon the mechanical efficiency of steam, ib. ■ - on the analysis and' condensation of the reports of the ‘ Steamship Perform¬ ance ’ Committee, and other sources of information on the same subject, 1867, 58 ; 1868, 1 14 - - on the approximate drawing of cir¬ cular arcs of given lengths, 1867, 5 ; Address to the Mechanical Section, 149' - on tidal observations, 1868, 489 1870,i2o; 1871,203; 1872,355 GENERAL INDEX. 345 Rankine (Prof. W. J. Macquorn) on a probable connection between the re¬ sistance of ships and their mean depth of immersion, 1868, 194 _ on the stability, propulsion, and sea¬ going qualities of ships, 1869, 10; 1870, 44 - on the lams of the flow and action of mater containing solid matter in sus¬ pension, 1869, 402 ; on agricultural machinery, 404 - on the thermodynamic theory of waves of finite longitudinal disturb¬ ance, 1869, 14 - - an investigation of the mathemati¬ cal theory of combined streams, 1870, 18 ; on the thermodynamic acceleration and retardations of streams, ib. - on instruments for measuring the speed, of ships and currents, 1872, 176 - and J. R. Napier on the use of movable seats for slide-valves, 1867, 156 Ransom (Dr. W. H.) on the occurrence of Felis Lynx as a British fossil, 1866, 66 ; on the structure and growth of the ovarian ovum in the Gasterosteus Leiurus, 77 ; on the condition of the protoplasmic movements in the egg of osseous fishes, 92 Ransome (A.), the manufacture of slack barrels by machinery on the English and American systems, 1886, 817 - (Dr. A.), ^apparatus for the examina¬ tion of air, 1887, 672 ; phthisis centres in Manchester and Salford, 852 — — (F.) on recent improvements in the manufacture of artificial stone, and the application of such stone to construc¬ tive and other purposes, 1872, 248 - - improvements in the manufacture of Portland cement, 1887, 864 Ranunculus aquatilis, abnormal petals on flowers of, T. Gibson on, 1870, 115 - radians (Revel) as a British plant, W. P. Hiern on, 1865, 80 Raoult’s method, an application of, to alloys, C. T. Heycock and F. H. Ne¬ ville on the molecular weights of the metals, 1889, 534 Rapistrum rugosum, All., W. P. Hiern on the occurrence of, in Surrey, Kent, and Somersetshire, 1869, 114 Rath (G. vom), the crystallographic system of leucite, hitherto supposed to be regular, is quadratic, 1872, 79 ; on a remarkable block of lava ejected by Vesuvius at the great eruption, April 1872, which proves the formation of silicates through sublimation, 120 Ravenstein (E. G.) on Dr. G. Nachti- gall’s explorations in Africa (1 869-74), 1874, 175 ■ - onthe Palestine explorations, 1875, 81 Ravenstein (E. G.) on the Royal Geo¬ graphical Society’s map of Eastern Equatorial Africa, 1882, 623 - on the Somali and Galla countries, 1883, 595 - on maps of Central Africa down to the commencement of the seventeenth century, 1884, 803 ; object lessons in geographj^, 806 - on bathy-hypsographical maps, with special reference to a combination of the Ordnance and Admiralty surveys* 1885, 1 140 - on the combination of the Ordnance and Admiralty surveys, and the pro¬ duction of a bathy-hypsographical map ofthe British Isles, 1886, 277 ; 1887, 160 - - on the promotion of the study of geography, 1887, 158 - a plea for the metre, 1887, 805 * - Dr. Livingstone and Lake Bang- weolo, 1888, 745 f - geographical co-ordinates in the valley of the Upper Nile, 1889, 668 * - on the lands of the globe still avail¬ able for European settlement, 1890,. S93 Rawlinson (Rev. Prof. G.) on the ex¬ ploration of Moat), 1872, 210 - on the ethnography of the Cimbri* 1875, 178 - - (Sir H. C.) on the direct overland telegraph from Constantinople to Kur- rachee, 1861, 197 - on the Russian frontiers in Central Asia, 1865, 128 - on the site of the terrestrial para¬ dise, 1870, 172 ; early traditions re¬ garding the river Oxus, 174 - on the morh of the Anthropometric Committee, 1876, 266; 1877, 231 Rawnsley (Rev H. D.), manual training* an experiment at Keswick, 1887, 846 Rawson (Sir R. W.) on the morh of the Anthropometric Committee , 1876, 266; 1877, 231 ; 1878, 152; 1879, 175 ; 1880,. 120; 1881,225: 1882, 278; 1883,253; 1884, 279 - report of the Corresponding Societies Committee, 1885, 708 ; 1886, 285 ; 1887* 459 5 1888,255; 1889,187; 1890, 55 - - on the effects of di fferent occupations and employments on the physical deve¬ lopment of the human body, 1888, 100 ; 1889, 186 - - (R.) on criticoids, 1887, 604 — (W. S.), comparison of the Harcourl and Methven photometric standards, 1886, 535 Ray (Lieut. P. H.), Arctic experiences at Point Barrow, 1884, 808 ; habits and customs of the Inu of the western shore and Point Barrow, 919 Ray-curvatures, brachistochrones, and 346 GENERAL INDEX. free paths, the relations between, Prof. J. D. Everett on, 1889, 498 Ray gill fissure, Yorkshire, report on the exploration of, 1881, 645; 1883, 133; 1884,24051886,469 Rayleigh (Lord) [for communications before 1873, see Strutt (Hon. J. W.)] f - on a natural limit to the sharpness of the spectral lines, 1873, 39 t - on the forces experienced by a lamina immersed obliquely in a fluid stream, 1876, 31 * - on the lower limit of the prismatic spectrum, 1877, 32 - o)i the progress of the chief branches of mathematics and physics, 1879, 37 - on the present state of our knowledge of spectrum analysis, 1880, 258 ; 1881, 317; 1882,120; 1884, 295 - note on the theory of the induction balance, 1880, 472 - on standards for use in electrical measurements, 1881, 423; 1882, 70; 1883, 41; 1884, 29; 1885, 31; 1886, 145; 1887, 206; 1888, 55; 1889, 41; 1890, 95 - fsome colour experiments, 1881, 526; on a question in the theory of lighting, ib. — — on fixing a standard of white light, 1882, 38; 1883, 127; 1885, 61 ; 1886, 39 ; 1887, 47 - Address to the Mathematical and Physical Section, 1882, 437 ; on the tension of mercury vapours at common temperature, 441 ; on the absolute measurement of electric currents, 445 ; on the duration of free electric currents in an infinite conducting cylinder, 446 ; ton the equilibrium of liquid-conduct¬ ing surfaces charged with electricity, 447 ; ton an instrument for measuring the intensity of aerial vibration, 477 ; *011 the effect of wind on the draught of chimneys, ib. - suggestions for facilitating the use of a delicate balance, 1883, 401 ; on the imperfection of the galvanometer as a test of the evanescence of a tran¬ sient current, 444 - Presidential Address at Montreal , 1884, 3 - a lecture experiment on induction, 1884, 632 ; on telephoning through a cable, ib. ; on a galvanometer with twenty wires, 633 ; *on the colours of thin plates, 651 ; on Clark’s standard cells, ib. . - tthermodynamic efficiency of ther¬ mopiles, 1885, 898 ; a theorem relating to the time-moduli of dissipative systems, 91 1; fon an improved appa¬ ratus for Christiansen’s experiment, 930 ; toptical comparison of methods for observing small rotations, ib. ; fon the accuracy of focus necessary for sensibly perfect definition, ib. Rayleigh (Lord) on electrolysis in its physical and chemical bearings, 1886, 308; 1887,336; 1888,339; 1889,223; 1890, 138 - *on the physical and physiological theories of colour-vision, 1886, 526 ; *on the intensity of reflection from glass and other surfaces, 527 ; *on an experiment showing that a divided electric current may be greater in both branches than in the mains, ib. - on the existence of reflection when the relative refractive index is unity, 1887, 585 - is the velocity of light in an elec¬ trolytic liquid influenced by an electric current in the direction of propagation? 1888,341 - - - discussion on lightning conductors, 1888, 602, 61 1 - on the possibility of calculating tables of certain mathematical functions, 1889, 28 - on the tones of bells, 1889, 491 ; on pin-hole photography, 493 ; *on the extensibility of liquid films, 502 - on defective colour vision, 1890, 728 ; on the tension of water surfaces, clean and contaminated, investigated by the method of ripples, 746 ; instantaneous photographs of -water jets, 752 Rayleigh’s (Lord) solution for waves in a plane vortex stratum, a disturbing in¬ finity in, Prof. Sir W. Thomson on, 1880, 492 Rays, curved, orbits, and catenaries, Prof. J. D. Everett on the relations between, 1888, 581 - inclined, Prof. J. Thomson on atmo¬ spheric refraction of, and on the path of a level ray, 1872, 41 - spectral. Dr. C. K. Akin on the trans¬ mutation of, 1863, 93 * - ultra-violet, Prof. Croullebois on the action of quartz on, 1872, 36 Reaction time, an instrument for measur¬ ing, F. Galton on, 1889, 784 Read (A. A.) and Dr. G. H. Bailey, the behaviour of the more stable oxides at high temperature, 1890, 773 * - (C. S.) on the recent improvements in Norfolk farming, 1868, 177 Reade (Rev. J. B.) on photography with colour, 1862, 22 - (T. M.) on the circulation of under¬ ground waters, 1875, 114; 1S76, 95; 1877, 56 ; 1878, 382 ; 1879, 155 ; 1880, 87 - on the South- Lancashire wells , 1877, 66 - (W. W.) on a journey to the upper waters of the Niger, 1870, 175 GENERAL INDEX. 347 Reade (W. W.)and Goodison (Messrs.) on the construction of sewers in running sand, 1870, 222 Readman (Dr. J. B.), the manufacture of prussiate of potash, 1889, 535 Readwin (T. A.) on the gold of North Wales, 1861, 129 - on the gold-bearing strata of Me¬ rionethshire, 1862, 87 - - on the recent discovery of gold near Bala lake, Merionethshire, 1863, 86 * - on the recent discovery of gold at Gwynfynydd, North Wales, I860, 73 - on a Merionethshire gold-quartz crystal, and on some stream gold re¬ cently found in the river Mawddach, 1870, 84 - on the coal- and iron-mines of the Arigna district of the Connaught Coal- Measures, 1872, 122 * - on some recent changes of gold surfaces, 1877, 53; *on some recent gold pseudomorphs, ib. Real property , Frederick Purdy on the pressure of taxation on , 1869, 57 Reaping-machinery, Rev. P. Bell on, 1867, 153 Reaumer’s porcelain, A. Noble on, 1864, 36 Recalescence in iron, Prof. Barrett on, 1889, 518 Receptacle, Dr. A. Dickson on some of the principal modifications of the, and their relation to the ‘ insertion ’ of the leaf-organs of the flower, 1868, 94 Rechabites, Signor Pierotti on recent notices of the, 1862, 147 Reciprocals of the first thousand inte¬ gers, the calculation of the sum of the, Prof. J. C. Adams on, and on the value of Euler’s constant to 260 places of decimals, 1877, 14 * - of the first 2 pn numbers, a method of deducing the sum of the, from the sum of the reciprocals of the first n numbers, F. G. Landon on, 1877, 30 Reckenzaun (A.) on electric launches, 1883, 650 Reclamation and sanification of the Pontine Marshes, Dr. H. MacCormac on the, 1874, 209 '•^Reconnaissance of a new or partially known country, Lieut. Warren on, 1874, 184 Recruiting, a scale of physical propor¬ tions for , by C. Roberts, 1884, 282 Rectifiable spherical epicycloid, or invo¬ lute of a small circle, H. M. Jeffery on the, 1882, 453 Recurring decimals and Fermat’s theorem, Prof. R. W. Genese on, 1888, 580 - - decimals, J. W. L. Glaisher on, 1878, 471 *Red clay found by the ‘ Challenger ’ at great depths in the ocean, Dr. W. B. Carpenter on the origin of the, 1875, 64 - Crag, Alfred Bell on some mollus- can fauna of the, 1868, 59 - ray, Dr. Gladstone on the trans¬ mission of the, by many coloured solutions, 1864, 11 - River Valley, Manitoba, gleanings from outcrops of Silurian strata in, by J. H. Panton, 1884, 715 - Sandstone of Nova Scotia, Rev. A. W. McKay on the, 1865, 66 - Sea, Dr. Beke on the island of St. John in the, 1866, 50 - Sea, Dr. Beke on the possibility of turning the waters of the Nile into the, 1866, 105 * - Sea, Dr. C. Beke on a canal to unite the Upper Nile and, 1869, 159 * - - Sea, meteorological conditions of the, Lieut.-Gen. Strachey on the, 1888, 738 - - Sea, between the Nile and the, E. A. Floyer on the country, 1887, 801 f - Sea trade, A. B. Wylde on the, 1887, 802 * - soil of India, Dr. Gilchrist on the, 1876, 90 *Reddie (J.) on the various theories of man’s past and present condition, 1866, 1 14 Redfern (Prof.), Address to the Bio¬ logical Section, 1874, 96 ; *011 the in¬ fluence of food, and the methods of supplying it to plants and animals, 143 ; *on the effects of ozone on the animal economy, ib. Bedford (George), description of cor¬ rugated armour of steel or iron for ships of war, 1863, 182 Redgrave (A.) on the work of the An¬ thropometric Committee, 1878, 152 Redman (J. B.) on the erosion of the sea-coasts of England and Wales, 1884, 238; 1885,404, 407; 1886,847; 1887, 898, 907 Redmen about Roraima, E. F. im Thurn on the, 1885, 1215 Redtenbacher (Dr.) on Baron lenk's gun-cotton, 1863, 33 Reed (E. J.) on the iron-cased ships of the British Navy, 1861, 232 Rees (J. D.), North China and Corea, 1886, 734 ■ - (W. L.), associative economics ap¬ plied to colonisation, 1888, 762 Reflection, the existence of, when the relative refractive index is unity, Lord Rayleigh on, 1887, 585 — — extraordinary, Prof. Curtis on, 1874, 25 * - intensity of, from glass and other 348 GENERAL INDEX. surfaces, Lord Rayleigh on the, 1886, 52 7 Reflection, metallic, Prof. G. G. Stokes on a phenomenon of, 1876, 41 - of obscure heat , Prof. Magnus on emission, absorption , and , 1869, 214 Reflector, paraboloidal, for lighthouses, T. Stevenson on a, 1871, 37 * Reform in the work of the medical pro¬ fession, Miss Beedy on, 1887, 192 Reformatory and industrial school sys¬ tem, its evils and dangers, H. M'Mordie on the, 1874, 210 * - punishment, F. T. Mott on, 1879, 478 * - Sheriff Cleghorn on the Welling¬ ton, 1871, 21 1 Refraction, astronomical, G. Forbes on, 1872, 36 - - atmospheric, Rev. Prof. Challis on the augmentation of the apparent diameter of a body by its, 1862, 12 - atmospheric, Stephen Alexander on the augmentation of the apparent diameter of a body by its, 1863, 3 - atmospheric, Prof. J. Thomson on, of inclined rays, and on the path of a level ray, 1872, 41 ■ - and dispersion of light by liquids, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on the specific, 1881, 591 - dispersion, and magnetic rotation of carbon compounds, Dr. J. H. Glad¬ stone and Dr. W. H. Perkin on molecular, 1889, 515 - and dispersion in certain metals, H. E. J. G. du Bois and H. Rubens on, 1890, 728 — — double , report on, by Prof. G. G. Stokes, 1862, 253 * - double, A. R. Catton on the theory of, 1867, 10; 1868, 17 - double, a point in the theory of, R. T. Glazebrook on, 1885, 929 — — equivalent of carbon, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on the, 1865, 11 - and dispersion equivalents of chlorine, bromine, and iodine, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on, 1866, 3 7 — — equivalent of diamond and the carbon compounds, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on the, 1880, 535 * - equivalents and chemical theories, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on, 1868, 37 . equivalents, the present state of our knowledge of, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on, 1884, 674 ■ - of fluorine, G. Gladstone on the, 1885, 970 - - goniometer, the value of the, in chemical work, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on, 1885, 970 * - of liquid waves, W. S. Davis on the, 1873, 43 Refraction, magnetic double circular, Dr. De W. B. Brace on, 1885, 931 - molecular, of substances in solution. Dr. J. H. Gladstone on the, 1890, 322 — — of salt solutions, report on, 1885. 284; 1886, 204; 1887, 48 * - and solar spots, J. H. Brown on. 1872, 36 - of solids, report on the method of determining the specific, from their solutions, 1881, 155 - spectrum without a prism, Prof. Everett on a, 1873, 37 Refractive energy, Dr. J. H. Gladstone and Rev. T. P. Dale on specific, 1863, 12 - energies and the combining pro¬ portions of metals, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on the relation between the specific, 1869, 22 - indices and vapour-pressures of salt solutions, rtport on, 1885, 284; 1886, 204 ; 1887, 48 Degenerative gas-furnace, C. IF. Siemens on his, 1868, 63; working results of the, compared with the ordinary f urnace, 67 ; analysis of an inferior English pig iron before and after being puddled in the, 69 Regianic acid, Dr. Phipson on, 1871, 7 6 Registration districts of England and Wales, a proposed rearrangement of, for the purpose of facilitatiDg scientific inquiry, A. Haviland on, 1870, 193 - Act, Scottish, George Seton on certain cases of questioned legitimacy under the operation of the, 1871, 217 Reichenbach (0.), freezing as an aid to the sinking of foundations, 1886, 799 Reid (A. S.) on the collection, preser¬ vation, and systematic registration of photographs of geological interest in the United Kingdom, 1890, 429 - (C.) on the junction of the Lime¬ stone and Culm-measures near Chud- leigh, 1877, 76 - - on an ancient sea-beach near Brid¬ lington Quay, 1888, 32S ; 1889, 70; 1890, 375 - - on the Higher Eocene beds of the Isle of Wight, 1889, 89 - and H. N. Ridley, fossil Arctic plants from the lacustrine deposit at Hoxne, in Suffolk, 1888, 674 * - (J. W.) on the physical causes which have produced the unequal dis¬ tribution of land and water between the hemispheres, 1869, 100 - (Peter), statistics of the herring fishery, 1861, 156 Reinold (Prof. A. W.) on the present state of our knowledge of spectrum analysis, 1880, 258; 1881, 317; 1882, 120 ; 1884, 295 GENERAL INDEX. 349 Reinold (Prof. A. W.), the size of mole¬ cules, 1885, 986 - on electrolysis in its physical and chemical hearings , 1886, 308 ; 1887, 336; 1888, 339; 1889, 223; 1890, 138 - on the desirability of combined action for the translation of foreign memoirs , 1887, 41 - on the bibliography of spectroscopy , 1889, 344; 1390, 261 - and Prof. A. W. Rucker, the influence of an electric current on the thinning of a liquid film, 1884, 652 Religion of the Australian aborigines, notes on the, by J. W. Fawcett, 1890, 969 * - E. B. Tylor on the relation of morality to, in the early stages of civilisation, 1873, 148 ^Religious bodies in Ireland, Rev. Dr. Hume on the localities of the various, 1864, 169 *Remak (Prof.) on the influence of the sympathetic nerve on voluntary mus¬ cles, as witnessed in the treatment of progressive muscular atrophy by se¬ condary electric currents, 1861, 1 7 1 Renal calculi, Dr. G. Harley on the mode of formation of, 1873, 130 * - organ of the Aplysia, Prof. G. Rol- leston on the, 1863, 191 Renals (E.) on the influence of science classes in Mechanics’ Institutions, 1866, 131 * - on arbitration in the Nottingham hosiery manufacture, 1867, 145 - on Mechanics’ Institutions and the Elementary Education Bill, 1870, 200 Renard (Prof. A.) on some rock speci¬ mens from the islands of the Fernando Noronha group, 1885, 1031 - on the collection and identification of meteoric dust, 1889, 34 - and J. Murray on the volcanic products of the deep sea of the Central Pacific with reference to the * Chal¬ lenger’ expedition, 1879, 340 Renfrewshire, the rocks of, M. Blair on, 1879, 344 Rent, distraint for, Charles Tebbutt on the violation of the principles of eco¬ nomic science caused by the law of, 1866, 135 - Adam Smith’s theory of, W. D. Henderson on, 1878, 677 - - the abstract theory of, F. Y. Edge- worth on, 1882, 642 - the Ricardo theory of, A. Milnes on, 1882, 642 - the theory of, recent illustrations of, and their effect on the value of land , G. A. Jamieson on, 1887, 536 - and land-tax in India, Hyde Clarke on the distinction between, 1869, 181 Replum, Dr. J. B. Nevins on the nature of the cruciferous fruit with reference to the, 1871, 130 Representation of the people, Prof. Leone Levi on the statistical data in relation to the, 1865, 162 Reptile, a new fossil, recently discovered at New Spynie, near Elgin, preliminary note on, by Dr. R. H. Traquair, 1885, 1024 Reptiles and Birds, H. Woodward on forms intermediate between, 1873, 93 * - relations between extinct and living, and the present state of our knowledge of Pterodactyle, H. G. Seeley on the, 1868, 78 - Charles Martins sur une comparai- son des membres pelviens et thora- ciques chez l’homme, les mammiferes, les oiseaux, et les, deduite de la torsion de l’humerus, 1867, 158 ^Reptilian eggs from Secondary strata, W. Carruthers on, 1869, 86 - remains from the Dolomitic Con¬ glomerate on Durdham Down, Dr. T. Wright on the, 1875, 85 - remains found in the Carboniferous strata of Lanarkshire, James Thomson on certain, 1868, 79 * Repulsion, George E. Robert s on the theory of, as illustrative of physical geology propounded by Dr. Winslow of Boston, 1865, 73 '•^Research, Dr. M‘Cann on the organisa¬ tion of original, 1876, 207 Reseda, the nectar gland of, Prof. A. S. Wilson on, 1883, 537 Resins, J. W. Osborne on the, from the indigenous vegetation of Victoria, 1862, 48 Resistance coils, R. T. Glazebrooh and T. C. Fitzpatrick on the values of some standard, 1886, 147 * - coils with mercury contacts, Prof. J. V. Jones on slide, 1885, 907 - of copper , T. C. Fitzpatrick on the specific, 1890, 120 - - - measurer, C. IF. Siemens on a, 1867, 479 - measurer, Fleeming Jenkin on a- modification of Siemens's, 1867, 481 - the proper proportions of, in the working coils, the electromagnets, and the external circuits of dynamos, Prof. Sir Wm. Thomson on, 1881, 528 - of stone to crushing, as affected by the material on which it is bedded, Prof. W. C. Unwin on the, 1887, 879 Resolvents, Rev. R. Harley on the theory of differential, 1865, 6 ; 1866, 2; 1873, 17 ; *1881, 565 ^Respiration, art fic: T, an improvement in the Marshall -Hall and Sylvester me¬ thods of, Dr. B. Howard od, 1877, m 350 GENERAL INDEX Respiration, on the influence of the methyl and allied compounds on, 1868, 175 _ adaptation of the structure of the bird’s egg to the function of, Dr. G. Ogilvie on the, 1867, 102 _ and digestion, Dr. G. Robinson on the connection between the functions of, 1861, 173 Respirator for use in extinction of fires, W. Ladd on a, 1871, 44 Respiratory and cardiac movements of the chest, Dr. Burdon Sanderson on an apparatus for measuring and record¬ ing the, 1869, 128 - variations of arterial pressure, Dr. Burdon Sanderson on the cause of the, 1872, 154 Resuscitation, Dr. B. W. Richardson’s physiological researches on, 1861, 172 Retardation and acceleration of streams, the thermodynamic, J. W. M. Rankine on, 1870, 18 Retina, colour vision at different points of the, Prof. J. Clerk Maxwell on, 1870, 40 - compensation of impressions moving over the, Sir David Brewster on the, 1861, 29 - _ Sir David Brewster on the optical study of the, 1861, 29 * - and other tissues, Drs. Dewar and McKendrick on the action of light on the, 1873, 126 Retinal activity, a law of, Prof. S. P. Thompson on, 1879, 404 *Reuleaux’s treatment of mechanisms, Prof. A. B. W. Kennedy on, 1876, 226 Revenue, Charles Thompson on some ex¬ ceptional articles of commerce, and un¬ desirable sources of, 1861, 247 - system of the United States, Dr. A. Shaw on the, 1888, 763 Reversion, Miss N. F. Layard on, 1890, 973 Revival in trade , the recent , S. Bourne on, 1880, 436 Revolution indicator, B. Tower on a, 1875, 254 Revolver photographique, l’application du, a l’6tude des eclipses partielles et & celle des mouvements des animaux, Dr. J. Janssen sur, 1875, 26; *1876, 40 ; 1879, 283 Revolving sails, or air-propellers, H. C. Yogt on, 1888, 820 - engine, a high-speed steam or hydraulic revolving, A. Rigg on, 1887, 871 RkvY (J. J.) and J. F. Bateman on a proposed cast-iron tube for carrying a railway across the Channel between the coasts of England and France, 1869, 206 Reynolds (Dr. J. Emerson) on the action of aldehyde on the two primary ureas, 1871, 76 * - on the analysis of a singular de¬ posit from well-water, 1871, 78 - on constructing o/nd printing cata¬ logues of spectral rays arranged upon a scale of wave-numbers , 1872, 53; 1873, 249 ; 1874, 241 * - notes on the preparation of the sulphur-urea, 1874, 66; *on the action of the sulphur-urea in metallic solu¬ tions, ib. * - on glucinum, its atomic weight and specific heat, 1876, 68 - on the oscillation-freguencies of solar rays, 1878, 37 * — — a short account of Baeyer’s syn¬ thesis of indigo, 1878, 517 — — on the present state of our knowledge of spectrum analysis, 1880, 258; 1SS1, 317 ; 1882, 120 ; 1884, 295 - on some new silicon compounds, 1888, 640 ; on some new thiocarbamide compounds, ib. - and G. J. Stoney on the absorption spectrum of chlorochromic anhydride, 1878, 434, *511 - (Prof. Osborne) on an oblique pro¬ peller, 1870, 222 * - on artificial coronas, 1871, 34 - *on certain phenomena of impact, 1873, 32 ; *on the resistance of the screw propeller as affected by immer¬ sion, 216; *on the friction of shot as affected by different kinds of rifling, ib. - on the steering of screw-steamers, 1875, 141 ; 1876, 70 - on the effect of propellers on the steering of vessels, 1876, 66 ; 1877, 200 ; 1878, 419 ; 1880, 699 ; *1881, 779 - *on the resistance encountered by vortex rings, and the relation between the vortex ring and stream-lines of a disk, 1876, 31 ; on the investigation of the steering qualities of ships, 229 ; 1878, 697 ; 18S0, 699 - *on the rate of progression of groups of waves, and the rate at which energy is transmitted by wind, 1877, 42 ; *on certain dynamometers, 217 ; *on com¬ pound turbines, ib. ; *on the differ¬ ence of the steering of steamers with the screw reversed when under full way and when moving slowly, 21S - — on the phenomena of the stationary tides in the English Channel and the North Sea, and the value of tidal observations in the North Atlantic Ocean , 1878, 217; 1879, 71; 1880, 390 ; 1881, 160 - — on the effect of oil in destroying waves on the surface of water, 1880, 489 GENERAL INDEX. 351 Reynolds (Prof. Osborne) on the best means of ascertaining the effective mind jjressures to which buildings and struc¬ tures are exposed, *1881, 779 ; 1882, 3r5 - on surface-tension and capillary action, 1881, 524 - *on the equations of motion and the boundary conditions of viscous fluids, 1883, 401 ; on the use of the term stability in the literature of naval architecture, 631 - - *on the action of lubricants, 1884, 622; *on kinetic elasticity as illustrat¬ ing the mechanical theory of heat, ib. ; *on the friction of journals, 895 - on the dilatancy of media composed of rigid particles in contact, 1885, 896 - on certain laws relating to the regime of rivers and estuaries, and on the possibility of experiments on a small scale, 1887, 555 - Address to the Mechanical Section, 1887, 855 - on the investigation of the action of waves and currents on the beds and foreshores of estuaries by means of working models , 1889, 327 ; 1890, 5 12 - (Chev. R. E.), the caverns of Luray, 1888, 662 ; notes on the shell-mounds and ossuaries of the Choptank river, Maryland, U.S.A., 845 - - (T.) on tobacco in relation to physiology, 1862, 134 Rhabdomancy and belomancy, Miss A. W. Buckland on, 1875, 170 Rliabdophora , some points in the mor¬ phology of the, J. Hopkinson on, 1881, 649 Rhsetic (or Penarth) beds of the neigh¬ bourhood of Bristol and the S.W. of England, Henry W. Bristow on the, 1864, 50 - beds at Aust Cliff, near Bristol, W. Sanders on certain large bones in, 1875, 80 - beds near Gainsborough, F. M. Bur¬ ton on the occurrence of the, 1866, 51 - beds at Gainsborough, a northerly extension of the, F. M. Burton on, 1879, 337 - beds near Leicester, W. J. Harrison on the occurrence of, 1875, 66 - or Penarth beds, Rev. P. B. Brodie on the further extension of, in War¬ wickshire, Leicestershire, Nottingham¬ shire, Yorkshire, and Cumberland ; and on the occurrence of some sup¬ posed remains of a new Labyrin- thodon and a new Radiate therein, 1875, 64 - bone-bed at Knowle, Rev. P. B. Brodie on the, 1864, 52 - bone-bed, J. E. Lee on veins or fissures in the Keuper filled with, at Goldcliffe in Monmouthshire, 1872, 116 Rhmtic formation in Warwickshire, the range, extent, and fossils of the, Rev. P. B. Brodie on, 1886, 629 - - strata of Nottinghamshire, E. Wilson on the, 1881, 637 Rheostat, Wheatstone’s, Sir W. Thomson’s improved, J. T. Bottomley on, 1886, 547 *Rhine, the alluvial deposits of the, R. A. C. Godwin-Austen on, 1862, 195 - the Valley of the, prehistoric times in, Prof. Schaaffhausen on, 1880, 624 Rhinoceros group, the origin and de¬ velopment of the, W. B. Scott and H. F. Osborne on, 1883, 528 - a new, with remarks on the recent species of this genus and their distri¬ bution, Dr. Sclater on, 1872, 140 * Rhinoceros tichorhinus, S. P. Saville on a skull of the, 1862, 94 * Rhino don typicus, a rare shark lately added to the Free Museum, Liverpool, T. J. Moore on, 1870, 121 *Rhizopod, new British, and some other marine animals, W. A. Sanford on a, 1864, 100 • - radiolarian, W. Carruthers on Traquairia, a, from the Coal-Measures. 1872, 126 Rliizopodal fauna of the Hebrides, LI. B. Brady on the, 1866, 69 ^Rhodes (Dr.), exhibition of maps illus¬ trating the statistics of pauperism, 1890, 922 Rhos Sili Bay, Gower, a raised beach in, Prof. Prestwich on, 1880, 581 Rhysimeter, A. E. Fletcher on the, an instrument for measuring the speed of floating water or of ships, 1871, 234 Rib in man, the occasional eighth true, and its possible relationship to right- handedness, Prof. D. J. Cunningham on, 1889, 777 Ribes spicatum. Prof. M. A. Lawson on, 1870, 120 Ricardo theory of rent, the, A. Milnes on, 1882, 642 Riccati’s equation, the solution of a dif¬ ferential equation allied to, J. W. L, Glaisher on, 1878, 469 *Riciiard (L’Abbe) on hydro-geology, 1871, 109 ; on the discovery of flint implements in Egypt, at Mount Sinai, at Galgala, and in Joshua’s tomb, 160 Richards (G.) on rifled ordnance, 1863, 182 - (Capt. G. H.), Address to the Sec¬ tion of Geography and Ethnology, 1868, 121 - on tidal observations, 1868, 489; 1870, 120; [Adm. G. H.], 1871, 203; 1872, 355 ; 1876, 275 352 GENERAL INDEX. Richards [Adm. Sir G. H.] on the desira¬ bility of further research in the An¬ tarctic regions, 1888, 316 Richards’s indicator for steam-engines, C. T. Porter on, 1863, 178 Richardson (Dr. A.) on the action of light on the hydracids of the halogens in the presence of oxygen, 1887, 638 _ on the action of light on the hydracids of halogens in presence of oxygen , 1888, 89; 1889, 595 1890, 263 _ on the action of light on water¬ colours, 1888, 641 _ a new form of self-registering actinometer, 1889, 54° _ (Dr. B. W.) on the artificial produc¬ tion of cataract, 1861, 17 1 ; researches on resuscitation, 172 _ _ *on the physiological properties of the nitrite of amyl, 1863, 19 1 ; ^miners’ safety-mask for supporting life in fire damp and other noxious vapour, 1863, 192 _ report on the physiological action of nitrite of amyl and other amyl and ethyl compounds , 1864, 120 ; 1866, 272 ; 1866, 172 - on the inhalation of oxygen gas, 1864, 125 _ on the physiological effects of to¬ bacco, 1864, 126 _ on certain physiological experiments with ozone, 1865, no _ *on the comparative vitality of the Jewish and Christian races, 1866, 92 ; *on physiological demonstrations of local insensibility, ih. _ on the physiological action of the methyl compounds, 1867, 47 ; 1868, 170 ; 1869, 405 ; 1870, 155; 1871, 145 _ *on coagulation of the blood — a correction of the ammonia theory, 1867, 103; *on some effects produced by applying extreme cold to certain parts of the nervous system, ih. _ on the transmission of light through animal bodies, 1868, 118; on effects of cold on organic functions, 119 _ on the physiological action of hy¬ drate of chloral, 1869, 222 * _ new physiological researches on the effects of carbonic acid, 1870, 141 _ (C.) on the details of the Carboni¬ ferous Limestone, as laid open by the railway cutting and tunnel near Al- mondsbury, north of Bristol, 1861, 130 _ *on the Severn tunnel, 1875, 250 ; *on the tidal scour in the Severn, ih . _ (Sir J.) on Zoological Provinces, 1862, 118 _ (J.), the compound steam engine, 1886, 807 - (R.) on points of dissimilarity and resemblance between Acadian and Scottish Glacial beds, 1884, 722 Richardson (R.) on the distribution of wealth in Scotland, 1887, 840 - (Thomas), report on the chemical manufactures of the northern districts , 1863, 701 ; report on the local manufac¬ ture of lead, copper, zinc, antimony, &c., 715 - on the manufacture of the prussiate of potash, 1863, 51 ; on the separation of lead and antimony, 52 ; on the use of fuel in marine boilers, 53 ; analysis of a deposit from a colliery water con¬ taining sulphate of baryta, 54 - (William) on holler explosions , 1869, 47 * - (W. B.) on the Yolcan de Ague, near Guatemala, 1871, 189 - (W. H.) on the paper-manufactures of Northumberland and Durham, 1863, 183 Richarz (Dr. F.) on the polarisation of small electrodes in dilute sulphuric acid, 1888, 350 Richson (Rev. Canon) on the income- tax, 1861, 240 Richter (Dr. Otto) on the chemical and physical principles in connection with the specific gravity of liquid and solid substances, 1863, 54 - general outline of an original system of chemical philosophy comprising the determination of the volume-equiva¬ lents, as also a new theory of the specific volume of liquid and solid substances, 1868, 42 - on the chemical constitution of glycolic alcohol and its heterologues, as viewed in the new light of the typo- nucleus theory, 1871, 78 Richthofen (Baron von) on the Loess of Northern China, and its relation to the salt-basins of Central Asia, 1873, 86; *on the distribution of coal in China, 173 ^Richthofen, Prejevalski, and Lake Lob, E. D. Morgan on, 1878, 629 Rickards (G. H. L.), the Factories and Workshops Acts, past and present, 1890, 927 Ricketts (Dr. C.) on sections of strata between Huyton and St. Helens, 1870, 85 ; *on a wooden implement found in Bidston Moss, near Birkenhead, 157 - on the cause of the Glacial period, with reference to the British Isles, 1875, 79 - on some remarkable pebbles in the Boulder-clay of Cheshire and Lanca¬ shire, 1879, 339 - on subsidence as the effect of accumulation, 1882, 540 GENERAL INDEX. 353 Ricketts (Dr. C.) on a probable cause of contortions of strata, 1 888, 684 Riddell (Dr. R.) on balatta and other gums as a substitute for gutta percha, 1864, 87 Ridewood (W. G ) on the occupation of the table at the laboratory of the Marine Biological Association at Ply¬ mouth, , 1890, 446 ; on the air-bladder of clupeoid fishes, ib. Ridley (H. N.) and C. Reid, fossil Arctic plants from the lacustrine de¬ posit at Hoxne, in Suffolk, 1888, 674 Ritie barrels, recent improvements in the manufacture of, A. Greenwood on, 1866, 821 Rifled fire-arms, T. Aston on elongated projectiles for, 1861, 253 - ordnance, G. Richardson, 1863, 182 Rifles, the Martini- Henry and Westley- Richards, W. P. Marshall on, 1870, 221 ^Rifling, Woolwich system of, estimation of the error in the flight of heavy pro¬ jectiles due to the, by W. Hope, 1872, 246 Rigby (Samuel) on steam-boiler explo¬ sions, 1869, 47 ; 1870, 1 ; 1871, 166 ; 1872, 57 *Rigg (A.) on the flow of water through turbines and screw-propellers, 1884, 895 - on a new high-speed steam or hy¬ draulic engine, 1886, 808; 1887, 871 - (E ) on the determination of a gauge for the manufacture of various small screws , 1882, 31 1 ; 1883, 318 ; 1884, 287 - on the British Association standard gauge for small screws, 1885, 1203 Right of property in trees on another’s land, as an origin of rights of property, Hyde Clarke on the, 1889, 783 * Right-handedness, J. Shaw on, 1876, 169 Rigid body, theory of the geometrical freedom of a, Prof. Ball on a model of a conoidal cubic surface called the 1 cylindroid,’ wThich is presented in the, 1871, 8 Rigidity of the earth, a numerical esti¬ mate of the, by G. H. Darwin, 1882, 472 - of glass, brass, and steel, J. D. Everett on the, 1867, 153 — — resume of experiments on, by Prof. J. D. Everett, 1868, 8 Rigor mortis not muscular contraction, Dr. R. Norris on, 1865, 109 Riley (Dr. C. V.), the problem of the hop- plant louse {Phorodon humuli, Schrank) in Europe and America, 1887, 750 ; on the luminous larviform females in the Phengodini, 760 ; on Icerya pur- chasi, an insect injurious to fruit trees, 767 - - note on the importation and coloni¬ sation of parasites and other natural enemies of insects injurious to vegeta¬ tion, 1889, 640 Riley (E.) on titanium in iron, 1863, 55 - on the best method of establishing an international standard for the analysis of iron and steel, 1889, 50; 1890, 262 Rilliet (A.) and Prof. J. M. Crafts on the decomposition by heat of chlorate of potassium, 1882, 493 Rtnk (Dr. H.) on the interior of Green¬ land : the principal points of geogra¬ phical interest connected with it, and the recent expeditions for its explora¬ tion, 1879, 452 *Rio de la Plata, Consul T. J. Hutchinson on the rivers and territories of the, 1868, 137 *Rio solimoes or Upper Amazon in Brazil, notes on the large southern tributaries of the, with special reference to the Rio Jutahi, by Prof. J. W. H. Trail, 1885, 1138 Ripening of the seeds, Dr. J. B. Nevins on the changes which occur in plants during the, 1871, 130 Ripper (W.), technical instruction in elementary schools, 1886, 749 Risley (H. H.), the study of ethnology in India, 1889, 785 - on the natives of India , 1890, 547 ‘ River basin,’ D. Mackintosh on the geo¬ logical meaning of the term, and the desirability of substituting ‘ drainage- area,’ 1875, 75 - bifurcate, in Perthshire, Capt. T. P. White on a, 1869, 172 - control, J. C. Hawkshaw on, 1878, 687 - floods, the effect of river or arterial drainage works upon, J. Dillon on, 1878, 687 - entrances, Dr. H. R. Mill on, 1886, 731 - of Joseph, the Fayum and Raian basins, Cope Whitehouse on the, 1888, 746 - names and populations of Hibernia, and their relation to the Old World and America, Hyde Clarke on the, 1874, 146 - systems of South India, Gen. F. H. Rundall on the, 1886, 734 - volumes and flood levels, records of, C. E. De Ranee on, 1889, 748 * - worms, new British, Prof. E. Ray Lankester on, 1883, 541 Rivers, the control of, W. Shelford on, . 1878, 690 • - deepening and improvement of, W. H. Wheeler on the application of the. transporting power of water to the^ 1889, 754 A A 354 GENERAL INDEX. ♦Rivers, diverting, and stoppage of the breaches in embankments, C. Vignoles on the practice and principles of, 1862, 196 - and estuaries , certain laws relating to the regime of \ Prof. 0. Reynolds on, and on the possibility of experiments on a small scale, 1887, 555 - and estuaries , report on the action of waves and currents on the beds and foreshores of 1889, 327; 1890, 512 - intermittent, R. Brown on the for¬ mation of, 1868, 134 * - pollution of, General Sir J. E. Alexander on the, 1866, 89 ; 1872, 220 ♦ - pollution of, Rev. R. Thomson on the prevention of the, 1876, 210 - a supposed connection between the heights of, and the number of spots on the sun, Prof. Balfour Stewart on, 1882, 462 - windings of, in alluvial planes, experimental illustration of the origin of, by Prof. J. Thomson, 1876, 31 Riveting, W. Smith on portable ma¬ chinery for, invented by J. M‘Farlane Gray, 1863, 184 ♦Rivett-Carnac (H.) on Indian archaic remains and their resemblance to European types, 1877, 120 Road engine, the employment of the, in construction and maintenance of roads, Col. Innes on, 1885, 1194 - steamer, W. Thomson on a, 1871, 241 ♦Roads, W. J. Cooper on an improvement in watering, 1868, 189 ♦Robb (Dr. D. C.) on the oxidation of colophony, 1877, 53 Roberts (Dr.) on the best means of pro¬ viding for a uniformity of weights and measures , with reference to the interests of science, 1874, 359 - (C.) on the work of the Anthro¬ pometric Committee, 1879, 175 ; 1880, 120; 1881,225; 1882,278; 1883,253; 1884, 279 - a classification of the physical con¬ ditions of life, 1879, 381 - on obtaining photographs of the typical races in the British Isles, 1882, 270 - - observations on eyesight, 1884, 279 ; a scale of physical proportions for life insurance and recruiting, 282 - on the effects of different occupations and employments on the physical de¬ velopment of the humanbody, 1888, 100 ; 1889, 186 - and G. W. Bloxam on the physical characters and proportions of the Zulus, 1881, 702 - (E.). supplementary report on tidal observations, 1868, 505 Roberts (E.) on the extension , improve¬ ment, and harmonic analysis of tidal observations , 1871, 201 ; 1872, 355 - on the datum-level of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain, and the tabu¬ lation and comparison of other datum- marks, 1877, 220; 1878,219; 1879,219 - (G. E.) on some remains of Both- riolepis, 1863, 87 ; on the discovery of elephant and other mammalian re¬ mains in Oxfordshire, ib. ; on the opening of a cist of the Stone Age near the coast of the Moray Firth, 146 ♦ - on the theory of repulsion as illus¬ trative of physical geology propounded by Dr. Winslow of Boston, 1865, 73 - (Henry) on the increased circu¬ lation of a pure and instructive litera¬ ture adapted to the capacities and the means of the labouring population, 1862, 172 - (I.) on the filtration of sea-water through Triassic sandstone, 1878, 39 7, *532," *697 - on the circulation of underground waters, 1879, 155 ; 1880, 87 ; 1881, 309; 1882,213; 1883, 147; 1884, 96; 1885, 380; 1886, 235; 1887, 358; 1888, 145 ; 1889, 71 ; 1890, 352 - the pressure of wheat stored in elongated cells or bins, 1882, 678 - on the attractive influence of the sun and moon causing tides, and the variations in atmospheric pressure and rainfall causing oscillations in the underground water in porous strata, 1883, 405 - on star photography, 1886, 555 - - on arranging an investigation of the seasonal variations of temperature in lakes, rivers, and estuaries , 1888, 326 ; 1889, 44 ; 1890, 92 ; on the advisability and possibility of establishing in other parts of the country observations upon the prevalence of earth tremors similar to those now being made in Durham, 1888, 522 - (R.), report of the Committee on steamship performance, 1861, 190 ; 1862. 282 ; 1863,339 - (William) on the solvent power of strong and weak solutions of the alka¬ line carbonates on uric acid calculi, 1861, 90 - - (W. Chandler) on a specimen of obsidian from Java, 1869, 74 - on the absorption of hydrogen by electro-deposited iron, 1870, 62 - on the molecular arrangement of the alloy of silver and copper employed for the British silver coinage, 1871, 80 - on the chemical constitution and optical properties of essential oils, 1872, 311 ; 1873, 214 ; 1874, 17 GENERAL INDEX. O ** 00 *Roberts (W. Chandler) on a curve illustrating the British gold coinage, 1872, 82 - on the method of making gold assays , and of stating the results thereof ', 1873, 219; 1874, 127; 1875, 155 * - on horn silver, 1873, 66 - on the columnar form of basalt, 1874, 91 — — on some double compounds of nichel and cohalt, 1877, 209; on the conditions under which liquid carbonic acid exists in rocks and minerals , 232 - - on the chemistry of some of the lesser- known alkaloids , especially veratria and bebeerine, ISIS, 105; 1879,133 - on the detection by means of the microphone of sounds which accompany the diffusion of gases through a thin septum, 1878, 517 - some experiments with the voltaic induction balance, 1879, 303 - on the present state of our knowledge of spectrum analysis , 1880, 258; 1881, 317; 1882, 130; 1884, 295 - on a case of rapid diffusion of molten metals, 1883, 402; on the mobility of gold and silver in molten lead, 464 - *on the diffusion of metals, 1884, 653, 675 [Robe rts- Austen, Prof. W. C.] on electro¬ lysis in its physical and chemical bear¬ ings, 1886, 308 ; 1887, 336 ; 1888, 339 ; 1889, 223; 1890, 138 - on the influence of silicon on the properties of steel, 1887. 43 ; 1888, 69 ; 1889, 267 ; 1890, 262 - - experiments on the possible electro¬ lytic decomposition of certain alloys, 1887, 341 ; on the endurance of metals under repeated and varying stresses, and the proper working stresses on rail¬ way bridges, fyc., 424 - on the best method of establishing international standards for the analysis of iron and steel, 1889, 50; 1890, 262 ; on the bibliography of spectroscopy, 1889, 344 ; 1890, 261 - and T. Wrightson on the density of fluid bismuth, 1880, 543 * - and T. Wrightson on the fluid density of certain metals, 1881, 582 Roberts (W. R.) on the periods of the first class of hyperelliptic integrals, 1880,485 Roberts’s patent communicator for rail¬ way trains, W. R. Browne on, 1875, 243 ^Robertson (A.), statistics of the social condition of Dundee, 1867, 145 - (Charles) on the cervical and occipital vertebras of osseous fishes, 1861, 172 - (David), list of Foraminifera from the south coast of Devon and Cornwall , 1869, 91 Robertson (David) on dredging off the coasts of Durham and North Yorkshire, 1874, 268; 1875, 185 - (James) on the manufacture of metal tubes, 1886, 810 * - (John) on the perforating instru¬ ments of Pholas Candida, 1872, 140 Robins (Thomas), observations on crimi¬ nals, 1863, 166 Robinson (Dr. George) on the connection between the functions of respiration and digestion, 1861, 173 - on the study of the circulation of the blood, 1862, 134 - on the practicability of arresting the development of epidemic disease by the internal use of antizymotic agents, 1863, 1 19; on the nature and varieties of organic effluvia, 120 - on certain effects of the concentrated solar rays upon the tissues of living animals immersed in water, 1867, 103 * - (H.) on a redetermination of the atomic weight of cerium, 1884, 681 - on the colour of the oxides of cerium and on its atomic weight, 1886, 591 - (Sir Hercules) letter from, relating to the journey of Major Sarel, Capt. Blakiston, Dr. Barton, and another, who are endeavouring to pass from China to the North of India, 1861, 196 - (John) on the application of work¬ shop tools to the construction of steam- engines and other machinery, 1861, 264 * - on an improved manufacture of biscuits, 1863, 183 - on some developments of and im¬ provements in Giffard’s injector, 1865, 186 - on a uniformity of weights and measures, 1868, 484 ; 1869, 308 ; 1870, 232 ; 1871, 198 - - Address to the Mechanical Section. 1879, 495 - (Rev. Dr. T. R.), report of the Com¬ mittee onfog- signals, 1863, 105 - report on the uniformity of weights and measures, 1864, 102 ; 1865, 375 ; 1866, 352 - report on the transmission of sound under water, 1865, 192; 1866, 212; on meteorological and physical observations in three balloon ascents made in 1865 and 1866, 1866, 367 - on tidal observations, 1868, 489 ; 1870. 120 - on the appearance of the nebula in Argo as seen in the great Melbourne telescope, 1869, 20 - (W. B.) on the effect of alcohol in drinks on length of human life, 1883, 620 Rochdale, the Rev. W. N. Molesworth on A A 2 355 GENERAL INDEX. the progress of co-operation at, 1861, 225 *Rochfof.t (J.), the middle island of New Zealand, 1862, 196 * Rock-crystal, A. Claudet on photogra¬ phic portraits obtained by single lenses of, 1867, 10 * _ drill, the Burleigh, J. Plant on, 1873, 216 _ _ salt in the New Red Sandstone at Middlesborough, John Marley on the, 1863, 82 _ snake, the Indian, Sir W. Elliot on the habits of, 1870, 1 1 5 _ specimens from the islands of the Fernando Noronha group, Prof. A. Renard on some, 1885, 1031 Rocking-stones, artificial, an experiment by W. R. Grove, 1 868, 65 Hocks of Anglesey , report on the micro¬ scopical examination of the older , 1887, 230; 1888, 367 - — - between the thick coal and the Trias north of Birmingham and the old South Staffordshire coalfield, F. G. Meachem and H. Insley on the, 1886, 626 - Cambrian , influence of the felspa- tide solution on the structure of some, Alphonse Gages on the, 1863, 207 - - of Charnwood Forest, Prof. D. T. Ansted on the metamorphic origin of the porphyritic, 1 863, 64 . — - the conducting power for heat of certain, Prof. Herschel and G. A. Lebour on some experiments on, 1873, 40, 223 - conducting power for heat , report on, sue ‘ Conduction * - — — contortion of, L. C. Miall on the, 1871, 106 - and fossils, H. G. Seeley on the signi¬ ficance of the sequence of, 1864, 69 - igneous, H. C. Sorby on the com¬ parative structure of artificial and natural, 1862, 96 - of St. Kilda, notes on the, by A. Ross, 1885, 1040 - - Silurian, of the county of Tyrone, Prof. Harkness on the hornblendic greenstones, and their relations to the Metamorphic and, 1863, 70 * - Triassic of Devonshire, W. Pengelly on the chronological value of the, 1863, 85 Rocky Mountains, Dr. G. M. Dawson on the, with special reference to that part of the range between the 49th parallel and the headwaters of the Red Deer River, 1886, 638 - Prof. Nicholson on a silicified forest in the, with an account of a supposed fossil chip, 1872, 192 *Rodents, the classification of, Prof. G. Itolleston on, 1 880, 604 Rodents, the early development of cer¬ tain, Dr. A. Fraser on, 1882, 574 Rodriguez, Edward Newton on a remark¬ able discovery of bones of Dldus in the island of, 1865, 92 Rogers (Prof. H. D.) on the ‘ liquid¬ steering compass ’ and ‘ monitor com¬ pass,’ 1864, 14 - (Dr. James) on the action of mercury onthe secretion of bile, 1868, 187 - - - (Prof. J. E. T.), Can patents be de¬ fended on economical grounds? 1861, 240 ; on the definition and incidence of taxation, ib. ; *on prices in Eng¬ land, 1582-1620, and the effect of the American discoveries upon them during that period, 269 * - on patents and copyrights, 1865, T55 - - - Address to the Section of Economic Science and Statistics, 1866, 1 1 7 * - on the funds available for develop¬ ing the machinery of education, 1867, 145 - on the economic effects of combina¬ tions of labourers and capitalists , 1874, 266 ; 1875, 146 - (Prof. W. B.) on apparatus and pro¬ cesses for the chemical and photome- trical testing of illuminating gas, 1864, 39 ; on an invention by Mr. Cornelius for lighting gas by electricity, 40 ; on a peculiar fossil form in the Mesozoic sandstone of the Connecticut valley, dis¬ covered by, 66 - (Major) on surveys round Kandahar, 1879, 448 *Rokeby (Capt.) on the survey for a telegraph-line between Eerber and Sou- akira, 1873, 173 Rolleston (Prof. G.) *on the anatomy of Pteropus, 1861, 173 ; on some points in the anatomy of Insectivora, ib. ; on the homologies of the lobes of the liver in Mammalia, 174 - - on certain modifications in the struc¬ tures of diving animals, 1862, 1 1 8 ; on the difference of behaviour exhibited by inuline and ordinary starch when treated with salivary diastase and other converting agents, 135 - Address to the Sub-section of Physio¬ logy, 1863, 109 ; on the condition of the uterus afrer delivery in certain of theMammalia, 122 * - - on the renal organ of the Aplysia , 1863, 191 - *on certain points in the anatomy of Lumbricus terrestris, 1865, no; *on certain points in the anatomy of two animals from the Mammoth Cave, Ken¬ tucky, ib. - *on the pectorales muscles, 1868, 1 20 ; *on the physiology of pain, ib. ; *on sixteen Eskimo crania, ib. GENERAL INDJ X. 357 Rolleston (Prof. G.), Address to the Biological Section, 1870, 91 - on ’physiological experimentation , 1871, 144 ; on the foundation of Zoological Stations in different parts of the world, 1871, 192; 1872,47; 1873, 408 - on some skulls obtained in Canon Greenwell’s excavations, 1872, 193; on the Weddo of Ceylon, 194 - Address to the Department of Anthropology, 1875, 142 ; *on the animal remains found in Cissbury Camp, 178; *on the applicability of historical evidence to ethnographical inquiries, ib. - on the work of the Anthropometric Committee, 1876, 266; 1877, 231; 1878,152; 1879,175; 1880, 120; 1881, 225 - new points in the zoology of New Guinea, 1877, 102; *on the rationale of artificial deformations of the head, 120; *onthe rationale of brachycephaly and dolichocephaly, ib. ; on the flora and fauna of prehistoric times, ib. ; *exhibition and explanation of the uses of a flint hammer from the western coast of New Guinea, 12 1 - on the examination of two caves near Tenby, 1878, 209 - on the occupation of a table at the Zoological Station at Naples, 1879, 165 ; 1880, 161 ; 1881, 178 - *on a double malar bone, 1880, 604 ; *on the classification of rodents, ib. ; on the structure of round barrows, 623 ; *on the structure of long barrows, ib. ; *on Bushmen crania, 631 - on the Scottish Zoological Station, 1881, 1 77 Rolling of a ship in a seaway, W. Froude on an apparatus for automatically re¬ cording the, 1872, 243 Roman bronze galeated bust, exhibition of a, by Prof. T. McK. Hughes, 1881, 701 - camp, a supposed, at Octon, T. R. Mortimer on, 1890, 980 Romanes (G. J.), physiology of the nervous system of Medusas, 1876, 158 * - on the nervous system of the Medusse, 1878, 601 - ^specific characters as useful and in¬ different, 1889, 628 ; the origin of human faculty, 791 Rome, Padre Secchi on some meteoro¬ logical results obtained at the Obser¬ vatory at, 1868, 30 Romer (Prof. F.) on the large Prussian geological map of the Rhenish Pro¬ vinces and Westphalia, I860, 51 - - on a fossil spider lately discovered in the Coal-Measures of Upper Silesia, 1865, 73 *Romer (Prof. F.) on the Mountain Limestone of the west coast of Suma¬ tra, 1876, 95 Bomford, treatment of sewage at, 1870, 61 R6nay (Dr. H.) on the Voguls, 1865, 1 15 *Roofs, T. Gillott on designing pointed, 1871, 239 - and bridges, J. Clerk Maxwell on the theory of diagrams of forces as applied to, 1867, 156 Root-section, the effects of, on the vitality of pasture plants, Prof. W. Fream on, 1889, 648 Roots, James Buckman on the ennobling of, with particular reference to the parsnip, 1862, 97 - James Buckman’s experiments with seed of malformed, 1862, 97 - of plants, reply by Dr. Daubeny to remarks of M. F. Marcet on the power of selection ascribed to the, 1862, 98 - - of a given number N, M. Collins chi new improvements in approximating more rapidly than usual to square, cube, and other, 1872, 13 - of unity, J. W. L. Glaisher on theorems on the wth, 1875, 13 *Roper (Henry C.) on the physical and geographical features of the country ten miles round Dudley, 1865, 155 Eoraima, Mount, in Guiana, E. F. im Thurn on, 1884, 806; *1885, 1128 - in Guiana, report of the Committee for furthering the scientific examination of the country in the vicinity of Mount, 1885, 690 - the Redmen about, E. F. im Thurn on, 1885, 1215 Rosaniline, J. A. Wanklyn on the rational formula of, 1864, 42 Roscoe (Prof. H. E.), report on the recent progress and present condition of manufacturing chemistry in the South Lancashire district, 1861, 108 — — on perchloric acid and its hydrates, 1861, 91 - on hypobromous acid, 1862, 54 - contributions towards the founda¬ tion of quantitative photography, 1864, 40 ; on a chemical photometer for meteorological observation, 41 ; on the existence of lithium, strontium, and copper in the Bath waters, ib. - Address to the Chemical Section, 1870, 44 ; 1884, 659 *— — - on vanadium, illustrated by pre¬ parations of its compounds, 1870, 63 - on the publication of abstracts of chemical papers , 1871, 59; 1873, 451 ; 1875, 184 - on science -lectures and organisation, 1873, 495, 507 * - on a self-registering apparatus for measuring the chemical action of light. 358 GENERAL INDEX. 1874, 66; *on certain abnormal chlorides, 67 Roscoe (Prof. H. E.) on the specific volumes of liquids, 1875, 62 * - on some fluor compounds of vana¬ dium, 1878, 507 . - on the reducing action of zinc and magnesium on vanadium solutions, 1881, 596 . - on meteoric dust , 1881, 88 ; 1882, 92 ; 1883, 126; 1884, 38; 1885, 34 — — on the preparation of a new series of tables of wave lengths of the spectra of the elements , 1882, 144; 1884, 351; 1885, 288 ; 1886, 167 ; 1890, 224 ; on the workings of the proposed revised New Code, and of other legislation affecting the teaching of science in elementary schools, 1882, 307; 1883, 309 - - - on chemical nomenclature, 1883, 127 ; 1884, 39 - — - [Sir H. E.] on the best methods of re¬ cording the direct intensity of solar radiation, 1884,28; 1885, 156; 1886, 63; 1887,32; 1889,40; 1890, 144 r - - on the teaching of science in ele¬ mentary schools, 1884, 283 ; 1885, 692 ; 1886,278; 1887, 163; 1888, 164; 1889, 1 31 ; 1890, 489 * - on the diamondiferous deposits of South Africa and the ash of the dia¬ mond, 1884, 681 « - on the spontaneous polymerisation of volatile hydro-carbons at the ordi¬ nary atmospheric temperature, 1885, 967 * - Presidential Address at Manchester, 1887, 3 ~ - - on the present methods of teaching chemistry, 1889, 228 ; 1890, 265 * - on recent legislation as facilitating the teaching of science, 1890, 772 - - and Prof. Balfour Stewart on the heat of the sunshine at the Kew Observatory, as registered by Camp¬ bell’s method, 1883, 414 Rose (C. B.) on some mammalian re¬ mains from the bed of the German Ocean, 1862, 91 — — on the Crag at Aldeby, 1868, 77 * - on the thickness of the Chalk in Norfolk, 1868, 77 ; *on the conchoidal fracture of flint as seen on flint-faced buildings in Norwich, Yarmouth, &c., ib. « - (C. W.) on a monstrosity in a whiting, 1863, 106 * - (Thomas) on presentations of colour produced under novel conditions, with their assumed relation to the received theory of light and colour, 1861, 32 - - (Thomas) on the utilisation of fibrous cotton seed, 1870, 200 Rose, Dr. W. Hinds on a monstrosity of the, 1865, 82 Rose, Dr. M. T .‘Masters on polliniferous ovules in a, 1867, 93 Roses of the neighbourhood of Ply¬ mouth, T. R. Archer-Briggs on the, 1877, 103 Rosebridge deep mine, the, and the winding machinery employed, G. H. Daglish on, 1883, 657 Ross (A.), notes on the rocks of St. Kilda, 1885, 1040 * _ (Ma jor E. C.) on a journey through Mekran, 1871, 189 _ (Dr. J.) on the graft theory of disease, 1872, 152 * - on microzymes as partial bionta, 1873, 1 31 _ (Rev. W.) on the educational value of their native language to the Gaelic¬ speaking population of Scotland, 1876, 208 _ (Lieut.-Col. W. A.) on a new system of blowpipe analysis, 1881, 598 Rosse (Lord) on mapping the surface of the moon, 1865, 286 ; 1866,214; 1867, I ; 1868, 1 _ (Lord) on mapping the surface of the moon, 1869, 76 _ on the rainfall of the British Isles , 1875, 91 ; 1876, 172 * . . on an equatorial mounting for a three-foot reflector, 1878, 477 - on an electric control for an equa¬ torial clock-movement, 1884, 636 ; on polishing the specula of reflecting telescopes, 637 Rotating liquid spheroid, A. E. H. Love on the oscillations of a, and the genesis of the moon, 1888, 562 ^Rotation of a dynamo, controlling the direction of, A. Winter on, 1888, 824 - of the earth, Prof. B. Price on the influence of the, on the apparent path of a heavy particle, 1861, 6 - of the earth, the influence of axial, on the interior of its crust, J. Gunn on, 1886, 660 f - of a homogeneous liquid ellipsoid, A. G. Greenhill on the, 1882, 450 - - Prof. Sylvester on the involution of axes of, 1861, 12 *— — of a solid, Prof. P. G. Tait on the application of quaternions to the, 1868, II Rotational coefficient of transverse E.M.F. in a magnetic field in various metals, E. H. Hall on the, 1881, 552 ^Rotations autour d’un point, C. Stepha¬ nos sur la representation des, par des points de l’espace, 1881, 547 Rotatory power of cane and invert sugar, A. H. Allen on the specific, 1880, 541 Rotch (A. L.) on a Meteorological Ob¬ servatory recently established on Mont Blanc, 1890, 747 GENERAL INDEX. 359 Rothliegendes, Dr. Geinitz on a Sala¬ mander in the, 1863, 68 Rotifera, classification and affinities of the, Dr. C. T. Hudson on the, 1875, 1 6 1 ; *1883, 541 — — the modification of the trochal disc of the, Prof. A. G. Bourne on, 1885, 1095 Rotifers, R. Garner on the powers which some, have of attaching themselves by means of a thread, 1 866, 73 Roumanian gipsies, Dr. Charnock on, 1872, 177 Rowan (David), report on steam-ship performance , 1861, 190 * - (F. J.) on boiler incrustation and corrosion, 1876, 229 - on the design and use of boilers, 1878, 712 Rowe (J. Brooking) on the marine fauna and flora of the south coast of Devon and Cornwall , 1865, 51 ; 1867,275; 1869, 84 - exhibition of specimens of Philongria rosea by, 1877, 103 - on the marine zoology of Devon and Cornwall , 1879, 165; 1880, 160; 1881, 198 - (Surgeon-Major S.) on Sir John Glover’s expedition from the Volta to Coomassie, 1874, 175 Rowell (G. A.) on objections to the cy¬ clone theory of storms, 1862, 34 *Rowett (Capt.) on ocean telegraphy, 1870, 224 ^Rowland (H. A.) on the magnetising function of iron, nickel, and cobalt, 1875, 29 ; *on magnetic distribution, ih. *- - on recent progress in photographing the solar spectrum, 1884, 635 - description of a map of the solar spectrum, 1887, 583 ; *on chemical action in a magnetic field, 589 ; *final value of the B.A. unit of electrical resistance as determined by the American Committee, 609 * - recent progress in the use of concave gratings for spectrum analysis, 1888, 566 ; *on a modification of Maxwell’s equations of electro¬ magnetic waves, 617 - discussion on lightning-conductors , 1888, 606 * - on the spectra of the elements and the constitution of the sun, 1890, 751 - - (Owen) on the properties of parkesine, and its application to the arts, manufactures, and telegraphy, 1865, 34 * - on electric torpedoes, 1865, 19 1 Rowney and King (Profs.) on some points in the geology of Strath, Isle of Skye, 1870, 78 Roxburgh and Selkirk, C. Lapworth and J. Wilson on the Silurian rocks of the counties of, 1871, 103 *Roy (Dr.) on cattle disease in South America, 1883, 532 - (Prof.) and J. G. Adami on the physiological bearing of waist-belts and stays, 1888, 704 ^Rubbings from St. Patrick’s Chair, co. Mayo, R. S. Symes on, 1872, 197 Rubens (H.) and H. E. J. G. du Boison refraction and dispersion in certain metals, 1890, 728 Rubidge (Dr. R. N.) on the relations of the Silurian schist with the quartzose rocks of S. Africa, 1864, 66 Rubidium, a revision of the atomic weight of, C. T. Heycock on, 1882, 499 Rubus, Prof. W. R. McNab on a variety of, 1875, 158 fRuby mines of Burma, J. S. Streeter on the, 1887, 803 Rucker (Prof. A. W.) on a problem in stream lines, 1881, 554 - on the methods employed in the cali¬ bration of mercurial thermometers , 1882, 145 ‘ - on electrolysis in its physical and chemical bearings , 1886, 308 ; 1887, 336; 1888, 339; 1889,223; 1890, 138 - on the critical mean curvature of liquid surfaces of revolution, 1886, 518 - — — on cometic nebulas, 1889, 489 ; on the instruments used in the recent magnetic survey of France, 497 - on researches on electro-optics, 1890, 144; on the best means of comparing and reducing magnetic observations, 172 - and Prof. A. W. Reinold, on the in¬ fluence of an electric current on the thinning of a liquid film, 1884, 652 - and Prof. T. E. Thorpe on the cali¬ bration of mercurial thermometers by Bessel's method, 1881, 540 - - on the third magnetic survey of Scotland, 1885, 926 . - on the relations between the geolo¬ gical constitution and the magnetic state of the British Isles, 1889, 586 * - on regional magnetic disturbances in the United Kingdom, 1890, 751 Rudler (F. W.) on stone implements from British Guiana, 1873, 148 . on the ‘ Geological Record ,’ 1880, 87 - Address to the Department of Anthropology, 1880, 609 - on obtaining photographs of the typical races in the British Isles, 1882, 270 - on the facial characteristics of the races and principal crosses in the British Isles, 1883, 306 ; 1884, 294 - on the volcanic phenomena of Vesu¬ vius, 1885, 395; 1886, 226; 1887, 226; 1888, 320; 1889, 283; 1890, 397 - on the prehistoric race in the Greek Islands , 1886, 284 ; 1887, 200 ; 1888, 99 360 GENERAL INDEX. Rudler (F. W.) on racial photographs from the ancient Egyptian pictures and sculptures , 1887, 439 - - on the effects of different occupations and employments on the physical deve¬ lopment of the human body, 1888, 100 ; 1889, 186 - on the nomad tribes of Asia Minor and Northern Persia , 1889, 176; 1890, 535 - on the present aspect of the jade question, 1890, 971 Ruined cities of Central America, Capt. Carmichael on the. 1870, 168 - of Central America, Capt. Brine on the, 1871, 175 *Rule of the road from an anthropolo¬ gical point of view, Sir G. Campbell 011 the, 1885, 1215 *Rumney (G. R.) on a coalfield in Brazil, 1865, 73 - (Aid. R.) on the ash-pit system of Manchester, 1870, 224 Rundall (Gen. F. H.), the river systems of South India, 1886, 734 Rune-like characters on chalk, J. P. Harrison on some, 1877, 1 1 7 Runge (Prof. C.) on the harmonic series of lines in the spectra of the elements, 1888, 576 Runic crosses, Prof. Boyd Dawkins on the Celtic and Germanic designs on, 1886, 834 * - inscriptions in St. Molio’s Cave, Prof. D. Wilson on the discovery of three additional, 1863, 148 *Runn of Cutch, Captain C. Dodd on the, 1869, 160 - and the countries between Raj- pootana and Sind, Sir Bartle Frere 011 the, 1869, 163 *Rusbridge and Stroudley (Messrs.) on communication between passengers and guards, 1875, 252 Russell (F.) on Sheriff courts and rela¬ tive judicial statistics, 1876, 208 - (Hon. F. A. R.), experiments on thin films of water, with regard to their absorption of radiant heat, 1880, 490 - (H. A.) on some variations in the level of the water in Lake George, New South Wales, 1887, 597 - (Rev. J.), notes on the opening of a cist in the parish of Leslie, Aberdeen¬ shire, 1885, 1224 - (J. Scott) report on steamship per¬ formance , 1861, 190; 1862,282; 1863, 339 - analysis of reports of steamsh ip per¬ formance, 1867, 58; 1868, 1 14 - report on tidal observations made on the Humber and rivers Trent and Ouse , 1862, 101 ; 1864, 129 Russell (J. Scott), report on the applica¬ tion of gun-cotton to warlike purposes, 1863, 1 ; 1865, 264 - on the resistance of water to floating and immersed bodies , 1865, 56; 1866, 148 - C. W. Merri field on the theory of the form of least resistayice for ships by, 1869, 15 - (L.) on surveys of the Dominion lands — North-western territories of Canada, 1884, 81 1 - (R.) on some deductions by Dr. Tyndall from his recent experiments regarding the radiant and absorptive properties of vapour in the atmosphere, 1867, n - on the inferences drawn by Drs. Magnus and Tyndall from their experi¬ ments on the radiant properties of vapour, 1871, 56 - (R.) on the geology of the country round Bradford, Yorkshire, 1873, 88 - on the Permian breccias of the country near Whitehaven, 1874, 92 - - on the geology of the Island of Cyprus, 1881, 640 - and J. V. Holmes on the raised beach on the Cumberland coast, be¬ tween Whitehaven and Bowness, 1876, 95 - - - (W. H. L.) on the calculus of func¬ tions, with remarks on the theory of electricity, 1861, 9 - some account of recent discoveries made in the calculus of symbols, 1862, 7 - on a certain class of mathematical symbols, 1863, 1 - on symbolic expansions, 1864, 4 - - - on the calculation of the potential of the figure of the earth, 1865, 8 - on the hyperelliptic functions, Gopel and Weierstrass’s systems, 1866, 6 - on the division of elliptic functions, 1868, 10 - on recent progress in elliptic and hyperelliptic functions, 1869,334; 1870, 102; 1872, 335 ; 1873, 307 - - on the mechanical tracing of curves, 1869, 15 - on linear differential equations, 1870, 16 ; 1871, 23 - on MacCullagh’s theorem, 1871, 23 - on a theorem in linear differential equations, 1879, 263 ; on the repulsion of wires influenced by electric currents, ib. - - on the reduction of algebraical determinants, 1885, 910 - (Dr. W. J.) on vesicular structure in copper, 1861, 92 ; *on an apparatus for the rapid separation and measurement of gases, 95 - on the measurement of gases as a branch of volumetric analysis, 1869, 74 GENERAL INDEX. 361 Russell (Dr. W. J.), experiments on the air in sewers and drains, 1870, 72 - Address to the Chemical Section, 1873, 52 - on the molecular constitution of a solution of cobaltous chloride, 1885, 991 - on the present methods of teaching chemistry, 1888, 73; 1889, 228; 1890, 265 ; on the action of light on the hy- dracids of halogens in presence of oxy¬ gen, 1888, 89 ; 1889, 59 ; 1890, 263 - and W. Lapraik on the absorption spectra of uranium salts, 1886, 576 - and Dr. Matthiessen on the vesi¬ cular structure of copper, 1868, 38 Russia, European, H. H. Howorth on the nomad races of, 1868, 136 Russian America, P. N. Compton on the coast of, 1867, 1 14 - frontiers in Central Asia, Sir H. C. Rawlinson on the, 1865, 128 * - accounts of Khiva and Turcomania, E. D. Morgan on, 1873, 172 - expedition to Khiva, J. A. Mac- Gahan on the, 1874, 183 * - topographical surveys, E. D. Morgan on, 1888, 741 Rutherford (Dr. J. H.), technical edu¬ cation, 1889, 710 (Dr. W.) on the action of mercury on the secretion of Hie, 1868, 187 * - [Prof. W.], exhibition of a model of the circulation of the blood, 1871, 141 - Address to the Department of Anatomy and Physiology, 1873, 119 * - and Dr. J. B. Tuke on the morbid appearances noticed in the brains of insane people, 1871, 144 Rutherford’s minimum thermometer, a new form of, devised and constructed by Mr. James Hicks, G. M. Whipple on, 1873, 50 Rutley (F.) on the igneous rocks of the neighbourhood surrounding the War¬ wickshire coalfield, 1886, 625 Ruttan (Dr. R. F.) on derivatives of tolidin and the azotolidin dyes, 1886, 591 Ryan (Dr.) on the North-east province of Madagascar, 1866, 116 Ryder (Capt.), report on steamship per¬ formance , 1861, 190 *Rye (Miss M.), female emigration, 1884, 866 *Sahella, the blastopore and mesoblast of, Prof. D’A. W. Thompson on, 1885, 1097 Sabine (General E.) on the repetition of the magnetic survey of England, 1861, 250 - on the adequacy of existing data for carrying into effect the suggestion of Gauss , to apply his general theory of terrestrial magnetism to the magnetic variations , 1862, 170 Sabine (General E.) on the establishment of magnetical observations on the Kew system at the Observatory of Tijiis, 1865, 313 - on tidal observations, 1868, 489; 1870, 120 - ’s (General E.), method of reduction of hourly observations of magnetic declina¬ tion and horizontal force, examples of the application of a modified form of, to a single quarter s registrations of the magnetographs at the Colo, ha Observa¬ tory, Bombay , by C. Chambers, 1886, 84 - - (R.) on a new method, introduced by Messrs. Siemens, for the measure¬ ment of electrical resistances, 1865, 16 — — - on pneumatic transmission through tunnels and pipes, 1870, 227 - on Mr. Siemens’s pyrometer, 1874, 242 - on motions produced by dilute acids on some amalgam surfaces, 1878, 435 - on some apparatus for use in con¬ nection with electric light measure¬ ment, 1882, 667 * Sabine’s, Mr. R., method of measuring small intervals of time, W. H. Walenn on, 1876, 52 ‘ Sables de Bracheux,’ the equivalents in England of the, Prof. Prestwich on, and on the southern limits of the Thanet sands, 1882, 538 ^Saccharine matters, some remarks by Prof. Apjohn upon the proximate analysis of, 1871, 66 * - the new sweet product from coal- tar, Dr. Fahlberg on, 1887, 649 *Saccharometer, Prof. Zenger on the tangential balance and a new, 1872, 63 Sacral dimple, the occurrence of, and its possible significance, Dr. L. Tait on, 1878, 606 Sacrifices at the vernal equinox, G. St. Clair on human, 1886, 838 Sacrum, the aberrant form of the, con¬ nected with Naegele’s obliquely con¬ tracted pelvis, Dr. Allen Thomson on, 1878, 605 *Sadler (J.) on the species of Grimmia (including Schistidium ) as represented in the neighbourhood of Edinburgh, 1871, 131 - on the influence of forests on the rainfall, 1873, 488 Safety apparatus, improved, for mine- hoists and warehouse-lifts, T. Dobson on, 1876, 222 — — . factors of, W. B. Marshall on, 1890, 960 362 GENERAL INDEX. ^Safety fuses for electric circuits, Prof. Sir Wm. Thomson on, 1884, 632 _ lamp for miners, J. W. Swan on an electric, 1885, 1196 * - lamp, a new, W. E. Teale on. 1870, 229 *, _ lamp, the Shakespear, Colonel Shakespear on, 1880, 699 _ lamps, J. W. Swan on improvements in electric, 1886, 496 * - lock for facing-points, M. Evans on, 1876, 223 * - valve, a spherical pendulous, J. Nasmyth on, 1876, 229 Sage, essential oil of, M. M. P. Muir on, 1876, 65 Sailing, windward great circle, J. T. Towson on. 1870, 177 Sailors, our, for defence and commerce — at home and abroad, C. Pfoundes on, 1882, 641 *Sails, revolving, Capt. Wheatley on, 1864, 190 - self -reefing. John Coryton on, 1862, 184 St. Acheul, Prof. John Phillips on the deposit of the gravel, sand, and loam with flint implements at, 1863, 85 St. Andrews, Dr. McIntosh on the anne¬ lids of, 1867, 92 ; on the invertebrate marine fauna and fishes of, ib. - marine laboratory, the structure and arrangements of the, Prof. McIntosh on, 1885, 1071 . — — - the work at, during nine months, Prof. McIntosh on the, 1885, 1071 - - the development of the food- fishes at the, E. E. Prince on, 1885, 1091 - the nest and development of Gastrosteus spinachia at the, E. E. Prince on, 1885, 1093 - - Prof. W. C. McIntosh on new and rare forms at the, 1889, 618 St. Austell Bay, Cornwall, note on the serpentine of Duporth in, by J. H. Collins, 1877, 68 *St. Clair (George) on the topography of ancient Jerusalem, 1871, 189 - on human sacrifices at the vernal equinox, 1886, 838 - on boat-shaped graves in Syria, 1887, 900 - - on Jerusalem : Nehemiah’s wall and the royal sepulchres, 1888, 744 ; on totem clans and star worship, 848 St. David’s, Pembrokeshire, J. W. Salter on the old Pre- Cambrian (Laurentian) island of, 1864, 67 — — Pembrokeshire , H. Hicks and J. W. Salter's report on the 1 Menevian Group ’ and other formations at, 1866, 182 - Henry Hicks on the Cambrian and Silurian rocks of Ramsey Island, 1872, 107 St. David's, J. Hopkinson on the grap- tolites of the Arenig rocks of, 1872, 107 - H. Hicks on the Arenig and Llan- deilo rocks of, 1873, 82 - - J. Hopkinson on some graptolites from the upper Arenig rocks of Ramsey Island, 1873, 82 St. Elias, the glacial movements in the vicinity of, on the N.W. coast of America, Admiral Sir E. Belcher on, 1861, 186 *Saint Gotthard tunnel, C. Bergeron on the, 1873, 210 *St. Helena, Sir C. Elliot on a recent earthquake at, 1864, 143 St. Helens and Huyton, sections of strata between, C. Ricketts on, 1870, 85 St.-Hilaire (Geoffroy), Dr. Collingwood on the distinction between catarrhine and plat vrrhine Quadrumana made by. 1866, 106 *St. John (Major 0.) on trade-routes in Persia, 1873, 173 - [Col. Sir O.] on some unexplored or little known parts of Persia, 1882, 628 St. Kilda, notes on the rocks of, by A. Ross, 1885, 1040 St. Lawrence and the great lakes, Dr. Hulbert on the hydrography of the, 1863, 73 St. Michael's Mount in Cornwall, W. Pengelly on the insulation of, 1865, 71 *St. Shotts, Newfoundland, Kenneth Maclea on a remarkable storm and beach-wave at, 1864, 145 *St. Titus's dance, M. Moggridge on the old Welsh mistletoe cure for, 1864, 87 *Saise (W.), H. Cossham, and E. Wethered on the northern end of the Bristol coal-field, 1875, 64 Sakurai (J.) on metallic compounds containing divalent organic radicals : Part I.. 1880, 504 ; Part II., 1881, 567 ; Part III., 1882, 495 Salamander in the Rothliegendes, Dr. Geinitz on a, 1863, 68 *Salangore, Perak and, W. B. D’Almeida on, 1876, 182 Salford, phthisis centres in, A. Ransome on, 1887, 852 Salicylic series, W. H. Perkin on the preparation of some anhydrous sodium derivatives of the, 1868, 41 Saline inclusions in the Crystalline rocks of Dartmoor, the origin of the, A. R. Hunt on, 1890, 815 - solutions, supersaturated, the action of low temperatures on, C. Tomlinson on, 1870, 67 . - solutions, supersaturated, C. Tom¬ linson on the behaviour of, when ex¬ posed to the open air, 1871, 82 - solutions, report on the expansion of. GENERAL INDEX 363 1885, 261; 1886, 207; 1887, 48. {See ‘ Solution ’) Salinity of the Clyde sea area, Dr. H. K. Mill on the, 1888, 738 ^Salisbury, A. B. Middleton on the sani¬ tary statistics of, 1864, 169 Salmon (E.) on Capt. Pirn’s projected transit-route through Central America, 1863, 183 - {Rev. Dr. G.) on instruction in ele¬ mentary geometry , 1873, 459 - on instruction in elementary geo¬ metry, and on the syllabus drawn up by the Association for the improvement of geometrical teaching , 1876, 8 - on the calculation of tables of the fundamental invariants of algebraic forms , including binary qualities , 1880, 38; 1881, 55; 1882, 37 * - (H. C.) on the geognostic relations of the auriferous quartz of Nova Scotia, 1864, 191 Salmon, colour of the, Dr. John Davy on the, 1863, 102 - cultivation in England, Frank Buckland on the progress of, 1868, 90 - experiments with poisons, &c., on young, Dr. McIntosh on, 1867, 102 - fisheries, Thomas Ashworth on the scientific cultivation of, 1862, 12 1 - hatching and salmon-ladders, Frank Buckland on, 1864, 91 - ladder, description of a, by J. Leslie, 1871, 239 - ova, attempts to transport, to Aus¬ tralia, T. Johnson’s account of the, 1863, 105 - ova, transport to Australia of, T. Johnson on the successful, 1864, 99 - pass or swimming-stair, Richard Cail on a lock, 1872, 135 — — river, Frank Buckland on the scien¬ tific cultivation of a, 1866, 71 * - rivers of Devon and Cornwall, and how to improve them, Frank Buckland on, 1869, hi Salmond (T. R.) on the Belfast Harbour , 1874, 1 18 Salmonidae, generative power of, Dr. John Davy on the, 1864, 93 - . the hybridisation of, at Howietoun, F. Day on, 1885, 1059 *Salpa spinosa (Otto), the Rev. A. M. Norman on the structure and develop¬ ment of, as observed at Guernsey, 1865, 92 Salt basins of Central Asia, Baron von Richthofen on the Loess of Northern China, and its relation to the, 1873, 86 * - a double, J. B. Spence on the phenomena of the crystallisation of, 1870, 63 - field, C. E. De Ranee cn the Cheshire, 1881, 650 fSalt industry, the Cleveland and South Durham, sketch of the rise and pro¬ gress of the, by Prof. G. A. Lebour and J. Marley, 1889, 580 - - invisible in its mother-liquor, C. Tomlinson on a, 1870, 67 - - Measures of South Durham, the stratigraphical position of the, Prof. G. A. Lebour on, 1886, 673 - solutions , vapour pressures and re¬ fractive indices of, report on, 1885, 284 ; 1886, 204. {See ‘ Solution ’) - - supply of India, Prof. V. Ball on the, 1882, 530 *Saltash bridge, P. J. Margary on the, 1877, 217 Salter (J. W.) on the nature of Sigil- larice, and on the bivalve shells of the coal, 1861, 131 - on the identity of the Upper Old Red Sandstone with the uppermost Devonian, and of the Middle and Lower Old Red with the Middle and Lower Devonian, 1862, 92 - - on some new forms of Olenoid Tri- lobites from the lowest fossiliferous rocks of Wales, 1864, 67; on the old Pre-Cambrian (Laurentian) island of St. David’s, Pembrokeshire, ib. - notes on the sections and fossils of the Lingula-flags of South Wales , 1865, 284 - explanation of a map of the faults in the gold district of Dolgelly, 1865, 73 - on the ‘ Menevian Group ’ and the other formations at St. David's , Pem¬ brokeshire, 1866, 182 - on a new Pterygotus from the Lower Old Red Sandstone, 1868, 78 Salting mounds of Essex, H. Stopes on the, 1880, 631 *Salts, constitution of, J. A. Wanklyn on the, 1871, 83 - the evidence as to molecular weights deducible from the study of, S. U. Pickering on, 1885, 989 - found in coal-pits, R. C. Clapham and John Daglish on minerals and, 1863, 37 - the saturated solutions of various, P. Spence on determining the boiling- point of, by boiling with steam of 100° C., 1870, 64 *Samarcand, M. Vjlmbery’s visit to, 1864, 148 - M. Nicholas Khanikof on the lati¬ tude of, 1869, 164 *Samoan Archipelago, Dr. L. Forbes on the, 1876, 183 Samuelson (James) on heterogenesis or spontaneous generation, 1862, 119 - on life in the atmosphere, 1863, 123 - on the controversy on spontaneous 364 GENERAL INDEX. generation, -with new experiments, 1870, 133 Sanborn (J. W.), the Seneca Indians of North America, their present customs, legends, and languages, 1887, 910 *Sand in Aberdeen Bay, W. Smith on the movement of, 1885, 1193 * - bars, Dr. R. J. Mann on the forma¬ tion of, 1871, 184 * - bars at the mouth of harbours, the prevention of , C. Bergeron on, 1875, 243 - *bars, M. Bergeron on the removal of, from harbour-mouths, 1876, 219; *1877, 201 - bars in rivers and harbour entrances, a process for cutting through, C. Ber¬ geron on, 1878, 708 - blast process for cutting and orna¬ menting stone, glass, and other hard substances, W. E. Newton on the, 1878, 215 Sanders (W.) on a geological map of the Bristol coal-field, 1864, 68 - on certain large bones in Rhaetic beds at Aust Cliff, near Bristol, 1875, 80 Sanderson (Dr. J. S. Burdon), descrip¬ tion of an apparatus for measuring and recording the respiratory and cardiac movements of the chest, 1869, *52, 12S - on physiological experimentation, 1871, 144 - Address to the Department of Anatomy and Physiology, 1872, 145 ; 1881, 705 ; on the cause of the respira¬ tory7 variations of art erial press ure, 1872, 154 - on Huizinga’s experiments on abio- genesis, 1873, 131 ; on the electrical phenomena which accompany the con¬ tractions of the leaf of Bioncea musci- pula, 133 * - new researches on the electrical phenomena consequent on iriitation of the leaves of the fly-trap ( Dioncea muscipula), 1876, 163 * - on the automatic mechanism of the batrachian heart, 1879, 404 - on the influence of bodily exercise on the elimination of nitrogen, 1880, 159; 1882, 269; 1883,242; 1884,265 - on the researches on food-fishes at the St. Andrews marine laboratory, 1888, 141 - Address to the Biological Section, 1889, 604 - and Dr. Ferrier on the origin and distribution of Microzymes ( Bacteria ) in water, and the circumstances which determine their existence in the tissues and liquids of the living body, 1871, 125 - and Prof. S. Stricker on a new method of studying the capillary cir¬ culation in mammals, 1870, 142 Sands and clays in North Wales, George Maw on an extensive distribution of white, antecedent to the Boulder Clay drift, 1865, 68 - coloration of some, Rev. A. Irving on the, 1883, 504 - the Middle, of Lancashire, the age of, S. V. Wood and F. W. Harmer on the palaeontological aspects of the Middle Glacial Formation of the east of England, and their bearing upon, 1870, 90 Sandstone, ferruginous, Charles Jecks on the, in the neighbourhood of North¬ ampton, 1868, 69 * - hard, the occurrence of seams of, in the Middle Drift of East Anglia, J. E. Taylor on, 1870, 88 - New Red, of the central portion of England, Edward Hull on the source of the Quartzose Conglomerate of the, 1869, 91 - Red, W. Matthias Dunn on the rela¬ tions of the Cumberland coal-field to the, 1863, 68 - the Triassic, around Liverpool, G. H. Morton on the glaciated condition of the surface of, 1870, 81 Sandstones, footprint and reptiliferous, of the N.E. of Scotland, Professor R. Harkness on the, 1863, 69 - and their associated deposits of the Y alley of the Eden and the Cumber¬ land plain, Professor R. Harkness on the, 1861, 1 15 *Sandwfich Islands, the ornithology of the, Prof. A. Newton on, 1890, 852 Sanford (W. A.) on carnassial and canine teeth from the Mendip caverns, probably7 belonging to Felis antiqua, 1864,69 * - on a new7 British Rhizopod and some other marine animals, 1864, 100 - on the exploration of Kent's Cavern , 1870, 16; 1871, 1; *1872, 28; 1873, 198; 1874, 1 ; 1875, 1 ; 1876, 1; 1877, 1 ; 1878, 124 ; 1879, 140 ; 1880, 62 Sang (John) on an apparatus for clean¬ ing filtering sand, 1876, 232 *Sanification of our cities, E. Elcock on a new7 method for promoting the, 1874, 203 Sanitary' condition of large towns, Sir J. Watson on improving the, 1877, 182 - legislation and organisation : its present state and future prospects, Dr. T. W. Grimshaw7 on, 1874, 206 - measures for Scottish villages, Colonel Sir J. E. Alexander on, 1871,200 - statistics of the aborigines of British Colonies, collected by Miss Nightingale, 1863, 155 *Sankey (W. H.) on weights and mea¬ sures, 1869, 199 GENERAL INDEX. 365' Sankey Brook, St. Helen’s, A. E. Fletcher on the purification of, 1870, 55 fSankuru, the, and the Upper Kasai, explorations on, by Dr. L. Wolf, 1887, 798 *Santorin, Commander Lindsay Brine on the eruption at, 1866, 107 Sapindaceous plants, Prof. L. Radlkofer on the structural peculiarities of cer¬ tain, 1868, 109 * Saprolegnia, the structure of the nu¬ cleus in, Prof. M. M. Hartog on, 1889, 618 * - Prof. Hartog on the formation and escape of the zoospores in, 1886, 700 * - Prof. M. M. Hartog on a monadine parasitic on, 1889, 649 *Saracens in France, M. G. Lagneau on the, 1866, 96 ^Sarawak, E. P. Haughton on the land Dayas of Upper, 1866, 96 Sarcee Indians, report on the, by Rev. E. F. Wilson, 1888, 242 ; notes thereon, by H. 11 ale, 253 Sardinia, Gordon Davis on the calamine deposits of, 1861, 58 *Sarel (Col.) on the Yang-tze-Kiang river, China, 1862, 196 Sargant (G. H.),the state of the poor in 1795 and 1838, 1886, 781 - - - food as an aid to elementary educa¬ tion, 1887, 851 - (W. L.) on the vital statistics of Birmingham and seven other towns, 1865, 155 * ISarracenia, Dr. Moore on a monstrous flower of, 1874, 134 Saskatchewan, places of geological interest on the banks of the, Prof. J. H. Panton on, 1887, 714 * - valley, Dr. Rae on, 1871, 189 Satellites, Prof. A. Hall on the orbits of, 1886, 542 Saunder(S. A.)andG.CHRYSTAL, results of a comparison of the British Associa¬ tion units of electrical resistance, 1876, 13 Saunders (H.) on the natural history of Timorlaut , 1881, 197 ; 1882, 275 ; 1883, 224 ; 1884, 263 - on the exploration of Kilimanjaro and the adjoining mountains of Eastern Equatorial Africa , 1883, 228; 1884, 271 ; 1885, 681 - on the geographical distribution of the Laridrn (gulls and terns), with special reference to Canadian species, 1884, 771 - on promoting the establishment of marine biological stations on the coast of the United Kingdom , 1885, 480 * - (R. T.) on the physical geography of the United States of America as affecting agriculture, wfith suggestions for the increase of the production of cotton, 1870, 201 Saunders (T. W.), statistics of crime and criminals in England, 1864, 172 - (Trelawney W.) on Mr. Cooper’s attempt to reach India from Western China, 1869, 166; on the Himalayas and Central Asia, *167 ; *1871, 189 ■ - on the orography of the North¬ western frontier of India, 1879, 449 - on the geographical work of the Palestine Exploration Fund, 1881, 741 * - on the proposed Jordan channel, 1883, 591, 657 - the remarkable journey of the trained explorer A. K. on the frontiers of India and China, 1884, 803 ; the first general census of India, 804; on Dominion surveys, 807 * - on the complete exploration of Lake Yamdok in Tibet, 1885, 1126; *the Ordnance Survey of Cyprus, 1129 *Sauriansof the Dakota Cretaceous rocks of Colorado, Prof. E. D. Cope on the, 1878, 545 Savage, the life history of a, Rev. G. Brown on, 1886, 844 - tribes, Edward B. Tylor on pheno¬ mena of the higher civilisation trace¬ able to a rudimental origin among, 1866, 97 *Saville (S. P.) on a skull of the Rhino¬ ceros tichorhinus, 1862, 94 Savings of the people as evidenced by the returns of the Trustees and Post Office savings banks, Prof. L. Levi on the, 1879, 492 - - bank in the school, J. G. Fitch on the, 1873, 187 - bank, the East Morley and Bradford, T. Haig on. 1873, 188 * - banks. Dominion, T. D. Tims on, 1884. 835 - banks, as a State function developed by charity organisation, Dr. W. N. Hancock on, 1876, 199 Sawyer ( F. E.) on the rainfall of Sussex, 1872, 58 Saxifraga stellaris, Prof. A. Dickson on a monstrosity in, 1875, 157 *Saxon in the Weald, Walter Dendy on a gleam of the, 1871, 150 * - the physical characteristics of the, J. Park Harrison on, 1882, 607 Sayce (Prof. A. H.), Address to the An¬ thropological Section, 1887, 885 Scammony, hederic acid and resin of, C. T. Kingzett on, 1877, 52 Scandinavian and Pictish customs on the Anglo-Scottish border, Dr. Phene on, 1881, 693 - ice, the extension of the, to eastern England in the Glacial Period, Prof. 0. Tcrell on, 1887, 723 366 GENERAL INDEX. Scarborough, the climate of, compared with that of some other seaside health resorts, J. Hopkinson on, 1890, 748 _ John Leckenby on a three-weeks’ dredging-cruise off, 1863, 105 _ and E. Yorkshire, John Leckenby on the Boulder- Clav and Drift of, 1864, 58 Scavenging , the cost of, in various towns, 1870, 55 Scelidosaurus Harrisoni, Prof. Owen on, from the Lower Lias of Charmouth, 1861, 121 Schaaffhausen (Prof.) on Prehistoric times in the Valley of the Rhine, 1880, 624 ; on the original Neanderthal skull, ib. Schafakik (Prof. A.) on the visibility of the dark side of Venus, 1873, 404 * - on the constitution of some sili¬ cates, 1873, 66 Schafer (E. A.), experiments relating to the coagulation of the blood, 1872, 155 .. - on palceontological and zoological researches in Mexico, 1880, 254 _ an improved method of directly determining the velocity of the con¬ traction-wave in curarised muscle, 1882, 575 - *on apparatus for recording changes of volume, 1884, 783 ; on the mechan¬ ism of absorption, ib. . - on the physiology of the lymphatic system, 1887, 145, 1888, 363; 1889, 128 - on improving and experimenting with a deep-sea tow-net for opening and clos¬ ing under water, 1889, 1 1 1 * - and W. B. Halliburton on the proteids of serum, 1884, 785 - and V. Horsley on the functions of the marginal convolution of the brain, 1884, 777 Scharff (Dr. R.), report on the occupa¬ tion of the table at the Zoological Station at Naples, 1886, 257 - some remarks on the egg-membranes of osseous fishes, 1886, 698 Scheelite (tungstate of lime), Dr. C. Le Neve Foster on the occurrence of the mineral, at the Val Toppa gold-mines near Domodossola, Piedmont, 1869, 88 Schenk (R.) on the amount of heat re¬ quired to raise elementary bodies from absolute zero to their state of fusion, 1872,82 _ and J. A. Wanklyn on the synthe¬ sis of caproic acid, 1867, 46 Schiaparelli's (G. V.) notes and reflec¬ tions on the astronomical theory of falling stars ( abstract in report on luminous meteors ), 1868, 407 Schistose rocks in Islay, Scotland, the occurrence of pebbles and boulders of granite in, J. Thomson on, 1870, 88 Schists, bituminous, and their relation to coal, Prof. Ansted on, 1862, 65 - of Ireland, the Crystalline, Dr. C. Callaway on, 1886, 661 - - of the Lepontine Alps, Prof. T. G. Bonney on the alleged occurrence of fossils in the Crystalline, 1889, 571 — of Malvern and Anglesey, on the origin of the Crystalline, Dr. C. Calla¬ way on, 1887, 706 ; 1888, 653 - of Norway, the origin and age of some of the Crystalline, Archibald Geikie on, 1889, 567 - passage of into granite in the island of Corsica, Dr. T. Ansted on the, 1867. 54 Schlagintweit (H.) on anew revolving scale for measuring curved lines, 1863, 25 ; *on ethnographical casts, 146 Schlichter (Dr ), some points in con¬ nection with Ptolemaic geography and Ptolemaic maps, 1890, 897 Schmidt ( J. F. Julius), letter onthemoon's surface, 1865, 305 - on mapping the surface of the moon . 1866,214; 1867, 1; 1868,1, 5; 1869! 76 Schneider (Dr.) on Baron Lenh's gun¬ cotton, 1863, 33 Schofield (Thomas) on steam-boiler ex¬ plosions, 1870, 1 ; 1871, 166 ; 1872, 57 *Schomburgk (Sir Robert) on a journey to Xiengmai and Moulmein, 1864, 147 Schonbein’s antozone, Dr. G. Harley on, 1862, 44 School attendance, the true reason whr so many children try to avoid, Rev. A. Hume on, 1883, 628 - banks, Rev. W. Tuckwell on, 1877, 182 - Board pupils, C. G. Bunting on the importance of providing additional facilities for the instruction of, in the higher branches of knowledge, 1872, 222 - time, J. Heywoodon the recommend¬ ations of the Public School Commis¬ sioners for the distribution of, 1864, 167 Schools of Commerce, Sir P. Magnus on. 1887, 841 - elementary, of Manchester, Lydia E. Becker on statistics regarding the attendance and education of girls in the, 1872, 220 - middle-class, as they are, and as they ought to be, C. H. W. Biggs on, 1870, 188 - national, in Liverpool. Rev. A. Hume on the condition of, as compared with the population, 1861, 223 * - natural science in. T. B. Grierson on education in, 1868, 97 - in rural districts, toe Rev. Canon GENERAL INDEX. 3G7 Girdlestone on the maintenance of, 1869, 191 Schools, teaching of physics in, report on the, 1874, 71 - ( See ‘ Science ') Schroder (Dr. E.) on the most commo¬ dious and comprehensive calculus, 1883, 41 1 ; exposition of a logical principle, as disclosed by the algebra of logic, but overlooked by the ancient logicians, 412 - on a certain method in the theory of functional equations, 1887, 621 Schrotter (Dr.) on Baron Leak's gun¬ cotton, 1863, 33 Schunck (Dr. E.), report on the recent grr ogress and present condition of manu¬ facturing chemistry in the South Lan¬ cashire district, 1861, 108 - on the chemical composition of cotton, 1870, 63 - Address to the Chemical Section, 1887, 624 Schuster (Dr. Arthur) on the spectrum of hydrogen, 1872, 38 - - on the influence of temperature and pressure on the widening of the lines in the spectra of gases, 1873, 39; on a curious optical phenomenon observed on the top of Snowdon, 40 - on Ohm’s law, 1874, 30; on uni¬ lateral conductivity, 3 1 - on Ohm's law, 1876, 36 - on the present state of our knowledge of spectrum analysis, 1880, 258; 1881, 317 ; 1882, 120 - on meteoric dust, 1881, 88 ; 1882, 90; 1883, 126; 1884, 38; 1885, 34; 1889, 34 - on the dynamical theory of radia¬ tion, 1881, 561 - on fixing a standard of white light , 1882, 38; 1883, 127; 1885, 61; 1886, 39; 1887, 47; 1888,39 - on standards for use in electrical measurements, 1882, 70 ; 1883, 41 ; 1884, 29; 1885, 31; 1886, 145; 1887, 206 ; 1888, 55 ; 1889, 41 ; 1890, 95 — — on the preparation of a new series of tables of wave lengths of the spectra of the elements, 1882, 144; 1884, 351; 1885, 288 ; 1886, 167 ; 1890, 224 - on some matters relating to the sun, 1882, 442 - on the best experimental methods that can be used in observing total solar eclipses, 1883, 49 - - on some spectroscopic appliances, 1883, 400; on the internal constitution of the sun, 427 ; on some measurements of glacier-motion in, 432 - on the best methods of recording the direct intensity of solar radiation, 1884, 28; 1885, 156; 1886, 63; 1887, 32 ; 1889, 40 ; 1890, 144 Schuster (Dr. Arthur) on the connection between sun-spots and terrestrial phe¬ nomena, 1884, 446 - *on the influence of magnetism 011 the discharge of electricity through gases, 1884, 633 - on comparing and reducing magnetic observations, 1885, 65, 73 ; 1886, 64, 77 ; 1887,320; 1888,28; 1889, 49; 1890, 172 - *on a law concerning radiation. 1885, 905 ; on Helmholtz’s views on electrolysis and on the electrolysis of gases, 977 - on a differential gravity meter , 1886, 141 ; 1887, 41 ; 1888, 72 - on electrolysis in its physical and chemical bearings , 1886, 308 ; 1887, 336; 1888, 339; 1889,223; 1890, 138 - on the conduction of electricity through gases , 1887, 580 - on the passage of electricity through gases, 1889, 510 - and Capt. Abney, preliminary ac¬ count of results obtained during the late total solar eclipse (May 17, 1882), 1882, 441 - and T. G. Bailey on the absorption spectrum of didymium chloride, 1883, 400 - (Max), some results of the crystal¬ lographic study of danburite, 1885, io33 Schvarcz (J.) on the probable origin of the heliocentric theory, 1862, 17 - on the internal heat of the earth, 1867, 158 Schwarz (Prof. H.) and Dr. W. Bott on the derivatives and the constitution of the pyrocresols, 1887, 669 SCHWEDOFF (Prof. T.) on the origin of hail, 1882, 458 - theory of hail by, Prof. S. P. Thomp¬ son on the, 1882, 458 Schweinfurth (Dr. G.) on the oases of the Lybian Desert, 1874, 173 Science, advancement of, due to patented inventions, Thomas Webster on the, 1872,251 *- - advancement of, by industrial in¬ vention, T. Webster on the, 1873, 219 — — advancement of, Prof. Leone Levi on the progress of Learned Societies, illustrative of the, in the United King¬ dom during the past thirty years, 1868, 169, 196 - demonstration in elementary schools, a system of, W. L. Carpenter on, 1883, 627 - elementary, Capt. Donnelly on the nature and results of the aid now granted by the State towards the instruction of the industrial classes in, 1861, 217 368 GENERAL INDEX. Science lectures and organisation , report of the committee on, 1873, 495, 507 - natural, in the Board schools of London, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on ele¬ mentary, 1879, 475 — — natural, the system of instruction in elementary, introduced by the Liverpool School Board into their schools, some account of, E. M. Hance on, 1879, 477 . — — natural, the introduction of, into higher and middle-class schools, D. Mackintosh on, 1883, 622 — — physical, Rev. W. Tuckwell on the method of teaching, 1867, 119 - Lieut. -Col. A. Strange on the necessity for State intervention to secure the progress of, 1868, 6 - — - school of applied, Prof. A. W. Wil¬ liamson on the proposed establishment by the Government of a, 1870, 68 - teaching of, in elementary schools, report of the Committee for matching andreporting on the workings of the pro¬ posed revised New Code, and of other legislation affecting the, 1881, 148 ; 1882, 307 ; 1883, 309 - teaching of, in elementary schools, report on the, 1884, 283 ; 1885, 692 ; 1886, 278; 1887, 163; 1888, 164; 1889, 131 ; 1890, 489 - teaching of, at public schools, Rev. F. W. Farrar on the, 1866, 72 - teaching in connection with ele¬ mentary schools, J. F. Moss on, 1879, 476 - - - teaching in schools, the Rev. W. Tuckwell on the obstacles to, 1871, 57 * - teaching, recent legislation as faci¬ litating, Sir H. E. Roscoe on, 1890, 772 Scientific evidence in Courts of Law, report on, 1862, 373 ; 1866, 456 - journals, inconveniences of the pre¬ sent mode of quoting. Dr. H. Borns on the, 1884, 656 * - Museum, a permanent, J. Heywmod on the memorial of eminent scientific gentlemen in favour of, 1876, 199 - questions, Lieut.-Col. Strange on Government action on, 1871, 56 — — societies, the, in relation to the advancement of science in the United Kingdom, Prof. L. Levi on, 1879, 458 {see 1868, 169, 196) - terms, the evils arising from the use of historical national names as, A. L. Lewis on, 1878, 583 SCilly Islands, the recent occurrence of Lavatera sylvestris , Brot., in the, H. Trimen on, 1877, 106 * - Isles, flint flakes from Cornwall and the, Dr. Barham on, 1877, 114 Scinde, Western, exploration of, and Belooch'stan, with a view to examining the subterranean supply of water, J. W. Barnes on the, 1867, 113 Scirpus parvulus, A. G. More on the dis¬ covery of, in Ireland, 1868, 106 Sclater (Philip Lutley), report on the present state of our knowledge of the birds of the genus Apteryx living in New Zealand, 1861, 176 - on the late increase of our know¬ ledge of the struthious birds, 1861, 158 - on the birth of a young hippopota¬ mus in the Zoological Society's Gar¬ dens at Amsterdam, 1865, 93 - on extinct birds of the Mascarene Islands, 1866, 401 - on the systematic position of the Pronghorn ( Antilocapra americana'), 1866, 77 - on certain principles to be observed in the establishment of a National Museum of natural history, 1870, 123 — — - on the foundation of zoological sta¬ tions in different parts of the world , 1871, 192 ; 1872, 47 ; 1873, 408 - on a favourable occasion for the establishment of Zoological Observa¬ tories, 1871, 134 - on a new rhinoceros, with remarks on the recent species of this genus and their distribution, 1872, 140; notice of an apparently new marine animal from the Northern Pacific, ib. - on the distribution of the species of cassowaries, 1874, 138 - - on the zoological station at Naples , 1875, 18 ; 1877,228; 1878,149; 1879, 165; 1880, 161; 1881,178; 1882,2 88; 1883, 234 ; 1884, 252 ; 1885, 466 ; 1886, 254; 1887, 77; 1888, 150; 1889, 95; 1890, 449 - - on the steps taken for investigating the natural history of Socotra, 1879, 210; 1880,212; 1881,194; 1882,28i; 1883, 227 - exhibition of some of the zoological reports of the ‘ Challenger ’ expedition, 1880, 606 ; on the classification of birds, ib. - on the natural history of Timor -laut , 1881, 197 ; 1882, 275 ; 1883, 224 ; 1884, 263 • - on the insect house in the gardens of the Zoological Society of London, 1881, 668 - on the exploration of Kiliman¬ jaro and the adjoining mountains of Eastern Equatorial Africa, 18S3, 228; 1884, 271 ; 1885, 681 * - on the aid given by the Dominion Government and the Government of the United States to the encouragement of fisheries, and to the investigation of the various forms of marine life on the GENERAL INDEX. 369 coasts and rivers of North America , 1885, 479; 011 promoting the establish- onent of Marine Biological Stations on the coast of the United Kingdom , 480 ; on the exploration of New Guinea, 690 ; on the scientific examination of the country in the vicinity of Mount Boraima in Gw ana , ib. Sclater (Philip Lutley) on arrange¬ ments for assisting the Marine Biologi¬ cal Association Laboratory at Plymouth, 1887, 59; 1888, 94; on the flora and fauna of the Cameroons mountain , 1887, 73; on the definition of the area of the British marine fauna and flora, 95; on the herds of mild cattle in Chartley Park and other parks in Great Britain, 135 - on the desirability of further research in the Antarctic regions, 1888, 316; on the present state of our knowledge of the zoology and botany of the West India Islands, and on the steps taken to investi¬ gate ascertained deficiencies in the fauna and flora, 437; 1889, 93; 1890,44 Sclater-Booth (Rt. Hon. G.), Address to the Section of Economic Science and Statistics, 1882, 631 Sclavonic race, South, Miss Irby and Miss Mackenzie on the characteristics of the, 1865, 90 ^Sclavs, the spread of the, H. H. Ho worth on, 1878, 590 ^Sclerotium from Botrytis , the develop¬ ment of a, Prof. H. M. Ward on, 1889, 649 ^Scorpion and the king crab, Prof. E. Ray Lankester on the, 1883, 541 Scotch Education Act, 1872, M. Blair on the pauperisation of children by the operation of the, 1885, 1176 - miners, anomalies in the condition of, in contrast with other unskilled labourers, W. Small on, 1885, 1174 Scotland, condition and progress of, in re¬ lation to England and Ireland, Prof. Leone Levi on the, 1867, 140 - distribution of wealth in, R. Richardson on the, 1887, 840 - dredging on the north and east coasts of, report of the Committee for, 1861, 280 ; 1862, 371 - earthquakes in, report of the Com¬ mittee on, 1870, 48; 1871, 197; 1872, 240; 1873,194; 1874,241; 1875,64; 1876, 74 * - earthquake districts of, Dr. J. Bryce on the, 1876, 88 - - ethnography of, Rev. J. Earle on the, 1875, 172 - the fossils in the North-west High¬ lands of, report on, 1872, 238 ; 1873, 412 ; 1874, 74 ; 1878, 130 - geography of, what has been done, and what remains to be done for the, H. A. Webster on the, 1885, 1138 Scotland, Geological Survey of, A. Geikie on the progress of the, 1867, 60 ; 1871, 96 * - Glacial shell-beds of the Carse of Gowrie to those of the west of, Rev. W. H. Crosskey on the relation of the, 1867, 58 - goldtields of, Dr. W. Lauder Lind¬ say on the, 1867, 64 - magnetic survey of, Prof. T. E. Thorpe and A. W. Rucker on the third, 1885, 926 - plant-acclimatisation in, with spe¬ cial reference to Tussac grass, Dr. W. Lauder Lindsay on, 1867, 88 - rainfall of, Alexander Buchan on the, 1871, 232 - rare plants recently collected in, Prof. J. H. Balfour on some, 1864, 86 ; 1867, 79 5 *1875, 156 - Silurian rocks of the south of, D. J. Brown on the, 1871, 93 Scott (Dr. A.), the composition of water bv volume, 1885, 976; 1887, 668; "1889, 544 - on some vapour densities at high temperatures, 1887, 668 — on the atomic weight of oxygen, 1888, 631 — — and Prof. J. Dewar on the determi¬ nation of the relative atomic weights of manganese, oxygen, and silver, 1881, 596 ; on some vapour dens ty determinations, 597 - and Prof. J. Dewar on the atomic weight of manganese, 1883, 459 ; on the molecular weights of the sub¬ stituted ammonias, 460 - (Dr. D. H.), on some recent progress in our knowledge of the anatomy of plants, 1889, 647 * - (Major-General H. Y. D.) on defe¬ cating sewage, and utilising the de¬ posit for the preparation of lime and cement, 1872, 250 ; on the agricultural value of the lime compounds obtained by defecating sewage, ib. ; on the se¬ lenitic method of making mortar, ib. - on the effects of magnesia on vege¬ tation, 1880, 550 - *(M.) on a submarine ram and gun, 1870, 228 ; *on ships of war of mode¬ rate dimensions, ib. ; *on the ma¬ chinery and working of submarine guns, ib. * - on improved ships of war, 1871, 241 - (R. H.) on the granite rocks of Donegal, and the minerals associated therewith, 1861, 131 * - report on the chemical and miner * alogical constitution of the granites of B B 370 GENERAL INDEX. Donegal , and of the rocks associated with them , 1862, 163 ; 1863, 48 Scott (R. H.) on the plant-beds of North Greenland , 1867, 57 ; 1869, 1 - on the importance of improved me¬ thods of registration of wind on the coast, with a notice of an anemometer designed by Mr. W. De La Rue, to furnish telegraphic information of the occurrence of strong winds, 1874, 37 , - on the implication by the Meteorolo¬ gical Society of the Mauritius of daily synoptic charts of the Indian Ocean from the year 1861, 1882, 38; 1883, ‘ 1 18 ; 1884,32; 1885, 60; 1887,40 r - on meteoric dust, 1882, 90 ; 1883, 126; 1884,38; 1885,34 - - on Mr. E. J. Lowe's 'project of esta¬ blishing a meteorological observatory near Chepstow, 1884, 3=5; 1885, 64; 1886, 139; 1887, 39 - - (W. B.) and H. F. Osborne on the origin and development of the rhino¬ ceros group, 1883, 528 - - (Wentworth L.) on some probable new sources of thallium, 1864, 41 , - on the action of the alkali metals in determining the explosion of gun¬ cotton, 1865, 35 ~ — *on arseniuretted and antimoniuret- ted hydrogens, 1865, 191 ; *on the for¬ mation of ammonia from nitrogen in the atmosphere, ib. ; *on the presence and functions of ammonia or its homo- logues in the blood, ib. ; *1866, 92 — — *on the bisulphite of calcium as a preservative of animal substances, 1867, 40; *on the artificial production of oil of cinnamon, ib. ; *on the pre¬ sence of quinine and other alkaloids in the animal economy 104 - - (Dr.) on the T urdus torquatus as observed in Devonshire, 1864, 100 - on the occurrence of Orcynvs alalonga on the coast of Devon, 1865, 93 - on a hybrid or other variety of Perdix cinerea found in Devonshire, 1869, 1 1 7 *Scott-Moncreiff (W. D.) on a pneu¬ matic tramway-car, 1876, 233 Scottish agriculture, recent changes iD, Major P. G. Craigie on, 1885, 1162 - Alpine plants, some rare, Dr. I. Bayley Balfour on, 1878, 570 - fisheries, the statistics and some points in the economics of the, W. Watt on, 1885, 1175 - flora, Prof. J. H. Balfour on some additions to the, 1868, 89 - goldfields, the matrix of the gold found in the, Dr. J. Bryce on, 1870, 70 * - lakes, the deprh and temperature of some, J. Y. Buchanan on, 1885, 1138 Scottish poor law, A. M‘N. Caird on some special evils of the, 1876, 197 * - poor law, past and present, tried by results, E. A. Macknight on the, 1883, 626 - rivers, Dr. R. Mill on the tempera¬ ture of some, 1888, 588 - villages, Col. Sir J. E. Alexander on sanitary measures for, 1871, 200 - zoological station, report of the Com¬ mittee appointed to aid in the main¬ tenance of the, 1881, 177; 1882, 282; 1883, 233 ; {see 1885, 474 ; 1886, 251 ; 1887, 91 ; 1888, 141) Screw- complex of the second order, Prof. R. S. Ball on a, 1875, 10 * - -gauge for electrical apparatus, W. H. Preece on a, 1881, 779 - the British Association standard, W. H. Preece on, 1887, 884 - -lowering apparatus, E. J. Hartland on a new form of, 1874, 222 - -pine ( Pandanus utilis), Prof. Thiselton Dyer on the minute anatomy of the stem of the, 1871, 128 * - -propeller, Prof. O. Reynolds on the resistance of the, as affected by immersion, 1873, 216 * - propellers, G. B. Galloway on im¬ provements in, 1864, 186 - -steamers, the steering of. Prof. 0. Reynolds on, 1875, 141 ; 1876, 66: 1877, 200; 1878, 419 - the steering of, Prof. 0. Rey¬ nolds on, *1877, 218; 1878, 697 - W. Denny on the trials of, 1875, 246 Screws, gauge for the manufacture of the various small, used in telegraphic and electrical apparatus, in clockwork, and for other analogous purposes, report of the Committee for determining a, 1882, 311 ; 1883, 318 ; 1884, 287 - gauge for small, the British Associ¬ ation standard, E. Rigg on, 1885, 1203 * - of inertia of a free or constrained rigid body, the principal, Prof. R. S. Ball on, 1878, 463 - theory of, Prof. R. S. Ball on the, 1873, 27 - theory of, the extension of the, to the dynamics of any material system, Prof. R. S. Ball on, 1881, 547 Scrobicularia bed, a, containing human bones, at Newton Abbot, Devonshire, W. Pengelly on, 1886, 841 *ScuDAMORE(Rev. H. C.) on the proceed¬ ings of the United University Mission to Africa, 1862, 196 Sculptures, ancient, and objects of art from Irish cairns, E. A. Conwell on, 1870, 145 - Lieut.-Colonel Leslie on ancient hieroglyphic, 1871, 155 GENERAL INDEX. 371 *Scythians, Due de Rousillon on the, 1864, 147 Sea, bathometer or instrument to indi¬ cate the depth of the, on board ship without submerging: a line, C. W. Siemens on a, 1861, 73 - - beach, an ancient, near Bridlington Quay, containing mammalian remains, J. W. Davis on the discovery and ex¬ cavation of, 1887, 694 - 'beach, an ancient, near Bridlington Quay , report on, 1888, 328; 1889, 70; 1890, 375 - bed and beach near Fort William, Inverness-shire, J. Gwyn Jeffreys on an ancient, 1862, 73 ; Invertebrata found in, 74 - - birds, on the protection of, 1869, 91 * - bottom of the North Pacific, Dr. W. B. Carpenter on the condition of the, as shown by the soundings re¬ cently taken by the U.S. steamship ‘ Tuscarora,’ 1875, 64 - cliffs, old, D. Milne Home on the, and submarine banks of the Frith of Forth, 1867, 61 - - dust, Trichodesmium or, Dr. Col- lingwood on, 1867, 81 - - encroachment of the, on Exmouth Warren, G. Peacock on the, 1869, 166 * - encroachments of the, on the east coast of Yofkshire, Rev. F. 0. Morris on, 1871, 187 * - extraordinary agitations of the, R. Edmonds on, 1869, 160 - - of Galilee, the origin of the fishes of the, Prof. E. Hull on, 1885, 1066 - going qualities, stability, and pro¬ pulsion of ships , report on the existing knowledge on, 1869, 10 ; 1870, 44 - level on the coast of India, non- tidal variations of the, W. Parkes on, 1870, 19 - - pressure gauge, J. Glaisher on a deep-, 1861, 59 - - roughness of the , and measurement of waves near shore, report on machinery for obtaining a record of the, 1873, 495 - route to China from Western Asia , notes on the oldest records of the, by Col. Yule, 1882, 347 - - sickness, J. W. Osborne on the mo¬ tion of the vessel with reference to, 1862, 133 t - temperatures in the neighbourhood of Cape Guardafui, Lieut.-Gen. R. Strachey on, 1888, 738 - temperatures of the continental shelf, Dr. H. R. Mill on, 1888, 739 - thermometer, J. Glaisher on a deep-, 1861, 58 - water, Prof. J. A. Wanklyn on, 1868, 46 - water, W. Lant Carpenter on the examination of, on board H.M.S. ‘ Por¬ cupine,’ in July 1870, for dissolved gases and varying proportions of chlorine, *1870, 53; 1872, 72 Sea weeds, brown and red, observations on, by Prof. T. Johnson, 1890, 868 Seal, the grey (AT. gryphon ), from Bos- castle, Cornwall, Prof. E. Ray Lan- kester on a young specimen of, 1 883, 529 - - fishing, James Yeaman on, as pro¬ secuted by the North-Sea fleet hailing from Dundee, 1867, 148 Seamless tubes from solid bars or ingots, F. Siemens on rolling, by the Man- nesmann process, 1888, 804 Searle (Francis F.) on Peruvian explo¬ rations and settlements on the Upper Amazons, 1869, 167 Seas, inland, Dr. W. B. Carpenter on the temperature and other physical condi¬ tions of, in their relation to geological inquiry, 1872, 96 - the effect of continental lands in altering the level of the adjoining, Prof. E. Hull on, 1887, 596 Seasonal variations of temperature in lakes, rivers, and estuaries in various parts of the United Kingdom, report of the Committee for arranging an. inves¬ tigation of the, in co-operation with the Local Societies represented in the Mssu- ciation , 1888, 326; 1889, 44; 1890, 92 Seaton (W.) on an improved patent saddle-rail and railway permanent- way construction, 1874, 229 Secchi (Padre) on stellar spectrometry , 1868, 165 - on some meteorological results ob¬ tained in the Observatory at Rome, 1868, 30 Secondary batteries, electrolysis of dilute sulphuric acid in, Dr. «T. H. Glad¬ stone and A. Tribe on, 1883, 464 - batteries and the economical gene¬ ration of steam for electrical pur¬ poses, W. W. Beaumont and C. H. \V. Biggs on, 1883, 652 - batteries, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on, with special reference to local action, 1882, 447 * - batteries, W. H. Preece on, 1884, 893 - batteries, the recent progress in, B. Drake and J. M. Gorham on, 1886, 813 * - battery, an early attempt at a, Dr. C. W. Siemens on, 1881, 554 - cells, W. J. S. B. Starkey on, 1890, 958 * - strata of England, H. G. Seeley on the classification of, 1868, 78 * - strata, reptilian eggs from, W. Car- ruthers on, 1869, 86 Secreting cells, Prof. G. Gilson on, 1890, 861 B B o 372 GENERAL INDEX. Secretion of carbonate of lime by animals, R. Irvine and Dr. G. S. Woodhead on the, 1889, 637 * - in plant-glands, some points in the process of, W. Gardiner on, 1887, 761 - of silk by the silkworm, Prof. G. Gilson on the, 1889, 628 *Sedan, W. Hope on the history of the shell that won the battle of, 1870, 219 Sedgwick (A.) on the origin of the head-kidney, 1880, 604 - on the occupation of a table at the zoological station at Naples, 1883, 234 ; 1884, 252; 1885, 466; 1886, 254; 1887, 77 ; 1888, 150 ; 1889, 95 ; 1890, 449 * - on Peripatus, 1883, 543 - on the aid given by the Dominion Government and the Government of the United States to the encouragement of fisheries, and to the investigation of the various forms of marine life on the coasts and rivers of North America , 1885, 479 - on arrangements for assisting the Narine Biological Association Labora¬ tory at Plymouth , 1887, 59 ; 1888, 94; 1890, 444 - on the development of the oviduct and connected structures in certain fresh¬ water Teleostei , 1888, 338 ; 1889, 95 Sedimentary deposit of the Onny, an es¬ timate of the quantity of, by Rev. J. D. La Touche, 1869, 93 - deposits of the river Onny , report on the, 1870, 1 1 - materials , ordinary, report on the conditions under which they may be converted into metamorphic rocks, 1882, 239 - rocks, classification of the, Prof. T. McK. Hughes on the, 1875, 70 * - rocks, formation and stratification of, Dr. Ogier Ward on the, 1872, 123 - rocks of North Devon, some effects of pressure. on the, J. E. Marr on, 1887, 706 *Seebach (Dr. K. von) on the Diluvial and Alluvial deposits of Central Ger¬ many, 1862, 195 Seebohm (H.) on the natural history of Socotra and the adjacent highlands of Arabia and Somali Land, 1881, 194; 1882, 281 ; 1883, 227 * - remarks on physiological selection, an additional suggestion by G. J. Romanes on the origin of species, 1886,685 - on the flora and fauna of the Came- roons mountain, 1887, 73 Seed of malformed roots, James Buck- man’s experiments with, 1862, 97 Seeds, Dr. J. B. Nevins on the changes which occur in plants during the ripen¬ ing of the, 1871, 130 Seeds and fruits, Sir J. Lubbock on, 1879, 370 Seeley (H. Govier), on the Elsworth rock, and the clay above it, 1861, 132 - on a whittled bone from the Barn¬ well gravel, 1862, 94 - on a help to the identification of fossil bivalve shells, 1863, 87 - on the Pterodactyle as evidence of a new subclass of Vertebrata (Sau- rornia), 1864, 69 ; on the significance of the sequence of rocks and fossils, ib. ; on the significance of the septa and siphuncles of cephalopod shells, 100 *— — on some characters of the brain and skull in Plesiosaurus, 1866, 66 ; on the characters of Dolichosaurus, a lizard - like serpent of the Chalk, 67 ; on the carstone, ib. * - on the relations between extinct and living reptiles, and the present state of our knowledge of Pterodactyle, 1868, 78 ; on the classification of the Secondary strata of England, ib. * - on the occurrence of a British fossil, Zeuglodon, at Barton, Hants, 1872, 122 - on the mode of reproduction of cer¬ tain species of Ichthyosaurus from the Lias of England and Wurtemberg , 1880, 68 - on Simosaurus pusillus (Fraas), a step in the evolution of the Plesiosauria, 1881, 618; on a restoration of the skeleton of Archaeopteryx, with some remarks on the differences between the Berlin and London specimens, ib. - on the mode of development of the young in Plesiosaurus, 1887, 697 ; on the reputed clavicles and interclavicles of Iguanodon . 698 ; on Cumnoria, an iguanodont genus founded upon the Iguanodon prestwichi , Hulke, ib. ; the classification of the Dinosauria, ib. - discussion on coral reefs, 1888, 720 - on the origin of oolitic texture in limestone rocks, 1888, 674; on an Ichthyosaurus from Mombasa, East Africa, with observations on the ver¬ tebral characters of the genus, 677 - on the neural arch of the vertebra? in the Icthyosauria, 1890, 809 Seely’s (Mr. C., M.P.) and F. P. Fellows's new scheme for Admiralty estimates, F. P. Fellows on, 1868, 159 Seismograph, an improved, E. A. Cowper on, 1888, 818 Seismological work in Japan, Prof. J. Milne on, 1889, 492 Seismology, a contribution to, by J. Milne and T. Gray, 1881, 646 *Selache maxima, Prof. A. Macalister on the specimen of, lately caught at Innis- boftin, 1874, 137 GENERAL INDEX. 373 Selache maxima, the gill skeleton of, Prof. A. Macalister on, 1878, 600 Selaginella, note on the stomata and lignles of, by Prof. McNab, 1887, 743 Selenate of ammonium, the action of heat on the. Prof. E. W. Davy on, 1878, 509 Selenium and sulphur cells, the sensitive¬ ness of, to light, S. Bidwell on, 1885, 981 - and tellurium, the occurrence of, in Japan, Prof. E. Divers on, 1881, 586 - and tellurium, the occurrence of, in Japan, Prof. E. Divers and M. Shimose on, 1882, 487 Self-induction, coefficient of, in telegraph wires, W. H. Preece on the, 1887, 612 - induction, a variable standard of, Prof. J. Perry on, 1889, 512 Selkirk, C. Lapworth and J. Wilson on the Silurian rocks of the counties of Roxburgh and, 1871, 103 Selkirkshire, Prof. J. H. Balfour on the occurrence of Hieracium collinum (Fries) in, 1868, 89 Sellon (J. S.) on the method of mahing gold-assays, and of stating the results thereof, 1874, 127; 1875, 155 . (R. P.), electric light applied to night navigation upon the Suez Canal, 1888, 814 " - (T. S. P. W. D’A.), a few arguments in favour of light or road railways, 1888, 794 Selwyn (Dr. A. R. C.) on the glacial origin of lake basins, 1884, 721 - on the depth of the permanently frozen soil in the Polar regions , 1886, 271 ; 1887, 152 - (Capt.) on submarine telegraphy, 1864, 188 - on some new arrangements of the poles of magnets, 1865, 17 - (Rev. Prof.) on autographs of the sun, 1862, 17 Semipermeable membranes, the action of, in electrolysis, Prof. W. Ostwald on, 1890, 746 - the electrical behaviour of, Prof. W. Ostwald on, 1890, 331 ^Semites, the origin and primitive home of the, G-. Bertin on, 1881, 699 *Semper (Prof. Carl) on the normal and abnormal growth of Limnams, 1872, 156 Senehiera didyma, the inflorescence of, Prof. A. Dickson on, 1878, 569 Seneca Indians of North America, the, their present customs, legends, and language, J. W. Sanborn on, 1887, 910 ^Senegal, Gambia, and the Gold Coast, Commr. V. L. Cameron on, 1882, 623 Senior (George) on the diminution of accidents in coal-mines since the ap¬ pointment of Government inspectors, 1866, 133 Sensation, composition of, and notion of space, L. de la Rive on, 1888, 585 - J. D. Morell on the physical and physiological processes involved in, 1861, 168 Sense of colour among some of the lower animals, Sir J. Lubbock on the, 1881, 676 Senses, the cultivation of the, G. Harris on, 1881, 699 Sensibility, the differences of, between Europeans and Negroes, and the effects of education in increasing the sensi¬ bility of Negroes, Dr. R. W. Felkin on, 1889, 787 Sensitive flames, F. H. Marshall on a blowing-engine for supplying coal-gas under pressure for, 1874, 42 Septic organisms in living tissues, expe • riments on, by Dr. E. L. Moss, 1879, 416 * - organisms, the behaviour of the germs of, under changes of tempera¬ ture, a method of studying, Rev. Dr. Dallinger on, 1884, 785 Septum permeable to water and imper¬ meable to air, Prof. Sir W. Thomson on a, with practical applications to a navigational depth-gauge, 1880, 488 Sepulchral remains of Southern India, Sir Walter Elliot on the, 1868, 134 Sepulture in the Orkneys, G. Petrie on ancient modes of, 1871, 156 ^Sericulture, Mons. Bonhomme on, 1875, 206 ^Series hypergeometriques, Prof. Halphen sur les, 1881, 551 Series summation leading to an expres¬ sion for the theta function as a definite integral, J. W. L. Glaisher on a, 1876, 15 * - transformation of, Rev. S. Earn- shaw on a theorem relating to the, 1879, 291 ^Serpent of the ancients and the Arthu¬ rian apple, J. S. Phene on, 1876, 169 - A. W. Buckland on the, in connec¬ tion with primitive metallurgy, 1873, 140 - worship. J. S. Phene on an expedi¬ tion for the special investigation of the Hebrides and West Highlands in search of evidences of ancient, 1871, 158 - worship, C. S. Wake on the origin of, 1872, 198 Serpentine of Duporth, in St. Austell Bay, Cornwall, note on the, by J. H. Collins, 1877, 68 Serrated claw, the use of the, P. M. C. Kermode on, 1881, 670 Serrell (E. W.) on reinforcing elec- GENERAL INDEX. n <- a G t 4 trical contacts so as to increase their reliability, with example of application to reeling silk from the cocoon, 1887, 88 1 Serve ’ tube, W, B. Marshall on the, 1890, 950 Seton (George) on the illegitimacy of Banffshire, 1871, 214; on the expe¬ diency of recording still-births, 215 ; on certain cases of questioned legi¬ timacy under the operation of the Scottish Registration Act, 217 •Sette Communi, Le, Dr. Charnock on, a German colony near Vicenza, 1871, 148 Settle Cave Exploration, report on the Victoria Cave by TV. Boyd Dawkins and R. H. Tiddeman, 1872, 178 - Caves ( Victoria Cave), report on the exploration of the , 1873, 250; 1874, 133; 1875, 166; 1876,115; 1877,215; 1878, 377 ; Prof. G. Bush on the re¬ mains found therein, 1877, 217 *Severn,the tidal scour in the, C. Richard¬ son on, 1875, 250 * - tunnel, C. Richardson on the, 1875, 250 - tunnel, T. A. TValker on the, 1887, 865 - tunnel railway, J. C. Hawkshaw on the, 1884, 884 - - tunnel springs, W. L. Carpenter on water from the, 1878, 51 1 - watershed, the, J. W. TV. Bund on, 1888, 799 Sewage, ash-pit system of Manchester, Alderman R. Rumney on the, 1870, 224 - automatic pumping of, by high- pressure water, B. Latham on the, 1886, 810 - - a chemical method of treating, E. C. C. Stanford on, 1869, 76 * - chemical treatment of, experi¬ mental researches on the, by J. J. Coleman, 1876, 63 — — ^defecating, Maj.-Gen. H.Y. D. Scott on, and utilising the deposit for the preparation of lime and cement, 1872, 250 ; *and on the agricultural value of the lime compounds obtained by defe¬ cating, ib. * - difficulty, T. Curley on the, 1872, 242 - discharge of, in tidal rivers, H. Law on the, 1878, 695 * - disinfecting, a new method for, and recovering ammonia from it, J. B. Kinnear on, 1883, 474 * - fermentation of, TV. J. Cooper on a proposed method of preventing the, 1872, 73 - of Liverpool and the neighbourhood, J. N. Shoolbred on the, 1870, 228 - of manufacturing towns, TV. T. McGowen on the, 1873, 65 Sewage as manure, TV. Paul on the rela¬ tive value of clarified and unclarified, 1872, 247 - pollution of rivers by, Dr. Steven¬ son Macadam on the, 1864, 32 * - purification and utilisation, J. Banks on, 1876, 62 - purification of, P. Spence on a new mode for the, 1880, 534 - ^purifying towns from, J. H. Lloyd on, by dry eloaefe, 1861, 85 — — question, Dr. Hill on the sanitary and economical aspects of the, 1865, 31 - - of: Southport, I. Shone on the, 1883. 656 - treatment and utilisation of, report. on the, 1869, 313 ; 1870, 49 ; 1871, 166 ; 1872, 135 ; 1873, 413 ( abstract of pre- vio'iis reports , 1873, 438); 1874, 200; 1875, 65 ; 1876, 225 *— — treatment of. J. C. Melliss on the, 1875, 45 — — utilisation of, the extent to which existing works and practice militate against the profitable, J. B. Denton on, 1870, 212 - the utilisation of, D. Forbes on, with special reference to the phosphate process, 1870, 56 - ^utilisation of, Dr. H. Bird on the, 1864,24; *1865, 28 - utilisation of, TV. Gee on the mode adopted at the Bradford-on-Avon Union for the, 1864, 28 - - utilisation of town, T. D. Barry on the, 1869, 209 * - utilisation of. TV. C. Sillar on the, 1876, 68 - - and water contaminated with or¬ ganic matter, purification of, by elec¬ trolysis, TV. Webster on the, 1889, 745 Sewell (Rev. C.) on hindrances to the success of popular education, 1866, 133 - on certain remarkable earthworks at Wainfleet in Lincolnshire, 1870, 157 - (Rev. E.) on the drifts and boulders of the upper part of the valley of the Wharfe, Yorkshire, 1876, 95 - (J.) on the prevention of railway accidents, 1862, 186 - - (P.) on botanical gardens for ele¬ mentary schools, 1889, 648 *Sewer-trap, H. Masters on a, 1875, 250 Sewerage question, Dr. J. Hughes Ben¬ nett on the physiological aspect of the, 1864, 1 1 7 Sc ners, the air in, experiments on, 1870, 72 — - the air in, microscopical examina¬ tion of, 1870, 74 - in running sand, the construction of, Messrs. Reade and Goodison on, 1870, 222 Sex, heredity, and reproduction, P. Geddes on the theory of, 1886, 708 GENERAL INDEX. 375 Sex in the vegetable kingdom, G. S. Boulger on the evolution of, 1876, 142 Sexes, Dr. John Davy on the tempera¬ ture of the, 1864, 12 1 ^Sextant, T. Dobson on a new correction to be applied to observations made with Hadley’s, 1868, 8 - Capt. J. E. Davis on an improve¬ ment in the, 1873, 44 Sextants, the errors of, as indicated by the records of the veriti cation depart¬ ment of the Kew Observator}^ Rich- mond, Surrey, G. M. Whipple on, 1885, 936 *Seychelle Islands, Lieut.-Col. Lewis Pelly on the, 1865, 126 * - Prof. E. Perceval Wright on the flora and fauna of the, 1868, hi - Prof. E. Perceval Wright on the, 1868, 143 Shadows, the peculiar sunrise, of Adam's Peak in Ceylon, Hon. R. Abercromby on the, 1886, 528 — — - of plane curves on spheres, H. M. Jeffery on, 1875, 1 5 Siiadwell (J. L.), method of measuring changes in the value of gold, 1883, 626 Shaen (W.) on the practicability of adopt¬ ing a common measure of value in the assessment of direct taxation , 1876, 27 ; 1878, 220 - on the appointment of H.M. inspec¬ tors of elementary schools, 1880, 219 • - on the workings of the proposed re¬ vised New Code , and of other legislation affecting the teaching of science in ele¬ mentary schools, 1881, 148 ; 1882, 307 ; 1883, 309 — — - on the teaching of science in ele¬ mentary schools, 1884, 283 ; 1885, 692 ; 1886, 278 Shaffner (Colonel) on the Spitzbergen current, and active and extinct glaciers in South Greenland, 1861, 198 *Shakespear (Colonel) on the Shake- spear safety lamp, 1880, 699 Shallow-draught screw-steamers for the Nile expedition, J. I. Thornycroft on, 1885, 1193 Shannon drainage and navigation, J. Lynam on, 1874, 226; 1878, 699 - the improvement of the navigation, &c., of, J. Neville on, 1878, 691 *Shark, Rhinodon typicus, the largest known, Prof. E. Perceval Wright on, 1869, 1 18 Sharman (G.) and E.T. Newton on the geology of the Atlas ranges in the Empire of Morocco, 1889, 167 Sharp (D.), zoological bibliography of the Lesser Antilles, Caribbee Islands, or Windward and Leeward Islands, West Indies , 1888, 438 — — on the present state of our knowledge of the zoology o,nd botany of the West India Islands, and on the steps taken to investigate ascertained deficiencies in the fauna and fiora, 1889, 93 ; 1890, 447 *Sharp (Granville), description of Hong Kong, 1868, 141 — (Samuel) on a remarkable incrusta¬ tion in Northamptonshire, 1868, 78 - (Dr. W.) on the physiological action of medicines, 1866, 92 - experiments with drugs as a ques- tion of science, 1890, 859 Sharpey (Dr. W.), Address to the Biolo¬ gical Section, 1867, 74 ^Sharpness Docks, W. B. Clegram on, 1875, 245 Shaw (Dr. A.), the revenue system of the United States, 1888, 763 - (E.) and Prof. Hele Shaw, the sphere and roller mechanism for transmitting power, 1886, 484 - and Prof. Hele Shaw, the friction of metal coils, 1888, 540 — — - (G. B.), the transition to social democracy, 1888, 761 - (Prof. H. S. Hele) on a new elec¬ trical contact-maker, 1882, 465 - improved current meters and mode of taking sub-surface observations, 1883, 654 - - on certain practical applications of a new mechanical principle, 1884, 631 - the sphere and roller friction gear, 1885, 1193; *on Ashton’s new power meter, 1203 - on the endurance of metals under repeated and varying stresses, and the proper working stresses on railway bridges, 4'c., 1886, 284 ; 1887, 424 - a new sphere planimeter, 1888, 584, *821 - report on the development of graph ic methods in mechanical science , 1889, 322 - and E. Shaw, the sphere and roller mechanism for transmitting power, 1886, 484 - and E. Shaw, the friction of metal coils , 1888, 540 - and Rev. J. M. Wilson on a new integrating anemometer, 1881, 543 * - (James) on right-handedness, 1876, 169 ; *011 the mental progress of animals during the human period, ib. * - (John) on the distribution of mosses in Great Britain and Ireland, 1866, 79 - on some of the changes going on in the South African vegetation through the introduction of the merino sheep, 1873, 105 - (Prof. J. J.) on some economic fal¬ lacies of trades unionists, 1878, 675 - (R. B.) on the religious cairns of the Himalayan region, 1872, 194; on the 376 GENERAL INDEX. physical features of the Pamir and its Aryan inhabitants, 213 Shaw (W. N.) on standards for use in electrical measurements , 1886, 145 ; 1887, 206; 1888, 55; 1889, 41; 1890, 95 ; on electrolysis in its physical and chemical hearings , 1886, 308; 1887, 336; 1888,339; 1889, 223; 1890, 138 - — - on the verification of Faraday's lam of electrolysis with reference to silver and copper , 1886, 318 - - on the desirability of introducing a uniform nomenclature for the funda¬ mental units of mechanics, 1888, 2 7 - — — on some accurate charts of Kew corrections for mercury thermometers, 1888, 590 ; on an apparatus for deter¬ mining temperature by the variation of electrical resistance, i b. - - onthe present state of our knowledge in electrolysis and electro-chemistry , *1889, 510; 1890, 185 - on the theory of solution, 1890, 336 - on the general theory of ventilation, with some applications, 1890, 730 * — — (William Thomas) on the method of interpreting some of the phenomena of light, 1861, 33 Sheep, John Shaw on changes produced in South African vegetation by the introduction of merino, 1873, 105 Sheffield, the vital statistics of, T. W. Hime on, 1879, 488 Sheldon (Prof. J. P.), British and Cana¬ dian agriculture, 1881, S47 Shelfoed (WA 'on the control of rivers, 1878, 690 - - improvement of the access to the Mersey ports, 1887, 867 — - on the investigation of the action of naves and currents on the beds and foreshores of estuaries by means of work¬ ing models, 1889, 327 ; 1890, 512 - and A. H. Shield on some points for the consideration of English en¬ gineers with reference to the design of girder bridges, 1886, 472 Shell mounds and ossuaries of the Chop- tank river, Maryland, U.S.A., Chev. R. E. Reynolds on the, 1888, 845 - - work, American, and its affinities, Miss A. W. Buckland on, 1885, 1214 Shells, W. Pengelly on an accumulation of, with human industrial remains, found near the river Teign, in Devon¬ shire, 1864, 63 - C. J. Woodward on a deposit near Lilleshall, Salop, containing recent marine, 1865. 79 - fossil, J. Gw^yn Jeffreys on the oc¬ currence of certain, in the sea-bed adjoining the Channel Islands, 1865, 62 - fossil, H. C. Sorby on *.he cause of the difference in the state of preserva¬ tion of different kinds of, 1862, 95 Shells, H. G. Seeley on a help to the iden¬ tification of fossil bivalve, 1863, 87 - with heavy bursting charges fired obliquely, J. Whitworth on the pene¬ tration of armour-plates by, 1869, 222 Shenstone (W. A.) on the influence of the silent discharge of electricity on oxygen and other gases, 1886, 213 ; 1887r 42 ; 1889, 54; 1890, 338 - on the present methods of teaching chemistry, 1888, 73; 1889, 228; 1890, 265 - on some newT vacuum joints and taps, 1890, 729 — and J. T. Cundall on the prepara¬ tion a nd storage of oxygen gas in a pure state, 1886, 213 SnEPHEED (Prof.) on anatomical varia¬ tions : (1) par-occipital process occur¬ ring in man ; (2) secondary astragalus ; (3) persistence of the left duct of Cuvier in man, 1884, 77 9 Sheriff courts and relative judicial sta¬ tistics, F. Russell on, 1876, 208 Shetland Isles, Rev. Alfred Merle Nor¬ man on the Crustacea, Echinodermata, and Zoophytes obtained in 1861 in deep-sea dredging off the, 1861, 15 1 - seas, Rev. A. J/. Norman's pre¬ liminary report onthe Crustacea, Mol- luscoida, Echinodermata, and Ccelen- terala procured by dredging in the , 1867, 437 - J. Cwyn Jeffreys's report on dredg¬ ing on the coasts of, 1863, 70; 1864, 32 7 ; 1867, 441 - final dredging report, J. Grvyn Jeffreys on the Mollusca, 1868, 232 ; Rev. A. Merle Norman on the Crustacea , Arachnida, Tunicata, Polyzoa, Echino¬ dermata, Actinozoa, Hydrozoa, and Porifera, 247, 341 ; Dr. TP. C. McIntosh on the Annelids, 336; Edward Waller on the Foraminifera, 1867, 441 ; 1868, 340 - notice of dredging by the late H. P. C. Moller off Fair Isle between Orkney and, 1867, 93 - C. W. Peach on the fructification of Griffithsia coraUina, found in the West Voe, Outskerries, 1867, 96 - Islands, C. W. Peach on traces of Glacial Drift in the, 1864, 59 Shetlands, Dr. J. E. Gray on the new corals from the, 1864, 95 *Shettle (Dr.) on the causes of the cattle murrain, 1865, in Siiida (R.) on the number of electro¬ static units in the electro-magnetic unit, 1880, 497 Shield (A. H.) and W. Shelfoed on some points for the consideration of GENERAL INDEX. 377 English engineers with reference to the design of girder bridges , 1886, 472 Shields (F. W.) on iron construction, with remarks on the strength of iron columns and arches, 1861, 265 Shimose (M.) and Prof. E. Divers on the occurrence of tellurium and sele¬ nium in Japan, 1882, 487 Ship canal, John Ramsay on the proposal to form a, between East and West Loch Tarbert, 1861, 197 - canal between Ceylon and India, Commander A. D. Taylor on the pro¬ posed, 1871, 189 * - canal, L. B. Wells on the plant and machinery in use on the Manchester, 1888, 796 - - oscillations of a , among waves , C. W. Merri field on the, 1869, 33 * - railway across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico, Capt. J. B. Eads on the, 1881, 774 - rolling of a, in a seaway, W. Froude on an apparatus for automatically recording the, 1872, 243 Shipbuilding in II. M. dockyards, the cost of, F. P. Fellows on, 1886, 779 - of Dundee, Henry Gourlay on the, 1867, 137 * - on the Thames, John Glover on the decline of, 1869, 191 - - iron, R. Taylorson on the diagonal principle of, 1863, 189 Shipman engine, W. R. Pidgeon on the, 1888, 806 " Shipping and carrying trade, some in¬ fluences affecting the progress of our, Hyde Clarke on, 1882, 640 * - casualties, a brief statement of the recent progress and present aspect of statistical inquiry in relation to, by Henry Jeula, 1868, 168 Ship-raising machine, a new, T. A. Dillon on, 1878, 713 Ship’s compass, a self-registering, R. Pickwell on, 1883, 657 Ships, anti-fouling compositions and the corrosion and fouling of, M. Holzapfel on, 1889, 739 - armour-plated, Dr. Eddy on a class of gun-boats capable of engaging, 1861, 257 - armour-plating for, Captain Douglas Galton on, 1863, 173 * - boats, George Fawcus on the stowage of, 1867, 154; 1868, 189 * - bottoms, Dr. White on the preven¬ tion of fouling, 1863, 189 - for the carriage of petroleum, A. R. Liddell on, 1889, 738 - - instruments for measuring the speed of, report on, 1872, 176; 1873, 460; 1874, 255; 1878, 219; 1879, 210 ( see 1 Fletcher, A. E., on the Rhysimeter’) Ships, iron-cased, of the British navy, E. J. Reed on the, 1861, 232 - iron-plated, the importance of econ¬ omising fuel in, E. E. Allen on, 1862, 182 * - the loading of, W. E. Hall on, 1880, 699 - report of the Committee on the safety of merchant, and their passengers, 1868, 344 - performance of, analysed by Mr. Scott Bussell's method, 1868, 124; analysed by Prof. Banldne's method, 133 * - plated, and their armament, Capt. Wheatley on, 1864, 190 * - preservation of the sheathing of, J. C. Bowring on the, 1865, 28 - propulsion of, Charles W. Merrifield on the necessity for further experi¬ mental knowledge respecting the, 1868, 193 * - of least skin resistance, the propor¬ tions of, for a given speed and dis¬ placement, Prof. W. J. M. Rankine on, 1863, 192 - — — resistance of, W. J. M. Rankine on the, 1861, 263; Appendix, 264 resistance of, and their mean depth of immersion, Prof. W. J. Macquorn Rankine on a probable connection between the, 1868, 194 * - the resistance of, as affected by length of pai’allel middle body, W. Froude on, 1877, 202 * - rudders, a proposed new arrange¬ ment of, Capt. J. Steuart on, 1862, 196 - and shipbuilding on the Tyne, Wear, and Tees, Charles M. Palmer on the construction of iron, 1863, 694 - - - speed of, over the measured mile, Sir E. Belcher on testing the, 1867, 153 - stability, propulsion, and sea-going qualities of, and as to the application which it may be desirable to make to Her Majesty's Government on these subjects, report on the state of existing knowledge on the, 1869, 10; 1870, 44 - stability of, Prof. 0. Reynolds on the use of the term, in the literature of naval architecture, 1883, 631 - - steady platform for guns, search lights, telescopes, &c., in, B. Tower on a, 1889, 735 - - steam-, freight as affected by dif¬ ferences in the dynamic properties of, Charles Atherton on, 1861, 82 * - the steering of, in special relation to a new form of rudder, W. Fleming' on, 1872, 243 - — — the steering of, Prof. O. Reynolds on, 1880, 699 ( see ‘ Steering of screw steamers.’) - strains of, Prof. W. J. M. Rankine on some of the, 1864, 187 378 GENERAL INDEX. Ships, timber-built, Admiral Sir E. Bel¬ cher on a mode of rendering, impregn¬ able and unsinkable under moderate crew-power, as in leaky vessels, 1863, 171 - unsinkable, Charles Atherton on, 1862, 183 * — vertical motion of, J. I. Thornycroft on the, 1875, 252 - vertical wave-line, John Cory ton on, 1862, 184 - of war, George Redford on corru¬ gated armour of steel or iron for, 1863, 182 - of war, Admiral Sir E. Belcher on improvements in the defence of, 1864, 184 - of war, Capt. Wheatley on improve¬ ments in the defence of, 1864, 190 * - of war of moderate dimensions, M. Scott on, 1870, 228 * - of war, M. Scott on improved, 1871, 241 - wooden and iron, the merits of, with regard to cost of repairs and security for life, L. Williamson on, 1862, 187 — — zinc sheathing for, Samuel J. Mackie on, 1866, 146 Shirreff (Miss) on the national union for improving the education of women, 1872, 226 Shoddy trade, S. Jubb on the, 1873, 194 Shone (I.) on Southport sewage, 1883, 656 Shoolbred (J. N.) on the sewage of Liverpool and the neighbourhood, 1870, 228 - on instruments for measuring the speed of ships, 1874, 255; 1878, 219; 1879, 210 - on tides in the river Mersey, 1875, 161 - on tides in the Irish Sea, 1875, 250 - on the datum level of the Ordnance Surveys of Great Britain , 1877, 220 ; 1878, 219 ; 1879, 219 - on a more extended use of the Ordnance datum of Great Britain, 1877, 218 - on the phenomena of the stationary tides in the English Channel and the North Sea, and the value of tidal obser¬ vations in the North Atlantic Ocean, 1878,217; 1879, 71; 1880,390; 1881, 160 * - on the present state of electric light¬ ing, 1878, 706 - on recent advances in electric light¬ ing, 1879, 503 * - on the transmission of power by electricity, 1881, 779 ; on the relative value of incandescent electric lights, 780 - - on reducing and tabulating the tidal observations in the English Channel made with the Dover tide-gauge, and connecting them with observations made on the French coast, 1884, 37 ; 1885, 60 ; 1886, 151 Shoolbred (J. N.) on electric lighting at the Forth Bridge works, 1885, 879 Shooting stars. ( See ‘ Meteors, luminous ’) Shorawak valle}7, Major Campbell on the, 1879, 447 Shore (T. W.), on traces of ancient sun worship in Hampshire and Wiltshire, 1886, 843 - beds exposed in the Southampton new dock excavation, 1888, 672 ; Celtic earthworks in Hampshire, in reference to the density of the Celtic population, 852 - and E. Westlake on the Southamp¬ ton artesian well, 1882, 547 - (T. W., jun.) on the structure of the muscular tissue of the leech, 1882, 577 *Shoreham, J. P. Colbron on the drainage of, 1872, 242 Shorthand, I. Pitman on brief writing or, 1864, 169 *Shortt (Dr. J.) on some rude tribes supposed to be the aborigines of S. India, 1864, 147 * - on the habits and manners of the Marvar tribes of India, 1866, 97 *Shot, the friction of, as affected by dif¬ ferent kinds of rifling, Prof. 0. Rey¬ nolds on, 1873, 216 Shoulder bones and muscles, the com¬ parison of the, with the hip bones and muscles, Prof. G. M. Humphry on, 1870, 140 Showers (Lieut.-Col.) on the Meenas, a wild tribe of Central India, 1864, 147 Shropshire picrite, W. W. Watts on a, 1887, 700 - and South Staffordshire Coal-fields, John Randall on the denudation of the, 1869, 100 - Western, the mineral district of, C. J. Woodward on, 1886, 665 Shuttlewortli (John), some account of the Manchester gas-works, 1861, 240 *Siam, J. McCarthy on, 1887, 804 Siberia, did the great rivers of, flow south¬ wards and not northwards in the mam¬ moth age ? By H. H. Howorth, 1889, 591 - the mammoth in, H. H. Howorth on, 1878, 571 — — Alex. Micliie's notes on, 1864, 145 * — - — the resources of, and the practica¬ bility of the Northern Sea route, R. Sulivan on, 1889, 668 - via the Amur and the Ussuri, Rev. H. Lansdell on a journey through, 1880,656 - western, Dr. O. Finscli on the Ger¬ man expedition to, 1877, 146 GENERAL INDEX. 379 Sibley (W. K.) on left-leggedness, 1889, 776 - on the incubation of snakes’ eggs, 1890, 860 *Sibson (Dr.F.) on the movements, struc¬ ture, and sounds of the heart, 1866, 93 Sicilies, the Two, the volcanoes of, Dr. T. Anderson on, 1888, 663 Sicily and Calabria, newer Tertiary fossils in, J. Gwvn Jeffreys on, 1870, 76 Sidgwick (Prof. H.), Address to the Section of Economic Science and Sta¬ tistics, 1885, 1141 - on the regulation of wages by means of sliding scales , 1886, 282 • - on the economic exceptions to laisser faire , 1886, 764 - on the best methods of ascertaining and measuring variations in the valve of the monetary standard , 1887, 247 ; 1888, 181 ; 1889, 133; 1890, 485 - on the regulation of wages by means of lists in the cotton industry , 1887, 303 — an analysis of the current concep¬ tion of State socialism, 1888, 760 - on the statistical data available for determining the amount of the 'precious metals in use as money , Jjw., 1889, 164; 1890, 498 Siebold (L.), a new method of alkali¬ metry, 1878, 509 Siemens (C. W.) on an electric resistance thermometer for observing tempera¬ tures at inaccessible situations, 1861, 44 ; on a bathometer, or instrument to indicate the depth of the sea on board ship without submerging a line, 73 ; on a system of telegraphic communi¬ cation adopted in Berlin in case of fires, 264 - on the adoption of a common unit in measurement of electrical resistance , 1862, 152 - report on standards of electrical re¬ sistance, 1863, m; 1864, 345; 1865, 308; 1867,474; 1869,434; 1870,14 - on the electrical resistance and elec¬ trification of some insulating materials under pressure up to 300 atmospheres, 1863, 688 * - on regenerative gas-furnaces as ap¬ plied to iron-works, 1863, 192 — — on a uniformity of weights and mea¬ sures, 1865, 375 ; 1866, 352 ; 1867, 468 ; 1868, 484 ; 1869, 308 ; 1870, 232 ; 1871,. 198; 1872, 25 ; 1874, 359 - on the outer covering of deep-sea cables, 1865, 187 - on the induction-spark apparatus for illuminating beacons and buoys used in the first experiments made for the Northern Lights Board, 1867, 14 - — on an electrical resistance-measurer , 1867, 479 Siemens (C. W.) on puddling iron, 1868,58 * - on the electrical conductivity of platinum as affected by the progress of manufacture, 1868, 20 - Address to the Mechanical Section, 1869, 200 - on the steam-blast, 1871, 240 - on dynamical and electrical units , 1873, 222 ; 1874, 255 - on his pyrometer , 1874, 242 ; on in¬ struments for measuring the speed of ships, 1874, 255 ; 1878, 219 ; 1879, 210 *■ - description of the bathometer, 1876, 3i - on the elasticity of wires, 1878, 103 ; 1879, 33 ; 1880, 61 ' - on patent legislation, 1878, 157; 1879,223; 1880, 318; 1881,222; 1882, 310; 1883, 316 - on the use of steel for structural pur¬ poses, 1878, 157 - on the measurement of the lunar dis¬ turbance of gravity , 1880, 25; 1881, 93 ; 1882, 95 - on some applications of electric energy to horticultural and agricultural purposes, 1881, 474 * - on an early attempt at a secondary battery, 1881, 554 - Presidential Address at Southamp¬ ton, 1882, 1 - on the determination of a gauge for the manufacture of various small screws, 1882, 311 ; 1883, 318 * - suggestions regarding the exten¬ sion of the practical system of units, 1882, 464 - [Sir W.] on standards for use in electrical measurements, 1883, 41 - on the dependence of total radiation on temperature, 1883, 425 - and Prof. A. K. Huntington on the electric furnace, 1882, 496 Siemens's electrical-resistance pyrometer, report of the Committee on, 1872, 134; 1874, 242 - regenerative gas-furnaces and pro¬ ducers, S. N. F. Cox on, 1865, 177 Siemens (F.) on rolling seamless tubes from solid bars or ingots by the Mannes- mann process, 1888, 804 Sigillarice, J. W. Salter on the nature of, 1861, 131 - - the botanical affinities of the Car¬ boniferous, Prof. W. C. Williamson on, 1879, 346 Signal-wires of railways, G. W. Benyon on compensating apparatus for distant, 1874, 220 Signals, audible, for railways, Messrs. Crichton and Craig on a system of, 1875, 245 - - fog. Rev. Dr. T. R. Robinson on, 1862, 105 380 GENERAL INDEX. ♦Signals, recording the movements of points and, W. Smith on a means of, 1875, 252 Silesia, Upper, Prof. F. Roemer on a fossil spider lately discovered in the Coal-Measures of, 1865, 73 ♦Silica cells, artificial, experiments on the formation and growth of, by Prof. Cohn, 1876, 146 - in an igneous rock , an accurate and, rapid method of estimating the , J. H. Player on , 1886, 471 - various kinds of, and artificial stone, Rev. H. Highton on, 1870, 60 ♦Silicates, aluminous, Dr. Sullivan on the precipitation of, from solution, 1864, 42 ♦ - constitution of some, Prof. Scha- farik on the, 1873, 66 - formation of, through sublimation, G. vom Rath on a remarkable block of lava ejected by Vesuvius at the great eruption of April 1872, which proves the, 1872, 120 - the natural, the chemistry of, Prof. T. Sterry Hunt on, 1884, 679 - - some natural, the chemical structure of, F. W. Clarke on, 1887, 650 Silicified forest, Prof. H. A. Nicholson on a, in the Rocky Mountains, with an account of a supposed fossil chip, 1872, 192 - wood from the Rocky Mountains, Prof. H. A. Nicholson and W. H. Ellis on a remarkable fragment of, 1874, 88 Silicious organic remains in the lacus¬ trine deposits of the province of Nova Scotia, Canada, a preliminary examina¬ tion of the, by A. H. Mackay, 1884, 742 - sandstones, the cementation of, Rev. A. Irving on, 1883, 504 — — ■ skeletons, the replacement of, by carbonate of lime, W. J. Sollas on, 1879, 350 - and other hot springs in the volcanic district of the North Island of New Zealand, W. Lant Carpenter on, 1881, 580 Silicon in cast iron, T. Turner on, 1886, 595 - the influence of, on the properties of iron and steel, T. Turner on, 1886, 597 - - the influence of, on the properties of steel, report on, 1887, 43 ; 1888, 69 ; 1889, 267 ; 1890, 262 - compounds, W. B. Hart on some organo-, 1887, 661 — —compounds, some new, Prof. J. E. Reynolds on, 1888, 640 — — and iron, alloys of, R. A. Had field on, 1889, 267 ♦Silk industry, the, T. Wardle on some important statistics relating to, 1887, 852 ♦Silkworm, Mrs. B. Neill on the acclima¬ tisation of the, 1875, 218 - the secretion of silk by the, Prof. G. Gilson on, 1889, 628 * - and moth, the Muga (Anther cea assama), of Assam, and other Indian silk-producing species, T. Wardle on, 1887, 770 ♦Sillar (W. C.) on the utilisation of sewage, 1876, 68 Siluria, Rev. W. S. Symonds on some ancient drifts and old river beds of, 1865, 74 Silurian in north-east Montgomeryshire, the strata forming the base of the, J. B. Morgan on, 1890, 816 - lower felsites, the, of the south-east of Ireland, Dr. F. H. Hatch on, 1889, 568 - formations of the centre of Belgium, Prof. C. Malaise on the, 1870, 78 * - rocks of Ireland, W. H. Baily on the fossils of the, 1861, 108 - rocks of the Isle of Man, Prof. Harkness and H. Nicholson on the, 1865, 58 - rocks of the south-east of Cumber¬ land and the north-east of Westmore¬ land, Prof. Harkness on the Lower, 1864, 53 - rocks and fossils of Dudley, C. Ketley on the, 1865, 63 - rocks, spheroidal structure in, Rev. J. D. La Touche on, 1869, 95 - rocks of the counties of Roxburgh and Selkirk, C. Lapworth and J. Wilson on the, 1871, 103 - rocks of the south of Scotland, D. J. Brown on the, 1871, 93 - rocks, Upper, of the Pentland Hills and Lesmahago, D. J. Brown on the, 1871, 93 - - rocks, Prof. J. Hall on the relations of the Middle and Upper, of the United States, 1872, 103 - rocks, H. Hicks on the Cambrian and, of Ramsey Island, St. David’s, 1872, 107 - rocks, H. Hicks on some areas where the Cambrian and, occur as conform¬ able series, 1875, 69 * - rocks in Teesdale, the finding of, VV. Gunn on, 1877, 71 - rocks of North Wales, Prof. T. McK. Hughes on the, 1886, 663 - rocks, Upper, of Lesmahagow, Dr. R. Slimon on the, 1876, 96 * - rocks, of Ohio, E. W. Claypole on a fossil tree from the Upper, 1879, 343 * - rocks in Roxburgh and Dumfries¬ shire, C. Lapworth on the discovery of Upper, 1870, 78 - schist, Dr. R. N. Rubidge on the re¬ lations of the, -with the quartzose rocks of S. Africa, 1864, 66 GENERAL INDEX. 381 Silurian series of the North of England, Prof. H. A. Nicholson and C. Lapworth on the central group of the, 1875, 78 - strata in Red River Valley, Mani¬ toba, gleanings from outcrops of, J. H. Panton on, 1884, 715 ♦Silva (R. D.) on the action of I13 driodic acid on mixed ethers of the general formula CnH2)l+i + 0 . CH3, 1876, 68 ♦ - on the synthesis of diphenyl propyl, 1879, 293 ♦Silver (Messrs.) on telegraphic wires, 1861, 269 Silver, the causes affecting the reduction in the cost of producing, Hyde Clarke on, 1886, 767 - the depreciation of, and a gold standard for India, S. Mason on, 1876, 207 - depreciation of, in India, Dr. W. N. Hancock on the importance of extend¬ ing the British gold standard to India, as a remedy for the inconvenience of a rapid, 1876, 198 - dilemma, J. Matheson, iun. on the, 1876, 207 - fall in the gold price of, L. C. Pro- byn on the effects on Indian exports of the, 1888, 768 - question, the, and the double versus the single standard, W. Westgarth on, 1881, 759 - chloride, the effects of the spectrum on, Capt. Abney on, 1881, 594 ■ - coinage, British, W. C. Roberts on the molecular arrangement of the alloy of silver and copper employed for the, 1871, 80 ■ - crystals of, J. H. Gladstone on, 1871, 71 ♦ - extraction of, from sea-water by means of electricity, J. C. Bowring on the, 1865, 28 - extraction of, J. A. Phillips on Claudet’s process for the, 1870, 61 - filiform native, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on, 1872, 75 ♦ — — horn, W. C. Roberts on, 1873, 66 — — - the mobility of, in molten lead, Prof. W. C. Roberts on, 1883, 464 - - nitrate of, J. H. Gladstone and A. Tribe on the corrosion of copper plates by, 1871, 29 ♦ - nitrite of, J. W. Gatehouse on, 1875, 43 - precipitation of, by copper, A. Tribe on the, 1872, 84 - a new process for separating, from copper contained in copper ores and reguluses, W. Henderson on, 1880, 546 - the quantity of deposit of, produced by the development on a photographic plate, in terms of the intensity of light acting, Capt. Abney on, 1889, 493 Silver and mercury, separation of lead, T. Fairley on the, 1875, 42 - sulphate, note by P. Braham on, 1880, 550 - and gold : their geological distribu¬ tion and their probable future produc¬ tion, W. Topley on, 1887, 510 Sim (Col. E. C.) on the erosion of the South-eastern coast of England , 1885, 410 ; from Beachy Headto Hastings, 437 * - (Dr. Robert) on certain quartz- nodules occurring in the Crystalline Schists, near Killin, Perthshire, 1872, 122 * Sim,’ Dr. Charnock on the Gipsy dialect called, 1872, 177 ♦Simms (Dr.) on the physiognomy of the ear, 1875, 178 Simons (W.) on an elevating steam ferry, 1876, 233 Simosaurus pusillus (Fraas),a step in the evolution of the Plesiosauria, Prof. H. G. Seeley on, 1881, 618 ♦Simpson (Prof. Maxwell) on the chlor- bromides and bromiodides of the oleo- fines, 1874, 67 - Address to the Chemical Section, 1878, 501 - and Dr. A. Gautier on a compound formed by the direct union of aldehyde and anhydrous prussic acid, 1867, 40 ; on the formation of succinic acid from chloride of ethylidene, 42 - (W.) on the Jellalabad region, 1879, 443 Simson (A.), notes on the Zaparos, 1877, 12 1 ; from Guayaquil to the Napo by the Upper Patassa route, 148 ; on the ascent of the River Putumayo, South America, *1876, 184; 1887,149 Sinai, Rev. F. W. Holland on the penin¬ sula of, and its geographical bearings on the history of theExodus, 1868, 135 * - the supposed true site of, Major- Gen. Sir J. E. Alexander on, 1877, 141 - Dr. C. T. Beke on the true position and physical characters of, 1873, 161 Sinaitic Peninsula, Rev. F. W. Holland on the geology of parts of the, 1865, 62 ♦Sinclair (R. W.), recent additions to the list of Irish Lepidoptera, 1878, 572 Sind, Sir Bartle Frere on the Runn of Cutch and the countries between Raj- pootana and, 1869, 163 ♦Singular solutions, Prof. H. J. S. Smith, on, 1875, 21 - of differential equations of the first order which represents lines at infinity, Prof. P. Mansion on the, 1875, 19 Siphons, self-acting intermittent, and the conditions which ( et ermine the com¬ mencement of ti eir action, B. Field on, 1879, 223 382 GENERAL INDEX. Siren, W. Ladd on a new form of, 1863, 14 SlRET (H. and L.) on the early Ages of Metal in South-east Spain, 1887, 905 Sissons (W.) on a patent steam pile- driver, 1865, 190 - on tidal observations, 1868, 489; 1870, 120 Sivatherium giganteum, Dr. James Murie on the systematic position of, 1871, 108 Siwalik and Pikermi vertebrate and in¬ vertebrate faunas, the geological age and relations of the, W. T. Blanford on, 1880, 577 *Skaptor district of Iceland, Dr. T. Ander¬ son and Dr. H. J. Johnston-Lavis on a visit to the, 1890, 897 Skeleton of a woman set. 104, Dr. G. M. Humphry on the, 1865, 107 - - of the red rocks, near Mentone, M. Moggridge on the, 1872, 190 - - Dr. Cleland on ribs and transverse processes with special relation to the theory of the vertebrate, 1862, 105 *Skertchly (S. B. J.) on experiments on evaporation and temperature made at Wisbeach, 1873, 44 - on evidence of the existence of Palaeolithic man during the Glacial period in East Anglia, 1879, *347, 379 ; on a new estimate of the date of the Neolithic age, 380 ; on the survival of the Neolithic period at Brandon, Suf¬ folk, 400 . - on the occurrence of stone mortars in the ancient (Pliocene ?) river-gravels of Butte Co. California, 1887, 907 - on fire-making in North Borneo, 1889, 795 ; *on some Borneo traps, ib. *Skew surface of the third order, note on the, by Prof. H. J. S. Smith, 1880, 482 Skiddaw slate series, Prof. R. Harkness on the, 1862, 72 - slates, Prof. It. Harkness on the fossils of the, 1863, 69 - slates, Dr. H. A. Nicholson on the Graptolites of the, 1867, 71 - slates, dynamic metamorphism of, J. E. Marr on, 1889, 568 Skin, the natural colour of the, in certain Oriental races, observations by Dr. J. Beddoe on, 1889, 787 - some new researches on the ana¬ tomy of the, Dr. Martynon, 1875, 169 *Skull from the Loess of Podbaba, near Prague, and a skull found in alluvium at Kankakee, Illinois, along with a tooth of the Mastodon , Dr. D. Wilson on a, 1884, 917 - W. Turner on the anatomical cha¬ racters of the, found by Mr. Duck¬ worth, 1863, 147 - in birds, reptiles, and fishes, Dr. G. M. Humphry on the homologies of the lower jaw, and the bones connecting it with the, 1865, 87 Skull, a human, found near Southport, Dr. W. G. Barron on, 1883, 562 - human, found near York, E. Allen on a remarkable, 1881, 704 - - human, Dr. John Cleland on the varieties of form of the, 1861. 164 * - a hydrocephalic, Prof. Cleland on. and on the duplicity of the temporal ridge, 1876, 149 - the Neanderthal, Prof. King on, 1863, 81 - scaphocephalic, W. Turner on the, 1863, 124 551 - Sooloo, Prof. Cleland on a, 1876, 165 - sutures, Robert Garner on the, in connection with the superficies of the brain, 1862, 126 - - the vertebrate, the structure and development of, G. T. Bettany on, 1877, 106 Skulls, ancient British, Dr. J. Thurnam on obliteration of the sutures in one class of, 1864, 128 * - from the Andaman Islands, Dr. Allen Thomson on two, 1876, 169 * - Bosjes, Dr. Knox on, 1876, 166 - human, Prof. Huxley on two ex¬ treme forms of, 1866, 96 - from round barrows in Dorsetshire, C. C. Blake on, 1866, 94 - obtained in Canon Greenwell’s ex¬ cavations, Prof. G. Rolleston on, 1872, 193 - a new method of comparing the forms of, W. S. Duncan on, 1883, 570 - of natives in the Indian archipelago, C. Carter Blake on a Condylus tertius, occasionally observed in the, 1866, 94 * - presenting sagittal synostosis, Prof. John Struthers on, 1871, 160 - simious, Dr. C. Carter Blake on, 1865, 114 * — from tombs in Assouan, W. S. Mel- some on 108, 1887, 900 Sky light and sun light at high altitudes, Capt. W. de W. Abney on. 1882, 459 Skye, Prof. M. A. Lawson on the flora of, i 868, 103 *Skyring Water, Straits of Magellan, a visit to, R. W. Coppinger on, 1880, 665 Sladen (Major) on trade-routes between Burmah and China, 187 L, 189 - (W. P.) on the occupation of a table at the zoological station at Naples, 1879, 167 ; 1880,' 161 ; 1881, 178 ; 1882, 288 ; 1883, 234; 1884, 252 ; 1885, 466 ; 1886, 254; 1887, 77; 1888, 150; 1889, 95; 1890, 449 - on the Scottish zoological station , 1881, 177; 1882,282; 1883,233 - on arrangements for assisting the GENERAL INDEX. 383 Marhie Biological Association Labora¬ tory at Plymouth , 1887, 59 ; 1888, 94 Slag, Dr. B. H. Paul on useful applica¬ tions of, from iron-smelting, 1864, 37 - - Frederick George Finch on the utilisation of blast-furnace, 1866, 29 Slate, models illustrating contortions in mica-schist and, H. C. Sorby on, 1863, 88 - quarries, A. W. Darbishire on the working of, 1883, 658 * - veins of Festiniog, S. Jenkins on the noted, 1868, 70 Slates and limestones of Devon and Cornwall, W. Pengelly on the correla¬ tion of the, with the Old Red Sand¬ stones of Scotland, &c., 1862, 85 *Slatter (Rev. J.) on the dietary of the agricultural poor, 1864, 19 1 Slaty cleavage and allied rock- structures , Alfred Harker on, with special refer¬ ence to the mechanical theories of their origin, 1885, 813 Slavery and the slave trade, Rev. A. Busacott on the present extent of, 1876, 196 Slavonian, Celt, and German, the words, their misinterpretation, and its results, Dr. R. G. Latham on, 1883, 567 ^Slavonic countries of Austria and Tur¬ key in Europe, Miss Muir Mackenzie on her journeys in the south, 1864, 145 Sleep, Dr. Kidd on the physiology of, and of chloroform anaesthesia, 1869, 125 *Slickensides, W. Carruthers on, 1869, 86 * - or rubbed, polished, or striated rocks, Dr. Ogier Ward on, 1872, 123 Slide-rule. J. D. Everett on a new pro¬ portion-table, equivalent to a sliding- rule 13 ft. 4 in. long, 1866, 2 . - or calculating apparatus, cylindrical, E. Thacher on a, 1884, 656 Slide-valves, J. R. Napier and Prof. W. J. M. Rankine on the use of movable seats for, 1867, 156 Sliding coefficient for a fluid in contact rvith a solid, the existence of a, Prof. H. Lamb on, 1887, 495 - — — scales in the coal industry. Prof. J. E. C. Munro on, 1885, 1173 ■ - the regulation of mages by means of, report on, 1886, 282 — - and hours of labour in the Northumberland coal industry, R. Young on, 1886, 775 - and economic theory, the rela¬ tions between, L. L. Price on, 1888, 523 Slieve Croob, co. Down, Prof. Hull and W. A. Traill on the relative ages of the granitic, plutonic, and volcanic rocks of the Mourne Mountains and, 1871, 101 - Gullion, the ancient volcanic dis¬ trict of, J. Nolan on, 1878, 527 Sligo, A. B. Wynne on the geology of a part of, 1862, 96 *Slimon (Dr. R.) on the Upper Silurian rocks of Lesmahagow, 1876, 96 * - exhibition of his collection of Crustacea, 1867, 72 Sloan (A. D.) on the occupation of the table at the zoological station at Naples, 1888, 153 Sluice, W. Thorold on the failure of the, in fens, 1862, 186 Sluices for rivers, &c., the construction of, F. G. M. Stone}7 on, 1890, 954 Small (W.), anomalies in the condition of Scotch miners in contrast with other unskilled labourers, 1885, 1174 Smart (Bath C.) on the English gipsies and their dialect, 1861, 199 *Smell, the brain mechanism of, Dr. A. Hill on, 1881, 754 * - the sense of, Prof. Haycraft on, 1886, 711 *Smith (Anderson) on sodium, 1876, 68 - (Archibald) on the effect produced on the deviation of the compass by the length and arrangement of the com¬ pass needles, and on a new mode of correcting the quadrantal deviation, 1861, 45 - report on the three reports of the Liverpool compass committee and other recent publications on the same subject , 1862, 87 ; report on the adequacy of ex¬ isting data for carrying into effect the suggestion of Gauss, to apply his general theory of terrestrial magnetism to the magnetic variations, 170 - (Dr. A. L.) on the ventilation of ocean steamships, 1884, 895 * - (B.) on warming, lighting, and ventilating the Birmingham Town Hall, 1865, 190 * - (C.), exhibition of an Orthopterous insect, 1870, 86 - (Prof. C. M.) on atmospheric elec¬ tricity, *1882, 476; 1885, 899 - notes on atmospheric electricity and the use of Sir William Thomson’s port¬ able electrometer in the tropics, 1889, 507 ; on the Bandaisan eruption, Japan, July 1888, 564 - (D.) on the meteorology of Birming¬ ham, 1865, 19 - (Dr. Edward), report on the action of prison diet and discipline on the bodily functions of prisoners, Part 1, 1861, 44 - on the influence of the season of the year on the human system, 1861, 175 - - on tobacco-smoking : its effects upon pulsation, 1862, 135; on the pre¬ valence of numerous conditions affect¬ ing the constitution in 1,000 consump¬ tive persons, 174 384 GENERAL INDEX. Smith (Dr. Edward), abstract of report by the Indian Government on the food used by the free and jail populations of India , 1863, 176 - - - on the dietaries of the labouring classes, 1863, 123 ; on the dietary of the Lancashire operatives, ib. - Address to the Sub-section of Ana¬ tomy and Physiology, 1864, 101 ; on the best method of estimating the nutritive value of foods and dietaries, 128 - *on the combination of food in the meals of the labouring classes, 1864, 19 1 ; *nutritive elements in the dietary of the labouring classes, ib. - on the dietaries in the workhouses of England and Wales, 1871, 141 * - on the economic and nutritive value of the three principal preserved foods, viz. preserved milk, preserved meat, and Liebig’s extract of meat, 1872, 227 * - (Major E.) on the Livingstone East-coast aid expedition, 1873, 173; *on the trade of the East-African coast, ib. - (Mrs. E. A.), remarks on the cus¬ toms and language of the Iroquois, 1884, 914 - (Dr. George) on Indian statistics and official reports, 1871, 220 - - (Rev. Gilbert N.) on flint implements in a cave called ‘ The Oyle,’ near Tenby, South Wales. 1862, 95 - (G. V.), preliminary note on the further discovery of vertebrate foot¬ prints in the Penrith sandstone, 1883, 5io - (Prof. H. J. Stephen), report on the theory of numbers, 1861, 292 ; 1862, 503 ; 1863, 768 ; 1865, 322 * - on a property of surfaces of the second order, 1866, 6; *on the large prime number calculated by Mr. Barratt Davis, ib. * - on a construction for the ninth cubic point, 1868, 10 ; *on geometrical constructions involving imaginary data, ib. ; *on a property of the Hessian of a cubic surface, ib. * - on the circular transformation of Mobius, 1872, 24 - on mathematical tables, 1873, 1 ; 1875, 305 ; 1878, 172 ; 1879, 46 ; 1880, 30 ; 1881, 303 ; on instruction in ele¬ mentary geometry, 1873, 459 ; 1876, 8 - Address to the Mathematical and Physical Section, 1873, 1 ; * on modu¬ lar equations, 24 - on the teaching of physics in schools, 1874,71 * - on singular solutions, 1875, 21 ; *on the effect of quadric transformation on the singular points of a curve, ib. ; *on continued fractions, ib. *Smith (Prof. H. J. Stephen) on the mo¬ dular curves, 1878, 463 ; *on quadric transformation, 465 - *on inverse figures in geometry, 1880, 476 ; *on a mathematical solu¬ tion of a logical problem, ib. ; *on the distribution of circles on a sphere, ib. ; *note on the skew surface of the third order, 482 ; *on a kind of periodicity presented by some elliptic functions, ib. - *on the differential equations satis¬ fied by the modular equations, 1881, 535 ; *on the equation of the multiplier in the theory of elliptic transforma¬ tion, 538 ; *on a linear relation between two quadratic surds, ib. ; *on a pro¬ perty of a small geodesic triangle on any surface, 548 - on the proposed publication by the Meteorological Society of the Mauritius of daily synoptic charts of the Indian Ocean from the year 1861*, 1882, 38 - (H. LI.) on modern changes in the mobility of labour, 1890, 927 - (H. W.) and Prof. H. B. Dixon on the incompleteness of combustion in explosions, 1888, 632 - (Dr. J.) on certain difficulties in the way of separating gold from quartz, 1861, 92 * - (James) on mechanical stoking, 1870, 229 - (John) on the chromascope, and what it reveals, 1861, 33 ; on the prism and the chromascope, ib. - on the complementary spectrum, 1862, 23 * - (Dr. J. A.), exhibition of the skull of an elk found in Berwickshire, 1871, 134 - (J. P.) on agricultural machinery , 1869, 404 - (M. H.) on electric tramways, 18S3, 652 ; *1884, 893 f - on the Blackpool electric tramway, 1886, 810 - and J. Williams on the action of nitrous gases upon amyl alcohol, 1885, 992 - (Dr. Protheroe) on the preservation and prolongation of life to 100 years, 1885, 1079 - (Dr. P. H.) ( see Pye-Smith, Dr. P. H.) - - (Dr. R. Angus), report on the recent progress and present condition of manu¬ facturing chemistry in the South Lan¬ cashire district, 1861, 10S - - on a method of estimating carbonic acid in the air, 1865, 35 - on the absorption of gases by char¬ coal, 1868, 44 GENERAL INDEX. 385 Smith (Dr. R. Angus) on the treatment and utilisation of sewage, 1869, 313 *■ - (R. F.) on the gaseous products of the destructive distillation of hydro¬ carbons obtained from shales and coals at low and high temperatures, 1867, 43 - (Prof. R. H.) on the development of graphic methods in mechanical science, 1889, 322 - (V.) on the Canadian Pacific rail¬ way, 1884, 885 - (Watson), methods for coking coal and recovering the bye-products, 1883, 465 * - on the constituents of the light oils of blast furnace coal tar from Gartsherrie works, 1887, 640 - (Dr. Wilberforce), stethographic tracings of male and female respiratory movements, 1890, 98 1 ; diagrams for reading off indices, 982 - (William), report on steamship per¬ formance, 1861, 190; 1862, 282; 1863, 339 - on portable machinery or apparatus for riveting, chipping, &c., 1863, 184; on a novel arrangement of direct- acting steam-engines, 186; on a novel method of covering boilers, pipes, and cylinders of steam-engines for prevent¬ ing the radiation of heat, 187; on an improved valve and apparatus for atmospheric railways, 18S - on a uniformity of weights and measures , 1868, 484 ; 1869, 308 ; 1870, 232 ; 1871, 198 - on agricultural machinery , 1869, 404 - on an improved vertical annular high-pressure steam-boiler, 1869, 219 - on tidal observations, 1870, 120 - on instruments for measuring the speed of ships, 1874, 255 - on the prevention of railway acci¬ dents and automatically recording the movements of the points and signals and other apparatus of railways, 1874, 229 - on A. S. Hallidie’s wire rope traction-railway, 1875, 252 ; *on a means of recording the movements of points and signals, ib. ; *on a breech¬ loading mountain gun, ib ; *on a military bidon, ib. '* - (W.)on the progress and extermina¬ tion of the cattle plague in Norfolk, 1868, 1 77 - (W.) on the lighthouse system of Canada, 1884, 891 * - (W.) on the movement of sand in Aberdeen Bay, 1885, 1193 - - (Worthington) on the ‘ Laughton r or 1 Cowper's ’ Camp, 1883, 243 - (W. R.) and T. M. Lindsay on Democritus and Lucretius, a question of priority in the kinetical theory of matter, 1871, 30 Smith (Dr. W. W.) on the early failure of pairs of grinding teeth, 1889, 771 - ’s (Mr. Leigh) voyages to Spitz- bergen, Lieut. H. Chermside on, 1874, 171 Smithells (Prof. A.), suggested amend¬ ment of chemical nomenclature, 1887, 652 - on the present methods of teaching chemistry, 1888, 73 ; 1889, 228 ; 1890, 265 - the teaching of chemistry in public elementary schools, 1889, 251 Smithsonian Institution, P. P. Carpenter on the cosmopolitan operations of the, 1861, 137 * - in the United States of America, the, and its work relating to anthro¬ pology, Dr. T. Wilson on, 1889, 7S5 *Smoke in large towns, W. R. E. Coles on the abatement of, 1881, 780 Smyth (Prof. C. Piazzi) on the changing colour of the star 95 Herculis, 1863, 10 ; on a proof of the dioptric and actinic quality of the atmosphere at a high elevation, 25 * - on the Newcastle time gun, 1863,- 191 *— — - exhibition of photographs of the interior of the Great Pyramid, taken with the magnesium light by, 1865, 40 - on Malvern, queen of inland health resorts, and on improved hygrometric observations, 1885, 922 - - - re-examination of the spectra of 23 gas-vacuum, end-on tubes, after six to ten years of existence and use, 1889, 490; hvgrometry in the ‘ Meteorological Journal,’ 508 - photographs of the invisible, in solar spectroscopy, 1890, 750 - and Prof. A. S. Herschel on the use of bisulphide of carbon prisms for cases of extreme spectroscopic disper¬ sion and their results in gaseous spectra, 1885, 942 - (John, jun.) on an apparatus for the determination of the ozone in the atmosphere, and experiments made therewith by means of the aspirator, 1865, 37 - - improvements in chlorimetry, 1871, 81 - on an apparatus for testing the water-stopping efficiency of clay soils and other substances under various pressures, 1872, 250 - on the industrial uses of the Upper Bann river, 1874, 139 - on the meteorology at Banbridge for ten years, and rainfall of Ulster* 1874, 39 C C 386 GENERAL INDEX. Smyth (John, jun.) on the rainfall of the British Isles, 1875, 91 ; 1876, 172 . - (Warington W.), Address to the Section of Geology, 1863, 59 , - on the thermal water of the Clifford amalgamated mines of Cornwall, 1864, 70 Snakes’ eggs, the incubation of, Dr. W. Sibley on, 1890, 860 Snell (W. H.) and C. H. W. Biggs, dis¬ tribution by transformers and alternate current machines, 1887, 878 Snelijs (G. J.) on the best method of esta¬ blishing an international standard, for the analysis of iron and steel, 1889, 50 ; 1890, 262 Snipe, the ‘ drumming ’ of the, Capt. W. V. Legge on, 1880, 604 *Snow (Capt. W. P.) on the geographical science of Arctic explorations, and the advantage of continuing it, 1861, 201 Snowdon, Dr. A. Schuster on a curious optical phenomenon observed on the top of, 1873, 40 Soap, the pedetic action of, Prof. W. S. Jevons on the, 1878, 435 . - bubble, Sir D. Brewster on the colours of the, 1867, 6 * Soaring of birds, mechanical theory of the, W. Froude on a, 1876, 31 Social democracy, the transition to, G. B. Shaw on, 1888, 761 - forces, harmonies and antagonisms in the, W. A. Douglass on, 1884, 869 - - reform and industrial conciliation, the relations between, L. L. Price on, 1889, 706 - regulations in Melanesia, Rev. R. H. Codrington on, 1888, 843 *Socialism, Prof. W. Graham on, 1887, 852 - State, an analysis of the current conception of, by Prof. H. Sidgwick, 1888, 760 Societies, organisation of, nationally and locally considered, R. B. Walker on the, 1871, 223 ^Society of Arts Patent Bill, Sir F. J. Bramwell on the, 1881, 780 Sociology, Anthropology, and Nationality, D. Mackintosh on, 1875, 176 - notes on classification in, by G. Weddell, 1889, 794 Socotra, the natural history of, report on the investigation of 1879, 210; IS 80, 212 ; 1881, 194 - the island of Prof. Bailey Balfour on, 1881, 482 - and the adjacent highlands of Arabia and Somali Land, the natural history of, report on the investigation of, 1882, 281 ; 1883, 227 - notes on, by F. M. Hunter, 1877, 118 Socotran land and freshwater shells , report on, by Lieut.- Col. H. II. Godwin- Austen, 1881, 196 Soda, caustic, J. Y. Buchanan on the rate of action of, on a watery solution of chloracetic acid at 100° C., 1871, 67 - L. Kessler on the commercial ad¬ vantages of anew carbonate of, 1863, 43 — — manufacture of, report on the , 1861, 109; silicate of , 1 16; arseniate of, 117 - manufacture, W. Gossage on, 1870, 58 * - manufacture, J. Mactear on, 1876, 65 — — manufacture of, Walter Weldon on a proposed use of fluorine in the, 1866, 45 * - - and chlorine, the manufacture of, W. Weldon on, 1884, 679 ^Sodium, A. Smith on, 1876, 68 * - - action of, on valerianic and similar ethers, J. A. Wanklyn on the, 1867, 47 - alcoholates,the action of, on fumaric and maleic ethers, Prof. T. Purdie on, 1885, 972 - - alum of Japan, Prof. E. Divers on the, 1881, 586 — — or other soluble aluminates, the use of, for softening and purifying hard and impure water and deodorising' and precipitating sewage, waste water from factories, &c., F. M. Lyte on, 1885, 984 - derivatives, anhydrous, of the sali¬ cylic series, W. H. Perkin on the pre¬ paration of some, 1868, 41 - Dr. J. Janssen sur une nouvelle methode pour la recherche de la soude et des composes du, par l’analyse spec- trale, 1869, 68 Soil, J. B. Lawes and Dr. J. H. Gilbert on the accumulation of the nitrogen of manure in the, 1866, 40 Soils, J. B. Lawes and Dr. J. H. Gilbert on some points in connection with the exhaustion of, 1861, 84 - - some points in the composition of. Sir J. B. Lawes and Dr. J. H. Gilbert on, with results illustrating the sources of fertility in Manitoba prairie soils, 1884, 686 - Dr. T. L. Phipson on the constant increase of organic matter in cultivated, 1863, 51 Solar atmosphere, hydrocarbons in the, Capt. Abney on, 1881, 524 - corona , some results of ph otographing the, without an eclipse , Dr. W. Huggins on, 1883, 346 - eclipse of December 12, 1871, report of the committee appointed to organise an expedition for observing the, 187 2, 327 - eclipse, the late total (May 17, 1882), preliminary account of results obtained during, by Dr. A. Schuster and Capt. Abney, 1882, 441 GENERAL INDEX. 387 Solar eclipses, total, report on the best experimental methods that can he used in observing, 1883, 49 - e3'epiece invented by the Rev. W. R. Dawes, description of a, 1863, 6 * - investigations, J. N. Lockyer on the results of some recent, 1873,35 — — - and terrestrial meteorological phe¬ nomena, Prof. Balfour Stewart and W. L. Carpenter on certain short periods common to, 1884, 634 * - photography, with reference to the history of the solar surface, Dr. J. Janssen on, 1876, 40 - photosphere, Rev. W. R. Dawes on the present aspect of the discussion respecting the telescopic appearance of the, 1864, 4 - radiation, report on the best methods of recording the direct intensity of, 1884, 28; 1885, 156; 1886, 63; 1887, 32; 1889,40; 1890, 144 - - radiation, J. Park Harrison on the heat attained by the moon under, 1865, 17; 1866, 20 - rays, effects of the concentrated, upon the tissues of living animals im¬ mersed in water, Dr. G. Robinson on certain, 1867, 103 ■ - rays, catalogue of the oscillation- frequencies of, 1878, 37. ( See ‘Wave¬ lengths’ and ‘ Wave-numbers ’) - spectroscopy, photographs of the invisible in, Dr. C. P. Smyth on, 1890, 75° - spectrum, George Gladstone on the atmospheric lines of the, in high lati¬ tudes, 1868, 18 - spectrum, the distribution of energy in the, Prof. S. P. Langley on, 1882, 459 * - spectrum, map of the, preliminary note by J. N. Lockyer on a new, 1874, 20 *— — - spectrum, recent progress in pho¬ tographing the, Prof. H. A. Rowland on, 1884, 635 *— spectrum, description of a map of the, by Prof. H. A. Rowland, 1887, 583 - - spectrum, photographs of the, G. Higgs on, 1887, 583 - spectrum, recent photographs of the less refrangible portions of, under dif¬ ferent atmospheric conditions, G. Higgs on, 1890, 760 * - spots, J. H. Brown on refraction and, 1872, 36 * - spots observed during the past eleven years, Rev. F. Howlett on, 1870, 23 - - system, chemical constituents of the, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on some points con¬ nected with the, 1877, 41 Solar system, the invariable plane of the, D. P. Todd on, 1884, 651 * - system, Prof. Hennessy on meteoric showers considered with reference to the motion of the, 1866, 21 - temperature, J. Dewar on recent estimates of, 1872, 50 Sole and other food-fishes, the larval and post-larval stages of the, Prof. McIntosh on, 1889, 618 Soleil’s (H.) new micrometer, the Abbe Moigno on, 1863, 15 - tenebroscope, for illustrating the invisibility of light, exhibited and described by the Abbe Moigno, 1863, 14 *Solid mounted preparations, L. C. Miall on, 1879, 376 - states of matter, Prof. J. Thomson on relations between the gaseous, the liquid and the, 1872, 24 Sollas (W. J.) on the replacement of siliceous skeletons by carbonate of lime, 1879, 350 ; *on a sponge from the Norwegian coast, simulating a hydroid polyp, 377 - [Prof. W. J.] on the island of Tor- ghatten, 1880, 576; on a fragment of mica schist, 577 ; on a striated stone from the Trias of Portishead, 586 ; on the action of a lichen on limestone, ib. ; on sponge-spicules from the Chalk of Trimmingham, Norfolk, ib. - on the connection between the in¬ trusion of volcanic rocks and volcanic eruptions, 1881, 613 ; the subject- matter of geology and its classification, 644 - on the conditions under which cn' di¬ nary sedimentary materials may be con¬ verted into metamorphic rocks , 1882, 239 - on the formatiorf of flints, 1882, 549 — - — on local scientific societies, 1883, 318 - on the origin of fresh-water faunas, 1884, 760 * - on a sponge possessing tetragonal symmetry, with observations on the minute structure of the Tetractinellidae, 1886, 710 - some preliminary observations on the geology of Wicklow and Wexford, 1887, 708" - and Rev. G. F. Whidborne on some fossils of the Inferior Oolite, 1882, 534 Solly (Rev. H.), technical education, 1886, 751 *Solms-Laubach (Count) on Bennet- tites, the type of a new group between Angiosperms and Gymnosperms, 1887, 761 Solubility of isomeric organic compounds. Prof. Carnelley and Dr. A. Thomson on the, 1887, 647 C C 2 388 GENERAL INDEX. Solution, W. Durham on, 1887, 655 - the bibliography of , report on , 1887, 57 ; 1888, 54 , 1889, 53 ; 1890, 310 - of copper in acids, the rate of, V. H. Veley on, 1888, 638 * - - of difficultly soluble substances, A. H. Allen on a method of effecting the, 1875, 37 - the molecular refraction of sub¬ stances in. Dr. Gladstone on, 1890, 322 - the molecular weights of solids and salts in, Prof. W. A. Tilden on, 1885, 990 - the nature of, Prof. S. U. Pickering on, 1886, 581 - the nature of, the bearing of the thermal phenomena of neutralisation on, Dr. W. W. J. Nicol on, 1887, 656 - the nature and properties of, report on, 1887, 55 ; 1888, 93 ; 1889, 53 ; 1890, 3IQ - - - the phenomena and theories of, Prof. W A. Tilden on, 1886, 444 - some phenomena of, illustrated by the case of sodium sulphate, Prof. W. A. Tilden on, 1884, 675 - proportions in which bases and acids in a, combine with each other, Prof. G. Wiedemann on the, 1874, 132 - a theory of, W. W. J. Nicol on, 1884, 67 5 - the theory of, Dr. T. S. Hunt on, 1888, 636 - - the theory of, discussion on : S. U. Pickering , 1890, 31 1, 337; Dr. J. IT. Gladstone, 322 ; Dr. Arrhenius, 323 ; Dr. Walker, 325; Prof. Pamsiy, ib. ; Dr. Armstrong, ib. ; Prof. FitzGerald, 326 ; Prof. 0. J. Lodge , 330 ; Prof. Ostwald, 331 ; Prof, van Y Hof, 335; TD. N. Shaw, 336 - a partial separation of the con¬ stituents of a, during expansion by rise of temperature, £rof. J. W. Mallet on, 1887, 649 Solutions, the freezing-points of, an apparatus for the determination of, P. J. Hartog and J. A. Harker on, 1890, 779 - the physical constants of. Profs. W. L. Goodwin and D. H. Marshall on, 1884, 679 - reciprocal decomposition in, viewed with reference to time, J. H. Gladstone on, 1870, 57 - physical constants of, especially the expansion of saline solutions , report on the investigation of certain, 1885, 261 ; 1886, 207 ; 1887, 48 _ supersaturated saline, C. Tomlinson on the behaviour of, when exposed to the open air, 1871, 82 - vapour pressures and refractive in¬ dices of salt, report on, 1885,284 ; 1886, 204 Solutions, volumes of, J. A. Ewing and J. G. Macgregor on the, 1877, 40 ^Solvents, new, for gold, silver, platinum. See., T. Fairley on, with an explanation of the so-called catalytic action of these metals and their salts on hydro¬ gen dioxide, 1875, 42 Somali coast, Capt. Miles on the, 1871, 186 - and Galla countries, E. G. Eaven- stein on the, 1888, 595 Somerset, some points of interest in the geology of, W. A. E. Ussher on, 1888, 659 Somersetshire cider, J. Higgins on, 1888, 759 - Foraminifera of the Middle and Upper Lias of, Henry B. Brady on the, 1864, 50 - Pliocene fauna of the caverns and river-deposits of, W. Boyd Dawkins on the newer, 1864, 53 Somervail (A.) and H. Fox on the occurrence of porphyritic structure in some rocks of the Lizard district, 1887, 708 Somerville (A. A l), experiments at Eton College on the degree of concordance between different examiners in assign - ing marks for physical qualifications, 1889, 477 Somme and Ouse, E. A. C. Godwin- Austen on the Alluvial accumulation in the valleys of the, 1863, 68 Sonora earthquake, the, of May 3, 1887, Dr. T. S. Hunt and J. Douglas on, 1887, 712 Sopwith (A.), electric lighting at Can¬ nock Chase collieries, 1886, 814 - (T.), report on the manufacture of lead, copper, zinc, antimony, S,'c., in the Newcastle-on-Tyne District, 1863, 715 - on a section of the strata from Hownes Gill to Cross Fell, 1863, 88 Sorbit, Prof. Delffs on, 1871, 69 Sorby (H. C.) on the cause of the differ¬ ence in the state of preservation of different kinds of fossil shells, 1862, 95 ; on the comparative structure of artificial and natural igneous rocks, 96 - on models illustrating contortions in mica-schist and slate, 1863, 88 - - on the conclusion to be drawn from the physical structure of some meteor¬ ites, 1864, 70 ; on microscopical photo¬ graphs of various kinds of iron and steel, 189 - on the microscopical structure of crystals, 1865, 136; on the microscopi¬ cal structure of meteorites, 139 - on a new form of spectrum-micro¬ scope, 1865, 11 - on spherules in meteorites , 1868, 418 GENERAL INDEX. 389 Sorby (H. C.) on Jargonia, 1869, 75 - - on a new method for studying the optical characters of minerals, 1877, 77 ; on the colouring-matters in human hair, 12 1 - - on the exploration of the Settle Caves ( Victoria Cave), 1878, 377 - Address to the Geological Section, 1880, 565 - - on the conditions under which ordi¬ nary sedimentary materials may he con¬ verted into metamorphic rochs, 1882, 239 • - on fossil Polyzoa, 1882, 249 ; 1883, 161 ; 1884, 97; 1890, 378 - on recent Polyzoa, 1885, 48I - on arranging an investigation of the seasonal variations of temperature in lakes, rivers , and estuaries, 1889, 44 ; 1890, 92 - - on the temperature of the tidal estuaries of the South-east of England, 1889, 509 Sorley (Prof. W. R.) on mining royalties and their effect on the iron and coal industries, 1888, 755 *Sortais (M.) on an improved printing telegraph apparatus, 1862, 196 *Souakim, Capt. Rokeby on the survey for a telegraph line between Berber and, 1873, 173 *Sound, interference of, Prof. W. F. Barrett on an apparatus for showing the, 1874, 41 ■ - signals, the transmission of, during fogs at sea, Prof. H. Hennessy on, 1861, *173 - signals, transmission of, under water, report on the, 1865, 192 ; 1866, 212 - signals, E. P. Edwards on, 1882, 670 - velocity of, Dr. J. Stevelly on a mode of determining the, 1864, 20 Sounder, automatic, J. Dillon on an, 1881, 774; 1884,807 ^Sounding machine, an improved, Sir W. Thomson on, 1880, 703 - ocean depths, recent improvements in apparatus and methods for, Rear- Adm. D. Ammen on, 1884, 629 Soundings, deep-sea, Sir W. Thomson on the use of steel wire for, 1872, 251 * - hying, an improved method of re¬ cording the depth in, Sir W. Thomson on, 1877, 218 Sounds which accompany the diffusion of gases through a thin septum, the detection by means of the microphone of, W. Chandler Roberts on, 1878, 517 South-African diamonds, Prof. J. Ten¬ nant on the, 1875, 82 * - swifts and swallows, F. R. Surtees on, 1864, 191 • - torrential floods. Dr. J. C. Brown on, 1875, 190 *South America, J. Ball on some points of physical geography observed during a recent tour round, 1882, 622 South- Lancashire wells, T. 31. Peade on the, 1877, 66 South-Sea Islanders, Rev. W. W. Gill on the origin of the, 1875, 173 *South Wales mineral basin, A. Bassett on the, 1864, 50 Southampton artesian well, T. W. Shore and E. Westlake on the, 1882, 547 - Docks, A. Giles on the, 1882, 669 - new dock excavation, beds exposed in the, T. W. Shore on the, 1888, 672 - water, Dr. A. Angell on the brown colouration of the, 1882, 589 Southport, a human skull found near, Dr. W. G. Barron on, 1883, 562 - as an example of modern enterprise, F. Norfolk on, 1883, 630 — — notes on geological sections within forty miles radius of, by C. E. De Ranee, 1883, 489 - sands, the Annelides of the, Dr. Carrington on, 1883, 544 - sewage, I. Shone on, 1883, 656 Southward (J.), a rotary machine for composing and distributing printing type, 1890, 951 Space, notion of, and composition of sen¬ sation, L. de la Rive on, 1888, 585 * - numbers : an extension of arith¬ metic, B. H. Hinton on, 1878, 486 - points and lines in, Prof. A. Cayley on a correspondence of , 1870, 10 Spaces, ‘analysis situs’ of threedimen¬ sional, Prof. W. D}rck on the, 1884, 648 Spain and her colonies, A. de Marcoartu on commercial relations of Canada with, 1884, 870 - the resources and progress of, during the last fifty years of representative government in connection with the British Empire, A. de Marcoartu on, 1886, 784 - and Portugal, W. S. Kent on the zoological results of the dredging- expedition of the yacht ‘ Noma ’ off the coast of, 1871, 132 Spalding (D. A.) on instinct, with ori¬ ginal observations on young animals, 1872, 141 ; *1875, 63 * - on free trade in labour, 1875, 220 Spanish territories of North America, E. von Hesse- Wartegg on the, 1882, 627 * - mining, A. de Marcoartu on, 1876, 207 Sparrow, Dr. Edwards Crisp on the food and habits of the, 1865, 85 Species, decay of, and on the natural provisions for extending their duration, Dr. Daubeny on the, 1864, 87 - origin of, H. Fawcett on the method 390 GENERAL INDEX. of Mr. Darwin in his treatise on the, 1861, 141 Species, Prof. Owen on the characters of the Aye-Aye, as a test of the Lamarck¬ ian and Darwinian hypothesis of the transmutation and origin of, 1862, 114 - and varieties, Rev. W. N. Moles- worth on the influence of changes in the conditions of existence in modify¬ ing, 1862, 111 - origin of, B. T. Lowne on type variation and potymorphism in their relation to Mr. Darwin’s theory of the, 1868, 104 * — — origin of, Archdeacon Freeman on man and the animals, being a counter- theory to Mr. Darwin’s as to the, 1869, 132 — — origin of. Some of the more im¬ portant facts of succession in relation to any theory of continuity, Dr. Cob- bold on, 1870, 131 * - origin of, Prof. A. Macalister on the bearing of muscular anomalies on the Darwinian theory of the, 1871, 140 :i!Specific characters as useful and indif¬ ferent, Prof. G-. J. Romanes on, 1889, 628 - gravity of liquid and solid sub¬ stances, Dr. Otto Richter on the che¬ mical and physical principles in con¬ nexion with the, 1863, 54 - heat of caoutchouc, W. W. H. Gee and H. L. Terry on the, 1889, 516 - - and latent heat in relation to the combining heats of the chemical ele¬ ments, Dr. W. Newton on, 1889, 541 f - inductive capacity, an account of some experiments on, by J. E. H. Gordon, 1878, 433 - inductive capacity, some newr in¬ struments recently constructed for the continuation of researches on, J. E. H. Gordon on, 1879, 249 - inductive capacity of glass, secular changes in the, J. E. PI. Gordon on, 1879, 250 * - volumes of certain liquids, Prof. Thorpe on the, 1874, 67 - volumes of liquids, preliminary re¬ port on extending the observations on the, 1875, 62 * - volumes, Prof. Ramsay’s method of determining, Prof. L. Meyer on. 1887, 653 Spectra, absorption, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on the value of the hollow wedge in examining, 1868, 18 - of certain boric and phosphoric acid blowpipe beads, C. Horner on the, 1873, 64 ■ - of carbon, two, existing at the same temperature, W. M. Matts on, 1870, 44 Spectra of comets, the cause of bright lines in the, G. J. Stoney on, 1879, 251 - of the elements, wave-length tables of the, report on the preparation of a new series of, 1882, 144; 1884, 351; 1885, 288; 1886, 167; *1887,624; 1890,224. ( See ‘Wave-numbers, report on,’ 1872, 53 ; 1873, 249 ; *1874, 241 ; 1878, 37) - of the elements, the harmonic series of lines in the, Prof. C. Range on, 1888, 5 76 * - of the elements, the, and the con¬ stitution of the sun, Prof. H. A. Row'- land on, 1890, 751 - of gases, the interrupted, G. J. Stoney on the cause of, 1870. 41 - of gases, Dr. A. Schuster on the influence of temperature and pressure on the widening of the lines in the, 1873, 39 - of gas-vacuum, end-on tubes, re¬ examination of the, after six to ten years of existence and use, by C. P. Smyth, 1889, 490 - - - of the haloid salts of didymium, the, Dr. G. H. Bailey on, 1890, 773 - — — of some of the Heavenly Bodies, Prof. W. A. Miller on the, 1864, 12 - - - of the hydrocarbons, Prof. W. Swan on the wave-lengths of the, 1871, 43 *— — - of meteorites, the, compared with the solar spectrum, J. N. Lockver on, 1888,576 *— — - a mode of producing on a screen, with the oxyhydrogen flame, P. Braham on, 1874, 56 - stellar, exhibiting bright lines, Prof. E. C. Pickering on Draper me¬ morial photographs of, 1886. 553 - the ultra-violet spark, emitted by 'metallic elements and their combina¬ tions under varying conditions, report on the investigation of, by means of photography , 1882, 143 ; 1883, 127 ; 1885, 276 Spectral analysis, Prof. Pliicker on, 1863, 15 f - lines, Lord Rayleigh on a natural limit to the sharpness of the, 1873, 39 — — lines of metals, the reversals of the, Prof. Liveingand Prof. Dewar on, 1882, 495 - observations, recent, J. N. Lockver on, 1879, 317 - rays , reports of com mittees appointed to construct and print catalogues of, arranged upon a scale of wave-mum bers, 1872, '53; 1873, 249; ‘1878, 37; 1882, 144; 1884, 351; 1885,288; 1886. 167; *1887, 624; 1890, 224 Sjaectrale, l’analyse, Dr. Janssen sur une nouvelle methode pour la recherche de la soude et des composes du sodium par, 1869, 68 GENERAL INDEX. 39 L Spectre atmospherique terrestre, Dr. J. Janssen sur le, et celui clc la vapour d’eau, 1866, n - photograpliique solaire, le maxi¬ mum d ’intensity du, Dr. J. Janssen sur, 1879, 252 - de la vapeur d’eau, Dr. J. Janssen sur le, 1869, 67 Spectres de l’oxygene, Dr. J. Janssen sur les, 1888, 547 - photograpliiques, la constitution des, quand faction lumineuse est ex- tremement courte, Dr. J. Janssen sur, 1878, 445 Spectrometry , stellar, Paclrc Seeeld on, 1868, 165 Spectroscope, automatically adjusted for the minimum angle of deviation for the particular ray under examination, J. Browning on a. 1870, 52 - a binocular, G. J. Stoncy on, 1879, 292 - with bisulphide of carbon prisms and telescopes of long focal distance for examining the sun’s spectrum, J. P. Gassiot on a, 1864, 11 - - - direct vision. J. Browning on a new form of, 1864, 9 - an overlapping, J. Love on, 1881, 564 - slit for the, S. C. Tisley on a new and simple form of adjustable, 1874, 27 - with two-prism automatic motion, a simple, G. J. Stoney on, 1879, 292 - without a lens, P. Braham on a, 1889, 544 * - of unusually large aperture, G. J. Stoney on a, 1878, 441 - - observations on animal substances with the, E. Bay Lankester on, 1867, 101 - E. Pay Lankester on the investiga¬ tion of animal substances with the, 1868, 113 Spectroscope de poclie, Dr. J. Janssen sur le, 1866, 10 Spectroscopes, scales of variable length for the eye-pieces of, G. J. Stoney on, 1879, 292 Spectroscopic appliances, Prof. A. Schus¬ ter on some, 1883, 400 - dispersion, the use of bisulphide of carbon prisms for cases of extreme, and their results in gaseous spectra, Profs. C. P. Smyth and A. S. Herschel on, 1885, 942 - studies of explosions, by Profs. Liveing and Dewar, 1884, 672 Spectroscopy , the bibliography of, report on, 1881, 328; 1884, 295; 1889, 344; *1890, 261 - solar, in the infra red, Dr. D. Draper on, 1885, 936 Spectrum, absorption, of chlorochromic anhydride, G. J. Stoney and Prof. J. E. Reynolds on the, 1878, 434, *511 Spectrum, absorption, of didymium chlo¬ ride. Prof. A. Schuster and T. G. Bailey on the, 1883, 400 - absorption, of oxygen, Profs. Live¬ ing and Dewar on the, 1888, 576 — — analysis, William Huggins on the results of, as applied to heavenly bodies, 1868, 140; of the moon, 142; Jupiter, 143; Saturn, ib.\ Mars,ib.; Brorsen’s comet, 159; Comet II. 1868, 160; Nep¬ tune, 165 - of Comet (Wells) I. 1882, W. Hug¬ gins on the photographic, 1882, 442 - — - of the great nebula in Orion, W. Huggins on the photographic, 1882, 443 — of comet ‘ b ’ 1881, W. Huggins on the photographic, 1881, 520 - of the stella nova visible on the great nebula in Andromeda, Dr. W. Huggins on the, 1885, 935 - analysis, report on the present state of our knowledge of, 1880, 258 ; 1881, 317; 1882, 120; 1884,295; 1889,344; 1890,26i. Contents: 1. Spectra of metalloids, by Hr. A. Schuster, 1880, 258 2. Influence of temperature and pres¬ sure on the spectra of gases, by Dr. Schuster, 275 3. Emission spectra of rays of high r cf rang Unlit y, by Prof. W. N. Hart¬ ley, 298 4. Absorption spectra of rays of high refrangibility, by Prof. Huntingdon, 3°3 1. General methods of observing and mapping spectra, by W. Marshall Watts, 1881, 317 2. Papers connected with spectrum analysis published since 1870, 1881, 328 The genesis of spectra , by Dr. A. Schuster, 1882, 120 I. Connection between the different periods of vibration of one molecule, 121 II. Relation of the spectrum of an element to that of its compounds, 127 III. Relations of the spectra of dif¬ ferent elements, 138 Continuation of list of papers connected with spectrum analysis, 1884, 295 ; 1889,344; 1890, 261 * - analysis, recent progress in the use of concave gratings for, Prof. H. A. Rowland on, 1888, 566 — — analysis, J. Browning on an induc¬ tion coil especially arranged for use in, 1870, 25 - the complementarv, J. Smith on, 1862, 23 392 GENERAL INDEX. Spectrum, the effect of the, on silver chloride, Capt. Abney on, 1881, 594 - of hydrogen. A. Schuster on the. 1872, 38 - the length of the prismatic, as a test of chemical purity, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on, 1883, 461 — -microscope, H. C. Sorby on a new form of, I860, 11 - - photographic, of the electric light, \V. A. Miller on, 1861, 87 * - photography, a method of showing the sun’s rotation by, Capt. Abney on, 1877, 31 * - of polarised light, A. "Waugh on the, 1864, 191 * — - — prismatic, the lower limit of the, Lord Rayleigh on, 1877, 32 - - a pure, the formation of, by Newton, G. Griffith on, 1885, 940 - radiant, Sir D. Brewster on the, 1867, 8 - - referring to a scale of wave-numbers the positions of lines in the, G. J. Stoney on the advantage of, 1871, 42 - - solar, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on the means of observing the lines of the, due to the terrestrial atmosphere, 1862, 43 - solar, George Gladstone on the atmospheric lines of the, in high latitudes, 1868, 18 Specula of reflecting telescope, polishing the, the Earl of Rosse on, 1884, 637 ^Speech, a hypothesis of the perception of articulate, Dr. Cassells on, 1876, 148 - - R. Dunn on the power of utterance in respect to its cerebral bearings and causes, 1868, 114 Speed of floating water or of ships, A. E. Fletcher on the rhysimeter, an in¬ strument for measuring the, 1871, 234 ■ - of ships, report on instruments for measuring the , 1872, 176; 1873,460; 1874, 255 ; 1878, 219 ; 1879, 210 Speeton clays, the, and their equivalents in Yorkshire, G. W. Lamplugh on, 1890, 808 Spence (James) on a novel method of covering boilers, pipes, and cylinders of steam-engines for preventing the radiation of heat, 1863, 187 * - (J. B.) on the phenomena of the crystallisation of a double salt, 1870, 63 - (Peter) on copper-smelting, 1864, 41 * - - on a new process in the manufac¬ ture of white lead, 1866, 44 * - on the economisation of sulphurous acid in copper-smelting, 1867, 43 - on raising a temperature higher than 212° F. in certain solutions by steam of 212° F., 1869, 75 - - - on an attempt to determine the boiling-point of the saturated solutions of various salts by boiling with steam at 100° C., 1870, 64 Spence (Peter) on a new mode for the purification of sewage, 1880, 534 - (W.) on patent tribunals, 1861, 265 Spencer (J.) on researches in fossil bo¬ tany, 1881, 627 ; notes on Astromyelon and its root, 628 - on the occurrence of a boulder of granitoid gneiss or gneissoid granite in the Halifax Hard-bed coal, 1888, 661 * - (J. F.) and P. Westmacott on en¬ gineering manufactures of the Tyne and neighbouring districts, 1863, 192 - - (Thomas) on the manufacture of steel in the northern district, 1863, 764 Spender (Edward) on the ‘truck system’ in some parts of the "West of England, 1864, 175 Spergularia marina, the stipules of, Prof - A. Dickson on, 1878, 568 Sperm whale, C. W. Peach on the occur¬ rence of the, near Wick, N.B., 1863, 10& Spermatogenesis of the Acarians, the, and the laws of spermatogenesis in general, Prof. G. Gilson on, 1887, 758 *Spey bridge at Garmouth and the River Spey, P. M. Barnett on the, 1885, 1203 Sphcerularia Bomhi , John Lubbock on, 1862, 109 Sphenopteris affinis, C. W. Peach on cir~ cinnate vernation of, from the earliest stage to completion, 1876, 94, 144 Sphere and roller friction gear, Prof. H» S. Hele Shaw on the, 1885, 1193 - and roller mechanism for transmit¬ ting power, Prof. H. S. Hele Shaw and E. Shaw on, 1886, 484 Spherical class-cubic with three single¬ foci. H. M. Jeffery on the, 1878, 490 - class-cubics with double foci and double cyclic arcs, H. M. Jeffery on,. 1876, 19 - - harmonics, W. K. Clifford on a, canonical form of, 1871, 10 — harmonic of the nth. order, Sir W. Thomson on the general form of ay 1871,25 Spheroidal drops, R. J. Moss on, 1878, 489 - drops, the cause of travelling motion of, G. J. Stoney on, 1878, 442 - - drops, the support of, and allied phenomena, G. J. Stoney, G. F. Fitz¬ Gerald, and R. J. Moss on. 1878, 441 * - state of liquids, W. F. Barrett on a condition affecting the, and its ] robable effect on certain boiler-explo¬ sions, 1872, 48 Sphingidie, some hybrid, and other Lepi- doptera, E. Birchall on, 1870, ill Sphygmograph. Dr. J. Hughes Bennett on Marey’s new, 1864, 119 - Dr. B. W. Foster on an addition to the, 1S66, 91 GENERAL INDEX Spider, fossil, Prof. F. Romer on a, lately discovered in the Coal-Measures of Upper Silesia, 1865, 73 Spiders, Tuffen West on some points of interest in the structure and habits of, 1861, 162 - Richard Beck on the spinnerets of, 1864, 88 *■ - trap-door, from Corfu, R. F. Wright on some, 1864, 101 Spiller (John) on the preservation of stone, 1867, 44; on certain new pro¬ cesses in photography, 45 - analysis of the Roman mortar of Burgh Castle, Suffolk, 1868, 43 - - - on the discrimination of fibres in mixed fabrics, 1870, 64 - - on artificial magnetite, 1873, 66 - - 011 the identification of the coal-tar colours, 1880, 542 - description of some new crystallised combinations of copper, zinc, and iron sulphates, 1885, 976 — — the composition of the ancient Roman mortar from the London Wall, 1888, 637 * - on the best method of establishing international standards for the analysis of iron and steel , 1889, 50 ; 1890, 262 - an experiment in colour-blindness, 1889, 518 *Spine, curvature of the, in the foetus and the child, Dr. J. Symington on the, 1885, 1101 ^Spinning purposes, cards for, D. Bate¬ man on the manufacture of, 1875, 210 Sjriranthes Pomanzoviana, Cham., A. G. More on, 1871, 129 * - Dr. D. Moore on, 1875, 158 ^'Spirit-levels, chambered, T. Warner on, 1869, 54 *Spirogyra, the division and conjugation of, Dr. J. M. Macfarlane on, 1885, 108S Spirometer, a new, W. F. Stanley on, 1890, 982 Spitzbergen, Mr. Leigh Smith’s voyages to, Lieut. H. Chermside on, 1874, 1 7 1 - current, Colonel Shaffner on the, 1861, 198 *Sponge, the Portuguese anchor-, Dr. J. E. Gray on, 1870, 1 1 7 - deep-sea, W. R. Hughes on the development of a, 1865, 86 * - from the Norwegian coast, simu¬ lating a liydroid polyp, W. J. Sollas on a, 1879, 377 * - possessing tetragonal symmetry, Prof. W. J. Sollas on a, 1886, 710 - - spicules from the Chalk of Trim- mingham, Norfolk, Prof. W. J. Sollas on, 1880, 586 ^'Sponges, the affinities of the, to the corals, W. S. Kent on, 1870, 120 * - from the Carboniferous Limestone 000 oy.j near Glasgow, J. Young on siliceous, 1876, 99 Sponges constituting the family Dictyo- spongidge, Prof. J. Hall on the} fossil reticulate, 1884, 725 - — — the nervous system of, Dr. R. von Lendenfeld on, 1886, 710 * - as a source of bromine and of nitrogen, Dr. Phipson on, 1865, 34 ^'Spontaneous combustion of coals in ships, J. Bamfield on the, 1880, 696 - - generation, F. Crace-Calvert on,. 1871, 123 * - generation from a chemical point of view, Prof. Debus on, 1874, 57 - generation, the controversy on, J. Samuelson on, with new experiments, 1870, 133 * - generation and the germ theory, N._ Carmichael on, 1876, 146 Sporangia of ferns from the Coal-measures,. W. Carruthers on the, 1870, 71 Spottiswoode (William) on Petzval’s asymptotic method of solving differen¬ tial equations, 1861, 10 ; on the reduc¬ tion of the decadic binary quantic to its canonical form, 1 1 - on the Hindu method of calculating eclipses, 1862, 18 - Address to the Section of Mathe¬ matics and Physical Science, 1865, 1 * - on musical intervals, 1870, 15 - on instruction in elementary geometry , 1873, 459; 1876, 8 - - on science lectures and organisation , 1873, 495, 507 * - on triple tangent planes, 1873, 24 - - on preparing and printing tables of wave-numbers, 1874, 241 * - on multiple contact of quadrics: and other surfaces, 1874, 19 - on mathematical notation and print¬ ing, 1875, 337 - Presidential Address at Dublin7 1878, 1 - - on the oscillation-freeguencies of solar rays, 1878, 37 ■ - - on the eighteen co-ordinates of a conic in space, 1878, 462 — on the progress of the chief branches • of mathematics and physics, 1879, 37 * - on the polar planes of a point with respect to four quadric surfaces, 1881,. 547 Spottiswoode’s triple combination of double-image prisms and quartz plates, a form of, applied to the table polari- scope, S. C. Tisley on, 1874, 26 Sprague (F. J.), demands of a system of electrical distribution, 1882, 448 * - (T. B.), explanations of Mr. McClintock’s method of finding the value of life annuities by means of the gamma function, 1874, 19 ; *on the 394 GENERAL INDEX. cause of insolvency in Life-insurance Companies, and the best means of detecting, exposing, and preventing it, 21 1 Sprague (T. B.) on the adjustment of numerical results derived from observa¬ tion, 1883, 446 - on the probability that a marriage entered into at any age will be fruitful, and that a marriage which has been childless for several years will subse¬ quently become fruitful, 1884, 866 *Sprengel pump, C. H. Gimingham on a modification of the, 1876, 49 * - air-pump, a new form of, C. II . Stearn and J. W. Swan on, 1877, 43 * - pump, description of a shortened self-acting, by Dr. W. W. J. Nicol, 1887, 669" - vacuum, a good, the specific inductive capacity of, and the specific resistance of gases at different pressures, pre¬ liminary report of the Committee for accurately measuring , 1880, 197 Spring migratory birds of the North of England, T. Lister on, 1S74, 137 Springer (Dr. A.), torsion balances, 1887, 636 Springs, elastic force of certain forms of, F. H. Wenham on the influence of temperature on the, 1873, 49 - - B. Latham on the influence of baro¬ metric pressure on the discharge of water from, 1881, 614 SPRUCE (Richard) on the physical geo¬ graphy of the Peruvian coast-valleys of Chira and Piura and the adjacent de¬ serts, 1864, 148 ; on the river Purus, ib. Spurrell (F. C. J.) on the site of a Palaeolithic implement manufactory at Crayford, Kent, 1880, 574 .Squalls, G. M. Whipple on the passage of, across the British Isles, 1873, 44 Square, cube, and other roots of a given number N, M. Collins on new improve¬ ments in approximating more rapidly than usual to, 1872, 13 - root of a number, the rule for con¬ tracting the process of finding the, Prof. M. J. M. Hill on, 1886, 538 Squier (E. G.) on the basin of Lake Titicaca, 1870, 175 Stability, propulsion , and sea-going quali¬ ties of ships, report on the existing knowledge on the, 1869, 10 ; 1870, 44 - - the use of the term, in the literature of naval architecture, Prof. 0. Reynolds on, 1883, 631 Staffordshire, the Geology, Mineralogy , and Palaeontology of, list of works on, by W. Whitaker, 1885, 780 * - coal-field, report on the distribution of the organic remains of the North, 1863, 342 ; 1865, 42 Statfordshire coal-field, H. Johnson on the extent and duration of the South, 1865, 63 ; 1886, 636 * - South, coal-field, S. Bailey on the economic value of the various Measures of coal and ironstone in the, 1865, 48 - South, coal-field, W. Mathews on the Halesowen district of the, 1886, 625 - South, coal-fields, John Randall on the Shropshire and, 1869, 100 - South, David Forbes on the igneous rocks of, 1865, 53 - - South, Rev. W. J. Bain on the social, educational, and religious position of the working population of, 1865, 140 - South, mines drainage : (1) surface works, by E. B. Marten, 1886, 824 ; (2) the drainage of the Tipton district, by E. Terry, ib. ; (3) the drainage of the Old Hill district, by W. B. Collis, 825 Stainton (H. T.) on a new’ leaf-mining larva recently discovered, 1861, 159 - on the generic characters furnished by the different modes of mining leaves adopted by the larvae of Microlepidop- tera, 1863, 106 - on the extraordinary partiality shown by insects of the genus Laverna for plants of the order Onagraceee, 1865, 93 - on science-lectures and organisation, 1873, 495, 507 *Stalactitic formations from the Island of Antiparos, J. S. Phene on some, 1877, 76 Stalagmite, W. B. Dawkins on the rate at vdiich, is accumulating in the Ingle- borough Cave, 1873, 80 St allard (G.) on the qjresent methods of teaching chemistry, 1888, 73; 1889, 228; 1890, 265 *Stamp (Miss) on statistics of Free Public Libraries, 1875, 220 Standard, mural, James Yates on the, 1866, 365 Standards for exhibiting the measures of length legalised in the United King¬ dom, James Yates on mural, 1865, 159 *- . - of measure and wmight, new, Prof. Hennessy on, 1876, 49 - Warden of the, reasons wdiy the office of, should include standard wnights and measures of the metric- system in addition to those of the im¬ perial wreights and measures, James Yates on, 1867, 147 - - of electrical resistance. (See ‘ Elec¬ trical Standards ’) Stanford (Edwmrd C. C.) on a chemical method of treating the excreta of towTns, 1869, 76 - - on marbles from the Island of GENERAL INDEX. 395 Tyree, 1870, 64 ; on the retention of nitrogen by charcoal, 65 ^Stanford (Edward C. C.) on the reten¬ tion of organic nitrogen by charcoal, 1871, 81 ; *011 the carbon closet-system, 240 - on the estimation of potash and phosphoric acid , 1875, 24 ; 1877, 9, 26 - on the manufacture of iodine, 1876, 68 - on algin, a new substance obtained from seaweed, 1883, 464 ■f Stanhope ‘ demonstrator ’ or logical machine, Rev. R. Harley on the, 1878, 442 Stanley (H. M.), discoveries at the northern end of Lake Tanganyika, 1872, 213 - ’s, Mr., stations on the Congo, a visit to, H. H. Johnston on, 1883, 593 - (Right Hon. Lord), Address to the Section of Economic Science and Statistics, 1865, 131 - (W. F.) on the improbability of the theory that former Glacial Periods in the northern hemisphere were due to eccentricity of the earth’s orbit, and to its winter perihelion in the north, 1884, 723 - notes upon the rotational period of the earth and revolution period of the moon deduced from the nebular hypo¬ thesis of Laplace, 1885, 915 ; proposed conditions to account for a former Glacial Period in Great Britain, exist¬ ing under similar meteorological con¬ ditions to those that rule at the present time, 1020 ; a portable scale of propor¬ tions of the human body, 1206 - on a new spirometer, 1890, 982 Stansfield (A.) on varieties of Blech - num Spicant collected in 1860 and 1861, 1861, 159 Staphylopteris, a genus new* to British rocks, C. W. Peach on the discovery of, 1876, 94. 144 Star, bright, in the great nebula in Andro¬ meda, Dr. R. Copeland on the, 1885, 935 - chromatoscope, A. Claudet on the, 1863, 5 - grouping, the laws of, R. A. Proctor on, 1870, 24 - photography, I. Roberts on, 1886, 555 — — 95 Herculis, Prof. Piazzi Smyth on the changing of colour of the, 1863, 10 - variable, J. R. Hind on the, lately discovered in Corona Borealis, 1866, 8 - worship, totem clans and, G. St. Clair on, 1 888, 848 Starch, Dr. W. Hinds on the identitj'- of, and chlorophyll, 1865, 81 * - in plants, notes on experiments as to the formation of, under the influence of the electric light, by II. M. Ward, 1885, 1086 Starfish, the discovery of a species of, in the Devonian beds of South Devon, A. Champernowne on, 1873, 77 ; H. Wood¬ ward on, ib. - from the Yorkshire Lias, Prof. J. F. Blake on a, 1887, 716 Starkey (W. J. S. B.), secondary cells, 1890, 958 Starling (J. PI.) on improved photo¬ graphic screens, 1879, 291 * - exhibited an improved volumetric apparatus, 1880, 534 Stars, British Association Catalogue of, Rev. R. Main on the, 1869, 19 - distances of some of the fixed, H. Fox Talbot on a method of estimating the, 1871, 34 t - heat of, William Huggins on the, 1869, 18 * - with a measurable annual parallax, a systematic research for, and its re¬ sults, Prof. R. S. Ball on, 1884, 654 - shooting-. ( See ‘ Meteors, Lumi¬ nous ’) - spectra of fixed, IP. Huggins on the, 1868, 143 ; spectra of variable , 145 ; spectra of temporary , 146; observations to determine whether the, are moving towards or from the earth , 152 ; spectro¬ scopic observations of fixed , 157; (see also Sectional Proceedings, 1864, 12) - temporary, Daniel Yaughan on cases of planetary instability indicated by the appearance of, 1861, 24 Startin (A.) on the Drift in the parish of Exhall, north of Coventry, 1865, 74 State guarantee of war risks, J. Cony on, 1885, 1 1 7 1 - socialism, an analysis of the current conception of, by Prof. H. Sidgwick, 1888, 760 Statical and kinematical analogues, Prof. J. D. Everett on, 1874, 11 Statigrams, Rev. J. F. Heyes on, with some suggestions for greater unifor¬ mity in comparative graphics, 1888, 769 Statistical tables, the errors of the argu¬ ment of, J. Kleiber on, 1888, 61S Statistics and Economic Science, Ad¬ dresses of the Presidents of the Section of : — W. Newmarch, Manchester, 1861, 201 *E. Chadwick, Cambridge, 1862, W. Tite, Newcastle upon-Tyne, 1863, 149 Dr. W. Farr, Bath, 1864, 15 1 Lord Stanley, Birmingham, 1S65, 131 Prof. J. E. T. Rogers, Nottingham, 1866, 1 17 M. E. Grant-Duff, Dundee, 1867, 132 S. Brown, Norwich, 1868, 144 396 GENERAL INDEX. Statistics and Economic Science, Ad¬ dresses of the Presidents of the Section of : — Sir Stafford Northcote, Exeter, 1869, 173 Prof. W. S. Jevons, Liverpool, 1870, 178 Lord Neaves, Edinburgh, 1871, 191 Prof. H. Fawcett, Brighton, 1872, 217 W. E. Forster, Bradford, 1873, 174 Lord O’Hagan, Belfast, 1874, 1S5 J. Hey wood, Bristol, 1875, 197 Sir G. Campbell, Glasgow, 1876, 186 Earl Fortescue, Plymouth, 1877, 15 1 Prof. J. K. Ingram, Dublin, 1878, 641 G. Shaw-Lefevre, Sheffield, 1879, 479 *G. W. Hastings, Swansea, 1880, M. E. Grant-Duff, York, 1881, 752 G. Sclater-Booth, Southampton, 1882, 631 R. H. Inglis Palgrave, Southport, 1883, 605 Sir R. Temple, Montreal, 1884, 813 Prof. H. Sidgwick, Aberdeen, 1885, 1 141 J. B. Martin, Birmingham, 1886, 737 R. Giffen, Manchester, 1887, 806 Lord Bramwell, Bath, 1888, 749 Prof. F. Y. Edgeworth, Newcastle- upon-Tyne, 1889, 671 Prof. A. Marshall, Leeds, 1890, 898 Statistics, agricultural, commercial, in¬ dustrial, and banking, W. Botly on ( see ‘ Botly, W.’) — — G. R. Crowe on the compilation of, illustrated by the Irish census returns, 1874, 198 - and economics viewed from the standpoint of the preliminary sciences, P. Geddes on, 1881, 765 - of examination, Prof. F. Y. Edge- worth on the, 1888, 763 - and their fallacies, Lord Neaves on, 1871, 192 - - of our foreign trade, and what they tell us, A. E. Bateman on the, 1887, 848 - of Victoria (Australia), notes on the, by Dr. J. Beddoe, 1877, 163 *— — the vital and commercial, of Bath, F. Norfolk on, 1888, 780 Stature, the influence of town life on, J. Park Harrison on, 1883, 568 Staurocephalus, new British, Prof. McIn¬ tosh on a, 1885, 1073 Stays and waist-belts, the physiological bearing of, Prof. Roy and J. G. Adarni on, 1888, 704 Steains (W. J.), on the valley of the Rio Doce, Brazil, 1887, 804 Steam, action upon earth}" minerals of highly heated, Julius Jeffreys on the, 1869, 92 - as the active agent in earthquakes, R. A. Peacock on, 1865, 68 - - blast, C. W. Siemens on the, 1871, 240 Steam boiler, 'William Smith on an im¬ proved annular high-pressure, 1869, 219 * - boiler explosions, H. Dircks on, 1866, 141 — ■ boiler explosions, Lavington E» Fletcher on the unsatisfactory cha¬ racter of coroners’ inquests consequent on, 1868, 190 - toiler explosions , report ontlie various plans proposed for legislating on the subject of, with a view to their preven¬ tion , 1870, 1 ; 1871, 166 ; 1872, 57 - boiler legislation, Lavington E. Fletcher on, 1871, 236 - boiler, marine, J. Lewis on an im¬ proved, 1867, 155 - boilers, Zerah Colburn on, 1864, 185 - boilers, loss of heat arising from incrustation in, W. Thomson on, 1880, 549 * - boilers, incrustation of, W. Thomson on, 1880, 703 * - boilers, J. Waugh on the prevention of incrustation in, 1873, 219 * - cultivation, David Greig on, 1867, 155 - the economic generation of, for electrical purposes, W. W. Beaumont and C. H. W. Biggs on, 1883, 652 - the economical generation of, R. Sutcliffe on, 1873, 216 - the economical utilisation of, R. Sutcliffe on, 1873, 217 - engine, Thomas Newcomen's (1712), T. Lidston on, 1877, 217 * - engine, description of a rotary, by W. R. Thomson, 1865, 191 - engine, R. Eaton on certain improve¬ ments in the, 1869, 228 - engine diagrams, M. F. Fitz¬ gerald on, 1888, 819 - - or hydraulic engine, a new high¬ speed, A. Rigg on, 1886, 808 - engine, the theory of the, Prof R. R. Thurston on, 1884, 569 - engine practice in the United States in 1884, J. C. Hoadlev on, 1884, 886 - engines, direct-acting, W. Smith on a novel arrangement of, 1863, 186 - — — engines, heavy, A. B. Brown on hydraulic machinery for steering, stop¬ ping, and working, 1870, 21 1 - engines, W. Smith on J. Spence’s method of covering boilers, pipes, and cylinders of, for preventing the radia¬ tion of heat, 1863, 187 - engines and other machinery, J. Robinson on the application of work¬ shop tools to the construction of, 1861, 264 - engines, Richards’s indicator for, C. T. Porter on, 1863, 178 - engines, stationary, W. B. Johnston GENERAL INDEX. 397 on the application of the direct action principle to, 1861, 263 Steam of 212° F., Peter Spence on raising a temperature higher than 212° F. in certain solutions by, 1869, 75 - - expansion of, in non-rotative pump¬ ing engines, H. Davey on the, 1880, 697 - - ferry, an elevating, W. Simons on, 1876, 233 - gauge, Prof. Zenger on a new, 1871, 45 * - hammers, John Sturgeon on self¬ acting valve-motion for, 1863, 189 - at high pressures, the efficiency of, and the Carnot theorem, W. W. Beau¬ mont on, 1888, 820 - of high pressure, Dr. F. Grimaldi on a new boiler for generating, 1862, 186 - - influence of friction upon the me¬ chanical efficiency of, Prof. W. J. M. Bankine on the theory of the, 1866, 147 - navigation at Hull, James Oldham's report on, 1861, 239 - power meter , a new , Messrs. Ashton and Storey on, 1870, 15 1 - pressures, R. A. Peacock on a new formula for calculating, 1864, 19 - ship performance, report of the committee on, 1861, 190; 1862, 2S2 ; 1863, 339 - ship performance, report of the com - mittee on the condensation and analysis of tables of , 1867, 58; 1868, 114; 1869, 330 * - ship resistance, J. E. Williams on, 1876, 233 - ships, Charles Atherton on freight as affected by differences in the size and other dynamic properties of, 1861, 82 * - vessel, of the power required for different speeds of the same, R. Mansel on the law, 1879, 526 * - vessels, R. Mansel on the direct motion of, 1876, 227 ^Steamer, Channel, J. White on a form of, 1873, 219 ^Steamers, Capt. A. Henderson on the practical progress of naval architecture in ocean and river, 1864, 186 Steam-liquid temperature of a fluid, a method of determining the, without mechanism, Sir W. Thomson on, 1880, 496 Stearic and palmitic acids, W. Lant Car¬ penter on a new process for the manu¬ facture of, 1873, 71 *Stearn (C. H.) and J. W. Swan on a new form of Sprengel’s air-pump, 1877, 43 *Steel (J.) on the brake problem, 1876, 233 Steel, carbon in, T. Turner on the estima¬ tion of, 1886, 597 Steel, the chemical composition of. Dr. C. Calvert on, 1861, 77 - , crucible, the manufacture of, H. S. Bell on, 1879, 293 * - gradient formation, H. Handyside on a, 1875, 248 - and iron, analysis of, proposed inter¬ national standards to control the, Prof. J. W. Langley on, 1888, 640 - and iron, analysis of, report as to the best method of establishing international standards for the, 1889, 50 ; 1890, 262 * - and iron at the Paris Exhibition, Ferdinand Kohn on the, 1867, 155 ; John Fernie on the, 154 - and iron, the increased tenacity in perforated test bars of, T. Wrightson on, 1882, 664 - or iron for ships of war, description of corrugated, by George Redford, 1863, 182 - manufacture of, in the northern dis¬ tricts, Thomas Spencer on the, 1863, 764 - manufacture of cast, its progress, and employment as a substitute for wrought iron, Henry Bessemer on the, 1865, 165 - manufacture, Ferdinand Kohn on the recent progress of, 1868, 193 - the manufacture of, T. Blair on the separation of iron and phosphorus, specially with reference to, 1879, 296 - mechanical properties of, experimen¬ tal researches by W. Fairbairn on the, 1867, 16 1 ; transverse strain, 166; sum¬ mary of results of experiments on trans¬ verse strains, 218; tensile strain, 221 ; summary of results, 244 ; compression , 247 ; summary of results, 270 - second report, 1869, 96 ; transverse strain, 10 7; summary of results, 122; tensile strain, 123; summary of results, 1 3 1 ; compressive strain, 132 ; summary of results, 140 ; hematite steel, ib. ; Heaton steel, 141 ; comparison of wrought iron with steel, 142 ; general summary of results, 144 ; Appendix I., comparative merits of steel and wr ought- iron girders, 146 ; Apptendix II., de¬ scription of the f urnace and apparatus for the manufacture of steel on the Heaton system, 147 - mechanical properties of, T. Turner on the influence of silicon on the, 1886, 597 - mecha, nical properties of, report on the influence of silicon on the, 1887, 43 ; 1888, 69 ; 1889, 267 ; 1890, 262 - mild, notes on, by G. J Gordon, 1885, 1200 * - the molecular changes which take place in iron and, while cooling, A. Mallock on, 1877, 42 - molecular structure of, the effect of 398 GENERAL INDEX. heat in altering the, Prof. W. F. Barrett on, 1875, *27, 259 Steel, nitrogen in, A. H. Allen on the presence of, 1879, 302 * - - plates for boiler purposes, A. B. Brown on a hanging-iron and, 1876, 219 - produced by skidding railway wheels, J. Head on specimens of, 1887, 872 - rigidity of, Dr. J. D. Everett on the results of experiments on the, 1867, 153 - shot , Copt. W. H. Noble on the pene¬ tration of iron plates by, 1866, 403 - - soft, the production of, in a new type of fixed converter, G. Hatton on, 1886, 593 - for structural purposes , report on the use of, 1878, 157 - - the treatment of , for the construction of ordnance and other purposes, Sir W. Armstrong on, 1882, 398 - unmagnetisable, J. T. Bottomley on a specimen of almost, 1885, 903 - - unmagnetisable (manganese), Prof. W. F. Barrett on the physical properties of a nearly, 1887, 610 - used for permanent magnets, the character of, W. H. Preece on, 1890, 752 Steenstrup (Prof.) on the flints of Pres- signy le Grand, 1865, 129 Steering of screw-steamers, Prof. 0. Rey¬ nolds on the , 1875, 141 ; 1876, 70 • - of vessels, report on the effect of pro¬ pellers on the, 1876, 66; 1877, 200; 1878, 419 5 *1881, 779 . - of screw steamers, Prof. 0. Beynolds on the, *1877, 218 ; 1878, 69 7 - - of ships, Prof. 0. Reynolds on the, 1880, 699 - Dr. Woolley on, 1875, 255 Steiner, un criterium de, relatif a la theorie des sections coniques, M. Halphen sur, 1881, 532 Stellar photography, instruments for, Sir H. Grubb on, 1887, 580 - spectra, exhibition and description of Henry Draper memorial photographs of, by Prof. E. C. Pickering, 1887, 622 - spectrometry , Padre Secchi on, 1868, 165 Stenhouse (Dr.) on the provision exist¬ ing in the United Kingdom for the vigor ous prosecution of physical research, 1869, 213 Stephanos (C.) *sur les faisceaux de forme biquadratique binaire ayant une meme Jacobienne, 1881, 534; *on a connection between homographies in a straight line and points in a space, 538; *sur la representation des rota¬ tions autour d’un point par des points de l’espace, 547 Stephenson (Dr. "William) on the scientific aspects of children’s hospitals, 1871, 221 Stereometry, W7. W. H. Gee and Dr. A. Harden on, 1889, 516 Stereomicro-photographs, Chas. Heisch on a simple method of taking. 1862, 46 Stereoscope, magnifying, A. Claudet on a, with a single lens, 1866, 23 - - modification of the, H. Swan on a, 1863, 17 - real-image, J. Clerk Maxwell on a. 1867, 11 Stereoscopic representation of the cubic Eikon-heptagram, Prof. J. J. Sylvester on Prof. Christian Wiener’s, 1869, 15 Sterilised fluids and wool-plugs, J. Duncan Matthews on, 1883, 531 Sterling (Rev. W. H.) on the natives of Patagonia and Terra del Fuego, 1865, 94 Stern (A. L.) on the action of bromine on the trichloride of phosphorus, 1866, 577 Stethographic tracings of male and female respiratory movements, Dr. Wilber- force Smith on, 1890, 981 *Steuart (Capt. J.) on a proposed new arrangement of ships’ rudders, 1862, 196 Stevelly (Dr. J.) on a mode of deter¬ mining the velocity of sound, 1864, 20 - on the application of D’Alembert’s principle to the rotation of a rigid mass, 1865, 8 Stevens (M.) on canals, 1886, 770 *Stevenson (G.) on a suspended rail¬ way, 1877, 218 - (H.) on the extinction of the Great Bustard in Norfolk and Suffolk, 1868, hi * - (James) on the civilisation of South-eastern Africa, 1876, 208 - on Livingstonia : the opening up of the East African lake district, 1878, 636 - (J. C.), report on the chemical manu¬ factures of the northern districts, 1863, 701 - (Thomas) on a proposal to illuminate beacons and buoys, by electricity con¬ veyed through submarine wires con¬ nected with the shore, 1867, 14 - on a paraboloidal reflector for light¬ houses, consisting of silver facets of ground glass, and on a differential holopliote, 1871, 37 ; on an automatic gauge for the discharge of water over waste wreirs, 241 ; on a thermometer of translation for recording the daily changes of temperature, ib. Steward (Rev. C. J.) on an investigation of the seasonal variations of tempera¬ ture in lakes, rivers, and estuaries, 1888, 326 ; 1889, 44 ; 1890, 92 GENERAL INDEX. 39!) Stewart (Balfour), report on the theory of exchanges, and its recent extension, 1861, 97 ‘ - on the photographic records given at the Kew Observatory of the great magnetic storm of the end of August and beginning of September 1859, 1861, 47 ; on anew minimum mercurial thermometer proposed by Mr. Casella, 74 - - on standards of electrical resistance, 1863, hi. 163; 1864, 345; 1865, 308; 1867,474; 1869,434; 1870, 14 - - on sun-spots and their connection with planetary configurations, 1863, 1 1 ; on the comparison of the curves afforded by self-recording magneto¬ graphs at Kew and Lisbon, for July 1863, 25 - on the magnetic storm of the begin¬ ning of August 1865, as recorded by the self-recording magnetographs at the Kew and Lisbon Observatories, 1865, 20 - on the errors of aneroids at various pressures, 1867, 26 - on the rate of increase of underground temperature, 1868, 510; 1869, 176; 1870, 29 ; 1871, 14 - - on the thermal conductivity of iron, 1869, 175 ; on the provision existing in the United Kingdom for the vigorous prosecution of physical research , 213 - on meteorological reductions, with especial reference to the element of vapour, 1869, 43 ; on a self-recording rain-gauge, 52 - on the temperature-equilibrium of an enclosure in which there is a body in visible motion, 1871, 45 - on asthereal friction, 1873, 32 - - on science-lectures and organisation, 1873, 495, 507 ; on science-organisation as regards meteorology , 498, 508 - on the teaching of physics in schools, 1874, 71 ; on the selection and nomen¬ clature of dynamical and electrical units, 255 - Address to the Mathematical and Physical Section, 1875, 1 - - on the specific volumes of liquids, 1875, 62 - - on the mechanical equivalent of heat, 1876, 275; 1878, 102; 1879, 36 - on the progress of the chief branches of mathematics and physics, 1879, 37 - on the possibility of the existence of intra-mercurial planets, 1881, 518 - on the proposed publication by the Meteorological Society of the Mauritius of daily synoptic charts of the Indian Ocean from the year 1861, 1882, 38; 1883, 1 18; 1884,32; 1885, 60; 1887,40 - on the methods employed in the calibration of mercurial thermometers, 1882, 145 Stewart (Balfour) on a similarity be¬ tween magnetical and meteorological weather, 1882, 460 ; on a supposed con¬ nection between the heights of rivers and the number of spots on the sun, 462 - on the forms of the influence exerted by the sun on the magnetism of the earth, 1883, 419 ; on a modification of Bunsen’s ice calorimeter, 432 - on the best methods of recording the direct intensity of solar radiation, 1884, 28; 1885,156; 1886,63; 1887, 32 - on Mr. E. J. Lome s project of estab¬ lishing a meteorological observatory 'near Chepstow, 1884, 35; 1885, 64; 1886. 139; 1887, 39 - on comparing and reducing magnetic- observations, 1885, 65, 68, 76 ; 1886, 64. 75, 78 ; 1887, 320, 332 ; 1888, 28 - and W. L. Carpenter on apparent sun-spot inequalities of short period, 1883, 418 - on certain short periods com¬ mon to solar and terrestrial meteoro¬ logical phenomena, 1884, 634 - results of a comparison between the wind values and declination dis¬ turbances at the Kew Observatory, 1888, 28 - and Prof. H. E. Roscoe on the heat of the sunshine at the Kew Observa¬ tory, as registered by Campbell’s method, 1883, 414 - — — (Charles) on the marine fauna and flora of the south coast of Devon and Cornwall, 1865, 51 ; 1867, 275 *- — - on the structure of the Echinoidea regularia, 1866, 79 - (D.), hydraulic attachment to sugar mills, 188*6, 805 - ( J. C.), the Post Office Savings Bank system of Canada, 1884, 834 * - (Rev. Mr.) on a voyage on the Lake Nyassa, Eastern Africa, 1862, 196 * - (Neil) on the intimate structure of spiral ducts in plants, and their relationship to the flower, 1871, 131 ; an inquiry into the functions of colour in plants during ditf erent stages of their development, ib. - (S. A.) on the mosses of the North¬ east of Ireland, 1874, 134 Stigmaricc , Prof. Dickson on, from the fossiliferous strata of Auchentorlie. 1872, 127 Stigmatics, plane, Alexander J. Ellis on, 1864, 2 ; 1866, 1 Stileman (F. C.) on Portishead Dock. 1875, 252 Stilifer, J. G-. Jeffreys on, a genus of quasi-parasitic molluscs, 1864, 99 400 GENERAL INDEX. Still-births, George Seton on the expedi¬ ency of recording, 1871, 215 Stimulants of the ancient and modern savages, ethnological hints afforded by the, Miss A. W. Buckland on, 1877, ii5 Stipa, Sir J. Lubbock on the mode in which the seed of, buries itself in the ground, 1881, 668 ^Stirling ( J.) on the races of Morocco, 1869, 15 1 ; on a visit to the holy city of Fas, in Morocco, 168 * . - (Dr. N.) on the nervous apparatus of the lungs, 1876, 163 - (Prof. W.) on the researches on food- fishes at the St. Andrews marine laboratory , 1886, 268 ; 1888, 141 - on the desirability of combined action for the translation of foreign memoirs, ‘1887, 41 Stirrup (M.), recent opinions on the Loess deposits of the valley of the Rhine, 1883, 497 - on foreign boulders in coal-seams, 1887, 686 Stobcross Docks, description of, by J. Deas, 1876, 220 *Stockdale (R.) and J. E. Marsh on the production of camphor from tur¬ pentine, 1890, 785 Stocks (H. B.) on concretions, 1886, 670 Stockton, John Hogg on the fossil teeth of a horse found in the red clay at, 1863, 70 Stockworks of Cornwall, some of the, C. LeNeve Foster on, 1877, 70 *Stoddart (J. E.) on lead desilverising by the zinc process, 1876, 69 — — (W. W.) on the lowest beds of the Clifton Carboniferous series, 1861, 71 - on auriferous limestone at Walton, 1875, 81 Stoess (the Chevalier de), the Panama canal, 1883, 659 Stokes (Prof. G. G.), report on double refraction, 1862, 253 - Address to the Section of Mathe¬ matics and Physical Science, 1862, 1 - on tidal observations, 1868, 489 ; 1870, 120 - Presidential Address at Exeter , 1869, lxxxix. - on the provision existing in the United Kingdom for the vigorous pro¬ secution of physical research, 1869, 213 — on the importance of completing , without delay, the valuable investiga¬ tion into the composition and geological distribution of the haematite iron- ores of Great Britain and Ireland, 1870, 9 - on the researches of the late Rev. W. Vernon Harcourt on the optical properties of glass, 1871, 38 - on mathematical tables , 1873, 1 ; 1875, 305; 18J8, 172; 1879,46; 1880, 30; 1881, 303 ; 1883, 1 18 Stokes (Prof. G. G.) on the construction of a perfectly achromatic telescope, 1871, 26 - on mathematical notation and print¬ ing, 1875,337 - on a phenomenon of metallic reflec¬ tion, 1876, 41 - on the progress of the chief branches of mathematics and physics, 1879, 37 - on the proposed publication by the Meteorological Society of the Mauritius of daily synoptic charts of the Indian Ocean from the year 1861, 1882, 38 ; 1883, 1 18; 1881, 32; 1885, 60; 1887,40 - on the best experimental methods that can be used in observing total solar eclipses, 1883, 49 - on the best methods of recording the direct intensity of solar radiation , 1884,28; 1885, 156; 1886, 63; 1887, 32; [Sir G. G.] 1889,40; 1890, 144 - and J. Hopkinson on the optical properties of a titano-silicic glass, 1875, 26 *Stomach, the reason why it is not digested by its own secretion during life, Dr. Pavy on, 1863, 191 Stone age in Japan, Prof. J. Milne on the, 1879, 401 * - age of Lyell and Lubbock, is the, as yet at all proven ? By W. D. Michell, 1871, 155 - age, supposed, John Crawfurd on the, 1864, 143 - age in South Africa, W. D. Gooch on the, 1880, 622 - — — artificial, Prof. D. T. Ansted on, 1862, 183 - artificial, and various kinds of silica, Rev. H. Highton on, 1870, 60 . artificial, F. Ransome on some recent improvements in the manufac¬ ture of, 1872, 248 - circles in Aberdeenshire, J. Milne on, 1885, 1223 - circles in Aberdeenshire, the, with special reference to those in the more Lowland parts of the county, Rev. J. Peter on, 1885, 1221 - circles in Cumberland, three, A. L. Lewis on, with some further observa¬ tions on the relation of stone circles to adjacent hills and outlying stones, 1885, 1220 - circles, the relation of, to outlying stones or tumuli, or neighbouring hills, with some inferences therefrom, A. L. Lewis on, 1881, 697 - decay and preservation of, employed in building, Dr. Paul on the, 1862, 5° - disintegration of, exposed in build- GENERAL INDEX. 40 L ings and otherwise to atmospheric in¬ fluence, Prof. James Thomson on the, 1862, 35 Stone dressing in Bradford, A. Neill on, 1873, 214 * - hammers, a suggestion as to the boring of, by W. Horne, 1890, 980 - implement periods in England, J. W. Flower on the relative ages of the flint- and, 1871, 150 - — — implement, Dr. J. H. Gladstone on the recent discovery of a, in the brick- earth of Erith, 1875, 175 - - implements from Western Africa, Sir J. Lubbock on, 1870, 154 * - - implements from Asia Minor, ex¬ hibition of, by Hyde Clarke, 1881, 703 - implements and fragments of pot¬ tery from Canada, SirD. Gibb on, 1872, 186 - implements from British Guiana, F. W. Rudler on, 1873, 148 — — implements, ancient, in India, the forms and geographical distribution of, Y. Ball on, 1879, 394 - implements, the occurrence of, in the coast laterite, south of Madras, and in high-level gravels and other forma¬ tions in the South Mahratta country, R. B. Foote on, 1880, 589 * - implements from Rangoon, Vice- Adm. Sir E. Belcher on, 1869, 129 - mortars in the ancient (Pliocene ?) river-gravels of Butte Co., California, S. B. J. Skertchly on the occurrence of, 1887, 907 - preservation of, John Spiller on the, 1867, 44 * - the preservation of, A. H. Church on, 1870, 53 *Stone (Daniel) on the Rochdale Co¬ operative Societies, 1861, 269 - (J. Harris), the Viking’s ship dis¬ covered in 1880 at Sandefjord in Nor¬ way, 1881, 689 - on the Ancient Inhabitants of the Canary Islands, 1888, 851 - (Octavius) on his recent journeys in New Guinea, 1876, 184 - (Dr. W. H.) on the rate of cardiac hypertrophy, 1878, 608 - on the effect of the voltaic current on the elimination of sugar, 1881, 724 * - on the electrical resistance of the human body, 1883, 544 ; *on some effects of brain disturbance on the handwriting, ib. - on an electrodynamometer with ex¬ tremely light-moving coil, for the measurement of small alternating cur¬ rents, 1881, 654 - on the employment of Mance’s method for eliminating the effects of polarisation, to determine the resist¬ ance of the human body, 1885, 900 Stones, black, Dr. T. L. Phipson on the, which fell from the atmosphere at Bir¬ mingham in 1858, 1864, 37 - of primaeval Egyptian period, notes on some specimens of saw-cuts and drill-holes in hard, by W. F. Petrie, 1881, 697 Stoney (B. B.) on the deflection of iron girders, 1861, 265 - on recent improvements in the Port of Dublin, 1878, 167 - — - description of a new lift-bridge for the Midland Great Western Railway, over the Royal Canal at Newcomen Bridge, Dublin, 1878, 697 - (F. G. M.) on the construction of sluices for rivers, &c., 1890, 954 - (G. Johnstone) on the amount of the direct magnetic effect of the sun or moon on instruments at the earth’s surface, 1861, 47 - report on the adequacy of existing data for carrying into effect the sugges¬ tion of Gauss, to apply his general theory of terrestrial magnetism to the magnetic variations, 1862, 170 * - on a nomenclature for multiples and submultiples to render absolute standards convenient in practice, and on the fundamental unit of mass, 1866, 6 — - on the natural system of coinage, 1868, 1 77 - *on the numerical relations between the wave-lengths of the hydrogen rays,. 1869, 24 ; on collimators for adjusting Newtonian telescopes, 52 ; on a cheap form of heliostat, 53 - on the cause of the interrupted spectra of gases, 1870, 41; on the recent formation of gravel beds resem¬ bling Middle Drift, 86 ; on the effect which a mint charge has upon the value of coins, to which is added a proposition for securing at once some of the advantages of international coinage, 201 - on one cause of transparency, 1871, 41 ; on the advantage of referring the positions of lines in the spectrum to a scale of wmve-numbers. 42 * - on the relation between British and metrical measures, 1871, 222 - on constructing and printing cata¬ logues of spectral rays arranged upon a scale of rvav e-numbers, 1872, 53 ; 1873, 249; 1874, 241 - on the selection and nomenclature of dynamical and electrical units, 1873, 222, 225 ; 1874, 255 * - continuation of the nebular origin. D D 402 GENERAL INDEX. of the earth, 1874, 22 ; *on the physi¬ cal units of nature, ib. *STONEY (G. Johnstone) on the ampli¬ tude of waves of light and heat, 1876, 31 ; *on acoustic analogues to motions in the molecules of gases, ib. ; *011 the atomicity of oxygen and on the con¬ stitution of basic salts, 69 - on the oscillation- frequencies of solar rays, 1878, 37 - ’'"on a spectroscope of unusually large aperture, 1878, 441 ; on the cause of travelling motion of spheroidal drops, 442 - Address to the Section of Mathema¬ tics and Physical Science, 1879, 243 ; on the cause of bright lines in the spectra of comets, 251 ; on the curve of po¬ larisation stress, as determined by Mr. Crookes’ measures with the radiometer, 256 ; on complete expansions for the conduction of heat and the polarisation stress in gases, ib. ; on a binocular spectroscope, 292 ; on a simple two- prism automatic motion, ib. ; on scales of variable length for the eye-pieces of spectroscopes, ib. - on the present state of our knowledge of spectrum analysis , 1880, 258; 1881, 317; 1882, 120; 1884, 295 * - on the cause of crystalline form, 1883, 400; *on the relation between chemical constitution and crystalline form, 464 - on the best methods of recording the direct intensity of solar radiation , 1884, 28; 1885, 156; 1886, 63; 1887, 32 ; 1889, 40 ; 1890, 144 ; on Mr. E. J. Lome's project of establishing a meteor¬ ological observatory near Chepstow , 1884, 35; 1885, 64; 1886, 139; 1887, 39 - *on thermal effusion and the limit¬ ing pressure in polarised gas, 1885, 904 ; an approximate determination of the absolute amounts of the weights of the chemical atoms, 987 ; on macro¬ molecules (molecules of matter in the crystalline state as distinct from the chemical molecule), and determinations of some of them, 988 * - on the relation of the ether to space, 1889, 504 - on the desirability of introducing a uniform nomenclature for the funda¬ mental units of mechanics , 1888, 27 ; *on the proof of the logarithmic law of atomic weights, 562 ; *on the logarith¬ mic law and its connection with the atomic weigh' s, 630 - and Prof J. E. Reynolds on the absorption spectrum of chlorochromic anhydride, 1878, 434 - G. F. FitzGerald, and R. J. Moss on the support of spheroidal drops and allied phenomena, 1878, 441 Stooke (T. S.) on the circulation of underground maters , 1881,309; 1882, 213; 1883, 147; 1884, 96; 1880,380; 1886, 235; 1887, 358; 1888, 145; 1889, 71 ; 1890, 352 Stopes (H.) on a Palaeolithic stone im¬ plement from Egypt, 1880, 624 ; on a Palaeolithic flint implement from Pa¬ lestine, ib. ; on the salting mounds of Essex, 631 - - on some ores and minerals from Laurium, Greece, 1881, 650 ; traces of man in the Crag, 700 ; some results of the removal of the malt tax, 765 - the influences of the beer duty, 1882, 638 — indications of retrogression in Pre¬ historic civilisation in the Thames valley, 1890, 979 Storage of power, the chemical aspect of the, Prof. E. Frankland on, 1884, 673 Storey and Ashton (Messrs.) on a new steam-power meter, 1870, 151 Storm of December 3, 1863, John Hart- nup on the, from the records of the self-registering instruments of the Liverpool Observatory, 1864, 17 * - of December 1864 on the coast of the Peninsula, J. B. Capello on the, 1865, 17 - warnings, Colonel Sykes on their importance and practicability, 1867, 27 - warnings in Mauritius, C. Meldrum on, 1868, 30 Storms, Professor Hennessy on the con¬ nection between, and vertical disturb¬ ances of the atmosphere, 1861, 61 - and changes of weather , H . Hennessy on the vertical movements of the atmo¬ sphere considered in connection with , 1862, 165 - cyclone theory of, G. A. Rowell on objections to the, 1862, 34 - law of, William Danson on the universal, 1861, 52 * . of the St. Lawrence and great lakes of Canada, Dr. Hurlbert on the, 1862, 195 * - some peculiar, on the North Ameri¬ can Continent, Dr. J. B. Hurlbert on, 1884, 807 - the periodical return of, T. J. Murday on, 1889, 509 Stothert (J. L.) on a machine for test¬ ing girders, 1864, 189 Stourbridge canal, E. B. Marten on the, 1886, 773 Stow (Rev. F. W.) on the absorption of the sun’s heat-rays by the vapour of the atmosphere, 1874, 39 Strachey (General R.) on the scope of GENERAL INDEX. 403 scientific geography, illustrated by re¬ marks on the climate of India, 1872, 214 Strachey (General R.) on the best means of providing for a uniformity of weights and measures , with reference to the in¬ terests of science , 1874, 359 - - Address to the Geographical Section, 1875, 180 - on the datum-level of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain , and the tabu¬ lation and comparison of other datum- marks, 1877, 220 ; 1878, 219 ; 1879, 219 • - on a differential gravity meter, 1886, 141 ; 1887, 41 ; 1888, 72 • - on the desirability of further re¬ search in the Antarctic regions, 1888, 316 * - meteorological conditions of the Red Sea, 1888, 738 ; fsea temperatures in the neighbourhood of Cape Guarda- fui, ib. • - on the geography and geology of the Atlas ranges in the Empire of Morocco, 1889, 165 Strahan (A.) on underground tempera¬ ture, 1881, 90 ; 1882, 72 ; 1883, 45 ; 1885, 93; 1889, 35 - - on the discovery of Coal-Measures under New Red Sandstone, and on the so-called Permian rocks of St. Helen's, Lancashire, 1881, 632; on the Lower Keuper Sandstone of Cheshire, 635 - on the rocks surrounding the War¬ wickshire coal-field, and on the base of the Coal-measures, 1886, 624 Strain, F. J. Brammell on the influence of form considered in relation, to the strength of railway axles and other portions of machinery subjected to rapid alternations of, 1869, 422 Strains in the interior of beams, G. B. Airy on the, 1862, 82 * - the measurement of, A. Mallock on, 1890, 962 *Strandlouper from South Africa, exhibi¬ tion of a skeleton of a, by Prof. A. Macalister, 1885, 1228 Strang (John) on the comparative pro¬ gress of the English and Scottish popu¬ lation as shown by the census of 1861. 1861, 243 ; on the altered condition of the embroidery manufacture of Scot¬ land and Ireland since 1857, ib. Strange (Lieut. -Col. A.) on the necessity for State intervention to secure the progress of physical science, 1868, 6 - on mapping the surface of the moon, 1869, 76; on the provision existing in the United’ Kingdom for the vigorous prosecution of physical research, 213 * - on the best forms of numerical figures for scientific instruments, and a proposed mode of engraving them, 1869, 53 ; *ona small altazimuth instru¬ ment for the use of explorers, 168 Strange (Lieut.-Col. A.) on Govern¬ ment action on scientitic questions, 1871, 56 - on the duty of the British Associ - ation with respect to the distribution of its funds, 1872, 63 - on the necessity for placing physical meteorology on a rational basis, 1871, 40 Strangwayts (C. Fox) on the circulation of underground waters, 1882, 213; 1884, 96; 1885, 380; 1886,235 Strata, the Rev. J. Gunn on the alter¬ nate elevations and subsidences of the land, and the order of the succession of, in Norfolk and Suffolk, 1868, 66 - between Huyton and St. Helens, Dr. C. Ricketts on sections of, 1870, 85 Strath, Isle of Skye, some points in the geology of, Profs. King and Rowney on, 1870, 78 Strath-Errick, Lough Ness, Dr. J. Bryce on the granite of, 1876, 87 Stratified rocks of Islay, J. Thomson on the, 1871, 1 13 Strawberry, some substances obtained from the root of the, Dr. T. L. Phipson on, 1878, 514 Stream-lines, a problem in, Prof. A. W. Rucker on, 1881, 554 - Prof. W. J. M. Rankine on the properties of certain, 1864, 20 Streams, combined, the mathematical theory of, Prof. J. W. M. Rankine on. 1870/i8 - - - convexity of surface of, Major A. Cunningham on the, 1882, 665 - depression of maximum velocity in< Major A. Cunningham on the, 1882, 665 - the thermodynamic acceleration and retardation of, Prof. J. W. M. Rankine on, 1870, 18 ^Street management, F. Wilson on, 1870, 229 - pipe arrangements for extinguishing fires, J. F. Bateman on, 1861, 255 ■{'Streeter (J. S.), the ruby mines of Burma, 1887, 803 ^Streets, Joseph Mitchell on a new mode of constructing the surface of, 1867< 156 ^Stress, transverse, the effect of, on the magnetic susceptibility of iron, Sir W. Thomson on, 1877, 37 Stresses produced in an elastic solid by inequalities of temperature, Dr. 3. Hopkinson on the, 1872, 51 Stretching of liquids, Prof. A. M. Worth¬ ington on the, 1888, 583 Striated stone from the Trias of Portia- head, Prof. W. J. Sollas on a, 1880, 586 d d 2 404 GENERAL INDEX. Stricker (Prof. S.) and Prof. Burdon Sanderson on a new method of study¬ ing the capillary circulation in Mam¬ mals, 1870, 142 ‘ Strike,’ the influence of, on the physical features of Ireland, E. T. Hardman on, 1878, 541 Strikes, Dr. J. Watts on, 1861, 249 - W. H. Dodd on the economic law of, 1874, 201 - - - and lock-outs, F. P. Fellows on, 1874, 203 Stroh (A.) on the determination of a gauge for the manufacture of various small screws, 1882, 31 1; 1883, 318: 1884, 287 Strontium, Prof. H. E. Roscoe on the existence of, in the Bath waters, 1864, 4i Stroud (Prof. H.) on the E.M.F. pro¬ duced by an abrupt variation of tem¬ perature at the point of contact of two portions of the same metal, 1889, 504 - (Prof. W.) and Prof. A. Barr on some new telemeters , or range-finders, 1890, 499 - on the use of the lantern in class¬ room work, 1890, 727 ; *exhibition of a mechanism, 962 - and W. W. H. Gee, a null method in electro- calorimetry, 1887, 581 - and W. W. H. Gee, electro-calori¬ metry, 1888, 565 *Stroudley (W.) on communications between passengers and guards in railway trains, 1876, 233 * - on the construction of locomotive engines for the London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway, 1884, 890 * - and Mr. Rushbridge on com¬ munication between passengers and guards, 1875, 252 Struthers (Prof. J.) on some rudimen¬ tary structures recently met with in the dissection of a large fin- whale, 1871, 142 ; on the cervical vertebrae in Cetacea, ib.\ *on skulls presenting sa¬ gittal synostosis, 160 - on the occurrence of the supra- condyloid process in man, 1872, 156; on the sternum and pelvic bone in the right whale and in great fin-whales, ib. ; on the occurrence of finger-muscles in the bottle-nose whale, ib. * - on the diverticulum of the small intestine in man, considered as a rudi¬ mentary structure, 1873, 134 * - an account of finger-muscles found in the Greenland right whale, 1876, 163; *an account of dissections of the supposed rudimentary hind limb of the Greenland right whale, ib. - on the acetabulum of animals in which the Hgamemum teres is de¬ scribed as wanting, 1881, 720 ; on the correspondence between the articula¬ tions of the metacarpal and metatarsal bones in man, 721 Struthers (Prof. J.) on the rudimentary hind-limb of the Tay whale, Meg apt era longimana , 1884, 766 - on the establishment of a marine biological station at Granton , Scotland , 1885,474; 1886, 251; 1887,91 - on the exploration of JYew Guinea , 1885, 690 ; on the Tay whale ( Megap - tera longimana ) and other whales recently obtained in the district, 1053 ; on the carpal bones in various Ceta¬ ceans, 1056 ; account of the dissection of the rudimentary hind-limb of Balcen- optera musculus. ib.; on the cervical vertebras in Balcena mysticetus , &c., 1103; on the development of the foot of the horse, ib. ; on the development of the vertebrae of the elephant, ib. ; on the human crania and other con¬ tents found in short stone cists in Aberdeenshire, 1225; notice of human bones found in 1884 in Balta Island, Shetland, by D. Edmonston, Esq., ib. Struthionidae, Dr. Edwards Crisp on the anatomy of the, 1864, 92 *Strutt (Hon. J. W.) on a permanent deflection of the galvanometer-needle by a rapid series of equal and opposite induced currents, 1868, 20 ■ - on an electro-magnetic experiment, 1869, 46 - experiments on colour, 1870,43 - on the application of photography to- copy diffraction-gratings, 1872, 39 - for communications after 1872, see ‘ Rayleigh, Lord ’ Stuart (Mr. McDonald), Hon. J. Baker on recent explorations in Australia by, 1861, 184 *— — account of his journey across Aus¬ tralia, 1864, 148 - (Major R.) on the Ylakhs of Mount Pindus, 1867, 130 Stuart- Glenn ie (J. S.), the non-Aryan and non-Semitic white races, and their place in the history of civilisation, 1887, 898 ^Sturgeon (John) on self-acting valve- motion for steam-hammers, 1863, 189 - the Birmingham compressed-air power scheme, 1886, 822 Sturm (Prof. R.) on some new theorems on curves of double curvature, 1881, 440 Stylonurus in the Cornstone of Hereford, H. Woodward on the occurrence of, 1869, 103 ^Subaqueous rocks, Major Beaumont on the removal of, by the diamond rock- borer, 1876, 219 Submarine cables. ( See 1 Telegraph ’) GENERAL INDEX. 405 Submarine explorations, J. G. Jeffreys on, with reference to M. Delesse’s work entitled ‘ Lithologie du fond des Mers,’ 1872, 1 15 * - ram and gun, M. Scott on a, 1870, 228 * - guns, the machinery and working of, M. Scott on, 1870, 228 Submerged forest in the estuary of the Orwell, discovery of a, J. E. Taylor on the, 1875, 82 Subsidence and elevation of land, J. S. Gardner on the cause of, 1882, 541 - as the effect of accumulation, Dr. C. Ricketts on, 1882, 540 Subsidences at Northwich and its neigh¬ bourhood, the history and cause of, T. Ward on, 1887, 713 - above the Permian Limestone be¬ tween Hartlepool and Ripon, A. G. Cameron on the, 1881, 617 .Substitutions, Rev. T. P. Kirkman on the roots of, 1861, 4 ■Subterranean movements, Prof. Vaughan on, 1861, 134 Subway, City of London and Southwark, J. H. Greathead on the, 1887, 870 Sub-Wealden exploration, W. Topley on the, 1872, 122 - report on the, 1873, 490; 1874, 21; 1875, 346 - geological report by IF. Topley on the , 1873, 491 ; 1874, 22; 1875, 347 * - Major Beaumont on the, 1876, 87 * - H. Willett on the, 1876, 97 Succession, chattel and freehold, the assimilation of, J. H. Edge on, 1878, 663 Succinic acid, Dr. Maxwell Simpson on the formation of, from chloride of ethylidene, 1867, 42 Sudan, the Egyptian, Sir C. Wilson on the native tribes of the, 1886, 833 t - trade prospects with the, Major Watson on, 1887, 801 -*Suez Canal, Capt. C. Dodd on a recent visit to the, 1869, 160 - Canal, R. P. Sellon on electric light applied to night navigation upon the, 1888, 814 - the Gulf of, the testaceous Mollusca obtained during a dredging excursion in the, R. M’Andrew on, 1870, 120 Suffolk, East, the range of the Lower Tertiaries of, W. IT. Dalton on, 1880, 575 - eastern coast of, Dr, Edwards Crisp on the skeleton of a fossil whale re¬ cently exhumed on the, 1868, 61 - Rev. J. Gunn on the alternate ele¬ vations and subsidences of the land, and the order of succession of strata in Norfolk and, 1868, 66 - W. D. Harding on the drainage of the fens of Cambridgeshire, Hunting¬ donshire, Norfolk, and, 1868, 166 Suffolk, G. Maw on the sequence of the deposits in Norfolk and, superior to the Red Crag, 1868, 73 - H. Stevenson on the extinction of the Great Bustard in Norfolk and, 1868, hi - S. V. Wood, jun., and F. W. Harmer on the Glacial and Post-Glacial struc¬ ture of Norfolk and, ] 868, 80 - Rev. J. Gunn on the prospect of finding productive Coal-Measures in Norfolk and, 1872, 102 * Sugar, T. L. Patterson on, 1876, 67 - cane and invert, the specific rota¬ tory power of, A. H. Allen on, 1880, 541 - cane and inverted, Rev. Prof. Jellett on a method of determining with ac¬ curacy the ratio of the rotating power of, 1869, 69 - - contained in the nectar of various flowers, the amounts of, A. S. Wilson on, 1878, 504 - the elimination of, W. H. Stone on the effect of the voltaic current on, 1881, 724 - the manufacture and refining of, in Bristol, 1875, H. T. Chamberlain on, 1875, 39 - mills, D. Stewart on hydraulic attachment to, 1886, 805 * - refining, J. A. R. Newlands on the alum process in, 1876, 66 - - trade in Bristol, H. Chamberlain on the rise and progress of the, 1875, 209 Sugg- (W), improvements in gas illumi¬ nation, 1882, 669 *SULIVAN (R.), the resources of Siberia, and the practicability of the Northern Sea route, 1889, 668 *Sullivan (Dr. W. K.) on the precipi¬ tation of aluminous silicates from solu¬ tion, 1864, 42 Sulphates of copper, zinc, and iron, de¬ scription of some new crystallised combinations, by J. Spiller, 1885, 976 ^Sulphides, the action of ammoniacal salts on metallic, M. de Clermont on, 1879, 309 Sulphine salts derived from ethylena sulphide, Dr. Orme Masson on, 1885, 974 Sulphites, Dr. Polli on the antiseptic properties of the, 1867, 103 - researches on, by P. J. Hartog, 18S9, 549 Sulphocyanide of ammonium, Dr. T. L. Phipson on, 1868, 41 Sulpho-urea, Dr. J. E. Reynolds on the action of aldehyde on, 1871, 76 Sulphur and bitumen deposit at the south-west corner of the Dead Sea, Rev. IT. B. Tristram on the, 1864, 73 406 GENERAL INDEX. Sulphur cells, S. Bidwell on the sensitive¬ ness to light of selenium and, 1885, 981 - - cell, with a solid electrolyte, S. Bidwell on the generation of a voltaic current by a, 1885, 982 - in coal and coke, estimation of, F. Crace-Calvert on the, 1871, 68 _ - in coal gas, a method for the deter¬ mination of, A. Vernon Harcourt on, 1870, 59 * - the estimation of, W. Marriott on, 1870, 60 - - compound formed by the action of sulphuretted hydrogen on formiate of lead at a high temperature, VvT. J. Hurst on the, 1861, 82 - in Corfu, Prof. D. T. Ansted on a deposit of, 1863, 64 . - dichloride, J. Dalzell and T. E. Thorpe on the existence of, 1871, 68 - - in mixed gases, Dr. W. Bird Hera- path on a new method of detecting, by its hydrogen compound, 1864, 31 . - in iron or steel, A. V. Harcourt on colour tests for the estimation of, 1879, 303 - - manufacture of, from alkali waste in Great Britain, Dr. Ludwig Mond on the, 1868, 40 - - in organic compounds, R. T. Plimp¬ ton on the estimation of the halogens and, 1887, 669 ■ - and oxide of manganese, I. Lowthian Bell on a method of recovering, used at Dieuze, near Nancy, France, 1867, * - the regeneration of, employed in the alkali manufacture by the Mactear process, J. Mactear on, 1877, 52 - — separation of, by an organism (Beg- gatoa alia), A. W. Bennett on the, 1884, 735 . - springs of Valdieri in Piedmont, M. Moggridge on the ‘ Muff a ’ of the, 1868, 106 *— — -urea, Prof. J. E. Reynolds on the action of the, in metallic solutions, 1874, 66 -urea, notes on the preparation of, by Prof. J. E. Reynolds, 1874, 66 - waters of Yorkshire, C. II. Botham- ley on the, 1890, 779 Sulphuretted hydrogen, the action of, upon silver, Prof. F. P. Dunnington on, 1884, 678 Sulphuric acid, action of, on etliylaniline and dimethylaniline, Dr. H. E. Arm¬ strong on the, 1873, 62 * - the distillation of, T. Fairley on, 1870 55 T. Tate on the elasticity of the vapour of, 1863, 17 — native, Prof. Mallet on the occur¬ rence of, in Eastern Texas, 1872, 78 Sulphuric acid, manufacture of, J. Pat- tinson on the various kinds of pyrites used on the Tyne and neighbourhood in the, 1863, 49 Sulphurous acid, the action of, in aqueous solution, on phosphates and other com¬ pounds, Dr. Gerland on, 1870, 56 - P. Spence on the economisation of, in copper-smelting, 1867, 43 Sumatra, H. O. Forbes on the Koeboes and other tribes of, 1883, 565 - Central, the Dutch expedition to. Prof. P. J. Veth on, 1879, 434 Sun, autographs of the, Rev. Prof. Selwyn on, 1862, 17 - the chemical elements in the, Profs. Dewar and Liveing on, 1883, 455 - Dr. Janssen sur un methode pour obtenir les images monochromatiques des corps lumineux, 1869, 23 * - the eclipse of the, observed at Siam in April 1875, Dr. J. Janssen on, 1876, 40 * - elements in the, J. N. Lockyer on the, 1873, 65 - - - the forms of the influence exerted by the, on the magnetism of the earth. Prof. Balfour Stewart on, 1883, 419 * - glows and halo, the recent, in con¬ nection with the eruption of Krakatoa, Prof. E. D. Archibald on, 1884, 641 - heat coefficients, report of the Com¬ mittee appointed for the calculation of, 1879, 66 ; 1881, 89 - heat from different parts of tire solar disc, a radiometric record of, W. E. Wilson on, 1890, 760 * - heat received at the several lati¬ tudes of the earth, taking account of the absorption of heat by the atmo¬ sphere, with conclusions as to the absolute radiation of earth-heat into space, and the minimum duration of geological time, Prof. S. Haughton on the, 1878, 482 - the internal constitution of the. Prof. A. Schuster on, 1883, 427 - light, the action of, on P203, Rev. A. Irving on, 1883, 463 — — - light, T. Gaffleld on the action of, on colourless and coloured glass, 1872, 37 - light and sky light at high altitudes, Captain W. de W. Abney on, 1882, 459 — - — - or moon, magnetic effect of the, G. Johnstone Stoney on the amount of the direct, on instruments at the earth’s surface, 1861, 47 - - - myths in modern Hellas, J. T. Benton, 1888, 850 - the nature of the corona of the, Dr. W. Huggins on, 1885, 932 - the period of rotation of the, as GENERAL INDEX. 407 determined by the spectroscope, H. Crew on, 1887, 583 Sun, physical aspect of the, Prof. J. Phillips on the, 1864, 7 — — - relative distances of the planets from the, R. S. Browne on the, 1863, 5 - some matters relating to the, Dr. A. Schuster on, 1882, 442 - worship in Hampshire and Wilt¬ shire, traces of ancient, T. W. Shore on, 1886, 843 - see ‘ Solar ’ Sun’s heat, Prof. W. Thomson on the physical considerations regarding the possible age of the, 1861, 27 ; on the origin and total amount of the, 28 - - protuberances, Dr. Janssen on a method of observing the, 1869, 23 - rays, Dr. T. L. Pliipson on a new method of measuring the chemical ac¬ tion of the, 1863, 50 * - rotation, a method of showing the, by spectrum photography, Capt. Abney on, 1877, 31 — — spectrum, J. P. Gassiot on the adap¬ tation of bisulphide of carbon prisms, and the use of telescopes of long focal distance, in the examination of the. 1864, 11 - surface, J. Nasmyth on some pe¬ culiar features in the structure of the, 1862, 16 - surface, and the currents in its atmosphere, J. J. Murphy on the dis¬ tribution of heat on the, 1863, 9 Sunshine, Prof. Hennessy on the relative amount of, falling on the torrid zone of the earth, 1862, 31 - recorder, J. T. Goddard on the, 1861, 61 - - recorder stand, a universal, G. M. Whipple on, 1881, 540 - recorder, a new, W. E. Wilson on, 1886, 533 Sun-spot activity and terrestrial magnetic disturbance, the general coincidence between, Rev. F. Howletton, 1881, 541 - inequalities, apparent, of short period, Prof. Balfour Stewart and W. L. Carpenter on, 1883, 418 * - period, Prof. W. S. Jevons on the influence of the, upon the price of corn, 1875, 217 - period, the length of the, Dr. H. Muirhead on, 1880, 465 - - period, the, and planetary tides in the solar atmosphere, F. B. Edmonds on, 1881, 544 - - 'periodicity , C. Meldrum on a pe¬ riodicity of cyclones and rainfall in connexion with the, 1873, 466; 1874, 218 ; 1876, 267 - - spectrum from D to B, Rev. S. J. Perry on the, 1884, 635 Sun-spots, atmospheric ozone, rain, and force of wind, Dr. T. Moffat on the apparent connexion between, 1874, 37 ; 1875, 31 Sun-spots and the chemical elements in the sun. Profs. Dewar and Liveing on, 1883, 455 - and their connexion with planetary configurations, B. Stewart on, 1863, 11 — lieliographic latitude and longitude of, Prof. A. W. Thomson on the deter¬ mination of the, 1885, 931 - and rainfall , report on, by C. Mel¬ drum, 1878, 230 - and terrestrial phenomena , the con¬ nexion between, Prof. A. Schuster on, 1884, 446 - a supposed connexion between the number of, and the heights of rivers, Prof. Balfour Stewart on, 1882, 462 - see ‘ Solar ’ Sunfish, the short, Dr. John Cleland on the anatomy of Orthaqoriscus viola, 1861, 138 * Superphosphates and dissolved bones, the manufacture of, Dr. S. Macadam on, 1863, 191 Supersaturated solutions, an account of some recent experiments on, b}7 J. M. Thomson, 1879, 317 — — of certain compound salts, J. M. Thomson on the action of the com¬ ponent salts, as nuclei on, 1882, 490 Supracondyloid process, Prof. Struthers on the occurrence of the, in man, 1872, 156 '"Suprarenal capsules in man, the de¬ velopment of the, Dr. C. S. Minot on, 1887, 755 Surface subsidence caused by lateral coal mining, Prof. W. E. Benton on, 1886, 628 * - of zero curvature and finite extent, Prof. Clifford on a, 1873, 9 * - - -water of the ocean, the specific gravity of the, as observed during the cruise of H.M.S. ‘Challenger,’ J. Y. Buchanan on, 1876, 181 Surface tension, G. F. FitzGerald on, 1878, 436 - of vapours near curved surfaces of their liquids, G. F. FitzGerald 011 the, 1879, 255 - - and capillary action, Prof. 0. Rey¬ nolds on, 1881, 524 - of liquids, calculating the, by means of cylindrical drops or bubbles, Prof. G. Pirie on, 1885, 898 - Prof. A. M. Worthington on the stretching of liquids, 1888, 583 - of water which contains a gas dis¬ solved in it, Prof. G. Pirie on the, 1885, 898 - of water, investigated by the method of ripples, Lord Rayleigh on, 1890, 746 408 GENERAL INDEX. ^'Surfaces, anallagmatic, W. K. Clifford on the umbilici of, 1869, 9 _ C. W. Merrifield on certain families of, 1871, 18; note by Prof. Arthur Cayley, 19 - of the second degree, F. W. New¬ man on the curvature of, 1869, 13 * _ of the second order, Prof. Clifford on the contact of, with other surfaces, 1872, 13 * - of the second order, H. J. S. Smith on a property of, 1866, 6 - pedal, Prof. T. A. Hirst on the volumes of, 1862, 5 Surgery and superstition in Neolithic times, Miss A. W. Buckland on, 1880, 630 Surinam, E. B. Tylor on the Negro- European dialects of, 1865, 130 Surnames, the Anglicising and Gaelici- sing of, H. MacLean on, 1876, 167 StJRTEES (Capt. C.) on the desert from Dahshur to Ain Raian, 1887, 801 - - on a mission to El- Wed j, 1888, 747 * — (F. R.) on South African swifts and swallows, 1864, 191 Survey of Galilee, Lieut. H. H. Kitchener on the, 1878, 622 - of Palestine, Lieut. E. Conder on the, 1874, 178 ^Surveying instrument, G. W. Hope on Eckhold’s omnimeter, a new, 1873, 47 Surveys, Dominion, T. Saunders on, 1884, 807 - of the Dominion lands, North¬ western territories of Canada, L. Rus¬ sell on, 1884, 81 1 - in Ireland, a communication from the Ordnance Department on, 1874, 1 84 ^Suspensory ligament of the fetlock of the horse, ass, ox, sheep, and camel, the structure and homologies of the, Dr. D. J. Cunningham on, 1881, 726 Sussex, Rev. E. B. Ellmar on the earth¬ quake and storm in, August 21, 1864, 1864, 16 - Dr. Charnock on certain geographi¬ cal names in the county of, 1872, 177 - river names, Dr. Charnock on, 1872, 176 - F. E. Sawyer on the rainfall of, 1872, 58 - summary analysis of the flora of, by W. B. Hemsley, 1872, 128 Sutcliffe (R.) on the economical gene¬ ration of steam, 1873, 216; 011 the ec nominal utilisation of steam, 217 Sutherland (Duke of), report on steam¬ ship performance, 1861, 190; 1862,282; 1864, 339 - (H.), a nevv trade route between America and Europe, 1886, 727 Sutherland, C. W. Peach on fossil fishes of the Old Red Sandstone of, 1867, 72 *Sutton (R.) on a new photographic dry process, 1871, 44 - (Thomas) on the panoramic lens, 1861, 33 - - description of a rapid dry collodion process, 1862, 54 ^Swallows and swifts, South African, F. R. Surtees on, 1864, 191 SWAMY (Mutu Coomara) on the ethno¬ logy of Ceylon, referring especially to its Singhalese and Tamil inhabitants, 1863, 146 Swan (A. P.) aod Prof. M. M. Hartog on the culture of usually aerobic Bac¬ teria under anaerobic conditions, 1886, 706 *— — - (D.) on zinc, 1876, 69 - (H.) °n a new kind of miniature possessing apparent solidity by means of a combination of prisms, 1863, 17 - (J. W.) on a mercurial air-pump, 1863, 26 * - - on the Swan incandescent lamp, 1881, 778 - - on an electric safety lamp for miners, 1885, 1196 - on improvements in electric safety lamps , 1886, 496 * - a fire-damp indicator, 1887, 884 - on an automatic fire-damp detector, 1888, 817 - on the employment of chromic acid instead of nitric acid in the Bun¬ sen cell, 1889, 512 * - - and C. H. Stearn on a new form of Sprengel’s air-pump, 1877, 43 - (R.), the island of Paros, in the Cyclades, and its marble quarries, 1889, 570 — — (Prof. W.) on the wave-lengths of the spectra of the hydrocarbons, 1871, 43 — - on constructing and printing cata¬ logues of spectral rays arranged upon a scale of wave-numbers, 1872, 53 ; 1873, 249 Swansea harbour, the deep sea channel into, R. Capper on, 1885, 1202 - usages and customs, remarks and statistics relating to, as they affect the sellers of foreign or colonial copper ores, by W. Henderson, 1880, 681 Sweden, Professor Otto Torell on some new fossils from the Longmvnd rocks of, 1868, 80 *Swifts and swallows, South African, F. R. Surtees on, 1864, 191 Swinbourne (R. W.) on glass, 1863, 55 Swinburne (Sir J.) on the South African goldfields, 1870, 176 - *(J.), compensation of electrical measuring instruments for tempera¬ ture errors, 1887, 621 ; a musical slide rule, ib. GENERAL INDEX. 409 Swinburne (J.), the design of trans¬ formers, 1889, 741 - notes on high vacua, 1890, 727 ; the compensation of alternating-current voltmeters, 753 ; the effect of direct and alternating electrical pressures on the human body, 758 - and W. F. Bourne on testing iron, 1890, 753 *Swinhoe (R.)> ethnology of the island of Formosa, 1863, 192 - on the aborigines of Formosa, 1865, 129 - on the natural history of Hainan, 1870, 128; on the island of Hainan, 176 Swiss, the physique of the, as influenced by race and by media, Dr. J. Beddoe on, 1888, 837 Switzerland, the Germanic and Rheetian elements in, Dr. J. Beddoe on, 1883, 574 Sworn (S. A.), the constitution of the aromatic nucleus, 1889, 545; on the reaction of benzoquinone with potas¬ sium cyanide, 546 Sykes (Col. W. H.), report from the Balloon Committee , 1861, 249 ; 1862, 376; 1863,426; 1864, 493 ; 1865, 145; 1866, 367 - on the progress and prospects of the trade of England with China since 1833, 1861, 246 - comparison of the organisation and cost in detail of the English and French armies for 1863-1864, 1863, 163 - — — report on the uniformity of weights and measures , 1864, 102 ; 1865, 375 ; 1866, 352 ; 1867, 468 ; 1868, 484; 1869, 308 ; 1870, 232 ; 1871, 198 - statistics of the charitable, educa¬ tional, industrial, and public institu¬ tions founded by the native gentry of India during the last five years, 1866, 133 ; on modes of banking in America, Manchooria, and China, 134 - on storm-warnings, their importance and practicability, 1867, 27 ; on the report upon the state of the empire of France, presented to the Senate and Legislative Body, February 1867, 145 Syllidian Annelids, budding in the, chiefly with reference to a branched form pro¬ cured during the voyage of H.M.S. ‘ Challenger,’ Dr. W. C. McIntosh on, 1879, 372 Sylvester (Prof. J. J.) on the involution of axes of rotation, 1861, 12 - on the solution of the linear equa¬ tion of finite differences in its most general form, 1862, 188 . - on the quantity and centre of gravity of figures given in perspective, or homography, 1863, 2 Sylvester (Prof. J. J.) on a special class of questions on the theory of probabili¬ ties, 1865, 8 555 - on Prof. Price’s modification of Arbogast’s method, 1865, 9 - on the successive involutes to a circle, 1868, 10 - on the rainfall of the British Isles , 1869,383; 1870, 170; 1871,98; 1872, 1 76; 1873, 257 - Address to the Section of Mathe¬ matics and Physical Science, 1869, 1 - on Professor Christian Wiener’s stereoscopic representation of the cubic Eikosi-heptagram, 1869, 15; on the successive involutes to a circle, ib. - on the theory of a point in partitions, 1871, 23 - oninstructionin elementary geometry , 1873, 459 ; 1876, 8 - on the calculation of tables of the fundamental invariants of algebraic forms, 1879, 66 ; 1880, 38 ; 1881, 55 ; ‘I882, 37 - on the involution of two matrices of the second order, 1883, 430 * - Prof. Clifford on a message from, 1874, 10 Symbol, cyclical, Rev. R. Harley on a certain, 1867, 4 - pillars abounding in central Aber¬ deenshire, Rev. Dr. J. Davidson on the, 1885, 1227 S}7mbolical expansions, W. II. L. Russell on, 1864, 4 Symbols, calculus of, W. PI. L. Russell on recent discoveries made in the, 1862, 7 • - mathematical, W. H. L. Russell on a certain class of, 1863, 1 *Symes (R. S.) on rubbings from St. Patrick’s Chair, co. Mayo, 1872, 197 "'Symington (Dr. J.) on the curvature of the spine in the foetus and the child, 1885, 1 101 - observations on the myology of the Gorilla and Chimpanzee, 1889, 629 Symmetric functions, Capt. P. A. Mac- Mahon on, and in particular on certain inverse operators in connection there¬ with, 1883, 409 ^Symmetry of crystalline forms, laws of, A. R. Catton on the, 1867, 10 Symonds (Dr. J. A.) on the sanitary sta¬ tistics of Clifton, 1864, 176 - (Rev. W. S.) on some phenomena connected with the Drifts of the Severn, Avon, Wye, and Usk, 1861, 133 - on scutes of the Labyrinthodon, from the Keuper bone-breccia of Pen- dock, Worcestershire, 1862, 96 ; on the occurrence of Asplenium viride on an isolated travertine rock among the Black Mountains of Monmouthshire, 100 410 GENERAL INDEX. Symonds (Rev. W. S.) on some ancient Drifts and old River-beds of Siluria, I860. 74 - report on the sedimentary deposits of the river Onny, 1870, 11 - on the physical geology of the bone caves of the Wye, 1870, 88 - - on the contents of a hyaena’s den on the Great Doward, Whitchurch, Ross, 1871, 109; on a new fish-spine from the Lower Old Red Sandstone of Hay, Breconshire, no - on implements found in King Arthur’s Cave, near Whitchurch, 1871, 109, *160 - on the circulation of underground maters , 1875, 114 • - - on changes of climate during the Glacial Period, 1875, 82 Symons (G. J.) on British rainfall, 1861, 74 - - on the fall of rain in the British Isles, 1862, 293; 1864, 367 ; 1865, 192 - on the performance, under trying- circumstances, of a very small aneroid barometer, 1862, 35 - - description of the experimental series of rain-gauges erected at Caine, 1863, 26 - - on the rainfall of the British Isles, 1866, 281 ; 1867. 448 ; 1868, 432 ; 1869, 383; 1870, 170; 1871, 98; 1872, 176; 1873, 257 ; 1874, 75 ; 1875, 91 ; 1876, 172 ( summary of previous reports') - - on the rate of increase of under¬ ground temperature, 1868, 510; 1869, 176; 1870, 29; 1871, 14; 1872, 128; 1873, 252; 1875, 14, 156; 1876, 204; 1877, 194; 1878, 178; 1879, 40; 1880, 26; 1881, 90; 1882, 72; 1883, 45; 1885, 93 ; 1889, 35 • - exhibition of a storm rain-gauge, 1869, 53 - on Negretti and Zambra’s test-gauge solar-radiation thermometer, 1873, 47 - on the relative sensitiveness of ther¬ mometers differing in size, shape, or materials, 1874, 41 ; on a new form of rain-gauge, ib. ■ - on the rainfall in Monmouthshire and the Severn valley on July 14th, and on some subsequent floods in England and Wales, 1875, 31 - *on a new form of thermometer for observing earth temperature, 1876, 49 ; on an unmistakable true north compass, ib. • - on the rainfall of Ireland, 1878, 692 - - on the circulation of underground maters, 1881, 309; 1882, 213; 1883, 1 14; 1884,96; 1885, 380; 1886, 235; 1887,358; 1888, 145; 1889, 71; 1890, 352 • - on the rainfall observations made upon York Minster by Prof. John Phillips, F.R.S., 1881, 551 Symons (G. J.) on the proposed publica¬ tion by the Meteorological Society of the Mauritius of daily synoptic charts of the Indian Ocean from the year 1861, 1882, 38; 1883, 11 8; 1884, 32; 1885, 60 ; 1887, 40 - on local scientific societies, 1883, 318 * - on the completion of the European portion of the preliminary meteorolo¬ gical catalogue, 1883, 414 - on tne best methods of recording the direct intensity of solar radiation, 1884, 28; 1885, 156; 1886, 63; 1887, 32; 1889, 40 ; 1890, 144 - on Mr. E. J. Lome's project of estab¬ lishing a meteorological observatory near Chepstom, 1884, 35; 1885, 64; 1886, 139; 1887, 39 - — — on the mork of the Corresponding Societies Committee. 1885, 708 ; 1886, 285; 1887,459 5 1888,255; 1889, 1 87; 1890, 55 - what is a drought ? 1887, 869 — — on the advisability and possibility of establishing in other parts of the country observations upon the prevalence of earth tremors similar to those now being made in Durham, 1888, 522 - discussion on lightning conductors, 1888, 609 - on the arrangements for recording phenological phenomena, 1890, 868 - and Rogers Field on the deter¬ mination of the real amount of evapora¬ tion from the surface of water, 1869, 25, *220 - (W.) on a new marine and mountain barometer, 1863, 27 ; on a maximum thermometer with a new index, ib. ; on a new form of gas battery, 56 - — on the working of underground railways by hydraulic power, 1864, 189 - on an improved standard barometer, 1865, 21 - on a plan for railway amalgamation with government control, 1872, 251 - on a new method of constructing carbon-cells and plates for galvanic batteries, 1874, 31 ; on a new method for the electro-chemical decomposition of oils and other non-conducting liquids, ib. ; on a cheap and convenient galvanic battery adapted for weak but continuous currents, 32 — — on an easy method of making carbon cells for galvanic batteries, 1881, 557 ; on an antimonised cellular carbon gal¬ vanic battery, ib. -‘■'Sympathy of pendulums, Prof. Tait on, 1872, 24 Synapta, Dr. W. B. Herapath on the genus, 1864, 97 GENERAL INDEX. 411 Syncope, Dr. Charles Kicld on, as a co¬ incident in chloroform accidents, 18G2, 130 Synge (Major-Gen. M.) on purity and impurity in the use and abuse of water, 1873, 200 Synoptic charts , daily , of the Indian Ocean from the year 1861, report of the Committee for co-operating with the Meteorological Society of the Mauritius in their proposed publication of ', 1882, 38; 1883, 1 18; 1884, 32; 1885, 60; 1887, 40 Synthetical researches on organic acids , report of, by A. R. Cation, 1868, 475 Syria, the surface rocks of, Jas. Perry on, f 1879, 348 Syrrhaptes paradoxus , the irruption of, Prof. A. Newton on, 1863, 105 ; 1888, 703 • - as a native of Britain, Prof. A. Newton on, 1889, 6 16 Systemes de points materiels, V. Cerruti sur les mouvements aperiodiques des, 1876, 12 - de spheres et les systemes de droites, Prof. L. Cremona sur les, 1876, 12 Szczepanowski (S. Prus) on the chemi¬ cal nature of cast iron, 1868, 342 - - on the preparation of pure iron, 1869, 82 Tables, mathematical. ( See ‘ Mathema¬ tical) laconic range (Western New England), the southward ending of a great syn¬ clinal in the, Prof. J. D. Dana on, 1884, 729 Tactinvariant of a conical section and a cubic curve, Prof. F. Lindemann on the, 1884, 647 Tailless trout of Islay, C. W. Peach on the so-called, 1871, 133 Tait (Dr. L.) on hospital mortality, 1877, 181 - on the occurrence of a sacral dimple and its possible significance, 1878, 606 * - (Prof. P. G.) on the application of quaternions to the rotation of a solid, 1868, 11 • - on the thermal conductivity of iron and other metals, 1869, 175 ; i 87 1, 97 - - - on comets, 1869, 21 - - Address to the Section of Mathe¬ matics and Physical Science, 1871, 1 ; on thermo-electricity, 48 * - on sympathy of pendulums, 1872, 24; *011 double neutral points in thermo-electric currents, 52 • - on the determination of high tem¬ peratures by refracted rays, 1873, 461 ; on science-lectures and organisation, 495> 507 Tait (Prof. P. G.) report on the mechani¬ cal equivalent of heat, 1876, 275 ; 1878, 102 ; 1879, 36 - - general theorems relating to closed curves, 1876, 29 • - on the elasticity of mires, 1878, 103 ; 1879, 33 ; 1880, 61 ; on the progress of the chief branches of Mathematics and, Physics, 1879, 37 - on the measurement of the lunar dis- twibance of gravity, 1880, 25 ; 1881, 93 ; 1882, 95 - - on a method of investigating experi¬ mentally the absorption of radiant heat by gases, 1882, 475 - (P. M.) on the population and mor¬ tality of Calcutta, 1867, 145 - on the population and mortality of Bombay, 1869, 199 - on the theory and practice of acci¬ dent insurance by sea and land, 1876, 208 — vital and other statistics applicable to musicians, 1880, 666 Talbot (H. Fox) on a method of esti¬ mating the distances of some of the fixed stars, 1871, 34 *Talpa Furopcea, C. Spence Bate on the dentition of, 1866, 69 - Prof. Owen on the cervical and lumbar vertebras of the, 1869, 152 Tanakadate (A.) on the intensity of magnetisation of soft iron bars of various lengths in a uniform magnetic field, 1888, 566 Tanganyika, H. M. StanK}7 on discoveries at the northern end of Lake, 1872, 213 — — Basin, the geographical evolution of the, Joseph Thomson on, 1882, 622 t - Capt. E. C. Hore on Lake, 1889, 663 ’“'Tangent planes, triple, W. Spottiswoode on, 1873, 24 ^Tangential balance, Prof. Zenger on the, and a new saccharometer, 1872, 53 — — - equation, a new form of, Prof. John Casey on, 1878, 457 Tangye gas hammer, D. Clerk on the, 1887, 883 "Tanner (Lieut.-Col. H. C. B.) on the Dara Nur, Northern Afghanistan and its inhabitants, 1880, 665 - - on Himalayan snow peaks, 1885, 1126 - - (R. R.), the suitability of small towns for factory industries, 1888, 767 Tannic acid, Muntz and Ramspacher’s apparatus for the estimation of, J. Watts on, 1 875, 46 * - pyrocatechin as a derivative of certain varieties of, Dr. J. Watts on, 1877, 53 Tanning trade of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, T. C. Angus on the statistics of the, 1863, 161 GENERAL INDEX. ^'Tanning of sole-leather in Bristol, S. Evans on the, 1875, 209 Tapeworm, Dr. Fleming on the preva¬ lence of, in Birmingham, and its causes, 1865, 106 *Tar, blast furnace coal, from Gartsherrie works, the constituents of the light oils of, Watson Smith on, 1887,640 Target, Chalmers’, Capt. Douglas Galton on, 1866, 145 ^Targets for gunnery experiments, Capt. Douglas Galton on, 1863, 192 - T. Symes Prideaux on the construc¬ tion of shot-proof, 1864, 187 ^Tariffs and trade of various countries during the last ten years, Ft. Yalpy on the, 1862, 196 '^Tarpon, note on the, by Prof. McIntosh, 1889,617 Tarquins, the city of the, Miss A. W. Buckland on, 1882, 609 *Tars, some coke oven, of German origin, Prof. Lunge on the composition of, 1887, 640 Tasmania, results of the geological sur¬ vey of, C. Gould on the, 1861, 112 Tasmanians, J. Bonwick on the origin of the, geologically considered, 1869, 129 Taste, a new theory of the sense of, by Prof. J. B. Haycraft, 1885, 1059 Tate (George), description of a sea-star, Cribellites carbonarius, from the Moun¬ tain Limestone formation of Northum¬ berland, with a notice of its association with Carboniferous plants, 1863, 8S - (Ralph) on the land and freshwater Mollusca of Nicaragua, 1869, 1 1 7 ; *notes on an inscribed rock, 1 5 1 a census of the marine invertebrate fauna of the Lias, 1870, 88 - (Thomas) on the elasticity of the vapour of sulphuric acid, 1863, 17 - on the strength of materials con¬ sidered in relation to the construction of iron ships, 1865, 243 - (Thomas) on the so-called Ingleton granite, 1890, 800; on Phillips’s Dyke, Ingleton, 814 * - (W.) on Bailey’s steam-pressure gauge, 1861, 266 Tattooing, Miss A. W. Buckland on, 1887, 904 Tawney (E. B.) on the age of the Can- nington Park Limestone, and its rela¬ tion to Coal-measures south of the Mendips, 1875, 82 - on the 1 Geological Record ,’ 1880, 87 - on the Upper Bagshot Sands of Hordwell Cliff, Hampshire, 1881, 633 - - on the outcrop of the Brockenliurst bed, near Lyndhurst., 1882, 540 Taxation, definition and incidence of, Prof. J. E. T. Rogers on the, 1861, 240 - direct , local , and imperial , report on the practicability of adopting a common measure of value in the assessment of , 1876, 27 ; 1878, 220 Taxation, imperial, the incidence of, Dr. W. A. Hunter on, 1885, 1170 - in Ireland, Dr. W. Neilson Hancock on the system of local, 1869, 193 - local, and real property, Frederick Purdy on, 1862, 162 - local, 0. Williams on, 1870, 207 - national, Dr. W. Clarke on a revision of, 1861, 216 - policy in, J. B. Greig on, 1885, 1179 - principles of, C. E. Macqueen on the true, 1861, 225 - progressive, Dr. C. F. Bastable on, 1890, 918 - on real property, F. Purdy on the pressure of, 1869, 199 - - the standard, or basis, of, Dr. C. J. Grece on, 1888, 765 Tay, Lochs Katrine, Lomond, and, A. Buchan on the deep-water temperature of, 1872, 207 - Viaduct , the new , C. Barlow on , 1885, 883 *Tayleb (W.) on the manual labour classes of England, Wales, and Scot¬ land, 1871, 223 Taylor (Capt.) on the harbours of Wes¬ tern India, 1870, 176 — - — (Commander A. D.) on the proposed ship-canal between Ceylon and India, 1871, 189 - (Rev. Dr. C.), historical note on continuity, 1884, 645 - on orthoptic loci, 1885, 909 - (E. R.), the economic value of art in manufactures, 1886, 751 f - (G.), Formosa : characteristic traits of the island and its aboriginal inhabitants, 1888, 747 - (H.) on standards for use in electri¬ cal measurements, 1S81, 423 ; 1882, 70; 1883, 41; 1884, 29; 1885, 31; 1886, 145; 1887, 206; 1888, 55; 1889, 41; 1890, 95 - on the causes of the variation in the temperature-coefficient of the alloys of platinum and silver , 1881, 431 - - - (H. M.), contributions to the mathe¬ matics of the chessboard, 1875, 21 — — - (Rev. Canon I.) on the primitive seat of the Aryans, 1887, 895 ; ^observations on Mr. Petrie’s ethnological casts from Egypt, 907 . . - - further researches as to the origin of the Aryans, 1889, 780; the ethno¬ logical significance of the beech, 782 * - (J.), N. Wood, J. Marley, and J. W. Pease on coal, coke, and coal¬ mining in Northumberland and Dur¬ ham, 1863, 191 - (J.) on some of our migratory birds. GENERAL INDEX. 413 as first seen in Aberdeenshire, 1885, 1098 *Taylor (J. C.), notes on Kurdistan, 1864, 148 * - (J. E.) on contortions in the Chalk at Willingham, near Norwich, 1865, 76 - on the Upper and Lower Crags in Norfolk. 1866, 67; 1867, 157 * - on the Norwich Crags and their relation to the mammaliferous bed, 1868, 78 * - on certain phenomena in the Drift near Norwich, 1869, 100 ; on the water¬ bearing strata in the neighbourhood of Norwich, ib. * - on the occurrence of seams of hard sandstone in the Middle Drift of East Anglia, 1870, 88 * - on the later Crag-deposits of Nor¬ folk and Suffolk, 1871, no - on the occurrence of elephant re¬ mains in the basement beds of the Red Crag, 1873, 91 - on the discovery of a submerged forest in the estuary of the Orwell, 1875, 82 * - on the age, fauna, and mode of occurrence of the phosphorite deposits of the South of France, 1876, 96 * - (J T.) on a defect in the demon¬ strating polariscope, with a simple and effective remedy, 1866, 28 * - on a binocular microscope for high powers, 1877, 32 *Taylor’s theorem, Prof. Price on the extension of, by the method of deriva¬ tions, 1865, 7 Taylorson (R.) on the diagonal prin¬ ciple of iron shipbuilding, 1863, 189 Tchihatchef (Pierre de), an account of his work called ‘ Paleontologie de l’Asie Mineure,’ 1869, 100 ; on Central Asia, 168 - - the dcs:rts of Africa and Asia , 1882, 356 *Tea, adulteration of, A. H. Allen on the detection of, 1873, 62 * - consumption of the United King¬ dom, A. Burrell on the, 1877, 174 - the cultivation of, in the British Himalayan provinces of Kumaon and Gurhw&l, J H. Batten on, 1877, 163 - - plant, the geographical distribution of the, A. Burrell on, 1878, 638 - — - and tea-soils from Cachar, Prof. Hodges on the composition of, 1874, 60 *Teale (W. E.) on a new safety-lamp, 1870, 229 Teall (J. J. H.) on the volcanic pheno¬ mena of Vesuvius and its neighbour¬ hood, 1886, 226 ; 1887, 226 ; 1888, 320 ; 1889, 283 ; 1890, 387 - on the metamorphosis of the Lizard gabbros, 1886, 668 Teall (J. J. H.) on the microscopical examination of the older rochs of An¬ glesey, 1887, 230; 1888, 230 - the origin of banded gneisses, 1887, 707 - the amygdaloids of the Tynemouth Dyke, 1889, 572 Tebbutt (Charles) on the violation of the principles of economic science caused by the law of distraint for rent, 1866, 135 Technical education of those interested, in land, a scheme for the, Rev. W. W. Wood on, 1874, 21 1 - education of the agricultural la¬ bourer, J. Bailey Denton on the, 1869, 182 — — - education, Rev. H. Solly on, 1886, 75i - education, the character and or¬ ganisation of the institutions for, re¬ quired in a large manufacturing town. Dr. Crosskey on, 1886, 773 - education, the bearing of home edu¬ cation on, Miss C. M. Mason on, 1887, 846 - education, the form it should take, E. J. Watherston on, 1887, 844 - education, Dr. J. H. Rutherford on, 1889, 710 - instruction in elementary schools, W. Ripper on, 1 S86, 749 - schools in Italy, Signor Bonghi on, 1888, 774 Tecturella grandis, Philip P. Carpenter on the variations of, 1861, 137 Tees, C. M. Palmer on the construction of ships and shipbuilding on the, 1863, 694 *Teesdale, the finding of Silurian rocks. in, W. Gunn on, 1877, 71 Teeth, carnassial and canine, from the Mendip caverns, W. A. Sanford on, 1864, 69 - and dermal structure associated with Ctenacanthus, J. Thomson on, 1869, 102 - grinding, Dr. W. W. Smith on the early failure of pairs of, 1889, 771 - development of the wisdom, Dr. R, Livi on the, 1889, 773 ■ - of Mammalia, W. H. Flower on the homologies and notation of the, 1868, ii5 - — — E. R. Lankester and H. N. Moselev on the nomenclature of mammalian, and the teeth of the Mole, 1868, 1 1 7 - man’s lost incisors. Prof. Windle and J. Humphreys on, 1886, 688 Tegetmeier (W. B.) on the practica¬ bility of establishing ‘ a* close time' for the protection of indigenous animalsr 1869, 91 *Tehuelche Indians of Patagonia, Consul T. J. Hutchinson on the, 1868, 137 414 GENERAL INDEX. Telegraph, an acoustic, W. Ladd on, 1863, 19 - - apparatus, Prof. C. Zenger on a new automatic, 1868, 21 - cable-signalling, G. K. Winter on the use of electro-magnetic instead of electrostatic induction in, 1872, 52 ♦ - cable, C. F. Varley on certain phenomena which presented themselves in connection with the Atlantic, 1866, 14 - cables, Dr. Ernest Esse! bach on electric, with reference to observations on the Malta- Alexandra, 1862, 26 - cables, deep-sea, William Fairbairn on some of the causes of the failure of, 1865, 178 - cables, W. Fairbairn on india-rubber and gutta-percha as insulators for sub¬ marine, 1865, 14 - cables, C. W. Siemens on the outer covering of deep-sea, 1865, 1 87 - cables, Fleeming Jenkin on a new arrangement for picking up submarine, 1866, "145 - cables, W. Hooper on the electrical and mechanical properties of india- rubber insulated wire for submarine, 1866, 145 - cables, W. Hooper on the North China and Japan submarine, 1870, 219 - coils, a new method of constructing, S. A. Yarley on, 1870, 28 - column-printing, E. Higgins on a, 1890, 959 - Expedition, T. Whymper on the progress of the Russo-American, via Behring’s Straits, 1866, 117 - lines, the relative merits of iron and copper wire for, W. H. Preece on, 1885, 907 - - printing, D. E. Hughes on a, 1862, 18 - printing, W. Cook on Bonelli's, 1863, 18 - - printing, Prof. Zenger on a new key for the Morse, 1871, 48 - - the North Atlantic, N. J. Holmes on, 1866, 27 - overland, Col. Sir H. C. Rawlinson on the direct, from Constantinople to Kurrachee, 1861, 197 - 2)oles, the strength of, IF. JET. Preece on, 1885, 853 - writing, E. A. Cowper on his, 1879, 520 ♦Telegraphic apparatus, recent improve¬ ments in, W. H. Preece on, 1878, 697 - cables, W. Fairbairn on india-rubber and gutta-percha as insulators for sub¬ marine, 1865, 14 - - conductors, W. Hooper on the applicability of india-rubber as an insulator for, 1865, 184 * - enterprise and deep sea research on the west coast of Africa, J. Y. Buchanan on, 1886, 731 Telegraphic facsimiles produced by Ca- selli’s method, 1863, 20 - - intercommunication, W. H. Preece on, 1883, 650 - photography, S. Bidwell on, 1881, 777 Telegraphs, action of lightning on, S. A. Varley on the mode of, 1870, 28 — — district private, Nath. J. Holmes on, 1865, 184 * - electric block, F. H. Yarley on, 1877, 219 ♦Telegraphy, application of, to naviga¬ tion and meteorology, A. de Marcoartu on the, 1873, 43 - Atlantic cable, 'preliminary investi¬ gation by IF. Fairbairn of the mechani¬ cal properties of the proposed, 1863, 408 - electric, common notation for, J. G. Joyce on the practicability of employ¬ ing a, 1866, 131 — — fast speed, W. H. Preece on, 1887, 874 - multiplex, W. H. Preece on, 1886, 812 - submarine, Captain Selwynon, 1864. 188 ♦Telemeter system, J. U. Mackenzie on the, 1884, 652 - system, F.R. Upton on the, 1887, 878 Telemeters, or range-finders, some new. Profs. A. Barr and IF. Stroud on, 1890, 499 Teleosaurus from the Upper Lias, C. Moore on a specimen of, 1 869, 9 7 Teleostean ova, some, and their develop¬ ment, J. T. Cunningham on, 1888, 703 Teleosteans, points in the development of the pectoral fin and girdle in, E. E. Prince on, 1886, 697 - and ganoids, F. M. Balfour on the pronephros of, 1881, 721 Teleostei, certain fresh-water, report on the development of the oviduct and con¬ nected structures in, 1888, 338 ; 1889, 95 ■ - the kidneys of the, W. N. Parker on, 1882, 577 Telephone, W. H. Preece on the, 1877, 34 - the retardation of phase of vibra¬ tions transmitted by the, Prof. S. P. Thompson on, 1879, 254 Telephonic communication between Lon¬ don and Paris, W. H. Preece on, 1889, 744 Telephoning through a cable, Prof. Lord Rayleigh on, 1884, 632 ♦Telephony, recent experiments in, Prof. Graham Bell on, 1877, 201 - recent progress in, W. H. Preece on, 1882, 666 • - submarine cables for long-distance, W. H. Preece on, 1890, 959 GENERAL INDEX. 415 ♦Telescope, equatorial mounting of a 3-foot reflector, Lord Rosse on an, 1876, 477 - perfectly achromatic, Prof. Stokes on the construction of a, 1874, 26 - spirit-level, Admiral Sir E. Belcher on a, for observing altitudes and ob¬ taining latitudes independently of natural or artificial horizons, 1863, 170 Telescopes, astronomical, with silvered glass specula, John Browning on some recent improvements in, 1866, 22 - astronomical, H. Grubb on some new points in the mounting of, 1872, 30 ■ - equatorial, H. Grubb on recent im¬ provements in, 1876, 37 - equatorial, H. Grubb on improve¬ ments in clocks for, 1874, 41 - - testings of large objectives for, Howard Grubb on the, 1876, 36 - Newtonian, G. Johnstone Stoney on collimators for adjusting, 1869, 52 - and photographic lenses, A. Claudet on a variable diaphragm for, 1866, 23 ♦Telford (Macneil), description of the new Marriotti barometer, 1872, 62 Tellurium and selenium, the occurrence of, in Japan, Prof. E. Divers on, 1881, 586 - the occurrence of, in Japan, Prof. E. Divers and M. Shimose on, 1882, 487 Temperature of the air at 4 feet, 22 feet, and 50 feet above the ground, J. Glaisher on the, 1870, 33 - an apparatus for determining, by the variation of electrical resistance, W. N. Shaw on, 1888, 590 - coefficient of the alloys of platinum and silver , H. Taylor on the causes of the variation of the, 1881, 431 ♦ - coefficients for insulating enve¬ lopes, the determination of, T. T. P. B. Warren on, 1877, 37 - correction of an aneroid, Prof. J. Phillips on the, 1872, 61 - - the decrease of, with height on the earth’s surface, Prof. H. Hennessy on, 1876, 39 - the distribution of, over the British Islands, Prof. H. Hennessy on, 1876, 39 *- — - diurnal period of, in relation to other physical and meteorological phenomena, Prof. H. Hennessy on the, 1866, 21 - of the earth at Westville, Nova Scotia, H. S. Poole on the internal, 1884, 644 - - of the earth wdthin, W. Morris on the, 1878, 456 - electric resistance of alloys due to change of, Dr. A. Mattliiessen on the variation of the, 1863, 127 - of the electric spark, J. Dewar on the, 1872, 51 Temperature equilibrium, Prof. Balfour Stewart on the, of an enclosure in which there is a body in visible motion, 1871, 45 - evaporation and, S. B. J. Skertchly on experiments made at Wisbeach on, 1873, 44 - higher than 212° F. in certain solu¬ tions by steam of 212° F., Peter Spence on raising a, 1869, 75 - and humidity of the air up to 1,000 feet, from observations made in the car of M. Giffard’s captive balloon, J. Glaisher on the changes of, 1869, 27 - influence of, on the elastic force of certain forms of springs, F. H. Wenham on the, 1873, 49 - of Lochs Lomond, Katrine, and Tay, A. Buchan on the deep-water, 1872, 207 - in Loch Lomond and Loch Katrine during the past winter and spring, J. T. Morrison on the distribution of, 1886, 528 - in the Firth of Clyde in April and June 1886, J. T. Morrison on the distri¬ bution of, 1886, 529 - and pressure, Dr. A. Schuster on the influence of, on the widening of the lines in the spectra of gases, 1873, 39 - and rainfall at Bath, Rev. L. Jenyns on the, 1864, 17 - - and rainfall in the climate of Lon¬ don, H. C. Fox on synchronism of mean, 1879, 277 ; 1880, 493 - regression of, during the month of May, Prof. Hennessy on the, 1864, 17 - of the River Thurso, Dr. H. R. Mill on the, 1886, 530 - of some Scottish rivers, Dr. H. R. Mill on the, 1888, 588 - - and other physical conditions of inland seas, in their relation to geologi¬ cal inquiry, Dr. W. B. Carpenter on the, 1872, 96 ' - of the Atlantic ocean obtained during the cruise of the ‘ Challenger,’ Staff -Commander Tizard on the, 1876, - sea and land, in the South-west of England, Dr. Barham on some relations of, 1877, 38 - of the sea between our northern coasts and the Faroe Isles, Sir C. Wyville Thomson on, observed during the cruise of the ‘ Knight Errant,’ 1880, 603 - seasonal variations of, in lakes, rivers, and estuaries in various parts of the United Kingdom, report of the Com¬ mittee for arranging an investiga¬ tion of the, in co-operation with the Local- Societies represented on the Association, 1888, 326 ; 1889, 44 ; 1890, 92 - of Soudanese, negroes, and Euro- 416 GENERAL INDEX. peans in tropical Africa, Dr. R. W. Felkin on the normal, 1889, 787 Temperature, solar, J. Dewar on recent estimates of, 1872, 50 - stresses produced in an elastic solid by the inequalities of, Dr. J. Hopkin- son on the, 1872, 51 - of the tidal estuaries of the South¬ east of England, Dr. H. C. Sorby on the, 1889, 509 - of town water supplies, B. Latham on the, 1879, 499 - underground , report on the rate of in¬ crease of, downwards in various localities of dry land and under water, 1868, 510 ; 1869, 176; 1870, 20; 1871, 14; 1872, 128; 1873, 252; 1875, 14, 156; 1876, 204; 1877, 194; 1878, 178; 1879, 40; 1880,26; 1881, 90; 1832, 72; 1883, 45 ; 1885, 93; 1889, 35 - Prof. J. D. Everett on some broad features of, 1879, 345 Temperatures, constant known, a means of obtaining, Prof. W. Ramsay and Dr. S. Young on, 1885, 928 - an apparatus for maintaining con¬ stant, up to 500°, Dr. G. H. Bailey on, 1886,599 - electric resistance thermometer for observing, at inaccessible situations, C. W. Siemens on an, 1861, 44 - high, report on the determination of, by the ref Tangibility of light emitted by fluid or solid substances, 1873, 461 Temperatures de la surface des eaux ma¬ rines ou fluviales, nouveau thermo¬ metre destine a prendre les, Dr. Jans¬ sen sur, 1872, 59 Temple (Lieut. G. T.), hydrography , past and present, 1879, 229 - - - on the mountain Lapps, 1880, 631 ; on the North-East Passage, 663 - the Arctic campaign of 1882 — its origin, constitution, and objects, 1882, 61 1 * - (Sir R.), the high road from the Indus to Candaha.r, 1880, 658 — on the progress of geography in Asia during the last fifty years, 1881, 74i - Address to the Geographical Sec¬ tion, 1882, 613 - on the teaching of science in elemen¬ tary schools, 1885, 692 ; 1886, 278 ; 1887,163; 1888,164; 1889,131; 1890, 489 — Address to the Section of Econo¬ mic Science and Statistics, 1884, 813 Tenby, the proposed exploration of cer¬ tain caves in the neighbourhood of, E. Laws on, 1877, 1 18 - report on the examination of two caves containing human remains in the neighl ourhood of, 1878, 209 Tenebroscope, M. Soleil’s, exhibited and described by the Abbe Moigno, 1863, 14 *Tennant (Prof. J.) on a specimen of meteoric iron from Mexico, 1861, 93 - on the colouring of agates, 1864, 42 ; *on agates found on our coasts, 72 * - on the agates found in England, with specimens from different coun¬ tries, 1865, 76 - on the recent discovery of diamonds in the Cape Colony, 1868, 79 - - on the diamonds received from the Cape of Good Hope during the last year, *1869, 101; *1870, 88; 1875, 82 - - - (J.) on Hering’s and Young’s theories of colour vision, 1886, 526 - (Major J. F.) on the preparations for observing the total eclipse of August 1868, 1867, 5 * - (W.) on the traces of an Irish lake dwelling found by Capt. L’Estrange in the county of Cavan, 1866, 79 Tenorite, Prof. Maskelyne on, 1865, 33 Tension of vapours near curved surfaces of their liquids, G. F. FitzGerald on the, 1879, 255 - of water surfaces, clean and con¬ taminated, the, investigated by the method of ripples, Lord Rayleigh on, 1890, 746 - See ‘ Capillarity ’ and ‘ Surface tension ’ Tentaculites, Prof. H. A. Nicholson on Ortonia, a newT genus of fossil Tubi- colar Annelides, with notes on the genus, 1872, 118 Teredo, preliminary report by J, Gwyn Jeffreys on the best mode of preventing the ravages of, in our ships and har¬ bours, 1861, 200 Terpenes, C. T. Kingzett on the limited oxidation of, 1876, 64 * - Dr. W. A. Tilden on the nitroso derivatives of the, 1876, 70 *Terra-cotta clay at Watcombe, Torquay, R. Etheridge on the occurrence of a large deposit of, 1869, 87 Terra del Fuego, Rev. W. H. Sterling on the natives of, 1865, 94 Terraces in Carron valley, county of Lin¬ lithgow, D. Milne-Home on high-level, 1876, 94 Terrestrial galvanic currents, G. B. Airy on spontaneous, 1861, 35 - magnetic force, G. B. Airy on the laws of the principal inequalities, solar and lunar, of, 1861, 36 Terrill (W.) on the erratic blochs of England, Wales, and Ireland, 1881, 204 ; 1882, 243 Terry (E.), the drainage of the Tipton district, 1886, S24 - - (H. L.) and W. H. Gee, the specific heat of caoutchouc, 1889, 516 GENERAL INDEX 417 Tertians, F. W. Newman on curves of the third degree, here called, 1869, io ; curvature of surfaces of the second degree, F. W. Newman on, 13 Tertiaries, the Lower, of East Suffolk, the range of, W. H. Dalton on, 1880, 575 ^Tertiary basalt-rock dykes in Scotland, R. L. Jack on, 1876, 92 - coal-field of Southern Chile, G. A. Lebour and W. Mundle on the, 1870, 78 * - deposits of Victoria, H. M. Jenkins on the, 1868, 70 - {Miocene) flora, eop>le of the United Kingdom , report on, 1880, 318 ; 1881, 272 ; 1882, 297 Waggons, George Fawcus on improve¬ ments in, 1863, 172 Wailes (J. W.) on the treatment of phosphoric crude iron in open-hearth furnaces, 1886, 592 Waist-belts and stays, the physiological bearing of, Prof. Roy and J. G. Adami on, 1888, 704 *Wake (C. Staniland) on the antiquity of man in relation to comparative geology, 1866, 97 - on initial life, 1869, 1 5 1 ; on the race- affinities of the Madecasees, ib. - on the mental characteristics of the Australian aborigines, 1870, 157 ; on the physical characters of the Australian aborigines, ib. - on man and the ape, 1871, 162 - on the origin of serpent-worship, 1872, 198 - on the origin of the moral idea, 1874-, 158 - on the predatory races of Asia and Europe, 1875, 179 - on the primitive human family 1878, 592 - on the Polynesian race, 1879,390; 1883, 573 - on the origin of the Malagasy, 1880, 620 - on the Papuans and the Polynesians, 1881, 696 - on the descendants of Cain, 1883, 563 - on race elements of the Malagasy, 1884, 922 - on the origin of totemism, 1887, 906 ^Wakefield (Rev. J.) on the southern Galla country, 1879, 440 Wahefield Prison, experiments at, on prison diet and discipline, 1861, 62 Wakeman (W. F.) on Irish crannogs and their contents, 1874, 159 Walenn (W. H.) on a numerical theorem, with practical applications, 1870, 16 ; on the electro-deposition of copper and brass, 67 - on division-remainders in arith¬ metic, 1876, 30 ; on Mr. Sabine’s method of measuring small intervals of time, 52 - on a method of checking calcula¬ tions, 1879, 271 Wales, list of works (to the end of 1873) on the geology , mineralogy , and paleon¬ tology of, by W. Whitaker, 1880, 397 — — pre-Cambrian rocks in, Dr. H. Hicks on some new areas of, 1878, 536 - Central, the glacial geology of, W. Keeping on, 1881, 648 - North, T. A. Readwin on the gold of, 1861, 129 - North, G. Maw on the occurrence of Lastrea rigida in, 186S, 10 GENERAL INDEX. 445 Wales, pulmonary consumption in 623 dis¬ tricts in England and. Dr. Edwards Crisp on the statistics of, 1868, 158 - - South , anthracite coal and coalfield of, C. H. Perkins on the , 1880, 220 Waley (Prof. J.) on a uniformity of plan for the census of the United Kingdom, 1871, 57 Walford (C.), a brief chronological and statistical review of the past and pre¬ sent of Canada, 1883, 613 ; on the Palestine channel and canal scheme, 617 _ on internal communication by land and water, 1884, 861 - - on a new view of the consequences of unpunctuality in railway trains, 1885, 1180 Walhouse (M. J.) on a leaf- wearing tribe on the western coast of India, 1874, 159 ^Walker (Albert), journey along the west coast of Middle Island, New Zea¬ land, 1864, 148 - (E. 0.) on earth currents, 1884, 655 - (Dr. J.) on the theory of solution, 1890, 325 - - (J. F.) *on a phosphatic deposit in the Lower Greensand of Bedfordshire, 1866, 45 ; on the Lower Greensand of Bedfordshire, 67 - - on a new phosphatic deposit near Up ware, Cambridgeshire, 1867, 73 - on dinitrobrombenzene, 1872, 85 - on Liassic sections near Bridport, Dorset, 1890, 799 - (J. J.) on the condition of the re¬ solvability of homogeneous algebraical polynomials into factors, 1863, 3 - observations on an iris seen in water, near sunset, 1861, 35 - on a recent description of an iris in the Lake of Lucerne, 1864, 13 - (Gen. J. T.), Address to the Geogra¬ phical Section, 1885, 1106 - on the desirability of further research in the Antarctic regions , 1886, 277 ; 1888, 316 - on a differential gravity meter, 1886, 141 ; 1887, 41 ; 1888, 72 ; on the depth of permanently frozen soil in the Polar regions, 1886, 271; 1887, 152; on the combination of the Ordnance and Ad¬ miralty surveys , and the production of a bathy-hypsographical map of the Bri¬ tish Islands, i886, 277 ; 1887, 160 - on the geography and geology of the Atlas ranges in the Empire of Morocco , 1889, 165 - - (R. Bailey) on the organisation of societies, nationally and locally con¬ sidered, 1871, 223 - - (S.), discussion on lightning-conduc¬ tors, 1888, 608 Walker (T. A.) on the Severn tunnel, 1887, 865 Wallace (Alfred Russel) on the trade of the Eastern Archipelago with New Guinea and its islands, 1862, 148 - on the physical geography of the Malay Archipelago, 1863, 107 ; on the geographical distribution of animal life, 108 ; on the varieties of men in the Malay Archipelago, 147 - - on the progress of civilisation in Northern Celebes, 1864, 149 - on reversed sexual characters in a butterfly, 1866, 79 ; Address to the Sub¬ section of Anthropology, 93 - on birds’ nests and their plumage, or the relation between sexual differ¬ ences of colour and the mode of nidifi- cation in birds, 1867, 97 - on a diagram of the earth’s eccen¬ tricity and the precession of the equi¬ noxes, illustrating their relation to geo¬ logical climate and the rate of organic change, 1870, 89 - Address to the Section of Biology, 1876, 100 - the formula (linguistic law) of, in its relations to characters and alpha¬ bets, Hyde Clarke on, 1882, 608 * - (T.) and W. I. Macadam, descrip¬ tion of a new mineral from Loch Bhruithaich, Inverness-shire, 1885, 977 * - (Rev. T. W.) on the geographical features of the Beauly basin, 1885, 1138 - (Dr. W.) on the composition and properties of the water of Loch Katrine as supplied in Glasgow, 1861, 94 ■ - on the best means for the development of light from coal-gas, 1878, 108 ; 1880, 241 - (Messrs. Mayne and) on a Peruvian expedition up the rivers Ucayali and Pachitea, 1867, 13 1 Waller (Edward) on the Shetland Fora - minifera, 1867, 441 ; 1868, 340 - (Rev. H.) on results of fifty years’ exploration in Africa, 1881, 746 - (T. H.) on the petrography of the volcanic and associated rocks of Nun¬ eaton, 1886, 623 Wallons, Dr. Charnock and Dr. C. Blake on the physical, mental, and philo¬ logical characteristics of the, 1871, 148 Walmsley (J.) on the nomenclature of elementary dynamics, 1887, 622 Walney, R. A. Peacock on the change of form and position of land on the south end of the isle of, 1866, 66 Walnut, Dr. T. L. Phipson on some new substances extracted from the, 1861, 74 Walras (Prof. L.) on the solution of the Anglo-Indian monetary problem, 1887, 849 446 GENERAL INDEX. *Walrus, Dr. Otto Torell on the tusks of the, 1868, hi Walton (Rev. W.) on some signs of changes of the weather, 186.1, 74 Walvisch Bay, Thomas Baines on, and the ports of South-West Africa/ 1867, 113 Wampum, the nature and origin of, H. Hale on, 1884, 910 Wanklyn (Prof. J. A.) on fractional dis¬ tillation, 1863, 57 ; on the oxidation of betahexylic alcohol, ib. - on the rational formula of rosaniline, 1864, 42 ; on the probable constitution of Kolbe and Schmitt’s colouring-matter obtained by acting upon carbolic acid with oxalic and sulphuric acids, 44 ; on a curious example of etherification, ib. - on isomerism among the alcohols , 1866, 455 * - on the existence of putrescible matter in river and lake waters, 1867, 47 ; *on the action of sodium on vale¬ rianic and similar ethers, ib. - note on sea-water, 1868, 46 ; re¬ searches on the ethers, ib. - on the treatment and 'utilisation of servage , 1869, 313 ; 1870, 49 * - on the constitution of salts, 1871, 83 - on the continuous production of oxygen, 1872,85 ; on some new methods of analysing the ethers, ib. * - on the effects of the mineral sub¬ stances in drinking-water on the health of the community, 1876, 163 - on the vapour densities of ferrous chloride and iodide of potassium, 1879, 308 ; on the constitution of isocyano- propionic acid, ib. - note on the phosphates of lime and ammonia, 1881, 597 * - on the employment of limed coal in gas-making, 1883, 471 * - and W. J. Cooper on a method of elementary organic analysis by a moist process, 1878, 517 ; *on a direct method for determining the calorific power of alimentary substances, 605 - and W. Fox on the constitution of the natural fats, 1883, 470 - and R. Schenk on the synthesis of caproic acid, 1867, 46 *Wansdyke at Woodyates, excavations of the, Gen. Pitt-Rivers on, 1890, 983 War, railways in, Gen. Sir J. F. Burgoyne on, 1865, 173 - risks, State guarantee of, J. Corry on, 1885, 1 1 7 1 *Ward (Capt.) on the American Arctic Expedition, 1871, 190 *- — — (F.) on the prevention of fraudu¬ lent adulterations in cheques, &c., 1876, 170 Ward (H. Marshall) on the embryologv of GymnoAina conopsea , 1879, 375 * — — notes on experiments as to the formation of starch in plants under the influence of the electric light, 1885, 1086 - on some cell contents, 1883, 537 * - on the germination of the spores of PhytopTithora infestans, 1886, 700 - on the steps taken for establishing a botanical station at Peradeniya, 1887 96; 1888, 421 ; 1889, 114; 1890, 470 * - on a lily disease, 1888, 702 - *on the development of a sclerotium from Botrytis, 1889, 649 ; *on the recog¬ nition, by means of microscopic sec¬ tions, of woods dug by Mr. Spurrell from the Forest Beds of the Thames, ib. * - (X. B.), a brief account of the vege¬ tation of the cliffs of Mohir, co. Clare. 1863, 191 * - on the poor man’s garden, 1866, 79 - (T.) 011 the history and cause of the subsidences at North wich and its neigh¬ bourhood, in the salt district of Cheshire, 1887, 713 - (Dr. T. Ogier) on a phenomenon connected with diffraction, 1872, 45 * - on the formation and stratification of sedimentary rocks, 1872, 123 ; on slicken-sides, or rubbed, polished, or striated rocks, ib. Warden (Alexander J.) on the linen manufacture in Dundee and neighbour¬ hood, 1867, 146 Warden of the Standards, reasons why the office of, should include standard weights and measures of the metric system in addition to those of the im¬ perial weights and measures, by James Yates, 1867, 147 Warder (Prof. R. B.), suggestions for computing the speed of chemical reac¬ tion, 1883, 456 *Wardle (T.) on the Muga silkworm and moth (Anther ce a assama ) of Assam, and other Indian silk-producing species, 1881, 770 ; *on some important sta¬ tistics relating to the silk industry, 852 Warfare, savage and civilised, J. A. Farrer on, 1879, 396 Warington (R.) on alterations in the properties of the nitric ferment by cul¬ tivation, 1881, 593 * - on the nitrates in soil, 1883, 469 — — on nitrification, 1884, 682 - on the distribution of the nitrifying organism in the soil, 1886, 582 - - on the reduction of nitrates by micro-organisms, 1887, 653 - - on the power of certain bacteria to form organic compounds from inorganic matter, 1890, 866 GENERAL INDEX. 447 *Warm-blooded animals. Dr, Binz on the action of alcohol on, 1873, 124 Warming and ventilation, J. D. Morrison on a new system of, 1871, 240 * - buildings, F. J. Bramwell on the circulation of hot water for, 1877, 201 * Warmth of air, the sensible, an instru¬ ment for determining, Prof. G. Forbes on, 1879, 277 *Warner (T.) on chambered spirit-levels, 1869, 54 '-"Warren (Lieut, C.) on reconnaissance of a new or partially known country, 1874, 184 , - [Col. Sir C.], Address to the Geogra¬ phical Section, 1887, 785 - (T. T, P. Bruce) on the electrical resistances of fixed and volatile oils, 1867, 47 - on electrification, 1869, 47 * - on the determination of tempera¬ ture-coefficients for insulating enve¬ lopes, 1877, 37 Warwickshire coalfield, the rocks sur¬ rounding, A. Strahan on the, and on the base of the Coal-Measures, 1886, 624 - the geology , mineralogy , and palceon- toloqy of , list of works on, by W. Whit¬ aker, 1885, 780 - the igneous rocks of the neighbour¬ hood surrounding, F. Rutley on, 1886, 625 - Lias in South, Rev. P. B. Brodie on two outliers of, 1864, 52 - Lias of, Rev. P. B. Brodie on two new species of corals in the, 1865, 49 - New Red Sandstone (Upper and Lower Keuper) in, Rev. P. B. Brodie on the fossiliferous beds of the, 1865, 48 Wasdale Craig, Prof. J. Phillips on the distribution of granite blocks from, 1864, 65 -"Wasps and bees, solitary, the instincts of, Sir J. Lubbock on, 1888, 706 - and their nests, John Hogg on two British, 1868, 101 Waste in animated frames, G. Harris on the concurrent contemporaneous pro¬ gress of renovation and, and the extent to which such operations are controll¬ able by artificial means, 1872, 152 - - lands, W. Botly on agricultural sta¬ tistics and, 1875, 206 Watches, first-class, the behaviour of, whilst undergoing tests in the rating department of Kew Observatory, Rich¬ mond, Surrey, G. M. Whipple on, 1885, 937 Watcombe terra-cotta clay, W. A. E. Ussher on the, 1888, 672 * Water, abrading and transporting power of, T. Login on the, 1868, 193 - abrading and transporting power of, Thomas Login on the roads and railways of Northern India as affected by the, 1869, 214 Water, action of, in the form of heated steam upon earthy minerals, Julius Jeffreys on the, 1869, 92 * - the action of, on lead, A. H. Allen on, 1885, 993 - analysis, report of the Committee for conferring with the Committee of tlu * American Association with a view of forming a uniform system of recording the results of, 1889, 55 * - bearing strata in the neighbourhood of Norwich, J. E. Taylor on the, 1869, 100 * - the behaviour of, under great provocation from heat, Prof. W. Ram¬ say on, 1888, 562 - colours, the action of light on, Dr. A. Richardson on, 1888, 641 - colours, the fading of, Prof. W. N. Hartley on, 1886, 581 - the composition of, by volume, Dr. A. Scott on, 1885, 976; 1887, 668; *1889, 544 - decomposition of, Dr. J. H. Glad¬ stone and A. Tribe on the mutual help¬ fulness of chemical affinity, heat, and electricity in producing the, 1872, 75 — — deep-sea, W. Lant Carpenter on the mode of collection of samples of, and of their analysis for dissolved gaseous constituents, employed on board H.M.S. ‘ Porcupine ’ during the summers of 1869 and 1870, *1870, 53 ; 1872, 72 * - distribution of land and, between the hemispheres, J. W. Reid on the physical causes which have produced the unequal, 1869, 100 - distribution of pure, to dwellings, A. McCallum Gordon on the, 1872, 246 * - distribution of, to the towns and dwellings in the middle ages, Rev. Prof. Willis on the arrangements em¬ ployed for the, 1868, 196 - drinking, Prof. Wanklyn on the effects of mineral substances in, on the health of the community, 1876, 163 - in estuaries, the physical conditions of, H. R. Mill on, 1885, 940 - estuary, H. R. Mill on the chemis¬ try of, 1886, 598 - - evaporation from the surface of, Rogers Field and G. J. Symons on the determination of the real amount of, 1869, 25, 220 — — examination of, for sanitary pur¬ poses, Prof. G. Bischof on the, 1871, 67 - excess of, in the region of the earth about New Zealand, J. Yates on the, 1861, 136 - experiments on the gauging of, by triangular notches, by Prof. James Thomson, 1861, 15 1 448 GENERAL INDEX. Water, flow and action of, containing solid matter in suspension , interim report on the lams of the, 1869, 402 - flow of, through orifices. Prof . James Thomson on the , 1876, 243 - friction of, upon water, experiments made to determine the, Rev. S. Haugh- ton on, 1879, 275 - frictional resistance of, on a surface, TU. Froude on the expemmental deter¬ mination of , 1874, 249 - in frost rising against gravity rather than freezing in the pores of the earth, Prof. J. Thomson on, 1871, 34 - gas in the United States, A. C. Humphreys on, 1889, 732 - jets, Lord Rayleigh on instantaneous photographs of, 1890, 752 - lead-poisoning in, A. Gordon on the prevention of, 1870, 60 - -lines, Prof. W. J. M. Rankine on an investigation of plane, 1863, 180 - magnetic rotation of mixtures of, and certain acids, and observations on water of crystallisation, Dr. W. H. Perkin on, 1886, 579 - main, R. E. Froude on the hydraulic internal scraping of the Torquay, 1869, 210 - meter, G. F. Deacon on the differen¬ tiating waste, 1874, 221 - microzymes ( Bacteria ) in, Dr. J. B. Sanderson and Dr. Ferrier on the ori¬ gin and distribution of, and the circum¬ stances which determine their existence in the tissues and liquids of the living body, 1871, 125 - motion of, in open channels, Major A. Cunningham on unsteady, 1882, 665 - nitrogenous organic matters in, Dugald Campbell on Messrs. Wanklyn, Chapman, and Smith’s method of determining, 1867, 32 ' - organic impurities in, Stewart Clark on an apparatus for estimating the, 1864, 26 - projectiles for penetration under, J. Whitworth on the proper form of, 1868, 195 - purity and impurity in the use and abuse of, Major-Gen. Synge on, 1873, 200 - resistance of, to floating and im¬ mersed "bodies, report on the, 1865,56; 1866, 148 — resistance of, to floating and im¬ mersed bodies, Prof. W. J. M. Rankine on the experiments of the Committee upon the, 1866, 147 - softening and purifying hard and impure, F. M. Lyte on the use of sodium and other soluble aluminates for, 1885, 984 ■ - solid, Prof. Guthrie on, 1876, 64 Water, solubility of lead and copper in pure and impure, Dr. T. L. Phipson on the, 1869, 73 - sound-signals under , report on the transmission of, 1865, 192; 1866, 212 - subterranean, in the Chalk Forma¬ tion, indications of the movement of, B. Latham on, 1877, 207 - subterranean supply of. in Belooch- istan and Western Scinde, J. W. Barnes on the, 1867, 113 - supplies of Plymouth, Devonport, Exeter, and St. Thomas, Henry K. Bamber on the, 1869, 60 * - - supply of Birmingham, C. E. Mat¬ hews on the, 1886, 817 - supply, the extent to which a geo¬ logical formation is available as a gathering ground for, W. Whitaker on, 1884, 896 - supply of Jerusalem, Capt. T. McNeill and Capt. C. W. Wilson on surveys relating to the, 1865, 123 — — - supply of London, F. J. Bramwell on the, 1877, 173 - supply, W. A. Traill on the rocks of Ulster as a source of, 1878, 537 - supply for the villages and coun¬ try parishes of the central and eastern counties of England, a scheme for, by Prof. E. Hull, *1872, 226; 1875, 249 - surface-friction experienced by a plane moving through, TU. Fro'ude on experiments on the, 1872, 1 1 8 ; 1874, 249 - underground, report on the circula¬ tion of the, in the New Red Sandstone and Permian formations of England, 1875,114; 1876,95; 1877, 56; 1878, 382; 1879, 15; 1880, 87; 1881, 309; 1882, 313; 1883, 147; 1884, 96; 1885, 380; 1886, 238 ; 1887, 358 ; 1888, 145 ; 1889, 71 ; 1890, 352 Waterhouse (Capt. J.) on processes of map-producing, 1878,628 * Waters (Dr. A. T. H.) on the intimate structure of the human lung, 1870, 143 - (A. W.) on the influence of the position of land and sea upon a shift¬ ing of the axis of the earth, 1877, 77 - report on the occupation of a table at the zoological station at Naples, 1880, 163 - cnCyclostomatous Bryozoa ( Polyzoa ) from Australia, 1885, 660; on fossil Cheilosto mat ous Bryozoa from Aiding a and the river Murray cliffs, South Aus¬ tralia, 664 Waters, Alfred Bird on the purification of terrestrial drinking, with neutral sul¬ phate of alumina, 1866, 33 - drinking-, W. J. Cooper on some physiological effects of various, 1875, 163 GENERAL INDEX. ♦Waters, river and lake, J. A. Wanklyn on the existence of putrescible matter in, 1867, 47 Waterspouts, whirlwinds and, Prof. J. Thomson on, 1881, 641 Waterworks, Bradford, Charles Gott on the, 1873, 451 - Brighton, E. Easton on the, 1872, 395 - at Goldstone Road, Brighton, W. Whitaker on the, 1885, 1041 - Newcastle and Gateshead, D. D. Main on the, 1863, 175 Watherston (E. J.) on Societies of commercial geography, 1881, 748; on the progress of British commerce in a generation, 763 - on the appropriation of wages and other sources of income, 1882, 297 - on railways : a plea for unity of ad¬ ministration, 1882, 643 - — — on technical education : the form it should take, 1887,844 * - on the industrial education of women abroad and at home, 1888, 771 - - on manual, or some form of techni¬ cal instruction a necessary element of a compulsory system of education, 1889, 712 Watkin (F. W.), apparatus for measuring the volume of gas evolved in various chemical actions, with or without the application of heat, with proposed ex¬ tension to organic analysis, and to the continuous determination of abnormal vapour densities, 1887, 650 Watson (Rev. H. W f on the promotion of the study of geography, 1887, 158 - (Sir J.) on improving the sanitary condition of large towns, 1877, 182 - how to meet the requirements of population displaced by the Artisans’ Dwellings Act, 1878, 658 * - (Dr. M.) on the anatomy of the thoracic viscera of the elephant, 1871, 144 f - on the anatomy and physiology of the Indian elephant, 1873, 134 - (Rev. R. B.), notes on dredging at Madeira, 1871, *137, 242 - (Dr. R. S.) on the difficulties of arbi¬ tration, 1889, 707 - ( W.) on the chasm called the Black Rock of Kiltearn, 1885, 1018 - (W. H.) on the action of various fatty oils upon copper, 1877, 53 - on the detection of milk adultera¬ tion, 1879, 322 - on the action of oils on metals, 1880, 560 t - (Major), trade prospects with the Sudan, 1887, 801 ♦Watt and Horse-Power, W. H. Preece on the, 1884, 893 44 9 Watt (A.) on an electro-centrifugal ma¬ chine for laboratory use, 1885, 991 - (W.) on the statistics and some points in the economics of the Scottish fisheries, 1885, 1175 Watts (Dr. J.) on strikes, 1861, 249 ♦ - on the practicability of a division of the employer's profits amongst the work¬ people, 1862, 196 ♦ - (Dr. J.) on pyrocatechin as a deriva¬ tive of certain varieties of tannic acid, 1877, 53 - on Muntz and Ramspacher’s appara¬ tus for the estimation of tannic acid, 1875, 46 - (N.), miners’ electric safety-lamps, 1888, 816 - (W. M.) on two spectra of carbon existing at the same temperature, 1870, 44 - on the teaching of physics in schools, 1874, 71 ; on preparing and printing tables of reave -numbers, 241 - on the oscillation-frequencies of solar rays , 1878, 37 - on the present state of our knowledge of spectrum analysis, 1880,258; 1881, 317; 1882, 120; 1884,295 - on wave-length tables of the spectra of the elements and compounds , 1882, 144; 1884, 351 ; 1885,288; 1886, 167 ; *1887, 624 ; 1890, 224 - (W. W.) on the Corndon laccolites, 1886, 670 - on a Shropshire picrite, 1887, 700 - on an igneous succession in Shrop¬ shire, 1888, 685 *— - - exhibition of specimens of belem- nites from Luckmanier, 1889, 571 - on the geology of the Long Moun¬ tain, on the Welsh borders, 1890, 817 ♦Waugh (A.) on the spectrum of polarised light, 1864, 191 - (Gen. Sir Andrew) on the desir¬ ability of an exploration being made of the district between the Brahmaputra , the Upper Irawadi , and the Yang-tse- Kiang, 1868, 430 - on the larvs of the flow and action of water containing solid matter in suspen¬ sion, 1869, 402 ♦ - (J.) on the prevention of incrusta¬ tion in steam-boilers, 1873, 219 Wave-action at a depth of forty fathoms in the English Channel, evidence of, A. R. Hunt on, 1882, 535 ♦ - apparatus for lecture purposes, to illustrate Fresnel’s conception of polarised light, C. J. Woodward on a, (♦1877, 43)5 1881, 563 ♦ - disturbances in the ether, the possibility of originating, by electro¬ magnetic forces, G. F. FitzGerald on, 1880, 497 450 GENERAL INDEX. *Wave groups, deep sea, graphical illus¬ trations of, by Sir W. Thomson, 1886, 547 - lengths of the spectra of the hydro¬ carbons, Prof. W. Swan on the, 1871, 43 * - lengths of the hydrogen-rays, G. Johnstone Stoney on the numerical relations between the, 1869, 24 - - length tables of the spectra of the elements and compounds , report on the preparation of a new series of, 1882, 144; 1884,351; 1885, 288; 1886,167; *1887, 624; 1890, 224 - lengths, absolute, recent determina¬ tions of, Louis Bell on, 1887, 584 - numbers, report of the Committee appointed to construct and print cata¬ logues of spectral rays arranged upon a scale of ; 1872, 53; 1873, 249; *1874, 241 ; i878, 37 - numbers, G. J. Stoney on the advan¬ tage of referring the positions of lines in the spectrum to a scale of, 1871, 42 - theory of light, heat, &c., Dr. H. Hudson on the, 1870, 39 - velocity in certain dielectrics, some experiments to determine, F. T. Trouton on, 1890, 741 - - see 1 Ships, stability of ’ Waves, action of, on sea beaches, A. R. Hunt on the, 1883, 658 * - and currents , the action of, on the beds and foreshores of estuaries , report on the investigation of, by nr cans of working models, 1889, 327; 1890, 512 (see 1887, 555) - analogous to earthquake waves, Robert Mallet’s report of the ex¬ periments made at Holyhead (North Wales) to ascertain the transit-velocity of, 1861, 201 - form and motion of, W. J. M. Rankine on the exact, at and near the surface of deep wrater, 1862, 5 - of finite longitudinal disturbance, VV. J. Macquorn Rankine on the ther¬ modynamic theory of, 1869, 14 * - of light and heat, amplitude of, G. J. Stoney on the, 1876, 31 - measurement of, C. W. Merrifield on the, 1872, 247 — — near shore, report on machinery for obtaining a record of the roughness of the sea and measurement of, 1873, 495 - modification of the motion of, pro¬ duced by fluid friction, Prof. J. Purser on the, i 87 6, 31 * - the rate of progression of groups of, and the rate at which energy is transmitted by wind, Prof. O. Rey¬ nolds on, 1 877, 42 - stationary, in flowing water, Sir W. Thomson on, L 8 8 6 . 546 Waves on the surface of water, the effects of oil in destroying, Prof. O. Reynolds on, 1880, 489 - in a viscous liquid, A. B. Bassett on, 1888, 563 Wax, Prof. C. Tomlinson on some phe¬ nomena connected with the melting and solidifying of, 1866, 44 Way (Prof. J. T.) on the treatment and utilisation of sewage, 1873, 413 Wealden Saurian, Rev. W. Fox on a new, named Polacanthus, 1865, 56 — — the age of the, J. W. Judd on, 1870, 77 *Wealth, definition of, H. D. McLeod on the, 1886, 779 - distribution of, in relation to the incomes of the labouring classes, Prof. L. Levi on recent changes in the, 1883, 353 - distribution of, in Scotland, R. Richardson on the 1887, 840 - and population in Lancashire, W. E. A. Axon on the increase of, 1887, 852 - theory of the consumption of, Prof. P. Geddes on a, 1890, 924 Weapons in prehistoric times, the distri¬ bution of names of, Hyde Clarke on, 1870, 144 - prehistoric names of, H. Clarke on, 1873, 141 - primitive, of ancient India, Sir Walter Elliot on the, 1872, 180 Wear, C. M. Palmer on the construction of ships and shipbuilding on the, 1863, 694 *Weardale, C. Attwood on some geo¬ logical facts observed in, 1863, 64 Weather, barometric predictions of the, F. Gallon on, 1870, 31 - — — changes of the, Rev. W. Walton on some signs of, 1861, 74 - - charts, European, F. Gallon on, for December 1861, 1862, 30 - -charts, synoptic, of the Indian Ocean, C. Meldrum on, 1868, 28 ; *1885, 917 - -charts, daily synoptic , of the Indian Ocean from the year 1861, report on the proposed publication of, 1882, 38 ; 1883, 1 18; 1884, 32 ; 1885, 60 - - disturbance of the, by artificial influences, especially battles, military manoeuvres, great explosions and con¬ flagrations, R. B. Belcher on, 1874, 36 - of 1888, the effects of the, on the animal and vegetable kingdoms, E. J. Lowe on, 1888, 726 - forecasting the, Prof. Buys- Ballot on the system of, pursued in Holland, 1863, 20" - a similarity between magnetical and meteorological, Prof. Balfour Stewart on, 1882, 460 - see ‘ Climate,’ ‘ Storm,’ ‘ Rainfall.’ » PRINTED BY SPOTTISWOODE AND CO., NEW-STREET SQUARE LONDON '