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4

gE, Ly, ee

REPORT

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THE COMMISSIONER

Th

FOR

THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 380, 1898.

+= o- > ° Ge

WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1895,

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CONTENTS.

Page
emo nb Ouuie WO OMMISSLONEM = 5s oP ences! oe ce Oe la ee eee 1-16

Report upon the Inquiry respecting Food-fishes and the Fishing-
prounds. VERiehard arash bei) as oe ee ed 17-51

Report of the Division of Statistics and Methods of the Fisheries. By
Rape Ma Ge Jo ee Oa hy 2S 8 et Se gh ea cle 52-77

Report on the Propagation and Distribution of Food-fishes. By S.
Stay WNC EL ahs ope eae ey ol eee By as ie rere APN NS ge pete Sct 78-138

APPENDICES.

Fisheries of the Pacific Coast. By William A. Wilcox._.__._..._..._--- 139-304

Report upon the Work of the United States Fish Commission steamer
Albatross. By Z. L.Tanner, Commander, United States Navy. 305-341
Report upon Ichthyological Investigations in western Minnesota and east-

ern North Dakota. By Albert J. Woolman._..............--.--- 343-373
The Food of the Oyster, Clam, and Ribbed Mussel. By John P. Lotsy,

a otters DSS chen 2B rie ap A 2d We ill 379-386
Establishment of Stations for the Propagation of Salmon on the Pacific

Coast. By John J. Brice, Commander, United States Navy----- 387-392
The Ichthyological Collections of the steamer Albatross during the years

L390 andy8Ol-) By Charles EL. Gilbberte- 2004 222 eee SES 393-476

111

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List Or TLLUST RA TTONS:

Page.
1. Salmon Gill-net Boats waiting for change of Tide, Tmowee of Columbia River.----- 1389
2. Cod-fishing Station, Pirate Cove, Shumagin Islands, Alaska___...-.-...-.-----.---- 147
a Cod-curnince station. Pescada landing @alitornidnysesssns- ssee see es | oes nee ee ee ae 199
AaShootingia bombaancesintoid) Whales .ssssus2ne aeeren sapere tee ete e eee meas 205
DScowsHisn=wneels Columbia thiVien: 27.2 uj ccceseessae ea so ee ease ee ee ace 213
6) Stationary bish-wheel Columbia River: 22 sees sees ee se eed soe = oe eee ee iaees 243
fe Hresh-water lerrapin (Chelopus marmoratus)).-. 2-2: 2 ces eae ce oes eeeceseeannce OOL
8. Bowhead or Arctic Whale. California Smelt. Sacr arnente Per Chig=c Sees ee sean s 304
QeBlsek=handed) Hockfish-— Corsair: Preetish) 40: Jol Jo - 7 ese eens soak ee eeee cea FOOk
LOMHalibuc. -Californahlounter.. Surf iSmeltis 2222.6 28e2 seet ne eee neces eectees O08
11. Cod. Cultus-cod. Black Cod or Beshowe. California Herring _-...-.-........------ 304
12. Chinook, King, or Quinnat Salmon. Blueback or Red Salmon. Silver Salmon.
1D Foyer ope hs aXo ye iene ea at AR ee See eS oe Boletos chert Sita SON Leen ane OOM
18. Steelhead. Bull’s-eye, or Chub Mackerel. Peeling: tail, or rales ish ee ea eae 304
ee CerripIn Nel OACramentOrhiVele \oconn sanaee aaok oes ewes eocbe ce = a ecse eee ee toes OOUL
ibe bannorlmproved Dredrime Ouadramtens.9 a -ncoe eee ee ne eee so one eee eceee 314
L6Deviation Card) | Hastiorn ot; haul, madiaklsland +92. o.-2-s es speeeeo 22 et eneeeeeene 317
Me WowmanonGara. Oi Fort, Downsend, NWasheo oust so setasekeente eee ee oeeee seams 3le
InDevidtion Card «TOtimanbaienuz, Callforinigy =a. ees s- 26 desee oa ee aera e eee 317
19. Map showing the Minnesota Valley at the Summit--....--..--.--.-------------.---- 343
PALL EL) CETCLOR SSUCOLCUISD OV ie coe a ne ee aaa ee ee oe Une Eoi a Oe nena Soha ae eal mee ee oe 396
MLL) OL LCRUGLGOR Dill OMe Sree en ciee a eo mas cho es Ne ceeaeee dees ck ceuac nee cae te 398
Rom COUUSLOCERICUULIUS) (GIL OOIG) eas sea oo cews eam eee ans Cie aoe nes Se a eee ao ae ct, VANS
Pom SCOUSLOLOOMNALEVCCLUSIS Du TONE se onateks eee io Se roma he Oe We oe SON eweetc sect 410
24, Icelus spiniger sp. noy. Icelus canaliculatus sp. nov ---------------- dy ies Us Ba ose 412
PO MICELMLUS UDTEOILE SD AnOVie sees mae sesh Sone eee AS aa et Une oy ese EU kU Ue oe ae 416
26. Acanthocottus profundorum sp.nov. Acanthocottus laticeps sp. NOV------------.-- 422
Sime CONMEROCOLLUSILO LICE DS BDMMIOW See acc cae tee oS ates eee es om = ee eee cia ee esr aye
BOM PLOLONS CLAN Sp. LlOV. Me IPO LOS SCEPLICUSISD. NOV sees see = sec anue Hoe ase cebeeeceaers 26
29. Raja cenostethus, lateral and ventral viewS:.:..2.225--02--) 0-222 ede ececcess-casce © 428
30. Elanura forficata sp. nov. Pariceiinus thoburni sp. nov. Odontopyxis frenatus
(5) Ben OXON, 2 pases seae eee reT EAE Re Te act sense Ae ee ee en ere ee IEC oY]
PUP METILOLENUUS MILTLCUS SD OV =a msec lee some es tn, oe ane oe wins 2 SEU enc enue 448
2. Leptoblennius mackayi sp. nov. Lycodopsis crotalinus Gilbert. Lycodapus fier-
Shera UIDOR basse ce wane eet weet Son Sone ae. Joe a tae ae lea ete te Cae Va ei oi 450
33. Limanda proboscidea sp. noyv---------- OE ss reget SIE SEI ceed OUR NRA A 3 TRE 460
34. Leuroglossus stilbtus Gilbert. Paraliparis dactylosus sp.nov. Lyconectes aleuten-
Sta) GHIDOL US nn see a eee asses cone ae Pre Sea ENE eee, Be SOS
35. Lyconema barbatum sp. nov. Tigeodopsis dey pietannnss Sp. nov. Meteo gma pam-
IOUS ec cea tacoataee ate twa waeaccemnateats hoes wenece nacerniew seine stance wsueseeeaaaen ss 472

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RE POR a

Or THE

UNITED STATES COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES

FOR THE

FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1893.

The report herewith presented covers the operations of the Commis-
sion during the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1892, and ending June 30,
1893. The appropriations made by Congress were as follows:

For current expenses:

Compensation of the Commissioner. ........-.....--.- $5, 000
Propagationrof food -Nshes.i. 4-5 (cent = == << wees ces 152, 500
Distriiutionpoted Ood-tshese.- 7 m.s-jy> -tjaiss = ne ae sige 45, 000
Maimbienance) OF VOSS Srp cti- mien cia eecieyeeies aes 68, 900
Inquiry respecting food-fishes......-........-+...---- 15, 000
SUPOES CEH | SIG TLU NPE soup pr dag Bech a aue SOE Ser anec Cae tae a lanl) 00)
ROUEN ESAS RL SS otae cl: oes ABE SSCS. one mee ae eee 301, 400
For completion of fish-cultural stations:
Green lalcejand ‘Crate Brook, Me. 22222222. 222222. 8, 000
Step OMS DUM yin ene sears aloe olay teo mee ar. = a OOOO
Mead wile: COO eo ar pre ons 9 = ee ete a sic eln at ese ae.) 10,000
Binary ie, WMRORS a. asks x Say ake MSs a eicll= Sack lse'e ms Soe 3, 000
For establishment of fish-cultural stations:
MON GAN Ae eels ia ateie apa aes alee ern sel a cimieis tats eis.cgie 2 = =e 10, 000
ARENAS SPS Ae CRS an Sites Ben a eth OB ry Seb etrke Om menos Sam 10, 000

For conducting examinations relative to the advisability
of establishing fish-cultural stations:

eRe) NSS) ges ee ee es ee a ae re 1, 000
GNM ESSOC ese ees Me eee Dee Seis tee ok 1, 000
South Dakota, Iowa, and Nebraska. ..............-... 1, 000
NY OMT hanes SSO. cee Sheena nalgcw cinisie sme 400

In accordance with law, a report showing details of expenditures
from the foregoing appropriations was submitted to Congress December
4, 1893 (Senate Mis. Doc. No. 4, Fifty-third Congress, second session).

DIVISION OF ADMINISTRATION.

The work of this division has been under the general supervision of
the chief clerk of the Commission, Mr. Herbert A. Gill. To it are
assigned all matters connected with the general personnel of the Com-
mission, appropriations, accounts, publications, library, office of archi-
tect and engineer, and other incidents of administration not specifically
chargeable to any of the other divisions.

PUBLICATIONS.

In order that the information secured by the Commission may be
placed in the hands of those interested at as early a date as possible,
it has been the custom for some years to distribute, in advance of the
completed reports and bulletins of the Commission, paniphlet copies of

F. R. 93 if

2 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

the different papers comprising these volumes. Under this system the
following papers were issued during the year:

Report of distribution of fish and eggs from July 1, 1888, to June 30, 1889. (Report
for 1888, pp. 379-394.)

Notes on Entozoa of marine fishes, with description of new species, Parti. (Report
for 1888, pp. 523-542.)

The anatomy of Thysanocephalum crispum Linton, a parasite of the tiger shark.

(Report for 1888, pp. 543-556.)

Report upon the participation of the United States Fish Commission in the Centen-
nial Exposition held at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1888, by J. W. Collins. (Report for
1888, pp. 869-885. )

Report of the Commissioner for 1888, by Marshall McDonald, (Report for 1888, pp.
I-CXXVIII. )

Report on the fisheries of the New England States, by J. W. Collins and Hugh M.
Smith. (Bulletin for 1890, pp. 73-176.)

Report on an investigation of the fisheries of Lake Ontario, by Hugh M. Smith.
(Bulletin for 1890, pp. 177-215. )

A report upon the fishes of Iowa, based upon observations and collections made
during 1889, 1890, and 1891, by S. E. Meek. (Bulletin for 1890, pp. 217-248.)
Report of an examination of therivers of Kentucky, with lists of the fishes obtained,

by Albert J. Woolman. (Bulletin for 1890, pp. 249-288. )

Notes on the streams and fishes of Clinton County, Ky., with a description of a new
darter, by Philip H. Kirsch. (Bulletin for 1890, pp. 289-292.)

A report upon the rivers of central Florida tributary to the Gulf of Mexico, with
lists of the fishes inhabiting them, by Albert J. Woolman. (Bulletin for 1890,
pp. 293-302. )

An investigation of the coast waters of South Carolina with reference to oyster-cul-
ture, by John D. Battle. (Bulletin for 1890, pp. 303-330. )

Report on the salmon fisheries of Alaska, by Marshall McDonald. (Bulletin for
1892, pp. 1-50.)

Observations on the hatching of the yellow perch, by 8. G. Worth. (Bulletin for
1890, pp. 331-334. )

The physical and biological characteristics of the natural oyster-grounds of South
Carolina, by Bashford Dean. (Bulletin for 1890, pp. 335-361.)

The present methods of oyster-culture in France, by Bashford Dean. (Bulletin for
1890, pp. 863-388. )

A contribution to our knowledge of the morphology of lamellibranchiate mollusks,
by James L. Kellogg. (Bulletin for 1890, pp. 389-436. )

Report on the establishment of fish-cultural stations in the Rocky Mountain region -

and Gulf States, consisting of (1) a reconnaissance of the streams and lakes of
western Montana and northwestern Wyoming, and (2) a report upon investiga-
tions made in Texas in 1891, by B. W. Evermann. (Bulletin for 1891, pp. 1-90.)

A statistical report on the fisheries of the Gulf States, by J. W. Collins and Hugh
M. Smith. (Bulletin for 1891, pp. 91-184.)

Description of a new sucker, Pantosteus jordani, from the Upper Missouri Basin, by
Barton W. Evermann. (Bulletin for 1892, pp. 51-56.)

Report on a collection of fishes from the Albemarle region of North Carolina, by
Hugh M. Smith. (Bulletin for 1891, pp. 185-200.)

Observations on the spawning habits of the shad, by 8. G. Worth. (Bulletin for
1891, pp. 201-206 )

A preliminary report on the aquatic invertebrate fauna of the Yellowstone National
Park, Wyoming, and of the Flathead region of Montana, by 8. A. Forbes. (Bul-
letin for 1891, pp. 207-258. )

Notes on a collection of fishes from the southern tributaries of the Cumberland River
in Kentucky and Tennessee, by P. H. Kirsch. (Bulletin for 1891, pp. 259-268. )

Report on the fisheries oi the South Atlantic States, by Hugh M. Smith. (Bulletin
for 1891, pp. 269-367. )

There was also issued the complete report of the Commissioner, cov-
ering the fiscal years 1889-90 and 1890-91. (Report for 1889-91, pages
1 to 204, and I to x1.)

The distribution of the publications of the Commission consisted of
2,700 bound volumes of the Reports and Bulletins, and about 11,000
copies of the various articles appearing therein. These were sent
more especially to libraries, scientific institutions, and persons specially
interested in the subjects respectively presented.

-

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 3

The following papers, published at the expense of the Museum of
Comparative Zoology-at Cambridge, Mass., and covering reports of the
results of the investigations carried on during 1891 by the U.S. Fish
Commission steamer Albatross, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U.S.N.,
and under the charge of Prof. Alexander Agassiz, off the west coast of
Central America and Mexico, were published during the year.

Vorliiutiger Bericht iiber die erbeuteten Holothurien, by Hubert Ludwig. (Bulletin
of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, vol. xxiv, No.4.)

On a peculiar type of Arenaceous Foraminifer from the American tropical Pacific,
Neusina agassizi, by A. Goés. (Bulletin of Museum of Comparative Zoology at
Harvard Coliege, vol. xx111, No. 5.)

SPECIAL REPORTS.

On July 2, 1892, in response to a resolution of the United States Senate
for information concerning the salmon fisheries of Alaska, a report was
transmitted to the Senate (Mis. Doe. 192, Fifty-second Congress, first
session) discussing the origin and development of the fisheries, statis-
tics of the fisheries, present condition of the fisheries, methods and
apparatus employed, the protective regulations of the fisheries, and
recommendations as to further legislation in reference thereto. This
report will also be found in the Bulletin of the United States Fish Com-
mission for 1892.

LIBRARY.

The accessions to the library, which were mainly by donation and in
exchange for the publications of the Commission, embraced 1,064 books,
of which about one-fourth related directly to fish and fisheries, and the
balance to zoology, natural history, and kindred subjects.

OFFICE OF ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER.

While under orders to make investigations of certain localities in
Montana offering advantages for the location of a fish-cultural station,
Mr. Charles E. Gorham, the architect and engineer of the Commission,
died at Bozeman, Mont., November 13, 1892. For the purpose of secur-
ing a competent engineer to fill the position thus made vacant, the
United States Civil Service Commission held a special examination for
applicants, and upon their certification Mr. Hector von Bayer was
appointed thereto on March 1, 1893.

The following is Mr. Von Bayer’s report, showing the work of con-
struction at the different stations of the Commission during the year:

Green Lake Station, Maine.—The two settling reservoirs were finished; a number
of new rearing ponds were excavated; a branch box flume was laid, which taps
the main supply flume, for feeding the new ponds, and a system of outdoor rearing-
troughs and tubs; new drains from the ponds and troughs were laid; a number of
buoys were placed in Green Lake for safer navigation; a new screen-gate was put
at the foot of Green Lake to prevent the escape of fish; a portion of the road leading
through the grounds was graded; a brick cistern was built in the superintendent’s
quarters and one in the foreman’s quarters; minor repairs were made to the superin-
tendent’s cottage, such as strengthening the first floor by additional posts, strengthen-
ing the roof construction by additional collar-beams, and walling up the foundation
of the earth closet; the siding and roof of the ice-house were repaired; the dam at
Mountainey Pond was strengthened and leaks in the main supply flume were stopped.

4 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Craig Brook Station, Maine.—Completion of stable and annex to superintendent’s
cottage; building of a small settling reservoir; deepening of ponds; repairing hatch-
ery annex by laying a floor in the former woodshed and plastering the same for an
office and food room; building a small smithy and annex to the farm house; repairing
water conduits and flume; and some grading of the grounds.

Woods Hole Station, Massachusetts.—Repairs to doors, windows, and blinds of main
building; grading along water front of same; repairing flooring of coal wharf;
bottoms of boat-landing floats, woodwork around boat EERO NES and small fen
basin renewed; and the movable coal hoist repaired.

Fish Ponds, Weaving D. C.—Repairs to ponds and embankments, to supply and
drain pipes, hydrants, grounds, etc. The north half of the first floor of the super-
intendent’s cottage was strengthened for storing books thereon.

Bryan Point Station, Maryland.—Improvements on the grounds; the rebuilding of
a landing; and minor repairs to buildings.

Wytheville Station, Virginia.—Repairs to ponds; laying additional supply pipes
from spring to ponds, hatchery, and railroad; new spawning beds prepared; pond
walls and embankments repaired; blind ditches opened; and a flagstaff erected.

Northville Station, Michigun.—The erection of adam with fishway across the north
branch of the Rouge River, 2,400 feet southwest of the hatchery grounds; the con-
struction of a brick reservoir on the grounds, and the laying of an 18-inch water
conduit of terra cotta from said dam to the reservoir on the grounds, capable of sup- —
plying 2,000 gallons of water per minute; repairs to the telephone line between the
hatchery and the railroad depot; building of new ponds and repairs to old ones;
laying new supply pipes from reservoirs to hatchery and ponds; and minor repairs to
buildings and outfit.

Duluth Station, Minnesota.—Repairs to tanks, flume, crib well, hatchery flooring,
and grounds.

Neosho Station, Missouri.—Building new ponds, new earth closet, and woodshed;
minor repairs to buildings, ponds, walks in grounds, ete.

Leadville Station, Colorado.—Repairing the old hatchery, ponds, and a break in the
embankment of Lower Evergreen Lake; building a number of new ponds and grading
a portion of the grounds.

Baird Station, California.—Rebuilding a bridge with rack across the McCloud River;
erecting a flagstaff; repairing stable, hatching and spawning houses, and current
wheel, and other minor items of damage done by the past floods.

Fort Gaston Station, California.—A dam and trap were built at Mill Creek, a tribu-
tary of the Trinity River, about 4 miles distant from the station. The auxiliary
hatching house on Redwood Creek, 11 miles southwest from Fort Gaston Station, was
enlarged. Repairs were made to ponds, supply flume, and buildings.

Clackamas Station, Oregon.—A rack was built across the Clackamas River, as well
as across the Sandy River, a tributary of the Columbia River, 17 miles northeast of
the station, with a dam and flume at the latter; a flagstaff was erected, fish inclos-
ures made, new conduits to hatchery laid, and grounds improved.

FiSHWAY, POTOMAC RIVER,
Congress, by act approved August 5, 1892, made an additional ap-
_ propriation of $15,000 to complete the erection of a fishway at Great
Falls, in the Potomac River, sections 4, 5, and 6 having been completed
during the previous year. Plans and specifications for sections 1, 2,
and 3 were prepared, and proposals for the construction were invited
by advertisement. But two bids were received, of whicb the lower—
that of Isaac H. Hathaway, of Philadelphia—was accepted, and a
contract entered into with him by the Chief of Engineers, U.S. A., on
November 23, 1892. Sections 2 and 3 and a part of the permanent
deflecting dam were completed during the year.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 5
OFFICE OF MECHANICAL ENGINEER.

The following is the report of Passed Assistant Engineer I. 8. K.
Reeves, U.S. N., detailed by the Secretary of the Navy as the mechan-
ical engineer of the Commission:

The steam, water, circulating, heating, electric, and gas plants, together with their
attachments, pipe connections, etc., which are located at the different stations, have
been, as opportunity offered, examined, overhauled, and repaired.

In the machine shop at Central Station a galvanized iron pipe coil refrigerator was
built and introduced for the aquaria at Central Station for regulating the tempera-
ture of the salt-water supply. A water motor of the Tuerk patent was purchased, a
hard-rubber pump fitted to the same, and introduced at Central Station, not only to
save the expense of $25 per month for gas, but also to allow the necessary repairs
to be made to the Rider hot-air pumping engine, which had been in use continually,
night and day, for the past three years and needed extensive repairs. After the erec-
tion of the above-mentioned motor the pumping engine was put in thorough repair.
A Bishop & Babcock air pump was purchased and connected to the different aquaria
at Central Station in order to aérate the water. There was also purchased hard-
rubber piping for new supply pipe for salt-water circulation for the aquaria.

Twenty-five defective tubes in the boiler for the pulsometers at the fish ponds
were cut out and new ones put in.

The steam, water, and air circulating plants, transporting tanks, and their attach-
ments on cars Nos. 2 and 3 were thoroughly overhauled and new piping substituted
where required. A duplex pump of the New York Air Brake Company was placed
in car No. 3, in order to supply air circulation to transporting tanks. The iron pipe
coil-refrigerator in car No. 3 was removed, the system remodeled, and a new galvan-
ized-iron coil putin. In the spring a baggage car was purchased and equipped with
boiler, circulating pump, feed pump, air pump, tanks, and necessary attachments for
circulating water and air during the transportation of fish to the World’s Columbian
Exposition. All boilers, pumps, steam-heating apparatus, etc., on the cars of the
Commission were thoroughly overhauled and tested.

The engines, pumps, boilers, etc., of steamers Plover, Canvasback, Blue Wing, Cur-
lew, Cygnet, Shearwater, and Petrel were overhauled, repaired, and tested; and small
repairs were also made to the hulls of these steamers where required. The steamer
Petrel was hauled out on the railway and hull coppered below waterline. The ~
steamer Blue Wing was also hauled out on the railway and a new sternpost put in.
The lead sleeve in the deadwood was found so much worn that a new brass sleeve
was putin. A new smokestack was also fitted to the boiler, and new holding-
down bolts for engines were introduced. A new awning frame of galvanized-iron
pipe was made for the steamer Curlew, and a new awning fitted. The steamer
Shearwater was docked in Cleveland, Ohio, and hull and decks calked and painted;
the jet condenser was removed, and a copper keel condenser connected. ‘There were
also a number of minor repairs made to the hull and machinery of this steamer. A
pump in stock was transferred to this steamer, to circulate the water for transporting
cans.

The gravity water supply at the Duluth Station having failed on several occasions
from drought and freezing up, it could not be depended upon, and it became necessary
to increase the pumping plant at that station; this was done by the transfer of a
pump in stock at Battery Station. This was connected to the wells on the lake
shore, which increased the water supply at the Duluth Station about 150 gallons per
minute, giving a total supply from the two pumps of 400 gallons per minute.

The mechanical and machine work incident to the above-mentioned repairs,
alterations, etc., was almost entirely performed by the machinists and firemen of
the Commission, the machine work having been done in the different shops of the
Commission, which are located at the different stations.

6 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

EXPOSITIONS.

The Worlds Columbian Exposition, Chicago.—Capt. J. W. Collins,
assistant in charge of the Division of Fisheries, continued as repre- .
sentative of the Commission on the Board of Management and Control
till the latter part of 1892, when he resigned from the Commission. On
December’29 Dr. Tarleton H. Bean, assistant in charge of the Division
of Fish-Culture, was appointed as his successor on the Board.

Columbian Historical Exposition, Madrid, 1892.—The participation
of the Commission in this Exposition consisted in the transmission of
a complete set of the publications of the Commission. In recognition
of this exhibit, the Board of Directors of the Exposition conferred a
a bronze commemorative medal, which has been deposited in the United
States National Museum.

ADDITIONAL FISH-CULTURAL STATIONS.

Fish-hatchery at St. Johnsbury, Vt.—In the previous report reference
was made to the selection of a site near St. Johnsbury for the fish-
cultural station directed by law to be established in the State of Ver-
mont. On July 21, 1892, the necessary plat of the site selected and
the deeds conveying the different properties to the United States ©
were forwarded to the United States Attorney-General. The following
December that officer certified to the sufficiency of the deeds to vest
in the United States valid titles; and in January, 1893, the purchase
money was paid to the respective owners. These payments were, to EH.
and T, Fairbanks, $1,070; Asa 8. Livingston, $300; John Morgan, $500;
Calvin H. Cushman, $600; total, $2,470.

By the act approved July 5, 1892, a further appropriation of $10,000
was made by Congress for the completion of the station, to include the
erection of buildings, the introduction of water supply, the construction —
of ponds, and other features in the development of the station. Owing,
however, to the death of the engineer of the Commission and the delay
incident to the selection and appointment of a successor, no actual
construction work was undertaken during the year.

Fish-hatchery in New York.—Under the authority given by the act
approved March 3, 1891, for the establishment of a fish-cultural station
on or near the St. Lawrence River, New York, a preliminary investiga-
tion was made of certain localities in that State with a view to selecting
a station furnishing the requirements as set forth in the report of the
Commissioner for 1889-91, page 57. A site was examined at Theresa,
but no conclusion in regard to the matter was reached at the time.
Derogatory reports of the water supply of that place having been
received, a further examination was made the following August, and
the result demonstrated the unfitness of the site. In view of the ill
success that attended investigations looking toward the selection of a
suitable site (examinations having been made at Waddington, Redwood,
Clayton, St. Lawrence, Richland, Pulaski, and Sand Bank, none of
which nearly reached the standard required), aud owing to the lateness

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 7

of the season, it became necessary to postpone further investigations
. until another season.

Fish-hatchery at San Marcos, Tex.—In a previous report reference
was made to an investigation with a view to establishing a fish-cultural
station in the Gulf States, and to the fact that San Marcos, Tex.,
furnished a desirable site for a station for the propagation of fresh-
water species of fishes. By act approved August 5, 1892, an appro-
priation of $10,000 was made for the establishment of such a station
in Texas. Before final decision upon the selection of this site a
further investigation of certain other localities was made.

In November, 1893, an offer was made by a committee of citizens of
San Marcos to convey to the United States a tract of land in that
town, near the head waters of the river and just below the dam of the
San Marcos Water Company; to rebuild and raise the existing dam
across the river, so as to provide a higher level and thus permit of the
supply of water to the ponds by gravity; to obtain the right to enter
upon the property of the San Marcos Water Company for the purpose
of laying the necessary pipes and to take fishes from the lake for the
purposes of propagation; and to secure the passage of certain city
ordinances which would allow of the satisfactory conduct of the station.
The consideration to be paid for the tract was $4,500, and for the water
rights, dam, etc., $2,500. In view of all these circumstances, it was
decided to select the San Marcos site, and the deed of Judge W. D.
Wood covering the tract of ground was delivered on the 2d of May,
1893, and that of Mr. Ed. J. L. Green and the San Marcos Water Com-
pany for water rights, etc., on the 24th of April, 1893.

In accordance with the request of this office of the 14th of April,
1893, the United States attorney for the western district of Texas was
directed to receive the papers and examine the titles to the property
and rights thereby conveyed. Under date of May 25 the Attorney-
General certified that the deed to the Wood tract was sufficient to vest
in the United States a valid title to the same. In regard to the prop-
erty of the San Marcos Water Company and Mr. Green, it was found
that the title was affected by certain deeds of trust given by the com-
pany to secure certain issues of bonds, and it became necessary to
arrange for releases, so far as the rights conveyed by the deed to the
United States were concerned. Steps were therefore taken to secure
from the trustees, with the consent of the holders of the bonds, the
releases called for by the Attorney-General. This, however, it was
impossible to have done before the close of the year, and the respective
deeds were held in escrow until the final completion of all the require-
ments necessary to pass the property in fee simple to the United States.

Fish-hatchery at Bozeman, Mont.—In the last report of the Commis-
sioner attention was called to the investigations which took place with
a view of selecting suitable sites for the establishment of fish-cultural
stations in the State of Montana and in one of the Gulf States. Of the
sites examined in Montana, the most desirable for the proposed station

8 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

was that embracing Davies Springs, near Bozeman. After a careful
engineering survey an option for the sale of the property at $3,500 was
obtained. The site embraces some 78 acres of land, on which are the
Davies Springs, flowing between 1,200 and 1,500 gallons of water per
minute. Certain rights connected with the water supply of Bridger
Creek are also secured. The deed of William J. Davies and his wife
transferring this property was dated May 20, 1893, and this document
was duly transmitted to the United States Attorney-General for exami-
nation and certification as to the sufficiency of the same to vest a valid
title in the United States. On June 26, 1893, the Attorney-General,
in a communication to the Commissioner, stated that this deed was
sufficient to pass a valid title to the United States.

Afognak forest and fish-culture reserve-—The act approved March 3,
1891, entitled “An act to repeal timber-culture laws, and for other pur-
poses,” affecting the acquisition of public lands, provides for the reserva-
tion in Alaska of such public lands as “shall be selected by the United
States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries on the islands of Kadiak
and Afognak for the purpose of establishing fish-culture stations.”
Under this provision of the act the President, by proclamation of
December 24, 1892, set aside ‘‘Afognak Bay, River, and Lake, with their
tributary streams and the sources thereof, and the lands including the
same on said Afognak Island, and within onemile from the shores thereof,
as a reserve for the purpose of establishing fish-culture stations, and
for the use of the United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, the
boundary lines of which inelude the head springs of the tributaries above
mentioned, and the lands the drainage of which is into the same.”

COURTESIES RECEIVED AND EXTENDED.

At the request of the Secretary of State, information on the fishery
laws of various countries was furnished for use in the arbitration of the
Bering Sea seal controversy between this country and Great Britain.

By direction of the President, the steamer Albatross was transferred
to the Treasury Department, for duty in the investigation of the life-
history of the fur seal and of the fur-seal fishery of Bering Sea.

The Treasury Department granted facilities to Mr. Charles H. Town-
send, an assistant of the Commission, to study seal life upon the rook-
eries of the Pribilof Islands.

Information relative to the hydrographic soundings of the steamer
Albatross was furnished the Coast and Geodetic Survey for the Coast
Pilot of Alaska.

The steamer Albatross was transferred to the Navy Department, by
direction of the President, for duty as a patrol in Bering Sea.

Capt. W. E. Dougherty, U.S. A., was, by request, detailed by the Sec-
retary of War to superintend the fish-cultural work at Fort Gaston, Cal.

The Commission is again indebted to Gen. Albert Ordway, command-
ing the District of Columbia militia, for the loan of tents and equipment
for use in the shad-hatching operations on the Potomac River.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 9

The steam launches Petrel and Canvasback were loaned to the State
of Virginia for use in investigating the oyster-grounds of that State.

The Standard Oil Company loaned seven tank cars for transporting
42,000 gallons of salt water for the United States Fish Commission
aquaria at the World’s Columbian Exposition, and the Chesapeake
and Ohio Railroad Company and Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago, and
St. Louis Railway Company transported the above free of charge from
Beaufort, N. C., to Chicago.

STATE FISH COMMISSIONS.

During the year the policy of aiding, so far as possible, the work of
the fish commissioners of the various States has been continued. ‘The
extent of this codperation is shown by the following table:

Statement showing the kinds and number of fish and fish eggs furnished to State and Terri-
torial fish commissions during the fiscal year 1892-93.

State or Territory. Species. Eggs. Fish.
Jee a ee Se eee eee EO aiSS He cated ces omen c hiss onicie Saeed cee aie e mind sores mea cts ols meals 722
IBidcie MaSRl ieee eee 6 see ee eee ey eee een oeeaceoke sce 133
Cra WIG cate eee a ae enter aeeeen me aleiaris leaHsescnson: 249
ici MOU DANSE om clad) eee hepa astern eee ciittare posers of 628
Mnlitonniat.. 2 2i2ee) 2... on Qaimnatisalmonl. setae ens oe ee ee jeanne <oe less S SOR OUDN mere. meine
ManNechicut.. = 26 ss-b Isl foe AiplanruleraalmoOis ac 2 <teta das. Sees ee ee cpio se seesee TOS. GOOHES eee.
Vion Bebr trois: 22 sa ects seo Sem eeyeeanee wialerere PAD ENOTATA | RE Nee
GIR ean F010 eee eee aS Ses eae a Se Re eee 105; 000 fel: 22. 5.
Hele SONY e Ue ole eee ae (Gbieay SSeS oor edcbsedein. £ Peridnes Bac enon Sep Secos ecg [oeidnoe ob peoe 1, 400
FRET G Haseena oie oa aloe oe eee rch ee oe eee ialedie as seallee emcee peterete 300
TSA OL SEE Ponte ate eee BSE Oe oe CH Cee eee pian er anon aise 1, 000
OREN TENSE i ee Ree irae (Chi ihe ae aa eos aes te Se ROE Are ae rates IE ey tt Se eh 2, 000
TRO CR DASS Sa cine ees at crete eternal ee ae (Dine eat iota olla a cab olateberaintate= 1, 000
TOU ATT) RS a Seem (CE a nist ae ae te Se ee 582 e be be Ae oe ese Minin e Soren 1475
WGI ai ete Meet cise Sen ape Sanne: RE APE COC C REC nc ate aac 4445
WiHItetIGs see ee eee ae hs ae Fhe, Wee ee oa oe cae sae seat +30
IBlgeks Basser teaes hon s)-cen See ane ee ta e eae kc acer eld seem ecen re 13, 216
One ye ME gis sndeoedoc ahertnesneeeatct ostce be emeaddes Boones eecose 1689
Warmowtbe basse seere se ee ae Seat a elec eee ae 11, 138
(SENG TIS) eae Spee sa OR ee aE ORE or OE eI Ree +30
LR Ty en eee er oc See Ssaer Dee OW by sae a ane a incline ee eae sl ome oe 10D! OOO Rs Saioe 2 =
‘OVE LE 16 be a ee ore ieee UDI) Cape rcde cei sit hose tana sores ere caeaeer|bbeeodosee == 1, 030
TBO TIN NCH Ee aaa neeeteiao See SSO NECA ASROeD CoE ce AG SOOM Sees se
WON benrGLOUt sss on se eels se cecinin sess scieies acne mine sel BOL00D) |Eeexenae
Mamnesotiae-26 22.) <6 ace ane ORNS) Area Sec cmoEmnMocoon: Herne ose mecoe re eee illaceecassacne 1, 500
OGhMIGeveNn TOW bie s os sn 5 vim ei sin Sea winisie olame'e 2OCO00U se cee
AIT DOMGILOMb ao se eee me totes cuccsae + che cus cmcjentaes D0Z000r | Seances
WMenpBehimero mbes noc) tee he nem pete cee tems nrc ails D000) eaee tees
Biack-Spouteds HVOUla esse seme ae ame elem ora ete elelatal|nscie (ee nee 1, 000
IDLOD KAU OUD scee eae Loe ak ee ee eee ec ce accceed 2050008 in se-meas
MgO GLOUb sas etc astscee sa essaeck ass esse secteeste KUO O Ta et see
IESE CUI Bap oS a ee Pen Ohi tes ae son eawacte a= asmema am anig acces ci ces seco ll msaweras oes | 5,000
RAITNIO WrthOUbi ssteca sce acielesciscs cisco emacs waceres 20, 000 18
DMS DARICRaee cctac wand ctaae Rainbow srOubecc anos -n5 oe eee Se UO eect =
Von Behr trout...--.-.-. | 20, 000
Aske tromtves = son eae coe nceeces Bs 100, 000 |...
WeweHampshire.~-.-...-.-=. Mochmueven trout... 2. ase 22h erat os om 15, 000 |
Von Behr trout............ SR od Sen Omen ec 252.000) lee 20:
TRICO AIO Wire eisai t= Site ot a Sea ee see ias AOOZOUO eee aac
aC NALMON a7 2 ncek bene moma Baek eeneee ees BU QOOMReene a...
PMRW VOU = a2 cara oa an PASH ELINULe: SEE OMe cle see ors sins ariel sain ste ee ee WOMOOON Secs =
PER LO tate a See ee oes oa ase OR iage, nib canes 3 LOOLOOO gl ee ors 2
MUIR B AS Dio cone ace cca mise cern ncn auokcbe cece aa 5 GOO O00 |e sae a= a
TOE 2S Ska cas <cisc oaccee cs BOCs Me wen trouble © ase he eae koe ce oteeeaies [eae eee 3, 350
SMUT fata is alain oem haley See = IBOOK ALOU Ue o- nee ower. ae neces ance Jesu awaeeeeee 20/0000). 3.22.
ManPON Ge: J. agcecse ashseqce8 MOMUBRHTULG Tite cee cat! nore a stot Berieian «km abe mene ae 20, 000 2,500
RAND OW PLOW aoe 2 set qe eyo ee ose alee ewians anes ciara ST O00 eee ce...
IS TOOK UEOMUE Ce ete ese toe ee en cat ane ose eoade ahaa 20: 000) | ecn se
MGA TOM ese x cits saan mai naunoeli see on aaae ace cin cemare 300, 000 }.....--.
Wiesi WAThinia5 2... Mess. .% ORT EE ae cee ee ets tieint = oR oe ese eee Seeds cae aneetleekceete acne 1, 000
SINTON eee (ORF RID EA. Senko et ge ORC E St Oe ORE BOC a ete oar Eel [one pe raee ery me UATE
IBIRGK SHO TGR ULOMGs a0 /a- (instr cinstaceias sie tsa ate mcmtnala see eas | 3, 600
IWEVOMIIMD ee 2 saiaclse cine 7c Be Black-apottods trou a0 8 -Urcce ccc minideanes coee pe PRU Ae ee
TET nec cet SESE SE A ce i ne ee 10, 133,000 | 42, 458

*By request of the California Fish Commission, 91,000 muskellunge fry were received from the
New York Fish Commission and transferred and deposited in California waters.
t Deposited by the United States Fish Commission in waters designated by the State commissioners.

>

10 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

RELATIONS WITH FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

Canada.—Carp were furnished the Game and Fish Commission. of
Ontario, and eggs of the Loch Leven trout and Von Behr trout were
sent to Mr. W. P. Greenough, Portneuf, Quebec.

France.—ggs of the rainbow trout were sent to C. Raveret-Wattel,
Paris.

Switzerland.—At the request of the Government of Switzerland 30,000
eggs of the rainbow trout were sent to Mr. Emil Warner for that Gov-
ernment.

Japan.—To Prof. C. Sasaki, Tokyo, were sent eggs of the Loch Leven
trout, Von Behr trout, and rainbow trout.

DIVISION OF INQUIRY RESPECTING FOOD-FISHES.

The work of this division during the year is set forth in the appended
report of Mr. Richard Rathbun, assistant in charge. In addition to the
regular inquiries of the Commission, the assistant in charge gave much
time and labor, at the request of the Department of State, in preparing,
for use before the Paris Tribunal of Arbitration, information concerning
the condition and character of the more important fisheries of foreign
countries and the legislation for their protection and improvement.

Owing to the detail of the Albatross for duty in Bering Sea, under the
direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, and the necessity of repairs
to the ship after the completion of her duties on this detail, the inves-
tigations on behalf of the Commission in the beginning of the year
could only be incidentally performed. The opportunity was embraced,
however, of making a careful study of the seal rookeries of the Pribilof
Islands by the naturalists of the ship, who were temporarily detached
from her. Upon the surrender of the Albatross to the Commission, on
August 31, 1892, it was necessary to give her extensive repairs, which
were not completed till the following April, when the President directed
that she be placed under the orders of the Secretary of the Navy for
duty in connection with the sealing patrol fleet in the North Pacifie
Ocean and Bering Sea. Owing to these details of the ship, the system-
atic prosecution of the inquiries of the Commission was not possible.
It is hoped, however, that another season matters may be so arranged
as to permit its performance.

On the Atlantic and Gulf coasts much attention was given to the
study of the oyster beds and conditions affecting them. Among the
grounds examined were those of Chesapeake Bay, embracing Tangier
Sound, Mobjack Bay, and the rivers tributary thereto, and Galveston
Bay, Gulf of Mexico. At Sea Isle City, N. J., experiments were con-
ducted by Prof. John A. Ryder, of the University of Pennsylvania,
formerly the embryologist of the Fish Commission, with the view of
determining, if possible, a practical method for the collection of oyster
spat, and the creation thereby of an industry distinct from, but as prac-
tical as, that of oyster-planting. Professor Ryder’s observations on
the subject will be found in the report of Mr. Rathbun.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. at

Reference was made in my previous report to the visit of Dr. Bash-
ford Dean to Europe for the purpose of studying the methods there
followed in oyster-culture. The results of Dr. Dean’s investigations
were issued in December, 1892, and July, 1893, being published in the
Bulletins of the Commission for the years 1890 and 1891, and will
undoubtedly prove of great aid to those oystermen of this country who
are Seeking to improve the industry.

The subject of acclimatizing the eastern oyster on the Pacific coast
has received attention, and investigations of the physical conditions of
certain areas have been made. Favorable conditions appear to exist
in Willapa Bay, Washington, and it is proposed to make plantings
there from a number of localities on the Atlantic coast as soon as a
favorable opportunity may arise.

Reference is made to the report of Mr. Rathbun for a résumé by Pro-
fessor Libbey of the physical inquiries conducted by him during several
preceding seasons off the southern New England and Middle States
coast. These inquiries were discontinued during the season of 1892,
and the schooner Grampus was used to make a search for the tilefish
in those localities where it had previously been found. A few speci-
mens only were received. The inquiry, however, establishes the fact
of the continuity of the belt of warm waters on the Gulf Stream slope,
so as to permit the northward summer migration of the species. We
have therefore reason to expect that the tilefish will reoceupy its old
grounds in undiminished numbers and that a valuable market fishery
will be established should the fish be found acceptable to consumers.

At the laboratory of the Commission at Woods Hole studies of
marine life were prosecuted as in previous years. The spawning and
early habits of the common scallop or pecten were investigated by Dr.

James L. Kellogg; Prof. Francis H. Herrick continued his observations

on the development and life-history of the lobster; Prof. H. V. Wilson
on the development of certain sponges; Dr. William Patten on the
sense-organs in the horseshoe crab. The other inquiries conducted
will be found noted in Mr. Rathbun’s report.

Extensive investigations were made of the shores and inlets of Buz-
zards Bay and Vineyard Sound for the purpose of studying the habits
and life-history, in the younger stages, of the common food-fishes of
the locality, and much important information concerning the breeding
and other habits of the menhaden was secured.

The interior waters examined during the year embraced the Columbia
River and some of its tributaries, in Washington, Idaho, and Montana;
the rivers and lakes of Minnesota, North and South Dakota, Iowa,
Nebraska, Wyoming, Wisconsin, Arkansas, and California. These
investigations were for the purpose of studying the physical character-
istics of these waters and also to ascertain the various forms of animal
and plant life inhabiting the same. Such inquiries are especially val-
uable as a guide in the work of the Commission of stocking our waters
with suitable food-fishes.

ge REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

The destructive methods followed in the capture of fish and shellfish
in the territorial and contiguous waters of the United States and the
British Possessions in North America, as also in the open seas outside
of the territorial limits of either country, but which are resorted to for
the purpose of fishing by their respective inhabitants, as well as the
polluting and obstructing of such contiguous waters, to the detriment of
their fisheries, have long been matters which have invited the attention
of the respective Governments; and the necessity of uniform mutual
laws regulating the prosecution of the fisheries, as also the adoption of
methods for the replenishing of depleted waters, have equally been felt
to be necessary if the fisheries were to be maintained. An agreement
was reached by the two Governments on December 6, 1892, which pro-
vided for the appointment of a joint commission of two experts, one
on behalf of each government, to consider and report upon the whoie
question. As representative on the part of Great Britain, Dr. Wil-
liam Wakeham, of the department of marine and fisheries of Canada,
was appointed, and on the part of the United States Mr. Richard
Rathbun, of the United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries. The
two commissioners had their first meeting at Washington, on March 2,
1893. For the general scope of the inquiry to be prosecuted, reference
is made to Mr. Rathbun’s report.

During the spring and summer of 1893 investigations were conducted
to learn what, if any, benefits had resulted from the series of close sea-
sons in the spring mackerel fishery, provided by the act of Congress
passed in 1886, the information also being needed by the Joint Fishery
Commission. The schooner Grampus attended the fishing fleet on the
southern fishing-grounds and thence to those off Nova Scotia. Many
valuable observations were made, and much important information
secured bearing upon the fishery. As the data of several seasons are
necessary before any reasonable conclusions on the subject can be
reached the consideration thereof is deferred. Other incidental inves-
tigations conducted by the division are shown in the report of Mr.

tathbun.

DIVISION OF STATISTICS AND METHODS OF THE FISHERIES.

During the year the administration of the affairs of this division
devolved upon Dr. Hugh M. Smith, and reference is made to his ap-
pended report for a résumé of the work accomplished. Capt. J. W.
Collins, the assistant in charge, retained the general direction of the
work of the division up to September 26, 1892, and on December 27 of
the same year he resigned from the Commission.

The work of the Division of Statistics and Methods of the Fisheries
has continued of the same general character referred to in my previ-
ous reports. The scope of the operations is, however, becoming more
extended and valuable year by year, and the practical usefulness of
the division is annually becoming more evident.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 13

The work of the division has consisted chiefly of field investigations
of the commercial fisheries, and the preparation of general and special
reports based on the data collected by the division. A large amount
of correspondence embodying technical information has been sent out
by the division; a number of special discussions on fishery topics have
been prepared for the use of the Commissioner and others; and consid-
erable statistical and other data have been supplied to State officials.

The field investigations carried on by this division were addressed to
regions having very important fisheries. The previous practice of
taking up for investigation each year definite sections or fisheries,
depending largely on work already done covering the same subject,
has been continued. In this way it is possible, with the present force,
to canvass the fisheries of the coast and Great Lakes States about once
in three or four years. The inquiries of the division in 1893 were
mainly directed to the methods and statistics of the fisheries of the
Middle Atlantic States, the New England States, the Pacifie States,
and of the mackerel fishery. Several minor subjects were also consid-
ered, and the regular agencies at Gloucester and Boston, Mass., were
continued.

The inquiries in the Middle Atlantic States were in continuation of
those of the previous year, referred to in the last report; the Chesa-
peake basin and the adjoining ocean shores of Maryland and Virginia
were then canvassed, leaving for consideration during the fiscal year
1893 the fisheries of New York and New Jersey and those parts of
Pennsylvania and Delaware not tributary to the Chesapeake. The
field investigations in this region covered the calendar years 1889, 1890,
1891, and 1892, except in New York, in which the time of the inquiries
prevented the agents from obtaining complete statistics for the last-
named year. In the appended report of the assistant full references to
the scope and results of the canvass of the Middle States are given,
including statistics and comparative data.

The recent serious decline in the mackerel fishery, and the great
attention which the scarcity of mackerel had received, made it desirable
to have full statistical and other information upon these subjects.
Accordingly, in connection with the other field inquiries, elsewhere
alluded to, a canvass of the mackerel fishery was undertaken in the
spring of 1893, and arrangements were made for securing more detailed
data than had previously been obtained. This work was in progress at
the close of the fiscal year. Reference to the accompanying report
of the assistant in charge will show the scope and character of the
investigation.

A study of the important fisheries of the New England States was
made in conjunction with the investigation of the mackerel fishery of
that region. No general fieldwork had been carried on in this section
Since 1889, and in the meantime some noticeable changes had occurred
in the condition of the industry which made another canvass in 1893

14 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

timely. Special attention was directed to the lobster fishery, whose
successful continuance has been seriously imperiled by overfishing.
At the close of the year this investigation was well under way.

Early in the fiscal year an investigation of the fishing industry of
the Pacific States was begun by Mr. W. A. Wilcox, who had made a
similar canvass in 1889. Personal visits were made to all fishing cen-
ters on the coast and the coast streams, and very valuable data were
secured for each of the years intervening since the last canvass. Espe-
cially useful statistics regarding the salmon industry were obtained.
Although Alaska was not visited, complete statistical information
covering the fisheries of that territory were obtained from the firms
engaged, all of whom have headquarters in San Francisco or other
cities of that coast. In San Francisco and vicinity Mr. Wilcox was
assisted by Mr. A. B. Alexander, fishery expert on the Albatross, who
was temporarily detached from the vessel for that purpose. The inquiry
closed in May, 1893. An account of this work and its results is given
in the report of the assistant, and Mr. Wilcox’s full report will be found
among the appendices to this report.

In connection with the work of the International Fisheries Commis-
sion, Dr. Smith, at the request of the United States commissioner,
Mr. Rathbun, during June, 1893, accompanied the commission to
Boston, Woods Hole, Provincetown, and other New England fishing —
centers.

The report for this division contains a brief synopsis of the papers,
based on the division’s field inquiries, issued during the year. These
included statistical and descriptive articles on the fisheries of the
New England States, the South Atlantic States, the Gulf States, and
of Lake Ontario. The report concludes with notes on some of the
more important fisheries, and on certain branches possessing special
interest.

DIVISION OF FISH-CULTURE.

The continued growth of the Commission rendered it necessary that
the Commissioner should relieve himself of the direct supervision of the
details of this division, the charge of which he had assumed upon his
appointment as Commissioner. On July 6, 1892, he therefore appointed
as the assistant in charge Dr. Tarleton H. Bean, the ichthyologist of
the Commission. Dr. Bean assumed charge of the division and retained
its immediate direction till the beginning of the following January,
when his appointment as representative of the Commission on the Goy-
ernment Board of Management and Control of the World’s Columbian
Exposition, Chicago, necessitated his being relieved of other duty. Mr.
S. G. Worth, the superintendent of Central Station, was then detailed
as acting assistant in charge of the division, the duties of which posi-
tion he performed with fidelity and ik for the remainder of the year
covered by this report.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

15

The following tables exhibit the results of work at the different sta-
tions, and the summary, by species, of the fish distributed:

Summary of eggs and fish furnished for distribution by stations in the fiscal year 1892-98.

Source of supply.

Schoodiec, Me
Craig Brook, Me

Green Lake, Me
Gloucester, Mass
Woods Hole, Mass

Battery Island, Md

Bryan Point, Md

Sa Station, Washington,
D

Fish Ponds, Washington,
DNC:

MENS VILO Vidivwsccscce-ocen
Bian by, Ohio..-<.-..2..-

Northville, Mich............

PeIMONe IMECHE oi. oan en eciccces
POG. MINN. cae cesesssce oe

Quincey, Tll...:.... -

Neosho, Mo

eatville, Colo.............-.

AOA cee 2a cian ata a ce icie inant
Fort Gaston, Cal

Clackamas, Oregon.....-.....
Steamer Fish Hawk

Species. Eggs.

Adults
and
yearlings.

Landlocked salmon
Atlantic salmon
Landlocked salmon
IBvOOK PROWL: weprintccceolxicce sc mas.

Lobster

“3, 248, 000
7, 874, 000

OTT OM Gots wntuonen aren eee aie a wictape een ee ote b
IWARSCGHSTIN Sects cid tenocicts ceeoesc |
Lake herring
Pike perch
Loch Leven trout
Mone Behe trouts sae enoosee estes.

100, 000
175, 000
90, 000
905, 000

Whitefish
Pike perch
Yellow (or ring) perch
Cathishtsen soansatie ce nicteodee
Pike perch
White bass
Black bass
Crappiescs cs sein eccsacees seus

Black bass
Rock bass
Golden ide

RaiMPOWAtvOUtee sate ceas es sce aoe
WontBehnitroute.sccsccs seccanee
BLOOD KaUNOWMU eee naan ose eerie
Black-spotted trout..............
Quiunat salmon...............-..
IRginbow trouteeceseeeers ae eee
Rainbow trout.22ss.sscsce.s--520
MonsBebritroutues secs sce lence le.
STOO RTOWbeee cons een te the seen
Quinnat salmon
Quinnat salmon
Shad

20, 142, 000
1, 189, 000
850, 500

288, 000

434, 500

8, 818, 000

31, 145, 000

5, 614, 000

39, 000

6, 505, 000 |
20, 200, 000 |

250, 000
16, 640, 000
83, 000
2, 355, 000
10, 482, 000
5, 500, 000

657, 000
4, 100, 000
6, 922, 000

19, 900

SS aa ees tems tee a ee eee

16

Summary of distribution, 1892-93.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Species.

Golden ide
Goldfish
Shad
Quinnat salmon
Atlantic salmon
Landlocked salmon
Loch Leven trout
Rainbow trout
Von Behr trout
Black-spotted trout
Brook trout
Lake trout
Whitefish
Lake herring
Yellow perch
Pike perch
Sea bass
White bass
Black bass
Chhoti ao See oe doses beqesseonooRecosnrse BPhsiei
{Vm RSMo ee SonsopbaasboodoccieacoScuuEOT
RGA CICS Blac sateinacdcodenatoaoaocsucreoad
Sunfish

Meck aal (ie okt ae are ee OR aR ee Reine cit
Flatfish
Lobster

Eggs.

233, 000
~~" 100, 000.
275, 000

175, 000
60, 000
90, 000

905, 000

5, 000, 000

12, 063, 000

Fry.

Adults and
yearlings.

44, 530, 000
5, 290, 300

2, 674, 500
49, 692, 000
6, 505, 000
“94, 600, 000.
1, 189, 000

20, 992, 500
434, 500
288, 000

8, 818, 000

165, 235, 800

8, 486
72, 481
15, 155

120
12, 588
800, G00

1, 486, 117

Total.

8, 486

72, 481

15, 155

120

12, 588

45, 330, 000
8, 820, 300
234, 448
65, 531
107, 500
608, 357
225, 821
106, 025
248, 290

3, 602, 501
54, 692, 000
6, 505, 000
4, 328

25, 100, 845
1, 189, 000

22, 187, 500
434, 500
288, 000

8, 818, 000

178, 784, 917

Tn addition to the foregoing there were furnished for distribution, but lost in transit, during the year,
3,857,000 shad fry, 12, 000 lake-trout fr y, 1,100,000 pike-perch fry, and the following adults and yearling

fish:

280 catfish, 5, 662 ¢ arp, 1,915 goldfish, 50 Loch Leven trout, 8,390 rainbow “trout, 329 Von Behr

trout, 475 black- spotted trout, ne 237 brook’ trout, 599 lake trout, 126 yellow perch, 167 white bass, 4,447
black bass, 814 crappie, 671 warmouth bass, 1, 090 rock bass, 194 sunfish, 32 pickerel.

For information as to

the details of work at the stations, and of the

distribution of their product, reference is made to the appended report

of Mr. Worth.

MARSHALL McDONALD,
Commissioner.

REPORT UPON THE INQUIRY RESPECTING FOOD-FISHES AND
THE FISHING-GROUNDS.

By RICHARD RATHBUN, Assistant in charge.

FUR-SEAL INVESTIGATIONS.

In the last annual report a brief account was given of the services
rendered to the State Department by the Fish Commission in connec-
tion with the controversy respecting the sealing question in the North
Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea. During the summer of 1891, the
steamer Albatross was used to convey the Bering Sea commissioners
on the part of the United States to and from the Pribilof Islands. On
March 15, 1892, she was detailed to take an active part in the sealing
investigations, under the orders of the Secretary of the Treasury, in
conjunction with the revenue steamers Corwin and Bear, which service
had not been completed at the close of that fiscal year.

During the summer of 1892, and again the following year, a very
careful examination was made of the seal rookeries on St. Paul and St.
George islands, by Mr. J. Stanley-Brown, then acting as a special Treas-
ury agent. His work included the preparation of a setof base maps of
both islands, on which the outlines of the rookeries were delineated,
and also the taking of a series of photographs illustrating the dis-
tribution and abundance of seals on prominent parts of each of the
rookeries. It was considered that the duplication of these graphic
records during a term of years would serve to demonstrate any changes
that might take place in the conditions and dimensions of the rookeries
and, consequently, in the sizeof the sealherd. The summer of 1893 was
the last preceding the meeting of the Paris Tribunal of Arbitration,
for whose consideration Mr. Stanley-Brown’s results were especially
intended; but, appreciating the importance of further observations
in the same line, the Secretary of the Treasury recommended to Con-
gress that the work be continued under the direction of the Commis-
sioner of Fisheries. Favorable action on this subject was taken in
connection with the sundry civil appropriation bill, approved March 3,
1893, which also provided for investigations by the Fish Commission
relative to the pelagic habits and distribution of the fur seal.

The assistant in charge of this division continued to be occupied
during the first two or three months of the cwrrent year in preparing
material for the Bering Sea case, respecting the character and condition
of the more important fisheries in fureign countries and the methods
there pursued for their protection and improvement,

F. R, 93-——2 17

18 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

OPERATIONS OF THE STEAMER ALBATROSS IN THE NORTH
PACIFIC OCEAN AND BERING SEA.

Atthe beginning of the year the steamer A ibatross, Commander Z. L.
Tanner, U.S. N., commanding, was still on duty under direction of the
Secretary of the Treasury, being at Port Townsend, Wash., where she
ha 1 recently arrived after coaling at Departure Bay, British Columbia.
She left the former place on July 1 for Unalaska, but unfortunately
(owing to continuous sea service for a long period, much of the time
under trying circumstances as regards sea and weather) her boilers
were in bad condition, and in several other respects the ship needed
a thorough overhauling. Ten days were consumed in making the
passage to Unalaska, where it was found imperative to order a board
of survey, which found the boilers unsafe for further use. Temporary
repairs were begun at once, to permit of the ship’s returning to San
Francisco, but several weeks were required for their completion.

The unfinished work which the Albatross had been expected to carry
on was assigned to the revenue steamers Corwin and Rush, to which
Mr. C. H. Townsend and Mr. A. B. Alexander were transferred to serve
as naturalists, and also two seal-hunters and the necessary appliances
for conducting the investigations. Taking advantage of the delay, Prof.
B. W. Evermann, then acting as chief navuralist of the Albatross, and
Mr. N. B. Miller, laboratory assistant, were dispatched to the Pribilof
Islands, where they made a careful inspection of the seal rookeries and
obtained an interesting series of photographs bearing upon the same.

On August 3 the Albatross left Unalaska, having in tow a British
schooner which had been captured while engaged in pelagic sealing in
Bering Sea, in contravention of the provisions of the modus vivendi
then in operation. After delivering this prize at Sitka, she proceeded
to Port Townsend and thence to San Francisco, which was reached on
September 3. By direction of the Secretary of the Treasury the con-
trol of the ship reverted to the Fish Commissioner at the close of August
31, while still upon her passage, having up to that date been in the
service of the Treasury Department for a period of 54 months, during
which she visited 26 ports and steamed a distance of 14,848 miles,
mostly in northern waters. In order to put the ship in suitable condi-
tion for further service it became necessary to provide new boilers and
to make many alterations and repairs, which were not fully completed
until the following April. Beginning on the 25th of that month, a
successful trial trip was made, lasting three days, in the course of which
investigations of the sea bottom were carried on off Monterey Bay.

On May 13 the President directed that the Albatross be placed under
the orders of the Secretary of the Navy, for assignment to duty in
connection with the sealing patrol fleet in the North Pacific Ocean and
Bering Sea, composed otherwise of certain naval and revenue-marine
vessels. It was arranged, however, that her commanding officer should
receive his customary instructions relative to fishery and fur-seal inves-
tigations, which were to be carried out so far as the special duties

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 19

devolving upon the ship would permit. The patrol fleet rendezvoused
at Port Townsend, Wash., where the Albatross arrived May 24. She
finished coaling at Comox, British Columbia, May 31, and proceeded
northward by the passage inside of Vancouver Island to the open waters
of the Pacific Ocean, where her patrol work began. The vessels of the
fleet were so disposed as to cover the track of the seal herd and sealing
vessels bound north, but the Albatross was given the western or off-shore
route, which placed her outside of the usual course taken by the seals,
and none were observed between Vancouver Island and Kadiak.

The first sealing vessel was encountered off the southern edge of
Portlock Bank, and St. Paul, on Kadiak Island, was reached June 7.
From this point, on the following day, the Albatross began working to
the westward, boarding such pelagic sealers as were met with and warn-
ing them, in accordance with the temporary agreement between Great
Britain and the United States, to refrain from carrying on their opera-
tions in Bering Sea. On arriving at Sand Point, Shumagin Islands,
' where the sealing vessels often congregate, it was found that none had
yet reached that place. Continuing to the westward as far as Amukta
Pass, and there entering Bering Sea, the ship proceeded to Unalaska
for coal and thence returned to Sand Point, boarding several vessels on
the way, one of which proved to be a cod-fishing schooner bound for
Slime Bank, off the north side of Unimak Island.

Some time was spent among the Shumagin Islands, and the principal
harbors were visited. Mist Harbor, on the east side of Nagai Island, a
secure and convenient anchorage, was surveyed for the first time, and
advantage was taken by the naturalists at each stop to obtain as inuch
information as possible respecting the fishes and other marine animals
of the region. Leaving Sand Point on June 26, the ship proceeded to
Unalaska, and thence along the Bering Sea side of the Aleutian Islands,
entering the Pacific Ocean through Amukta Pass, near which she was
at midnight of June 30, the close of the fiscal year.

Owing to the long delay in port, in consequence of the extensive
repairs made necessary by previous service, the Albatross was only 75
days at sea during the year, but the distance steamed amounted to
9,610 miles. Prof. B. W. Evermann, who acted as chief naturalist
during the first cruise made on behalf of the Treasury Department,
left the ship after his return from Alaska in August, 1892. The per-
manent civilian staff consisted of Charles H. Townsend, naturalist;
A. B. Alexander, fishery expert; and N. B. Miller, laboratory assistant.
The two former were attached to revenue vessels during the summer
of 1892, but were with the Albatross during the remainder of the year.

No trawling or hydrographic work was carried on except during the
short trial trip off Monterey,in April, 1893. Meteorological and density
observations were continued, however, during the entire year, and a
record was kept of all surface animal life and drift material observed at
sea. Full details of the operations of the ship are given in the report
of Commander Tanner, forming an appendix to this volume,

7

¢

20 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

INVESTIGATION OF FISHERIES IN WATERS CONTIGUOUS TO
CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES.

By an exchange of notes between the Government of Great Britain
and that of the United States, an agreement was reached on December
6, 1892, which provided for the appointment of a joint commission of
two experts, one on behalf of each government, to consider and report
to their respective governments, jointly or severally, concerning the
regulations, practices, and restrictions proper to be adopted in concert,
on the following subjects:

1. The limitation or prevention of exhaustive or destructive methods of taking
fish and shellfish in the territorial and contiguous waters of the United States and
Her Majesty’s possessions in North America, respectively, and also inthe waters of the
open seas outside of the territorial limits of either country to which the inhabitants
of the respective countries may habitually resort for the purpose of such fishing.

2. The prevention of the polluting or obstructing of such contiguous waters to
the detriment of the fisheries or of navigation.

3. The close seasons to be enforced and observed in such contiguous waters by the ~
inhabitants of both countries, as respects the taking of the several kinds of fish and
shellfish.

4. The adoption of practical methods of restocking and replenishing such con-
tiguous and territorial waters with fish and shellfish, and the means by which such
fish life may be therein preserved and increased.

It was furthermore provided that—

The commissioners to be so appointed shall meet at the city of Washington
within three mouths from the date of this present agreement, and shall complete
their investigation and submit their final reports thereof to the two governments,
as herein provided, within two years from the date of their first meeting.

The contracting governments agree to place at the service of the said commission-
ers all information and material pertinent to the subject of their investigation which
may be of record respectively in the offices of the United States Commission of Fish
and Fisheries and in the Department of Marine and Fisheries of the Dominion of
Canada; and, further, to place at the disposal of said commissioners, acting jointly,
any vessel or vessels of either of the said fish commissions of the United States and
Canada as may be convenient and proper to aid in the prosecution of their investi-
gation in the contiguous and adjacent waters aforesaid. * * *

The two governments agree that so soon as the reports of the commissioners shall
be laid before them as aforesaid, they shall consider the same and exchange views
thereon, to the end of reaching, if expedient and practicable, such conventional or
other understanding as may suffice to carry out the recommendations of the commis-
sioners, by treaty, or concurrent legislation on the part of the respective govern-
ments, or the legislation of the several States and Provinces, or both, as may be found
most advisable; but nothing herein contained shall be deemed to commit either
government to the results of the investigation hereby instituted.

The two representatives appointed in accordance with the foregoing
agreement were, on the part of Great Britain, Dr. William Wakeham,
of the Department of Marine and Fisheries of Canada, and, on the part
of the United States, Mr. Richard Rathbun, of the United States Fish
Commission. Their first meeting was held at Washington, on March
2, 1893, at which Dr. Wakeham was accompanied by Mr. R. Venning,
of the same department as himself, Dr. Hugh M. Smith, of the United
States Fish Commission, acting with Mr, Rathbun. At this conference,

\

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 21

which continued several days, the scope of the inquiry contemplated by
the agreement and the plans for carrying on the necessary investigations
were discussed in full, and arrangements were also made for beginning
upon the field work as soon as the season was sufficiently advanced.

The waters covered by this agreement are not only very extensive
and diversified, but they afford some of the most important fisheries of
the world, in the preservation of which both Canada and the United
States have a mutual interest. With respect to the open waters of the
Atlantic coast it was decided that the mackerel fishery, which is carried
on continuously from off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to the mouth
of the River St. Lawrence, was the only one demanding immediate
attention in this connection. At the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, about
Eastport, Me., and the neighboring islands, are several marine fisheries
which overlap the boundary line. Next come the rivers St. John and
St. Croix, flowing in part between the Province of New Brunswick and
the State of Maine. Following in succession are Lake Mempbremagog,
Lake Champlain, the upper part of the St. Lawrence River, and the
entire chain of the Great Lakes, except Lake Michigan, which is entirely
included within the territory of the United States. A short distance
to the westward of Lake Superior are Rainy Lake and the Lake of the
Woods, both situated on the northern border of Minnesota and finding
an outlet northward into Lake Winnipeg and thence into Hudson Bay.
Farther to the west there are no important waters until we reach
the Columbia River, where it crosses the boundary into Washington.
Finally, on the Pacific side, are the extensive sounds and straits
between British Columbia and the State of Washington, still only
slightly developed except as regards the catch of salmon.

As it was evident that the members of the joint commission would not
have the opportunity of inspecting personally in detail all the fisheries
on which they were expected to report, it was arranged on the part of
the United States Fish Commission to send out several field parties to
make special studies respecting some of the more difficult problems
presented. The schooner Grampus was detailed to investigate the
offshore or purse-seine mackerel fishery from the time of its commence-
ment at the extreme south, as had been done in former years, but in
accordance with a more comprehensive plan of operations; an assis-
tant was stationed at Fulton Market, New York, to inspect all mackerel
brought there both by the purse-seiners and from the nets along the
coast, the owners of many of the latter being also supplied with blanks
on which to record their catch of this species; and the assistants
at the Woods Hole station of the Commission were charged with the
study of the breeding and other habits of the mackerel in the neigh-
boring region, which is especially well adapted for observations of that
kind. A party was also established at Eastport, Me., and another on
Lake Erie, while the steamer Albatross was directed to investigate the
boundary waters on the western coast at such times as her regular
duties would permit.

22 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

The members of the Commission, together with Mr. Venning and Dr.
Smith, met at New York on June 2, where they began their inquiries
respecting the mackerel fishery. From there they proceeded to Woods
Hole, Mass., and thence visited all the more important fishing ports on
Cape Cod. Subsequently a few days were spent in Boston and Glou-
cester, Mass.,and Portland, Me. At all of these places interviews were
held with the fishermen, the shore apparatus of capture was visited and
many mackerel were examined. At the close of the fiscal year the
party was at Eastport, Me., from which place it was planned to go to
the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

OYSTER INVESTIGATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS.
CHESAPEAKE BAY.

The oyster survey of Mobjack Bay, begun in May, 1892, was continued
during most of the following summer, being completed about August
20. The delineation of the oyster beds and of the areas of scattered
oysters in the open waters of the bay, by means of the launch Petrel,
was finished early in July. The dredging work was then immediately
taken up by the steamer Fish Hawk, Lieut. Robert Platt, U.S.N.,
commanding, having for its object to determine the actual condition of
the oyster beds, including the number of oysters of different sizes to
each square yard of bottom. Subsequently the steamer Fish Hawk
proceeded to Tangier Sound, on the east side of Chesapeake Bay,
where extensive investigations had been carried on the previous year,
and repeated its lines of dredgings over the principal beds, in order to
ascertain what, if any, changes had taken place in their condition
during the intervening twelve months. While the dredging work was
in progress the launch Petrel continued the oyster survey up the four
rivers tributary to Mobjack Bay, the East, North, Ware, and Severn.
Signal stations had first to be established, followed by a triangulation
of the streams as far as was considered necessary, after which the
location and extent of the natural oyster beds were determined.

The assistants of the Fish Commission who were engaged upon this
inquiry were Mr. John D. Battle, in charge, Mr. W. F. Hill, and Mr.
B. L. Hardin. As soon as this party returned to Washington the
construction of the charts to illustrate the results of the investigation,
as well as the compilation of the data relating thereto, were pushed
rapidly to completion, and copies of the same, together with the cor-
responding charts of Tangier and Pocomoke sounds, based upon the
surveys of 1891, were supplied, at an early date, to the government
of Virginia, to serve as a basis for establishing the outlines of the
public oyster-grounds in those parts of the State waters to which they
related, after the manner described in the last annual report. A steam
launch was also provided for the use of the State party engaged upon
this work. That the assistance rendered by the United States Fish
Commission in this connection was of great value to the State author-
ities of Virginia and was duly appreciated by them may be judged from

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 23

the following extracts from two letters received during the year from
the engineer in charge:

The steam launch furnished by the United States Fish Commission and the copies
of the records of that Commission have alone enabled me to finish the work in
Tangier and Pocomoke sounds in a short time.

* x x x # * x

The charts showing the legal boundaries of the natural oyster beds of about half
of the Virginia waters have been published. I should never have been able to
accomplish this without the assistance rendered by you.

The inquiries respecting the food of oysters and the relations of
oysters to their environment, by Dr. John P. Lotsy, of Johns Hopkins
University, the plans for which were referred to in the last report,
were commenced early in July, 1892, and completed the latter part of
September. These researches were carried on in the vicinity of
Hampton, Va.

GALVESTON BAY, TEXAS.

In the early part of the summer of 1892 word was received of a sud-
den and extensive mortality among planted oysters in Galveston Bay,
Texas, and an inquiry into the causes thereof was requested. One
company alone had made plantings on 480 acres of bottom of empty
oyster shells and seed oysters a year or so old, the latter growing
rapidly and the beds being in a prosperous condition as late as the
close of April, 1892. During May, however, the oysters began to die
without apparent cause, and a month later scarcely anything but
empty shells were left upon the ground where a yield of over 300,000
bushels had been expected the following winter. The mortality was
not confined to this particular planting, but was said to have extended
also to the wild oysters in other parts of the bay. In August Mr.
John D. Battle was detailed to investigate this matter, and at the
same time to make a general examination with respect to the oyster
resources of the region, to serve as a basis for possible future inquiries
on a more extensive scale. Only a short time was spent upon this work,
but considerable information was obtained.

With regard to the question of mortality, the subject was studied
from several standpoints. Too great an influx of fresh water has been
considered a frequent cause of such destruction. However, the only
sources, except seepage and local rainfall, from which a supply of fresh
water can reach Galveston Bay are the San Jacinto and Trinity rivers,

‘both of which are relatively small as compared with the main body of
the bay. The Trinity drains quite an extensive territory, while the San
Jacinto does not, but the fresh waters coming from both of these rivers
meet and merge into each other and flow over Redfish Bar into the
lower part of Galveston Bay. General inquiries made to ascertain if
there had been an tinusual rainfall and freshet in these rivers at or just
before the period when the mortality on the planted grounds was first
noticed afforded negative results. According to the records in the
office of the Weather Bureau in Galveston, however, there had been

24 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES

an average rainfall during April and May, and in March only an inch
more than the average. During the same period there had also been
some strong northwest and southwest winds.

Although Mr. Battle’s visit was made during the dry period of the
year, he undertook to ascertain by density observations the point
nearest to the planted grounds where fresh water could then be found,
both at the surface and. the bottom. A line of such observations was,
therefore, run up the bay in a general northwesterly direction, from off
the foot of Tremont street, Galveston, and over the planted grounds to
the mouth of the San Jacinto River, a distance of 25 miles. At the
foot of Tremont street the specific gravity was 1.017 at high water, and
1 mile farther, 1.0166. On section 1 of the planted beds it was the same
as the last, and on section 8, three-fourths of a mile away, it amounted
to 1.0164. Beyond the area of the planted grounds the observations
succeeded one another as follows: About 1 mile WNW. of the west end
of Pelican Island, 1.0147; about 1 mile SE. of Half-Moon lighthouse, high
tide 1.015, ebb tide 1.0142; about 200 yards from Half-Moon light-ship,
1.0144; about 1 mile NNE. of Dollar Point, ebb tide 1.0132; about 2
miles south of Redfish light-house, ebb tide 1.007; Redfish Beacon, 1.0036;
about 400 yards SE. of Northwest Beacon, 1.002. Five subsequent sta-
tions were made, the last about 1 mile NW. of Red Bluff Buoy, where the
water was practically fresh both at the surface and bottom.

Information was furnished to the effect that the water in the bay is
never fresher than at the time of year when this examination was con-
ducted, but Mr. Battle is inclined to doubt the correctness of this view
as not being based upon scientific observations, and, moreover, the
occurrence of any particular freshet having its origin from 25 to 30
miles away might easily escape detection by those living along the sea.
Such a freshet would undoubtedly bring the fresh-water point much
nearer to the Gulf and might radically affect both planted and natural
oyster beds. Even if the salinity of the water is as great at all sea-
sons as it was in August, Mr. Battle thinks his observations clearly
demonstrate that it would be the height of folly to plant oysters north
of Redfish Bar. Empty shells are much more numerous than living
oysters on this bar, and he has no doubt that fresh water was the main
factor in their destruction. An oysterman of long experience in this
region recalls that oysters have twice been destroyed in Galveston Bay
within the past twenty-five years, ouce by fresh water and again during
the great southeast storm of 1875, which lasted several days and swept
everything before it.

Mr. Battle next made a critical investigation of the planted beds and
of the natural beds nearest to them, with the object of determining
their relative condition as to mertality and the character of the bottom.
Samples were obtained by tonging from all of the eight sections of the
planted ground. The total amount of material brought up was 14
bushels, which contained 46 adult oysters and 992 spat. The oysters
were generally in groups or clusters, seldom single. The living adults

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 25

seemed to be in as good condition as those examined on the natural
beds, and the spat was still attaching and thrifty. Drawbridge Reef,
about 24 miles southwest of the planted beds, which was next examined,
is one of the best grounds as regards quality of oysters, but it has been
overfished. It showed no signs of any special destruction which could
be attributed to a late cause. It occupies a stable shelly bottom where
the observations were made. On Blind Shoal Reef, another shelly
bottom, about a mile northwest of the planted grounds, dead shells were
more numerous, which may indicate a greater mortality, and the oysters
were not so finely shaped as those on Drawbridge Reef. This bed is
nearer the fresh-water point, but the density determinations were as
high as 1.0126 and 1.013. The oysters on Half-Moon Reef, judging from
the shells, show some deaths which may have been of late date, but not
enough to assign any other cause for mortality than that of old age and
the usual casualties. °

Finally, the character of the bottom on the planted beds was tested
by means of a sounding pole, which showed it to be generally soft, and
jn some places very soft. The pole would usually go down very easily
a distance of 10 to 12 inches through the mud before it reached a
harder substratum. Several times shells were felt at a depth of 10 or
12 inches, apparently resting on this substratum. Judging from the
softness of the bottom and the mud-stained condition of the shells, Mr.
Battle is led to believe that mud has been a factor which will account
in part for the destruction of the planted oysters. The general trend
of the currents over these beds is southeast and northwest. One may
readily conceive that strong northwest winds, which have a sweep
down the bay from the mouth of San Jacinto River, would affect objects
lying on the bottom in shallow water. It would naturally impart a
motion to them and cause them gradually to sink. It is reasonable to
suppose also that this disturbance would make the water very thick
with suspended mud, especially that part of it near the bottom and
immediately surrounding the oysters, and if continued for any length
of time would resalt in great injury to the beds. Southwest winds
would have a similar but less effect, for the reason that they do not
have the same sweep.

Comparing the general character of the bottom of the natural beds
with that of the planted grounds, it will be found that the former are
much more stable, owing to the yearly accretion of shells on which the
living oysters grow. The plantings already made on the artificial beds,
amounting to 400 bushels to the acre, may possibly furnish a foundation
which will render the bottom more stable and result in the formation
of a continuous oyster bed in the course of time, and the chances of
success in that direction would be greatly heightened by the addition
of more shells.

Within 14 miles of the planted area are located mills for the manu-
facture of creosote. It had been conjectured that the refuse from these
mills might have been responsible for at least a part of the mortality

>

26 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

above referred to. An examination of the piles of neighboring wharves,
however, showed the presence of adult oysters and spat ina flourishing
condition, as well as an abundance of other forms of life which are
generally found in such situations. The pungent odor of creosote was
very strong under the nearest wharf, but it did not seem to affect the
welfare of the oysters there, although they appeared to Mr. Battle to
leave an astringent taste in the mouth. A sample of the water and
specimens of oysters from the wharves were afterwards subjected to
chemical examination in Washington, without discovering the presence
of creosote or of any other poisonous matter.

Besides the inquiries above referred to, Mr. Battle also located
approximately all of the natural oyster beds in Galveston Bay. There
are none in the deeper parts of the bay, probably owing to the soft
character of the bottom, but they are situated on shoals, from which, in
some instances, they have encroached on the adjacent soft bottom by
yearly accretion. Except for the preponderance of this soft bottom
the conditions seem favorable for oyster-culture south of Redfish Bar,
in case the water is never fresher than in August for any length of
time. The only enemies known are the drill, conch, and drumfish, no
harmful starfishes, it is asserted, finding their way to the oyster beds.

SHATISEE GEPY, N. di

In the last annual report reference was made to experiments by Prof:
John A. Ryder, of the University of Pennsylvania, respecting the col-
lecting of oyster spat in accordance with an entirely new method, which
promised excellent practical results. Formerly, while a member of the
scientific staff of the Fish Commission, Professor Ryder’s energies were
directed chiefly toward the solution of this important and perplexing
problem, which involves the prosperity of a large proportion of our
coastwise population. His work was then carried on mainly at St.
Jerome Creek, Maryland, and at the Woods Hole station of the Fish
Commission, and, although fair success was met with, it fell short, for
some reason, of the practical benefits which had been anticipated.

During the season of 1891, taking advantage of the facilities afforded
by the marine station of the University of Pennsylvania at Sea Isle
City, N. J., Professor Ryder started upon a new series of experiments
differing radically from any he had tried before. The incidental
expenses of the work that year were met by the university. During the
next summer, 1892, codperation with the Fish Commission was accepted
to the extent of paying for the appliances and supplies necessary to
conduct the work upon a larger scale.

The following extracts from letters written by Professor Ryder in May
and June, 1892, will serve to explain his plans:

I propose this summer to conduct a series of experiments on a wholly new line. I
think most of us have been mistaken in our way of looking at the question. I want,
this year, to produce from 30 to 60 bushels of seed oysters to the square rod. Ihave
already experimented far enough at Sea Isle to show that such an estimate is not

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 27

extravagant. * * * I firmly believe that the culture of oyster spat or seed is as
practicable as bee-culture, and that it may be profitable also. I believe that the
production of spat or seed oysters can be carried on in concentrated or condensed
form, and that it may and will become a distinct industry from that of oyster
planting. It will inevitably come to this, and will be as scientific and precise in its
knowledge of conditions as bee-culture.

Ihave just returned from a visit to Sea Isle City to inspect my last year’s experi-
ments in oyster-culture. I find, to my surprise, that spatting is already in progress
there, and I inclose with this a young oyster which I should judge was already three
weeks old. These results, together with my Chesapeake Bay observations made in
1880, prove that the spattins period extends over four or five months. My method of
working there has resulted in the development of what I believe must eventually be
the method of rearing spat on a large scale for commercial purposes on an apparatus
that will cost 30 cents per square yard. The yield from the very small plant already
in use promises the first year from 1 to 3 bushels of seed oysters per square yard,
ranging from 2 to 24 inches in length. The method is, in fact, applicable where the
bottom consists of ooze and is unfit for planting, and will enable the oystermen of
New Jersey to reclaim thousands of unused acres of riparian territory. My plan is
essentially the creation of an artificial bottom or bed which shall be at all times acces-
sible for cleaning, sorting, spawning, and growing oysters to marketable dimensions.
It also makes it possible to use the whole spawning season, four or five months, with
clean shells for the whole time. Moreover, there is no loss of shells in the mud, so
that shells once brought to the bed can be used until they have caught spat. This
does away with the wasteful results of sowing shells on the bottom.

Since I have returned I have visited Sea Isle and met one of the oystermen there,
who is very much interested. He told me that if he could do on a more extensive
scale what I succeeded in doing there last year on a small scale, he would not here-
after need to import seed from the Chesapeake. He will supplement my work with
experiments of hisown. This, from a practical man who has been in the business
for many years, is, it seems to me, a pretty strong indorsement.

The framework for holding the cultch and breeding oysters was con-
structed in the early part of July, 1892. It consisted of six squares of
No. 16 galvanized-iron wire netting, each 1 rod square and having a
2-inch mesh. These squares or frames were supported on cedar piles
driven into the soft mud and jointed with stringers of light pine. The
entire outfit was very cheap, costing only a little over $60, inclusive of
the oyster shells planted upon it, and will last for two or three years
without repairs. This apparatus was arranged in the wide tide-water
ditches which had been cut to drain the land about the laboratory at
Sea Isle City. The wire screens were placed about 6 to 8 inches below
high-water level, so that when covered with 30 to 50 bushels of clam
and oyster shells as cultch, together with a few adult oysters to
furnish the spawn, the top of the bed was nearly uncovered at low tide.
The idea was to have the cultch as near the surface as possible, in order
that the fry might have a proper chance to set.

The experiments of the first year, 1891, afforded very encouraging
results, as at the end of eleven months some of the spat had attained
a length of 3 inches and would have made cullings or good plants.
In that year they obtained as many as 30 to 40 bushels of seed to the
square rod, including the old shells to which they were attached. At
this rate the possibility of growing seed from cultch thus treated may
be considered as having been successfully proved, and at the end of the

—

28 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

first half of 1893 the original square bed had been transformed into an
almost solid oyster bank. In 1892 the six new frames were not in place
until later in the season and the results were consequently not so good,
but the experiment attracted much attention among the oyster-growers
of the neighborhood.

The satisfactory outcome of Professor RKyder’s experiments induced
the legislature of New Jersey to appropriate $5,000 annually for three
years to supplement his work upon a practical scale. In discussing
the manner in which this sum could best be expended Professor Ryder
has expressed himself as follows respecting the method which he would
prefer to see tried:

If any action is to be taken in the matter, sites should be selected, under intelli-
gent direction, at different points in the State at once, and work begun to carry out
the experiments on a large, practical scale. If successful, this investment by the
State of $5,000 per year will be an absolutely insignificant sum in comparison with
the resulting development of an industry worth millions of dollars per annum to her
citizens.

My plan, based partly upon the experimental results of the past obtained by
myself and others, is something like the following: First of all, having obtained a
suitable place where oyster spatting is known to occur naturally and abundantly,
and where the salinity of the water is about right, or somewhere between 1.014 and
1.022, according to a standard hydrometer, a site is to be selected for the establish-
ment of the plant, which should be in complete working condition not later than
the 25th day of June next. This siteshould be of such a character as will enable the
construction of an inclosure or pond on a pretty large scale, say half an acre at
least. It might even be that a pond would have to be excavated near the shore; but
in any event the plant should be so arranged that, under the given conditions, the
most economical plans of construction could be followed. This pond should be com-
pletely shut off from all direct tidal connection with the sea while in use, and lie,
if possible, in a perfectly accessible position from all sides, somewhat higher than
sea level, though it should be possible to fill the pond from the sea if necessary.

The pond, which we will designate A, should represent an area, say, of from
one-half to 1 acre, with a platform resting upon piles, quite near the surface of the
water. This platform is formed of galvanized netting, 2-inch mesh, costing 3 cents
per square yard, and supported on piles and stringers. It will hold a layer of oyster
shells 3 or 4 inches thick, or 40 bushels to the square rod, or from 800 to 1,600
bushels of oyster shells, according as the size of such a pond and platform equals
one-half or 1 acre. This is our nursery for clean oyster shells, clam shells, pots-
herds, tiles, or anything that young swimming oyster ‘‘fry” will cling to in order to
grow into the condition of the young oyster, or ‘‘spat,” as it is called.

There should be another platform, B, of an area of one-fourth acre, covered thickly,
say, with 100 to 200 bushels of adult spawning oysters, and the whole immersed, say, 6
inches or 1 foot below extreme low water. This area should also have a ledge of
heavy planking constructed all round it, so as to prevent the ‘‘fry” of the oyster during
its floating stage from being wafted away by the tides and lost. Where a natural
oyster reef exists the platform would not be needed, since such a reef near by would
amply supply the millions of fry that would be required for our experiments.

Next there must be a wind engine and tank for pumping the sea water through
pipes from all parts of the area B, and from near the surface, where the floating or
swimming “fry” is very abundant. This sea water, charged with its oyster ‘“ fry,”
is then carried to the far side of the pond A. The water then flows from outlet pipes
toward escape pipes and back to thesea. In this way, with only slight provisions
for filtration, and perhaps a tank under the wind engine for allowing the coarsest

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 29

sediment to subside, billions of oyster ‘‘fry” can be pumped from the area B through
the mass of shells covering the platform A.

The best possible conditions could be maintained and the shells could be kept
clean in the pond A by overhauling them by hand from time to time, giving each
one a shaking in the water, so as to always present clean surfaces for spatting during
the six to eight weeks within which that occurs. With such a plant, costing about
$1,000 to $2,000 for its first installation, I would expect that something of permanent
value might come, and that such establishments would become the basis for more
extensive enterprises controlled by private capital.

The device here described provides many things in the best and cheapest form,
though it is not assumed that the plan may not be greatly improved and perhaps
modified as a result of practical experience. The aims to be sought are: (1) A vast
amount of surface in the form of clean shells supported upon a platform, placed in
position about the Ist day of July, when (2) the wind engine may be started to
pump the water charged with ‘‘fry” from the bed of adult spawning oysters.
(3) The “fry” should be pumped from the surface, where it swims foratime. This,
T think, isan important point. Past experience shows that the passage of the ‘“‘ fry”
through a pump does not injure it. With such a plant, and in the light of past
experiences at Sea Isle, especially the season of 1891, for every bushel of shells put
into the nursery I should expect a bushel of seed. Past experience shows that this
seed will, in the space of twelve months, reach a size of 24 inches. This estimate I
believe to be a fair one, and since the installation or plant is practically a permanent
fixture, the possibility of conducting such establishments as permanent nurseries
for the production of seed oysters for planting is seen to be a practical matter
awaiting a practical test. Oysters are like potatoes; they will stay just where you
plant them. The only one of their stages that is locomotive is the “ fry ” or swim-
ming stage. Withsuch a device as the above we get the maximum possible spatting
capacity from an abundant source of fry production. That source should be at
least 200 bushels of adult spawners—better still if it were 2,000 bushels. This last
number of spawners should yield at least 600,000,000,000 of fry. This vast multi-
tude of young oysters pumped through 800 to 5,000 bushels of shells should yield an
abundant supply of spat capable of growing into “plants” or seed oysters, fit for
restocking exhausted beds.

The time may come, as it already has in parts of the country, where oyster and
clam shells can not be obtained in sufficient quantity to serve as the ‘‘cultch” or
nidus upon which the “fry” is to attach itself When this happens it will be an
easy matter to produce a cheap kind of tile or earthenware by machinery, in curved
flakes somewhat like the oyster shell itself in shape, that can be “ burned” or
“kilned” somewhat after the manner of bricks. This material could be produced
in vast quantity and very cheaply for the purpose of furnishing the foundations for
the ‘“‘spat” or seed oysters in these oyster nurseries of the future. The experiments
conducted under my direction at Sea Isle for the past two years, on behalf of the
United States Fish Commission, have served to show what the probabilities of arti-
ficial oyster-seed culture may some day become when pursued with sufficient capital
and energy.

: PACIFIC COAST.

While it has been impossible during the past year to undertake
any extensive investigations or experiments respecting the subject of
increasing the oyster supply on the Pacific coast, observations upon
the temperature and density of the water in places supposed to be
favorable to oyster growth have been made whenever the opportunity
permitted. Such inquiries, continued from year to year, as they have
been in the past, will ultimately yield information of great value to those
desirous of attempting the establishment of new oyster plants from one

e

30 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

source or another. There are several bays along that coast which seem
to be suitable for the introduction of Atlantic stock, and it is now pro-
posed by the Fish Commission, as soon as the necessary arrangements
can be perfected, to make a small planting of the eastern species, prob-
ably at Willapa Bay, Washington, where the character of the bottom
and salinity of the water appear to favor the success of such an experi-
ment. Great interest is now manifested along the entire extent of the
Pacific coast in respect to the oyster question in general, and letters
requesting advice as to where the best seed can be obtained or as to the
conditions necessary to insure the growth and welfare of this mollusk
are constantly received.

EUROPEAN METHODS OF OYSTER-CULTURE.

The last annual report contains a reference to important studies
respecting oyster-culture in France, made for the benefit of the Fish
Commission during the summer and fall of 1891 by Dr. Bashford Dean,
of Columbia College, New York.’ Before the close of that year Dr.
Dean extended his inquiries on the same subject to Spain and Portugal,
and during the one just past he has visited Italy, Germany, Holland,
Belgium, and England on a similar mission. A report upon the results
of his observations in those several countries, accompanied by many
instructive illustrations based upon photographs made by himself, has
recently been received and published.’ It will prove of great interest
to all the practical oystermen of this country who are desirous of
improving the condition of their industry. Dr. Dean’s field inquiries
were conducted with great care, strict attention being paid to all impor-
tant matters of detail; and in the preparation of his report he has taken
exceeding pains to present in a concise form the different subjects of
which it treats, without omitting, however, anything essential to their
complete understanding.

The reasons for extending these researches to other countries than
France are explained by Dr. Dean as follows, in the introduction to his
last paper: .

The methods in use along the ocean coast of France are, in general, similar to those
of the neighboring countries. It has, however, seemed important to understand the
cultural modifications rendered necessary by changes in climate, shore characters,
and saltness of water. Local conditions may not unnaturally have favored one par-
ticular locality to such a degree that methods of culture there in use might prove of
little value in other and even neighboring regions. By general comparison a more
distinct idea may be obtained of the actual character and extent of artificial culture.
Thus may be seen by what manner and means one country of Europe has taken
advantage of the practical successes of a neighboring one, has modified processes to
suit local conditions, found by experiment to what limits imported methods may be
carried, and succeeded or failed in securing the most judicious governmental aid

in obtaining concession of cultural lands and in preserving the natural supplies of
spawning oysters.

1Report on the Present Methods of Oyster-Culture in France, by Bashford Dean.
Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1890, pp. 363-388, plates 68-78.

2Report on the European Methods of Oyster-Culture, by Bashford Dean. Bull.
U.S. Fish Comm. for 1891, pp. 357-406, plates 75-88.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. ob

The industry is discussed by Dr. Dean separately for each country,
comprising in each case an account of the distribution and character-
istics of the natural beds, of the methods employed in cultivation, in
the production of seed and the rearing to adult size, and of all other
matters bearing upon the subject of oyster production and preserva-
tion. The importance of the suggestions contained in this report, as
well as in the preceding one, can not be overestimated, and it is sin-
cerely to be hoped that the oyster interests of this country will be mate-
rially advanced thereby. Some of the more significant of Dr. Dean’s
conclusions are quoted herewith:

It would appear, for example, that the degree of density of the water is one of
the most important factors influencing the spawning and fattening of the oyster.
* * * The density of the water recorded in the best spawning-grounds of the
French coast is practically that of the spawning-grounds of Italy and of northern
Europe. * * * The specific gravity of the water in regions of maximum pro-
duction throughout Europe appears to be uniform at about 1.023 in the case of the
“flat” oyster (Ostrea edulis), and at about 1.021 in the case of the Portuguese species
(Ostrea angulata). The influence of warmth is not to be underestimated in regard
to the time and degree of spawning.

The amount of spat occurring annually in a region appears to be directly in pro-
portion to the number of spawning oysters in that region. This is by no means a
novel suggestion; it is one, however, that has been repeatedly impressed upon the
writer. The older idea, it will be remembered, is that banks can never be exhausted,
on the ground that the few oysters left by the dredgers will, by the annual spawning
of several millions of young, cause a very rapid regeneration. That the banks regen-
erate is true, but the process is shown to be slow and beset with many difficulties.
* * * JItshould be noted that only in those places in Europe where the natural
bulk of spawning oysters is actually maintained does a great quantity of spat occur
regularly; also that where the number of spawning oysters is equal, the percentage
of spat will be notably greater if the spawning oysters are little disturbed.

The amount of oyster food appears to be notably characteristic of a locality whose
normal food value is represented by conditions of warmth, density, and richness in
the organic and inorganic salts, which serve to rapidly generate the oyster-food
organisms. Should this natural food value of a locality be a high one, culture has
demonstrated empirically that the number of oysters that may be reared is excced-
ingly great. It would appear that the number of oysters to be fattened is directly
proportioned to the food normal of the locality and to the volume of water which
passes over the bed. The actual size of a natural oyster bed is limited by other
reasons than that of a failure of the food supply in the neighborhood. * * *

The system of stated oyster reserve has been the key to the success achieved by
the French and Dutch industries, and has alone rendered it possible for these two
countries to supply the entire seed market of Europe. To obtain seed oysters by
collectors is shown to be possible only when a regular yearly fall of spat is thus
assured, Proximity to a large stock of spawning oysters is one of the imperative
conditions of artificial production, a condition that has been too often lost sight of
in experiments made along the Atlantic coast of the United States. Collectors in
Europe are placed on no river bank or sunk in no stream save where the culturist is
fairly sure of a set that will be at least profitable. If experiments iu artificial pro-
duction are to be made in the United States, the suggestion given by European oyster-
culture is to secure for the purpose a particular part of beach, near the line of low
water, where spat has been found to regularly occur. If a trial demonstrates that
the locality is favorable, the European culturist would then gradually and carefully
expend his money in the purchase or preparation of a more extended area for collect-
ing and would study to provide the most suitable form of collector. * * *

an REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

There can be no doubt that artificial production would succeed in American
waters. The question is the practical one, whether it would, on an extended scale,
be less costly than the price of natural seed. This can only be determined by experi-
ments in a favorable locality. * * * The phase of European oyster-culture that
has as yet no equivalent with us at home is that of the extreme value of land at
particular points. * * * The general need in the United States for areain which
to extend oyster-culture can hardly be regarded as immediate. At points, however,
where local cultural conditions are exceedingly favorable to rapid growth or fatten-
ing, it would seem a practical measure to bring into cultivation extended shore
strips near the zone of low-water mark by use of tidal parks of the least costly type.

x * * ~ ~ * *

In those countries alone where government has absolutely preserved supplies of
spawning oysters does seed-culture flourish. The permanent closure of a small
natural oyster-bearing area has apparently done what has not been done by a close
season of the ““R”-less months. * * * That the absolute reservation of oyster-
bearing land will have an immediate and important influence upon the production
of seed in neighboring areas is a proposition which European experience seems to
demonstrate; and the writer would suggest, as in his former report, that the matter
of reservation seems far more pertinent to the needs of the American industry than
any attempts at artificial production. ~ ~* * Reservation is clearly a gov-
ernmental duty, whether State or local. Tbe matter is not a new one, and the
condensed experience of Europe merely emphasizes what, with various modifications
as to tenure, time, and degree, the authorities on this subject in the United States
have already advised.

PHYSICAL INQUIRIES.
OFF COAST OF SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND AND THE MIDDLE STATES.

As it was found impossible to continue during the summer of 1892 the
elaborate series of observations carried on during the previous three
years respecting the temperature and other physical observations off
the southern coast of New England, it was decided to have the schooner
Grampus make a thorough search for the tilefish in the localities where
it had abounded before the astonishing mortality in 1882, which seemed
to have effected its extermination. Predicting its return upon the
results of the physical inquiries recently conducted, it was confidently
expected that at least a few specimens would be captured, and such
proved to be the case. During the several trips made between the
region off Marthas Vineyard and the latitude of the Delaware capes,
8 specimens were secured by means of cod trawls, some of them of very
fair size. The investigations of 1892, as well as those of the previous
three years, were in charge of Prof. William Libbey, jr., of Princeton
College, the Commissioner of Fisheries also taking an active part in
the work and accompanying the Grampus in its earlier trips.

The following notice of the results accomplished during the past
three years has been prepared by Professor Libbey:

During the summers of 1890 and 1891 work was continued in the same area of water
off the southern New England coast as in 1889, the same limitations, east and west, —
and north and south, being observed, except that in 1890 the lines run by the Coast

Survey steamer Blake extended 20 miles farther out to sea than usual, or a total
distance of 150 miles.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 33

As the steamer Blake could not be spared for this purpose in 1891, the parties upon
the schooner Grampus and the Nantucket New South Shoal light-ship were the only
ones in the field. As it was considered inadvisable to make a regular series of
observations over the entire area this year, such lines were chosen as would serve to
bring out the essential character of conditions supposed to exist. Each line run,
however, was equivalent to one that had been utilized in previous years, but the
distance between the lines was greater. Theschooner Grampus occupied 148 stations
along 13 such lines, making a total of about 1,500 serial temperature observations of
the water and over 300 determinations of its specific gravity. In the same connec-
tion over 11,000 hourly meteorological observations were recorded. The light-ship
party was on duty from July 3 to August 17, during which time it made 500 serial

temperature and 250 specific-gravity observations of the water, besides a special
series of over 1,000 hourly determinations of specific gravity. The hourly observa-
tions respecting meteorological conditions by this party amounted to 17,000. The
total number of observations made in 1891 was, therefore, 32,000, as compared with
39,000 the previous year, when three parties were at work.
The relations of the Gulf Stream to the Labrador current, as brought out by this
study, are especially interesting because of their bearing upon the migrations of
schools of fishes. The region off the southern coast of New England was chosen for
this inquiry because it was supposed that the contrasts between the currents would
be more distinctly shown there from the fact of their being forced closer together by
the projection of the mainland to the southeastward from its general curve. This
expectation was realized in the course of our investigations.

The 50° curve of temperature obtained by plotting the observations made at the
different stations has been an interesting one from the beginning. It has been
the means of demonstrating the fact that there are two sets of conditions under
which these two distinct bodies of water come into contact. It will be convenient
to speak of these two portions of the main cufrent of the Gulf Stream separately
under two headings, namely, the upper portion and the lower portion,

Upper portion.—The boundary between the cold and warm waters at the surface is
very seldom a straight line, perpendicular to the surface of the water. It marks
the position of the resultant of all the forces at work. Of course the general posi-
tion of the boundary will be determined by the velocities of the two bodies of water
and their direction when they come in contact. If we leave out of consideration,
for the present, the wind as an effective agent in the production and directing of the
ocean currents, we find that in addition it becomes a most potent factor in the
causation of the changes which are produced in the position of the boundary line at
the surface. The winds certainly sway the surface waters of these currents one way
or another; it may be for miles in one direction or the other; just as they may retard
or reenforce them in their general direction.

The winds which blow over this portion of the North Atlantic may, for conven-
ience, be divided into two classes. One may be said to blow in a southeasterly

direction and the other in a northwesterly direction. The general tendency of the
first group or summer set will be to drive the warmer waters at the surface toward
the coast, thus forcing them above the colder waters of the Labrador current. The
other or winter set may be considered to have the opposite effect upon these waters,
and the final position reached after a cycle is completed will depend on the relative
velocities of the winds. Itis not denied that there are other factors which enter
into this result, or that this position is not affected by the physical characters of the
| waters, viz, their relative temperatures, densities, etc., but itis claimed that, after due
allowance is made for these other factors, the winds are the most active causes of
the daily and seasonal variations which take place in the position of this boundary.

While these motions may equalize one another and the resultant position remain
the same from year to year, it is supposable that there may be an excess in one or
the other of these directions for a series of years, with the result that the boundary

RR. 93——3

34 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

will be carried far from its normal position in one direction or the other, and thus
mask the true position of the main body of one or the other of these currents to a
very considerable extent.

Lower portion.—lt might be expected that in this position only the general causes
which produce and modify the currents in the oceans could bring about any change
in either their velocity or their direction. But there is no doubt that the cumulative
effect of long-continued impulses, as described above, resulting in each case in a gain
in one or the other of these directions, will ultimately be felt, and the result will be
seen in a change of position of the main mass of the current. When these changes
are brought about, they are of such a character as to evade detection, unless the
averages of many observations are carefully studied, when the change in the posi-
tion of the resultant becomes manifest. The contrast between these two portions of
the current are seen in the apparently more flexible character of the upper portion
as compared with the lower, the former being characterized by rather rapid changes
in position, the latter by much slower motions.

The 50° line indicates very clearly the changes which take place in the relations
of these currents. During the time when we were engaged upon this study its pre-
dominant shape was that of an inverted letter S, the lower part of the inverted
letter representing the main body or lower portion of the Gulf Stream. Neither the
40° line nor the 60° line shows any great deflections under any circumstances, thus
apparently indicating that they are well within the boundaries of each of the main
bodies of their respective currents.

A study of the temperature profiles obtained in 1891 showed that the general
relations of the currents had remained the same, but it was noticed that during the
greater part of the time the curved bend of the lower part of the 50° line touched
the edge of the continental platform, covering it completely from the depth of 70
fathoms to that of 120 fathoms in different places. This had occurred once or twice
in 1890, but it was then believed to be rather an accidental feature than otherwise.

A comparison of the profiles of the three years revealed the fact that there had
been a progressive motion during that period toward the shore. In 1889 the lower
portion of the curve did not touch the edge of the continental platform at any point
within the area we were studying. In 1890 this portion of the curve touched the
continental edge both at Block Island and off Nantucket Island in the latter part
of the season, and in 1891, as has been said, it touched along the whoie edge of this
portion of the platform during the greater part of the summer. The change which
was thus produced in the temperature at the bottom along this edge of the conti-
nental platform was in the neighborhood of 10°, an item of considerable importance.

The effect produced by this change in temperature and its relations to the work
of the Fish Commission can be seen to best advantage by reference to a very inter-
esting problem in biology with which it has a direct connection. At a conference
held in Washington with the Commissioner of Fisheries tle results obtained were
carefully discussed. We saw very plainly that if the same rate of motion held good
during this year the whole of the continental edge, or at least that portion of it
with which we were most directly concerned, would be covered with this warmer
water. The idea was then suggested that if such were the case the conditions for
the reappearance of the tilefish would be established if environment meant any-
thing in the problem. In the years 1880 and 1881 this recently discovered fish had
been found in considerable numbers upon the area we were studying, and had
attracted so much attention among fishermen that preparations were made to take
it upon a commercial scale for the New York and Boston markets during the ensuing
season. Unfortunately, however, in the spring of 1882 the water from Cape May to
Nantucket became covered with countless millions of this fish in a dead or dying
condition. From that time the tilefish (Lopholatilus chameleonticeps) disappeared
from this area entirely, and all attempts to find it since then have been unsuccessful.
The cause of its disappearance became a sort of biological puzzle.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 35

The fish had previously been caught in a depth of water varying from 60 to 130
fathoms. Its feeding-ground being at the bottom would therefore occur just at the
edge of the continental platform. Itis probably a tropical deep-sea species, judging
from its relationships, which had migrated northward through favorable inducements
offered by an enlarged feeding-ground opened up in that direction. Itis noteworthy
that the temperature at which it was caught (50° to 58°) could only be established
on the New England coast and at the edge of the continental platform by just such
an invasion of warm water as has been described above. Itis only necessary to
conceive the whole of the continental edge from Florida to Nantucket thus over-
flowed by this warm band of water to see how the regular feeding-ground of a tropical
species could be extended so that the fish could follow it throughout the whole of
this largely increased area.

It was agreed to test these theoretical conclusions during the summer of 1892.
In July the Commissioner and myself went out in the schooner Grampus, south of
Marthas Vineyard, to the area which seemed to promise a reward for our labors. .We
found the temperature conditions right, set the cod trawls and caught the tilefish.
During the remaining portion of the summer I spent considerable time tracing out
the limits of the area over which the temperature of 50° and above could be found,-
using the trawl lines at the same time to ascertain if the fish were there. We
found them all the way to the Delaware capes, and were satisfied that though they
were not numerous they had taken advantage of the changed conditions to reoccupy
this area.

WATER-TEMPERATURE STATIONS.

The Light-House Board and the Southern Pacific Company have
continued during the year the taking of daily water-temperature obser-
vations for the benefit of the Fish Commission at the following places:,

Temperature stations on the Atlantic coast.

Stations of the Light-House Board:

Coast of Maine: Petit Manan Island, Mount Desert Rock, Matinicus Rock,
Seguin Island, Boon Island.

Coast of Massachusetts: Race Point, Pollock Rip light-ship, Great Round Shoal
light-ship, Nantucket New South Shoal light-ship, Cross Rip light-ship,
Vineyard Sound light-ship.

Coast of Rhode Island: Brenton Reef light-ship, Block Island southeast light.

Long Island Sound: Bartlett Reef light-ship, Stratford Shoal light-ship.

Coast of New Jersey: Absecon Inlet, Five-Fathom Bank light-ship.

Delaware Bay: Fourteen-Foot Bank light-ship.

Coast of Virginia: Winter Quarter Shoal light-ship. :

Chesapeake Bay: Windmill Point, Stingray Point, Wolf Trap Bar, York Spit.

Coast of North Carolina; Cape Lookout, Frying Pan Shoal light-ship.

Coast of South Carolina; Rattlesnake Shoal light-ship, Martins Industry Shoal
light-ship.

Coast of Florida: Fowey Rocks, Carysfort Reef, Dry Tortugas.

Temperature stations on the Pacific Slope.

Stations of the Southern Pacific Company:
Sacramento River at Tehama and Yolo bridges and King’s Landing, California.
Feather River at Feather River Bridge, California.
American River at American River Bridge, California.
Mokelumne River at Lodi, Cal.
Tuolumne River at Modesto, Cal.
San Joaquin River at the upper and lower railroad crossings.
King River at Kingsburg, Cal.
Colorado River at Yuma, Ariz.

\
x

36 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. |

WOODS HOLE LABORATORY.

‘The Woods Hole laboratory was opened as usual for biological
researches on July 1, 1892, but several of the workers arrived and
were given the necessary facilities for carrying on their studies during
June. The laboratory was in charge of Dr. James L. Kellogg, of Johns
Hopkins University, and the Commissioner was also present during
most of the season, giving personal direction to such parts of the
investigations as were undertaken for the Fish Commission. The total
number of investigators in attendance, not including the regular em-
ployés of the Commission, was fourteen; of these, two were engaged
in the study of special subjects for the benefit of the Commission.
The work carried on by each may be summarized as follows:

Dr. James L. Kellogg was occupied mainly with the study of the
spawning and early habits of the common scallop er pecten (Pecten
irradians), the younger stages of which were found attached in great
abundance to ulva in the Acushnet River, near New Bedford, Mass.
The breeding season of this species occurs during May and June in
this region, and is probably of shorter duration than in the case of
many other important food mollusks. During June the young were
observed to present very slight variation as to size, and during the
two succeeding months the growth was not rapid. The attachment to
ulva was by means of a well-developed byssus, the occurrence of which
’ in. the first stages of growth has been recognized for some time. The
byssus-forming gland, which.was carefully studied, was found to remain
functional until the latter part of August, when it became atrophied,
and in the adults all traces of it have disappeared. Late in August
the shell in many instances reaches a diameter of two-thirds of an
inch, but considerable differences then exist with respect to size. The
method of byssus attachment was determined in both the young pecten
and the black mussel, and it was made out that in each of those species
the byssus could be thrown off at will, the animal crawling about by
means of its foot and reattaching. A vestigial organ, probably a non-
functional byssus organ, was discovered in the young of Yoldia, another
form of Lamellibranch.

The practical bearing of the results of Dr. Kellogg’s observations
relate to the artificial propagation or transplanting of the scallop,
which, during its attached stage, could be transported conveniently in
immense numbers with slight danger of loss. Moreover, if reared in
confinement, a suitable collector could readily be provided for the
attachment of the young, thereby obviating the difficulties attending
the handling of large quantities of fry in a free condition. Studies
were also conducted by Dr. Kellogg relative to the morphology and
physiology of several bivalve mollusks.

Prof. Francis H. Herrick, of Adelbert College, Cleveland, Ohio, con-
tinued his observations, begun in 1890, on the development and the
life-history of the lobster. As previously announced, Professor Herrick
is preparing for the Fish Commission a comprehensive report upon the

|
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REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 37

natural history of this important marine invertebrate, which will be
based chiefly upon his own studies now in progress, and is designed
especially to present that class of facts regarded as essential in per-
fecting the methods of its propagation and providing for its better
protection by means of legislation.

Prof. H. V. Wilson, of the University of North Carolina, nearly com-
pleted during the summer his inquiries relative to the development of
certain sponges, which he had previously carried on at Woods Hole
and at the Bahama Islands. These studies were partly undertaken
with the view of using them as the basis for experimental operations
in Florida respecting the cultivation of the commercial sponges, but this
work has been deferred for the present owing to Professor Wilson’s
resignation from the service of the Commission. The report upon his
observations, received during the year, has been published in the Journal
of Morphology.!

Dr. William Patten, of the University of North Dakota, was engaged
upon the study of the sense organs in the horseshoe crab (Limulus),
supplementing his observations on structure by many interesting
physiological experiments to determine their functions. These related
iny part to the sensibility of this animal to changes in temperature, a
subject of great importance in respect to fishes, which it is hoped will
soon be taken up. Certain points concerning the annelid worms were
studied by Dr. E. A. Andrews, of Johns Hopkins University; the
development of the group of mollusks known as chitons was observed
by Mr. Maynard M. Metcalf, of the same university; and Dr. James I.
Peck, of Williams College, was occupied in preparing a systematic
paper on the pteropods and heteropods collected during recent explora-
tions of the steamer Albatross.

The following persons were also present at the station: Mr. H. McE.
Knower and Mr. Lefevre, post-graduate students of Johns Hopkins
University, collecting and studying the surface life of the region; Mr. J.
Y. Graham and Mr. Farr, of Princeton College, engaged in the study of
the anatomy of several local fishes and invertebrates; Prof. E. R. Boyer,
of the public schools, Chicago, collecting fishes and marine invertebrates
for instructional purposes; Mr. W. McM. Woodworth and Mr. C. B.
Davenport, of Harvard University, the latter investigating several
forms of hydroids, in continuation of observations begun the previous
season.

The schooner Grampus, which was employed during the summer
months in conducting investigations along the outer margin of the
continental platform south of New England and New York, made its
headquarters at Woods Hole, and Professor Libbey, in direct charge of
that inquiry, occupied quarters in the laboratory during the intervals
between the different trips. The steamer Fish Hawk was also at work
in Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound during a part of the summer.

1Observations on the Gemmule and Egg Development of Marine Sponges, by Henry
V. Wilson. Journal of Morphology, 1x, No. 3, pp. 277-406, plates 14-25, 1894.

38 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Mr. Vinal N. Edwards, the permanent collector at this station, whose
work has been referred to in previous reports, was actively employed
during the entire year in making collections of fishes and in recording
the daily catch of the fishermen at all points in this vicinity. In the
spring of 1893 special attention was paid to the spawning habits of the
menhaden and mackerel, both of which species breed to some extent
in this neighborhood. During several weeks of the summer of 1892
the writer was at Woods Hole, carrying on, in conjunction with Mr.
Edwards, a thorough investigation of the shores and inlets of Buz-
zards Bay and Vineyard Sound with respect to the habits and life-history
of the younger stages of the common food-fishes which resort to that
region. Extensive collections and observations were made, the more
interesting relating to the merhaden, the young of which occur in
myriads in most of the brackish waters thereabouts, especially in the
Acushnet River at New Bedford and in the Wareham River at the
head of Buzzards Bay. At different times during the year visits were
made by Mr. Edwards to more distant localities, such as Narragansett
Bay and Cape Cod Bay, in search of further information respecting the
breeding and other habits of the menhaden.

INVESTIGATION OF INTERIOR WATERS.
COLUMBIA RIVER.

During the early part of the fall of 1892 inquiries were conducted
along a part of the Columbia River and several of its tributaries, with
the object of determining: (1) The character and extent of the obstrue-
tions to the ascent of salmon in the Clarke Fork; (2) the advisability
of establishing a hatching station for salmon in the eastern part of the
State of Washington. The first of these inquiries originated in a joint
resolution introduced in the United States Senate on February 19, 1891,
and again on February 9, 1892, calling for an appropriation “to be
expended under the direction of the Secretary of War in the removal
of such obstructions in the Clarke Fork of the Columbia River as pre-
vent the ascent of salmon and other fish up said river and its tribu-
taries to the Flathead Lake and other waters in that vicinity.” More
definite information respecting these obstructions and the utility of
their removal being desired before final action was taken in the matter,
the United States Fish Commissioner was directed, by an item in the
sundry civil appropriation bill, approved August 5, 1592, to make the
necessary examinations; and the same bill also authorized the investi-
gations relative to the hatchery site in Washington.

These inquiries were placed in charge of Dr. C. E. Gorham, engineer
of the Fish Commission, who was assisted in the natural-history work by
Mr. Barton A. Bean, of the United States National Museum, and Mr. A.
J. Woolman, an ichthyologist of South Bend, Ind. This party reached
the upper waters of Clarke Fork, in Montana, the middle of September,
and continued in the field about a month. It was found impossible,

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 39

_ however, to cover the ground during that period as thoroughly as
was deemed advisable, and arrangements have been made to continue
the work during the summer of 1893. The principal features of interest
brought out by Mr. Gorham’s party in respect to the Clarke Fork may
be noted as follows:

The upper part of the river was first examined between Flathead
Lake and Lake Pend d’Oreille, but within that part of its course no
obstructions were discovered which could, to any extent, impede the
passage of salmon in case they had free access to Lake Pend d’Oreille.
The lower Flathead River drains the lake of the same name and, after
flowing first southerly and then westerly: a distance of about 70 miles,
unites with the Missoula River to form the Clarke Fork. Just below
the lake Flathead River is occupied for several miles by a succession
of rapids, with still water here and there, its width averaging about
300 feet, and its depth probably from 6 to 10 feet. Even less active

species than the salmon would have no difficulty in passing this point.
_ The next place of interest in going downstream is Thompson Falls,
situated in the Clarke Fork some sixty-odd miles above Lake Pend
d’Oreille. At this point the stream is very much contracted, and rushes
through a rocky gorge a distance of several hundred feet. There is
also here a fall of about 6 or 8 feet, over which a large volume of water
pours, sufficient, it is supposed, to permit of the movements of salmon
without difficulty. Immediately below the falls are large eddies and the
river there appears as an ideal home for both salmon and trout. The
water is clear and pure, and on September 19 had a temperature of 61°
to 62° F. The course of the river from Thompson Falls to Lake Pend
d@Oreille is clear of all obstructions, and the same is also true with
respect to this lake itself, which has a length of about 20 miles between
the mouth of the Clarke Fork and the beginning of the Pend d’Oreille
River, being, in fact, practically only a general widening out of the
river.

Below the lake the river is known as the Pend d’Oreille River. From
Sand Point it flows almost directly west to the Washington line;
thence northwesterly and northerly until within British America, where
it makes a sharp turn to the WSW., and empties into the Columbia
River within sight of the pole marking the international boundary line.
The length of the river within the territory of the United States is
Slightly over 100 miles, and in British Columbia about 22 miles.

Between Lake Pend d’Oreille and the Idaho-Washington boundary
line it presents only a single, rapid descent called Albany Falls, which
are located about 14 miles above the town of Newport, Idaho. An
island divides the river here, and the Great Northern Railroad crosses
it at the same place, making use of the island as the base of one of
the bridge piers. ‘The falls are therefore double, being situated on
each side of the island. They have a rapid but not vertical descent
of between 8 and 10 feet. They are much broken, and at the time they
were visited had a good volume of water passing over them; but at

40 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

periods of low water their descent would become somewhat more abrupt.
Trout pass freely up the falls, and they would therefore present no
obstacle to salmon.

The river is navigable above these falls to Lake Pend d’Oreille, and
below them as far as Box Canyon, a distance of about 60 miles, being
generally wide and comparatively quiet, though with a strong current.
At Box Canyon the river is confined between vertical walls from 30 to
150 feet high and not more than 70 feet apart in places. Being reduced
to such a narrow gorge, the stream becomes very deep and, although
comparatively smooth, is very swift and dangerous for boats, but offers
no obstacles to the passage of fish. Rowboats pass through the canyon,
and a small steamer was taken through at one time. This part of the
river could be greatly improved for navigation by the removal of a few
obstructions at sight expense.

About 7 or 8 miles below the canyon and about 35 miles above the
mouth of the Pend d’Oreille River are the Metaline Falls, the most
serious of all the obstructions in the entire river. Their total descent
is somewhere between 25 and 30 feet, more or less broken, and forming
rather a series of rapids. On one side are perpendicular bluffs, 30 to
80 feet high, and on the other four large rock masses have fallen into
the stream from the mountain which rises abruptly on that side. The
possible effect of this obstruction upon the movements of salmon was
not determined satisfactorily, although Dr. Gorham inclined to the
opinion that it would be insurmountable in its present state, and he
suggested that the conditions could be much improved by blasting out
the head of the falls and by breaking up the large rock masses which
cause the second or lower rush of waters.

Below the Metaline Falls the river is wide and deep. About 10 miles
below, and 24 miles in a direct line south of the Canadian boundary
line, is Big Eddy Canyon, between 2 and 6 mies long, which has been
reported to contain several falls. It is very difficult of inspection, and
at only a few points, where the walls were somewhat broken, was it
possible to get close enough to see inside. The walls are from 80 to 300
feet high, and at one place contract the river to a width of only about
20 feet. The current attains great velocity, but so far as could be deter-
mined there are no actual falls in the canyon, and this was also said to
be the case by Mr. John Everett, a prospector, who has lived thirty-
three years in this region.

From here on to the mouth of the Pend d’Oreille there are several
rapids or slight falls, but none of great importance. These are all in
British Columbia territory, partly above and partly below the Salmon
River, which enters the Pend d’Oreille a short distance above the
international boundary line. Just above the mouth of the Salmon, all
contained within a distance of afew hundred feet, are five rapids or low
falls, with a total descent of about 30 feet. The upper one, located at
a point where the river is confined in a narrow gorge, scarcely 50 feet
wide, has a height of about 5 feet. The second has about the same

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. Al

height; the third is about 6 feet high, and the fourth 4 feet high, while
the ‘lower one, quite near the mouth of Salmon River, has a total
descent of about 10 feet. In Dr. Gorham’s opinion none of these rapids,
unless it might be the lower one, would serve to obstruct the ascent of
salmon even during low water, while at times of high water it is quite
certain that all difficulties in that respect would disappear.

Below the mouth of the Salmon River the Pend d’Oreille flows
through a narrow gorge and forms a succession of rapids, after which
it widens out and continues less turbulent for some distance; but the
last 5 miles of its course are confined within another canyon. At its
mouth it is from 150 to 200 feet wide, and before emptying into the
Columbia it passes over a fall from 4 to 10 feet high, depending upon
the stage of water in the Columbia River. Ordinarily salmon would
have no trouble in passing over this obstruction.

Kettle Falls, the only important obstruction in the Upper Columbia
River, located about 9 miles from Colville, Wash., and 40 or more miles
south of the mouth of the Pend d’Oreille, were not visited by the party,
but from information obtained from others it is evident that they do
not constitute a serious impediment to the ascent of salmon, which for-
merly were said to have passed over them in greater or less numbers,
although they do not at present.

No positive information was obtained respecting the occurrence of
the true salmon (Oncorhynchus chouicha) in the Pend d’Oreille River,
and it is said that none go farther upstream than the falls at the mouth
of Salmon River. The evidence secured points to the fact that the
salmon (so called) of both those rivers is the steelhead (Salmo gairdneri),
and specimens of this species were observed. There was not, however,
sufficient opportunity to study this question satisfactorily, and a pro-
longed series of observations may be necessary to determine the range
and relative abundance of these two species in the upper waters of the
Columbia River. Until conclusive evidence is obtained that the true
salmon is prevented from ascending to the upper part of this river
system because of the presence of natural barriers and not from other
causes, it should not be considered advisable or judicious to expend
money im the removal of any supposed obstructions to their passage.
_ There are many conditions which require careful study and considera-
tion before any definite steps are taken in that direction, and it is
intended next year to begin upon a careful and detailed investigation
of the subject throughout the entire course of the Columbia River and
its tributaries.

Inquiries relative to a site for the establishment of a salmon-hatching
Station in eastern Washington were confined chiefly to Little Spokane
River and Colville River. No success was met with, however, as no
locality was found convenient of access and at the same time affording
the means for securing an abundance of breeding fish. This subject
will also be covered by the proposed general survey above referred to.

42 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

MINNESOTA, NORTH AND SOUTH DAKOTA.

During July and August, 1892, investigations were carried on in the
contiguous parts of these three States by Mr. A. J. Woolman, of South
Bend, Ind., assisted during a portion of the time by Prof. U. O. Cox,
of the State Normal School, Mankato, Minn. The waters examined
were Lake Traverse, Big Stone Lake, and the Minnesota River as far
down as Montevideo, Minn.; the Red River of the North as far as the
international line, including many of its tributaries; Devils Lake and
the James River in North Dakota, the latter being a tributary of the
Missouri River. The work was executed in a thorough manner, and
was comprehensive in its scope, being directed toward determining the
physical characteristics of the different bodies of water visited, as well
as their fishes and other aquatic inhabitants, both animals and plants.
No extensive ichthyological studies had previously been made in this
region, and the report of Mr. Woolman upon the results obtained con-
tains many observations of scientific and practical interest.

After discussing the geological history of the region examined, which
points to the former existence of a very extensive lake, reaching
northward to and including Lake Winnipeg, and drained by a broad
waterway leading southward through the trough now occupied by
Lake Traverse, Big Stone Lake, and the Minnesota River, Mr. Woolman
proceeds to describe and account for the present conditions and rela-
tions of the principal water areas which he visited. Red River of the
North is not the outlet of Lake Traverse, as is often represented on maps,
nor has it been in modern times. Lake Traverse and Big Stone Lake,
both lying in the valley of ‘‘River Warren” of geologists, are only about
5 miles apart, being separated by sediment piled a few feet above the
surface of the former lake. The similarity of the species of fishes living
in the two lake basins indicates that at one time they were connected,
and yet thenumber of comparatively unimportant or minor differences,
quite noticeable and constant, and reaching in some cases almost vari-
etal significance, shows the landlocked condition of the fauna of Lake
Traverse and points to the fact that these two lakes could not have been
united in recent years.

Lake Traverse, lying between Minnesota and the northeastern corner
of South Dakota, is about 14 miles long by 1 to 14 miles wide, and has
a maximum depth of about 30 feet, the average being possibly half
that or less. The temperature of the water was high, having been
77° F. when the lake was visited in July. It must change rapidly
with the seasons, and in winter the lake freezes to the bottom over much
of its extent. There are only two small inlets, and the volume of water
in the lake is gradually diminishing. The lake supports a rich and
varied growth of plant life, and teems with crustaceans, mollusks, and
insects. Nothwithstanding this fact, howewer, it contains few kinds of
fishes, none of which can be regarded as abundant. -About the only
species utilized as food is the pickerel (Lucius luctus), although a few
catfish (Amevurus nebulosus) and strawberry bass (Pomowis) are taken |

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 43

for this purpose. No small fishes were observed in the lake proper, and
the total number of species obtained from the Jake and its tributaries
was only 7.

Big Stone Lake is 35 to 38 miles long and 14 to 2 miles wide, with a
maximum depth of 35 feet. The average depth is greater than in Lake
Traverse, the water is clearer and purer, and it contains but little vege-
tation. Invertebrates are also less plentiful, although occurring in
sufficient quantities to constitute an ample food supply, and there are
many small fishes, such as minnows and darters. In the variety and
abundance of its fishes this lake presents a marked contrast with Lake
Traverse, 25 species having been secured. [ood varieties are common,
the most important being the pickerel, wall-eyed pike, black bass, rock
bass, and crappies. From the Minnesota River and its tributaries,
between Big Stone Lake and Montevideo, a total of 55 species of fishes
was obtained, and from the James River, in North Dakota, 20 species.

The Red River of the North presents many features of special interest.
It is the only large stream within the boundaries of the United States
which finds an outlet toward the far north, suggesting marked differ-
ences in its faunal characteristics as compared with other water areas
even within the adjacent region, conditions which were not found to
exist, however, emphasizing the former connection of this river with the
Minnesota and Mississippi. The course of the Red River of the North
is northward down a long, gentle slope from a low watershed, which
separates its basin from that of the Mississippi on the south, east, and
west. Many of its tributaries take an opposite course, in keeping with
the streams of the Mississippi system, trending southward until within
the immediate valley or flood plain of the main river, when they bend
abruptly. The narrow valley now occupied by this river is the product
of erosion, and is cut down from 50 to 75 feet below the surrounding
level country. Examinations were made at intervals along the main
river and also on twelve of its tributaries, the most important of which
were the Otter Tail River, Red Lake River, Sheyenne River, as far up as
Valley City, N. Dak., and Pembina River, as far up as Minot, N. Dak.
Thirty-eight species of fishes were obtained in this basin.

IOWA, NEBRASKA, SOUTH DAKOTA, AND WYOMING.

The sundry civil appropriation bill approved August 5, 1892, pro.
vided for investigations in these several States for the purpose of
determining their requirements from a fish-cultural standpoint and of
ascertaining the most suitable locations for the establishment of such
hatching stations as the circumstances may warrant. It was found
impossible to begin upon this inquiry until early in October, and oper-
ations for the season were suspended during the first part of November
on account of inclement weather, which prevented the carrying on of
many of the more essential observations, especially those relating to
temperature and other physical conditions of the water.. The investi-
gations were resumed in the middle of June, 1893, and were completed

44 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

in the middle of August following. The work was in charge of Prof.
Barton W. Evermann, assisted in the fall of 1892 by Mr. Lewis M.
McCormick, of the United States National Museum, and in 1893 by Prof.
U. O. Cox, of the State Normal School, Mankato, Minn.; Mr. Cloud.
Rutter, of Long Pine, Nebr., and Prof. R. G. Gillum. of the State
Normal School, Terre Haute, Ind.

An account of the results of this inquiry must be deferred until the
next annual report, to which it properly belongs, only a brief mention
being made in this connection of the work accomplished during the
fiscal year 1892-93. During October, 1892, many of the streams and
springs among the Black Hills and in their vicinity were examined,
some of the places visited being Belle Fourche, Spearfish; Rapid City,
and Hot Springs, S. Dak., and Newcastle, Wyo. As the cold weather
came on the party started eastward through Nebraska, making obser-
vations at Ravenna, Lincoln, Crete, and South Bend, in that State, and
subsequently at Ames, Cedar Rapids, and Spirit Lake, in Iowa. During
June, 1893, the investigations were confined to the southern part of
South Dakota and northeastern Nebraska, streams being visited in the
vicinity of Mitchell, Chamberlain, Scotland, and Springfield in the
former State, and of Niobrara, Verdigris, and Creighton in the latter.

As is customary in inquiries of this kind, very complete and detailed
observations were made, relating not only to the character and richness
of the aquatic fauna, but also to the fitness or requirements of the waters
with respect to stocking, their physical and other conditions, and to the
relative advantages afforded by different localities for the carrying on
of fish-cultural operations, the latter involving the consideration of
several important factors, such as the water supply, transportation
facilities, and to a certain extent the proximity of natural breeding-
grounds, etc. Large collections of fishes and of other aquatic animals
were made, a study of which will add greatly to our knowledge of the
natural history of the regions examined.

WISCONSIN.

During the season of 1892 the physical and biological features of
lakes Geneva, Delavan, and Winnebago, in Wisconsin, were investi-
gated by Prof. S. A. Forbes, assisted by several of his students in the
State University of Illinois. The main part of the work on lakes
Geneva and Delavan was accomplished during May, but visits were
also paid to the same lakes in July, August, and September following.
Lake Winnebago was studied during the middle part of June. The
contour of the bottom of these lakes was determined by means of
soundings; temperature observations were made at the surface and at
different depths, and sketch maps were prepared to illustrate their
physical characteristics. The biological work consisted in dredging,
the constant use of the surface tow net, and in collecting along the:

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 45

shores, the inquiries being extended into the creeks, ponds, sloughs,
_and other waters adjacent to the lakes.

ARKANSAS.

Beginning in the summer of 1891, Prof. S. E. Meek, of the Arkansas
Industrial University, has carried on, from time to time, in the interests
of the United States Fish Commission, important observations relating
tothe fishes of Arkansas. In his report upon these inquiries ', Professor
Meek has described the principal characteristics of the several rivers
and of the more conspicuous springs for which some parts of the State
are noted, and has given complete annotated lists of the fishes which
are now known to occur in four of the principal river basins, the White
River having a total of 84 species, the Little Red River 58 species, the
Arkansas River 61 species, and the Illinois River 31 species.

The following remarks are extracted from Professor Meek’s report:

From an ichthyological standpoint Arkansas is well favored. The State is bordered
on the east by the Mississippi, and has four large navigable rivers flowing through it.
Two of these rivers, with most of their tributaries, rise in the Ozark Mountains
within the boundaries of the State. These streams are fed by many large and
beautiful springs, whose waters are cool enough for the mountain trout, their suit-
ability being well demonstrated by the success which has attended trout-culture at
the several hatcheries already mentioned. In fact, it has been proven not only that
trout will thrive in the Ozark Mountain region, but that their growth there is much
more rapid than in some other places farther north, where their artificial cultivation
is being carried on. The important question for the consideration of the practical
fish-culturist is, how many pounds of fish he can secure from a certain number of
eggs within a given period and with the least expenditure of artificial food. The
records of the Neosho hatchery clearly indicate that fish-culture can be conducted
successfully in this direction. While the mountain streams bid fair to contain an
abundance of trout in the near future, the larger and more sluggish waters are well
suited to the coarser food-fishes native to the State, the most important among them
being the black bass, wall-eyed pike, eastern pickerel (Lucius reticulatus), buftalo-
fishes, etc. Al] of the important rivers mentioned supply many fishes to the markets
every year, and they may continue to do so if assistance shall be given toward
restoring, so far as possible, the balance of life in favor of those species which man
has done so much to destroy.

There is no doubt that Arkansas possesses piscatorial features of a high grade,
which warrant more attention in the future than they have received in the past.
The angler may find amusement along the picturesque streams of the Ozark Moun-
tains, while the fish-culturist will come to recognize in this region one of his richest
fields in North America. Arkansas is as yet only thinly settled, and a thorough
exploration of the streams of the State before their faunze have been much changed
by cultivation would be of great economic and scientific interest. The increase and
protection of her food-fishes, both the native and introduced species, can not be suc-
cessfully accomplished without a more complete knowledge of the physical and
natural-history features of the streams, and it is to be hoped that the means for
making such a survey will not long be delayed.

1Report of investigations respecting the fishes of Arkansas, conducted during
1891, 1892, and 1893, with a synopsis of previous explorations in thesame State. By
Seth Eugene Meek. Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. for 1894, pp. 67-94.

46 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
CALIFORNIA.

From 1891 to the close of the fiscal year just past the fresh-water
fishes of California have been made the subject of investigation for the
Fish Commission by Prof. Charles H. Gilbert, of Leland Stanford Junior
University, during such times as his college duties would permit. A
report upon these researches has been deferred until further obser-
vations can be made, but the field work so far accomplished may be
summarized as follows:

During the fiscal year 1891-92, the inquiries related to the streams
which, draining the eastern slope of the Santa Cruz Mountains and the
western slope of the Mount Hamilton Range, enter the southern arm
of San Francisco Bay, and those which drain the western slope of
the Santa Cruz Mountains and enter the sea between San Francisco
and Santa Cruz. These two sets of streams were found to have very
different fauns, the former containing, in addition to the fishes of
general distribution in California, many of the peculiar forms of the
Sacramento Basin, such as Hysterocarpus traski, Archoplites inter-
ruptus, Orthodon microlepidotus, Lavinia exilicauda, and Pogonichthys
macrolepidotus, which are wholly excluded from the streams draining
the western slope of the Santa Cruz Mountains. The latter have only
species of general distribution, like the sucker (Catostomus occiden-
talis), trout (Salmo gairdneri), sticklebacks (Gasterosteus microcephalus),
sculpins (Cottus asper), and occasionally a minnow.

Within the past year further examinations were made in the same
region, and, in addition, the Pajaro River was studied from its mouth,
in Monterey Bay, to the source of its principal tributary, the San
Benito River. Los Gatos Creek, Fresno County, was also visited, but
was found to be without fishes. This will probably prove true of all
other streams entering the San Joaquin Valley from the west, as they
are likely to be without running water during part of the hot, dry
summer,

MISCELLANEOUS INQUIRIES.
MACKEREL INVESTIGATIONS.

The act of Congress passed in 1886, which virtually prohibited the
spring mackerel vessel fishery prior to June 1 of each year during a
term of five years, ceased to be operative after 1892. In order to
determine, so far as possible, if any immediate benefits had resulted
from this series of close seasons, and also to obtain information for the
use of the Joint Fishery Commission between Great Britain and the
United States, the schooner Grampus, Capt. A. C. Adams in command,
was detailed to follow the progress of that fishery throughout its entire
course in the spring of 1893. Sailing from Woods Hole at an early
date, Captain Adams was directed to conduct a detailed series of physi-
cal observations on the way south until the body of mackerel had been

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 47

discovered, after which he was to keep track of the movements, habits,
and abundance of the latter, and to study the conditions of their
environment as far north as Nova Scotia. The presence of a large fleet
of purse-seiners on the grounds afforded excellent opportunities for
learning of the distribution of the fish at all times, and through their
means it was expected that specimens for examination would be obtain-
able. The Grampus also made use of the fishing apparatus she had on
board, and an hourly record of physical determinations was maintained
day and night, besides which the surface tow nets were frequently
employed to discover the presence of mackerel food. The natural-
history observations were conducted by Mr. W.C. Kendall. Mr. B. L.
Hardin was stationed at Fulton Market, New York City, to inspect all
arrivals of mackerel there from the purse-seine fleet, as well as from
the shore apparatus tributary to that market.
The Grampus sailed from Woods Hole on April 10 and reported at
Lewes, Del., April 21, having experienced heavy weather up to that
date. Very few fish had been observed, and the fishing fleet had
accomplished comparatively nothing. The latter also sought shelter at
the same place. Poor success, both in the catch of fish and in the
opportunities to make observations upon them continued thence to the
close of the season, and by the middle of May nearly all the purse-seiners
- had left the southern grounds for the coast of Nova Scotia. The small
catch made this season was partly due to stormy weather, but, even
when all the conditions seemed favorable, mackerel were either scarce
or difficult to capture. More light will probably be thrown upon this
question when the elaborate series of notes obtained have been worked
up, but the fishermen have failed thus far to recognize any beneficial
results from the restrictions placed upon their spring fishery during
the previous five years.

On May 23, the southern fishery having ended several days before
that time, the Grampus left Woods Hole, where she had put in for
supplies, and proceeded to Nova Scotia, to continue the inquiries on
the same plan as at the south. The entire fleet had assembled there,
but no fish were taken on this coast, except in trap nets on the shore,
until after June 1. By June 5 some of the fleet had done fairly well, the
others poorly. After their first appearance on this coast the mackerel
moved rapidly eastward, the purse-seiners and the Grampus following
them as far as Cape North on Cape Breton Island, the former as a
whole making a good catch to the eastward of Halifax, as compared
with former seasons. There were 75 seiners on the Nova Scotia shore,
and their average fare was about 160 barrels each. The Grampus
returned to Woods Hole the latter part of June, bringing a large
quantity of specimens bearing upon the breeding habits, food, size,
etc., of the mackerel, together with very complete records of the daily
observations.

Mr. B. L. Hardin remained at New York from April 12 to June 3,
and examined every fare of mackerel landed from the southern fishery,

48 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

as well as the smaller catches made in the pound nets along the shores.
Notes were kept upon the abundance, sizes, and spawning conditions
of the fish, and interviews were held with the masters of the different
schooners relative to the more important incidents connected with
their several cruises.

INVESTIGATIONS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY AND ADJACENT WATERS.

The fishery investigations begun in June, 1892, in the lower part of
Chesapeake Bay and the adjacent waters of the open ocean by the
schooner Grampus were continued until about July 20, when that ves-
sel proceeded to Woods Hole to take up the physical inquiries along
the continental platform, as described above. <A few trips were made
out to sea during this period, but the examinations were principally
confined to the waters of the bay, in which the beam trawl, seines, etc.,
were employed with good results.

FISHES OF CASCO BAY, MAINE.

During August, 1892, Mr. W. C. Kendall was engaged in collecting
and observing the habits of fishes in the more inclosed waters of Casco
Bay, Maine, including the lower parts of some of its tributary streams.
The special object of his inquiries was to ascertain if the menhaden
spawn in that region, and if the young occur in the brackish waters”
there during the summer months, as is the case south of Cape Cod.
No specimens of young menhaden were secured, however, and no evi-
dence was obtained to show that this species has been in the habit of
Spawning in this bay during recent years at least.

EMBRYOLOGY OF THE STURGEON.

Arrangements were made, in the spring of 1893, for the study, by
Dr. Bashford Dean, of Columbia College, New York, of the embryology
of the sturgeon (Acipenser sturio oxyrhynchus Mitchill), on board the
steamer Fish Hawk, while stationed in the Delaware River off Glou-
cester City, N. J., during the shad-hatching season, the object of this
inquiry being to supplement the investigations respecting the same
species carried on for the Fish Commission several years before by Prof.
John A. Ryder. As the necessary material could not be obtained
conveniently in the locality named, however, Dr. Dean proceeded to
Delaware City, Del., where he made his headquarters, and where he
was fortunate in securing an abundance of ripe sturgeon of both sexes.
His experiments and observations were carried on with entire success
in all particulars. No difficulties were encountered in fertilizing the
eggs and in holding them in good condition until they hatched. They
were kept in improvised floating boxes, which were moored in several
places in the river and canal, those placed in the mid-current affording
the best results, Very few eggs were lost in any of the boxes, and

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES 49

with proper facilities Dr. Dean is confident that he could have produced
enough fry to have made his work exceedingly profitable from a prac-
tical standpoint. Heconsiders the vicinity of Delaware City especially
well adapted to the propagation of the sturgeon, and thinks there
would be no trouble in securing a sufficient number of spawning fish at
the proper season. He was there from May 14 to 23. Observations |
were also made respecting the breeding and other habits of the stur-
geon, and Dr. Dean has now in course of preparation a comprehensive
account of the results of his investigations.

MORTALITY AMONG ALEWIVES, LAKE ONTARIO,

Reference has frequently been made in the Fish-Commission publi-
cations to the extraordinary mortality which occurs among the alewives
in Lake Ortario during every spring and summer, and which also, to
some extent, affects other common fishes in the same waters. The cause
of this annual epidemic has never been determined; it has a widespread
distribution, and the number of dead and dying fishes which are often
cast upon the shores in some places is se great as to occasion much
inconvenience to residents and summer visitors from the unpleasant
odors arising from the decaying bodies. Mr. C. H. Strowger, of Nine-
Mile Point, near Webster, N. Y., has paid a great deal of attention to
this phenomenon, and the Fish Commission is indebted to him for much
information respecting it, as well as for specimens of the diseased fish.
In order to reach a more.complete understanding of the subject, Dr. R.
R. Gurley was dispatched to Lake Ontario in the early part of June,
1893, and remained there about a month, visiting Nine-Mile Point,
Wilson, Charlotte, and Cape Vincent. He spent the most of this time
at the place first mentioned, where laboratory accommodations were
supplied by Mr. Strowger, who also assisted Dr. Gurley personally in
his investigations.

From the statements of persons living along the shores of Lake
Ontario, the epidemic appears to begin in April, occasionally as early
as the latter part of March, reaches its maximum in May, and decreases
through June, although in some cases it may be found as late as August.
The May and June maximum of the epidemic coincides with the period
when the alewives are most abundant inshore. The diseased fish have
a patch of saprolegnia, usually from three-fourths of an inch to an inch
in diameter, 0n some parts of the body, but no other parasites were
found on any of the dead alewives examined. None of the vital organs
were affected by the fungus, the gills in particular always appearing
clear, and otherwise also the fish seemed to be in good condition. An
inflamed area was almost always noticed on the general surface of the
body under the patch, of saprolegnia, and very generally a sore or ulcer,
the scales in such places being loosened or detached. In some cases
the fungus appeared to have effected a lodgment in places where the

F. R. 93——4

50 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

surface of the body had been injured; in others the fungus seemed to
be primary and the sore or ulceration secondary, but it was impossible
to tell whether the fungus was causative or not. Numerous specimens
were preserved for future examination.

PROPOSED INQUIRIES BY SPECIAL TREASURY AGENT TO ALASKA.

In April, 1893, Mr. John K. Luttrell was appointed a special agent
of the Treasury Department, in accordance with the act of Congress
providing for the supervision of certain fishery interests in Alaska.
Although his services in this respect were not connected with the work
of the Fish Commission, Mr. Luttrell kindly offered to make collections
of fishes at the different places visited, and to conduct investigations
relative to the distribution and habits of the more important species.
He was accordingly supplied with a proper outfit for preserving speci-
mens and was given full instructions respecting those matters on which
information was especially desired. He left for the north during the
latter part of the fiscal veav.

COLLECTIONS, PREPARATION OF REPORTS, ETC.

No changes have been made since the last report in the laboratory
and other quarters occupied by this division in the:Central Station at
Washington. Very large collections have been received from the ves-
sels and field parties during the year, but undue crowding of the same
has been obviated by an arrangement with the United States National
Museum, whereby many of the specimens have been furnished benperey
storage-room at the latter place.

The study of certain parts of the collections, especially the fresh-,
water fishes, by Prof. B. W. Evermann, has progressed rapidly, and
some collections have also been placed in the hands of specialists out-
side of the Fish Commission staff for working up. The mollusks from
all sources have been turned over to Mr. William H. Dall, curator in
the National Museum, as fast as they were received. Arrangements
have also been made with Dr. Alex. Goes, of Kisa, Sweden, to report
upon the foraminifera from the dredgings of the steamer Albatross on
both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, and likewise with Prof. F. E.
Schulze, of Berlin, Germany, with respect to the siliceous sponges
from the same source. Prof. William E. Ritter, of the University of
California, has offered to study the collections of ascidians made by
the steamer Albatross in the North Pacific Ocean, and they will soon
be sent to him.

There has been transferred to the custody of the National Masenene a
very large quantity of specimens, representing both the reserve series
and duplicates of collections examined during the year. These consist
chiefly of fishes and marine invertebrates, but include also representa-
tives of many other groups, conspicuous among which are the skins

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 51

and bones of several species of Pinnipedia. Duplicate specimens of

marine invertebrates from the collections of the Fish Commission have

been supplied by the National Museum to the following institutions:

State Normal School, Oshkosh, Wis.; Clark University, Atlanta, Ga.;

Columbia College, Van Allstyne, Tex.; Grammar School, Salem, Mass.

Preparations were made during the year for illustrating the objects
and methods of work of this division, and the results so far accom-
plished by it, at the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago. The
exhibits were completed and transmitted in time for installation before
the opening day. As this subject will be reported upon in full by Dr.
Tarleton H. Bean, the representative of the Fish Commission at Chi-
cago, an account of the material displayed need not be given in this
connection.

The following reports from persons not in the employ of the Fish
Commission, but based partly upon materials from its collections, were
completed and submitted for publication during the year:

A review of the Sparoid Fishes of America and Europe. By David Starr Jordan and
Bert Fesler. Report U.S. Fish Comm. for 1889-91, pp. 421-544, plates 28-62.

On the Viviparous Fishes of the Pacific coast of North America, By Carl H. Eigen-
mann. Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. for 1892, pp. 381-478, plates 93-118.

The Genus Salpa, a Monograph, with fifty-seven plates. By William K. Brooks, with
a supplementary paper by Maynard M. Metcalf. Memoirs from the Biological
Laboratory of the Johns Hopkins University, 0, Baltimore, 1893. Two vol-
umes, quarto, text and plates.

Report on the Actin collected by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross
during the winter of 1887-1888. By J. Playfair MeMurrich. Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., xvi, pp. 119-216, plates 19-35, 1893.

Report on the Pteropods and Heteropods collected by the U.S. Fish Commission
steamer Albatross during the voyage from Norfolk, Va., to San Francisco, Cal.,
1887-1888. By James J]. Peck. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., Xv1, pp. 451-466, plates
53-55, 1893.

List of Diatomacee from a deep-sea dredging in the Atlantic Ocean off Delaware

Bay by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross. By Albert Mann. Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus., xvi, pp. 303-312, 1893.

REPORT OF THE DIVISION OF STATISTICS AND METHODS
OF THE FISHERIES.

By Hueu M. SMITH, Acting Assistant in Charge,

The report of the work of this division from July 1, 1892, to June 30,
1893, is respectfully submitted. Up to September 26, 1892, the division
was in charge of Capt. J. W. Collins; on that date, however, he was
relieved from duty, and I was designated as the acting assistant in
charge, and held that position at the close of the fiscal year.

On July 31, 1892, the work of the division was seriously affected by
the indefinite furlough of one field agent, two local agents, and two
clerks, owing to the reduction of 25 per cent in the appropriations for
this branch of the Commission. Under the provisions of the act mak-
ing appropriations for this Commission, permitting the transfer of 10
per cent of the allotment for general expenses, the Commissioner, by
November 1, was able to reinstate all the furloughed employés except
one clerk. The most important drawback occasioned by this tempor-
ary reduction in the force was the interruption in the work of the local
agents at Gloucester aid Boston, and the lapse of several months in
the otherwise continuous records running back for a number of years,
showing the daily receipts of fish at those important fishing ports. The
regular field inquiries and the office work were also retarded.

As in previous years, the force of the division was supplemented and
the work considerably aided by the temporary detail of persons from
other divisions. In June, 1893, Mr. E. F. Locke, custodian of the
Gloucester hatching station, was assigned to field duty in Gloucester
and vicinity in connection with the investigation of the New England
fisheries elsewhere alluded to. Mr. A. B. Alexander, fishery expert on
the Albatross, was detached from the vessel at San Francisco, Cal., in
February, and entered on shore work for this division in that city and
vicinity.

INVESTIGATIONS OF THE COMMERCIAL FISHERIES.

The field inquiries conducted by the division during this year covered
an extensive territory maintaining fisheries of great prominence. Some
features of the work were more important and detailed than had previ-
ously been provided for. Major inquiries were carried on in the Middle
Atlantic, New England, and Pacific States, and the local agencies at
Gloucester and Boston were continued.

52

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 53

THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES.

The canvass of the statistics and methods of the fisheries of this
important coast section was begun in the previous year. By reference
to the report of the work of this division for 1891-92, it will be seen
that the entire Chesapeake Basin and the adjoining ocean shores of
Maryland and Virginia were then covered, leaving for future inquiry
the States of New York, New Jersey, and those parts of Pennsylvania
and Delaware not drained by the tributaries of the Chesapeake. The
field work in this region began in August, 1892, and was the first under-
taken in the fiscal year. The regular canvass was completed by April,
but some special inquiries in the region were made as late as June,
1893.

The investigation of the fisheries of the entire State of New York
was conducted by Mr. E. E. Race, with the exceptions to be noted later.
The inquiry began at the eastern end of Long Island, included both
shores of the island, was extended to Manhattan Island, Staten Island,
and that part of the State on the north side of Long Island Sound, and
embraced the Hudson River as far up as Stillwater, in Saratoga County,
about 17 miles above Troy. In the vicinity of Greenport, at the east-
ern end of Long Island, the writer codperated with Mr. Race for a short
time in August. The collection of data showing the extent of the
wholesale fish and oyster trades of New York City was undertaken by
Mr. W. A. Wilcox, who also made a supplementary visit to a part of
Westchester County. An important feature of the canvass of this
State was the thorough investigation of the Hudson River to the limits
0: commercial fishing. The fisheries of this river had never before
been completely covered in the statistical inquiries of the Commission.
Extensive shad, striped bass, perch, and other fisheries were found to
exist in the upper river, and valuable notes concerning the occurrence
of the Atlantic salmon were obtained.

The coast and river fisheries of New Jersey were studied by Mr. Ans-
ley Hall, Mr. E. E. Race, and the writer. The parts of the State visited
by Mr. Hall included the New Jersey side of the Hudson River, the
northern coast within Sandy Hook, the eastern coast betweeen Shark
River and Cape May, and the shores of Delaware Bay. Mr. Race can-
vassed the New Jersey shores of Delaware River from its mouth to
Shawnee, in Monroe County, Pa., about 6 miles above Delaware Water
Gap. The coast of Monmouth County, between Atlantic Highlands and
Shark River, was visited by the writer, who, in addition to a regular
canvass of the fishing industry, made a special study of the important
pound-net fishery of that section.

That part of Pennsylvania above Philadelphia bordering on the Dela-
ware River was visited by Mr. Race, in conjunction with the canvass of
the New Jersey side of the river. The remainder of the river front of
the State was covered by Mr. C. H. Stevenson.

The fisheries of Delaware prosecuted on the ocean side of the State
and on Delaware River and Bay were investigated by Mr. Stevenson.

.

54 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

The inquiry in this region placed the Commission in possession of
statistical data, for the years 1889 to 1891 and in part for 1892, showing
in detail the extent of the valuable fishery interests of the States and
regions named. The two most prominent shad rivers in the country
were thoroughly canvassed. The oyster industry here is second in
extent and value only to that of the Chesapeake. Other branches of
special interest or prominence are the bluefish, sea-bass, sturgeon,
weakfish, and striped-bass fisheries, and the menhaden industry.

The inquiry disclosed the fact that the number of persons engaged in
the fishing industry of the section in 1891 was 26,313, of whom 5,022
were vessel fishermen, 18,308 were shore or boat fishermen, and 2,983
were shore hands.

The capital invested in the business was $8,839,250. Over 1,300
vessels, with a tonnage of 20,142, valued with their outfits at $1,909,783,
were employed in various capacities in these fisheries. The small boats
used in the shore fisheries numbered 13,321 and had a value of $839,301.
The apparatus of capture consisted of 989 seines, 451 pound nets, 12,048
gill nets, 10,936 fyke nets, and 22,468 pots, which, with other minor
apparatus, were valued at $861,631. Shore property and cash capital
representing an investment of $5,228,535 were devoted to the industry.

The yield of the fisheries amounted to 264,814,936 pounds, having a
first value of $8,890,163. The quantity mentioned includes only the net
weights of oysters, clams, and other mollusks. Two objects of fisheries
in this section are together worth over $5,000,000, namely, the oyster,
worth $4,582,711, and the quahog, or hard clam, worth $1,024,648, these
values representing 5,238,963 bushels and 1,000,058 bushels, respec-
tively. The next important product is the shad, of which 17,204,849
pounds, valued at $751,014, were taken. The catch of bluefish was
12,734,501 pounds, for which $501,175 was received. Menhaden rank
next to bluefish in value, although far exceeding all other fish combined
in quantity; over 125,000,000 pounds were secured, valued at $352,999.
The next important fishes and the value of the catch in 1891 were as
follows: Squeteague, $330,340; sea bass, $217,413; eels, $146,976; cod,
$115,922; flounders, $79,019; striped bass, $78,556; and alewives,
$63,152. The soft clam comes next to sea bass in value, the catch
being worth $153,591.

The following tables show for each State detailed statistics of the
fisheries. As elsewhere explained, the figures do not relate to those
parts of Pennsylvania and Delaware tributary to Chesapeake Bay,
which were covered by the statistics in the previous report of the
division :
Persons employed.

cp New New /|Pennsyl-| Dela-
Designation. York. | Jersey. | vania. ware, | Dotal.
inGyessel fisheries ; = 2.22225 «2s5e sence eaeeesee eee 2, 346 2, 218 353 105 5, 022
UieShore TiSHCYVIGS: = ~ciocice ee aslade hoes aeeoe emer 7, 858 7, 889 994 1, 567 18, 308
On)shore,in factories, etc. --..-.--22--------6--sa--=- 2, 042 532 289 120 2, 983
Pebbles} ae es ay Pe Wa ma Sa es See 12,246 | 10,639| 1,636| 1,792] 26,313

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 55
Vessels, boats, apparatus, and capital employed.
New York. New Jersey. | Pennsylvania.| Delaware. Total.
Designation. ed
No. | Value. | No. | Value. | No. | Value. | No. | Value.| No. | Value.
{ ——— aed
| |
WESEBIS:-<wcmie ascc ss 659 | $991,640 | 607 | $785,358 49 $107, 295 26 |$25, 490 | 1,341 |$1, 909, 783
Tonnage.......-- Qh 2 aailleaicc~ ease Lae AU ae eee 1220) |Soosme ces SLO) [eve eteicrie's Pa: oA Wea
SEs SM oot pci Stover stm 6,227 | 373,670 5,742 | 412,373 | 454 | 24,685 | 898 | 28,573 |13, 321 839, 301
Apparatus:
DOINeS 5. <b cane onic 327 75, 640 | 372 38, 022 93 | 16,080] 197] 9,813 989 139, 555
Pound nets, trap
nets, and weirs. 263 71,340 | 185 Dena fae e! apes ean 3 150 451 126, 860
Gill nets...--.... 6, 402 88,450 3, 983 129, 832 | 209 | 21,450 |1,454 | 33, 251 |12, 048 272, 933
Fyke DOU sense = 6, 246 55, 465 1, 692 18, 881 |2,476 | 4,914 | 522) 1,109 |10, 936 80, 369
MMOS Setere acne el se el=an 1b lye by eee Galt Baars | AP ili eter PAU tiles se 17, 394
Ltt eee Bao poceee 15, 898 17, 391 |4, 755 Be dsou pcm! ete te 1,815 884 |22, 468 23, 614
SPORTS feet soc 3, 489 3,728 | 216 404) | eciasis Lacon 170 85 | 3, 875 4,217
Dredges, rakes,
{ and tongs. ----- 13,719 | 119,912 6,690 68,210 | 164 5,035 | 353 | 2,632 |20,926 195, 789
Minor apparatus.|-..-...- PSY) Nene ABT | cca ee (Reet ans laeeeione DIS i eeeee ae 850
Shore and acces-
sory property..|------- 1 794,969". 2-1. A09; 561) |za oes | 448, 205 |.-...- Ot sOO Mere cee ee 2, 681, 035
ash Gapltalin<.-s<- | 2.00 |1, 679, 000 |eeeee- B38; 800) |oacns = 303, 750 | Santos Pe EN eee oe 2, 547, 500
j ROU AN e mretcte ete =| cies bios 5, 283, 200 | saliaar 2, 467, 865 |...... | 931, 865 }...... fee PAL Nee Sti ces 8, 839, 250
Products.
New York. New Jersey. Pennsylvania. Delaware.
Species. SS :
Pounds, | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
Alewives.........- 2,194,560 | $23,526 | 2,066,820 | $14, 260 |2, 331,775 [$13,449 | 776, 660 | $11,917
PE IADASS foc crs cac|siseesceeceas|locnescatees 9, 250 1, 166 6, 885 VSS Saictccimictseicll = mrreereteis
LG) eee SAE) ere OME RRC cell edie Soe BEE ee eee Reese el esoron osc race aos
837, 246 12, 988 230, 802 fae Eee Aa aaae a SSsbe Sho el lsoce ase
oe SER OO CORE OOO JEe sae Sate Sarees 2,000 |, - 160 300 73g Ree ame tarr ae cic
117, 180 5, 144 133, 824 8,265 | 127, 968 fc
2, 277, 458 89, 921 841, 011 265001 eae ors
Be SORTS aan CORO AICO 124, 240 Q80N Sse seen
1, 616, 213 97, 999 623, 280 38, 594 27,.225
1, 561, 696 45, 231 987, 895 So G20NN == Sancone
147, 730 3, 890 17, 940 G75) [Baca soe
157, 541 10, 792 33, 697 PAS hnscstiter ae
Bet OG Loree Gadeceanos 25, 117 PrimlGiil = yaar
104, 860,114 | 295,605 | 20, 670, 542 DELOTA Ne oo eos
160, 060 7, 878 88, 350 AOD T [rercicatersiaseit
88, 125 6, 329 693, 962 40, 758 10, 845
8, 215 740 19, 485 1, 904 975
350, 858 7, 016 25, 682 BOO esata tele
679, 180 35, 350 | 3,731,538 | 147,693 | 947,500
3,044,956 | 161,209 | 10,225,455 | 443,438 (2,491,775
19, 523 3, 500 26, 290 Hi eee eee oSod aes caste
101, 897 2, 022 7, 050 HGS | ese ce mae
Spanish mackerel. . 74, 836 Ti 255 78, 391 T2 G20 Peacme sae
Spots and croakers- 17, 501 700 106, 680 ANS Oe ee axoeahe
Squeteague...-.... 2 Soo oope dso | 6" 0025063.) ZOU BLO! baee mea coae
Striped bass..-....- 205, 449 21, 389 298, 164 43, 296 10,415 | 1,128 94,760 | 12,743
Sturgeon .....-.-.-. 30, 261 929 452, 630 10, 619 52, 700 640 |1,304,800 | 30,448
GOLA h a a =in= = 5 =: 25, 378 1, 545 56, 680 4, 008 35, 850 | 1,948 11, 050 501
PE AMUOR = nin = ain ow wie = 171,172 7, 618 99, 437 a eee ee lal ote tate avalos) sles 8, 000 | 320
PEOMCOMS ss. 50055 555 278, 400 10, 468 | 1, 400 AO eee Rete eerste cess |be eee s sete estes acre
Muher fish: 2....-% 5. 238, 741 8,178 317, 953 13, 541 64,430 | 3,324 2, 080 44
Refuse fish ........ 1,118, 913 GBS sete ee re eel SNe eee Pew Ne - Sie ee e mvaalonsa Stas fet it eee
Crabs, hard........ 435, 566 7, 589 230, 111 CBN AREER EA Basse oo poodconadd | eiosamse
raps, soft: ....-<--. 93, 500 3, 450 289, 500 SOSIBO HE owiearetetata! cieladisotecels 86,250 | 4,713
Crabs, king..... Sp asaade acon RGacsac ana 2,798, 980 Mg Obe lea nwaiiscc| eae cme > 740, 000 | 647
Sonny) 4 ee Se Ee eee coca eeooe 1, 200 GOONM Ss Jee ten (Steen reams eee (Saakeeas
Lobsters... ..------ 165, 093 15, 655 165, 664 AOS a miciclniototsige MNS mecca 8, 200 410
Wirnssels . -@&-.-2.-. 21, 000 900 6, 000 ODE [PSS seer a sel egeweteaie em oata atcha rete ale
DVStCIS oe 25 --- 2-0 18, 277, 434 |2, 748, 509 | 16, 114, 567 /1, 639, 648 |1, 183, 700 |124, 420 |1, 097,040 | 70, 134
IETS ee ose 1,505, 500 | 105, 891 827, 000 Te TO AE arava c\c/ave:| Maye tsiorete a |= -@/arelateta ere ata mietete ote
Quahogs......-.-... 4,4, 520)| 650,621 | 3,454,024 | 371, 933, | 5.22. ccelececnce 21, 920 2, 094
Scallops ........-.. 313, 042 EE Ne ete sr 8S) IRON Og ee noaaSrpiccl bShongisd sebsEdrar aocoqeshic
OMG ecco. sons noe. 40, 836 GS ph lecee= meee lee ee minister | came = meiem in| pyelopioere||eeselevimmiblniaiaiele sis
SSHOMB nets eases a 16, 766, 100 UERUOR el eaiséageecodlesacneeeade BaedeasonallbesenoBdl bectactecod oroadison
CED INIS tetra aicict t= mimi o cme olan winia,siaciato 3, 280 TOV Sere See hil ale a caete 11, 988 2, 190
PeSee ee caress |s- 5c c= sub esallascsacisuvelsesseccccrcs|eweccccctclsceccecese|-reccces 18, 000 1, 260
Rota ates «nse 170, 885, 022 |4, 817, 369 | 79, 116, 380 |3, 520, 057 |7, 291, 843 |802, 447 |7, 521, 691 | 250, 290

56 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Producis—Summary.
Species. Pounds. Value. Species. Pounds.

PAULO WAMEGS) atta mite eiaa eta is.= 7,369,815 | $63,152 || Squeteague ............. 10, 019, 946
Blac kiDAaSs eae sac eee ee 15, 635 1, 884 || Striped bass...-...-.-.--. 608, 788
IBlwehehts Jescias oe jeieleeiiscise 12, 734, 501 SOL L738 | PSUR SECON = oa a jaw oe nee 1, 840, 391
Butter-fish ........-..--.. 1, 068, 048 19; 570 || Suckers --..-- 128, 958
Carp - 2, 300 184 || Tautog....- 278, 609
Cattfisl 446, 232 23,186 || Tomcod -- 279, 800
(EIN Pa Seek ee ee BE 6 3,118,469 | 115,922 || Other fish... 623, 204
‘Drums seer tere 154, 240 1,360 |} Refuse fish...-.. 1, 118, 913
AMO Sis atte a areas aitaeretote 2,A90 2185 46 OT Gull Crabs} hardisss ss sscecea. 665, 677
MIOUNU GES ees ee Beenie 2,554, 591 WO O19r Oras aSOlib cen teysc emo 469, 250
iid dockeeee cates seeeces 165, 670 45654) Crabs) kim pee soe. sos ei 3, 538, 980
UGiNGI AH SESE cops akeacoas 192, 198 Tip hale} tiles labo ty Oe a ess Conese 1, 200
Misickeneliveanesianicicimi cet 25,117 A oLOn| I MUODStEUS teeme 2 ae ee eee 338, 957
Mienhadencerccn. ces 6 1257597" G56.) 8527999) | MaIisselsee- aos eemscie- ie 27, 000
Minlletyete eee ccs eee 287, 310 133/905) || Oysters’ -<--2------ 2-22. 36, 672, 741
PET CH see cinch secciecrcieleats 4 1, 028, 002 G249P3 ele Olan shes ae oc eee 2, 332, 500
Pike) 22h ois ceiwes weenie 52, 075 AVIQG a n@ UshOoS ieee a tame eee ee 8, 000, 464
SCH] Neesadececackgaedssane 376, 540 fS0 |Nscallopsss-enee=scsese see 313, 042
OaIDASS eee emacs ciemeieaeesr Dyo0s 218) AL eA oel | SO UIM comer eee eee as alates 40, 836
SNS) e Sa crcciioesscieteceenier 17, 204, 849 TSLS Ola SHENG Se waver cncetne sce 16, 766, 100
Sheepshead ............-- 45, 813 Cylon Ce LerrapimS eae cme ieia es 15, 268
SUG VOR CSaRSBab oes a3 108, 947 7B faye MMA Mob ot |e See SEN eee 18, 000
Spanish mackerel......-- 153, 227 19, 875 | |

Spots and croakers...-.--- 166, 641 7, 501 | Total eciseceeeeree 264, 814, 936

Value.

$330, 340
78, 556
42, 636

8, 002

11, 832
10,510
25, 087
2,733

17, 088
43, 543

8, 181
600

28, 528

1, 100

4, 582, 711
153, 591
1, 024, 648
48, 340

1, 633

15, 950

3, 264

1, 260

8, 890, 163

In the following table the quantities of certain products shown in
pounds in the foregoing table are reduced to the units by which they
are usually designated in commerce:

Items. New York. face ounce 1- Delaware.
Grabahardese2 ease eis oteeteres number..} 1,306, 698 690;:333)||Peceeee ba seo Seeceemecee.
Crabs sott jee oa= jackin sees doves: 280, 500 S68. 500) saseee ee 258, 750
(Orga se leaves § Be ee aR anos rise GoOwe* Ai cs ceten ere 1,399:,490i- 225 -c oeese 370, 000
MITES SOLS Ses ascii Caleta bushels. - 2,100 G00} sasieosieosoes ieee seals
OMSULCTSE se cones -isesicce es es een do 2,611,062 | 2,302, 081 169, 100 156, 720
@lams~ fae 2s ccs oeeeacsee ts eee doz... 150, 550 S200) ek oh es ees lee ees ares cea
QuaghOrsrecsenwiaccceeneee waeceeee do 565, 565 AS OS || yee cee ete 2, 740
NGAILOPS eet oe nis cin iss eee iaiateniers dos... GON565s tah esee eck eed eee eee eee ascii
HENS hese cceticitieiasis/seiseties icine ene doreee STZLS80M |e oct suice eaclacaoceece cee sen eiameseeels

Total.

1, 997, 031

Some interesting comparisons with 1880 may be made with the recently

collected data.

The large increase in the population of these States has

naturally resulted in an increase in the fishing industry. No accurate
comparison can be instituted in the case of Pennsylvania and Delaware,
owing to the absence of separate figures for the two drainage systems
of those States, but with New York and New Jersey a very Sui:

comparison is poseinle:

The fishing population of these two States has increased 10,321, of
5,902 and New Jersey 4,419. Considered
in the aggregate, the investment in fishing properties has nearly doubled.
In New York the number of vessels and boats has increased 3,076,
with a value of $311,425; in New Jersey, 1,694, worth $427,868. Among
the more prominent changes in the fishing apparatus, it may be noticed
that pound nets have come into much more general use and now con-
stitute one of the most conspicuous features of the fisheries, while in
1880 they were of littleimportance; the increase in the number operated
has been 373, or 500 per cent, the advance being marked in both States.

which number New York has

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES 57

This appears to have been largely at the expense of seines, the number
of which was reduced by over 1,200, mostly of small size and chiefly in
New York. Many more gill nets were found to be employed, the increase
amounting to 6,701, valued at $139,952, the expansion of this fishery
being due to the development of the shad and sturgeon fisheries in the
Hudson and Delaware rivers.

The outcome of the fishing industry presents a very gratifying
increase, which is participated in by many important products. The
aggregate augmentation in the value of the yield was $935,142, of
which $591,674 is to be credited to New York and $343,468 to New
Jersey. The catch of the following products among others has in-
creased: Alewives, bluefish, butter-fish, catfish, eels, flounders, mullet,
sea bass, shad, squeteague, sturgeon, tomcod, lobsters, quahogs, and
oysters. The following are taken in smaller quantities than formerly,
namely: Cod, mackerel, menhaden, scup, sheepshead, Spanish mack-
erel, striped bass, soft clams, crabs, and terrapin.

THE MACKEREL FISHERY.

In May and June, 1893, the field force was placed in the New Eng-
land States for the special purpose of making a detailed investigation
of the commercial aspects of the mackerel fishery. This inquiry was
in progress at the close of the fiscal year.

Owing to the great attention the mackerel has recently been receiv-
ing on account of the unprecedentedly long period of scarcity, it was
important for the purposes of the Commission, in order to afford the
best basis for determining the cause and extent of the scarcity, to have
accurate and detailed information relating to the various topics which
could be legitimately considered by this division. To facilitate the
collection of uniform data, provision was made for having the agents
obtain the statistics on two printed forms relating, respectively, to the
fisheries carried on with vessels and to those carried on from boats and
the shore.

For the vessel fishery the following information was obtained for
each vessel: Name of vessel, hailing port, rig, net tonnage, present
value, value of outfit, number and value of each kind of fishing appa-
ratus used, the number of crew specified by nativity and nationality,
the kinds, quantities, and value of bait canght by the vessel or pur-
chased in America or British provincial ports, the number of entries of
foreign ports and the expenditures therein for each purpose, the lay
of the crew, the quantity and value of each grade of mackerel taken in
each region with each kind of apparatus, the fishing season in each
region, the number of trips from each region and to each port, and the
kinds, quantities, and value of other fish taken with mackerel.

In the case of the shore and boat fisheries the information secured
for each proprietor-fisherman included the number and value of each
form of apparatus employed, the number and value of boats, the fishing
season, the number, nativity, and nationality of the fishermen, the wages

>

58 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

received, the kind, quantity, and value of bait utilized, and the quantity |
and value of each grade of mackerel taken with each appliance.

A special feature of the inquiry was the provision to obtain complete
figures showing, for fresh mackerel, the quantity and value of each
standard size of fish taken, and for salt fish the quality and grade of
the mackerel packed. While satisfactory figures relating to the differ-
ent grades of salt mackerel inspected in Massachusetts are available,
no attempts to obtain complete data for the grades of salt mackerel
packed in other States or for the various sizes of fish sold in a fresh |
condition were ever before made.

Owing to the importance of having statistical data for the mackerel
fishery covering each year of the “close-time” law, which took effect in
1888 and terminated in 1892, the inquiry was addressed to the years
1890, 1891, and 1892, information for the two earlier years having been |
previously obtained.

Some supplementary inquiries regarding mackerel were also insti-
tuted by the division, by securing the codperation of fishermen on
various parts of the coast in recording observations concerning the
mackerel during the fishing season of 1895. For this purpose blank
books of convenient size were prepared and distributed. They pro-
vided for a daily record of the number of extra large, large, medium, |
small, and tinker mackerel taken each day, a statement as to the nature |
of the weather, direction of the wind, ete. |

In the first week in April, 1893, the writer visited New Jersey for the
purpose of engaging for this inquiry the services of the pound-net
fishermen on the northern part of the coast of that State. This section |
is the most southern part of the United States coast on which mackerel
are regularly taken in considerable numbers with fixed apparatus. |
The fishermen who during the previous season had operated pound
nets were personally visited and the object of the inquiry explained to
them. They entered very heartily into the matter and agreed to record
the daily catch as requested.

Record books of a similar character were placed among the pound-
net and trap-net fishermen of the Massachusetts coast. The distribu-
tion was accomplished through Mr. F. IF’. Dimick, local agent at Boston, —
Mass. Fishermen at a number of points on the Maine and Virginia
coasts were also communicated with by mail and asked to record their
mackerel catch.

While it is not probable that all the fishermen receiving the blanks
will keep the records requested, there seems no reason to doubt that
some valuable information will thus be obtained.

In conjunction with his other duties, Mr. E. F. Locke carried on an
examination of the spawning condition of the mackerel taken in the
vicinity of Gloucester. His work on this subject continued until the
temporary withdrawal of the mackerel from that part of the coast and
the ending of the spawning season brought the work to a close.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. . 59

l THE NEW ENGLAND STATES.

, Advantage was taken of the presence in the field of the agents
| engaging in the canvass of the mackerel fishery, and investigations of
; a number of other important fisheries of the New England States
/ were undertaken. The time and force were not sufficient, however, to
‘permit a canvass of all the commercial fisheries of the region. The
study of these fisheries, like that of the mackerel fishery, was in
) progress at the close of the fiscal year.
The special branches of the industry which were made the subjects
) of inquiry and report were the whale, menhaden, herring, alewife, shad,
_ Salmon, smelt, lobster, oyster, clam, and scallop fisheries, sardine and
lobster canning, and the manufacture of oil and fertilizer from men-
haden. The statistics covering these fisheries were obtained in such
form as to exhibit the extent of each, regardless of duplications of
‘men and boats occasioned by their employment in more than one fish-
ery. Descriptive notes for all these branches were required wherever
changes in methods or conditions had occurred since the last inquiries,
/and especially detailed notes were called for on the lobster and a few
other fisheries.
Perhaps the most important of the fisheries the canvass of which
-was.undertaken is the lobster fishery. In my previous report attention
was drawn to the great economic value of the lobster, to the very
serious reduction in its abundance in recent years, and to the general
interest taken in this fishery, whose condition affects a numerous
population. As complete a study of the subject was planned as could
properly be carried on by this division, and the collection of a very
valuable mass of information is anticipated by the time the inquiry is
completed. In addition to securing the usual statistical data for per-
sons, boats, apparatus, catch, etc., the attention of the field agents was
‘directed to the following topics for investigation and report:
1. The changes in the methods of the lobster fishery since 1880 and in more recent
years.

2. The fishing season as compared with other years; the reasons for an extension
or shortening of the season; the extent and origin of the fishery during the winter
months.

3. The extent of the fishery during the molting season; the catch and destruction
of soft, unmarketable lobsters during that period.

4. The depth of water and the distance from the land at which lobsters are now
taken as compared with earlier years.

5. Comparison of the present and past average size of lobsters; the present limits
of size of marketable lobsters; the proportion of short lobsters to the total catch.

6. Marked changes in abundance of lobsters in a given locality in recent years and
the apparent reasons therefor.

7. The relation of the catch to the quantity and character of the apparatus used
and to the methods employed.

8. A study of the laws in force and their apparent effect on the size and abun-
dance of lobsters in a given locality; the efficiency of their enforcement and the
extent of their observance.

9. Consideration of the bait used in the lobster fishery—its source, nature, quan-
tity, and value, and the relative effectiveness of different kinds.

ib >

60 _ REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

10. The sentiment and experience of the fishermen on the questions of (a) close
season, (b) taking of small lobsters, (c) taking of molting lobsters, (d) effects of
canneries on abundance, (e) results of protection, etc.

11. The extent of the practice of impounding short, molting, or other lobsters;
the mortality among the impounded lobsters; the size and location of the pounds;
the object an:l results of the procedure.

12. The extent, methods, ete., of the lobster-canning industry.

The inquiry regarding the clam fishery included a consideration af
the extent of the bait business, one of the most important branche
of the fisheries on certain parts of the New England coast.

The oyster industry, which has great importance in Rhode Islan
and Connecticut and in places on the southern coast of Massachusetts,
was studied in detail, the inquiries being addressed to the extent of th
planting industry, the methods followed in the cultivation of oysters,
the sources and quantities of the seed oysters utilized, the areas o
bottom occupied for planting purposes, and other questions havin
practical relation to the industry.

Provision was made for canvassing in their entirety the fisheries o
that part of the coast of eastern Maine adjoining the Canadian province
of New Brunswick, in view of the pending consideration by the Inter-
national Fisheries Commission of the fisheries of the contiguous waters
of the United States and Canada. The branches here prosecuted are
the herring, lobster, salmon, alewife, and pollock fisheries, and sardine
and lobster canning.

THE PACIFIC STATES.

Coincident with the inauguration of the field canvass in the Middle
Atlantic States, the investigation of the fishing industry of the Pacific
States was undertaken. Mr. W. A. Wilcox, the agent who in 1888 and
1889 had conducted an inquiry regarding the fisheries of this section,
was again detailed for this work because of his extended acquaintance
with the fishing population and his wide experience with the fisheries
of the entire west coast. A report based on the previous inquiry was
printed as an appendix to the report of the Commissioner for 1888.

Mr. Wilcox left Washington August 10, 1892, and proceeded to
Portland, Oreg., with instructions to first canvass the Columbia River
and then visit such parts of the coast as circumstances or expediency
might require. It was important that the extensive salmon fishery of:
the Columbia, which was suspended by law on the 10th of August,
should receive attention before the fishermen had scattered and the
canneries had finally closed, and while the memory of the principal)
phases of the season’s work was fresh in the minds of the canners and
fishermen. After the completion of the work on the Columbia River,
Portland was made headquarters while canvassing the fisheries of the
remaining parts of Oregon and Washington. The inquiry in those’
States was completed about the middle of December, and the agent’
then proceeded to San Francisco, Cal., where the investigation of that
State was inaugurated about December 20. The inquiry was completed |
on May 11, and Mr. Wilcox returned to Washington.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 61

‘ As in the previous canvass of this region, the work of Mr. Wilcox
‘as efficiently aided by Mr. A. B. Alexander, fishery expert on the
lbatross, who was detached from the ship at the beginning of Febru-
wey, 1893, and assisted in the investigations in California, He obtained
tatistics of the market fisheries of San Francisco, conducted the
anvass of Sonoma County and part of Santa Cruz County, and
(operated with Mr. Wilcox in the examination of the records of the
“astoms house and the transportation companies.

|The work of Mr. Wilcox and Mr. Alexander on this coast covered all
)hases of the fishing industry. Complete statistical and descriptive
iata were collected for the years 1889 to 1892, inclusive. In the case of
yartain fisheries in some localities which were visited before the close
if the fishing season, arrangement was made for having the informa-
von necessary to complete the account of the year’s work forwarded
y mail.
7 The details of the condition of the fisheries at the time of the inves-
(gation and comparisons with earlier years will be shown in the report
if Mr. Wilcox, from which the following condensed preliminary sta-
istics relating to the year 1892 are drawn:

Persons employed.
Designation. California. | Oregon. | Washington. | otal.
RMSE TING TI Se 35 alata 3 cal avn dais, vislciasininis.siola qavs sce emieis 1, 825 117 376 2,318
Gere and boat fishermen .......-.....cccececcsocccces 2, 968 2, 705 3, 082 8, 755
IEE tele ote ints e cisicainicAes cdecbcnivacesinecssasasecss 610 1,510 852 2, 972
y Pees Safe Aatin sns atdeicwede vin culladnaad Sec aut 5, 403 4, 332 4, 310 14, 045
f
(
4 Vessels, boats, apparatus, shore property, and cash capital employed.
6
p California. Oregon. Washington. Total.
Items. a
No. Value. No. Value. No. Value. No. Value.
()
“egsels Seance caccccoce 83 |$1, 284, 450 24 | $110, 695 51 | $148, 260 158 \$1, 543, 405
jZonnage..........-. 125436730) owes sane MBS near nee ebay weer were ay) a a
DEE ines cccccess 1,391 183, 520 154, 425 1,690 | 182,330 4,575 470, 275
ypparatus:
ut! Goerigapeeoadece 193 20, 985 12, 600 163 46, 725 388 80, 310
NWGall nets............ 2, 506 113, 121 212, 260 886 | 112, 600 4, 788 437, 981
(ound and trap nets |..........|-......---- 157 | 124,700 298, 100
|Paranzella nets..... 20 ; 3, 800
Reef nets i 500
[Saas é 48 3 5, 8 82, 304
‘Bag nets.. 5 z ‘ 40, 160
|Ryke nets... ..... 3 bee ne 980
| Dip nets uv 355
Trammel nets .....-. 7, 426
DEERME ise a tise. ||crctnahicce|aesete. ces 181, 852
[ee 203 283
Tongs, hoes, and
RID Sipe seo fe wince e| sac ccuidicss 4, 343
‘Other apparatus....|.......... 953 |.. : A Alar ORS 7 lowes eos 21, 320
WOre property .......|....--.... ' ane al ALT; 800 |. csccocs 1, 674, 270
i oo a 246, 000 FAGSFOODI/ pases cp ties 1, 595, 000
d BRR tera sale wisians|'s'acnie sais. 2 2,026, 746 |....-.. spe fe 1 Bese MDH on OO Nila aate walere/eie | 6, 392, 664

ts

62 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 1

Products.
California, Oregon. Washington. Total.
ee Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
NMICHOViICS ~ 21-5252 TO MTD: $1, 502 |.--- <2 5-25] one a eee eee cleene ence 150, 175 $1, 502
oe rracuda ...---.-- 326, 804 SPEER esos eser ind) |epcocdad |acopecdeSee||Sooncacc 326, 804 12, 530 |
IBODIWOnet eas scans 249, 332 Oe WN BBS eee ana See ssoos|peeoscederic|soc“ocs5 249, 332 9,400 |
Carpree--s2ss=ee-=- 65, 662 ON ee ceca||sesangsn|ee-esdsesotitescgose 65, 662 2,191
(Ohi Re. SeSsaasecoodn 2, 274, 565 RaesEe ees oosedecd|scHose as 539, 000 |#21, 560 2, 813, 565 78, 424
Cultus-cod ....-...- 230, 670 7, 070 26, 304 | $1,315 359, 000 6, 875 615, 974 15, 260 |
Flounders...---..-. 4, 225, 885 94, 180 10, 000 400 184,560 | 3,191 | 4,420, 445 97,771 |
ali bubosccs ocee see ceue cesta seenineer 18,870 | 1,787 | 1,410,500 | 29,140 | 1,429, 370 30, 927 |
ierrin asserts = 4, 486, 887 ie Teli) S265 -booosullseeapouS 617,112 | 6,817 | 5,103,999 62, 613 |
Mackerel....----.-- 350, 399 12 Clb} Rese enesaallSeassosollaeteaepese.cé \eeese5a5 350, 399 14,159 |
IPerechieete saccaeee = Sey NI/ MOSSE issoscoecoodasboorics 65, 140 1, 303 400, 257 12, 230 |
Rocksish =...’ -| 1,829, 657 51, 765 86, 115 4, 255 163,000) 4,515 2, 078, 772 60, 535
Salmoneeceasteese ce 4, 862,408 | 179, 031 21, 684, 211 551, 546 | 52, 083, 320 |1, 511, 577 |
Sardines - 752, 994 SSPE YAN ccecas aecod |soospocd bosenoreomelsspooacs 752, 994 15, 237 }
Sea bass.... =| 9251; TL2 9, 795 Pee ee neers SA Ane ease tit 257, 712 9, 795
Slab Mea Seaestoogoce | 526, 494 14, 372 103, 350 38, 183 738, 844 20, 825
ital i ieee seae peo Sas ay 919, 894 53, 469 321, 726 6, 158 2, 241, 620 59, 627
Striped bass. . 56, 209 (R7CEY ec ete odes SSeanoodlicotacnscces acjseremcle 56, 209 6, 488
Sturgeon....------- 718, 017 21, 854 543, 623 SNOT ea, MOOD 55, 612 }
Wi ellow- tail eeee ccc 354, 434 MERA eesceoecacc scadecod jsoodecusEs: (Gncscsoe 354, 434 13, 682
Otherifish=--=5--- 2, 257, 410 47, 360 55, 000 4,650 | 2,312,410 52, 010 |
Abalone meats and
Shell sees osm eos =e 404, 547 QUOI, Ada seectia alae Sac See lnmee ean eratete | olatoism store 404, 547 9, 351
Octopus and squid.| 374, 622 BARE) |Scaaceccand lecosemod nocsecoasenlotosccac 374, 622 29, 039 |
Clams ee asco cre 2, 496, 700 26, 882 49, 500 825 684, 000 5, 700 38, 230, 200 33, 407 |
Owstensss-----e-7— 15, 098, 700 698, 257 147, 000 3, 062 | 9, 895, 440 147,995 | 25,141, 140 849, 314 |
Mussels .-..-..----- 2, 880, 000 UP OUD eSectaoae te\lssoccusd|seroscecondlsstaosec 2, 880, 000 12, 000
@rabsteesen-sas-a- 2, 862, 320 102, 900 4,125 495 79, 000 3, 550 2, 945, 445 106, 945
(Gi MHS es Sok aacsos||Soassaséocdladoocc asco ZOOOOR |! SOU eristetarie citar) eratetertee 20, 000 3, 000 |
Shrimp and prawn.) 5,313,345 | 241,817 |..--...----|-------- 2, 000 500 | 5,315,345 | 242,317 |
Spiny lobster -....- 303, 275 ee CIR IEAR agees sae Sarde spellsooddo sHuad danppads 308, 275 8, 486 ©
Terrapins and
THAN becseaposoSe 45, 625 BrO5ON ae averse tece fatal oteterererersts 13,125 | 5,250 58, 750 13, 300 |
Hair-seal and sea-
lion pelts ........ 2, 267
Fur-seal pelts...-.- 5 167, 526 |.
Sea-otter pelts 36, 150 |.
WWihaleols scence. <2 1, 574, 843 62, 123 1, 574, 843 62, 123
Whalebone .-.-.-.. 197,339 | 937,371 197, 339 937, 371
PAUSES yenicc clase ems 28, 325 | 1,133 28, 325 1, 138
All other products. 28, 100 1, 967 37,500 | 2,350 | 65, 600 4,317 |
otal! s-osesee 57, 838, 466 3, 022, 991 |28, 521, 105 |872, 405 |36, 757,287 931,568 |123, 116, 858 |4, 826, 964
|

The oysters, clams, crabs, oil, etc., which have been reduced to the |
common unit of a pound in the preceding table, and the seal, otter, and |
other pelts, of which no number is given, are shown separately in the |
following table:

Items. California. | Oregon. | Washington.| Total.
Glan a See e Be a can oeiccicececees secteee eaten bushels. . 40, 470 825 11, 400 52, 695 |
Oi SIGHS) scebbsscanebbovecuobs cosesbeconoceeenocne do.... 178, 645 2, 450 164, 924 346, 019
IMIG SO] Sie cieiale slelale cists a: cise ec sieist= Srtenie ee siateleiets dozer CRB UUL) | Aecoseeccallooccopocacses¢ 48, 000
(CRATE Sc codis ehoReReeP obsr ane cepeacasesmpsace number.. 954, 107 1, 375 26, 333 981, 815
Hair-seal and sea-lion pelts..-.............----.- dozaee peo) |Sseeeeeece | = delaras eee 535
Murseal Peltsyss cies aoe sasisecicaannistite ce cieieSoace ele leece 14, 710 2, 945 9, 143 26, 798 ||
Sea-otter pelts..........- sie intalnlteais a seanaecesiek domes 235 13\| acemecestecess 248
aWihiale Ollera, Sa ects coi sate wisiseiciea lessee ies svete gallons.. 209:'979))|- ccceeSek sw ceececececes 209, 979 |

a Includes 17 live sea lions, which sold for $850.

Mr. Wilcox was able to obtain complete statistics of the salmon indus- |
try of Alaska, through the courtesy of packers whom he visited in San |
Francisco and other places. This information, with that relating to the
cod, whale, and fur-seal fisheries of that Territory, which are tributary |
to San Francisco, will permit the presentation of figures representing
the entire fishery industry of the Pacific Coast of the United States.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 63
INQUIRIES AT GLOUCESTER AND BOSTON, MASS.

_ The services of the local agents at these important fishing ports have
‘been continued. At Gloucester, the most prominent fishing port in the
United States, Capt. S. J. Martin has, as heretofore, rendered eminently
‘satisfactory service, notwithstanding the arduous duties and long hours
of work necessitated by the character of the fisheries and the nature of
‘the information obtained. The local agent at Boston, Mr. Frederick F.
‘Dimick, is better qualified than anyone else, by virtue of long experience
in the work, to represent the office at Boston, and his connection with
the Boston Fish Bureau enables the Commission to obtain his services at
;@ Salary not more than one-fourth that which would have to be paid
‘under other circumstances. ° Reference has elsewhere been made to the
furlough of these agents during August, September, and October, on
vaccount of a deficient appropriation. The loss of data for those months,
“while serious, has in part been made up through the voluntary efforts
jof the agents.

i -In the previous report of the division an outline of the character of
‘its work at Gloucester and Boston was given and its practical value
wwas shown. It need only be stated that the inquiries have continued
valong the same general lines, and that the information gathered is
ithe most complete, accurate, and valuable ever obtained regarding the
‘resources and productiveness of the various fishing-grounds resorted
ito by New England vessels.

at

t MINOR FIELD INQUIRIES.

* In August Mr. Edward E. Race, who was then in Maine on leave
of absence, was ordered to make an investigation of the menhaden
‘industry of that State. He visited all the factories in the eastern part
‘of the State engaged in making oil and fertilizer from the menhaden
‘and obtained detailed statistical information for the years 1890 and
‘k891. Few fisheries have attracted more attention in Maine than the
menhaden fishery; and the recent return of the fish to the waters of
Ithe State has caused a revival of the discussion which was suspended
‘during the period of ten years when menhaden were practically absent
‘from that coast.

‘In 1890 menhaden were very abundant on the Maine coast, and four
‘factories, located at Round Pond, Linnekin, and Boothbay Harbor, in
‘Lincoln County, were operated. These were valued at $21,000. The
number of shore employees was 306, to whom $38,640 was paid in wages
during the fishing season, extending from June to September. The cash
‘capital required to carry on the business was $95,000. The fish were
‘caught and supplied to factories by 9 fishing steamers carrying about
1200 men. The menhaden taken and utilized at the factories amounted
‘to 302,700 barrels, equivalent to about 89,550,700 fish. From these the
‘following products were made: 1,059,000 gallons of oil, with a market
value of $264,750, and 10,930 tons of wet serap, or “chum,” valued at

64 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

$131,160. The fish were remarkably large and fat, 1,000 yielding about —
12 gallons of oil, on an average, and 8,200 making a ton of wet scrap.
The average nee of menhaden to a vessel in 1890 was about 33,633
barrels. Four steamers fishing for one factory averaged 43,750 Ne:
each.

The following year menhaden were less abundant than in 1890, and
the catch fell off over 50 per cent. Five factories, located at Booth-
bay, Linnekin, and Round Pond, were in operation. These were sup-
plied with raw material caught by a fleet of eight fishing steamers
temporarily withdrawn from Rhode Island. The number of persons
employed in the factories was 208, to whom $27,350 was paid in wages
during the season. The value of the works and their equipments was
$53,000, and $83,000 additional capital was required to conduct the
business. The number of menhaden utilized at the factories was
40,850,000, equivalent to 123,750 barrels; these had a value of $122,550,
or aie $1 per barrel. iicom these the folowing manufactured prod-
ucts were prepared: 299,300 gallons of oil, with a market value of
$74,825; 1,800 tons of dry scrap, worth $36,000, and 4,250 tons of wet
scrap, valued at $50,760, the total value of the oil and scrap being
$161,585. It appears from these figures that the fish contained much
less fat than in 1890 and yielded less than 8 gallons of oil per 1,000 fish.

Mr. W. A. Wilcox made a short visit to Baltimore, in August, 1892,
for the purpose of securing certain information on oyster packing to
complete the report of his work in the Chesapeake basin during the
previous year.

In December, 1892, Mr. W. H. Abbott devoted about two weeks’
time to an examination of the fisheries of the eastern end of Lake
Erie, supplementing the work done in that section during the previous
year.

In April, 1893, a visit was made to Baltimore and Annapolis by Mr.
C. H. Stevenson, for the purpose of securing from official and private
records some special data on the oyster industry of Maryland.

THE INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES COMMISSION.

During the last month of the fiscal year the writer was absent from
Washington on duty connected with the work of the International
Fisheries Commission. The following orders from the Commissioner,
dated June 1, 1893, indicate in a general way the purpose of the Com-
mission and ke wr Hees connection therewith :

Mr. Richard Rathbun, assistant in charge of the Division of Scientific Inquiry,
having been appointed by the President as the representative of this Government in
the matter of conducting certain investigations in the waters contiguous to Canada
and the United States, as called for by the agreement of December 6, 1892, between
the United States and Great Britain, this work to be carried on siar etal by the
United States Fish Commission and the Department of Fisheries of Canada, you are
hereby detailed, at the request of Mr. Rathbun, to cooperate with and assist him in
the prosecution of theseinquiries. The plans for the work will be duly prepared by
Mr. Rathbun, and you will follow out such parts of them as he may desire. Youare

ee -

*%

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 65

hereby authorized to make such trips as may be necessary in connection with this
detail, but will at the same time maintain a close supervision over the office of your
division, returning to Washington from time to time, as occasion may require.

Pursuant to these instructions, on June 1 the writer accompanied
Mr. Rathbun to New York, where Dr. William Wakeham, the Canadian
commissioner, and Mr. R. N. Venning, his assistant, were met. The
party then proceeded to Boston, Woods Hole, Provincetown, North

Truro, Wellfleet, and Gloucester, interviewing the fishermen and anak-

ing observations on the fisheries, especially the mackerel fishery. On
June 23 the writer returned to Washington and remained there until
the close of the fiscal year.

Reference is elsewhere made to the inquiries of the field force of this
division addressed to some of the subjects covered by the investiga-
tions of the International Fisheries Commission.

REPORTS ON THE FISHERIES.

During the year the reports on the statistics and methods of the
fisheries issued by this Commission and emanating from this division
covered three coast sections having important fishery interests. One of
the Great Lakes, whose fisheries had recently received much attention,
was made the subject of a special paper, and a report dealing chiefly
with ichthyological matters, but containing many references to the
commercial fisheries of an important region in one of the South Atlantic
States, was presented. Following are the full titles of the papers and
brief synopses of their contents:

Report on the Fisheries of the New England States. (Bulletin, 1890.)

This is one of a series of papers emanating from this division, largely
statistical in their nature, in which the commercial fisheries of the
different seographical divisions of the coast and lake States are consid-
ered. The paper is based entirely on original field work of the division
alluded to ina previous report. In the scope and detail of the statistical
matter this article is more comprehensive than any paper hitherto issued
on the fisheries of the region.

This opportunity will be improved to call attention to an error of
some importance which appears in the printed report, but which was
discovered too late to secure its correction. In the tables for Massa-
chusetts the following figures are given for the number of fishermen
of different nationalities on the fishing vessels of the State: United
States, 7,911; British Provinces, 1,157; other countries, 1,692; total,
10,760. In Essex County, which includes the important city of Glou-
cester, the vessel fishermen shown in the tables number 5,729, of whom
5,133 are given as citizens of the United States, 298 of the British
Provinces, and 298 of other countries. Through a clerical error a
relatively small number of foreign fishermen was thus accredited to
Hssex County, the correct figures for which were 3,679 Americans,
1,368 British Provincials, and 682 other foreigners. The amended figures

F. R. 93

5

66 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

for the entire State are: 6,457 Americans, 2,227 British Provincials, and
2,076 other foreigners. The attention which the subject of the person-
nel of the United States fishing marine has from time to time received
makes it advisable to give prominence to this error and correction.

Report on an Investigation of the Fisheries of Lake Ontario. (Bulletin, 1890.)

This paper is based on an inquiry conducted by the writer in August
and. September, 1891, into the fisheries of Lake Ontario, and is pre-
liminary to an account of the fishing industry of this lake which will
appear in a general report on the entire Great Lakes basin. Owing to
the interest which attaches to the subject of the preservation, protec-
tion, and propagation of the fishes of the lake, it was thought proper
to expedite the publication of the results of the investigation.

A Statistical Report on the Fisheries of the Gulf States. (Bulletin, 1890.)

Of all the coastal regions of the United States none has been less
known as regards its fishery interests than the States bordering on the
Gulf of Mexico. No complete account of the fishing industry had been
printed for more than a decade, and the actual condition and needs of
the various branches of the fisheries, many of which are peculiar to
this section, were entirely unknown. This paper, based on investiga-
tions made in 1890-91, mentioned in the previous report of the division,
contains complete statistics of the fisheries of each State, together
with descriptive text and comparisons with 1880.

Report on the Fisheries of the South Atlantic States. (Bulletin, 1891.)

This paper contains a detailed statistical account of the important
coast and river fisheries of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia,
and eastern Florida, together with explanatory and descriptive text.
In a special chapter the fisheries are considered by river basins, and
full statistical data are presented for each important stream. The value
of the paper is enhanced by the addition of 82 plates representing all
the important and most of the rarer food-fishes of this region. The
basis for this report is an original field investigation carried on by this
division in 1890 and 1891.

Report on a Collection of Fishes from the Albemarle Region of North Carolina.
(Bulletin, 1891.)

This paper is based on an inquiry made during the last fiscal year and
outlined in my previous report on the division. The physical features
of the waters in which collections were made are described, the fish
found in the different localities are listed, and notes are given on their
habits, abundance, ete. While primarily a contribution to a knowledge
of the fish fauna of the region, much information regarding the com-—
mercial fishes is presented.

AS in previous years, a considerable amount of statistical and descrip-
tive matter has been specially prepared for State authorities and other
persons. In October a statistical and descriptive report on the fish-
eries of North Carolina, based on the field work of the division, was

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 67

prepared for the board of World’s Fair managers of that State. In
January tables showing the extent of the fisheries of Maryland and
Virginia were, by request, forwarded to Mr. S. G. Brock, chief of the
Bureau of Statistics of the Treasury Department. For Mr. J. B.
Baylor, of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, a statement
was prepared in December showing the output of the oyster fishery of
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and
eastern Florida. In November a series of very detailed tables cover-
ing the oyster industry of Maryland was forwarded to Mr. B. Howard
Haman, who had requested this information in behalf of the Baltimore
Board of Trade and the State bureau of labor statistics. Statistics of
the fisheries of Ohio were furnished to Hon. Daniel J. Ryan, of the
Ohio board of managers of the World’s Fair,in July. Numerous other
requests for data were also received, and complied with when the
interests of the office would permit.

NOTES ON COMMERCIAL FISH AND FISHERIES.

Continuing the practice which has been followed in previous reports
of the division, attention will be here drawn to some features of the
commercial fisheries which seem of sufficient interest and importance to
warrant mention. These notes have been furnished to the Commission
by its agents and correspondents or are suggested by the discus-
sions in the public prints. Among the branches referred to are the
mackerel fishery, the whale fishery, and snapper fishing on the Bank of
Campeche, the last named possessing great interest. Other fisheries
that attracted more or less attention during the year and are fully dis-
eussed in the regular reports of the Commission are the salmon fishery,
the fur-seal fishery, and the Pacific cod fishery.

POMPANO AND SPANISH MACKEREL IN CHESAPEAKE BAY.

The pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) is of constant occurrence in
the lower Chesapeake, but rarely appears in great abundance. The
bay represents the northern limit of commercial fishing for this fish.
In 1891 there was a remarkably numerous run of pompanoes in that
part of the bay adjacent to its mouth. According to Mr. J. KE. N.
Sterling, of Cape Charles City, Va., the catch with pound nets and
seines on the shores of Northampton County alone was between 20,000
and 25,000 pounds. The inquiries of the agents of the office disclosed
a yield of 93,760 pounds in the Chesapeake, with a value to the fisher-
men of $9,520. In the following year the catch was much less, the
Northampton County fishermen taking less than 5,000 pounds, according
to Mr. Sterling, although there was said to be a large quantity in the
bay which kept offshore out of reach of the nets.

The lower Chesapeake is now the most important fishing-ground
for Spanish mackerel, although its productiveness is much less than
formerly, owing, it is supposed, to the capture of large quantities of
fish prior to or during the spawning season. The principal part of the

:

tt ne

68 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

catch is taken with pound nets set on the two sides of the bay near its
mouth. According to the statements of Mr. Sterling, the yield in 1892
was but little more than half that of the previous season. The fish
were probably twice as large, however, as in 1891. As was the case
with the pompano, there appeared to be large schools of mackerel out
in the bay, but they did not come within reach of the nets. Mr. Ster-
ling states that nearly all the fish taken in the first part of the season,
or up to July 4 or 5, were fully ripe; and sometimes several hundred
would be brought in during a single day, all of which would contain
ripe spawn.

SNAPPER FISHING ON CAMPECHE BANK.

In the division report for 1892 mention was made of the preliminary
steps in the establishment of a fishery for red snappers and other fish
on Campeche Bank, lying about 600 miles off Galveston, in the Gulf of |
Mexico. The Galveston Fish Company, organized to prosecute the
fishery under the liberal regulations provided by the Mexican Govern-
ment, has furnished a history of the fishing operations, from which the
following account has been prepared:

During the year 1892 some experimental fishing was done with a view
to ascertain the probable yield of the fishing-grounds on Campeche
Bank. The success of the trials led to the establishment of a regular
fishery. Early in January, 1893, three welled-smacks were placed on
the bank, with headquarters at Alacran Reef; these were the schooners
Estella, of 36.64 tons, Caro Piper, of 28.32 tons, and Storm King, of
41.20 tons. These were manned by crews of 8 to 12 fishermen. A
steam vessel, carrying 11 men, was employed to transfer the catch
from the smacks to the distributing point.

The principal fishes taken were the red snapper (Lutjanus blackfordt),
the red grouper (Hpinephelus morio), the warsaw or black grouper (E.
nigritus), sometimes called jewfish, and the jewfish (Promicrops guasa),
also known as the warsaw and called junefish by the Galveston Fish-
ing Company. The red snappers greatly predominated in abundance,
constituting more than three-fourths of the catch. They weighed from
3to 20 pounds, large fish being verynumerous. The red groupers ranked
next tothe snappers in abundance. They weighed on an average above
8 pounds. Warsaws and jewfish constantly figured in the catch, but
were of little commercial value. They are large fish, and specimens
of the latter were taken weighing 300 pounds.

The fishing-grounds frequented by the vessels lay between Alacran
Reef and Arenas Cays. Fishing was done in water 40 to 60 fathoms
deep. The fish were taken with hand lines, baited with fresh red snap-
per or grouper caught on the grounds. At times they would bite at
almost anything, following the hook to the surface of the water, but on
other occasions they became more wary and would take only fresh bait,
Spanish mackerel being the most effective.

Re

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 69

Owing to the great depth from which the fish came, it was found
impossible to keep them alive in the shallow wells pending the arrival
of the steamer. Consequently, as soon as caught, they were packed
in ice whole and sent to Galveston in that condition. At Galveston
they were sold whole or dressed, as the customers desired. Krom that
place shipments were made in ice to Chicago, New York, and Denver.
The fish, delivered on board the cars or boats, brought 4 to 7 cents ¢
pound, varying with the condition in which sold.

Fish were very abundant at all times, and easily caught with the
proper bait. As many as 20,000 pounds were taken in one day by the
three smacks. Between January 21 and May 6 ten trips were made to
Galveston by the steamer, and 367,808 pounds of fish were landed from
the fishing-grounds, of which 321,056 pounds were red snappers, 41,412
pounds groupers, and 5,340 pounds other fish. The largest fare was
brought in April 1, consisting of 51,452 pounds, of which 46,418 pounds
were red snappers.

The dates and detailed figures for each trip are given in the follow-
ing table:

Table showing the quantities of fish caught on Campeche Bank, Gulf of Mexico, and landea
at Galveston, Tex., in 1893.

Red |

Date of trip. | snappers. Groupers. | Warsaws.| Jewfish. | ‘Total.
Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. | Pounds. Pounds.
RPA SR eijeec a ese pecencnapodesec | 26, 996 2, 700 200 100 29, 996
UTES 2 ee Sea oeeeseeerr ee sepeeen 40, 401 2, 950 200 150 43, 701
LING iSO tem ebsites oilman = nls ata =le 45, 079 3, 100 150 | 250 48, 579
ou Se ee ee ae ee eee 28, 806 8, 119 100 320 37, 345
MEMEO Sets wiciois S55 Sm aia a nic/S ose om ae doen a'aie 27, 587 4, 200 123 500 32, 410
MNPC TIE OD cis = 5505 saline ts Seine =csisemiecssce 26, 281 4, 500 200 280 31, 261
STH S30 BSE eee one ncmpermocrens 46, 418 4, 634 150 | 250 51, 452
PaEOe ees arn tec ae tao maaies fe sein 32, 946 5, 583 300 a 815 39, 644
(TEE OS ee eee ea 33, 243 3. 626 400 | 543 37, 812
UD Oi 25506 SGP Bb Soe Ber sigos Ge oe be ochae 506 13, 299 2, 000 200 | 109 15, 608
PRIUS tists steiefelevora nat idle = atcbet= ele eateries 321, 056 41, 412 2,023 | 3,317 367, 808
|

a Includes 415 pounds of ‘‘rock perch.”

As the season wore on the weather became so warm that it was
impossible to keep ice for the preservation of the fish, and the fishery
was discontinued. The following comments on the success of this
venture and additional notes on the fishery have been supplied by Mr.
F. A. Walthew, the president of the company:

No doubt our plan for bringing these fish to this market in large quantities would
be interesting, and I take pleasure in giving a short history of the venture, which
has, unfortunately, not proven a success financially.

We adopted, as we thought, one of the best plans for bringing large quantities of
fish here. We stationed at the Cay of Alacran three fishing smacks manned by 12
meneach. These smacks were supplied with sufficient ice to store the fish caught
during the steamer’s run from that point to Galveston and return. We thought in
this way that we could every week bring to this port not less than 40,000 pounds of
fish. Doubtiess we would have been successful in this had not circumstances been
against us and misfortunes overtaken us. The intense heat in that latitude and the
delay of the steamer in arriving there caused us to lose thousands of pounds of fish,
and necessarily detained the steamer until a sufficient quantity could be caught to
complete the cargo.

70 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

You will notice in our report that the steamer made only one trip in January, two
in February, three in March, and three in April. This was the best we were able to
do, and, although the fish are there in abundant quantities, the difficulty in catching
and bringing them to this market with the attending expenses made it impossible
for us to continue the business without a heavy loss. I do not know whether the
plan would have been a success under more favorable circumstances or not, but I
hardly think it would, as we found it a very difficult matter to obtain the services
of men who would remain there and fish.

The island of Alacran is situated about 500 miles due southeast from Galveston.
A concession to this island was granted us by the Mexican Government for five
years, for the purpose of storing fish and ice, transferring fish, etc., in fact, for any
purpose appertaining to the catching and handling of fish.

I beg to inform you that fish are there in an abundant supply, and are no trouble
to catch. I believe the Campeche Bank is the home and breeding-ground of the
deep-sea fish of the Gulf ot Mexico, and there is no time of the year when fish can
not be caught there, even when they have left all other banks on the coast of Texas
and Florida.

No doubt there is a vast unexplored field there, and enough fish could be caught
in one year to supply the entire United States. The fish were so numerous that they
frequently would come to the surface of the water and the sea be fairly alive with
red snappers and groupers. At such times they will snap at anything, but in
certain seasons they appear to become dainty and will only bite at fresh bait, Spanish
mackerel being their favorite.

TERRAPIN CULTURE.

The office is in receipt of numerous inquiries concerning the feasi-
bility and methods of terrapin culture. The increasing searcity of the
diamond-back terrapin (Malaclemmys palustris) in most of the States
of the Atlantic seaboard has resulted in attracting more attention to
this valuable product than was ever before given, and the necessity for
preserving the animal from extinction and of putting it on the market
at a price which, while remunerative, will, nevertheless, be reasonable,
has suggested to many people the desirability of attempting to resort
to artificial means for maintaining the supply. The almost fabulous
price now received for large terrapin is also a strong incentive, not only
to fishermen, but also to people of means, to engage in the industry.
Sixty dollars a dozen for “count” terrapins is not an unusual price in
the past few years, and it is thought by dealers and others that in a
short time, under present conditions of supply and demand, the price
will advance to a much higher figure. The substitution of inferior
kinds of terrapin has occurred, as might naturally be expected; the
principal substitute is a fresh-water species known as the red-bellied
terrapin or slider (Pseudemys rugosa).

The Fish Commission has made-no direct attempts to propagate ter-
rapin, but has, through its field agents, kept well informed concerning
the experiments of. private individuals, and has watched with interest
the results of their efforts. A number of correspondents in the Middle
and South Atlantic States have established terrapin farms, but suffi-
cient time has not yet elapsed to fully demonstrate the feasibility of
rearing terrapins for market from the egg.

a

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 71

The principal drawbacks in the artificial rearing of terrapin are the
extremely slow rate of growth of the animals and their failure to engage
in the reproductive process in captivity unless the conditions of water,
marsh, shore, and food are suitable. The eggs, once laid, are extremely
hardy and require no attention from the hands of the calturist, pro-
vided they are deposited in the proper place.

THE WHALE FISHERY.

Comparing the results of the whale fishery in 1892 with those in
recent years, it appears that the season was fairly successful. This
was, due in a large measure to the high prices commanded by the whale
products, the average value of whale and sperm oil being 424 and 674
cents per gallon, respectively, and that of bone $5.35 per pound.

The whaling fleet consisted of 95 vessels, of which 48 had head-
quarters at San Francisco, 33 at New Bedford, 7 at Provincetown, 1 at
Edgartown, 1 at Boston, and 1 at New London.

The catch in the Atlantic Ocean was about the same as in 1891, and
the season was considered satisfactory. The product consisted of 6,910
barrels of sperm oil, 1,775 barrels of whale oil, and 6,935 pounds of
bone, the whole having a value of $201,895. One vessel, the bark A.
hk. Tucker, of New Bedford, fished in Hudson Bay, taking 276 barrels
of oil and 4,000 pounds of bone.

The success of the vessels fishing out of San Francisco was marked,
and was chiefly due to the abundance of whales in the Arctic Ocean
about 300 miles east of Point Barrow, where only small catches had
been made for nearly twenty years. About the middle of August, the
fleet reached Point Barrow, thence 2 sailing and 9 steam vessels cruised
to the eastward, joining the steamer Mary D. Hume, which had spent
the winter at Herschel Island, in the mouth of the Mackenzie River.
Within about a month these vessels took 116 bowhead whales in this
region, and then sailed westward to join the remainder of the Arctic
fleet in the vicinity of Herald Island, where 90 additional whales were
obtained. Twenty-two vessels that cruised on the grounds off Kadiak
and Okhotsk Sea took 27 bowhead whales. The total number of whales
secured by the San Francisco fleet was 242. The oil and bone extracted
from these consisted of 11,610 barrels of whale oil, valued at $155,429;
1,845 barrels of sperm oil, valued at $39,230; and 362,950 pounds of
bone, valued at $1,941,783; the total stock of the west coast fleet being
$2,136,442,

The most prominent feature of the whale fishery prosecuted on the
Pacific coast was the conclusion of the voyage of the steamer Mary D.
Hume in 1892, after the most successful whaling trip on record. The
vessel sailed April 19, 1890, passed the winters of 1890-91 and 1891-92
in the ice at Herschel Island, and returned to San Francisco Septem-
ber 29, 1892. The vessel killed 12 whales in 1891 and 26 in 1892, which

hada value of about $400,000. The captain is reported to have shared
between $30,000 and $40,000, and each of the crew $1,800 or $2,000.

.

12 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
SOME RESULTS OF ACCLIMATIZATION.

The supply of shad on the Pacific Coast, to which attention has been
drawn in several reports of the Commission, continues to increase, and
the augmentation in the catch has been attended with such a marked
reduction in the price to the consumer that the fish has been placed
within the reach of every one, the retail value being much less than on
the Atlantic Coast. Within a few years the shad has thus not only
been acclimatized along the entire coast south of Alaska, but has become
one of the cheapest fish of the region. The inquiries of the Commission
disclosed a catch of over 700,000 pounds in 1892, having a value to the
fishermen of over $20,000. :

Over 50,000,000 shad fry have been planted in the streams of the
Mississippi Valley without producing any marked results. The waters
of this region are not so well adapted to shad as those of the Atlantic
and Pacific coasts; the rivers are usually extremely muddy and subject
to heavy freshets; the headwaters of the main streams are too remote
from salt water to permit the shad to make the annual migration which
occurs in the coast rivers; and except in the shorter rivers of the Gulf
Coast, the shad would have to remain permanently in the streams.
Instances of the capture of full-grown shad in some rivers of the Gulf
Coast have from time to time been recorded. Twoadditional references
may be mentioned: Under date of March 2, 1893, Mr. B. F. Sutter, of
Montgomery, Ala., wrote that he had a shad, taken in the Alabama
River, weighing 4,5; pounds; that the shad were planted in the river
about six years before and are growing very fast; and that they are
finely flavored fish. Mr. S.D. Ingram, of Pass Christian, Miss., stated
in a letter dated June 3, 1893, that some shad had been taken near that
place in the spring of that year.

The increase in striped bass in California is relatively as great as
that in shad. The fish is now one of the most highly esteemed products
of the west coast fisheries, and the high prices which prevailed a few
years ago have been so reduced by the larger catches that the fish is
generally available for food, although still ranging much above salmon
in value. The distribution of the striped bass is still restricted to Cali-
fornia. The yield in 1892 was about 50,000 pounds, valued at over
$6,000.

The following brief account of the history and results of the intro-
duction of shad and striped bass to the Pacific Coast was prepared by
the present writer, with the Commissioner’s approval, and printed in the
issue of Science for August 18, 1893. The catch shown, embodying
the preliminary returns, differs somewhat from the actual figures given
elsewhere:

FISH ACCLIMATIZATION ON THE PACIFIC COAST.

Few experiments in fish-culture have been ecomomically more important and suc-
cessful than those which have been conducted by the United States Fish Commission
with reference to the Pacific Coast. Coincident with the propagation of native fishes,
the introduction of non-indigenous species has been undertaken, with results that

sf

Pye

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 73

have been extremely gratifying to fish-culturists, and perhaps more striking than
any previously obtained in this or any other country.

Among the fishes inhabiting the rivers and coast waters of the Atlantic Slope, none
is better known, more important, and more highly esteemed than the shad (Clupea

sapidissima) and the striped bass or rockfish (Roceus lineatus), the former being a

food-fish, pure and simple, the latter combining a gamey disposition with excellent
food qualities. These fish are anadromous, entering the fresh water for the purpose
of spawning and passing a large part of the year at sea or in the salt water. Atten-
tion will be called to the experimental introduction of these fishes to the west coast,
although several other important food-fish, among them the black bass (Micropterus
salmoides) and catfish (Ameiurus nebulosus) might also be mentioned in this connection.

The introduction of shad fry to the west coast was first undertaken as long ago as
1871, when 12,000 young fish were deposited in the Sacramento River, under the
auspices of the California Fish Commission. After that the experiment was taken
up by the United States Fish Commission and carried on until 1886, during which
time 609,000 young shad were placed in the Sacramento River, 600,000 in the Willa
mette River, 300,000 in the Columbia River, and 10,000 in the Snake River.

Two or three years after the first fish were planted a few more or less mature
examples were obtained in the Sacramento River; as additional deposits were made,
the number of marketable fish began to increase, and the fish gradually distributed
themselves along the entire coast of the United States north of Monterey Bay, until
finally they have come to rank next to salmon in abundance among the river fishes
of the west coast.

The United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, in his annual report for
1887, speaking of the small plants of shad fry made in the Sacramento River at
Tehama, says:

From these slender colonies, aggregating less than 1 per cent of the number
now annually planted in our Atlantic Slope rivers, the shad have multiplied and
distributed themselves along 2,000 miles of coast, from the Golden Gate of California
to Vancouver Island in British Columbia. They are abundant in some of the rivers,
common in most of them, and occasional ones may be found everywhere in the
estuaries and bays of this long coast line.

Prior to our experiments on the west coast it was a dictum of fish-culture that
fish planted in a river would return to it when mature for the purpose of spawning.
The result of these experiments has been to demonstrate that this instinct of
nativity, should it really exist, is in this case dominated by other influences, which
have dispersed the shad planted in the Sacramento widely beyond the limits which
we had assigned to them, and in the most unexpected direction.

The cause is probably to be sought in the genial influences of the Japan current,
which brings the warmth of equatorial Asia to temper the extremes of Arctic
climate on the southern shore of the Alaskan Peninsula, and, thence sweeping to the
south, carries tropical heats to the latitude of San Francisco. Repelled on the one
hand by the low temperature of the great rivers and fringe of coast waters, and
solicited on the other by the equable and higher temperature of the Japan current,
the shad have become true nomads, and have broken tie bounds of the hydro-
graphic area to which we had supposed they would be restricted. Following the
track of the Asiatic current, and finding more congenial temperatures as they pro-
gress, it is not unreasonable to expect that some colonies will eventually reach the
coast of Asia and establish themselves in its great rivers.

Shad are now found in greatest numbers in the Sacramento and Columbia Rivers,
where they are of considerable economic value. Owing to the fact that very little
apparatus specially adapted to their capture is employed, no correct idea of their
actual abundance in a given stream can be formed. Nearly all the shad thus far
taken have been obtained in nets operated for salmon or other fish, shad being only
an incidental element inthe catch. The price received by the fishermen is a good
criterion of the abundance of the fish. When first taken, shad brought as much as
$1.20 apound; in 1892 the value in many places was only 2 cents a pound, and in the
Columbia River at one period the catch was so large and the price so low that the
fishermen did not go to the trouble of marketing the fish caught. The average price
on the coast has declined in the past four years from 10 cents per pound in 1889 to 4
cents in 1892.

74 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

An inquiry conducted by the United States Fish Commission in 1892 placed that
bureau in possession of information showing the extent of the shad fishery in every
river of the Pacific States. It was ascertained that in the year named 660,000 pounds
of shad were marketed, the value of the same to the fishermen being about $27,000.
Reports received during the present year indicate a catch of perhaps a million
pounds, and it seems reasonable to anticipate a steady increase in the production
with the improved facilities for shipment and the growing demand for fresh fish in
the rising towns adjacent to the coast rivers. A careful estimate places the total
value of the shad catch on the Pacific Coast to date at $145,000, representing over
3,000,000 pounds, while the aggregate outlay for all purposes connected with the
introduction of the fry was less than $4,000. This is certainly a satisfactory invest-
ment of the people’s money.

The absence of a special scientific inquiry precludes the possibility of chronicling
the changes which have probably been wrought in the habits of the shad as a result
of the changed physical surroundings, thermic conditions, enemies and food supply.
It may be noted, however, that the characteristic habit on the east coast of periodi-
cally ascending the rivers for the purpose of spawning, and of returning, after the
completion of that process, to the open sea, where the principal part of the life of
the fish is spent, appears to be considerably modified, in California, at least, where
in certain bays and estuaries the shad is found in greater or less abundance during
every month in the year. The evidence at hand indicates a condition prevailing in
the littoral and fluvial waters of the Pacific Coast that is very favorable to the growth
of the shad. It is not unusual to take examples considerably larger than any ever
seen in the eastern rivers. The average weight of the shad caught on the Atlantic
Coast is under 4 pounds, and the capture of fish weighing 7, 8, or 9 pounds is
extremely rare. In California, however, it is not uncommon to secure shad weighing
8 or 10 pounds, and reports have been made that 15-pound individuals have occa-
sionally been obtained in salmon nets.

Of scarcely less consequence than the actual results of shad introduction on the
west coast is the important bearing which the success of the experiment must have
in determining the outcome of artificial propagation in regions in which it is not
possible to distinguish with satisfactory accuracy the natural from the artificial con-
ditions. If these far-reaching, and no doubt permanent, results attend the planting,
on few occasions, of small numbers of fry in waters to which the fish are not indige-
nous, is it not permissible to assume that much more striking consequences must
follow the planting of enormous quantities of fry, year after year, in native waters?
There is no reasonable doubt that the perpetuation of the extensive shad fisheries In
most of the rivers of the Atlantic Coast has been accomplished entirely by artificial
propagation. On no other supposition can the maintenance and increase of the
aupply be accounted for.

The introduction of the striped bass was accomplished in 1879, when about 150
fish, a few inches long, taken in Shrewsbury River, New Jersey, were successfully
carried across the continent and deposited at the mouth of the Sacramento River by
an agent of the United States Fish Commission, cooperating with the California
commission. Six or seven months later an example 8 inches in length was reported
from Monterey Bay, 100 miles south of the locality where planted, and in eleven
months another specimen 124 inches long, and weighing 1 pound, was caught in San
Francisco Harbor. This very rapid growth indicated the special adaptability of
the waters of the region to this fish. In 1882 another plant, consisting of 300 fish,
was made in the same region by the California authorities. As a result of these
two small deposits, the species soon became distributed along the entire coast of
California; its occurrence, however, in the other States of the region has not yet
been determined. 7

The history of the striped bass is similar to that of the shad. It has attained
considerable commercial importance, has increased steadily and rapidly, and is
generally regarded as one of the best food-fishes of the coast. It has not yet attained
anything like the abundance of the shad, nor was this to have been expected from the

REPORT OF° COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 75

meager plants, but there seems to be no reason to doubt that it is only a question of
time when it will become one of the most prominent economic fishery products of
the region, as well as a favorite object of capture by sportsmen.

The largest quantities of striped bass are taken for market in San Francisco Bay
with seines and gill nets. The fish are found in greatest numbers between October
1 and February 15, but occur in some abundance at all seasons. Their average
weight is 8 or 10 pounds, but fish weighing 40 pounds are not scarce. ‘The estima-
tion in which they are held may be judged from the market value. In 1888 the
ruling price in San Francisco was #1 a pound; in 1892, owing to an increased pro-
duction, it had dropped to 124 cents. The catch in the latter year was about 43,000
pounds, for which the fishermen received $5,350. The aggregate yield to date may
be estimated at nearly 100,000 pounds, with a value at first hands of about $18,000.
The transportation of striped bass to the Pacific being undertaken conjointly with
that of a number of other fishes, it is probable that the proportional cost of intro-
duction was not more than a few hundred dollars.

THE MACKEREL FISHERY.

The chief interest centering in this fishery during the year 1892-93
depended on the great activity which at times characterized the opera-
tions of the fleet on the New England shore in 1892 and on the renewal
of the southern fishery in the spring of 1893.

The fishing season which terminated in the fall of 1892 was, on the
whole, the most successful since 1888. The number of vessels constitut-
ing the fleet was about 200. The catch of salt mackerel was reported
to be about 47,000 barrels, against 38,000 barrels the previous year.
The quantity of fresh mackerel taken was about 40,000 barrels. The
total value of the catch was about $1,000,000. Early in the season a
large body of fish was found on the Nova Scotia shore, and some profit-
able fares were landed from that region. Later, fish were found in
comparative abundance on the Maine coast, where the largest part of
the season’s catch was obtained. In August the fish disappeared from
that section and were absent during the whole of the following month.
Some good-sized fares were afterwards landed from Block Island. A
small fleet entered the Gulf of St. Lawrence; 15 vessels are reported
to have taken about 2,200 barrels of salt mackerel in that body of water.

After a lapse of five years the southern spring mackerel fishery was
resumed in 1893 and constituted one of the most interesting features of
the New England fishing industry during that year. The law which
prevented the prosecution of this fishery between 1888 and 1892, inclu-
Sive, was one of the very few legislative measures affecting the fisheries
which had been enacted by the United States Congress, and as such it
attracted much attention. The full text of the so-called close-time
mackerel law was as follows:

An act relating to the importing and landing of mackerel caught during the spawning season.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America
in Congress assembled, That for the period of five years from and after the first day of
March, eighteen hundred and eighty-eight, no mackerel, other than what is known
as Spanish mackerel, caught between the first day of March and the first day of June,
inclusive, of each year, shall be imported into the United States or landed upon
its shores: Provided, however, That nothing in this act shall be held to apply to

76 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

mackerel caught with hook and line from boats, and landed in said boats, or in traps
and weirs connected with the shore.

Src. 2. That section forty-three hundred and twenty-one of the Revised Statutes
is amended, for the period of five years aforesaid, so as to read before the last sen-
tence as follows: ‘ This license does not grant the right to fish for mackerel, other
than for what is known as Spanish mackerel, between the first day of March and the
first day of June, inclusive, of this year.” Or in lieu of the foregoing there shall
be inserted so much of said period of time as may remain unexpired under this act.

Src. 3. That the penalty for the violation or attemped violation ef this act shall
be forfeiture of license on the part of the vessel engaged in said violation, if a vessel
of this country, and the forfeiture to the United States, according to law, of the
mackerel imported or landed, or sought to be imported or landed.

Sec. 4. That all laws in conflict with this law are hereby repealed.

Approved, February 28, 1887.

On the approach of the usual time for starting on the southern cruise
for mackerel, a large fleet of vessels from Gloucester, Portland, and other
New England ports sailed for the grounds off the Virginia and Dela-
ware coasts, where fish were sighted in due time. Large schools were
reported from time to time, but they consisted mostly of small indi-
viduals which were turned loose when caught. A few vessels made
satisfactory fares which realized good prices and encouraged others to
continue the search for fish. The season closed, and the fishery passed
into history generally regarded as a failure. A few thousand barrels of
fresh mackerel were landed and a few hundred barrels of salt fish were
saved, but many of the vessels failed to secure any fish whatever, and
only a few paid expenses. The season was remarkable for the extremes
of sizes represented by the fish landed.» Some of the fares consisted of
fish that averaged considerably larger than had been taken south durmg
any recent years, while a cargo of 25 barrels of mackerel brought into
New York was made up of smaller fish than were ever before sold in
that market, 2,500 to 3,000 being required to fill a barrel.

THE NEW ENGLAND GROUND-FISH FISHERIES.

The important bank fisheries for cod, haddock, hake, cusk, and hali-
but were followed with the usual vigor during the year, and the catch,
on the whole, was fully up to the average in recent years, while the
price and demand were regarded as all that could be expected.

For several years the Grand Banks had shown a marked decrease in
the abundance of cod, resulting in many broken voyages and consider-
able pecuniary loss to fishermen and owners. A much smaller fleet
than usual was consequently sent out in 1892, and only about a dozen
vessels from Provincetown, Mass., and Bucksport, Me., in addition to
the comparatively large fleet from Gloucester, Mass., have represented
the United States on these banks. Contrary to the general expecta-
tion, in 1892 cod were again found in great abundance on the Grand
Banks. Nearly all of the Gloucester fleet made two trips, returning
each time with full fares, and the aggregate catch was larger than
during any year since 1887. Halibut were found in about their usual

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 7

numbers. While during the past three years there was a slight ten-
dency toward an increase in numbers, the fish are much scarcer than
they were eight or ten years ago.

Georges Bank, the most celebrated fishing-ground off the coast of
New England, continues to be the chief resort for the large fleets hail-
ing from Gloucester, Boston, Provincetown, and other ports, especially
those vessels engaged in supplying the increasing demand for fresh
salt-water fish. During the spring the catch of cod was light, but in
the fall the fish were more abundant. Haddock were more numerous
than for many years. Many vessels, returning after a few days’ fishing,
brought from 80,000 to 100,000 pounds of fresh fish, chiefly haddock.
The market was often overstocked with haddock, and the surplus had
to be cured.

A somewhat interesting phenomenon attended the operations of the
vessels frequenting Georges Bank. During the great abundance of
haddock on Georges Bank cod were very searce on the same grounds.
This, in the opinion of many fishermen, was owing to the habit of
throwing the offal overboard, thus covering the feeding-grounds and
driving the cod away, although why the haddock were not also affected
by the offal is not clear. During the scarcity of cod on Georges they

were unusually plentiful on Cashes Bank and Jeffreys Ledge, adjoining
' grounds.

REPORT ON THE PROPAGATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF
FOOD-FISHES.

By S. G. WortTH, Acting Assistant in Charge.

INTRODUCTION.

In the Report proper of the Commissioner, pp. 6 and 14, reference
may be found concerning the appointment of Dr. Tarleton H. Bean as
assistant in charge of the Division of Fish-Culture, and also Dr. Bean’s
subsequent appointment as United States Fish Commission represent-
ative at the World’s Columbian Exposition, Chicago, Ill. The per-
formance of duties incident to the Exposition caused Dr. Bean to be
absent from the Washington office after January 15.

Duties devolving upon the acting assistant, additional to those of the
office of the Division of Fish-Culture, consisted in the installation of
shad-hatching operations at Battery Island Station, the supervision of
Central and Bryan Point stations, the preparation of artificial fish eggs
for illustrating the hatching of eggs of a semi-buoyant and floating
nature at the World’s Fair, Chicago, the adaptation of a baggage car
for transporting fishes in water oxygenized on a new plan, namely, with
air circulation, and assisting the Commissioner in preparing for and
conducting his experiments for solving in advance the value of salt
water wholly artificial in character as the medium for exhibiting marine
animals and plants in a live state at Chicago. There was also large
expenditure of time and individual labor as a member of the civil
service board of examiners of the Fish Commission.

STATION OPERATIONS.

The stations operated during the year were:

Schoodic Station, Maine. Wytheville Station, Virginia.
Craig Brook Station, Maine. Put-in Bay Station, Ohio.
Green Lake Station, Maine. Northville Station, Michigan.
Gloucester Station, Massachusetts, Alpena Station, Michigan.
Woods Hole Station, Massachusetts. Duluth Station, Minnesota.
Delaware River Station (steamer Fish Quincy Station, Illinois.
Hawk). Neosho Station, Missouri.
Battery Island Station, Maryland. Leadville Station, Colorado,
Bryan Point Station, Maryland. Baird Station, California.
Central Station, Washington, D. C. Fort Gaston Station, California.
Fish Ponds, Washington, D. C. Clackamas Station, Oregon.

78

=

ci

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. fis
ScHoopic STATION, MAINE (CHARLES G. ATKINS, SUPERINTENDENT).

The fiscal year opened with 50,000 landlocked salmon in the rearing-
troughs, the hatching of the April preceding. The losses amounted in
July to 106 and in August to 1,546. Late in August about 48,000 were
liberated in Grand Lake andits outlet. In September all property was
stored, the services of employees discontinued, and subsequently such
part of the apparatus as was deemed of value transferred to the Craig
Brook Station, work being permanently stopped, and further operations

with the landlocked salmon conducted at Green Lake Station.

CraiG Brook STATION, MAINE (CHARLES G. ATKINS, SUPERINTENDENT),

Some minor but important constructions during thé year made this
station almost perfect for the hatching and rearing of salmonide.

Atlantic salmon.—The most important departure in fish-cultural
methods was in the disposition, widely apart on the lawn, of stands of
rearing-troughs fed by water of different origin, the object being to
prevent the recurrence of a wholesale spread of disease like that of the
preceding year, and, in the event of the reappearance of unfavorable

_ symptoms, to determine, if practicable, the underlying cause and the
- measures favorable to its eradication. No unfavorable developments

Peake,

occurring, the seat of former attacks remained undiscovered.
The collection of eggs was again effected, in cooperation with the
authorities of the State of Maine. There had been purchased in June,

1892, and confined in the inclosure at Dead Brook, 222 adult fish, of

which number 170 were available in October and November, 108 being
females. The result in eggs was 1,108,500, of which 1,025,000 were
alive in February when division was made, the portion of the Maine
commissioners being 565,000 and that of the United States 460,000;
of these latter, there were shipped as follows:

7 : Neo. of
Date To whom shipped. eges
Jan.25 1893..| E. B. Hodge, fish commissioner, Plymouth, N. H.............---..0.20.00.e00-0- 50, 000
Jan. 25, 1893..| F. Mather, superintendent, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y.-..--..---.-- Sate casemonete 75, 000
Feb. 16, 1893..) R. E. Follett, superintendent, Lime Rock, Conn .....:............---.------200 108, 000
Feb. 19, 1893..) United States Fish Commission Station, Green Lake, Me...................--- 10, 000

The remainder, 217,000, were applied to hatching and rearing. The
Maine commissioners being desirous of devoting a portion of their quota
of eggs to further stocking the Penobscot River, arrangements were
effected for developing and hatching at the station as many of their
stock as 200,000, they providing the additional labor and supplies requi-
site to meet the increased demands. These authorities subsequently
donated 84,000 fry to the United States.

Forty-three salmon, resulting from eggs taken November, 1887, yielded
in November, 1891, about 12,000 eggs, and in November, 1892, produced
about 23,000 eggs. As the parent fish from the fry stage had been
continuously held in fresh-water ponds of the station, thereby becoming

>

80 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

acclimated and successfully reproducing their kind, the experiment is
not without interest. A portion of the 23,000 eggs perished and 10,000
were shipped to the Green Lake Station, those remaining being applied
to hatching. The resulting fry, estimated at 5,000, were represented
by 2,000 survivors June 30,1893. Of the total of 2,010 surviving Atlan-
tic salmon on hand as fingerlings June 30, 1892, from the hatching of
305,000 eggs in April of that year, 1,100 were from eggs of the aceli-
mated parents, and of the 1,448 subsequently liberated in November,
696 were of this kind. At the date of the liberation referred to, as
many as 500 were remaining as a reserve, but these were reduced to
156 by the following June.

Landlocked salmon.—From fish reared 9,300 eggs were taken in
November, and from wild fish captured from Toddy Pond 4,200 were
secured. It is believed that the spawning fish in Toddy Pond were the
large ones liberated from the Craig Brook Station in the spring of
1892. Egg losses were rather large.

Brook trout.—Fourteen thousand eggs were taken from fish reared
in station ponds. The hatching is shown in tabular statement.

Rainbow trout.—The thirty adult fish held in ponds were reared at
the station, having been hatched in 1889 from eggs received from the
Northville Station, Michigan. In the spring of this year they, for the
first time, evinced a tendency to spawn, eggs being taken March 15
and 16 to the number of 10,000. The eggs were inferior, and during
the year there were seventeen deaths among the brood stock.

The statement below, based on close estimates, represents eggs of
various species employed in hatching, and shows the results up to.a
period when all except the rainbow trout were taking food:

a Results in fry.
A Number Z
Kind. ROE
°888- | Hatched.| May 31. | June 30.

|
PATH AM UIC SALMON «seme lee seis csteisinie = ciate elebeate leis lefeterecielavoterere ale 227,360 | 226, 800 | 7290, 000 257, 500
‘Atlantic salmon acclimatizedsa. os. -2-ceciteelem olen sms eee 3, 400 6, 800 5, 00 2, 000
TU ANOLOGKE Cas alm OFA eee ae mate eta se hater en ee aia eta oes ners alate 14, 000 11, 900 11, 000 7, 000
JEON CF WROTE TS Mamie acon ace mo ace 6 SCC n ab aon OSE OIG JOUR DODae 13, 600 13, 300 10, 000 9, 000
BEVAIM DOW LOU bac /aiajalc nteraeni=teiaininosie/niale stateterele)ate)= ste stpimi=ts ete teeter 10, 100 2, 000 1, 900 1, 000
HOUR Ba SacBeobeEonostepcccmedconacosemaatooseacthatecs 278, 400 260, 800 | 317,900 276, 500

a Increase effected by presentation, about June 1, of 84,000 by the Maine authorities.

In July the growing of fly larvee was resumed, these with chopped
meats comprising the food of the fish. Later in the summer experi-
mental trials were made in the capture of grasshoppers, to determine
their relative cost and food value, natural food having so far been found
most desirable.

Losses sustained in the preceding year, from the causes mentioned,
among fishes to be subjected to rearing, were so great that the numbers
remaining on hand at commencement of the year, July 1, 1892, were
comparatively small, as follows: Atlantic salmon, 2,010; landlocked
salmon, 19,538; brook trout, 39,531; whitefish, 442; total, 61,521. From
these, distribution of 52,713 was made, as follows:

7

“

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 81
Kind. Date. Number. Place.
Ey
Atlantic salmon ....... Woevember 1892. 2. c.esss nase 1,448 | Alamoosook Lake.
Landlocked salmon.-...| July, 1892 ..--....--.....---- 999 | Commodore Club, Hartland, Me.

Oe eae sickest relia e MGtobor Se Svc cc cc css 8,256 | Toddy Pond, Orland, Me.
10s SSE ERESROe eee arS BONO SOs ash esce ea cen ee maces 7,776 Do.

rook trout.-......---. yal eee eee Seas ~ tele 1,970 | Commodore Club, Hartland, Me.
DD SSeS eee October and November, 1892. 27,564 | Alamoosook Lake.
IGN aid erniate Saranac ANUALY, LOO0 5s ae cls-eas'ccs' <= 3,000 | Otter Creek, Proctor, Vt.
i A a ee HSPUUaAR yea SO Sewanee sais sve 500 | John McDonald, Amherst, Me.
LOO Se Sapa Saas Sea MamGh ees: occcis sce minteeisters 1,200 | Beaver Pond, Proctor, Vt.

Of older fishes of various kinds brought over, there were 433, in addi-

tion to 199 adult sea salmon purchased jointly with the Maine commis-

sioners from the Penobscot River catch, the latter having been confined
in the inclosure at Dead Brook to await maturing of their eggs in
November of this fiscal year, when they were mgnipulated and returned
to open waters. Besides 276,500 fish in process of rearing, shown in a
preceding table, there were on hand at the end of the year 242 wild
Atlantic salmon, purchased in June as prospective spawners, and also
those species enumerated in the subjoined statement:

== ks
Year when hatched.

Kind. |

© Q ; 1888 and

| 1892. 1891. 1890. 1889, 1888. 1889.

| |

SMPUREROS AN MOU Se aie ece de mec cctume onnaenatnece ee | 15Ghleseeeces SUF ose rae Boll Berebeccr
PREC Os SALMOND |= sa5,<')s)= aa.e = ce eae ane sqae esis nee Spee CA pepe DON pte a erellleievmrete aia 26
DEE TROT Ba ey a ee oe 1 | Sie i OS ba eee DS? || oc Shaw dra = sae
BPEMIRE UD ULO UL) = ia - Sic aaictejae cic aomncisn-e-ericice <0 Fees Roe ee es ae ene ry MSW oeeoacine baceacnon
PRM VON TEE OU: = cic <.se mne.c Swine oie wae wihc ie ale =jniniw' cle = eae ee a ee AOE eo. oes | en ones seaameere
0 LS ANU ac Bee Ag Enea p one CEOS tonne ecoseed| sea seaaa FDA Se cog) Go aeecb) onscpocce:
SIMEEG ED LLOUUS oo ceca cee ecee fers et cece Maecceee th Beas GBs |Peeecte cel Geboaces tcer clanedlacaee ciees
RSPR T STON Ga nite a) vis cies oe Sek colds 2 oe nies sae entctelae aces ATE Leen ges call Hoek ee peer ce] aeatieaerne
COLO re ae, eS SE ee ee ene Ses GER Rk ll eet ena A Soe Cnee cole |b meete een
White ents eee ee we mts a ee Re are ul a US) [Ce se pe eB SSS (S| ge me A Db tt
erp alee ae sk ee RMA V0 ie 0G 2 2 ying 2 220 shay 110 142 41 33 26

Meteorological data of the year is presented in condensed form below.
The water used at the hatching-house flows through a conduit having
connection with the brook at a point above the sources of the springs.
Pond B, referred to in table, being situated below the hatchery, receives
a mixture of brook and spring water. It is a small pond, which, till
May, 1893, accommodated the Atlantic salmon previously referred to
as having been acclimated. The north stand of rearing-troughs, out-
door situation, is fed from above the hatchery, receiving commingled
waters of brookand springs. Alamoosook Lake, a body of fresh water
about 5 miles long, on the bank of which the station is located, became

closed by ice formation December 12, and was not again open until May

1. On February 10 the ice measured 284 inches, and was crossed by

teams December 25 and April 8. Early in December exposed water
conduits were protected by a covering of hay, boards, and evergreen

brush, and toward the end of the month the two ice-houses were filled
from the lake. The observations on which the table is based were
made daily, at 7 a. m. and 2 p. m., omissions in June being incident to
shutting off water for repairs: i

FE. BR. 935——6 °

82 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Temperature, Fahrenheit.

: Precipita-
re Water. tion a
Month. ; Supply of north Sarl
Hatchery. Outlet of Pond B. stand troughs.

Max.| Min.| Av. |Max.| Min.|} Av. |Max.| Min.| Av. |Max.| Min.| Av. | Rain.|Snow.
Jilbysoanepse 91 53 | 70.8 74 | 58 67.4 72) | 55 63.5 67 54 | 59.8 164). 2e
August-...- 89 52 | 68.8 75 | 64 69.6 73 | 59 65. 2 68 56 | 62.2 43:5))|3-ooee
September 73 42 | 60.2 68 | 58 64.3 67 | 54 62 65 54 | 61.3 4.8) |.25 238
October... - - 68 26 | 45.5 60 | 47 53.5 59 | 46 52. 2 59 47 | 52.3 ae Wee
November -. 61) 18] 37.2 48 | 38 43.8 52 | 39 44.5 52 40 | 45,2) 4:20 )c5 2am
December - - 43 | — 6 | 20.6 40-|| 32.5 | 35 43 | 32.5 | 36.6 44 36 | 39 is 3.5
January ...-- 42) | —12.\ 13.0 30) 32.5 | 33.2 39))| 8225 | 847 40 35 | 36.4 2.6 lo
February - ADs) = Shs ae Bi) |) BPAGy SB} al 88 | 32.5 | 34 40 34 | 36 5) 32.5

iMiarch)-ek se 48 | — 4} 27.6 BN BP eo Rise! 42 | 32.5 | 36 42 34 | 37 Lee 2

JD LE peer 59 18 | 38.6 46 | 35 38.7 49 | 34 40 50 34 | 40 9 8
WEN oqcaoca= 81 | 39} 54.7 59 | 39 45.7 57 | 39 46 56 39 | 47.7 2.8 cece
OUNCE serc2 5s 84 BPA ie a esos) Seomiadl|>oe soo Seoocs Ne Shetetetel|sieisetete 64 | 50 | 58 2.10) |. eee

GREEN Lake SraTion, MaAIngE (H. H. Buck AND SEYMOUR BOWER, SUPERINTEN-
DENTS).

This station being new and incomplete, the year opened with improve-
ments in progress. Mr. H. H. Buck was in charge until August 31, his
resignation having been tendered in April, but remaining unacted upon
owing to delay attending the selection of an efficient successor. He
was followed by Seymour Bower, who was appointed from the foreman-
ship of the Put-in-Bay Station, Ohio, and arrived for duty September

12. Mr. Bower’s services, however, being solicited by the commissioners. —

of Michigan, he tendered his resignation May 8, in order to accept the
superintendency of the fish-cultural operations of that State. Owing
to the inconvenience of providing a competent successor, Mr. Bower’s
services were retained until June 30. On his departure affairs were
temporarily put under direction of the foreman, W. H. Munson.

Fry resulting from the April hatching and on hand at beginning of
the fiscal year, by estimate, were as follows: Landlocked salmon, 60,000;
Loch Leven trout, 16,000; Von Behr trout, 10,000; total, 86,000.

During July they underwent but little loss, but in August many
deaths occurred. In September active measures were instituted with
a view to checking the mortality. The changes were in the nature of
increasing the depth of water in the rearing-troughs from 2% to 4 inches,
daily cleaning with serub brushes and salt, increasing the flow of water
through troughs, and more systematic and careful feeding. The num-
bers, by count, in December were but 4,903 landlocked salmon, 1,805
Loch Leven trout, and 1,252 Von Behr trout. Subsequent losses were
trifling, there being but 14 dead removed in the four months following.
The maximum water temperature in July was 82° F., in August 709,
and in September 68°. During the four months’ period just referred
to there were no deaths among the 3,800 landlocked salmon hatched in
April, 1891, held in the reservoirs. On May 5 the fish of April, 1892,
were again counted and transferred from rearing-ponds to new earth
ponds, the numbers being, landlocked salmon, 4,656; Loch Leven trout,
1,688; Von Behr trout, 1,042; total, 7,386.

In April there were shipped alive to the World’s Fair by Car No. 3°
100 of each kind of trout and 300 of thesalmon; also, 200 of the salmon”

4

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 83

of 1891. Other specimens sent consisted of 9 wild adult brook trout,
4 wild adult salmon, and a small collection of smelt from Green Lake.

The only fish liberated, and these by accident, consisted of 500 of the
| younger salmon, which escaped into Green Lake November 16 through
‘the misplacement of a screen. On December 14 there were 19 small
German carp sent to the station by Dr. W. M. Haines, of Ellsworth,
and liberated in Great Brook, tributary to Green Lake.

Landlocked salmon.—The salmon of Green Lake, averaging 6 pounds
in weight, ordinarily spawn in the inflowing streams, but some pass
‘through the outlet and lay their eggs below in the waters of Reed
‘Branch, as was this year definitely proved. When the spawning period
arrives during the seasons of drought, the affluents being low, the fish
‘will not pass up, but remain in the lake. To induce them to ascend
Great Brook at such times it is necessary to resort to artificial flushing,
‘and there being facilities on the headwaters for accomplishing this,
‘success has been attained. Mountainy, the uppermost pond, 5 miles
‘distant, is used as the flushing reservoir, the system pursued consisting
in opening gates about 2 p. m., creating a large flow throughout the night.
‘The rainfall in September and October having been slight, there was by
‘November 1 barely sufficient water for this purpose and the station
proper. Great Brook was the only affluent affording adult fish, though
in October many were seen jumping near the mouths of other inlets.

Egg collections being wholly dependent on wild fish, arrangements
for capture were effected in September, at which time the slat traps
iin Great Brook were repaired, another obstruction being put in position
‘at the discharge of Mann Brook. Two others were located at the lower
end of the lake, one just inside, for the capture of outward-moving fish,
and the other in Reed Brook, about a mile below, for the capture of fish
ascending. Wire screens were, in November, placed in the gateways at
the discharge of the lake to prevent fish escaping. Before the screens
‘were inserted aS many as 100 young salmon from 6 to 10 inches long
ywere at one time seen below the dam.

The aggregate catch was 152, Great Brook furnishing 83 and the lake
outlet trap 69. Of the captures at Great Brook trap, 53 were females;
of those from the outlet of the lake, the females numbered 26. One
salmon bearing “No. 2” tag, attached in 1890, was taken. The first
capture,on September 27, consisted of two males and three females.
“On October 31 the first eggs of the season, 12,000 in number, were
‘obtained. The largest success at the outlet of the lake was November
4, when 14 fish were taken, 8 of the 9 females affording 22,000 eggs of
good quality. The most successful day was November 9, when 31,500
eggs were taken from fish held in the Great Brook traps. The last eggs
were taken November 23, and the next day all parent fish were set free
in the lake, the total of eggs for the season being 213,300. Aninspection

of the stream feeding Mountainy Pond was made in October, and also
that connecting Mountainy and Rocky ponds in November, to determine
the presence of available spawners, but no indications were found.

:

84 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

The eggs acquired were of superior quality, only 9,000 having been
discarded by December 31, when the outlines of the embryos were
clearly visible. It was anticipated that more than 200,000 would hatch,
but on January 15 an unexpected death rate was encountered and its
continuance for a month materially reduced the stock. A minute white
spot on the egg resulted, in the course of two days, in a growth of
fungus. The source of fatality is charged to careless handling in the
process of picking, when the eggs were exposed to the higher air tem-
perature of the room for unnecessarily long periods. On April 5 all
were carefully washed, picked, and spread evenly on 81 trays, and the
contents of several trays being ascertained by counting, the whole
number was found to be 166,000. Hatching was observed as early as
April 8, and at the end of the month no eggs remained. A subsequent
table indicates the success attending the stock in the fry stage.

Brook trout.—Egg collections were from wild fish taken from Wink-
empaugh Brook, a tributary of Branch Pond, 10 miles distant. On
October 19 two employees, provided with equipment for establishing a
trap to arrest the progress of ascending fish, were dispatched to the

‘scene. The trap was at once put in place, and eleven days after 1
male and 10 females were taken, from 5 of which, then ripe, 10,000
eggs were secured, these being delivered at the station the same day.
The weight of one of these fish was about 5 pounds. During one
night, about the middle of November, 54 female trout were taken. The
ineffective arrangement of the trap permitted nearly all male fish to
escape, and this, together with injuries sustained from the cutting of
minks and muskrats, and a sudden freshet, led to the unobstructed
passage of probably two-thirds of all fish ascending. There were 72
females captured, a portion of which escaped before their eggs were
stripped. The Winkempaugh trout are the genuine Salvelinus fonti-
nalis, ranging in weight from 2 to 5 pounds, and exhibiting brilliant
markings. The coliection of eggs amounted to 109,400, of which 8,500
were treated with milt of landlocked salmon without result. Besides
the above, a few unproductive eggs were acquired from fish captured in
the Great Brook traps. The eggs in development turned out poorly,
as a result of defective fertilization, the greater portion being discarded
by December, many of those remaining showing up as “ringers.”

Other trout eqggs.—Egegs additional to those already mentioned were
in the nature of express consignments, represented below:

Date. Kind. | Number. Whence derived.
Saneles| Atlantic salmon 225-2 osc ne cee eleraecnescme ss 10, 000 | Craig Brook Station, Maine.
2Bi-o!) W/Gnal De) oan ee cenconseerQtonsoenetecoedecesnS | 50, 000 Northville Station, Michigan.
Bosal Cla VOtro ut: eee eae canes Sire oe ne ren ers ee ereer reas | 50, 000 Do

2oen hoch evenstroul on. ot sce a et coe eee eee nae. | 30, 000 Do.

On arrival there were dead, of the first three kinds named, 8, 13,
and 16, respectively. A consignment of rainbow trout eggs arrived —
February 6 from Neosho Station, all having perished en route from
delay consequent upon a railroad accident.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 85

_ Fry.—All eggs were hatched in April and the fry were in good condi-
tion, except Atlantic salmon, and the parentage of this lot is mentioned
-under the heading of Green Lake Station. In order to accommodate
,and successfully care for the young fish in process of rearing, it was
‘necessary to erect, in advance of more permanent constructions, a
‘temporary outdoor stand containing 46 troughs. These, with 38 half
-hogsheads, arranged at the same point, and the interior troughs of the
‘hatchery, afforded 126 receptacles. The supply conduit, 7,050 feet
Jong, was ventilated by the removal of boards at more than 300 points,
and for still more complete aération 25 breakwaters were inserted. The
‘flow was increased to permit the employment of 15 to 25 gallons of
| water per minute to each trough and tub. Four temporary ponds, to
‘receive the waste of outdoor receptacles, were among the preparations.

Supplies of food, consisting principally of liver, were obtained at
| Bangor instead of Ellsworth at a reduced rate of cost. The older fry
‘began feeding May 12, all others following before the end of the month.

The approximate stock of fry May 31, with losses, is given below:

Percent-
Kind. ea Discarded. age of
Oss.
MPERIEM GI CCH TNO a= seicia ha cinis\alo el aicis sian'cis aie wise eiaie ws miuelale stcieim etaisiaierete le 164, 000 5, 937 3.4
MITA OTLU) ota aici esate eeisas se ieieiselbisjmn site me esnfein Rieke oie e alate mists o:2faje a apelin 6, 000 555 8.4
BIPISG HT UNOUb sacs ais mae). ane mcacs ccs cine ioc ticie cts genie aeiristle sale ass 49, 000 1, 412 2.8
EMPIRE ONG ee esata fo ons Aaa Saara, 2 fei emelaatho «2 tna omental 4 46, 000 2, 521 Sul
MPIC CI ULOU Gas sc aeiae cacmcenic ac tonic aiaciec secon encinste rele meee ai sz 29, 000 736 27
MEATEROMS ALIN GTi ae serciacte te neies we plas tare eins Oe Seth ale Dajaiurs, b vetelslnlalsi crate kalo s 8, 000 4, 389 35

The only material loss during June was through the instrumentality
of a parasite which attacked and destroyed the greater portion of the
| lake trout and a relatively smaller number of-salmon. <A report on

this subject, by S. G. Worth, contained the following:

The lake-trout fry in rearing-troughs, both outdoors and under shelter, were under-
going a higher rate of mortality than any other species, their bodies being dotted
with white spots. It had been found that the treatment with salt, termed ‘‘salt-
' ing,” had lowered the death rate, practically ending it, but no solution of the malady
"was given. My examination showed that the spots on an average were the size of a
- common fly speck, scattered irregularly over the bodies of the fish, on the foreheads,
| sides, tail, and fin bases, and even on the extremities of these appendages. The

spots were white with a tinge of blue, the blue being due, perhaps, to sky reflection.

' They were easily removed by a knife blade and came off immediately on contact with
cheesecloth hand-net.
The fish had been feeding poorly and at first I thought the spots were pimples
resulting from intestinal inflammation—in other words, an eruption. This surmise
was strengthened by the limp consistency of the pimples, some of which were
pointed at their apexes, the general appearance being that of mucus. Upon detach-
ing specimens they had the appearance of clabber (sour milk), and under a pocket
glass of low power I found irregular watery markings, occupying, in some specimens,

25 per cent of the area. Upon examining them patiently I discovered a movement

in one and later in another, and finally seven specimens on the pane of glass, as

if recovering from the shock incident to detachment, were all in motion, circling

around at the rate of one-eighth to one-fourth inch per second. Hence I inferred .

that the spots were animals, parasites, perhaps the larve of some insect.

>

86 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

It should be stated that, in the report just referred to, the statement
is made that in June Mr, Davis, fish-culturist at the Green Lake Station,
witnessed the killing of four landlocked salmon by a horse-leech in one
of the interior hatching-troughs, the deaths occurring within a few
minutes’ time. The fish of all kinds on hand June 30, the end of the
fiscal year, are represented in the statement below:

Hatched in the year—

Kind. e
1893. 1892, 1891.
Tandlocked:: salmon’ ....cssckaas acc aoe ahincineen bee easeecceme aeeinec = sae 164, 000 4, 656 3, 700
Brooktrout\s ase tas a ads arenes sibleutsce deetieeis ae menice aacereeeceeserncicmes 6000! | etic en ele eee
Wont Behr itrout sas. .< caa- seseccce conece ee cececeeute «et ater se uceaaetaaee 49, 000 | B04 ee rccremere
hochavevenktroultsa.5 soe tea ct eee cone ORE coe ee Oe oee Rea ee 29, 000 1688) i 2atcens
DL kerbrou te: ccisos wae is Sncte se ccind eo oe auc as Gein emealeee cleee aca ree eeeneaiee BOMOOO i ce orcas rectal eee
-Atlanticisalimonien j2,fchke pet oes oe SE ee Bt ee ee eke SHOOON eas eee ARS 6
Po bal eee $25 522A ok Socio sede co a aoe ee oe ee ee eee eee 236,000 | 7,386| 3,700

The station being about 4 miles from the railroad point, and the traps
at opposite ends of the lake being several miles apart, connection was
established by renting a small steam launch belonging to the Reed Pond
Land and Navigation Company. On the breaking of the launch’s shaft,
November 5, the station horse and small boats were used instead.

In December the air temperature on three or four mornings dropped
below zero, the water in the hatchery descending as low as 34° F., the
maximum for the month being 38°. An increased flow of water through
the supply conduit, as a general protection against freezing, caused
overflowings and the formation of heavy icicles upon trestlings where
the ravines are spanned, requiring at times much labor in cutting
away the accumulations. The first snow permitting sleighing fell Jan-
uary 10. Connection with the post-office was effected daily by sleigh
over the ice on Green Lake after January 5, continuing until late in
April, the ice being melted May 12, when steam-launch service was
resumed. The air temperature in January was as low as—14°, the
water in the hatchery ranging from 34° minimum to 36.5° maximum.
In February one snow-fall of 27 inches occurred. In that month a
temporary structure was stored with 25 tons of ice of 24-inch thickness.
The April water temperature was 37.5° minimum and 46° maximum.
When the ice broke up in the lake, May 6, the water rose above the
station wharf, but by the end of the month it had fallen over 2 feet.
The minimum hatchery temperature for May was 44°, maximum 64°,
average 54.59. Toward the end of the year negotiations were pending
for renting a larger boat for service on Green Lake.

GLOUCESTER STATION, MASSACHUSETTS (A. C. ADAMS, MASTER OF THE SCHOONER
GRAMPUS, IN CHARGE).

General overhauling of the station in preparation for the winter’s
operations commenced December 13, cold weather delaying this work
considerably, the supply pump not being in readiness until January 10.
The United States Fish Commission schooner Grampus, her crew acting

| aS Spawn-takers, was employed in making egg collections.

87

Fish being
scarce off Gloucester, the schooner was stationed the greater portion
of the time at Kittery Point, Maine, where regular supplies of eggs of

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES,

fair quality were obtained from January 13 to March 13. As usual, a

small run of codfish, available for spawn-taking purposes, appeared off
Gloucester in November, but fish were generally scarce here throughout

the season, the few eggs obtained being from the schooner Odd Fellow.
Early in January the upper harbor became filled with ice and the

weather was so intensely cold that the steam condenser, the waste from
which is employed to increase the water temperature, became inopera-
tive on account of ice formation in the pipes.

The collections from Kittery Point were obtained from vessels fishing
in Ipswich Bay, the price paid for good eggs being $5 per 1,000,000.
The collections were transferred to the station by messenger over the
railroad, the greater part arriving in good condition.

There were no eggs obtained except of the codfish, and the first ot
these were secured January 14. On that date the harbor temperature
was 31°, the warm water overflow from the steam condenser, available
at that time, increasing the temperature in the hatching-boxes by 3°.

‘The shipments from Kittery Point in January were 12,202,000, Febru-

ary 18,408,000, and March 29,200,000. The total number received was
51,584,000, of which 49,831,000 were good. The fry produced amounted
to 20,142,000, these being liberated in the waters adjacent, within a few
days after hatching. Operations by months are indicated below:

Eggs re- Fry pro-
ne ceived. | duced.
BRENDEN Berar et micte estan siajocio occ we since sacks eo tacenia sanubs ceteeeeheuaiecaen 11, 045, 000 5, 150, 000
SE SUIRID'2 2 cac case sae besae So Sc mr SanB Es Soc Cer One E came Cee et Some: Erne Asem ere 15, 019, 000 7, 328, 060
BeBe eee tetera castes cise ae sas deere oe ee siteicinwiacie daomisia acains saisiviwslog vices cisiee 23, 767, 000 7, 664, 000
PSO hei ieee ore epee een att aed oes Menem nee Ae ears Mi tt are ee ee Lota 49, 831,000 | 20, 142, 000

On April 13 there were also received 1,753,000 eggs, of which 1,195,000
remained on hand unhatched when the station was closed, these being
placed overboard.

This was a clear-water season until February 10, when a violent storm
occurred, filling the water with sediment. There was less uniformity
in the hatching of eggs and the fry were weaker than in the best
seasons. The poorer quality of hatching was attributed to the low water
temperature, which could not be controlled for the reason mentioned,
but the larger portion of the fry were active, and the poorer lots—those
which failed to straighten—were not included in the record of those
distributed. Onelot of eggs, February 16, consisting of 2,000,000, pro-
duced 76 per cent of fry.

Alcoholic collections of eggs and embryo fishes were prepared and
transferred to the general office for use at the World’s Fair. On April
17 the station was closed, Mr. HE. F. Locke, fish-culturist, being left in
charge of property.

88 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Woops HoLe STATION, MASSACHUSETTS (JOHN MAXWELL, SUPERINTENDENT).

Operations were on the usual basis, fish-cultural work consuming
about eight months of the year. A large amount of interesting and
valuable material, consisting of marine fishes, crustaceans, plants, etc.,
was collected April 1 to June 50 for transfer to the’aquarial exhibit at
Chicago. About 9,000 living animal forms were transferred, these
representing 40 species. The lobsters were crated in seaweed. Large
alcoholic collections were also made.

Codfish.—This was a poor season for hatching codfish. On October |
|

27 the Grampus was detailed to make collections of adult fish, but
between the date named and December 28 the total amounted to but 41.
In order that success might be secured, Mr. Vinal N. Edwards, the
collector at the Woods Hole Station, was sent out as pilot, but the
great draft of the Grampus prevented successful handling in shoal
water, where cod were most abundant. Numerous trips were made
to Block Island, Nantucket Shoals, and Browns Ledge, but fish were
too scarce to afford success. Eventually a contract was entered into
with private parties engaged in fishing, and by purchase 275 additional
fish were obtained, a total for the season of 316. On January 1 the
Grampus sailed for Gloucester, operating there the remainder of the
winter.

The total of eggs obtained was 2,883,000, taken December 13 to Jan- —

uary 5 from 20 fish. The fry produced amounted to 850,500, a fraction
over 29 per cent. It will be noted that this winter was one of unusual
severity, and on January 6 a sudden change in temperature reduced

the harbor water from 31° to 29°, causing the death of all adult codfish °

held in the inclosures awaiting the ripening of their eggs. The fish
thus killed amounted to 204, and operations were abruptly terminated.
Many of the fish in the harbor were killed, among them cunners,
tautog,andeels. The statement below represents the work with codfish
somewhat in detail:

Per cent
No. ofeggs| No. of fish owe
Date. ar eo of fish
taken. produced. produced.
ASCEND OT ae oie wlere rete siersiaclafatcwcia ia cccet wercine cee heehee eee ene 370, 900 175, 000 47
Deetelare iain cate eee miaudie eines we erm ciate ie eae eis peraie = ee eee 278, 200 Died Jan. 16 |--...--.-.
Bb dcah= bt eb pS Sane crins Deane Spahr Raabe ac ave eoOnee one 208, 400 Died ans 207 s- ences
tL se aocioebones aubEpLecuboseoue “scopcdcdaecasbeceasee cc 510, 000 225, 000 44
Diemer sae veces siecle cistaciie ae amtatelee Susie cee «ee are aieae 1, 066, 300 400, 000 37
Giree ceria a 2 adie Se teases cess. Oe celts ideas one esate 273, 900 50, 000 18
Ue saecea eee enact Pere as maar tee oe Ud ipl ss NEU Be 50. 000 DiedMebat |-eeeses
CLAIM ATS ea Gee erie ae ctapa tidal onmtols Aine <a ctarcideiee yatta pee easier cto 50, 000 Died Jjanj28 || -a5aee5
Lee OS COORCO LE OA GE rE Aso eSSr AS Abdo maticnotrincsuanedad 75, C00 Died Jians28! 2. eee

~

The eggs hatched in periods of 552 to 904 hours, in a temperature
varying from 31.25° to 33.75°.

Flatfish—Parent fish of this species not being obtainable in large
numbers, the amount of work done was limited. Only 17 spawning
fish were obtained, March 20 and 22, the eggs amounting to 461,000
and the fry to 288,000. The period of hatching ranged from 552 to 576
hours, in temperature of 37,5°.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 89

Lobster.—This was the most successful season of production, the oper-
ations extending from April 15 to June 22, affording 702 egg-lobsters,
from which were obtained 10,037,000 eggs. The former practice of
obtaining lobsters by the agency of the station employees was continued
only in part, 86 lobsters being secured in this way, the remaining 616
by purchase. The buying of egg-lobsters out of season was made pos-
sible by the regular appointment of the superintendent of the station
as a deputy for the enforcement of the fishery protective laws of the
State of Massachusetts. This appointment came through Hon. E. A.
Brackett, chairman of the board of commissioners of fish and game,
and authorized purchase by the United States Fish Commission, the
conditions being that all egg-lobsters should be returned alive to the
water after removal of eggs and while being held for manipulation they
should be kept in live cars bearing the names of the United States Fish
Commission and the fish commission of the State of Massachusetts,
The 86 lobsters captured by employees produced 895,000 eggs, the others
9,142,000. The young, liberated at the age of 24 to 48 hours, amounted

to 8,818,000. In addition to the above there were liberated in July,
1892, 1,100,000, hatched from eggs collected in June of the preceding
fiscal year.

The lobsters obtained by purchase were principally from the vicinity
of Gay Head, weights running from 4 to 94 pounds each, the price
paid to fishermen being 5, 8, and 10 cents per lobster. A statement
of operations by months, on a basis of 6,090 eggs to the fluid ounce, is
given below:

No. of Egg yield per individual.
Month. lobsters eee ao
stripped: |); 00 P Ne Greatest. | Smallest. | Average.
STIL AoA See Re See es tema Aer | 55 596, 000 18, 200 3, 045 10, 840
Ng orete Wemaaiu ne polio oss A dis sieeloaeaaateyS=| 207 2, 691, 000 39, 500 3, 045 12, 990
PRT E a asian oa ala ae a otarnaiela as cls aioe oceans. | 440 6, 750, 000 85, 200 3, 045 15, 340
| |

The time required for hatching under varying water temperatures is
indicated below:

ae
/ | No. of hours | Tempera-
ae | hatching. | ture.
PRS ee chine sla eas See b es samme tae eee palakmss ot Gaacatinn Sece cease ok Sle 46 to 56 hours | 51° tio 53°
MARU sea ae tattle ae aoe Rem cates caine a See ato ee sede ceinte ne seed 15 to 43 hours | 53° to 59°
JETT SoS Sec BO Bees ae ieee to ood eens SO MOe DORE ee eee tS ie Sen eee ener ee eee as | 59° to 66°

14 to 27 hours

Mackerel.—Only three spawning fish were obtained, these by station
employees, June 14. The yield of eggs was 434,500, which produced
368,000 fry. Ina temperature of 62° the eggs hatched in 77 hours.

Sea bass.—Only nine spawning fish were obtained, these being cap-
tured by station employeeson June 21. Theeggs, numbering 1,332,000,
hatched in 76 hours in a temperature of 63°, producing 1,189,000 fry.

In May and June investigations were made for the purpose of acquir-
ing a more complete knowledge of spawning habits of the menhaden.

>

90 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

The plantings of young fish of all species during the year were made
in neighboring waters, principally in Vineyard Sound.
The average temperature of water and its density were as follows:

Mean
Month. tempera- ee
ae density.
WMecember, 1892) Sa sic- sacisers wtemelaie/niaie cltomniatatate alee mre ietetafeteiatefl ia ceiataleeeiiiataieiatclas steiner 37.9 1. 0256
January, 1893... - 29.5 1. 0256
February, 1893. 29.4 1, 0258
March, 1893. . 32.7 1. 0256
April, 1893. .- 41 1. 0255
May, 1893....- 51.2 1. 0255
Asweits) NEBR Sabon docooe 61.2 1. 0255

CoLp SPRING HARBOR STATION, NEw YORK (FRED MATHER, SUPERINTENDENT).

The operations of this station had been jointly conducted by this
Commission and that of New York, of which latter it was the property.
The reduction made by Congress in the appropriations for the work
necessitated a curtailment of expenses, and the association of the two
commissions was discontinued with the close of July, 1892.

DELAWARE RIVER STATION (LIEUT. ROBERT PLATT, U.S. N., IN CHARGE).

In pursuance of the usual practice, the United States Fish Commis-
sion steamer Fish Hawk was employed in the propagation of shad on
the Delaware River. This steamer during the greater portion of the
year was occupied with special investigations concerning the oyster,
ete., but on May 12 arrived at Gloucester City, N. J., to take up shad
hatching. As in former years, the egg-collecting and the manipulation
necessary to development and hatching were conducted by the crew of
this steamer. The period of operations, May 15 to June 2, was rather
more brief than usual, and the number of eggs collected was relatively
small, as was the case aiso on the Susquehanna and Potomac rivers.
The aggregate obtained and the numbers from separate fisheries were:
Howell’s Cove fishery, 4,540,000; Faunce’s fishery, 3,751,000; Bennett’s
fishery, 2,117,000; Gloucester Point, 45,000; total, 10,453,000.

To obtain these, 233 shad were stripped, the average number of eggs
per fish reaching nearly 45,000. Between May 23 and June 7 the fry
were liberated, 1,573,000 being transferred to the Hudson River and
5,349,000 to the Delaware.

With the exception of May 23 to 26, the water was muddy. Temper-
ature for May, maximum 68°, minimum 59°, mean 63.83°; for June,
maximum 71°, minimum 67°, mean 68.20°,

On May 26 the eggs of a scale carp, obtained from the river, were
taken and placed in a universal hatching jar, the fry therefrom appear-
ing in 85 hours. The commercial fishermen at that time took quantities
of carp which sold readily on the shores at 8 cents per pound.

In March and April, just prior to taking up shad-hatching, the Fish
Hawk was engaged in the lower part of the Chesapeake Bay, capturing,
with beam-trawl] and otherwise, marine specimens, animal and vegetable,
for the Fish Commission aquarium, World’s Fair, Chicago.

cE

BATTERY ISLAND STATION, MARYLAND (W, DE C, RAVENEL, SUPERINTENDENT).

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

The superintendent having been assigned to temporary duty in con-
nection with the Columbian Exposition, the services of Mr. E. M. Rob-
inson, a former employee, were engaged for conducting shad operations
during April, May, and June. On April 25 spawn-takers entered the
field, but the extremely cold winter preceding caused the season to be
a backward one, and the water remained cool throughout the period of
operations. In addition to the low temperatures, freshets filled the
water with driftwood, fishermen being unable to operate much of the
time. The worst visitation by muddy water occurred May 6, which
was in the middle of the period when eggs are most abundant. As a
result of unfavorable conditions, collections were very light between
April 30 and May 10. Results are shown, by months, below:

Retained

Eggs Eggs Lost in Fry Per cent

Month. collected. iden tarrod. nan ran g. station. produced. | hatched.
BUST RR GE Beige eee eeeieeisrc 7, 707, 000 553,000 | 7,154,000 | 38,615,000 | 3,539, 000 49.4
OOO so 2S ateo ses GsageraaaBe 43, 341,000 | 2,695,000 | 40, 646,000 | 15, 678, 000 | 24, 968, 000 61.4
SPT Cm ane ci acisisrsiclaln/sin) wiata’e's ciel STO NOUG = s08 werebs paste 3,779,000 | 1,141,000 | 2, 638, 000 69.8
Total for season......... 54, 827,000 | 3, 248,000 | 51,579, 000 | 20, 434, 000 | 31, 145, 000 60.3

Of eggs shipped, 553,000 were transferred to Central Station by mes-
senger April 28, to be used in making up a shipment for the illustration
of hatching methods at the World’s Fair. There were shipped by car
No. 3, 1,708,000 for the waters of the Congaree River, South Carolina,
the eggs being hatched en route. An additional consignment of 987,000
was made by car No. 3 to Dighton, Mass., for streams there, the fry
-being hatched on the car. Low temperature of water prevented eggs
_ from developing in the time usually required, many remaining unhatched
for ten or twelve days, and the fry from such, being too weak for distant
transportation, were liberated in waters adjacent. Those so liberated
amounted to 10,874,000.

The water temperatures from April 25 to June 6, compiled from ob-
servations morning, noon, and night, are set forth below:

Month. Max Min Mean

ME Ee etna saci eee aini seine ants 2 crea alate a motata mainte siatere's, 21s aterm wisfatera(aiaip clots 54 42} 49.7
Fao EOC OTE GSE Soe a ae CE OIG TD op aI TAL emer UE NCE PN 70 51| 60.1
BUTEA eke oe eee ce eho ria Savers Gers Sets ce ae bree bichelaoicaielalaw’s suis aitlawiselale vee s'ew eine 75 64 | 69.5

It was noted that carp were very abundant in the waters, and sey-
eral reports of large numbers captured were brought in. On May 31
there was a capture of 2,700 pounds reported in a single haul of a seine.

On June 9 the temporary employees were dispensed with, operations
ceasing, and on June 26, property having been inventoried and stored,

the station was turned over to R, A. Davis, custodian.
.

92 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
BRYAN PoINT STATION, MARYLAND (S. G. WORTH, SUPERINTENDENT).

Preparations for the opening were made by Mr. L. G. Harron, super-
intendent of aquaria, but his services being required in connection with
the maintenance of aquaria at Chicago, he was ordered away early in
the season. rom that time the immediate supervision of the station
was under W.'T. Lindsey, custodian, the superintendent being detained
at the general office in Washington by temporary assignment.

The cold of the winter preceding was almost unprecedented, and a
poor fishing season followed. The running of ice in the Potomac
seriously damaged the temporary wharf, and it was necessary to rebuild
in the month of March. The river shore was not clear of ice until Feb-
ruary 9. Employees were again quartered in tents, furnished by the
courtesy of Gen. Albert Ordway, commanding the District of Columbia
militia. The tents were ready for occupation April 9. The adoption of
tent quarters became necessary on account of lack of buildings, but
their use during three consecutive seasons has demonstrated that they
are more desirable than one large building. Each tent aecommodates
two sleeping berths, and as the spawn-takers are usually paired off, and
come in from their work at all hours of the night, it is found that by
having sleeping quarters subdivided those who arrive early are less”
disturbed in sleep; moreover, from a sanitary standpoint it is found
that tents are greatly to be preferred. As the weather is sometimes
quite harsh during the shad-hatching season, even so late as in May,
the tents were provided with heating stoves made of sheet iron, which,
with the necessary piping and chimney pots, cost less than $2 each.
By using shavings and finely split wood the tents could be warmed and
made comfortable within two or three minutes’ time.

On May 6 occurred the most severe freshet since 1889. Prior to this
day the fishermen had a favorable outlook, the first gill fishermen:
having commenced operations as early as March 27, catching at that
time 12 fish at a drift, and on March 31 some capturing as many as 22
at a drift. The results, however, were poorer than in some years. The
seine operated by the Fish Commission was put overboard April 14, but,
like all other fisheries, it was rather unproductive of eggs. The total
results for the season were only 8,870,000. The eggs from all sources
between April 17 and May 22, are shown in the statement below:

Bry anseoint Seine: ses reecesce. + eee eee To ee eee 939, 000
Chapman seiner ssc st san so: Poe ee ee eae eons 958, 000
TMi Th te GUN yenh sneer eee eemerin es eet are RUM gS as ef 683, 000
Stony Ponti seine 2 = sce Sern oe en oes see ee ee eee eee 512, 000
GUUS Ie Te OT Sate Lee te a ee reels eer ae ee ee et 5, 778, 000

ft RY ET Deak ar eae eae cM ete ee ae ea i we nee 8, 870, 000

Following the practice inaugurated more than ten years ago, eggs
collected were transferred to Central Station, Washington, D. C., for
hatching, consignments being made in crates by the Mount Vernon
and Marshall Hall Steamboat Company’s line, the April shipments
amounting to 3,023,000, and those of May to 5,847,000.

In consequence of the poor success met with by commercial fisher-

ei “

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 93

men, operations were greatly reduced early in May, thereby bringing
the season to an early close, and there being no productive work for the
spawn-takers, two of the best-trained ones were transferred to Battery
Island Station, that collections there might be increased if possible.
Water temperatures during the collecting season were as follows:

Period. “Maxim, Minimum.|} Mean.

Degrees. Degrees. | Degrees.
ce CuI Ss seetind Sen esesencgnonAdesctmecadéoncedssrioe gbctrenoegreeTs 59 48 50. 2
May 1-22........--.- wasn cane ence ne come n nacre tc eeeensccenccees 66 52 59

\
A

CENTRAL STATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. (8S. G. WORTH, SUPERINTENDENT).

Following the assignment of the assistant in charge of the Division
of Fish-Culture as the representative of the Fish Commission at the
World’s Columbian Exposition, the superintendent of Central Station,
in addition to other duties, was temporarily placed in charge of the
office of the Division of Fish-Culture. The history of operations with
eggs handled is shown in the statement which follows:

Number ofeggs. No. of

fry fur-

Date Kind. W hence received. nished
Con- Received| Trans- | fordistri-

signed. alive. ferred. | bution.
Jie oC ea Rainbow trout..| Wytheville Station.-..... 15, 000 15, 000 15 O00F ae eee
Pais aictare as lim eta sie QO seebeeoesc|pacec CO et cnctiese set Oat ass | 10, 000 ONG97 |; seems 8, 662
At ae cee cress (Ce Soe cnetad Mesce MOee vse). 3s Seams lee 15, 900 15, 000 LB O00: ope serene ae
Diseaic cnt lacates (Viet Sena Neosho Station.......... 15, 000 JASGSG0l Rea oeeeee 12, 411
Dee <maye on Sie AO voce nes| obese GOs sees sense oer 17, 500 17, 500 Li 500i ieee eee.
Seed SE leer COn remiss || Sec OCOire tote sein eeeue 20, 000 POGOGO MS cel omardaters 17, 927
HGR ewes eile =< Caer ecoee Gane Cy sae OF ee er eres 29, 000 29, 000 ZOs0U0R Aaceeen ee
Ge steel che CC ae Ha DOneceme ae ee 23,000 | 23,000| 28,000 |.......---
PARSE 20 2 aateiate aie SHadiaes. face eee Battery Island Station. . 553,000 | 480,000 | 430,000 |..........
a 21 to May |..... GO’ siseviscmates Bryan “Point Station..... 18, 870, 000 |7, 874, 000 |1, 027, 000 | 5, 614, 000
9, 567, 500 |8, 447, 843 |1, 556, 500 | 5, 653, 000

The rainbow-trout eggs transferred were consigned as follows:

HEL aac Num-

Date. Consignee. aes
‘TS SI SS he a Emil Warner, consul of Switzerland, Havre, France..e-..........-.. 15, 000
2(Gini (ea aneee Op eae LOSES an SR TR GET Gee Ts EI pe dM OE Le ATs ee 15, 000
Odor Shel BIS eae R, T. Browning, fish commissioner, Qalkland (Mde epee steneetetaniaciateete 17, 500
J2G) 5 Peas oe | Lloyd W. Delawder, fish commissioner, Baltimere, Md.......-.-.... 29, 000
OG SORT ese oek 2s | sr. S. Fish Commission Station, Wythev ‘ile, Wistitate sts Sabts cso ree 23, 000

The shad eggs from Bryan Point Station, situated on the Potomac
River, opposite Mount Vernon, were conveyed to Washington daily,
by special messenger, who received them on the Mount Vernon steamer
at Marshall Hall wharf, where they were delivered by the steam launch
engaged in collecting. The first consignment, April 29, from Central
Station, consisted of 1,223,000, by car No. 2, for hatching in the fish-
cultural exhibit at Chicago, the shipment being made up in part from
553,000 eggs taken at the Battery Island Station. The second con-

94 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

signment of 234,000, by car No. 38, May 14, was for South Carolina |

streams at Columbia. May 1 to 9, there were transferred 1,444,000 fry,
the first of the season, to the fish ponds, Washington, D.C., the object
being, as in former years, to have them reared to fingerling size before
liberation.

The product of the United States fish ponds located in Washington,
D. C., reaches public streams and applicants through Central Station,
fish being consigned from the ponds as required, stored in tanks, and
subsequently counted and placed in vessels suitable for transportation.
Many are counted out in carload lots, sometimes placed in the tanks in
bulk, at other times in pails containing 25 to 150 fish each. Numbers
are also sent by express shipment to States nearest Washington. To
obviate complaints, indicating that fish were removed while in transit,
a system of sealing the pails was introduced. The method consisted in
passing a string through the handle supports and two small rings sol-
dered on the edges at points equally distant between the handles, when
the free ends were slipped through the openings in the lead seal. The
sealing was then effected by means of a hand press, in all essentials
the same as those used for sealing doors of railway cars. This method
was so favorably received that the order was made for presses for each
of three special cars and the Neosho and Wytheville stations.

A summary of operations with fingerling and Jarger fish is repre-
sented in the statement below:

Kind. | Whence derived. Number | Number
| received. | shipped.
Leather carp. 33, 629
Blue carp -.-. 2, 122
Scale carp... é 38, 741 | 72: 341
MATrOLICalp) === == 2
Spotted catfish........|....- (HO sadtasasddascuaese Sobnsd Saassoco CeebAoddencaodcs ss 1, 270 1, 285
Ren Cie seis acies stale eerste | ae eae GD sees bedooopbanucscocangords casos tipagcesendoendobasc 336 336
Golden tench..........]..-.- Gt) spenbadeaenonbouacS so obetoy sosecUopDHSagnedonosecac 20 20
Goldenide=. sp aaaesee's|222 5 OD scene eis ao aan moan D Otacnbaodoee abit JeédoveboouTeoaDONe 398 271
Goldfishe.ssccbeae eee escc GOs Bea BRRB pestade Apron de GSMaceoghDDOoOUUNGhOOdoOoL 9) 424s ease
IDDaecbcasondqoecetce Way alley Senn Ne Saco adaeoesod sonnac Gor cessereonsacan: 3,815 | 11,926
Blackipasseceesasces seeleeaats Gases kas eceodmas cencnocnpde cond joobocccsSsosancsas 463
IDE Scdaposatodsose Monineye SUMAN ees goc sree se stoSa555 soe seoogsSasasa se 25 34, 867
WWOsen eee cosas ce United States fish ponds, Washington, D, C..-.......... 34, 379
ING ko NEES sseecoadseone Wytheville! Station: =e se ccc eee leo ieee stares eee 950 787
Warmouth bass--.-.--- (Heat a SHAN HOMIES Hel SS Soo gn pCbonb ao oescosadoosuSSamaacSpe 227 227
Orap piers eee cscs sone leeece ee Cesena asoecbs pedacosaca ansam Meosoccscsdocusecsec 165 165
Rainbow trout........- Wa ulate alley SERA No oboe sont ooo no acSbesodaodcHonegsood 9, 784 9,111
Motalescecicecss Foy De onic bib t socioicns Gene be eles HERE RE eae ee eee 135, 774 | 131, 286

Among the improvements at the station was the introduction of
an American watchman’s time detector, with 12 stations distributed
throughout the general offices, aquaria, ete.

The superintendent was instructed, in 1889, to develop a scheme
for the production of artificial eggs, and more or less study was given
the subject from that time. ‘The question was satisfactorily determined,
and in the early part of the fiscal year covered by this report sup-
plies of eggs were prepared and shipped to the World’s Fair. The
method of producing them consists in passing resin through heated
tubes of metal, the falling drops being received below in water. It was

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 95

found that eggs, representative of the shad and whitefish, could be
closely imitated in roundness, size, and transparency. Those intended
to represent smaller eggs, as of the Spanish mackerel and codfish, were
produced by pouring melted resin through sieves from an elevation, the
falling particles being caught in water. The latter class had to be
screened to separate the different sizes, those made by means of tubes
being practically uniform. During some months attention was paid
almost wholly to the selection of substances which could be united to
produce a composition of required specific gravity for eggs semi-buoyant
and floating. Meantime the point of obtaining eggs of perfect roand-
ness was solved, and while yet looking to the regulation of the specific
eravity it was accidentally found that eggs of resin could be made to
represent any desired specific gravity by subjecting them to solutions
of salt water of relative densities. When this was ascertained it was
readily seen that both kinds were possible from the same material, the
brine for the semi-buoyant ones requiring to be weaker and for the
floating ones stronger.

Another duty devolving upon the superintendent was that of assist-

ing the Commissioner in preparing for and carrying out experiments
for determining the relative value of artificial salt water as the basis
of maintaining an exhibit of marine animals and plants at the Colum-
bian Exposition. As it was impracticable to devise satisfactory means —
for circulating the small quantity of water with which he was experi-
menting, it was necessary to adopt the alternative of oxygenizing the
water by means of air circulation. As long ago as October, 1888, while
the Ohio Valley Exposition at Cincinnati was occupying attention,
instructions were received from the Commissioner to establish a small
number of aquaria in the west end of the building and provide therefor
an air circulation. Attempts were then made to liberate air through
rubber tubing gashed with a knife or perforated with pin holes, but
without good results. Following this, tests were made with sections
of grapevine and other twigs selected from the mass of driftwood found
on the shores of the Potomac at the shad-egg station. Grapevine
gave tolerably fair results, but in time it was discarded, and Mr. W. P.
Seal, then in charge of the aquaria, adopted sponge, a crude alternative,
which, being cut into small pieces, was thrust into holes punched into
half-inch rubber tubing.

All former efforts to diffuse volumes of air through water in currents
sufficiently minute to effect ideal aération having failed, and the solu-
tion of the problem being dependent upon the application of air circu-
lation, active steps were taken to discover a material of the desired
porosity. Plugs were made in cross-section from various kinds of wood,
with the hope of finding one of suitable porosity. Mr. L. G. Harron
removed a dead branch from an American linden tree on the public
Mall, and it was just what was desired. From that day the question of
successful liberation of air in water, for our purposes, has been solved.

96 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Supplies of dead limbs from the linden tree are obtained from Massa-—
chusetts avenue and also on B street, SW., after heavy storms. Sub-
sequent trials with sycamore boughs were rather encouraging. The
newly acquired knowledge led to the adoption of air liberators in all of
the aquaria at Central Station, and formed the basis of the circulating
process adopted a few weeks later in the fourth special car added to the
distribution service. It also resulted in effecting the permanent intro-
duction of an air compressor, with small iron piping as a conduit, in
Central Station. Prior to this the aquaria had been supplied with air
by a crude method, described on pages 2 and 3, United States Fish
Commission Bulletin, 1890.

FisH PONDS, WASHINGTON, D. C. (RUDOLPH HESSEL, SUPERINTENDENT).

The product of this station consists of fingerling fish, there being
annually stored and reared in one or more of the ponds, additional to
the regular work, an average of 2,000,000 young shad, which are released
in the fall months when they have attained a length of 5 to 4 inches.
One of the difficulties met with here is in keeping down the growth of
vegetation in the ponds. Since the flood of May, 1889, its removal has
required the expenditure of a large amount of labor from May to Nov-
_ember. Men go overboard with mowing scythes and cut the plants
near the bottom, afterwards gathering with small boats and wooden
rakes for transfer to the shore. The great weight of this material makes
its removal laborious, even after placed on the banks; wheelbarrows
are employed in transferring it to portions of the grounds where it can
be put out of sight. In July probably 400 cart-loads were removed.
It is necessary each October to thoroughly remove the vegetation to
_afford free passage of fish from all parts of the ponds to the receivers,
‘otherwise the fish will not collect at the points desired, but scatter over
the areas and be lost under the growth.

The drawing off of ponds commenced November 21, when the sorting
and counting of fish was begun and continued for a period. The pond
containing black bass was drawn December 1, and the sorting and
counting occupied almost a week. Almost as quickly as ponds were
freed from the year’s production, it became necessary to take up their
cleaning and preparation for another year’s work, banks having been
injured and the trenches in the bottoms leading to the collectors being
filled with mud.

Carp.—The new pond, 5 acres area, being partitioned off, leather carp
were produced on one side and scale carp on the other. Two small
ponds, 40 by 60 feet each, were devoted to the blue-leather and blue-
scale varieties.

Spotted catfish.—No definite observations could be made concerning
the spawning habits of this fish, as it was in hiding during the spawn-
ing season. There were 8 spawning fish in the ponds, producing 1,300
young.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. |

Golden ide.—No results were obtained from this species, in conse-
quence of cold weather in the first half of April, whereby the eggs
were destroyed.

Black bass.—From 15 black bass 34,500 young were obtained, 500 of
which were 5 to 7 inches long, the remainder 2 to 3 inches. The larger
and smaller ones were raised in the same pond, and it is inferred that
difference in size was due to cannibalism. Much labor was required to
supply food, the daily ration being about 15 pounds of fish and every
other day 30 pounds, that quantity of live fish being obtained during
the summer and fall in the vicinity of Observatory Hill. Small river
fishes of no table value were secured by seines and small boats operated
by regular employees. On September 8, the number of bass having
been observed to be decreasing, and the small fish available as food for
them having been greatly reduced, purchases were made of offal fish
in the markets, 10 to 20 pounds being obtained daily.

Shad.—Shad fry amounting to 1,989,000 received from Central Station
in the preceding fiscal year, May 5 to 10, were placed in a rearing-pond
of about 5 acres and held for liberation in the Potomac, effected by the
lifting of gates December 2. The number released was about 600,000.

The production of other species was: Leather carp, 35,000; scale carp,
46,700; blue-leather carp, 1,700; blue-scale carp, 2,400; spotted catfish,
1,300; tench, 356; golden ide, 398; goldfish, 9,500; black bass, 34,500.

In December preparations were made for the next season’s spawning
of black bass by the introduction of quantities of clean gravel into
their spawning pond. The method of handling black bass at this
station is to place a limited number of spawning fish in a small pond a
few rods square in which the water is shallow, the bottom being covered
with clean gravel, the small pond being connected with another, ten or
twenty times as large, by means of wire screen of proper size mesh to
permit the young to pass out. After the young have left the nest and
obtained access to this larger and more fruitful feeding-ground they
are safe from being eaten by their parents. In January, the Potomac
River being filled with ice from Washington to its upper source, it was
anticipated that a gorge would occur, resulting in the flooding of this
station, and to avoid the loss of brood fish the ice was removed from
14 ponds, its amount being about 500 cart loads, and the fish stored in
the brick vats and covered with netting. No freshet occurred; but so
much damage from frost was sustained by water-pipes and valves, the
cross-partitions in ponds, the banks of ponds, ete., that a great portion
of the next four weeks was occupied in repairs.

During the later months of the year spawning by the pond fishes
was accomplished, the results, however, only to be definitely determined
in the fall months of the succeeding fiscal year. In furtherance of the
practice adopted a few seasons ago, the first shad hatched at Central
Station were delivered here for rearing in ponds, the number received
this year, May 1 to 9, being 1,444,000.

F, R. 93——7

98 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

WYTHEVILLE STATION, VIRGINIA (GEORGE A. SEAGLE, SUPERINTENDENT).

This station is the property of the State of Virginia, but is operated
by the United States Fish Commission. During the year improvements
were made, chiefly in the nature of repairs, funds applied thereto being
furnished by Dr. J. T. Wilkins, commissioner of Virginia, and labor by
regular employees. The repairs were applied mainly to the rearing-
ponds, broken embankments being overhauled and new piling introduced
where necessary, and bottoms tamped with clay or cemented. Eight
ponds were thus repaired. Water connection was established between
the spring and the nursery building, the piping being extended to the
railroad siding, where Fish Commission cars receive the product of the
station for distribution.

The fish brought over from the preceding year in process of rearing
consisted of rainbow trout in troughs; black bass, rock bass, carp, and
goldfish in ponds, where they had been hatched by natural methods.
In September the rainbow trout were culled, the various sizes being
placed in separate apartments. These were counted in October in
advance of distribution. In September nearly 12,000 were suffocated in
the nursery building by accident, the supply gate having been tempo-
rarily shut off and forgotten. The distribution of this species was taken
up November 16, and continued until February 14. Applicants in Vir-
ginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky, Georgia, Pennsylvania, and
Maryland were supplied. The number delivered to cars was 79,547, On
account of depreciation in the quality of brood stock, 4,000 were retained
to be reared for spawn-taking purposes.

Black bass distribution occurred between November 16 and March
10, 1,433 being furnished to applicants in Virginia, North Carolina, and
Alabama. Of this species, 400 were received from car No.3; but, being
attacked by fungus, only 135 were available for distribution. A few
were retained in order to increase brood stock.

The distribution of other species was effected on lists furnished from
Washington, consignments being chiefly to adjoining States already
referred to, transportation being made in tin pails. The movement of
these fish took place between November 15 and March 10, the principal
deliveries of all kinds taking place before the end of December.

The number furnished for distribution was larger than ever before,
being as follows: Rainbow trout, 79,547; black bass, 1,433; rock bass,
13,650; carp, 5,168; goldfish, 5,990.

Contributions were made for the World’s Fair exhibit, consisting of
alcoholic specimens of eggs and embryos of the various species, and
also specimens of destructive insects and larve.

Rainbow trout—In the absence of new brood fish to make up
deficiencies in old stock, the egg collections were somewhat inferior,
and losses were heavy on account of the large percentage of hard or
glassy eggs. The presence of eggs of this character having been
previously observed, efforts were made this season to determine the
cause, and accordingly Dr. R. R. Gurley, of the Division of Scientific

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 99

Inquiry, was sent to this station in December. Examinations with -
the microscope led him to express the opinion, in a preliminary report,
dated January 17, 1892, that eggs of this character are the production
of individuals, not existing among all and hence not epidemic; that
the disorder was nonparasitic, but resulted from inflamed ovaries.
The trout began spawning November 18, continuing for 117 days;
18,000 were taken in November, 145,000 in December, 137,000 in Janu-
ary, and 70,000 in February. Eggs were taken from 310 fish, the aver-
age being 1,221 per fish, and the total 378,500. In addition, 81,500 eggs
were received from Neosho Station, where the production was greatly
in excess of the rearing capacity.
Eggs were transferred as follows:

Date. Consignee. Number.

meiivie, L893 5. 0.0..2-..5 John W. Titcomb, fish commissioner, Roxbury, Vt....... ean eee 20, 000
iC a oer Jobn Gordon; South Bend so Wry Oe =a. .c1san- m=</2)= 2-15 seis =ieisiaia ores 10, 000
COR eee ae eee GC. Raveret-Wattel, Kecamp, France....---..-..-- 2.2. ---<ceccenses 10, 000

MTN GIS ators wicca aie Central Station, Washington: DiGi. sc... csecsiensnc-+=-s-= ener 15, 000

eR iBOoH ose: - (Ga Win boayer, Provo) City, Utalet -4: snes septa. oem se Se scact ene de 10, 000
PALS Osco item as Sioes | J.G. Bluhm, Rio Negro, United States of Colombia.............-. 10, 000
oe ae Central Station, Washington, D. C......-..-.-.2---0s2s.-sessseeee 15, 000

7421 dh ee John W. Titcomb, fish commissioner, Rutland, Vt .-.......--...-. 25, 000
“Glia Gilt Se re S.S. Watkins, superintendent, St, Paul, Minn.................... 20, 000
Motgltps. sea... ta sete ertgas este Peas seein sate, soar inc sa aee ace 135, 000

The consignment to Utah was unsuccessful, owing to use of sphagnum
moss which had not been sufficiently soaked in water, the expansion
taking place in the egg crate and increasing bulk to an extent to crush
the eggs. This was by oversight, it being the custom to give the moss
a water bath for two or three days in advance of the shipment.

Although rainbow-trout eggs are handled in February and March, it
is not practicable to make up shipments after January, as it is difficult
to bring together enough of the same age.

Eggs lost at the station were 142,000, the fry hatched being 183,000.
From those hatched 95,000 fry appeared in February. The fry com-
menced taking food in March, and in May all were sorted and counted.

Black-spotted trout.—The brood fish on hand, 31 months old, spawned
in March, the first eggs being taken early in the month. These eggs
were not sufficiently fertilized and were without effect. The females
were four to six weeks later than the males in maturing. An attempt
was made to increase the brood stock, and in July, 1892, fish of that
year were forwarded from Leadville Station, Colorado. The number
sent was 15,000, but only about 1,500 reached their destination alive, on
account of sickness of the messenger in charge. Food supplied the
young fish consisted of beef livers, from cold storage at Roanoke, Va.,
and from Washington, D.C. The older fish are fed on mush composed
of common flour or shorts and liver, the proportion of the latter being
about one-fourth of the whole.

Other species.—Black bass and other pond species were transferred
in April to summer ponds, spawning-beds being constructed for them.
The results were apparently Sg ne ERCUOny in all cases, it not being

100 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

known, however, at the end of the year whether the black bass had
produced numerously or not, the young at that time being still in the
spawning-beds. The rock bass and goldfish spawned in May, many of
both species hatching during that month. The numbers of fish of all
kinds on hand, counted or estimated, at the end of fiscal year, June 30,
1893, are represented in the table which follows:

Year hatched.

Kind. | l ]
| 9 | 1890 or
1893. 1892. 1891. | Aamdgct,
Rainbows trowts 0 -.ccsesnosmcise sonnei secioeceasnarenieriasa ns 112, 000 A000" maser see 2, 000
Blacksapotteditrout.cs-cc soe ceeee eee ete cem see cee neem meee | aa eee ee 300 200) |s28 Jags
ISELIN Se soon do aqsocchconaosouSSe sospadetossd sancnecanace|ibasdne S600 50 OF Sareea
IRIEL DE shoe CeCCOe OL coe ao OR Oe SAG En aac Quenoerabcrpesoormcda: 2000082 sce eealt eee | 200
(CR Ta Neahea@otec Mob es or aS SS aon Aa poCue te aC ee cn enac saaeou nels SOOO Uleiseriaetete| eae 50
Goold fishy see ati sahtiewiser cincle ehisiars Ses cities cle tee See eee ee 8000s) oosegs seal ie eeecmets 100

PutT-IN BAY STATION, OHIO (J. J. STRANAHAN, SUPERINTENDENT).

Production was greatly curtailed by hard weather, there occurring
in the eleven days after October 28 three gales of unusual severity,
many of the fishermen’s nets being injured so badly that they were
pulled out for the season. There were also severe gales in the spring
months, interfering with the collection of pike-verch eggs. All eggs
taken, however, proved to be of fair quality.

Whitefish—The collection of whitefish eggs was not commenced,
owing to storms, until November 11, the season terminating November
23, with an aggregate of 50,080,000, derived from sources below:

North Bass island) Wakevbirier. assesses ees eee 22, 690, 000
Middilevbassilsland\wbailkcerbiniee ae aes ee 5, 600, 000
South» Bassiisland; lakeshinie:2.22 5-5. shi seis qo gee 14, 310, 000
Kellleyalsland maketh tie sea <2 2 ose eee oe ae ee eee 5, 590, 000
Catawhbaisland Wake ries tance ee see ase ose eee 1, 400, 000
Toledo, Thake Hrie- i.e ss: = a,4)s seco se te eee 280, 000
(Wine conded he see ooo toe epee one eee eee eee 210, 000

As inany as two-fifths were from gill nets, and all were obtained
through spawn-takers attached to the station, and paid for at the rate
of 40 cents per liquid quart. Only eggs of good quality, were pur-
chased, determinations being made by, microscope immediately after
segmentation.

On February 13 a shipment of 5,000,000 eggs was made to the New
York Fish Commission, addressed to the hatchery at Clayton, M. B.
Hill, superintendent. These, by error, were shipped by freight, and
were on the road twenty days, and on arrival were found to be frozen.
They were successfully thawed out, however, and Mr. Hill, in a letter
dated April 10, gave the gratifying information that all were hatched
and liberated with a loss of but 10 per cent. On February 27 a ship-
ment of 5,000,600 eggs was sent to Duluth Station. Eggs retained
produced 22,570,000 fry, which were liberated on reefs off the islands
in the vicinity of Put-in Bay Station. In development it was discovered
that those eggs which occupied the upper tier were of poorest quality.
The reason for this was not definitely ascertained, but was supposed

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 101

{to be due to the fact that the water to the upper tier was delivered
‘through closed pipes, while that used in the lower tiers was from open
‘troughs in which the water had been partially aérated.
| With regard to measuring whitefish and other eggs, the following is
‘from a letter from Superintendent Stranahan:
Our plan for computing the number of fish eggs is to carefully measure out a fluid
quart in water, draining until fairly dry, or to an extent that they will no longer
‘drip. The eggs are then divided into two pans, which are part of the weighing
scales, until they balance. One panful is then divided on the scales in the same
manner until finally one-eighth of a quart is obtained, these being counted. The
scales, prepared at the station, under my supervision, are so sensitive that the weight

of one herring egg is indicated. Duplicate counts of one-eighth quart show varia-

tions of five to twelve eggs. To comp™te the number of eggs in the hatchery we
take ten jars, introducing a quart of water into each, marking the level on the gauge,
and taking the mean of the ten marks for the 1-quart mark. The second quart is
then added to each jar, and so on until 5 quarts have been introduced. Lines are
established on the gauge stick between quart marks to indicate pints and half pints.
Cisco or lake-herring eggs are found to number 78,848 per quart, whitefish 40,000,
and pike-perch 171,000.

The gauge employed is of wood, in the shape of a carpenter’s square,
the short arm resting across the top of jar, the longer one following the
outside to the base.

Cisco or lake herring.—Active interest being exhibited by commercial
fishermen in behalf of the propagation of this species, the collecting and
hatching of their eggs was this year taken up, Messrs. Stone.& Gilbert,
Daniel Vrooman, and Frank Miller granting the eggs free of cost and
affording facilities to spawn-takers. The collecting-grounds were on the
Shoals around Put-in Bay, operations being confined to November,
aggregate collections for the month being 11,756,000. The fry resulting
amounted to 6,500,000, and these, escaping simultaneously with the
wuitefish, were drawn into the same collectors and distributed together,
shipping cans containing both species.

The opinion prevailing among local fishermen that a hybrid between
the whitefish and cisco existed in those waters, an attempt was made
to produce such a fish, the eggs used being those of the cisco. The
number successfully fertilized was 588,000, of which 200,000 were
Shipped to Smethers & Thompson, Warren, Ind., for experimental pur-
poses. The hatching was successful and the fry were liberated in one
of their private ponds. A letter received June 9 represented that thou-
sands of these fish, 2 inches long, were in sight around the inlet. The
water in the pond was from an artesian well. Eggs retained at the
station produced 200,000 healthy fry, which were liberated in Lake Erie
at points in the vicinity of the station.

Lake trout.—When it was too late in the season a spawn-taker was
dispatched to Dunkirk, N. Y., egg collections of lake trout numbering
400,000 being secured. A loss of more than 100,000 was sustained
almost immediately, while the eggs were held in cans of running water.
Those reaching the station amounted to 225,000, of which 25 per cent

102 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

died inside of ten days, and only 81,500 fry were produced, which were
liberated on May 10 in Lake Erie. Lake trout have been but rarely
observed in thé vicinity of the station during the past twenty years,
none having been seen in five or six years by persons familiar with the
locality. On November 7, however, Mr. E. J. Dodge took from one of
his trap nets a specimen weighing nearly a pound, and on November 19
he captured another, both being forwarded to the general office for
identification. It is believed that the fish were of the 190,000 liberated
from this station in the spring of 1890.

Rainbow trout.—On February 14 and 18 consignments of rainbow-
trout eggs, aggregating 75,000, were received from Neosho Station,
Missouri. They were in excellent condition on arrival, but underwent
considerable loss both in the egg stage and as fry, the young available
for distribution numbering 65,000. The fry, on arriving at the feeding
stage, were liberated in the vicinity, in Lake Erie. Owing to lack of
vitality it is feared that only a portion survived.

Pike perch.—Collections of pike-perch eggs aggregated 50,750,000, of —
which 25,564,500 were obtained from the shoals of Put-in Bay and the |
remainder from East Sister Island, Lake Erie, the season terminating
April 19. The fry resulting numbered 20,200,000, of which 16,600,000
were delivered by the steam launch Shearwater at Sandusky, car No. 1
receiving 10,500,000, and car No. 2, 6,100,000. The remaining 3,600,000
were put in Lake Erie. The cost of pike-perch eggs, all items included,
is found to be about $1 per million.

The distribution, exclusive of whitefish eggs, was as follows: Rainbow
trout, 65,000; lake trout, 81,500; cisco, 6,595,000; whitefish, 22,570,000 ;
pike perch, 20,200,000.

Important aid was rendered in World’s Fair collections, the work
being taken up March 29, terminating June 3. During that period four
car loads containing 1,000 specimens, representing over forty species,
were delivered for transportation to Chicago. Among these were 44
adult brook trout from the Castalia Trout Club, presented by Hon. John
C. Zollinger, president of the club, and delivered to our cars at San-
dusky. Mr. Zollinger also presented 2,000 trout eggs from the hatchery
of the club, but these, owing to defective packing, perished en route.

An interesting development emanating from this station in connec-
tion with the World’s Fair was the preserving of discarded fish eggs in
brine for use in Chicago as representatives of good eggs in process of
hatching. In 1890 Mr. Stranahan conceived the idea of illustrating
hatching methods during summer, when active operations were sus-
pended. Having succeeded fairly with his first trial, he concluded that
something of the same character might be done at Chicago, and after
experimenting he found that eggs could be successfully preserved in a
brine sufficiently weak to permit their sinking slowly. The result of
his observation and experiment proved highly gratifying in the fish-
culture exhibit.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 103
NORTHVILLE STATION, MICHIGAN (FRANK N. CLARK, SUPERINTENDENT).

The operations consisted largely in handling eggs derived from brood
fish held in ponds. The Alpena Station, however, being operated under
the same superintendency, a certain amount of the work consisted in
handling eggs of lake trout and whitefish. Improvements consisted
chiefly in procuring an additional water supply from a creek and the
construction of a new series of forty rearing-ponds, ten of the latter
being completed before the year closed. There was a slight increase in
the take of eggs and their quality was excellent. Attempted transfers
of trout eggs to the Government of Japan were unsuccessful.

Atthe beginning of the year young fish on hand, in process of rearing,
consisted of the following: Lake trout, 75,000; brook trout, 59,000;
Loch Leven trout, 70,000; Von Behr trout, 64,000; total, 268,000.

The fish remaining on hand October 24, by actual count, were as fol-
lows: Lake trout, 38,644; brook trout, 34,986; Von Behr trout, 14,265;
Loch Leven trout, 9,926; total, 97,821.

In- consequence of intensely cold weather, subsequent losses reduced
the numbers, those distributed being 23,600 lake trout, 19,900 brook
trout, 3,400 Loch Leven trout, and 150 Von Behr trout. Some were
retained for brood stock. In November a portion of the yearling fish
were transferred from rearing-troughs to the new rearing-ponds. The
cold weather in January so injured these ponds that it was necessary to
make repairs after the disappearance of ice. The distribution occurred
between January 24 and March 20.

Contributions to the World’s Fair exhibit, Chicago, occupied quite ¢
portion of the time of the superintendent, live specimens of the various
trout mentioned, and of the black-spotted and rainbow varieties, of all
sizes and ages from fry to four years old, being furnished. In addition,
64 glass jars of eggs and young of the various species, from earliest
stages to 12 months’ age, were furnished. Pike-perch eggs were also
collected and forwarded.

In September, in advance of the egg-collecting period, hatching-
troughs, trays, and other equipment were overhauled and asphalted,
150 new trays being provided.

Lake trout.—Between November 11 and 26 there were received from
the Alpena Station, in four consignments, 2,051,000 eggs of lake trout.
Their condition was only fair. Of these eggs, 955,000 were forwarded
by express shipment, as follows:

Date. Consignee. Number.

ans 21. 1893). 2c. ee M. E. O’Brien, superintendent, South Bend, Nebr...........-------- 100, 000
7 [ey bt: eee a M. A. Green, superintendent, Caledonia, N. Y .........---..----.--- 100, 000
231898. 72.6 55.25 = 2. T. J. Griggs, fish commissioner, Spirit Lake, lowa..-..-...-.-.---. 100, 000
Biot sae See S. S?W atkins, superintendent, St. Paul, Minn.............---...--. 100, 000

DARI BOS ae ssn C. C. Warren, fish commissioner, Roxbury, Vt...---..-----------.--. 100, 000

PMU SOS coh = wine aie OSHe Daniels smaconia Noe. o/c aie ann tees cea cwe anh acceetwa sain 100, 000

PSS ser See Green Lake Station, Hancock County, Me ...............------.--- 50, 000
LV OAC ee eo k. E. Follett, superintendent, Lime Rock, Conn....-.-.--------------- 105, 000
SH 1805-5 So. cb kemeee C.C, Warren, fish commissioner, Roxbury, Vt...--..-..-....------- 200, 000

>

104 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

There were retained at the station, for rearing, 250,000; these were
highly successful in hatching, producing an equal number of fish, which
were liberated in the inland lakes of Michigan and Indiana May 3 to 13.

Brook trout.—Through the courtesy of the officers of the Flint and
Pere Marquette Fishing Club, arrangements were effected for obtaining
adult brook trout from Kenne Creek, a stream controlled by them. The.
fish were readily secured in October by two employees of the North-
ville Station and Mr. George Brown, associated with the club. In four |
days 415 were secured with hook and line and transferred to the station
without loss. Kenne Creek was first stocked in 1880, and in the first
season of fishing, 1892, more than 5,000 fish were captured, none measur-
ing less than 6 inches.

From original brood fish in ponds, 244,500 eggs were obtained from
285 fish between October 26 and January 12, and from the new stock of
trout, practically between the same dates, 41,600 eggs were taken from
144 fish. There were retained for hatching 120,000, and transferred as
exchanges, donations, or to other stations, 90,000, as represented below:

Date. Consignee. Number.

ID Fey, PAE ee apeme nee Flint and Pere Marquette Club, Wingleton, Mich...............--- 25, 000
ces Gate Bs eo mecn sem Troutdale Fish Farm Company, Mammoth Spring, Ark..........-- 5, 000
DOM OOS: care ers wo S.S. Watkins, superintendent, St. Paul, Minn ...--.......-..--..-.. 20, 000
UG Oy ee ease sGesese C.C. Warren, fish commissioner, Roxbury, Vt.-......--.-------.--- 20, 000
(Ent Rene Saar me U.S. Fish Commission Station, Clackamas, Oreg .........-.-.------ 20, 000

Loch Leven trout.—Among brood stock there was a reduction to the
extent of about 400, chiefly on account of deaths, but partly from the
transfer of the parent fish to the World’s Fair and to the aquarium at
Washington, D. C. Between October 26 and January 16, 444,500 eggs
were obtained from 764 spawning fish. There were retained for hatch-
ing 118,000, consignments to other hatcheries being as follows:

Date. Consignee. Number.

WDGCH26 51892 io wixec ceca Flint and Pere Marquette Club, Wingleton, Mich.................-. 25, 000
Ajin nal: al} Be eeeeecane S. Chinda, Japanese consul, San Francisco, Cal...---..-----.--.---- 10, 000
1G AS93452 eo ob S.S. Watkins, superintendent, St. Paul, Minn..-....-...-....--.... 20, 000
OMS OR 5 ice.s asc icie KE. B. Hodge, fish commissioner, Plymouth, N. H..-..-.--..-----.... 15, 000

1 EO Gage see aoe | W. P. Greenough, La Chévrotiére, Quebec, Canada .-..--...-.------- 10, 000

AD BUG Op ee miracarsicreisicre U.S. Fish Commission Station, Green Lake, Me.............--....- 30, 000
MED se SOBi a. sacle sacle Samuel(Farbush, Hartland Me. ce cope ese a eerceemen. aies aan eee 20, 000
LOBOS ere teccejewie ome U.S. Fish Commission Station, Leadville, Colo....................- 75, 000
Total sag aicciai, lc. Oe Lee ae ec ea OE Rte. ae cana 205, 000

Von Behr trout.—There having been no addition to the stoek of brood
fish, a decline in eggs was perceptible. The spawning commenced Octo-
ber 26, when 6,750 eges were obtained, and terminated January 7, the
number taken on the last date being 1,750; the total product of 590
fishes was 375,800. The number retained for hatching was 112,000, and
the transfers, aggregating 225,000, were consigned as follows:

OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

REPORT 105

Date. Consignee. Number.
| — —_]} |

gent, 14,1893.-.....-.-.- S. Chinda, Japanese consul, San Francisco, Cal.............--.---. 10, 000

Laks rete S.S. Watkins, superintendent, St. Paul, Minn........-.......-..... 20, 000

iy CUCL Ei Otto Gramm, State treasurer, Laramie, Wyo.....-..-----.--------- 15, 000

OU E a aeey aee ae E. B. Hodge, fish commissioner, Plymouth, N. H....-.----......--. | 25, 000

MOSS. oe wise Soc a0 W. P. Greenough, La Chévrotiére, Quebec, Canada. -.-...-.....--.- 10, 000

BONIS9S. o2 2-2 20es U.S. Fish Commission Station, Green Lake, Me...-.....---.-...--. 50, 000

: BA, 1898-2 sc ccic ce es M. E. O’Brien, superintendent, South Bend, Nebr.....-...--------- 20, 000

Mere. 1; 1898... ...--....- | C. C. Warren, fish commissioner, Roxbury, Vt...-.-.-----..-.---- 20, 000

. MESOas oe Se wc se R. T. Browning, fish commissioner, Baltimore, Md..-....--.------. 35, 000

ALSO Sasa io oc aisi= R. E. Follett, superintendent, Lime Rock, Conn...............---- ! 20, 000

Black-spotted trout.—Im addition to the 940 already on hand, from the
hatching of 1891, there were received in February, from Leadville Sta-
tion, 2,287 fish of the hatching of 1892. The shipment consisted of 5,000,
but owing to delays en route the greater part was lost.

Whitefish.—There were received from the Alpena Station, and for-
warded February 20, by express, to the Fish Commission establishment

at Duluth, Minn., 6,000,000 eggs of this species.

Pike perch.—F¥or the purpose of illustrating fish-cultural methods in
the exhibit of the Fish Commission in the Government Building at the
World’s Fair, Chicago, collections of eggs of this species, to the number
of 16,550,000, were made on Saginaw Bay and Detroit River in April,
Mr. Herschel Whitaker, commissioner of Michigan, cooperating in their
obtainment. In addition, 154,000 eggs of the common sucker were
secured and forwarded.

During March preparations were made for the care of the young fish
derived from eggs held at the station, when the rearing-troughs were
thoroughly cleaned and asphalted. The first were placed in rearing-
troughs March 1. The mortality in May and June was somewhat
unusual, and was charged to an insufficient supply of water and limited
tank and pond areas. The number remaining on hand at the end of the
fiscal year, June 30, 1893, together with other fish in ponds, is given in
the table which follows:

Hatched in the year—

1890 or

Kind. |
} 1893. 1892. 1891. pre-
| viously.
APR UPOU Siete ors a s!2aie/ait vicwtaies ew sc caton a easel Se etea ct te hE seal WAOO0 Ne csan eee cele cck oneal same aseee
BETES pL LOU be vart= see om etal PSS ae Sal cite acidls ia este wart same 60, 000 4, 000 3, 000 575
POSSO TV ONLG PORE sete cacoh uy sic, -!nlen ale <eielareic, Mi sininio swe io eens are 5S HO00" San ae cag a's woe sais 1, 700
Rmupbawiuro utes 553008 Pesce SSPE Oh OR ad eed oh 44, 000 SSO eS 8 Oe 900
EO CH MOU LOUIE OUD crcl. ta xi crarejaiayeie'e ae ce seta one oe sew eninleele eee n.a| obscene 1,500 O40 a= oak oi ctee
Thon 2 Mh Uh SU Se oath aR ae hee ieee ee 237, 000 7,800 | 3,940 3,175

ALPENA STATION, MICHIGAN (FRANK N. CLARK, SUPERINTENDENT),

Operations consisted in collecting eggs of whitefish and lake trout,
the former being hatched at this station to a large extent and the latter
transferred to the Northville Station. Mr. 8. P. Wires, as foreman,
executed the fieldwork. In April, 1893, his services being required at
the Duluth Station, he was relieved, BE. A. Tulian succeeding him. In

>

106 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

September field preparations were made for anticipated collections of.

eggs from the commercial fishing-grounds on Lakes Huron and Michi-
gan. These preparations were continued until late in October, in the
meantime repairs being made to hatching-troughs, tanks, egg-trays,
and spawn-taking outfit. In November a night watchman, second

assistant, and others to comprise the spawn-taking force, were tempo-

rarily employed. Severe storms prevented the collection of the usual
number of eggs.

Whitefish.—The first eggs were received November 8, consisting of

256,000, the total by November 30 amounting to 25,040,000. The
losses while hatching were: November, 320,000; December, 1,180,000;
January, 660,000; February, 240,000; March, none.

On the 22d of February 6,000,000 eggs were transferred by express
freight to Northville Station for reshipment to the Duluth establish-
ment. The eggs retained, 16,640,000, commenced to hatch April 17,
continuing slowly until April 20, when, the water turning cold, very
few additional ones hatched until the 25d, there being about 7,000,000

out by the end of the month. The last to leave the eggs came out |
May 8. The fry proved to be of excellent quality, and between April |

27 and May 23 there were liberated 16,640,000.

Lake trout.—Eggs of this species were collected during November to
the amount of 2,550,000, all being transferred to the Northville Station
prior to November 30, in express freight consignments, as follows:
323,000 on November 11; 678,000 on November 17; 870,0000n November
22; 180,000 on November 26; total, 2,051,000. The shortage represents
the loss. The majority were taken near Thompson, Lake Michigan,
but 250,000 obtained from Lake Huron by means of tugs operating
from Alpena were best in quality.

The water temperature November 1 was 42° F., and on November 30
it had fallen to 35°. From this date until April 13 it ranged from 32.5°
to 33°, On April 19 it was 41°, on the 22d 38°, advancing after that
date gradually to 41° on the 27th. From this date a gradual rise was
experienced until May 27, when it was 56°. By the first of June the
_ equipment was stored to await operations of the next fall.

DULUTH STATION, MINNESOTA (R. O. SWEENY, SR., aND S. P. WIRES,
SUPERINTENDENTS).

R. O. Sweeny, sr., resigned the superintendency April 15, 1893, and
S. P. Wires, foreman of Alpena Station, was appointed acting super.
intendent. On June 10 Mr. Wires was made superintendent.

In July the high temperature and generally unfavorable condition of
the gravity water supply from Lester River rendered it impracticable
to hold the young lake trout brought over from the preceding year,
numbering 843,000. The surface of the water on the streams and lake
was covered with a yellow powder, which on the lake was seen in
areas 100 yards wide, 2 miles long, and 2 inches thick, consisting of the
pollen of the flowerless plants of the family Lycopodiacee. On July 12

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 107

'Josses occurred amounting to 139,000, and as a result distribution was
‘commenced, 340,000 being liberated in that month. The mortality
‘continued, and during August 100,000 additional fish were liberated,
‘completing the distribution.

Lake trout.—On October 1 preparations were commenced looking to
‘the collection of lake-trout eggs at Isle Royale. This island, in the
|northwestern portion of Lake Superior, is an uninhabited wilderness
‘of jagged rocks and tangled thickets, containing neither trails, paths,
nor roads, and visited by one steamer only, whose service is irregular.
‘At Grand Portage a few eggs were obtained from fish caught in pound
‘nets, all others being from gill-net captures. The weather was exceed-

ingly stormy, and the quality of eggs poor. The firsteggs were received
‘at the station October 4, packed in boxes. Other shipments followed
‘throughout this month and in November, the spawn-takers returning
‘November 19. Low air temperature destroyed a number of eggs in
‘shipment and the shrinkage was great. Measured on December 13, the
‘total number was found to be 1,527,000. The first hatching occurred
21st December, 10,000 having come out from the eggs by the end of
‘the month, the last hatching occurring May 16. Fry were liberated in
sixteen lots, March 8 to April 10, aggregating 850,000, there being left on
hand April 15, 400,000 eggs and 695,000 fry. Losses in May amounted
to 5,000, and in June to 15,000. There being a mortality of 6,000 on
June 19, gravity water was discontinued, the pumps supplying water
from the lake. Distribution during the month amounted to 1,075,000, -
‘deposited near the shores of Michigan and Minnesota, the total libera-
tion during the year being 2,365,000.

Whitefish.—There were collected by station employees in the fall
750,000 eggs of whitefish, the number on hand December 13 being esti-
mated at 500,000. This number being insufficient for stocking waters
of that region, eggs were assigned from Alpena and Put-in Bay stations,
6,000,000 being received from the former, with a transportation loss of
18,000, February 24, and 5,000,000 from the latter station, with a loss
of 300,000, March 1. Between April 1 and 10 four lots of fry Liberated in
the vicinity amounted to 145,000, leaving 10,382,000 eggs and 100,000
fry on hand April 15. During April 300,000 fry were liberated, and in
May 10, 182,000, of which 2,982,000 were put out in the vicinity of the
station, 6,000,000 near the shores of Wisconsin, 1,500,000 near the shores
of Michigan, the last eggs hatching May 24. In December, 1892, young
whitefish appearing in the vicinity of the station (an unusual occur-
rence), Specimens were sent to Washington for identification.

Rainbow trout.—The Neosho Station being overrun with rainbow-
trout eggs, two consignments were made to the Duluth Station, 75,000
being received February 11 and 25,000 February 15. The losses from
date of receipt to April 15 amounted to 5,000, leaving on hand 20,000
eges and 70,000 young. There were lost subsequently, 750 in April,
6,000 in May, and 250 in June, the last hatching occurring May 21. The
distribution of 83,000 occurred in June, 43,000 being placed in the St.

108 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Croix and White rivers, Wisconsin, and 40,000 in Sandy and Partridge

rivers, Minnesota.

Pike perch.In March preliminary ar eccaene were made for
obtaining pike-perch eggs from Pike River, and on April 30 a personal
reconnaissance of the locality was made by the superintendent. The
collecting period was brief, extending from May 1 to 15, and owing to
the slow disappearance of ice fally half of the fish had spawned before

they ascended the river to the egg-collecting point where a seine could |

be used. The total of eggs amounted to 14,000,000. Of this number
500,000 were deposited in the stream where obtained, the remainder being
conveyed to the station. The losses following transfer were 5,860,000
in May and 2,140,000 in June, hatching occurring June 1 to 5, The

distribution deberatbi 5,500,000, these being placed, before absorption |

of the sac, near the shores of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota.
Late in November there was a considerable fall of snow, and on

December 10 ice above the dam from which gravity water is obtained |

formed to a sufficient thicknessto cut off the supply to hatchery, enfore-
ing the use of steam pumps in obtaining lake water from erib wells. In
January the mean temperature was 5.66° below zero, and in February

snow was more than 3 feet deep on a level, the ice at end of March

above gravity dam being 4 feet thick. On April 30 the water tempera-
ture was 35°, and on May 10 the ice was still obstructing the passage of
water to the hatchery from the gravity dam. By May 31 the average
.temperature of the water was found to be 39°, and in June it had
reached the point of 70°. The distribution for the year was: Rainbow
trout, 83,000; lake trout, 2,355,000; whitefish. 10,482,000; pike perch,
5,500,000; pike-perch eggs, 500,000.

QUINCY STATION, ILLINOIS (S. P. BARTLETT, SUPERINTENDENT).

The collection and distribution of native food-fishes from the over-
flow river basins was continued on the same basis as in former seasons.
While this work does not aggregate large numbers of fish distributed,
their larger size more than compensates for absence of numbers.

On July 15 the water in the Tilinois and Meredosia rivers was found
to be receding, the banks at that time just beginning to appear above
the surface. On July 23 the water was still high, but falling, affording
an opportunity for the commencement of operations in August, when
both rivers and the overflowed lands were worked. A1I collections are
secured with seines, the fish being transferred by small boats and a
special steamer to the railway tracks, where the cars are in attendance,
The difficulties in prosecuting this class of work are great, one of the
worst being the high temperatures prevailing in air and water. A
large proportion of the fish captured were taken from water only 4
to 8 inches deep, with an underlying deposit of soft mud 10 inches
or more in thickness, and in hauling the nets it is impossible to avoid
drawing ashore quantities of this substance, thereby suffocating the
fish unless quickly removed. Another difficulty is in securing at the

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 109

right time a sufficient number of fishes of prescribed kinds to make
up a carload consignment. Were it possible to make up carloads of
,any and all kinds a large amount of time would be saved, but large
jmumbers are taken that can not be utilized in making up a particular
/Shipment, and the fish must be separated and some transferred to
storage for filling subsequent orders.

, It is found that there is a wide variation in the abundance of the.
different species in different seasons. There may be one year a very
| plentiful supply of a given kind, and another year the same species may
be conspicuously scarce. There is a similar variation in the abundance
(of species in the different localities. A particular pond may, one year,
‘produce a large number of black bass, but another season will perhaps
‘contain practically none. When large quantities of fish are secured the
‘surplus is placed in storage ponds, as the fish can not be successfully
held in live cars. The common practice is to return all of the more
common varieties to the waters immediately around.

On Meredosia Island quite a large storage pond, not altogether safe
from freshets, was provided for the holding of the surplus or reserve
eatch. When operations began some fish were in these ponds from June
of the fiscal year preceding. Another pond for breeding purposes, sit-

uated near Naples, was secured. Itis near the Illinois River and above
high-water mark, and a number of large black bass were this season
introduced in it with the object of securing young bass the next season.
A noticeable feature in the operations this year was the presence of
great numbers of carp, quantities being taken with haul seines, they
being as numerous, relatively, as any native species. In that particular
locality they were consumed as food in greater proportion than any
other kind. Young carp hatched in the spring of 1892 were so abundant
that they were caught with hook and line at every point on the two
rivers, their length being 6 to 10 inches. Operations were very much
benefited by rains which fell about September 10, cooling air and water.

The periods during which the cars were engaged in the movement of
fishes are as follows: Car No. 1, September 24 to December 2; Car No,
2, August 11 to October 30, and Car No. 3, August 7 to November 5.
The facilities for the transportation of the cars afforded by the railroad
companies were the best yet secured, the officials being not only cour-
teous, but furnishing a greatly increased amount of free transportation.
The assistance furnished was of such importance that to this source is
to be attributed in large part the accomplishment of the best season of
work at this place. The number of fish sent out was not larger than
in any previous year, but they were larger in size, many black bass
weighing 2 to 3 pounds, but those averaging about a pound being the
more numerous. When liberated the fish were counted, and with very

few exceptions they were counted when loaded on ears.

A large area of territory was covered in the distribution, comprising
Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, lowa, Kansas, Kentucky,
Michigan, Missouri, New Mexico, Ohio, Oregon, South Dakota, Ten-

110 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

nessee, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin, some fish also being trans-
ferred for distribution in the New England States and to the District

of Columbia. The mileage of the several cars is shown below:

Car. Free. Paid.
: |
INOS sete ch hors male came castle e on) eee eee Ee eee eee 6, 612 1, 567
Oto Soe ES CT ERIE Ses Te are a ey AIR eee Ree are 15, 127 2, 663
ITER HS See SO SEee ao BeOEBeE Cc aeleon Onn oes snpasedab sso doodockoe sane 15, 010 2, 921
TOtal :Sa/sc ewido s aise cane ae sewiowee Meee eimai aise Bee eb eee ee See 36, 749 7, 151

Total.

8,179
17,790
17, 931

43, 900

That the distribution was highly satisfactory may be seen from the

statement below, indicating the successful liberation of 64,633 fish out |

of 67,187 delivered to the cars:

Furnished
Kind. for dis-

tribution.
CE OnE ee ee eee ene ee aE OPENS acd Socnand aceadaceas 7, 811
Wellowe (Or ming) Mpere hs -- an se seco cease ee ee eee eee eee eee 4, 454
JENIRG\ Oe) HON 5 po cea aS Se sone ee Seer oo] Cobb One oesenoosonSo Seas soatedtassnsoa0ses 845
WWihTG6 WaASS ss eces ce ecelse oem sine occ wecie alate cielo olarelale terete ste /aalele Blais = etate ieee et eeeeetere 1, 877
IBA GK DABS os sab bale so oaisisaie sis oie,cceyoie alot se cia t= sem ees Cee eee eee eee nee 33, 987
WiarmOuth Dass. a2 <<. c Sy ocacic conse cece. ce ee ee eee renee <e 5, 670
CED PORE eciesiaaceinci actaacmateet- le pilae ee eiaaoe Mee ee Cee reemerte ae 10, 754
RUTIE Is eetoe re ctae sa Steere Soyo are renee SSE eS re me ndcae SoicoeESeseuaos 1, 756
PHCKOV OL iain cio tsinieleiee aint sscin a paciciew Uaieels metideekisie te cie/ See Eee ee eee eae 133

Lost in
transit.

A consignment of fish, representing the different species, forwarded
to the aquaria at Central Station is not included in the statement above.
Cold weather early in January terminated the regular season, and the
work subsequently consisted in making collections in May and June and

forwarding to the aquaria at the World’s Columbian exhibit.

NEOSHO STATION, MIssoURL (WILLIAM F, PAGE, SUPERINTENDENT).

The superintendent was specially detailed to assist in examining the
site of the proposed station at San Marcos, Tex.; he also accompanied
Car No. 2 during the distribution of the rainbow-trout yearlings in order
to inquire into the cause of mortality among them in transportation.
Examinations were also made with the view of obtaining pike-perch
eggs from the vicinity of Baxter Springs, Kans., and of the overflow
district of northeastern Arkansas, along the line of the Kansas City,
Fort Scott and Memphis Railway, for determining the possibility of col-
lecting and distributing native food-fishes from river swamps. An
addition to the station was made in the nature of a trout pool 6 by 60
feet, planked with 13-inch oak, with the expectation of its holding during

the rearing stage 25,000 rainbow trout.

A satisfactory number of trout were brought over from the last fiscal
year for rearing and liberation in the fall months, but the production
of black bass was below the normal, and the carp were few in number
and of too large size for successful pail shipments. On hand October
24, 1892, as determined by actual count, there were as follows: Rainbow
trout, 40,266; brook trout, 1,200; tench, 19,000; black bass, 2,174; rock

bass, 9,548; goldfish, 1,490; carp, 670; total, 74,348.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 111

Owing to the quantity of work in the distribution service these fish
could not be liberated with sufficient promptness, and the following
losses occurred: Brook trout, 100; tench, 3,872; black bass, 204; rock
bass, 548; goldfish, 553; carp, 36; total, 5,313. The losses among rain.
bow yearlings were very small, they being held in rearing-ponds under
normal conditions up to the time of delivery to car messengers.

The 3,500 brook-trout fry brought over were diseased and continued
to die until the last of September, when the survivors suddenly com-
menced growing rapidly, and those remaining for distribution were in
fine condition.

The distribution of rainbow trout occurred between December 23 and
March 31, the deposits being made chiefly in Missouri, Arkansas, Texas,
Kansas, Illinois, and Iowa. The tench were shipped between Decem-
ber 3 and March 20, being placed chiefiy in the waters of Missouri and
Texas. Black bass and rock bass were liberated between January 19
and March 15, these being sent chiefly to Kansas and Missouri.

The distribution was as follows: Rainbow trout, 38,684; brook trout,
1,000; tench, 14,855; rock bass, 9,000; black bass, 1,968; carp, 634;
goldfish, 937; golden ide, 10; total, 67,088.

In addition, 200,000 fingerling shad were liberated in waters tributary
to the Gulf of Mexico. Their number could not be ascertained except
by estimate, owing to the fact that these fish can not be successfully
handled. They were the product of 700,000 fry sent from Washington
in the preceding June. In preparing for their release the hatchery
branch was in October cleared of shoals, drifts, and aquatic plants for
three-quarters of a mile to a point where it empties into Hickory Creek.
Early in November, when the branch was swollen by rain water, the
6-months-old fish were allowed to pass through open gates. They were
some hours in escaping, a continuous silvery mass. These were the first
ifingerling shad planted in waters tributary to the Gulf of Mexico.

The pond which contained the shad was infested with crawfish, 1,750
‘pounds being removed and destroyed between August 3 and October
31. These were estimated to be 70,000 in number. By some unaccount-
able means black bass of the large-mouthed variety were also present.
In preparing for receipt of the shad the pond had been drawn in Novem-
ber, 1891, and the bottom exposed for three weeks, and in the following
‘April the process was repeated, all water connections with black-bass
ponds having been broken and an independent supply being estab-
lished. On August 3, the intruding fish being observed, a hook and
line were brought into use, and on the first day 5, averaging 15 pounds
each, were caught, and by October 31 the catch had reached a total
of 152. It is believed that they burrowed in the mud, surviving the
absence of water during the two periods mentioned. It is not detinitely
known that the black-bass lived imbedded in the mud during these
periods, but the indications point to the correctness of this supposition.

A large amount of material was furnished for exhibition at the

112 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

World’s Fair, and to the World’s Fair commissioners of the State of}
Missouri. Specimens of fish and other natural-history collections were}
furnished to Prof. 8S. E. Meek, curator of the museum of the Arkansas §
Industrial University.

Of the rainbow trout brought over from the preceding year, 1,500 §
were set aside for brood fish. These were weighed and measured in §
February and fed for sixty-three days on a diet consisting of 2.85
pounds of beef liver and 15.5 pounds of mush made of mill shorts,
During the succeeding twenty-seven days they were fed on 4.44 pounds
of liver compounded with 22.94 pounds of mush. On the dates April
26, May 20, and June 19 they had progressed from the aggregate weight |
of 140.5 pounds to 390, 480 and 522.2 pounds, respectively. The cost
of each pound atthe end of the first period was 3.6 cents, at the end of
the second 1.16, and at the end of the third 6.5, the price of liver being
4.5 cents per pound.

Dried blood in conjunction with mush was tried without good results,
owing to the fact that the substance could not be reduced to its original |
state so as to freely mingle with the farinaceous matter. Experimental
tests were made with cotton-seed meal. A trial with purely farinaceous
diet was made with rainbow-trout fry with satisfactory results.

Examinations for Gammarus in the surrounding streams having.
demonstrated that none was present, 1,000 were obtained in December
from the Mammoth Spring, Arkansas. Introduced into the black-bass
ponds, all apparently were destroyed, but in,the others they multiplied. |
An attempt to convert into fish food the crawfish destroyed was unsuc-
cessful, as the time consumed in handling was not economically invested.

Rainbow trout.—This species has attained unprecedented growth in |
the ponds of this station, where it has been demonstrated that they |
will spawn the second year. <All reports concerning the growth of fish |
liberated in the waters of the Ozark region have been encouraging.

On December 14 the 3-year-old brood fish commenced to spawn,
and by December 30, only 23,000 eggs having been taken, it became
evident that the parent fish would not enter the spawning race.
Thereupon a haul seine was applied to their capture every day‘ until the »
close of the season, March 7. The quality of the eggs being superior
to those taken last year, the conclusion was reached that the hard and
glassy kind heretofore puzzling the minds of all concerned were the
result of overretention. In the preceding year, when the spawning
race was depended upon, 60 percent of all eggs taken were of the kind
named, while this year none were of that character. Hence, it is
inferred that the hard and glassy eggs may be avoided by seining, and
taking eggs from fish as soon as mature. The total from 730 females
was 672,526, of which, 843 per cent, or 542,868, were fertilized, the
average number of eggs per fish being 935. Of the fish stripped, only 79
voluntarily entered the spawning race, all others being forcibly captured.

As this station was equipped and designed to hatch only about 60,000
eggs, it was impracticable to care for the number obtained, and 21

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 113

\lots of eggs, aggregating 463,500, were shipped to other points, as
/shown by the following statement:

Date. Consignee. Number.

=
oo TU SS Sess eee H.M. Garlichs, Missouri fish commissioner......-------.-..--+---+ 20, 000
l Be ra aS aA a wind bois Central Station, U.S. F.C., Washington, D.C ...-...-.---.--.------ 15, 000
2h] 2 ae eee eae Pere do Soe aT ERS SNS Sey Ar en, EON UREN GP ALL ene aaa 17, 500
| 1,5 SSBB ESe eee ael ERIE igh o CeatS sea A a here ee Da NE Fa BP ED OE 20, 000
Uso “Spee scbadaaods Wy thevil Station, DWiyihte wile: (Vaiss ees oe oe ces eee 15, 000
Tis qacepaneeeeuobaal asset ssi Seka amps Oy 1 Lie ihe ee en ocean en SRS Loa 15, 000
Rene eR pene aed OR s= ae mer eee SEES Noe ae TS he Sead 33, 000
' 3) oe aoe Opntital Stations Usorn. G.wWasbine tone Cans csscecsen thea seca 29, 000
ee te ed tt EL Oj ed hese ene aE ae ee 23, 000
2, oe Saeene Cac, Warren: Mermont COMMISSIONED =— c= oe ae eels ce eee pee 36, 000
5 BS eee ee rade Lake Station, U.S. F.C., Green Lake, Me.................. 30, 000
Sete rece st eit Duluth Station, U. S.F. C., Duluth, MGM =sa=t~ 5 = clerstaia ofa e See ae eee 14, 000
| sia Renee Me ECE OER PEgsbL DRE betes Menon a eae e ESD Re ERSTE EP Per tO0e Ue ee 45, 000
oS See COREE SOE Cie ae eu See UUs ne AE DESC a BBS ch CARR AC DEES EOSOS Sar Aen bee sec AaM Ear eee 16, 000
| “gut RAUL SECT 307 os (oe eee ee ae Me ee ere wee es ot Oa SEL Soe e Te 22, 000
pees acne akin, cieisie = ote jane a Bay Station, U.S. F.C., Put-in Bay, Ohio....-.......-.---- 21, 000
ney eat ad SEES SS ICY ES Ga AR SATE PE UAL: EES 7 GOI oO SOS SE AN 27, 000
Ube S i Se ee ey ee WN pepe ape ae tae naire eee eee omintcce hia ne tea abies dome 20, 000
eee ar aeh Bei MORE es ek: Sev Oe RRP URE ee Ste! een SSS AE a 7, 500
PO on ela cyoicte rcioion ath’ M. E. O’Brien, superintendent Nebraska Fish Commission. ....... 21, 000
BEES c ce cicinsn.cf ve.e =| sine a LO ers ers meta oer elate Se sie int sien saree tee ice cere eiem emer ne sicire eee 16, 500
Wotallssertcctes shise eis tees earls cicowsc ssh ac qucleccmtanmeacaoacnaem se 463, 500

With the exception of one package lost in a railroad accident while
‘en route to Green Lake Station, the eggs were received in good condi-
tion and were pronounced to be of high grade. No sphagnum moss
being available for the unexpetted shipments, fine shavings of common
grades of sponge were used for packing the eggs on the canton-flannel
trays. It was found that a much larger amount of Jabor was required
to prepare it than sphagnum moss, but, its expansibility being more
uniform, the pack could be much more evenly effected and with greater
‘safety. Moreover, this material can be reused upon being subjected to
boiling. One pound is sufficient to pack 15,000 eggs, it not being used
in the outside packing employed to exclude atmospheric heat.

The eggs retained for hatching and rearing were 74,700, which by
April 17 afforded 60,000 fry, then placed in pools for rearing. The eggs
being of different ages, the hatching was prolonged until March 26.
Losses in fry during the hatching process were 7,838, of which 6,051
were killed by the choking of an inlet pipe by a small fish.

In May an epidemic occurred in one of the pools, about 8,000 fry
dying, but the mortality was soon arrested by applying salt and earth.

Pond species.—In February preparations were commenced in antici-
pation of the spring spawning of pond fishes, the water areas being
drawn and cleaned and all necessary materials brought together in
proper condition. In the four weeks succeeding April 10, constituting
the height of the spawning and hatching season, there was a rainfall
of 8.8 inches, accompanied by five severe hail-storms and three wind-
storms, the latter carrying bunches of moss and willow roots laden
with glutinous eggs out of the ponds, thousands of additional eggs
and young being destroyed by hailstones and raindrops. Owing to
the flooded condition of the large streams there was an influx of

F. R. 93——8
:

114 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

aquatic birds, many of which attacked the pond stock, capturing some
of the spawning fish from off their nests of eggs. For nineteen days
it was necessary to have the station patrolled by one of the employees,
during which time eight fish-hawks were killed. This station is not
only infested with crawfish, but by many wild animals, and constant
vigilance on the part of employees is necessary. The records show the |
following as having been caught during the fiscal year: Kingfishers, 9;
wild duck, 52; gull, 1; grebe, 9; water-hens, 11; fish-hawks, 9; bittern,
15; “anal 3; egret, 1; owl, 1; turtles, 43; snakes, 98; frogs, 794;
muskrats, 7; raccoon, 1; mink, 1; water rats, 15; crawfish, 267,460.

The black bass began to prepare nests toward the end of April, and
by May 15 as many as 15,000 young were transferred from the nests to
unoceupied ponds. <A larger number could have been transferred had
the pond area been available. The tench, which spawn at this station
at two years of age, deposited their eggs by May 15. The golden ide
spawned profusely April 7, but without effect. An attempt was made
to artificially handle a portion of the eggs, but without success, all
being found covered with fungus at the expiration of ten days. The
eggs flowed freely and were apparently in good condition. In color
they were dark brick-red. In August, 1892, the rock bass were found
to be spawning for the second time in that calendar year. The channel
catfish again, for the third season, failed to deposit eggs, for reasons
unknown, every care having been bestowed upon them.

The rainfall for the year was 37.3 inches, the fall of snow being 10.75,
The maximum air temperatures in July and August were 105° and 1029,
respectively, the lowest temperatures being reached in December and
January, the thermometer registering 8° below zero in the latter month.
The extremes of temperature in trout ponds were 80° maximum and
32° minimum; in black-bass ponds, 88° and 36°, Ice gathered from
the ponds and stored in December was 6 inches thick, and comprised
about 60 tons. The fish remaining on hand June 30, EE of all kinds,
are represented in the statement which follows:

Hatched in—
Kind.

. 1890 ox

1893. 1892. 1891. Senaton.

LEAN OSA TROL Ba opidconstaecusaDaeesecoSaaeeucecaoSecodeQneos 52, 000 15000) | eee sete 1, 000
IBID CKMD ASS 2 a2) aysine am clasts Hee alec iste rniee tata et alete Sielelotoinepsyete 3; O00 Mi) 2 iaisece= ais = 25
TRG E) Se LOTS eA se Mee Berane ae eens see A Remy SEIT Re te Se LOS 000 Phase soste | eaeeeereee 115
Sith cca OS ee =e ne OE See Bryer EPR ROE. Se Fa B00 tecp tse ol 6 30
Gatien sccecss cece hese cea ssa s cine be sos cct acne coat sae e ae ee eral eas cere ee | aetemece clea oa eae 20
GN Ghis sae toca tedecaeaeassss ESO ODO ERO IDO MOC INS IOROSS 205 O00 jell Eerrasmniraa) iets see te 25
Goldenvid 6 ios cece tcn cena scien sae ae oale onl accnle mes Sieisae ane nee cee Sorel eestor 4 16
Goldfish! 3) scer3eek.it sd Ses saten Seen e ede tins eee eeecee 250005 iliSaac cee cealloecoecenes 29

LEADVILLE STATION, CoLoRADO (H. D. DEAN, SUPERINTENDENT).

Work was confined to the salmonide, the fish liberated being of
yearling size, and the output larger than in any previous year,
amounting to 178,900 fish and 60,000 eggs.

In addition to repairs to the old hatching-house, 14 new rearing-
ponds were prepared, the smallest being 5 feet wide and 15 feet long,

a

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 115

and the largest 15 by 40. These were constructed with plank sides,
the smaller ones being also planked on the bottoms.

As the result of the breaking of the bank of the lower lake, May 27,
the water supply for a month was obtained from the De Mary irrigating
ditch. As the temperature of the lake water rose to 70° F. in the
warmer portion of the day, half of the station supply was obtained
during summer from the ditch. In September the establishment was
threatened with forest fires, requiring some labor to save the building.
A snow-fall of 5 inches, October 31, removed the danger.

Egg collections were made at two periods, the first from November
to January, inclusive, and the second in May and June. There were
brought over from the preceding year eggs and fish represented in the
table which follows:

Two Brood

Kind. Eggs. Fry. | Yearling. yearsold.| stock.

muack-spotted trout ......- 0.20.2 e- ne ee enna - =e 144, 983 91, 168 321 733 938
PERN HM nOCLUrOU tts «sete 2 hele aeielacin masa a tiaccinc|e cera caicte's 1, 755 MNS 2 baat JANE aes Eee
SMES WAULOU Site si ore alae (= amare amie sietaix nietaa/a aiais/aini= 3, 145 1) el ee ee 30 3
2 PULL SSTTTi SE te RS ee ee eae Memon ee 169, 492 1, 907 1, 480 93
(SEL EAND T e no 9 = sec spe atoocorere cooeeore esos) (Seeseacses Ri I. locee6cecee [Batcene sion beer acre
PMB VOM GEOM Use seins cote a eialeein ns oie clea ate ata wie ate slois lalate aiete Te NS) 8 Gack GE ce | HOSP Weeesera

Of the eggs of the black-spotted trout there were shipped in July the
following: H.M. Orahood, Denver, Colo., 30,000; G. Schnitger, Laramie,
Wyo., 25,000; Otto Gramm, Laramie, Wyo., 5,000; total, 60,000. All the
other eggs were hatched, 15,000 black-spotted fry being transferred to
the Wytheville Station in July.

Losses among the younger trout, under going rearing, may be inferred
from the following statement of numbers on hand September 30, by
count: Black-spotted, 77,100; yellow -finned, 250; rainbow, 1,800; brook,
105,300; Von Behr, 34,000; Loch Leven, 4,900; total, 223,350.

Distribution was effected between November 12 and December 24,
the fish being sent for the most part to Colorado, Montana, North
Dakota, Nebraska, and New Mexico. Those furnished for distribution
are as follows: Loch Leven, 2,600; rainbow, 1,550; Von Behr, 30,050;
brook, 98,200; black-spotted, 46,500.

In November 5,000 black-spotted yearlings were transferred to North-
ville Station. There were also distributed 23,000 hybrid trout, 300 of
‘which were forwarded to the Central Station, Washington, D.C. Asa
result of attempting to hold over a considerable number of yearling Von
Behr trout during the winter, 17,000 were lost, it being impracticable to
induce them to take food in the low water-temperature prevailing.

Materials collected and forwarded to the World’s Fair, Chicago, con-
sisted of black-spotted and yellow-finned trout, showing development
up to six years. Adults, 375 in number, reached destination without
loss. In addition to the live fish, alcoholic specimens of ovaries, eggs,
and embryos were furnished.

Brook trout.—Observations at this station point to the superiority
of the brook trout over all others for Colorado waters, native varieties
not being excepted. In October, when the adults were placed in the

116 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

spawning-ponds, it was found extensive losses had been sustained and,
to compensate, 900 fish, weighing on an average about 0.3 pound, were.
purchased. It was believed that missing fish had been stolen, or pos-
sibly destroyed through cannibalism.

Eggs were obtained from three sources, the ponds of the station,
Uneva Lake, and the private ponds of Dr. John Law. The collections
were satisfactory in number, but inferior in quality. The first were
taken October 28, the total collections from the station ponds being |
268,800, of which 205,000 were obtained during November. Nine trips
were made to Lake Uneva, where 70 adult trout, weighing nearly 3
pounds each, and 153,600 eggs were collected in November. The owners
of the fish, Messrs. Searl and Lazenby, by way of return, received 25
per cent of the fry in the summer following. After Dr. Law’s hatchery
had been filled with eggs, he allowed the remainder to be taken by the
United States Fish Commission, and in December 50,000 were secured.

Both those eggs from. Uneva Lake and Dr. Law’s establishment
proved to be of poor quality, 50,000 from the former place having been
discarded by December 31, and 40,000 from the latter by February 28.
The losses were attributed to defective fertilization. It is, moreover,
believed that the prolonged period of incubation, on account of low
temperature of the water, is of great disadvantage, eggs not being
hatched till the end of five months. The temperature throughout this
period remained at 34° F. On January 31 the eggs in Dr. Law’s
hatchery, in a temperature of 43° to 44°, were nearly all hatched, they
having been taken in the month of November.

Black-spotted trout.—The results with this species in small breeding-
ponds have not been satisfactory. Out of about 4,000 adults captured
and confined at the station during the four preceding years, but 800
were this year surviving, and it is believed that the only source of
dependence for eggs will be on wild fish in open streams and lakes of
this region, the most inviting field being Twin Lakes. Eggs collected
amounted to 118,600, all at the station except 18,000 from Sweetwater
Lake. Attempted collections at the latter place were in conjunction
with the State fish commissioners of Colorado. The first eggs of the
season were taken May 25, collections for that month amounting to
nearly 35,000, and in June about 83,000. A shipment of 20,000 was
made to the World’s Fair, Chicago.

Rainbow trout.—In June there were taken from fish confined in the
ponds 6,200 eggs, of which 5,665 remained on hand June 30, 1893.

Loch Leven trout.—Eges to the number of 75,000 were received from
the Northville Station by express freight February 14. On unpacking
they appeared to be in good condition, but on the succeeding day as
many as 10,000 hatched prematurely. The hatching of the remainder
was normal, but before the feeding stage was reached about 65 per cent
perished.

In February the mean air temperature was 15°, with a snow-fall of
5$ feet. This remained on the ground to such an extent that in the

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 117

month of April it was necessary to shovel out a mile of the road to
Leadville several times in order to obtain supplies. In the latter month
outdoor operations were resumed to a slight extent, and in May the
ponds were cleaned and those injured by heaving of ice were repaired.
At this season black-spotted and rainbow brood trout were transferred
to spawning-ponds. The full stock of eggs and fish on hand at end of
fiscal year, June 30, 1893, follows:

Yearling

Kind. Eggs. Fry. and two Boos
years old. ?

Bee RC ILEUC GEO We stain atasiatciotste(n ie aisivic/aialet= =» iw's(eiajaiaiu=ie=='e\aaiais = ST OSOs noseese eos escorts 977
ECPIET TOU). GLOW Gis. o) se - sia oc ole wo aca lalbinitte aCe assieran ciais)sivieis Soi] =\sia cals ahmeil sisic nick erator TOGO) faeces
PL LID GY TT a SSeeKedoet GaAs OSS BRS Goeosepredasedorbeosroe BOG5N ecient reat 28
BERD KS GT OW, sn icias cas cinie oe lauiclemiciot omen ajsiciaie’s Sebetainel Sain ateie aft eee rset 74, 032 6, 338 1,414
> RDO US SERS eee oe deen dee depos SoCo scecoeroemoersese ero sana lses= Secoos 15400) | on 4s cee
SEBEL SOV UE OU bison sass oes inlaw claimenta nis sienainig mien come a in| = cee, Sane 22, 368 1, 970 27
PRORa oe eerias <2 Ase ses ca oh eas oppaclcomenbionte ore oneal): 63, 254 96, 300 10, 818 2, 446

BaiRD STATION, CALIFORNIA (LIVINGSTON STONE, SUPERINTENDENT).

The production of this station, consisting almost exclusively of
quinnat salmon eggs, is largely transferred to the commissioners of
the State of California. At their hatchery at Sisson the eggs are
hatched and fry liberated under direction of those authorities.

Mr. G. B. Williams resigned the superintendency and turned over
the property of the station July 29. He was succeeded by Mr. Liv-
ingston Stone, who had charge of these operations at their installation,
he reporting August 10.

The first salmon yielding eggs was caught August 135, the fish, how-
ever, at that time being too scarce to warrant regular hauling of seine.
On August 24, regular work being started, 44,000 eggs were taken.
The California State law, permitting proprietors of canneries to operate
seines until September 1, enabled those operators to catch nearly all
the summer run of fish in the lower part of the Sacramento River,
and the take of eggs from the summer run amounted to but 834,000.
Egg operations lasted only nineteen days, during which time 220
spawning fish were handled. All eggs taken, with the exception of
about 500,000, were forwarded to the State hatchery at Sisson.

Egg collections from the fall run of fish commenced October 20, the
number obtained being 2,273,000. At this time funds having been
exhausted, operations would have ceased but that the California com-
missioners came to the rescue and paid expenses during a period of
about one week, there being obtained through their efforts 423,000
additional eggs." The whole number of salmon spawned during the
fall run amounted to 620, the eggs produced being 2,696,000, and the
aggregate for the year being 3,530,000. Work was abruptly stopped
November 26 by a violent snow-storm. The eggs taken from the last
run were forwarded to Sisson.

~118 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Storms were frequent and of severe character. In October 250,000
egos were destroyed by high water, and in December the McCloud River
was swollen to a height of 174 feet, no mails being received during a
period of ten days. The current wheel, supplying the hatchery with
water, escaped damage, and at the end of the season was taken to pieces
and stored.

In the statement which follows it will be seen that 533,100 young
salmon were liberated at the station, these having been placed in the
McCloud River in December. Egg transfers to the California commis-
sion are Shown by dates.

Date. Run, ete. Number.

Octe sore eee teeceaeee SumMer Tun 35-.4=2eeecsssees es ostes aces ee cere ces seee se easee ements 300, 900
Riis SAssoooeosons adc Pall ruin J. as seseeese cane ce eee een pes copes Seae etme eee ease eames 477, 000
DEG Sons ssSR sso conSeos |soous GO A see ee ates aber eee tec cee cena cence come aemmets Be SRE z=-| (513; 600
ESE aL ee [dst <b Sis. ueE Be sids: 12ee oe Sas. coe eae eee eal eee 541, 000
CUBR OU Soe SEO SOHG basoe GOs ea eee wee wot anes aeisk peetnes ootac ee Coe CEE EE eee oie 248, 000

a Ueininte eleinicieveralelsi sie iry liberated. cesascs secceeren ct aeons teceee coke eee Sena meate 533, 100
Losses, including 250,000 resulting from storm 2S ois dala enloeeepeimaceee 916, 400
Total sec saves eee ace ee Oe ee Te a ee ee 3, 530, 000

Rainbow trout.—In January preparations were made for the collec-
tion of rainbow-trout eggs to be forwarded to Japan, and for that pur-
pose 10,000 were secured. These were transferred in five consignments
during March and April to Professor Sasaki, agricultural and commerce
department, Tokyo, four shipments arriving in satisfactory condition.
In January anew Seine boat was built for future use in capturing adult
salmon. In Aprilasurvey was made looking to a gravity supply of water
from a neighboring stream, and after its completion the scheme was
considered practicable. In June work was commenced on the rack
across the McCloud River in preparation for next year’s supply of adult
fish, no salmon being permitted to ascend after June 30.

A collection of salmon eggs and fry, together with their natural ene-
mies and food, was prepared in alcohol and sent forward, to be included
in the exhibit at Chicago. The 7a.m. air and water temperatures for
the year are shown below:

Air Water
Month
Max.| Min.| Mean. | Max.| Min.} Mean

1892. ie} O° ° oO ° °
afb) pb oso Sedo Abaddon onone age neaRonoonOp oanaacacnoncnos aces 68 42 57. 80 60 52 54.35
PAVHROTIS Ulejeid aieials|wialeie eistee ein eis meee ee eeian eae tien eine se cece eens 66 40 55. 58 56 52 52. 61
Sa OEM Redoemensoonesodancsb saab sabes eqon6 sesead coqose 64 44 | 51.6 53 50 51. 76
RCO DET eso serosin dees acicine sleds Sock see Ses cee see eee 50 33 42.97 50 43 45. 87
INOVEUIDOL: cece sa cee oae ee ee ESE oe See ee Eee eno eee 51 25 | 39.63 43 39 41.76
HDECOMIDETS, = i odae-eice ws ican boos Meee ce tee aaees eoeMeMaemeeas 58 23 | 38,25 45 38 42. 03

1893.
DARULAINY toss ssinles vo lnnia sia(Seinae secs Soeneeer eee ete ete aeiss 46 25 33. 61 45 41 42.70
HOLT UA eae eet sce sees = Seca net Seeaeee meme 45 22 | 37.32 46 39 42. 64
IMBC Der eee sues sia\s 0.250 GE esen tees ccae OnE eee eee Ee EEE cee 52 26 | 40.51 48 43 45.12
PASTE = Groans: s\clees Sdccseklsh ss sono doL eee anes oh pease cere 58 32 43 47 41 45.73
IW igi SAE Sere ere ee en ere Sr re 2 OE SS PS ehenace 65 40} 51.35 51 46 48. 74
UNO se oes Be eo eatolnes ena dene sase deen eh eee eee 66 47 | 55.06 57 48 52.6

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 119

| Fort GASTON STATION, CALIFORNIA (LIVINGSTON STONE AND W. E. DOUGHERTY,
CapTaIn U.S. A., IN CHARGE).

This establishment was the first experiment in occupying a Govern-
ment reservation on the west coast. Privileges granted by the Interior
Department were continued, and the outlook for further good results is
favorable. The water supply is unlimited and of finest quality. The
building occupied combines hatchery and quarters for employees. Five
ponds are employed in holding brood fish and as nurseries.

On the abandonment of the reservation for military purposes, July
1, 1892, supervision passed from Capt. Frank H. Edmunds, U.S. A., to
Livingston Stone, superintendent of the Baird establishment, McCloud
River, Mr. Stone remaining in charge until January, 1893. The Secre-
tary of War was requested in December to permit Capt. William E.
Dougherty, U. S. A., to resume supervision, and the request being
granted, operations for the remaining half year were under his

direction.

Fish brought over from the preceding fiscal year consisted of the fol-
lowing: Rainbow trout (brood fish), 300; rainbow trout (fry), 18,450;
Von Behr trout (fry), 24,856; brook trout (fry), 9,854.

In July 15,000 rainbow-trout fry were liberated in local streams. On
April 30, there were remaining on hand of Von Behr trout 12,000, and
of brook trout 7,000. These were liberated in May, with the excep-
tion of 500 of the former and 400 of the latter, retained for brood stock.
Those liberated were placed in the Supply, Mill, and Tishtang creeks,
the number of Von Behr being 10,950, and the brook trout 6,193.

Quinnat salmon.—In August plans were inaugurated for the capture
of adult salmon from the tributaries of Trinity River and from Red-
wood Creek, a dam and trap being constructed near the mouth of Mill
Creek, a tributary of Trinity River, about 4 miles from the station.
Traps were also constructed at Redwood and in Supply Creek, the lat-
ter being near the station. The limited amount of fishing on Redwood
Creek, as a result of the absence of canneries on that stream, rendered
it the most profitable source. Another trap in the vicinity, constructed
by Indians, also furnished adult fish.

Salmon in this region ascend the streams for laying eggs twice a
year, the first run occurring early in winter and the second late in
spring. Eggs taken in the fall run amounted, by December 31, to
180,000, producing 117,000 fry for liberation in local waters February
23. Captures of adult frsh were made to a limited extent in January
and February, small numbers of eggs being taken.

In March and April 375,000 eggs were transferred from the auxiliary
hatchery at Redwood to the station. Other consignments followed,
which, together with those from traps on tributaries of Trinity River,
furnished 540,000 fry for liberation in local streams in May and June.

Lieut. Commander J. J. Brice, U. S. N., in a report-regarding the
establishment of additional stations at Government reservations on

120 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

the west coast, makes the following reference to the spawning habits
of salmon:

The conjunction of natural causes assisting salmon in all movements and in depos-
iting eggs is as interesting as beautiful. In the operation of spawning, from my
own observation, the salmon, on arriving at the place selected, remain quiet until
recovered from the effects of the long journey from the sea, and for this purpose
they select a pool where there is protection or concealment, under driftwood or over-
hanging bank. In pairs, male and female, they build nests, generally in the swift
water on the ripple above or below the pool, the male guarding it with great jeal-
ousy, fighting away all intruders, The pool serves as a place of concealment during
the day, the salmon spawning and making the nest at night or early in the morning,
continuing during the day if the sky is overcast. The act of spawning may go on
at intervals for a week before all the eggs are deposited. The construction of the
nest is commenced by digging an elongated hole up and down stream, the fish using
the snout and fins in making the excavation, throwing out sand and gravel in
volumes. The stones and gravel are carried by the current below the excavation,
forming a nest covering a space sometimes more than 6 feet in diameter, the small
particles of sand and dirt being carried farther downstream. It seems strange that
a collection of stone and pebbles should form a fish nest, yet nature has made it very
simple, and secured results in a matter-of-fact way. The eggs are deposited in the
hole by the female and impregnated by the male, the eggs clinging together in a
mass and to the bottom, thirty to fifty minutes, at the end of which time they
commence to separate. The gentle current sweeping through the trough-like hole
carries each egg out of the excavation as it becomes detached from the mass and on
to the nest of stones below, where it tumbles from one to another until it drops into
one of the crevices, eventually finding its way to the bottom of the pile or nest, and
there, lying securely hidden away, well protected from predatory fish, it finally
hatches. It takes from forty to sixty days for the eggs to hatch, the time depending
upon the temperature of water. After hatching the fish remain in the nest about
twenty days, until the umbilical sac is exhausted, having during this time but one
instinct, to hide and burrow deeper in the nest.

Steelhead salmon.—At the first haul of the seine in October a steel-
head was caught, and subsequently 16 more were obtained from the
Indian dam in the vicinity. These were placed in a small pond and
held for the purpose of obtaining their eggs, but none was secured.

Rainbow trout.—In addition to the brood fish already on hand, 14
large specimens were obtained in October from a pond at the Indian
agency. The eggs from these in March and April were sufficient to
produce 100,000 fry, 20,000 of which were liberated in local waters in
May, the remainder being carried over into the next fiscal year.

The mean temperature of the air in March was 43° F. and of the
water 44°, in April 44.5° and 44.1°.. The snow-fall was so great that
on April 22 the snow was over 5 feet deep, hard packed, on the road
where it crosses the mountains. The fishes remaining on hand at end
of the fiscal year, June 30, 1893, are stated below:

: Brood
Kind. 1893. 1892. fas.
NES OONRIGNO Utes loess. hla enw efi eye eleicin,a etayaie estate ete ialatele orotate = ee iotaloe etaictareteiereie ata ates lett crete 4005220 cen2
IMONMBERT GLO Ubi oe ato - ise Se = cee soisye = weenie erie ele pele ee ete oer eta etal tafe re cea = HOON E.scsee
AS RIT O OWE OUD ei iae aterm ae Eee oc Se = RISE cma erere ee echt ia loiter tat at tate 807000"). 2532 22 250
CUrar NEG (ee eee ee ee EAR CERES rica SoM cnaseb a mE bog eccs 20
. |

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 121

CLACKAMAS STATION, OREGON (WALDO F. HuBBARD, SUPERINTENDENT),

Quinnat salmon eggs were obtained from the Clackamas and Sandy
rivers, the latter stream being a new field. Alcoholic collections of eggs
and fry were made and transmitted for the World’s Fair.

At the opening of the fiscal year the building of a rack across the
Clackamas for arresting the ascent of spawning salmon was well under
way, the structure being completed July 7. The former barrier used con-
sisted of two racks built on either side of an island, but this season the
stream was closed on one side, the trap being located opposite. In the
latter part of June and throughout July a growth of green moss, never
before observed, was found on the bottom of the river, large quantities
floating down during a period of five or six weeks, banking against the
rack. Its removal required a great deal of labor. During the late
summer boats were repaired and minor improvements made. In Sep-
tember the trap which formed a part of the rack was put in position,
suitable inclosures built for holding the parent fish, and egg-collecting
and hatching apparatus overhauled.

No salmon having appeared late in August, and it having been
learned that they could not pass the sawmill dam at Gladstone, a tour
was made to this point in company with Governor Pennoyer, the exec-
utive of the State of Oregon, the examination proving that there were
no means of ascent. A fishway on this dam, owing to poor construe-
tion, was wholly ineffective. In compliance with Governor Pennoyer’s
request, the superintendent of the mill promised to erect a better fish-
way, but his promise was not fulfilled, and no fish would have passed
the dam but for freshets, two of which occurred in October.

The first eggs from the Clackamas trap were taken September 20, col-
lections being made each day thereafter until November 11, the number
obtained amounting to 3,265,000. The greatest number taken ina single
day was 132,000 on October 21; the smallest, 4,000 on November 11.
Adult fish yielding eggs numbered 623. Male fish predominated, the
exact number not being recorded. About 80 per cent of the eggs were
obtained in October; 248,000 in September, 2,590,000 in October, and
427,000 in November.

Karly in September two trips were nade to the Sandy River, distant
about 15 miles, a suitable location for a field station being found, both
for an obstructing rack and water supply for developing eggs. Prepa-
rations were made for receiving and holding eggs, hatching-troughs
being transported overland from the station. Water was obtained from
a spring brook by means of a small dam and a wooden flume 150 feet
long. Across the river a rack 175 feet long, with a trap below, was
constructed. Employees were quartered in tents, all preparations being
completed by September 20. The taking of eggs was commenced Octo-
ber 6, continuing thirty days, collections amounting to 1,179,000 from
253 fish. As soon as the eggs had developed sufficiently for eye-spots to
be distinctly seen they were transferred to the station by wagon, in four
loads, between November 17 and December 3, the losses sustained inci-

122 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

dent to transfer being small. About 20 per cent of eggs obtained here |

were unimpregnated, but the relative loss in the season’s hatching was |

small. Could the rack have been placed earlier on the Sandy River it
is believed that larger collections could have been made, the migration
of fish having been in progress two months before completing the rack.

The liberation of fry was commenced December 29, continuing almost
daily, as they developed, until April 20, deposits being made in: the
Clackamas River and in Clear Creek, a tributary. The young were
scattered over an area of about 5 miles. In January the water tem-

perature was very low, and as a result of ice formation in the troughs |
the flow was almost cut off. In the cold water the development of fry |

was retarded, and but few were released during the month. Those

released in February amounted to about 1,000,000, in March to 1,500,000, —

and in April to about 1,000,000, the total reaching 4,100,000.

After the termination of the egg-collecting season the racks and |

inclosures on the Clackamas were removed and stored above the freshet
line. From the commencement the pump was required to supply the
hatchery, it being employed throughout November with the exception
of three days. It was also used occasionally in December, but after
December 21 there was, as a result of rainfall, sufficient brook water.
On February 1 and 2 snow falling in the brook compelled constant
attention to keep the water flowing. Once during February and again
early in April Clear Creek was very high, floating one end of the bridge.

On February 7 there were received from Northville Station 20,000
eggs of brook trout. These arrived in good condition and hatched with
slight loss, but the young began dying just before the sac was absorbed,
all soon perishing. After March 31 the station force was reduced.

AQUARIA, CENTRAL STATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. (L. G. HARRON, IN CHARGE).

Both fresh-water and marine species were successfully maintained for
purposes of study. Before the expiration of the fiscal year the super-
intendent was temporarily transferred to Chicago, where he was in
immediate charge of the salt-water section of the aquaria maintained
by the United States Fish Commission. The salt-water section at
Chicago having proved relatively more successful than the fresh-water
section, it is apparent that studies carried on at the aquaria in Wash-
ington brought about the result, the water in Chicago being circulated
and aérated after the processes developed here.

In July, 1892, an experiment was made looking to the reduction of
temperature in the aquaria by applying ice to the pipes in which salt
water was circulated, but the consumption ran up to about 2,000 pounds
per day, making the cost too great. No attempt has been made to
reduce temperature by application of compressed air. The salt water
being in circulation and subject to surrounding air temperature, reaches
a high point in the warm months, attaining 88° in August. In winter
it is also subject to low temperatures, which, however, are not so
_ extreme, the surrounding air being tempered by means of artificial

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 123

‘heat from stoves. In December the temperature was 43°, and in Janu-
ary as low as 38° several days, in consequence of which the sheepshead,
croakers, and spots were greatly affected, all of the first two kinds
‘dying. Other species were unfavorably affected, but revived when the
temperature rose to 50° and 60°.
In August the aquaria were repaired and put in condition for restock-
‘ing on the advent of fall. Collections were obtained from Woods Hole,
Quincy, Wytheville, and the Washington Fish Ponds, the steamer
| Fish Hawk contributing specimens of marine animals and plants and
800 gallons of sea water from the Chesapeake Bay. Salt-water collec-
tions were made at Fortress Monroe, Va.—water, animals, and plants.
At that point an agent was employed periodically to make collections
and hold in live-cars, when a messenger was sent to receive them.
| From Morehead City, N. C., February 22 to 28, there were obtained 22
spotted sea trout, 14 red drum, and a number of shellfish and plants,
but the extremely cold winter had driven all other species beyond the
reach of fishermen. The Potomac River, Accokeek Creek, Occoquan,
and other local waters were drawn upon for fresh-water fishes. A trip to
Fortress Monroe in July was unsuccessful owing to high temperature.
A fair degree of success was this year attained in holding the filefish,
-thorn-toads, and hermit-crabs, and by experiment it was found that sea-
anemones could be successfully maintained in water oxygenized by the
introduction of air jets. During the winter assistance was rendered
the Commissioner in making his experimental tests of artificial and
natural sea water in preparation for Chicago.

INVESTIGATIONS.

The appearance of a destructive parasite on young lake trout and
landlocked salmon in June, 1893, is referred to under the Green Lake
heading.

An inquiry, somewhat disappointing, but based on interesting state-
ments, was made into the striped-bass fishery in the upper end of Albe-
marle Sound, with a view of ascertaining regular spawning-grounds.
The New York fish commissioners have recently evinced a lively interest
in the subject, the office being twice visited by Hon. L. D. Huntington,
chairman, who expressed himself as anxious to take up the work, but
scarcely able, on account of inadequate funds. In 1892 Mr. J. K.
Rea, ot Edenton, N. C., a fisherman of repute, operating the Williams
fishery, a mile above Mackey Creek, caught in sturgeon nets of 11-inch
mesh large numbers of striped bass, and while on a visit to Washing-
ton he informed a Fish Commission employee that over 100 of these
fish were in spawning condition, the eggs freely running when the fish
were taken into boats. The fish weighed from 50 to 75 pounds each,
and being captured at a point favorable for railroad and other commu-
nication, the matter was deemed worthy of an investigation.

So far as known the only point where eggs can be obtained with any-
thing like uniformity from season to season is on the upper waters of

124 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

the Roanoke, at Weldon, N. C., where supplies are limited. The Wil-
liams fishery being situated immediately below and in the influence of
this river, where it enters Albemarle Sound, caused reasonable hope
that something of value might -be learned. Accordingly a visit was
made to the scene, two days being spent there, April 29 and 30. Inquiry
developed the fact that 60 per cent of the sales by J. K. Rea, operating
there, were striped bass, and he was this year fishing 15 pound nets,
4 sturgeon gill nets, and 1,500 yards of shad gill nets. Provisional
arrangements were effected for obtaining the spare room in Mr. Rea’s
buildings, his nets, boats, and his personal cooperation for the nominal
sum of $1 per day, all fish stripped in obtaining eggs to be paid for at
the rate of $1 each, to cover damage sustained. Recommendations
being approved, on May 8 Mr. J. L. Leary, a former citizen of Edenton,
who had operated nets in that region and was acquainted with the
people and surroundings, was engaged to examine the fish taken. From
Washington he took 50 jars, the necessary piping, and a hand pump, in
order to subject a part of all lots secured to the hatching test. Within
two days after arrival an annex to the fish-house, 9 by 29 feet, contain-
ing hatching equipment, was completed. Three stands intended for
salting fish were connected witb piping, forming a tank of 300 gallons
capacity, and it was found that one person could in 20 minutes easily
pump up a supply more than ample to run the 50 jars for an hour.
Within two days the fishermen were confronted with a disastrous
freshet from the Roanoke, the worst seen in ten years, the sound water
being thick for miles, and covered with saw logs, railroad ties, and trees.
Asa result all fishing operations in that area were suspended for a
week, shad and herring disappearing by May 20, none having been
caught throughout the entire week in ten pound nets. The weather
became so cold that frost was barely escaped. From May 13, however,
and every day after, the nets were examined, sometimes twice a day.
The total number of bass caught consisted of 182 males and 10 females,
none of the latter being in spawning condition. The weight of fish was
from 2 to 8 pounds, males and females, with the exception of one female
weighing 50 pounds. Of those caught, 75 were taken between May 28
and 31, Not only were Mr. Rea’s nets constantly looked after, but com-
munication was kept up with a number of other fishermen, and inquiry
developed the fact that but few bass were anywhere taken in the sound
after the muddy water arrived. The sturgeon fishery, which in 1892
was inaugurated on April 8, was not commenced this year until April
20. A trustworthy report was received that Captain Hettrick, the intro-
ducer of the pound net in the Albemarle region, fishing some miles
below, took on April 15 a large striped bass which was spawning.
Reference to Mr. J. K. Rea’s book established the fact that it was
between April 10 and 18, 1892, that the bulk of large spawning fish
referred to were taken. On June 20 two ovaries in dry salt were for-
warded from Edenton, one from a 72-pound fish and the other from a
60-pound fish. The roe of the larger weighed 213 pounds. These were

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 125

\obtained from Mr. W. D. Rea, of Edenton, who had captured the fish
between April 15 and 20.

~ On June 9, fishing operations being concluded, the equipment was
‘returned. The Commission is indebted to Messrs. J. K. Rea & Bros.
‘for courtesies. As these parties are on the lookout for a recurrence of
‘schools of spawning fish it is believed that data may yet be obtained
\as a result of the inquiry.
| DISTRIBUTION.

| In addition to the regular work of distribution, the special cars were
‘more or less engaged in transferring live material, marine and fresh-
water, to the World’s Fair, Chicago, Ill., for fish-cultural and aquarial
exhibits made by the United States Fish Commission. In obtaining
this material the several stations of the Commission and the steamer
|Fish Hawk were drawn upon, salt-water specimens being secured on
the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts. The special cars, each having a
‘crew of 5 men, were as follows: Car No. 1, T.C. Pearce in charge;
No. 2, G. H. Lambson in charge; No.3, R.S. Johnson in charge; No.
4, ¥. P. Hagen and F.C. James in charge.

During the year the car service was enlarged in efficiency by the
purchase of a new baggage car, afterwards equipped with a special view
to the character of work to be performed. The demand for this increase
arose from the fact that there had been a large growth in the number
of hatching-stations, while transportation facilities had remained the
same. Car No. 4 was purchased from the Harlan & Hollingsworth
Company, Wilmington, Del., March 1, 1893; its length is 55 feet 7 inches,
its width 9 feet 9 inches. Its entire cost with the special equipment
was about $4,500. It was fitted with new approved couplers, conform-
ing to regulations of the railway service. The special equipment for
moving fishes consisted of four cedar tanks, each 4 feet in diameter, and
two others of the same material 8 feet in diameter, all being about 2
feet in depth. These tanks were bolted to the bottom of the car, and
provided, at first, with canvas covers to prevent the wasting of water
and undue agitation from which fish would receive injuries. Subse-
quently the canvas was removed and in place of it gratings of wood
provided. The gratings were made with narrow openings about oune-
fourth inch wide, and were held in position by wedges supported on
cleats. When the tanks were filled the surface water was just even
with upper surface of gratings. By means of this appliance the water
was not only restrained from wasting and from violent agitation, but
was also aérated. After the tanks had been placed in position they
were sterilized by means of steam.

The steam plant consisted of an upright boiler and duplex air pump,
the latter from the New York Air Brake Company. The aération of
water in the tanks was effected by air circulation, the first application
to the transportation service, derived from the air pump and introduced
into tanks by means of rubber tubing attached to iron piping. The

Separation of the air current into minute bubbles was effected by forcing
; _

126 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

through wooden plugs of the American linden tree, inserted a few inches
apart in rubber tubing. In addition to appliances already mentioned,
sleeping berths of a temporary character were provided for the crew,
cooking arrangements also being made.

The fish commissioners of New York having presented 100,000 mus-
kellunge to the commissioners of California, and the latter authorities
not being able to provide for the transportation, they sought the assist-
ance of the United States Fish Commission, and on May 25 the fry
were taken on board car No. 2, at Bemus Point, N. Y. The trip was
highly successful, the loss in transit being estimated at only 9,000.
Those which survived were deposited in Lake Merced and Lake Pilar-
citos, California, 60,000 in the former and 31,000 in the latter, May 31.
The first named were liberated at Ocean View, San Mateo County, Cal.,
the latter at Millbrae, in the same county.

The scope of the distribution service for the year and the details of
the distribution of fishes are shown in the following tables:

Summary showing names of railroads and total number of miles of free transportation

furnished the United States Fish Commission cars and messengers during the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1893.

Name of railroad. Cars. ae Sens Totall
gers.
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe..--........--.---2-----..222------- Bees 5, 727 1,104 6, 831
ipaltumorerand! Ohio secae+ eee eee oe esac eee eee ene Sener ee eee eee 513 632 1, 145
Baltimore and Ohio Southwestern. .-.....-----....-.----.----------------- CUR EAC ee AS 90
Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern.......-.------------------------- 2, 923 78 3, 001
@hesapeakejand| Ohio: seemesesemoere se Ho eee eee eee eee 8, 136 220 8, 356
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy. .....-...----.-----------------.--------- 7,614 644 8, 258
Chicaroiand North westerners se sce seas = ae ele te mie eile teat B82h eee aes 882
Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha..-..-.-...--------------------- 64: 652 ses ee 64
Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis........-..------------------ 6; 806" |'s2- St eee 6, 806
Golorado Midland seo .os0 nee oa eee oe eee ee sak erence eae eae 540 125 665
Delaware ander Uason see = tee ees eeee mals m isan e ae = see see eee cena are 234 202 436
IW ermere owas) (Cae Ge se ae st ooo cus paso a sndno es bacee sano sossesee seaceol sssecose s 2, 259 2, 259
IDGlothiand Wironthanvtehesss=— eee. sere = ease kere eee eee ee eee an aaa e erate 374 374
WD olaghs SOUtH pS OLE WAG, ACL ATG G tee eee eieetas eee sire ete ame ere ai eee 266 Wee ees eeteete 266
iMlintand eeerewlarqneube== sees. see ee ee ane enemies eee Ree eee 1, 452 29 1, 481
Fremont, Elkhorn and Missouri Valley...--..-....--.- 2. ---<--6-22--s50- 824 272 1, 096
(Che onslleany onelsbennela Gr hienne se Sn ebook ooeCO se Rsao Sere Ssocnasaulonaskosoos O85 aatreaeterste 935
Great: Northern. 225 <acsic 5 esac be sqe teeta alc doce ieedelestrseeere oe seepeeiees 342 |e oere ree 342
internationaliand Great Norbherne.-- - eee sen ence eee eer eee ae eet 26 Neaies soccer 26
Jacksonville (Southeastern. / 5. -- 222 eesceceee eae eres ee eee eee ba Sh ee Sees 545
Kansas City, Fort Scott and Memphis... ..-..-.....-..--.-----.----.----- 1,010 46 1, 056
Kansas City, Fort Smith and Southern.........-.------------------------ 38 380 418
LG) 7 (Chena nt == S Se SSS Saha ce soos ado eon scan sed ssekceeccopsaoce IP |e Sep eS che- 192
Donisvillesnd Nashville. 22: |: mek tess aoc does <cleiisees Se aee eee ee ae 546 9 555
Winn A Oy b ee eee Sees Se a Soe boc aco donoceedaocSocesooueearecoos 12, 021 279 12, 300
Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie....._...-...-.....------.------ PAly Jeosocasoce 213
MoIBssOurIMKCansas ANG LOKaS--oanqae eee ee aes sent am cle eeeeceen seem 406 ee Sooo ssee 406
IMBBSOUTL Pacific jo. s.c.cb ene one ce base b tare saieia hans Saneniee ceeteceeeeeeeere nS SY: (alee ea ee 1, 347
iMobileiand-Ohios: << 2s sa2~ S22) soe se eon ote ss ane Soe inie sae esisaeastemtanets AGG tlie eee ee 466
PON GAN a UMIOMN et ee n.cen eee se ee afer eee ee ete ete ate cei teetetel | aes ela 82 32
Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis..............-.--------------------- sl eRe aEEbCe 98
iNewsvork, bake Drieiand Western... - 2 tose seinin'= isin e semi nee see sere PAY ae Se eet 296
INorbhern PacitiC.. = cmcsesecae sees cea sine Oe ta siete nese ioe asia eee eee emer 4,112 1, 370 5, 482
Pennsylvania Railroad... .----- 5 By a eesesets- 54
Nouthernibacihice..-.4- pase ee se 2) OFS esb hoc cee 2, 074
Spokane Falls and Northern...-.-..---- nats SO" Set ee weer 80
St. Louis and San Francisco...-.-.-.---------- 2 1, 786 752 2, 538
St) Douis|Southwesterm ia. 2-s2-- ceases eee eee niseeee ets =e O12 eee anes 212
Merredauteand Jn diana polis. ee: sae se see eels eee ae 684) ars eae 634 |
USA ERVOn IO pepe a SSeS soe ersae case aon nce osose aonb So Ososooesonss sess AAGD" | taco oom ae 1, 465 |
MNVONUE CIRC he ceid hee < sceirars mise etnias ote = epee ete = Sloe eree Se deine = Seater 13, 249 4, 253 17, 502
AWE OF 1S) ae ee Se eS = AON AA Es a be OS Oe See SC ata 4,072 112 4, 184
Wiestivirginia: and) Pittsburg. s.- cess cease eee eae sree se etter. nese ces cea 206 | 206
Walmumnptonand Northern’ se == er lelelolel=tttaye ee te ale a atelier 15 15
Wasconsin! Cen tralt 2< 23.262 sta: see esten-ee eee ees ee eee eee eee 16263 |S Steeee 1, 626
SA TGS Ral UG) rn WOU Rae See Ag nae aasnecudnasodcoda Re encacauc seh ancer 524|seseeecees 52 |

83,968 | 13,393 | 97,361 |

rm

Kind of fish, etc.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Statement of mileage by cars, detached messengers, and species.

Transferred by—

127

Number of miles traveled.

Paid. Free. Total.
Native food-fishes. ..-... Carl. .cccccsccce. 1, 567 6, 446
Car 2 2, 641 15, 108 48. 250
Car 3 3, 771 15, 338 p
Detached messenger 2,444 935
cae Car? 2,287 |” 10,212 ||
ar ’ ’ :
Car 3 7,619} 4,492 |¢ 56,191
. Detached messenger. .-...--...--..==--2-s:e=- 20, 980 10, 240
NN ae neti. aninjnm ane ORI ee phen ene cops een nedee qo CeOEReRs Heep sese 5, 188 4,917 } 12.117
Detached messenger’= ~~ =~ 22.2... cb sboss5: 1, 902 110 me
1, 052 398 i
666 540 2, 935
DOU LES cs ows J
SHEA ooces ess
Tempter. ; 12, 513
3, 134 5, 943
3, 994 5, 896
3, 362 4, 818 44, 842
4,812 9, 860
Detached messenger.-...........---.--..--.--- 2, 872 151
Miscellaneous .-.-.-...-- Caress 22 Fosse ees tune eee k cmc kne wwicemels DOR en ve wisrce
Car 2ee Satctsac nem md mace omen ee mada ciatemiatae BoD Nets cisisiwciseic
Serie eee tee ene ee uments ae eceosae A100 Ace sae 12, 610
(GES oF See ea Aes a Sina ea a A a ar PP ae EP
Detachedimessenver,.- +. ccssee ccs sce-scssc+ =e 9, 577 1, 957
TRabibjaseeee Ai bok oe Bale ee see Rae Se ee ie ees 92,097 | 97,361] 189, 458
Details of distribution.
Disposition. Eggs Fry. eee
Spotted catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) :
Arizona Fish Commission....-..... alae (arate ninis alsin isiaiwiataiatac cle site sees cman wi acme cmeaine 722
PBB UGA Een DIS LPICh OL WOLuMp Ideas ce isa Sos ee cate se|| eon facies sens |cconeee cm ae aoe 5
LANDIS SS Oe ONE OR er Seer H a CenISe: aricc I ce ese Rive ayaa SE Meine nesta 383
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Company’s ponds, near
“HGS OR 10 OS Reon Sebp or Seer eS CSD OO DCCEN Sct GSS CSE a SOS AAT BUSSE Amsen ame 325
Prec bar uletrenenls WialOrloOs Lilo aana~a-esescahsotecseeens |eceoecsvabess|-cameancesace 150
PMB UCATUS Tit yA Ones se atte ares sens fats sek obese sen ae cesaceses se acsce aesacence 100
Marca awasseennesriCedar Beach vind ¢- 52... .2-ss2e2t\ esr cccmaces cslccceccadaenne 125
STUB Tapa Gy avy 5 7 DEE ayn) ec Be [Se ee ee ear tr es ne toe ee 230
MmnerAGwal iver: near Wecorah. Lowa: 2425262 ccess55e|oteelll- see meee| scorer eosenee 200
PeuricoNe Liven smear OTrOsGOs, LOW ap osa-e2 255 cs nr «cis «ean he|\Saee cine sitias ee lasers oes ctociclnte 90
Wapsipinicon River, near Independence, lowa---..:----.|2.....--------|s2ess---c-sece 50
Medacehiver, Near ©adar) Rapids. Lowa aaes see eacseesens|< sae-n--skeceslonces cacecca ae 500
IWiatenIOG.. LONatsesre asec eces ce ete ness |e-cemcceeceeclesenecseeserien 500
Benak: NEAT Spirit) LakOwlOwaecs cat as-. fee ceesocces See seca seleeicte alba: caaekenabe 258
PMR Olan GCAT OLOStOn lO Walac-csese veeoe he aee see e een | seer adbecesnslamde ee ec etcus 147
-2 TESTE EDGR TT EGE TST oS Rr rr eg ae ge bl Len ea 360
PREG: Variant Cet ee See mre ere Rice SiS ie [ete lente eal Rae cheats 120
Mpnviancosmesn Nicholasville, Ky <.<222222shscudi. cuss ce seadecece teas slese cc saceaeaas 100
Wolan and Valley creeks, near Glendale, Ky-:--:--2:-2..-)os-c-cec-ceenclecee--escuence 50
PILbErS Moar war onstownyn Mii. . 5). eh eniie cls beer ieee oo. bets ew 300
mane CO lamiicakesnoan Onudallac., MaCh. 222242. .8/50 jaco Scenes anc ce scnescc|beecccsanee cee 300
Peaininelalco,aiear Gaduiac, Michoo..52oeta Ul Leo Eten Ao a SD Ts ae OS 307
PePICAM US 1M ISSOUEI soe soe ta. Netrctenc eae meee ek oe eae AI Noone eotee dl se nbcmatone 1, 050
NSW MORI CO Meee ne ceemaee e ote s stone cemaie a casciecuos necclee senses cases 225
OHO es eet Son eee ane nee eee loca idaceoacttaeae uke omaee 23
ENN AK oA NOA TC HATAGN “OMIOe ere tee eee os oe See nn ecw aoe ee leo es astoone 75
Mahonine River; near Leavittsburg, Ohio. <....22.-.222.|ococeece.cecee|eacececoeceees 60
PERC ANGST! LONUNVLV ANY. Acco or sae neee sate none ot s| Se ee secs ce |Seedee ac cmease 50
Hrenci reek meat dapid City. Os Dalcsee- i ots te oo secle oe. occ cescaaltewssaceccecne 200
White Clay and Porcupine creeks, on Pine Ridge Indian
EPEC mop La Kaen eye et ets ere oe eee none Un cme cintclaccan case wes oc|adaecacaucsont 445
Bruen Crook, near Huntingdon, Lenn: 222 5.s8scsessseccc|ece- ce. sscsec-|sacneeccucesce 150
(2 TPLPCLTEURS Rev API POS Bs SE Ee Re Oe [ee SE aos one 400
Dacksoniver, near Gear River, Vitginid=s.-o2.c.ccscc|eieccosscececae|sceccacccccace 94
Benen reek wear New Castle, Vaso teco sence oo ons cece co alemoe oes coca oben cccace eee 75
Applicants in washings SBE Baie SUM CO COS E Oe ne aCe Repeat: Ane (APE Rema atie ees t 125
BipaAke near ClenriMee, Wash. oi-cosccccse scones ccceleccaccatcwececltacccecescnecs 75
PEM Ke, seareLOOnmasIkG:-WaShie. oo sc atae fc nce oe Sadecel vc wee wees swaclecccccencccsen 50
Chain of Lakes near Waupaca, Wis.--...... codon Qpcepo:|jaacocatonbabed |SOsea-assnccc. 65
Carp (Cyprinus carpio) :
Applicants in Alabama 1, 340
" APTIZONA= saeccacnace aocen 1,301
Arkansas 1, 080
Colorado 136
Connechitut .-5..-.-20 202.09 Bigs - 2-<ccsceeleecca=nas- sosdleenotAscasess- 131

car *

128

Details of distribution—Continued.

Disposition.

Eggs.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Adults and

yearling.
Carp (Cyprinus carpio)—Continued.
Applicants in Delaware ...-...-.-.+ AROOIOOOOOOOONONIINNINS Snnnnnn Onnnnd Sennnnnnnneses 30
Delaware! Fish Commission’- 2222-2 3..% ooo daic asc eee | cena forecisietsetelo ctatae| Ula s wisteta arse = Sle 1, 400
Applicants ines uric ton © Olean ae ae a eet eee etal eter t eeeeeeetetalret 300
BP Orid a sels cree ae ae eee eee etree ae sal ee aero tele nec eeeeeinaee 1, 018
(GE WR Seago ee occ spader ceod ss ebocos sed so sels eeaesaus HeBc||sbose>oansos 5: 1, 545
Georpia pei shi Commissions see see eee eee see Jsnbsusscehdnon|scencincesosato 2, 000
Appalachee River, near Farmington, Ga........--.--..-- Vista Gpoietetorenretavatel| ets et atersine erste 1, 000
Oconee River, near Mount Vernon, Ga.-.........-..------ |stats ele Snes coeelieer 500
Wrabkin syle. Galea. cee acmanseeaaceiaes Iheyate fe B\Svare eee stotal | eicleieta sre wists eietes 500
SE unl aaa) ey eee ry Creo an Seb eGcondoe habe scoceeousooo|ld4ysodseoosoued 1, 000
Viellow, skiver anes own ebony Gaeta als sei tara sete leet lero ia tele seed isles aie ere eters alate 1, 000
AN obio ais Ta MGT soso e he conse = Sao Choosne steno co cua|boceenetossscellesssccaseccéoe 493
UNIS! nae sa seca seater cre ators as ae etn elton ree ate ete eel teehee caer 372
Tndianare spon beeen See sete neces Sete sieve ereeielist a yayrarele me tere teteteleretie 218
Indian Perritonry. 4. tise oe sciee sae ete eee ool eee len a) armicreverntatoers 103
TOWiBse se a ae anita <e eine etets = lee era etae ete ars | acimtetes tetera eee Brateare tie ka eteraTene bere 453
TRAM SAS HGS S552 LER ee eee SER SI recess eal eae ae tea 767
TEU (RSS oe oR SE pose cep pCobeubod p=nec ne ccade sallcémosoresssoos 130
Cumberland Riverwear Pintewillewkcye ass sets sete eta ee | once | eterna ieee 2, 000
At plicants IneluoOuIsian al] coe soseae es eecaeeey soe ae eee as Hite: Beatie BELG) Canes ie oe 105
Main Gh an aaaeeeeecaaene nits so Severna eee ioc Seteee ene tte eeeeitemres 150
WPT AMEN eae oe eee sascoor GoASASopeeocensne aE Er eeer oh Sl saeco snnaaee 387
MarylandsHish/Commission)-----------+5--++=sssiee= ese = |1daxescictatestterm eine | Mien sctemctoe as 1, 030
Applicants in’ Massachusetts.--.------.:-2-ccss..-<:-s-- ReERaeMeaeacab Spsasconerosas 200
NGG) Mee eereedeeeraecurecds sacoot ones Eaoaocascacicod|loc cebaccacccce 102
Mann GSOtate. cts fucne ceinnscisiccc ein e=-siae estas cree cinete eee oie all ae eee areas ome 118
Minnesotartiish Commission’ -2..ccksc2 ces cee coe cs ce ee oe clloceoeae meee el cam eleeieteieecieiers 1, 500
J Myay Dea) TNL NEI 0) Ole ome a Sac nesossaad SoSebossode) Seoceseroudcss||\Soacsaseanasac 136
MUS SOUII Soe c eee en eis eesleh Geis aici eset el ese asic ise eae listeriosis steele 628
Montitan ain... 2 ac an, «Somes aceeeeen hos cen Son | Sean ae@ecececlleaneeeesaenere 321
iNew, Hampshire ent misma saeictetstciere oie eloinrell reise cee eine | eet eens 30
ING Wid OLSOY = cc sa dcce cores ork ceseceesceatallssense ec sesame | Sesscmeemeeeee 120
New Mexico2.4 jovssicisasscsoeete cdsee dll Sencar sia eSeete | Ceeweccemesene 360
Ne we Mion pe scien ot nate scence eee eects Bese SESE RoE ee CEE ee ee 2, 530
North Carolinasee das scesen an cosines sone seer een srneee cet teeeceeasee 1, 844
Neuse River:near/ Goldsboro; Ni: Cs 2 so eccccmcssace sean as cee eneene le acter ee tee 3, 936
z ING WDONIIG Nia Oseeicnic cone ss aces sie ste ace | eee eerie te | Ore ern 1, 592
RoanokerRiver:mear Weldon. UN. Co.cecccsecclecen acces eae eens eee ees | ere Eee 3, 936
rent River Meir NEw DEEN WN Cicaacc saverb cet scec mas oleus seen nee eiee | Ceeeene eee eee 2,344
‘Applicants an “North Dakota. 222 22 2: saci ccicew sie oe cites | ae oe seis oe | |emeete eee 900
QOhi0.. 2 bees eecind caine cnence aoe eee ae alee Re cee anes | eteate reer 545
Oklahomareiesesecsd see siccsen esa dees sis «(toe eeeeaed wees eeewaeeer eee 373
QTO PONS 5ese hse os cee sens sine se ae ae sc ee emis ol SoS eceieee seers See eee nee 6
Peunsylwania.. 5 \--ons)s= se eis ee ces Slee e nom [ee tesieeiaceaton |e meee cess 1, 108
Rhode Wsland=. «255. fo25 ses sts cesquetress 5] baer ote eee ee | eae ere 30
South Carolinas ois cesnc sees ae ec = chjacdcleee = Seesoee ne a | aera ee 558
South Dakotal i. foes so te eee ete oo oe lees spon eee See ceeeee eee 608
Streams on Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, S. Dak.-.....|-.----.--.----|----c--s-ee0- 4, 900
Ap pliGants; in: -MeOnn GSS66:2 <i t.ce-< sees siaeclere oie tae ee On eee ea eee ea Ree eee eee 344
ef ea he a a een pC eye (Roe Wari ale Dh oaeduGedoue 939
LORIE ee eee enemies ae ee ER OR SA. | eene ae Teale Cale ena eboasSsn 3, 139
VUNG oo ee isle ya arate eipis = ticleinte sae ceie eis lee cis oe eee | ae ee ee 2, 744
VaMesyRiver Near ChHMON, Wider oe ces eee nine ccleaner ee eee 3, 936
Applicants: in Wrashin oton.= sols cone see tise teenies eel Caen ee oe Eee ner 225
West, Vanginiae. = osc toactcacsa se sosmancke lace ce eens meee eee ee eee 200
WiOSt Vircinia Kish ®OmMISSLON once ce cee eee eee eee es ee ee ee 1, 000
PAP DLCGRMtS MY WASCONSINY cfc toe as Ce a cicero seer eee ache cle rel eee re ee eae 410
IWASConsin Mish Commissions so 22 2 ccs aes ae eer eee eee ees pe 10, 000
Applicants in Wyoming ....-.. ES ert eee oy ge A Dovel (nh 9 SC tie | ee 30
Ontario ish, Commission. Cama acc cee: icc eae cle eee ell eee te eee eae | ee ears 300
Tench (Tinca tinea): f
PAP DICATIES ANAT KANSAS =a samc ce re eee cia eae eer re re et eee eee 300
MelawaresHiSh (COMMISSION scaoe x toe tects ce eee Ree ae | oes ee ees pa ee 300
PAP DH CSMES pum GIMUISS OMT sym oc e. nisms lye aie eae ener eR | aan el cree Sree 25
MagsourintIs hiC OMMISSION “3.550 onc cae et tite ala eee Cra eee eee te eee 5, 000
Meramec River at crossing of St. L.and S.F. Rwy., Mo..|...........---|..---------¢-- 6, 430
Atp DLGants un MISSISSIPPI sen occ2 ene ae ae cae piece eee ee alee s doe eree aoe Eeee ee ee ee 100
ColoradopRiver® near Austin exes acces ncte es ceotace secce ne tee cee sneer eae 1, 500
panuMarcos River near Sanw Marcos Lex. cen anieee ae rs | See ete ieee eee | eee eee eeeree 1, 500
Golden ide (Idus melanotus) :
Applicants An UMissomrisssene.c ceed eieten as Goes iaaels aac oe nee ee net oe Sat SEE See eee 10
INOW? Gr ke ee oe otk Sie Se ae re sates eee) oteflcce datas he a ere Serge tetera Se 100
Novth t@arolimar yrs saeoese eae ace errata Geet ae bee Ree ee neaee oe 10
Goldfish (Carassius auratus) :
PA pplicarits) i A laa Sa sere cet ee ae oe a re ee Se ey eae ae 76
Arkansas (222 oss S23 Steen eg teaaee eee ne | Mee ee eer 8 |e cele eee 171
Coloradow: osc Sis eae ke eacccesere Ose eee | Gace tee eee nena se eae 43
Connecticut <545-<cenceeiaeblestige aos aeeen oe nei ee eee See eee 37
Dela Wares. sae mite hes se ene Sees Oar ae ee teas | Senn eae aes eee 76
District of Columbiang ess. cesses teen leet eee eee en eee ci eee 2,146
sth Coy os Ce eee Neda i se ME NEA eee Pe BAS olltsdna hac eeoor 100
GeOr ia eee cease ee aera A ae TE St eo | eer ee 202
Td Ghose) 2 seit she Soe sense elo ee Has o Sap re) SE See a | eg ae ee 4

—
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 129
Details of distribution—Continued.
Disposition. Eggs. Fry | ae

}

Goldfish (Carassius awratus)—Continued.
Applicants in Illinois s\n a(aia(u(o,a\niais(e\n(al|aiaieln a/aleja\e/oiaia=in 742
Indiana 133
Indian Territory 40
TO Witict ea cinicin- ences 159
Kansas 456
Kentucky 121
Louisiana 148
IW Bo. oe Bano cocbonbocecasoEcecnneae 8
INMassachpyesevtsees ss sess) 2cl)= <elnnisisice= nels 139
VES GT OANA wre we inral wie wlalmlola ie ale = ayes min minim ajmiale= 113
IW OSER GIGS Sige sboaels SSAC SEnBORaHEere cee 52
Mississippi -.-...----------------+-+--+-+--- 68
DMGSS GUE e eee nna ese aa cinie) jaioiaaiciciatanaes 1, 723
ING DES CL LEE SR SEAR Ap eepine soba enonenoe 24
New Hampshire 14
ING@WiOLSOYia= 222.26 -5- = 183
ING We NGO Kee oe) opr are =e aii acia asia aialsieieic we eis 523
North Caroling) S278 aspen sacs -iesls 272
ODIO ES ee oe 2 win hie eee crnieiatereiatets, apare 598
Oka hanlatyeneets, tel ecto as cere cicic ne icialelals(si 4
TEErr SW bight Roa bees sede coos Osceebennoce 1,114
Rhodepistandeseasc cess seasias cesses = 8
South: Carolinas sess sale s<scactem sje es aapee as 95
South Dakota onc ecient iso4cic.,cisses ee alas a'srai|« 28
FE GNNESEEONaar eae 2 eee jo cas cocenasseseccs 350
DOSASU Ee sciad.c coo cauliak Senco ge 60
Utahisestcenteeacecens soca. = 90
Virginia 2, 280
Wiashinetonice <'Ssiccoaacmcusoeremscecececin 4
WIGS DMVeID CUNT a. temieiese eG oeennnicine tone 154
RWS COMSINM mee eS onto S oo cao cee ciee oleae 30

Shad (Clupea sapidissima). ; |

United States Fish Commission ponds, Washington, D.C.|------.------- a(1, 444, 000)|..........
Brandywine Creek, Wilmington, Del. .........--...-----.|----------+--- 9. 287 000 Waco mcmeme
Manteo keuRLyer. SCAlOrde Wel. «= c.as ese eee teamed aceite parece cet mimje.s 870/000) 2 -- ee eee
eats pSCO River, elayishanlons Md ee celninemae anejecian « 215: 000) |aa- en 4
Isto RAVOl UAITG) PMU satis cael? cn ciaeinimemeaiose| secant ete <-- 405, 000" ete <=. <.-<15 mt
inns River: Bush, Riven station, Md to 5.5 scccenecsccceue|penienewncacnne A SOO0KOU0) em ann = ote are
Manta lash hiver, NOT Hash, Od soos ace ncamcn ce ences closes a bimsks aie TTT M000 eee ante as
Race RiVOE!) SACK RIVEL SLIGO; WEG.) See =< cis os aja seiain eepec «| selena olan Tee DO nOUO ues noe ere
muokahosw@reek, Queen Anne, May foo so. ac ccm nye seme ann nnn a onesies G00 000 eset te
Ue R EVO TAME LKMONI SIU eo arcjoisterclatsyass.e = <n1='sivioicieis im sieieiciereisi ae «|e <tsiepa alae ae 2, 220, 000s |. steers se
MNesberi hivers CHEStELCO WA Gis soc - cece sins agiacieinicicin mulls ne ctenije<joncle An 000M laces tee
Gunpowder River, Gunpowder station, Md...............|.----.-------- 1, 800 00n ae seme
PREG COPRAV OL p SALLS ELD yay WU rem mi ole amie nino wien) arc maaimiaayalmiewieie= wel ol=iaini S20 000 Seererteraetate
rant PONG nOArENOTLOM cs MISS seo ages tne nie ie em sien sale = Sree sec Seieiniace BOOS OOU) pan. caeret
AnNtOn RIVED near Lanunton, Mass) o- <2. .2 tec. --mcloms ace mn-m er OBS) ONO) esc. arteets

Hearrels Branch, tributary to Shoal Creek, tributary to |
Spring River, tributary to Neosho River, Missouri..-...|...-.-.-------|.-------------| 5 200,000
Mniswarcehiver ve Orb iervisy NENG akon ccesonc et ceeecee alo cecn canon Gen G00) 00001: ieee
Gallicoone NANG seen oe ete cee sacs se amcinsee| senescence ues 450,000 oe. 2. eater
Melaware Water Gaps, Pac <\isime scien =| emeinimnintn an aininse 1129: O00) |e oe acteyain
Wnekaweaxent, Pao) soso ecco cise once ceireccl| secant sarees 750, VOU) pee eaeeee
Womber Creek, near GIOUCeSter, ON oO) «ne niccn on = 2m nsieein scien acme mnie sel © 744.000) | ssoe seine
Wividine Creek, Dividine Creek, Ni. Jd. ---.--.<.-+-.0055--]s-necmacennens 710, OOD" Ie <oeteiomicte
PEERS IVOr) GOlMSHOLO NN Osea ee nao me cide cg tie maine |melninis wnnle on ees Doo UUM jeeiaetaae are
Branch of Cape Fear River, near Wallace, N.C..-........|-------------- PRP C8 Ny ee eee
TANGLE VOL: NEAL MM bOTbOM No Coe - s- onic ie ce wise ciaclmieiel| wim wreres aja acim are 350000) gan ah ae cee
Susquehanna River, near Battery Island, Md_.---....---.|--.-.-.--.---- as ON ee ce nett
Port Deposit, Md. - 2. 2-2 e<si0-)5|= 25sec cincinesc 37,600) QO0s| 25 aan =
Columbia Paes oo ces coe nalee ote ateee ae DOL 000)|2 322 aoe
Laie ye OG hy 2 eA ee ees | eee See TON O08 eae seats
Ped he Boulos baie meee ate a taco | Se claim acters isin T8005 C00 os smear
RETGSOMERUVED NOATWATHONS: IN, Vc cee satin eee nia clean cclG acne wc ente ee 7, STA nOU0E | neni. aces
Gonparce River, near Columbia, S. ©. -- oe - aon 5 «onic me |mnnim == wm nenle win Te G60. FOO ences ae
Chappawansie Creek, Quantico, Va......-.--..-----.----- SL CUO en ncaa
Weabsco Creek, Freestone, Va.....-----.----------+------ OT U0 Uns cates
Mattapony River, near Milford, Va...-.....--.--..------- Sa UUW eter claret
Stony Creek, Stony Creek station, Va...............----- Boe) COU ee eee
Baapidanehivers Rapidans Va ...0.5<cccemccecccs-nsse-5055% 200; O00 Shao 2satee's
Otter River, Evington, Va ........-.....-....-......- 292; 000) | = ence ee
Rappahannock River, Fredericksburg, Va SOO O00 TFs -eesterate
| 12 Ge LETS) OF TA C2) 7 ANE ee eg ee a AOS OO0) | eemcorstes
Potomac River, Washing#on, D. C...........-.--...-....- Beneeaaa OHee eer eR Rete ¢ 600, 000

a Deposited for rearing and distribution in fall of 1893.

b Estimated product of 700,000 fry deposited in rearing-ponds at United States Fish Commission
Station, Neosho, Mo.
¢ Estimated product of 1,989,000 fry deposited in rearing-ponds of the United States Fish Commis-
sion at Washington, D. C.

f F, R. 93-——_9
>

130 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Details of distribution—Continued.

Disposition. Eggs.

Adults and
yearling.

Quinnat salmon (Oncorhynchus chouicha) :
California Wish Commissions: 2222222. ----=--=0s=c=\s22 = 3, 530, 000
McCloud River; near Baird) Calgssos- 32 -- ee eee eeeeeee eens acaeeseses
Redwood Creek, near) Baird Ranch, Cale..t---es.e-e ees ee|oesaeee coe ee
Trinity River, HortiGaston|Calssasscceseeteeseecakieeeane | sance sacs ener
Clackamas River, near Clackamas, Oreg ....-...--..-----|------+00---2-

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) :
Connecticut Kish Commission:-...-::-.--..-..-.-2---20--
New Mork HishiCommissionass+-sse-e eee eee eee eee eee ee
New Hampshire Fish Commission ....................---
Alamoosook Lake, near Craig Brook, Me................

Landlocked salmon (Salmo salar var. sebago) :

Commodore’ Club;-Hartland Mees. -=-0- pease cee teens ae
Green Lake, in Hancock County, Me .........--.---....-
ToddyPond, neariOrland Mets. cae as-s-- eee
Grand Lake and Grand Lake Stream, in Washington

(Cin ui Ae INI) es 58 Gn SMa caer oc ae aoansaccadaddanaans

Loch Leven trout (Salmo levenensis) :

He eAUeA dams Boston Massy seee ose meer misltecatetebioteite tate
Geo. M. Brown, for F. and P. M. Rwy. Co., Saginaw, Mich.
Minnesota PushiCommission..-ssenses essa eee
New Hampshire Fish Commission. .-.--...--..-.----------
Brora Os Sasaki eloOkyOnd ADAMS 22. cee tae aeeiete
W.P. Greenough, La Chévrotiére, Quebec, Canada...-..
iuester River near Duluth; Minn 5 .¢ fesse fans tasicee=--tlciee| ><a nne seen ene
ONTO I Shs COMMISSLONUE Y= seni sce ae onsite oteinieleniete = leteictatatall sae sereeiericete

Jao bieeRaisy ihe, WW yOimul et a Saeonds conn coos ODO poe oon|loscastougooo se lanoscaooodd6aS

Rainbow trout (Salmo tirideus) :

Maryland Fish Commission.........--.--------.---------
Minnesota -Hishy Commissions cesses eeceeaieteie staat
Missouri Bish Commissiontine-==<2nescicdesiecaaisicielsaeissre
Nebraska sHish) GCommissionigess. <2 --sacace seeeics casas
G. W. Thayer, Provo City, Utah...
Vermont Hish’ Commission). ee soe scsee sas eee mee cee
John H. Gordon, South Bend, Wyo
C. Raveret-Wattel, Fécamp, Seine Inférieure, France...
Prof. C. Sasaki, Tokyo, Japan---......---.-..------------
Emil Warner, Swiss consul, Havre, France, for the Goy-
ernment of pwitzerlandss-s-e-eceee eae eeeee eens
Trinity River, near Fort Gaston, Cal.......-.-...-...2..Jsesasecen--o--
Applicants in) Districtiof Columbians san= .]=2cem a= ae enee| == eee ee
Wiha bhi los SSceaanoosmsoneanancodessaaas
Walker Run, near Hagerstown, Md..........--.......-..
ihakewrie, near Eat-in bay. Ohlone soon s esses eases
Warner Mill Creek, near Chanceford, Pa
‘Applicantsjim Varoinidier see setese =a cecieaes ace emeemeaens
Sandy River, near McGregor, Minn........-.-.--.-----..
Partridge River, near Okwanim, Minn.........-....-.---
St Croix hiver, near Gordon) WIS ssess> asses ate eee le eee nee eee
Wihitewhiver mear Mason \WiS'-nec-ssen eee ene secesicceses aeaeenemescit
Ap plicamtsiim AU alb ame je arerele/eelee cine etene eee ne aie eae
WAT Kansas eens c meee clameeeee aaeeeee ce wear
Crystal Lake, near Eureka Springs, Ark.....-..-.------
Mine! Creek, near Nashville: Ark ti: 22csc0sss222 ccensce-
Black Fish Lake, in St. Francis County, Ark
Silver/Springs; near Rogers,:Agk 2. .52 scnece see eeeeee eee
Lower Evergreen Lake, in Lake County, Colo......-...-.-
Applicants in District of Columbia ......-.......-..--..-
Georgia soe tee cet One o eee eee eee ee
PUIN GIGS PF Aa ee cece meeL eee aac nanere

Bloody Run, pear McGregor, Iowa..-......---.----------
Des Moines River, near Ottumwa, Iowa....--------------
Des) Moines; Towa-s.-2s-es sesso

Mississippi River, near Dubuque, Iowa....--.....--...--
Ap pliGantsnin Kansas Moe ce sae sel seeisek ela hiseeare cee
Strangers Creek, near Atchison, Kans.........--..--.----
Deer Creek, near Atchison, Kans......--.-2--5--.-5----.-
Crane ‘Creek, near London, Ky, 5: -2-..= 26+ ese since csi
Applicants im Asonisianasece see scnanereaecemeamateeaeeerr
Weasel, Gaboacsdoscesoosegcaspoedoduedss

Bennett Creek, near Frederick, Md...................----
ipallencer Creek, near Mrederick IM@a--eeeetecee- aan eaan| sere eee eee
First and Second Mine runs, near Towson, Md...........|--------------
Walker Run, near Hagerstown, Md.........-..--..-.-..2-|.0-0--0-------
Shoemaker and Silver runs, near Brooklandville, Md .....].---.-.-------
Seven Brooks, near Glynd ony Mdbereereaes eee aeee eae pee seneeeee ans

Applicants in. Missouriic. <ces.< cence an eee ener ee aee seine Scere
Current River,'near/ChiltonfMo_cerenscsers see ece eee eee el eee i
Shoal’ Creek, near Neosho. Mo 2 jes ao acicnwemeour aeneele| /eeeemeemerias

Grambyai Woe ee memset aerate eee eee ae | eater
Barbee Lake, near Ritchey, Mot... 2. c452 ssa are eee ose e lode eee meena
Indian: Creek, near: Ha gles Malls; Mo. 2 - esses seme seen eee meee aera

533, 100
170, 000
487, 200
4, 100, 000

sete cece ee

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Details of distribution—Continned.

131

Disposition.

Rainbow trout (Salmo irideus)—Continued.

Indian Creek, near Lanagan, Mo
South Fork of Buffalo River, near Pratts Place, Mo
Baynham Branch, near Neosho, Mo
Hickory Creek, near Neosho, Mo
Big Lost Creek, near Racine, Mo
Elk River, near Pineville, Mo
Rutledge, Mo
South Fork of Elkhorn River, near Indian Springs, Mo-.
Crane Creek, near Crane, Mo
Missouri Fish Commission
Applicants in New Jersey
Stony Creek, near Delaware, N.J
Raritan River, near Trenton, N.
Applicants in New York
Wiscoy Creek, near Bliss, N. Y
Applicants in North Carolina
Flat Creek, near Black Mountain, N.C
Broad River, near Black Mountain, N.C
Honing Creek, near Asheville, N.C
Toms Creek, near Marion, N.C
Public streams near Linville, N.C
Applicants in Pennsylvania
Hawkes Pond, near Scranton, Pa
Mountain Branch, near Houtzdale, Pa..-.-.-....-----.----.
Cabin Branch, near York, Pa
Cold Spring Brook, near Susquehanna, Pa
Streams near Jermyn, Pa
Falling Springs, near Chambersburg, Pa
EP SR RIN AS, TEAL MLOTIN Exdlacte (eld im slain aiee os sami mela (alm =
Dennis Run, near Coatesville, Pa
Steen Run, near Coatesville, Pa
Alder Run, near Kylertown, Pa
Morgan Run, near Clearfield, Pa
Youngs Run, near Coatesville, Pa
Cook Run, near Coatesville, Pa
Powell Run, near Coatesville, Pa
Long Run, near Gaines, Pa
Elk Creek, near Toughkenamon, Pa
Starrucca Creek, near Susquehanna, Pa
Brandt, Pa
Black Lick Creek, near Conemaugh, Pa
Lackawanna Creek, near Burnwood, Pa
Beaner Creek, near East Hickory, Pa
Canawasto Creek, near Susquehanna, Pa
White Deer Creek, near Milton, Pa
Hemlock Creek, near Brandt, Pa
Wild Cat Creek, near Brandt, Pa
Tunkhannock Creek, near Susquehanna, Pa
Pickering Creek, near Pheenixville, Pa
Lamb Creek, near Mansfield, Pa
a Roaring Creek, near Shamokin, Pa
Ridley Creek, near Chester, Pa
Nanon Creek, uear Du Bois, Pa
Mill Creek, near Tioga, Pa
Haller Creek, near Richland, Pa
Harvey Creek, near Nanticoke, Pa
West Branch of Susquehanna, near Lock Haven, Pa
Susquehanna River, near Driftwood, Pa
Allegheny River, near Coudersport, Pa
Black Lick River, near Ebensburg, Pa
Applicants in South Carolina
Long Cane Creek, near Abbeville, S. C
Cullasoga River, near Walhalla, S. C

Applicants in Tennessee.....-- Joo apes ce eeesicme Bites tees asta ee

Piney River, near Spring City, Tenn...............-..-.-
Doe River, near Roan Station, Tenn
Public streams, near Johnson City, Tenn
Applicants in Texas

Cypress Bayou, near Jefferson, Tex

Se es

Mireri@reek, Néar Wutland, Vitec ----veccceecuceosncccees

Mill Creek, near Middleway, W. Va
Cheat River, near Cheat Bridge, W. Va
Little and Big Plowrivers, near Stevens Point, Wis
Applicants in Virginia
Algoma Lake, near Howardsville, Va
Bold Brook, near Louisa, Va
South Fork and Roarin

Pinkley Branch, near W theville, Va
Bens Run, near Boyce, Va
Laurel Run, near Lexington, Va
Cameron and Four Mile runs, near Four Mile Run, Va -.
Mountain streams near Greenwood Depot, Va

Branch, near Big Stone Gap, Va.

| Adults and
yearling.

1, 945
600

i"

He ND bet et

132 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Details of distribution—Continued.

Adults and

Disposition. Eggs. Fry. yearling.

Rainbow trout (Salmo irideus)—Continued.
Mountain streams near Cleveland, Va --ccsscscsnsnnsnncs|acccencaeunecs|sccscsccnac--- 800
Stony Creek, near Liberty Furnace, Va..---.---..---.--.|
Calhoun Creek, near Big Stone Gap, Va...-.-..--.--------
Hawksbill'Creek, neartiuray, Vaseec------ sno eee a
Goose and Cococton creeks, near Clark Gap, Va ....------
Barbour Creek, near Craig City, Va.-.....---..----------- |
Mil) Creek, near Craig City, Va-_-....---..--:---=---------
Healing Creek, near Hot Springs, Va
Falling Spring Creek, near Hot Springs, Va..---.-.---.---)
Jackson River, near Hot Springs, Va. -.-.-..--------.----
Piney River, near Culpeper, Va...----..--- Ses oesse ae
New River, near Point Pleasant, Va--.-..-...-..----------
Cow Pasture River, near Millboro, Va.-.-......-..--------
Catawba River, near Fincastle, Va -.....--.-ceeccseesenes

Von Behr trout (Salmo fario) :

Connecticut Fish Commission.....---..-..........-..----
Maryland bish Commission] oe ssce= ecm -=isiselelt is isinesiainc
Mannesotatish CommMiIssiones «=.= s-)-= = seeee =e celeste
Nebraskas Phish’ Commission: 22-2. see so. eee cee siesone
New Hampshire Fish Commission.........---------.-----
Mormontsbish CommMmissiole sea teas see eie miei etelawieate
Otto Gramm, Laramie, Wyo.......--.----------- ulineniele
Prot Capasaki Roky or dapanins oe senso alors
W. P. Greenough, La Chévrotiére, Quebec, Canada .....-
Redwood Creek, in Humboldt County, Cal ..--....-...-.-.

Uneva Lake, in Summit County, Colo.-.......-.-.....-.-
Wellington Lake, near Buffalo, Colo. .....----------------
Twin Lakes, near ‘Twin Lakes, Colo.........-----.-------
Strain River, neariuyons, Coloi:-22----s----54--5e==
Deer Creek, near Baily, Park County, Colo.-...-.---..--.-
Boulder Creek, near Boulder, Colo..-..---...--.----------
Rock Creek, in Lake'County, Colo -.--2-..-.-..--..-.-5--
Fryingpan Creek, in Pitkin County, Colo..........-.....
Arkansas River near Salida, Colos: 225 ss2-20s+e5-5 -se ae
Lake Park, in Lake County, Colo ...-.-..........-....---
ApDplicantsin sl dah Ossesese mee saa see ee eee res seeeee reer

IMassachusebts!stis iste accse- oe secsceeeee

IV Chi ram Weeee semen ists acta eet iso esate ees

Nebraska Mish" Commission -2.c5se---22-52- se see eeeee
South Branch, near Trenton, N.J.=-.------------0.-2----
Demorest Creek, near Congers, N. Y..---...--+:---------
Analomink Creek, near Delaware Water Gap, Pa.-.....-.
A pplicantsdnvexas..2s8 et soe senses aes eee eco
AM plicantsan Vermonmbsesossac-onces eee eeeer eee aesteeee
Otter) Creek niearabroctors W bs= 522226 e ee eee
Vermont ish: Commrission=e ss: on-s-> oe seceee eae a aemee
Black-spotted trout (Salmo mykiss) :
Wey Omni e EiS bi COMM ISS1ON =. -n Seta ete ateie)se ateleetaae
Otto Gramm; Waramiey WW y0rese see e ee esata see eee
H.M. Orahood, Buffalo Creek, Colo

Applicants sini Coloradosseene see. Aeneas ee nossa a eases

Wellington Lake, near Buffalo, Colo

Twin Lakes, near Snowden, Colo.....-...---------------- 7, 000
Mammoth Creek and Lake, near Central City, Colo......|.-..-....-.---|..--------.0-- 7, 000
Michigan Creek, near Jefferson, Colo.....--------------- 1, 000
Grizzly Creek, near Glenwood, Colo......-.---...---.-- 1, 000
Meer Creek, near Baily wColome e-em ee eee eae 2, 000
ATKaANSAN MALY Gr NCALy SAl1da, (OOlOm ae sees eee ee neeee 2, 000
Lower Evergreen Lakes, in Lake County, Colo 500
Minnesota ish Commission=+=- -cosssso5--22 shee ee ones 1, 000
Sun River, near Great Falls, Mont-...........-..- 5, 000
Belt Creek, near Goodman, Mont.....=..-.....-- 1, 000
Little Sheep Creek, near Lima, Mont..............-..-.- 2, 000
Humboldt River, near Elko, Nev.....-.---..------<-22-2- 4,925
Whaisconsin Mish Commission. -25-2202-ssceeeneestieoseeene 3, 600
Ap plicantsin Wry OMingercees yeaa ee eames eee eee 5, 000
Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) :

Troutdale Fish Farm Co., Mammoth Springs, Ark....-.- SYOOOM ieecmats shee
Flint and Pere Marquette R. R. Co., per G. M. Brown,
Saginaw, Mich.\2o1csseG 252 eae eee ee eee eee
Minnesota Kish Commission: 2.25 2-coeeeesen oeee eee eee
Oregon Fish Commissions. o25ees s-e beers eee eee eee eee
Vermont ish (Commissiony-.oseesse eee nee eeee eee
Applicants!in Colorado:: -)-- lessee eessseeeeeee see
Uneva Lake, in Summit County, Colo
Wiellincton ake; near ButtalosC@olossss ee eeeee eee eral nese eee een eae eee ee
Lake Edith, near Idaho Springs, Colo

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Details of distribution—Continued.

133

é es ‘ | Adults and
Disposition. Eggs. Fry. | yearling.
Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)—Continued.
Ghwin Lakes, near Snowden; Coloz.....--.----<acecsscsceslaccces aia (ererayers = | esldia’aleretnla se o-- 5, 000
Mammoth Creek and Lake, near Central City, Colo......|...-..........|.-..--.--.0-- 6, 000
PaHCCPIE NOLS a HORI COUN Aes OO Ob te miccra state rs niawe sano bev cies | eee eevee ceneine [sere creel ee imate 1, 000
Poxus Crook. nesn=OCOlopaxien COlO. - ce. a= 200 eons = so es'-<|Unstcuciecnenstinecuue se seoees 300
(siireahy Orgel ssn GEmn (Glen koi CC) Ge Sooc epee aECeOEOBee| MAases aS SeeBme Han Semer crore 1, 000
Plea Cree neal GeOreeLO wily COlOness se 22cm ae emis oc ae lnees ee cee ee e| ae son cemenceae 2, 000
ponder Creek, Neat BOUT |\WOlLOkesctises cc ann nec nave <~=| rose casa =e2s| yp esenee aeeeee 1, 000
reCHHorim Creek, NealiGraineros; COlOs. coos at ececctescal cess cwee cee ameletac ace Gees 1, 000
ery pany Orel NGAP TN OLTIC{ COlO: case <a oom \scn cieinn asie| roc see micnes oa |ncctmaseiamueee 2, 000
Simran Ven Near lVyONS: COlOsc as semen nc vou ceedessics|nocwsereee cee Ion gonna geene 1, 000
PER RANSAS TV Or. NOAH Sala OOlO s)s occ wc l-s soe s stec eaaniceloocem ne ececece|ecaseep cuentas 1, 000
North Fork of South Platte River, in Jefferson Co., Colo..|...........-..|...--...------ 10, 800
North Fork of North Platte River, near Walden, Colo..-..|...........--.|..---.-2--00-- 1, 000
anne wake it Wake! County COs. a.canmic =~ sem enna sss|seenceesesnss|paeeesaneenene 1, 500
ok Croan ake Oountys COlosse. 22 s-see es see see see leo: Seaman les we aceameneee 2, 500
South Platte River, in Park and Jefferson counties, Colo.-.|..............|.-.--..--..--- 5, 000
Redwood Creek, in Humboldt County, Cal 915
Three Creeks, in Humboldt County, Cal.-...............-- 50
Supply Mill and Fish Tang creeks, near Hoopa Valley, Cal.|...........--.|.----..-.----- 5, 900
PAC PLGANGS IN UNG AN a ocean mie mnie man mmm iam em omiel= elec eine Secie aeleamee neues an 800
MAING sarerisle eran ae etaate enema aieeatnce |e Seca epee ae teresa ante wee 500
PRINMOOSOOk: Hake Near Oplamdy N@atc. secs cee cee cinivn ly aeee ease vee sel eemeneoaecetes 97, 564
MGOKG Ont: NEA EH arilatid. MVR apse est se Asjaeias ot seca oeweecnecesee ol eemac caeea ems 1, 970
Mult brook, near North Amherst, Miass= > -cscc-5- -scome ss |sccscncaceeets|cancceescnee ee 500
WWinately Brooks near w hately, Mass.ct-.2ci55 ia<cccecnes|ccccceescece ce 200
EGA LOOK, NEAL ELOLyOK@ MASS ao. canter. seeecee~-ceeslecccees boemenee 300
AiO LUG Ode CHISOUMIGH seer. ostace ace t eect cece tac oboe ecame 1, 000
Wiank Oreek, near Grand Rapids, Mich. 25-0 ssheeco ssl li naccs loses 500
indian Mill Creek; near Grand Rapids, Mich...--..-..22-}.2-2-- 2-202. 500
Guana River mean NOrvell Mice. sos cnccin- tcc acstesemeclioeeceducceees 500
iBnevoorh Lake, near Moran Mich=...-..-ssa-ss-cuss cee. t|sosence occ enee 978
PilverMake: near Quote, Migho 2220. coc asta ae canewies|lccccne asses oe 300
Hickory Creek, in Newton County, Mo..-.........-.--...|......-------- 900
PRDUC AUIS REM. VIIBSOURN soa. se nein acc celta cieials misc atuen = (Me ooo eee ens 100
Wake Weslie; near Mlkhorn, Monte .2 2.022 + s.c-cuscncs ee lagen aces wanes « 2, 000
‘ Upper Elkhorn Creek, near Elkhorn, Mont..-...........-.|........--.--- 5, 000
Goodman Creek, near Goodman, Mont ......-..-......---|....--..-=---- 3, 000
Moni Creek..near-A naconda MONt- re sees ssancc- Se beseccele lo cease eens 2, 000
Eattle Sheep! Creek, near Lima, Mont; . 5. 2660-2 seet ene nc eaten acnae 4, 000
PEP Es HF ICATDSTITENN OULAS EBs vatacaiso cals ni ose waste saaaee senior iene ueemecics 900
Wier Creek near Opallala Nebr es ss yee emis csinwien logos wanioaeeninc 5, 000
Middle Loup River, near Halsey, Nebr.....--..--.--.....|....-..--.---- 5, 000
Opies ka Minh COMMISSION a2 2 o52 05 Soaseact aces acesce see cote uceaeee 6, 000
Applicants im INew Hampshires 2.032. << ceece oe seccsee |Soaccasesceeus 500
MaPliebroke Near Nashnid. NE ccosc ec ecense cnbeeees ee tele eae o cl cee 400
Santa Fe River, near Santa Fe, N. Mex.-...-..--....---.|......----2-6- 4, 850
Muscencton: Creek, near Trenton, Ned. <t---:2--.---se6.-l) no mec ecee ee 1, 285
MaKe VAGW. Node isMiarok IN| 1 Dake enc csons cease coos Selsene cure caaene 4, 970
Mror Oreck, neat, London, Oi0\s. 46 yates ascaecc sche see|olo- es nt oboe 800
A ppucants in ennsylvamines Oe. . 22. 25552652250 eee hs | cnc ee eek 100
Meadow Brook, near Scranton, Pa.......----..---...--.- iE Aa ch 0th ne 500
ose Brook, near Honesdale, Pa. .2..22...22-.2 cere nee Apne ee end 500
Tributaries of Dyberry Creek, near Honesdale, Pa-....-..|............-- 1, 560
Little Dyberry Creek, near Honesdale, Pa...............|.....------.--- 500
Hackawanna Creek, near Uniondale, Pa-...-.2-22.:22 ec ale 973
obyhanna River, near Tobyhanna, Pa .....-..--...--0..|c.c00seec8--- 800
Black Lick River, near Ebensburg, Pa..-........--...-.. Bae eh Stereo 500
Nuhite River neartarttord, Vit=<-.-....0ssnsesanscecece (2 eA Se, aaa etree 1, 000
Wier Creek near eroctor. Vit-. =... S.0-0s. esses eee cok | Sefer ae eee 3, 000
aswemeCreok near EOCLOL.: Vt. == <a -~ sre ocaee coe bonus celtc esos eee acne 1, 200
Beechwood Lake, near Marinette, Wis...........----.... eros arene 500
Miller and Barker creeks, near Barron, Wis .---.-..-----|....--.------- 950
Hay Creek, near Marinétte, Wis -)2...2..2.-.....-.--.--6 hs cet ref octet 500
Pokegama Creek, near Rice Lake, Wis.....-....-...-.--.|.-.-..-------- 1, 000
Menominee River, near Marinette, Wis.........---.-.--.|...---.------- 900
EieoIm iver inoals WOnley, > WiB ssc = Oee oath none sc oct oh cc ncatoeeee ec. 725
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush):
Connecticut Fish Commission,......-....--..........2.-- TO O00) | crstatcreieinisn.aco n|lo sotepan certs
Rowe UIs! COMMISSION). so... - csc cccis isecc ene cbees se ccisece HOOKO00; once ents opie cmeralticee eater
Minnesota Fish Commission............-..-2.------+ssce- TOOT OOOR eee nae secs eet mee See
Nebraska Wish Con@eission®:.-. 225.222.0205 -2 55.0... e eee TOO O00 Ee ene cle ee eee
New Hampshire Fish Commissioner ..................--. TOOSODDD Enos cea do ac eaters
Mewework Hish\Commissione..-5.5.c.00ecees-<sce codec. AOOSOU0G Reece tee cenit eee ee
Vermont Fish Commission............- SUOS0GD TE eeepc aa ree:
Burt lake, neariindian ‘River; Mich ..05-02..2--202...-.|2..¢.-.2:...-- BOLOOOU I ace cee
Muskrat Lake, near Lake City, Mich....................|.....-------- BONU0O) he ot racee
Mallett Lake) near Topinabee; Mich. .05.. 02.22.00... 52s. |Lesececcen see BO OOO ce ace cates
Lake Erie, near North Bass Island reef, Ohio.............|..-.------.--- SL a00s es wees
PapienebAakeyreaTeAn mola) Ends 5o2 52%. bk weasel cal tedees codec. BOO eo ceesemie
Lake Kosciusko, near Syracuse, Ind..........-........-.|----------+--- BS 0004 |Gesetece ce
Dylmanslalke, near Pontiag Mich... 5-20. .ceececsscl sack | ze cececec cece AE OOD a= ogee
Lake Superior, near Lester Park, Minn................-..|.2-.--.------- } PADD MOUO) eer ecie

134

Details of distribution—Continued.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

‘ Aen Adults and
Disposition. Eggs. | Fry. yearling.
|
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)—Continued.
Lake Superior, near Grand Portage, Minn... .cssssnnsecescesscseeeese-e 100; 000) 22 nec seme
vd ish wisland. Mian soe se crac eects: Sater omatate itera 10000) |sceeoeeeee
Chicago Bay, Minn..............-.--- bSbbSsssqJEaue UNO Beets sae se
a wosHar DOr Manse er seem nieeeeee eee lapotescnaden ce 50S 0007 beep asmee
lisennein ska i Olina Wo Se bapbcoshocesd|sonyassassstine 50} 000) Eee aaa
Grand Marais) Manne eems see eee | Ge eis, nyaie eisieress 30) 000/22 sa. -eeee
Misherman 7s Ome, sMuUCn eee seen neal oes ames ae 100::000; 2" a5 ==e8
Washington Harbor, Mich........-.. i eae re cule TO0'O0G) |S teases
Wright Island, Mich=-. 25. 2..------- ee Bese ra Bs FO1000 S| eee
Troutiuake; near Tower Mann --_-eeeceeeesesiicciase esses er Seo d 100, 000 es
Eagle Nest Lake, near Ely, Minn.........-.-..-..-------- eee abe ek Se 1000000 Sere eee
ie McDonald Lake, near Perham, Minn.........-------- | 5 <a seameiser ats 400007 c se aan
Take'Sally,;near Detroit, Minn’ --- 2c ence on se meneer aa-| sea eeseise eee AOS 000k Eee a emer
Minnewaska Lake, near Glenwood, Minn............---.|.--.---------. AQH OOO Seer
Detroit Lake: mear Metrorb, Man sec se ccemcise cite nese eeeeeeeieeaes 400008 os aaa
Battle Lake, near Battle Lake, Minn..................---|.-.---.-...--- 4080000 |Bacmaneene
Clear ake imnear!Southebend. Ind seessossse cee se se seerines ose ee eee later Sisieimictemierxets 1, 000
Sawyer Lake, near Iron Mountain, Mich. ~~. 2.2.02 - anal nnn woe eee |emee a2 os een 1, 000
Whitmore Lake, near Whitmore Lake, Mich..........-.-|.--.-.---..-.-|-----0--+----- 1, 000
Vallsake;mear Wane loton eMiGh rene a cmesem ieee Sameer | seen ee ease hasta ere eee ee 4, 966
rout Wuakeynear Trout dake, Mich ase. jeininelsisin asim in| oats eecia ieee sms eee 3, 955
Appligantsan hennsylyania as 2r 5 -ee. nase eeece ee ceenee eee een eee |e wea aaa 500
Glass Factory Pond, near Honesdale, Pa...-.....---.----|-------.-----= lscieelssie.a antec 1, 480°
Dunsbond near Ararat, \Pal.)2.-. suse seswss aeeeacoo sleek ca scoasnors| ae eenoeenenes 500
Hik ake; néar Honesdale; Pa. 2. <3) siescees -ceecis soma cie Senta eee sisaers| seeciecs ae eeciae 1, 860
Harveys and Mlk lakes, near Scranton, Pan. o--- 22 osss selec = cedeenecee de esesenece ea 1, 000
mMiddleake near Ararats Pas we clo scacackcitesticcecemiccie sarees eret areca eter palem semempeiey 500
Hive-Mileake near Loyntelle, Page ce acess sneisisjecsoateeis |e to sate is a ate enemies ees 500
iPoyntelleWake, near Boymitelle) iP ae cee nisice clmicermiciteinae aie] oj osara/ estate al ainieleieeioeeeeiste 490
Lake St. Croix,near Hn GsSon siWiaiS2ecc.coce o.5 sine ieis = = ia yai=rs | ei bie cletalectetera lei tmcericeiae 2, 300 '
Rice wake near Rice ake, Was - © sce cessor sisisisescansisellssleeteyenrecre men sem emenecch ner 1, 950
Whitefish (Coregonus clupeiformis) : |
New York State Fish Commission..............-.--..---- 5: 000)'000) \passse c= ee lo kaermieiers ate |
Take Hrie, near North Bass Island, Ohio: - 2-2-2252. . o5 s\n none cee one 45000; 000! eee eeeee
Middle Bass island tOhio=-oass2ssccesece|teaeceeeeeeees 2 A200" 000" hao eeeeae |
Ballast sland VOM ON. samenccssiesancc as see eee eee 4880. 0000 nese eee |
Rattlesnake Usland OWi10 22 sacceee cers all eer eee ae 2%20;'0007) Scene
iReachsEoimt reeisOniOsccmeneseraneo= ene | ace en eae ee 30005 0009|- 222. oan ae |
iKelleyersiands) OhiOsanmecererin ae sneer e bere sees SAU ACNE |S yee |
Lake Michigan, near Manistique and Scott Point...-----|.-.--..-...... 1 00030002 eee ace |
Epaufette and Warehouse Point. --.|........-..... 100050007 == eaaeee |
Lake Huron, near Thunder Bay, Partridge Point, Mich 3,140: 000) |aeaseeeeee
Stunceon #Point sae semen ania a alee eee eerie 1,'000;000) ce a-seeee
Mash awas sete aieisi-ile ei 150050000 e= 5. eee
Milleraeombe- essen acces 3;,0005,000))|52 =. aesee |
Detour, Passare, near Hay Pomt secc nee -eceeneess cee a 250005000) Besnceeeee
Whitefish Lake, near Corinne, Mich..........-..--------- 2; 000) 000) ia eaeeeer
Straits of Mackinac, near Bois Blanc, Mich 1,500) 000) faa. eee
Lake Superior, near Duluth, Minn..........-...--..------ 298250005] fe aeeeeer
Wisconsin shoress2 jac osesncm eens 60005000) | P2=aseeeee
RODIN PB aly eM Ch a ere eee eae 10005000) | Baa aeanee
Washington Harbor, Mich. <<... 0-5.) --0--00ccese- 500, 000 |..-.......
Lake herring (Coregonus artedi) :
Lake Erie, on the reefs of North Bass, Middle Bass, Bal-
last, Rattlesnake, and Kelley islands............--.---.|.---------.--- 6,505, 0009S 222s ae
Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) :
Applicants Im TU MOIs a iso ok cicvoln wine ermntatel ata iol sisiaissersiets aia eee iy ees ates eee career eee 325
Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Company’s pond, near
CCemMS cain UWE oe Baie a SR SAE Blt arenas cdaaaadecas 110
North Fork ‘Creek, near Danville, Ill.:--2.22-25--222.2-2 150
pucanriCreplomear sears, Ul see eit ce an sialaloeeminm emesis 185
Lake Maxinkuckee, near Marmont, Ind......-...---.-.--- 385
Lake Wawassee, near Cedar Beach, Ind...-....--------.- 257
Pine ake meal la pore, nO eee 2.42 sees cece neem eel ae 144
JAD CEE BNb Rees SAS RRS ennassousdeussces = 100
Upper Iowa River, near Decorah, Iowa......--...-------- 150
Wapsipinicon River, near Independence, Iowa 150
Cedar River, near Cedar Rapids, Iowa..-.--.-.....-.---=- 900
Spirit Lake, near Spirit Lake, Iowa..-.-..........--------- 200
PAD plicants)iN WANsase nse ooe <ceemeceoen eee meeseciae see 50
GN AV ee = Sade oosnonodcsesossaesagesor 158
Lake Mingo, near Nicholasville, Ky.--.....-------------- 58
Nolan and Valley creeks, near Glendale, Ky-.---.--.---- 186
Applicants int Missouri. so22 ese oases ene eeaeen eoeneoe ns 50
New Mexico's. voces ceenrsensanecentcenane 25
Mohican Creek, near Lexington, Ohio......-.-.---------- 70
Mahoning River, near Leavittsville, Ohio........-..--.-- 400
done vuake. near Akron. OhiO-cs esse esecceeeneeneeereone 25
Mud lake near audson Onio-eeeeeeeeenen ee eeeeeresaaer 25
Tawawa Lake, near Sidney, Ohio 50
White, Clay, and Porcupine creeks, near Pine Ridge
indian\Acency 9 Wako. eo ss eae arian cme ce eee nee e lapse eee ae ees Sabian cee 41
Beaver Creek; near Huntingdon) Tenn! ss sesesseeseeeaeelse ee a= = eae ee eee aae ater 150

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 135

Details of distribution—Continued.

Disposition. Eggs. Fry cat tag
Pike perch (Stizostedion vitreum) :

Pike River, in Minnesota................ niatktaintataieta eOOor HOO OOG Seer ae tok eel akan oe seas
RRRTICANUS be MOIS see ace teee soma into s sleis Sm in @ nnio'\=/n'~ ann Re tataieies cielo a eee Set cer 166
Chain Lake; in St. Joseph County, Ind... --.-..--.- 2.60]. 52. seccecsnne CAN OSU ies Ais
Chamberlain Lake, in St. Joseph County, Ind.......-.---|.......-----.. DON O00Maeaeae ee.
Riddle Lake, in St. Joseph County, Ind..........-..---..|..----.--.---- ZOOMOOO) ace trentersis
Mleariake; In sb: ) oseph County. ind). ssc. cece es cma nat oo once e eine DOONOG | Rece eee
Notre Dame Lake, in St. Joseph County, Ind.....-..--..).......... 200) OOO ince Seen s
Hudson Lake, in Laporte County, Ind 2 QO0KO00N| Sec aemee
Beare ake; Meare Al DIONS Unde s = ss cta eras soit ieisinie esac aime 2004000) Saaeaee eee
private Lake, near Albion, Indic. -5--.-26- 2-255 ese cass S00 O00 | aassee ae
FeaAkonWeawassee near Cedar Beach, Ind. 5... 2.502205. -s2| eaccs bcacscselehence -oasedee 148
LENG DERN AG) CEI UE Og Nir CoC e aS pose nD Sdea me DogoErCood lac Soenentaeron bcseeseerses 54 31
Medarehiver wear Vy Auer, LO Wie secearan sito oc se 52 sist aoalll eee e srcierore cla cie|lncamig eres aeheng 300
Pmaliakes near Lron WMounbaln MIGH =f. < ac cece aicaceicmlsccaecce snes. 500:,000),|tieenceeeee
Poplar River, in ake County, Mann: ..0--~---- s-<5-s-520|csseceececsese BOOS O000)\ eee
Sandusky River and tributaries, near Upper Sandusky,

CTL Ome ees eee eee mee ae ae cin sei set i taraere aetna doce ene rents cians ke! 500} 000) ceria ae
Lake Erie, near Rattlesnake Island, Ohio...----.----.--.|........-..... 376007000) naeaaee eee
Ponderson Lond, near burton Ohioe sees ces ciseeene aee|iee esse cee e nen HOORCOO) see pee
West Branch of Susquehanna River, in Clinton County,

Pee Se ee Goes oe eS Shea gas ae aataee eee asl Cet cpa A AQ0N000) uae eee eee
West Branch of Susquehanna River, in Lycoming

MO OUI ya = as Se nia iaie cies eos maleate aie aieminti oss asvial es siete aici bere 10005000) sue5 ese. cc
Sinnemahoning Branch, in Cameron County, Pa-.--.----.|...-.......... ZOOHOOO | Sasa ecee
Mouth of Bald Eagle Creek, in Clinton County, Pa..--.---|.............. A00T000) | faeee eee
Wonnessee River, near Knoxville; Tenn 2. - 22. 5.os. cases aos occ oon BOO O00 ly ames eee

HOU CON SS Ten Misys ssa eet tote ers aise reer he Sty erento te a 400/000): ahaa ore
Clinch River and other streams, near Luttrell, Tenn..--.|.............. AQOOOOR = saoe eens
Tenressee, Clinch, and Emory rivers, in Roane County,

PR GMIMP see sa cna ean sae seen. Anas demise dni st easel meeaies GS deeanre aack oth O00; 0005S eee
French Broad, Holston, and other streams, in Jefferson

CiTuy ANE. onbboeGas coaocaceonseresecoeorgrsconenbe:|Sosaasenopsuce DOONOCO se eee
Little River, Little Tennessee River, and other streams,

eb lounh © OUNTy PL ONMG see ie hes os5 oA wanes aes eed us| See nolo coamees 000; 000K an asemene
Powell River and other streams, in Campbell County,

TIBIAE cet God BS EoD OSIag SORES SEM CUM e see tare ahr aR tal iy sed Ae 500 }O00) |e oecmee ss
Clinch River and other streams, in Anderson County,

PRONM fee acest e anime rnctae eae etre a aa a ae Ss oie ieiteicie anes |e ceine ewes OOF O00! | eeeres cts
Emory, Obeds, and other streams, in Morgan County,

FID ocinde bo ose esac anor ea cgsoesiabtbobhtans onbopebmeoe SOOT O00 eee maeeee
French Broad and Pigeon rivers, in Sevier County, Tenn.|. HOOK O0Gi penne
New River and tributaries, in Scott County, Tenn.-..... 490.000") s¢0 see
Beaver Creek, near Sears Satie FROME aoe tatelan ohetctotn Sis Sets pea ate oe | eres 5 eR ya 200
Lakes of the Wausaukee Club, near Amberg, Wis..-.---- SOOR0CO | hese a oe
Lake Superior, near Superior Entry, Wis..-....---------|.-.--.-----+-- AS O00 O00Ulene 2 Bee ee

Sea bass (Serranus atrarius) :
Vineyard Sound, off Massachusetts coast...............-.|.......--.---- Tet SO. 000) ee oe
White bass (Roccus chrysops) :
AD MEAN CS IN MINOW) seeaet ana cease acs nasi iaees ee cece aloe so oteeigecue lus: occas aa Sae 41
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Company’s pond, near

Galesburg, Ill ..-..-. BES e Gn Une BOSE DE SU SEE eee aenced BACeno seater Meares re mee 30
make Wawassee, near Cedar Beach, Und: 22.c2225524 55 ccee|i nes sacs enee cel coseods qeeaeac 250
Pine Lake, near Laporte, Ind:.....-2----.ss-s25.s-sceeee 90
Upper Iowa River, near Decorah, lowa 100
Maquoketa River, near Strawberry Point, Iowa..........|........2.-...|---------+.--- 195
Munkoyehiver near Cresco, LOW ass ss. sccssncncce ese steak (Sec cee coeee aan Moca ate anak 200
ManAarhiveny near Wi alerloO: LOWases sss. ss ccsaces ees Se [ecus waged ooh nance ears ae 500
pits bakeynear Spirit Makes LOWa- <2 <2 sceccsccrwne soaclae nse. cee aan las aeee node 75
NPV MEAU CST ICOMbUC KY tere age ots sass eine nid sien isiees ae soeiein =| ease oielcind a wee le aoe ete eee 39
White Clay and Porcupine creeks, on Pine Ridge Indian

EAGER iS! DEVS 65260 bcs Sep ORB SSC EOE SoH ede Spo AUDE Err GeSesee cn Ghee Geet sae eee e sa. 40
meaver Creek tiear Huntinedon,, Tenn s.- 2 sasceciea sence cl gee dasdoace ccleeadeee once ae. 150

Black bass (Micropterus dolomieu and M. salmoides) :
How Cronk. Near Hiorencey Alas. 3. snc eeh ose ela ciniels saa oak scjetctecelwace }acecce eek 200
Blackishibaker in st. trancis County, Ark: -2222 5035 222:| 050 cse cose cele cdeeten cen. 200
PaO Hrs tC OMISSION. v1.5 2 sigan aetatteies ciate ciaicjsice cicine | Se EN ce! 2 oe a 138
PRP DUCATIUGUIAT KANSAS us so. asec eee sem eb eee se aa seem. [asec we cele 23 SL oe | 295
(Coloradotinss 22 sac tee see ates cca maly bean Seen oe UN ra cee See 600
ake: saltonsvall, néar hash Maven, Cones. ssossscseseec|Sces cen ok ele. acc dueee a. 200
elspa Hist COMMISSIONS sco de tnceee ce aaa cee fem ca lh sce eee ne Ul eae Whee 5 1, 000
Brandywine Creek, near Wilmington; Del. 22-220. 252222 -|...222 2... ces|eeeceeceesceon 480
NP PUCAR SIs tema Or COlMMPIA= = slot seer cee nase al aoas ecient once lUacasectceee ae 850
(CST ERS b Rob acho CODTIESE EO a EEOC een aa [oe Meee tee tee 5 (Minera Maris raps 281
BIND M VOL MOAT OIG. LUBHO se -reCo ee aeo was oat sank sl abot da ee aa el sbea eae by. 1, 597
PNB HMCATUS IN MINOW Men es Sant ee nem sccecane nee v ee venti n GooMt ata Lbew ose Sea, 845
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad Company’s

PEndenionm ales bun Mlesa. sates neon ans Joey eascae lates sec teeles eek iN ge 360
rpyayunke, near De Nices Lake, TMlose2.2 sleccsee cose cce\Wescagdecec dacloesdocsan cocoon 100
BEB iame nes Hake Villani ceeacossee scenes Sell RAL een ie: 100
PUMVEM Moar Mast Hannibal Mls soo. ose ne loc esas dace -\bae esas goeeule ssa gecbee. nee 1, 300
PHluNaeaTenniGAr Waterloo: Mleetcees sce sn ceo csc seat ules ome dey SAE Nodes comeieh od 616
Lake Bartlett, near Waterloo, Il. ......... cc. ce gesene ce calenseeesecaes Bic wae 329

136

Details of distribution—Continued.

Disposition.

Black bass (Mieropterus dolomieu and M. salmoides)—Cont'd.

Schorr Wake, near Waterloo lls jsoscem eee eteeeeee meee
North Fork Creek, near Danville, Ill........--...........
Applicants ine in ditanaee eee eee eee eee eee en sareeeie
Lake Maxinkuckee, near Marmont, Ind...........-..-...-.
Lake Wawassee, near Cedar Beach, Ind...........--------
Pine Take; mean ua pocuee ln Ge. seers meee eee meee ae
Upper Iowa River, near Decorah, Iowa.........-....-.---
Maquoketa River, near Strawberry Point, lowa
Turkey River, near Cresco, Ilowa.---.....----.----...----
W apsipinicon River, near Independence, Iowa..-.-...-----
Cedar River, near Cedar Rapids, Iowa.......-.......-..-.-
Waterloo, lowa

Spirit Lake, near Spirit Lake; lowa....-.-....--.---------
Reservoir near Cresco, lowa
Applicants in Kansas. ase. en |. 52 22 cee sae een eae
Walnut River, near Eldorado, Kans.-.-.........-----------
Applicants nent ye - 228s se cin see a /e ne eae pee ee
Lake Mingo, near Nicholasville, Ky. -...--.---.-----------
Nolan and Valley Creeks, near Glendale, Ky
AAS Kee ass nied Cayo pe eS SSeS AAS Soo coke Sudeescosoes she
Maryland

Plank Ridge Run, near Leonardtown, Md
Potomac River above Great Falls, Md.-.........--.---..-
below. Great ‘HallsiwWdiee = 220052252 -s-eceee

Principio Creek, near Principio, Md..---...-..--..--------
Patmexenteniver near lanrelMdesnsce sseeeeisee eee eee
Piscataway Creek, near Stony Point, Md...............-..
Nine Mile Pond, near Springfield, Mass.......--..---...--
bake Brevoort, near Moran, Micho...2--.s0e--+snceee "see
Railroad Lake, near Wingleton, Mich.............-.-.....
Mill Wake; near, Wingleton, Mich <2. ....223-..22.222-.-
Little Clam Lake, near Cadillac, Mich...--....-..---.--.--
Big Clam Lake, near Cadillac, Mich.............---.-----
AD plicantsin MASSiSsp pls eee see = Sse cece es eee a amine ac
Missouri

Indian’Creek near Neosho; Mocs ss.cee. cen eceeeceae cece]

Atpplicantsim-NewiieUseyecs=—peeeee see sacreseenanenes =
Overpeck Creek, near Leonia, N.J.--.---.-.--------------
Upper Millstone River, near Princeton, N.J.....--..-----
Applicants in iNew, Mexico-< 22-45 st eesme ane cen eee

New York

eee ee nw wwe ges ee ee es nese =e

Honing Creek, near Asheville, N.C..----.--...-----------

Applicants an Ohio: =--sa-s sooo a eerie ee eae eee ae
Mahoning River, near Warren, Ohio
Muskingum River, near McConnellsville, Ohio..-.--------
Mohican Creek, near Lexington, Ohio.......--.-----------
Rocky sHork. near Hillsboro; (Ohio pess-.er scciaiece cise
‘Bass lake wear Chardon, Ohios--esescesssssneeesesecneo.
Punderson Lake, near Burton, Ohio.-..-..-.----------.---
one ake, mearyAlcron OO! ea -\jas ose eee a alee
Mud ake méar “Hudson. (Ohiossq-e-2 sees acteeseee ee cer
Tawawa Lake, near Sidney, Ohio.....-.--..----....------
Willamette River, near Salem, Oregon..........-..-------
Applicants in Pennsylvania
Mauryp Dam, near Shenandoah, Pa.....-..-..----- :
Loyalhanna Creek, near Latrobe, Pa..-..----------------
Kriders Dam, near Annville, Pa
iBiedwell-Pond: near'Scranton; Pa---.--4---.2+22-4-- ss-—-
Brandywine Creek, near Chadds Ford, Pa...--....-.------
Branch of Brandywine Creek, near Honeybrook, Pa
Brandywine Creek, near Reading, Pa..-....--.---..-----
WMO carhivermear ioral ates= sets eceeemeteeee ee eae
Keeley Run, near Shenandoah, Va.----------------------
Allegheny River, near Kittanning, Pa
West Branch of Susquehaina River, near Lock Haven,

Susquehanna River, near Harrisburg, Pa :
French Creek, near Rapid City, S. Dak..--...........---
White, Clay, and Porcupine creeks, on Pine Ridge In-

dian Agency, 8. Dak
Beaver Creek, near Huntingdon, Tenn-.--........-...---.-
Private ponds inv Mexassenss eet eee jectlacieleeice eee isisieiciees
Cisco Water Company’s Lake, near Cisco, Tex........---
Como Lake, near Fort Worth, Tex. ...-222......2.---...-
Railroad reservoir, near Coal Mine Junction, Tex.....-.
NOP ond near Mine olan eer: = ses teeeiscee siete asinine
Cypress Bayou, near Jefferson, Tex.........-.....--..-..
Applicants-in. Virgindas o- ose. sss se eee ee teeters
Broad Run, in Loudoun County, Va
Five-acre Lake, near Manassas, Va
Mountain streams, near Cleveland, Va.....-.......------
Powhick Creek, near Lorton Valley, Va.--..-...-.---.---
Aquia Creek, near Stafford Court-House, Va

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Eggs.

Adults and
yearling.

ae

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. THE
Details of distribution—Continued.
F re Adults and
Disposition. Eggs. Fry yearling.
Black bass (Micropterus dolomieu and M. salmoides)—Cont’d.
Walker Little Creek, near Pulaski City, Va-..-...-....--. BeAr ontinae cean nema sa ee 200
Reese eo resks in Oud Gum CONNLY WV decece ccs cccc nts = cc ver snes ~ oe el perme na ces aoe 2, 000
Menonuan River near WiOOd bridge; Va-----.------ =~... -|s= sna cswe aan) ese anlmisienn ee 1, 100
Appomatwox River, near Blackstone, Vai-.----.-.... 2-2-6 6|- <== ccm me =eieen|en en nemesis 100
aurad [SiGe TCG gS EST GEE See arene pape oc eo CeeR Sees Moree] see vidas - -aesenatics 100
North River, near Lexington, Va.-....--.-..-.---------.|------+--------|-----2-------- 400
South Fork of Holston River, near Marion, Va.-.-..--.--- AE here when arena aets)| erence reer 500
Sr rNansiuty.er near Cedar Onrebk iVider sree coe ce eax lal olcmeecn ete waee lace ae cas meee 1, 200
Mowe castoromiiver) Hear Mong Wale Vide css cee-tle ae «le | emma miami lao ose eee ere 840
lenin Teton serie (GWG iy Wik eb oS ecpcceeac oncee ceacess PEEEsaoRcapeec||Sssseus= see. 1,100
Pera Pee ke MOAT) Neva ASLO iVidherercietatnlee = loti) leltole meee = 2 icin alla tal =o llatate ees ae 750
MEritinicel POGK ENO OCCOUINK. 4 Vise = oe ccincee siecle occas sc oc |ermn aon yo Sto aa le, opom tales nieae 1 000
iNeapsico Creek, near Hreestone, Va--.-----.--.-=--------|---= 2 255-- coe one-5 em -- =e 1, 000
PueICO Creeks Nears QUANDICO, Vide a= ae soe ene nee alma amie tem oe a eel eis einpi a ae 1, 000
PpMeToOk Dear WybbOville: Vides oc scscnmt ae cocen ten [eam me meee annem satmigits 968
<a SHel Dee) Tin Vy ay NS a so ee bass eee see cose Seger eo Seer esc Sse Sse) se -S5easep soe 100
icavelly: Hake, near ake View, Washo. .-00. 5. -=2--92ene |= enor enn ol em aeien's ee ats 550
ianerty lake, near Spokane Halls; Wash. <<. <.22 2222. - 5 .|-los- <2 cee cee |emn ene swim vin oe 300
Pemerican wake, Neal lAcOmiay WV aS Meraccla oo =a mele te eles moe rele eietaiet= | ieee eset elm a 500
isan lake, near Clear (Wake, Washi. 522 cctme<m cis cise sees sea sale i anlnetamial| sinisin desis siseis 300
Micarmake, near Medidal Wake, Waslec-sacc cos nscucceas|scie ase cmcce nicl swears eae amae 397
McDonald Lake, near Cedar Mountain, Wash.........--.|--.--.-------.|.------------- 300
rem lake, Near Woon, UakOs Widsle «ntsc acco ~ cee csccics| dae seein Saemes | yc aeehiatonmelee 700
mnt make.neat WOOD. Wakon WiaSies = screen cacneceagc|ssresamemen seelcnn eats cinine sas 400
an (PELIO TUG TT WG a Neri eet Ae Popesend cos eeaqEeer cee Stane = gee ho Se sesecmaecer 400
onlay 2 Bika said Chi Gre Vig MA beep are See Gods acon eocd Sp pEeaEese OSte| Hear eee geass 1, 992
Mace Gonovacioar Dake GONeVa, Wisc. csneccccewc coe scleascecs gases cs] asec ese a ~ ssaei 1, 695
Mn IuOL LAKES; Near Wa paca,, WAS =~ acces soccer eras lee==== cc metemae|p esas ee mse nSs 1, 285
iMmakepbedian. tiesr Hake Beulah, Wi. cc so costae ncs ssee cee mnwacas se ece|ranowmesienin ncn 100
Crappie (Pomozis annularis and P. sparoides) :

LENZ pgy JMS Th CS NTT SY aS cee por bose dase bes ee Aer Sosoe dl He SoCUSUErc oer Dann ee SP ear mae 249
LN PIT in Op) eG ho oe See eo ceeraeaaaroo eee sbhSn Je] Soe aneerserore Pesan epoeneese 100
PRD VOry OAL DOING LCA NO serosa one oe cian iainles amas | ae mean soe eral ese arsenic = hye 388
2 07p Nie iS i CNT ONS snes tpescadec bee ose gan cobes cose seal pe eetene Sone ech beassaneae 145
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Company’s ponds, near

SPU Tons 11s assocesc otcorcnanpeoososeesesceeeesac 161
Sni River, near East Hannibal, Ill.........-..-.......-.. 500
North Fork Creek, near Danville, Il.--.......-.--.----- 28
Lake Maxinkuckee, near Marmont, Ind.----..........--- 50
Lake Wawassee, near Cedar Beach, Ind ..........--...-. 188
iesno wake: near aporte, Ind 2.125.262 scons cnes ces e aes 150
Maquoketa River, near Strawberry Point, Iowa..-..--.. 9
Cedar River, near Waterloo, lowa........--..-.--.------ 300
Spirit Lake, near Spirit Lake, Iowa.......-........-...--- 106
RAservoIr Near Creston TOW --- 5222 <sssecsc = eae ose e se 200
Appucanta i MWentneky 2. 0< cece recccmnacess cnere ens 296
make provoore., near Moran’ Mich semnas cc cenct sere. st oc lore ee mae aenes 2, 400
Mate Clam Lake, near Cadillac. Mich: -:2): 2 222)5o0s 022) lcci s. ee. css 1,510
imo Clam Lake, near Cadillac, Mich. .- 22-20-50. 2-22-- 22 2t|9- 2 Secale 1, 500
Pecan heii MISSOUTT. 2-00. ue ate tee ses te ee nee ecisc estes snes aces c's 30

EO re ee eee Serene SES TREE CRE Choa 50
Muskingum River, near McConnellsville, Ohio.......--. he 400
Hogicy Mork, near Hillsboro, Ohio. -22--25:-2.2.2--22c5-52 | 50
White, Clay, and Porcupine creeks, on Pine Ridge In-

TNT 2VEGhUN pp SHI USE Be es ae Boao ee eee sonoeue4 p= Soreee Sen ccals HS eoresonoss 80
Heaven OLreok, near Hunn gdon, Lenn: S22. .- cece cmc nin cl =mcieemasmcmes|=stin= ~slseee = 75
emekapnioreok near Cedar.Creek, Vala.:ss2< S-nec ssa sedleecnc aetna wel Se oeennmies oa 200
Paweleasturesniver, near Done Dale, Vaiss: -2sss-scce- cleanse aacsccce|smais enselem oe 230
MASI Evel NOAM OSMEN sy Vike eee tccen cee cine ac aece a Coase toe sain seme meme aks 305
ere reek Near NG Ws CAStle, Vaiss. a =e seis mate mala eae ein mates lemele= ms weincin « 100
Elsa CO anOAt OOM AKO a WV Ail secs sere cae e ciel ers eal cone seein els eeciscm nee ms 25
EaDVOtuskes, Near Witt Daca, Wilke ces sewn = ace mene sl | anes = ime eel oa == cacnin ale 115

Warmouth bass (Chenobryttus gulosus) :
Pei APH AS A COMMMESS TOM ers 5. -\sinie stots cis meee cimee isin aeia2 [waist cle iee.sise |= aie'e aie = elon 628
PM CAMES I LA ANOS eacct cons ok secede ones cece en aoneenccs [See wemecssnace |eteceerarsiats « 300
Paoli ver Near boise, LdanO...-.---cseacesccmse curcees Weare ieee oleae noone ajaawe sere 201
“CLIO EAS 5 ried DO hee oe es Re ee ae ee eS ee Leone acre ae le ciara eer 295
arene Honk: Crook), NOAL DAN Vile, LIS seca m mee asim ase eeiemicia =e oate |e cimeieie a aiSmenie 300
Sugar Creek, near Paris, Dl...-......------.--..---------|----- 22 --0---+[ooe- eee eee ee: 278
a oe near East ea Guint a pape hee Secpematear| 3505 naaarepiet eee te 500
icago, Burlington and Quincy Company’s ponds, near

Galesburg, Seah aaah vais eee 2 Be eee ste stars 60
Lake Wawassee, near Cedar Beach, Ind 10
Lake Maxinkuckee, near Marmont, Ind 400
eine ake, near Laporte, MG 1... 0 .-<-s.265-+- 5. sce -|- 75
PUSS AMIGA LIT ENG IAN Gy os oc ls a0:s wine occas ect ccsecess sees as05 100
Cedar River, near Waterloo, Iowa..........-.--.--------- 200
Reservoir near Creston, lowa...-......-------.-+--.+--+-- 100
Spirit Lake, near Spirit Lake, Iowa...-...--....--------- 247
PBBAMESTIDS IN MCONUCKY = 200-6 = 22.32-cs2secee- 2-2 sone 215
iiwkenebs, near Richmond, Ky... ...-.--2....--0csseees|sncsceeseecees 50
Applicants in Missouri 60

138

Details of distribution—Continued.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Disposition. Eggs. Fry. peer |
Warmouth bass (Chenobryttus gulosus)—Continued.
Muskingum River, near McConnellsville, Ohio..........|.....-..------|--.----------- 222
White, Clay, and Porcupine creeks, on Pine Ridge In-
diancAtrency,)s. Wake nee tees eee a eae eee treo 65
Beaver Creek, near Huntingdon, Tenn 150
Shenandoah River, near Riverton, Va......-------.------ 902
Jackson River, near Cedar Creek, Via-------------------. 100
Craig Creek, near New Castle, Va .-..------ 107
Loon Lake, near Loon Lake, Wash ...........----.------ 29
Ghaintotevalkes'on cary aval a Ca aWelS seen ieee aera sree ter ee teraace ete ar |e mien teeta 105
Rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris) :
Applicants in Alabama .......-.---.-------------+-----+--|+-- 2222s cee eee lene eee eee 1, 400
IDEM ROL Orders oa cecbacke sae neacandllec-ccemabssoonseadsanonsaces 150
(CGE hoes gone eee ston se odo noctiose ceboa|lenssaessassacalssecoceceso oc 50
Georgia Fish Commission......-.-.-..-------------------|--------+-----|-------------- 1, 000
IN A WOn Rabel eines nae geome obs Baebes S= coeeosde bod |sacsscesseslns|-onssseseeesas 1, 000
Lake Evelyn, near Bonner Springs, Kans-------<-.-225- |. 20.--- eee nee|e === nanos 1, 000
Malli@reeke mearcAllman Kan seo eee amiss ear =)<)elai=) =item in 5 500
Lyons Creek, near Junction City, Kans.-.-.--..--..------. 500
Wianmesesh! Creeks. near, Prats UMass ale tate cm mlm met ete eel daar 500
Wild Cat Creek, near Manhattan, Kans: =... . 22). o o-oo eee nee eae nnn a weinieme 500
Cottonwood! River, near Marion, Kans.:---..------ 2222 <|o a2) 2am mein === emee 500
Applicants in Kentucky -.-.--~.-5.--- = 22-252 - 225-2 2a |e = nnn wn el =e een enn 500
IN ad bine a bon ee aaa Bee een adaseo seeds eae Saesendso||S5sesoseqeosc5 300
IN GER SEH 9 (esas See Meee SoCo s ae seme oreton saan secSasaas| Seb socrescadac 50
WOK (ihe heen ee Can ae emer es Senor AONE nS Renmr en il ie all SSeS OSS 2, 700
Osage River, near Schell, Mo ......-----.-----+-----------|----2---- 20-5 -|----- 2-22 oeee 1, 600
ASD plicants any Niew.lersey. eases ons oeeeais naa are cisielaiereys An sre etree ere | Peer aaeere 500
INKL OP NAO Whee seeees ese sud Saar cee oesorsesoasboeecocasasssecesct coca. 1, 100
Jesnbeshuhyaibiesterene ssepcccderssoeescscded|: ascseqaascaas|esnsSonssadqa- 1, 700
Susquehanna River, near Milton, Pa...-....-.-.----- Seabesoecenssecdusdlssasdciecessesa 300
Algo SYS hsb) 4 Gy ae Sele eos se nS eee OPE CAS So coeeSedsa lSoblee masoacecd|admecnaas sear 1, 150
AUS Lae ae OR rE aa Secombe otGs| pb canHbacnnoLe | scatsadecdscas 260
‘Wild soe ape em earns sAKoan bode co obadodasse| baeque=sebaso:|séecoucddorcass 2, 550
Mocalistreamaimear Gladys) Wass sese se ocelemaalae eine la la)elete | ste il aes tete | cata eheaetele 300
South Mayo River, near Ridgeway, Va....-.-------------|--------------|-----------=-- 350
Reed Creek, near Wytheville, Va.-....-...-.------------|--------------|-----22+------ 1, 100
Sunfish (Lepomis, sp) :
JX yaLiter iounsy oon Ol bins eons se ob eas ae Soa se SRSA een een ocoesa| See Sseeeenadied lseedecacdedanc 556
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad Company’s
pond, near Galesburg, Ill .-.--..-.----------------- +--+ |e 22+ eens eee ene |- ee eee eee eee 30
Pine) Wake: near Laporte y Mn Oe aaa a este mate wma am mam arm all ee io itil 200
Upper Iowa River, near Decorah, Iowa ..----------------|--------------|---------+---: 32
Spirit Lake, near Spirit Lake, Iowa.-......----.--------- [eer e = certs | See errsre te ete tetate 190
Turkey River, near Cresco, lowa ..----..-.--------------|----------+---|------+-----:- 25
IX NUE ROU Nee pep ee none non sacs ese as SeSsce JorSoe |ectseececere ces|lcesosdmscconsc 45
M@ynni Oy? Sones seeabo bye Socode noes ose sodiscseanessdsece ERE aS aaa aoerC 89
WER RO bua a doe eebae Bs AS Soca a ew an endesabod|lbenenssoumsbaa|Saesedetocntcs 100
Mohican Creek, near Lexington, Ohio ---...--..----------|]--------------|-------------- 80
Mawawaloalce: near SidneviOhiOsse es ecaseine a scene tals siete | see =a (alee ecient eit ciclo 100
White, Clay, and Poreupine creeks, on Pine Ridge Indian
INS el OE eas gs cane aoscoena aoe seane anos sr poltese ened seasesoaasaasdlopbts2osos00c5 31
Beaver Creek, near Huntingdon, Tenn -.......-.-..--.----|4-------------|-------------- 75
Meeriuake meanWoon ake ) Wiss lees sss cececesees see ess sae e ere = sees ee eee et 9
Pickerel (Lucius lucius) :
BOISEHRIUVOr Me AT EOISe piel lve eater ee eto eee 76
Beaver Creek, near Huntingdon, Tenn ......-.---.-------|--------------|----+--+------- 25
Cod (Gadus morrhua) :
Massachusetts Bay, off Cape Ann, Mass...-.-..----------- 1, 195, 000 20 1420000 |S asmmetect
Vineyard Sound, off Massachusetts coast--.-..-----------]-------------- 850; 5000 |p oas-eee=s
Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) :
Vineyard Sound, off Massachusetts coast .---------------|-------------- 434, 500 |------.---
Flatfish (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) :
Vineyard Sound, off Massachusetts coast-.---.----.------|-------------- 288/000) |Eoa-eemee
Lobster (Homarus americanus) :
Vineyard Sound, off Massachusetts coast ---..-----------|-------------- 8; 818,000,225 -s==—-
4 yy 1) Le oe ete oS oe ee SORES ECON seo aa ors 12, 063, 000 165, 235, 800 | 1, 486, 117

|

fry were received from

NorE.—By request of the California Fish Commission, 100,000 meen? ve oe rae
, near Ocean View, Cal.,

the New York Fish Commission and transferred as follows: Lake Merce
60,000; Lake Pilarcitos, near Millbrae, Cal., 31,000.

(To face page 139.)

Pacific Coast Fisheries.

Report U. S. F. C. 1893.

“C@pz 98ed 99S)

'YSAIN WISWN 102 JO HINOW Sdll 3O SONVHO ¥OS ONILIVM SLV

O08

LAN 119

NOW ivs

1.—THE FISHERIES OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

INTRODUCTORY.

| Within the past five years the fisheries of the west coast of the
United States have attracted more attention from the general public
than those of any other region, and some of the questions which
have arisen in connection therewith have been of great national and
ie ational importance. The principal branches which have been
‘considered are the salmon industry and the fur-seal fishery. The vast
‘interests depending on the preservation of the salmon supply have
drawn to that subject the attention of Congress, as well as of the State
legislatures; and the necessity for the protection of the fur seal on the
high seas and at the rookeries has resulted in Congressional action and
‘protracted diplomatic negotiations.
- When, in 1889, the United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries
‘completed a canvass of the fishing industry of the Pacific States, it
‘acquired a full knowledge of the extent and importance of these fish-
veries for the first time in about ten years—that is, since the investiga-
tions for the Tenth Census. It was found that the advance in the
‘industry since that time had been phenomenal in almost every branch,
swhile a number of new features had in the meantime developed. The
canvass of the fisheries of this extensive coast section was intrusted
‘ito Mr. W. A. Wilcox, who entered into the work with great zeal and
brought a deep practical knowledge of the commercial fisheries to bear
ion the inquiry. The report based on Mr. Wilcox’s investigations was
printed as an appendix to the Report of the Commissioner of Fish and
Fisheries for 1888. The paper was extensively distributed among the
‘fishing interests of the west coast and was received with marked favor.
)Taking into consideration the rapid growth of this industry between
1879 and 1889, another investigation appeared opportune in 1892. Mr.
{Wilcox was again detailed for the work and has performed it in a manner
‘satisfactory to the Commission and creditable to himself. The follow-
‘img report, prepared by him, represents the results of his inquiries.
The previous inquiry conducted by Mr. Wilcox covered all features
of the industry, ineluding full descriptions of methods, apparatus,
fishing-grounds, etc., as well as comprehensive statistics. In the recent
investigation special attention was devoted to the collection of detailed
statistical data, and only such descriptive matter was obtained as was
necessary to elucidate the statistics or record changes in the methods
or conditions since the last canvass. Statistics for the years 1889 to
1892, inclusive, covering all phases of the fisheries and related shore
| 139

7 |
140 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

industries, were procured by the personal efforts of the agent. The
commercial fisheries of the high seas, coasts, bays, and rivers prosecuted
by fishermen of California, Oregon, and Washington were system-—
atically and completely considered; and, in most cases, the statistics

given represent actual records. As the firms prosecuting fishing in
Alaska have their main offices in San Francisco or other cities of the
Pacific States, Mr. Wilcox was able to obtain from them very satis-
factory and approximately complete information for all the fisheries of |
Alaska in which white men are engaged. These data add greatly to
the interest of the report and permit the presentation of statistics
embracing the economic fisheries of the entire west coast of the United

States. |

In the vicinity of San Francisco, Mr. A. B. Alexander, fishery expert.
on the Fish Commission steamer Albatross, aided in the canvass. The
statistics given for the year 1893 are the results of inquiries carried on
by Mr. Alexander during the fall and winter of that year.

The years which have elapsed since the completion of the canvass of
the west coast fisheries in 1889 have been characterized by great liter-
ary activity as regards the fishing industry. The following papers
relating to fish and fisheries, issued by this Commission between 1889
and 1894, inclusive, which represent only a small part of the printed
matter pertaining to this region which has appeared in Government
reports, magazines, the public press, and State documents, are suffi-
cient to show the interest taken in the subject by the national Fish
Commission:

List of papers relative to the fish and fisheries of the Pacific Coast of the United States,
published by the United States Fish Commission, from 1889 to 1894, inclusive.

Explorations of the fishing-grounds of Alaska, Washington Territory, and Oregon
during 1888 by the United States Fish Commission steamer Albatross.

The transplanting of lobsters to the Pacific Coast of the United States.

Report upon the pearl fishery of the Gulf of California.

Report upon certain investigations relating to the planting of oysters in southern
California.

Report on the salmon and salmon rivers of Alaska, with notes on the conditions,
methods, and needs of the salmon fisheries.

The fishing-grounds of Bristol Bay, Alaska; a preliminary report upon the inves-
tigations of the United States Fish Commission steamer Albatross during the
summer of 1890.

Report on the fisheries of the Pacific Coast of the United States.

Report on the investigations of the United States Fish Commission steamer Albatross
tor the year ending June 30, 1889.

The fishing vessels and boats of the Pacific Coast.

Report of the Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries relative to the salmon and salmon
industries of Alaska.

Report upon the investigations of the United States Fish Commission steamer
Albatross from July 1, 1889, to June 30, 1891.

Report of observations respecting the oyster resources and oyster fishery of the
Pacific Coast of the United States.

Summary of fishery investigations conducted in North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea
from July 1, 1888, to July 1, 1892.

On the viviparous fishes of the Pacific Coast of North America.

Past and future of the fur seal.

Notes on the fisheries and fishery industries of Puget Sound.

Report upon the investigations of the United States Fish Commission steamer
Albatross for the year ending June 30, 1892.

The salmon fisheries of the Columbia River basin, together with a report upon
physical and natural-history investigations in the region.

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 141

The fishing industry is one of the most important enterprises of the
; west coast, and in some sections is more prominent than all other
branches of business. Compared with the other coastal sections of the
United States, the States of the Pacific Coast, including Alaska, now

| maintain fisheries that rank next to those of the New England and

Middle Atlantic States in extent and importance. The value of the

| fishery products is greater than in the South Atlantic, Gulf, and Great
Lakes States combined.

The inquiries of the Commission disclosed the fact that in 1892 the

number of persons engaged in the fisheries of the Pacific States was
16,929, of whom 5,403 were in California, 4,332 in Oregon, 4,310 in Wash-
ington, and 2,884 in Alaska. The aggregate capital invested was found
| to be $9,002,314. The shares of the different States were $2,526,746 for
| California, $2,272,351 for Oregon, $1,593,567 for Washington, and
$2,609,650 for ee The value of the catch was $6,245,192, a sum
| representing the products as landed by the fishermen. Of this amount
California is credited with $3,022,991, Oregon with $872,405, Washington
with $931,568, and Alaska with $1,418,228.

The chief ee constituting the aelaaat of the west coast fisheries
are salmon, cod, herring, flounders, rockfish, smelts, whales, fur seals,
crabs, shrimps, and oysters. The salmon are nearly as valuable as all

of the other products combined. Next to these in point of value are
whalebone, oysters, fur-seal pelts, shrimp, cod, flounders, crabs, herring,
whale oil, rockfish, and smelt.

Chief among the fishery industries of the Pacific States is the can-
ning of salmon, which is prosecuted on a large scale in California, Ore-
gon, Washington, and Alaska. In 1892, 56 canneries were in operation.
These utilized 81,487,993 pounds of salmon, having a value of $2,376,037,
from which 1,118,098 cases of canned fish, each holding 48 one-pound
cans or the equivalent, were prepared, the market value of the canned
goods being $5,294,032.

|

HueGu M. SMITH,
Assistant in charge Division of
Statistics and Methods of the Fisheries.

Ser sre: Be A
te 5s Peat hee.
hake Fae we

Ble

THE FISHERIES OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

‘ By WiLu1AM A. WILCOX,

Statistical Agent, United Slates Commission of Fish and Fisheries.

GENERAL REMARKS.

In the years 1888 and 1889 the writer conducted a personal canvass
of the fisheries of the Pacific Coast of the United States. Detailed
statistics of the fishing industry were obtained, and descriptive notes
on the history, apparatus, and methods of the fisheries, the abundance
‘of the economic products, the fishing-grounds, etc., were secured. A
‘report! embodying the results of that inquiry was published in the
Report of the United States Fish Commissioner for 1888 and exten-
‘sively distributed among the persons engaged in the fishing industry
of that region.
In 1892 the rapidly growing importance of the various fisheries of the
Pacific States, as determined by the investigations in 1888 and 1889,
appeared to warrant further attention, and, accordingly, in August of
that year, the writer was again detailed for duty on that coast for the
purpose of making another investigation of the commercial aspects of
the fishing industry. The inquiries began on the Columbia River and
were extended over the entire coasts of Washington, Oregon, and Cali-
fornia, the canvass being completed in May, 1893. The accompanying
‘report is based on the observations made and information gathered
during that time. The detailed references to products, apparatus,
methods, fishing-grounds, ete., in the previous report make unnecessary
at this time any similar discussion. The text in the present paper is,
therefore, intentionally brief, and is either explanatory of the statistics
or is addressed to changes that have occurred in the industry since
the last investigation.
The years intervening between the two investigations will be recalled
as those of more or less depression in nearly all kinds of business. A
period of great commercial activity was followed by a marked decline
in most branches, and many of the young cities of the west coast that
had been giving employment to thousands of laborers and mechanics
found their growth for the time checked. A general depression in other
lines of trade has often had a beneficial effect on the fisheries, For lack

‘Report on the Fisheries of the Pacific Coast of the United States. 269 pages;
49 plates of fishes, apparatus, boats, vessels, fishing-grounds, etc.

> i 143
iy:

144 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

of other regular employment, men of small means have turned to the
fisheries and thus have not only found work, but have assisted in fur- |

nishing the masses with cheap and wholesome food at a time when this

was specially needed. This was the case at a number of places in the |

Pacific States during the later years covered by this report.

The previous report on the fisheries of this region contained a number
of suggestions for the improvement of the fisheries. Among these were
the much-needed use of ice, the adoption of cold storage, and the better
care of fish by fishermen and dealers. In most cases the desired reforms
were as conspicuous for their absence in 1892 as in 1889. Fresh fish
continue to be sent to the city markets as they come from the water,
seldom being eviscerated; and only a small amount of ice, if any, is
used on them during transportation. When the market fishermen adopt

the custom, which is almost universal in the East, of dressing and icing |

their catch before shipment, an increased demand and better prices may

be expected, to say nothing of the advantage which will come to the

consumer through having more wholesome food.

As during the previous investigations, the inquiries of the Commis- |

sion were much facilitated by the courtesy of railroad, steamboat, and
express companies in permitting access to their records. The fishing
and canning firms of the coast took great interest in the agent’s inqui-
ries, and often extended much assistance, in addition to allowing the
examination of records. The thanks of the Commission are due to

CONDENSED STATISTICS OF THE INDUSTRY.

the fishing interests of the west coast and also to the members of the.
State fish commissions for courtesies extended.

The field work on the Sacramento, San Joaquin, and Eel rivers and
Monterey and San Francisco bays was ably assisted by Mr. A. B.
Alexander, of the United States Fish Commission steamer Albatross.

The extent of the fisheries of the Pacific Coast in 1892 is shown in the '

following tables, the figures for California, Oregon, Washington, and
Alaska being separately given.

In the matter of persons engaged in the industry, California leads in
the item of vessel fishermen, Washington in shore or boat fishermen,
and Oregon in shore employees, such as factory hands, although Alaska
leads in the number of shoresmen when all its canneries are in operation.

The aggregate investment in the fisheries of Alaska is greater than
elsewhere, owing to the relatively expensive canneries there located
and the large amountof working capital required to operate them. Cali-

fornia takes first rank in the number, value, and tonnage of vessels |
employed, and also in the number of seines and gill nets used, but the —
seines in Washington and the gill nets in Oregon have a greater value. —
Oregon follows California in the amount of the general investment, and

has important pound-net and wheel interests which are lacking else-
where except in Washington.

7 PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 145

_ Nearly half the value of the products of the fisheries of the coast
represents the outcome of the fisheries of California. That State takes
‘precedence in the catch of numerous market fishes, as well as cod,
oysters, crabs, shrimp, fur seals, and whales. The salmon fishery is
most valuable in Alaska, the yield of whose fisheries is second to those
of California in value. Washington leads Oregon in the general impor-
‘tance of the fisheries, owing to the relatively important oyster fishery,
which is insignificant in Oregon.

Persons employed in the fishing industry of the Pacific Coast of the United States in 1892.

How employed. Alaska. | California.| Oregon. | Washington.} Total.
BEESON SHOLIGS= <== === =2222-.--550-sceace0 331 1, 825 117 376 2, 649
Smemahore fisheries .........-----.-.s----.-+-- 1, 020 2, 968 2,705 3, 082 9, 775
had A earn oe 1, 533 610 1, 510 852 4,505
Pilea Teles eet ota Se masa sis a weds sie ani 2, 884 5, 403 4, 332 4,310 16, 929

Vessels, boats, apparatus, shore property, and cash capital employed in the fisheries of the
Pacifie Coast of the United States in 1892.

Alaska. California. Oregon. Washington.
Items. aa A maz aw as
No. | Value. No. Value. | No. Value. No. Value.
MIS noe sais as onits2 ses cae 40 |$461, 000 84 |$890, 450 24 $90, 400 51 | $114, 630

Tn DOS ae aie eget BeO2e: oem meceiee 12 A36sS0 se wink - oa 802: 83) (9.25 = 3 in ae Pie a ae ee a Ee

RNS Sa eo) ee 3a, 400; eee 5 cies 394, 000 |-.----- PAUP SY |e son 33, 630
ee cae 421 | 63,575 1,391 | 183,520 | 1,494 | 154,425] 1,690] 132,330

ene A

“lin oo SRR 69 27, 025 193 20, 985 32 12, 600 163 46, 725
| Gillnets and trammel nets.| 243 28, 750 2,946 | 120,547 | 1,396 212, 260 886 112, 600

Pound nets and trap nets... LG) 134200) |o2 secs ece skecnec = 247 | 173, 400 157 | 124,700

Bag nets and paranzella.

Ol. aap Sasa eee eee eeeel Ppregeeeartas all ee BS ee Gee eae se Peetesersa rc reseer
] Fyke nets and. minor nets..|......|......... 49 980 50 250 30 600

eee ees 4050) |Veseee ots. 1519545 ee eee 109520) eae 5, 830

EIS Sem ERIE SSSA en | tela | ea iy aio ee | 40 132, 852 17 49, 000
BIER OGS, OLG ciecndeon | soe hse socseelt aescme- 54 G89) |b... AQT cam ints 3, 505
Mother apparatus ...........|--.-.. Seeder Se aT SURAT" ttc. oe 2505 0th |= 2 eae 6, 217
MERPGINLODETbY --- <2 2-2. ---|-<<--- T20nO000| Gace cerns B9o"a20N | eaoeee 660, 150 |..-.-.-..| 417,800
‘Cash EIU A sae tp, ap Hee Zo tp OOO |e an emtetalae are he ee0 5 OOO (seen S03 000 Es = tee 546, 000

Aa Ones al 2,609,650 |.......--.. (2,526,746 |....... AL 9 Ae ol ee ee 1,593,567
SUMMARY.
Items. No. Value. Items. No. Value.
| oh 2 oe ee 199 |$1, 556, 480 || Apparatus—continued.

LDS eee ae 14s 510248) |22 Sareea Fyke nets and minor nets. 129 $1, 830
NE SA Se Sa eee 481, 325 PATER) 22 whe scence ac cleats oeacese ass 36, 354
i ES Sea ae 4,996 | 533,850 || Wheels...............---- 57 181, 852
Apparatus: Pemones: hoes,elGss..cceset|accsccancs 4,343

LL 457 107, 335 Otherapparatus......-5.-|222.22225 22, 108
| Gillnets and trammel nets- 5, 47 ATS Ge || SUOLe property~ss-c5+-+s0-|\ssenaccece 2, 394, 920

Pound nets and trap nets. . 420 siledOnniCasieapitales soe -.. os -n/.on|saeceeesas 2, 852, 500

Bag nets and paranzella | a

LOL Gee Cesena "1, 299 43, 960 Rotaliass6). eae cee cotiiacecmee. 9, 002, 314
F. R. 93——10
>

}
146 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. .
Products of the fisheries of the Pacific Coast of the United States in 1892.
Alaska. California. Oregon. Washington.
Species.

Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
PAmCHOVICSi-0 eee [asec eeene| aeeeeeees 150,175 $1,502 seh. seel. Ue eee | ee eee eee
iBarracuGa <22-.-:|socee -oaeesleeseeencee 326, 804 M2000"): wlio carnee naar ne oe aetna See e a eee
Bonito 24. ee ae Ses | Se ees Bs Lee 249, 332 A002 S22 2 Re ae ee eee
(CPE ar TS Sep gaia a Same Is oe 65, 662 DAOT |) ase bance aloe cm tee eee ee
@odise.censs=S=see2: 2,219,835 | $55,562 | 2, 274, 565 56864.) So See ae. le See 539, 000 | $21, 560 |
(Grillin ony: eseSabe||Sonemobes se letoocancds 230, 670 7, 070 26, 304 | $1,315 359, 000 6, 875 |
MIOUNGELS |: =.-1)2S =| Sessile eee eine ee 4, 225, 885 94, 180 10, 000 400 184, 560 3,191
LUO U EeSSee cee Sod lscerooeccse| orcmoo bes Seoseetee a|soee seas 18, 870 1,787 | 1, 410, 500 29, 140
Herring aessss-e eee 18, 700, 000 32, 900 | 4, 486, 887 O96 ss Peers meeeeee: 617, 112 6, 817
Mackerel! ..<,a2 ccs ieeiect soda eee estes 350, 399 14 ON a G.c et Sal Seek alae sateen eee | eee
IPOLchisztewcosssee elt ae ee coe eeemesnaee 335, 117 MONO OT OE Na cote |t= sesreree 65, 140 1, 303
TROCKISH. seh cecace=| eeekes eee leeeeesene 1, 829, 657 51, 765 86, 115 4, 255 163, 000 4, 515
Salmon! 2esa-cene ee 42, 231, 500 |1, 219,973 | 4, 862, 408 179, 031 |25, 536, 701 781, 000 |21, 684, 211 | 551, 546
Sardines)2222ee csr aace seco lesoeecnees 752, 994 15237 Nes sos S hc cell ye cseee |b eee ee Cee eee
Seaibass qc Set hee leone dese al seeaeceece 257, 712 OOD aad see ee eel se eie ere 4] mee nee ee el | Oe
STE S SHS Me en aes SS Cee Een Ineaerern ete 526, 494 14, 372 109,000 | 3,270 1038, 350 3, 188
SMG Ge se eee | Sane careers el ley ehs aenae 1, 919, 894 HSSAG9) Eaten {penne 321, 726 6, 158
Stripedibasses--- =|: 244sebe ee (jae e eens 56, 209 6,,488>) osc casos neltee eee leche se eee
NuUrPeON see see c|fe ses ecee ss aoe tee sets 718, 017 21, 854 513, 490 | 28, 001 543, 623 5) 77
Viellow=tall rsa aac acces et alae aces 354, 434 WS 6828 arcs eet sas|eeeeeee Renee nee aes
Othertisheeeese: 2a soens cea ce ee te cee 2, 257, 410 ATTB8O0r shen seees a eae oes 55, 000 4, 650
Abalone meats and

RUCLISHS see eee eels be eee cles ecrse ets 404, 547 URCDY Mt ESeesae eeessel eee sekssellasss.
Octopusiandisquid: |e 22. 4e eal sae nce 374, 622 29-0390 225. occas ael=/-| Gee eee |r
Glanisthardsecers ca lecer ccac ce elas seen 479, 500 Gyan eee eS oe oe ae ee |
Clams" softies s: cee lb ss eee esl Ace eke 2, 017, 200 20, 433 49, 500 825 684, 000 5, 700
Oysters BOCES a RCs S| | GSO URE EES ocd es ceRe Cee 15, 098, 700 698, 257 147, 000 3,062 | 9,895,440 | 147, 995
WERE) EP Se eee ee eS [are Perea Le 2, 880, 000 12000: 53x. Soe alee . Sa cleeek ee |
Ora sse cee eee loc e sees cll aeor wees 2, 862, 320 102, 900 4,125 495 79, 000 3, 550
Tall Sees ay stetee apre es eel ape eters ete ater iat | Steere epee 20;:000),) 23/000. |. .= 2322-05 cere
Shrimipiand pra wael|oeacslecesesi| ase seat = Bycie hor tan |) PES Eile) AAeapeeases| cosas nee 2, 000 500
SPINY MODS TOL ee an cle rialon ete sleet tesa 303, 275 A860 eecce] oa Saeee =| Perens =e eee
Terrapiniand frogs.| es. .se--4|seese-eee 45, 625 BHO eae ae sees aeenemee 13, 125 5, 250
Hair-seal and sea-

MH ONGPELUS Ta eerie |e citeicie emits eee cial ereleteee are 2) 26a) saicterce esis rare sree Saleen ee
Kur-seal peltss=224-|5-2 2622 NOT SShleeeecneeeee VOTO2O see eee 435/266))| te cee eerese 121, 528
Sea-otter pelts\-..- lass =o 2 2oO a eee aoe BG. 150 ieee casas ee 1/729: |. ss. 2225585 |e
Wahaletoilosse ssc |sseteeeas ce loner eee. 1, 574, 843 62) 23M eke Secon | Pees o see tae eee eee | Seen
Wihalebone 25542.) eeeeeeas 6 Sne-e cee 1.97, (339! \) O37, STD eek ae 84) Ss See |
PAU GBs = cise cei taca|seeeteorsee lsc osecenes 28, 325 AP 133) oasis foe Sos |S2 Saleen
PAU other productsy|=- senses alec eee 28, 100 1 RARE eR em a Cmte ae aes 37, 500 2; 350

Motel 22 ox. n= 63, 151, 335 |1, 418, 228 |57, 838, 466 |3, 022,991 |28,521, 105 |872, 405 |36, 757, 287 | 931, 568

SUMMARY.
Species. Pounds. Value. | Species. Pounds. Value.

PAN CHOVIGS mes cceie sciceea ee 150, 175 $1,502 || Abalone me ats and shells- 404, 547 $9, 351 |
Barra cud aveeias-eecee snes. 326, 804 12,530 || Octopus and Squid espe 374, 622 29, 039
BONGO fe sen~ toes actos eee 249, 332 9*400) ||| \Clamis shards. S22 52s pee 479, 500 6, 449 ©
Campyscen= aooenc eee aac 65, 662 2,191 Clams, BOLE oe saceeose eer 2, 750, 700 26, 958
Wade ee Sree seen Se 5, 033, 400 138898671 (Oysters cece sees eee aoe 25, 141, 140 849, 314
Wnltts-cod’) ce.cs-5--2e5 n= 615, 974 15, 260 MGSQIS Sec ce eee ene 2, 880, 000 12, 000
Wlounderse:s----,..saceoeee 4, 420, 445 A Nt CraDSs caaceeeee neonates 2, 945, 445 106, 945
JAM NTIS scemecoscesencsocsec 1, 429, 370 304927) || Crawiish seen: sees 20, 000 &. 000
MLGRPIN D Noes hac sea ccs es ws 23, 803, 999 95, 513 || Shrimp and prawn -..---- 5, 315, 345 242, 317
Mackorelt {25.2 se soc cce ne 350, 399 14, 159 Spiny lobster. esses sce 303, 275 8,486 -
Perc ibescte cece scene sees 400, 257 12, 230 || Terrapins and frogs------ 58, 750 13, 300
ROCKS bye se eete cna sea 2, 078, 772 60,535 || Hair-seal and sea-lion :
Salonen se sop eneee ose 94, 314, 820 |2, 731, 550 Peltsiy He ses hol es | ee ee 2, 267
NALUINSS He em eeiese seeker 752, 994. 15230 || Hur-seal\ pelbsy.s202 46. 2258 |a-ceeeee ees 439, 893
SeaDASS eo seco Ss os sae os 257, 712 STG) | [isle sani iiisces Sen eeee|(Seaoae bene 40, 099
S)TE iL eS PR ea 738,844 | 20,825 || Whale oil .........---.--- 1, 574, 843 62,123
SIMONI care seein cele ate 2, 241, 620 59627 I Wihalebone: = << -- -sceese = 197, 339 937, 371
Striped “bass eer cme ote ale 56, 209 674.884| VAT one ee Bo Ee Soe weet. sateen 28, 325 1, 1388
SHUN OCONIM esses <a ce 3, 775, 130 55, 612 Air odice products .....-- 65, 600 4,317
BVellow-tallljie 5 hos 2 1 Scoee 354, 434 13, 682 ee eee |
Opherthshieeenesseenanacoe 2, 312, 410 52,010 Notalisai odiacsoceee 186, 268, 193 | 6, 245, 192

“‘V>SV IY SONV ISI

NIDVANHS SAOD S1Vuld NOLVLS SNIHSIS GOO

PLATE 2.

Pacific Coast Fisheries. (To face page 147.)

1893

c

Sale

Report U

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 147

Summary of the salmon-canning industry of the Pacific Coast of the United States in 1892.

Per wo. of | Cash | Total Salmon utilized. Salmon canned.
States. pad can- | Value. | ,, apital. invest- :

ployed. meres: aoe Pounds. | Value. Cases. | Value.
California -.--. 222 6 | $95, 000 | $40,000 | $135,000 | 1,071,612 | $32, 568 15, 884 75, 696
Oregon ..------. 1, 510 22 598, 000 ' 835, 000 |1, 433, 000 |26, 432, 711 793, 238 | 394,486 |2, 085, 072
Washington... 851 13 | 369,750 |~ 520,000 | 889,750 |16,449,570 | 424,208 | 238, 758 |1, 163, 590
Alaska .....--- 1,399 15 | 493,400 1,067,500 1,560, 900 |37, 534,100 |1, 126,023 | 468,970 |1, 969, 674
Total.-..| 3,982 | 56 |1,556, 150 2,462, 500 /4, 018, 650 |81, 487, 998 |2, 376, 037 |1, 118, 098 |5, 294, 032

\ {

CALIFORNIA.
GENERAL IMPORTANCE AND EXTENT OF THE INDUSTRY.

The fisheries of California are more important and varied than those
of any other west coast State, as determined by the products taken.
Considering the entire country, the rank of California as a fishing State
is sixth; in the value of its products it is surpassed only by Massachu-
setts, Maryland, New York, Virginia, and New Jersey. The growth of

the industry of late years has been marked, and the near future will
doubtless witness an advance in the relative position of California at

the expense of several of the east coast States named. The possibilities

for the development of the inshore and offshore market fisheries and
of other branches are believed to be great.

The special products which give to California the important rank it
‘now occupies are oysters, shrimp, crabs, whales, fur seals, and the
general food-fishes of the coast; in the yield of all these it surpasses the
other States of thisregion. The salmon catch, while large as compared
with the other products of the State, is insignificant when the remainder

of the region is considered. The State owes much of its prominence in
‘this connection to the extensive offshore vessel fisheries carried on for
whales, cod, fur seals, etc., a branch of the industry which is of very
small extent elsewhere on this coast.

The extent of the fisheries of this State in 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892
is shown in the following tables, which relate, respectively, to persons
‘employed, capital invested, and products taken:

Persons employed in the fisheries of California.

How engaged. 1889. 1890. 1891. | 1892.
BESS HET sols yao ae Seid 2 oc te os Sielels aia cig se ecins se nie eisiciss ciate 1,147} 1,412} 1,569 1, 825
MIRE OS. LS NOMOS por a 0G = <a aee yercie semi deciclceicjcoe ce swiejes maa 2,940 | 2,922] 2,964 2, 968
Canning industry and wholesale trade. .......... 22. ee eee eee ee eee ee 597 547 576 610
6 cso ss pai ot allem le oa ol a 4,684 | 4,881 | 5,109! 5,403

|
148 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. |

Vessels, boats, apparatus, shore property, etc., employed in the fisheries of California,

1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.
Items. .
No. | Value. No. | Value. No. Value. No. Value. —
WGSSOLS se soc- 2 hese soe 53 ($628, 900 63 $715, 300 74 |$784, 900 84 | $890, 450
Tonnage. -----2--2e<s| 8608. 601)| sae LO: 261.280] ee. ce ars 10: 5821S NE eee 12, 436.30 |....-. 2am
@uthity ce ee ens eee eee 201, 382! \esec enc clee B28. 907! |e a= = aiceele 338) 959 | eee eee 394, 000
Bante ne oo ceeee e e 1,351 | 179, 336 1, 364 | 180, 500 1,397 | 184, 123 1,391 | 183,520
Apparatus :
Sine) Se Satoosaoadoss 187 21, 520 188 21, 195 192 21, 140 193 20, 985
Gill and trammel nets. 2,680 | 117, 845 2,675 | 114, 700 2,791 | 117, 427 2, 946 120, 547
Bag nets and paran-

ZOllalmeus see eee eee 1, 254 88, 755 1, 251 38, 640 1, 289 42, 395 1,299 43, 960
Fykenets.---.-..:-.-- 49 980 49 980 49 980 49 980
Wines 2. 1:2 attecee A eee 11, O86 Heese seen AR O58 lesse moe 14,950 Mae eee 15, 954
Potscs se eee eee ee eee 183 256 196 273 200 278 203 283
Hoes, rakes,and tongs-|--------- 6815 | eeeee = (WM) esoasoecse (ihiBeero sacar 689
Other apparatus ------ eee eke 6053')|2e2seee= TESTI He) ee ee erke 1 S085 setae cess 13, 058

Shore) propertye--es--—5|\-4--—- = 45978069) pe eee sine AQOTORT emeecneers BS VSGytsi Rosson nec 596, 320
Cash capital asc secs eae oe ee 445008 ees andes 303) O00) ese eae 2485000) aacee eee 246, 000
Total 2k esee acer celaee eee. 2,081,950 vee parece Pop il eeseseseee 2.302;4463| Se eee 12, 526, 746
Products of the fisheries of California.
1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.
Species.
Pounds. |} Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value.
Anchovies, fresh ..---- 122, 510 $2, 447 135, 000 $2,700 145, 000 S24: 150, 175 $1, 502
Mikasmackerel salted t\ecsecee se —-ce ea ol Seeeeeeaoel eet tate 64, 800 4,860): 2isics sale nese eee
Barracuda, fresh.----.- 383, 088 16, 381 395, 238 16, 645 575, 731 21, 717 217, 190 8, 693
Barracuda, salted... .-- 117, 626 4, 427 115, 840 4, 054 119, 042 4, 249 109, 614 3, 837
Bonito, fresh..--------- 80, 619 3, 456 93, 388 4, 237 106, 410 4, 626 77, 110 3, 280
Bonito, salted.--...----.- 1538, 934 5, 421 187, 417 6, 658 174, 484 6, 179 172, 222 6, 120
Carpatreshit=-e- =--4-5- 51, 214 1, 734 58, 113 1, 974 59, 618 2,016 65, 662 2,191
Cod saillted2---- sence 1, 463, 424 36,587 |1, 782, 679 44, 567 |2, 047, 911 51, 393 |2, 274, 565 56, 864
Cultus-cod, fresh .---.- 131, 044 4, 736 167, 758 6, 283 213, 618 7, 639 230, 670 7, 070
Flounders, fresh. .-.--- 3, 657, 990 87, 331 |8, 531, 158 85, 237 |3, 071, 989 77, 280 |4, 182, 048 “92, 426
Flounders, salted ------ 67, 880 2, 715 43, 649 1, 747 41, 071 1, 644 43, 837 1, 754
Herrine: fresh. ===. 2, 572, 811 66,101 |3, 398, 824 54,996 |3, 757,075 | 48,571 |4, 486, 887 55, 796
Kingfish, fresh .--..... 8, 460 254 10, 208 306 24, 080 963 40, 000 1,201
Mackerel, fresh......--. 315, 253 18, 249 311, 564 12, 698 518, 883 20, 863 350, 399 14, 159
Rerchsiresh! ccs. 2 353, 849 15, 908 400, 429 18, 273 325, 455 10, 906 335, 117 10, 927
Rockfish, fresh ........ 2, 065, 678 63, 119 |2, 253, 30€ 67, 822 }1, 893, 072 59, 325 |1, 819, 987 51, 282
Rockfish, salted ....--- 42,553 1, 866 30, 716 1, 354 29, 219 1, 258 9, 670 483
Salmon, chinook, fresh -/6, 765, 430 | 271,092 3,380,116 | 184,492 |2,341,045 | 91,639 3,541,204 | 141,155
Salmon- chinook. salted :|-o- 2-6 -<<ic| «sien oe oe | pastes osel eae ere eeA eae Ee eee oe 90, 000 3, 600
Salmon, silver, tresh-.-.|1, 365,720 | 40, 826 |1, 184, 952 35, 381 |1, 073, 446 34, 516 881, 762 27, 632
Salmon, silver, salted..| 485, 600 17, 324 | 167,000 6, 680 116, 200 4,448 39, 000 1, 560
Salmon, steelhead, fresh) 440,921 | 10,506 | 363,399 7,007 | 315,731] 6,220 | 310,442 6, 084
Sardines, fresh......-.. |1, 097, 397 2,429 1,314,800 ; 20,591 | 937,568 | 18,988 | 752,994 15, 237
Sea bass, fresh........-. 452, 847 17, 957 319, 081 12, 560 372, 258 12, 414 2538, 212 9, 610
Sea bass, salted........ 2, 500 125 6, 581 291 21, 301 1, 022 4, 500 185
Shadstreshtasseee eee 263, 788 10, 833 318, 140 11, 891 445, 006 15, 856 926, 494 14, 372
Smelt, fresh.........--- 1,915,478 | 57,492 |2,073,599 | 61,306 |2, 126,084 | 64,623 |1,91y, 894 | 53, 469
Striped bass, fresh. .--- 16, 296 4,073 | 20,119 4, 021 30, 674 4, 602 06, 209 6, 488
Sturgeon, fresh ........ 693, 650 21, 250 612, 585 18, 869 727, 551 22, 213 418, 017 21, 854
Yellow-tail, fresh... --- 188, 272 7, 336 112, 583 4,817 160, 981 6,591 163, 027 6, 871
Yellow-tail, salted... --. 58, 243 2,116 172, 268 6, 109 178, 751 6, 334 191, 407 6,811
Oflier Hshiescheeee. a 11,717,851 | 33,277 |1,895,101 | 36,022 |1,902,992 | 37,971 |2,217,410 | 46, 159
Abalone meats and
Shellssnosek 62-2 es 310, 079 8, 089 203, 783 5, 553 302, 781 Woke 404, 547 9,350
Octopus and squid. --.- 484,100 | 38,212 | 267,809 | 20,816 | 814,910 | 24,323 | 374, 622 29, 039
@lampsihard 2.26) -s..ce 570, 710 6,232 | 511,980 5,975 | 450, 800 5,660 | 479, 500 6, 449
Clams, soft..........-... 1, 118, 700 11, 897 1, 261, 980 13, 421 |1, 515, 360 15, 877 |2, 017, 200 20, 433
WV SUOTS Pere antec ee ee 12,369,000 | 571,525 |12,829,500 | 592,137 |13,387,800 | 618, 455 |15,098,700| 698, 257
Mussels ...... BEA reat |2, 100, 000 8,750 |2, 700, 000 11, 250 2,998, 080 12, 500 |2, 880, 000 12,000.
COralbsee see ce ce soe -|2, 030, 400 79,045 2,090, 000 83, 125 |2, 348, 100 93, 406 |2, 862, 320 102, 900
Shrimp and prawn. ....|5, 535, $22 | 253, 617 |5, 822, 693 | 266, 593 14, 892, 940 | 223, 601 |5, 318, 34£ 241, 817
Spiny lobster ------..--. 266, 458 7,327 | 278,310 7, 747 272, 245 7, 668 303, 275 8, 486
Terrapin and frogs .... 41, 250 5, 400 47, 563 7, 550 49, 762 7,770 45, 625 8, 050
Hair-seal and sea-lion
DGLUSE Reed ese co. case oaeceee DGB Sccmremeresee IETH MU S Sosorcacess SAS: aaoascooes 2, 267
Hunr-sealipelts. 3-2-2 222lssseee eee 1521945. bee ee GONG wes ee NBS 2 200 ometecieee 167, 526
DEA-OuvEr Melts..2-csoscs|s-enceee ee 30572007 |seaceeeee 29° 300" ee ae ES TM) (eccceSAase 36, 150—
AWahaleroils: joc Ses. = 1,510,080 | 61, 952 |2, 235,915 | 105, 052 |1, 763, 985 71, 190 |1, 574, 843 62, 123
Whalebone ............ 119, 650 | 520, 478 170,118 | 680, 472 223, 771 {1,118,855 | 197,339 | 937,371)
Sealtoule sone chee. 14, 610 619 11, 790 521 9, 990 423 | coe. carn sae ete eee
(Cori s(n rinG YRS ae eee eA Sense Pencil me St rollers ate Se |e Dae ee 600 428
Pact SAIN sce occ s Fo. = [roan | Se nC 975 65 |-<cecee oe :
Cod tongues .....---... 12, 600 882 13, 800 966 16, 200 1, 134 27, 500 1, 925 :
INGER Se eee ee | 20, 170 807 29, 345 1,174 19, 141 765 28, 325 1, 133 —
aoe | oe | — a ee
MPobales.soe2ateisce 53,505,055 |2,465,317 |53,330,194 2,592,826 52,483,906 |3,031,430 57,838,466 |3, 022, oo

i

ee

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 149

In the foregoing figures, the products have, wherever practicable,
been reduced to the common unit of a pound. In the following table
such products as crabs, clams, oysters, etc., that are commonly sold on

a different basis, and the pelts of marine mammals of which only the
value is given in the above table, are shown by number, bushels, ete.,
as the case may be.

Species. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.

DE IPE ee ee ROS r eae ee oN ita ptavaycim syaimiayed number..| 676, 800 696, 667 782, 700 954, 107
DSA ALO sole fee mas hoe = seme sacl ataie cases sc bushels. . 8, 153 7,314 6, 440 6, 850
ONDE STC EES PM Sao ee ee ee ea eee Gow 42\\) ) 1SnG45 21, 033 25, 256 33, 620
a a ees ee bau saan See a celes aac ees do..--| 35, 0u0 45, 000 49, 968 48, 000

PIRIEESER Pee e ets tag ee as nie miceae mleimia © sie hl = ao ).m aie do.--.| 146, 150 151, 325 158, 130 178, 645

air-seal and sea-lion pelts...-.-.-----.----------- number. - 814 639 573 535
mnr-seal pelts..--.----2+------2- Ss bec KOMSe 1, 691 5, 818 8, 948 14,710
Sea-otter pelts --- Pe 307 293 163 235
OTT aw yt SER se eas ee Ee ee ere gallons. .| 201,344 | 298,122 | 235,198 209, 979

SHAD AND STRIPED BASS.

_ Among the most interesting and important information that may be
presented regarding the fisheries of California is that concerning the
remarkable success attending the introduction of shad and striped bass
in the waters of the State. While much has already been said and
written on this subject, the following data, representing the personal
inquiries of the writer, are thought to contain some points of interest
not before generally known.

Soon after the shad first began to be caught in the gill nets of the
salmon fishermen of San Francisco Bay and Sacramento River, the fish
were protected by State law, and the few examples occasionally smug-
gled into the San Francisco market sometimes brought the fishermen
$5 apiece. The rapid increase of the fish, however, soon made it appar-
ent that further protection was unnecessary, and, accordingly, in 1889
the restrictions on capture were removed. In the year named the fish
were so abundant that at times they sold for 10 cents per pound. In
1892 the catch had become so large that the price at which the fish were
retailed in San Francisco was only 2 or 3 cents per pound, two fish often
being sold for 25 cents. At times the San Francisco Bay fishermen

were able to sell their catch at only 1 cent a pound. In other parts of
the State, where only a small number of shad are taken incidentally
during the salmon fishery, much higher prices are received in the local
market.

The catch of shad in California waters is made chiefly in San Fran-
cisco Bay and Saeramento River. Monterey Bay continues to be the
southern limit on the coast at which shad are found. More fish are
taken on the north side of the bay by the Santa Cruz fishermen than

elsewhere in that region. The mountain streams which enter the bay

at Santa Cruz may be responsible for the presence of the shad only on
that side of the bay. The fish is also taken in small numbers in all the

>

150 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

coast rivers north of San Francisco. In the vicinity of San Francisco
the principal part of the shad yield is obtained between February and
May, but the market fishermen of San Francisco take larger or smailer
quantities during every month. San Francisco is the only city in the
United States in the markets of which fresh shad just from the water
may be found at any time in the year.

All of the shad taken in California are obtained with gill nets and
haul seines used in other branches of the fisheries, no special apparatus
being used and no special attention being given to their capture.

The following table is of interest as showing the rapid increase of
shad during the comparatively few years which have elapsed since its
introduction on the Pacific Coast. The fish have not only increased
in numbers, but also show a gain in average weight and size which
has been quite marked. While a few years ago the average weight
was only 24 or 3 pounds, it is now somewhat over 4 pounds, and large
numbers of specimens weighing 8 pounds or more are taken.

1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.
Counties. a= 2 es
Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value.

Contra Costa ...-.. 96, 722 $3, 869 102,216 $4, 089 108, 111 $4,320 | 139, 364 $4, 181
Humboldt ..--..--. 300 30 250 25 160 16 100 10
Sacramento. --...--- 13, 224 793 15, 960 958 17,516 | 1, 051 21, 579 1, 295
San Francisco -.... 61, 072 2, 443 116, 942 3, 508 230, 460 | 6, 914 242, 749 4, 855
Santa Cruz....-.... 20, 264 810 24, 880 995 30, 120 1, 205 85, 000 1, 400
Solanoweosseeee sees 72, 206 2, 888 57, 892 2, 316 58, 739 | 2, 350 87, 702 2, 6381

ARotaliceee=--- 263, 788 10, 833 318, 140 11, 891 445,006 | 15, 856 526, 494 14, 372

The striped bass of the Atlantic is justly classed as one of the best
of the food-fishes of that coast. This fish was unknown on the Pacifie
up to its introduction a few years since through the agency of the
United States Fish Commission. During the past four years it has
steadily and largely increased in abundance and size, apparently
thriving as well in its new home on the Pacific Coast as on the Atlantic
seaboard. The principal catch is from about the first of October up
to the middle of February, but a few are taken in all of the other
months. Most of the fish are obtained from the salmon gill nets fished
in San Francisco Bay and its several arms, and near the mouth of the
Sacramento River.

The only apparatus used exclusively for striped bass are a few small
purse seines. The seines are from 40 to 50 fathoms long, 3 fathoms deep,
and cost $125 each. Each seine is operated by four fishermen and two
boats. The salmon gill nets, in which many bass are found, are 200 to
250 fathoms long, 44 fathoms deep, with a 6 to 64 inch mesh, and a
value of $150 to $225 each. Most of the bass are taken in and near the
mouth of the San Joaquin River.

The spawning-grounds of the fish are located in Middle River and
Old River, both arms of the San Joaquin, and only a few miles above
its mouth. These rivers have sandy and gravelly beds that are favorite

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 151

grounds for the striped bass during the spawning season. Many fish
are taken from this section, but few, if any, are found further up the
San Joaquin Miver.
The striped bass seems to make its home between the entrance to the
‘Golden Gate and the short distance mentioned up the San Joaquin, a
distance of some 100 to 125 miles. It does not go up the Sacramento
River much, if any, above its mouth, none being caught by Sacramento
fishermen near that city.
The striped bass vary in weight from 3 to 25 pounds, in some cases

reaching 35 to 40 pounds; the average is 8 to 12 pounds. With the

increase of the abundance of the fish and the augmented catch, both
the consumer and the fisherman have reaped benefits; the marked
decrease in price that favored the one was more than made up to the
fisherman in his larger sales. The average price received by the fisher-
men was 40 cents a pound in 1889, 25 cents in 1890, 20 cents in 1891,

/ and 124 cents in 1892.

- During the season of 1892, when fish were most abundant, the fisher-

_men received only 8 cents a pound, and again, in times of scarcity, as

high as 20 cents a pound. During 1888 the few bass caught brought

a dollar a pound in city markets; in 1892 the retail price was 20 to 30

cents a pound. The yearly catch has been as follows:

Years. Pounds. Value.
ORD od oe canes RE REO A ees EUS Bar ARR Reads eae 2, 440 $976
“LED oo ne he SEE ie SUR LER SEER ED ice ORRIN ERE ER MD Tk MOE 9, 760 2, 440
EIR eo ie bas Se ile ert ta false a ates isl plapen ata /nlm a a sul a) aA olela ala ot aimininl= lw ouie oie ele! Sele 21, 350 4, 270
ee ee ee ea ane aa iele sec cledes cee sihaule vinia sa alewie aalsiewieais'e care == vies 42, 700 5, 3387

152

DETAILED STATISTICAL DATA.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

In the following tables detailed statistics of the fisheries of Califor-

nia are given for the years 1889 to 1892 inclusive.

of each county are separately indicated.
(1) The number of persons engaged in different capacities in the fishing
industry; (2) the same designated by nativity and nationality; (3) the |
vessels, boats, apparatus, shore property, and cash capital devoted to—
the fisheries; (4) the quantity and value of products taken; (5) the-
same specified by the apparatus with which obtained. The statistical
information is thus more complete than any heretofore offered for this

State.

The fishery interests

The tables presented are:

Table showing by counties the number of persons employed in the fisheries of California
in 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892.

1889. 1890.
On | On On On
Counties. On ves-|_.- 1 In shore| shore, On ves- TOencTn In shore} shore, |
sels wees fish- | in can-| Total.| sels ese = fish- | in can-|Total.
fishing. |porting.| eries. | nice, fishing. porting. eries. aan |
Contra Costa ...--- 337 62 S11! eel nse cee 333 62 395
DelsNorte. aac -- 45 67 1b Daal eee a Steal ened SS 46 72 118
iMtumboldt=.---.--- 352 31 3457535 gavin eens oe > 316 6 322
os Amp eles=. .- 2-2) 225-6 ae \eetteeine UG SES cece NGO Se oer | eee Nfs RASA are 175
IVE QE Soe cee one | cee cereale. see ee 236 89 BOO) |e eceinea| ose ee ae 233 87 320
Whois Seesee see les secoss||sseccen- 12?) |pabeasas 12 Ph aces Salbassoscs HEY oeacosse 123
(WMOMNIR SA 4 oosessedieoc arsed isatosees Gh || S sneer hl Nelsas Seo|Socccase Wess sshae 10
Sacramento. se eeeeele- see ase eee 46 11 BY (5) Saerectoe |seoacnes 46 iil Ly
San Diego...--....- Bhs | Peace aee (P} \\easeesse 105 30) |e om eaemr Ua SSee see 102
San Francisco ..... 1, 090 24 797 263 | 2,174 1,355 24 799 270 | 2,448
Saneois ODS pOse-y-— eee ee | eee SDialGnccoeee BD posceee ee lheeeeace SEI aasaons 38
SanpMatcosees ee - | op eee ea ese Non oes soe. HOS Benen aoe elie eees a (ial eel 197
Santa barparace ae alesse ss) seaeese = Sia ers cies Bay les awenee 3 364 oo ee 39
Santa Orgisce. sae «|S oaees cell pace cee GON Ecce scr DD aesee aa ice sinces 63) |ce oe seee 63
Shasta -.cse «<2 sos -c|lo- eee eel ee ee cicer OT esas Ln eee scecesae 1 Nis (ene 9
SOLAN Dee ice sine etells ci ae eee meeeetre 380 74 4540 | 22 tetcos |e sec clare 378 39 417
SQNOM Acc cemate ose seecuxee |Seeeeaor UB Newer ee 1B ll Se Seee aloes UO hsiac comes 19
AUS CY yes De ees ee are ead a Pa DAN eS meeiets pO ee see ees sete 25 |S Sees 25
WieTbU a. )So mae cers cetome ale cease 0 ecices tor A oe ees atl Sees aee CO ene a 4
Notalestest« pale} 24 2, 940 597 | 4, 684 1, 385 27 2, 922 547 | 4, 881
1891. 1892.
On On
Counties. | On ves- OB Is In shore} shore, On ves- | _ On In shore, shore,
sels | a, fish- | in can-|Total.| sels Nene S| fish- | in can-|Total.
| fishing. jorting. eries. ete fishing manne eries. MeHies
Contra Costas. s 2. )|\--ceen5|tmajee ee 320 62 BBO ee some eeecreen 320 62 382
WelsNorte--=. <= -.-¢ eee See 47 45 Lal ete seal loaeea see 48 70 118
Humboldt .--.. Bes Meee eee 314 6 B20) || eee ae eee 320 6 326
Los Angeles -..-.- - SU eeeicc eins 191 25 219 Ws eens 199 25 234
Mianingsns ni ceeter oo 2Ay. 22a ees 238 88 B2GMNeee ote class eee 239 90 329
INIGHY ah ogee ee sen Eeeeerce Wena IAP E adesose OANA EAE A nalle te seeoe IP eeaasone 121
Orancemerere ee leone een shee | 12 rec sete: ADA cae ee Meee 12) P22eeeee 12
DACTAIMON LO ss em. se al Cait ome Neem 45 11 sis eee Sal Gece 44 11 55
San Diego .-.--..-.- QT |\etesre crane 82 Jes scc-cn 109 BO ES sees G62) 2222 eee 92
San Francisco -.--- 1,502 34 812 281 | 2, 629 1, 758 24 824 286 | 2, 892
Sanelads ODIs pO oe =| =a eer hen Bish \Ssqasone Bie sree Garena B8i|- sacks 38
SAMI VE ii seeesSopaleecernse Besccore PAV A eo ae PA Re RRMA eo brse 200)|- ee 200
Santasbarbar ae. ==. | so lca 3 Bl Nawwacien 407 |crossocee 3 Biel Besesaac 40
SantalOruzs see. cccleemee.- caleaceccke OP eeeeeac GAN See dn.2| Semen | 60e 25-222 60
SCOR icagospeebseeee seeadees| esogsae nO ee osesec D9 cers smicvacs |e ere See TU Pe cera 11
Solanoe esse ose. see ose - ee ceslosee oss 381 58 ASO Me San saes| seer ccee 384 60 444
MONOM Bie ayes <teicias elll> <a7e wi os ste cebeetog UG tl chess tena i eee eeceason ce 19: homer eeee 19
Rehm ase ae se = se Seer oe 38 ae DONE eee me DA yy ee gare ||C a Tee re 26s eee 26
WHT) Sa abeeearne | manners === 2s 2c Pe eee 4 eee eee Qi) 26 eee ee 4
Rotalé 252-460 in eRY? 37 2, 964 | 576 | 5,109 | 1,798 27 2, 968 610 | 5,403

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 153

g Table showing by counties the nativity and nationality of the vessel fishermen of California
i in 1892.

Los Angeles. San Diego. San Francisco, Santa Barbara.
Countries. Nativ- | Nation- | Nativ- | Nation- | Nativ-| Nation- | Nativ- | Nation-
ity. ality. ity. ality. ity. ality. ity. ality.

PAMTICG << ccicnsacan SPAR ae lon duocca Bee c OC ase | eee” lapererpeie IN || eae ee 2 [eid a oheterall ces ote
0 TEPID poSgoRob66e adn Son cl Seabe cn pesos ae ccd jocenecer Soermeasecre G3 races e!| sae See ee ee
2 PS AE Code etoogbseccsen| Ot SceSos)|Pssoscoscd | esbocs4|Seegerasar 6 eed e ateralie ee eee =
STU. (RES Seeppeecec oO SSiecbod eecceoeen Seceros. Porresonon € Eg Se spo ee a
RIEU es 2 8 2 ata a aloieialiefe los ae eo Sia ee eels lelsinet tac] sastoc lies Be | Ssseeate rete lie ecretorata ae eee ee
UC BO GP SEAS GEE OSE SaRARE IE SOBo Cbg Serres 6 6 3 Brille Se, SAS Ne See eee
EES pet beste GSS Esp ooe |lberseses| oe Soet oes ARCopIge s Isereirs ames 44 29h ers Seen a | eee ee
Oo fu LEM UES ai i Re | tr | eed eae ee Oi Sno: Ce A hoch 2 aed eR ee
Oo SOL obec etbbasboneecs|Sseegeed beugseceed becessad roodeass os 132 QLD ss Nee eee
OO APIU EG SBE CES RSS ek peeocss| |SEachtior | POS Gres Sac Hesiod leseeeer. me 24 1 eget ere: cei Set
oo CELUI? boeianht bScGsr sor |igeeencod Sccppecter baedsess Srescrecse 131 86:22 25 SE eee
DR Sao oar eesocipees) cmeGsre CA ge eee ae PERS | ate ie
LST Gi se Ce Oe eg a Oe 12 ile: Sea RR eee
(oy ETC be Sa Cee enace| memes Bi) |e ee ee
| LIM 6350 SSCS eee pane a eoee DES eee meee aacem oc
DUD To nbenoacpene DeCcSeee 45 45) 325 122 Eek Sees
BPRGSNCG tore oo sais ao SS S's 4 Ql | SS SAe SSA See ee
New Brunswick A Ren RA ee ee el page, S25
Newfoundland..-..--.-...-- UY amaentot ha rase eel seme
iNew Zealand -.....-:-.--.- OS PER 2 A SS is Se ay EER
DNORWYjo- = =a 2-— += => -— == 125 (ie see cod Greece sean
Nova Scotia.......-...----- | 2008 2. Re ules Shela sseece see
Gruueal.s222-----------25- ree 120 8B) | Se Peace tae
BEMESSIS: = mio ses 5-5 tees ~ 34 Do} "ya Ses 8 BAER eee
SMPEUCNONY ois = oo) 0) ea le es cce|semce econ seeseos|sosmemsi a= = (iit | eters Rael emcee nance sa oe
<1 EAGLES CTT Ce a ES 8 a ne eee 31 De Ne Pe NN | i Rey
ENO ee cacao s cama ai mice ce ale eee onenlaeescinae|macesecicne AB» | PEARS 2 otal Stare cree ee acest
0 AiR Gie CEN Geeeseesooe5||Seeceoed poessoceas||ssscsonelssocesasoe 14 oil eosoeee | oat aeins
“Ule IEl. 2.9 SSB gSU nen sua ap abe BS Sesuece SOceess Seal eceeaeal eaease ese 65 DD; lh facies) eee eee
SATELLITE Ee Se ee ee aba iors ice cisiais oe A aictayaiste dll ee eae ieiais a 129 Waly Se. teal Sole
SREREC OMAN Oe ses cm ae mians|s seleicise | tate sete ectele aceweteal| hieais ame. ee 6 CE aR ee aes oe
mMimited States..-.....-.--.. 7 8 6 12 642 1, 014 3 3
BITCH SCALOS: MNGIAN Sis 22 -|- sian 2|eseasjacasclt oS emer |eaeiose ack 9 9k 535 sae eae
Maney Staves.OL COlLOM Diss soe = 52| = ooee~sace |eoccciee~|o cee eccas 2 Pht |ScoPSteratererall a Senere eee
SMES PEN ION Sor cess rosie coals aisis elise = cinta cia cic||[efeisia.a es |e eaeweicte mn AS ed NS LR oe i

LUT SS eee ees eee 10 10 30 30 1, 782 1, 782 3 3

Nore.—In this table the various provinces of the British Empire are shown separately as regards
the nativity of the fishermen, but in the matter of nationality all are given under the general head of
England.

Table showing the nativity of the shore or boat fishermen of California in 1892.

Countries.
; aller lies Se a ial
Counties. 33 5 S £ a z | : 2g 3 g & |ES 3 Bg 3 .
#S/ a Fe tle 5 eID] Pa ora mS |e |S Si eS S18 oS
AM] « CS) =| 5) oy ee 3S =A = 5 a aa o 19 a =
=) SN ie eo
PiMormCOStdiaa.sss-2-) 0! 150) 27) 6 6) AIG T3871 ee : Saal ee
BIPIONOLtG,< «<< -= <2. Gh esac te | ow ec] ate marca eae ee ase Bi) ees eee eee eee cel ecod jocicr 48
iroamboldt......--.--- ti eae De ee eee eis ees ev OSE 2G cet smh Soe leone |i, q eal ect loteer 320
Los Angeles.......... Beh Nema Fa ees Rel east cab 2 RO ah 1 Le ev vc Ns
BUNA 2 ojat occ em = 3 5 =) 95200 |= -=:4|(bl Selene teem-lessate, Bor lity Dalesieele cts ol siete Tae | Saree mel sacs Oo
OTS ee ee CCIM Ie | tee Slt 1H il raed ee | Ge (1 Ree fae Ee ena
eS SBS ese eseecees Ga lReges wae-[eeee|----]----]----] 6 [.-2.].--.]----]---- Babe orion celle ane 12
pacramento -........-|..... ZO ils ses lease | een ire eee aie ree cl tetera o else i A) Ses oder ee 44
ManeDIGPO\.--..5--.-.2 G10) eae BPE ea sono l2a0d send Honee ng peoa seo ie Tepe d sea orale sec 62
San Francisco ......-. Gr cs00 seer a| Ue ee Ole 72a POTS oe ee tece al bOn| es tal amteliaaicrslinc celle weed:
San Luis Obispo. ...-.. Gel laeene 7 SSS Be Soe ol seee Seene Bree raters Poteos| NOOp lever= | ed |lsteerell arate 38
MATPIATCO--.----a20- + <|--- Po Ee Beal ee (Se= 6 [Ste eee Sense ese A ene, ee Soa SeSslssee seca? sour
Santa Barbara........ ON eT ed FG = ali ET ce a B22 Saran Sects aes 37
Santa Cruz 18 U| SA4 Beal\: salloSocl eae | AAS E So Bene) 0 ipl Bees pene Bese bene coc 60
Rasta ...22.22.52-.-. afl seeee Bee ee sand bore Sraleeeae Sepa apse spee noe SERA ae aR kos 11
Solano........ TOare ra) MAO Soe O mri OM LO: sue 4 | 14 | 28 12 | 10 384
Sonoma ...... (Oy aes Sees aliceate re Een tame hy ess | reveal ys |ioetns : : 19
PREB ANI =a ssacnncn Gale te 06 Ae a eas ee eenee Sra oe ae Sees Sieelowrseleeoalenae 26
DRUG oo occ c ssncc|a2c2<|-a>0- Beta: eo oa pee é 4 See eel eee --+|----| Bree 4
om Potale cose ~25=e = 346 | 975 | 48 |135 | 35 | 64 |205 | 713 | 66 | 34] 73 |233 | 18 1 | 12 | 10 | 2,968
®
® .

154 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Table showing the nationality of the shore or boat fishermen of California in 1892.

Countries.
Sileate aes q . seer ete = |
Fas ae Vc effet 5 Sal a| a) Stes] sls .] s |

Counties. 3s S E | 8 5 Alsi eB ES 3 3 |e lag 3 ae] lata

eS) 8/5 SN etal) eC I= hr= | Sn es ei Gh fics lh =

Nn a o Stab |peehel is iey ate = S 1a ra B 2°

p Se seth ikea} |feteana| ico) | PRET = Slinlis@imtta ls |e a
Contra Costa.=-.-- 5-1 Gyad paie eee Se) PM sees (iio? Nie] US Ye Ft Pt gl tee delijoc a 320
Del iNorter wass<c-c-- TS Wises Pe fomnercieis |e ern cs [leeene| sie cel alsets| WOU [serene royce) ley na ape elles 48
iim bol dite s-ae—==ere 232) || Sas By bestlseatlesorbeeal) BE Pad OG) lo") e7f eenallee 2 320
os: Angeles... 2 .--.-- TOON eer, Mee ealsaocleasl aera soe Pa all ai) i eesiobossloosale = 5 199
Miaringse sno oecnee ce HL F200) eae erie ere reiate|| MDI 2) ele cater. cella niet A aohes 239
IMontereyigeen -scceere BY AP as (eel esalleeco|lsscelssocltry joaeciseedibecd Mesclenod|sacd|eonellae aol) Tet
Oran ger eeeacesae =e BO Saeee [ees eater BoA seeallacsalline: UlbeerliR Sass alae jee es alo skellecd. 12
Sacramento .-..--.... 4 20 a eee as llason sacs jn DAIS alee Se fees tid Relat ema (sora 44
Nanp Wiel Os saree aee Re ee eles oo Bee a Sb So|Seele becca salledue |SaeESSs||— GS eteallease|occilece: 62
San Francisco...----- 220 | 300 |...-| 82 |..-.| 30 | 41 /113 |..-.|...-|-.--] 38 |.--.|----|----|---- 824
San Luis Obispo-.---- Wo BY | eecc|e lleceal|sooe|leb-c \edasl Ses oode (Haas bene URS cet eal etoile c. 38
Sant iateosss--e24> =| ee = PANO ee so Sch Resescos aad (see leaas|aacciscina laroe Ree ead eee aso 200
Santa Barbara...-.--- 14 eT Si |inc sy eb) eel 5554) |S50e|oeca loseal see BES Be neal este: 37
Santa Cruz....-- Poise 33 (Olena seen Cems cee [Serers| OU Sc re calf cry el oe P saleooeles 60
SHAStAis eats necesees ce iO eet) Goa teas ssc ecan secalsond|Esodloe = oe) Sie4 cl sce teloetel ties 11
Solan0:--ccncecsc sees IY t Pema nooe Bees soca saae WE 145 eee loses pore | bk S| weal see ieee ea 384
NONOMIS toes sce Os | Seer | evel ees | seal eter eect | eB lceshace ecole cel (enero rell poate here 19
MGHAM a eet ee oni) a Pay |aooeulleéocdl sac Beaclibasaioocalbostiloctoctase.|loemelssaa|Soscloocellsccelies 26
MVGMDULA cet <icicicre: <2 ssi Fob Sael|fond eeos|losad boas eS ley te oes Sees Sees sega seca (soen per 4 ea 4
Totalisseec sexyse 1,010 | 975 | 10 |100 |....] 32 |125 (479 | 66 | 11 | 17 |106 | 18 1 | 12 6 | 2,968

Table showing the nativity and nationality of shoresmen and factory hands employed in the
fishing industry of California in 1892.

Nativity. Nationality.
an n 5 a D
Counties. See Else h | ae 12/8
reg *| Seeders Sie ef sth eg IE A Weerey |icseey || oe ih |] ar :
Bel Sel Bilis | -[igo tee | oot awl i) al eA aaiinees
a= To) = w (a) ~~ Dal “4H oat o H oO ey
=| =| | E ° = ° a =| a 5 i) H °
Bb |p Ora | an | a pb |p Sey eA |e) | TS
Contra Costa.........--.-- 1 ees OOM eretars eveyone | acetates | nO Ph Peaoee Oi resales Hes 62
MeliNortec Ms Bese ees 15 GE) eaaos Se eA eed eset tiy 15 Sh asia cectljvoae a: 70
lagriedle) Gh oe eaosceoonce 5 GW \\pomoda||sscs' seedEoad| San 6 Giles Pale S ctecellsratael |e Bote 6
Los Angeles ......-..-.-.- PH} lo5s535\o5c0% Be lesen esse haene Pi enoGea|enboa|logca|sace Sue 25
Marineiesnecncoese ccomenn VG Resecalsosee 35 | 26 | 13 90 Ee Benes) boone 15) 13] 6 90
Sacramento .-.-.--- Sbhboosed Gh aaeas Barcel lascdltneeall. pail Grier Bi eros operas baes 11
San Francisco -.......-..-. 260) ee eer eee Bama eee eel |b skh eel On| eae see sesecllaesoatec Beall “2eli)
Semin pp atcceqobodscopseds SD ees AT || eal nwa eects 60 1S seem AT | comtleee mee 60
Motel ope sets ears toe 379 55 | 102 | 35 | 26/13 | 610} 419 55 | 102 | 15| 13] 6 610

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 155

Table showing by counties the apparatus and capital employed in the fisheries of California
in 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892.

Contra Costa.| Del Norte. | Humboldt. | Los Angeles. Marin.
Items
No. | Value. | No. | Value. | No. | Value.| No. | Value. | No. | Value.
1889.
IRIE Raia tsio sain aan slot aint 166 |$23,110 | 31 $910 | 146 | $3, 020 99 |$17,925 | 58 | $4,040
ee us —shore fisheries:

01D Se ee ee Ore cel Eee eee 3 800 17 5, 100 4 400 1 550
PAN EMOEDS Sa 5-5-4 vce amnatca'silas 75 | 16,500 | 31 950 | 120 | 6, 600 108 | 4,770 | 128 2, 280
PBT O USS oct) ocr om svicos 18) ae SRE a Ges enenenea peed boas. 23 2, 250 | 250 6, 280
2) SRHGHE Oe GageeeeeenGeoens|! UPL | ec {0u ead ls eRe eee Rain EueRr i galoosmosc|jocasoegelsmaaalecsascc-
OED UAE e is 2 eos Seascale Sco onsale 5 Shes eeraee eo bates Seceiscre Soeaaee Serpetics 12 180
SMEG IGe eosea ee heeeaaseodllssced See eeocrllbandelGacbeece| lich sea 9G) eae ee Sey eile ssocos
(LIU GES S528 See eps cose aHl Gaeoe 730!) eculle terse
PBRUS (ees as = 128), ool e ree
202 GG) Wage es Sopa Sane Se cog Se so 60 Gene BOaeteoe Sees peu 07d RS ees eee 24
TEAGTE GT ORME TT ee Oe SS een Oe Obore See bere emacs iserctes Bocnooc (sapesaee lacee 3

Snore property..--.------------.-|-----| 24,300 |.....| 22,000: |.....| 20,000))......- 4050 he oas2 66, 100
iol GETCLASS eae 22500) e225: CHUA O UN Res ee Sal Aare los see 25, 000
4 POG oer conc em eccca selec [LOO S10 (acct!) ot, LO0ule =. - 64/827 22 =~ 26;.608)|222.< 104, 457
1890. ear Tis aera AS, vrs
Tice SS RG As SoBe aco see Sees 164 | 22,970 | 30 887 | 142 | 2,940 105 | 18,573 | 58 4, 025
Apparatus—shore fisheries:
RSME Nee ets a= Soca t clon ce ania |aiatain=| stomatal oe 3 800 | 15] 4,500 4 400 7 550
Snill TGC eSe op ses Steere 72 | 15,960 | 30 918 | 115 | 6,325 113 5, 020 | 126 2, 245
HP eNOUS' "cs .)s nfs. eee escces BOS 34 BO0F roa eas 2 pase esas 23 | 2,250 | 245 6, 125
MPMI MOUS 2 ons s a5. cu eles 24 CR eee RSP comcos| bon te|scogae 26|econ560)/boocecedioecsSIseecksec
UP TAGLINE GS) So epeeece coesbe]loobod Sedsb=Sellesosq Se Sercod beeArlbodcocpd||Sooeseclaeooos5c 12 180
“LON TRIG US eR SABRE aan Gesae ol eens) QenSaeea| poppe) |seonceet 18 ADT eee ictal elcvaletrctes | creel Stereos
LTH GE SRS See e eee pene eee BO8s | Fj s4| poate = rote BOG etre) TABS |e seusl es Sale
Sea oe aes ee call cscs cminie Selallcre ata] siemiemerael = cite! ome sar 105 P35" | SS l/s
“USS ET Rng VER EAS Seated! Oaoua goctene Go| boca SoSoeeco lace 1p EES OBE loaroaced eater 22
LTO G77 TUT Goarige 38 anos Soquel Joss sacs pbcns|esoune ed |sa5e5)(SeGecacoanenane||toserecd| baoec 3
BOLO PLOPCLby- = 25.25 2neenss |e ne 24, 365 |..... 22, 0009] Sen) 0,000) | oer AID) 3 3eee 66, 000
SG OTe eee ee tore 60,000 |..-.. OOO Se DOOOS [Emer aete a eees ees eee 25, 000
PROLA rsaeee emia wcee cet cams fears nL VY i 41, 605 |..... Pa jotenledasnae Ato |e ae 104, 150
1891. eR La oN Mos DE litten lt hoe rT DCSE Oe Eee
BREBNENSMES HIN fase ease cia fannie ord Sasi sclariga [paw ocncin| Secs] —ctetnecie 1 BOOM ASHE Best oe =:
JDP Sete occechesooteescee|-eaco/ fees coq Sececoce ec oeslnS-aalacotecde TAS AMS Petes oe | eae jooeenoSs
DOPE BERS tat Se arate ae ae ahs | erat alo aici sc [mratcieins| ence soa ae lsilenat| eiersans 2 s]ioeeerwcls 400 222] sce ases
BRGRA = oa 5 osc oeece css nceses 160 | 22,943 | 30 885 | 141 | 2,920 115 | 19,360 | 58 4,010
Apparatus—vessel fisheries:
MMOS Pah ae ease ean e dan aslo s scie|sinajee ciel sis,cei| ie acee oe |ae's vc[eicwece as clleceie cal Bese larsscecr
Apparatus—shore fisheries:

Seines .....- beebesdueeesndce 400 7 550
LL Sr ee 3 5,450 | 126 2, 245
“SS DNESST US AS | 2,700 | 252 6, 300
BRO NOUS 5-5. -cseees-sb soso. Sees leenoates| eee sete eaceeta celts ataeileeemaes
SeEPTEAE TION UIUC UA ee aioe ats ata sisson sial| ei ctmetot a oe lat atoll Soin ee ami etaps aeillsimieletelate|lnimienya erat 12 180
IMO DIDOUS 2-1 oe coe oe ccsel cc elle ade somecees a cepchsmcce nicl AS. - (ADE SS Ue oct ee Se eee
BREEN Se seca ss setae coca seus 5 a8 SU0U S533. eee
JS OS casanee ptot oeeeeeeperoae | DBE eros Sbosacee
PIOBIANC TAK GS Jo. nee css oceaaricttelscese des tamaulatycwere|ecess|i | Alon scleeeabeoe|te se 22
Minor apparatus BREEN CSC eel Geet Ree eb roc ets) Caneen id IGaeeine 6 erica CRcee 3

Shore property ....-..--.- Jee 5p 67a! seen 66, 075

LSU Gn a es eee 10, 000 |..... 25, 000

PROGR sees acc tela jawed ‘ 45, 580 |..... 104, 385

1892. eRGATS GF Sani ike he

BERRAPISEANIIN Os). 2 eo icaaseas Cleese tl asacsece| sinc sa|eaccacesaass|séccciesie 3), 0%: O00: (ar alige 3 S4o8

TI DO ssegae dec¢tsserassepilleao dclitecebesal + see |eereaoe =|ier cela aterse (7 Ay) = oes 56 2 | beeemsne

Pertore fanaa cise so asian vial ara sinsllos slamiersel eae melnoceeelse laces elamcniie os [mess ws ATL Bese ccs tees

_ OL te a eee 164 | 22,910 | 30 885 | 144 | 3,520 121 | 20, 341 58 4, 080
Apparatus— vessel fisheries:

BME 3.0 3 ci0%c/ais 62 ciate tecice Sais Beh ee| Wehbe se boeve bones | abt leseeceed Eoebece GO aerate | eae eta
Apparatus—shore fisheries:

BPANIES Sees Se cae sade cis:vieatle 4 400 7 550
Gill nets... 140 | 5,950 | 125 2, 226
LSS DCT eee eee 28} 2,625 | 250 6, 250
BCG UN eens oct ME osc aakal|| dl ABO |b eiea lcincision|mmccsilcaanice onloeetor cleo eene| sstoctmeneceer
PREAEUG MObS reo) aeiaeeae | aa na lseme oes saeeisom eine S| SQRaG Bes noae a) Bemobne| sameroad 12 180
PARODINEUS s See ae ce Mec cass ele scccls tess eeoeseeslearatecce 18 ABV Sadocea|ee eee cals Seas awe tre
LUNGS SS es eee, ee lasaes STOR earalenes ess sta ce SOU Essacae S608 Saas saan een
STRESS nce nas Farka Seats Maan loaea cea leunsalsendacmnleecealseaacen'. 105 ASE) eee eae
Es ANG TAKESt 2 -)=5 os an Sel séa<||-Semasee aeaes|acsacese|aads < 1 (a Kee ee eae enol eee 25
POET ADP ARTAUUSS< nas sae |nean [sea aaceleoacalacaacs te lowscalseccccce |asworad| owes. [eeeze 3

Sitorenproperty :..-..\-25--00ss0|-s2 0 24,380 |...-- 22, 000 |....- 5x00) Peeeens 5,690 |..-.. 66, 000
BMC ADIGAL Sos -.c:0 5 Sonadacdeae [as ees 20, 000 |....- 8,000 |....- 5, 000 |....... 5, 0U0 |..-.- 25, 000
ROH ae ete os lo 2S aia.n cae otc s = 88, 675 |....- 32, 635 |.--.- ZEAOT: |Saimawis = AD) QBN eres < 104, 314

156

Apparatus and capital employed in the fisheries of California, etc.—Continued,

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

so
: San Luis
Monterey. Orange. |Sacramento.! San Diego. Obispo
Items.
| No. | Value. |} No.) Value. No. | Value.| No. | Value. | No. | Value.
1889. | |

Vessels fishing.-....---..-..-.|-----|--------|--=-~-|-==---=- jrceccfeeeer eee 11 | $5,900 |. ----|.- Seem
PRONN AS Oss see eee eee ae eee ee ee eee eee een IP TRI Spee sclessossasce-
O)iint Pease noresaaesnes seeesian| Shook ne soses | Fosd| se aass SsSotaslbsosse cel eactowe 4,425 "|. 2..--|.-- <a

BORER enone preee ee eee tere | 86 | $5,940 4 | $90 | 23 $375 88 | 15,916 | 14] $1,925

Apparatus—vessel fisheries: | |
IDNs - Ses cseosdeesasase Sek Sse [sqoanena|(Saod aban s2\lesodeltss sabe ae Sbascoe By a eee oes cie = - -

Apparatus—shore fisheries: |
ROGksscsqSkassosoremasesose | 20] 2,500 1 150; 8 410 10°) 2,000") oo ee
Gallimets ees noe 354 | 8,090 |.--..- Werte eters | 13 975 12 | 1,200) 40 2, 000
IBSounetste ce acess sae te ee 5 200 the} TDalpociaatbeeccce 2 1, 000 2 300
My KeumeLs se oeane. cers 2 seal e len vete eo | Seco eee ioe 25 BOO SS oe el ee aol sete er er
HOOD ME tS eee eee ata te peter = ee erate erate feet ate 18 bp acral Decisis etiam y,
AMES SS eae fee eee eee poets sie ge) ae= | AQ ees | rae eetcte te | eeetee ere CAR alts one 100
POUS ot etek irc see oa se ete elles sion meee circ eee ae ec otae Panes Seseeeee 25 38 || .<,202 (oo =e
MSO W eee pee eon od BaeS lb eoAgsceleasiellncessn oc (Sessa beeseedslsees seis 20"). oo. lao
Mainorlapparavus seo. o- a2 oe-\eqsaa| ese eae oe sal sore yee aie eee ene teas tee os ae ieee 645

NHOLe SprOpeLby sans] seen e se see las Pa SS3S5 base sec4| Sens, iiss Nes seone Dy 00 prema 370

Cash*capital eec-- ccs ecse ee cose cs los eee ciee eee eee Ses 6000) 2.2 2-2 | 2c keel oo oes eee

Totals = Sees eee tS eta 20,140 |.--.- G1) | Sesoc | (95.880) |Eeaeere 37, 221 |.. 5, 340
1890.

\WGS RO ais) minis S28 Sere sass sae| ears so ssoge||Saiced a= ecsadc l= qe ajlesennccs 10°} 5,000) |<. -2) oscar
ARO ae ee eos sounse su lbobed popobceooocs|bacedo-!scecskcnossas LOS 220) elena] eel eee
QOuthitres- ci a.2 5-24 sons Tee ee be esos ated| keen Ree eee ee eee aoe ceeloeenen 3;/825 |) 322

BOSS = cease se eete tenets 87 BREE hi) 120 | 22 355 90 | 16, 275 16 1,975

Apparatus—vessel fisheries
HINES Bocce eames ee Aa ces ce seelise cies lela = meales| Sitye.c6| Se ee meee Psasesallesoseer 480 ||\....--.:\|s-e= eee

Apparatus—shore fisheries: |
SOINGS eee scteccacseeteeceee eee 25 | 2,500 1 150 8 410 10°) 2, O00). C slo aee
Gallinets Pssstis- eee ae sacete| SBE |) Me PAB Some isee 2 so 12 900 12 1,200 | 28 1,910
(Bae nets. ssessesscoes esos 5 200 1 iat |S eae eee 2} 1,000 2 300
Myke mets) j-csssescsee occ cecalas ses eeeSaea:\\ocoodbsasaae 20 SO0R Seeaeee Bape acded:|ceane = +
HOOP Nets saeco soe eee eee |anees | eft = oe ei | Ee ae ee 17 58) |eacaecx|e cies eel neues eae eee
IGT): Reese pees coceseee SeeeecicneT MEAN ees = CHy ic ceo a ieassoce bescaoce 490 |.-2- 110
ROGS ca Salsa deans baste sack one =i tee selon Eaten | Seeee ee Ree ee Seas 25 Biel Bee ealloneosc.
Hoes;and rakes.-sseskeccee sleek Sen tee | scree tae eae eee pee eee 20) (cs a eee Z
Minorapparatws 2-22) bcassea|eee-| eee eee Jnowre =| tes abebalbe ace] shee eeter lec cee 45))|2anse 400

Snore property s.5-—-eeoeeee Pere 2. 280 Eee es Leone eee fae eats ote Se 5, 1004|heaee 500

Chshicapital sess... - 35282 ace Basosocs|s5555\6-5555 2 eee 6: 000 Hone eee llc oh eis 3c bere | Cer

Totaly. ee es.: BREE eae 20, 439 |....- FEI) |saeae OF 796; |faseeee 36, 073 |..... 5, 195
1891. |

Wessels fishing S22 6 o5.c02- Steele de wl be nee oeclene oe Se eee Beers Seren ew 600%). 3. 324 eer
PRONMNAL OS oe Aretha es aeeticis sete Oy ee etane | Sy Rr cke es cl a ee eee |), 89:10 |e sacle oe| cece ee eee
Ouitiipesee seas sual ot ereh E Se oP e Me dla aorta ges ie ek a he a 3,500. |-2 Jelec eee

AS OAUS oes pyetoe saya nee hee se 86 | 5,932 6 150 | 21 340 100 | 17,988 | 16 1, 975

Apparatus—vessel fisheries
MEMOS eee peta ce, Soe Hae Sais -ratet) |istel sol = iss caches [DE Te | ena wegen [yen eater en ane 430) 2< ia cleneee ee

Apparatus—shore fisheries : |
EIMOS =e wanna eo mec cores 20,)° 2,000 | 92 300 8 400 Gy aU OE eee choco -
Gallimets So.5 e527 222 Poel 353 BS O7O eae ae eee 10 750 10 1, 000 38 1,910
IBA DM OTS on sy ee kena tes 5 200 2 150! jee noe eee eee | 3 | 1,500 2 300
MV O MOUS ae cats Ge te ee eevee mores [ere sce se nese Slee 25 500 | scec oe ae eee Se Reese Gases
EVOopi metste Cages cee ee ee eee ae [Be cee eens: jee} 56 | osc5 Soc |osnsecee| seems ee aes
WINES WIN Se pesccences coe a el saee 1360p ease (10) cae dl oeeesae seca 03800) eee 126
PRO US aE Se ents oe ohh oe oe ered lees = [ek Ths kee A] eS eee gL 25 38 22s) oe ee
Hoes and rales" ashe Poke wine eon ee nem [esas oll bere Se le. heal | ene Ns | ee 22 |. 15k eae
Minor apparatus..--.-2--.02-\.-22- Bosboee- jesceelrers| Sea ces er Seg etcteyel ees etre arta oem GOS oes 400

SHOLEPLOPCLLY: c=. 222-25 aseen|aenee | 2yeSWMee 5.4). 25858 0-|2Scce 15550), sesseee a R00N eee 700

Cashicapital sae £20 oS See [eect alleen ciel Serpents 6, 000..| ..2.25:.-|S 5302528 | Fee eee

Mo tales sesscs ce to ee oon lee ae SONGS Seeee 675 |....- 9,598 |-c-c2e- 36, 574 |....- 5, 411
1892. 3 i

Wesseledishing frs- sane coe eae Aaenc sesececeles see peace hee eel ee eee 10) |]; <53150)|)20222| Sesser
INOUE Se sce eaSscorsbabe5IO—4| SSeod lssaosera Se=sellonsseticdlsaesdliscossese 95.91)... --2 | soeeulSeeeeeee
CODER 5 St ee aes ie gee Or | Nae EE rn mem | ae ra Ol Neh eaety an a ad eG 3::900) |, oaee|Gaeeeeee

ISO ET RS S.5 SF GGSCa er Ee eee = 84 | 5,800 6 150+} 21 340 77 | 13,844 | 16 1, 975

Apparatus—vessel fisheries:

ISIN GS miamteteiaeeieey eee See oe aes Sree Ge neem eeice Eee eae ee aes | ee eee eee 480 || = sel aeteeeee

Apparatus—shore fisheries:

PIMOS eee es elis cise esac 25 | 2,500 2 300 8 400 3 600) |:4 Secliseeeeeee
Gul 6tS an sne an see eee eee SiO he SECU lesasalbeedonae 10 750 6 600 | 40 2, 000
ISAO MOTs oeeee = bn Sac see 5) 200 2 UGW) | sesd|-ase ones 4] 2,000 2 300
TONG) StVe) CRO eS See eal Secied ssseiieca saeee saeastec 25 Bin Beseees| Baepardalsseccliocc-sac-
FVOOPINCUS) ssc scone eee Se sie ae ee eee eee emacs: 20 60) |os.2--<4}s.. cee ae| Bee eee eee
Wines Wee ae ee cone 3 hm aan nn See IST i | seec nN Seal ESsaecelecoeee 580i eeece 140
LEO SDSS SE oe) See eee Peterered Steele ee) ae hel eer S cy aes | SO eae 25 38 ic eerste c= feree Sree
Hipesiand Takes)-. = 55---Scelke ce sless eee eer Pee eee ore 5 cee a are 22. Aeon oas see
MEN ODD DAL AbUS i =j5m 212, <maeal ewe | oe seen ale eeee hancece oalee eee Bemtaaee leereses 15) Weer 400

Sbhorewropertyse. <2. - =~. 225- 2-8 | secre PUN steal Saseeete dw aeoe ISSN lee Seen 5700s eee 800

AU ASR TA arose 3 ses ose late ke A eee sll tee tel eee ees nell eee 6000 |\osecas)se- cena eco | Se see

Lo balvonecs ceesectasaccee soto PAHS} ye ES G75 |teeee | 7956008 |E2eeeee CeO SON Sees 5, 615

_
? Xe .
”

% PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 157

Apparatus and capital employed in the fisheries of California, etc.-—Continued.

San Mateo. Santa Barbara.) Santa Cruz. Shasta. Solano.
Items
No. | Value. | No. | Value.| No. | Value. | No. | Value.| No. | Value.
— |
1889.
TS Ses dees 48 | $2,415 22 | $2,775 | 43 | $5,040] 3 $60 | 259 | $33, 765
Apparatus—shore fisheries :
SOINES ......----------------- 3 600 1 75 3 300
LL TGUS Ae eeepedécgedor eacee 690
Oy COUN See peepee peSaEeeore
Trammel nets
Gig ees Gone eeoeeeaoee
BR ee sierantat= es =< <1
Minor apparatus - --
Shore property
Mesh) Capital ......-.--------+---
TRO haa oeeSee omgesricdoes
1890.

Vessels transporting -----.---- Ieextatets| S acess Goat 7 ACLU PS atcl Pace eallebeaal + eee med aes celtic cis
Tonnage .-----..------ snnaminie|| =e n'nia| oom emia Tyne Valo sees ac |e al aegsocead Na codPecsmeea| perce Keoaccee
RR Arete ee eate ernie aad 8 wae tata ie elm all eran chelate ee are re BUM cases bbs 4) etal Besoemte ars Bel Reg tes

BON anaie = = paceianinsc on = = 47 | 2,400 23 | 2,880! 48] 4,900 3 60 | 259 | 33,765

Apparatus—shore fisheries:

ES) Ge Seo A aco s ARS Onper aoe aced Ee rasoe 3 600 1 75 3 SOs Eee semeecies
OTUs Ss ee eeboe coh paal Seeds Barneoee 19) |) 159008 TOD" | Oday | Sees si seco sac 186 | 36,090
7 DE) ace opaeogesseepeesecs SO ron AO sere al mere neteen Se lee WO Ze Ess jaree aca leer alae crs
BREATHE UNNGUS {Eee tesla ee cece eas Sasascee| canes aeloceckutes 17 NAN eM Oa I ee ee ee lle ae
ORE aot g ed bt4ed se bp Setecs) SRees aaa aes WISER ON) eee MOY | 25223 /Le seen Rees | 2,140
UTS) s copthengeeicorcassebectded| Keneslleecouger 66 Oy Beet oSnescal hes Seabee Geer a raracse
Minor apparatus--------2.---)2...-|-<------|s.5---< BO Seiael scho Sead) sees bocbee pol loocoL|oseacce-
MONE PLOPCrLy s--------=----=-|5--- CLI XUM oecrerere LG yal ese Cito Saeee 50) |Beeee 20, 000
Soh Gppufie Be SSS ee See 6 Ee A ee ee ee tar ere eo e4 Bese acememe Sco 15, 000
Tayi ON ea Ce ee mg 19;440) |. 8... Gis eS ONSio, i 410) | eee 106, 995

med —=| =

1891. |

Vessels transporting --.....-..}....-|---...-- Als |S e 2O0H Emer aleetyce aeclies aoa) = rtaicls aen| ee See tetas
_ UE GS EBS aepeee peecer cod oben Sas cecer 10 CRE Boe acllOcia cel oceciinad Heese poccaena |smSelaagesoae
UNRU sé Soc ic BO n pes BaD pee etal Sees lie ere beneree PUM al Gc eeeeete dae MAAR nOd ed anclor dos

SENN s aC n= aaae lo Saas 48 | 2,440 25 | 3,150) 54] 4,590 4 75 | 262 | 34, 250

Apparatus—shore fisheries
HONS) cee eee ee Sor aeene od ABBE Leecietass 3 600 1 75 4 400? ae Sue Sees
LL RS Sp soreesaobcbicosocerd AAsedicancenee 20 1,000 | 104 alae P4018 |S ere| e ee a eroe 192 | 37,050
2 TR eee eeeooseas Jebel oO! fee gaG0! | |aieca Hegre Cyd BBP an Sees Boehciccd mamachbocdnees
Smee eNets jms = </='</-!= 5-1/0 |'-15 = isa = Eade WRaenke oe TD}, 19425 aos ss) sseascd|sei ce eee
MRPH ERS eee e os se oki caeis select cows ct ieaostss G8) 2288 3 207! eosealeus See ee 2, 200
CUD: Seca bs pes eobb see peee eae bueeelldnenc sec 70 IG Sos eatetees eno bac aabel kth lace an Pe
MEO DAT AGES fore oa) s eran oes acl nce lam =| aelncera = BUN Se ciel imine ree | eames Ja Scie aloe pee ee ee

Miore property .-----.-..--.-==|~.--- Te 900 sees se 480 |.--.- S687 |Pos-2 50; eee 50, 000

SD GE Re epeespe ssc Seese Peace Ge Set Ger eee at | SS accllbeoorec4 acess ocoebeoe Seoee 8, 000
TUTTE ooncct GSES Se SBOE Ses pete LS AGOOh | 72 =s2 NO443) 225% TOTO} | 52252 520s eee 131, 500
1892.

Vessels transporting.........-|---..|-----.-- ZBI (ees) eee SARC Orbe | SSncr ees oocad pEceLens
| HIF REEE GOCE EE des Sap Sanerter Sepoe anperece TO ee ee ee ota Bee eee oe ralicasceane| bee cclateosm ac
ninilifol poops Spobcece DoE Uod Spoee eee area BUA AS ellSSe ees eA eoone atonetisc| ordoliaeccoSas

LUG ena eae 50 | 2,500 25 | 3,150] 53] 4,465 4 70 | 263 | 34,425
_ Apparatus—shore fisheries:
“LOG? Sa ee ee ae a ares are ic 3 600 1 75 4 400 lS aeee eee cee
_ oN Gh 2 eee Seen aeee Reel bere slleogae see SOR rl COOH MCO eel S0DN re eee eee i= | 192 | 37, 050
EEEMNGLS see oa aoe o-oo = BOD! | On OhO fetal tes |statm =e )= = Sa Le SOOM eccterce| = tetera obcelkt fase
Trammel nets ...------- Sngise| ees oel Sarcicinca|ocecicec||ostocciad Ob Gt ete) atest =e fetorese aipereersiere
eres Se eee inte aise aie mee = =) => (= erate aml araretoteter ON lee DO! | arecia sa 2 0-0 eaee 2, 376
LOTS paren RECS ere Sectsers Gearc Saeaencn 73 Wie eel epee cSdltcooe Saoeecies lescos |seocooos
PME CES DDRERUNS occ oe olen as | <= meee 3 BU eSead Bmoosed coead Gaceroed (Shen beoctece
More property ----..--....----|----- $/000) jeaseer- FU eS eie 950) |E=5-- eres 50, 000
ooh GROUSE eee Se esee RS BEE cor Sa ncscel CESOEe66) lasmce eee ceed Henney mmr. loner 8, 000
Ml otiogacsdgaasepessend score 185 8755|seesse 10, 335 |.--.- ORIG es oe 520 |.<..- 181, 851

158

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Apparatus and capital employed in the fisheries of California, etc.—Continued.

San Francisco. Sonoma. Tehama. Ventura. Total,
Items.

No. Value. | No. |Value.| No. | Value.| No. | Value. No. Value
1889. |

Vessels fishing...--. 36: $598 20008). Soe e tet ele eteeail cicisela ioe cneioe eee 47 | $603,900
tonnage! =--a-.-- 8 270305 al ccc aches eeerele Sees bieraeiele fee cee ales celakee cee 8; 398. 26)... 2 see
(Oh fiies a eee Naseem D266 357. | eee |e ete Ae BEC | RC EE ae 21 eS eae 269, 782

Vessels transporting ZAM) |soaeelocacoodilecse ss [sosdoocc|aosigelesoaso = 25, 000
Monnagyens sees 338.49. cs2sSyeolscees | eee cal teseae teecoae es Saece | poeeene 338.:49 jin noun oa
Omit pheS Sake es eadliesscadee as VG00U easel Sesto eel walnes eee si estes eee teem eens 1, 600

Oats eee e eee 239 60, 650 8 | $500 10 $180 4 | $700 1,351 179, 336

Apparatus—vessel

fisheries:
Paranzella nets. .-- 5 950)! Somelasemcee loot es eceee cea bees eemenee 5 950
AMES wee ater eeiete| = aieieinemiciers 288 ho sco jel oecicte ame myeiell aici eis a.cll ielaiats | (Se eaee ee oeeaeeee 798
Other apparatus -.|.-.......- 3; 250 see clpanceceleceeealecweceres WcaceSteseed| scene ocnee 3, 250

A pparatus—shore

fisheries:
Seines!aeeute acne 90 7, 200 2 150 LST On QR |e eeteliecsceee 187 21, 520
Gillinets2o-24----- 1,170 27, 000 6 UU else he aie eel Met lsosccere 2, 273 110, 865
Bag nets.-.----.... 435 ES C0 oes ees Sorel oes eocieeoee 2 150 1, 249 37, 805
1h eG) Be oeepess eerooeemes| lececoeecd soe |;95qsed so5se5||Scercsollsonee|aceose 49 980
Trammel nets... -. 315 Oe based saedaac sees cole oaeeclloneelleocdds = 407 6, 980
Hoop nets 5 100
HANGS See ees Aes = 11, 138
ROMS eee ae cicsc.< = 256
PROWO'R eee ce icctejecle 500
Hoes and rakes....|---..----- AP Ls eS ee Ieee eet een ose ee Same ses 181
Minor apparatus. -|---------- LTO: cee Se see aber othe acl a ss a] otis clo |sseemiecteer 2, 703
Shore property .-.-.--.|---------- 281 800) (Sera pee sere ees OO Beccdllicoaescllscsosdacne 459, 806
Cashicapitals-o- ents |se= aera 1685'000! Reape oS. /2 alleen) ieee ses | cee tele eter jBos-ecesse 344, 500
RO Gal hs c1<5- [ac ecias 1471680" |-ee-- L290 | eee AKA esos 8605) 5- seen ee 2, 081, 950

1890.

Vessels fishing..-... AG") 680; 300" sc caliente tal sme lse cereal tetas lence 56 685, 300
Tonnage.......--- CRE Reta Bepaneapao |e bendl loose sdaleeecselhSococadlaeccalacaonac 9)'90 82157) ll Serie tere
Onbhtre ccc eeccte-|scccemesee B22, 482 || eemalessemio-|ce cee eseeetecle cone eetecea eeeeeer --| 326, 307

Vessels transporting 6 25, 000: espe. so eee Mee sensi ictal eete ee) Siac ene 7 30, 000
Monnares= = onic - BBO AD | so 5.a.n's/o/o'e ol sbisiee| seem ae mone lee ceemies [amen eeeen oe 353.23 .|--eeeceee
OmtiiG ese ae ecm s+ enemas 2; 800) 2 d:2.s% |b oe Siete ms ans Balle stele doe Beil ioieteielell ee ereisiorel lo memiemieerane 2, 600

IBORUS eco eee sees eimne 243 60, 960 8 540 10 180 4 700 1, 364 180, 500

Apparatus—vessel

fisheries:

Paranzella nets...) 5 950

TUT) aes coe eens Rema 862

Other apparatus ..|...-.-..-. 5,200. [eis setersars| tomes ae eee e el Sere |e cestent | meeemecetee 5, 250
A pparatus—shore

fisheries :

Seines See 2 a8 she) 92 7, 360 2

Gullmets222 2-2 --: =~, 123 24, 920 6

Bag nets...--...-.. 443 13, 625 |.....

HY IKGM CUS of teen all = miniepe iat sfsl pei seieiette ial eee

Trammel nets---.- 300 4 ODOM Ese

Hoop nets...----. se | Peteefeimeniarsitatela lee sisters bates

MUINGS | Jac/sS= eee <rto| SS esd reietayals 6;(679) [eee

IROUS sia tical s eis ce wall ei Hee atetere Sieioia een eats | all ene eee TLS epee

Mongs S-e2sa Sees e 50 BV WsSoss|essossais eee

Hoes and rakes-..|.2-------- 125 se eats | ee es | sete

Minor apparatus..|.....-.--- USGPIDN eal lsaesbce| loons =
Shore property.-.---.|---------- 3382, S00U Pe emen| sees aesceee
Cashicapital -~ 2s: ..|---).---. 3. 753000) Paar lene eineeee

Mota =~ ses ss: |losaciee sect 1, 665, 203 |..---- Dida | setscce 1) 8e08|Sae5- S60 ncmapectioeins 2, 215,155

San Francisco.

Items.
No.
1891.
Vessels fishing -.--. 55
MonuNare |... -.. 9, 942, 46
TIT BS SSB ee peeeS) POeererere

Apparatus—vessel
fisheries:
Paranzella nets. - -
Lines
Other apparatus -.
Apparatus—shore
fisheries:
Seines
Gill nets
Ba
Fyke nets........-
Trammel nets
Hoop nets
LL ee

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 159
Apparatus and capital employed in the fisheries of California, etc.—Continued.
! Sonoma. Tehama. Ventura. Total.

Value. | No. |Value.| No. | Value. | No. |Value. No. Value.
sor OU A Se einn| tec sae 2 |Wielse wa | ataa'araarsall eer ee Serer. 65 | $744, 600
MIE 3 ot AONOAS SO 7e | Sosa
Ga) LES RLS VS eed (en Came IE a bed | (TAY PY Se 335, 419
36, 000 40, 300
waned aetates 536) Lene
Bs TT) Leese p ee le cee ieee | ee EAT Peale ce 3, 540
61, 650 1,397 | 184,123
Seen ae eases ot sdltete tavhey cok cache 15 2, 850
CE | Ic estore es Bed Ses Pal eel BN Ad ee Rae a 899
CNR ise yee [ER |e eee ee ea PECL | 9, 250

Hoes and rakes...
Minor apparatus. .

Shore property. ----- k
Cash capital ........ 172, 000 248, 000
Miotaleneue:2- leet ken 1,773,089 |..... 1/350) 5--05 oba-2 Gy ee 1 eee ee 2, 302, 446
1892.

Vessels fishing. ..... 834, 500 846, 650
PEOHMA ZO... = = Me S926 Goll mretsete (ase tees |e aticiecl setae ect eee cert |aaee cet LLNS 207i ta. mene
UT ee eee 386, 600 391, 500

Vessels transporting 6 39, 500 43, 800
PEOMNAGOC..- 2... SOL restates stele or ain elses mem eetand| sate oe netree a Ode Ol eee eee ie
LOO ae es eS 2, 200 2, 500

BBSER Po. J. iuis a2 252 63, 600 183, 520

Apparatus—vessel

fisheries:

Paranzella nets. - - 20 3, 800
BEENOS soe coe acess 1 400
LL eS es (eee 1, 124
Other apparatus..|------... 10, 450

Apparatus—s hore

fisheries:
BIBS eects 102 8, 160 2 150 Ae 400M ee sal oon nee 192 20, 585
Prllinets:: 2. 6... 1, 298 30, 070 6 Lt DU cbse ioeesete al ele ore mei 2, 506 118, 121
Baonets......-.-. 454 D4 OBOM choca tebe ms Moc cclaecc ce -c 2 150 1, 279 40, 160
RRS BLS Ewin cie | eraatcla eeicinall lew nlele lala) aa lintntatea ole wie aie ell a baie ame eel aee clean hace 49 980
Trammel nets .... 357 kt UM RAS Al BS a a ee sea eed eee eg 440 7, 426
BaP UNE ee a8 |iee cn eel eee wo ance ca locce sete skeet ata sola Meow eleonemes 38 105
BRIMON 0) \sie = ie = (5 ||acinis's ese 8,294}. ==. 1) eel ier Se cpa GR eauede 14, 830
Eee eet ta cessrae (tera isias Balinese ces lea etal cee ee oleae nse come le dmealiace carne 203 283
PRGTOS) <8. sia 50 B00? fetta ee Se eles beter Saree ctieedee ae 50 500
Hoes’ and rakes..|-.-.-.---- 1 SS a eee Rae ce eee gee eres) eee ee ied) ae eR 189
Minor apparatus..|.......--. DE eon tact toate lame ore clan oe mee merece chars |e aren eteneres 2,503
Shore property .....|.-----.--- 4030008 | ts Saset elses 262 DHONI Saat Retace 2 |Cmee aes 596, 320
Cash capital........|.......... LESS OOOM 5 2 Rare Ma eke ian | Dee eee ee St ae | eee 246, 000
PROM cocaine lesect ucts A 982, 358 |..... da 1 845) Roche ital ererisecc- 2, 526, 746
>

160

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Table showing by counties and species the yield of the fisheries of California in 1889.

Contra Costa.

Del Norte. Humboldt. Los Angeles. ~
Species. =

Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
Barracuda, fresh.......----|----------|--------|------+---|--------/----------|-------- 88,891 | $3, 454
Carp, Thiet | IS 5 a RRAE GOCrETE 11, 914 $857) |< Sele de8 a nseerl|Peeeeic.n ell ee oo oe ete = eee eee
Cultus-cod, fresh.......----|----------|----=---|------4---|----7--- 21, 040 $730" eco co = eel tee eee
Flounders, fresh...-------- 256516929) 932,850) || Semen |= seem 132,440 | 3,139 | 177,822 1,102
erring freshisc. 2 --s--2 = APA E ee rtetetes: Ne oon salle saee Se 10, 000 200 61, 000 2, 440
WIR OD iat) = 55 ree eee Soeccescns||soSeeasososccescstascoascd|pecnsant Sallerosaces 117, 423 4, 697
Perch: tres hike awen essere ols | lin oc eratstel mel orm rete ae eet Fer epee eee 20, 150 504 17, 200 688
Roclcish tres hsaesso snoneas| Soaeee = see kee ee Ce eee ee | See eeee 26, 115 755 45, 954 1, 838
Salmon, chinook, fresh. --.- 3, 195, 747 127,830) QUST STO" WSENOTS) | cere stare |= leceeitersie | ielemisloe (= = ere
Salmon. silver, reste. =| eae eee eee TB9S205 5) VS o4 3176) DLO | oi 2soullne ses eee at
Salmon, silver; ‘salted. >. 2</\s-eeeeteee|ocese seal eee eee ema 435, GOO | 0s Soa eee clea pase
Salmon, steelhead, fresh. -.--|...-..----|-------- 48, 750 T2881.) 392) V7 SON (She. cae | ee
Sardines: Hroshe ese). chee: cre ate erekar= aie tre [eee rereetoce | ee re eaceel ae ealeterel aerate ete cere tote 18, 397 669
SERVIER ie bi2s) Necross Ae Seceeba ses Borda cea boadebeSeclinocne cnallssdocceesdlleedossuc 11, 109 444
Shadhtresh= acess eras 2] hee 96, 7225 Bo R6ON |S eect oel ees lsee 300 300). coees. cone cee
Smelt ines hiaseeceeen eee ae 130, 012 2 OO) Vem weitere cee eae ee 29, 500 738 145, 301 5, 812
Striped bass, fresh..--..--. 13, 776 B; 448 |)\- oeistateia,e 2 alae cle erorstel ts she ae eaters foe sie © ciate eae eee
Sturgeon, fresh -...........

Yellow-tail, fresh .....-----

Other fish, fresh and salted -

Abalone meats and shells- -|

@lamsshardss--s-ss-se ose.

(Clamses0tb: s-<--2+ scene

@raibseeescescece -on-eaneece

Shrimp and prawn.....--.-

Spinylobster =... =~ ==

Hair-seal and sea-lion pelts.|.....-.-.-.|-------- Baeeseetas Saoseec cleeecasaess beaseses DHeSe nS 580

Sealoueee teens) seme Al eeecatbenlaeeene ee [oie Role seta rallies ees | eer, tte Beran 7, 200 288
MO ta eo = iais /aesis eee 5, 373, 277 |199,810 | 456, 830 | 10, 349 |2.384, 781 | 74,693 | 910,531 | 34,985

Marin. Monterey. Orange. Sacramento.
Species.

Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
barracuda. fresh. 222 ....5,225|-eose = sees aeeeeeee 28,056 | $1, 680 2, 000 S800 eect pfeil eters ees
Ga petres ies doe beh eee ae | eee eee | ees ateneee| Eeienerateta Ee le on || Bry ae | pe ea 39,300 | $1,377
Flounders, fresh........-.-- 407, 653 | $7, 840 278, 490 5, 565 5, 481 IPB eSeeceonaclieacce - ar
Hlounders; salted. =... cee |leeeeeere ee secre GT SS0 4) 22 TD | cine mae eine earera| estes | eee
Herrin fresh: =... secs Bos 442s | ET OBO lees acteeecel | aero 4, 645 170) |nccoosteaeleceeeee
Mackerel viresh=22,:. i. anc | seeme ce -ee | eeeees 75,040 | 3, 753 3, 000 30) |S eee eee pec genes
enrol nres hie o.00-cesr ecec 89. O97 8600) hase epee ser ee 2, 320 92 4, 282 255
Rogktishsiresh ees c. - 2 se||poeeen ce sl meee mene 1,112,753 | 22, 267 6, 000 QAON| <2 sce 3| See
RoOcKASHRAlTEd =~ nos sei lnc © or ell Sen 505750.) Rao s0 geome sees Wie. c nhs ose ape ape yee | a ae
Salmon, chinook, fresh..--. 25,000 | 1,000 10, 098 | G06" Pancake Jonosesas 151,540 | 10, 607
BALGINes fresh tess ey ose cee oe aes ee ee ee eee sees See 2, 000 80s: cs sncleasleteeeees
peawass; fresh: ..----.-=- =. 33142 Sl S20R beeen sae Gee 3, 000 dA tal Pare pe esl IHS =
Shadistresheascerse sc scce cca voce none hoa Senn eres css ae sto aa Semen ae eee Bese | 18,224 793
Smieltttesheeeeencs2 ssa 269,150 | 6,340 | 83,258| 3,330] 17,805 710\|2-20, 2 eaelaceeeme
Sturgeon, fresh....-..-.--- 30; 240. Oat, 2002 2eoe cmc os| cee seems lsecehoreee nee eee 4, 886 293
Mellow atallesiresh sc .cce sacle cneciscenlSeeatorslsccoee tess Sones se 5, 000 200) | s\eerndecelleooesee
Other fish, fresh andsalted.| 248,687 | 3,572 19, 281) 690 2, 000 80 | 200, 72! 4, 821
Abalone meats and shells..|.....-.--.|.--..--. 3, 850 fBeltctace oko eee ooeee Saeeeee Pe ees
Octopusangd squid: ee oec|seeee eset noon cee A68;000 | (8754404) oa cte ects lacie cae eles sieeeislaee | Cees
Clams shard-ss2--co see oee 32, 060 690i Seccscene||tae ose acl San ctech elaleeek eee See eee ae =a
Wlamsisofts-2->-oa—-akecase 11, 100 LOO Woes cecccateleewis oe tall ecieaie avctonrelltajotetser= Se | Cheeta renee | see
Shrimp and prawn.. 1,225,628 | 155,693" | 22-2555 No oS. ee bedicceeino lee siete teeeeeeeet| Eee
Terrapin and frogs. - LT 2506 935000 Wit cae Seccl screw ae ol sommen cece aeetecee | Seon aeeBemle =
Niles Sa a a eee behaved Alf a 5, 800 989 oad So cece Ghee wack pen ence nae

MOt al ccm sot cise eyes 2,721,349 | 91,444 | 2,183,255 | 79, 581 53, 251 2,087 | 418,958 | 18, 146
Santa Cruz. Shasta. Solano. Sonoma.
Species. a a

Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
ibarracnda, fresh=-o-.2---=- 5 O00) ONDA 0a eas te en oe | ek S| ene
Flounders, fresh.....-....- 69, 674 $220
Mackerel, fresh....--..---- OP B45 al 68 ASB e eee Se alee eet ee SIs fe See ere apo aaa nS ee a
iRocktish) fresh: ---..-c-\=< 126, 528 135
Rockfish, salted..........- 3, 215 lc Sswle eres
Salmon, chinook, fresh....| 18, 552 1, 610
Nhadeareshes..<cs~as-cenee 20, 264 B10) ceeccasecielsaceecee 72.:206')| (2: 888). 2 he saees eceeeeee
Smelt ehrOs hq aciceccey were nr 18, 600 1 Se eee Aas Sanam acoso aces RECRe acca ine scaciescsosec
Si pPOC PASS wWeEesh jesse ac| connects mentees leeee ee eae leeeeeeer 960 240 Secs eee eee
SUR Ny 182) sen sassceee| saocosesen||ssoqsecaltGaoeccoeslsaccsua- 232.7946; 984.5. ae mee emer

otal ssecesocncsceece 266, 678 | 10,786 28, 760 720 |2, 279, 360 | 89, 048 35, 685 1, 965

_ ree

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

161

Yield of the fisheries of California in 1889—Continued.

San Diego. San Luis Obispo. San Mateo. Santa Barbara.
Species. SSS SS
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.

Barracuda, fresh.....-...-. PERO RSG Sie. 255116) |e Serna Meee eee cee eee 65,370 | $3, 250
Barracuda, salted ......---- 97,106 | 3,399 1, 000 BOa le emoserce | Seen ecies 19, 520 978
MepMILO,tresh.........-...-- 45,030 | 1, 802 1, 500 UD Alisiars shed aerate eyeimisiealera 23, 509 1,174
Benito, Balted........-.--.- LS SLO eR AOG Ile ohne cache ollicrs = siseeeelooes serene cote orate 2,615 125
Flounders, fresh......-.--- 7, 050 282 16, 360 716 | 748, 883 |$11, 403 7,775 385

Beeming, fresh -......------

Mackerel, fresh
Meee trOSn ..-----ss5---2--
Seocktish,fresh...-:--------
Rockfish, salted z
Sardines, PreRh..o.2seeee es 7, 000 ALUN CE aoe Peers, Se eames se Meret | emo ser eel taken
Sea bass, fresh.......--.--- 11, 748 470 D2 WLS S20 ees cece alleinacccmts 11, 908 595
Muse bass, salted .........--- fees Ae. se al eee asin 2,500 1.1) Beer Senter SEBe nee esas. =)
BME TOS = cca | 12,110 485 28, 060 980 | 218,910} 3,485 6, 190 310
Wellow-tail, fresh .......--. LICPARE eM Ue (| Des | Ne er | Ne et 25, 396 1, 265
YVellow-tail, salted ......... Dossla md naDorlonatcs Geen eon seek al Sememaiice BIC acer ee 5, 162 258
Other fish, fresh and salted- GBPS) PEG? eR esoomee ||" oaeceor 315,665 | 4, 564 19, 387 948
mbalone meats and shells..| 27,540] 1,087 |....-.....|.......-|.----2--2-|-------- 228, 879 5, 877
BIB UATC -- cece me A220 OOD |g) OOO) lean <ciaclam Alesapiaoe abeelsaiate terete jie ee cle tals Sores siete |e eee
RMT USAW ON Scot 2 oe Sats nn ae minmsin mis | ateie aos tea eee ee 1ds2;0a4 |) GS 1G1G6) |) os. ce acl eee mere
Samy JOpster.....-..-..--. 7 6 boy al el PIB ees eae ol AE ede Recen nea se boone eae 110, 300 3, 309
Hair-seal and sea-lion pelts-|.-..-...-- HUY eeeace eos URE) | Pearce sceee = eecetsar (sonercce se 423
7 a A RT ees I a | adh OE cae ai ARO LR Ee 3, 000
Ee by 5 SAS ee ae eee ee ee el Dee ea SOROOO RS OO nectesryerne| mers sccral| eae oe ieranel| i ae
Sia SA Pr OO ea Ce Rg! 3, 210 LOM Cote oe ee eeec ae 4, 200 224
eee se A Sere is aap a ge a eel 14, 370 575
JUS 5 pee atle Sone reas 1,316, 83 | 37,195 | 337,996 | 12, 758 |2,815, 492 | 89,068 | 554,014 23,161
San Francisco. Tehama. Ventura. Total.
Species. ; 5
Pounds. |; Value. | Pounds.| Value.) Pounds.) Value.) Pounds. | Value.

Anchovies, fresh.....--.... ADDN STON Mago aay ls seen eee chon oem cael loans 122, 510 $2, 447
iparracuda, fresh.........-. eee eee ke acitoddelsacncane| suasaac 10, 862 | $490 383, 088 16, 381
Barracuda, salted.......-- [a@armcreciec Lee mews aieral wneictece sel oeiome es obec mice ele seen © 117, 626 4,427
Beaino, tresh2. 2.2252)... Reet asbes Peer ccm ata| Sere ole feeiniorere 10, 580 405 80, 619 3, 456
BRAS ULEC Ses etine octane slenicen incisor soem osea|Lumce Morel cous onl sseeeoce he sceeds 153, 984 5, 421
(oT) HIRST eo eats 70 See eR a Rene tet Teme nea ee] Beene oRererrs | ee aa 51, 214 1, 734
Mod, salted. ...............- se REC IG y aan nel Pre eee lesa oe 1,463,424 | 36,587
Cultus-cod,fresh....--..--. 110, 004 MOOT ee aecene eect [ee cee Re At 2 2 131, 044 4, 736
Flounders, fresh..-.----.--- A 542.040)" 488000 este 5 ets ee | 25180") 87 | 3, 657, 990 87, 331
BATES SB ALCO Go -a Salle yetace celiac ee iboaat mae | cents ac claeiaoe aa wowtaied 67, 880 2715
Herring, fresh....--.--.--- 1S GHD COB MSD SBM ae. coc celeste. Foe Ya rea 2,572,811 | 66, 101
Kingfish, fresh. ....-..-..... 8, 460 ose Nese cltes aces (eae eere secmeere 8, 460 254
CESS ES Ge) ar (eae 315, 253 18, 249
TCU nS) 197, 125 353, 849 15, 908
Beockfish, fresh--.-.-.-.-.- 620, 742 2, 065, 678 63, 119
BeNSHOSALLOM .. a. 255452) sae te siae ot 42, 553 1, 866
Salmon, chinook, fresh-.--. 1, 003, 503 40,140 | 118, 145 |$2, 955 |....-.... researc 6,765,480 | 271, 092
BET DI VOL ARES US. <\5} eae osteo oc ne eda lelocitce setsle ae Seba ee 22 Baca 1, 865, 720 40, 826
RRC NAO eco oli ucla amen sels heater anaes ont wakes tapes becm mela Sader 435, 600 17, 324
mos toclbend. aresh).2/ 42.08). 00) ewe ales Oe eas ee ow ed a 440, 921 10, 506
Sardines, fresh........-..-- AOTC O00! 2A A00) mee acecimoloes obi eae malls Soe 1, 097, 397 22, 429
Sea bass, fresh........----- S20 080i 1S O00) |ceiss <== oe] bac. a 4, 760 188 452, 847 17, 957
BremRHaS, Galted. .22ij-2)-salee-2G-. 22: 2,500 125
NG 61, 072 263, 788. 10, 883
SiG ee 956, 582 1, 915, 478 57, 492
Striped bass, fresh 1, 560 | 16, 296 4,073
Sturgeon, fresh....-.. 75, 320 693, 650 21, 250
Yellow-tail, fresh...-.--... [5 eee ss Se 188, 272 7, 336
Mellow-tail, salted.......-.|........--- | 58, 243 2,116
Other fish, fresh and salted.) 574, 026 1, 717, 851 BEey WE
Abalone meats and shells. - 30, 000 310, 079 8, 089
Octopus and squid......... 16, 100 484, 100 38, 212
Bes: NATO. 250 .-- 500505 74, 900 570, 710 6 232
BEEBE SOLU. cocnweececc= se 1, 096, 800 Sein eile | (sor oneeee | Becores| baenepond Seeaeee 1, 118, 700 11, 897
OOPS a ete 12, 369, 000 | .-|12, 369,000 | 571,525
Cnn Sea 2, 100, 000 2, 100, 000 8, 750
LTS SSS aa eae ee ee 1, 944, 000 | | 2,030, 400 79, 045
Shrimp and prawn......--- 1, 858, 439 | 5, 535, 322 | 253, 617
BY MODStCL’. 2----- =. .- les -c2055-- 266, 458 7, 327
Terrapin and frogs..----.-- 30, 000 41, 250 5, 400
Hair-seal and sea-lion pelts.|.-..-.-..--. eee ema Spon ee eid Meroe cee heer eeeeel SAEnenr ere 2,198
Mir-seal pelts.............. RRR ENO CIT OE BRO eee ie ree ce 15, 219
PREMERA EES 2 2 seco cenel | canto eel) SPAROO) Peraacte sacl doce cic eat dee xe ce aalews eames 30, 700
ST ee 1, 480, 080 1, 510, 080 61, 952
Ov halebone ................ 119, 650 119, 650 | 520,478
od tongues ..-...........- 12, 600 12, 600 882
cou LE a a ee Pee eae 14, 610 619
er ee Si a) ue 20, 170 307
see. 5... = ae (31, 205, 162 1,684,561 | 118,145 | 2,955 | 49, 638 | 2, 005 (58, 505, 055 |2, 465, 317

ir ooo 11

162

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERICS.

Table showing by counties and species the yield of the fisheries of California in 1890.

Contra Costa. Del Norte. Humboldt. Los Angeles.
Species. <5
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
lie eek be ine) Neem een sce peo neocdeT | Scososcdbossnscus ymasasea be sossezaulsseaotme 142,414 | $5, 697
Warp itesiees ess eta assess dere ae Eee EE ete Se |e eel ow ten SeaSeSoalsedsseeSacilsees- -
Wiiltus-cod, tresb: 2 |-e eee $710: 2. 2252 |S epee
Flounders, fresh-....-.--.-- 285, 550 3,807 | 187,583 7, 503
Herring freshics isa 214, 129 223 48, 000 1, 920
WENO Karls adel NAR Reena S26 oso“ ocao|(Sakonangodlosedssedloscasesoccdeeasace= 160, 174 6, 407
Perch freshscn acu - sate aos Geeteaes 539 19, 990 800
fRockfhishstreshecee sac sce coats 748 57, 740 2,310
Salmon, chinook, fresh... -. (1), -423;°880) 106,955) | 345250) ($0; cots 2 eases ees| eee eae ees ae
Salmon: silver tresh= 2 sees sae erate se DOO S000! as 220 | Oa4DTln esl Od Nee sare See eee
Salmon, silvers salted’ tases Saal een otra Sener eta hare settee 167,000). (6/680) ||). 22. eee eee
Salmon; steelhead, fresh... |-22.222---|2-----2- 51, 875 WUT | (Bill, 5245) 652302. ee sees |p
Sardines tres Wien. soe teas cee eee es aie lees otto eet etatael| eenererat=(ere|| eaten eteatel| Senet 24, 765 991
Sea basshrosh see is MNase Rae eee ae Se Rae oer aer | eae | epee ee neta a eee 14, 344 574
Sea bass waltedh 205353 Sea ccc | Saeco ell tear 4) aerereeiin | cael seta chee eee 3, 781 151
Shad" freshisecens soee soos NO AUG a Sta O89 Mae ease ar 250 2D) |osieseinie ee eee
Smoelimmeshecees toe sees T48°760U) (22319 Pas oso sane 28, 160 704 | 182, 260 7, 286
Striped bass, fresh..--.---- 15,7155) 138, ae eee Seas cl ato aceine 2 Seer cee a ee eee | See
Sturzeon, fresh=. 225 -fo..- 23D Door OOO | tee ae eaesetea ead aoe OSes ooo |e eee eee | er
Yellow-tail, fresh......---- PES eeerral|e em hocnd so scaaeecd Seek aceea bemacecenalesocaace 38, 260 1, 5380
Other fish, freshand salted.) 221, 159 3458) eee oa sees oe eae anle cleaners 107, 677 4, 308
ANpalone meats and shelle 22)2 Jae. | Sac oe afgeene eos | Sosa ae ra ae ae 860
Clams yhard sss seek aaa e ae SSO Sees aan ee Ns. Sa5 tee 42, 000 900 ||222..2c2 | See
(CLEC EE MIE See eeom mete | Se Rt (iar eer ee ac) | Meters erste ener 12, 000 300 |. -22220:-4/222-eee
CRE ee ion coe See Ee ane (eee deews adn 5 Cea 0s | se eaea eae linens 90,000) 3.025 |fea).2205.| =
Shrimp and prawn..---.---- We IGM 947 | AB O89) er atarepel rete ater tateiace| ee atatere tare serene ial ie ee |
Spinyslobster!.ochcensasse:|-ceecceee= lee nea Noa cece [poe seca laaee ce mete le omeeene 107,000 | 2, 810
iHair=sealand Sealion pelts else - aes. <4 vemiaaeyn 4 staininisret desea ie —varsaicins | cierto ere ietare ere | Sete rere 225
Healkowlae eae ceces echt ve lseoecece sulloadeaten Pe eee Cee Corre 4, 800 192
otalGeewcateesk ss 3, 627, O87 |128, 784 | 647,500 | 15, 361 |1, 827, 631 | 55,145 |1, 099,648 | 42, 738
Marin. Monterey. Orange. Sacramento.
Species.
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
Barracuda iresh:scccrecnis«|-eence-e cal beams es 18, 658 | $1, 120 3, 000 $120. |-o-22.c20 54) ee
Warp treshis > Ate .f scene's | stecec dele shee enn allege ecieineneaee cme eee sara aa ee eee 45,904 | $1,608
Wultas-codMtresh: <. [ssc seawall mec eee ee | cee cies | Meeetremeel eae cece 8, 998 350: ||. eee Bes -
Flounders, fresh.....-..--- 6295303: /$12; 068: ||. 123,082) 2.462 \ht 22s 3.).25 23. el ees eee
Hloundersssalted q-<2ccems|secc sence leoeeeeas 43; 649.4 947. eee css eee Pee eee
Hemme, fresh 2o-5.-. Seo -- 368, 951 7, 654 3, 920 196 8, 445 332.\|. 5222/2802 eee
Mackerel sfresh i222. cee sahaeeoeie dc slew secrae 41,312 | 2,066 6, 000 240) 28sec oe eee
Perch, fresh ........--..--- lienG14997 Iie Ss 280M heen grea eens 5, 089 190 5, 605 338
Rockfish, fresh ........---- eee sates allemuaer en /1, 245, 678 | 24,902 | 15, 060 600-}.< 20. eed ae
Rockfish, salted .-..-+-..~- IS 5 Se Oe LS 18, 200 7-1, i ee Me ee ee eee
Salmon, chinook, fresh ---.| 22,110 880 8,770 By ifs) (Bee eer ee so = 145,540 | 10,188
DIALGINES tres Mee soe syncs [seis pe ER a eee oboe cere weectee 5, 035 200) 2teee.c es Sea
Sea bass, fresh..........--- SO SOD lal S200 eee eeie seal Bees 5, 000 Pi Geert eR
PO HACMires apse ee afate Arai ataeiess ee sieves Hct Bq ats all Gece lseye te all drercfarnisre'a ERrepe ne ee all ore arene 15, 960 958
SMele, areshp- seen. soeee ae 278, 690 6, 250 107, 184 4, 287 20, 715 828 |e ieee |e ere
Surped bass echres hy. 4 apy) cre, | Sees shave asl ese eera ld repeal | ieee ele ese ee 54 8
Sturgeon, fresh -...-....--- SS LI0 Nl. Gls 520 eee omerceclemos ce os |eeseee eric leeemerrs 3, 860 232
pVellow-tailMeres hes A ey le | ae Bese ee aie mene tee ln ellepieeee 10, 000 400: a fseisee cee
Other fish, fresh and salted_| 278,100 | 4,078 24, 496 881 2, 000 80 212, 629 5, 1238
Abalone meats and shells. -|.....-....)...----- 4, 400 QBN Pees a se lcte sew eel sae eee eee |e eee
Clams liardenas sca eee eee 30, 450 655 iinndecise Select o Mee eee kee eee
ams; SOlbeeee eos eee eee 10, 080 Kt) Bl eee | eee ene ee eee Hemera eS ee oocaes
Shrimp and prawn..-.--.-- 12290600 ||. 585643 s)i cea coe ae cc Sebo ee ee
Terrapin and frogs ---..--. 12; 563 i\p¢:3):8505| cece Jaa: |oee Seder seae cece [pe ane os | Meee eee ee
JNU E ES VE SM hE SSP ae eat Sete ie Sn, 6, 500 26022 soe Se ees 2s | ee ee
otal \-eeeess Sseese ee 3, 071, 379 | 99, 679 |1, 645, 849 | 39, 258 89, 282 | 3,540] 429,552 | 18, 455
Santa Cruz. Shasta. Solano. Sonoma.
Species.
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
—_ = | 3
Barracuda. fresh .< == --.--- 3, 731 PIS roe eawinctede cts cra Came Setane etal cl see
Flounders, fresh..-........ ATO) WoeLlO Yl sane hale ca, Ol eee 4 rb See nh rs 6, 190 $248
Mackerel, fresh.........--- 10, 495 ATG Soe Aas acts sewed Gmene mea eee eee
mockiishitresh —--— fs cice 174 '805 3) S65956 | ooia as Se OS Se ee ae eee |e
Rockish, salted ......-...- 38, 000 1 Ege icicid| ESAS eee | aaa el eee ae
Salmon, chinook, fresh. - - . - 12, 500 550 25, 825 $646 |1, 030, 580 |$41, 223
SUE The LS ee 24, 880 Yel pepe dl ere ce 57, 892 | 2,316
Din elt MeneR Me ss eraiccye erates 21, 437 860) Sea See toes aa ee
SiEiDOG ASS: siresh a Seo. moot ee ote ee eeee eases [eeemebes 1, 218 244
sourceon: Ureshi;o..5.22-- seilegecec os se eee es ete ee ema lbomencee 269,923 | 8,098
Motalhse ths cease 328, 618 | 13, 281 25, 825 646 |1, 359,613 | 51,881 32, 080 1,711

Otel &

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

163

Mall
ae
% Yield of the fisheries of California in 1890—Continued.
H San Diego. San Luis Obispo. San Mateo. Santa Barbara.
Species. l
| Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
| Barracuda, fresh.........-. 193200: | 5, 886: | 22: 708 | $920 So sze-cs ellaeeee 60,115 | $3, 000
( Barracuda, salted..-....... irate tints (iggy |e eae No. eae Ne ee mr anes ny ce | 2 ngs
Wesonito, fresh........-..--.- Weta O20) edad Ole Secs Ss cece tei! sce ee ee eee Re 52,617 | 2,618
| Bonito, salted.............. 180, 645 | 6,323 2, 200 LO} | Sev as semen eeceeees 4, 572 225
' Flounders, fresh....-...... 6, 078 243 15, 040 632 | 473,085 | $7, 195 6, 298 311
Memerring, fresh........:...- 20, 000 BOO senso ceies sce ae SHAS STAS | "5 ha | ters oneal eae
) Mackerel, fresh............ 8, 190 327 San olOr” Bo US0! pest eat antl a wane wee 3, 083 150
Mmeerch, fresh......-....-... 18, 030 GO et te ee et ER OS PRR a eA
Merockfish, fresh.......-..-. 30, 000 1, 200 To TLOGr | SV OlON|i case cee ee |-2 2828 kL eel
BEEHBD HALLER). <2 25.520 .5cl|cabccas sacle cs scnes 5, 000 Pay 114 ecetia Nanak 5 (EEN A A 4,516 226
» Sardines, fresh ..........-.- 5, 000 ZO0D easter ach ecmeenan| seraace ae |eeeoe. tess eee |
meee bass, fresh.....-..-.-.. 10, 965 440 50, 315 POO Fee sete cnet bees 8, 585 418
SEMANA ALGO csc0 - o aae ct | > nc eeinceobasencs 2, 800 LOW eee sian oinc|| em aise oealece aaere cae ae eee
memelt, fresh....-.-.-....-..| 10,086 403 25, 115 875 | 243,802 | 3, 855 4, 787 240
) Wellow-tail, fresh-........- 24, 000 Shh Poe eee oeelt eae eee eee Nee en Ce eee eet 30, 343 Phe,
| Yellow-tail, salted ......... “AL IU) 6 RRA ee Vb A eS Ont ee 5, 393 268
mother fish, freshandsalted.| 51,210 2,049 |..........|..-..--. 347,554 | 5,142] 14,730 675
frpalone meats and shells..! 55,590 | = 934. |....-.-...].-...-2./.2-2-20---|-- 22 | 114, 933 3, 942
Octopus and squid......... ZOOAOU0) 1) 20) 480) 225252555. 1k enemas. (ee tome oe Be ieee PAN etary sece
Meiams, hard.-...-.--------- SOOROOO MM 2h 000!) 6ee2 5s a2) ee ae See ee eee ee ee Week tee sen|eoeres ce
Shrimp and prawn.....--. Hee os Cea oe Sere cians MOM eee ice 1, 613, 246 | 73, 303 peesecaccdjsose sean
Bepiny lobster......-..-.--. (2405 3708/2 OOGM EEE Cee ee Rn eee en eae es lees Es aad E Se | 130,940 3, 928
Hair-seal and sea-lion pelts.!.......... B75, zeseenstee 70) yon n Seee | ei Ie Cee eta eae 527
BERRCUMDOLUS yom s since eons cone news e cal en ee Ree Reem en R Ro ee ete ecliman cen ai oy Bp RARETK 2, 000
SE PICEE ss ae oS Ne See Aree eS 38, 250 IG ZOU sect ee eat cee es elle ose COee hPa
CN SRS ees leery Pee eee 2, 190 WE Jbl SAS Sol ae ee 4, 800 256
eS Ee ae | seca He eee eae Cereal oeeceed fee] Ne aaa he Eeee 22, 845 914
Mintel thre so 2c esac 1, 517, 119 | 56,086 | 321,031 | 12,003 |3, 032,501 | 94,615 | 468, 557| 21, 230
San Francisco. Tehama. Ventura. | Total.
Species. | — ;
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds.| Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
j=
Anchovies, fresh .......--- PD AOOO MEGA HOD) | cremeteinta | ae nee e|Pe cna rell se ce cei 135, 000 $2, 700
TPR GRES JIE) 0S aR Sees gine lBect os ac eee Chee aoe Meee cone tener nem 11,415 | $480 395, 238 16, 645
BE TENO Aer h a UCU meee ements eee ne cc mes |e ser nae oa emailer |S oan seen oes 115, 840 4, 054
mato, tres)... --.--.----- Wpechcozes talk Saagose © Paociactelleseauce 5,726 | 218 93, 383 4, 237
i Ma ERAT RGR pace doce ENCE se pala sere APS beeen toi | teppei] Enea ce (ae aae 187, 417 6, 658
op BPE Saad eee soeceee de Ia Aa Sos Rs eel ee eagle reir 58, 113 1, 974
Modfish, salted......--..... TRA NOON eeeA DON Now ceed eee ao leeces ena |eeee ss 1, 782, 679 44, 567
Cultus-cod, fresh.........-- | _ 147,478 EOE eewaee cel Sapaeee lose see SalLoace. 167,758 | 6, 283
Flounders, fresh........... fel Oso O0Gs be Ar OOO lone cee lesen ccule OMe 116 | 3,531, 158 85, 237
Flounders, salted....-..... hte RSS See ssb se Re aseence Sas-eeelleeade eae eae 43, 649 1, 747
mierrine, fresh ..-.......-.. DOO Abo MS OO |e mites ctare-a| mais mayest retemie illo es Ses 3, 398, 824 54, 996
moanefish, fresh............- 10, 208 Gl iB seaer oe pees © [ere wie mee deste ee 10, 208 306
BRNO UES So eee wallace cer Ol Mats errdbe cect ihe (EE 6 oo AS eae Me es tel 311, 564 12, 698
merch, fresh .....-....-.--- PAS OSH Ue ODA Fine cle oe on! eo ae ics Mabe 400, 429 18, 273
Mockfish, fresh ...--....--- 610,430 | 27,316 |.. syne xe asta | 15, 066 600 | 2, 253, 308 67, 822
Rockfish, salted -...--...-.- SEAL Bah 960) Fase bec SB Ceeb cco laecouee (gn deceen| Soe ase 30, 716 1, 354
Salmon, chinook, fresh ..-. 218, 426 foe, FIG ITE gril a ptek ROU] BS 4 (aa eee ah epee |e 3, 380, 116 134, 492
SRMPMESHSILY OT MNOS a esi} al Sansone cin aia mace einia| ope sinet- Slee otal Meek ete on. Oe 1, 184, 952 35, 381
malmon, silver, salted......|........-.. Neeenaaaiss| Mepeeaae [oe ea a ye ender eee 167, 000 6, 680
meman. steelhead fresh: ......|sijameisio==-1-|- 0. csc -lemmae <<< 2 | SAeehee 1S oe cae SAS Ras #63, 399 7, 007
mardines, fresh .....-..--.. 1, 280, 000 MOTO Ob fees ys ra et sie er a ac cere 1, 314, 800 20, 591
Beenbass, fresh. =.2---. =.=. 195, 000 7 SOON eee tin carats Biers 4, 507 178 319, O81 12, 560
BePMErISS MAA bOM on. Se ees scien sac a~alsteateeeiclamjace «cio dlhet neal sis scale se alee oc oe 6, 581 291
Beetresh (222 2.9<52s065-: 116, 942 NDS esionceiiars lene sree ctl oto ota emis 318, 140 11, 891
TGFs nS) 1 Re eee ee area Nye; WIR MORSE Cll Bepsore be Seecrs 5 IASe sees: lesenece 2, 073, 589 61, 306
Striped bass, fresh.......-.. 3, 132 (AD ee See ie See ele Ad aoe | eee 20, 119 4, 021
erurseon, fresh.-..-...-..- 65, 110 et! Til | AA eae exe lle aoe | SCR | ee 612, 585 18, 869
(LURE WET TR SH oe i cece en cree Pe [Seep gr | ene ito APE 9, 980 395 112, 583 4,817
TSS TETAS a Ta | A |e ee ket eee | [eee Vee age | (ae 172, 268 6, 109
Other fish, fresh and salted.| 683,200 | 10,153 |..........|....... 2, 346 77 | 1,895, 101 36, 022
Abalone meats and shells. . 28, 000 RDN Resoeeed les tSbee Laas eed eeemae 203, 783 5, 553
Octopus and squid......... 11, 809 SaGu|Posue seca Pasecaiie watece eal ceaeis 267, 809 20, 816
BSS NATO? . - - 550 = cn casein 89, 530 ODOM Ae Se oleae steeeess Boel oas oy 511, 980 5, 975
BIS BOL eis cio. ensac ce TOL Real (teed (asa 11220 | Pe (2 |S) an an | pe 1, 261, 980 13, 421
ORS 6 o0- -MB Ss heen sas. TK FEY SATA || EH) 1127 | eae i TSW fe mene | Fe 12, 829,500} 592, 137
“Tne Sh ee eee ety FOTOS UCO pO) aU 21510) el ca kerma pen | oe ee 2, 700, 000 11, 250
> a ee eee PACUOLOOOs SOMO se costar ||anne ea lcs tow calive cases 2, 090, 000 83, 125
Shrimp and prawn...-.-.--: VEC SUD MSGi. Glas | Pes Ses keen Oe ee | oe 5, 822,693 | 266, 593
Bemiyslobetenc. 8.0250 Selo) te a5e Bewerd aad Poeocn ned Eaaaee e | hems ma ne Ieeeemne 278, 310 7, 747
‘Terrapin and ast eset 35, 000 2 ETO is oe Se sen ee Soe 47, 563 7, 550
eat Soa vand sea-liOmpelts yew: occ ela) acne secs sa clon eed loocon cand lgeesccdlsecaneccead 1,770
BESPAD NSIS: shes. -2em4 vboo-=<5 oo as CHER EE SES ie eae PSE ba | PM ee (Se tte Seale 69, 816
BEBEPAULOT DOS apm. om orieu esas] cmelane sn cee ZIG SIV) ) See |e IAN eal eae IRE Sol A ee hae 29, 300
TOYO Ue ko ease ot Pat Dee Oa NITES 01 ees | ee | Da ral | ae 2,235,915 | 105, 052
Swhalebone .........-...... OLE GSO tein ae ce aie oe ose at fnaelne roca leoelh acts 170,118 | 680,472
mod tongues ....-.--.-..... 13, 800 cL A ee eee Seeded (ie ee (ees 13, 800 966
ESAT SES Ss NER) is aR a a oe Ne eT gD | 11, 790 521
BEE ee ose mccaavacses Joee------2s/e--------|---- SECs Seen e pac ebeaee Deaeeee 29, 345 1, 174
: Matbaleess ookncsuve cee 33, 629, 049 |1,933,202 | 125,860 | 3,147 | 52, 013 | 2, 064 |53, 330, 194 |2; 592, 826
en
=

164

Table showing by counties and species the yield of the fisheries of California in 1891,

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Contra Costa. Del Norte. Humboldt. Los Angeles.
Species. ; 7
Pounds.| Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
IRarracuda fresh: 2-2: <<< | 2 ces osc oe meee alien ene os Sekai are ree eye oe erent 210,001 | $6,430
Carp, TNOSI coe = ceecs 14, 188 $4205) cayseieee = os aretee eres oe cies | ee ees lee eee ee oe
Gultus-cod, fresh .502.)sc< 5|Saepenace sacs See tee aloe eee 24,118 $840 |. s2---5 =< -eeeee
HYounders. fresh.-.-2 <2 s< -2| =< esuetes| ccm eee eel aeteiccl= 151,018 | 3,617 | 157,810 6, 312
Herring, fresh ..--.....-- .-| 203, 130 Be AD Ml (eee ote heel eter ie ees 12, G00 240 68, 000 2, 720
IGT) Boge) WR eee eee Aeecqocadoc aHacsaon eacsonces|Soasaote Pessks SamclMaasacds 326, 469 | 13, 058
TEE Wass) WeeeCeOCHEERrE oH Seeaonob orb dactamuicotarcomasab So seqde 23, 650 690 25, 691 988
PROGKASH, Pras hice agen aie cot | Semele! | eetengn mee Nenana Sele wed 34,472 | 1,034 | 81,192 | 3,248
Salmon, chinook, fresh .. - - - 594.'006)|| 23): 760) 308) 750) 1$9.262 |) 2e eee sees eel eee |
Salmon silver, fresh ses crs ae eee all eevee 182,500 | 4,818 | 890,946 | 29,698 |...-.:....|...-- 55m
Salmon, silver seated: ceases terete Sear raya el repel eeteale | terete: 116,200: |? 4) 4460) 0 oe es cree
Salmon, steelhead, fresh. ...|....------|-------- 18, 750 280°). 2596,981 | 5,940) |2. .c2--2— lee aaa
Sardines ftreshys secee ae a Ms eee colar aie | csaiare eraye | eteteps eter ia te all cuenta toa ae erences Oe eran 66, 007 1, 326
Sealbassfreshye sesso eel ee eee s cal reine cae le| eseteioretere efoto ataleterereie rel asaya ral rer erent 18, 206 728
Sea pass salted! s...ac.cn5 2 |S Sac ceases) ometeiel ie setae wa ccine |ataieee Sect ero een| eeee 4,301 172
Shady fresh scesece- ae o 108, 011 HOGPAD lee sodeinemc platessa 160 AG: || ccs nie eaten fae
Smelisineshpaseecse ase ee 141, 420 Ol niecisteialaetels ambe o 32, 000 890 175, 965 7, 039
Striped bass, fresh......--.. Q23D32 | 18; 090 R mem eecees N aay dieser oral Shays oe eeyorere ne eee oe | Ce nate eee
Sturgeon, fresh ............ OE Pay || EWP} [Sacco scet Ie ca cisie case comcte coals Weel te eee
Vellowzhalliresherscosoce el. ec eee ses |scmcseesleeeeectees Te eae ees (ery seme eat Nat = Si bee 67, 690 2, 708
Other fish, fresh and salted.| 213,810 | 3,422 |........-- Pe Sage (NR Rs DRT 2 Em | 118,950 | 5, 026
Apalonemoeats and shells: *'\/2<.2.ss<2\ =e >< ellsecemenemslaee ee see nee a eee ee eee 5, 1385 86
(Clmns yen leat aass 28S Sane PSAE SPS SEC B62 eenlsccoccossrlocecsae 47,2507) i; (O02 | \ occa = ie ere eee
(Clams SOfbena sac -ee ons | ele ecessce|aeee ace +| peeeeeeee [sade Se 15, 000 BID |-scnececes lone eee
Ora Se eles eeeel oe co ec cco eee oeelomeceeiselienencs cet Weare cisveiere 98, 100:| 3,406 |-.. 22.2 =| eee
Shrimp and prawn......-.-. 813,806) :86/ 967 ieeasse oo elec os oes lessee ee bee ee eel: eee ee eae
PINyWOnsberac=ccssscoe se Weise sen ccesi s naeecs | cer anemeel coe cece || eee seee eee a 102, 125 2, 688
Mota. casas aececeee 2, 382, 028 | 85, 889 510, 000 | 14,360 /1, 741,895 | 52,116 1, 427, 542 52, 529
Marin. Monterey. Orange. | Sacramento.
Species. =e == |e eee
Pounds. | Value. |} Pounds. | Value.) Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
Parracuda, fresh 2.0 ee ee sn oe. ea | ease oe 13,235} $785} 2,000 $90 (|. =
Garp wires hweten.) Uhea sins i ae th belie tein Stee aie joes EARS SS arate. 5 elias | 45,430 | $1,590) |
Flounders, fresh........--- 401, 395 | $7,017 | 190,510 | 3,810! 6,710 257 |. 28 le eee |
Mlounders: Salted. cscs eee Caen essere | eee ALOT 64a se Sane ee Ae |
Hernng, fresh. +... 5.22255) 3208541 | Gi 050)||s teas ae selec ee 6, 498 Pate eee eae eedics =~
Mackerelstreshrss: see ee eee are ais en ee 32, 734 | 1, 637 | 3, 000 120 [ico oe ee eee
Serch, fresh. 2522 ....22254| SEAS SBN EASES seule sce ee |. 3,365 120 4, 553 274
PROCKHSU IOS Dic ae oe /caee sen hence oe pane nec 758, 578 | 15,172 | 7, 000 280" oes eae eee
ROCKASHS Bal ted ere sees tal) semee ees) Heinen 19/472") Fe0-| es 82s el A ae | ee
Salmon, chinook, fresh ....| 15, 035 600 | 7,990 ASO Neate eee eee es 76, 112 5,328
Sardines, fresh ............ 3, 561 140s Seat coe ae peek ee ROR Bact |: ot) cal clap eae ee |
Sea bass, fresh ---...12.... 15, 482 GIOW| See eeeeee lepeied 5 3, 000 120° eee
DHA eEres hier arene ec cea Oka e mee Se ERR See Se ae | eet SAAR Cat Se re vee oe 17, 516 1, Obi |
Smelteireshmee as. onus 242,090 | 5,048| 76,985 | 3,080! 18,115 fe a eee Bee eclseeoo- - -
Suripedbasswiresh 022 ee toe te Gates gS ae Re eae RS ee ee Sel | Pe ae 157 24
Sturgeon, fresh............ 15, 946 CGE in ee egencee aE Se Pa EO Se 3, 250 195
Wellow-tallinesh 2s... sels eee Wl as eens ak DES hes Ee ae j 5, 000 200" 20 es
Other fish, freshandsalted.| 264, 840 3, 924 16, 920 610 2, 000 80 228, 445 5, 566
Abalone meats and shells..|....-.---..|........| 3, 700 (fel ae age tela ee eee Res epsi eSciemcl< -
Octopasandisd uid. asseee ce nen eee eee )"S005760) 123) OGD i|EE: 022 tao |e 288s oem eee
Clans hand eee cee eee 28, 700 615
Glamssottieeecsee sa eee eee | 10,380 106
Shrimp and prawn......... 1, 085, 175 | 49, 289
Terrapin and frogs........ | 12,262 | 3,270 |
NICE A Soe Orakei Ne eam np Sivas || Oe a SB |
ba} tl bh peo ee eee \2,470, 415 | 79, 501 |T, 469,735 | 52,314 | 56,688 | 2,236 375, 463 14, 028
Santa Cruz. Shasta. Solano. Sonoma.
Species. 2 ai : |
Pounds. | Value. } Pounds. | Value.; Pounds. | Value.) Pounds. | Value
Barracuda, fresh.........-- 4, 350 $212 al amc e cc mmaherce nese teeter eee eee ee ae
Flounders, fresh........... Le ALD DH sd OA0| Nrees Rea Second eee act's mr ie eR 4, 900 $196
Mackerel, fresh............ 12, 855 BODE eebs ctoaclace ee cinc|necemcne vale eetr mer (cnet cee ae | See
Rockfish, fresh. -2.2.51.--2 CB OSE A Met Par Stay| eis aeroaes) (aime wel ee eet tal Sat Be te 4, 264 171
Rockfish, salted.....-..... 5, 130 Zon WS Lee a oe 2 elses oo MEA a ee ee Se eee
Salmon, chinook, fresh. --. 15, 260 690 29, 110 $730 694, 181 |$27, 767 36, 656 2,199
Slit sis) Nese ae goatee dese 30, 120 L200 Post eae salen 58, 739 230045 aera eee le eee
SHG Sia NSE EpepTeSeres 25; GOL) Li 22GR ee ee scale on are Sal cetera ere llctot acre. te | rte te er eet | ae
SEnIpedubags, treshisn. se sacis-< cues sucleeee sos cemeneo ealtears coe 2, 265 840 |. cc Joec aceon
BAU GON) MET OSNi. cetesee see eeee oe eeee| eeeeeee ee ee anaes omen 366; 3805! 10:99, |e sees oe he eee
BOGAN Vers = sisteierca en tae 347, 611 | 14, 293 29, 110 730 121, 565 | 41, 448 45, 820 2, 566
4

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

Yield of the fisheries of California in 1891—Continued,

165

San Diego. San Luis Obispo. San Mateo. Santa Barbara.
Species. 3 ara
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
weeerracuda, fresh......-.... 229, 755 | $9, 188 49% 800) $1750) scan cecceleesecse 58,000 | $2,900
} Barracuda, salted........-.. 113, 542 | 3,974 5, 500 24g Beep era Seb casca acc gacne Cl ee errs
memnito, fresh’. --..-.--.---. HOR DUOM EARS |e acese ana pace secs Bee agee we acces 40, 192 2, 000
Meesonito, Salted.............. 169, 783 5, 949 1, 000 HU RARE ase ceaee ao 3, 701 180
| Flounders, fresh........... 5, 059 203 | 21, 346 955 |) 451,400 | $6,871 7, 010 348
Seeerving, fresh..........--. BONOUL AM eal On Reece sees loo te on 838/501 |? "4997 Soc anae sees seme
( Mackerel, fresh..........-. 14, 960 | DOSS 1225890) | A560 Sac acc ea cielene see se 5, 975 297
) Rocktish, fresh .....--..--- 23, 768 Ei ae reed | eaeey aces Ine Ae eta eee y eee CAEN Noone.
' Rockfish, salted. ........... Gencour2neee |: 1IReTI0. |° 4 O70! [ech io2 eos. [ccadeentocee ee ee
| Salmon, chinvok, fresh...-.|.....-.-..(s.20.2- 1, 500 Men eosamrtiacfs 11208) 3, 117 166
Mere bass, fresh...-..--.-...- 8, 000 Calan aatee DAE WE aes Se OS RRS SE Las ONE oe ee
Meee Dass, Salted.........-.- | 12,360 495 ELSE ONT {Ol Malate Soa 1 (CO ae eahiae doe ea eteet 4 9,015 451
by, HIRES as SB ieRadl eae SSpery See eee 17, 000 S5ON see sass RAs 55S 22 ee EM See ee
; BEMIBLG SLTOSM 22 ca0-- 6 «= - 15, 735 | 630 | 19,930 687 234, 700 3, 720 7, 790 388
)Wellow-tail, fresh.......... JUAOUOL “2nSOUr nese ce eet lca sons ates see seca este neae 20, 015 1, 000
/ Vellow-tail, salted ......--. CRE IE Tg 1) eerste gta Se trie | a ae ae 4, 632 231
' Other fish, fresh and salted- 84, 630 Bp tol) d eres a eae 329,120 | 4, 745 17, 084 842
BGG Monts ANG SHEIIS.-| Loa, L20) | “E72 sos 25 SEL SS Sales See ceecece 241, 826 6, 248
M@lams, hard.........------- 2808 Q00R | “D5000) Sto sae scsi eee b ee ES OR eel 4c 8 ly Ek aes eek | am
febrimp and prawn...:..--.!.....-.... an ssmae aaa tS SS er Eee eas 153569345) G1RG10)\ee eee eee ee eee
Mspiny lobster...-..--.-..-. | 25, 000 Goa eee eo Saale ee ees ce cantee mae tae ae 145, 120 4,355
| Hair-seal and sea-lion pelts-|--.-.-..-. UPI a ete Bit! al ede ee see a (eseae a tel 2, 097
BERET RNOLD era casa he tea secag ects er vacme nt elton seo mone ae cont steee od leneesetes 1, 500
ia GE ASS eee See SBnaa BRoGoerions Gnerernes Beal! dl SO PAO Ameena lenosaotal pequeedes||eunseaes
tl eer eee rm pI rN ee 5, 490 IE |e ramisiea ee yee 4, 500 240
10) Gao SSR esp Bpoesusesanse |--e-e----- resected aie tS PERE al Dre et a UR 11, 361 455
Ty] OE SS ee 1, 314, 303 | 41,102 499, 596 | 19,044 |2, 710,115 | 81, 923 579, 338 23, 698
San Francisco. Tehama. Ventura. Total.
Species. >
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds.| Value.) Pounds.|/Value.| Pounds. | Value.
' Anchovies, fresh...-..-.--. CTT nn IE Cv) 2 ee (4/5 eR Pen 145,000 | $2,114
'Atka mackerel, salted-..--. 64, 800 4860) |ameese a cee ten c| Sone meewelecce cos 64, 800 4, 860
EEA ERED Ne a 2 atte fle =e | eaters ndewiela ais [ete talp wi a.=. mya] eteiaieie st 2 ialteblo- eae 8,610 | $372 575, 751 21, 717
EMEA Se LGC Cs 5.) tt em siaaiaics come lenis iere ie se val elena asic 2 ee llatsiainte orull Storaimormeram teeeisace 119, 042 4, 249
REM ERES Hye here al|iaialo es outers (OES eats llearets = Sante linia arate 6, 318 240 106, 410 4, 626
PEERY ES MC Cle tas a scte Sain See Ne lleiermrar aie etallc see a Stele] la cae ses |Sew Smcclsacwoce st leemancs 174, 484 6,179
RPC ESL tee tycia= nes o.8 | Memenne eisinia| Cee ce Nine seers cinwictea)| Sect at Ome a alee wate ae 59, 618 2, 016
@Wodfish, salted...<:....-.-.- 2, 047, 911 BE SOD Baste ok a occ Soka ce shmrea lees aes 2, 047, 911 51, 393
Gultus-cod, fresh.......... | 189,500 (i bp beaood ce nen a bbe eset Ceneene 213, 618 7, 639
Flounders, fresh......-.... LROOOH(GL: |era4. 6084520 csmes|esseces 3, 896 155 | 3,071, 989 77, 280
Flounders, salted.......... Pee ete teeta oe 5 a oem iay ey Ay ey Ree aye aia IR NEY a lascra a cin 41, 071 1, 644
pring, HAVGSHES os (ciet ae ma.c alta plcon MEAG aT 74 leerewc cnrclteniniat awl Cows eyee ellie amici 3, 757, 075 48, 571
mefish, fresh .........--- 24, 080 GG Ga Memes cee eee mec Umea ccilioe aerate 24, 080 963
BERT LOS ace ssa nce |e sees coe Sang eet s Soe cceus|Seceecs|setesee oc|sc neue 518, 883 20, 863
Perch, fresh .........-..--- POOH haw BROS nee es ae TIN Be ls 325,455 | 10, 906
meockfish, fresh .......----- GLO 502: || 24 179) to cease seen cniace 13, 260 526 | 1, 893, 072 59, 325
SIRNA SECO 5 Secces|Sat Meo Set eres maken tae teeuk Aes ceieh ee Santee clemasnes 29, 219 1, 258
Saalmon, chinook, fresh .-.-.| 448,322} 17,933 | 115,623 |$2, 890 |.........]..--.-- 2, 341, 045 91, 6389
BIEN COE BPG NE Ae f2 Feo a tetiocicie sl aac Be ciciclince coe seul mee asl eee coe vellosmente.s 1, 073, 446 34, 516
SIROESTEV GETS ALEC ee so ore ce ec eseaas nenlcs ce ones sceosac|eeacwencciizaceaiss 116, 200 4, 448
BRIESTCOLMOAC Mires} 4 enionceee| ot oscsnell|tceescanc|iveteslesceteus Iscbewse 315, 731 6, 220
Sardines, fresh .........--- TOSCO Aa 70111), ee ealel Dy ale a lye ae eae [i Se 937,568 | 18,988
“Sea bass, fresh .........-.- DD ATO NAM GH 1ON|Poeee. oe |Reee eee 4,815| 190| 372,258) 12,414
‘Sea bass, salted...........- leases a=|teces ee chlescat sen alre me sun Sa soue snctllee-cimers 21, 301 1, 022
Td i eee | 230, 460 GX OTA ocean neces. tae: Eee aey cam ssers 445, 006 15, 856
(Smelt, fresh ............... PIGS NOUS: 1 SORTIA cc oe saer ae oke lene eee ale oe 2,126,084 | 64, 623
Striped bass, fresh......-.-- 4,320 GABuE Sees ees ee seis LS eoneel Genoaoe 30, 674 4, 602
mtureeon, fresh.......----- | 72, 250 QSObe eee ee ealacseeee ee ene el eae ae 727, 551 22, 213
Wellow-tail, fresh......-... OSE Caan Poeernde Aasasaued eeerose 9, 276 323 160, 981 6, 591
Yellow-tail, salted......... 110, 658 Beal eo ete eee LaaLoote) aeeroe 178, 751 6, 334
Otherfish, freshandsalted.| 624,463 | 10, 268 |......-..].-.-.-- 2,730 108 | 1, 902, 992 37, 971
Abalone meats and shells..|.......-...|....-.... SS Se es eine) ea eee ere ry 302, 781 7,572
Octopus and squid.......-.. | 14, 150 BOs hseee sa clkwa teal eee. sul eweeces 314, 910 24, 323
Clams, hard CTBT TST U5 (15212) | Laetoli 450, 800 5, 660
Clams, soft ' 1,489, 980 DS OOGIe Sees se cialpersicie = «| steate cers «ls on aces 1, 515, 360 15, 877
oe BLS SOT CULE NOLO uA cere ao all cen c ist aisretarestavara| ecarsene = 13, 387,800 | 618, 455
~ 2 EI ee eS fre GUS COU ike DOO eee mesa x sleliane sis asc|-demsas 2, 998, 080 12, 500
ee ee | 2, 250, 000 OO 000 esas op a| sate se cle etise dace onece,s 2, 348, 100 93, 406
Shrimp and prawn..-.-...-- | UNGS7 G14 Toniooieeecsscor(seeacc cle ce seecslelaces ocd 4,892,940 | 223,601
BPMIIMMLOUS COI a= oa a5 oes naic|o 2 = \seeaiana|seceatmnc] nase 22 oa-[e ess cel [eemewe ne cclsc mee £2 272, 245 7, 668
errapin aud frogs... -.-.--- 37, 500 AS DOU Meee sce oulte cect sae ova ecleaasacs 49, 762 7,770
Beenealcenitsealion polts-\e MMe -<\---|2222 seme esee sss lees. on-|e-esoc.jeasccesteosemnce ces 3, 206
Mur-seal pelts...-.-...----- [eeas ism chs AOD Ue eee eee abe ss Soe ee ie ee oe a dean geese 134, 220
mea-otter pelts .....-..-.-.- Me peta dias set's BOING Rea vee semee se onene seu. oc aee ssa hao cee aaaee 31, 700
OAC Te 080) || 160 O70) |secctseo slo adas as [eases ola leenae.ce 1, 763, 985 71,190
MpaIGDONO .--..----052---0 Bee W he HALIS BOD Wesns2s2eciicn ast | BEG Was: ales cea ck 223, 771 |1, 118, 885
pelea eee 975 re eee asectaet one eens cee | Ree 975 65
EIT he Phen eo recs ore Hie te RO oe Mae OR Be lata e ea 9, 990 423
God tongues........---.... | AMGRCOONE Sie tod (Res ee [Raters 3 tev Peru es 16, 200 1, 134
a eee tas ale ote “a imwlewain iain |mn view wii otc 5 mee [iss ai = [eeeeeeets | emeeiect= 19, 141 765
This ee Sere '35, 238, 514 {2,448,849 M115, 623 | 2,890 | 48,905 | 1,914 |52, 483 906 |3, 031, 430

166

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Table showing by counties and species the yield of the fisheries of California in 1892.

Contra Costa. Del Norte. Humboldt. Los Angeles.
Species. Z
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.; Pounds. | Value.
Shree CUE As Rye)s| Be sea obec a lSsaoeossice laoseaome| sks Sosgane oo sodorneljossodssete|lbsecsoo: 6, 430 $257
@arps treshis-s-s5 = eee n= 21, 342 $640) | sce css Sed) see oe =| Sone cteemes| oe ances eeoee soeee heen :
Galtis:cod Wares he Sapte eer ee mle attra ater eee ar eee 30, 000 | $1,050 |..----....|.--- ae
Flounders, fresh.-..--.----- CLUB aL) er ea) | oces ses scoacer 160,873 | 4,267 | 156, 548 6, 262
Herring, fresh....--------- 227, 515 By ALD | Mae cepe sclleeisere clei 13, 000 260 41, 000 1, 640
Mackerel, ‘freshs2-t< cc. 4|oons cack a ae emaee ale eeee sacar seer ectciel Seer eee seem 3138, 837 12, 552 |
Perch, fresh2i2. =. o..= =: t= alkeeaseenas| Saree eens leee sep Salen see 28, 500 560 24, 841 994
Rockfish, “fresh: -/s:o-6-022|sse se s- os] aeceeee| eee cee mee seme stee 50,000 | 1,500 57, (55 2,310
Salmon, chinook, fresh. ---|1,.037, 381 | 41,493 | 133,563 | $3,587 |.--.-..---|---.----|------.--.|-----eemm
Salmon ipilverstresh ene eas sae aoe eee eee 99,124 | 1,534] 782,638 | 26,098 |.......-.-|.--..28
Salmont Sulvier is alte dea aete ss |e ee eles eee ese peter a erate leet 39,000)| 1/560) |- ~~ <2 |S eee
Salmon, steelhead, fresh ---|.--.--....|---.-... 49, 563 867 || 260,879") 5,217 |: 2-2. .-.--- lca
SEushnssy Faqs) ons ao ecion Behan anasadellecenoocd|Seceace ood osconodd|eossesccea|Sooec aac 41, 864 854
Geatbasss tres bist cats. cosa es Scrsiccoe allie te rare anal] he ence Saye ef otra te bl ee ere el eet eres 19, 212 768
Shadttreshies. ==. Js=ae5: 139, 364 4,08). cecnecce= al eee eee 100 10d) oo3.6en O24 Soeeee j
Smeltaneshs-ceesseercciss ce PSWGTS sl SOS ee torertael| eeteretercle 42,250 | 1,056 | 187,430 7, 497
Striped bass, fresh......... 38, 947s) 4, O74 I ese iscicmtrall Hater amie cinerea lees ae ser stele eerie tee
Sturgeon, fresh....--.--..- 323,/855')| ‘9.705 Woda scremieleeatemetaayicrnen ete cyavcte| serene isa See ee eee
Mellow tail pireshiet csces 252) sese cee b)ocbre wate oll re isrereeic afore lerectersce = /5'| meee beroa eee iene 66, 347 2,654 |
Othertishtreshiand salted) (255,470) 4) 272 e022 22 allem = © ona = stern el eee 111, 479 4,576
Abalone meats and) shells: .|).222-02-3|-so.~ces|seenensceelscaece se EH 162)|.22-5-s0--| 2s |
(Clinms, lpr le ABR An ie Se San eee eae eae aso be aes Sa sd|sqoqssce 5250087 dj l2b0 Soo o-ee serosa
@lams! SOftiecseas eases oe <4 | 2h scents oe sabe base ec oealeeneecer 17, 400 435 |on) ot cae see eee
(TADSEE Sees sae ec bemeks cad iss ace seed be mceweasseceecmerleemeeeee JZ S20i 13; 900) |e Seema eee
Shrimp and prawn......--. 885.010 )|:40, 195 \essoncme colpooece yoga eae se nee ees eeeioecicn ean
Spiny Mobsters saa. ksee =i sec [a er= stot eal steam loleleiallleletace slo eecte al intato< eo ele | stele eteretels relate tele 128, 425 3, 340
HeviT=sealand Sea-LOMIpeltge| canae ms ce all = ate eerersie | eee a terereoal ete te eiere tell eee ere revere eer ese ete teie ee eterene 330 |
Lota sectas aisles Ses 3, 383, 859 |115, 407 282, 250 5,988 |1, 597, 235 | 46,200 |1, 155,168 | 44,034 ©
Marin. Monterey. Orange Sacramento. |
Species. » |
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. —
:
Warp ratreshees Ss <5 oases eek s/o macs leeane sofas mntee eal aeteins | aaceeee sol eee eee 44,320 | $1,551 |
Flounders, fresh.......---- 442, 468 | $7,587} 189,820 | $3,796 | 11,122 | $440 |..........|..-..--5 |
HMlounders gsalted).-- cone s=|saeeeceeselscacrisee 43,887 |\_ 1, 7D |lls vocmicte ciel eaaena es |ceeceeeece eee |
erring, areshe ee. = = 2s) 338, 766 DOG Tall ye merle neta aerate ae 6, 000 240 | ceemmieye oie tree |
Mackerel trestles 0 secec alesse cies -4lcnie carer 6, 209 286: |e cietee oe al sce a.cjssnlals lla sietetetste tees eater eae
Rerchtat res tesa. a oeae 5OS000%|! 2000 le ncmenee sleeeeee ss 5, 000 200 5, 668 340
RGekdishs feos hee. os <meta leaenometeselteceeeee 725, 380 | 14, 506 4, 320 173) ||. cBocn cel Soe
Salmon, chinook, fresh. .-. 12, 000 480 6, 915 vn see eee en loocodeoe 81, 112 5, 678
DALGMeS sireshetee. nee 5 - ail eiaeyotssacierallleroecs oleae caro | seeemeine 5, 000 200) | ise ceme | eee
Neqbass: ¢Leshere ase. 466 ! 13, 000 520) ic.cdceisfoa lee ee + oa Meee more |b aeee Cee ee eee
Dade rros hus qf ose ole Soe sie rara| resicrretee tects cise, rote eee ate 21,579 1, 295
Meili ares hes see. e556 252, 065 5, 035 74,868 | 92,995) 25,6210) 1025 tS oS perate beater
Siri ped: bass eres: 2s cce loca e occe epnaeege ame ote alle ene 199 30
Sturgeon, fresh......-..--- 20, 000 SOU See eeaeslcceceeine 3, 820 229 -
Mellowetailytresh:,. 2. <2 3 <:|b saosin se -Glsceteeacl| onan cneteedl cues nelh = 18h OSO el ss emrI7i lee eter ete |e eee
Other fish, freshand salted.| 303,519 | 4, 650 14, 058 243, 497 5, 802 |
Abalone meats and shells..|.......-.-|-------- 4, 189i Pe'85 lesa cesee sal 2onceen.s| eects eee |
Octopusandesciuaids-» sees | eee eee | se meeeee 857, 622')| 128:'610) so ce22 oe 2|- waqewnc| cee eeeeeee eee ee
@lanisshard's= es. + asesa 33, 110 F200 sn ccedacewalsae cee saoecee ance meekea Leet sere e Eee
Clams sso tte a ne sees 11, 040 THON eames [oe boc e Pas Saeco sstactench [Se eeeaae | aaa
Shrimp and prawn..-.....-. eA HOP) | GE} aN) | eekoesobes fo ae tlle ean rulls] ae hol ee ee
Terrapin and frogs......... 13; 1255) 8500 |esnccee sceteeecne c culetae comes Sell oe ators eee Eee
ANG TSE ee Are Sees SAGs oStusee 14 S35 WBOS eco c eas cierallle cries = alles raters eee Cea |
BPintealomee es oe ne /2, 669, 113 | 84,959 |1, 437, 733 | 53, 54 400,195 | 14,925
Santa Cruz. Shasta. Solano. Sonoma. a |
Species. 5
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.) Pounds. | Value.
Flounders, fresh -.....-.--- TA, SLB B2NGD Bel eee cci= svape |e ares eel eens eres ee are 5, 187 $210 |
Mackerel, fresh........-..-- 8.783) | B99 ae Balen ee Se Se ee
Rocktish, fresh....--......-. 72 2203)) 165 890N | Zee eaten asic ae | ie cece eee eeoae aioe 3, 700 148
Rockfish, salted-...-..-..-- 2 G2051' UST! pe eee cael ieee Bee ee \Sesonenc|ecsbossac||soa5s2:-
Salmon, chinook, fresh ..--. 14, 175 944, 507 |$38, 220 28, 839 1,730 |
Shad@ireshits: ccc csces- ce 35, 000 87.702\| 2:68 |/cccseee eee
Melt fresh: sec cc ~~ ec e 825,822 I) 2 }090 | esettic ns cal eieaee eel oa ola saree Sil ol= a/o es) <ll eral te ce eevee eee |
Striped bass, fresh. --...---|:-2------- 3, 910 469 |S serem ates | eee
Sturgeon, fresh ............ 72, 545 217,637 || 6,529) | 52522. scree eee eee
PL OUB iseteieversieesteieseieciete 428, 980 | 16,579 31, 445 785 |1, 258, 756 | 47, 849 37, 726 2, 088

* PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 167
Yield of the fisheries of California in 1892—Continued.
San Diego. San Luis Obispo. San Mateo. Santa Barbara.
Species.

Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
patil. TEREST eae | TE Onin) aay Ate] eR | ee ee ose aoac cess beste ce coe meseccice
Barracuda, salted.......... TG ICI AB SEY el opie Se ey LR a il a EOE Ae An aoe eee one er
iuonito, fresh ............-- Fit AMG). PQOGO! 1-222: cs 5y [bs cee. oa oca en eel meses 20, 000 | $1, 000
- Bonito, salted...--.- Re SOFT OF OTO" lines cars Sate s armies avec Sea sieereenall eee 1, 000 50
Hlounders, fresh.....-..... 2, 960 117 11,110 $525 | 505,585 | $7, 585 6, 500 325
Seiverring, fresh .-..---..--.- 379; 190))| “DAG8Bin ia jee wes alee
Mummeterel, tresh............| 4,770} 191), 13,3800) 456 /..........).-...... 5, 500 275
TPE a See PSUR 6 00) C0 ee ee eee Beene cee merc eod eeceie en |'so5 sec
Seeeiciahstresh.----.--2---| 50)000) | 2).000)| | 98,240 | 3,865 |). 282...) 2 ee) nee cole em nee
' Rockfish, salted...--....... RE a, Seas Mapes 550 27
NRTA eT OS steer OUO Mime LAO bee ctesta’ar= coos =iniateraial|in-n = miaterm/minl| sim mnie etera| mimte m=) elm oii elena
Berns tresh. 2-5 ---e 5a.) 20,0008" 400). ) 61,650.) 15808 jee... |) - 5. soe 14, 000 700
SRE? GOs ae ao oo os oer ceclece ac <jac(ay 1 OU0L 9 OAD Sere ccc | in men ame ||@ sttialranl a mcieeeiel
Memelt,fresh.........-..---- 252,795 | 3, 792 8, 000 400
) Yellow-tail, fresh.........- esse aec elena sace 35, 000 1, 750
ERCEE Tie Sa LOO seme ee ASA OUT | 6.720 | omcien cen) anim arma o) een a2 | cee awa 1, 800 90
Other fish, fresh and salted.| 158,925 | 6,360 |..-..-.....|-------- 379,185 | 5, 686 19, 450 973
@eehalone meats and shells..; 124,120 | 3,284 |....-...---|.-2--.-.Jeceeee--- [eee eee 238, 463 5, 280
Baams, hard-....-.--------- DH2TOOO | 1 BOOMS eae niorcrs ars lereten sae | ecrsesete coals sce orca |'s.s ches eve ole Te cane
Ey D ene Sayer ge a ee ee Seeee coe neeerera lecmrcoor 17a. 020) |) GOh989) |. - com= san) == aren
Mepiny lobster ......-....--- 20, 000 BOO) psesecsmcaleeeemoclccsse cessor 154,850 | 4, 646
- Hair-seal and sea-lion pelts-|..-..-...- it) Se 2 |S See. coe sae nek el Ince soereae 1, 021
s iuaip RGU SSS SSS BSR Ress Se eS ae- Seeoe denon sore aed Besser some Meneoe od oercuce ne 1, 200
COS ee esac Seeccce 32, 100 ROTOR nate eee st | Bees ne allele nce
8b ou bosee 6S 0ccgBensbee Beebe eacee) Beebeseed Bcpeeecena sees 2eK Me cueesccr bercerne 13, 490 540
(TER oh Dea rn 1, 483, 978 | 47, 526 226, 700 8,516 l2, 991, 775 | 89, 740 518, 603 18, 277

San Francisco. Tehama. Ventura. Total.
{ Species. ae

Pounds. | Value. | Pounds.| Value.) Pounds.| Value.| Pounds. | Value.
' Anchovies, fresh .....-..--- TGTOST Ea ICIS ene ee ec mee Social HERBIE 150, 175 $1, 502
MEH O IROR 5 eee wet lho niccici as ma leniee ced as eeaciems|oGciece = 11,000 | $440 217, 190 8, 693
RINE A ANS ALLO 2272.1 as | See Soles de (sae eee eae Sect ames | Acmemies| Saceesiseale ost. a 109, 614 3, 837
a NS Oe eee eee eoeeemes| ce moecis 7,110 280 77, 110 3, 280
EE SG Lee ee ea (a a ee Sele Sa eee: eee eel ace eet eles Sake 172, 222 6, 120
ot, ISTRSLO). 4S SBR GE need Beep eae eS BAe Se RS 9b ee Bemerne Seeeqaenc Seareee 65, 662 2,191
Mind, salted ....-........... Soratsia, | Mae ees ee aie a fee Me oc. 2,274,565 | 56, 864
Cultus-cod, fresh .....--.-... 200, 670 GiO20Miaccmresoa eos cal soseqeee Waaecent 230, 670 7,070
| Plounders, fresh..-.-...--- PRB PAAR SEE ULM a aie eee 3, 000 120 | 4, 182, 048 92, 426
SMIBTT THB AL CEU crew eraiac| a= oe evene a lareeo seine (creek setae |lmaree iste tarmmtate = mia |ica'=ie = 43, 837 1, 754
Herring, fresh..------ SHAS TRAT ONO B DEON eee. ema ln-nascaleee-onnee Waa aee 4,486,887] 55, 796
Kingfish, fresh ...-.....--- SAGA Bile Beene eee (i Nae ae ea | EP 40, 000 1,201
ana] ECU AS espe lee Co RS eee tee Rocoe core eeetsets Rercse nce Smart 350, 399 14,159
Memerch, fresh .......---.---. 201, 108 GRUBE Ur ease Seeeeee Seemte aes Pemnane 335, 117 10, 927
Menockfish, fresh ....-....-.. 644, 372 TEESE) leerasngae See see 14, 000 560 | 1, 819, 987 51, 282
MME ER ANUEOS. 35 oe |caae Scie e -|smcieeinee [asec cele e|lesinasan| mae eaisoee less ses = 9, 670 483
» Salmon, chinook, fresh-.--. 1, 122, 928 44,917 | 128,389 |$3, 210 |.--.----.- seers _ 8, 541, 204 141, 155
* Salmon, chinook, salted .-.. 90, 000 BE UU REP ricer npaceee ns Iaciteas 90, 000 3, 600
STE GT Er Rhee a= <5 |= 2 eee ote Nees rs 22a ois ce ,raterlllaemic c/s |mceeings aibisia |e Sicinipime 881, 762 27, 632
TE STARTER SET ea pS ES ee See ae eres nen ne Seeemee 39, 000 1, 560
RETEST Gelhead trosh= | 500-2 eee |oa- cee cele cen cea|6 ein coal anc sseeceloeoe ee 310, 442 6, 084
Moardines, fresh...-..--...-. TOS SOU MAN OOS eles eeee senate sloescceceeles =i 752, 994 15, 237
wanes bass, fresh.-------.---- 135, 350 sey 410) | pees Eee sl ee eee mone 253, 212 9, 610
RMR ee ee ele 22 oo a= [omaeee cal oeemese sleeet ose 4, 000 160 4, 500 185
Mead fresh .........-.----. 242, 749 BASED a een oe eee ame Tee eee =, 526,494 14, 372
Memmelt, fresh .........-....- SAOHGE | eG BOGs | sas eee cee Seema een sees lente ers ! 1,919, 894 53, 469
- Striped bass, fresh.......-. 13, 153 1 af Ree S| ee Sa Pe ee Be coems | 56, 209 6, 488
: Sturgeon, fresh .......-.--- 80, 160 DAG): pe are ccice | Seeerie Renee see a locesnon: 718, 017 21, 854
Mewellow-tail, fresh ...--.---. | sph 2-5 = ated Al, Japs EA | pa 8, 000 320 | 163,027 6, 871
UAT TINS LGU eet eee eee ed Ae es PR ee cecke| =an ec cmet|eaeene = 191, 407 6, 811
| Other fish, fresh and salted.| 729,827 | 18,253 |......--.|.------ 2, 000 80 | 2, 217, 410 46, 159
Abalone meats and shelis-. 30, 000 9 | 404, 547 9, 351
Octopus and squid....-.... 17, 000 | 874, 622 29, 039
eelams, hard......---------. 141, 890 479, 500 6, 449
Meeiams, soft ..-..-..-------- 1, 988, 760 2, 017, 200 20, 433
MEEIMREOES <= -5<- =. 205-5255-5-- 15, 098, 700 15,098,700} 698, 257
Beebussels'-.:-35...---------- | 2,880,000 | 12, 000 2, 880, 000 12, 000
i Se ee | 2,750, 000 99, 000 2, 862, 320 102, 900
Shrimp and prawn..-.....--| 1,773,295 | 81,043 5, 313,345 | 241, 817
Spiny lobster.......------ "ene est 303, 275 8, 486
| Terrapin and frogs .-..----- 32, 500 4,550 45, 625 8, 050
Sepnescal ond: sea lO pelts je: +=. .e- ec |n eee ac [e eee <n - [anemone |----e ewen|-secnen|eceessesnns 2, 267
Weeur-seal pelts ...---.------|-4 tee) TG TA BAG ees ts aes onl gets ors [Cceneioa| ues celeste 167, 526
| Sea-otter pelts ...--. WE ede ee CELL) | PUR See ye ee Re S| WS SE eee cal Mercer ae oe 36, 150
mvhale oil...-.-..------:--- 1,542,743 | 61, 053 1,574,843} 62,123
Mey alebone .......-.-.-.--- 197, 339 | 937, 371 197,339 | 937,371
(od sounds.........---.-.. 600 42 600 42
mod tongues .........------ 27, 500 1, 925 27, 500 1, 925
ye Lod. Logos cOconeP nese oe Depeeeepads) Soeterere 28, 325 1, 133
Pe penileers, 522-222 (39, 701, 708 |2,418,976 | 128,389 | 3, 210 49,110 | 1,960 |57, 838, 466 3, 022, 991

168 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

F |

Statement by counties, apparatus, and species of the yield of the vessel fisheries of Cali-
fornia in 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892.

he Los Angeles. San Diego. San Francisco. Total.
Apparatus and species. H 3 ==>
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds.) Value.| Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
|
1889. |
Lines: |
Barracuda, salted. .-.---.|----..s--s|-ene05- GONGBS SRT OAS are ec ers ae bea aye tee 60, 683 $2, 124
issivonheoy GEMli(et Le ee esippaada|oonmacaeool|sbasoc OSS S4E | Pacaols |esstemse cassie oer oe 95, 184 3, 331
(Ch Sula se eaceeauteaso)|aemacaeodollssscose|lsassossnclscacese 1, 463,424 | $36,587 |1, 463, 424 36, 587
Yellow-tail, salted....... adaino bod |sbecbor SOX6G47 130200 Eeactac mae ne cece rate 86, 864 3, 040
Total Jee ess 2a | Dae aoe eine ements ee 242, 731 | 8,495 |1, 463, 424 36, 587 |1, 706, 155 45, 082
Paranzella nets : = i aay
Siti Gas puiveslne ons et e54| sae ceneeisal lssscousllc ssuenserd|saGacse 352, 320 8,808 | 352, 320 8, 808
. Kingfish, fresh Sengea Hseag||Codoosescsllesecers |------20-|------- 8, 460 254 8, 460 254
a Rpokfish omresiy a2. ce e0tloes se odasacloseeaes Ree eer es seeps 33, 312 999 | 33,312 999
=] (Other fish, tmeshs.> cc fe reremocreemeer era en ee Jr teeececeleeneee- 14, 760 443 14, 760 443
IPT AW REneOS Mowers see nieces ene seit areata ecm oboSas|o5s8be6 13, 218 1, 980 13, 218 1,980 |
QWIGOE) Jasrodepeksocnee 5 basedeeder||seodetelosoussee |pecosee 1, 100 22 1, 100 22 |
AE a atese se Sean Basosssasa|S2te8Ss¢lechosnace esos “ 423,170 12,506 | 423,170 12, 506
Miscellaneous: haa, Tare Chel on
Abalone meat and.shells.|.-.-.-..--|.------ 21 0400 LOST Sl Seeescerets| earteleiere ere 27, 540 1, 087
Hair-seal pelts....-...---. sans eae saeecoe|bacasones UCU eke tes aeocleoocseSacelloaodsesnac 1, 000
abe ee TA See See ee sel eae cebooo boscoe |lbdSecosnelsreseed|leen dasseed IGP PAY eeespo cont 15, 219
Sea-otter pelts........--- laeeenoacaa lcodbonclscouduasdlesccens|essseeaeue PAS MIDS asteinn cece 27, 700
RW alevOU Saat ee ean cata lsosciseirems eee aqoneseed| soceoec 1, 480, 080 60, 952 {1,480,080 | 60, 952
Whalebone ..-.... SSR Se dc ca nO Seo |Sseaccallssagcemadleeaeaas 119, 650 520, 478 119, 650 | 520, 478
Codstonpues. 2:2. cee tdclleceeesere eee ee | eecaeeatelse certs 12, 600 882 12, 600 882
Rotalicessac ccciisis coe lpecieeenee eee aes i 27, 540 | 2, 087° 1, 612, 330 625, 231 |1, 639,870 | 627, 318
Grand total.......... [aN RE | 270, 271 |10, 582 |3,498,924 | 674,324 |3, 769,195 | 684, 906
1890. aamernnel ieee
Lines: =
Barractda, salted.......- Ose etter oa | BE T25A00d hood al heesse eee eas 72, 400 2,534
AMES ONULO sRaliOd ome tas eae onl heme ene cas leoeeeee AZ SHO BN OOOME. eee eee| oe sets ree 112, 860 3, 950
mC Od, Salteds- 24 4a oaaes eal asec = BORG EME CB EOE SGD cadac sn 1, 782, 679 44, 567 |1, 782, 679 44, 567
; Yellow-tail, salted....... Jadseacas se ee ee LOS BLO USGS Belasco ae cate 104, 340 3, 652
Festa Re ae |. Ch maladie i Tears 289, 600 |10, 136 |1, 782,679 | 44,567 [2,072,279 | 54, 703
Paranzella nets: | 7 2
MlOUNG erst frees = oasis ee] ac oe ease nets |e a acrantec Geen ree 347, 112 8,678 | 347,112 8, 678
Bono hsh!sfres he foes acs ieee is = [Ose aomattes ac 0 aistercttecteersete 10, 208 306 10, 208 306
RO CICA SDGETES Ue nso ao ara esas te eee eee alee eee oe tizis eerste 35, 320 1, 060 35, 320 1, 060
WdheriTish aires hes sess oh |scmecosies a tena le meee teres 13, 530 406 13, 530 406
Braye Lees bere soe ccs aime are es caste eee (asier So Eee sl x oat 9, 845 1,770 9, 845 1,770
OCctopusicisue cece oases yen eee Joneceee|ee ee eee eee eee 1, 809 36 1, 809 36
py ——w ———— ——
RO tener ey less a chatsvarstayal y= srs ain ohio |--2-+2-|----- 2-25 ieee Ae 417, 824 12,256 | 417, 824 12, 256
Miscellaneous: = i 5
Abalone meatand shells..|..-....--.]------- 55, 590 OBA Moe ae, ai [ete erelaerars 55, 590 934
Telerbert hoe) iC Beamon eeee |Seebece brn seeeeeclbomcacione BG) |lipecobeoor=adeceeceoclessccssoot 875
Har-Sealepeltise «= 2-2. lle aacinco== Seece cel bebossoorloncat oclorassegces GPCI |ecoosccate 69, 816
SEE EO RET en eR Wee Re oe en Seenoge deelleseocee|pcecsecedsescedalocodecaac2 21 OUT ele eee 27, 300
Wihale olen ee! Us sakes Beaeresioe Jemeercpnatiall eect tetaracat ate orem |2, 197, 665 103, 782 |2, 197, 665 103, 782 -
iWihalebone ac sa--tc-2™ = Seisee soe We erate [eaiseieretaren eer 179, 118 680, 472 170, 118 680, 472
Woditoneues)sie 2s. <2 44| Snes [-------|------ 002/000 - 13, 800 966 13, 800 966
ATA ENE ee Peresnics] aan _| 55,590 | 1,809 [2, 381, 583 | 882, 836 2, 437, 173 884, 145
Grand total.......... Kovnsten| eueee -| 845,190 |11, 945 {4,582,086 | 939,159 4,927,276 | 951, 104
1891. ae va:
Lines:
Atkawnackerel, salted: -:|,-ceassece | seanoelsesecsemslase ests 64, 800 4, 860 64, 800 4, 860
Barracuda, fresh..------- 2,100 $84Nl caso aceleeee wee acebeee men steccem eer 2,100 84
Barracuda, salted .-..---.-. leaogarecellsaprica (O05 964. 25484 oo sie cmis ccc |sricio en's sins 70, 964 2, 484
BOnNItO Saved. = =~ S25 aceeeeseaiseslacceiae LO 2S 2347 BEOWB ace se cel ees eee 102, 234 38, 578
Gods altedn sc tisiss oc eeeosae aces heatees nese aemels|esieceas 2, 047, 911 51, 393 |2, 047, 911 51, 393
Mackerel, fresh. .-..---.- 12, 150 ASG eae eneassleerosae a acteccas slewos~ = cise 12, 150 486
Yellow-tail, fresh ......-. 2, 500 MOOS esses cee see eae ose tees sec leers see ace 2, 500 100
sViellow-tall salted: tsae22 5|tecc-- sae cleriscee slaeeeeceee leeeeaee 110, 658 3,873 | 110, 658 3, 873
MNO TALE Ai <sieteciaccneciers 16, 750 670 | 173, 1938 6, 062 2, 223, 1369 60, 126 |2, 413, 317 66, 858
—— —_— —— — | ae

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

169

y
Statement by counties, apparatus, and species of the yield of the vessel fisheries of Cali-
fornia in 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892—Continued.

Los Angeles. | San Diego. San Francisco. Total.
Apparatus and species.
Pounds. | Value. - Pounds. | Value. Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value.
1891. | |
Paranzella nets:
Flounders, fresh...----.-- Weve re ieteras ate ape oe Het eae rear pe ot 621, 845 $18, 656 621, 845 $18, 656
Kingfish, fresh...-..--.-.|......---- 1 ata (LE et eae eee sy 24, 080 963 | 24, 080 963
Sean mh POs Nise hee ee nce es seas hata Seafoam cee 62, 260 2, 490 62, 260 2,490
Other fish, stot Rest (tee ies tel Pe Senger Iie obtener | teense retort tore ace 46, 690 1, 401 46, 690 1, 401
Prawn, Fie ORS PVN Ep ae ete yee Sises ae 6, 382 1, 150 6, 382 1, 150
Noh P Rl oganddocneqsne see MCR SEB ae BA ekabe| Ste Sensis Bones 6, 150 123 6, 150 123
iio DORR Goa ee ne eee Pe 2 ae [sere _| 767,407 | 24,783 | 767,407 | 24, 783
Miscellaneous: ahs A i.
Abalone meat and shells-|........--)...---- bpm (0a 5 baa ly Pia fe Sy eee al Re 52, 120 1172:
Hair-seal pelts. -.-.-.-...- Fabel ntiaal Herre BeEaBesee 11510) | aS See She cll oeezeoeo bade sce s° 750
Panes WehiSse esse a2 Sao e a claina le sacle tal: sae cee [ewe ee el een name TSae 2200 | here eee 134, 220
Sea-otter pelts ....--..... Wee ids WS eee ee ete See ape mee ea ace ae 002008 Peewee 30, 200
OE PHI egg Ss 2 a | en TEI GS Al ne es reece L727, 3p 69, 970 |1, 727, 5385 69, 970
RMMIGNONO sac sos ashen coeace nes EES coe Wea) See al ereere 223,771 |1, 118, 855 223) 771 1, Veh ebb
“td CHU Sos oe 2 ee ae aa [ic ek peed |e eee ot Care emer 975 65 975 65
od TONeuUES ------- 2.2... eterno ae ete ee cee 16, 200 1,134 16, 200 1, 134
Bota harasses sees ele als (Paate _| -52,120 | 1,922 |1, 968, 481 h, 354, 444 |2, 020, 601 |1, 356, 366
Grand total-.....-... 16, 750 $670 | 225,318 | 7,984 |4, 959, 257 i1, 439, 353 |5, 201, 325 |1, 448, 007
1892. 4 a
Seines:
Bein One Sal ied caret eee ee oon oe oes tite| Sa eters |e csterete o aa|| = amie = 90, 000 3, 600 90, 000 3, 600
Lines: 7
Barracuda, fresh ....-.--- Ge BO) Pay | be espe cel eenee |] senacccesd|Semne oS 6, 430 257
LESAN Fa eo | a a ee eee GRESLON anol leah ctemieeiets| <cerseicicrstare 68, 510 2, 397
BTtLO Sale tees one eh eso ose she aeelosoeces GGRBSSr ons OO! amet ieeara [05 a.sicteteretet= 96, 558 3, 380
Lap Las SUG Lee a eal ere a Rees) Sao eseeio Meee ere 2, 274, 565 56, 864 |2, 274, 565 56, 864
Mackerel, fresh....------. SURE BB al Glac Gi hdl ae eeeoae eaaese Berea euemccsonse 36, 435 1, 456
Yellow-tail, fresh...-.--- 7, 040 Oil ASA Eee Hea Cemeecal a] Hees ae Se 7, 040 282
MeuOw-tall” Salted 2225-2]. ---- =.= fees eee HOSSOTOE OUST a sees were eeese Sener 108, 975 3, 814
pital sees he nec oe = 49,905 | 1,995 274, 043 | 9, 591 | 2, 274, 565 56, 864 2, 598, 513 68, 450
Paranzella nets: i es cae rk
PMaIETIPOTIS, SerOS hte eres [eae ene ne ain ealins oldies Lees ose 1, 409, 192 35, 229 |1, 409, 192 35, 229
Tonya lS gS Beene el ee ee era |S eeeee se [Bee aime one eens aes 40, 000 1, 201 40, 000 1, 201
ereiotiniie tres =. 0 see.s| ence sess cn Beco ner4 Sesecris se |n------ 116, 952 3, 508 116, 952 3, 508
Other fish, fresh.........|........-- Ore el fares ee santa 74, 240 2,228 | 74, 240 2, 228
Petey TGR as oc oot ones eee eee = pee hed Mere ee alee Me 3, 270 654 3, 270 654
BCEOPR Ste oem iclare wiser wien as)|'sintsewiae. soc Sede s4|ASe Baer adleesse ac 8, 000 159 8, 000 159
ot ee eee ai, a ae Hee _|1, 651, 654 | 42,979 |1,651,654 | 42,979
Miscellaneous: . a aoe i ee
Abalone meat and shells.|..........|.--.--- ADE ONO: | Be284 |eana tects clacsocnne ee 124, 210 3, 234
MrTERe MM DCLIS see ee etc licemeae cas sie caee = «|e scc scat G60" Leeeeseccalsscsseeeeelocssece see 660
OUCLICSIEI PRs Ss 268 onpees FS ScSeSaee Ger psns lsaecoesnd lenesraa aecoredcnc 167s 526) \|hoen = sees 167, 526
oo nioTiliGie GUE peceeearnesel lea ganeisess | pSogeee Secueross) Senet scrtebaese BE SOB) eee secomar 34, 950
MMMEE Clery meee eet tee Pea. So eeleoc sso le eas: to Melwaccams 1, 542, 743 61, 053 |1, 542, 743 61, 053
SMMnalGvDONne --2.---.----2- Perot ee al Gro cinys ldo mcrae eres erate atetete 197, 839 937, 371 197, 339 937, 371
Rone SOUNGS..\'=--s-22:--- SoHE Ee Set RPeenel leopescorse lancmtos 600 42 600 42
OG! (OG ESS eoepeoce =| BSeseeee—o leaeerod aeesepeed Meecroe 27, 500 1, 925 27, 500 1, 925
Ripley arall cis snes oe [ elena 124, 210 | 3, 394 |1, 768, 182 |1, 202, 867 |1, 892, 392 | 1,206,761
Grand total.......... 49, 905 | 1,995 | 398,253 |13,485 5, 784, 401 |1, 306, 310 |6, 232, 559 | 1,321,790
| !
>

170 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Table showing by counties and apparatus of capture the yield of food-fishes in the shore or
boat fisheries of California in 1889.

pee
Anchovies, Barracuda, Barracuda, c ’ 3
pine cdiappé: ai ait Salhi: Bonito, fresh. | Bonito, salted.
ratus of capture.
Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.} Lbs. | Value.
Seines:
San Francisco -..--- | 30,140 | $600 |... Giteaieretal Sale celacs eee cee els.u cee lems cee Ae ee ee
Gill nets and tram- - “| ta
mel nets:
IMOTILELO Vins ase ee eats | ieto cleictere | = tetete 28056 |SLAGSOM Se sc cese|aserocestasemee oe leneeee | Lone eee
Sanulbies Opessase= ee reriaee (sae BES OST Avia iatseleterelell ee ea ae LONGSON P4279 Bae eee ee
San Francisco ..-.. UZ OTUH| US GHT Veo goceceelaeae=a4|oaacbobd) Scocos -|>oeee sor loccao nel ease ase|s05s0.-
Santa Barbara -...-..|--------]------- Po Co eee eee r re 20, 675 | 1, 033 2, 615 $125
Toteles seer | 92,370.) 1,847 | 64,849 | 3,152 |-02 2.2)... | 31,355 | 1,460| 2,615| 125
Lines: y fj
IboszAm celles! y.aceee eee eee | teens 88, 890 3 db alii eternal le sc cee! semen nae Hebbsee
Orange eres a am sater | ratereeetere seein 2, 000 (cl eee cholleeesesn aooseesliboocca=
SATS Owe eee cia le errata | eislate mots 121,000 | 4,840 | 36, 423 |$1, 275 34, 350 | 1,375
Sanouis Obispor a |- ee — eel eee 25, 116 875 | 1,000 50 | 1,500 75
Sambar an panacea errr ete el eet 65, 370 | 3, 250 | 19, 520 978 | 2, 834 141
Pama Cruze sec seen] sonia 5, 000 DAD Wee Seeoealltemereeie Stee ae eos
VGTIUITESY -SaSeenanndlbabaecedacosacc 10, 862 LSI) Re camecallooqesioe 10, 580 405
MOt alse er se e7| sesecnch losee ces 318, 239 |13, 229 | 56,943 | 2,303 | 49, 264 | 1, 996°
Grand total. -.)122,510 | 2,447 | 383,088 |16, 381 | 56,943 | 2, 303 | 80,619 | 3, 456
1 | Cultus-cod, z Flounders, i
Counties and appa- Carp Teel fresh. VIER DST RGRUD AS SSL Herring, fresh.
ratus of capture. ; | ;
Lbs. | Value.|; Lbs. | Value.| Lbs. Value.} Lbs. | Value.| Lbs. | Value.
Seines: !
im b old ticks tacecicc| saeco |aae elscis] sales lowes 125 5 OR Sen BOON laser ye eee eee ! 10000 $200
ilies Aims Eso sass Ssqossllsceseos|sansoone|ssoSoc. "3, 090 W235) econ at Goes ae - ; 41,000 | 1,640

Marin

Orange
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
Santa Barbara
Sonoma

Gill nets and tram-
mel nets:

ORPAME CLES ye sare 2] miater= a ats na/='sinter= eatmiaterole sil |stat= =ye| erate) dareisiorai=
EMT ATTT ae ya carci 2i| (Sree Salene| cle etejsi—tell Siesmiseterslel| teeters =eleta etter
WIG ETE ecosnnd ose jacorose|sooosp ells asos50A|Son~ sac 163, 208
SHI ONG). 2s Soecood| Sacease| basco ncn) boson no sseceuscilemenaseas-
Salle rami CISCOssesas | ses see cesses 16,670 | $667} 449,499
PANGAN OLAZ see os ese Sats oa eases oe oar elo eeeees 22, 650

Mo tall emcmeca <= | (sacle s-teeeet 16, 670 667 | 635, 357

Bag nets and paran-
zella nets:

Conta Costa c-nc|-aajoae (enema aaceee ee eeerse ss 256, 692
MOSvAMP EES: ba - (| Soe ~ eel Se cee owee seer) eeeae 61, 502
Miarinigee eet ctie oe les sine cee eclisececeor Weoaseae 342, 258
PIO MECLOY 72a neer oi) <a sae] -beciael eee oes Sve 61, 710
Orange) 222.2." Saas aa meee eee ciae locsose- | 2,874
SHU DIRE cooeoqoq¢l|sasbeoH scoused|sasonoso Soaase 2, 000
Saran cisGOsece sell om = sem ie 15,100 604) 513,400
Sern Iban) Oris 0355 sosoedd poeesss|boocsuoe [o5becse 10, 360
SHI IW ENG 6 Aan opd|pocdeous| psoeese|asccooac [osesse- 748, 883
SPUR CWA coASon ad pHooneel bascece|Soceaciec lserotemiaie 33, 100
Wahi scetesonsed teeer onl Boecece cenbeete iseerae 2, 130

Te ee Sia (Ree 15, 100 | 604 2, 034, 909

peed hore saan 4,000 160
a ae sercccelseeecse|) Otbg espe) Mendis
3. 960 coe. | anal |e ethene
Rg ee eee ee Ne 6,830 | 273
rete 0 lees lame 1, 159, 624 | 34,789

906 2 |e cele ae
bb O19i|- 2 enc eerie 1, 224, 289 | 37,375

192,519 | 2,888
16, 000 640
256, 692 | 3, 850
ee at 80
“"396, 060 | 5, 940

Fyke nets and minor

nets:
Contra Costa-_.--..- 11, 914
Sacramento .--...--. 29, 236
Motalvsss sss =< 41, 150

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

VUE

Table showing by counties and apparatus of capture the yield of food-fishes in the shore or

boat fisheries of California in 1889—Continued.

i Cultus-cod, Flounders, 2
Sieonntics and appa- Carp, fresh. ein Flounders, fresh. Ralteds Herring, fresh.
___ ratus of capture.
ae Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |/Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. /Value.| Lbs. | Value.
a
oly
& Lines:
eva TOG ee eee Meese 21,040 | $735 6,990". S680] S=..a< a Bans ccl seme e eee
Seros Angeles ..-...-|---..--|=------|--2----2|-----4 113, 230) | '4)/529, |esecee- lec ce earls sefaeesceesleaneeee
ita SSS oe Seno) eoeose Sec ocoe! Seqcoeee soa aaes 58, Danes O70, H20, S80! | S8Tb0 |S oo. cee eal eee
| SARUGY Sop sooS: Ges Stes se bpsen a Be Sseqoo| asec 1, 192 AD seseees|noc cnt |2 see ees a eee
= san Mrambisco.. 5 .(i.i22-\.ice.e. | 78, 234 | 2,730 2,715 216) Seale | tbe ele aoe ee
Sane lois ObISpoO--.|---2-.-|-2..---1-¢-----s|------- 6,000 LOM ee eee tees <ara|| = a/atee eae eee
Santa Barbara 4, 235 A; gl eRe ees 4 eee Ballers fcc
me santaCruz.....--.. 13, 924 BOM ||uesese|s2ce So =| one neers See
ie WUT) BRB Sesca) AOR oAe ee eee | 99,274 | 3, 465 201, 858 hs 479° 20, 380 S15: |s 5 sseseoee|eeeeeee
it Grand total ....|51,214 $1,734 |131, 044 | 4,736 |3, 305, 670° 78, 523 67, 880 | 2,715 |2,572, 811 |$66, 101
h a.
we F>- Mackerel, d ; Rockfish, : :
We Bee tics and Se rae Perch, fresh. | Rockfish, fresh. maliads Sardines, fresh.
" ratus of capture. =
i Lbs. |Value.} Lbs. | Value. | Value. | Lbs. | Value.! Lbs. | Value.
Seines:
RTO tease Basehor Beersceie AWAIGO) le BE Ae ngamisa serseac bl bocanca! mopcaas Gecrecensa see amas
me wuos Angeles.....-|.....---}.------ 10, 200 15, 756 $563
( PUN Sac tae Seo) ae maces elfen ssi Sse OV leon (8 Boh) seep aes ASRS Se el ory meer te! ec eel |e Gem 5
OE eee See eeere eee 1, 000 2, 000 80
{fy Sacramento. .----- [oteotoch)/saceee pails tile eases eee Ge eel ea cok| Sean aBesd|(Pacaco-
San Diego .......- eee EN cele 16, 193 7, 000 280
~ San Francisco... 197, 125 '1, 070, 000 | 21, 400
. Buraticeees ur RE eae | aa | Soe e niaee lorem sama seem celeste ses eal sass Sete [ed 200 |" wiS60K) 2. sees ee ees
ie “Donth (Ci esses. bees Seasres PReseeGs He ncoe| Boma serie laser esc incre) Oi lair BD Ste See all Seo
i at a)
ae MRohalicwecscsicnliciatessauleueeses 299, 050 1, 094, 756 | 22, 323
Gill nets and tram-
mel nets:
\Los Angeles...----. 25, 105 |
OL TT SAS eee epee seer
Monterey....---.-| 5, 500
; San Diego ..------ 3, 000
Me Ban) Francisco ..<.'.-..---+
“ Santa Barbara... 2, 583
Santa Cruz ...-..-| 2,762 |
s
’ Rotallscc.0s = 38,950 | 1,654 | 36,587 | 1,467 | 661,730 | 16, 657 |---.--- le 2h Sees Bee ies eae
_ Bag nets and paran- |
> zella nets:
Ne enrAN Coles <- 22-15 nn ate ose 7, 000 280 13, 988 BAO etoile ect oton 2, 641 106
; Orange . SOSeIEA hee pEReea oeebeee 1, 320 eo oe ee BARB EEe) Sricmecc oor |oaio zoo
SEE LON a Oe || eee ee 6, 582 DGB eA See Sa Meee ea) sik Seo ool Se Wako] ee ere eee
LUT ONIGISCO ss. [E cease inc Nol ho see esl escion LO0n405)140) ONG 12s Ses 5 Ls eee eee
Santa Cruz So ABO Te aur) See aes Ss |e eee Se emer
Wenturs) =. ...-s0- 5, 380 PG), |e 2 Sas ees Sy 7 ako eee Dotceees
tiotalch ences o.|\- aces oe |5 ccc 14, 902 597 | 155, 023 6/200 |osses: jeteteee | 2, 641 106
_ Fykenets and minor | |
= nets:
mee eoacramento......-|....-...|.-.---- 3, 310 LOGE reece tise cis oe learatcte sa at ars Jrcetttecseisctees
~ Lines: |
nsec TNA ee Bees Beene eee eel Eee ce 26, 115 Toil tsead | 924451, eee ea
y Los Angeles...... GIS 1999 G03: sees ees S066) le a19, |aeten alc aes ]k eee mt Sa
Monterey....-.-..- UE Fa LIU ere 480) | Bemobricn hecmoos 574, 428 | 11,500 |30, 750 | Li 2BO! |sececisetac seeeeme
range). -------.- SMOUOT © L20)s| Shee see 6, 000 PU ee ERS pense ead ee ae eee Oe ne
~ San Diego ........ AOS0g| |) S20 |e a aeaas eres | SHAOOOM MOO tose ee loses. | eee enn
SIL LAE (aeem SERRE Megane (aise eid | ear S01 6200 Paros” |astette|= canoes Saaee ee an et eee
7 San Luis Obispo... | 95, OGM Ss S50 Woes seme eres see 79,000} 3,065 | 4,000.) . 200'|.222.2--.-|2 222-2.
' Santa Barbara. . 2, 262 1 Sa) PS ES eter vee” ee meee 3; 388 | AGH) |ioeee sees a |hae see
, Santa Cruz ....... WMbaiie |): 858) | Segoe seceas ee BALD TAG PD CATH ease gs thes ce ale aetna [Ce
‘ Sonoma..-.......- Eee bs sia Se | Sea ereeat A Set 3, 375 135 2s seas | - Pasculss emacs aaeeecs
ag SHEED © Sais icaes | aa an at reared oi tore Se Fos se eset 4, 831 192"|23 522m A por 3! Efe heehee eer
a otal Meee oa. . 2768308 (iP DOD | ses e seule eee oe: /1,215,613 | 39, 262 |38, 138 | TBO |kcacise seen eeis
oe Grand total... 315,253 |13, 249 |353, 849 15, 908 2,032,366 | 62,120 |42, 553 2, 558 | uf 1, 866 1, 097, 397 “99, 429

172

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Table showing by counties and apparatus of capture the yield of food-fishes in the shore or
boat fisheries of California in 1889—Continued,

Counties and appa-

Salmon, fresh.

Salmon, salted.

i re Silver. eelhead. ilver.
natas of capture. Chinook. ee ry Steelhead " Silver
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.|} Value. | Pounds. | Value. «
Seines: at |
DelMNorte-.22 2.2... 105,458 | $2, 676 189,205 | $3, 543 48, 750 $728 |owesihaeaaelllascmeers
Jeg yoilne a oapo|lGeanon cea monbadoseens 580, 441 17, 414 193, 480 5, 804 225,400 | $8, 916
Shastaseseccckeee ss 28, 760 MEO Erseroara versie |eiors Sep taetalio cre eicia is tarial Seo ere ala ore Wo ee ee oe | eee
Nehamaeeeecces oe 118, 145 DODD cH Bret. heelys) oe Bic arched m mene Mis de RR Pas te |
r Totalees-eesee 252,363 | 6,351 | 769,646 | 20,957 | 242, 230 6,532 | 225,400] 8,916
Gill nets and tram- ciate | re ey
mel nets: | |
¢ Contra Costa .---.- B95 nt M27 SB Ol ere popes cessel eecrern a5 Iossborebas [etc cee ee elec ee eee
Del Norte 222. -c2e6 113, 417 B02 ike be ee see | etiyejecmieis adnce(Pe sietous seis verel| see eae pe ese net eke Oe
Humboldt
IN hab epee yee ae
Sacramento
San Francisco
SOLWMNGo ener eee ee
NONOMArceetis ce sere
otalees Jeo e eee 6,489,417 | 263, 525 596, 074 19, 869 198, 691 3, 974 210, 200 8, 408
Lines: aa ate 7 | | ‘| rs
Monterey-........- 10, 098 GOG I eee terme sree) ore ree PE Sere Seneca eral Perse ewes ise), |
Nanbal Orwz7- so. cone 13, 552 OH seb seGe ats lo Beco sedlacessoee ee oeaaacemer|Sacmoon sce Scbecoss
iopalemeees cee: 23*/6501| Neao 16) eee ms |e nee ees ee ee eee emcee
Grand total....} 6,765, 430 | 271, 092 |1,365,720 | 40,826 | 440,921 | 10,506 | 435,600 | 17,324
Sea bass, i e Striped bass
Camnsearied ape Sea bass, fresh. Balteae Shad, fresh. Smelt, fresh. Paks
ratus of capture. rt
Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. \Value. Lbs. |Value.} Lbs. | Value.
Seines: | | |
Tih) Chi peacesese Secse ood mabeooe seacsa55|onoocas 300 | $30 29;:500°| (S788aleeaseeca| eee
MGGSPAMN PCOS oa scis ale. pepe eel aaraianrel le ara etaatellomvereinie= eee ee eee ce 90:/976) 34639) a5 sae eee eee
NIG in Gree a ere ee eee Meee aa Aa ouea neers lee Sees 46 1520') (611860 seep meee
COAT Ci ea aiaiatarare | = = we ne feea steeiataiere liars arse eiats |eseieincl eye aie ae Ne arse 9, 385 B10: | 5am 55e=c}Seeeeee
NAMED ICC Olas a ao0-c)27-||,aacc ate Wemscer emcee Deemee « | ees nema 9, 000 360, ||. 24428 See
SMUT ATCC O crap ee | rare ole ee eet eae Slee oie] eintemsintors eee 1 cvaeeeee 139)9784155 599) | 2s ee eee i
SFERATLIED De }aWe| Af aes ye aes (emer eal Ts SC ia Ue ete ee ae oe eae 3, 380 TGS! |e ude Fe ale eee
1B ay SEN a es (aS Pl eS | a a 300 30 3281789 2 oO! |e nes | eee
Gill nets and tram- al |
mel nets:
Contra Costan one --|--2ecees|secee=- [Sacdsnoclbcodcod 96; 72206318600 |Poe esas seme 13, 776 | $3, 443
Los Angeles....... PSEA fl eae a a ee eee ose nena (Serct acu 30, 8201) 8 403i) Jee eee
Meine anaes 33; a9 A Bonn ee cee eed SNe a Seal are ABS 50) elie 740) | eas sociale
MMOnteLe yee er cence | see eme |acmanan: eae Seate|e aeemeeray [one oeseeell Peer $3) 258) 30380) oon seal eee
NACLAMEN TOs sania sede n ee ce | tie nell yetacreaene al aoa ape 18, 224 9B. Ihe 20s -ijare aiateille ese =| Sree cee eee
San Diego ........ 3, 000 TD OM ence eit a etatie's|| emis eta aero 3,110 D2 | sjpete pees sae
San Francisco..... B20) VOOM LS OOO |=\aece eres eee eee 61, 072 | 2; 443 559, 914 |22, 396 1, 560 390
San Luis Obispo. ..| 52,180 | 1,820) 2,500| $125 |........|....... 28°060))| 21980) eee etes eee
Santa Barbara..--. 5, 418 PAS epee eee | Gs fe OR Te et ooh 2, 810 4" Semrenalee eeere
Samba Om 7 Sick alse cook ea See ee eee eee oe 20, 264 $10 18, 600 (4D le waa deptelleeastieee
DOlANO ee eee es nsce oa. se euleeeceee Jveeeeee[oeceeee 72/206) |: 2) /BS8 ee a-teicisat=collepersteetete 860 240
Heo tale c= =2/== 421,517 |16,646 | 2,500 125 263, 488 10, 803 774, 577 |30,871 | 16,296! 4,073
——=s = = | SS = ——— 6
Bag nets and paran-
zella nets:
@ontralCosta ce. c=. ccscece [reeeeee }Sfaratatetayese\ eratelaceoyellleraiatetere see etree VBOS012 1250701 Seer |eeeeeae
ios Angeles....---|.....-.-. esariacs Beas Sac Memes loeceomrc| Sareabe 19, 000 AGO) noe ees nee
IWIGii) So AS Seas SeSe GeAtOnees Cc O5D OS 4 CEe Sr Eee Sees ne bmcceess| epee = DFO 300 274 0 Saeco a ee
Onanvemes cece == | aes e 2 a ase ane lee ee eierl lise eerline ae etenellluciseiere 8, 420 SE aoe a IBee ore
Sinn. Ma eictene Seal Meaeseselicgcndeetacer ood enosselleeousces| seoscn 256;'690))| 457492022025 ee eee
Sin 4 Eas eee eease Bae aee ncaeeac erorebe ace sel eee cee [seers PAS TO TON ed eASon | eye eae | ete
TOPS ES ESA P| | SRS it Ree Gaia 812,162 113, sg2i |<) | ee
Lines: cae hol aes oe,
Los Angeles......- 8, 332 BG BM ees Gey yl See Aan Resear! UE eye aA es ganar, lb eye sone Sea eee
(OUR iVEye ER a a ee 3, 000 P20 nk teckel ess cpjerale ere eter eek tae Were dso ee Scien ll Se eee | eee
San Diego..-..:... 8, 748 SH esetoood\codstellocrsocha|rosaces BROCE oOeeo Reseed Basar soritoscasc.
Santa Barbara..... 6, 490 B20! es Sesece| face Sal eye er tees ee [Eee relaicte le te | sects al 2 ee ae
A/G (he eee eae 4, 760 tO a ee oeecalleocemerae eee eee eee |.------|-- 2-222 -Jes-e ++
Toa ee 81,830) 15 814)|s. lceccleccekos| skeen len bop) iin ca) el an
Grand total. . ..|452, 847 [17,957 | 2,500 | 125 [263,788 |10, 833 /1, 915, 478 |57, 492 | 16,296 | 4, 073,

:
4

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

173

Table showing by counties and apparatus of capture the yield of food-fishes in the shore or

boat fisheries of California in 1889—Continued.

Counties and appa-
ratus of capture.

Seines:

Del Norte
Humboldt
Los Angeles
Marin

Orange
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
Santa Barbara

Gill nets and tram-
mel nets:
Contra Costa
Del Norte
Humboldt
Los Angeles
Marin
Monterey
Sacramento
San.Diego
San Francisco
San Luis Obispo- --
Santa Barbara
Santa Cruz
Solano

Bag nets and paran-

zella nets:

491, 471 |15, 184 |

Sturgeon, Yellow-tail, | Yellow-tail, Other fish, fresh Total
fresh. fresh. salted. and salted. he
|
Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.; Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.
2 Be 9 see Atte lL BSL A ie AER a RE ee eR Up lb Soo 343, 413 | $6, 947
Seabee Hoke S55 ero ol Saree Screg) eos s, 5) yer somes |e eer 1, 184, 721 | 30, 115
Be eee eel are crieiel (Se eh oerae |-------|-------|-------| 16,362 | $654 | 177,384 | 7,027
a Seca Sehiscscse-llsSocne-c) Sess Meas Se | Seakeoe poccecoad eee Gac: 192, 249 | 7, 670
cescasndliacaces Aligeneso danse dls S4ise| see Bee bee paocec|lasdascc 16, 080 635
Bee el See a Alege eso aol ea Aa a [ea 51, 087 | 1, 257 62,123 | 1, 669
Soses eta. L oo) See teo||eaace cae Sasa |scqeeae 17, 900 716 73, 293 | 2,931
laa yetapta [Re merck eta loa ctore a fieiee o) site ater ciliate ore 7, 075 406 |2, 054, 965 | 58, 421
arapeatapliere cece 13,280 | $660 | 2,750 | $188] 15, 432 750 39,582 | 1,948
ieee [Eee A eel Mal hal lPce ce al en led sielaee oe oll aleue 3,215 211
SB kai Ra enne SEO SEeee eSsouee loge eee Gon cand aastcoet sdepeere 28, 760 720
Se erisinnel eeeenens| Hesies beg aq |Sacron a) eo emo ese pea secenae 5, 500 22!

Peeve Seneca aiclagels cl eae eel setae etoile a ciotel| ayer deters] calcio 118,145 | 2,955
Bein tace Poles 3 4 13, 280 660 | 2,750 138 | 107, 856 | 3,783 |4, 299, 421 |127, 469

3, 570, 784 |143, 095
113, 417 | 3,402
1, 004, 965 | 32, 251
67, 207 | 2,688
222,304 | 8, 880
830, 407 | 19, 782
169, 650 | 11, 693
80, 822 | 3,230
3, 813, 368 |139, 995
82,740 | 2,925
34,101 | 1,700
92,276 | 3,711
'2, 221, 162 | 87, 302
26,810 | 1,610

12,330,013 |462, 264

Contra Costa....-- Booodpoed|: Gece Spoodo. Hau oGeH Soodeas| ane oc 192, 622 | 2,795 771, 845 | 11, 603
Los Angeles.......|.---..-. y 153, 343 | 6,133
Lh EO ee ae eel ere ae 1, 026, 767 | 15, 402
MMIGIILOT OY; = 1-112 2fa!o sis ||n/<1 ams 116,480 | 3,355
MIAN O% eae sca 2 = 2[-<--2 > 14, 979 567
San Diego..-.....- 8, 582 345
San Francisco..... 1, 723, 625 | 29, 431
San Luis Obispo... 10, 360 506
SHict WUT pes Bess oe ctoeeiee | |e eee tometer anaes (oa p aes lame cel 315, 665 | 4, 564 |1, 283, 458 | 19, 452
Seta cae OT CUZ eee ca | sacle See hoa Ma | ao wince erate kin ets Saale stays Srateie ell ase cietae ol taera eters 68,350 | 2,734
WG Fg: Ne Serge eeseel eee tee ge Sis 2 oallaibs ce cellars ciayecs hatemre siete Perera 3 6, 733 262 14, 248 565

TG tales eter ae sees ee Ss ee tL Te Wat wcorleaa dupe 1,246,109 |19, 420 |5, 191, 982 | 90, 093

Fyke nets and minor
nets: .

Moria Costa: s2-)sececs0.)eee0c 00% | acirera aia etal aiarste Coie tae arava WA toe ae 12, 022 361 23, 936 718
PEMOMHINGITLO! acon eect sc lecmeee cle tere cee macetine meceeeciceseome 149, 639 | 3,564 | 182,185) 4,784

CSTE RSe Seems scrine non GASeae BEEsoccs G-ieee feceree ene ae 161, 661 | 3,925 | 206,121 | 5,502

Lines:

MBERRAMC OSTA esate ns Oty SOL. | 12) C2502 Sotelo cae ee.| seemcete| ace sstletece oe |lseeeien's 87,491 | 2,625
BAERTIOLU Hee tpi oe secice & ac nares ae Ue name maton leenectee (Sle crsiGc.salloteinc cated fiecsnicas 54,145} 2,120
MGS PANIC CIOS. ---- [sence celesseses SONESOR | L226) eee lcecaces 12, 200 488 | 377,587 | 15, 002
“EEG oe Ae eee OSS p Ses MOS SEBe Racer e.n6| beeen al Sosiospe nr arpa) Gene ceeed ercorce 758, 768 | 18, 699
CHU?) Ss ee ere eel (ae 5, 000 0G |laasnee «sacs sere 2, 000 80 22, 192 885
Sn LORGYANG ee ee see Meee 36, 000 | 1,440 [53,081 | 1,858 | 28,000 | 1,120 | 415,767 | 15,904
San Francisco..... Be OD AGL Alle ser Sc] leecionod tocedea ineeeome 80, 300 | 1,657 | 609,359 | 24, 638
pb bots) QT tease Be csoes 4 boosted ppfoce:4 oecsead lesosoou lceeraos| seaceames deccee =} 201 (G86) hes8 025
Santa Barbara.....}-.. Bd Heperte 12, 116 605 | 2,412 120 3, 955 198 122, 582 6, 105
SmI TPZ Stee me aioe sree os cones aes eee | aac <8 | ot aise | miata cintsl| ete'a ts wje'e| oeaiapiere 102, 837 | 4,130
Balmoues/ oes ee BSMTOBN tL: 7260 eae etna mee ie Aue. (Saale. lb Sk eiie LIL E SSS 58,198 | 1,746
S101 aaa en Re ree ceil ae eae ac eC oneaal Betiaccicl MeSencel GeEceorea eerie 3, 375 135
RUT TLB Ses See Sloe Seta el skew ere 4, 362 ga ee ic Rece ol eter | eeeicoe 35, 395 1, 440

SROUS S - 32s orsia 202,179 | 6,066 | 88,128 | 3,636 [55,493 | 1,978 | 126,455 | 3, 543 |2, 859, 382 101, 454

Grand total... .\693, 650 |21, 250 |101, 408 | 4,296 |58, 243 | 2,116 |1,703,091 |32, 834 |24,886,919 |786, 782

_

Si a

174 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Table showing by counties and apparatus of capture the yield of food-fishes in the shore or
boat fisheries of California in 1590,

et

Anchovies, Barracuda, Barracuda, BonitoeimeshelbBonikomsalccad
Counties and appa- fresh. fresh. salted. z 3 ‘
ratus of capture. =
Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. | Value.) Lbs. Value.| Lbs. | Value.| Lbs. | Value.
E | 2 i
Seines:
San Francisco ..-.. BE dan merit fiie pees sess | od atons eiadog saellasonoodlasccseosluceraadiconpescscllsosccs:
Gill nets and tram- ri 3 pres i,
mel nets:
Monterey...--.-----|--..-.--|------- iehobtey RIE TIEN) eee scr Secouas! ea snhepoliocaneelsaanoasedllooos 2. t
San Diego). << --|- 2-9 selec Sw OPA Wal, RENE I eae Galiagseeas Ny 260") (SBT8 "Se see eee
San Francisco ----. NO) ee e P-APYe Bene ae leeches paoceoned||eaesoss sac eemalbeceacelloonce saasiacbocs:
Santa Barbaras<2 S|. .0 s5sen| Sore SUIS: Stel a eae Re be oe 26,945 | 1,340 | 2,425) $115
Total secnen carer 101, 250 | 2,025 | 49, 678 OSI a ee aneseewasee 34, 905 | 1, 658 2, 425 115
Lines: a eae - he 4
MospAMP eles! semen | seer emer | eee nC ORO Gat Ge eoee Sac SeccSe alec bmoese scerabe seme soacic|Sodous-
(OreMya@) - ocetosbeotalesssee Sloesenoc 3, 000 IWAN eae a6 accllasoeceseecocoded (sauesacibrecscsed|lstoncs |
SamsDiero cere cole ee seleeeias 102,180 | 4,085 | 438,440 |$1,520 | 27,080 | 1,083 | 67,785 | 2,873
Sanne Obispo-s.|" = seer assesses 22, 705 120 ||| weoxecics|seese=al eee c enemas 2, 200 110
Santa Barbara -.--- |--------|-----=- GOD EVES CU Ne ore Seas essere 25, 872 | 1,278 2, 147 110
Santa'Cruz .....--. nasedanalgeee sa 3, 731 82)| 2s Shs. tae eles eee ee bee cach erecta re. a| eterna
WienbuUraes.-c- 2 -- jadoccs se Senons 11, 415 A BON ee ereeiseam eames 5, 726 PAE A Aporoecle-sccc-
a a ae MRR EER - {345,560 [14,284 | 43, 440 | 1,520 | 58,478 | 2,579 | 72,192 | 2, 593
Grand total . .../135, 000 | 2, 700 [395, 238 |16,645 | 43,440 | 1,520 | 93,383 | 4,237 | 74,557 | 2,708
‘ . Cultus-cod, . Flounders, ae
ere eabandl apne: Carp, fresh. Preah Flounders, fresh aaliees Herring, fresh.
ratus of capture. = S| =
Lbs. | Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. /|Value.
Seines:
rom bolditis schist |Pal Poee | eecoee a lloe eentaine scteeiaers 156)(599: $3827 |Eo ees leee eae 11, 150 $223-
MoseAmg eles ==-<2|a2ceeea| te ses] saeceece saree ee 2, 637 110535) Sess eee |e eee 28,000 | 1,120
TET aS Bees eee Spas PSs ese cel eer am) [ants As | am ON 62,180 | 25480! | sesse alee oer 28, 279 1,131
Wran Pores ea2 Bos! =|eebe ses eee sors eee asec. 2, 687 100) (26 ssa eeeeeee 4, 325 172
Sacramento... .----- 141-590) $406" | see ees (eee Sree eee ee en peed Pe soa asclisceccanisacé ae -
Saya IDeA Sb esl ecard sceaeas|eseccanolssaqcee 4, 263 BAY Pease [a 14, 000 560
SAnPE NAM CISCO a5 2-1.) geass bees |e eee See Seer 20833708 8.3008 aaa eee 485, 860 | 7, 288
PAN vavsar PALA: eo5| 6 eee | ease ae | eee nee neces 2, 813 1 eee eee al eres cocliobeoc -
MONOM Aes coasters cso ese alleeee ssl eice tears cesar 6, 190 PAN se 5 lowe clita ets aoa eee
Mobaliss be <a inSg0) NRCS cere |one we.-| 445, 739 [14,711 |e... Giesaae | 571,614 | 10, 494
Gill nets and tram-| ind i i ke fee 4
mel nets:
Los Angelés..-+-.-|... Bealls 6 yale aelliarava sfavacetell syaiesavereilletevanatyretarsimcn| eievaratetetall ets afterall aieters ere 2, 500 100
AVE ire yey eheyeve reeves) cecil /2 ey eal levered jarercyetrsics fall steverenereel| eralereereerere [lee tersieteee |e eee ee eee 56,572 | 2, 262
Montereye. 2) /25.- elt era Pee tee ene 188(323)) 31800 \ eases ae eees 3, 920 196 —
SamiDiee ov cie sce ee lsisereis =| Shere Sei [oe re iste ete tere Sie eam eee eee | ate ie rene eee eet 6, 000 240
San Wrancisco-.=2-'=|\)-see 4-2 ee 27, 538 |$1, 105 | 418/572) 116,850) 2-2 =e) 22 eee 1, 457,580 | 21, 863
Dan van rng eee 35 | eter noe eas | Nosteeleinclaece mer 265950))| O85 seems pete ate | eer se sigd| Seema
Total peee.. Seo |h 6 aoe Re -| 27,538 | 1,105 | 633, 845 (21, 734 |_.._.. |... |, 526, 672 | 24, 661
Bag nets and paran- , | 7 ae al i ne
zella nets: | -
Contra Costa .-...-- ngona|laacooue ofefalafataate | tatateverate 285;.550) | 4) 283) | cc ainewclineem c= - 214,129 | 3,212
Los Angeles...-...|------.|------. eager eta 4 Meee te 1295929 nb 97 eos Sees emcee 17, 500 700
SIICor ari: Pep 19 Sa shale UT STB G 00m Agee) | Mee aes |e 284,100 | 4, 261
NVEOMUGTOY 2 ence sets | te Mee ee alstaiarsl amines etal esieieaee 65, 450
(Chenihey?) ano a Sec cee passene lsaaesece \eoakeeoclloeeoc a 4, 586
San Diego 1, 815
San Francisco 567, 702
San Luis Obispo. -. 7, 040
San Mateo 473, 085
Santa Cruz 35, 250
VETTE: 53 ,fo:- «1a ga's 2, $73
OTA actos eee vee |ecee ae 22, 460 895 |1, 952, 180 |34, 614 |30, 534 1, 222 |1, 300,638 | 19, 841 ©
Fyke nets and minor [a Meno <s | coelaa lta Posen wae loniy Reon! etn 4
nets: :
Contra Costa ...--- 12, 209 BBG | yetaere aa etatocwatsrel GravarateletoteraAil\ ra ntave static stavere eral atetaraversrel eters ae(ererniel|| rare :
Sacramento..-.-....- 34, 314 |, 202 i. Me SSeS eee eee te dame cella eos 2 |e eee seas on6 Sees eee f
Fitba ties 2S Wweibo5 "| aseag)| lone ee nee Aha ses bee aletee. alata es {
SS SS ==

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 175

" Tabie showing by countics and apparatus of capture the yield of food- fishes in the shore or
boat fisheries of California in 1890—Continued.

. Cultus-cod, Flounders, Flounders, | ue 5
Counties and appa- Carpjdnesh. fresh. fresh. salted. | Herring, fresh.
ratus of capture. |——— ae us
Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. Value. Lbs. |Value.
Lines:
PM DOldg = 25 = = Seem 2- = -em sie = 20,280 | $710 | 7, Doe] s SOmon| eee scipaoed aaqenes a aH|lese=.-S5
I SPNGTO PICS (oe = esi ane ciel ee wise mie |r ~e BD OL le 220i lee see el ee cere ecaneesea||oecc one
[un SIGE eeeocecison aeensad Feaceod ESeese salle Seer 57, 682) de Ub2 Nils, id: | S520") Pace en ee ol eee
(J DSU) eek eeecechlleeeen se bose sel bee ss eelleee 5o5- 1, 725 Yi) PESROA Bese ee Peace ssl cccce
Ben aN CISCO. = =.a5[a- foc. WS. 2S 97,480 | 3,573 3, 340 S80M ote ose |eesnser (hee hacia eee
Eee IGISICO ISP Ome | text cette seer srt lie. clatnis, toe ee elmo 8, 000 OB Oiwersealtese Sec | 2s k eee | Rear
Santa Barbara 3, 485 LON eee se ne es ce SR ee |e eee
Santa Cruz ...-.--- | THESTOM | GRR |e oes LO ea ee
TT eee ee ae 117, 760 | 4,283 | 152,982 | 5,500 |13,115| 525 |..........|.-..-.-
Grand total ..../68,113 $1, 974 |167, 758 | 6, aca 184, 046 '76, 559 |43, 649 | 1,747 3,398, 824 |$54, 996

Rockfish,
salted.

Mackerel,

Counties and appa- fresh.
ratus of capture. |—
Lbs. Value.) Lbs. | Value.) Lbs. Value.| Lbs. | Value.| Lbs. Value.

Perch, fresh. | Rockfish, fresh. Sardines, fresh.

e |

Seines: |
BOT DOLL <0 0/0\-.5 22] 0s a0 08 [ernie VALLE) || SSE RE) peee teed |Gncnadel Skaecnae|sanapee oe oseto sisal adetas
os Angeles: --:-..|--s..-.. Kaper rac Metres aU) DSS ead ceccte lor ois ell etter | aie sew ee kB (33) $791
No SS ee eer ee ey es AT Oo |e GIOUl acre neem meal cess. lee =a esac ee ee sanimee
ARE Os RSS Sos reeser | erence gale 1 (Dy yes eRe 28) gS Sab a Uf 5, 035 200
Sacramento. .-....../--- sae Beeeme ate Pi esa aun Geaooe o see ened BSeee oe lepeeemnm sols drtcer
Dal Diego....-.-.-. las SEE Es ape 12, 320 Cg ane nes eee lpABha aA snes 5, 000 200
an Francisco. 222-2 .2+2=-|----<61 Pas, 108 (12,405 |......-.- ase) ase eel eee '1, 280, 000 | 19, 200
Manta SArPaAra: |. -2sc0s)2c-cn5. Pees pee See Seteaeeiee | SER Oe ta 1, 087 $a ssa. Bah a eeeaeee
Bn acne sa las kone eae seca. ef cesces : SMe ABHESAe comes 3, 000 150 Pee eee
SE oe ei inic e Saas Cie acrae 340 6985155808! [2s = ee eee 4, 087 204 |1, 309, 800 | 20, 391

Gill nets and tram-
mel nets:
Los Angeles..----- SIO CASE uh Meme erels cee Sie see ence lice ecient ee eae loeaaaee: | Sesetare tees tens eres
oh LETTS i, Soe eae Se Ree ore BEROS2 NT ISEO) S525 poate a eeeer es ee ee |e eee | Soeyoicts oot eee
MMMONILCTOY 252-655 25-1. 2-2 a a'6 | |
aT DIOLO°. 22225 --+ 2, 680 |
Pee EC ATICISCO o> = ='.\[eis-= <2 sei | acbkicte -
Santa Barbara..... 1, 463
Santa Cruz -.------ 2) 945 |
RRotall2 2555525. 42, 880 | 1,756 | 34,082 | 1,360 | 720, 566 |18, 003 |.......|...-...|..---.---.|....---

Bag nets and paran-
zella nets:
MAOSTANPOLOS= < ose == 20ie <in|'scne ce = 12,799 | 512 17, 434 GC SdeSebel lsoeonae 5, 000 200
TIDE Ses Ae eae eee DG ae LO} |b eee ee |eae eee eee eceel bese cas |steeeieees Wee oe
San Diego .......-- eee eee 5, 710 PP}: ae EE het eal Serene AAAS BaeeeereealeCe oo
San Francisco ..... re torercke roel |r el eit sie es seen 99) (055i) [32 GOB) lies sae ae Qsee oe ol Lace cement emer
Santa Cruz........ 8 Na | pra aed he ecko pate 46 S250 Me Gyan eee nee neneee ea eee
Wontura ...../:.2--. Ne ee oo (eee ee SN ee 7, 750 SGN Eee ee eee eee tee tees
"TE GcES coe 5 ea ara en re 21,417 | 850 | 171,064 | 6,888 |.--. =. to see 5, 000 200
Fyke nets and minor
neis:
PRCRMINe NUON TS 2x ce lao eeecs co ese << 4, 232 DB in | eememcree eee |e ace scales cee Reece eres [errs meres
Lines:
Humboldt ......... Ie Woeeiad ee eeene esceroc acer 24, 968 749) [ee cece. cite kee} ve sees deal tomers ere
Los Angeles...-.--- 134, Be aA OO" laces al eee ers ASS OBI ee GENO Niece fice ey a leverentrete eet | ee ster
Monterey..-....--. Boke | 2000 a2 eee alee sae 658, 338 |13,155 |18, 200 TAB |Poncs scsca|seeeeee
Grange =..2.- 5... 6, 000 DAO. See eats eee ae 15, 000 (111) eee Beard eee See eel oe a ae
San Diego ....-.--. 5, 510 PAU Bosaceed| seecsod BONO Uie bes 20 aie secrete ||iorerocittarl ie ote emia nins| ie eet
iL, DOR Ci aneg po Se aap eens PSPS [sar yeseene SESH 4OLtLTAGTOF | see cates Sean oko Se cece ecco
San Luis Obispo. ..| 82,310 | 3,030 |........|....... 75) LOGs| PSs OL0n ib, 000s |= e250) pee enone slemen ce
Santa Barbara..... 1, 620 BOs ee ince Ale os ois 3, 429 0 Pals SNS Se el ea oe
Panta Cruz ....-.-- 7, 550 | BB Meters eee (See ee 87 A0bN tS) 4600 ci oecc.c| ect ek (Seco ecal caren
DRONE tee oe ciate bial ticrcloe oe aie cereinio| bie kid achalle es winless 4,515 ASO Sco Se ee el SER er eee ole
“ULE LIGI ee eee | eee ee tere meses 7,316 200" ee aeer |e suc clk Se ebe asa
CLUE oa ee Boe G84: TO: O42) oe eels an 1326; 358) (40. O26) 26629" |r) 150) |Ssetehe rs eeeee
Grand total. -. ./311, 564 12,698 |400, 429 /18, 273 |2,217,988 |66, 762 |30, 716 1, 354 |1, 314, 800 | 20,591

: :

176

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Table showing by counties and apparatus of capture the yield of food-fishes in the shore or
boat fisheries of California in 1890—Continued.

Salmon, fresh. Salmon, salted.
Counts ae es Chinook. Silver. Steelhead. Silver.
— — i
Pounds. Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
Seines: ; A
WelNorte.-s-<--- = - | 149,666 | $4,490 250,375 | $4, 227 51, 875 STTT Wok dew seen see eee
Humboldt ...-..--- [9's cP ea a 460,272 | 15,343} 153,423] 3,068] 91,342] $3, 654
Shasta acscatoseses 25, 825 Ce RE SerS Oc SC5| BeCE Sarre Coceepmerc seeecrers ISerseridac||Sacceic-.>
Meh am aie eras ser 125, 860 By TAT oe Ss we cie cis aa| sas cits cdl cetetes esate se ete ccatel a etetarectee | eee
Motaltsesacescse 301, 351 8, 283 710, 647 19, 570 205, 298 3, 845 91, 342 3, 654
Gill nets and tram-| i | es - i i
mel nets:
Contra Costa .-.----! 15423;/880)s)) 56,9553, ||ece cee coeullnen eee ceenacecet Men eane se eee cece Eee
Mel Norte... -2- 542: 195, 584 Si 867 wiecse Base |S cette Dae ace eel. ee Weepeeeae saecdcca>-
ehogrl ok eesccenac|aecons socerolriodcsoS 5 474, 305 15, 811 158, 101 3, 162 75, 658 3, 026
Marin’ set aoe ns oe 22, 110 SSO le eee ee Bere Ree eee ee eet Ne eee |x. c/ncteiseaetal|ie pets eee
Sacramento...----- 145, 540 TOSSB Wise eerste LeU opse ste cSeclletise eee ee ace meee Papen trl ee tf
San Francisco -.--. 218, 426 CH CHE | SCSeE ene Scr BECr conor ERAS eneHen |p amaecca seeccossSellatconc<
Solanomettm-osseee tt St0305580)\|, 41 (203% se 2 eo es oer |e nite Shetie ee loc = es taste eee
SONOMA se esso= sae 21, 375 DA DBS) [eee eesti ee [ae te rae. a ere wate petal Se oors oral eee ae ea
otal c= 22, 3,057,495 | 125,133 | 474,305 | 15,811 | 158,101| 3,162) 75,658) 3, 026
Lines: G wa
Monterey -.-------- 8,770 GVARi sebooposcace Jeseacetce BEARS sesin eeesaoeee Wppepenasaglascooce
santa) Cruz --------| 12, 500 bt | ee Oe eat eRe Meemicceacna Isomers a (Fo oe woos ae
Ti) 9 Tp ae 21, 270 4h AAOrGl eee Carte, | eae Ped ae em
Grand total....| 3,380,116 | 124,492 | 1,184,952 | 35,381 | 363,399 | 7,007| 167,000| 6, 680
Sea bass, « Striped bass,
Couniieg and “ano Sea bass, fresh. Se aitede Shad, fresh. Smelt, fresh. trash
ratus of capture. |
Lbs. |Valve.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.) Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. | Value.
Seines: |
Jel ob S Sceoeael a crces sal laanceree Iebeemeelasacaen: 250 $25 28; 160 |) (S7O4ue Seale aera
IL @ SVB TES) Ci esl er ome Berane ee ee areca eopeaod ecaaDeS 90512011 S605: leeereeeees eee
INGaTINes aso. asccee 3 ease Ses eat PS | Pe ee BA S| ee ee eS 195060) ||| 1.680; | Sean eee | Pease
(OMehNGdS) Ge choca es aonodalloscdoncs|boousaaa|ocogeod |poboocoadlsccoanns 10, 890 ABD))||2 ots ost ere
SH DIED) 2 eace aeee| ore ona aadonello sec sorbosodds| scence oclos=scne 7, 800 812 || <i oe aeee eee
Sapp hTran Cis COs. <2c lo aaceserlkene as laseecees |scaee rc | onee mee laces 1415730) | 5; 669) ||... eee eee
Shiai Ph eehe ere ease eee sp sos sae esallosses6ihecsoaas|lpoansoas|raceas 2, 287 T5 5 | poses eee
pentane cot eee ale aren ees ae «|. 250 |__.95 | a3) 087: |12) 500") ence eee :
Gill nets and tram- | z F enie VW
mel nets:
Contra Costa .....-. eae eae Rene Gee sesety sere Seeee ice LOZI2TG Ua OBO Mee payee 15, 715 | $3, 143
AUOSVAMPELES ose Sallis nas sel |anie sie S781) SSIb ieee laces 42640. || TOU ie Seen ee eee
Wichelihe as ee SeaaeSee BOLSBD APIS ZOOM Se ce ea ee eee ep eotees eilatat=r = 49-2304) O40) er eres er ows
NUON TAN etaoae BAe Aeer ead aces AASBesecllaaerocs||becos564|maboac. LOT; VBE 4 287i |e one ee eee
SHO ING Uh S 5655 4 RaaReEee mecca Ee acagel brmerscn 15, 960 958) accor <3 Race 54 8
San Diego ..-.......| 2,915 1K Perse een Coane aAppecon cise 2, 286 OL | 2.232582 see eees
San Francisco ..... HUG a OC ON adie SOOM crmemers eet senee 116, 942 | 3,508 | 566,922 |22,676 | 3,132 626
San Luis Obispo--.| 50,315 | 1,750 | 2,800 We) eis pcsso|sseasce 25,115 GG) | Sebesessiooassa<
Santa Barbara..-..) 3, 875 geht |Seenstellosencsalooreas 2, 500 25s) sce eeeoaes
Santana. sete cc| cose cco |eaeemonlon moar teeeeee 24, 880 995 21, 437 (ay Beereed ericicccc
SOLAN Oe a2 nae ane e aia Woda sieve mre eine casa sere e cletere | ee teet 5738927) 425316) | ee eee eee 1, 218 244
ata ho '282, 470 |11,061 | 6,581 | _°91 (817,890 |11,866 | 809, 314 [32,255 | 20,119 | 4, 021
Bag nets and paran- 5
zella nets:
Contra! Costa <2. -.-|-=225..- BSCR ase Bese sees Sercsaeseeesacs scccacs TAS O0n| Qed WSs cl Seer
Los Angeles..--.-- ere ome eee caesar See sce et| ners Breuer | cham 495000) W980) emcee eee
INIGIOI 2h Se Por See Maere oe Sere eck beenbee SSrSsueo raebeacd mecceas 195;4.00)1(42,930) || jscen em eee
Oran eerese cae aaa esha See ayallooge code) Sesame pockoesa ass. 25 9, 825 BEBISoechoalo-see 53
Saneliran CIsCOs cel cinacm ace Seen |e ceo eeearee aos seen | aaaeee PAL BP! By il is see 7) pee
San MiaheOssosesjee|Seasacee Jeane spe|fonaen soe [esa |For e see | eae eee 943780011 3\855 sack eor eee
bly pals. fc) ilo ak i Sale ee Le Ga] ee ache eae | 944,058 ie 531,| "2, coe
Lines: | i i fi ie, i= in
Los Angeles. .-.--- 14, 344 Gi eee ee oe Ser ats | apace apres loaecnccwtnl| (see cote -aecmen eee
Orange ese.) -----= 5, 000 Gi) Saaoo res laco sac beenas aclaceases| Goncsesscalenoaudlaspacss-)- coeds:
San Diego ..-...... 8, 050 Bia sat tee loa eee eee Golo ee! Sasbetes liste Seiaiainielletse sieeis | oes erseel eee eee
Santa Barbara..--. 4,710 DOG) || Tak NE ETE LS eee | ee a Re eee caper SSaeses|EoonceeojacneSo<
Ventura ----.--.... 4, 507 1G fol Beebe aac on) Saemedor Gscaoon leainccetenlieecacate Jseeeeeee|eeeeeee
Mbtall sbeebs Bevel .\s1woor tee aa Ra iach ee Ra Men Gn
Grand total. .../319, 081 |12,560 | 6,581 | 291 |318, 140 |11, 891 2, 073, 599 [61,306 | 20,119 | 4, 021

=m

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

Le

- Table showing by counties and apparatus of capture the yield of food-fishes in the shore or
: boat fisheries of California in 1890—Continued.

Other fish, fresh

Sturgeon,
and salted.

Counties and appa- fresh.

Total.

ratus of capture.
Lbs.

Value.| Lbs.

- Seines:
BIOL INOTLO: <2 000 pecs |eaenanes

“US, Soe ee ie |e tees

EEAMMOOLO! sem ae oi 3 =eicine =e
Bone TaANncisco.....=|--------
Banta, Barbara. .=--|-.-.--..
PMUARONILT <2 =e c a leacce eae

Gill nets and tram-
mel nets:

Contra Costa-....... 195, 695 |

Los Angeles
i ee
WMonterey..----..--
Sacramento...-..-.

San Luis Obispo. ..|.--.----
Banta, Barbara .....|.--.--.-
ABE OTUZ =... =< =|2+---5-:
Deer 202, 443

Bag nets and paran-
zella nets:

montraCosta.......|.-s0.e-s E

dos Angeles.......|.--.----
in eee ao
Monterey-....----.|----.---
OCG Se eee
Ban Diezo.....---.|--------
San Francisco.....|.-------
San Luis Obispo...|.-..---.
Bray Mateo! -2= 082. .|---4--2.
Sante Oruz:..-.---|.2--.2-.
L072 i oe a

’ Fyke nets and minor

Value.| Lbs. |Value.
Coe 451,916 | $9, 494
Pe By 922, 806 | 26, 688
$767 | 166,877 | 6,676
ene} 180,484 | 7,211
eee 25, 109 987
1,310 | 66,505 | 1,799
624} 58,978 | 2,359
363 |2, 404, 678 | 53,925
500 | 35,825 | 1,740
BRL vs: 3, 000 150
646
248
8, 147
3,564 |4,474, 008 |115, 080
11 {1,737,786 } 70,069
195,584 | 5, 867
708, 064 | 21, 999
84,713 | 3,383
222,529 | 8, 862
921, 546 | 21,779
165, 414 | 11, 386
625 | 68,476 | 2,741
1,140 |3, 262, 862 | 91,451
eee 78,230 | 2,765
rae 37,208 | 1,842
Becepee 116,787 | 4,704
a eee 1, 292, 133 | 49, 857
see We 21,375 | 1,283
2, 399 |8, 912, 707 |297, 988
i
3,065 | 856, 635 | 12, 791
2,773 | 301,475 | 12, 059
4,078 |1,136, 400 | 17,051
258 | 104,359 | 2,790
fae 21, 448 843
a eee 7, 525 301
6, 834 |1, 879, 781 | 31, 928
mopar 7, 040 352
5, 142 |1, 419, 255 | 21, 312
ees: 82,075 | 3, 283
77| 17,769 688
22, 227 |5, 833, 762 103, 398

Rg

nets:
stontra Costa.....-.|..-.--.- 380 24, 892 746
SLD ee 3) 813) |, 197,683 || 5,270
URIS Ste eset | See ee 4,193 | 222,525} 6,016

Lines: ?
Contra Costa....... CECA a A id eee al aac el SSC obo REORED Al EOE cee seer eae 39,827 | 1,195
TL ELEGTG lier bbe NRE) Sy SE ISSIR MI ee | TT es ey (GS AO eet |e 52, 761 2, 133
os Angeles.......|....:... 768 | 433,923 | 17,359
Monterey LUGE SCRE SER BB SSF SOC SE ee ERI eee 2] rs trae ceed ieaeiss Be neers [Aa Ace | is cma 797, 367 | 18, 152
BENE o | Maw oosa|o cise ccc 80 42,725 1,710
San LOG SOSH Ree teat 800 390, 580 | 14, '751
San Francisco ..-... 48, 833 1, 416 626, 657 | 24, 448
SRIBEIS OO DISOS Shoe ee eee: Sa tte eee aad beens oeuue see en URIs tds 195,221 | 7,400
Santa Barbara.....|......-. 175 | 122,006 |- 6,081
unt Chitaceresga beeeiar - | aeaeeee Beeerese| atria Meee sen | lamest | aermeeineey lene 126,756 | 5,144
hd) G7 SARUM MEO eee | ts aces eee eee eeceers cleetee calcu cae eek ek 67,480 | 2,024
— LUMTLE. . coopera Seal acre Sea toe Bae Ren eseaigel AR 0h el Sear tea | aI eo 9 | 4,515 180
SDR ER ET ea) fein omen EEL LINGO RO el ON EE oath Ile oeechellaiot serctarca| aeons & 34,244 | 1,376
pus <5. ces 156, 140 3. 233 |2, 934, 162 |101, 953
Grand total. ...|612, 585. 35, 616 |22,377,159 |624, 435
= ¥, R93 —12

178 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Table showing by counties and apparatus of capture the yield of food-fishes in the shore
or boat fisheries of California in 1891.

Anchovies, Barracuda, Barracuda, | . c :
Gienice nd appa. fecahe Si eaiteds Bonito, fresh. | Bonito, salted.
ratus of capture. :
Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. | Value. ©
Seines: 5
San Francisco ----- 36,250 | $483 J---eeee]e------/-- sifees see paeteals|ines casos iceceiets Seis cae oe ae eee
Gill nets and tram- f i
mel nets:
IMONKELO YE epee aes peeeeeae Reese IBEPB bY | foffeb | Soosisd seer | a felere alain sclsia ach Geese ae] Seance | eee
San Diego .--.-.--..-|--------|------- HanO20 002, 10d blemee sss == 2 eee ace. 13, 950 $548) 5222223 S eee
San Francisco ----- 108, 7504) VS63 |. 22 tesa soe saacleceSs sea) -i5-2 see loceiestee seamen ae Ree eee
Santa Barbara, 2)- baleen: sel aere aes eee dee ee eee | ae eee he ss 20,032 | 1,000 | 1, 685 $80
Totals sess 108, 750 | 1,631 | 67,055 | 2,938 |.......-.. hid Sie 33,982 | 1,548 | 1,685 | 80
Lines: 4 4 : fe
WosvAMP eles et -ar)-| =) (=)-m)= =) (er 207 S01 16; S46 le Se oars Sse =e are eomiats ol naeereiers Ets ee eee
(OWNING) 6 Go Sh and Aces) ocedded||deae sa 2, 000 BOM scattereatatale| mich-i=p-ieall siete ser ote eet ee 24
SEM ONGR)oago5 SAeclee segoca|soaad=- 175, 935 | 7, 035 42,578 |$1,490 | 45,950 | 1,838 | 67,549 | 2,371
Sei GO och ir sasscacesoleeeoo ae 49, 800 | 1, 750 5, 500 QD! lle a tapeta |e a 1, 000 50
Santa vbarbardece-4|b- are -4oseere BB COO e200 Marea terteietes lel eerie 20,160 | 1,000 | 2,016 100
Santa Cruz ...-.--- \geeenas seasses 4, 350 MPA Gass Somes | BREA Sr eeeiaa Sab ems aciaac| (esac -
Wii) RiP Sop acne sate Semone oo) Serco oe 8, 610 Sb2) | Season |e ate es 6, 318 240° 5 scicctz | See
otal: sane vane ao cee aotatans 506, 596 18, 695 48, 078 | 1,765 | 72, 428 3,078 | 70, 565 2, 521
Grand total....|145, 000 | 2,114 [573,651 |21,633 | 48,078 | 1,765 |106, 410 | 4,626 | 72,250| 2, 601
Carp, fresh. Cultus cod, | Flounders, fresh. Bloomers; Herring, fresh.

Counties and appa-
ratus of capture.

Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. /Value.| Lbs. /Value.
Seines:
8 Grn KCK Sages5qc0| bacco peocand||boorcesd-cececd 142,878) $2, 84 Til oo e= 3 | seen 12, 000 $240
Toys) ete GS-8 Soe jlo bGce s\igseadsalbocoseauiacaaac- 4, 326 IVS) |lEsseeoobascoss 45,000 | 1, 800
Wee) Ba seer esesonl cose c|lcodasdelscabsoncsososes AO Nits 0 epee oe meses 16, 567 663
(ORR) Sea sScnosal boaysuollanosedaleeeeceas|Sasnsce 1, 815 TON | crt ste | Stee eee 3, 062 120
Sacramento.......- LIBR ieo94.) |e saeee| cer seem os nee emee |2\.cma/ecel| aetes 22 | ee Same Hoe eee | eee
Shin ID GRO a sneer |Soseaestonconds| baaqsboglsanccas 3, 522 iLO Ras Sas lboseacs 25,640 | 1,026 |
San Francisco .....|------- | ee eae eae pees Pere: 1430490 ho Si al See aoe eeee 591,716 | 5,920 |
Sania eb an Daraeacce|s-pee a aeaseeee sees (ose niet 3, 110 153) | o>. cc|-ceecealesaceree ee aeeeeee
SHG oeecsoened| (oseses| becdae | Faeseseco Peaog ec 4, 900 LOG sect ae laste |\s.o a's sateen eee
Totale ree: in 2674 (Masodt Neeneeenleeeecen S157 Ala lONOLON eee eee eee 693,985 | 9, 769
Gill nets and tram-
mel nets:
1W@ey ANE GE oe 48ollscocead| |soooons|pasecacs||esecocc Jpeencco4ss\ hoo sepcllesoobeclsocdoo- 3,500 140
IM IIN se ree lere oe mtalll= wisn ne leimrels sie avers cle wee | miele, ot eines Bist eines | eer eee | erence 33,134) 1,325
WIG ne oodsondsos|boncaesl|pooooodposbacsdltesedsc iets) Pay) PE Beto ser eeske es) eonobesoec) asec.
iin IDG e Goo e A Sodio saaeisl Someone baacedenlessesSe|[ssscgsoe 2ol|sacocod||sonsadel|aceasse 9, 590 384
San raneisco)s<s—4| ees 24ers 32,870 |$1,315 | 288, 840 |11, 674 |.-.----].--=-.- 1, 775, 150 | 17, 760
SantaiOruz ten vcincaleeeaeeelaeaceen ls mec eiss| eeatee = 21, 900 876 | seek occlccs ae ae) seca sere lene
Motels sane 2.25) 22 - sealecsiceee 32, 870 | 1,315 48h O12) |Log oils |\eate eer seer 1, 821, 374 | 19, 609
Bag nets and paran-
zella nets:
Contrar@ostar-o--oe| cease aa aasee | aaieerisee ee eaeer 270; S400 \74 0635 sen emer|saeemoe 203,130 | 3,145
NGOS PA COLES See skies ame son emiioetl eines eel seaman W3i2o0, 25929) |eeeece alsa 19, 500 780
WET baaooh Seeeee Besenee seccced Bocreaan peeaaon B61 120) |S, ANT ase ecielleeeeeet 270,840 | 4, 062
W@AUSR Nicos beeeesn pacenos| ences agaccengllsosnaoe 30, 185
(ORE UE aa niccieeae | Rocnoe S| oSaaces|Eoocsdaa|lcaocacs 3, 530
Same gore asco e bias |soseoee|sias2 sec|oeseeae 1, 537
SangerniCIsCOlss2 aul ecese ce | sees ee 30, 740 | 1,230 | 541, 679
SHaat Wn) O) ons) 560 esas eeecoos||saqqeesel|Scrceoc 11, 216
Dan Mategseo seco sclec aes selec atienetsccceeelboeesni 451, 400
Santa Cruz 34, 625
MVONUUTS = cicsicies oo 3, 896
Motalie cree cee alee ee aleceeees 30, 740 | 1, 230 |1, 783, 259 |

Fyke and minor nets:
Contra Costa ..-.-.-- 14, 188 CO a Re socesn Hoaoece bosenacese |Scsason Shecnos Measace Koka satsaeosce- -
Sacramento......-. By ra Jol iia Bol ie ee ee eset Secoriobe co lpagces | lteteme| bce so-\aceecdedsecllasssc-
tal eee Ppa ial Broa [egaeee DSS aye 4 Sa: ae ~|coe, bce Pee

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

19

Table showing by counties and apparatus of capture the yield of food-fishes in the shore or

ay boat fisheries of California in 1891—Continued.
1, on Cultus- Aha - : ptoaiiene: A
Se ea and appa- Carp, fresh. freak: Flounders, fresh. Salted! Herring, fresh.
ratus of capture. |— = = = =
. Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. alae. Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value. Lbs. |Value.
Lines:
SEENY ET OL OLD o ccs 1-1 12)5| wine ws <1 abate ainle< 24, 118 $840 8, 645 STAD loesiaoetdl|ocaceoalsor ABBOOG Kae iciscc
SPOS ACS CLOS\ oi arama) Seiaim i> ill ier| 2 = te ein'| oe = 808253) || 3). 210) seccmece| Nese es | So nce meine Eeemeee
oO PRG aed ea ceil eee a eee 2 22, 153 4423112492) |) $500) |S. 5 cc-- once oases
SEO tes oo clan esol scence a|eanecseel come ee = 1, 365 5D Wee oais's||-eccoJs|2e sneer aeeee
Sea TaAnCISCO = -\---|-2=2 == =| s09 <0 125, 890 | 4, 254 4, 000 ADO | osaicisis|tcepta a ole o:e'e nies ctor | eeenenetete
See E US CO) DIS PO = s\ mam eal mcfersteiae|[- nate atl I aim 10, 130 BOO) Wroe Saisie luc oad, So ee meee ee eee
Semiraeah Vara. <n --) ese 2 =| sae sl ence saecine = 3, 900 OG Cela coed acl Us odene capi eee
SEI OLENT lee eee esr ina yn ae | pais ase aac nee ace 14, 626 5 SDY | eic0 Sasi [ss Pain| pee See | ee ee
IU CET LS aeeere te Soames Empress 150, 008 | 5, 094 145, 072 | 6,017 |12, 492 500!) 2. aseceer eee
Grand total. --./59, 618 |$2,016 |213, 618 | 7,639 |2, 720,984 \62, 687 |41,071 | 1, 644 |8, 757,075 $48, 571
Mackerel ~ Rockfish :
: ‘sh. | Rockfish, fresh. i Sardines, fresh.
eee aan Perch, fresh Balteds rdines, fresh
ratus of capture.
Lbs. /Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.} Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value
Seines:
GMNDONOL Scio. S252 .)-=5--\c>-lececee 23,625 | $690
MSA ElES 2-2... -|ooccss--|--5-=- = 7,915 317
UID see etetee] Gases eas ace 30,118 | 1, 200
LOG) So aeSee oe BS aeres Baaeoes 1, 500 60
BERSMCNAMOEN LO. ----<--||-2-=--=|—=-~—- 1, 076 65
on LURG ee See bonsoeeo pocsecs 17,518 ANU Peet as loans pee baa sade Gaaaaae 8, 000 320
San Francisco......|.--.----|------- SOFA! oy OS) | meen mate a) etn satel eects iatetal =e iare ed 860, 000 | 17, 200
Et TSAO SRST 5 ot Pi el Ps 8 ee ee ed toe ee 779 GAG || occ wate os eect
2) DS Sea eee BERR cee ORR eSael Re Seat | See mel e555 Agel se lees a te 5, 130 QB Tso alee smel|'e saat
Beal ee ese toc setae sacl eremaees DTS MTA St TIGN Ss6 Soe se aes oe 5, 909 306 |933, 568 | 18, 828
Gill nets and tram-
mel nets:
Los Angeles .-.--.- POs falporbede le te alle a( 2 ey Sek eta tae PERO RAI MnO Con ened al eos
oT Se es ee PASSGOS TOON eee mee nt hese ete | teamae ese qomen| Set tee | Pesce
Monterey..-....---.- 2, 800 aU oe ear lee oe BO2yLO! |GrkraOon| <acim sia oo arctsees eal het erate ara | sere
pan Diego..-...--.. 3, 970 aN emer ee I noe TU LE Le nO Sree ire tte ool oom eat! | serayem awtalece sete
SeRPEreNOISCOs 2 hee ola <2 8s 5 -o-|s5 <2 2s ce leene eee SSESTS Ss00) |was saec alls coaeta dl ems a etets [tes seer
Santa Barbara.-.. 3, 225 G2 eect tase ete ga een Meme rahe aes ele er cll eee ere el ate
anita Cruz......-.- 3, 590 TON [oes aetee | eee ae AE MOO) GOGO), | Remnc coe ea oetaars|faciet teeter ates
LN 2) OE TOL 3.7600 |\'24— 8900/1. 000! || = 4935339) LP, 480) t= 2-22. cl sae ace c|ano-ed|eeeecen
| Bag nets and paran-
zella nets:
Los Angeles.-..-..|-.- BOROd GooAOeS oY iri 671 22, 547 QOD esstss'ea a) ceialaaas 4, 000 160
iG) ee ee Seeeeeael Mees 1, 865 G0) oes ase ccc |ssse ses |aoesns ania see oom sect lemeneee
San Diego Sade tp Sey too Sagoo eaeaee 6, 250 2) Nal Ree Bee se boc aoe |Obpesene jaseeene aoeacocd | aeAca0
BEIT HOISCOS || a2 oa sa| mc ade omnes cele Vans See OF Sis! led Olas lee os ecg eae ccle oa el setae ee
UNIO ee Oe el ee eee eee 49) 8301 | ROG" Se ee Blase ce erell terse ee eee eens
LST se ie cae et I eR oS ev ere er ee 6, 835 1 RS eS 9 ie Bela he |e en
terete 252 os ea ose seers | wie sees 25, 891 981 LTT OBO TOME |iasereteen as seen = 4,000 160
! Fyke and minor nets:
SRT ON UU aninieie o/c/a|'s =crd were | aa aan 3,477 209) | aacemorseeelinse tesa ateeecte dco -mis sales eee cian hits saree
_ Lines:
ReAPRO beer eae |e nos eauloowe salon. loc alg eeeces SEMA TON Al ORAS AEN a. alee ear | Os ts ete eo sete
Los Angeles....... PASH On NQNOg4 | ls tk eens Rav Gd tl OVSdGAle Steck alec. ta:|Soee ee emer
Monterey.-..-.-. Sere RR a a2 ya Ss el I or 395, 862 | 7,917 | 19, 472 GO| cote sce ere
Orange feck ere 3, 000 120 Sic eaeieeaere 7, 000 BOO! ese mote aloe Satodm | mie ace alee Roan eee
San Diego.......... 10, 990 AAG) | SPSeee ee Seen G2XOOMs OR ASON ee ee eel oon oo ects oe clemeeete
BEEETINICISCO sere |e alas noe ec | ct cdoeealeaee ee STOMAQG TARO eek ce ee ee cal eit
‘San Luis Obispo... -|122, 890 | 4,560 |.....-..].------ 129, 720 ; 4,970 1, 500 (a) FA ei Ae 55
Santa Barbara..... 2,750 MS5dlewstenree oc% eae eae tee 2, 338 i Ty fag arses Ni ae
Santa Cruz...... 9, 265 CY Ot ee ee eee ae OTS SUA ah OO |S acim wel cte ames S| sas ole he erares
VT oe eee _ Pet See el lae ee 4, 264 1 U7 Gl bees eam aaey [neem eect SEARS [temic
i OREEE, - GAS SEE EE |e ies i leans, (rae 6, 425 DOG | SSS ee lee mee oi eae |e
Think ee Povpatcild ia Tip id eee sees eee De1G08 99S STA 278 | ogesl0n| 1 O50) [one e|nen eee
Grand total... .|518, 883 20, 863 |325, 430 |10, 906 |1, 830, 812 [56,835 | 29,219 | 1, 258 |937,568 | 18, 988
i
J.

Table showing by counties and apparatus of capture the yield of food-fishes in the shore
or boat fisheries of California in 1891—Continued.

180 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. j |
}

Salmon, fresh. Salmon, salted. —
Counties and appa- Chinook. Silver. Steelhead. Silver. 7a
ratus of capture.
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value. f
Seines: ;
DeliNorte-=---=---.- 114, 890 | $3, 446 182,500 | $4, 818 18, 750 $2800). on eee| = |
mM boldt ors ae sales ae ae eee eee 442,166 | 14, 739 147,388 | 2,948 66, 384 }
Shastaee coer 29,110 Tai teeee See Se Oe See ae ne 1 oetbe ele iiss cle wets | .
Mehamaie seeeecases 115, 623 BOO ee ewes ae | ser & tee eke meee acta Sete ae eee eee eee ?
Notalltee cas 259, 623 | 7, 066 624, 666 19, 557 166,138 | 3,228 66, 384 2, 465°
Gill nets and tram- 3 i at
mel nets: ’
Contra Costa ....-- 594,006 23, 760 f
Nel Notes. esse. 193,860 | 5,816 i
iHmmibold ties temsec |omesacinene = coments i
Miarinte cj ,s2\=<1)5/- 15, 035 | 690 {
Sacramento. .-..---. 76, 112 5, 328
San Francisco...-. 448, 322 | 17,933
BolsMOs-ccecceseeee 694,181 27, 767
Sonomaysasns ces. ae 36,656 | 2,199
That eee we 2,058,172 83,403 | 448,780 14,959 | 149,503 | 2,992] 49,816 | 1,988 )
Lines: : | y ;
Monterey.---------. 7, 990 | AQ0 qos wiasodetee<|ponabe os |oe ease ce cis | Seeiteees lose se Ree Sean t
Santa Cruz -_-.--2- 15, 260 | G90! csr ee eee eee eae eke eel eee see ae | |
Total ......---+ S250" | ALGO ee Accs 2s el cea Ud
Grand total....| 2,341,045 | 91,639 | 1,073,446 | 34, 516 315,731 | 6,220] 116,200| 4, 448
: : | Sea bass Striped bass, — \
Sea bass, fresh. y Shad, fresh. Smelt, fresh. ; ’
Counties and appa- 5 salted. fresh.
ratus of capture. om i
Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. | Value.
Seines: 7.
Miumiboldties-ee-n. lborneesoeseoseclacseuccaenccces 160 $16 32, 000 ;
WOR) AEG) ESSE eeBelodotoood Boece Socodaeq sauna ges\seocsocd|sesoa56 68, 974 '
WENT 3S cou Stdseed||Scnesbed||ptassoe|Soencead|éeocea- eee eee 28, 310
(OME Soocddedeacello oes codleoceane Jooasesae lgecoae+ joe ec eee |eseeeee 9, 470 ;
Siri Dee Ses oe eS ee eae Ramee ecelnsmae sale scence loeemeiee 12, 000 |
Sunslranciscoiss soeleaecc oes | aesies ale soo rab lesemece Pee eee 170, 971 ;
Santa Barbara -...- Beene See eee Geese Gee eee Eee 3, 790
Totals cess ase e ee a cee ens osbeanssacesac| 160 | 16 | 325,515
Gill nets and tram- | | lSameete fe | ne
mel nets: |
ContraiCostars.- |=) 5-c2 22 sees aie ceca neeeing LOS NOMS 451320) eee
osrAMPelessscsecal sera walenecee AN SOM VSL 20)| Mae stererers eset oe 45, 491
Marin 22s <se So15 1482) SS610d)|eecececieeecinse|n-meeeeelseseriae 27, 220
IW LGN HEN famerinoesod Gs ccsoda||se caer |soe S5004Soscceclpssoesacisase aoe 76, 985
Sacramento..-.-.---- gceesolGookee JeGeseSé-|bSs5e< GEE Gece: ae
San’ Dieror. 22... | 3,360 115 J eS ee [ASE em esess lscesess 3, 735 |
San Francisco -..-. 220, AVON GS TON eecee ste eae eeae /230, 460 | 6,914 | 683, 884 |
San Luis Obispo. -- 88, 970 | 3,110 | 17, 000 CG ReEE Hoe eee soe 19, 930 |
Santa Barbara... ..- 4, 880 py. eae a |b a ele Si el leeeee A 000
AM bal NUT ea scseas| > soece ce] eae ee ae meee oe eal eee 30,120 | 1, 205 25, 661
SOLAN Oaecmes ciao | scat erate Si cer eas loses aes | 58, 739 | 2,350 |.-...-----
Poti ee wet =. '333, 102 10, 810 | 21,301 | 1,022 |444, 846 |15, 840 | 886, 906 |35,597 | 30,674 | 4,602
Bagnets and paran-| i ;
zella nets: . |
Contra) Costaias 2213) -le/F 2yarel|- ohare easter ae| ae sate | a meee | eee 141, 420 | 2, 167
EOS PAM POLES) Ue 55) 5|'-\1- oom cn a eta siete wee cicn| meena (ee sonee eee ae 61,500 | 2,460
Vicirin eerste eee al tien seve aa| = ets oiee cto e cle Sel ce me all eee | 186, 560 | 2,848
Qt) Cae eae beSee eesetnce) Moeecee) Meadesoe bocerear beccr stiaiedcsc.c 8, 645 346 |
SANE TANCISCO eos sc | os ee coated ic eee Se ta) ea oke ey | CU We een eee 280, 838 ; 4,920
amie Mabe. sonra is ee geese ee SustlSeciegodloseeoss \aaoobcsd|edoe +54 234, 700 | 3, 720
Dotall.....2.-.-- [sdaate aieeae= See eee Bae Psi Fasse ce .| 913, 663 |16, 461
Lines: 5 2 ;
Los Angeles-..-..- 18, 206 {Cha eee Gece ee eerie ete ee SRA ee ell
Orane@rere as-is 3, 000 1 RO neee ecco Beapmnems (sas rs Bre ee es ee
San Diego .......-. 9, 000 SOO secre Sele sk oe Sills cre = UN See eer |
Santa Barbara..... 4,135 01S IG es ies eee ey (tote Arma oa A 5c
\VGiiit i ae eeeee 4,815) 190))|- 5-55. 2- eee gee eel het Pe
Motalecnn. ono se BO LOO | 1 G04n hee SSeseeal Boccoctin rescue
Grand total... .|372, 258 |12, 414 | 21,301 | 1, 022 |445, 006 |15, 856

“ PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 181

Table showing by counties and apparatus of capture the yield of food-fishes in the shore
or boat fisheries of California in 1891—Continued.

Sturgeon, | Yellow-tail, | Yellow-tail, | Other fish, fresh
Counties and appa- fresh. fresh. salted. and salted.
ratus of capture.

Total.

Lbs. | Value.| Lbs. [Value.| Lbs. [Value.| Lbs. | Value.| Lbs. Value.

Seines:

Mel Norte..---....- 316,140 | $8, 544
Humboldt ......-.. 866.096 | 24,745
Los Angeles -..-.--. 208,545 | 7, 297
Pin oes e see 115, 270 | 4,583
On eae 19, 408 770
Sacramento......-- 69,930 | 1,874
pan Diego . 2-2... 88, 267 | 3,531
Pao raniGisCO -..5-|ace-5-- Petes siete ce begene | Sista |Soerssoel eae 9, 280 464 |2,001, 057 | 42, 326
Bamba bar bards) 2|<2.6-s2|-----c- 10,805 |; $540 | 2,500 | $125 |. 12,220 600 33,204 | 1, 655
SEITEN Gy 1 0 ee | re Nets ah eierstall hm: ayy cya’ Cy aall agra trons Chen al mtadat =) alee el en) Spe) area: Ihstors Soe 5, 1380 257
SLCC eee eee Peeas ma ae nctse yale siee= are alah {aatape soci nice |aseeien 3 29,110 730
BRIN Ue aj acti | cielainclsmaiit aatas onl emis aioe |e sees all ees ae NeSeeaa ter lan ae 4, 900 196
SRE Se) fae eS 5 oe ela eal| | ahaa 2 eneeae sel maties iM cladiaiies [eee oersia| Mepere She oleic 115, 623 | 2,890

Riba <a 528e ae: toca Balinese a= 10, 805 540 | 2, 500 125 | 120,997 | 4, 422 |3, 872, 680 | 99, 898

| Gill nets and tram-
mel nets: |

Contra Costa....... 21331625) |S6 409 roy: oa soba cnc|scueete|sase asc 915 37 940, 489 | 38,116
ENN OTTO 3205-8 tosss sella tees Soe ie | MANS eka: Mle om Ie Bete ewes alioee So 2 193, 860 | 5,816
BaD OLG tiseeeacese | Gee ecicalescesns Meee ace # | eee eee | ts ae etree a paees 3 OF Alk = Sepa 648,189 19, 934
BRE PAA OSes oe metas [eee |e aeration | se germiotll tciaicte neeaeot ecrnnciealoet ce 131,409 | 5, 255
AUST = eae eee 15, 946 G30 ress som.: al aac S emsiaes| Paes oa lliacs ce Peetortetare 131, 707 5, 245
MUR ROLO Veen ea oie fon maleate [Se wees | aaanoe | ates locctaee 11, 810 455 | 605,718 | 14,478
Sacramento ........ 3, 250 GE Ee ee el Sore cel Nae Ge Bee tel arm Scien el ete 97,035 | 6,598
PEON OL Osea aslo Saisie onign saa antes alesqeeie Sassen aap oer 21, 228 845 | 109,653) 4,374
San Francisco ..... 18,13 DEOs Boece | terse egestas pais te 43,970 | 1, 062 |3, 943, 986 | 97, 102
BUMUMISO DIS UO Sere le a acarctae |oaee | Secee sae| sm oaeat= = samins acne ial = pets otelat al iseseiens 125,900 | .4, 647
Santa Barbara -..-. ee Ea eel ri € |S A ae fe ee | Lae Be Se Lk Ren | et 33, 822 | 1, 687
Banta Cruz.......-. Bese Toho al a atoce er ROO ER oe ccksial Me casei [eet me Serre ll I= memes 128/021) |), posdia2
SHC Cee |274, 785 | 8,243 |._... SN Re ea [Te | Se a |S en ee ee 1, 029, 970 | 38,700
SDD ETE) ae eee ee (EE eats 2 S| YS a ee (elena rasta I eed eta te ae esaseera | eeoteceisiees 36,656 | 2,199

POD 388 case B25 aA NONODON |S eae ce ene ee eseaee 77, 923 | 2,399 |8, 151, 415 |249, 303

= | = = =| = = = =
Bag nets and paran- | |
zella nets:

MMT EOYs COS Greta lloras aye | alsiaiet= o|oe tracts wicte wall sa'eevale-alls ae Seer 197, 882 | 2,935 | 813,272 | 12, 310
PIP ASITD LOS = fae oic|| Sate ine oisia hes sieisinsadl =faac soa |e miclorararad| sm crerevoteleisise iene 76, 325 | 3,053 | 274,879 | 10,955
(LUSH EL SS 2g eS spel i eed Pe ae ee P| ee ee (es ee (eae 264, 840 | 3,924 |1, 083, 360 | 16, 251
Monterey....-.---- NEA HE Shad tea ee, Moen sone Mee nara ee 4a Seles ese 5, 110 155 63, 874 | 1,904
3 SATE G Po (es Deen Ie ee ae ae 1 i | SPR (A as be era ee he 17, 476 673
an Diego ......-.- ees Gere ee seal | same to [ele ne atl waatsiniareie| Init sia 7, 787 311
San Francisco -.--. 440, 031 | 6, 201 |1, 797, 421 | 30,586
SeLUMlegTIAO INTO 5 lo tats 3 alto at store itera ate brea leet aaa ce Sabie eae ote aieicnel| Seer 11, 216 595
San Mateo......... 329, 120 | 4,745 |1, 353, 770 | 20, 313
Cla het CLT Eo Ae eet aed ES RNS, Seep RR I | (eee IE eas || aie ene | ep ea ee lng tS 84,455 | 3,375
VGH €or 2, 730 108 nlp eer fil 683

migtale se sa. 2 1,316,038 |21, 121 |5, 525, 227 | 97, 956

_ Fykeand minor nets: a

Benen en OB Lae a aes a | Seas. ops ote cee ae ee see ale| santa a|oaseee- 15, 013 450 29, 201 876
BRIE RIM OT LOM Sere as Sete emilee lac cs] fonts coisas cookie ole aeeioeia leet eects 170, 858 | 4,151 208,498 | 5,556

MET ee, Sia Sale ess cel yh 2] ae ae ee = | Seen | ae Sree | ee er 185, 871 | 4, 601 237,699 | 6,432

| Lines:

Contra Costa .--.-.-- BOs LOO | LN GBS: | 2 ace. ahe | aber Meet ores ea ch stata cube 3 Sp es 56,100 | 1, 683
Beer eDOLG Gere ets tal chsic asian] Siete m2 | oke eee ere eta ete nee ace cabamorarasteleae ours 67,235 | 2,644
MURPATIO CIOS: 222 co) anna cea |= 55 Ss 2 65519026080) estriol ase eae 22,302 | 892 | 700,849} 26, 064
REPENS EO ote fe tot is orale | yeata seeras | ciate che ail Speen aes ete tale - etre anil ecicle cele seeac se rel ook wei 487,903 | 11,596
UE Gey go oS el ee oer ees Oe 5, 000 ZOD | cere mrap one mies 2, C00 80 23, 365 935
an Diego # --.--.|.---.--.. 36 41,815 | 1,673 | 578,278 | 22,277
San Francisco --.-... 54, 113 84,492 | 1,140 | 638,991 | 21,773
woth sbigit=¢ ORY 0 8 ep COE Seer] a Sreyee ees (Ea te Unt eS Gel nad FOO iy [Et s85 Sate 320, 540 | 12, 040
Santa Barbara.....|.....%. 4, 864 242 | 109,805] 5,461
LT RE GTA cy, Ses A pn ES a al pei i |p, al MF lH a a Lh 135,005 | 5,509
UENO n ese OPS Oram eda rare eras eek te ate a | nha aso| eral efe pal] ha acct oia ales | wistoiaieiare 91,595 | 2,748
OTT eg ciryk eds RAO geil RD Sek i | |b IS Ee Ge ol be ey ere Sacer te Saeee 4, 264 171
“ebinnieh, epee ee Ben Peceie| PADI RIA ary ae (ie et (ES, Bea 31, 188 1, 231

4G) ener 201, 808 | 6,191 |143, 420 | 5, 801 |65,593 | 2,336 | 155,473 | 4,027 |8, 244, 818 114, 132

Grand total ...|727,551 22,213 |158,481 | 6,491 |68, 093 | 2,461 |1,856,302 36,570 |21,031,839 |567, 221

|
182 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 2|

Table showing by counties and apparatus of capture the yield of food-fishes in the shore
or boat fisheries of California in 1892.

Anchovies; | Barracuda, Barracuda, : 4 :
SREB =| aaa =r he Bonito, fresh | Bonito, salted.

Counties and appa-
ratus of capture.

Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.! Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. /Value.
Seines: |
San Francisco -.--.- 39,053 jl; $390 }k- ce sasle pe ee A es o|s a eS ee | ee | eee
Gill nets and tram- s :
mel nets: |
San Diego ..--.-..-.|--------|------- ATT ASDM SI OSGu |e a nea ia| seein 13, 525 SOLO He setes oe ao
San Francisco -..-- pba || Teste) 55226) ino 55 Pods peel ao eee Sood teens a eee |. 2 ca
SParhi td bid tne sme peers Sols occ les hoosanlassqsca| Soepeses |--2---- 9, 200 460 440 | $22 |
eas 2 So oe eS See So oe S| eee ee
Totalees. acc ces 111, 122 } 1,112 4751590" 1-886") -..22 see) - See 22,725 | 1,000 440 22 |
Lines: vetey ee, ¥ 7 fa
MLOS ANP CIES oes = ae eee | ee 254.433; 105 Sab bie oe ee eee ee eee eee
San Diego ..-.------|--------]-------| 152,570 | 6,110 | 41,104 |$1, 440 | 3€,475 | 1,460 74,664 | 2,690 —
San luis Obisposs|==------|------— 7, 500 PATS 8) eS 5 See eeessec bSancece eens eos Alcon: |
Sarita (DarDaras Jo2e| =e alae 72,000 | 3,600 |..-..... [pe ee & 10,800 | 540 560 28
Venture... cece es ease ee cleo eee 11, 000 440 |... 22 -2|------- 7110") 280" |-2 2.32 |
Potali esc oe |e tee 497, 503 |15, 758 | 41,104 | 1,440 | 54,385 | 2,280 | 75,224 | 2,718
Grand total... ./150,175 | 1,502 | 544, 693 |17, 644 | 41,104 | 1,449 | 77, 110 | 3,280 | 75,664 | 2,740

Flounders, fresh.)

Cultus-cod
C fresh. ’
Counties and appa- Sanya fresh.

ratus of capture.
Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. ‘Value. Lbs. [Value.. Lbs. |Value.

Flounders,
salted.

Seines:
Rime Gkiigaanesoos) Sacaone secese =| Ssonencs foacoae TORY Bia Seal Raeeees) Osea 5es
Warner soa565| Be 5 Se) bepose.4 Geedsscq Sasa 55e 2, 529 OUR) Sees eet
Marinvcses =o ceces| ao eee | poser aero essere 3800051 o20n tana sales
Orange). oscse-= 2-3 | See eee | ee | oe | 2, 380 thy Sescmos passe =
Sacramento......-. QUOT SF SaaT | See ne| ae aetna eee eee eee etree |
San Diego. ....----.|------- Nsadssec|oonaqccq|ssnscs= 2, 070 B2i ee ane eee
San Francisco... .|------- lonosse -|/Seessen5[sessec% YR | PRE EST [padaeed Ee sssac
SantasharDarasss- teen seems laemen aa eee 2,510 195 | SS e No ceorine
NONOMAS Se ccc. asin a] Seer Peepaee Berea ene jeeacees 5, 187 210 |b Se Soe ee |
LOUS eee seen = 9,915 IY fl Pate ae eer Paes ia Ol erie Tee ae ee | eos
Gill nets and tram-
mel nets:
os WA Peles 42 2 ee os alee = |e einia & of) ala sie ates ole nent Se Ee eel er eee 2, 000 80
Iii eens aecoeeaa| pececos| Geos tas ae (ee eras ee (ye eet ec a het 25,470 | 1,019
WATER aa aeonesed|ssoneaq| cSoso. aa Eeerso Gescsicr 123; 360) |02468)|/- eee [ices Wes ee el Seer
San Dierorses scene |oeseece | esaeee tae ee: (ha0lh = «|| Sui hepato bel ee ee eth ae SS 13, 060 522
Sanehiranciscosses4 fastens esos ee | 34, 000 '$1,020 | 192,695 | 5,956 |.-..--.!..--... 2, 257, 180 | 22,572
Santa (Cruz cs.-=--|a-2s-c ooo as Seal | eee,» 17, 845 Hah pl pe eeee peeoel ceca se slecaso:
Rotaleer. sae). | saceen tenee aac 34, 000 | 1, 020 BEB Hilal tease aes ae ee 2, 297, 710 | 24, 193
Bag nets and paran-
zella nets:
Contra Costa-......- SECS O EAI [SCOSS AAA CATRES msceae 303; 500 (4, S00 te eects | ene mae 227, 515 3, 412
mas Aneelés sa -| a2 fe cee |e oseece [ean Fa | Genes 99: 804::|''3: 998) heme ace 14, 000 560
Mcrimmens een. 8 |(ccck ce |Roeoe ee aeons ee |e eee 404° 468" ("6-06 Tal haeee ee eee eee 303,350 | 4,550
IMONLELOVAe= 2. ha-2a|sasecse|oues sane dememerleaencme 34, 990 700 130), 1671819 207) |= -oseeeee =| eee
ORO Jo 9 cSsSo se assess eeseoes pecsass specs sae 5, 782 230)||2eeee| eke ee 2, 255 90
SED Nees eee ees SEES 356 Seacisad| pears s se |oe ere 890 35° |e he eect eee ee eee
Dain Moran GiscoO. a2 6] sac = lessenen = 36,170 | 1, 085 60657034) STO eee See 455, 027 6, 825
Sangliis Opisnoles|s-se-o | pss aeee ens se eens eee - 9,000 A50) 1S 5 oes | oo
Sm Do Oe ebebe S64) eoabees| SeeeSal Femcsacq)sobccsc 5058585) Vb) eee | aoe 379,190 | 5, 688
SEU (OF 7k eee Sel Bees oe Seis) Seopsmer medaesa $3:'520"| 1: 847 |. 2ee ol eee eee eee ee
IMOMUUITSA ae Dems cae ce locsce Sales Sece leteceeenseeeeke 3, 000 120;.). 235 See ee ee
Potalees -bcel|seceeee le seenels 36,170 |-1, 085 |2,007,092 34, 181 |30, 167 | 1, 207 |1,381, 337 | 21,125
Fyke nets and minor
nets:
Contra Costa......- POS aes Gy OP | Beers oar Gon secs pea aason sal Gaedos4 losaonsallesoaeda [pecsesooce||sccas. ;
CSEVOp RENTS) a eared BYU S38 Ria PY). Bale ie a ee ise ieee] Gases besssenl peered serocecsosiiscocs-
ER Obal a= 24222 Ea By EW hg filles? Yea eee a8 look oomd| eemaconeted Saasoce baseogelSstesoe||Scocsoscoclscoc > |

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

183

able showing by counties and apparatus of capture the yield of food-fishes in the shore
or boat fisheries of California in 1892—Continued.

3 rp, fresh. Cultus-cod, Re . : Flounders, Terni :
SMe iHios and sppa- Carp 8 nae Flounders, fresh paltadt erring, fresh
ratus of capture,

t Lbs |Value.| Lbs. |Value.} Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. /|Value.

| Lines:

12 DTIC I AAS SABES] MBAS Berane 30, 000 |$1, 050 LS C008 Sl a0! Sacto lleatem sien p h/a(a'niniaaim cel (tesla

’ Los Angeles......-. 54, 215) | 201689 a tae. cetera sma c een see| etc ee
m= Monterey.-..--.-.. 31, 470 628: 1S) 670) |. Sodas ses sees
SSS ee 2, 960 Teh Shtoyavs: ciliate eters: ell ore eva maces eters | er eseerets
San Francisco..... DAL DIL eas ceteoaree ftciaiere oa alk olneccra ae aaa Soe eee
San Luis Obispo... 2,110 (LOM etme) aratera| tanta eva bs aim) teen eee
MEPREEI EWE Al DATS =o | 2 sce cnc [em meee =| orc cimeleniee mo 3, 990 ZOO" | apse once (=. 0 ees win llievtm Sie eee eee ee
REL Zee te ne lar eee clan weet eeteaeeelseeeaee 19, 950 OB aia ein = |feerels anal ho aie are ee eee emer
VLG Riey een ae ah e E 1160, 500 | 4,965 | 135,210 | 5,885 113,670 | 547 |..........|--.----
’ Grand total... .|65, 662 ie 191 |230, 670 | 7,070. |2, 772, 856 |57, 197 43, 837 | 1,754 |4, 486, 887 |$55, 796

|
Mackerel : : Rockfish Sonqs

" Ke resh. | Rockfish, f ; % if :

Sioties and appa. raat Perch, fresh sh, fresh Patten: Sardines,fresh
ratus of capture. =

i Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.}| Lbs. Value.| Lbs. | Value.| Lbs. | Value.

- Seines:

Cn aLG ie oes geal qpedsccd Boaaase PRU SOO) | wt S560)" aa saan matelfer cine af Varese vata atarmjaialu all mteveps vette letters
PRPATICOIOS st 2osss||as-\sa%'s| sainame 7,114 AS DMN arches ete recall asleneto exe loreu stare stacey 36, 864 $654
(LAT oe 5 Ae aa SSIS OOM lest Lie |e kos eee A WN) Aa EE hee to ae et ee
DA) Seo re ey 4, 000 UG eee ose| boooeas| |lSoncrcien |neoeece 5, 000 200
MEGEAIMOMLOS. 2 aso 50) ce ccs ca|euees oe 1,114 (yl eeeecned SEH ec iCne cen Seem mrcl nese atl ees eects
on LONE Se eeeasa Geese! eee 14, 725 Ge mS eroeet Metric inc osees Peers 3, 000 120
BRP EGHIOINCO: \stacis| =\2=< (n=2|-anj52= = ZOTSTOB S| [Gs033%|rene satel oe shoe cinale occa cs stecisiaicce 703, 180 | 14, 063
SRE DAA tee seat ae Sos ae le cece eal eeane a aeeeiies a\sllaedeose 275 SIA" |. as caeiibeme sees
“ui: ally eaeegee EERE Sen Hees DeRoe ie ys aber [aie a ain (pasa PAPINH Plas i a Mee eee eee

Beniet ees Sees crs ota ee emete sa Pasty ute EN Soom pelanad EMeeeets 2, 895 145 |747, 994 | 15, 037

Gill nets and tram-
mel nets:

Los Angeles....... GASTON Sa OO | eer eoc ae | eee | ste dhe as oer sea | eesti tise be ces tre mete oe aceon
EI See eo ee Beer 21, 475 Fat gl (RS See) eee See tee Beene eric rr ie Aer Se
Monterey --......-- 125 GM esAtee sell satece 3b; B60) $7; IST |Sectocec|eaemac dios nome ale oeeeae
San Diego .......-.. 1, 020 7 CW OS errs PERE erS el oem Sete rel SEE OMe Deer el ee ya |e me

BPCEMBIULATIOIGCD Goon a anes || os oa alos nee bale ctocen. Bak TOTO Dah cee SE ee ccemle aeemetaletsemmine
Santa Barbara ..... 3, 080 1 ea |genen sel |Sontocpeccleseszes|becezseg aecoad||soBqcsu|scnneen
Santa Cruz ........ DACs ul anioGy len oeass eee ABAD AN Te TOs Sees nee lee sake kee eee lean

POA es eas ase 74, 058 | 3,019 | 21,475 SOB OA Oe Nts ACH eter 2c ccce re diet mint mae lerstatc era ae Renee ae

_ Bag nets and paran-

zella nets:
PPA COLES = soa2 e|scisce as|a eens 2 17, 727 709 11, 938 ANT NS siereaaiciall tare ciao 5, 000 200
Bn nara epee ef clniGae +22|sat)> <0 1, 000 AG aes one t hee c cel ean cect laccacee ee cases ae
TT LG Ee ee eer 5, 275 77S AEE RAS SOM EH EM On |SHeseran scrabbe) Ammaatnn RMS =n0
SPPHIONGIRGO —6rs o's eae eee eee ed ec ae oc OTP 103) (PZETBSs fowcas ce locosee became tan Rees
(2 LODGE A SES ik ae | (ay I ee | (ee ATOR Us BU Mis pe stem are ae ereimentas Vase a etiam joe sinine =e
MPRIHIEES eee) cen So ae ns oSOS So cls cnn oo nicl outst aets 7, 780 Sl s|S sea cecldo= thee Jrtttetee|sseeeee
Wataliees {saan cldaee teal. Ve 24,002 | 960 156,091 | 5,382 |..-...--]-.---.- 5, 000 200
| Fyke nets and minor
nets:
i GPTDGTN eee ee ae eee eae 4, 554 PAE TN aie. erste (eer RIE ei seeeae | mPMmemae irs rs cae

. Lines:

OUTS Se SRD sae RS Ce ee) See aaa ree base thee DUS OOO sl UUN ls octe ka ial sane cis oleiaiarsreetsal mrnetota ae
Los Angeles ....... DAINGP> | McAc (etl Bene ner Soneee. AG GUN GTY BBSn| Stee cece bees ore leeeeme ele eee
Monterey .......--- CUTTY Oly Tie eae et 368, 520 | 7,369 | 18,580 | 743 |........|..-..-.
EE See SRN es ie a ee es 4, 320 1708 | eemeomantaon Soc Oacae aaleanee te
San Diego ......... 2 0) aR atl By apne | [een eee BOOOO Maan OOOR Eee sue leane en eS caaeal ereemens
SPENCE ATICISCO Ses 2 |s bie ale oc ooo |S oe cbie nelle eeo cee OPTI Oe) IN Boe ie ee 8 et a | ar a ee
San Luis Obispo. -..| 11, 300 5G een eee 98, 240 | 3,865} 6,500 B25 eS eragetom ews were
Santa Barbara ...-. 2, 420 OH IP es ae cS )= Gevaert eee 275 1 Es Ree aS el ph Bee
Santa Cruz ........ 6, 300 ofA as ate | ee, ears SB) SIRS, COGN an ca 2=.5|-s= cine |s ictemtwicr [nae meets
OULD Sie eee e ee ee Suan Ra io Die ie ie 3, 700 aU he a ge Pt aes (ae aie | ASN
UE SULIT eal Se RES BT a ee Cs ek Set | ee 6, 220 POT es ae Sel eee ed 2 be Rel ara ole

JURE ee ee eG G! | SUG ters tats | eas asta T5062, 326131, 040 25.356") 1 OBL |. oe | nomen
Grand total. --.|318, 964 |12, 703 |335, 117 |10, 927 |1, 703, 035 |47, 774 | 28,250 | 1,226 |752,994 | 15, 237

*

—

184 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Table showing by counties and apparatus of capture the yield of food-fishes in the shore
or boat fisheries of California in 1892—Continued.

Salmon, fresh. Salmon, salted.
Counties and appa- Chinook. Silver. Steelhead. Silver.
ratus of capture. ie
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
Seines :
Del Norte.....-.--. 49, 563 | $1, 067 99,124 | $1, 534 49, 563 $867 |. -s.cace|ee=- see
Evum Dold bee ae eae |e e See aoe leer tees 388, 050 | 12, 935 129, 350 2, 587 21, 630 $865
Shasta .-2 <j 31, 445 180), | wisistatiate ateesella since wit tosissinerseisiqemy| sere Sel clstrere eee | Cee eee
Moeham arses cieereice 128; 389 I). 3, 210 Mes Ge. cio te etoall s12 nie rdie el So kekerqek ee =| Sacer el ben ene aes Geen
Mo taleesae eee 209,397 | 5, 062 487,174 | 14,469 178,913 | 3,454| 21,630 865
Gill nets and tram- |
mel nets:
Contra Costa ..-.-. DIS OR ipe rh her 8 ee Bale ene e sas beooaaos Sonbasuerass |eouscodlaceasccoososSesc.-
DeleNortess-45 == 84, 000 D020 [eo noes vem winleees oeeclloe rece caeeee eens Bes Saat eee See
Jahn bhiseseocess [BRS sasosecallsadewss 394, 588 | 13, 163 131,529 | 2,630 17, 370 695
Mari) <2 aes ee = = 12, 000 2 BLO Be epecorse a) psoesed Ss ssuec sessed Saeessecossesosccc|Sasacc-
Sacramento -..---.- CHOWAN | aries | Eee asdescod baaosase senor conboallasoncoas \eeae ele ea
San Francisco -.-.. HL 122,928) 44 OU Won a csnjsewine allie ere steiars le ae mie icteegere| Reeres eee | ee eee as See eee
Solanojeesc-tesosee 944 HOT, 1 ed A20d| seca bs cece alle crersge |e aeteretee es eel ete eter eee eee
Sonoma... cececa/- 28,'839) 1) 1,780 een cme cemccillss ewie cien |e eee Seer | byeen ee tel ee ae ee
Mota. seeps 3,310, 717 |135, 088 394, 588 | 13, 163 131, 529 2, 630 17, 370 695
Lines: Bis,
Monterey..-------- 6, 915 ANS Woe oboe salle miele ates cee cece web crcels monic eee Per
Santa Cruz ...---.. 14,175 640! laces eee ese tion alba Sea eecitale Uaaetelosee oe) Sees) eee
oOtalmes see iis 21090) |,» 1)0553)/ 22S 5. tases cee le Ss ee cee | hae se | eres eee |
Grand total..-.| 3,541, 204 |141, 155 881, 762 | 27, 632 310, 442 6, 084 sm 1, 569

Sea bass, fresh.

Sea bass,

Shad, fresh.

Smelt, fresh.

Counties and appa- salted. Beak
ratus of capture. ;
: Lbs. |Value.} Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value
Seines:
iepien NN Nh mp saqeGod Sacsoasal adobe Faccooss lsuassee 100 | $10 42,250) $1,056 |o03 eee clemeeee
Los Angeles. A Baasseen Saacsos Roseces a SscosGa) Saocee 4 eebeese 75,523.) Si0Le. |aaceeeee | See
MATIN oa ore cietmerlen =| sais ent| “eeeisine| sesso | seeee. ce seneereer eee ae 24, 500 980 |: <2 2ecel-- ae
OE SC Aas SR aaeaeS |S SSeeace Sosee se) Haetecec Sasesso) meckarce lscesser 11, 921 Wi eee eee cece =~
NANEIS GO one avin =i cscs a etelsime i= |S ieinle|| neem ele te eee ee eee 13, 645 BEG) essen cae loHece=
SHinnd Dip monsye aa eeel |S Sh edeaos Soeeoee| oeemeeec Ger seo laa soenalecakes 12470024500) ae peer.
Santagbarbarasace. |e ert cell ee saree [eet cote |e coe etna | cepete te | ie eee 4, 260 213) cs ee | eee
Sree cae ole Se Soe ees ——E
PO Tass ell ee ee ie Ere Smet el eae eeen cle So 100 10 284,369) |10,'785 |. 2-2 - |e eee
Gill nets and tram-
mel nets:
Contra iCostans 252 5| 022 aac |me eons Jboosaasslaanaass 139364441 S a oo ceseee ee eee ee 38,947 | $4, 674
Los Angeles....--- 2. SDor| me LOsa ae tec cele meena ooo erlne creo 51107) | 2)0440 2 a eee
IMamiiny sence ose 13, 000 5208 | eee eulesiqceis| scerceec|eee eee 25,/500))|) i (020) 2833225 |eeeeeeee
NIG TUIE W eee sreeeal Poedtioce Seta cbal sActeses aedsbealleeeacecdlkesadae 14;:868))|'2)'995 Veeco eee
NACL ATOM LO see erctra| essa ae eee | eet |e ee Pale siesta EBM aS aollanecooc 199 30
San) Diegot: 2-2 --- 2,375 Ciel RSS ol EES A icean koe seine 4, 355 174, eke heee| See eee
San Francisco ..... |UBSY S50 OAs | eerste emesiet 242,749 | 4,855 | 433,747 |17, 348 | 18, 153 1,315
San Luis Obispo... 61,650 | 1, 808 500 S2D reso sloecctne 5, 300 186/222-4224 2S
Santa Barbara...-. 7, 640 Biot | eetemenl seer ore eee eeonces 3, 740 187 .|:,02).22¢ 4laeeeeeee
Saliba Gnuzic cea heaacenleeeeereleeeeceee Seeker 35, 000 | 1,400 52) 322 | 2,090 hee shee tee ee
SOlAN OR este. esse elcome collec ete see eee meena Sie O2N 256s le eee ee rere res 3,910 469
otal =e sie cee i222, 568 | 8,311 500 25 (526, 394 |14, 362 650, 939 |26, 044 | 56, 209 6, 488
Bag nets and paran.- |
zella nets:
Contra Costa ..---.|.... Aapsloasnoas||6 anpoepdAcdmnanlaad avavete{a||levatateaye 1S AOTEy OR PAGY eececealsoncs - -
HORVAM SOLOS sate eee ecelt sone sel ceceneine | eaee cee [aeeseees| sees ene 61,000) |\,2) 440 | 225525" Sean
WIN AH GaAs SAGAS aE See Pattie sa |S eehal 4) lesa ad Ieee fare as 202,065) (31035) |2— = cease eae See
Qiang erga rseey cece ee enes tel laren aesereieues red erat Geen a beet Be ei GS Bs 13, 700 548-36 bc,ce one eee
Serr ren CISCO Gey Rs sella ie Cla 9S aM CCUG ob [Dummer alae acl S0avebL 145500). = seeee| eee
anya te. Se ewe eae cereale semee clea mea tea ae eee meee aaa eeiiaee 202,795 3, 792 |... ck eee nee ee
A Ley Wa oeteg tee Wt ed (Pie epee | eee | (I ee ah eh A 9845586) 116:\640)) | Saas =| Beee nee
Lines:
Los Angeles....--. 16, 659 666: |e oees eels eel Lease sel Reeoaee | ateaeec os lias. See
San Diego ......... 7, 625 SUB esoaes4||aasencc|poecnnan eSsea| Keennseese| Kocessal|se0ssese)ecc---
Santa Barbara -...-. 6, 360 BOG) is Seeley Mees claiel es eye alsa et age Sete | Meets ce chee | Saectieral | eee een |e ana
RVIGIDME A Meme se ole eet eae rem 4, 000 GO Seca B eae soe cls. ese | ee ee |
PRO tale se oe 30, 644 | 1,299 | 4,000 NGO) oA cc Stee eee ocean |e oes | eee rr
Grand total... ./258, 212 | 9,610 4, 500 185 |526, 494 |14, 872 |1, 919, 894 [53,469 | 56,209 | 6,488

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 185

Table showing by counties and apparatus of capture the yield of food-fishes in the shore
or boat fisheries cf California in 1892—Continued.

; Sturgeon, Yellow-tail, Yellow-tail, | Other fish, fresh Total
Counties and appa- fresh. fresh. salted. and salted. age
traus of capture. ; ;
Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. | Value.} Lbs. Value. Lbs. |Value. Lbs. /|Value.
Seines: |
JEG LIN GIRS SABE Re Boa ease lk esehtael [Eee ermee el [Se ree Ieee en DWP 198, 250 | $3, 468
“Tome al Gh a pboae Seal beatae blog ge abe] [pome eae Ese aitse | ea eae Meena (Eas ee oe 768, 753 | 21, 190
MEnpacne cles eens. |Noeuess [ek ccte|Pew mentor ela. coca Teese 14,174 | $684 | 161,004 | 5,737
Mier es emer Renee aero Rioas le Ney ee ele lt Soe ec eeerae ie Sea ES Se oes aceite 100,971 | 4,039
Orange ..--- seeroTs|betSias S2cdass| bes cnocd|eeoae delleeeSeuc! aoece Sloot se EEE abe 27,046 | 1,082
: Sen OM GO: <5 1-12 2 Apatelas ais oe ees she oo eee olae lace & [eens Sa eae ore ts 63, 168 | 1, 447 74, 197 1,861
LING Seeete rs Bot Ee el be eel pens oer beanenttpenine! Rasa ss es 18, 150 725 88, 530 | 3,540
BSIPHIP AN CISCORE Ria lente ie alleen = aCe ae cel cme en| emo (eee oe 15, 550 547 |1, 887, 625 | 35, 668
PMA Ar DATs co jal ceense|oeas oe ¢ 18, 620 $931 800 $40 16, 000 800 42, 465 2,123
Sere CaO 5 age a deal Se eg | ete ene bes a eaeeeee BeEbbas SSCEE eee Ine aeere 2, 620 131
CIPD Skee dcedh hoa Bete let he oes 5 Pelee UE ad PS Red Ee oe be ee A eel eed |ssooece 31, 445 785
DURE ales Se eRe [ME | ea A Le ( joan sate {eeeicce| tects NPcosdoe 5, 187 210
URES ie ga ee Ba She ALAS Eso] eae RAS ee Pree ak ePee hs je sean ee ee ee Lees Be esesoe 2 128, 389 | 3,210
|
PROta Aen Rese ses eee 18; 620 931 800 40 | 126, 042 | 4, 208 |8, 516, 482 | 83, 044
Gill nets and tram- ‘
mel nets:
Contra Costa-...-.-- Zid, DOM POSeols |seuera ce ee cece [ereeteratera'| ere rc= 1, 080 43 |1,491, 297 | 58, 628
PPM OTGLO Se cia 21 sisal a Sekeige sl senee eeleeean cae fester ae ae te eee ets Se eda 84,000 | 2,520
SEMEUTIN ENO iboats oi ee-ta re loch seer ce | te nee | eee cael cere Shoes cies eStore ache 5 oneness ori 543, 487 | 16, 488
MEG NPAUD DOL ES 21a ate yc arain sepia Mane cere| Seer nen | Soe eeniee dee tec soe el a mmecria dd tee nas 123,010 | 4,919
Writ << oc os see. 20, 000 BLOT EN PSE eter a ae |e Ce | rere meg | enero wr La a 117,445 | 4,698
MMfeIT One es as | as ase caus be ans) arieme es eee aoe ioe be ee tea 9, 638 382 | 564, 851 | 12, 988
Sacramento .--.-.-. 3, 820 PPA Vil Ie ci elevate ears Peete so, = | a ace | reper a en | eR rey 106,710 | 7,232
SAMMI LOL een eee nella ctenigcscns | see rermaleome eer Gaceeee [easeiees 14,850 | 595 | 96,375] 3,853
San Francisco. ----- 18, 840 DOD sets ape cl| areeree eee ere eae: 39, 665 | 1,012 |4, 686, 132 |108, 627
San Luis Obispo...|.-.-.-..--. | | 67,450 | 2,019
manta barbara. +2. .|s<0s---- 24,100 | 1,195
SUE Chi) eee (pe 150, 705 6, 052
Sain sage ae 217, 637 1, 253, 756 | 47, 849
MUHOMS Was oses coe asin tenses | 28,839 | 1,730
|
Min tales ses 534, 872 |16, 360 |........ [Eee ERR SO eee gle 65, 233 | 2, 032 |9, 338, 157 |278, 798
S= SE = | = ==== =|——-=
Bag nets and paran-
zella nets:
PEPER CUSUM Seen o setcies/|Soucesalas ccc | Sonam tal emammc clnace sot 228,185 | 3,443 910, 725 | 13, 680
PUNPAN OGLE SS aec nolo Mees le ascin Naor wcesolesecos ale amctene {Sore ree 73, 845 | 2,954 | 283, 314 | 11,333
Wierriniementen nae so Reo Lele 8 cit See Sal Gata ESE ASS NIC 308, 519 | 4,650 /1, 213, 402 | 18, 302
WHC OD OY ara nine sls 3iSe5 6 a/=|= = 2 =o acm cea |e ae sal eeek sae lace she 4, 420 125 69,577 | 2,032
renee 4.2 <== 22-2 2 22, 737 908
San Diego........- 26,165 | 246
San Francisco - --.- |2,001, 011 | 32, 426
San Luis Obispo... 9, 000 450
an Miateo)=/\s-~- +0. > |1, 516, 755 | 22,751
panta Cruz --.--.=. 78,790 | 3,152
WGiell gy ht 15, 950 638
Cat ig aay | ee A 3, 170 iy jl We ee Ge a 1,499,811 |25, 061 6, 127,426 |105, 918
Fyke nets and minor
nets:
PiraninaGaNtiasceen |e ee ne wae |" 252: 2 S| Sicis/eis (ice) aminnibias| carmel saeicar 26, 205 786 47,547 | 1,426
SHRP EE ETE Ree El [ES a 2 be Pen (ee | eee [ee ee 180, 329 | 4,355 | 219,288] 5,832
LCT LI oe SR i RA EEO ee |e Sk | DE ee 206, 534 | 5,141 | 266,835 |) 7, 258
Lines: ‘
MONET AO ORLA sas er| SO O80 1 ATS lake caste | eet aera eee: Seale cece eel Cavers Se gees oe 49,280 | 1,478
LETTS) ee ee | ee Se See Come eect laced tel etch hai|s See en 95,000 | 3,900
Hos Angeles....-..-}....-.-. we acen|a|| OMT OOdN CAmnapien seine ania ae eecre 23, 460 938 663, 943 | 21,725
UE TIEE LOM crs Socyns Salle ees ae San ovel[Pemec ace Were etait = in Nps a cll pe nell hee 2 oo 445, 289 | 9,982
USE TIGG) eee eee] Ee ee 3, 680 ATi Bree. a | ee Rel tae eccke seme 10, 960 435
“oo SES 7 Sn id Renny Naga 50, 000 | 2,000 |80, 632 | 2,907 | 125,925 | 5,040 | 622,745 | 24, 102
San Francisco ...-.. 61320001 840) eben eae ee aoe So eee ars 92,715 | 1,343 | 641,664 | 18, 197
SEPT CO) DISD Osseo abc | Soacia@ secs acts Meta aas ne ciaeral Meet onlaeae eels aleesoces 125, 650 | 4, 984
Santa Barbara. -.-..|-a----|..-...- 16, 380 819 | 1, 000 50 3, 450 173 117, 235 5, 872
Sretrnt OTE Ais SAA | eecntt en 2 o/c Spe Nee ene slag dees fe dHeninlecionl to sens 124,320 | 5,068
BEIM ORe 2 5 ao edge ES a kid ee ll See ey el ee ee ee ees 72,545 | 2,176
SU) 1s aCe eee Cee cf RT eek? ed Sone epee oan a RE ORE) Dee 2 3, 700 148
"AEST TT SC ES Rp a eaten Ni | moe 4, 830 TC) CA ORI bala ane hl | § Seem ale A 33,160 | 1,322
OTA: Tos. . oe 183,145 | 5,494 |134,197 | 5,531 |81, 632 | 2,957 | 245,550 | 7,494 |3, 005, 441 | 99, 389
Grand total... ./718, 017 |21, 854 [155,987 6,589 [° 432.| 2,997 |2,143,170 |43, 931 |22,254,341 |574, 407

186

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Table showing by counties the yield of crustaceans, mollusks, and reptiles, etc., in the shore
or boat fisheries of California in 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892.

Abalone meat and

Crabs. Shrimp and prawn.| Spiny lobsters. hells
Years and counties. }
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
1889.
Bag nets:
Gontra Costa... -=|-<0. aajareramiaja eae QO 22 SA 769) |e asia /alaysiers save aimiatalet=/ar5)(2 = éageinaineiere| eee
iat ge ase AS Se | Saeeeeiseescnlnosaa see 12203026) ||| (00/0080 lt noes cmos | aSase to Geeeenee ees ann
San Mrancisco:2-- .<il\s ss seems |siemueene g ASS EES 272 I Fo Balas 68 eee ee mR IREere es BS RE Ei
San Mateo soc. ses-|-seneee ee eee ene 1 D325 O84 GSS GG: lias - salto cine ols te eel on ee ere eee
TGealises teh stele eee meee 5, Boe, 104951. 687 |. cee sees ee ee ee
Other apparatus: if me
Humboldt) s-s-e-- 86,400 (|) $32000) |p seca ce aseeslin eek etea | Se ae aoe cee See ec ener ee
WOSVAMPOLOS asco also aces eaceeees 108, 000 | $2, 815 19, 810 $452
WM MU Reh ye ose goes esse dcecoo|Sdoce coalsesoovodsses|sabasccc|aassso=socileosnase- 3, 850 73
SanUDiegOw. =. 8-2. lsc esece es \aeereeee 48, 158 a 18 Jal ese ocean Season - -
San Francisco -.... 1 9494,000)| 76.0450 hoc seed lo Pes na Secon ee con semester 30, 000 600
Santa Barbara. 2-c|jossseset ee aceasee 110,300 | 3,309 228, 879 5, 877
otal ete 5 (030,400 Navonoasa| eae ee a eae 266,458 | 7,327) 282,539! 7, 002
1890. — et it ——— —— | —_
Bag nets:
WontraiCosta = -: 2.3225 --)-5 eee sees O67 94T | 43298385 Se so ocak ere ato ialereian!| Se cree cee see
IWR eee eae CEree oc tcl ase Soe 1) -290;600) (58, 6435522 eee eee | eae cle tence eeee |e
San Francisco :.-)- 3|sosae seeseeleeeeeeer AV 9410557|"88° 894 Was 225. Beno eee eee ace |S
Sane Mateos saan. occa seen een sere eee TS 613,°246) | 1351303) \ i - oes anaemia
Motel 5.20 Meee ney bees cea 5, 812, 848 |264, 823 |..... we a oseyieeth ll ee
Other apparatus: Te
iHamboldt.-. =." 90, 000 8,120 eeasbeen sca eemsasice|eeeaes ne oe | Sete ees | hae eres see pee
IDG S) Aine.) GY ossads| bootenoase=5|ssSeean seseses ys eeel se Sober = 107,000 | 2,810 860 34
IW Re) eee seo BESS mSos ese ose adae atoaas Ssoden| DE OME uel In oseetenatuleceoasas 4, 400 83
SHIA DGS ene sane ketenes mal ls sete te ate ek rs ee A037 0))|\ els O09 Ease ee
San Francisco. .-.-.. Z1OOON OOO SOR000T Pst ae see ese altace sells cece eee eee etoeens 28, 000 560
NantavBarbaras.e alo oe he, lee the Aem Teme ers his eee f 130,940 | 3,928 114, 933 3, 942
Motalicescacsee 2, 090, 000 Ba DON eee eee se el ees 278, 310 7, 747 148, 193 4, 619
1891. Maat ae ahi. ora = po. a ae
Bag nets:
Conptral Costa ae. ||a= atlanta | s/s ee 813, 806 | 36, 967 |..... Apes |GOAbOO sal |soenemcnsse||acces ss
Maniny soho ss este lestenecns scieececene 1 085;7.51| AQ S289 tk See erates ele renee | ee
Sam Hrancisco..—2=..| see -=seeealseccee ae T6315 232 ||)%4; 585,12 So seeee a ieee acl ee eee | ee
Sani Mateo. s32552|esasce2 Jae vies scans 4 15 356;-345! 61,6109] feseteoe cee seas see Gaeeeet ea |e
Potaw es sseees sel -eeacee| cass see 4, 886, 558 222, GY I eee ees SEES B ees ee ent| a SeiseS -
Other apparatus: apy
Hamboldtee-2-5:] “98NEOO | 295406. [oo 22 ose soe el ee ee ey ee
Los Angeles..-..-.-- 102,125 | 2, 688 Gpalsty 86
Monterey sara nee ois ects encase, Soe ahs celle aae ae eee eee | ogni | ee 3, 700 66
San Diego------..-- 25, 000 625: oe. soe Sot] este eee
SanvranciscOsssea-| | 2eD 040001 GONOO0 | beeen | Sere iaeene | een ne ees a 24, 000 4380
Santa Barbara-...-. 145,120 | 4, 355 241, 826 6, 248
aNotallieeees ee 272,245 | 7,668| 274,661| 6,880
1892. aT =i = = Fr
Bag nets:
ontra Costa..--.--|..-...-----.|.------- 885, O10: |)40; 195) 22. oes. cs] Sens chee eee nce Soe eee eee
WER 5 ~ eo sosishseec|bsoopaias soe) |eesceace 180/020] 53s 590i. S Soest OPN Ree ene al es shee ete eee
Sanibinancis cop sees ae seeeeene | aemeeen 1,770). 025,180; 389) | 2 cereal ict ulate nee ea ea
Dane MiateOmce = sees lacus sce ec | as sceose 1, 475,020") 66) 989)) 2 meee s|eictnis = ol Comes eee eee
(7 Uae es a aes WRGINNS Tarren rect cy eee ely eee ges E
Other apparatus: 5 | 4
Humboldt --2-2-.-. 1123200139004) ee cree ees cmall socecince|| ee eees ie a eee eee 2 ee |
HfospAm melas) 2-85 4|\.co- Gee ete ce) Kise. one | betnet snetians | ae aaeeee 128,425 | 3,340 7,775 162
MMOMIGNE\ 2 = aS cecrep pu sano neanoa|seenraescececosgoags ics vesceltoses- s2e80||ssi5ss5¢ 4.189 85
SADIE SONNE as.-2) | sae s eee esas eed) See eee reel eae 20, 000 S008) =< -—- cece eee
San Francisco. -...-.- 250000" S995 000i Secee eee ae aoe se oe eter beeen 39, 000 590
SEIU) EEE) 2 Boe | popeceecorad| pa acs ses) saee re seeds6| sso =. 552 154,850 | 4, 646 238, 463 5, 280
Motel che ut. ee 2, 862, 320 |102, 900 |............|........ 303,275 | 8,486 280,427] 6, 117
|

—

—

Senet

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 187
_ Table showing by counties the yield of crustaceans, mollusks, and reptiles, etc., in the shore
or boat fisheries of California—Continued.
Clams, hard. Clams, soft. Mussels. Oysters.
Years and counties.
Pounds. Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
1889.
Sarumboldt ..-.:..---- 43, 750 $937 10, 800 $270" las w atmetaraleraralleetetaleeysre majaye hiayalavatete| (eimtare oleic
Beet as.c oe tas =< e 32, 060 690 11, 100 TOO ersa Shs SALE S| eee toe ek eevee orice eae
in) 10) Gi) eee 420, 000 SGU = 8 Se OREE SS ae Bee le eee mee aot nocd eee ee CAE oF ee
San Francisco ....... 74, 900 1, 605 1, 096, 800 | 11,518 | 2,100,000 | $8,750 |12, 369, 000 |$571, 525
Hotalic® 23 s-!2e-.2 570, 710 6, 232 1,118, 700 | 11, 897 | 2, 100, 000 8, 750 |12, 369, 000 | 571, 525
1890. paprey ioe | ft Megs: i E Fi
rampoldt.. -....\<.-).- 42, 000 900 12, 000 BOON s- Sees: Sesles ces calle cacdone se eee
Di) Se 30, 450 655 10, 080 LOS) | sk seks iy ate Stes ye ls 4 cara
Ran Diego -.--...-... BOOK QUO TRoO00G 5 else wc lSo ata cefeee sm ser ee alse cee al UGss 202 one
San Francisco ......- 89, 580 1, 920 1, 239, 900 | 13, 020 | 2,700,000 | 11, 250 |12, 829, 500 | 592, 137
PROtaL ae aaers 5 3% 511, 980 5, 975 1, 261, 980 | 13,421 | 2, 700, 000° 11, 250 |12, 829, 500 | 592, 137
1891. Pa ey. yy feces wil J a
mampoldt,. -.- =... . -- 47, 250 1,012 15, 000 SD) baie tena kn seats aio omelas Sei Sael|e Secon
Si i 28, 700 615 10, 380 LOG Beets eee cas oa) sees eee ao ee a ee
San OG 280, 000 2 OU Oil Saree ate ete clear era tel la ieee cata iste c= all ie wigs attra A ees
an Hrancisco.....-- 94, 850 2, 033 1, 489, 980 | 15,896 | 2,998, 080 | 12,500 |13, 387, 800 | 618, 455
180 12) eat ae a 450, 800 5, 660 1, 515, 360 | 15, 877 | 2, 998, 080 12, 500 |138, 387, 800° 618, 455
1892. ai i i
nm DOlGb.. =i... - 52, 500 1, 125 17, 400 SBF Sao. obec |taceieaan|sesee social mee eee
Wh SS il (eS ee eee 33, 110 720 11, 040 LOM le teys sapere le catio sar locemioes aie cele esetoe
mani Diego... 2.....5.. 252, 000 i HELO ee ere eee ets | een ae ell eee Soe era | ey ae ee || EN ORE by OE
San Francisco....... 141, 890 2, 804 1, 988, 760 | 19, 888 | 2,880,000 | 12, 000 |15, 098, 700 | 698, 257
LG) ol oe 479, 500 6, 449 2,017, 200 | 20, 433 | 2, 880, 000 12, 000 |15, 098, 700 | 698, 257
Lae nt! Hair-seal, sea-
ere ae | torre ae | on artes (een Se | Algae
Years and counties. otter pelts.
Lbs. | Value.| Lbs. |Value.| No. Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. | Value.
1889.
BR NEPA OLOS S arets arate oa | =e nisio ia n)nia| cave <ie\ais Al eyeve lene eu | sosoees ZLB asosOh|| we2GO) SA88n eos wece| poeta
LSISu I, Ne a I ATMOROL SS NOOO emcee | See eet 2 ee aga eo ne (Ce
MVEONUCTOY o2.-5.----- OR SO OUER | res eich) | etevete eer (serach etre eerste -a ie aici cl| cera neysars|(eieicie eave 5, 800 $232
San Francisco. ...... 15, 000 OO EES OKOOD TAs OO) ee Uses etek eal Ce levee alle tnt aod || eee
Retlens ODISPO:. 2... |2-2.22---)2=56 se |e5- 22. -|aoeeees 78 OS Pea 210) |e ly LOTe tere en | eee ee
ROIS Unb ar ace 2.03 |) Set cee ee se See ee 181 | 3,423 4, 200 224 | 14,370 575
PROta ee ese ce 483, 000 | 38,190 | 41,250 | 5, 400 ‘474 4,198 | 44,610 | 1, 619 20, 170 ip 807
1890. i * rey it
BERRA POLOR Saas Fleece aes ns caciar| a0 eal Gaines 83 225 | 4,800 1 RBS ce ser Gecroce
“PTE AER RNS Sete eS ee eee ZY IOS 81 23; B00" | Pao el oe etal tere Somelloe obec < le aee se ase See
MVONGCTOY =. << ---- OOOO M| BAD wAGOy bes. eee he yar chee WR ete ate TCR alle 2 tee Oe 6, 500 260
San Francisco....... 10, 000 BOOM PSS COON RA ZOO ee SSNs URC RGR ERT as ayes eel oe eee lve
TLIO DIS DG s:c5,55)| oleate 2 aa/n [tora ae | eis eee cte| Seine? 53 TAB AON 4409/0 348 ee eos eee
oli, TeHTRe)OFFn pS ppp Mi RI SS al LD ea Jnceeeee 199 | 2,527 | 4,800 256 | 22, 845 914
Wotel.), 266,000 | 20,780 | 47,563 | 7,550| 335 | 2,895 | 50,040 | 1,791 | 29,345 | 1,174
1891 Nye Jb Toa d al aera
“Lanin peace 6S Eee Ee eae ie IPL 21) 6) Sell eae Bene aoe DI UA gal Me PO Dg AD BE kel As E92
Monterey.---.------+ BUEN eos VaR ae ON ie ta el ee hae a eal Ee ee ee esl eee 7, 780 310
San Francisco ....... 8, 000 240) F SieplUale4novO ssa ss Se Eee ee chee ot acces ga See Nase ek
oooh TUTTO)" Yee] (es SPs Se eel eros ee eae 133 359) 41940 | 1-408) | 2 es Sees
Mane BAT DALAL ss. [satel ki. . [peters = aye eaten |e------ 182 | 3,597 4, 500 240 ; 11, 361 455
Total.......... 308,760 | 24,200 | 49,762 | 7,770 | 315 | 3,956 | 46,440 | 1,643 | 19,141 | 765
SS [re re | [nn ——_———— _———— |
1892.
Los Angeles....-.-.. eae | Bee e SCE Se bosod eererns 121 SBF SS etealdase ces taseceee lease
SUT 5 AE See a aeaeee 118) TPs BOY J Ra ea Fs eae aly at ae is, pve (ea
Monterey.......--..- POMAGZEM RAS HOON ees ceeel cos sees Dac okc celta. caloteaces|lotcs 2 14, 835 593
San Francisco. ....-. 9, 000 AOU SemOOO aE ee SOOM eae tee clea e sale e eels cata Nl eae cel oes
BAI OUISDOssee. eer 5 ssedlacss an: -lecursccelboects 95 Z5Gq aOr Ola 1 200 aa cteeelaeosaas
“Lia: LSSTHEGAS Saeed e e eeee 85 | 2, 221 2, 150 112 | 13,490 540
if 1 366, 622 | 28,880 | 45, 625 | 8, 650 301 | 2,807 | 38,165 1, 312] 28, 325 1,133

188 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

SAN DIEGO COUNTY.

As compared with the last investigation, the fisheries of the most
southern county in California show considerable fluctuation. The
decrease in the general building trade had called to other sections of
the State a large number of men and their families, thus reducing the
home demand for food-fish, and consequently curtailing the extent of
the fisheries. Some attempts have recently been made to increase the
domestic and foreign trade in fish, but these efforts were scarcely suffi-
cient to retain the few fishermen employed. During 1892 a limited
quantity of fresh fish was shipped as far east as Denver, Colo., and oue
carload, made up of crawfish (1. e., spiny lobsters), fresh fish, and salted
fish, was sent to Chicago and Philadelphia in a refrigerator car. It was
probably the first attempt to dispose of the abundant crawfish of the
west coast in the markets east of the Rocky Mountains. At the time
of this experiment the true lobsters were very scarce and of high price
in the East, and the crawfish was regarded as a fair substitute and
met with a ready sale at good prices.

The yield of the fisheries of this county is nearly equally divided
between fish consumed in a fresh condition and those cured. The
aggregate amount of fish proper taken in 1892 was somewhat less than
in 1889, as may be seen from the following comparison:

Fish. 1889. 1892.

Pounds. Pounds.

PTGS Hie c-ceeei ce oa aise. on Sine Eye tee Dicinelam sosiacis Sie ee eeniselemne wate meme aieeeee aeeeine 630, 400 522, 000

COE CO eines cigs ce ec clans Se ne nee ee es aie anne Scie tine etic ieciseeiene eceice re ceere 530, 220 566, 365
| | =

11 8G) 21 Be ees aS 5 AS BiG Se DOC RE Ce Sosa bona CE a Ae CESS SOSSaRGaac | 1,160,620 | 1, 088, 365

Both the dry and pickle cured fish are largely exported to the Sand-
wich Islands. Five-eighths of the catch is taken by means of small
vessels ranging in size from 7 to 15 tons. These vessels in most cases
frequent grounds south of San Diego. Sometimes, if fish are not
found nearer, they resort to grounds 100 miles from the home port.
The crew usually consists of three men, who employ hand and troll
lines. About three-eighths of the catch is obtaied by small boats
fishing nearer the shore. The shore fishermen go out in the morning
and return the same evening, fishing along the coast some 10 to 15
miles south of San Diego, and about the same distance north from
Point Loma, at the entrance to the harbor of San Diego.

Chinese junks were formerly much used by the Chinese fishermen of
San Diego County. In 1888 thirteen of various sizes were engaged in
fishing. Year by year the Chinese have been withdrawing from the
business, deeming it too hazardous on account of the danger from
seizure by the Mexican Government for illegal fishing, and the possi-
bility of not being permitted to reeiiter the United States. The junk
fishermen, sailing ander no flag, have been obliged to pay alien port
charges, which materially reduced the profits of the business. In a

F

few cases the junks have been sold to American fishermen, the num-
bers by which they were known to the customs officials being sup-
planted by names. The junks used in San Diego County have declined
from 13 used in 1888, 6 in 1889 and 1890, to 1 in 1893.

The shore fisheries of this county are carried on from small cat, sloop,
or schooner rigged boats, carrying a crew of two men, who reside in
San Diego and market their catch in that city. A small camp of Por-
tuguese fishermen is found at La Playa, on the side of the bay opposite
San Diego. These fishermen man their boats singly, and cure all of
their catch, most of which is pickled for the Sandwich Islands trade.
Of the quantity pickled, about three-fourths are albacore, one-eighth
bonito, and one-eighth yellow-tail. The entire catch is taken by trolling.
When fishing each boat uses four 15-fathom lines, each provided with a
single hook. Just above the hook a decoy bait is fastened consisting
of a piece of bone sometimes cut to resemble a small fish, but in most
cases simply a narrow fragment without definite shape.

In the vessel fishery the same kinds of lines are employed, although
eight instead of four are used by each craft. The lines are fished from
the sides of the vessels, being rigged on poles in a manner similar to that
employed in the mackerel fishery of the Atlantic coast many years ago.

In hand-lining the men use what may be designated a reverse trawl,
not noticed elsewhere in the United States. The line is from 100 to 150
fathoms long and is provided with 25 to 50 hooks attached to gangings,
which in turn are fastened to the main line at intervals of a foot apart,
beginning at the bottom. The hooks are baited with either fresh or
salted fish. Such lines are used from the sides of the vessels in from
15 to 100 fathoms of water. The fishermen seem pleased with this rig,
and comment on its superiority over other forms of lines. Having
dropped the line over the side of the vessel to the bottom, they have a
string of baited hooks suspended that attract the fish much more effect-
ively than would be the case with a single hook or a series of hooks
arranged on the ordinary trawl. As soon asthe line reaches the bottom
the fishermen begin to draw it in and the fish follow it toward the surface.
Often as many as half the hooks are found to have fish on them.

The fishermen report no scarcity of fish on the grounds adjacent to
the Bay of San Diego, but few fish are now caught inside of the bay,
where fine fishing was formerly enjoyed. The city sewage and the
dumping of city refuse and garbage just outside of the harbor have, in
the opinion of the fishermen, prevented the fish from entering the bay.

In September, 1891, an experimental shipment of 3,660 pounds of
pickled fish was made to the Sandwich Islands. The fish met with
such favor that the business rapidly increased, until in 1892 the fish so
shipped amountedsto 34,500 pounds. The largest part of the pickled
fish consists of albacore, which are taken in abundance at all seasons
of the year, and range in size from 30 to 70 pounds. The principal
part of the catch is taken by trolling on the grounds some 10 miles

southwest from Point Loma. ‘The fish intended for the Sandwich
.

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 189

|

190 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Islands trade are prepared as follows: After the removal of the head
and viscera, the fish, without being split, are cut transversely into
slices 1 to 14 inches thick, which are thrown into vats of strong pickle, |
and after being throughly cured are packed into barrels and _half-
barrels for shipment. |

Among the invertebrate products of the fisheries of this county the
crawfish, or the spiny lobster, is most important. This crustacean
occurs in great abundanée and is taken in pots and drop nets of various
kinds. The pots used by one firm of fishermen are unique in being
made of iron, to better withstand the heavy swell and rough sea. Their
general style is similar to the traps used by the lobster fishermen of
Massachusetts. The frame is constructed of 32-inch gas-pipe, the body
of galvanized-iron wire, twine being used at the ends in the construc-
tion of the funnels. These pots are 20 inches square and 4 feet long.
It is claimed that they will emerge in good shape from usage that would
totally destroy the ordinary lobster pots. They were first used during
the winter of 1893.

The business of taking abalones continues of some importance.
These mollusks appear to have increased to some extent during the
past few years, owing to the discontinuance of the Chinese fisheries,
the low prices received for shells and meat affording no inducement to
white fishermen to undertake the business.

ORANGE COUNTY.

This is a county recently formed from parts of Los Angeles and other
adjacent counties. The principal center is Newport, which was for-
merly included in Los Angeles County. The fisheries consist in the
operations of a few fishermen located at Newport. The catch in 1892
amounted to about 75,000 pounds, which was hauled in teams to Santa
Ana, and sent thence by express to Los Angeles.

LOS ANGELES COUNTY.

The fisheries of this county present few changes in methods com-
pared with the conditions found in the previous investigation. There
has, however, been quite an increase in the extent of the industry, and
it is probable that the next few years will witness a still further aug-
mentation. New and competing lines of railroad have been opened
up, freight rates have been reduced, and new fishing stations have been
established. The centers in this county from which commercial fishing
is now prosecuted are Redomlo Beach, Ballona, Santa Monica, Long
Beach, San Pedro, and Wilmington.

Redondo Beach, located 22 miles from Los Angeles, was first reached
by railroad in November, 1889. Previous to the construction of this
road the few fishermen at this point sent their catch by teams to Los
Angeles. A marked increase in the important fisheries has ensued
since the establishment of rail communication with Los Angeles, the
catch being 51,700 pounds in 1889, and 181,905 pounds in 1892. Fishing
is here done by means of bag nets, gill nets, and hand lines, which are

a

‘ PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 191

operated along the beach from small boats. There being no harbor of
shelter, in stormy weather the boats and fishing gear are hauled high
up onthe beach. Fish are generally abundant and in large variety, and
the fishermen have no difficulty in speedily filling their dories.

At Ballona, located 8 miles north of Redondo Beach, four American

_ fishermen plied their vocation in 1889, 1890, and 1891, but abandoned
the business the following year. The catch averaged about 30,000
pounds annually. Two other small fishing-camps are located 25 and 6
miles, respectively, to the south of Redondo Beach.

The fishing business of Santa Monica is limited, the annual ship-
ments and local consumption aggregating only 75,000 to 100,000 pounds.

From Long Beach 30,000 to 35,000 pounds of fresh fish are annually
sent by express to Los Angeles by fishermen living at San Pedro and
Wilmington, but taking their fish off Long Beach. San Pedro, with
its safe harbor and good rail and steamboat facilities, as well as its
nearness to the fishing-grounds, continues to be the chief fishing center
in Los Angeles County. The fisheries have shown a steady increase,
largely on account of reduced rates for railroad transportation.

Large shipments of fresh, pickled, and dry fish are sent from this
point to San Francisco, Los Angeles, and other points. The total
quantities of fishery products sent from this place during the four
years ending 1892 were as follows:

Years. Pounds. | Value.
eager en eye eel el ern Siea(n cami ain eins alee Siam alae sealers, minor ole ai 480, 370 $17, 938
SEER ee NSS Ss od oe ee Se St Eciace satis «2 beeen cies + <uadetie = See aplasiede 2 547, 550 20, 702
I rare rh oS SUF iy tee fe Cree ck to me ne iarare Matai ain nti. > Mose ne Steieie 505, 385 19, 276
Penns es Tie Ie eee Heber tone 2S Sb cBh es bates euch bc tee Ssapeer Seccmesle od 650, 253 24, 444

Wilmington, by virtue of its shipping advantages, is the second
point of fishing importance in Los Angeles County. The quantities of
fresh and salt products distributed from this point during the years
named were as follows:

Years. By express.| By freight.| By team. | Total.

Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds.
a. wheneS its Ce SE ie ee es 131, 383 34, 645 102, 125 268, 153
Jae See ee oe TIO8 RR Sete 129, 100 18, 548 110, 415 258, 083
te dees Apes cette ee a eee aor eed 182,879 352, 263 35, 260 570, 402
ho. ao Se Se ee ee cme ee 69, 451 223, 045 20, 350 312, 846

The shipments by express and team consisted of fresh fish sent to
Los Angeles. The shipments by freight were salt fish, abalones, and
sea-lion pelts. In March, 1891, a firm located at this place began the
extensive curing of*fish. The business consisted chiefly in pickling
mackerel and barracuda and in packing sardines in kegs and small
packages. In March, 1892, the curing establishment was burned and
not rebuilt, this fact accounting for the diminution in the catch of this
county in 1892 as compared with 1891.

192 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

The quantities of cured fish shipped from Wilmington in the years
1889 to 1892, inclusive, were as follows:

Species. 1889. | 1890. | 1891. 1892.

Pounds. | Pounds. | Pounds. | Pounds.

INYO Ward le eae enassacia se oosceso na bbooancodcgecctnds sect sg sais 9, 023 9,059 | 175, 229 109, 457
Ware INeSs sae sees ee cae eee ee = we ee teteele alent tt tetanic 2, 256 2, 265 48, 807 27, 364
NS APTAC TIGA oe ce cote ce alter alates alate Steeieobe taletetalarareteterfot cate 6, 766 6,794 | 131,421 82, 094

UNO tiallit saeco cme aes oleh ale le fee See a reece ate late aie el = aaron iat bietelsteletere 18, 045 18, 118 350, 458 218, 915

Additional shipments of prepared products were as follows:

Products. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.
J MiG nal hn eine SACRO l BOC OUCDU OOS GCUROCCeaaEebCE pounds. . 3, 170 430 430) |2 22-2 -- oe
PAballone Shells ei cose. sece ek cc occa ecco accenose cemnise do. 22: 125400 aetna 1,375: | aaoees eee
Seca ito (aisle Sapeeseocee sa Orer es HOBOS OoDRoaon soAbLonnor dor TE j}000) S222 Stee steer eeeee - 4,130
Sie MElern Ohl po Gata Soe DeeeeSeaebaues Socerooobp uae ndsase gallons. . 960 6400 Soeeemacee Sea ee ee

Los Angeles, the principal community in the county, has no fisheries,
but is the chief distributing-point for fishery products caught in the
waters of the county and consumed in many of the interior towns of
southern California. Nearly all the fresh fish shipped from the different
fishing stations of the county is sent by rail or team to the wholesale
and retail dealers of Los Angeles. A somewhat unusual feature of the
business is the contracting by the dealers for all the fish caught by
the fishermen at a uniform price per pound, usually 4 cents, regardless
of the different species. Dealers in Los Angeles are experimenting in
the smoking, pickling, and canning of several of the desirable food-
fishes found on the coast of the county. The barracuda have been
smoked and pronounced by experts equal to finnan haddies, of which
considerable quantities were previously imported from the East. The
bull’s-eye mackerel has been pickled to some extent; this is a very
good food-fish in a fresh condition, but owing to the deficiency of fat
in its flesh it does not make a satisfactory pickled fish.

Some sardines of excellent quality have been packed in oil, mustard,
and other ways common to the trade. In the vicinity of San Pedro
and Santa Catalina Island, sardines are, in their season, found in large
quantities. During February, March, and April of each year small
sardines are usually abundant and in fine condition for canning. In
May and June the larger sardines arrive and appear to crowd out the
fish of smaller size. In July and August the large fish withdraw and
the small fish again become plentiful. Up to August the fish are gen-
erally in fine condition, but after that date at times the small fish are
usually of poor quality for canning. The larger sardines found in this
part of the State are somewhat smaller in size than those occurring in
San Francisco Bay, being of the size most suitable for packing in
half-pound cans in mustard and spices. There appears to be a bright
future for the sardine industry in this county, and the expansion of the
business may be confidently expected during the next few years.

2 aes
5 - 7 es

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 193

VENTURA COUNTY.

Less than half a dozen fishermen, with headquarters at Ventura,
represent the fishing industry of this county. Fish are abundant,
and the fishing business could no doubt be largely increased with profit

to the producer and benefit to the people of the interior, but at the
present time the entire catch is used locally. A branch of the Southern
Pacific Railroad connects Ventura with Los Angeles. Within compar-
atively few years this section of the State has rapidly developed and
the valleys have been settled by farmers and fruit-growers.

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY.

The fisheries of this county are prosecuted from Santa Barbara and
‘the adjacent islands, and present few new features as compared with
/1888. The branches of the fishing industry here followed are the
‘taking of the shore food-fishes, the hunting of sea otters and sea lions,
and the utilization of abalones and alge.

Fish are abundant at all seasons and the weather is mild and favor-
able for fishing throughout the year. The extent of the fisheries is,
however, quite limited and does not to any extent represent the
'resources of the county. The few fishermen here, mainly Austrians
_and Chinese, make a good living with little exertion, carrying on their
‘business only when the weather is perfect and they are so disposed.

Most of the catch is consumed locally, the demand being considerable
‘during the winter months, when thousands of visitors and tourists are
‘found in this section. In summer but small quantities of fish are taken.

Three camps of fishermen and sea-lion hunters are located on the
islands of Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa, the fishermen being Americans
and Chinese. The former give attention to sea lions and sea otters,
while the Chinese take most of the alge and abalones, and prepare the
dry fish which are exported.

Sea lions are taken at San Miguel and Flea Islands and on Richard-
‘son’s Rock. They are hunted for their oil, which brings about 40 cents
| per gallon, and their hides, which are worth about 4 cents per pound.
~The skins are tanned and make serviceable leather. Many of the sea
| lions are of large size. Of late years there has been quite a demand
| for live specimens to be placed in public parks and gardens in some of
| the eastern cities, and a considerable number have also been shipped
_alive to Europe. In 1891, 34 sea lions, weighing 9,580 pounds, were

shipped east from this county, and in the following year 17, weighing
' 6,470 pounds, were so disposed of. The sea lions sought for their oil

and hides are killed by means of guns, while those captured alive are
taken by throwing a lasso over their heads.

Six American fishermen in three boats hunt the sea otters around the
islands of San Miguel, Santa Rosa, and San Nicholas. The number
killed is quite small and the animals are growing scarcer each year.

Thirty were taken in 1889, 20 in 1890, 12 in 1891, and 8 in 1892, the
pelts having an average value to the hunters of $150,

F. R. 93——13 “

194 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Of late years abalones have been more abundant. The low price of
shells which had for some time prevailed offered small inducement
for even the frugal Chinese to take these mollusks, which consequently
had an opportunity to increase. The Chinese gather from the rocks
large quantities of algz, which they dry, pack in bales, and export to
China, where it is used in making soups. During 1892 13,490 pounds
of dried alg were shipped from Santa Barbara.

SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY.

Compared with the extent of the fisheries shown in the previous
report the fishing industry of this county has undergone a slight
increase, as gauged by the quantity and value of the products taken.
Port Harford, with the steamboat and railroad connections, is the most
important of the several fishing stations of the county, the others
being located at Morro and Cazucos, 15 and 21 miles, respectively,
north of Port Harford, and at San Simeon, a shore whaling station
some 20 miles farther north.

The catch of food-fish in 1892 was unusually light, owing to scarcity.
of mackerel and barracuda; the catch of the former at Port Harford
was 105,000 pounds in 1891 and only 7,300 pounds in 1892, the catch of
barracuda falling off from 50,000 pounds to 750 pounds.

In close proximity to Port Harford are Pecho Rock and Lion Rock, |
which are favorite resorts for a large number of sea lions, which are’
hunted for their pelts and oil. The extent of this branch of the fish--
eries in the years 1890, 1891, and 1892 was as follows:

|

Pelts.

Liat etal Oil. |
Years oe | |

* | Pounds. | Value.| Gallons. | Value.

2 = | - |
Tea Hee Ba actin es Roa tate Spur gi Te a ee epee 53 | 3,577 | $143 292 $73
SUT yee eee NU one eee ne oe rae 133 | 8,978; 359 732 183
TIE Dae Nee DR PY OIE Miia MR CREAR Seo bee 95 | 6412 | 256 522 130
|

The shore whale fishery, which was at one time carried on with con-
siderable activity from a number of stations along the California coast,
is now restricted to the limited operations of a few fishermen at San
Simeon, at the northern end of this county. The results of the busi-
ness during the past four years were as follows:

il ‘

k Whales | 3 Oe

Years. killed 7
| os | Gallons. | Value.

=| 1
10) Sn eee ee eas She a Grete bee ce ASS Ee 5 4, 000 $1, 600
TEST ea ee ne ea RL yer tate Meee CAN shah Ne Se ies 5 ois SiG amabers 7\ 5, 000 2, 000
MB OTRAS 5 boisiok Site larrs asa heoin dre lel ats ya eS See Oca OU eae batons eee ere eae lias Ba 7 5, 000 2, 000
IGS) ae Se ee eee A in Re PNR er eer ee aa a bk a ee 5 4, 000 | 1, 600

}
MONTEREY COUNTY.

The fisheries of this county have a peculiar interest in that Monterey
Bay, the principal fishing-ground, represents the limit of migration of
many fishes; shad and salmon, for instance, are here found in some
numbers, but do not occur south of Monterey Bay, while a large variety |

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 195

, of fish annually migrate northward as far as this section which are

p
yl

|

seldom found in any abundance in higher latitudes. Among the latter
are the mackerel, bonito, albacore, and barracuda. The fishermen of
this county usually find a great abundance of fish and have the choice
of a larger number of species than is found elsewhere on the west coast.
The other economic water products of this county consist chiefly of
squid and alge. With few exceptions the fishermen are Portuguese
or Chinese, the latter comprising two-thirds of the fishing population.
Most of the Portuguese are naturalized citizens.

Nearly all of the catch of both whites and Chinese is sent by steamer
or rail to San Francisco. The squid and dry fish shipped by the Chi-
nese are in large part reshipped to the Sandwich Islands or China.
The quantities of fresh fish sent to market by the white and Chinese
fishermen of this county were somewhat less in 1892 than during the
three previous years, aS shown in the following table. The species
Shipped are specified in the detailed tables elsewhere presented.

Statement of fresh fish shipped to San Francisco by fishermen of Monterey County.

Fishermen. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.
oes bs
Pounds. Pounds. | Pounds.| Pounds.
MELEE tee arctan) Sai taracis wares mics sd we ele calaibaisee elas eras 97S, 507 | 1,180,962 | 825, 338 672, 129
BeMEMC ROS esti chit ste siinsiaes sop wow q lesa decee se obge 345, 849 369,250 | 157,015 199, 380
rn eee SS RE See iS See te koe ei SA ee 1, 325, 356 | 1, 500, 212 | 982,353 871, 509

The following shipments were also made by the Chinese fishermen,
consisting of dry fish, squid, and abalones and abalone shells, and alge:

Products. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.
Pounds. | Pounds. | Pounds. | Pounds.

USES UN Oe aie aoe eiedns tie a ci alcimrecm inte avarsl se fah alates araln(ci etavsrerard’a’ des 102, 000 64, 000 61, 240 63. 830
PRUENING ete CSS ace wept ee ce pada eae hese Setecemieeeemicls 468, 000 256, 000 300, 760 357, 622

RPEIBLGEO A iela iets SE ie Soe aictera sto Re oo ya ais sia sanminic Tie cisid cote 1, 150 1, 300 900 :
BREET STIOIIS 25s omisha aes aa ws bs aetnrc isle alersimece s Ae 2, 700 3, 100 2, 800 2, 954
MEMO efor ch ine Sal etete e isco hie aloes alee ae ce ee 5, 800 6, 500 | 6, 500 14, 835
PRONE SAN eo creer atte ate elt re en SSRN Re ecb mio haeialcis'eioie a miete 579, 650 330, 900 372, 200 440, 476

SANTA CRUZ COUNTY.

The fisheries of Santa Cruz County present no new features as
compared with the conditions recorded in the last report. The quan-
tity of fish taken shows a small increase each year, but the industry
may be regarded as only imperfectly developed. Shad are found along
the coast of this county, but do not appear to be undergoing the marked
increase in numbers*which is witnessed in the more northern counties
of the State. In 1889 20,000 pounds were taken, and in 1892 the
catch was 35,000 pounds. Salmon are also caught in limited quanti-
tieseach year. The few fresh-water streams entering the ocean on this

part of the coast probably accounts for the small increase in shad and
:

196 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

salmon. The bulk of the catch consists of flounders, rockfish, smelt,
and sturgeon, and neatly the entire yield is sent fresh to San Francisco.
The shipments of fresh fish during each of the four years ending 1892
were as follows: | .

Years. Pounds. | Value.
IR a sd aon cpeaeoseenbacdoc ccodasoncone cos Se Sao oee Me ees eo A 249, 960 $9, 998
1 Ree ee eee ae eee eae San ooo eas sob oS doGaoneCeneds Aco: popsagooS - 310, 776 12, 431
SOW ese ES SRS ER 5 Siow eS ete miele ee ete ae ORI era TAs eee re a nt te ersten tele ae orate Cee 330, 694 18, 226
1: pe eee eee iar SPS mono o oe Shicuna be sa Sands abeolddae eae onceutoc as 354, 213 14, 169

SAN FRANCISCO COUNTY AND VICINITY.

By far the most extensive fisheries of California are located at San
Francisco, which has the distinction of being the most important fish-
ing center on the Pacific Coast of North America. Besides maintaining
valuable fisheries, the city is the principal market for the product of
nearly every county in the State and is in very close relation with the
adjacent counties of Contra Costa, Solano, Sonoma, and Marin.

The branches which give prominence to this region are the general
market fisheries of San Francisco Bay and tributaries and of the
adjacent ocean, the cod fishery, the whale fishery, the fur-seal and sea-
otter fishery, the oyster industry, and the Chinese fisheries. These
have been so fully described in the previous report that it is only nee-
essary at this time to record their extent and the few changes whicb
have ensued.

PHYSICAL FEATURES OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY AND TRIBUTARIES.

A large part of the salt-water and fresh-water fish received in San
Francisco is taken in San Francisco Bay and its tributary bays and
streams. This inland water area is of large extent and well adapted to
the support of a large amount and variety of animal life. The quantity
of fishery products annually withdrawn from these waters is enormous,
but it is doubtful if the full resources are utilized or appreciated.

In a general way the dimensions of San Francisco Bay and the
smailer bays connected therewith may be stated as follows: From
the southern end of San Francisco Bay, bordering on Santa Clara
County, to San Francisco is a distance of 25 miles, the width of the bay
being from 2 to 10 miles. Between San Francisco and the entrance
of San Pablo Bay the distance is 11 miles; San Pablo Bay is 10 miles
long and from 8 to 10 miles wide. Karquines Strait, which connects
San Pablo Bay with Suisun Bay, is 8 miles long and $ to 1 mile wide.
Suisun Bay is 16 miles long and from 4 to 6 miles wide. The total
length of these connected waters is about 70 miles.

At the northern end of Suisun Bay, in Solano County, the two largest
rivers in the State have their outlets. A peculiar feature of these
rivers, probably not found elsewhere in the United States, is the rela-
tion existing between their respective sources and outlets. The San

Joaquin takes it rise in the semitropical section of the southern part

| of the State, and flows northward hundreds of miles through a warm
region. The Sacramento, with its head waters among the perpetually
snow-covered Sierra Nevada Mountains, flows south many hundred
miles, and, through numerous passages, mingles with the San Joaquin
and is lost in the tide waters of the bay. These two streams constantly
carry with them a large amount of minute animal and vegetable life,
much of which must find a congenial home in San Francisco Bay and
furnish a large and varied quantity of food for the fish life of the fresh,
brackish, and salt waters.

Another interesting feature of the bay is the almost uniform temper-
ature of the water, there being only a few degrees variation at any
season of the year. That the conditions are extremely favorable to
the support of aquatic life is demonstrated in the rapid increase and
permanent residence of the several fine food-fishes introduced from the
Atlantic Coast by the Government. Some of the fishes thus acclima-
tized are naturally anadromous, but in San Francisco Bay, contrary
to their usually migratory habits, they do not appear to have any
desire to spend much if any of their existence in the ocean.

Another feature which has its influence upon the quantity of animal
life present in San Francisco Bay is the absence of fishing banks or
submerged chains of mountains off the coast of California adjacent to
the Golden Gate. Fishing-grounds such as are found off the coast
of the Atlantic States do not occur within many hundred miles of the

California coast. It may therefore be assumed that during very stormy
’ weather numbers of the near-shore marine fishes would seek food and
shelter inside the Golden Gate, where, finding favorable conditions,
‘Many remain.

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 197

THE MARKET FISHERIES.

The fresh-fish business of San Francisco presents few changes or
improvements. Fish are handled in the same primitive manner often
described and always noticed by everyone that takes any interest in
visiting the fish markets. The fish are seldom dressed and but a small
amount of ice is used. Several of the dealers united as one company
during 1892 and have made quite an improvement in having larger and
more inviting quarters in which to transact their business. Six days
in the week, every week in the year, with the exception of a few stormy
days, the little lateen-rigged fishing boats sail out in the morning for
the same fishing-grounds, with the same kind of fishing gear, nets, or
trawls; with little trouble they catch the same varieties of fish, and the
evening finds them back in their fishing dock.

The use of steamers, recommended in a previous report, in place of
Sail vessels is slowly taking place. The first steamer to engage in the
market fisheries began work in or about 1885, This vessel was a tug
that combined towing part of the time witb fishing, when not other-
_ wise engaged. During 1891 several of the wholesale firms united and
added two steamers to the busiyess, and in 1892 one more was added,

198 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

making four steam vessels then in the market fishery. Some of these
steamers are continually engaged in the fishing business, and at most
times all four of them are. They leave the fishing dock early every
morning, except Saturday, which is their day of rest, made so from the
next day being Sunday, in which they could not dispose of their catch,
as they return in the evening of the same day they leave. The steamers
leave the fishing dock and soon pass out through the Golden Gate;
turning north, a run of a few hours brings them to their usual fishing-
grounds in Drake Bay, where the paranzella or drag net is scon in the
water, and the steamer slowly drags it along the bottom until it is
thought best to reel it in, empty the catch, and repeat the operation.

The steamer’s crew consists of captain, engineer, fireman, and four
to six fishermen, who are hired by the month.

The catch consists mostly of flounders and the numerous varieties of
flattish, with a small amount of many other kinds of bottom fish, some
of which are saved and others thrown overboard quite likely to be
recaught the following day, as nearly the same fishing-ground is gone
over day after day, and generally the catch is equally good.

One good result of the use of steamers is that the catch can always
be landed fresh and only a few hours at most from the time the fish
were freely Swimming in the ocean.

The many varieties of salt-water fish caught by the market fisher-
men outside of the Golden Gate have as a general thing been of an
average abundance and ample for the needs of the market. Of the
anadromous fishes, shad and striped bass have wonderfully increased
in the market. The price of the latter has fallen from 75 cents or $1 a
pound, which was freely paid in 1889, to 10 to 15 cents a pound in 1892,
Shad, which a few years after their introduction brought $5 each, have
year by year largely increased in numbers, and the price has fallen in
the market as low as 25 cents for two fish, or about 3 cents a pound, the
fishermen often receiving as little as a cent a pound. Salmon have in
few instances been very plentiful, but the season’s catches on the whole
have not been satisfactory. The tables by counties will show the ecateh
of these and all other species for the past four years.

A conspicuous part of the fresh-fish supply of San Francisco is taken
in San Francisco Bay and the adjoining bays to the north. Between
San Francisco and the southern end of the bay the principal fisheries
carried on are for oysters, shrimp, herring, and smelt. At the extreme
end, and for a few miles above on each side, are the only cultivated
oyster beds in the State. These embrace several hundred acres. At
many places in San Francisco Bay may be found the remains of native
oyster beds in the shape of very small shells. Where native oysters
are found alive their size is too smali to render them of any commercial
value. Investigations made by the United States Fish Commission
disclosed the existence of a number of these native oyster beds that
were not previously known, most of which were south of San Fran-
cisco, although a few were in the vicinity of San Pablo Bay. On some

PLATE 3.

(To face page 199.)

Pacific Coast Fisheries.

Report U. S. F. C. 1893.

jidsingortess

VINYOSIIVS SONIGNV1 VOVOSSd NOILVIS DNIGNO GOO

t

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 199

_of these old beds were found numbers of medium-sized eastern oysters
in good condition. These were probably the outcome of spat that had

drifted with the tide from the cultivated beds of eastern oysters.

Next in importance to the oyster industry is the shrimp fishery

carried on by the Chinese. At several points on the west side of the

southern part of the bay are located extensive camps of the Chinese ~
fishermen, while in close proximity to their camps along the borders
of the bay and as far out as the main channel may be seen hundreds

_of their shrimp nets fastened to stakes.

From the middle of January to the middle of June smelt are more or
less abundant and taken with nets along the west shore and along the
border of the channel. From November to February herring and smelt
are netted on the east side of the bay. From San Francisco to a dis-
tance 5 miles south smelt are caught during July and August, and a
short distance south on the east side of the bay smelt and herring are
found in December and January.

The foregoing comprise all of the principal fishing done within that
part of the bay south of San Francisco. Just inside the Golden Gate
primitive traps to the number of several hundred are fished for crabs.
The first of the winter catch of herring is taken in Richardson Bay
north of the Golden Gate, in which is located one of the large stations
for the receiving and curing of cod. Another important station con-
nected with the cod fishery is found a few miles distant on the main
bay, these comprising all the firms that are engaged in the cod fishery
of California. From the harbor of San Francisco to the upper extrem-
ity of Suisun Bay salmon, shad, and striped bass are netted from April
to the middlé of September, the principal part of the run of fish being
taken in or near the channel. On each side of the entrance to San
Pablo Bay the Chinese fishermen, whose operations were fully noticed.
in the previous report, continue to have their camps and follow their
important fisheries for shrimp and the smaller species of bottom fish.
On the west side of San Pablo Bay sturgeon and flounders are taken
between February and May.

The fisheries of Suisun Bay are limited to the taking of salmon,
shad, and striped bass.

THE PACIFIC COD FISHERY.

This branch of the Pacific fisheries is making history, although in
many respects differing from the much older one of the Atlantic.

Since the landing of the first cargo in 1864, up to 1893, the few firms

engaged in the catching and curing of codfish have seen many fluctua-
tions and changes in the business. The increase which the industry
has undergone has only been reached by seeking the widely separated
and distant markets of the Atlantic Coast, the Sandwich Islands, and
Australia. Changes have taken place in the mode of preparing the
fish for market. A small amount is yet called for in the old style, hard
dried with skin on and tied up in bundles of 75 to 100 pounds; but
_

200 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

most of the fish after curing are stripped of their skins, cut up, and
packed as boneless fish. This modern way of placing cod on the market
has been most favorably received in Australia, where the American
boneless cod has nearly driven the hard-cured “stock fish” of northern
Europe from the market.

Changes are taking place in the grounds resorted to by fishermen.
The distant Okhotsk Sea and far eastern waters, where attention was
first called to the cod of the Pacific, have nearly been abandoned by
American fishermen for the nearer home fishing-grounds of Bering
Sea, and the vessel fisheries of the latter are giving way to the estab-
lishment of permanent fishing stations on the islands bordering Bering
Sea. Both American and native fishermen remain at these stations
and fish on the adjacent banks, which are quickly and easily reached
by small boats. The fares are soon taken, and on returning to the
station the fish are dressed, salted, and packed away until vessels from
San Francisco arrive. These bring salt for curing and supplies for the
men, and return with loads of kench-cured fish to be unloaded at the
home station, and there prepared as boneless cod.

Firms at San Francisco engaged in the cod fishery have branch sta-
tions at the following points on the Shumagin Islands: Sand Point,
Red Cove, Company Harbor, Squaw Harbor, Ikaluk, Chichagof Bay,
Henderson Island, Unga Island, Nelson Island, Pirate Cove, Sanborn,
Rasatska, Johnson’s Harbor, and Port Stanley.

The San Francisco cod fleet in Okhotsk Sea in 1889 and 1890 con-
sisted of two brigs of 618 tons, whose aggregate catch was 1,168,484.
pounds and 1,123,941 pounds, respectively. During 1891 no American
cod vessels visited that region. In 1892 a three-masted schooner of
369 tons took 516,000 pounds of cod.

The extent of the Bering Sea cod fishery carried on by San Francisco
vessels during the four years beginning 1889 was as follows, two small
schooners being employed in transporting the catch:

No. of vessels. Catch.
Years. leone Tonnage.
Brigs. geeeees Pounds. | Value.
NIB RO Seas oie lcinln ais wrote c's cima nia ere Se mtete SC Rn oe ee 1 2 208 294, 940 $7, 374
SOO sac Sates wise ancicee ene wee gare a6 nice a oe ete 2 2 376 655, 188 16, 378
BU eres Ble a wcetie c'cje bee ae brad See iae CeCe ee eee ene 4 3 1,120 2,114, 711 52, 868
BOO iin civic bd qateetie de couse Kee es one Senet Ce eeneee 4 2 994 1, 742, 155 43, 554

The aggregate receipts of salt cod by San Francisco firms, specified
by fishing-grounds, are shown for four years in the following table:

Grounds, 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.

Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. | Pounds.

Wkinotaky Shas 22 bs. cide alaisies BERR cet ai Saan eee eee 1, 168, 484 A MOB IOST: oh skeen ee ccs 516, 006
FROTINO SOAS sos ane a cise seni hese See eee eee EER Eee 294, 940 655,138 | 2,114, 711 1, 742, 155
MslanosoteAlaskais 5 2Leh5. 222.023 5 fee ey 1,134,775 | 1,659,602 | 1,637, 000 | 2, 208, 035

TRE ocbcs 5 abn Seen coe AaseSconmene Saud aooece 2,598,199 | 3,438,681 | 3,751, 711 4, 466, 190

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 201

Vessels going to Okhotsk Sea on cod-fishing trips usually leave San
' Francisco about May 1 and return home by the latter part of Septem-
ber. Thestart for Bering Sea is made early in April and the home port
is reached toward the end of August. There is considerable difference
in the size and value of the codfish found in different parts of Bering
Sea. As time passes and more knowledge of the extensive fishing banks
_ is gained, fish of larger size, with thicker flesh and of better quality,
are taken. A decided improvement in the quality of the catch is noticed
' compared with a few years back.

On entering Bering Sea vessels first anchor and begin fishing on
Slime Bank, at the entrance to Bristol Bay. Cod are not always plen-
tiful in this locality and, if scarce, a move is made to grounds off Port
Moller, which is the region resorted to during June and July. Itis
fished over for some 10 miles northwest and southeast of Port Moller.
Occasionally two trips are made, or a vessel will start later than the
date mentioned; if so, the catch during August and September is
obtained farther north, off Cape Pierce and Hagemeister Island.

THE PELAGIC FUR-SEAL AND SEA-OTTER FISHERY,

The high price commanded by seal pelts in recent years and the
almost fabulous sums received for the sea-otter skins, incidentally
obtained in the same fishery, have resulted in a marked increase in this
branch of the San Francisco fisheries. The size of the fleet increased
from six vessels in 1889 to eighteen in 1892, with a corresponding
advance in the yield of fur seals, although the number of otters killed
was in almost inverse ratio to the size of the fleet.

In addition to the home fleet, vessels from Oregon and Washington
come to San Francisco for outfits and crews. Early in January the
vessels are busy making ready, and by the middle of February all have
sailed. On leaving San Francisco on a sealing trip vessels usually go
but ashort distance, some 50 miles west or southwest, before the hunt-
ing begins. Sometimes the day after leaving port seals are fallen in
with, quite a catch is made, and the vessels will be back in port, having
been away less than forty-eight hours. The first to sail in 1892 left
December 28, and returned January 20, 1893, with 207 skins. Again,
not meeting with the moving herds, a vessel will cruise along the
southern coast or to the southwest for a few hundred miles, and then,
heading to the north, will work up the coast. The business is at the
best quite uncertain. Some vessels at the close of the season have a
fine balance, others little, if anything, and may show quite a loss.

The sealing crews as a rule ship on a lay or share, which varies some-
what with the different vessels. The captain usually has a private
agreement at so mueh a month, with or without a share cr percentage.
The first mate receives one-fifteenth of the stock or $65 a month, or $10
a month and 40 cents for each seal taken by the boat he isin. The
second mate, if by the month, gets $30 to $45. The cook and steward,

combined in one, is paid $45 to $50 a month. The cabin boy receives
>

902. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

$15 to $20 a month. The seamen, if on a lay, are entitled to one-
hundredth of the stock, but most of them receive 50 cents for each seal
taken by the boat in which they are. Hunters, so known, are the men
who shoot the seals; they usually receive $2 for each seal and $6 to $7
for each otter that they may kill and secure. The owners of the vessels
furnish all food, guns, ammunition, and other needed supplies, and in
case seals are not found they are the ones to suffer the loss, the crew
being out their time only.

The extent of this fishery from 1889 to 1892, inclusive, is shown in
condensed form in the following table:

The pelagic fur-seal and sea-olter fleet of San Francisco.

Vessels. Seal skins taken. Sea-otter skins
taken.
Years. : cake oe
| No. | Tonnage. No. | Valve No. | Value.
ASSO meee cae coe cisiniee sinless iste sinieeiens adem cSISeess 6 | 377.99 1, 691 $15, 219 277 $27, 700
TRU er ae ct es Ws Le a a Oe I a 9 633.37 | 5,818 | 69,816 | 273 27, 300
GO A Ce Seat ouh eka Seah aoee scpeoe aso en east A eas 1, 153. 58 8, 948 134, 220 151 30, 200
NS eee eee sete leeeiein nein ole cintefele minieteleie steteteteieminis 18 1, 308. 36 | 14, 710 167, 526 227 34, 950

The average number of seals and sea otters taken by each vessel
varied greatly during the four years named, and shows the uncertainty
attending the prosecution of this fishery. Some vessels returned home
without having taken a single pelt, while others obtained as many as
2,600 skins. The following brief statement of averages, based on the
foregoing table, shows some interesting points:

Seal skins. Sea-otter skins.
Years. Average | Average | Average | Average
number to | stock to a | number to | stock to a
a vessel. vessel. a vessel. | vessel.

Ds geSteced ceo rc Caer none SHOE Saat atbor sccm sarin 282 $2, 536 46 | $4, 617
UCU ose qbe dope aa qoceceeedace coco chebo ses asosccoqne 646 4, 157 30 3, 033
SOLER eee ho mcses mee cee me eieten ce alee nena see ere 559 8, 389 10 1, 887
1 BOD Hoes eee EE SPEER See oe cee Re ee Saat on ee 817 10, 470 12 1, 942

THE WHALE FISHERY.

Probably no other business on the Pacific Coast with anything like
the capital invested is followed with the uncertainty of the Arctic whale
fishery. One year may witness a remunerative fishery, to be followed
the next season with heavy loss of life, money, and property. The
fishery continues to center at San Francisco, which, in addition to
having a large local fleet, is the permanent headquarters of numbers
of vessels belonging in New Bedford, Mass.

With the low prices received for oil, the whale fishery would soon
come to an end were it not for the more valuable whalebone. Often
during recent years only the bone has been saved if other whales are
in sight, the remainder of the carcass being cast adrift. The market
price of whalebone has ruled high, with wide fluctuations from time to

f

tj

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 203

time. During 1891 the price varied from $4 to $5 a pound for Arctic
bone; in April, 1891, it had advanced to $6.50,and in October had
dropped to $5, closing in December at $5.75. The opening price in
1892 was $5.62, with sales up to $6; as the season wore on it declined
to $5, and later in the year to $4. During the early fall, news of the
success or failure of the Arctic fishery is anxiously looked for, and the
market is governed by the same. The prices given are eastern quota-
tions, and do not make much difference to the seamen engaged in the
taking of the whales; although they ship on a lay, or share, the price
of whalebone and oil is usually agreed on in advance.

The extent of the whaling business carried on by vessels owned at
San Francisco is shown in condensed form in the following table:

Summary of the San Francisco whale fleet and its operations, 1890 to 1892.

WeaniG Vessels.
umber
sat —| Advances
Years. of fisher- Num-/} Net ton- ivalne Value of to crews.
wen: ber. nage. nae outfit.
OM == CS RBG ES ae eee Seeger 1, 090 32 8, 174. 61 $572, 000 $276, 297 $112, 135
OS 5 tS a Se ere 1, 059 31 7, 626. 10 570, 000 263, 756 108, 628
BSC r ee eae fare clam aia aiainiwiqeie'e a's 1, 240 36 8, 983. 16 648, 500 302, 060 126, 026
Whalebone. Sperm oil. | Whale oil. Total
Years. SS S| te value of
Pounds. | Value. | Gallons. | Value. | Gallons. | Value. catch.
ey 2 4, |
USO Doge See Cees 168, 303 | $710,239 6,121 | $3,979 | 286,901 | $120,498 | $834,716
eee i iscsi hoc astaaciaie en' = 218, 781 | 1,177, 042 3, 472 2,396 | - 226, 866 106, 627 | 1, 286, 065
PRGUMEAEL arb ee ies: BO ET AC) 192, 950 | 1,032,282] 12,804! 8,579 | 192,895] 81,016 | 1,121,877

There is no fishery in the United States in which a more heterogene-
ous personnel is found than in the Pacific whale fishery. Nearly every
State and every nation is represented, as will appear from the follow-
ing tables based on the official shipping lists :

Table showing the nativity and nationality of the persons employed on the San Francisco
whaling fleet in 1892.

| T . | .

Countries. Nativity.| Ba | Countries. Nativity. nee
Wnited States....2--.-.-.---- 438 639 || New Zealand...........-.-.-. Sy Wee aateeeete
2b ee 6 De NOMEN SCO tia oases. ern ne ce 3 VEG bcme ens etec
ACS TUE As ei I ae aoee. NOD Wayse conse seesaw soos 50 38
“SES eo eee 5 5 || Portugal ...-- qoswericioneaseod 110 79
Lone Se ee ee 3 S| LEG STEMS OR eae ee es aaa seeie 19 16
21g Ti aS Bees ae ee 13) |aseges cate South America.............. 14 8
1 COE ye ee 27 PAI Syaknlit Saoueqereadaeaaaneaeene 58 55
Mast Indies ....--...--------: Z| aes ta Scotland’ 24-0 encom ea ene 85) lesicewnteiae
(ETL G Bis. A 115 181 || Sandwich Islands .-...-..-.. 31 28
BEML Geiss cece cee ce =e 22 ASUS wahzerlandecssssssece ere coe 6 4
PPMNAU ANN So 5-2 = oo animes = ss 108 W60\| Swedenl.2-c2-csec.caea-isc 2) 69 49
EMP E 50,5 ois ac/siw sis = oe =~ 11 Dalat Helena 98S. 25e- cena al Rae ee
LGN) SCORES eee tt| BABB eee United States of Colombia.. 2 2
Eee ae Bou lesees stieoe Wiestiindies®:+o0-s5:-5-22252 1B ime = ae
POE iileem a0) 2.220. ae 8 8 —_— —_—
a0 a ae 4 4 Cotaltnasscasecsseees- 1, 240 1, 240
New Brunswick -...........- 7A els 26

* The nationality of the fishermen of the various British provinces is shown in the aggregate under
the general head of England.

= >

anil

904 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Of the native-born citizens on the whaling vessels, the following
States were represented to the extent shown:

States and Territories. 1892. States and Territories. 1892.
PAT SDAIN Aisjars sels Samm isloeic ale sine ln sell =m eee US| Wibt GEOR SaaptommaancoassnDabapdscsenaaacc 3
Waltorniae. 2a. sce eee ee ease eines 77° MASsOurits: 2. =ccbises oe scene chee taste ne aceee 9
Golorado:. 22.6 S222 Anes eee eee eee Si SMionbana..<s02 e252 coke cooks cee bee enmelen 1
Connectient).<. 32128 Sse Seas sa oe eee ti INebraska. 2.5 fs5%2 5. Jaseni ese eee 2
Wels Ware seein ec coc see ne cee Romeee Eee ee Dall NO VAG Bie hoa ccc reatcon Macon ee ene eee 3
Districu of ‘Colamipisi. 32-4) ee ee nee tee 5 North Carolinas. 2) te sthce asec a weee ee 2
IOENKG) Tt iaR esp Loose sea Macaqecepencussasac Di ING@waWonk.{o oes. tes oP Bea Oe). ereeete ae 7
CROmIG 2 ee tee =e wie earn a nee ere siaiete ate a ere SAI ENIOW) DeRSSya. kee ae ae eee eee eee 2
(CGS ae wh ssdedoacuanouacdses onasceeqojs DW OMTO tay ce mac cins ae soe ae ce ee cee ee ae ere 10
LIN GIS 2) Ce ece eee ee kee a ee oe ee 153||Oregonlssh! S25. 25 PLES ae sera weeetaoeee 4
IONGb ENS eeehg se syesencee Ser tos cedesoeeneane PA eG iy wa bt eee Gaye on Seeeee cosas accmoc 21
OWS: soles oh o-oo oscar meine Aes cmacietaets Gril Rhode dTsland’s 2222. fete cettee te eeee ete 3
IMANGAS fF cares oehe eect ee eter oe se errriael: Zul WABMONG=.c-2% ciao See c eh asee aoe e eer renee 2
WD BS adoddee ds Acd SES touasasun cee cecsaen ZEN AVANT aie toto Bn oe ee ee eon ake etree 3
Wiha byt hsp aonecepactoreos seer sanoresa seas 9.5) |\ WascoOnsin 2225)... 22.cecsleclencicies seinen 3
MassachHsetts> se cece ste- ees Sao aceon 122 —<—
WERETEEN 9) ie s55he toe. sosenconessHosedsssoc 1 Potala ts eet se ae eee ae eee meer 438
WhteWri a oeaseeacouapssoconnogeodar oseads 6

The names, rigs, and tonnage of the vessels constituting the fleet

were as shown in the following table:

Years engaged.
Name. Rig Hew ton: =
nage. | 1890. | 1891. | 1892.
PAUL GO TaNeyera\pateiainiataVicte aisle. le tele, So -isteinieicieimin ei ieiatetote(are lolol iareielpiolalatoloiaiae Vain Sch - 84. 30 Xx x x
INEREINUD® eaaacpecsaop so 580s a soascnomasconSededs a s9Uaoded amare Brig 128.88 | xX x xa
IBoundin SBM OW ee =n sane ae erninnlai eee eae eo Bark 228.83 | X x x
IB Gr ale maemo ee ote sae nisin nis sa ane ester ci clatala) alatelslea@eiaitaints Str 409. 48 x x x
ppaleona. See ace ean they eee se oe eee einen bye canteen ee = eee 5 389. 67 x x x
PRONE Zo asee sees see eee = Sane eee eeeere <i seaee sieeeremiata eee 128.70 | xX x x
Balke liys: | Base 3 Be Ho Re ee Eas Seer Sine caee eerie tes 13 304s | memset | aoe x
LO Sap eeeeeeere ha OSes Sam aes oe BB aS fod snouaeaaae 281.71 | XO )-.2-<-|-<- <5
K. F. Harriman -.- 366.10 | xX Xx x
Grampus.-..--.-..- 250.26 | xX x x
Helen Mar 308. 13 Xx x xe
PIRI TION Ne oo 5.3 aaa) as Peis ane ware ee oae ee see ae Eee see creme ne 337. 38 x x x
Pitdal coe 2 520 ea. Sq eee ae Se SSE SEE Pe ce eee eee 165.96 | xX x x
Jane Gray 5 107.07 | X x Xx
SoOlnMcaWantaTa piss betenee eee mses s-tee eee eee eee ee eee Bark 321.38 | xX x x
OHMNSE WieB besser entsco cs cine ee Oe e alae bas Sos Danek eis benioe sens eee Bark 335.64 | xX x Xa
Dames Ailen. ost Cet eho Sok ony POC. See ee eee idee eee Bark 330.98 | xX Xx Xx
ci fei) 6 ta ths sys) 09: he ee ee a ed ey ee eta oT Str 359.80 | xX xe
[65h a em RRL OS aR Ie Maa Were eae bel eRe aa ht, Str . 90:03" | maneeloeeae |
MEV di aie cee ee oie S - S\ccitsie mee Ciocis oenises Hee see ma oe eee aes Bark 312.28 | xX Pee lp 2S
ONT ree encje nla a trernm re sister otk tains rina mea east PLAIN rece ay ene Bark 243.44 | xX x x
Mary shi EROMas 2.05 \semtisee ne es ee See nee pce nen ea eee eee Sch. 98.08 | xX x x
Mary Ds Hume:: 222 25.ccas fee ace nea sta a ace eee 2 eee oe Str 108.01 | xX x x
INI COtINE Ssee Selscse coat ins BOSSE Bie Eee ene hea ere re teers Sch G5. 50u eX x x
Namal Mee co coos aoe nia See an Ae Sera eee nee S 389. 67 x x Xx
Northern Light 365.42 | xX x Xx
BC Beto aie ees eile are ein seyret Se Str .. 462.39 | X Xx x
HROSATIO soe eee = sos eos 5 A251 ee x x
Perey Edward : Lee) eel SOS By eater | emcee x
Stambowl fii en Sh ees c8a 52k oe Re eee etn ete Bark. 2 247. 42 x x x
Oa BLGOZOses = oe ack bok soba Sk cals bee ee ee ae ere ete eee Ee Bark 307.24 | xX x x
DILVELNWiAVOs =< .cn\- csacene tices ao ce ane eee cee RSE EE eae Sch 26.90| Xd] x x
PDH TASHeD sep ss saan as Se betes cone Oe ee ee ee ee aes Str - 343.01 | x x x
Mamerlane 2. -i5- 206055200 2csc Shee Oe ee ese ee eee Bark B5358i alleen eee aeee xe
WirHe Myer. 22. secs santos sis onee ee cane Sete tea onan e Ce Sener Bri 256.50 | xX x x
Wanderer. 32 5..-/2542 22525 joes ce ee eee mee ee ee ceeeeeee Bar 288.13 | xX Xx x
a Lost; crew saved. d Tender to the fleet.
b Lost on St. Lawrence Island; crew saved. e Lost by going ashore at Sandwich Islands; 19
¢ Lost a Arctic ice; of the crew of 40 only 2 were of the crew lost.
saved.

The whaling business carried on by New Bedford vessels making
their headquarters at San Francisco is about half as extensive as that
of the home fleet. The following condensed figures, applying to the
years 1890, 1891, and 1892, show the prominent features of the fishery:

~-

5

aes

Pn) Ss allied

Report U.S. F. C. 1893.

Pacific Coast Fisheries.

(To face page 205.)

SHOOTING A BOMB LANCE INTO A WHALE.

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

205

Summary of the New Bedford whale fleet and its operations, 1890 to 1892.

Vessels.
Number : Advances
Years. eae “) Num- | Net ton- Walan Value of to crews.
; ber. | nage. is outfit.
652 17 5, 081. 98 $197, 900 $188, 900 $61, 500
630 16 4, 787. 95 203, 500 182, 100 62, 800
645 ily 4, 880. 33 217, 500 194, 000 63, 400
Whalebone. Sperm oil. Whale oil. Total
Years. value of
Pounds.| Value. | Gallons. | Value.| Gallons.| Value. catch.
BE onicte oe Se cielne soda ect 114, 350 $400, 225 11, 535 | $7, 497 172, 187 $72, 318 $480, 040
Be aces Sosa tae ek eaniaia 91, 700 412, 650 9, 700 6, 693 139, 137 65, 395 484, 738
BR etn erin a ene ine eee 122, 500 551, 250 55, 293 | 37, 044 161, 384 67, 778 656, 072

The nationality and nativity of the persons constituting the crews of.

_are exhibited in the following table:

the New Bedford whaling fleet operating in the North Pacific Ocean

Table showing the nativity and nationality of the persons employed on the New Bedford
whaling fleet in 1892.

Countries. Nativity. Nation- Countries. | Nativity.
ality.
220 OO2E EMG COE scarce marisiaiatseiclcic aime 7
1 Eat aNorwaryiess beiias2 452-55 =~ 14
Tighter otra ossaters NO VWiati SCObla ana so of = om cee 3
Die ee NRE 2s New Brunswick....--.------ 3
2 Be etred rn ee ll Be See ee aeecoe 93
1 Tool) WG eee eet caseecsectece oe 4
Gn eel eke } Obama 20 Seek Pose ak Le 1
8 SU MEVOSSIe aioe eae ase ool = 5
3 2) Spee: SE ee Sie ee eae 73
32 aM TACO Ene cabana ese d Scie cee see 9
Walekesesesks SHG ES eo aes ae ee 11
BNE Biers oa) 2 cast wate see 3 13 || Sandwich Islands........... 29
OCA E Gr ie eschis ae Stuklelenave - 2-4 s.-usee ete 2d 6
RNYRNY oe 8 ao cnt icta 2/016 2)2 = B= 20s 50 gl MMPACLIAMG ssiccicsmiiemwc sas 5. 3
fn 2 ee ee 6 6 || United States of Colombia -. 2
iS 1 ae ee 1 1) West Indies.) 2 5-3...5.5..-.. 15
EAC eee 10 bees Sect oe
EG SSeS Se eee 3 3 Me fale tan cc-' ener sc ce 645
|

Nation-
ality.

* The nationality of the fishermen of the various British provinces is shown in the aggregate under

the general bead of England

The States and Territories in which the native-born citizens belong
are given in the following statement:

|

States and Territories. | 1892 States and Territories. 1892.

sie a ES ee | 2 |*New Hampshire 1
i tay Elta tele i eee gee Thy)! diay eee ee eee ae Sere 1
oo GES, Se eS ee eee | BREN orb Carolinaisccotcsces-=cn> ss yee oe eocee 1
MEeneenot Columbia .<.-...>--------------- Thy kiG wad Gas hyence Seles pedo deese: Oaeon Josecseer 6
OG) oe Se MBM avAWORICO see os setae eceate yee ee hinee ese 1
i i 5 2 AeA eee et ea IR TO mae ee cee ce k eon ree eee ae eee 4
Metenraieeerer es fete a2) eek ~ (422 5-6 et Mel EOrenomy se ccd codec <2 SH Sacia eysteie aie gee 3
RE sys isia 8 So aa URE woe ewes ees Ole hennsylwanises ced scee<. oc ote tse cee sin cic 20
1 a eee We. sory eres 3 ANWAR ROMO ARIA cece ces tod knee wee eos 7
Uy be ee DaMMOLMTOT Ue esecee sec eek hae ke meet ree es oe 2
ot on 17 po ee ee eee ae BOW AV IRINA. os eele wae te ne abe meme 4-5 3
LG a ener DORAN INCONBI 2 oper eee aetna ee sem 2
Massachusetts.-.--....-----..--------------| +) Wrashinetoi st nose shoo soee -o as~'e ese 2
4 Tisisilint t-te} ae peta ads a epere = 2 be | — 220

30 |

a eee UF ON Se

ine

206 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

The names, rig, and tonnage of the New Bedford whaling fleet are
shown for the years 1890, 1891, and 1892 in the following table:

Years engaged.
Name. Lig. Net ton: | 7 5 poe 898
nage. | 1890. | 1891. | 1892.
PAN ASKa sss -i4 Bam a snk ao sp Odo U Mm ommeadaqgonts Bark.. 323. 00 x x x
PATIO TOW ELIGKS oi eeiee ase epee late eer te Bark.. 287. 96 S x x
PATI COMO WIES 2 sn ae.2 ce -Sousle tere a aise te ere te eet eee rere Bark.. 287. 64 x x x
TAMUPOW: IDALKET soe 2 ce ee sen a ata ete eeis See nee oe Ee nee eee iankeere 361.14 x x x
PBel WECM ORG) create eis isc tee tere eral ote caeiny sacy= eet Sine aetna Stee 339. 37 x x x
Chas. W. Morgan Dalene gamer Riemeientis sores Bark..| 298.06] xX x Ne
(Obi anys ake nhe Meme peonna as oMoS ests Gono oso IeSNOs Aco deme ea Bark.. BAB IZOM R/S elem 56
Gane tlonn ky C00 rem srs. eee eee eee eee et tele Bark..| 201.42 | xX x x
(HPAN COS AS PATS tO Weis oe. arta et eae ere epee eee Brig .. 121.19 x x x
1a Eb eeesosc seco cAtaetb Aces Ba hanonebs -Ieuqenac acest saaceedeee Bark SE 321558.) Tennent x
AUG) OUTINGS AB be sb So cepa oais Wades anc ag boSceShOndasGyshen sa SSnboRaoe Bark.. 384. 54 Me x x
Lagoda. cet Wh edivlasic & oO cay, BRR eins Be BM tlemine Rite meseeiaare Bark.. 352. 29 2 eel Seis
“Mermaid 2). e ee clef sac So Ss ese cteaks pistitecle nate tees base sehteeielerane Bark.. POONGDS eee eae | maeteate x
INIBVAETO ni ecn Oo ceee Shidiee Bese Suis aoc Ses Sais See SRST OE Oe ee ae Stee Stree LTD BON eee Seale ee x
C BY ovate i 11 ses ey na pe AN a ef ge eR eS re ee Se er eto lee, Bark... 274. 32 Xba asec] Seen
Reind6er ie cis tecee > cen -ciaatise cise es e=seeeeueeca Dose ee Hee eee ee Bark.. 319. 62 x x x
Sea Ranger---=--=----=-2=2 sbbarecsehdldine sacha osbegcstasootssce Bark..| 259.46 | x x x
PRAMEOTIAN) saeyat=1s = wise =n pclane wie Ss tacns cee Ri cinins Seacioce sae ee eeeee Bark.. 353. 87 x Ke ence
MPT TON Srene seat seis ivi eels ieee see oe e nice sae te aneeenee aac secieece ae Bark.. 251. 60 x 28 x
Agilent etn ahs 6 ote dense oreaeme ooo Doosoren bs osc. Knacodcpose Bark..| 308.83 | xX x BK
Wilber 16Gh 2h eeoesoraneeccuosooogreasocinesodcte sabsonsocdasaecs SUD eee 332. 04 x X@ | Soom
a Lost. b Condemned.

Data are at hand for a very interesting presentation of the number
of each kind of whale taken during the years 1890, 1891, and 1892 by
the vessels belonging in San Francisco and New Bedford, respectively.
The variations in the comparative abundance of the different whales,
as Shown by the numbers killed, are suggestive and instructive:

Number and kind of whales taken in 1890, 1891, and 1892 by the American whaling fleet
making headquarters at San Francisco.

Vessels belonging} Vessels belonging
: at San Francisco. at New Bedford, Total.
Kinds of whales.

|

1890. | 1891. | 1892. Hees GIs 1892. | 1890. | 1891. | 1892.

Right ..- 49 | Bole ta Wi tONl.), BB7l Bel NBL aos 30
Bowhead 2 69 106 107 46 30 52 115 136 159
Sperm......- alee 3 3 2| 14] 20 63). ag 23
Humpback Dee are oietell crsietatelal| ste oars |ieveicraeeal| tears | BL | rete tetova == ee

RO LAL Raa Fay net A Mee Oe ce NN 1i6| 168| 124| 67| 77| 88| 183] 146| 212

THE OYSTER INDUSTRY.

The oyster industry centering at San Francisco is one of the most
important branches of the fishing industry of California. San Fran-
cisco firms, with extensive beds of native and eastern oysters in San
Francisco Bay, are the only planters of oysters in California. Each
fall and spring seed oysters in car-load lots are brought from the
Atlantic Coast and planted in the bay. Some years as many as 100 car-
loads, averaging 90 barrels of seed oysters each, are transplanted. A
limited amount of the small-sized native oysters are also brought from
beds in Washington. The latter are planted solely to keep them fresh
and near at hand when desired. If it were not for the constant plant-
ing of seed oysters the beds would soon be exhausted, the natural
propagation not keeping up with the demand.

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 207

Seed oysters brought from the Atlantic remain on the beds from
three to four years, during which time they grow to the average size of
the oyster of like age on the Atlantic. The original flavor is retained,
although planted on the same beds with the natives of Washington,
which are widely known for their small size and peculiar strong copper
flavor, which they retain when brought and planted in California.

Ten small sailing vessels are engaged in transporting the oysters,
as needed, from the beds to San Francisco. On arriving at the city,
the bulk of the oysters grown from Atlantic seed are opened, canned,
and packed in ice, and are known to the trade as eastern oysters.
They are distributed all over the west coast, meeting those from the
Atlantic at Denver, Colo.

In addition to the opening and canning of eastern oysters, consider-
able business is done in supplying the large city demand for oysters in
the shell. Both the eastern and native oysters show an improvement
during the past few years; they have larger shell, plumper meat, and
a better flavor. The only noteworthy feature since the more detailed
report of 1889 is a slow but steady growth in the business.

There is room for an increase in the business, but to accomplish this
the industry, as at present carried on, will require large capital, and
several years would elapse before the seed would grow and returns be
expected. The freight on the seed from the Atlantic is a large item

‘in the expense of the business. Firms now engaged are reported as
holding several thousand acres of ground adaptable for oyster-culture,
but not so used.

The extent of the oyster industry of San Francisco during the years
1889 to 1892, inclusive, is shown in the following tables. The persons
employed at the beds (105 in number) and on shore and the capital
devoted to the business were the same each year.

Property and capital.

Items. | Value.
(a athe aeliteile te ego Bala Saal eee RARE ie Aaa 5 nia iar A eae a | $15, 100
BEE EDLODELU YE aor ete es ae tft cee Oe Me unas uel ae Poet ein nopaann et aces smmocee Sa | 100, 000
SRST AM ROSAS Gi Berge ets ae Cam is eM e Rare 21 th Sale ip St AeA Beate ae rem ee baat AYU (E10)
Brum rial ts (sees mete ote het yak het. eee eat eek te ME ae Ts bs ee eect we ee oie | 75, 000
Sita Galerie t soe sn rat eS S kL See heen eck wee Regn wi ies Scat acre ant ln aseiomee a | 290, 100

Produces.

Eastern oysters. | Native oysters. Total.

Years. ee ae
| Bushels. Value.

Bushels.| Value. Bushels. | Value.

120, 000 | $480, 000 26,150 | $91,525 | 146, 150 $571, 525
125,000 | 500, G00 26, 325 92,137 | 151,325 | 592,137
130,000 | 520,000 28, 130 98,455 | 158, 130 618, 455
146, 000 | 584, 000 | 32,645 | 114,257 | 178, 645 698, 257

208 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

SARDINE CANNING.

This branch of the fishing industry is yet in its infancy on the Pacifie
Coast. The Golden Gate Packing Company, of San Francisco, estab-
lished in 1890, had up to 1892 the only sardine cannery on the coast.
Sardines and anchovies are utilized. Those of small size were packed
in oil in the usual quarter-pound cans; the larger fish were put up in
round cans holding 1 and 2 pounds. The goods were of fine quality
and met with a ready sale, but the quantity prepared was small. A
number of causes, chief of which was the failure of sardines to enter
San Francisco Bay in sufficient quantities, limited the pack and caused
a suspension of the business in 1893, when the cannery was sold and
removed to Los Angeles County, where sardines were reported to be in
greater abundance. Of late years sardines have been very erratic in
their appearance in San Francisco Bay. One year the fish for weeks
at a time would be extremely plentiful, while during the next season
they would scarcely be found at all. The quantities of fish packed
during the three years 1890, 1891, and 1892 were as follows, 100 of the
quarter-pound cans, 48 of the 1-pound cans, and 24 of the 2-pound cans
being contained in each case: .

Grades. 1890. 1891. 1892.
Oases. Cases. Cases. °
(Mer AON sho 5 a 5a5 Gabon onosacreacoseBeesncosonor cecadae tocisposds0naee 3, 000 7,000 10, 000
One pound ese se see shee cee ieitetemies aie ee eet ieee ote rela atae elie minted ate 5, 000 2.000 | jd ee
AUS OS SOREN ae see ae onde aan ba bo odOb An seOaoso6c Joseo do oSemaoe secuas descr 5, 000 2, COON eee eee
7 aE Renae) EMME AN fee ES Re ee 13,000 | 11,000] 10,000

THE FISH TRADE OF SAN FRANCISCO.

The fresh-fish markets of San Francisco are interesting and in some
respects unique. In them one may buy a single pound of fish or a car
load, both wholesale and retail business being carried on at the same
stand. About 12,000,000 pounds of fresh fish are handled annually,
exclusive of those in the Chinese markets. Large quantities of oysters,
clams, mussels, shrimp, and crabs are also sold.

The fish are received daily from the adjacent fishing-grounds visited
by the home fishermen, and from the interior waters and coast towns by
rail and steamship lines. The fresh and salt waters of the State are
rich in quantity and variety of animal life, and fishery products from
all over the State find their way to this market. It is said that over
275 species of fish are found in the waters of the State, although many
of these are not used as food, except by the frugal Chinese, who rarely —
permit anything to go to waste.

a

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

209

The following table represents approximately the quantity and value
of all of the important fish and other water products entering into the

| fresh-fish trade of San Francisco.

Most of the products named may

be found in the market at all seasons, selling at prices that are within

‘the reach of all classes.

Table showing the extent of the fresh-Jish trade of San Francisco in

Attention may be specially drawn to the
figures for shad, striped bass, catfish, and carp, fishes which have
been introduced from the east.

1890, 1891, and 1892.

1890. 1891. | 1892.
Species. : | Se :
Crewe Retail . | Retail nee Retail
Quantity. value, | Quantity. | Shey Quantity. SG.
Fish: 4 |

Anchovies .....pounds.. 135, 000 $5, 400 145, 000 | $4, 350 150, 215 $3, 755
marracuda.--- =.= dos. 120, 000 10, 800 150, 000 | 12, 000 75, 000 6, 750
inmost ices ee do. 95, 000 5, 700 110, 000 6, 600 95, 000 10, 450
RI eneale a ='ai= winietel~ do.. 75, 000 3, 000 90, 000 2,700 | 75, 000 1, 875
Matnshin ti. 2.boses. do 10, 000 900 20, 000 | 1,400 | 25, 000 1, 500
Cultus-cod .....--- domes 150, 000 | 10, 500 190, 000 | 11,400} 200, 000 10, 000

Flatfish and flounders, | |
TORR Yane ses, Sopseaseee 1, 415, 959 118, 176 1, 341, 038 80,462 | 1, 657, 208 66, 288
Herring -.------ pounds 2, 000, 000 60,000 | 2, 400, 000 48,000 | 3,000, 000 30, 000
PTA KG noc siesraes es <2 do. - 100, 000 1, 000 90, 000 900 | 85, 000 850
Horse-mackerel - ..do-. - 75, 000 6, 000 . 40, 000 3, 600 | 15, 000 1, 200
Gh) ees doz. = 40, 000 2, 400 25, 000 2, 450 40, 000 2, 000
Mackerel......---- do... 20, 000 2, 600 15, 000 2,100 | 10, 000 1, 500
LULA aS See Gass 25, 000 1, 500 22, 000 1, 320 | 20, 000 1, 200
Perch, fresh-water.do. .-. 150, 000 15, 000 100, 000 7, 000 40, 000 3, 200
Perch, salt-water ..do.... 250, 000 20, 000 200, 000 10, 000- 200, 000 8, 000
Rocktish ........-. do....| 1,797, 482 143,798 | 1,024, 619 71,723 | 1,421, 489 71, 074
PMO as. 2 25 4c kLe doze 2, 125, 000 136, 500 2, 065, 000 129, 750 | 2,919, 848 143, 061
MATGINES ...-c----s do. -- 500, 000 10, 000 200, 000 6, 000 103, 130 4,125
BEMIDRSAC2 55525425 do 275, 000 19, 250 325, 000 16, 250 100, 000 7, 000
Striped bass...---- do... 5, 000 1, 000 | 25, 000 3; 750 50, 000 6, 250
BSCS Suse at cones dar. 300, 000 12,000 600, 000 18, 000 | 500, 000 12, 500
PHCALOR) can\- ccs < <= do. - 50, 000 2,500 | 80, 000 1, 200 40, 000 800
Sai hh ee eee do 900, 000 63, 000 1, 000, 000 70, 000 700, 000 42, 000
Sturgeon ......-..-- do.. 587, 625 29, 381 715, 795 35, 789 765, 297 34, 438
SHCKGNS soe cease. do... 175, 000 5, 250 160, 000 4,800 | 140, 000 4, 200
MGMOCOE 2. so soe). do.. 8, 000 800 15, 000 1, 200 25, 000 1,500
JOT Re oe eee Ole.) 25, 000 5; 000 20, 000 4,000 18, 000 3, 600
Miscellaneous. .... do 31, 160 6, 230 35, 100 5, 905 52, 930 9, 102
(UstGW oesconade ase eee 11, 440, 221 692, 685 | 11, 153, 552 562, 649 | 12, 523, 117 488, 218

| Mollusks, crustaceans, ete. : |
Oysters .--..--- bushels. . 1515825: | 592, 137 158, 130 618, 455 178, 645 698, 287
Clams, hard...--- sacks... 1, 000 3, 000 1, 100 3, 300 1, 200 3, 600
Clams, soft.....-- boxes.. 25, 000 25, 000 30, 000 30, 000 40, 000 40, 000
Mussels ....-... buckets. . 45, 000 22, 500 50, 000 25, 000 48, 000 24, 000
Spiny lobsters--pounds . 25, 000 1, 500 20, 000 1, 200 18, 000 1, 080
EADS clan =: <)>. <5 dozens. . 80, 000 80, 000 90, 000 90, 000 110, 000 99, 000
Shrimps. ..----- pounds.. 200, 000 12, 000 500, 000 25, 000 775, 000 38, 750
ESC eee do. . 15, 000 38, 750 10, 000 2,500 5, 000 1, 250
Squid and octopus.do.... 10, 600 500 8, 000 400 10, 000 500
errapin..---...<,. dozen. . 1, 400 5, 600 1, 500 6, 000 1, 400 7, 000
Abalones.......... nose. 1, 400 1, 050 | 1, 200 900 1, 500 i, 15
i ee pounds 30, 000 1,500 | 25, 000 1, 250 18, 000 900
BED Rts alanis acc dozen 6, 000 21, 000 6, 000 21, 000 8, 000 28, 000
TS ee ee ee MOOs BOT hi taasace oss 825) 00S Rao sea 943, 492
_——_—————— | ry rere _ |
RVSTI HOGAN casas oeale oa |caeneaec cade W462 0222) ||Swe view aces metl 138%, 004 access «<5 este 1, 431, 710
F. R. 93 14

|

210 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

EXPORT TRADE OF SAN FRANCISCO.

San Francisco maintains a large export trade in fishery products.
Canned salmon constitutes the great bulk of the shipments, but cured
codfish, salt salmon, oysters, shrimp, and other products are of consid-
erable importance. The following table, based on the custom-house
records, shows in detail the extent of the exportations in the years
1890, 1891, and 1892. The items for which it is possible to present
separate figures are cured codfish, other cured fish, canned salmon,
pickled salmon, other canned fish, oysters, and other shellfish. The
“other cured fish” consist chieily of dried squid, shipped by the Chinese

to Hongkong and the Sandwich Islands.

The “other shellfish” are

chiefly dried shrimp, with a few dried abalone, shipped by the Chinese
to Hongkong, the Sandwich Islands, and other ports.

Table showing exports of fishery products from San Francisco in 1890, 1891, and 1892.

Codfish, cured. Other cured fish.
Destination. = 7 ee
Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.
1890. |
PACES GHATS sma amie tio ta cio ctoar See Sale Seton aie in nls ne ermie ere 473, 270 $32, 635
British Columbia 17, 060 1, 260
(hina: alee es 13, 940 972 |
Costa Rica. 16, 010 1, 226 |.
East India... 1, 900 ATORIC
Guatemala. -.-- 15, 640 | DAL |
Hon PRONG eee ices coerce oe Yess sea -eiee se eae s 45, 700 3, 080 | 304, 850 18, 391
ADAM \<.. Hapyse. ees we Sesh aa. ee acc eel ce 3, 490 229 |
IMGKICO. eos ecewecccese Hock Veeck s Soe pee ee sc cree 8, 665
IND CAT APU Ars s= chm ccec te seh ialaie canes Bore pmocrsApesee 880 |
NaN SALVA GON <sen cece tack se ook aoe eenigsemccee seme | 5, 660
Sandwich dslamdgi ct asses wcO mec tee tictemoe wie ects | 278, 608
OtheriplAacesync wets somecaig te cissen e-slestve moe eyereimee cers | 11, 490
Ro ballyeeecats. tte Nae or ea ee ee eee meee | -g92, 313
1891.
JATIN INC ee Aen ete Spo Se ECE ICIS ISS CEN SETAC 248, 320 |
British Columbidiez=t ..50 sone tec 22 ose see ea ec eee | 7, 800
CHING seck cae - cece ne esas See eee eS Do vertce | 12, 750
Wnited States o£ Colombia 2.5.22: 22-25 soe. ee ene 900
Obie yas see eee ee Renee roe SI BORE eee Sat Rees | 800
CostaRicasresc: see eee ene ee see eo See 28, 580
Mastin dia Mess co Sec pct ee ck Sothas Seas Se Ree 4, 500
Guatemalasiess 2: 220. elena se hee ae oe Gece 20, 960 |
On @K ON Peete sed mas eee e ses 6 ARB en Aen Gees 35, 410
RADAR ee Mae ee ee cae et ee cae ie ene ee Dae 7,420 |
ITE RICO! ee wee oes Hae LE MOE a OR RO Oe as 6, 840
ENT GAT AP UAT mes cairo oe ain eee saa ee eee eee ee 950 |
Oceanica.+.2-:..5--- sok HS aerate ae Wee Re correc eee 4,020 |
NAO HLVAGOR Ss oeccmerk se nice Date meee eho ee ee eres 5, 620 |
Nandwwi Chilslands = jjsstsece see -e nee ete eee 267, 220 |
Otherplacese tec to maiccc see eine Sees seen cee eee 4,640 |
ENS 3 Sree are caret sets ig ena Peretliamey tra ally 656, 730 38, 670 754, 800 45, 691
1892
AMICI Oe neaGn cent pad soa BesoganS anor oasaesenerscaes 90, 720
Brith Colum biawesss= ve scoscteeeceeeeseeoeee ae 9,170
(QUT OVERS of Sol te SE a chem Ba ie oS Tye Na Bad et 17, 580
OOS tagRICA 2s ot. Sa ciee Gece mer ease a Neleiae a eee 21, 810
Giatemala jo co2sseeeneee cn ces cenecer eee Cea eee 24, 600
PLONE KONG 2-2 i. ss22 se Meat eae entines = Se eine ee 19, 640
PIG PANE hee occe = 6 facials Stee teal Mone See eet Re eee 1,810
IMIGRTOO Cry: oss LE: See ee ee eee eee 7,185
ANG CAM AOUE oe conc wie stein cee eee eae Eee eee eerie 1, 160
Oceanita yo 2s. cas Lees scene cose ee eee eee 9, 080
9, 050
270, 590
| 900
483, 295 25, 873 625, 900 36, 846

-

? .
PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 211
_ Exports of fishery products from San Francisco in 1890, 1891, and 1892—Continued.

|
Value of

Canned salmon. Value of canned Val f Value of Total

Destination. % pickled fish other Z “e 2 other 1
salmon. than CY SLELS Shelagh lee:
Pounds. Value. salmon.
1890.

MEPRISUTONID - 202. ccceces es 2, 099, 3388 $217, 951 $20,167 | $4, 222 $55 $1, 677 $276, 707
British Columbia ....-.--. 6, 840 720 722 748 10, 023 | 1, 468 @15, 065
I Sa 5, O10 GiaY4 HER eHa ee VD) ses cie accinse io 1, 719
Bene COLON date or anaes. atone w -cinille cee miorewieisinc[leibicie\o majoras AN erette emerares 268 282
LD Soe Se eee 60, 096 dh Biel ban cance al BAe Se 7, 359 12, 643
Costa Rica .-....----..--. 29, 490 4 Be |beosaeecse 427 788 74 5, 702
ere ls wos as ese ese T4090 ARGH ih TBI 458M |s comes ceases ceas|eaneuee sec oeeveccee 1, 211, 458
PS UG eae 39, 220 4, 143 PAV er ed ee 174 4, 456
BOOT = occ eect asi 119, 400 NOAA eialataietaeee A eee enn eee eens 2,944
ne 144, 070 TOROOS a eeinere as ease elorota)Ue oasis Ufeaemica cans 16, 008
Brormany-..-.....--.----- 9, 600 TR RLOOR Hepat jot ciara rn eee Soya n cle lain ily olfate a die cre aoe 1, 100

manatemala .:...-----2----- 4, 880 Ca eeteretate ait 684 327 | 84 2, 748
eroncikons :---------.---- 204, 040 Piet 80 A Ne 567 191 213, 885 257, 533
MBEAN os 2 3 S55. = vie nn' = 12, 680 1, 356 195 546 56 117 2, 499
MRESICOS2= 1c) 2222 ote ss 24, 030 2, 586 66 978 1, 447 512 6, 165
Nicaragua ....---.--..--- 3, 055 Bvt eoseececos 190 370 38 1,018

coh aceoHaeie SSS eee 1, 440 SOM leneactcae eta ee ae | cea tte. [aaa ae 150

Baan Salvador....--------- 1,500 | fy: Sa aes eee 149 149 60 910
Sandwich Islands. --.---. 229, 250 | 24, 682 37, 359 7, 669 10, 583 32, 622 153, 690
BREN PIACOS oars a2 on 0- - ai.: 93, 765 9, 346 2, 322 1, 497 445 496 14, 915

MRotaqleeee. .2en was 3 16, 497, 190 | 1, 523, 909 60, 851 17, 856 24, 434 258, 909 | 1, 987, 712

1891.

TIGHT DEDpeeneee ae --| 1,368, 650 | 131, 868 40, 323 1, 533 282 2, 233 191, 394
British Columbia -..-..--- 7, 200 OOF | areata 1, 354 8, 651 2, 024 18, 349
ini GS 6, 520 CaP Mllise Sonera 1 Beeeeeorce 261 1, 938
wes. of Colombia ..:--.--- 1, 850 AOS EP sae 184 482 | 639 1, 562
eee 19, 460 ROO Da leer eces aaa ribet Haseena | 8,149 10, 410
USE a ie 82, 906 8 5204 snes cee 138 S640 Esse 11, 182

Breland. (655. <<<44-54-- = 13,601, 195%) 15927) 142) | eee ose TB pene sare [Neen ae 1, 221, 217
LE rs 12, 840 E295! aces oe a as ea | 515 2, 192
TTT ESS 5, 046 bs Yip lPeepaedecs 361 897 | 501 3, 842

Baongkong ...........---- 89, 100 8, 747 37 669 24 | 192,173 230, 596

SE SS Saeco 7, 680 S04y| assent 193) |Seeneacaee 1, 725 3, 237
BPSICOs i252 = cece das se 32, 290 OrAwed |lsamis ere lee 1, 062 1, 302 426 6, 680
IGATAPUA....22---.-s----- 2, 360 779) \\ncameeam oc 160 188 106 774
Tn ae ee eee 37, 918 3, 989 739 502 69 66 5, 608
man Salvador. ..:-----2:-- 2, 860 BOG eels = =e 60 466 302 1, 529
Sandwich Islands.--...-.-. 194, 820 20, 353 37, 651 8, 443 9, 630 32, 279 141, 069
Mther places.........-...- 35, 420 3, 723 1, 995 894 345 | 248 7,511

(NE SSS soe seicecencet 15, 508, 115 1, 408, 613 80,745 | 16,024 22, 700 241, 647 : 1, 854, 090
1892.
BBTSUTANIA) =<. 0c\s= tien aes = 1, 597, 240 | 160, 773 11, 470 275 15 | 829 180, 914

British Columbia...-...--. 4, 580 AVSE | Resreserdis 527 1, 634 1, 919 5, 199

) 0 LE ee 6, 956 (ee Reboeemcteic 95 15 298 2, 291
MEME RGOTTDIA we ete cota d ae op on ed. Lo ou peed | elements aa loles tata see elles seeks 280 280
Se 61, 100 Ce t/a Re ete sae a ee 4, 605 10, 552
BS GURICA.--.23-0.055.22! 4, 760 CCH Ml ete, 5 ae ee ll | See oe is RS} etete sgre seas 1,916
eee | 17, 377, 838 Leif Pe eas ol eacerreeer |aoecoerood not Sacre or 1,701, 715
BAG INIA. 2 ...2255-5- 18, 790 NS 943k ate se. 32 90 541 2, 606
A 2) 400 250) Sectemio sae PPK SbOC OOOO poste oC esc 475
BEUEMANY =. .52025255--525% 2, 400 DIB Reaat ec ctea| (fates Hae 20 | seer eo ctnetera| ecm aletas ore 225
meratemals ..--.-..------- 13, 700 MNAOOy eS esee se 933 244 56 4, 273
BORO KONG --.-s255------- 65, 790 CLG ye 12 | Seer a 509 31 | 195,504 221, 265
On SS 4,510 CAEN [a panei ee OME We lain. ois. stare ee mise ie ire 809
HL see ae Sa ea 23, 886 BAO soos Ss e8 pata iit 1, 600 172 6, 207
nan a ee 700 Ti eee oe Di |aacin eset 157 341

(LG a+ eee oe 62, 465 6, 297 1, 654 341 128 201 9, 160
on eee 12, 000 DOO ia eeptayafetmtatais |icimesn cleat oe ee erp aiats fee marae 1, 000

fesan Salvador .......-..-.- 9, 840 ORO coe eecase. 285 529 154 2, 623
Sandwich Islands ......-- 154, 160 15, 856 33, 670 5, 191 5, 109 19, 257 109, 0385

@ewther places........-..-.. 27, 220 2, 634 182 BBLS sere cee 40 2, 972

ROHAN ccs aclu sie ecee 19, 450, 385 | 1, 910, 537 46, 976 10, 250 9,413 | 224,013 | 2, 263, 908

flows through it.

fresh to San Francisco.

TEHAMA COUNTY.
This county is near the head waters of the Sacramento River, which
Late in the fall some attention is given to taking
salmon; gill nets and haul seines are used, and the catch is shipped

The fish taken are usually of a poor quality

212 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

and bring but a small price. They are probably the fish that, having
escaped the many nets of the lower river, finally reached the spawning-
grounds and later fell into the nets of the fishermen of the upper river,
The amount and value of the catch of late years have been as follows:

Years. | Pounds. Value.
GEL ee AOR este Gedo 8 a a ER a he tele Sh 8 eke 55 BS Gace 118, 145 $2, 955
SOO Ei Bose ein foe seco aie sere ancinmiepctemte te eae Stores theta uaiatca Sater anne tote | 125, 860 3, 147
ICs ais gies eae tees SOROS INGE SCS ed ae Ree CET YR OE Lee nll ae | 115, 628 2, 890
TiC OE ie ao och A ES AL SA ale On Te a ne ie ae a SEEM id adstio aoe noube | 128, 389 3, 210

HUMBOLD?T COUNTY

Of the four years covered by this report the fisheries of Humboldt
County were most important in 1889, in the matter of products and
capital invested, owing to the fact that in that year a salmon cannery —
was operated which was idle during the three following years. This
is one of the most important fishing counties in California. Over 300
fishermen are regularly employed during the fishing season and the
value of the catch is from $45,000 to $80,000 annually. The most
prominent product is the salmon. The catch of salt-water fish and of
clams and crabs is also important. The principal fishing center is
Eureka, situated near Eel River, in which most of the salmon are taken.
The salt-water fish are obtained at the mouth of the river, off Trinidad,
located a few miles to the north, and in Humboldt Bay. The local
demand for fish in Kureka and vicinity takes a large part of the catch,
the surplus fish being sent to San Francisco by steamer. The yield of
salmon during the four years named was over 1,000,000 pounds annu-
ally, and that of other fish aggregated several hundred thousand
pounds. About 1,000 bushels of clams and 2,400 to 3,000 dozen of
crabs were taken and sold each year. The number of cases of canned
salmon prepared at the cannery during 1859 was 11,652.

DEL NORTE COUNTY.

Up to the present time the fisheries of this county have been limited
to the taking of salmon at and near the mouths of Smith and Klamath
rivers. A small saimon cannery on each river consumes the bulk of
the catch, a part of which is also used for local consumption, and a
part salted and shipped to San Francisco.

Nearly all the persons employed in the fishing industry of these two
rivers are Indians, native to the section, there being a strong objection
to the employment of Chinese laborers in this county.

The following is a statement of the quantities of salmon packed in >
this county in the years 1889 to 1892, inclusive. The fish utilized in >
canning consist of chinooks and eerie: in about equal proportions. |

Véaw Klamath! Smith | otal. |

River. River.

Cases. Cases. Cases.
BO eee SEs aralate diate blalerd ate “oid Sia alata we us ata Peteieye caietaretavete ciate brotaie archer Slade tate Ce 2, 669 3, 000 5, 669
MBO Ais cic iaje onde adersieh a sie) sbrisieS.< nia eya/e de mate einige baie els Me aeie ne SEo eee ate 5, 000 2, 500 7, 500
TOI Seite a een Se satarslals cinfore bid a leialataictohs Hate ap ete ve clea ats brlata ela rere e Sete eae 4: 500 Re tieh eee 4, 500
BOD ero ayeyee aracamramns eae Ask emt Cee wes wis oeremiets mimee ete aiote Clee Giese wicca mene ae 1, 200 3, 050 4, 250

PLATE 5

(To face page 213.)

1893. Pacific Coast Fisheries.

Report U.S. F.C.

‘YAAIM. VIGANIOD ‘IS3SHM HSI4 MODS

7 PACIFIC COAS! FISHERIES. aie

OREGON.
GENERAL EXTENT AND FEATURES OF THE FISHERIES.

From the first settlement of the State the fisheries of Oregon have
yearly been of increasing interest. The abundance of salmon first
attracted the fishermen, and their capture has continued the leading
branch of the business. While natural causes, often unaccountable,
largely govern the migrations of fish and are chiefly responsible for
the uncertain character of their movements and the fluctuations in the
‘eateh, there is no room for doubt that the preservation of the supply
in the rivers is largely dependent on man. During recent years a
large increase is annually shown in the various appliances of capture in
the salmon fisheries of the Columbia River, which yields the bulk of the
salmon caught in the State. From an increase in fishing appliances a
gain in the catch might be expected, but such is generally not the case.
In the years of largest production a much less amount of fishing gear
was used than at present. As the fish were depleted, the fishermen,
eager to keep up the amount of their catch, increased the number of
their gill nets, pound nets, wheels, etc., often only to find a yet smaller
catch, which would again be followed by more fishing appliances.

Artificial propagation, which has been carried on so far as means
would permit, has in a measure made good the losses from increased
fishing gear. The naturally favorable conditions of the Columbia and
most of the other rivers of the State for abundance of destrable food-
fish continue nearly, if not quite, as favorable as in the early days of

‘the fisheries, when the only fish caught were those taken by the native
Indians for their own use. The waters remain unpolluted by the sewage :
of large cities and the refuse of manufactories, and from the topography
of the country through which the rivers flow they may be expected to
remain unimpaired for many years.

The salmon fishery and the dependent canning business are vastly
more important than all other branches of the fisheries of this State,
the only other fishery of any prominence being that for sturgeon.
Only very limited quantities of other food-fish are taken, and the general
fisheries are much less developed than in California or Washington.
Oysters and fur seals contribute to the income of the fishermen.

The following tables show the extent of the fisheries of this State.
In the last year covered by the statistics, 4,332 persons were engaged
in the industry, $2,272,351 was Sane: maa 28,521,105 pounds of
products were taken, having a value of $872,405.

Persons employed in the fisheries of Oregon.

|
How engaged. | 1889. | 1890. | 1891. | 1892,

tp | ixiietaie

(SDE CLR TARD 228 804 2 lee ga 5 5 esl a ln Eo A ee | 11 | 25 55 | 60
On vessels transporting ee ee eR Ce Se) crue trae oie a5 40 40 38 57
si EEE ae Op ie I i a ae A ea a 2,234 | 2,112 | 2,452 | 2,705
On shore, in canneries, etc.........---...--..- SE a es 1,334 | 1,282) 1,342) 1,810
a oe i ee ee eS | 3,619 | 3,459 | 3,887 | 4,332

214 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

7]

Vessels, boats, apparatus, shore property, and cash capital used in fisheries of Oregon.

Items.

Apparatus:
Gallmets asses. eee ae
(Pound Nets -—----=56
MOINES eoneae ener
IWiheelsi: secre aes eam
IDipmeiseasee “= ee
IGA ARBs esae soe esac
Tongs and hoes.
Other apparatus

Shore property .....--- pat

Cash capital ---.-...<..

Species.

‘Black-codees- senses sees
Blueback salmon....-..-
Chinook salmon, fresh-!
Chinook salmoh, salted.
Cults-codese--5- ee

Silver salmon, fresh. .-.
Silver salmon, salted

Steelhead salmon. . -----
SULA e0) Ree eee re
Wrasse. a a= sae sce coe

1891.

In the following supplementary table the quantities of certain prod-

ucts are designated by the unit by which they are usually sold:

1889. 1890. 1892.
No. Value. No. Value. No. Value. No. Value.
1 $18, 000 1 $10, 000 $15, 000 $17, 300
VARAT ecetes seems 14 OT Hiteme warecee 231-90) 2 sees eee 247.63 "|2)2 222 eee
wise tener 4\6002| Sees By LOO its siete 3 hs AOOU Raton 8, 350
10 42, 900 10 42, 900 10 53, 740 20 73, 100
44394 ssc 32 oe AAS SOAS | eee ee ee Se A5B 501 tl eton eee 555.20: = aes see
ets OF OBOM ea ase s 935308 Paes 9010 sinaee eee 11, 945
1, 164 125, 885 1a tn 3 125, 040 1, 252 142, 585 1, 494 154, 425
1, 404 181, 955 1, 234 178, 320 1, 302 201, 625 1, 396 212, 260
101 74, 700 108 76, 500 142 100, 500 247 173, 400
23 7, 425 18 4, 825 32 14, 350 32 12, 600
31 120, 052 29 107, 552 30 108, 152 40 132, 852
95 475 85 425 60 300 50 250
an aekin ce 4, 487 GORI sacaorete EA Os ror erate 10, 520
145 LORE Seonacs T5Sulseeee eee 149
8 Eee ear 28 850) |G seeeee 200 trees 2, 050
648, 245 |... 596.4454 Sener ane 582: 950 |\-22 e225. 660, 150
620, 900 7OT GOO eens 6207000) saan * 803, 000
pai te 1, 859, 299 |........' 1,869, 217 |........| 1,885,311 |........| 2,272, 358
Products of the fisheries of Oregon.
1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
25 Q008 Vol 2508p se secen| pee ee ee 1, 000 $8. |b ecick cece lc e eee
1, 147, 090 | 34, 961 3, 548, 943 |$97, 961 871,392 | 24,127 | 3, 140, 397 | $83, 370
12, 478, 087 (536, 120 |16, 596, 301 |535, 484 17, 168, $68 |643, 710 |15, 577, 282 | 579, 007
70, 900 2,186 87, 100 2, 338 97, 450 2, 860 54, 700 1, 407
101,112} 3,555 97,120 | 1,356 28,415 | 1,389 26,304} 1,315
MG EADIRN ts no YEN legh eee abi ese out da eo tte A 10, 000 400
487, 250 | 11,125 16, 450 1, 645 43, 930 2, 993 18, 870 1, 787
84, 010 4, 200 82, 260 4,113 83, 220 4,161 86,115 4, 255
29, 990 2,999 50, 100 4, 008 70, 500 4, 230 109, 000 3, 270
4, 125, 540 | 91,563 | 2,168, 399 | 33,573 | 1,175, 620 | 18, 640 | 3, 925, 451 64,180
359, 100 | 11,048 313, 100 5) b24 299, 550 5, 638 252, 100 4, 484
844,080 | 18.837 | 1, 802,989 | 29,573 | 1,122,340 | 16,956 | 2, 586, 771 48, 552
741, 730 8, 821 | 1,441, 446 | 16,279 | 1, 456,619 | 17,311 | 2,518, 490 28, 001
6, 628 265 4, 200 168 3) D2 141 4,125 495
20, 000 3, 000 25, 000 8, 750 30, 000 4, 800 20, 000 3, 000
150,000 | 3,125 | 132,360 | 2,758] 146,040] 3,043] 147,000] 3,962
48, 720 812 46, 500 775,| 45, 600 760 49, 500 825
Byes iaiatars ous emake pall Saas Steere 15,000 %|e22..= =.=) 26; 480) 522020 oes| eoeeae
Be See eee eRe es ie cor oe) tor te eC aa Para SoMa sS 1, 729
20, 719, 237 738, 867 26, 337, 268 |754, 305 22, 644, 165 |777, 247 |28, 521,105 | 872, 405
|

Products. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.
OEBDS ise sacs eet okeos co cack Care at nace Ss enee Se ea eee number..| 2,209} 1,400) 1,173 1,375
OvStOrs j42i< hs 8 So cee eee eee eet ewe teee eee ee = eRe bushels..| 1,666] 1,470] 1,622 1, 633
PAM Soho SoS yee Se CEE Ee oe ee ee Oe eee do....| 696 664 651 700
JOLT Ve Tet ee el a eae ery et ey A oe 32 Bc numbern|-= oncom 1,250 | 1,730 2, 945
Ca OULENS ~ oc cen ccieee soe leiecrei etwas arena se SSN ee rete douse -| Sap eeisinal oe siacisee a 13

Several attempts have been made on the Atlantic coast to introduce
the beam trawl, a form of apparatus that is so largely and successfully
used by the fishermen of England; but on account of the rough, rocky
bottom on which most of the trials were made, the results have been
unfavorable and its further use has been discontinued. An account

BEAM-TRAWL FISHING.

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 215

ae

.
, of a similar experiment on the Pacific coast has been furnished by Cap-

' tain Exon, now a pilot on the Columbia River, whose father was lost
\ while engaged in beam-trawling. During 1884 Capt. John Exon, of

East Portland, Oreg., was in the employ of a fishing firm known as the
' Portland Deep-Sea Fishing Company, with headquarters at Portland.
| Captain Exon at the time was master of the schooner Carrie B. Lake, of
_ about 36 tons burden, engaged in line fishing just outside the mouth of
| the Columbia River. The numerous varieties of bottom fish were very
' abundant, and the ground fished over had an even and smooth sandy
| bottom. Captain Exon had formerly been engaged in the beam-trawl
fishery from Grimsby, England, and sent there for two beam-trawls,
' which were brought out by his brother in 1884 and at once put to use.
_ The trawls were operated near the mouth of the Columbia and off
| Grays Harbor with equally good success, the catch comprising large
hauls of sole, flounders, orange and red rockfish, and many other vari-
| eties of bottom fish. This fishery was successfully carried on during

1885. Unfortunately for the enterprising promoter of this fishery and
his well-laid plans, on January 3, 1886, while on a fishing trip, the vessel
_and its master, mate, and cook were lost. The firm soon after gave up
| the fishing business, and no later attempts at beam-trawl fishing on the
_ Pacific coast have been reported. With the growth of the fish business
of the Pacific States, some enterprising firms may yet take advantage
of the experiments of the pioneer in this mode of fishing, the success of
which he demonstrated. The United States Fish Commission steamer

Albatross has also made frequent use of the beam-trawl in extensive
‘investigations along the Pacific coast.

DETAILED STATISTICAL DATA.

The following tables, relating to each of the years 1889 to 1892,
inclusive, show the extent of the fishing industry in each county of
Oregon. The scope of the tables is such that but little explanation
is necessary, and they are to be consulted in conjunction with the
descriptive notes on each county which follow.

Table showing by counties the number of persons employed in the fisheries of Oregon in
1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892.

| 1889. | 1890.
| On 7 On On Th On

Counties. On | vessels anaes shore, | On | vessels h stipe shore,
vessels; trams- | “g.,. | 1m can-| Total. | vessels| trans: fish. | 12 can-| Total.

fishing.| port- Aas neries, | fishing.) port- =,, | Deries,

| ing. = -ileetes | ing. ba mat etc.
‘ | | H

HiT as Seen eee 112 34 0 8 ee Beene CN aoe 48
lsckamas.........|..-.- <j pat > SB) cose. SOhs ese Pee ee 3a Moo ee 38
A SaaS ee H 13 | 1,361 USF -BN) a eeer 13 | 1,472 | 768 | 2,253
Ue Ee age ee 35 4 EA eeeocce Hee aces. 40 4 44
TESS eee ae 1 See pC eee er 68 6 74
on Ee ee | 27 74 | 105 ZUG; eatncett 27 70 78 175

TLS 2 ae Pee (ae ee 78 | 49 Ty | Se Sek Soar ee ese AD asemeeee
ot es eee ae eee 52 | 50 lp Be See ene 48 32 80
Multnomah..-..-.. MLE | Eeetatesior=:o 183 | 169 363 di Seieesie ws } 159 207 391
snr 2 Sas Se 50 | 56 UR so Se = er 50 59 109
MAACO... === =-..<. eheis Se cia besereicteie | 120 | 94 PA) A os eae ee 115 128 243
117 ee 11 | 40 | 2, 234 1,334 | 3,619 | 25 40 | 2,112) 1,282 | 3,459
SSS ee eS OeeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEE——eEE——E—E—E——EEEEES

216 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Table showing by counties the number of persons employed in the fisheries of Oregon in
1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892—Continued.

1891. 1892.
| On TH On On Het On
Counties. On vessels ahone shore, | On_ | vessels ahor shore,
vessels | trans- | “,.,. | in can-| Total. | vessels; trans. Bie: in can-| Total.
fishing.| port- | Grieg, | neries, fishing.| port- | Grieg, | Bevies,
ing :v ete ing etc
IGF Aerioociecscon|sasoosna|ésnabcabe 85 22 Ii, | aoogncos idles seine 83 22 105
Clackamas tase. sca. aeone eee AQ) So erat AWS Aoboese eo nposee AOS Perea 40
Clatsop ...---.----* 32 11 | 1,764 841 | 2, 648 35 21 | 1,821 792 | 2,669
Columbia jceace-6 <a) see jo: | Seema 43 6 ER) WA oogecdlaoccas se 40 12 52
COOS sree eee seele os eect are eee eee & 88 37 IPR) leas coete|bboassse 143 35 178
Canny ese See es | ee 27 83 72 182) | occas 27 76 63 166
Wow laNge sec eme ee eee ee tee eererar Giles aaade A cbr ce a| smaecrte 56 51 107
anes e222 acct) Bocrae 2al|easooree 42 36 1G) omelette | ae wetness 103 91 194
Multnomah........ DOM ee craance 133 176 332 25 9 157 252 443
AUIUP IOS pats 553 oc sacar arlosossenc 50 45 Ghee osocac|leececsec 62 63 125
IVR SCOP ence tern nen Creare laccictestee 120 107 ef |S cadsos acerca 124; 129 253
Motel mass = 55 38 | 2,452 | 1,342 | 3,887 60) 57 | 2,705} 1,510] 4,332

Table showing by counties the nativity of persons employed in the fisheries of Oregon
im 1892. _

Countries.
a q 2
2 s | (8a
Counties. > ; . “a ; a mina |
=a |a\e\|4/8 Slo/adié| . |@las|.| mle
SiSl\ElelelselB)3lalal § |SiSBIS/ E18! &
Aote Ble ose) Sides [rel ele Bal ce ed esl ee es
Plata ta | os 1416 |}O || © Alp Fay (So et
On vessels fishing:
Clatsop. .8 stb LA Gh Gis Bie ral ae ase Becleeeasolste soee eee 35
Nin tomas. tee ee TO 24. 9 eee Sees sb Ko Bae oh | See So 5)
otal eo 2ees Pest Wee oe aey 17 FIO (siete (rts | essential eee 1 Sale) 60
On vessels transporting:
@latsopseas-e esse see BSE s| esol ee laa SA aoe | ae ane Be ol\sors|[oee 21
@Crmry: 5 22226 52.552 20 Br ae lee oe aoa esaiieos
Multnomah
otal ee sscc.s see Ss
In shore or boat fish-
eries:
Benton. s.e=—==5 <2 = EsxeVa 3 624 len KOs ler 24 eter Meets iseioe ecoa lacs ae oleeoacs elec cer deere Eee 83
Clackamas ha.ch eeec 40s fic] woe eR S eRe SIRES Ao SRe eee oes Be (Cee) 2 he Be 40
Clatsopeesssjsen ee eee 207 |330 |189. |684 | 86 | 68 |184 | 48 | 15 }-.-.-|.----- 6h |sse=2 Saas 1, 821
Columbia 2252.2 555 401) Se keeles oe eotalle cee chile esl Fas uleo dicot See Us 3 SMarhe pets Sel eal 40
(OMY at Sa eae eee eg 53 | 30 | 25 | 30 spake Bees (he (eee | sea eee Wen bel 143
Campy pains ee re aeee Baye lease eee aileees|" Li bel ees nV eae seealle 76
Mouplas ine ose See ees BoM ero 1 1 3 1 1 1 |---|------ 5 6 |. 56
ANIG ys eGo. Se Pe hee | P-(0): | fl ade leis | bese ieee ae hac cea eet iee Serene 16 Veo tear 103
Moalimomahice... coe 704. 34)) 16. | CSB oe alee also eles thas ner bees Seles | eateieee 157
Hinllamookews--- cts 36u) en 1D ae .35| Sc lee aboot | ee |Sexerae < 62
SVVIAS CO are: cioe eis a)" SOM PRON are 4 : Silas ler eee Ship ee4ele 124
Ota acco eee 654 1445 261 |765 | 91.) 69 |204 | 48 We Wp W eeeotee Pe altzy 11 2, 705
On shore, in canncries,
etc.:
Benton si ech Les ae 7 ee eae eee [eet Pee | Fea Fe || Seen alee geo Be PENI tS a 22
Clatsopic. 52.8 ee Joss 143 | 20 (eee) CM eee gece foet = Dass DO2t 20 sei BA erecta os 792
@olumbiat-..-. 5 -- SUD cee Sore all Seg ol eee lk, SAR rare Se Pee ee = Se ae) eee incl ea ae 12
Boos sseee 5-6 sess 10) Ge caleiecleset|Saeclseeelsced| acter DS Peas aes ore 35
Wortyes.s.-) tb eee e DIT states trates ees Bs Rs eee ers ais Gk) ev) eevee Bele dee 63
MOUS eso. 64 25 = QO ssacleckleccelbeecle ab) eee] aces aE tal 142) el Seer eee eet eee 51
bam Oleeee use ese Seasisce Dal Ss calle tlk eal lane | Seems aoe Soedlloee By ea hate to eseleeaclso- 91
Multnomah .......... 46) 16 92 Gy Pea eel eee rec Ba ee (dae ss ota ewe erate lence esc aae 252
Allamogke <= +6 Vee CREA ees ed cee) ates eea eee eters RSet wil ed Dll Seal eee leas sadleee 63
IWrascoHs? 3-2 ees) LA eee 1a eal eet Bee Mace 95 17 |... ---- 129
Sify ee pee ony Senate 298 | 26| 9 | 26 | 10 Hise he O5 | Oe Les nade es eee 1, 510
I oF | | ‘

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

Counties.

217

— Table showing by counties the nationality of persons employed in the fisheries of Oregon

On vessels fishing:
Clatsop
Multnomah

On vessels transporting :
Clatsop
Curr
Multnomah

Clackamas
Clatsop
Columbia

Multnomah ..........
Tillamook
Wasco

On shore, in canneries,
etc. :
Benton
Clatsop
Wolam pla 2-5 35.2. «<3

Lane
Maltnomali.... 0.0...
Tillamook
Wasco

in 1892.
Countries.

E E EF

s ba] 3 wien p

nm ofif|| 2 B : n =

2 |Bl@i@/A or a ee ec ae
ES Slelgialslele)algl @ |gifelgiels| z
SSIES S/S e/8) bla) & alealele ig] 2
A Piel ea la |S/Sl/a] oral @ jo] ae ST an al
Pom tat |e PS a | 4 po |e) SO yam [ree Oye
Pips Bap Nay al Ed Hy eee i a hi La BAY tele bE | eae sens Lad 35
iF ge ae 1 Bel Ae fae Rech ae Fl RES 1 |S 32 eee
£59) ed se WSR De [kak Em i oF aoe 60

SS SS es
| {

alee Bote) atl Pops 4 eh me (ey A | a [cen] soe ae
gl eee i A ES SW A a |e Pe ee LEE |e sty Meee
1 mg SEES SG 28 | pee eC eal ele en a ee ils 9
= es rea aera eg a Br es a [lean
ABIL leet gaa ceue eN Ea aed, a) Meee i 83
40 melee eer are halle tate ae lieies melon eee alles canciS ~ 40

1,630. 285) 23) 80). ainda soot oel. f4lebles to Neola feat bisa 1, 821
Pel a 0 ool eles Mi cc] 2 Ue a Rb at el ee edt dO
Bien UN Mar lt lee cpa ten ee | anlisen. AUes lh eles bn Rae pe
(2k A HI cee ae) Ver eae Ls ee eee Gee, ene a) | 14) eee ees See 76
Fi ed Me ae ag re | Pe aa PA ae (ee P= Preah
bl AE ae Re ees (See eee amen (ie eee 1G lee eeeeloes 103
TAG aR a 6 MOA a RR | | a | MR P(e et RE 0 [ede 157
Cn ae Ee | ab LLG AIS BES BS 2 a RE SCRA SS ae:
Pdf 1 Mabe (es Sela al Ta ce nereees BIN saat Re feseted ime plc

2,328 | 48 |’42 13 | a1 | 4/35 |--..| 1| 3 ]--2.- 2| 117 1 |...) 2705
te Ae a eee eae a5} Title sito tcn teense Jeache=! Be
URES (eae th BC Cae Boe Te |) 3692) [Zils Salata |---| 792
rT ba oe ba Bo Ade ane a el Pee 218 ee ye caper pe se ae 12
fim a Ra ORR ala oe ole PN fia Meee |e |S Pe ems
Pik ae amie SEAR Pep abe Be: 6o)| 33,5] seca teeter po eG:
= Wee P20 pee eae (eee Pcl ke Pg ee ee ee ee ee 51
D4) oa clasaal un aaa eee FS ae | SP EG SL Sa a 91
59 | 2 |. Bata ulecen eels Bee seaieste seed 252
rl ee PS con ae fa (ae ee |S ce 63
od Re Pee as oe foeeioue 95 | ry da el EA Ee 129
aid gts ia Weaeee. TA age) Stoel eee: __.| 1,510

Table showing by counties the vessels, boats, apparatus, and property employed in the fish-
eries of Oregon in 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892.

Years and counties.

Benton
Clackamas
Clatsop
Columbia

Tillamook

wae eee neee

| Vessels fishing. Vessels transporting. Boats.
| ik: ] ad Siow wap: Val |
| Value | | alue |
No. ss | Value.| of |No.| seks Value.| of No. | Value.
| anes outfit. | ooee outiit.
Ef are sie |= ctelam ate |o atats g Sete eaataia taleta tats ela lataie weieblallarcmisafsieie|ow'ed<jane 67 | $1,710
49 onc sc nome Go ode.c on Scedociie pope jas Seb one icsocaod Gas 29 700
DAE ROIS ae Sa lhe Seta els 2d. 5 | 85.23 '$12, 900 | $3,090 | 702) 97,675
Be esi o | Seed eet ane SIRE Re feionts bole Geiss clewiercisiaje Gcpscricine Scheer ae 35 2, 625
Grell Sareea te ey nrattatatal biaichata oie eletatetara eis clea a/Siallieeatala n na In tet aletele falerais = ate 76 3, 925
BA Det a cha ontario ae oi 5 | 358.71 | 30,000 | 6,440 41 3, 250
ak) rarctarararar | Meters ol terreta bie ule = Pain omyercioie eis Mon site| eee cc 38 3, 275
cral| neater ar rererara sl tare teal Rrercte gd “16, .| Ua Selk corte omic ace el Dede 26 650
Sele perarer=l| omic terete rena Pees acs |—cises [eters ee VE a8.) serthicw sol» “25 9,575
-.| 1| 4.17 |§18, 000 | $4, 600 |- =. ..[2 oo... CRE Kanes 25| 2,500
-.| 1] 71.17 | 18,000} 4,600 | 10 | 443.94 | 42,900 | 9,530 | 1,164 | 125, 885
Se SSS eS SS Eee eee —— _|—=—>

218

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Table showing by counties the vessels, boats, apparatus, and property employed in the fish-
eries of Oregon in 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892—Continued.

Vessels transporting.

Vessels fishing. Boats.
Years and counties. Value Value H
No. rom Value. of No. pean: Value. of No. | Value.
BEC: outfit Shr outfit
1890
ICBO Oy Ses ees eee ooAs aabdspac $630
Clackamas: 2325. --.tss ss cde| eer 710
Clatsop, iiss. Os -jino sce =e eet ems ees 102, 925
Columbia 2, 800
Coos 1,475
(Oita aes aoueecispacbads Halse Ganccase 3, 250
DD OWE) aSiaes ee eee eee | eee eee 150
METEUTNG ech aot fale (eine leer ote als stellate erate Make ager 600
Mralitnomaih: 22 o2 fc022 1 | 148.97 10, 000
Tula OOK: heeteeec ese etaa eee [eahnaee rs 2, 500
Tobalies sees eee 1 | 148. 97 125, 040
1891 |
Benton's steer sseeens eee ties \whersdaaeie 1, 150
Clackamas tes Soca eee oes |e Sees 730
Clatsopeetreres et eee cee 2| 82.93 119, 325
Columbia nee ae oe oa coer Geechee ee eee 3, 000
OOS Mee teary be eee eee Peet see nee 1, 675
(CORI? Sar seed acaneee een) need Meena aEadeace tae Saecre 3, 550
WOug aS Reece saaee sare an| tional ajente eee 150
TUPI Seen Ses ators Soe See Ss Sane heeeeeee|| 525
IMG tTOmM Ala ee ee eter oe 1 | 148. 97 9, 865
pila ook cerivsoe sere a |seteisie Newasisie ice 2,575
Was COD se ewnic cain acicsbicwiod loos a allese, Seer 40
Total ects sesame 3 | 231.90 | 142, 585
1892.
IASON Bo -oocsosoRdoaSaeSlaqnse| secoosss lssonsoudlsesasocaltnaae SdecccaniacdsatSSa|/soocobac 50 1, 350
Clackamasmct-iic~csee-ine a aan beeen Il Syacers & eeeell tote mactetetatailte ore oe EE ets Sartaeson Sh ose 30 750
Clatsopmerac ns socacee sen 3 | 98.66] 7,300) 4,350] 12 | 154.06 | 30,900 | 3,725 966 | 127, 975
Columbia eso emtemoctnet Hl sie ses| scieee bee lneeires HL Gp eee Pegs lek ey eee eRe eS Slee 98 3, 950
(WCOOSREBEIE ER cutee amet tomes Seem erlinememertiots Paeosece Ssere hsesce ce ae eeannolbocaccce 60 2,325
@unny; fae ssc see secs eie es ae aes |-2ec- nee jeceeeee- 5 | 358. 71 | 29, 200 5, 820 40 3,475
WW DUCIAS sso ae nc oe eee eeel Sees eee lonleteiets ore Jn-ne-[o----2ee|--- en ene eS Same 28 2, 100
ILGIO A so dees aeseaoee tad Neeee Geeemeae Ye eed as ie Pa Sees eset eee aT hea 58} 1,900
Multnomah...-- Me eicleetetee 1 | 148.97 | 10,000 | 4,000 3 42.43 | 13,000 | 2,400 157 10, 450
WOR COR seoSiet Haebenee as] Baris 4 ae Saeoan Weoneas HRSasts sd Saded Sache Sa Seoseses aseocss- i 150
Rotales te =o snce5.cee 4 | 247.63 | 17,300 | 8,350 20 55.20 | 73,100 | 11,945 | 1,494 | 154, 425
Apparatus of capture.
Years and Gillnets. |Pound nets.} Seines. Wheels. | Dip nets. Value yatue
counties. Value| of of
j = of | tongs} ,. as
= : lines. | and | SUS
No. | Value. | No.| Value. | No.| Value. | No.| Value. | No.| Value. ROER | etc.
1889. =
IBOHDOMG sriersjeereree Doi ParoO0 Weel oemeeee ele afer |iiotnte senelhs aSrlence sole Aan eocasnalseecbee $1205 |Eeeeee
Clackamas ...-.. nO Wy ine (eee ee it l(a pare fran fe es ee eee ea sSonlseelccllaccace
Clatsop: ccs. se. 568 |144, 925 | 99 $73,900] 8 | $4,875 |....|....--..|- al ett foam | een
Columbia........ AP lD: 5OOVIE cs aan |= ee eee sales afew ciel Bee Beenone SI (500 nance See
WOOKS et nec wen TAO") 407000 |e eee eee 5 7/5 Nel ees ease tees fe csi ea emer 87 PANNE ccicic
(Curnyses-ececeo || 1168:;|) 435560" |Seee|Seaa eee TOs) sa S008) Saal eete cee Bee erent Se aomca tedcac ace:
Mouglas*.22).-2: 45 | 6,190] 2 800, octet seee ist | osc iecotenme a BF aeebool booneoul cosa Sc)|-Seice5
WANG 5 =52.Maece<. 26)\|. “disb60.|eeeclesecn cere BEN See Sn ecapecesee B58 Besa a See ses Seeeealscssec
Multnomah .._.. 1940) 54450) [Peace seeeeaie arb Dee. = TERE GO ee Ea soe Q5650i ee sales
eblamookecces= 5/5) 00'4|) 30%505| mace peer ee| ee SN eeetecven | icteeleee ieee JA het cede ee. al eee eee
\WWWESCO) A aoeeetes| ieee Eee ee Sea mee sos Sgslssee cess 16 | 75,500 | 95 i ie tease lor kon [Sse
ARotalee.--- 1,404 |181, 955 |101 | 74,700 | 23 7,425 | 31 |120, 052 | 95 475 | 4,487 145 eee
1890.
Benton): 5252-2... 189 1080 ees eee Ey eee Bene le Rael peeas Pal ee eel eee ened Parsee 125 sleet
Clackamas ...... US en 94 by ace | beeeeeee SSASasee elk EEE Ssecee ale wall emia cin| esis laze al ERO el eee
Clatsop se asec: 601 (152, 825 |108 | 76, 500 7 PAG Soaeleeoce sal: S56 Saeiocisicl| eo aaeellle ae ere eerie
Columbia.....-.. AS aD AGOO Ree ee eee eee re Saale Ses eal eee 2:24.07 |e metal ates
(Clef) A SCH OS eee 56 20508) | 4 Sartor amerarete 1 DOO ewalisece ees Be SSeseen 90 2D pomeietete
Curyren eee 168 i|188560))| eel nese TG) ip Te ON a oel baccacteallee Beall ed = SE eee ea a |eaeee
Douglas -.--...--. 2 IGE EABe| Gasnceeelsac|ocs-ddea|oe Sbiisaeneasal |S AA Real oa soclloseisinc foscisos
Hania iciseic seis 244 ol 440. So alemantismcllteeelenemeere Se dtecaseeels seclidcacactel beaten loses | See
Multnomah ..... | 154 AS900' |). dere |Sebc cares sedllbshece oe SIS Sy AAV PAM Lee ee le rapes A 2005 eeseee $850
Tillamook ..--.--- | 50 3, 750 Sal wdesateets ‘Siavall eeie cratals olf oreterallemrareiereratle retail assateie = tell fexctararchoyall etatoreyast lereetatate
WEIS onéocenas bosecellg=ebees- = See ene eels gee |esweesis 16 | 70,500 | 85 495) see ol Sa Seere| is eerie
Totales.ase 1, 234 |178, 320 |108 | 76,500 | 18 4, 825 | 29 |107, 552 | 85 425 | 6, 530 150 |} 850
| SS 8 Ss ——| ——

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 219

Table showing by counties the vessels, boats, apparatus, and property employed in the fish-
eries of Oregon in 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892—Continued.

Apparatus of capture.

" Years and Gill nets. |Poundnets. Seines. Wheels. | Dip nets. Value Value
counties. Vel ; Nigh bea
; nO ongs
, | lines. | and |8™S;
No. | Value.| No.) Value. No.) Value.| No.) Value. | No.| Value. Sinaas ete
1891
Benton .........- Pig i oe 0 | Te ee S30 0N (Pace |eaane ce ee aie) sare $128 |_...- ,
' Clackamas ..--..- US |e GOON | mice | oe ie erat poatlaceonticl Bsc] Gnese Bee 1S, |Seasaaells ceckee | sates eee
atsOp: -2.252--< 667 |175, 100 |142 |$100, 500) 18 | 10,750 |....]........ APS s|Fae telnet | eee $1, 000
Columbia ...-.-- BOW D000) lerema| ofa al—oi= gebslodasn dor baedeoooces- Sanalonpons- $2, 800) |. 52-22 )c=en =
WoOst ~2=-c-25.5- OMA 2 Aide |aaioe| = teeta 2 BOOM Pectin nse amis BS Alceohoce 96 PA Se ue
BERIT Ia aim min, oiniam => GAS) es AROS ena eae 2ST. Aso aeoosesel ere oocanme |aStbosa||sante 200
Douglas......... 2 BOON | lsverece| arneis = 5 aaa sees Breeia| eran anes Sera|/s cicisiswral o's oo) 2-5 ourein | ee
nD bea 21 1, 260 lle aye ate os adsl Qsraie tes walls ocee ate tras lank cee S erase ele eee nea
Multnomah ..... 125 AS ANS lepers aoceral~ oly. ata ahaa es LSB Oa ails sal secre = 4) 550) |cc cone 850
Tillamook..--.-.- DOD toy KOU ease eee i S00 | Sec2|casae-aae ee fesse soles oars <los eaten Cee
Uke ee Peers Bea Se eee 1 ANOWCT Sal 77, 1OON POON PSBU0n|2 > oe cee beeen eee
| ties Saaz ioe Noten. =n os lL ee es | es pa
\ Total... .:. 1, 302 '201, 625 |142 |100,500 | 32 | 14,350 | 30 /108, 152 | 60 300 | 7,446 153 | 2,050
| 1892. ay lias Prt 5 a
BGenton.....-.-+- Bi, fe, Oe Heese eee ARIE ane OD! Roma ts. te PT Sea re ese
Clackamas ....-- gC ES SUE CT esa apa a eee |e eel er |e Seats | ale ne P| ee rmcsrs| | einreter oral Seana
PGlatsop ..-----.- 677 |181, 800 |245 |172,400 | 13 | 7,550 |....|........ NEA Ts S38 ce | ae 1, 000
P Columbia =.---.- DEEDS CHO (hes sre meee ts nie, re IL elle dias ieee Bd cee 4680) aac eee
MENON) a ool ss oe 107 A200 Oi seestihec: fey. 6 BSA] 00 Je] eee emer ic Sons cise 100 251 | Seecee
Oa LEDs), 35400) |so2.)s5s2.5. Sele 2OOOR ta Salk ones see me fate |x Bie) o)ara fall nat srepeveral| area etek 200
Douglas........- 2A rede 014 gael RN il eae | Se hee ee DSBS ON tte Je See
LL eee |) -SO8N ie S480 5 22: eee 1 150) joss... see8 Bc foe n ene Pepa Sapo soos sc
Multnomah ..... jess SS OU0L Be. | 2 sa oere a a epee ks EON 40) Theale eslesee ce = 5, 740 oeeees 850
VO) SE iS SS eS a ee " 1, 090 3 1, 100 | 21 | 92,100 | 50 250 |--0----[eneeee|------
Total. .22=. 1, 396 |212, 260 |247 |173, 400. 32 | 12,600 | 40 |132, 852 | 50 250 10, 520 149 | 2,050
Value of Total _ |! Value of | E Total
Years and ae a Cash value of Years and pe Cash value of
counties. * sory capital. | invest- counties. sory “| capital. | invest-
’
property. ment. ‘property. ment.
be
1889. 1891 :
Benton ........--. $14,000 | $25,000! $44, 130 || Benton .......... | $14,000 | $11, 000 $28, 978
Cijackamas.....--. 290 a Sasser 3,920 || Clackamas....-.-- BOO: |eseeestees 3, 980
Glkigop...-..----. 428,900 | 358,000 | 1,124,265 || Clatsop........-. 393,700 | 469,000 | 1,305, 070
Columbia........ 2, 500 3, 000 15, 465 || Columbia.....-.- 2, 500 6, 000 19, 950
DO Sasa ee eae 16, 000 40, 000 65-487 ||, (Coos. .o022-5..2e¢ 10, 700 10, 000 25, 466
ates oe ss55 =.= 33, 300 55, 000 133,350" ||) Curry 22-----. ==. 31, 100 52, 000 127, 935
Wouglas.::::.-... 15, 000 30, 000 65,260) | MOU ase sone san ee ciem ss) saamnceee 300
Lovee 13, 000 30, 000 45, 210 | (GAM Gb: caer see ease | 13,000 7, 000 21, 785
Multnomah....--- 53, 755 31, 900 147, 882 || Multnomah...... 61, 000 55, 000 180, 732
poiamook .2-::.-. 21, 000 20, 000 69, 850 || Tillamook ......- 21, 000 10, 000 37, 625
WMIMRCOL. ones ose 50, 500 28, 000. 1a4, 475) Hi SWaseOso.cee cose 35, 650 20, 000 133, 490
PROpS semis aa 648, 245 620, 900° 1, 859, 299 | ‘Total sae ser 582, 950 640, 000 1, 885, 311
4390. a 1892 ‘- :
PSOTICON «0.25 2-=---2 A OOO rs ararcte nian 5,835 || Benton .........- 14, 000 10, 000 27, 994
Clackamas......-- OOO rset ones: 3,945 || Clackamas....... UO sacs meres 4, 050
CIC) ee 402, 300 400, 000 | 1,153,300 || Clatsop.-........- 413, 600 449, 000 1, 399, 600
Wolumbia ..-.=.--. 2. 500 4, 000 17,160 |; Columbia........ 2, 500 14, 000 30, 780
16S) eae 1, 600 4, 000 OUADONCOOss fen. ah no ts 11, 100 20, 000 39, 050
ia 31, 200° 52, 000 128, 265 |) Curry --..--. chs 30, 900 35, 000 109, 995
BEMEOAR Sees 4) sm se: 4 -2| ate ate oe ae 300 || Douglas ......--. 15, 000 20, 000 40, 810
LIN See eee 13, 000 10, 000 20,040). aneisces sks 3 24, 900 35, 000 64, 530
Multnomah...---- 60,055 | 140, 000 270, 207 |) Multnomah 88,100 | 170,000 350, 292
Tillamook .......-. 21, 000 27, 000 47250) || WW aseOsis cox ~~ c/S 60, 650 50, 000 205, 250
Vit aa 60, 500 70,000 |. 201, 425 ae | Se
ae —— —— Totalt:....- 222 660, 150 803, 000 2, 272, 351
Total... 596,445 | 707,000 | 1,869, 217
>

~

220

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Table showing by counties and species the yield of the fisheries of Oregon in 1889, 1890,
1891, and 1892.

1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.
Counties and species.
3 Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
Benton: i
Chinook salmon...---- 428,428 | $5, 968 71.160 | $1, 343 260, 359 | $3,117 284, 290 | $3, 396
Silver salmon..-...---- 444,709 | 7,269 85, 400 1, 668 135, 383 | 2,018 88,710 |} 1,584
(Gret tee nS: PS eO eer Eee 6, 628 265 4, 200 168 3, 521 141 4,125 495
(OMI RSs 5ee seecec aor 150, 000 3, 125 132, 360 2, 758 146, 040 3, 043 147, 000 38, 062
PRotal= yeas seen wets 1, 029, 765 16, 627. 298, 120 | 5, 987 545, 303 8, 319 524,125 | 8, 537
Clackamas: ‘ weet :
Blueback salmon -...-. 15, 220 609 22, 340 894 21,140 846 27,225 | 1,089
Chinook salmon. ...--- 90,114 | 3,605] 124,114 | 4,964 88,750 | 3,550 | 114,112] 4,564
Steelhead salmon ...-. 20, 670 413 30, 206 604 18, 112 362 24, 214 630
FROULSIS sacar somictase 126, 004 4, 627 176, 660 6, 462 128, 002 4, 758 165, 551 | 6,283
Clatsop: t
IBIACK- COM ccees ce xe cee cee eel oe eeen (sea oe Comic meee eae 1, 000 yi sal BOE eee trina
Blueback salmon... --- 185, 01d | 3,775 263,715 | 5,275 126,940 | 3,191 626, 495 | 15, 980
Chinook salmon....--- 9, 121, 935 1449, 548 12, 047, 880 |405, 528 |14, 216, 680 565, 354 |12, 107, 750 |484, 316
(Girl ter eis Baa ol ante ae I Boho Sal le oapoosaeds Sia anor 800 te eee o rc macscce
IT eee Soe ae BAe eA is BBE SE Seo bodonc sor) Sa anecen asaees oseod ee otcde 10, 000 400
ISN iyi (Re GRIER Be Ates Ace aa aee ere lee cwiere| sais a ee meeisell ei tereere te 28,000 | 1, 400 2, 000 100
INGOTS NAS ceseess Guds|baaqueees se RHA Sribasssoarosuldaessas lsepogeSseosiloocascios 5, 000 200
Shade cou ceemnaceabess 29, 990 2, 999 50, 100 4,008 | 70, 500 4, 230 109, 000 3. 270
Silver salmon.......-. 407, 990 9,619 441, 890 5,479 132, 580 1, 325 jrrteracrees |e seers:
Steelhead salmon ..-.. 654, 740 | 18, 513 766, 550 7, 664 699, 380 7,392 | 1,316,120 | 13,975
Mur-seall pelusececsee--|as-e ces [steeccte fstetescette J----2eee|ereeec ec eee 8 480)||sa5eck= See 18, 788
Motalisceuee ss etic /10, 399, 670 '479, 454 |13,570, 185 |427, 954 |15, 275, 880 |591, 388 '14, 176, 365 |537, 029
Columbia: gor ? i. 7 %
Blueback salmon ...--. 17, 000 510 25, 000 750 | 15, 000 550 20, 000 700
Chinook salmon ...--. 116, 000 4, 640 187, 000 7,480 | 115, 000 4, 600 150, 000 6, 000
Steelhead salmon ..... 21, 000 528 38, 000 1,140 | 22, 000 560 30, 000 750
Sturgeon ........-.--. 314,730 | 3,395] 358,620] 3,996! 471,987] 5,170) 960,795 | 10,280
Tegel: ? Ape iae: Asal 468,730 | 9,073 | 608,620 | 13,366 | 623,987 | 10,880 | 1,160,795 | 17, 730
Coos: - Sint asst ask Pal ae
Chinook salmon, fresh. 188, 841 3, 286 17, 500 188 29,110 | 320 52, 500 836
Chinook salmon, salt ec! 47,500} 1,250 40, (00 454 36, 250 | 412 32, 500 517
Cultus-cod: 2.2... .224- 26, 112 1, 305 27, 120 1, 356 27, 615 1, 381 26, 304 1,315
TSU Tb) Sie acie:-.s = 3 Se 17, 250 1, 725 16, 450 1, 645 15, 930 1,593 | 16, 870 1, 687
ROGEASH oes eece x oe 84,010) 4,200 82,260} 4113 83,220 | 4,161 81,115) 4,055
Silver salmon, fresh -.| 987,009 | 25, 051 126, 000 1, 890 203,770 | 3,056 262, 500 4, 037
Silver salmon, salted-. 332,500 | 9, 984 280,000 | 4,200 253,750 | 3,806 227,500 | 3,500
ICIAING ae estince cee 48, 720 812 46, 500 775 45, 600 | 760 49, 500 825
Motallws)y 2h 1, 681,942 | 47,613 | 635,830 | 14,621 | 695,245 | 15,489 | 748, 789 | 16, 772
Curry: iv “| : eek a z a
Chinook salmon,fresh- 942, 382 | 26,974 | 1,100, 252 | 32, 353 | 1,162,313 | 34,870 685, 897 | 19, 911
Chinook salmon,salted 23, 400 936 47,100 | 1,884 61,200 | 2,448 22, 200 890
Silver salmon, fresh - - 554, 358 | 10, 965 238,808 | 4, 662 135, 087 2,702 200, 353 | 3, 874
Silver salmon, salted. . 26,600 | 1, 064 33,100 | 1,324 45,800 | 1,832 24, 600 984.
SGAsOULEL |POLUS os .-s oeletezinsi.-einiel|elcmraicies al steele Seed Geen Seen Sener Seer ee eee 1,729
AL Otal se esisrs cee ois 1, 546, 740 | 39,939 | 1,419, 260 | 40, 223 | 1,404, 400 | 41, 852 933, 050 | 27, 388
Douglas : a i ye Lae, Rage
Chinook salmon ......- 271,345 | 5,426 7.000 350 8, 000 400 105, 000 1, 312
Silver salmon........-. 536, 655 10, 733 138, 000 650 14, 000 700 754, 600 | 11,314
Motalizes sas omoe 808, 000 | 16, 159 20,000 | 1,000 22,000 | 1,100 859, 600 /#12, 626
Lane: nice) a) Tia jue peecale
Chinook salmon ....-.- 168, 420 3, 368 114, 969 | 862 | 110,000 825 141, 100 1, 763
Silver salmon.......-. 842, 210 | 21,054 | — 291,621 | 4,375 | 223,270 3,350 | 1,198, 300 | 17, 794
Mota. a.88 4 1, 010, 630 | 24, 422 406,590 | 5, 237 333, 270 4,175.| 1,339, 400 | 19, 557
Multnomah: hake rv pat Fee eaouNee | ath
IBlACK-GOd.2ccaic~ as ace 25, 000 1 QO0K |S Se aac Sorell ss cecenl (OSS oe esc he an eo Hla or
Blueback salmon ...-. 330, 240 | 12,549 | 1,643,978 | 45, 837 267, 610 8,497 | 1, 284, 405 | 33, 059
Chinook salmon -.---- 387, 789 | 16,012 | 1,485, 339 | 46, 981 491, 654 | 16, 728 824,548 | 28, 465
@ultus-cod_-..2:5----- 10; 000) | (252000) mca ai as Sera carers cetera Sane ie |
Hahbut) j..ss-s80. 222% 470, 000/|\ OnSOOUNe 2 o5 esate ere ee Se eas Beck ili cicetal ||) Se See | a
Steelhead salmon...-.. 99,080 | 3,156 326, 823 | 7,470 126, 208 3, 482 437, 093 | 11, 360
StoTpeoNnh..- —s--2- 2 427,000 | 5,426 | 1,082,826 | 12, 283 984, 632 | 12,141 | 1,552,695 | 17, 721
Hursealpelts(..2)45/.:4|2 Acco enia«|em cee eeeee ones 15/000") S2a2 cesses 18;:000: | ee eeoane 24, 478
Crawiish) so 2-.--2% 5 20, 000 3, 000 25, 000 3, 750 30, 000 4, 800 20, 000 3, 000
TU Core 1, 834, 109 | 53,043 | 4,563,966 [131,321 | 1,900,104 | 63, 648 | 4, 068, 741 |118, 083

°
7

‘PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

221

Table showing by counties and species the yield of the fisheries of Oregon in 1889, 1890,
1891, and 1892—Continued,

Oregon in 1889.

1889. | 1890. 1891.
Counties and species. Se H =
Pounds. | Value. Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
Tillamook: |
Chinook salmon. ...--- 490, 000 | $7, 840 297,500 $2, 975 309, 458 | $3, 705
Silver salmon.......-. 285,115 | 5, 702 868, 800 | 13, 032 | 218,500 | 3,277
Meatal'sscclseecnwe. 775,115 , 13,542 | 1,166,300 16, 007 527,958 | 6,982
Wasco:
Blueback salmon ..... 599,615 | 17,518 | 1,588,910 | 45, 205 440, 702 | 11, 043
Chinook salmon .....- 822, 833 9, 453 | 1,143, 587 | 32, 460 377, 644 | 10, 241
Silver salmon......... 67,494 | 1,170 102,880 | 1,817 113,080} 2,212
Steelhead salmon ..... 48,590 | 1, 227 641,410 | 12, 695 256,640 | 5,160
otal sees cp anes <e 1, 038, 582 | 29,368 | 3,476, 787 | 92,177 | 1,188,016 | 28, 656
All counties:
BlaCK-COds se semane es 2p; O00). 250 (Se ee ee see ete 1, 000 8
Blueback salmon...--. 1,147, 090 | 34,961 | 3,543, 943 | 97, 961 871, 392 | 24,127
Chinook salmon, fresh. 12, 478, 087 |536, 120 |16, 596, 301 |535, 484 |17, 168, 968 |643, 710
Chinook salmon,salted 70,900 | 2,186 87,100! 2,338 97,450 | 2, 860
Galtns-cod..-.-..--..- | 101,112} 3,555 27,120 | 1,356 28,415 | 1,389
HUIOUNGErS's. SS 5 2.0555. lpSaore esd ogee oa See Seoe aoe sari asecsued soc seas cogb tiseeeere
LIS eee | 487,250 | 11,125 16, 450 1, 645 43,980 | 2,993
EROS ISS 2 een 84,010 | 4,200 82,260 | 4,113 83,220) 4,161
S17 eee eee 29,990 | 2,999 50,100 | 4,008 70,500 | 4,230
Silver salmon, fresh...) 4, 125,540 | 91, 563 | 2, 168, 399 | 33,573 | 1,175, 620 | 18, 640
Silver salmon, salted. i 359, 100 | 11, 048 313,100 | 5,524 299,550 | 5, 638
Steelhead salmon ...-.. | 844, 080 | 18, 837 | 1,802,989 | 29,573 | 1, 122,340 | 16, 956
SUTTER) URS a eeee | 741,730 | 8,821 | 1,441,446 | 16,279 | 1,456,619 | 17,311
Fur-seal pelts. -..----.. |Sccines Se oes sae one tl Semecssaane Hr OUON epee ete see = 26, 480
Sea-otter pelts......-. [eter eer sete ets | te tatater rafal lsieferateratesioela)| sibel tet iacal oe ake eestor teers eine
NOTES Ue ecto ae ace, <= | 20,000 | 3,000 25,000 | 3,750 30,000 | 4,800
(Gigs aS ae Seve | 6, 628 265 4, 200 168 3,521 141
SO Se ee 48, 720 812 46, 500 775 45, 600 760
USVGii See Saegees aeeoee 150,000 | 3,125 132,360 | 2,758 146,040 | 3,043
eee
Grand total.....-.. 20, 719, 237 733, 867 |26, 337, 268 |754, 305 |22, 644,165 |777, 247

1892,

Pounds.

280, 000
1, 049, 500 | 15, 742

1, 329, 500 | 19, 102

1, 232, 272
832, 085
371, 488
779, 344 | 21, 837

3, 215, 189

3, 140, 397
15, 577, 282
54, 700
26, 304
10, 000
18, 870
86, 115
109, 000
3, 925, 451
252, 100
2,586, 771
2, 513, 490

147,000 | 3, 062
872, 405

28, 521, 105

Taole showing by counties, species, and apparatus of capture the yield of the fisheries of

Lines.

Pounds. | Value.

Gill nets. Pound nets and Seines.
: : trap nets.
Counties and species.
| }
| Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Valne.; Pounds. | Value.
Benton:
Chinook salmon ...... ADS AOS) | Sh4OGR) |e xtsnele: aateye =| Sate aiel|'s sar erele evetafe-ci|a/ara,e'e crabs
_ Silver salmon...-..-.. Bly Ae Ur OON TA OBOWIE: tee ooree al hee terrasins aus cepa] Ok cep ie
Sena Srer 2 e252 fete oe 6, 628 DBD eee Cacia oe eats ae Les ete ee a eee
Teta ose... CROCS EERE TED eee em ee Fs pal Dee oe
Clackainas: NR Py Fae ae oe
Blueback salmon ..... 15, 220 COD ek toca ssa to alice Beek Sloe ce ews
Chinook salmon ...... BOE BGG 5 oes | Me eta ree ere Lio
Steelhead salmon ....- 20, 670 413 |eeeeee see ee|e seer eee] eee eee e|eee eee
Motel toc cess. ETT Be ea enceen RC en een Leen aR
Clatsop: ee eee F aa cin
Blueback salmon ..... 655 13 166, 860 | $3, 281 17, 500 $481
Chinook salmon ...... 6,315,960 309,811 | 2,187,175 |108, 994 618, 800 | 30, 743
SOS geoet@gogeeee Shee] CGSe eS eee ee eReriees 29, 300 2, 980 190 19
Silver salmon......... B00) Dien On Ogle lee atae tole os acess 77,413 | 1,548
Steelhead salmon ..... 103, 560 2,071 383, 980 7, 724 167,200 | 3,718
Miao oa a en. « 6, 750, 752 |319, 966 | 2, 767, 815 |122, 979 881, 103 | 36,509
Columbia: | oy ae fetariiets,
Blueback salmon ..... 17, 000 BION eae ents = loo ea ace sub eee anil suits aad
Chinook salmon ...... TELO00! re 4 C40 cee sce Hecate tac ee Cayo ere elevate lo Secs aiereta
Steelhead salmon ..... 21, 000 DORR acl seoac iit tis wale Hie cewemeens.s | ho aceteees
MOMTEEON - 02 -s4---- | 78, 682 BARN scree eee at Sale wiacciers Pee ed etalarssiaesa
ee ein Gee |. 6. SIR che oe ceehs- ee Ra ee ve

236, 048

236, 048

222

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Table showing by counties, species, and apparatus of capture the yield of the fisheries of
Oregon in 1889—Continued.

Gill nets. eer ane Seines. Lines.
Counties and species.
|
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
Coos:
Chinook salmon, fresh. 103,394 | $2,353) |< asesnnesan|anasaie 35, 447 $933 | fasceciemionie| eee
Chinook salmon, salted AF S500 MS 250 asanee cece sree ste biasietemmest eke |i re ocemer aese eee. -
(Grilles SSRb Gases sto tsae sac 4 Sabo sed seScsse sae dS Se 8oase|So ssn segedhboso sine | 26,112 | $1, 305
Halibats-. oo olen Moline see cmin sie oiseeeteievete| eialieenlnccsieee ie ate close lstacriereie cise eee aera 17,250 | 1, 725
ROCKS Hoss sono oe Sonal oso neers ool cote celeee least niece etal eiecece eee | Steere: Cee anette 84,010 | 4,200
Silver salmon, fresh! -s) SS09Mga)|| LOSES | coe m ay ae aci= saer al IYI SLTe en Alacra soos bec
SH acmlbnyymcponrsilysne GPM |) CpGyi We SS ele ee oe liwcacste eee een
Total: cos seSeasece 1, 2938, 167 | BB BAU | cece nese crerc|s emsecet 212,683 | 6, 250 | 127, 372 7 7, 230
Curry: = = ‘ : eon blis
Chinook salmon, fresh - G89 2807 | 20 PSO Sos ace nes |e ees 208, 102"|) (65583) \|ba--2. sees pee
Chinook salmon,salted 4,000 | WOO eae stesc oe eter teee 19, 400 fk Ts ee RRS | ictets =o —
Silver salmon, fresh.. - 7, 509 AUR RS cmeersacaellece ose 546,858) |) 110) 815+. See eee eee
Silver salmon, salted. - 9, 000 GOORLE sae melas tere ce 17, 600 (0) Oe ee Relea e
TEN ee tele 71097809 | eed OG Lee se nicecse cite erate wets | | 836, 960 | 18,878 |-.-----..-. i oe
Douglas: ay iz a
Chinook salmon....--- 238,345 | 4,766 33, 000 $660) 235 25,,26055 | aa ee eee eee eee
Silver salmon......... 506, 655 | 10, 183 30, 000 G00) | st sted teen Somes | Senco ae eee
Rialto ee 745, 000 | 14,899 | 63,000] 1,260 |........... oot a i
Lane: $3 Z | t iy
Chinook salmon....--. 1685420" 08; .868 ls SSecete meee acc ere| a semeistce ets [cae enece see ee een eee aaa
Silver salmon......... BAD 2105/0 D1 Ob Me asc coche cect | atte eee incic cle Geico sce Ome eee een eee
ain OER iL: 0) e305 dean | eee eek a Rh vee se [eka aed Saree 5
Multnomah: a 5 7ES
IBIBCK- COGS tarelaraacctetefe P| |< sam iia ete ae SS Ss Soonas ae scH bossagea bos Sasa aad ae saoce 25,000 | 1,250
Blueback salmon...--- 1445905) (5; 186; 2 oases nclbioae onan loeeeee coerce lesen csc ean en ae a
Chinook salmon...-.--. QIS, MOR. Webel AOD Ne crate cieterctal be ereseye cil ola eie ieterctall sine erelolete| soraraeee eee Eee eee
(CrlGus-COd 222 =. soso ste||s aner aie ele see nore | sabe ee asl ewaiemmian | sete seeiser | clsmieciciste 75,000 | 2, 250
talib inte ce one ccc el seme eas |S eeieP ech See ee ener lnmee eter tinct mecniee | hence 470,000 | 9,400
Steelhead salmon ..... T2e 980 |) SOP AT Tal ecm e ences ssdisisis oo) ciclo reset ie cle | aiaielee fore ere cle ceteneater tae |e eee
SIT TBA EOE) toa acidner sa )Soosnaceasoloaeaas- o|seeseoscecd senses. tacatsesoee-lFesscse- 427,000 | 5,426
i eee ASL ead Teread ee Oo Pees Se ee Blea 997, 000 | 18, 326
Tillamook : re, =
Chinook salmon....-... RTD UTO i ae ON nee Stebel sbodsaer aaSonadacg bansebessecbscsesselacenns-
Silver salmon ......... 285 15") BVO 2a see ere se acl eee ce |b seeeeecice Keone ee hs aee ee | Seen
otal eck). Jae: Wb 145 1 18 :640|122. eee scan vega howe mendilescen cl ae en
All counties: "htces il ae Ser z
iBlack-cod-sssea- gees =| scam Soe ee he SAS See seal eo eente | oes eee elle =e Sante | Ae
Blueback salmon ..--. 177,780 | 6,268 166, 680 3, 281 17, 500 481 25, 000 4, 200
Chinook salmon, fresh.| 8, 913,730 ,374, 194 | 2,220,175 [109,654 | 907,349 | 38,259 |...........|.-.....
Chinook salmon,salted HU HOOM ATO See aS eee 19, 400 16 ose stse=ee lence nes
Cultius=code-- ss. 05-co5\¢ SPA aae Sec oae tte eee Ona (se cscoscl |stoocoasnde asaosce 101,112 | 3,555
HalhihuabssssssS oo... + else ee coee ee cee hee be eee Eee ee eee 487, 250 | 11, 125
Lever Gt (2) een eae ey aes) Rae ed eee reer? Ret rae areas ee a eet en olla a 84,010 | 4,200
alee Seen mene cans Pee eee Monn o5os 29, 800 2, 980 190 10) | 22s -ce eee eee
Silver salmon, fresh-..-.| 3,226,589 | 72,113 30, 000 600 BOL50T) | 17; G80 iaoee eee ee eee
Silver salmon, salted... 341-500! TONGA eee eee ee eee 17, 600 OAL] DSS Ns eee ae
Steelhead salmon ..... 218, 160 5,123 383, 980 7, 724 167, 200 3; PLU e22 SoS See es ee
ISU] TE E21) eS one See 78, 682 oS al AP areal ants Srl ese one icc KnSe Ete 663,048 | 7,973
(Crapsesss. 25255 -)<-'° 6, 628 265.4 eee ginct|s waldeeee| -boowedoee hl. ck hectares Soe
Grand total ....... 13, 014, 519 [470,565 | 2, 830,815 |124,239 | 1,930,746 | 61,637 | 1,360,420 | 28, 103
|

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 223

Table showing by counties, species, and apparatus of capture the yield of the fisheries of

| ¢ Oregon in 1889—Continued.
ri
g Wheels. Minor nets. Tongs and hoes.
4 Counties and species.
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
Benton
mm Oysters...--- See ee ee eee acelccasc mo acbes| eset sce ulacats ee caattel Soe mee ae 150,000 | $3,125
Coos:
MRL eRe seat eee oS eae eae Loe on apaaaldavccces|s coe anee acud Sethe one el ae ae 48, 720 812
Multnomah: ’ ae aire nc:
m= Blueback salmon ......--...--....--.- ASS SADy ST ALB e hess ajnce cla ees tare satel eta ne is errata) ere
MNO: NAlMON sooo... sag asa nio,n wm Atay OOD stds S60 2s Sane ee ale oh ieee a0
BeeLneAG Salmon...) - sce. ose asec eee BONITO TW 1s O45) (ses ont 22s Salk oe atenal| Se eee Seana tee
PERSUS ise veneers tots) coes ca la sisoncece seal ase eetee 20/000: || $3; 000" |2a222-hS.eealee eee a
= pe ee ses eee ee a a
Oils caeacc ae on enle Ps asasecns ase 325, 485 | 13, 018 203000: |: 35000) |2-<2=255 eee eeeeeeees
Wasco: em:
lnebIck Salmon. <2 = seus esicin nce 515,115 | 15, 677 SH 5000), 1. Sates. 3 a. | eee
febinook Salmon! fi). os aeosssees—s 265,550 | 8, 307 STH 283.) 15 146" 2 oo aoe eee
PMG Gl SAMOS <a p\-amieis Gctoweaas Secs e 31, 500 630 35, 994 540) | sas aeo soe |e
RIEeinOdG Balm On ances 5 -\soe 2's saes = 37, 140 998 11, 450 229) | Sono. seh 3a] see
TU CEN ap era ne Bh mney S1ONS05U Da GID es | TBO RTE | ovanGn| poe. sence | ae ene
All counties: a,
IMB DAC SALMOND so a o2-1c1e a0) acca nce 700, 450 | 23, 090 Fev: ooo 0) 0) (ie he Bie | epee ee eo
fUninook- Salmo. =)... 6. - ces encase 379, 550 | 12, 867 Diese, | gloss eee ee
Biber salmon s.- 252. sa... scene Sees 31, 500 630 35, 994 a ee ee
mpoelhead salmon. —.-.-=5.%< 2o.e2ee ces 63,290 | 2,043 11, 450 2201 |e sabe oe SAS
DPI = ee oe D2 Stn, Sept se toe sia ollsa eae Seas seal oo Sorcistete 20K O00) | 2327000; |'-s- see ee
(CLLSCT TS een Rea a ape ee age Rr ers Jeeise aes solhis acetate lado waee cee demos te. 48, 720
NPD isonodeite bec oconaerecoceus2en (sac dco eeseee Pcocaced sere seeccoce Me Seance 150, 000
Grand total! fee. cos eee leases 1,174, 790 | 38, 630 209, 227 | 6,756 198, 720

.
Table showing by counties, species, and apparatus of capture the yield of the fisheries of
Oregon in 1890.

Gill nets. Fours nets and ~ Seines. Lines.
zx 4 p nets.
Counties and species.
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
Benton:
Chinook salmon ....--- A GOU GR sa atis| oe pate opal leis al se a eosin epee ceil sean aero Sate aeitaratea| (sees
Silver salmon....-....- 85, 400 LCT) bye Gene eeeeegee (4 Seo (ee ae See rd IPR eo |e Seine tan a |S Se EY
(CHAD SaaS eee 4, 200 HOSP | eee a 2 Se atic ee ert te SIS AS | ae cae ol Oe
Thi eae 160.760.) ace [eee ae Ls ier. ay Rees ae
Clackamas: Baa aie eek han ty one aps aa foes ae
Blueback salmon ..---- ae aa
Chinook salmon ....--- 30, 206
Steelhead salmon ...--- ,
otal coes. fseckse iG, G60 2
Clatsop: : ML
Baye anata ae as | tsinin wcevele 252, 465 | $5, 050 11, 250 $225) [sect age csllaeeee es
Blueback salmon ...... 9, 176, 655 |303, 143 | 2, 602) 475 | 93,385 | 268°750 | 9.000 |... 2... eel
Chinook salmon ....--. imociee. 49.570 | 3.965 530 "SB
ene ah 666 | 8, O08 (dae o- levenn nee TIA Ne EDT Sh a WO
aeiheadisalmon .28..| Ae, we? 516, 000.| 5,159 90, 130 | 901 oir a ae es
Tats eee ee 9, EGS) Ne 679 | 3, aan 107, cual ae 994 ; 11, ae Sees, pokes (reg
Columbia: = r |
Blneback salmon ....-- es on 7 yt Va eE eevee ees ce ore leew FITS acini ae sees
Back salmon 5. LEP Ase. GOD) | Pa EL eS I rer ans Teer rere Peoccoutes aipeanee ¢
Steelhead salmon ...-.. penises Wee) JS Sn ea be RL AS Bes ee LO CG Bo aati Pa
Sturgeon .........-.-.. 89, 659 | OOSn ee eames icc alstan ct st cdicccsheaciccl peices ithe $2,998
Tati eke ee 339, 659 10, 368 enehigt cra Ciasstritan okt Sota cheeses a ae he 2,998
Coos: i? HEA
Chinook salmon, fresh . iw ee Soir seen ee | ronnie elo ~ 3, 500 40 |.--------+-)-2e2e--
Chinook salmon, salted. re erate gs gis oe | ries ae [sine mieten ets (mine eS [ino 97120 | 1356
Eeisus-cod im oe a nl ea ee oles ole alanine ene ais ows lwlele es a= =|ee eid sine ain = |= _ ae ao os 1a 450 i 645
ME eer ee Oe ages coos (sso, abe cee [tee ii] 82,260} 4,113
Silver salmon, fresh. . - .| ae Wed r we S51 RS sche rag ts 25, 000 B15 |. ----2-2--- (Re BrSs
Silver salmon, salted... Meni Pn aan aS Gr et ols salience 7 eres a a ees
se a eee Is
> sibel <i oace CBS Rage? Fat SR 9 1 Se ee ee 28,500 | 415 | 125,830 | 7,114
? NS ala rrr, | cnr! SSF ——————e—s sO

224

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Table showing by counties, species, and apparatus of capture the yield of the fisheries of
Oregon in 1890—Continued.

Pound nets and

' ; Gill nets. trap nets. Seines. Lines.
Counties and species.
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.|} Pounds. |Value.
| |
Curry:
Chinook salmon, fresh-| 983, 450 $29, 504 |..........- pacoeSde 116, 802 | $2,849 |..... ace
Chinook salmon, salted. 11, 400 | HY ee cee cocoa] Weoenciac 85 700),|) A ASH tas ee eee
Silver salmon, fresh..-.|.--.-.----- Neecconodl|sssestdccs: eee se 2885808), 4,662) ||seece nee sae eee ee
Silver salmon, salted...) 6, 000 C2 eer airiciaos| Peaee aoe 2, WOO) 4,084 | 2-2 seeee- Bapeaios
Total: <0 ceca ones TOOORSDO NP SORZI0T Be aerate see ae AVSPATON PLO R023 Rae eee ee eee
Douglas: a ‘A a
Chinook salmon.......- 7, 000 C110 Sos eel Glens siee bei aerial Neon lees ae el aioe
Silver salmon.....---.- 13, 000 oO} RSA? ere eel es aa oe eae alpeernea ole a ilo were
Total oe ete wen 4 28ee| BOHOG | 4,[OROC| Se: CES OSE cis ac|eeeeeee | se ceceee eee ePerE
Lane: aa on ae z = = si
Chinook salmon ....... 114, 969 862) joking macs Saltiis Sees |e eared oc ce nelle hee eee eee
Silver salmon....-..--.- 291, 621 Zp STIG" Sete see 2 foaoe see bs onaatgeedesosagsél| oraz saascc peer
ROU cee sen ese pees AQG ISSO | On SB Malis 50 Ne | SINS =o rE ee Se i | ee ere eae (eee
Multnomah: > | seas San GAG Ta ane aes eae
Blueback salmon....---- 420 OOS OTe a Soc e mel no eirerciee oases «|ineesmicis|enesee cnene See eeee
Chinook salmon....---- ABS 3B0N NE MDOT oe ase sees ey SSS i eee | eee ee | oto eee
Steelhead salmon .----- 145, 843 DOB Nie tones eee lline © cha cia enseeeed See ane uae Seeeae bane
Sone CON eeeean-aeeeas)ane ne eer 2 == |-e-202 Be bean sAacds.|ssonr oan bosossosbs|( -------| 1,082, 826 |$12, 283
otal ees. ce eee sce 990,175 | 26,311 |-----------|eo0-----])- 0-2-2 2-2|--- 228. | 1, 082, 826 | 12, 283
Tillamook: aos Rita as aa a
Chinook salmon........ 29500, ZiQKB | sive sc Seca Sel] c\ Serna neste Pals ional law 6 eee aie |e re mete ee toe eres
Silyersalmon.....-.... ep EIN pales UREN Eesecncbouel|aoacason eabassesea||soscpsedlssodeskeaas||onos-oc
Total ae wssngscece 1 1663008161007 saa sae eet eee
All counties : Ta ee es ae
Blueback salmon......- 468, 333 | 10, 792 252, 465 | $5, 050 11, 250
Chinook salmon, fresh.|11, 399, 187 |865, 891 | 2,602,475 | 93,385 | 3889, 052
Chinook salmon, salted . 51, 400 SLO setecesees Eeeee seed 35, 700
Me OUNMIS COM a= peace safe -llaelatl ts = ecysil ee ne ates We Se cr Sane Coke” etaseien ope ll ee rearstere we
18 GUN) AUS Geeaheae tear MR ae ae pl ela eee Sl OT ele a
ROCKS Se Soba yet eoe | ae wees tees eee estes eee ite Sete release oe
Shade tes sae ee ee rhe en pea (De Age 49,570 | 3,965 530
Silver'salmon treshs-- 3) jjadna te) |eeombieaipe ae see sere eeeee 341, 142
Silver salmon, salted.-.| 286,000) 4,440 |........---|........ 827. 1100)
Steelhead salmon ....-. 374,469 | 5,389 516,000 | 5,159 | 90,130
DUUESCON =. 5-2 eae 89, 659 CD Betta 55 SB loo ao otidlgee sooo bs
(Celi ioaepeesadnoncdse se 4, 200 G8 ee let e | amet Pelee tare
——s ee eee —, es)
Grand total ....-..-. 14, 397, 625 413,760 3,420,510 |107, 559 894,904 | 22,154 | 1,477,617 | 22,395
Wheels. Minor nets. | Tongs and hoes. | Spears, guns, ete.
Counties and species. =
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. |} Value. Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
Benton:
ON GUHE) cade case pceaegol Pecans noe a0) ice to Seamooe lob ees kes O25 S60) | B2,08:,|| seater ere leet
00s: [
Clamsvnecisns sacneeiekele mesic rscee |aePdeond|Sacqcocsase basemen 46, 500 i Oya Reese |-----=-
Multnomah: igre a ae Se La
Blueback salmon....... 1, 222, 985 $36, 689
Chinook salmon......-. 1, 062, 000 | 31, 859
Steelhead salmon..-.-.-- 180,980 | 5,429
Fur-seal pelts.....---.- Stace soee|donsbaae
Crawuisnioniaecescossas e | onewiee sane tl aeeade es
TUN Hives: Soba 2, 465, 965 | 73, 977 | 25, 000
Wasco: Tm che
Blueback salmon...-.-. 1, 425,170 | 42, 755 163, 740
Chinook salmon ..----- 1, 018, 053 | 30, 502 125, 534
Silver salmon.........- 31, 620 749 71, 260
Steelhead salmon..--.-- 531,410 | 11, 045 110, 000
Magallanes eae 3, 006, 253 | 85,051 | 470,534 |
All counties:
Blueback salmon ...-..- 2, 648,155 | 79, 444 163, 740
Chinook salmon ..-.-.-.-. 2, 080, 053 | 62, 361 125, 534
Silver salmon.........-. 31, 620 749 71, 260
Steelhead salmon..---- 712,390 | 16,474 110, 000
Fur-seal pelts.......... | pede je ceteig |e ema [eames Dials
@rawiishy-\j-ce es. kene 5 | arate Bn. el| cae ene 25, 000
(ONE AR eee ee era aemmenin, Me eal aoken @ nee 77
ON StOLS Sen toe sect oe pace eeaSacdyoscmcod|ssocdoscaca||ascecace 132, 360 | PR oso h eee co eee
Grand total by 472, 218 a

159, 028

495, 534

a

Counties and species.

| Benton:
- Chinook salmon
_ Silver salmon
~ Crabs

Clackamas:

_ Blueback salmon

~ Chinook salmon
Steelhead salmon

‘Clatsop:
Blac EC OU uiaiala'ainieh/aipiatnie's
Blueback salmon
Chinook salmon
Cultus-cod

- Halibut
Shad

_ Silver salmon
Steelhead salmon

Columbia:
Blueback salmon
Chinook salmon
Steelhead salmon ....-.
Sturgeon

Coos:
Chinook salmon, fresh -
_ Chinook salmon, salted.

Rockfish
Silver salmon, fresh... .
Silver salmon, salted...

Total .....

Curry: |
Chinook salmon, fresh -
Chinook salmon, salted.

Silver salmon, fresh. - -.
Silver salmon, salted...

‘Douglas:
Chinook salmon
Silver salmon

Lane:
Chinook salmon
Silver salmon

‘Multnomah:
Blueback salmon
Chinook salmon
Steelhead salmon
‘Sturgeon

‘Tillamook:
Chinook salmon
Silver salmon

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

Oregon in 1891.

Gill nets.

Pounds. | Value.
182, 359 | $2, 337
72,383 | 1,388

3, 521 141
258, 263 | 3, 866
21, 140 | 846
88, 750 | 3,550
18, 112 362
128,002 | 4,758

Pound nets and

225

| _" showing by counties, species, and apparatus of capture the yield of the fisheries of

trap nets. Seines. Lines.
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.; Pounds. |Value.
Bee atainl siatatets |ietatata(olate 78, 000 STSO ee ata rnarce |e eee
Cane a2 |e eee 63, 000 GBQh hs cAseoned aes ern
eae Presque | GEE. Q00-\.1, 400) | ean een

|

x

3 abd Ege ty hance OA (BONN | Bk era | Ce 1, 000 $8
ier ma oot 115, 680 | $2,896 | 11,260 | 295 |..........-|.......
11, 064, 180 |439, 252 | 2,740, 325 [109,613 | 412,175 | 16,489 |........... ee
Bee A Ah al rE AB eh 9 ide sree = SS a 800 F
pe ee eee Wie Tunas all Gates geal nea tate ee 28,000} 1,400
4, Aaa eRe eI G55 G00 Wr eava0 | tee BUD. hc BO |e. e olleaoatee
TaD dO Wotan Vk sme Nee me UR ee Cee cs ogele - vnea ce [ease
102,800 | 971 | 548,660 | 5,563 | 47,920| 858 |..........-|.......
11, 299, 560 |441, 548 | 3,466,665 |121,792 | 479,855 | 18,152] 29,800| 1,416
TEE TAL STRCGir el Mer, eae Lael (ARR Ae BR oid Ke oO De Bl ella
TSS ULE Wage fec ARS gate a apa] PRGA Ree A Fe RAR
nen HOUEeE ere aime SalI ce eee (Pca, Gale aa
COR OVER opt ate ee LL cc yee eel 353,986 | 3,878
CHL UG ee ceed aan ae 353, 986 | 3, 878

| ———3 aa = =
Te GNGHE, © awa os ona GstiGal. “AVAL ak eee
5 S}c21 1 im ae 8 el | aa lige Peat ea FU nis (OS SEs Soe
27,615 | 1,381
15,930 | 1,593
83,220 | 4’ 161
{ieObOLe bis eo da nat Oa apOuliy 1. SAN. |e keels ive
eae le eenenivas chen tpn gel eh it E20 oe
405,000 | 5,881 |...... ie see | 117,880 | 1,713| 126,765| 7,135

} a | | —as |

Wertqeeer ae bIGniee elk ee ABT OBS er, SBM. wee soe ad bac
TOFU BRBOM fh occ cede ll an car a Gd | 411 Gans Ocala hs legate
Pers Oe RON Tad Sot haere Be ASB GAEA|| 2, 703) |.- x oateee ele
Sala cdtigaitee octal ees 48. 880. lL, 7325108. we. pes een
{435 ouiaw Tio |e lle Sie Belk. Lo ee
Seq ih na eA 0 ieee bleh aia! ae hoes. 9 ssa ae emma ed 2! ye
RMOUDIIA iu'HOD. Vac hone INANE: el ere IN sl ae ahs so pe
SUSI edad (cache aes Soe eee rca] a rae Sean
TREO ge Papo tant taaecd” 2) Ef lea ln keel piel ages A ree ba La rn mir
SRS da RIESE eI cpt oc kl RS i ND Pe
333,270 | 4,175 |...-- Bical? RA a ies ibe 4 A"
ESR a pee CYT acne eo eee Ded (aot ene Cette cers Rest
Bon gadel 1 Beles co. a op (esa Nee ONL NY P<
ECR S MINBOMTIO EAI el A (ae a eae cae Wee a ie 9 Pee
_ eRe MRE S OIC 5 aoe 9 ete iene aaa nae 984, 632 | 12, 141
ie AGL. ne es ea San 984, 632 | 12,141

a ee se Se ————p= —
Da hae a4 cee eae | eg 7 yea a7) eRe a i
Gin nie (yo Ogos. ApCGORE No WOON We cites osdhe So
FA) a On Tee ara Gi Ba» 6100) |-secacs ne: pone

226

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

a

\

Table showing by counties, species, and apparatus of capture the yield of the fisheries of )
Oregon in 1891—Continued.

Pound nets and

Gill nets. Seines. Lines.
Counties and species. EEE
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. |Value,
Wasco:
Siler salmon ye besser el aera ete pia arate etahatatate tat = fatatataloledatststs| aceite tele 6, 060 $190 |.-... BANOO sceec- -
Steelhead salmon tis aay) ae ote ll tetera Settee el eet tetera 3, 000 0 |. Sh6s055a5n| Soe
Motalicsee sy, ROE Yet lceiae ice eee ene Meee ee 9.000 | 280 |..i22.20 2
All counties: Wis ae Fuss ‘
IEKOLe as ae rrinndciddad Sean soacase |seacesaeeoaaddasac boos oc mectooodag Maoseatc 1, 000 $8
Blueback salmon ...--- 187, 355 | $6, 341 115, 680 | $2, 896 11, 260 PB Ssperapoddicace--—
Chinook salmon, fresh .!13, 284, 926 |499, 307 | 2, 740,325 |109, 613 600; 1°73: |).19,:882) 2222 Sse eee
Chinook salmon, salted. 48, 750 CP Per apenas apres | scrape pete! 48700") 1,948 Voce eee ee eee
G@altws2co0ds. 22222 ee | Peek eee atela||* eterctele tere RoR ee eee tel bes eee erial Bie eee etme meleetatere 28,415 | 1,389
TEN ie go soc eggs oc) le aSeoee earns osogood | beasne mosey Soeabodd pacersseds leangomac 43,930 | 2,993
ROCK TAN scene Seen teehee eos cas] Se eee Sera] See Sten ee |S eceeees | See co eee neler 83,220 | 4,161
SHAG see sararec oe nee sates ene eee ce eel eee ee ee 62,000 | 3,720 8, 500 SLO" aha se25<-e eee -
Silver salmon, fresh. --. Tl wtOo | PlOsQ0Ds| Ge seseee ar aise eee 346; 857) |b) G63) oo se cee] eee
Silver salmon, salted. -- Dbb200l) BL906 |seeeeee ese |eceeemee 43300: | © 1; 132) 2S 222 ose noe] >= eee
Steelhead salmon .....- 221,180 | 3,937 548, 660 5, 563 50, 920 948 )2 2532. See5.lleee ee
Stungeon!) .ice.. 2--. tee ols SECO Bay Nis Rae? Pe eae rs tl nee hal en tee eo onad src 1, 338, 618 | 16, 019
OLADSaasscacscictiee ss =< 3, 521 149: |S Pd See rece ees eee ee Sane ee | sameeren | See
Grand total.---.:.. \14, 841,716 |526,791 | 3, 466, 665 121, 792 |1, 109,710 | 30,478 | 1,495,183 | 24,570
W heels. Minor nets. Tongs and hoes. |Spears, guns, etc.
Counties and species. zr
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. |Value.
Benton:
(ONG ee cocococscoae ad pesanscoas lcoramsd|iociasmodccnp>ncciass 146, 040 | $3,043 °|.--.------- | - aa
Clatsop:
Tbe CEN ie) Ure eeeseeeaa lssaaco sconce PEadssod boseetosce cel |acocaes| possaccmer||sascaqse aso scescos $8, 480
Coos:
Claman sone er roses oa |lseee eee gee Hecee oe | Ge Seneeieen eemecnae 45, 600 760,.||ss0Ch eae |eoeeean
Multnomah: 5 7
Blueback salmon ....-- VLG6395\ | 'PBPHOValeosaes sos nt|eeceee ss) stesee cease tlaaee see | Seek e aaa Eee
Chinook salmon. ....--. 1165,:900' |) iB AGT eases neces lense we ete cere erere oO reel ase |latete tet
Steelhead salmon ..-..-- 47.940) | 1438) | Sos ee eek ee See ee a pee ne oases eee ee ee
Fur-seal pelts...---.---. [SeSSne ceeee|-bpbocod Reamer eras MSeoseSoiesaancbesclase sess soes0cbo% 18, 000
Orawiishis (xc cao | Roose eeall ea 30; 000" |2@4,/800:|: sv =22 oho aes eee ee
Motalsyamnsees he ae 330, 235 | 10, 157 30 T000 | ra a0Ouloeeeeoee een | ee 18, 000
Wasco: Ta “ a ap RY Pm yes Olay
Blueback salmon ....-- 288,520 | 8, 655 W52 182) OPS8Bi le ees eal Seis sree late pete tee | oan
Chinook salmon.....-.-- 304,053 | 9,122 BR) Wal ele Ok Mee Reels amos dd|idtesteceoccolfe st -- ~~
Silver salmon.........- 34, 440 933 72, 590 P3089) |e Se shes ees | Re ee eae erate
Steelhead salmon ...--.- 179. 040 3, 950 74. 600 lea ON ee ee ORS aeconinaocaaagesnclicgosc
Motel oes 2 eee |= iggetong)!| o9.tg0:) = a7aAges (| Meese yaks we mean meen oe oe eu a
All counties: 5; : TA ca pee ; i a
Blueback salmon 404,915 | 12, 207 152, 182
Chinook salmon. ....-.. 469, 953 | 14, 289 73, 591
Silver salmon........-- 34, 440 933 72, 590
~ Steelhead salmon.....-. 226,980 | 5,368 74, 600
Fur-seal pelts....---..-|-:-. bb i2iciaailleretetaiaceleval| Seats ereieeeiets
Orsiwiish: c2e~. stems ssc eaten ele ciats 30, 000
WISIMSE A accuse sacs consle Reo osonssa| tema ose Acie eee eeeeeene 45, 600 160.1552 cee ess ee
ON RUE So oniggogedcnDODEd psacdeceoned Sccsognalsosomecacec|scaeseoe 146,040 | 3,043 |.-.-.-----.|------=
Grand total ........ | 1,136, 288 | 32,797 | 402,963 | 10,536 | 191,640 | 3,803 |........... 26, 480
|

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

Oregon in 1892.

227

“Table showing by counties, species, and apparatus of capture the yield of the fisheries of

Gill nets. poe nets and Seines. Lines.
, t rap nets.
Counties and species. ah ei
| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. |Value.
|
Benton:
Chinook salmon....---- PAGATOON RSS OQIel sas 28 «deeb see ern, CMRI | Mea Cupil an secee tei tect dec
Silver salmon.-......-. OM OLON fel S04 ol Seem clots =hot|ecminizi spa 12, 000 120!) sunagioweA alee =
EGDADA). owicssce eae soos acct 4,125 AO ers ee A = le cetaectc yd | on 8 Rarcrm cll lay mt tes Seca |e Ee ere re
Motals:Jsses.aseteas 327, 625 ASORDE eaters uals alts casa ararm 49, 500 AGB ferctunn: cee ose, «|| Sees
© Clackamas: baht? Pag ae Miers
~ Blueback salmon ...--- Pike) fool OSOMl sent sie, seed |e Me Woes ccc aces lb uke oc aclloces ae ieee Eee
, Chinook salmon...----- TSN Be hae os Ee ee eo ee a oe ne ce eee et tS
: Steelhead salmon..-.-- 24, 214 GOH eae. Adee Seale elels orators SS OE Jae bets eee eee eee
et, ees 165,551 | 6,283 |..........- Ses aoc ee ee a
Clatsop: Nes we. Say ae
M@epeeineback salmon... - ~~ |oo0cc een] sceenecs 494,210) |$12),360"|) 132 285s 3,620) |. 2. cemien-| Seems
Chinook salmon.....--. 87814; 650 332) 622) K3NL53) 925) 126) 127 2), 639; 175) 25, 567 |. a2 s<e oenlemesere
UPI NTELOU Sri aero Sees ei | Ne aye ae ntaiays fate ler ae | eee a kal ~: a8 stay] Seat tea | een eee ae [een a Phe 10, 000 $400
LETTING ete one ea Suge an neh RE | Ri eat aren ae eee e| (Pee eee |r Oat wat een aad 2, 000 100
: PROMS No oc Sa ayes Sei [hc Melee ete oS Ste a tap Se eR el ES I so 5, 000 200
Sl herg 1g Eg a [a he EE 94,000 | 2,820] 15, 000 ABO. sees Suckrseulaceeees
' Steelhead salmon...... 46, 480 A00;'|) 1, 182, 400: | iit, 411) | aT, 24001) 2; OBB: |e. J. veo confaee eae
PLGtalee sak, = = oe cits 8, 361, 130 |333, 121 | 4,874,535 |152, 718 923, 700 |} 31, 702 17, 000 , 700
Columbia: | ee . . |
Blueback salmon ...-.- 20, 000 (CO OR|eeiee Se sapae lnsete a eco tate SIM kilo Siese sie.csc] Dam mels oelatare [eee
Chinook salmon. .....--. LEO ROOO TN MG HO0O! es asiescta Sol Sere osrom || cra mperaimal| sim eioe anja | omiate oo cee ore eels
Steelhead salmon.....- 30, 000 OY | aacbece a yal Pere ot. dl OS rome cis atc cial" ciatea at tearsalare mene ae
RYO EE SCOT ole ele laeieimin/niei=!-1- 120, 283 DBF jars ical cepa Sl momiets = ae 5's eraje rare meme) Biagsiaie a sie 840,512 | 8,993
Rataleeee sc. ogroad |G wwilecs.. flea eatery. 840,512 | 8,993
Coos: Free on eo ae
Chinook salmon, fresh- 25, 000 BOB oAe malsiaoe tseraivebe: 27, 500 A438) |: Soccce deme saeeees
Chinook salmon, salted. 32, 500 City 204 | ee ae es reer (Pace | a ee, Se eee
PPNTIB- COU Se seme ae | nate ee oe = | sietedasn2 die eeces | anuesetlkow debe a Seamer 26, 804 1,315
SSPORUNNREN ieee te ere Pl toe eae Serer ad [lalore Sotcnaall sce ee Seas Chen tae al tanec dibidec cient 16, 870 1, 687
BrOGR Shines sic seas + 3254 See aR Loe eh Heel een ap hel atae ley aletafaue aa its ays erermne aieiai|fesere cree sis 81,115 | 4,055
fulyersalmon, fresh. 22.) <' 187,500 | 2,104) Ic. cee e ees. cee 125,000! It 0 G23! | eamsertncersleeenicies
Silver salmon, salted...) 227,500 | 3,500 |...-....--.|.---.--.|.-..----- [So6>eQpa||-oncceseceslstcecae
Biotal Ji. sicsecas-- APA EGOS Sea. oe. eed Be 152,500 | 2,361 | 124,289| 7,087
Curry: | w 7 ae
Chinook salmon, fresh.| 583,570 | 17,507 |....-..--..|-..-.... TODQRSQ7: | BrdOd” | Ssereerser es | eee
Chinook salmon, salted. 2, 000 BON persia Aerial wisiscinisee 20, 200 810). oosce8s ae >| eae
PM OOS AMON BiGSN. = oslo! ae sosn on tle ease | Seek ee see siete sk see 2O0R853 |) (38714. |omcmere cee slios oe are
Silver salmon, salted... 3, 000 1204 resets s cedlassnzecd 21, 600 864: see hoa eee
Rptal .o.88e!-0=..| 588,570 | 17,707 |....-..--- dstasuee | iguataso |) 7nse |) cues de nea
Douglas: Ge, a
Chinook salmon...----- 105;O008 |F Ay BIA SS. Sep wis 4 HRs re Stas | bvepare Sere | lata/crdte ot fel ieee kel otel eeere ete
Silver salmon........-. FEDEAGOOR| pli PAR ESPs Hee eect | Scat are Hoe aisle ote een eo ere
os Ce eae 859, 600 | 12, 626 |...... Le IPE dl ee ee Heme? <: A
Lane: et. ie
Chinook salmon.......-. 136;,950! |e TUTE | eee ara bees osele 4, 150 BD ers pumtenaes heres | habia a =
Silver salmon.......... DT, F86) 140) P17, 612) Eee aesue bee eo. 12, 160 ABB) 3. cears 3 day orl aes ©
Miattbice eto .. 15/928, 090)|\40; 32% ak. wots ele 2s ack Ns Ae ST ORLY Ol PR RE BE ee
Multnomah: eee aie 35
Blueback salmon ...... AES TOR | ALONG ion eects tO eoe eee see eee Ne sOuee oh a St obama
Chinooksalmon.......- DZASISI Hck a eee lpeeterere sie mae lie = ciate tee via erie all Aisa ene ace flaeaa cae hen) ol Dieses
Steelhead salmon --.... TAQ W OSB? ini DEAT sete jorerm ti| re siaitooe [eraisetssitesahcss ce aula ose sae swell “seems
SUE PD GTIY 2 2 eS Ets orig en ace s| Fee pS 27a | le ee be PR ee | eee 1, 552, 695 | 17,721
gale Te Manne: O76 Waster Wee: see fel -8le| conse deesfors coe 1, 552, 695 | 17, 721
Tillamook: wa a
Chinook salmon........ CRO OU0Y ea rOOUMicstccta sats et sa oe Fear |e eae ce oan) are, cele niaiclfemets ns. cetm,ciall eee» a
Silver salmon.........-. ACER PSUTTON SP Eee aay SEP (eee ee] Pie eae ie lee nee
OS i eee ee Pe (ap Recta) eae (ART (acy ces beeen Rese ee Re
_————— | | ee ——— S| So

228

REPORT OF

COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Table showing by counties, species, and apparatus of capture the yield of the fisheries of —
Oregon in 1892—Continued.

Pound nets and

Gill nets. Seines Lines.
Counties and species. ene pete:
Pounds. Value. | aieaale irene Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. Value, 7
| |
Wasco:
Bluebaek) salmon were-m| asco skicac |(cnecieeee 5, GOO $150 | 105,450 | $3,164 |........... eee
Chinookjsalmoneeret =.) |, eet eee ae 51, 180 2,140 49, 540 1, SUL) | paaeeererse |. abi
Silver:salmonc-a2..~ see S255 ta: oo | teeose al earsioe Scere emer 10, 000 BIO eeeseserserse ec.
Steelheadtsalmon's: cena |a se 2 seeecrlleeereor 3, 000. | 45 48, 112 962i poceask aaa oe
To tall Merc weetihe Saale Sea e ei ticles eels 59, 180 2, 385 213, 102 Dy O87 Ne ook Seen ase|| eee
All counties:
Blueback salmon .....- 535, 420 |$12, 462 499° 210.) M2.510U) M2BTATB5" |) 10,784) | eemaereer oe) aeeeeeee
Chinook salmon, fresh.|10, 328, 970 |385, 410 | 3, 205, 105 |128, 267 BB 0592: | BON 34.7: ese. ceed seen
Chinook salmon, salted. 34, 500 BOG! Secterectensie toners ererratererele 20, 200 810 |i. eS ee
@wltUs-codasesssccncoen epee es. Seca iew re cer|eece eee ae ae| eke nea epeeeeier cel me pecicice 26, 304 | $1,315
AE] OU ELS ase as Se SS rete tae SO Sim vara la tore ell ime eee oe etree tere ee oe Meno 10, 000 400
ToT Tn Weeeiectter one saa | ERSeoeise Go sticen neta sear Mie sea sel eeeo onan Hesemacn 18,870 | 1,787
BLO CES fon 3S: See 2 | See a See Nee eee Oe eee SRE SS Me oo AS mall Sema eeree | annie 86,115 | 4,255
Shagh 4 Fos gos He INS s| 'sulee Saseeied lowes eleee 94,000 | 2,820 15, 000 450): |\ciieeta- eel Ree
Silver salmon, fresh....| 3,204,450 | 48,246 |........-..]-.-.--.- 359/,513>|" (6,399) |.....- oc ceisel aeeeees
Silver salmon, salted... 230V 00H a; ba0bllecreeseceeaite a easee 21, 600 864... .,cas cel ae
Steelhead salmon ...--- 241, 677 4,356 | 1,135, 400 | 11, 456 185, 352 B 027 |k..2..55eeee eee
Sturceonysacaacc eee 1BQOR2835| GAN 287). ine ceeocedllack eh cetlaacereeeeclaeeeocte 2, 393, 207 | 26, 714
Crabsseciittsasens es sec 4, 125 AO JARe BE LS] I oe 20] ee | a ee ee | eee
Grand total.....--. 14, 699, 925 |456, 473 | 4, 933,715 |155, 053 |1, 699, 592 | 48,681 | 2,534,496 | 34,471
Wheels. Minor nets. Tongs and hoes. Saeant guns, ete.
Counties and species.
Pounds. | Value.} Pounds. | Value. Pounds. values Pounds. | Value.
Benton |
OyvStervsie castes seme cnee oaee eee Ne eee el Sete tS mi Sex| 14°7;.000):|''$3;'062) |2.- 23.2 ces\eeeeeee
Clatsop:
ISTS EGE he Sppbbepoooobe cans oon eebecl beSoosacisssoosseco oo oodase| ese Se joveeceee lee steerer geists $18, 788
‘00s:
OPA S hee a Sea locyerioen |peeer Garren Iepeveyelveteres| estes acteraiceteenatsteyoren 49, 500 825; |2-- s- dee See eee
Curry: |
SEG (OGlel calif aaa ed ama ene saassoo|lssocsecn\scostesqooe ss san soc SEMA eerste Sener Inet oy - | 1,729
Multnomah: |
Blueback salmon ...... TAG: 210 $22 BBCi la aisrerwtays ware hiararaieiararers ls ate mioteyaaralls. 4 ajelalatainilefatelelatayeiexs/aiel ebeoae raed
Chinook salmon ....-.-- ABINGDON ela O00 Neem eitei-tats| eee 4 | Gee eee Woes oen or eord ance \sesasc-
Steelhead salmon .....-. QS TON BKBSB shoe Macias Mere crtdee is Sse SS Sa oes e old ince cctesotets «| See eee
Fur-seal pelts
Crawihish sss o.
Motali= lasses. 1, 493, 970 | 44, 819 2070001!) SA000I| Scce aeme clas cate | eeeey gay e 24, 478
Wasco:
Blueback salmon ....-.. 826,713 | 24, 801 295, 1093) | a a7) ce Sete || ereterclsre(all stators ota Saneetel Speyer
Chinook salmon ....... 697. 465 | 20, 924 33, 900 | B09. (| sisererersres arcil ercvare sien | (Cats mes cietere ts tere see
Silver salmon 25-5 eee0 274,785 | 8, 234 LOR AUB Se eG IEt ee pecoobe See osarsiacqoberere -/Socc 2c
Steelhead salmon ...... 660, 430 | 19, 813 Cay Gro} Oia 0s AN Oy ll Ba eye) pe (Pe nmeey|e Sa |b Sch arse
es pe ee | | pase peas ES ee
SRotal ates eeeys 2,459, 393 | 73,772 | 483,514 | 7,254 |...-.-...- Ik& chante) A ceceoen a eee
All counties:
Biueback salmon ......| 1,572,923 | 47, 187 295; 109 6 | A, BOT occ ictpe ical leai= otareace | ties cerercre rere | eee
Chinook salmon .-.-.--. 1,149,115 | 34, 474 33, 900 BOS 3) es Pees Sl earths seietal Reece
Silversalmon.......-.-- 274,785 | 8, 234 86;,703)|4 71, 301 See Seer JoeB Reed eso ccise ee ee ese
Steelhead salmon ....-- 956, 540 | 28, 696 67802 | 1 OMT to esdaceeee N efasuyatay ayotel| siete Sictars ays eee renee
‘Muar-seal pelts: <1 H5=. = 5- || see See acs |laedteree ernie rss | Sec ilas ol Paeemerete all inrererstere (all eimrelate meee 43, 266
SEROUS) Ue Soe meaere| henorceeocd baccendo| |Geoqesoinl ac ee opooel lsosceaoccd|oseenmmculesoecancaoc 1, 729
Crawitsh cece coset =|siscaeectecsileeescncetiy 20, 000)) MS nOQON Sass gio ter ereraicie cic | elo era erate eater
Clams e-em be clic se 49, 500 $250) sec j2 see eee
Oysters 147, 000 3.062: |saeeteR es eee
Grand total ....---- 3, "3, 953, 363 |118, 591 508, 514 | 10, 254 196, 500 3) 880 «| sineome eee 44, 995

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIKS.

229

ie ‘
\ Lable showing by counties the extent of the salmon-canning industry of Oregon in 1889,

1890, 1891, and 1892.
Canneries. Canneries.
Counties and Havas aoe Counties and Nouns
ears. lata | as ears. z Cash
y ployees. No. | Value. | , apital. y ployees.| No.| Value. capital.
| Benton Lane—cont’d.
Pe oe: ae 34 1 | $10,000 | $25, 000 UGON Se ece me onee 32 1 | $13, 000 $7, 000
SLO] goes SE ee eee 22 1 10, 000 11, 000 at Reese 91 2] 24,000 35, 000
SEE eee eee 22 1 10, 000 10, 000 |} Multnomah: =
Clatsop 188072 28 = 157| 2} 46,000! 29,000
Lat) ee 684 | 11 | 370,500 ; 354, 500 TC Segre is See 191 2| 46,000; 133,000
1) See 737 10 | 347, 500 | 396, 500 UCT eRe ee 158 2 46, 000 46, 000
LL] ee ee 830 | 10 | 385,000 | 464, 900 TS OD Fes ee tec 225 3} 71,000} 150, 000
3 ee eae 838 10 | 365,000 | 465,000 || Tillamook:
| Coos: 1 21, 000 20, 000
“Sa eee 87 2] 14,500] 40,000 il 21, 000 27, 000
Co aes | 37 1 9,000 | 10, 000 1 21, 000 10, 000
i Lh? eae 35 1 9, 000 20, 000 ab 21, 000 30, 000
{ Curry:
0) ee 105 2 | 32,300 | 55,000 1 30, 000 28, 000
| SEU) ee 78 1 380, 000 52, 000 2 55, 000 70, 000
LS) 3S 72 1 30,000 | 52, 000 1 30, 000 20, 000
eo: See 63 1} 30,000 | 35,000 | 2 55, 000 70, 000
Douglas
O32) 4S ee | 49 1 15,000 | 30,000 22 | 552,300) 611,500
ee ait ase wets | 51 1 | 13,000} 20,000 17 | 512,500] 688, 500
Lane: 18 | 544,000 | 620,000
TRAE Oh fe. 40} ._ 1] 18,000 | 30,000 22 | 598,000 | 835, 000
i SA as 36 iE 13, 000 10, 000
Salmon utilized in canning.
a and Chinook. Blueback. Steelhead. Silver. Total.
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pounds. |Value.| Pounds. Value.| Pounds. | Value.
Benton
TS SS BAUKCAON) (ea esOll ne cect eal sekmeseelocuesewet|oseteec 309,260 | $4,639 630,000] $8,488
Bags 22... HGS “OUO aeel OSD! eee ts tele ee ee |e Re emer? 55,800 558] 248,800] 2.488
5 awe DaaOOGs sD 600i he ter ess Se Lo sceuee cise se oes 14,000 | 180 238,000 2,780
Clatsop
Li! aS 8,866,085 | 430,614] 213,378 | $10,669) 681,846 |$20,455; 331,940) 8,097 10,093,249] 469,835
ic ee 111,298,416 | 342,237 | 242,352 4,847 | 869,088] 8,691} 872,890| 5,659 |12,782,746] 361,434
Li} 13,974,042 | 555,874 | 145,860 2,917 | 802,164 | 10,428} 141,680} 1,417 |15,063,746] 570.636
g 182 Sa 12,328,418 | 483,635 | 629,244 14,169 |1,383,954 | 22,143 574,000 | 5,740 |14,915,616| 525,687
oos:
SD eo on, 32,500 BST oa sama sacaeeenl cin soe oneleses be 455,000! 9,100 487,500 9,587
Le 25,100 DEO eratnrafaie atete lle mane cmeall mtejrade miata he tatere iets 158,770 | 2,381 187,870 2,701
1892. ....... 52,500 BOG eer ares ewes aed meee weclee eames 262,500 | 4,037 315,000 4,873
Curry:
I ere SPE atte Mere OS memes Arse toretatareres |lsetetateie eat aamsstalerate 509,483 | 10,190 | 1,381,240] 35,877
P8O0 ..i2.... OAR DATs | sed dette | ate oro siaee aed ele aia sara wreiese, ale 193,533 | 3,871) 1,241,560] 35,312
Leth a ROS AL NS! |) ise OKO | ste, carserctcal S Meee ne alate eee tae cia: 2 135,087 | 2,702) 1,297,200} 37,572
ice GR OLGEY elves ira irae age ban cele tr oe (RC 147,323 | 2,946] 779,960| 20,453
Douglas
ict <i 270,900 Dredd So ec e oe al nae toes lt tela se oe|> stele ste 534,100 | 10,682 805,000} 16,100
L 1) 105,000 BUDS asinic jn) oi ail seta elnteaai| «Siete mcaie [pete ers 754,600 | 11,314 859,600 12,626
ane:
ae 1 COE oR ast eI ey iS 614,810 | 16,370} 783,230| 19,738
3 107,100 ib S Ee OUao Seba oy ence re cuisaataae 178,221 | 2,675 | 285,321 3,478
US) a 49,700 BY 63] Ree Ie nat ame eens Aas see aeoom 98,770} 1,482! 148,470 1,855
i 130,900 IGE) SRE Shee Eee Seen ena cc ea leearce ss /1,149,400 | 17,140 | 1,280,300] 18,776
Multnomah: |
a 322,475 | 12,899] 359,860] 14,395] 62,240] 2,499|.........|......- 744,575} 29,793
PSG0es 2. ..| 1,393,815 | 41,814 |2,084,645 | 62,499| 345,350| 10,360 |.........|.....-. | 3,823,810] 114,673
Ee cis neo 677,234 |} 20,316) 331,855 9,955 | 216,060] 6,482]......... |------- 1,225,149) 36,753
PS92e 2. | 1,313,300 | 39,400 |2,079,855 | 60,639} 960,370 | 28,911/......... joes aaa 4,353,525 |} 128,950
Tillamook:
1889 490,000 Ue B40H os oak Meee ee ail etea aie celinte Ge pms) 252,000} 5,040 742,000] 12,880
297,500 FLY) SRE | (i Ararat PE fees ee 840,000 | 12,600 | 1,187,500} 15,575
EC WCRI) Pe La a |e Ped ie aE 147,000} 2,205] 456,610} 5,920
S80 00D; | MMO CSED |. osteo an Lae eNeY Halhes i La 1,015,000 | 15,225 | 1,295,000] 18,585
261,732 8,179 | 488,032) 14,641 31,500 Goi teo ec alenb ewes 781,264) 23,451
670,871 | 20,186 |1,391,880| 41,756| 490,000] 9,318/.........|......- | 2,552,751| 71,200
226,660 6,800 | 253,820 HOLES 6) bg br oly te) ese | 672,700 18,739
549,120| 16,443| 768,210} 23,045] 704,195 | 13,536 | 374,185| 7,484 | 2,395.710| 60,508
Te 11,604,609 | 498,341 |1,061,270 | 39,705 | 775,586 | 23,585 3,006,593 | 64,118 116,448,058 625,749
ite 114,815,729 | 439,396 |3,718,877 | 109,102 |1,704,438 | 28,369 |1.584,644 | 24,805 21,823,688 | 601,672
ABO e oe. |16,621,459 | 624,198 | 731,535 | 20,487 1,210,444 | 21,234) 737,107 | 10,745 '19,300,545 | 676,664
es |15,615,875 | 566,729 3,477,309 | 97,853 3,048,519 | 64,590 |4,291,008 | 64,066 26,432,711 | 793,238
>

,

230 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Extent of salmon-canning industry of Oregon in 1889, 1590, 1891, and 1892—Continued.
Cases of salmon packed.
Sea and} Chinook. Blueback. Steelhead. Silver. Total
No. Value. No. Value.| No. Value.| No. Value.| No. Value
Benton:
M889. Se Les CRG PAN Pb yt leaeeane Meteo bse saesollbsaese ae 4,418 $19,881 | 9, 000 $45, 082
731°) Ree 2, 800 14,700! |ecece- so: (oe cme eee eee wnlmeeeeercs 800 | 38, 600 3, 600 18, 300
TRO ss SIO "NAG. BOUL | Teas Seelam ee ee 200 900 | 3,400 17, 700
Clatsop: :
ol} Se oer 136, 129 811, 174 3, 238 |$18, 467 | 10,331 ($43, 906 4,742 | 19,468 |154, 440 893, 015
US90L cae clases 170, 938 985, 041 8, 672 | 20,196 | 13, 168 | 52, 672 5, 330 | 19,655 193,108 | 1,077, 564 ~
1891... ease /211, 621 |1, 211, 105 2,210 | 12,154 9,750 | 39, 000 2, 024 7, 084 |225, 605 | 1, 269, 343
's B92 relia ess 186, 673 |1, 079, 103 9, 534 | 62,487 | 20, 969 83, 876 8,200 | 28, 700 |225, 376 | 1, 254, 116
‘00s:
PEBOE - ace e- 500 D ABOU See srmiciie, <a aa eeroa a meme here mee ree 6,500 | 29,250 | 7,000 32, 000
a eh! bea aS 413 POA (| exes esi Wem A eS Pa eee ss eS 2,268 | 11,149 | 2,681 13, 420
1892. senses 750 Geral) Sartore! Soames eee es meres 3, 750 | 15, 937 4, 500 19, 687
Curry:
B89) a2 sec. 13, 360 80) 160) tS cae a2 3.) sestyneenel wee eer so ee cro 7, 836 | 34, 862 | 21,196 115, 022
LSO0 Bee a2 16, 125 DOC SOF acces Seer = | Sere estes = teres | 2,981 | 12,669 | 19,106 102, 958
1 USL) eerie rence | 17, 882 TOO T39OR sas hee oe setsa cl secaatere as Poet sarees | .2, 078 9, 641 | 19, 960 109, 780
1 ES es 9, 733 Geb Bete Ese eh Gonlbsseseae Vocratmapae 2, 267 9, 634 | 12, 000 64, 139
Douglas
tS Cf eae Paes | 3,870 20 S17 ilsc es sone Nac oheramrstal aocevesie = [cee tiae 7,630 | 34,335 | 11,500 54, 652
MROD Ee Seccsce 1, 500 1300} a).-2 5 ora.2% eRe sera ee eee oa ae 10, 780 | 43,120 | 12, 280 50, 620
Lane: |
TOSO-e -1-cint- 2, 406 HS OBA sieges oe all oe stints losteeeeisine macioe 8,783 | 44,788 | 11,189 58, 742
NOOO Sate 1, 530 BOSD ee eeom als weve a ake ell Seveetee oe oto etere 2,547 | 12,353 4, O77 20, 385
AC) Seas 710 SOT ae eacaleesie ee gal tears ec tee sareisise 1, 411 6, 878 2, 121 10, 605
5h} PAS en eeeee 1, 870 OST loses areal ee seem | eer ice eet 16, 420 | 73,433 | 18, 290 83, 250
Multnomah:
18895... - 4, 613 27, 678 5, 412 | .30, 020 911 BE. OBE eae occa|laccccdse 10, 936 61, 641
LCOS cerae 19, 912 115, 489 | 29, 795 |168, 872 GS4205 eas OOM ere eteree siete 56, 147 305, 121
MISO sie cnc es 9, 868 57, 234 5, 023 | 27, 626 BU RRP IE SSneeScllssenaccn 17, 979 97, 212
SO ees at 21, 292 123, 493 | 29, 169 |160, 429 | 18, 913 | 55, 652 |.--.----|..-..... 64, 374 339, 574
Tillamook
ic} Ue Sees ens 7, 000 SHG el eee mesa enacouclosencosallooccasss 3, 600 | 14,400 | 10, 600 45, 900
SOO es ase 4, 250 PAP EEE Sean eee coc apace ta lecscc es 12,000 | 48,000 | 16, 250 69, 250
TNS} i eget ea ee 4, 423 Py ALLS eeapreteiarses| | Sekar | areca beeossacl 2,100 | 8,400 6, 523 30, 515
B92) See A 4, 000 ZONOOO MS 52 2ao a || Roee een | oer e areca | 14,500 | 58,000 | 18, 500 78, 000
Wasco | | 4
188926855 52 3, 739 22, 434 7,329 | 42,141 450 2. 050i lens psere el aarerteee 11, 518 66, 625
SOO ere Sccnrereers 9, 691 55, 797 | 19, 884 | 84, 056 TODORIE 28 sO00 ee aoe erel see 36, 575 167, 833
1 Boi) Ta one 3, 238 17, 809 3, 626 | 19, 036 2464 LOVB84 as toe alla sole 9, 610 47, 729
rt SRS eee 8, 666 49,904 | 12,403 | 65,118 | 10,521 | 42, 084 4,176 | 20,880 | 35, 766 177, 986
otal:
PRBS aan! 176, 199 |1, 035, 168 | 15,979 | 90,628 | 11, 692 | 49, 899 3,509 |196, 984 |247, 379 | 1,372, 679
SOO ES sats ers. 222, 446 |1, 275, 898 | 53,351 |268, 104 | 26, 608 |106, 4382 | 22,858 | 92,677 \325, 263 | 1,743,111
7 Rott) Rey oy ati 250, 955 |1,429, 100 | 10,859 | 58,816 | 15,584 | 62,236 | 10,681 | 46,752 |288, 079 | 1,596, 904
1892.........|237, 684 |1, 364, 872 | 51, 106 |287,984 | 45, 403 |181, 612 | 60, 293 |250, 604 '394, 486 | 2, 085, 072
Quantity of salmon salted. Barrels salted.
ipeoweer and Chinook. Silver. Total. Chinook. Silver. Total
Lbs. |Value.! Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.| No. |Value.| No. |Value.| No. | Value
Benton:
TCH) ek ee Sel ete lvestopsiete 15, 000 $225 | 15, 000 $225 tlie lncee eel 50 $400 50 $400
Teoh? UL eho Eee el eee cl | 13, 200 132 | 13, 200 TBO Neee cel ieeeces 44 352 44 352
TIRE ASE A As Sees a cise Hot | 15, 000 175 | 15, 000 neh ees |S ens 50 400 50 400
Clatsop:
SSOP sce ee iach eel ems seer 30, 000 600 | 30, 000 GOO hc celecemes = 100 800 100 800
SOO Pm esatsereie 240, 000 $6,600 | 31, 500 315 |271, 500 | 6,915 | 800 |$7, 200 105 840 905 8, 040
AS ON eo aoe males ces wccsaoces s 28, 500 285 | 28,500 280 Wee ce ees 95 760 95 760
z TO P-ARSEB SNAG llesaoeeaa SeaeSee 30, 600 306 | 30, 600 B06 jects eee eee 102 816 102 816
urry:
I? Reeeosacc 12, 000 340 4, 500 $0 | 16, 500 430 40 360 15 120 55 480
ree Ce etiete corsa eterciaisl| siclecternu 16, 500 330 | 16,500 Sa0UPeeen Samael LOD 440 55 440
ane:
Th SSS peace Renee 85) acco ts 227, 400 | 4,684 |227, 400 | 4,684 |....-.|..-.-.- 758 | 6,064 758 6, 064
S90 Ss sce 7, 869 59 |118, 400 | 1,700 |121, 269 | 1, 759 26 208 | 378 | 3,000; 404 3, 208
) Dot Eanes tes ee 60, 300 452 {124,500 | 1,868 |184, 800 | 2,320 | 201 | 1,608 | 415 | 3,320 616 4, 928
MBO? Persie sani | 10, 200 127 | 48, 900 654 | 59,100 781 34 272 163 | 1,304 197 1, 576
‘Tillamook
NBROLe Baas ee tees Sccllaaseeere 33, 600 660 | 33, 600 6605 bee crilsee es = 112 896 | 112 896
SOO seem ele ciecictela ell mci otees 27, 900 418 | 27, 900 ALS la serie cami 93 745 93 745
(be OT ee nae. Boesen esl seabccs 31, 500 472 | 31,500 AT Dial mx cracls a sisteress + 105 840 105 810
Pip aoe aon eaAlpoescocollssadone ; 84,500 517 | 34, 500 LG |earatos| seieeta 115 920 115 920
Total:
MSSOPae sss 12, 000 340 |310, 500 | 6,259 |322,500 | 6, 599 40 360 1,035 | 8,280 /1, 075 8, 640
OUST eae eRe ae 247, 869 | 6,659 |172, 800 | 2, 433 |420, 669 | 9,092 | 826 | 7, 408 576 | 4,585 |1, 402 | 11, 993
TSS a7. 88 60, 300 452 |214, 200 | 3, 087 |274,500 | 3,539 | 201 | 1, 608 714 | 5,712 915 7, 320
1892 adios ayers 10, 200 127 |129, 000 } 1,652 |139, 200 | 1, 779 34 272 430 | 3,440 464 3, 712

ee eel

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

231

i
| Extent of salmon-canning industry of Oregon in 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892—Continued.

— -

| Total quantity of fresh salmon utilized.
oo. and Chinook. Blueback. Steelhead. Silver, Total. _
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. Value. | Pounds.| Value.| Pounds.|Value.| Pounds. | Value.
Benton
( BO es <ininra:s I AUN meses SSA |e oseterac ww ote or crwicim ial lalainia etStalelltejclamimiele 324,260 | $4,864 645,000 | $8, 713
MeetGOl......... TOROCON aetrOS Diese ses (Bese sett. che eae Cea 69,000} 690| 262,000) 2, 620
St ae 224,000 AGU ON Wem aricrevcis|apetaicis chats |[eleacs wietctarilinate aicta o 29,000 855 253,000) 2,955
, Clatsop ;
fie 880... ---- =- 8,866,085 | 430,614 | 213,378 | $10,669 | 681,846 $20,455 | 361,940] 8,697 |10,123.249 470, 435
ON) oe 11,538,416 | 348,837 | 242,352 4,847 | 869,088 | 8,691 | 404,390} 5,974 |13,054,246 368, 349
qigol........- 13,974,042 | 555,874 | 145,860| 2,917| 802,164 | 10,428) 170,180] 1,702 |15,092,246 570, 921
eee is 2/s(= 12,328,418 | 483,635 | 629,244) 14,169 1,383,954 | 22,143 | 604,600] 6,046 |14,946,216 525, 993
, Coos:
f UGE )S eee 32,500 487 See Benen Peennnnn ns Peenene 455,000} 9,100 487,500 | 9, 587
; BG ccc enc. 29,100 BAD! eras relcps eabislleraiapers ohn all ere eiaclers ayeillanc.a carats 158,770 | 2,381 187,870} 2,701
52,500 oy AEN REG be ei ys 6 he Berea eee 262,500] 4,037] 315,000] 4,873
¢ Curry:
ASSO sce ce noee BSS OM | LOSO2M WEE elect cine leriamscinclbeeelteras a[neaiccos 513,983 | 10,280 | 1,397,740 | 36, 307
i TIEN Cay GRE Us mc a et (ee 193,533 | 3,871 | 1,241,560] 35, 312
OTe {5.222 ATOM TES IEE Sy ill Een © Degen Ml CER Sta 151,587 | 3,032| 1,313,700] 37, 902
ie BDO G5 7a em TOOT (Coe tects cena renter ae OMe we 147,323] 2,946] 779,960) 20, 453
{
270,900 534,100! 10,682} 805,000! 16, 100
105,000 754,600 | 11,314 859,600 | 12, 626
168,420 842,210 | 21,054 | 1,010,630! 24, 422
114,969 291,621] 4,375 406,590 | 5,237
110,000 293.270| 3,350] 333,270! 4,175
141,100 1,198,300 | 17,794 | 1,339,400| 19,557
322,475 | 12,899| 359,860] 14,395 62) 240) ip 2499) 2 eae cl oeces = 744,575 | 29, 793
1,393,815 | 41,814 |2,084,645 | 62,499 | 345,350 | 10,360 |.......-./.------ 3,823,810 |114, 673
677,234 | 20,316) 831,855 94955.) /216:060,)| (67482 |. Sees seals 8 = 1,225,149 | 36, 753
1,318,300 | 39,400 |2,079,855| 60,639 | 960,370 | 28,911 ).........[....... 4,353,525 |128, 950
OOOO MTeSA Ose aaeion |e ee eae cael. tau ee 285,600 | 5,700] 775,600) 13,540
297,500 EONS Eade wetalle te o tarwte [ete aeloe ase laaeemes 867,900 | 13,018 | 1,165,400) 15, 993
309,610 OAD wero nce dle ee arcane ma tine openers 178,500 | 2,677 488,110} 6,392
280,000 HOON eines Sete retell larevepeievaciallle ore etek eal] 's meme ee 1,049,500 | 15,742 | 1,329,500} 19, 102
261,732 8,179 | 488,082] 14,641 31,500 GSN rarer ecarereal| mercies 781,264 | 23, 451
670,871 | 20,126 |1,391,880| 41,756] 490,000| 9,318].........|.------ 2,552,751 | 71, 200
226, 660 6,800 | 253,820 WeOLS) Wt OaraeO) paved. [teen meres oe oe cle 672,700 | 18, 739
549,120} 16,443| 768,210) 23,045) 704,195| 13,536| 374,185 | 7,484 | 2,395,710) 60, 508
ce 11,616,609 | 498,681 |1,061,270 | 39,705 | 775,586 | 23,585 |3,317,093 | 70,377 |16,770,558 |632, 348
PODS om cree cinta /15,063,598 | 446,055 |3,718,877 | 109,102 |1,704,488 | 28,369 |1,757,444 | 27,238 |22,244, 357 |610, 764
Uh '16,681,759 | 624,650 | 731,535 | 20,487 |1.210,444 | 21,234] 951,307 | 13,832 |19,575,045 |680, 203
hia 15,626,075 | 566,856 |3,477,309 | 97,853 |3,048,519 | 64,590 |4,420,008 | 65,718 |26,571,911 |795, 017

CURRY COUNTY.

The fisheries of this, the most southern county of the State, continue
to be confined to the taking of salmon, although other anadromous
species are, in their season, found entering some of the rivers, while
numerous other fish are found in the ocean just outside the mouths of
the streams. The five rivers of the county in which commercial fishing
is prosecuted (Rogue, Windchuck, Chetco, Sikhs, and Elk) have been
described in a former report. The Sikhs and Elk are of little impor-
tance as fishing streams except to the ranchers living near them.
Rogue kiver.—This, next to the Columbia, is the largest and longest
coast river in Oregon. It has spring and fall runs of chinook salmon,
and its fisheries continue of great importance. The catch of salmon
shows considerable fluctuation, which is, in a measure, dependent on
the amount of artificial propagation carried on at the private hatchery
onthe river. The marked decrease in the yield in 1892 was thought

232 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

to be due to some unknown natural causes. The catch represents

about the productive capacity of the river and, as it is all used for can-
ning, a statement of the salmon pack will show the abundance of the

fish. The number of canned salmon prepared on the river in each of

the ten years ending in 1892 was as follows:

A |
Years. Cases Years. Cases.

|
NBS 3 oa 2u cased ateemcisine Ae sey esc eeleectoee 16, 156 | S88 soo heretic oe oceans = te ee ae eee ere 21, 062
TU F2y. Beane ae mn SC ar Ea = CO ote era Rest id TOO LO Ml OBO) S ciston cist See ine oan eee eee oes 20, 296
SSOY soc Stee eats oe ee ee ene ee DeS0 4] UBIO! - cece, orwe wereecmem tem ooo emaee eee 19, 104
URBGRe ce me Aenean Ode set eee tates AZ AT, || MESO Nain Sore oie severe damise net re meee eee 19, 960
TEST mat eee ws Shee co kcicds weenie eaten. 17, ar B92. Saiacisicc ceramic a acecn meres ae wide eee 12, 000

Salmon fishing on the Rogue River is limited by State law; the open
season is from April 1 to November 15. By far the largest part of the
catch is made during what is known as the spring run, between April
i and June 30. Thesummer catch is taken between July 1 and August
30, and the fall catch represents the remainder of the open season.

Windchuck River.—A few salmon run up this small stream in spring,
but the supply is too limited to warrant special operations, and the only
fishing is done in September and October, when the regular run is in
progress. Two haul seines are here used, and the catch is salted or
sold fresh. The catch in the four years ending 1892 was as follows:

Years. Salted. Fresh. Total.

Pounds. | Pounds. | Pounds.

BBO erat atatslebtare ls « aie larklais ojala agalesafavatels a] o{efaletalatalb btevara miays's ls pietalevetele elbhne here ay ola ey Wea O WOW ese Seen e 16,000
SOO ere eran cinrtciate ace ee a Seo Bee ietacielatala tate = Sete fo iate ele atetet ee ee iete | 10, 000 85, 000 95, 000
NCO ee eae ata tsa ac cataain's « piaaeae wid seein aie HOSES Be eee ele | mea eayas cele | 10, 000 75, 000 85, 000
SS Ape = roles charred: oletala che an Hosa bie oft tela\e tee ery ees ees ote oe doceascc 30; 0002 0 = 2 coca 30, 000

The fish sold fresh were sent to a salmon cannery on Smith River,
California. In 1889 and 1892, when that cannery was idle, the catch was
much reduced and had to be salted owing to lack of a market and
absence of facilities for shipping. The few fishermen living on this
small but beautiful stream take much interest in the fisheries, and in
their primitive way have made some attempts at propagating salmon.

Chetko River.—This small stream has its mouth near the State line

of California and Oregon. Twelve fishermen, using two haul seines,-

represent the full extent of the fisheries. In September chinook
Salmon are taken, and in October the run consists mostly of silver
salmon. When the cannery on Smith River is open, most of the catch
finds-a market there, otherwise it must be salted. The quantity of the
catch in 1889 to 1892, inclusive, was as follows:

Years. Salted. Fresh. Yotal.

Pounds. | Pounds. | Pounds.
73, 000 33, 000 103, 000
10, 000 108, 000 118, 000
30, 000 93, 000 123, 000
5670009) ='2 2 tases

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 233

Sikhs River.—This river is of some importance to the ranchers living
near by, who depend on it for their supply of fish food, and some years
a small quantity of fish is salted for market. In 1888, 20,000 pounds
of fresh salmon were sold to a cannery on Coquille River, and in 1889
60,000 pounds to a cannery on Elk River. In 1891-92 no fish were
taken except those consumed locally by ranchers. The output of this
stream in recent years has been as follows: ;

Years. | Salted. Fresh. Total.

| Pounds. Pounds. | Pounds.

PRP ett |= tact ore lors eya a nyate mice nhslce iw mle cera ete afaik ote nie) dato ales =fm)=m= =) olsini mmm a0e |S) c= =~ | 1 45;'000))/2=2 (oss 45, 000
SERVERS OSS Seo peace Obes Gr GU ae Un OER DUG COE NEG Scao Sra rearc mee neiaer 12, 000 20, 000 32, 000
LIMBS: bo te giided oc ae pepeeie Gadouaper | DRESS once naespec cee tac pasrrn Sor 20, 000 60, 000 80, 000

ISU ngs GntGac daacddascohr AUD TS SOBD Octet OCOrEe BOne GREE Reem pn ten ase Sct () GURUWO pease = 30, 000

Elk River.—For a short time each year this stream is fished by a few
ranchers living near its mouth. The river has only a small run of sal-
mon, and is so inconveniently situated that its fisheries will probably
never have very much importance. In recent years the catch of the
ranchers has amounted to only about 50 barrels of salt fish. In 1889 a
cannery was established in connection with a steam sawmill at the
mouth of the river. Some 900 cases of salmon were canned, but the
business proved unsatisfactory and was not resumed. The output of
the Elk River since 1887 has been as follows:

Years. _ Salted. Fresh. | Canned.| Total.

| Pounds. | Pounds.| Pounds. | Pounds.

UTR See sisctesid ASS ORRes eDOeeOnen CeB oe Daodee so SeuO Ee eao ae caeaine |) SEGUE Peep oe oelleeesigsgs5- 45, 000
RODE eae eis ia te ey eo eeinte = minrctielasn.oleicleielalale a/airie oreo e's Pats iaba = 12, 000 PAU) | oie 35) oc 32, 000
Lil bSehesog AGB a Ss opr Reps bo Senge ese oeeerasocp ence Sadarmass | 15, 000 20, 000 58, 500 93, 000
eg ea eee Sears -batacan keene aeee se eb enim aa etnies ale at's ate iD COO agent fs |aotaaes eee 15, 000
Ligh edie uSbthe GEC eee BEDE One Bc SCOR DOE eeoP One San coco teddane |e As COE CS Gone eBblResossosas 15, 000

Sea-otter hunting.—In 1891 the high price of sea-otter pelts led to
the formation of two bands of hunters in Curry County. Twelve men,
armed with rifles and using two sail and three row boats, skirted the
coast from Cape Blanco to Rogue River, weather permitting, during
March and April and August and September. At night the men camp
at some desirable point. Some of their camping stations are located
near high bluffs that have a fringe of timber along the ridge overlook-
ing the sea. Such a spot near the feeding-grounds of the otter is a
favorite place for a camp, for in the branches of some tall pine the
hunter has his lookout station. A few boughs are chopped off and
made into a comfortable resting-place up among the branches, and here
one of the hunters will lie for hours, concealed by the thick foliage
from view of shore or sea animal. His lofty location gives him an
uninterrupted sea view for miles. His boat is close at hand. In case
an otter shows up within range of a rifle, it is shot, and the hunter or

>

234 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

one of his companions in hiding is quickly in the boat and going for
the game. While some of the men are thus engaged, others may be
miles away sailing along the coast with a sharp lookout for otters.

The number of otters killed is small, but they are of large size and
have very fine fur, the pelts bringing from $150 to $200 each, and in
some cases much more. During 1891, 20 otters were secured, and in
one week in September, 1892, when the writer visited one of these
unique tree-top stations, 8 otters were killed, the total catch for the
year being 13, valued at $133 each. In 1893 the number taken was 17,
haying an average value of $157.

COOS COUNTY.

When contrasted with the last investigation, the fisheries of this
county present few new features. Coquille River and Coos River and
Bay are the fishing-grounds. The only catch of the rivers is salmon.
A little.more attention is given to the bay fisheries near Bandon and
Empire City, where some halibut, perch, and cultus-cod are taken;
these fish, with flounders and other varieties of salt-water fish, are
found abundantly, but the demand is limited to local use and only
small quantities are taken.

Coquille River.——Owing to a number of causes the fisheries of the
Coquille have not been up to the average during the past few years.
Only one cannery was packing during 1889, 1891, and 1892, and none
during 1890. The run of fish was good in 1889, and the single cannery
in operation packed 9,115 cases, of which one-sixth were chinook and
five-sixths silver salmon; 50 barrels were also salted. The fishermen
received 50 cents each for chinook and 50 cents each for silver salmon.
Prices of canned salmon were low during the fall and winter, and gave
little encouragement to canners; in consequence, during 1890, for the
first season in a number of years, no salmon were canned on the river.
A light catch was made and 200 barrels were salted. In 1891 the one
cannery once more packed, but the run was light and only 2,684 cases
were canned and 150 barrels salted, the fishermen receiving 25 cents
each for chinook and 15 cents for silver salmon. In 1892 salmon were
very abundant, more so than for a number of years. The run of the
previous year having been so light, a large run was not expected and
preparations had only been made for a small pack. The result of the
year’s work was 4,500 cases. On account of a scarcity of cans the sur-
plus catch was salted, and 650 barrels were thus prepared. The fisher-
men received 35 cents each for chinook and 20 cents for silver salmon,
the catch consisting of one-eighth chinook and seven-eighths silver
salmon. <A few fishermen of Bandon, near the mouth of the river, fished
outside with hook and line, their catch in 1892 being 10,250 pounds of
halibut, 9,112 pounds of cultus-cod, and 36,010 pounds of rockfish.

Coos River and Bay.—The one salmon cannery at Empire City being
idle in 1890, 1891, and 1892, the fisheries were not given so much
attention aS in past years.. The salmon catch had to be salted, and

ati

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 235

amounted to 900, 800, and 1,400 barrels, respectively, in the years
named. A few fishermen fished outside the bay for salt-water fish that
they disposed of locally, their catch being 17,000 pounds of cultus-cod,
7,000 pounds of halibut, and 48,000 pounds of rockfish, all taken with
hand lines. In addition to the above, the fisheries of Coos Bay and
River produced 50,000 pounds of salmon that were sold fresh for local
use or shipped to San Francisco.

DOUGLAS COUNTY (UMPQUAH RIVER).

The fishing business of Douglas County is confined to the Umpquah
River, and the catch consists only of salmon. Numerous other fish,
however, come in from the ocean, among which are herring, sardines,
smelt, and just outside the mouth of the river are halibut, cultus-cod,
flounders, and rockfish. The section is remote from railroad or steam-
boat lines, and no attention is given to any fish except salmon, the
catch of which is utilized at a cannery at Gardner. In 1889 a good run
of salmon entered the Umpquah River. The fishermen disposed of
their entire catch at the cannery at Gardner, near the mouth of the
river, receiving 45 cents each for chinook salmon and 25 cents each for
silver salmon. The cannery packed 11,500 cases. From some unknown
cause very few salmon entered the river in 1890 or 1891, during which
years the cannery remained closed. Only enough fish to supply the
local demand were taken, the catch being 20,000 pounds in 1890 and
22,000 pounds in 1891. During 1892 salmon entered the river in great
abundance, and the run in September was very heavy. The pack was
only limited by the number of cans on hand and could have been
doubled with proper facilities. As it was, 12,280 cases were packed.
The fishermen received 25 cents each for chinook and 15 cents each for
silver salmon, the latter constituting the bulk of the catch. No salmon
was salted during the years mentioned.

LANE COUNTY (SIUSLAW RIVER).

The fisheries of Lane County are confined to the Siuslaw River and
the catch consists only of salmon for canning purposes. This river is
the dividing line between Lane and Douglas counties. One cannery,
located at Florence, near the mouth of the river, was in operation in
1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892; one other cannery, 2 miles above, was idle
during the first three years mentioned, but was run in 1892. The
salmon pack during these years was 11,189 cases in 1839; 4,077 cases
in 1890; 2,121 cases in 1891, and 18,290 cases in 1892.

It will be noticed by the amount packed that the run of fish is
uncertain. In common with the other rivers of this State, salmon were
very abundant during the fall of 1889, but only a few entered the
stream in 1890 and 1891. In the fall of 1892 the run was again heavy
and the fish were of good size and quality. The catch in 1892 amounted
to 6,018 chinook salmon and 103,410 silver salmon, the average gross

:

236 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

weight of the former being 20 pounds, and of the latter 10? pounds.
In addition to the quantity canned in 1892, 34 barrels of chinook and
163 barrels of silver salmon were salted. The salmon are mostly caught
with gill nets, only one haul seine being used. The fishermen comprise
various nationalities, one-third of them being native-born, one-half
Europeans, and twelve Indians. The cannery employees are Chinese,
with the exception of a few Indian women.

This stream has no spring run of salmon. The first fish to enter the
river are the chinooks, which arrive about the middle of July; most of
the run of this species is in the river by the middle of September, a
few also being found up to October 1. Silver salmon first enter the

river about the time the run of the chinooks is dropping off, or from

the first to the middle of September. In 1892 the first silver salmon
were taken September 16. A good run at that time was followed the
first week in October by a very large body of fish. When the river was
visited by the writer on October 5 silver salmon were very abundant.

Large and small sardines are very abundant between June and Sep-
tember, and other varieties of good food-fish are found in the river at
certain seasons, and at all times just outside of the river. From its
isolated location, with indirect transportation facilities, no attention is
paid to any branch of the fisheries except the salmon.

BENTON COUNTY.

This comparatively small county has two rivers whose fisheries are
of considerable prominence, namely, the Alseva and the Yaquina.
Each of these near its mouth expands into a long, narrow bay, which
takes the name of its respective river. Outside the rivers the fisheries
are of no importance, although there is an abundance of salt-water fish
ou the outlying banks in the near vicinity.

Alseya River.—The run of salmon on this stream was quite large in
1889, and 9,000 cases and 50 barrels were packed at the only cannery
in operation. Prices of canned salmon ruled low, and on that account
and the poor prospects for satisfactory results the cannery was idle
during the following year. Fish were scarce in 1890; the cannery was
closed, and besides a few salmon taken for local use only 50 barrels
were salted and 6,000 pounds shipped fresh to Portland. In 1891 the
fisb were not abundant, and only 3,500 cases were canned, 50 barrels
salted, and 16,000 pounds shipped away fresh. In 1892 a very large
run of salmon entered the river for the first time in three years. The
canners, not looking for the great increase, were prepared for only a
light catch, and were obliged to close down early in the season as soon
as all the cans had been filled. At the time the river was visited by
the writer, on October 8, 1892, it was full of salmon, but no fishing was
carried on. With only a limited number of cans to fill and a large
run of fish to draw from, the fish packed consisted almost entirely of
chinooks, although, as in the other coast rivers, silver salmon com-
prised fully three-fourths of the run.

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 237

Yaquina River.—Since the closing of the small canneries located on
this stream in 1889 the fishing business has greatly decreased. A few
barrels of salmon are annually packed for their own use by the ranchers
living near by, and about 100,000 pounds are shipped fresh to Port-
land, Salem, and Albany. In the fall of 1892 one man from Oak-
land, Cal., was engaged in salting salmon. At the time the river was
visited by the writer a few hundred barrels had been salted. The fish
are mostly silver saimon, averaging 12 pounds each. The fishermen
receive only 8 cents apiece for them.

The shipments of fresh salmon from the Yaquina River to Portland
and other places in Oregon are quite large, and during the years 1889-
1892 were as follows:

Years. Pounds. | Value.
SEES tata Ae aac ine kintamints reo octok atch & ERs cits Onis ae Sees Gate es chee eels 208, 137 $4, 163
DRY Ws sano DESEO DONEC De OS DEGREE DO BIOGOHE ORDO 00 SOC ROR Ee Cee Oe Don Rae ae aac meme | 118, 060 2, 361
Riis ool DES SES YS See oe eee ae Se et ee pee en ee eee eee Re ee ee 102, 742 2, 055
SSS dare ae tT mies ovate mim alain "elm eiicsoic] ar <tcyefeisiere avalets oxetate alec Pipes eyere.c 4 v.ciauecimtelbim aieicnwio ici yee | 125, 000 2,500

The Yaquina is noticeable as being the only river on the Pacific Coast
in which any considerable quantities of oysters are found. The oysters
are natives, having the small size and peculiar flavor of those taken in
Willapa Bay and Puget Sound. The quantity of oysters marketed,
prices received, and persons employed in the business, etc., show few
changes since the last inquiry, although the oystermen report that at
present they can not tong and cull more than 2 or 3 bushels a day as
against 5 or 6 bushels in past years. By State law the native oyster
beds are apportioned out to citizens desiring to work them. No one is
permitted to have over 2 acres. The aggregate acreage is small and
the available land is all taken up. Oysters are tonged in water 12 to
15 feet deep at low tide. The tongs have handles 15 to 18 feet long,
some being 26 feet long.

The price commanded by the oysters remains about the same from
year to year, $2.50 a sack when shipped away, or $3 a sack for local use
being the ruling prices. A sack weighs 105 pounds, and is known as 2
bushels, but is somewhat short of that amount.

The oyster output of the Yaquina River from 1889 to 1892, inclusive,
was as follows:

Years. | Sacks. | Value.
adds ote UA AU MRCRE SY Ts Sa Me hile nat mee Be Oe 1,250 | $3, 125
Ried Omer eee eis ete ec civics we RE Se sth atlas Cacte Semen clas Guicioe kins werasiace f 1,103 2, 758
AB sche bee Be SPS TE BS 7 5S 9 ill ne ts Ale SM a OT a 1217} 3/043
UUM) aes SE eeDADOCCE CEE OSCe, SACRE OG SEO Heme oe cee Se Se ine aes AM Bee 1,225 3, 062

Crabs enter the river in considerable quantities. They are picked
from the salmon nets and are gathered by the oystermen. The catch,
which is small, is mostly shipped to Albany, Salem, and Portland.

238 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

The yearly shipments have been as follows:

|
ABEQ se cass wos dig oa 35s weld ice ace = ESE S eee R Oe ae Soe Gee REE oe eee eee eeeeeeee 6, 628 $265
TEGO. EO hee sk ER en ec ceo SURE 5 SERRE Bn es See ee ee 4, 200 168
ABU eho Orewa ened Sus 8 ge RCRA oe Be Oe aR ee es ee ae eee 3, 521 141
TROON Ss AE eR ON Pee rs CECE nee eee en cee ee Soe ee eee oe 4, 125 165

TILLAMOOK COUNTY.

This county has a frontage of over 50 miles on the Pacific Ocean and
is traversed by a number of rivers, chief among which are the NSiletz,
Nestuggah, Tillamook, and Nehalem, the latter forming the boundary
between Tillamook and Clatsop counties. The Nestuggah and Tillamook
rivers empty into bays of the same name. The fisheries of the county
are restricted to the capture of salinon, which enter the rivers in large
quantities during the fall months. The relative abundance of chinook
salmon in the streams of this county is greater than farther south.
Some seasons the catch of chinooks will be fully equal in weight to that
of silver salmon; at other times, as in the year 1892, the catch is often
three-fourths silver salmon. Both fish run in greatest abundance about
the same time, although the chinooks are the first to arrive, during
August, while the silver salmon come in September. The movement
of both species is over in November, when the fishing operations cease.
A few fish continue to enter the river in the winter, in company with
very large numbers of steelheads, but no attention is paid to them.

The entire salmon catch of Tillamook River is utilized at a cannery
located near the mouth of that stream. The number of cases packed
during each of the four years 1889 to 1892 were as follows:

Species. 1889. | 1890. | 1891. | 1892.
Be eae | | Fé
Cases. | Cases. Cases. Oases.
Ghinovoksalmomn: j2se6.6 DasGks Joee eRe as Se eee tec tees 7, 000 4, 250 4, 423 4, 000
Siliverssalmoee eye es tel Poe elo ela ae eit ace etc toe aeatoae eee 3,600 | 12, 000 | 2, 100 14, 500
otal: esa .hascse, ft ROE eee Ce ae Ee FRAG Gree eee PSD 10, 600 | 16, 250 | 6, 523 18, 500

The Siletz River flows through an Indian reservation and the entire
catch is obtained by Indians, who cure the fish for winter use. The
annual quantity of salmon thus prepared is about 60,000 pounds.

CLATSOP COUNTY (NEHALEM RIVER).

The fisheries of the ocean side of this county are carried on only
in the Nehalem River. Those in the Columbia River will be included
in the general remarks on that river which follow. The Nehalem is a
small stream rising in the Coast Range, in Clatsop County, and flowing
southwesterly to the Pacific, which it enters at the southern end of
the county, whose boundary it forms. Its fisheries, which are of some
importance, are carried on in the fall, when there is a run of chinook
and silver salmon in the river. With the exception of a few salmon

: :

salted, the entire catch is utilized at the cannery located on the river.
Fishing is done by 44 Indian, Russian, and Austrian fishermen, using
gill nets. The chinooks taken average about 20 pounds in weight,
being somewhat lighter than those of the Columbia; the silver salmon
average 10 pounds. The abundance of salmon varies a great deal
from year to year; in 1891 the fish were very scarce, while in 1892 the
run of silver salmon was phenomenally large; chinooks were less
numerous in 1891 and 1892 than during the two preceding years. The
catch of each kind of salmon during the four years named was as follows,
the figures representing the number of fish taken:

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 239

Chinook | Silver
Years. salmon. | salmon. Total.
Ses eee erent onic = cleies aia stato winins clos aoe wisinia ers oe nisi esi a se wiatae wine Saisie 13, 093 29,194 | 42,287
PSOE Getic scecisiccseh sates celeacscce sce ki ece cle cic eboacwateea cukuohecucecmecet 14, 445 33,439 | 47, 884
Se eta esa oe c= Satis eee icles Gini = a= Saino ais AES owns See ceee mens aie Soe iate 6, 174 17,168 | 23,342
BU eee em oars cao des abacus ceacs bee ceaccun seme sass ccatdosmestecectak 7, 000 57,400 | 64,400

The quantity and value of the salmon packed and salted in the same
years are given in the following table:

Salmon canned.
~ Salmon salted.

=a . - Total
Years. Chinook. Silver. Total. value.

Cases.| Value. | Cases.| Value. | Cases.| Value. |Bazrels.| Value.

URLs Sse seers 3,740 | $16,830 | 3,742 | $14,968 | 7,482 | $31,798 100 $800 $32, 598
USE gece Seen sets 4,127 17,539 | 4,327 15,144 | 8, 454 32, 683 105 840 33, 523
ROOM toa Binnie st, 1, 764 7,056 | 2,024 7,084 | 3,788 14, 140 100 800 14, 940
IGEN S Sas = 3 S556 2, 000 9,000 | 8, 200 32, 800 | 10, 200 41, 800 102 816 42, 616

THE COLUMBIA RIVER.

The fisheries of this river are more extensive than those of any other
stream in the United States, and the canning industry dependent
thereon is more important than any other similar business connected
with the fisheries. The annual output of fish in the Columbia River is
greater than from any other river in the country, and no other stream
has in the aggregate yielded such large quantities of fish.

The importance of the fishing industry of this river and the increased
attention now being given to its condition warrant and make desirable
the consideration of the stream as a unit, regardless of the separate
interests of the two States whose boundary it forms and whose fisheries
are given in detail, by counties, in the tables elsewhere presented.

Reference is seldom made to the fisheries of Washington and Oregon
in which the Columbia is not mentioned, although the fishing industry
comprises but one of the many branches of commerce connected with
this important stream. In the previous report of this Commission on
the fisheries of the west coast, the history and methods of the fisheries
of the Columbia were discussed at considerable length. It only remains
at this time to record such changes as have taken place in the industry
during the past three or four years. In the investigation on which this

i

240 REPORT or! COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

report is based it was feasible to visit only that part of the Columbia
basin within the States of Washington and Oregon. For hundreds of
miles east and northeast of that section, however, salmon and other
fish in more or less abundance are found, the catch being mostly utilized
by ranchers and Indians living near the stream.

The following counties of Washington and Oregon, bordering on the
Columbia River and its tributaries, maintain commercial fisheries, the
full extent of which is exhibited in the tables elsewhere presented:

Oregon: Clatsop, Columbia, Multnomah, and Wasco counties.

Washington: Pacific, Wahkiakum, Cowlitz, Clarke, Skamania, and
Klickitat counties.

Clatsop and Pacifie counties, which are at the mouth of Columbia
River, have fishing interests on their ocean sides as well as in the river.

Through the courtesy of the numerous firms engaged in the fishing
business of the river, the agent was able to obtain from their well-kept
records detailed statistics showing the results of the fishery and can-
ning industry of the river in a more comprehensive, useful, and reliable
form than have heretofore been obtained.

THE SALMON INDUSTRY.»

This branch of the fisheries completely overshadows all others, and
is the only one entitled to mention with the exception of the sturgeon
fishery, which is of recent development.

In the early years of the salmon-packing business on the Columbia

chinook salinon were extremely abundant, comprising the bulk of the ©

run and all of the pack; other varieties were unutilized. With the
beginning of a decrease in the abundance of chinook salmon the small
blueback salmon was brought more into notice. When the run of
chinooks began to fail some of the packers made cautious experimental
packs of small quantities of bluebacks to help out their annual pack,
although few were willing to concede the advisability of utilizing any
fish except chinooks. The bright red color and fine flavor of the
bluebacks at once gave the fish a firm hold on the trade and resulted in
an active demand, which has continued to the present time. Singular
as it may seem, the utilization of the bluebacks and the increasing
quantities consumed annually have been attended by an apparent
increase in the abundance of the fish.

The accompanying figures will show that while the blueback is found
in the Columbia River every year it has of late had its years of abun-
dance and scarcity, thus resembling in its migrations the humpback
salmon of Puget Sound. For the past six or eight seasons the even
years have witnessed the larger run of bluebacks. Up to a compara-
tively recent date the steelhead, which has always occurred abundantly
in the Columbia, was considered wholly unsuitable for packing. The
same cause, however, which brought the blueback into use has led
to the utilization of the steelhead. Recently the demand tor canned

' PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 241
‘salmon in certain sections of the country has called for a cheaper grade
of fish, which has brought the neglected steelhead into prominence.
The silver salmon, which does not enter the river until most of the
canneries are closed, has also been canned in some quantities, and
both it and the steelhead have met with a ready sale that has yearly
shown tendencies to greatly increase.

Fishermen, prices, etc.—Under the laws of Oregon and Washington
all fishermen must be naturalized citizens of the United States. Ref-
erence to the previous. report on the fisheries of this river will show
that in 1888 a very large proportion of the fishermen, especially those
employed in the gill-net fishery, were aliens. The law is said to be
very fully complied with, and the men now profess to be citizens and
voters. They represent many nationalities.

The gill-net fishermen belong chiefly to the Latin races. They are

united under the name of the Columbia River Fishermen’s Protective
Union, with headquarters at Astoria, Oreg.. The pound-net fishermen
are mostly native-born Americans or Scandinavians. These have
combined for mutual protection under the name of the Washington
Fishermen’s Association, with headquarters at Ilwaco, Pacifie County,
Wash., near which place most of the pound nets employed in the
Columbia River are located. These two associations are to some extent
antagonistic. Each legislature usually finds representatives from both
associations advocating their claims and portraying their supposed
grievances. The object of the association of pound-net fishermen is -
said to be:
_ To promote and foster the fishing industry of the State of Washington; to assist
in building and maintaining fish-hatcheries; to induce legislation, by petition or
other lawful means, to protect the industry and those engaged in it; to extend to
its members aid and assistance, pecuniary or otherwise, when necessary.

By an agreement between the canners and fishermen, the price to be
paid for the catch during the ensuing year is usually agreed upon
before the beginning of fishing operations. The failure to agree on a
price in 1890 resulted in a strike that was disastrous to the fishermen.
For several years prior to 1890 the men had been receiving $1 each
for chinook salmon, which comprised nearly all of the gill-net catch.
The men demanded $1.25 each for their fish, which, being refused, a
general strike was begun which lasted throughout the month of April.
After losing one month of the short salmon season, the men agreed to
the price first offered, but refused to-contract at that price for the entire
Season. One dollar per fish was paid up to June 1, after which the
canners would give only 75 cents for chinooks. The most serious out-
come of the strike was the attempt of the association fishermen to
destroy the nets of a few non-union men. A large body of fishermen
belonging to the gill-net association embarked in their boats at Astoria
and proceeded several niles up the river, where the nets of the non-
union men were set. On beginning their work of destruction, they
‘were met with a volley of rifle balls from the fishermen on the shore,

F. R. 93——16 .

242 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES,

and the attacking party hastily withdrew to Astoria, leaving several
of their number killed and wounded. No further attempt was made
to interfere with the non-union fishermen.

The fishing apparatus and methods.—The various appliances employed
in the Columbia River for the catching of fish and the manner of
operating the same present few changes as compared with the previous

investigation. No new method of capture has been devised, although —

there has been a very marked increase in the number of traps, wheels,
nets, etc., operated.

Gill- meh fishing is by far the most important branch of the salmon
fishery of the Columbia River. More money is invested in the fishery
than in any other, and larger quantities of fish are thus taken than by
any other means. The number of men interested also outnumbers
those employed in all other branches of the salmon fishery. The
fishing-grounds covered by the fleet of gill-net boats are mostly near
Astoria, extending about.10 miles above that place, and the same

|
|

|

distanee below. Several hundred boats cruise upstream and as many ©

more descend the river.

The boats are mostly owned by the salmon-packers, but the nets are
made and owned by the fishermen. Before the opening of the fishing
season the men contract with the canners, who have supplied their
boats, for the entire catch during the year. Fishing is done more or
less during the entire twenty-four hours. The best hauls, however, are

‘usually made at night, at which time the fish are less able to see and
avoid the drifting net.

The boats drift up and down stream with the tide. If the morning
finds a fisherman near the cannery at which he has contracted to
deliver his catch, he lands his fish there; if he has drifted to the mouth
of the river, his fish are delivered on board a receiving scow of the
cannery with which he is connected, an agent on board receipting for
the fish, which later in the day are collected by a steam tug and taken
tothecannery. The work of the night being over and the fish delivered,
the fisherman prepares his breakfast and rests during the time inter-
vening between the tides. His boat is sailed to a quiet spot out of the
channel, the anchor is dropped, the sail taken in, and his simple meal
cooked over a small oil stove. The rudder is then unshipped and stood
up on deck at the stern, the mast is taken down, the sail removed, and
the mast is placed lengthwise the boat, one end resting in the bow, the
other end on the top of the unshipped rudder, forming a ridgepole for
the extemporized tent formed by the sail. Often several hundred boats
may be found within a small area, each containing the sleeping fisher-
man and his assistant.

While chinook salmon constitute the great bulk of the gill-net catch,
the quantity of other fish thus taken is considerable and is increasing
yearly. With the demand for cheaper grades of salmon the size of the
mesh of the gill nets has been reduced.

PLATE 6.

(To face page 243.)

sheries.

Pacific Coast Fi

1893.

a Sp Rat

Report U

‘dSAIY VISWNI109

‘TSBSHM HSIS AYVNOILVIS

a

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 243

_Seines are used at Sand Island, near the mouth of the river, and on
the sand bars to a distance of 15 to 30 miles above the ocean. These
bars as a rule are dry at low tide, at which time the seines are hauled.
Up to a comparatively recent time the bars in the Columbia River were
‘owned by the State and their fishing privileges were free. As they
became valuable for seine fishing, and had no other use, private parties
had them surveyed and bought them from the State at a low price. A
title deed having been secured, the value of these bars at once increased
from a few dollars to many thousands. The desirable seining-grounds
are limited and have fallen into the hands of a few persons, which fact
accounts for the relatively small number of seines used, and this form
of apparatus is the only one which does not show an increase in recent
years.

Fish-wheels are the most interesting form of apparatus used in the
Columbia River. Their origin is comparatively recent, and the con-
struction and method of operation are entirely different from any other
appliances used for the capture of fish. Owing to their supposed very
destructive powers they have been the subject of much antagonism on
the part of the general public and the fishermen using other forms of
apparatus. Since the first introduction of fish-wheels their number and
use have steadily grown, and in 1892 more were employed than at any
previous time. As compared with the number of gill nets and pound
nets used the number of wheels is very small and has probably nearly
reached its limit, as their use is confined to a few desirable places bor-
dering the rapids of the Columbia River at the Cascades and The Dalies,
and the favorable sites have passed into the hands of a few persons.

Pound nets are extensively employed in the lower Columbia, the
largest number being set in Baker Bay near the mouth of the river.
The nets are usually owned by the canners. Between 1889 and 1892
the increase in the number of these nets on the Colunabia was 133 per
cent. The pound net has almost completely superseded the old wooden
trap that dates back to the early days of the salmon business, and has
now almost passed out of existence.

The other minor forins of apparatus employed on the river, namely,
dip nets, squaw nets, etc., which are mostly used by Indians, present
no marked changes in numbers or in methods of use. The Indians
continue to take large quantities of fish in this way for their own use
and for sale.

Complete tables are elsewhere given showing the number and value
of each different kind. of apparatus employed in each county on this
Tiver and also showing the quantity and value of each kind of fish
taken therein. Some general tables follow showing for the Columbia
basin as a whole thé quantities of apparatus used and, the catch in
each. The following table has been prepared to show the increase in
the number of pound nets, haul seines, fish-wheels, and gill nets owned
or used on the Washington and hoon sides of the river respectively
ap 1889 to 1892, inclusive.

244 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Apparatus employed on the Columbia River in 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892. -

Apparatus. Years. Oregon. am Total. || Apparatus. Hreara\Gracent Hilenes Total.
| No. No. No. No. No. No.

Pound nets. -.----| 1889 | ~ 102 62 164 | Fish-wheels....- 1889 31 9 . 40
1890 98 70 168 | 1890 29 12 4]

1891 140 98 238 | 1891 30 14 44

1892 247 131 378 1892 40 17 57

Haul seines.....- 1889 a 33 A0G Gillmets ya. 1889 757 436 1, 193
1890 6 29 39 1890 760 432 1, 192

1891 19 30 49 1891 790 472 1, 262

1892 12 26 38 1892 861 453 1,314

General statistics of the industry.—In the following tables the extent
of the salmon fishery and salmon-canning industry of the Columbia
basin for the years 1889 to 1892, inclusive, are given:

Number of persons engaged in the salmon industry of Columbia River from 1889 to 1892. |

Oregon. Washington. Total.
How engaged
1889. | 1890. | 1591. | 1892. | 1889. | 1890. | 1891. | 1892. | 1889. | 1890. | 1891. | 1892.
|
| | eaters ma
Fishermen..........-.--- 1, 606 Kae 1, 929 |2, 064 |1,535 1,510 |1,575 |1,677 |3,141 |8, 194 3,504 | 3, 741
Shoresmen and cannery |
employees ..--..-...--- 870 he 028 |1,057 |1,100 | 594 | 602 | 654 | 704 |1, 464 |1; 630 |1,711 | 1,804
————— | (hy ee || ———w
Motale:. seeeee ose 2, 476 P 712 |2, 986 |3, 164 |2,129 2,112 |2, 229 P 381 |4, 605 |4, 824 |5,215 | 5,545

Number and value of boats and apparatus and the value of shore property and cash capital
employed in the salmon industry of the Columbia River in 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892.

1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.
Apparatus and capital. aaa = =
No. | Value. | No Value. No. | Value. No. | Value.
|
Oregon
[BOBS sea ee ane eee 751 $99, 850 776 | $104, 400 876 | $120, 815 998 | $131, 550
Pile-drivers and scows. - -- 21 5, 900 23 6, 300 30 8, 300 29 7, 400
Bound netss-s2-scseseeer 102 72, 300 98 | 76, 500 140 98, 900 247 1738, 400
ALPAp NOUS: cmseemy == ALese 2 1 GOO) Fe sal cea eer ae 2 1, 600 2 1, 600
SEITE WAS tage soapooanseous 7 4, 800 6 2, 700 19 11, 150 12 5, 650
Galli BGSheseemes ee cer ees 757 152, 000 760 159, 450 790 181, 265 861 190, 100
IWENGEIS = So Snort cee 31 120, 052 29 107, 552 30 108, 152 40 132, 852
Dip nets and squaw nets. . 95 475 85 425 60 300 50 250
SHOES HRY NA Seatac wec calle Seisace 502,955 |-..---. 486.355 |. -.---< AGO W200) |ameec 507, 805
Cash capital s.......-..--- |e acme 395,000) |5--- 2.) HSI OOO eee mier S20K000 ee ceer 614, 000
ARO: Mie coos tessa tals de ese ees 1, 854/939 ede eee i 24S G82 ii ee eee 1 O00 \O8Ma|ee meat 1, 764, 607
Washington: |
IBORGS eects elosctios cee 475 69, 340 468 59, 780 534 67, 280 538 64, 895
Pile-drivers and scows..-. 39 9, 050 37 9, 950 42 10, 750 45 13, 550
Round snets =e eee 62 48, 200 70 55, 200 98 77, 000 131 103, 400
ERraypaeusin=sncr ica tear 2 1, 400 2 1, 400 2 1, 400 1 700
RUNS ema nsaa nesses Be 18, 700 29 16,400 | 30 16, 900 26 10, 000
Gallin Gis Ses. tace uae see | 436 88, 775 432 89, 480 472 101, 780 453 98, 130
Wiheelsinaa te. e ose eneme 9 25, 000 12 48, 500 14 45, 000 17 49, 100
Dip nets and squaw nets--| 15 75 18 90 23 115 25 125
SHOLE PLOPCRuY econ =~ sealer 245,950 fo2c----| 247 2800) 222-2. 321, 050 |....-.- 282, 800
Casbicapitalle ie ssceececan-|oseeene 304, 000 |...---. Bal (000k Seses—= 332, 000 |.-..--- 330, 000
Mota san ance sates cee meee eee 801, 490 |.....-- 859, 080 |.------ eK PAD eacbese 952, 700
Total for river:
IGEN asaqadoonaocecanessa= 1, 226 160,190 | 1, 244 164, 180 | 1,410 188, 095 | 1, 536 196, 445
Pile-drivers and scows.... 60 14, 950 60 16, 250 72 19, 050 74 20, 950
IRoundemets =. tes eceeeeee 164 120, 500 168 131, 700 238 175, 900 378 276, 800
EGA DIMOU ve ae leis eee 4 3, 000 2 1, 400 4 3, 000 3 2, 300
Selmeseio. 4240S otmeceone 40 23, 500 35 19, 100 49 28, 050 38 15, 650
Galle tse = sci eee ee 1, 193 240,775 | 1,192 248, 930 | 1, 262 283, 045 | 1, 314 288, 230
Wiheel site 20o36 seamen: 40 145, 052 41 156, 052 44 153, 152 57 181, 952
Dip nets and squaw nets..| 110 550 103 515 83 415 75 375
NHOLEEDLOp elroy =e reese hee eee WAST 900M ee eae TBE) Gases i OSPE eriaee 790, 605
Gash capitall....--locecos--lnesans | 699, 000 |....... QIPTO0O eee ae “lien eS bONOUON eee 944, 000
Motels: cscs oe [bepeaas 2 MSG yA22 en ate 2, 383, 762 |.......| 2, 478, 962 |..-.-.- 2, 717, 307
| i 4
re eg a

|

Apparatus and
species.

ag nets:
~ Chinook......
Steelhead ..-..

Blueback..--.-
Steelhead ....

Blueback..--.
Steelhead ....

Steelhead ....

RSLVOD)==' 27S: ‘

166,101 |1, 174, 790°

otal: 2.2

Chinook...-...
Blueback....-.
Steelhead ....
LVL .- 22 <<.

Allapparatus: |

Chinook......
Blueback.....

Steelhead ....!

Shoe

Total.....

1890.

Pound nets:
= Chinook......

Blueback.....

Steelhead ....

Te3 nets:
Chinook....-.

Blueback..... y

Steelhead ....
BUNS oe.c=

Seines:

Chinook. ..--- |
Blueback. .-.. '

Steelhead ....

Chinook.....-
Blueback..-...
Steelhead ....

‘able showing by

No. | Lbs.

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

Oregon.

Washington.

86,777 2,169, 425
33,372 | 166, 860
87,958 | 379, 545

158, 107 2, 715, 830

710 | 17,750
440 4, 400

1,150 | 22,150 'e

127, 100
57, 571
60, 418

245, 089

245

apparatus the number, weight, and value of each species of salmon taken
in the Columbia River in 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892,

$158, 822
14, 246
18, 123

191; 197

24,752 | 618, 800
3,500 | 17,500
16,720 | 167,200

44,972 | 803,500

36, 631 | 110, 204

155, 176

110, 667
1, 486
18, 009

| 130, 162

296, 139 |6, 605, 160

252, 044 |6, 301, 325
27,623 | '139, 115
16,472 | 164,720

322, 404 | 259, 241

15,182 | 379,550
140, 090 | 700, 450
6,329 | 63, 290
4,500 | 31, 500

478, 097
44, 841

555, 380

594, 033
7, 795
9, 875

611, 703

22, 058
191, 154
7, 809
7, 040

228, 061

Dip nets and |
squaw nets: |

691, 957 |11,510,707

————SS]})_ Oa

480, 698 9, 935, 180 | 300, 989

SS /|§ on ———>=

2,291 | 57, 283
16,910 | 84, 550
1,145] 11,450
5,142 | 35, 994

25,488 | 189, 277

381,756 9, 544, 133
221, 495 1, 108, 475
79,064 | 790, 605

9,642 | 67, 494

|
104, 099 |2, 602, 475
50,493 | 252, 46a
51,600 | 516, 000

206,192 3,370, 940

10,750 | 268, 750

2, 250 11, 250
9,013 90, 130

22,013 | 370,130

369,196 9, 229, 700 | 288, 730

81,909 | 409, 545
29, 593 / 295, 935

722, 425
324, 532
164, 264
15, 357

175, 445
92, 590
93, 012

361, 047
3, 629
303
2,979
6, 911
64, 502

16, 542
45, 714

580, 871
107, 627

1,226,578

126, 758

48,228 | 482, 285
—_s |

5, 691, 615 171,518 | 736,72

998, 299

132, 001
9, 257
9, 300

150, 558

2, 721
30
298

49, 465
1, 650
4,570

55, 685

454, 897
11, 324
6, 286
472, 507

246 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Table showing by apparatus the number, weight, and value of each species of salmon taken

in the Columbia River in 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892—Continued.

? Ores: ; ’
Apparatus and Oregon. Washington. Total.
species. a s
No. Lbs. Value. No. Lbs. Value. No. Lbs. Value.
1890.
Wheels:
Chinook...--- 83, 202 |2, 080, 053 | $62, 401 27,972 | 699,317 |$20, 979 | 111,174 |2,779, 370 | $83, 380
Blueback..---- 529, 646 /2, 648, 155 79, 444 | 207, 298 |1, 036, 465 | 30, 481 | 786, 944 |8, 684,620 | 109, 875
Steelhead ....| 71,239 | 712, 390 16, 474 13, 801 188, 010 2, 322 85,040 | 850, 400 18, 796
Metwilvienessseere 4, 660 31, 612 749 1, 500 10, 500 210 6, 160 42,112 959 ©
MRotaleases 688, 747 |5, 472, 210 | 159, 068 | 250,571 |1, 884, 292 | 58,942 | 939,318 |7, 356, 502 | 213, 010
Dip nets and wre mr me he nl
squaw nets:
Chinook.-----. 5, 021 125, 534 1, 958 2, 242 56, 068 841 7,263 | 181, 602 2, 799
Blueback. --.- 32, 748 163, 740 2, 450 Meatelit. 38, 585 579 | 40,465 | 202, 325 3, 029
Steelhead ....} 11,000 110, 000 1, 650 1, 402 14, 025 210 12, 402 124, 025 1, 860
Silversea 10, 180 71, 260 1, 068 4,500 31, 500 472 14, 680 102, 760 1, 540
Notalesace 58,949 | 470, 534 7, 126 15, 861 140,178 | 2,102 | 74,810 610, 712 9, 228
All apparatus: Suh 1 : ne
Chinook.....- 572, 268 |14,306,512 | 439, 648 | 370,616 |9, 340, 235 |285, 620 | 942, 884 |23,646,747 | 725, 263
Blueback.-..- 697, 046 |3, 485, 155 95, 607 | 297,425 |1, 497, 100 | 39, 558 | 994, 471 |4, 982, 255 135, 165
Steelhead ....) 172,445 |1, 724, 455 28, 004 | 114, 930 |1, 149, 305 | 13,106 | 287, 375 |2, 873, 760 41,110
DilVelecen = === 14, 840 102, 872 1,817 6, 000 42, 000 682 20, 840 144, 872 2, 499
Total. ..../1,456,599 19,618,994 | 565, 071 | 788, 971 |12, 028,640 /338, 966 2,245,570 131,647,634 | 904, 037
1891. i aa Fl Saas Ce A ipa: re en ee 7 7 |e an
Pound nets
Chinook...--- 108, 983 | 2,724,575 | 108, 983 94, 624 | 2,365,600 | 94,594 | 203,607 | 5,090,175 | 203, 577
Blueback ..--- 22, 988 114,940 2,298 | 52,164 260,840 | 5,336 75,152 375, 780 7, 634
Steelhead ....| 54, 080 540,890 7, 029 | 44, 448 444,464 | 6,308 98,528 985, 264 13, 337
Total_:... 186, 051 | 3,380,315 | 118,310 | 191, 236 | 3,070,904 106, 238 | 377,287 | 6,451,219} 224, 548
Trap nets: | : | ; ae
Chinook...--- 630 15,750 63 | 712 | 17,800 712 1,342 33,550 1, 342
Blueback..--. 148 740 VON Seaecaek «il aaececie sel acmeseee 148 740 15
Steelhead --.- 786 7,860 | 118 501 5,010 75 1,287 12,870 193
Total:-2.- 1, 564 24,350 | 763 1213: | 22,810 787 PM 47,160 1, 550
Seines: a < be a re
Chinook...... 16,489 | 412,295] 16,489 | 48,596 | 1,214,900 | 36,884 | 65,085] 1,627,125] 53, 378
Blueback.. --. 2, 252 11,260 225 8, 325 41,625] 1,221 10,577 52,885 1, 446
Steelhead .--. 5, 092 50,920 919 | 27, 469 274,690 | 5, 467 32,561 825,610 6, 386
Silver=s.--ese 857 5,999 DOOM Oe ee ae als Genet see coe meee 857 5,999 190
Total..... | 24,690 | 480,404! 17,823 | 84,390 | 1,531,215 | 43,572 | 109,080 2,011,619| 61, 395
Gill nets: i : : FOES or ts" i
Chinook...... 448,500 11,212,500 | 447, 031 | 208, 633 | 5,341,525 |208, 593 | 657,133 /16,554,025| 655, 624
Blueback..... | 25,679 | -131,395| 4,102] 15, 268 76,340} 2,589! 40,947] 207,735 6, 691
Steelhead ....| 17,274 | 172.740] 3,541] 20,581 205,815| 3,468 | 37,855] 378,555 7, 009
Silverle-e-co. 285 1,995 60 694 4,858 145 979 6,853 205
Total..... 491, 738 |11,518,630 454,734 | 245,176 | 5,628,538 214,795 | 736,914 |17,147,168 | 669, 529
Wheels: : nee g
Chinook...... 23, 645 591,153} 17, 735 9, 621 240,540 | 7, 216 33,266 831,693 24, 951
Blueback.. --.| 80,004 | 400,020) 12,000] 36,675 | 183,375] 5,502 | 116,679] 583,.395| 17,502
Steelhead ....| 27,053 | 270,530| 6,675 | 11,536 | 115,360| 3,460 | 38,589| 385,890| 10,135
Silver ........ 4, 920 34,440 | 933 | 2,730 19,110 573 7,650| 53,550 1, 506
Motaleeae 135, 622 | 1,296,143 | 37,343 | 60,562 | 558,385 | 16,751 | 196,184) 1,854,528/ 54, 094
Dip nets and! ae aa ay phy Geant
squaw nets :;
Chinook...... 2, 943 73,591 1,119 403 10,083 151 3,346 83, 674 1, 270
Blueback..--. 30, 436 152, 182 2, 388 13, 887 60,918 914 44,323 213,100 8, 302
: Steelhead ....| 7,459] 74,590| 1,149) 2, 016 20,164| 302 9.475| 94,754 1,451
Wonsaliviers Su). -1-. 10, 370 72,591 1, 089 4, 260 29,820 447 14,630 102,411 1,536
Motalveeee 51,208 | 372,954| 5,745 | 20,566| 120,985| 1,814| 71,774 493,939 7, 559
All apparatus: ; 3 ; ? : 4 7 a
Chinook...... 601, 190 |15,029,794 | 591,987 | 362,589 | 9,190,448 348,150 | 963,779 |24,220,242) 940,137
Blueback..... 161, 507 810,587 | 21,028 | 126, 319 623,098 | 15,562 | 287,826 | 1,433,635 36, 590
Steelhead ....| 111,744 | 1,117,440} 19,481 | 106, 551 | 1,065,503 | 19,080 | 218,295 | 2,182,943 38, 511
Silvereresee se 16, 432 115,025 2, 272 7, 684 53,788 | 1,165 24,116 168,813 8, 4387
Total..... 890, 873 |17,072,796 | 634,718 | 603, 143 |10,932,837 383, 957 |1,494,016 28,005,633 |1, 018, 675

ie thcine

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

247

able showing by apparatus the number, weight, and value of each species of salmon taken

i in the Columbia River in 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892—Continued.
i Oregon. Washington. Total.
_ Apparatus and 2 asians Ps bates
s Species. No. Lbs. | Value. No. Lbs. | Value.| No. Lbs. Value.
F 1892.
/ Pound nets:
vaechinook.....- 127, 627 | 3,191,675 |$127, 627 89, 852 |2, 246, 300 |$89, 852 | 217,479 | 5,537,975 | $217, 479
. Blueback -.--.| 99, 602 498,010} 10,010 | 191, 222 956, 110 | 19,122 | 290,824) 1,454,120 29, 132
Y ; Steelhead ..-.| 112,661 | 1,126,610} 16,899 76, 998 762,980 | 11,549 | 189,659 | 1,896,590 28, 448
} : protaless.- 339, 890 | 4,816,295 | 154,536 | 358, 072 |3, 972, 390 |120,523 | 697,962) 8,788,685 | 275, 059
Trap nets ki geben ae Et) Pua ey
mChinook...-.. 530 13,250 530 20 500 20 550 13,750 550
7 Blueback .-- 240 1,200 CANA ca Nee ee ot AE oo 240 1,200 24
, Steelhead .... 879 8,780 132 150 1, 500 150 1,029 10,290 282
: ; Total...-. 1,649] 23, 240 686 170 2, 000 170 1,819| 25,240 856
t a) | | | a | nS re a |S
) ines:
‘Chinook... .---. 27, 707 689,535) 20,686 | 27,582 | 689,550 | 20, 687 55,289 | 1,379,085 41, 373
~ Blueback .-- 48, 347 237,735 7,132 75, O31 375,185 | 11,256 | 123,378 612,920 18, 388
Steelhead --.- 18, 544 185,352 3,707 | 34,843 348, 430 | 6, 969 53,387 533,782 10, 676
MDILVer...----- 1, 428 10,000 BOOM era teetctee ac maletets niercis-a|eyaimt> arr 1,428 10,000 300
Total..... 96, 026 | 1,122,622) 31,825 | 137,456 |1,413, 165 | 38,912 | 233,482 | 2,535,787; 70, 737
Gill nets: ms a
Chinook...-.- 355, 715 | 8,892,870 | 355,715 | 228, 197 '5, 715, 675 |223,167 | 578,912 |14,608,545 | 578, 882
Blueback ..-.| 94,141 407,705 9, 714 21, 021 110, 105 3,303 | 115,162 580,810 13, 017
Steelhead ..-.| 37, 043 370,430 5,866 | 33,428 | 334,280} 5,090 70,471 704,710 10, 956
TL OS a Rae SSSA ARR Bee eee 714 5, 000 150 714 5,000 150
E Sete SS DAG AOS (eee ee eee eee eee ees
‘Total. <=. . 486, 899 | 9,734,005 | 371, 295 | 278, 360 |6, 165, 060 /231,710 | 765,259 15,899,065) 603, 005
Wheels: Fane we | ae
- Chinook...... 45,964 | 1,149,115| 34,474 16, 705 417, 630 | 12,529 62,669 | 1,566,745 47, 003
- Blueback .-...| 314,585 | 1,572,923 | 47,187 | 145, 766 728, 832 | 21,865 | 460,351 | 2,301,755 69, 052
_ Steelhead ..- 95, 654 956,540 | 28, 696 45, 056 450,560 | 13,517 | 140,710 | 1,407,100 42, 213
Milver ......-- 39, 255 274,785 8, 234 4, 872 34, 104 1, 028 44,127 308,889 9, 257
pat a ye Se ecto SE APES rar i faa | mein ae US fe)
Sn 495,458 | 3,953,363 | 118,591 | 212,399 /1, 631,126 | 48,934 | 707,857 | 5,584,489 167, 525
Dip nets and is - i<o
squaw nets:
Chinook..-...- 1, 356 33,900 509 578 14, 450 217 1,934 48,350 726
Blueback ....!| 59, 023 295,109 4,427 15, 380 76, 900 1, 154 74,403 372,009 5, 581
Steelhead -... 6, 780 67,802 1,017 2, 890 28, 900 434 9,670 96, 702 1,451
BRELVOD so'cn Sos 5 12, 386 86,703 1, 301 4, 850 33, 950 510 17,236 120,653 1, 811
Total..... 79, 545 483,514 7, 254 23, 698 154, 200 2,315 |} 103,243] 637,714 9, 569
All apparatus: | i, steel". Mee ay
Chinook...... | 558, 899 |13,970,345 | 539,541 | 357,934 |9, 084, 105 |346,472 | 916,833 |23,054,450| 886, 013
Blueback ....) 615, 938 | 3,075,682 | 78,494 | 448, 420 /2, 247, 182 | 56, 700 |1,064,358 | 5,322,814] 135, 194
Steelhead ....| 271,561 | 2,715,524 | 56,317 | 193, 365 |1, 933, 650 | 37,709 | 464,926} 4,649,174 94, 026
SLGOD oo-c a> 53, 069 371,488 9, 835 10, 436 73, 054 1, 683 63,505 444,542 11, 518
LOCAL esc 1,499,467 20,183,039 | 684, 187 1,010,155 13,337,941 |442, 564 |2,509, 622 |33,470,980 |1, 126, 751

Number and location

of the salmon canneries operated on the

Columbia River , 1889-92.

: | |
Location. 1889., 1890. 1891.} 1892. \ Location. | 1889.} 1890.| 1891.| 1892.
i |
Oregon || Washington:
STOEL civ aie 5's\o/w'n'e:s'a = 8 8 8 8 WUMHOG soe o ncaa d nee oe | 1 1 1 1
Oe 1 eee if 1 NAD PUM wae twaveas(secaas|uanace 1 1
Maple Dell..... 0-250: 1 ] 1 1 Chino ses cans 1 1 1 uh
Warrendale ........... 1 | 1 1 1 Pillar Rooks. -26. = se 1 1 1 1
CLG Ne SS See 1| 1 1 1 Brook held sou Seu. s. 1 1 1 1
BetnlOe 28 444 sees 235: bade | Oe eso 1 Waterford .......---- 1 1 1 1
POPUANG =. cance s- ence one | cs cee eae a | TIPOICA). oe eases aiwe oy 1 1 | 1 1
————_— | ———_ Cathlamet.....=.-.-:- 1 1 1 1
JG o) Se 12 12 12 14 [Bbiy VAG Woes ae sa ao 1 1 i! i
Maple Olitis..<- 2s 1 1 1 1
Motel antes § Sante ih Schon S| 1) 204]. 10
Grand total .....-- | 21 21 23) |< 2a
|

ne RS --

a This cannery, on the Willamette Rivgr, received its fish from the Columbia River.

248

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Table shuwing by species the salmon pack of the Columbia River from 1889 to 1892.

1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.
States and species. |— =
| Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases. | Value. Cases. | Value.
Oregon:
Chinook... ....:.-=- | 140, 741 $844,446 | 196,414 |$1, 138, 787 | 222,963 $1, 279, 092 | 214,631 | $1, 244, 500
Blueback ..-.-.-- 15, 979 90, 628 53, 851 268, 104 10, 859 58, 816 51, 106 287, 984 |
Steelhead. -...-.--- 11, 692 49, 899 26, 608 106, 482 | 15, 584 62,236 | 45, 403 181, 612
Silyer: 2120: 25 pee eee ne ae eae eee a se EQHUDO ast Sc Sooeene alls .ocoekse cis 4,176 20, 880 |
Lotaliececteee 168, 412 984, 973 276, 373 | 1,513, 323 249, 406 | 1, 400, 144 | 315, 316 1, 734, 976
Washington : i | 3
Chinookeeeeenee. 125, 956 755, 736 | 139,190 807, 300 | 130, 944 759, 474 | 129, 636 751, 888
Blueback ..--.-.. 1, 818 10, 423 3, 994 21, 965 4, 623 25, 426 15, 441 84, 925
Steelhead.-....... 13, 699 58, 688 16, 217 64,868 | 138,980 55,920 | 26,945 107, 280
Silver: dJjscee- 5-52 Seep Shes [beeen ce cee Sedat. one Bete oelee.cees Benen 8 Geeleecsaceee tne |e seen Ce eee
otal sas cre 141, 473 824, 847 | 159, 401 894, 1383 | 149, 547 840, 820 | 172, 022. 944, 093
Total for river: = E aoe fem $
Cinnock2) 32: | 266, 697 | 1, 600, 182 | 335, 604 | 1,946, 087 | 353,907 | 2, 038, 566 | 344, 267 1, 996, 388
iBluebaceaesae-e ALAN AS) 101, 051 57, 345 290, 069 15, 482 84, 242 66, 547 372, 909
Steelhead........ 25, 391 108, 587 42, 825 171, 300 | 29, 564 118,156 | 72,348 288, 892
SU VOT rae tae w occ te wrerets Siete |e wiaje bre! coal are vs ee a ll aoetten steele ee | eee ee Clee | eee a ei 4,176 20, 880
—- — | —- | -— —— | ——-_— | ——-
aRotealler ace ee | 309, 885 | 1, 809, 820 | 435,774 | 2,407,456 | 398, 953 | 2, 240, 964 | 487, 338 2, 679, 069

In 1893 the pack of chinook salmon amounted to 290,000 cases.

Table showing by months the number and weight of each species of salmon utilized for
canning purposes on the Columbia River in 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892.

Years and |
months.

Total .

atlyese es |
August

Total -

Total .

Chinook. Blueback. Steelhead. | Silver, Total.
No.of | Gross | No.of | Gross No. of | Gross ‘No.of) Gross | No.of Gross
fish. | weight. | fish. | weight.| fish. | weight.| fish. |weight.) fish. | weight. ~

|
Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. | Pounds Pounds.
89,266 | 2,231,650 36,676| 183,380| 9,408| 94,080 |.......|.....--. 135,350] 2,509,110
156,117 | 3,902'925 | 76,517| 382:585| 14,709| 147/090|.......|........ 247,343 4'432,600
168,959 | 4'293'975 | 92,453| 412:265| 62,695| 626.950|......_|........ 314.107 | 5,263,190
301,254 | 7,535'350| 36,717| 183,585| 76,166| 761,660 |.......|.-....-. 414.137] 81480,595
.| 715,596 17,893,900 | 232,363 |1,161,815 | 162,978 |1,629,780 |.......|....... ‘1,110,937 | 20,685,495
32,727| 818,175] 63,180} 315,900| 11,005} 110,050|.......!..-....- 106,912) 1,244,125
236.776 | 5,919,400 | 202,580 |1,012,900 | 22/983 229/830 |....... lee 5 sec 462,339 | 7,162,130
252,754] 6,318,850 | 297,234 |1.486,170 | 87,567 875,670 ....... ea es 637,555 | 8,680,690
357,183 | 8,932,575 | 150,299 | '751,495 | 139,596 1,395,960 |.......|........ 647,078 | 11,080,030
13,941 | 348,525] 22,107) 110,535 | 15,535 | "155,350 '2....../220.022. 51,583| 614,410
893,381 |22,337,525 | 735,400 [3,677,000 | 276,686 2,766,860 |...... ieiners 1,905,467 | 28,781,385
82,413 | 2,060,325! 17,437| 87,185] 5,178| 51,780|....-..|..-.---- 105,028 2,199,290
184/090 | 4.502250 55,229] 9761145| 13,314| 133/140|.......|........ 252,633) 4.911.535
223.964 | 5,599,100! 83,743| 418,715| 52,676| 526,760|.......|.-...... 360,383 | 6,544,575
398,247 | 9,956,175 | 32'389| 161,945| 97'900| 979,000|.......|........ 528,536 | 11,097,120
58,670 | 146,750, 3,701| 18,505, 21,286) 212,860).......|.......- 83,657 | 1,698,115
947,384 |23,584,600 | 192,499 | 962,495 | 190,354 1,903,540 |._.__.- apnea 1,330,237 | 26,450,635.
=< — = = | — a a |
55,021 | 1,375,525 | 86,449| 432,945] 10,503| 105,030|.......|......-. | 151,973 1,912,800
187,492 | 4'687,300 | 308,946 |1,544.730| 32,795| 3279950 |.......|........ | 5291233 | 6,559,980
239/498 | 5,987,450 | 330,558 |1,652,790 | 141,194 1,411,940 |.......|........ | 711,250] 910521180
343,421 | 8'585,525 | 128/043 | 640,215 | 199,333 1,993,330 |.......|........ 670.797 | 11,219,070
84,124 | 2/103,100| 191110] 95,550) 52,991| '529'910|.......|........ 156,225 | 2)728)560
Pe Ieee eo 11,293 112/930 | 19,489 | 136,423| 30,782] "2491353
FN oe se pale ee 22'629 | 226/290 | 33/966 | 237,762| 56,595| 464/052
909,556 [22,738,900 | 873,106 /4,365,530 | 470,738 4,707,380 | 58,455 "374,185 |2,306,855 | 32,185,995
|

}

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 249

Searcely any attention is given to the refuse at the salmon canneries:

- On the Columbia River this waste yearly averages over 7,000,000

pounds, or 3,500 tons, nearly all of which is emptied into the river.
The only efforts to save and utilize this valuable waste product are at
Astoria, and there but asmall part of the refuse is collected, as will be
seen by the following statement of the oil and fertilizer prepared from
salmon waste at a small factory:

Oil. Scrap.
Years.

e 7 |
, Gallons. | Value.| Tons. | Value.

!
|
15, 000 | $3,600" |naeeoses | ee

12,000 | 2, 880 25) $500
26,000 | 6, 240 35 700
30, 000 6, 750 40 800

Summary of the salmon industry.—From 1866, the year in which sal-
mon canning began on the Columbia River, to 1893, inclusive, the gross
weight of the salmon utilized for canning was over 658,000,000 pounds,
and the value of the pack was over $59,000,000. The annual results
of this industry are shown in the following table:

Summary of salmon-canning industry of the Columbia River from 1866 to 1893.

Aver- | | Aver
ee No. of age | aS | No. of | age
Year. BAlenon Nin Ra bee Valse pimgalue:|).. Year. Sulned util. cases. | Value: value
i thea packed. | per | ~ Gged. | Packed. | | per
case | case.
= = |
|
Pounds. Pounds.
1866 .... 260, 000 4, 000 $64, 000 $16.00 || 1881 ....) 35, 750, 000 550, 000 $2,475,000 | $4.50
1867 .-..| 1,170, 000 18, 000 288,000 | 16.00 || 1882 ....| 35, 184, 500 541, 300 | 2,600,000 | 4.80
1868 ....| 1,820, 000 28, 000 392, 000 | 14.00 || 1883 ....| 40, 911, 000 629, 400 | 3,147,000 | 5.00
1869 ....| 6,500, 000 100, 000 | 1,350, 000°; 13.50 || 1884 ....| 40, 300, 000 620, 000 | 2,915,000 | 4.70
1870 ....} 9,750, 000 150, 000 | 1,800,000 | 12.00 || 1885 ....| 35,997, 000 553, 800 | 2,500,000 | 4.51
1871 ....| 13, 000, 000 200, 000 ; 2,100,000 | 10.50 || 1886....| 29, 152, 000 448,500 | 2,135,000 | 4.76
1872 ....] 16, 250, 000 250, 000 | 2,325,000 | 9.30 || 1887 ....| 23, 140, 000 356, 000 | 2,124,000 | 5.97
1873 ....| 16, 250, 000 250,000 | 2,250,000 | 9.00 || 1888 ....| 24, 211, 005 372,477 | 2,327,981 | 6.25
1874 ....| 22, 750, 000 350, 000 | 2,625,000 | 7.50 || 1889 ....) 20, 685, 495 309, 885 | 1,809,820) 5.84
1875 ....| 24,375, 000 375, 000 | 2,250,000 | 6.00 || 1890 ....| 28, 781, 385 435, 774 | 2,407,456 | 5.52
1876 ....| 29, 250, 000 450, 000 2,475,000 | 5.50 || 1891 ....| 26, 450, 635 398, 953 | 2,240,964 | 5.62
1877 .-..| 24, 700, 000 380, 000 | 2,052,000 | 5.40 || 1892 .-..) 32, 185, 995 487,338 | 2,679,069 | 5.50
1878 ..-.| 29, 900, 000 460,000 2,200,000 |} 5.00 || 1893 ....) 24,050, 000 370, 000 | 2,107,500 | 5.70
1879 ....| 31,200,000 | 480 000 | 2,640,000 | 5.50 ————— —
1880 ..-.} 34, 450, 000 530,000 , 2,650,000 | 5.00 || Total../658, 424,515 10, 098, 427 [Po 029,790 | 5.85
| | {

In addition to the salmon used for canning, very large quantities
have been salted, consumed fresh locally, or shipped fresh to other
parts of the country. The fish thus utilized have aggregated about
192,000,000 pounds, giving 850,000,000 pounds as the total salmon out-
put of the Columbia River since 1866, the value of which, as sold fresh,
canned, or salted, was $66,000,000. As a matter of interest, it may be
Stated that if the total salmon catch of the Columbia River could be
loaded into railroad cars, 42,500 ordinary freight cars would be required
to contain the fish, which would make a solid train over 280 miles long.

Exportations of canned salmon from Astoria.—Queries are often made
as to where the enormous quantities of salmon prepared in the lower
Columbia River and elsewhere on the Pacific Coast are sold. In the
early days of the canning meets ak aud for several years after, nearly

250 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

the entire product was sold in foreign countries, and there is still a large
export trade with England, Australia, and other countries. Reference
is made to the table of exports from San Francisco for a statement of
the destination of the canned salmon sent from that port. Much the
largest part of the canned salmon exported from Astoria is consigned
to England. The shipments are made exclusively in sailing vessels,
which clear from Puan deeply laden with no other merchandise than
canned salmon.

The following is a statement of the shipment by months from 1887 to
September, 1892, inclusive

= Te
Year and month. Destination. | Cases. Net.weight) vatue,

K of fish.

Pounds.
It Y/—Pad iy 6 saoosnbsosscc puso Sabosagoeoogcnessodoo 355 England ...... 41, 582 1,995,936 | $218, 285
INTIS Rip ppso sbocscis so oseepbe Sndeab age soaueacalaas sc Woe seassae 78, 750 3, 780, 000 466, 631
NB BS=—SAUOUS tae avec ieieise ein sete aee ate toteratees eee ota do Gi 2s: 61, 226 2, 938, 848 436, 824
ie St ansoyedeno spec osenosSr meas sone [sbocs dO}: 2h = 552 12, 869 | 617, 712 90, 856
TOGQEE Mary ee ER SUPER e Ssa Se ene Sa tA teed eae et Al A doses 8, 650 415, 200 59, 785
sal, eae Sete Le AE eS. oa i eae Sine doe eee 23,475 | 1,126,800 | 161,125
INTE WIR to AS rea stedeaceepouss Sse cansoudocsoncos|beacr Gon -s2esce 74, 011 3, 553, 488 501, 838
September acase- cote orcas eae ee eee: eee dovesiceos 20, 334 976, 032 124, 824
LOWNDES? 6 pesado ssaccenosn aceon Tode SAondorcdl sade doeneecenee 8, 124 389, 952 44, 864
1S890=—Miarchi: jaecscascosieces aa naas Cacia ase cemeeee|s seen oe tece ss 7, 000 336,000 | \ 35,000
INOVEMDCE so. ect ss sae aces ces > sosesiee saccsass|aeoce GO tae aeene 20, 701 993, 642 102, 285
IGRI Gy eo easnotooenop.tteebesdaausos6ossdeshecpees||sacce COjosne cee 700 33, 600 4, 200
AGIA Se Gene SSCS SEB TOUr orto coh CGEs OSU abe lnaaE OW acna2nsB 1, 200 57, 600 7, 450
Uti Ze oS qebescnesscepcora ABs ahae sens ebe sesosar baode CO peace 47, 015 2, 256, 720 217, 997
PATIO US beens ieee Sele se eee ee ee eee eee do fst BROT RI | lle 692, 624 183, 724
1802 — HO NEU ALY =a cee feito = Gees meena cteelecisiicleisrate Chileyc eee. Se 3, 000 144, 000 1, 140
Mia Clie foe sine setgdcen «sees a ceisepmice miacecemme| seen doeettioec 500 24, 000 2, 200
a 800 16, 800 2, 450
1 27,107 | 1,320,336 160, 651
46,972 | 2,254,656 | 264,518

THE STURGEON FISHERY.

For many years the fishermen of the Colembia River gave scarcely
any attention to any fish caught in their nets except salmon. Stur-
geon were very plentiful and were caught incidentally in the salmon
nets in considerable quantities. A few were saved and sent to the
Portland market, and during the winter months some were also shipped
by steamer in a round or undressed state to San Francisco, but as a
rule the sturgeon was looked upon as a nuisance and in most cases
was, knocked in the head and set adrift in the river. This practice
prevailed up to a comparatively recent date.

In 1888 an eastern firm established experimental fishing-camps at
several points on the river with a view to determine the abundance
and location of the sturgeon, and, by shipping a few carloads of frozen
sturgeon, to demonstrate the feasibility of creating a market in the
Hast. The undertaking proved a success from the outset, and the
industry soon attracted other firms from the East, so that in 1892 there
were four firms interested in the business. The catch increased from
960,705 pounds in 1889 to 3,006,757 pounds in 1892. The fishery has
been of great importance to the fishermen in that it does not interfere
in any way with their regular salmon operations, but is prosecuted
after the close of the salmon season, and in 1892 added over $41,000 to
their income.

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 251

The sturgeon fishery begins immediately at the close of the salmon
fishery; that is, about the middle of August or the first of September,
and is followed to the opening of the salmon season in the following
April. Sturgeon are found in the river throughout the year, but are
most abundant during the run of sardines, in July and August, and
the run of smelt in January and February, the sturgeon feeding to a
considerable extent on these fish. The spawning season appears to be
in November and later, thus contrasting strongly with the sturgeon of
the Atlantic Coast. Mature roe, suitable for the preparation of caviar,
is not found in quantities before November. With the exception of
the sturgeon taken incidentally in the salmon nets, which are sold for
local use, the fish is neglected during the summer months.

The average gross weight of the sturgeon caught is 150 pounds, the
market fish ranging from 40 to 500 pounds. Some fish of relatively
small size are caught, and occasionally very large ones are taken. In
1891 a sturgeon taken near Kalama weighed 848 pounds, and one taken
off Oak Point in 1892 weighed 800 pounds.

Fishing is prosecuted from the mouth of the river as far up as the
Cascades, a few fish being taken above the latter point; but the bulk
of the catch is obtained between Astoria and Kalama, a distance of
60 miles. During the early part of the season fishing is done nearer the
mouth of the river. The fishermen meet the fish as they come into the
stream and move along with them.

With the exception of a few gill nets employed in the lower river
the fishing is carried on exclusively with set lines. Each line is pro-
vided with 200 to 400 hooks, the hooks being 1 foot apart, and 5 to 8
lines constituting the complement of each fishing boat. When the
fishing was first inaugurated lampreys were used for bait, but in the
following year the Chinese method of using baitless hooks was found
successful and has since been universally practiced. The hooks differ
from those used by the Chinese, however, in being barbed, but resem-
ble them in being ground to a needle-like point. The lines, as a rule,
are anchored across the bed of the river, in some cases diagonally,
and also in the bays formed by the expansion of the river. At inter-
vals of 7 feet a junk bottle or block of wood is fastened to the line to
buoy it up and maintain it in position about 4 inches from the bottom.
The fishermen closely study the movements and habits of the sturgeon
and set their lines on the grounds most frequented. The fish swim-
ming along the bottom of the stream in search of food, as is their
habit, must necessarily cross the set lines, and are almost certain to be
snagged by one or more of the sharp-pointed hooks. In attempting to
free themselves more hooks are apt to be caught in their body and they
are held fast. Occasionally fish are taken showing healed-up scars,
evidence of previous capture and escape. The lines are tended on the
Slack tide and are usually visited only once in twenty-four hours.

In 1892 the business of buying, packing, and shipping sturgeon
was carried on by two firms located at Portland, Oreg., one at Kal-

.

252 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

ama, Wash., and one at Ranier, Oreg. There were also numerous
receiving stations located near the fishing-grounds. If, after tending
his lines, the fisherman is near the head station or packing house, he
delivers his catch there; but if some distance away he takes it to the
nearest receiving station of the firm with which he has contracted to
furnish his catch. The prices received by the fishermen are 1 cent per
pound as the fish come from the water, or 14 cents per pound if the
viscera have been removed. When the fish contain roe suitable for the
manufacture of caviar, the fishermen remove it and receive 4 cents per
pound for the same. As soon as the fish are landed at the packing-
house a gang of employees dress them for market. In some eases the
skin is removed, in others it is left intact. After dressing, the fish are
cut into sizes to fit the freezing-pans, which are then placed in bins,
covered with ice and salt, and frozen into solid cakes. After freezing,
the blocks of sturgeon are removed from the pans and placed in boxes
holding from 200 to 250 pounds, which are loaded into refrigerator cars
and shipped to market. Most of the catch has been sent to Sandusky,
Ohio, Chicago, Il., and New York City, where it is smoked and finds a
ready sale at good prices. The number of car loads of fresh sturgeon
sent east was 25 in 1889, 77 in 1890, 102 in 1891, and 115 in 1892.

One product of the sturgeon is used entirely by the Chinese, namely,
the spinal marrow. As soon as the fish are landed at the packing
establishment a Chinaman, armed with a hook, pulls out enough of the
marrow to furnish a good hold, then seizing it, draws the remainder of
it out hand over hand. In the average-sized sturgeon the spinal cord is
4 or 5 feet long and consists of long, white connecting links resembling
sausages. These are cut open and the jelly-like substance contained
within is scraped off and thrown away. This marrow is known by the
Chinese and the trade under the name of “bone.” It is thoroughly
dried, and if not sold to the Chinese in this country it is exported to
China, where it is much prized for making soups. The Chinamen pay
4 cents a pound for this “bone” and remove it from the fish themselves.

Valuable as the sturgeon is, there seems to be a large waste that
might be utilized for fertilizing purposes. Nearly half the gross
weight of the fish is at present thrown away, the head, viscera, and
skin being discarded. This refuse contains more or less oil and valu-
able fertilizing properties, and could, no doubt, be utilized to great
advantage.

The sturgeon fishery of this river was investigated for the United
States Fish Commission by the writer in 1889 and again in 1892, the
various fishing camps and grounds and packing stations being visited
each year, and the firms engaged in the business courteously furnished
the desired statistical and general information. Up to the date of the
last visit sturgeon had been found in ample abundance for the demands
of the firms, but the fishermen were beginning to complain of a growing
scarcity. AS is usual in such cases, more apparatus was required,
and this had to be moved from point to point more frequently in order

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 253
Tio keep up the catch. Advices received from this river in 1893 reported
a great scarcity of sturgeon, which was followed in 1894 by a still more
marked decrease in the abundance of the fish, so that the persons inter-
ested were obliged to discontinue the business, and some moved their
plants to Grays Harbor, Wash., and Fraser River, British Columbia.
The absence of any protective laws or a close season during the spawn-
ing period, together with the avidity with which the fishing was prose-
cuted, have doubtless led to this destruction of a once valuable fishery.
The failure of the States to take proper action for the preservation of
the sturgeon has no doubt been due to the recent date at which the
fishery was established and to the absence of accurate knowledge as to
its destructive tendency. The extreme brevity of the existence of ©
this fishery is very suggestive, although in keeping with other rivers of
the Eastern States in which the sturgeon fishery has been entirely
abandoned.

The extent of the sturgeon fishery of the Columbia River during the
four years, 1889 to 1892, is shown in the following tables, relating to
persons employed, apparatus, boats, etc., used, and quantity and value
of products.

Persons employed in the sturgeon fishery of the Columbia River.

Wee
Fisher- |Shoreem- Total.

Beams: | men. ployees. |
| ash itis leatinertsis 11 a0 6 acta a ane ane A MOR, 135 20; 155
BR a he 2 he seek. rhs egal. reins cpidal<sepasstiaence 183 29| 212
IEEE RSE 8 8 Ne et ea ey a 202 35 | 987
Rune MONEE: Fetes. oA JO ah Ec bid oeiee ene). sed Jdad 5 287 53 340

Bogts, apparatus, and other property employed in the sturgeon fishery of the Columbia

River.
-
1889. 1890. 1891. 1892,
Items. SSS
No. | Value. | No. | Value. | No. | Value. No. | Value.
eos | | i |
LONER CSA SaA See 90 $2, 250 122 $3, 050 135 | $3,375 200 | $8, 690
Sea ON ress ot eno Said ew ole w 2 630 6, 300 854 8, 540 945 9, 450 | 1, 322 | 13. 220
SRPMS UNC teeta. 5 Sicwsen = oslo cute erianere sre 15 1, 500 15 1, 500 15 1, 500 15 1, 500
SONG R26 Ae SS Se Pe a DY 5.200) Voces am 23,500 |.-...- 247500) aoc 27, 008
SMMC CRTIURL se on cle neels Saisie oc hoc|aensin'e Si900 oc. T4000 aac 2A O00)\zaeee as 40, 000
Ota eee eae cee cies ce macce ee Ae boe S810! eee. 2 505590" [>< 252% HO G25 fee See we 90, 410

Products of the sturgeon fishery of the Columbia River.

| 1889, 1890. 1891. 1892.

Products.

| Pounds. Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.

921, 945 | $10, 094 | 1, 627, 434 | $17,275 | 1, 868,902 | $20,447 | 2,915, 428 | $30, 904
47, 2

21, 275 851 36, 650 1, 346 47, 680 1, 907 60 1, 890
15,600 1, 395 33, 300 2, 331 39, 400 1, 970 56, 020 2, 241
1,195 2, 902 2, 325 3, 487 3,117 4, 676 4, 405 6, 758

960,705 | 15, 242 | 1,696,709 | 24,439 | 1,959,099 | 29,000 | 3,006,757 | 41, 743

954 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

THE FISH TRADE OF PORTLAND, OREGON.

The fish business of Portland is of considerable extent and is one of
the most important branches of trade. In the wholesale trade, fresh,
pickled, and canned salmon, and fresh sturgeon are handled in large
quantities, the fresh fish being shipped in refrigerator cars to points
east of the Missouri River. One salmon cannery is located within the
city limits, and several others on the Columbia River and in other
places are owned by persons having their business headquarters at
Portland.

A good variety of fresh-water and salt-water fish may be found in
the markets of the city at almost any time in the year. German carp,
shad, and catfish, which were only recently introduced into that part
of the country, have wonderfully increased and are found constantly
in the markets. Their abundance is such that at times it is difficult to
sell them at any price. Salmon is the favorite fish and is usually sold
at a very reasonable price. Any recent decrease in the quantities of
carp, shad, and catfish consumed in Portland may be attributed to
the increased use of salmon. Carp and catfish are plentiful around the
city docks and are also very abundant in the several streams adjacent
to Portland.

The salt-water fish entering into the fresh-fish trade of Portland ©
come largely from Puget Sound. Native oysters are brought from
Willapa Bay and the Yaquina River in sacks holding about 100 pounds
each. Crawfish are common and come from the sloughs of the Wil-
lamette River, a few miles from the city. The crabs and clams which
are consumed locally are received from Willapa Bay and the mouth of
the Columbia River.

In the following table the extent of the fresh-fish trade of Portland
in the years 1889 to 1892 is shown. “The vaiues given represent the
prices paid by the dealers to the fishermen.

Fresh-fish trade of Portland, Oregon.

| 1889. 1890. 1891. | 1892,
Species. -
| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.) Pounds. | Value.
@ulins- Coders isclt- ee | 20,109 | $1, 005 22,320 | $1,116 28, 260 | $1, 413 | 30, 119 $1, 506
Mlpondersiyaeeee se 60,117 | 1,804 65,220 | 1,957 70,360 | 2,111 75,108 |. 2, 253
Halibupsessecescee ns. 55,000 | 2,750 61,108 | 3,055 75,320 | 3,766 | 122,500) 6,125

55, 214 | 1,656 60,512 | 1,815 64,670 | 1, 940 | 71, 870 2, 156
90,212 | 2,706 95,317 | 2, 860 98,230 | 2,947 110, 160 3, 805
830, 105 | 32, 050 920, 222 | 36, 800 960, 115 | 38,400 | 1,004,320 | 30, 130
10, 145 507 20,360 | 1,018 31,125 | 1,556 45, 840 2, 292
198,460 | 4, 962 101,115 | 2,528 149,870 | 3,746 300, 422 7,510
13,319 | 1,998 14,270 | 2,140 16,180 | 2,427 19, 430 2,914
8, 328 833 29,958 | 2,387 63,694 | 2, 634 103, 470 4, 522
50,115 | 1,250 60,340 | 1,500 70, 530 | 1, 763 | 80, 240 2, 006
200,000 | 5,000 210,000 | 5,250 260,000 | 6,500 | 3816, 000 7, 400
7, 200 250 13, 350 467 18, 000 630 21, 600 756
20,000 | 3, 000 25,000 | 3,750 30,000 | 4, 800 20, 000 3, 000

SUOUEI Ga ckoongsscc 1, 618, 324 | 59,771 | 1, 699, 092 | 66, 643 | 1,936,354 | 74, 683 | 2,321,079 75, 875

iii.

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 255

WASHINGTON,
GENERAL IMPORTANCE OF THE FISHERIES.

The fisheries of this State are more valuable than those of Oregon,

owing to a greater development of the oyster industry, the pelagic fur-
‘seal fishery, and the general fisheries for salt-water fish, although the
extent of the salmon fishery is considerably less than in Oregon.

The fishing industry of the State has witnessed a gratifying increase
yearly. In the face of the depressed condition of trade during part of
the time covered by this report the fisheries underwent a noteworthy
development, and the continued increase in the State’s population will
no doubt lead to a still more important fishing business.

As at present prosecuted the fisheries of Washington of special prom-
inence are the salmon and sturgeon fisheries of the Columbia River,
Grays Harbor, and Whatcom County, the oyster industry of Willapa
Bay, the general food-fish and fur-seal fisheries of Puget Sound and
Strait of Fuca, and the cod fishery of Skagit County.

The fishing industry of Washington in 1892 gave employment to 4,310
persons; the capital invested was $1,593,567; the value of the products
was $931,568. Statistics showing the aggregate of the business in 1892
and in the three preceding years are given in the following tables:

Persons employed in the fisheries of Washington.

|
How engaged. 1889. | 1890. | 1891. | 1892.
ROS hin VOSS Sse nc o 2c accmesiecen-\-sneuleanmacisinis sie =mcr~ nem ence 103 95 | 217 331
On tr: ansporting NOR AG IN coe cae alee stain = ala ee wale eas nite = alm olt tet ciaeleiats mir 28 27 | 40 45
PAA ECHANORIGH Ss see ata ot tae > soon ie Secivess bees aclacinnsmasimenon els 2,528 | 2,479 2, 818 3, 082
SEES HOLE) 1 CATINICTIOS) GUC ve neidteviacccaw « cl-.cies<'e sivinis'eevin.e)nla(snieinsin'=im= 704 652 | 778
BRU Cy Rat eet te a ree Se emis a aateialg a) altiaiara taints 4 s(e1O alalara inisin se biuiaiv’e/aia 3,863) | 3,200 | of 853 4,310

Vessels, boats, apparatus, shore property, and cash capital of the fisheries of Washington.

1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.
Items. 7 Sas =
No. Value. No. | Value. No. Value. No. | Value.
Vessels fishing .........-.--- 8 | $30, 850 9 | $24, 550 19 | $45, 850 33 | $85, 730
PIOOMBMG. sah c% cane < nin = LOW ROM | cetsieaiaieemte pay aha oresesere Gah B el A Bee oer HEC OW il aes asa
OT ee ae oe LO ZAG | sero cae AGE A eres NRE a ee eins 27, 880
Vessels transporting ..-.-.-.- 2 16, 050 12 11, 900 15 31, 300 18 28, 900
DORE CG Se ee eee LOO SS) eeeueer: aK jaa Uh ee eee 16GB D0) oon eemn=s- gy Rd ae
UGE Se ase aaeeeneel Dapecos (ALU ERE Se bee | Us| aeese se few (I) ree See 5, 750
pce SS cE nnn ee ee 1,277 | 108,414} 1,260 | 106,175 | 1,474) 123,510 1, 690 132, 330
Guns and Fyife tS ose Coane eee fe MOO! |emren ie DN AOOR (oceans BEIGE Wen 2 toes 4,517
Apparatus—shorefisheries :
(SEL SGC ee a 638 98, 987 743 97, 830 871 | 112, 137 885 | 112,550
Pound and trap nets...-.-. 137 92, 300 74 58, 200 118 117, 200 157 124, 700
USEC Ae ghee 120 38, 950 126 36, 750 151 45, 775 162 46, 650
LOUD GCM Ae epee Bn ACB aoe stad [Scr 6 COC S| MECRSe SS Fee Cnr Isr 20 1, 000 10 500
MONOMNGUS 2222-1. os <n me 15 75 18 90 23 115 20 100
WHOIS ost cree na nie anie oe ; 9 26, 000 12 48, 500 14 45, 000 17 49, 000
HON Ae eee eer BrOeU! \wokwe aa. OOO ene a tae eee 4, 065
Tongs, rakes, and hoes..-...|------- Ch oP i ES eer 3) 402i oe ccraia.s AS TOG) SS eemeons 3, 505
Guns, spears, harpoons, etc.|------- 2.060) (eee ee. 1: 080: jzeo- ae. 1 (Gh Ds a ee 1, 700
BINEE HEQDELCY ooo ic iscnqo sone leecw ase Oth SOU. base! aeaiese 808;,280) |e oo sm a5 442 5503). idence no! 417, 800
BEAR IIGHDICON wowee gs ncrse deen s|qc-56< lp AGI; 000) |2--0- 55 405, 000 |.....-- 495;000)|/.2.e+ 2... 546, 000
Ritalin aston a Shh eRe feb vO7ss| eens cece (1, 1, 117, 687 or ae okey ph 486, 563 |........- 1, 593, 567
| |

256 REPORT

Products of the fisheries of Washington.

OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.
Species. | SS

Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.} Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.

ID eek Cod sete se. ae nace |e see ee Hales tte | 4,700 $141 13, 500 $405 15, 000 $450
Blueback salmon. .------ | 490, 192 |$19, 427 | 1,487,100 | 39,558 | 1,145, 858 | 26, 764 | 2,513, 932 62, 431
Chinook salmon ....--- 110, 207, 756 |455, 913 | 9,547,343 |291, 333 | 9, 723, 673 |358, 123 | 9,843, 627 | 363, 363
Codnsalted: 222 s- a aes BO OOO 278008 | Meee ae wees eee 85,000 | 3,400 539,000 | 21, 560
Cultuws-cod 22-22) 5-25 -5 267,000 | 5,860 276,000 | 5, 620 283,000 | 5,835 359, 000 6, 875
Woes salmon 7-o- o- 22h 413,327 | 4,189 918,773 | 8,328 | 1,021,051 | 9,066 | 3,310,115] 22,190
Hlounders' 2. se ce eee 105,006 | 1,700} 134,000 | 2, 255 193,150 | 3,288 184, 560 3,191
Halibutiees-sseccasetsc 685, 000 | 15,640 | 740,000 | 16,750 994,500 | 23,620 | 1,410,500 | 29,140
IVELTING Vee sese ceases e 215,000 | 2,475 407, 000 | 4,590 508,000 | 5,750 617, 112 6, 817
Humpback salmon..... Bre Ooo |e OX OUD) |e ea ee eer Ease [52s OM1 al Tl: OS Tal eaaesee ees | Lee
Perch ceccereer ceeenane 23, 000 460 44, 000 880 60,000 | 1,500 65, 140 1, 308
Rockfis hiss as455 seeeneiae 102,000 | 2,910 110,000 | 3,075 150,000 | 4,275 163, 000 4, 515
Shad Ge2eeetc camarerse eats 21,010 | 2, 055 44,167 | 3,519 59,900 | 3,590 103, 350 3, 183
Silver salmon= 2. .-5.:. 4, 020, 815 | 86,944 | 1,419,172 | 30, 621 | 2, 193, 320 | 39,552 | 3,597,345 | 60,143
Smieliese i eos eee 203,000 | _ 3, 750 236,000 | 4,500 272,000 | 5,160 321, 726 6, 158
Steelhead salmon ..---- 962, 805 | 27, 884 | 1,262,615 | 17,372 | 1,325,423 | 24,279 | 2,419,192 | 43,419
Ntureeon —-e- eee | 218,985 | 2,300 | 255,263 | 2,871 503, 327 | 5,468 543, 623 bom
Trout, black-spotted. -. 12,060 | 1,800 15,000 | 2,700 16,000 | 2,880 20, 000 3, 600
Trout, salmon .......-- 13, 000 390 15, 000 450 18, 000 540 20, 000 600
COrabaiae ease eee eese 22, 400 840 48,400! 1,900 69,600 | 2,760 79, 000 3, 550
Shrimp eee scaas eee 1, 500 300 1, 475 295 1, 800 450 2, 000 50u
(Cir ee S Se be BA Sees 438,000 | 3,650 624,000 | 5, 200 736, 800 | 6,140 684, 000 5, 700
Ovsters4ash2 ase 7,547,400 |128, 604 | 8,889, 000 |147,930 | 9,985, 680 |154, 961 | 9, 895,440 | 147, 995
RWihallesseceecs teams wes accesses S00h Sees G00) | ss2c—- se alee 2400 5'3 228 2 — cee 600
iimseal se eet epee eee eens a 30 SOOM earnest S 58,906. ||ae 4-8 TOIL See seer 121, 528
HMO OSes tcc c sted es 7,500 | 3,000 | 10,813 | 4,325 8,413 | 3,365 13, 125 5, 250
Woartishoil. ss...) 28,500 | 1,330 30,000 | 1,400 | 33, 750 | 1,575 37, 500 1, 750
Lo bal Mee secaacee 26, 407, 582 |810, 326 |26, 619, 821 |655, 119 30,154, 686 1777, 282 (36, 757, 287 | 931, 568

The crabs, clams, oysters, frogs, oil, etc., specified by pounds in the
foregoing table are, in the following supplementary table, reduced to
the basis on which they are sold in the markets, and the number of

whales and fur seals are shown:

Products.
(CRE Ea ARE CINOR COORCEERES AArBa ne Kanne ccnD Hage number.
(CUETTR Se pogo aos Ge BAG Ran SS aca Cre ripe aranrionemteees bushels.
OWSUETS <2 -occcee os see poles sscGeenecniccmereecereees do-eee}
WHA OS SEA a. Sea NRE. 5 te Se RE ee ae number. .
EESTEE SOB Sirsa ars oe oe ae sien eer Seis Se eee dols--
INTOPS' Seems acyerisein= cesses anigtiaecisince See see eeeEeeeneee do. -
UDO TS HOM ee cee om at caleis seins semen mae eeee lew eer gallons

1889. | 1890. | 1891. 1892.
|

| 7,466] 16,133] 23,200 26, 333
-| 6,257 8,914 | 10,525 9,771
125,790 | 148,150] 166,428| 164, 924
4 3 12 3
2, 875 4,620 | 4,267 9, 143
36,000 | 51,900} 40, 380 63, 000
3, 800 4, 000 4,500 5, 000

a all

ee

ee ae

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 257

¥ DETAILED STATISTICS.

_ The following series of tables relates to the fisheries of Washington
in the years 1889 to 1892, inclusive. Figures for each county are shown
in detail.

Table showing by counties the number of persons employed in the fisheries of Washington
in 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892.

1889. 1890.
On Ti | On | On, TH On
ees ae kaha) ares shore, : On | Vessels | Bnace | shore, 7
. S rans- | ¢ her. | in can- | Total.| vessels| trans- fisher. | 12 can- | Total.
fishing. port- ies neries, fishing.| port- aaa neries,
ing. i ete. ing. | Noa | ete.
Chehalis 45 | 6 51
pean O22 Nc nee 322
RE Gincsmiscaseaccisc 20). eae wea 20
Cowlitz 42 | 5 47
Jefferson... 1 Wy fi eee ae ee 29
King........... 287 89 452
Klickitat ph Sate otek 55
Mason ......-------. 64 6 70
EPMO 22 ooo «a's sna) 483 189 694
ere Sa islets mis: ofs'= 127 3 137
n Juan 6 5 11
Skamania Pape ere ars 22
Oa Sie ae a ee ESS se Dea ersteeete > 1 hea Fe: 5 | gan 1 bt ee see ee 12
WV ANIA UM... ccc lewerwcce 5 1, 005 BOO ek COD |i a occa oe 5 977 349 1, 331
(0 ao 103 28| 2,528| 704 | 3,363. 95 27 | 2,479| 652 | 3,253
1891 1892
On In | 02 On | 3, |, On
aa tome Dan vessels Sas shore, On vessels | aire shore,
, sssels| trans- fisher- | 12 can- Total. vessels) trans- | fisher- | U2 ¢2@2- Total.
fishing.| port- ies. | Deties, fishing.) port- | aeS | neries,
ing. P| eetee | ing. | 2 ete.
| | =
hehalis......-.---- |
ALTE ee Sa ee
oO ee
PEG tZs locke ~ an
Jetierson
Poreechons cots
Klickitat
TStDTr eee Sat eee See eae eee Se
BIN Ge ote sioe esac ie =| oc soca
OU: ee
San Juan
PARADE, << cfaie < <c.
Skamania
Thurston
Wahkiakum
Whatcom
Total
Ky R.

258 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Table showing by counties the nativity of persons employed in the fisheries of Washington
in 1892.

Countries.

| American In-

Counties.

Great Britain. |
dians.

United States.

| Germany.
Portugal.

Russia.

| Sweden.
Austria.
Greece.
Italy.
France.
Holland.
China.
Japan.
Total.

On vessels fishing:
Clallam

Moe s|asjcoase cas cee Adi allterave sll eters Sel Sevote hes jejai| Sieve myst eres sie erall ena
Jetersonwere ceae ee ceaee Go | See e Bel Srcic| onod) MESe seis srmac (dese BS sl ace eee ks see 10 26
EN eee eee ee 106 | LG MO) seals ae w|i re= =| re er se [se | eye | eG 155 |
IPiGrcee cette cease eens CLO AS elles ete eal sce = sangeet cee Bea neal ae 20 |
Skagit sess. sees soe cee ack 24 |... al eps aese Selanne ase Eee Pa eel) 6} 35
IWARATCOM ER sae Stee eee nee | BA Geese sratafell orate Beare Lets Shee eal aaae| oe ae a eee 3
Motal ven she. seo 176 TEI GY eesellese Neale On| eee 2 114} 33H
—— = | ——! —=

HE benootnocdsSsenasece Osa sAec sic Stlloread|boacleocs = eels 4
action eat ssceeet meter ee Senieee alee SS ae colaae Saas OEealeeoe 5 pene 32
Witham es eeeee setae. Bale acelnece 4HRaas| Goce leery: See | 228 5
Wiahatcomsseecsscccnaee: Dil laaae|beoaans| once eeeeiecee [eee 1 ee] aseaee 475

otal stecsen. odes ZY beer el bee ais an weeelieee ] 5 E 45

In shore or boat fisheries:

Whehalismen see ease ei aE: Si et Ya ea | Pager eset n | Seeio| le sieved RSSe eee esaalleescl ioe lesorl sae 68
(Clallam ss een cecease a ee in Bee es BOF esa lace seme acta gecel ec aamolb ao 387
Olarkemrercccseteceercees PAU esa eg Sacre SOS ote ead Sear SemeSenelesealooan saaclioce 20
Wowlitzeneesceecne. fucken Bis Beal Besee tol Be Sra ee ee are elmo ised exe ocac = 38
DOUOLSON. se ee eee eee BSS Se aa eee ellis call ape teyel| Bee rel ery 5 ee ral pe [me | a Ua 17
LISTS Soe SEG AER ae ene Liye [ene E a ee enn CUP ta asa WO 8 eS SRA least (Seal Seals ees. 363
Gli Clethatyescmes cores eee QBN occ ttee cece (cratered etareell erescaci ereleie eral erates lee acl ores al eco | rere eee AO 63
PMA SON ee cece cee eee 2G Ae eel seae seta Be eee err ace] Etc enss biel ssi tte 64
LEC YON E Geen ae 295 | 77 | 83 | 48] 18 |... 2 9 LS LON Sei ae ere tee seers es 726
IOICOR Gene acce ween ce ee PAT eae Oe Tb eee ie Beal Daas ec tecth allley s eee eG 150
San duaniter = scenes Ga Eee sles eiael tere | ES eee oe oboe eee sintc etter 6
SKamaniaes.- s-j0--aecee Gy On shi eee lcs aaa 3008||ssos|eoseeose|abdc|lbo=. 28
PUTS tOMess socseneemece cess Sha Seal Pee Seca bce =ic\|=/=tcaueteete aes Son) 14" 14
Wishkiakum 2225. 250 22 ee 237 |119 |274 |115 | 60 | 63 8) 14) 2) 39 2A See 820) 953
IWihAaLGOMsesecws ek cece oO ses? Ue lea Hoye eal nis llc ayrsl ts cee Pcl alee Yee era OO, 185

PROtaMES oka cece esac 867 |229 [508 |278 |189 1118 | 55 | 23 5 | 49 2/| 8 7 |-o22|75373 082

On shore, in canneries, etc. :

Chelialisz soos sea ee LOM ES Fecal See le cen ee eeerets |= z Baer aasH ts oalsase|E2eal|- Le 10
Wowilbitzicetsesenes 22sec 10) ee esr tere lees He Sale Caelaes ne se ee ae at afl
TEST PE al SION [eee al aM es | [ce He el AG I |ooe 83
Mason Gal Racal EASE Gta heal ass) Maecl 5 Eee | te Cele | Rea ean 2S 6
Pacific 63 4 1 Li | esas 2 ibs [as DN eres 229M eee a eee ae 299
Biereesceece ees i | ees ee ee abi lee Balle eS aes e Sees sealers | eee if
San Juan Es See | See | Bo oe | sep as aa 2 AA erate ates! S50] osc 5
Skagit Dole ace sere lass seca seeeloeeeeeee : Seed secd earls one 3
Wahkialsimi)seeece- cece. BO a ees celles ever eee Beales yal LG SABU EY Saea| Bead bes 346
Wihatcomie secs 2) oe sees TY (SSS Need A ees BESSA sac 5.a0| bs Be eee hoa ese] Gare 15 82

AE Otalliasaee sete eee 180 4 716 erred lbteletc 2 1 BLOB sel EI ey fe) alla) 852

|

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

259

| Table showing by counties the nationality of persons employed in the fisheries of Wash-
ington in 1892.

a
.

Counties.

On vessels fishing:
allam
Jefferson
King
Pierce -
Skagit
WBNS COU 5 << 5c cic <== 20 3 -

On vessels transporting:
King
Pacitic
Wahkiakum
Whatcom

In shore or boat fisheries:
Chehalis

Thurston

Whatcom

Chehalis

Skagit
Wahkiakum
Whatcom

Countries.

United States.

Russia.

Norway.
Austria.

Great Britain.

Holland.

Portugal.
American In-
dian.

Total.

30

rE Kia i elt pa
ayes hie ates asters
it) aka ER ey ee

ON ee
esch ae

Bad bo | Secs 4
setae | eee 3

cede eaGelceeee EIR
B: eeelene:
pr peel eae

vO ea ee

Ww O1bo

wee | s

——

260 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

oreo ee

Table showing by counties the apparatus and capital employed in the fisheries of Wash- .

Years and counties.

1889.

Clallam
Clarke

J efferson eee pha
King
Klickitat

1890.

Chehalis
Clallam
Clarke
Cowlitz
Jefferson
Kin

Skinid ens seas

1891.

Chehalis
Clallam
Clarke

Jefferson
King
Rlickitaities. oe. ssi
Mason

Skagit
Skamania
SRE tOM eee eee
Wahkiakum
Whatcom

1892.

G@hehaliss-csiec. ccc.
Clallam
Glarkeree sce coon
Jefferson
Kan owe Pee eee
Rdickitat's..Sshee.
Mason

Renate eed ccc
Skamania. .....-..-
Thurston

Whatcom

ington in 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892.
Vessels fishing. Vessels transporting. Boats.
Value Value
No. |Tonnage.| Value. of No. |Tonnage.| Value. of No. | Value.
outfit. outfit
BA BHOd Sqoenboods| oocro con Sescessa| |Ferormlboaonadsnc||bosccoas||sancnoue 15 | $1,500
BER Boe leisadan booby Coombs SAB se soq becoso| booseaseoc||seaceocolscascose 174 | 10,125
10 750
45 2, 250
8 1, 360
97 7, 885
9 140
118 3, 560
eSe005 Jeseon so8ss)baagsess|ssseeqs4 11 72. 37 | $9,050 | $920 295 | 20,494
bodies Web see oan acer aoe eet nee a aia | eemapeeeete | eae enneae | enaeane oe 92 3, 430
LU | Geese yaracs tails metre Sed arate ope eel ae eye el athe te eee | ee eee | een rere 6 120
Lisceiealllsessase/oce| Momeni Bee Bae ace ies Meson catntal eeenae sine cece 30 1, 000
Sgjeiie lee’ nereicare|[Soc cute ct|pemesteiers 1 37.01 | 7,000 | 6, 900 378 | 55, 800
8 319. 10 | 30,850 | 10, 245 12 109. 38 | 16,050 | 7,820 | 1,277 | 108, 414
} a oe —_—§- ——— ——
Be aS Se Saecor onda bspesc6 4] Sobbessn scecss||Ssonddses-|PSobeeseleseccebe 25 1, 750
SODAS Home aodoo a aaa once baSsteeal betas lesqoosddadloGecuser|leactsa65 177 10, 250
255255) (5 Sess A Woeds Ades Sece Sts SSeS So) SSescabced|ladshe nelle scsscse 14 1, 050
BEd poneemass 3 Ge pacemehonen ana Sepoh lbempsneted Gacrees lscesagos 55 2, 950
2 11. 60 950 27S BS eahs| barcoeortae| Seoacsed becoarioe 8 1, 330
5 PPB VEY PASC ON GiKtbys eee eS 5 loeesceoece JOSH |\Soga000 81 6, 980
Boose boo aco mal be cocbad send 56s |Gaseac|Soonsonpodosoacoedlltiscsece 9 140
aS |-kacont fo|ee see taloanctee ee cus|ccnbe a. Mee| uct | eoeeeieet Men Mc
Beddas Sseoeeaees bo Ssceculososecds 11 TOT eA SOON iS eeinecrste 281 18, 850
2 19.92 | 1,700 BbO ene as dle as see ceeulecrese ae laeeecet 97 3. 745
Bibs cls clots a misterelars a sicim = wie El ei seaisic | See sey Sem eeocee | eeeencen semcecer 4 250
sesso | eceats Sere] Saisrentce ace ate ciel oeosic te [Sceecten am oe inet eee eee meee 6 120
Laie brallicis ares eicteral|sroteie eis aa lose eee || eae al oe siteisoreee [meecereine | oma eee 30 1, 000
Seis ed eee 1 37.01) 7,000 | 1,500 355 | 54, 200
9| 254.57 | 24,550 8, 775 12 107.18 | 11,900 | 1,500 | 1,260 | 106,175
Deu an: | Sense state ace amet ace eee eee copbanect alae dessa. /qeacsece lt oun naa
3 S840 7 43, LOO! as 200s | Secs aerate tere tate. etal seretor [etecetotonetols 205 | 11,900
poddoal |p Senscsodh|bobdas4a leet ed ese sadllSnosesheSs legen decslleescsenc 11 825
2 on laja is] \uclepyreiccis|sieiaclaje'aa|| tie nsec st see coed ewe cere ate namie | emesis 54 2,550
4 22.66 | 1, 650 UCL SSSe.|5Soccsacas Seesdond konasces 8 1, 330
7 261.06 | 24,400 | 3, 255 1 10,000 | 1,000 98 8, 730
BES s nace ees aaeeao Ar Ceraeiaas basse. teeoduue cal easobaselSausecc 10 160
Speco batoeeeeas) Soosncad peseccae passer |bseccsaecs taartpeclbscene ss 118 3, 560
S52 Covel eee Eee elle ore eer eeeteeee 12 10, 800 300 385 | 31, 647
3 28508 sl) 25700. Leen, eecncsieaceeem ae aleeeeteie lemeceeee 102 4,070
see scalesassoes mel eescste selbocs secs |sece onl esse cece ce ae oeeeme fees 4 250
2 W8563 e145 OOO) eed: BOON See al arse eae aeetaee tee lee eee eee Jeseorcos
§a8csd| PSS -heaooa| toSeoned lessee gs tesece| Ass sctde aden ssacke| sonoscce 6 120
wie Seat SSRBR Eee Sees a See Cera see |e SOadbSoabacReaac 31 1, 018
seers [Saootbscsa|endsssee|s tsetse 1 7, 000 1, 500 357 | 52, 600
ee ease aoe beet pasos aad 1 3, 500 900 60 3, 000
19 588. 83 | 45, 850 | 10, 305 15 7 31,300 | 3,700 | 1,474 | 123,510
Fanicen|emsscwisca= |v aeieelsicie| ocameierlcemtecal aete Snedoae edcanee Smossodk 49 3, 025
210 | 12, 250
13 975
| | 58 | 2, 800
8 | 062909) 4200) | al SU Og | Ramee meer ees | eet Jews secine 8 965
15 448. 83 3, 500 750 107 | 11,005
Pe nAicd 2a5 Sonos aa| HOoRon as Heonoae aosaae besdsctos ese eme tol leseocoad 11 170
page or|joesesascos|Seesss allooonesceonoecolloonooasesdleseccoedboncsont 118 3, 560
Boones |lSeopesasee 12,400 | 2,100 508 | 40,195
5 OS (98 US 80s) 4A OLON | Soe || eeemeteict-rel seer Soe eeiacceee 130 5, 075
Reser] pp oncesens Acerassellascortcd case sallocoostissec Ibosoamrc| Soccutsce 4 250
2 IV (BUBI a Rae SUL Ne aed (Ne Eee eemameeece lSeecaene se sconcalsonceel bGoutes<
Boe Aoe| Pomscocous | Scbothse|losadsen-sbaceclipcees5ssod|Hasosae-llosacases 6) 120
sane salvis'sseanewe lnc ciesisch seeeaes | eesese ses eres at| acceence|beeeeees 31 1, 015
eee Serer aoe 7,000 | 1,500 397 | 48,175
1 22.73 6, 000 1, 400 40 2, 750
33 | 1, 009.17 | 28,900 | 5,750 | 1,690 | 132, 330

/

PACIFIC COAST

FISHERIES.

261

Table showing by counties the apparatus and capital employed in the fisheries of Wash-
ington in 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892—Continued.

885 (112, 550

|

157

124, 700 |

Bs a9 =yeaeel Apparatus—shore fisheries.
Years and counties.) Seines and Value : Pound and <8 25
gill nets. Value of guns Gill nets. trap nets. Seines. Reef nets.
Lee canal R a blo anc —— . =
No. | Value.| }e8- | spears. | No. | Value. No. | Value. | No. | Value. | No. | Value.
1889.

a SE ea SASS ail ie aaa A ae ee 59 | $3,260] 28: |819,400 |: --:.|2-2-.0.-| aoc scene
(TPT a ie ee a Rg aa a) a eee 39 OBOE Sele Ii occas 6 |S ecce lass eee oe] eee eee
SLT RS Ee So See eel ee ee 200) 48) OF Salas tac) |ss--ow,s2| 52-55) nace eee eee ee
Jefferson .......-.. 1 Ser $75 STON eee ee eae iniee lace /ae| tees ms 2 $150) |; .-acle=senee
“Ty Se ee ee Se ee ee 630 | $1,400 | 108 2, 312 9 5, 500 2D: |; 12.300) |je5 cal eae

Mewilickitat .......... aerate J [Reta mote fh 25 375 2 800i |! -24.|3 4.2... hoe

BEIORN GCs. soon = |. Soa eS acecen (See eS ach 60 | 11, 650 91 | 61, 800 2 1,000), |n2222] eee

MIERUG INS one See aoe -|- coe eters = see e cil eeu ee| = oceel sere sc.ce 2, | 41:600.,|_.65, | 8,800) |o. eee
LETS Ee a a ee (Sea aa Genia oor 20 BOUL eminallaeseate hoes lee obese eee Pee
Wahkiakum.....--.|----. Kee cides [BSs5 Se nage sas 312 | 77,100 B, | 8, 2002] 31.1), 17,; 700. | aaeleeaeeee

Total ......-. 1| “75 | 700! 1,400 | 638 | 98,987 | 137 | 92,300 | 120 | 38,950 |.....|.......
—- = a re prem an | pe an ——————_ ———— | =—-- —

1890.
Chehalis ROW we ONO Tiere as lee merce cae cc cia dn ciel Aa cae ae
Clarke Gy] eV Rael ee ae | eae (eaten aces SALT
MAO WILItZ.2>--<..-- Bi BOP cae OUD) en aal| sete Secale cae ce ace lace apace
MEHOrson .. =~... 1 75 WOO eee Re eee ts cece (sams dlaeenein ee 2 A5ON eee ce tore
TS Rg gS ee 270 1,400 | 210 A000" |. a) seem a a 227 AON ZO0 Mn esol eee eae
0 OCETL CSTE) Shes Se ia RE AR eee Se a 25 375 2 SOO! es Poe eed a eee ae ooo
3 ae De ee emits peel cae see seiet 22 7, 500 68 | 54, 400 2 TO00" |2ececte canoes
Q BBNGG). — 5-23 wn wc'e Se eee ae WOO) Re Cate (eee |e Seon ke 2 1, 600 71 9. D0! |Scaasle eee

EERE INESET Er efoto yal et, orale nell eke cater estate aif ie. ba nia Gacy ie Serena oe 2 450) |occnclece ase
BAM ANIA.-...---<0- YS Oe) CAPES Seno aaeereeee 20 BOOP Eee ie eee Sec aoe <clle scree ee ore areal eee
Wahkiakum....... eae [et eee ae eee apn 306 | 77, 305 2 1, 400 oT 15, 400 seca lesen

Total ......-. 1| 75 | 490| 1,400 | 743 | 97,830 | 74 | 58,200 | 126 | 36,750 |.....|.....-.
1891. bt F Ga <del lock ca 2
ICED IR oer =a ais mietnin)l[sotabin liarots cisiermilieie’e ocierettami< ois minis Oa tamer: COU, lamcisklernaraaee clan clasistemis slice cee cetee
OLS CE Sa eee) Pe) eae oe (eee = aoe | eee Meee) eset Pe mere 2 PAU ie ee eee
BUN Oterrrctrecnieapeee cal ace ates |sew ceemlewece ects ASD | Gaul trastee|anemeret| sete e| 4 scenes eens esaeee
BR ener ce le eoctowe Sees ieee |S shea ae DPhp aed | ee revels etarerotera |e a, ate | iam ere oe femee earlote
MTTGTSON, (=) 5 asa5 5 =i it} 75 TSO GPS a a claarn Ee easels cere eesicme.e 2 15D), [eon a eteee
LON ae
Klickitat
AOAC en cote eines «3
METRO core) cclas.ca.c-s
San Juan
BRM ONG iain oan
Skamania 2
Wahkiakum:).5/..|-<c.|2si-.-- Lee oor ee hae a a 304 | 76, 905 5 3, 200 28. '|.15, 900-22 \egeeeee
ES 70s eee (ee Weegee ee] Eo sacs! 5 iene 20} 1,500 2] 3,000 6 | 2,100] 20; $1,000
Motel fe etiwiam = 1 75 ie 955 3,153 | 871 {112,137 | 118 |117, 200 | 153 | 46, 225 20 4 1, 000
1892. r : Boe ape Pe tees ‘ea

a Gill net.

262

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Table showing by counties the apparatus and capital employed in the fisheries of Wash-
ington in 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892—Continued.

Minor nets.| Wheels. velve Meine
Value C uns, | Value of | Total
Years and counties. of oe aroma shore | Raat invest-
: lines. ik har- | property. copy ee) ments
No. | Value.| No. | Value. oe poons,
hoes AG

1889.
(Blots) sea DISA Aa allaaenlleocecadloeosdlepacdoanalee snoned hoarstaclssaadoae $34, 000 $30, 000 $88, 150
Clallant sores secre eae eves |e a pip Gee a STOO IR re nee eee area 12, 000
@larke ete eee ere eee ena DA SAA OUO| eee Geers emer DENNY s-weobos 7, 675
Cowlitz cecnsnsesa|escss|baawetoe Peer alaemeaeee QML OO norteevcee ele eine 7,000 3, 000 17, 425
JOMeTSON ae. aee nee te Sel Noe secede actrees BOD | 25 eee | Cee ek DiOOON ie emoeie 5, 025
RN i arse te eter hl aie eal | eee alc ts el cist ere al eee a SOO illeeete~ sec 41, 500 45, 000 155, 507
Klickitat. o2-. ss. 15 $75 34) L500 I acerca: S| eae Sectoral er ene ree eee i eer ee 12, 890
IMPAS OM. = ates a ayaa ra inte tee ete [eel a eed coer a ATO eet sees 1, 000 5, 000 9, 732
IPA CHG seem rete | ate = | eae ec heeltns coe Peel ee nrateatnel|ye renee 80,400 | 134, 000 319, 314
IPACRCGE aja asia os cnet || Hays ate | eto wia nicer slots hee 90 11810) ee ee 5, 000 5, 000 24, 050
Skamaniatcacceeuse|seeee heen Be) MOPSCOM es oe tea cl stereos cis kt scte cee Aeneas Ira miexerereieee 10, 920
Mhurston =25<22s<e||soses Semeced| >see ee eeees oleceneneee 40 Mine haa ccliecese see ee one eerOee 1, 040
Wrahkialam. soe. el sacs tase scale eo ol ie seine [eae eee RR oe Ree 190, 550 239, 000 597, 250
Rotalee secs. 15 75 9 | 26,000 3, 320 392 1, 050 363, 450 461,000 | 1, 261, 078

1890.
Chehalis....... sata PH000S Seeks ce eee 5, 350
Clallamessasceseee sees clconece lc Beebe eee cole SBOE ee oe Ob Onlneseeee el eee 12, 150
Clarketeiecciceecas 2 000m eee eeecce 8, 300
Cowlitz... ..506,-05. 7, 000 3, 000 19, 830
J etferson 2-000 sistent eee 5, 100
Gin cosas 44, 000 28, 000 124, 505
ARGC ciiteat paar see Se |) 90 4] aH GLU 5 OQ sue Seer Rpm ee el eae 07 ll ee el | eR 12, 905
IMagGNcesenaas acces 1, 000 5, 000 9, 732
IPACihOlescencnsaeue 55, 400 114, 000 259, 150
IPIGECO se eee nae anaeeee 5, 000 5, 000 27, 820
San Juan TUE Ss 5 ae ccmer: 1, 700
S Kamat as sat ce5 oe hace cet seers all endl | oo) OD in| esnee econ cere | reer tee terete ie nse ear te ne 33, 420
SAAT LOM Share aie a nsec atl ese splits coral hottrecte are ol perro al me ALI Seok ope aya lec rece | ea 1, 040
Wahkiakum 189, 880 250, 000° 596, 685
Total 308, 280 405,000 | 1, 117, 687

1891.
@heh aligns 2252s 2.4 anace| esassce meee ace pa doe atayee al lomic Seceesee eae ee OOOH ere aeeee 5, 350
CONST a a Bk eS oN aE ee De 875 AOD OM seen ts eee iaer ee 20, 183
CORCNTE CL RES ieee st SSA PO Dil SAOOO! | arn Pace eset aes eee ee ee re 20007 eam seer 7, 850
(Che De Aaa ek pe gm ae US ee PE 2HGGO Ul Kae caaecee ae 7, 000 6, 000 21, 585
POMETSOD ass ee eee ee ea ea ae a) QODi4| Le aoe hae ee eee PL OO0S eae eeine 6, 340
REET Oe yay tere ea cal ee esie| here ellis nell ewes sere BOS soseee lanes 42, 000 45, 000 156, 972
RAVokitaheeneees PE estes [Pay NOG) yeaa call Goes ae TS Srigtes | ae aS al aha 22, 970
DS LEYS ey Se ae (el Hg eg Ae Lan No 43 172 1, 000 5, 000 9, 775
dL EEE O) WG VOSS ch SS INT eo I tT La ae 2 Ce? 3 LOOT ance 140, 650 177, 000 494, 197
IPH OTCO aes ee cceal| | cle Lsamanteel| ct see Cea 96 BDU emcees 25, 000 20, 000 65, 956
Bee aD fb ae see Ved (Lea Pe ee ae eS PN es L000 8 Selec cee 1, 700
Skea eit yee ss epek cna TMS RS TERI SE al eee SW a Se ie lier ae 5, 500 5, 000 28, 200
Skamaniancceseoss | seen eee ain Tal O 500M tees coeee eect scien exes | Pree eee 19, 920
eae ehataralahain [Sree cte eee 1, 060
190, 400 207, 000 554, 505
25,000 | 30, 000 70, 000
449, 550 495, 000 | 1, 486, 563

1892.
Chehalis 30, 000 44, 985
COLEUS 7a Agee eerie |r] |e RNS | | SR HY ohn SIT NCAA [eeememrs I SBS Gh) Ns & 22 Core eae, 3 eek 26, 447
Clarke roses se zscc al haces seme ae-e | 1B al OO OOO ME errserecs | Cretcca cen aes seed teem OU Omens er eee 9,975
Cowlitz 6, 000 Pyrat hits)
OMETES OMe crore sex a2 =| pare ote eel ke ren eT nee EI peseeere s s| ep | ene 20) () Cpe en 9, 860
LG? ASeB he eee 50, 000 196, 725
OM CkaGabess saeciaae|| (2201) > LOOMS eG CBS OOO yt ke rreeeyees |e eee eae enereean | errant epic |i Secu ene 24, 480
MSOMS sarees a1 5, 000 9, 732
JERYOVIOs Se soRCeeenee 213, 000 555, 895
IPABTCO Sete esas ae ae 25, 000 91, 608
PS FUEMCOI ULAR Te ait tcterctc esa wise l lcm weet LA mrepcecie | Rape Ns re eee I Stee | ee ai | TO CC). OI] eae ee 1, 700
SEAQPIbt 2 s.c. e2-e< 5, 000 28, 500
MSRM ANITA sre, cise ates) cose icsete avn aft oS Ts OO | peepee tee eet ae gape 21, 420
Thurston Be Oe eee 1, 055
AWE ers 1h geet cneneaen Pees [rae enor Ieee i |G Se a NE erie ees 2 Ae 147,500 | 172, 000 452, 130
BVH COM ee os sisal yo ac Scere ce | a | a er | eee 30, 000 40, 000 96, 280
Lotaliescccsae 20 100 17 | 49,000 | 4,065 3,505 1,700 | 417,800 546, 000 | 1, 593, 567

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 263
a]
\ Table showing by counties and species the yield of the fisheries of Washington in 1889.
’ Chehalis. Clallam. Clarke. Cowlitz.
’ Species. = =
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. |} Value.| Pounds.| Value. | Pounds. | Value.
BBMNEOICSOUINON cen cee ooh sacral eis |oicte ace welissavactenc|saccacas 51,750 | $1, 737 13, 000 $390
Chinook salmon. ......-.--. MAORGS OMB Seda Os VS 25 Se eesti aratats 30,200 | 1,310 81, 000 3, 240
LV DEIG NERS Die egies Met Be RI eet uke is $30,000" |[S2\ B00) |:doc2-snelee oe aclaeee ences neater
SCS ee |e ee (ee ee 4 O27 eel eA seed Sars Al Beam meee EET a8
MEI fo ote re oben sot seal ena des as 300) 000) | 4.500. ee ee ee ee ee eee
BO HACK AAIMON 2255-01222 wieroe |onesoe == 39,000) | a. SLO) nore2s Cs. Soe et eesee ee en eteeeneme
BISA Dc sale eck temo ea| cemcde wate] s.ctak eve &-5 6COOOO' | eh G50) toro ck etal here c cite ace ec cha eet
Silver salmon ...........- 1, 282,200 | 32, 044 pete Ua eee oh | eet al es Sh 26, 675 667
| ENP GIRS Grey 1 Be se eel Bec enS Hae Spoenmce 8, 920 263 42, 325 1, 148
INR tes Sac Ses Bis oe Se Bes SR od] See Croats nSee cies Bese nee 218, 985 2, 300
BETIS ste ons = xin Sriele neo amas 2 o's aia w.ce son owes om 800) 22 ssc08522/25-5--6-lec cee. ceceeeeeeee
BROAD Sa caicias’s sisters 2,367,275 | 53,745 | 663,000 | 13,920 90,870 | 3,310 | 381,985 7, 740
Jefferson. King. Klickitat. Mason. Pacific.
Species. =
Pounds. Value.| Pounds. Value. Pounds.| Value.| Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
PMOHAOK SALMON -|-c0c s coin |e tie se eels een es Secs ae SITA Rar SOR |oo. eo ete bees 111,850 | $5, 586
eeeehimook salmon --.|---..=--|.--.--- 80,248 |$1, 828 |112,925 | 3, 667 |......-..]-----.-- 1,632,953 | 71, 569
aha ao Pa eee ee nee ae POT U S 8 i e o oencteodl (Oper fre emotes Gree
Cultus-cod.......-- 24,000 | $600 8,000 NGO} eae cote ara oa etal eeot ef etetate| bom steno soon ee memes
Dog salmon...----.- 4, 000 EHD PARI (RA eT eee Roa eaemer cl Serpe Ball = See ee Sts be
PRN OES yin oss .0- sc - Sota ellaccnite= 25,000 SIU [erateea revere |e ce ia oll ieee tate sic choy as | ere cantata | coer
RUN ai =~ ais o3 = = = GLSD0G L420) seh CUO) S8GQ0"| sean tien oan cosa Meh sedan ee sicie.- ss cieeee cas aeeemem
ARN om wiwie =~ =e 15, 000 300 35,000 Hogi|ssccuwes| ecco ec selase -ocu ch eaacnc oclowcses oeteltaeemen
Humpback salmon.|........|....---. TEI NP Or BSR econere! (bec ae es eeceoce) Caceres SR 7
OUT Se See ee Rees! ie Bee 23,000 ZY RS oe Geog ot Saeee eesotes| Pao Seo.
TERRES) DRT Fe] 8 aR EAN ines et He einen (iran eS aaa 14,125| 1,412
Silver salmon..-..-. 14, 000 580 |1,086,960 29, 950
CC) 25, 000 750 SBE UD t/a aoe Berean OSeeae a4 ce eeree Seeeotmd [Roce 6a
Steelhead salmon -.|.....-.-.|-.----- 90,570 7, 544
THT QR SE SC RINE RS EES eS eee 14200"), ~GOO: tet. 5 Sse alisicmicine cece sc oa ne |ooaccs ckllemasvos we |e amener
Oe el eee | eee TOSTOOOh fe S9005|2 25-225 eoocen | cece os acloas accom le yomenlece ll eeeeree
OT SRS Sop [Sees BS boson, Secccos pecmocces 81, 804
© Te Se CHIS) is oe aa ee ae eed pil ad 0 eee el ees ae le a ened (ne (ENE We AES
JUD) Soe Pes Reeebed Gaeenead heesene PUG EOO MM chy U8 erereceretace| erase roiay =| ere a eter ee ere ee || ere te
Total an=saaa- 143, 000 | 3,730 |2,385,352 |72, 300 (335, 617 |10, 727 |1,500,000 | 37, 500 /8,817,848 |197, 865
Pierce Skamania. Thurston. Wahkiakum. Total.
Species.
Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. | Value. Lbs. | Value.
Blueback salmon ..|.........|..----- 183:315,|.$5,448'|o-.020|s000--: 7,460| $373} 490,192 | $19,427
Chinook salmon -.-; 15,980] $480} 99,275| 4,001|.......]....-... 7,070,100 | 348,117 |10, 207,756 | 455,913
TURE LB Sa el SES Reese | esaped eee cod besee a. Ntoceraan he ccerae 80,000; 2,800
Cultus-cod......... Giese OG e210 |e ee Sen ees TR RN ASE ak AN ec 267,000 | 5,360
Dog salmon......-- 72,870 (PRE AEA pepe eae beesc es) oft cee. be speecnd eanocree 413,327| 4,189
Plounders ......... 80,000 105,000 | 1,700
SasOID SS 3.- Joaa= a5 4,000 685,000 | 15,640
ee 165,000 215,000} 2,475
Humpback salmon.| 98,615 322,392 | 5,615
IEEE Nactce <a (oetoae s|oezcan 23,000} 460
mockfish........--. 42,000 102,000 2,910
cL eee 1,000 ; 21,010} 2,055
Silver salmon. ..--- 2ST 595 |G 200i osc eet ea aoe opeee ean telee tomer eclon ees soe 4,020,815 | 86,944
BmelGscsse ers -. oc: 14500051 DelG5: Vrs abs eo ee rer a ieee ee ee xe oe at oe 203,000} 3,750
Steelhead salmon..}......:..| ------| 5,010 POD) S55) 2 oaisea 553,590 | 16,607| 962,805 | 27,884
BUPODN isis = col one cess [Paces s POS eH ree rad bce bed CRC ne Copnrrint.| MEer Cre 218,985} 2,300
Trout, black-spot-
LES Sao TAU 0 ie OU ee ec Cee aor Seertie Porc 12,000 1,800
Trout, salmon. -.--- 13,000 BOO 2 se ee cowaseelsocee so |e ee a 13,000 390
nS StS cok S000: - 20, |e sei Soon else 22,400 840
0) 1,500 CUE Pec eee eee ee (ee 1,500 300
Te BB0;000'| 27750) seco eels coaches noes te 438,000} 3,€50
Oysters ............ 360/000 | 7,500|........|...-.-. 78,000 | $1,800 7,547,400 | 128,604
PEt oe ak oe She sates sae eke este eee seca naa hiewsonc acedseidlecweeesehlacccedss|oeeveceenis 800
EE AGGIES 855 « oou.<.5.0) rose gis «| viv nias:c WARE eM tae enone & llasetdedllacisteite dixie ccdseace|ee ese cae 30,190
Nae Sets 25> le MO tk lee te eae ass fscstacc|sceatell | oases sacle c ccc ces 7,500 | 3,000
Dogfish oil......... OR OU) |: deoou meeee oe ties ae clara. < | toemeee | eee st Toes Pek. 28,500} 1,330
Rotal o.20--23 1,770,000 | 32,370 | 237,600 | 9,634 | 78,000} 1,800 |7,637,035 | 365,685 |26,407,582 | 10,328
N >

.

264. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Table showing by counties and species the yield of the fisheries of Washington in 1890.

Chehalis. | Clallam. Clarke. Cowlitz. Jefferson.
Species: 04 |= =3 se ee =
Pounds. | Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. | Pounds. | Value. Pounds. Value.
|
iBliepack salmon! 2 ee eceereee eee Perera | Peak | 152,170 |$3,055 |; 20,000 | $700 |........ |
Chinook’salmon’ . ~.|' 75,000) ($1875 |os-- =o al ee cee | 70, 300 | 2) 259) | 137,000) 5, 480"\2 2... ee
@ulltas-cod 222-4 lpeeeeeel eee (A200; O00N $2 ;so0n ees aeen ee sees. meets emacs 28, 000 $710
Moorsalmone ee eaees eee see eee 637800) i etiouleeeece== jEsazoodlsecs soasalocacd ce 6, 000 120
Halibut! s-- == see Joceocerelloopeciae 280,000") 4,200) 5 acc] ase oes |e sieneeen|sheneoe 80,000 1,900
Herrin p< tie asce Reece | eee ee eee ees ee ee |Heceensbe|lecsinona| sobosangs|lessasce 17, 000 340
Rockfish Bet eee S| STERN CRIS 65;000 4) W725) [em atss Ses on ems o/s cee ace eieeis c | seleeen eee
Silver salmon. ----- | 150, 000 | 3, 750 | 96 200 ss O00 teks teeta eee eee 37, 150 743 | 16,000 680
Smelt. . 22555 ee os tte EES SB nn oecal ee el Oe meerere el cee Sees ae ene ee eee 20, 000 600
SLselheadssalmon.s-|= eee o select cette emer alee eee 24, 680 247 7058500) 5 iT ene aciene eee
SUMP ICOM Ren Aes erase sec rod [Game eee ee alle lee eemee nel leaner 255, 2638) |((2) 87s aoezece = 5 eee
RVs DaleSe ete nrc tee eet etal mele Sees aes GOO SSE sora celia io-2fs lope ne eee eeeremene |oacentels oxceeeee
Notalieaess--e 225, 000 | 5,625 | 625,000 /13, 150 | 252,150 | 5, 561 | 520, 263 |11, 511 |167, 000 ; 4,350
King. ‘Giekitat. | Mason. Pacific. Pierce.
Species. | ;
Pounds.| Value. Pounds, Value.| Pounds. Value.' Pounds.) Value.) Pounds.| Value.
IBIACK=COMG she = sotsa| etna teresa oe oe tesa helyeiaby) | FA OEM asecedsoalleeeee= 213,515 | $4,270 4,700 $141
Bitieback-salmoyioee |seeese se | eee QL 2 FAT ONT ROS D aE ee ees steel teint 2, 119 O75 631602) |2 -o cn =| eee
Chincokssalmon 5 51/932793/ G2 G86)| eee |e meet |e tesepeaee| eee he Tc mn sean nae 38,390} 1,152
Cultus-cod.-.-..---- 11,000 220) Barer | eee Ne a al RE Sel 117,000; 2,340
Dog salmon......-- 745,485 | 5,899 |........|.------ VSL SR i Ter Oe ae [ee Sans 103,488} 1,034
HMloumders 2. ..2.-- 49, 000 G80 noes |e Sed eee eee ae eae 85,000! 1,275
Halibuteso-00.2 177#000)|)15431 0) |Seeeeeese eee Hae Sa eS Me See 203,000) 5,340
Herring ........--- 70;000)| 1050) |osieuane| Geen (aE ta IOI Peres | ta 170,000} 1,700
(Porchietec sa cuee. 3450001 es SR0) teens asl eeesee ae Ss 2 ee eee dR el DAE el cic. -
ROG Shae toenail eee cee eee eee eal eeeeere [Se ciate cee sec sete ots! Saccuee 45,000} 1,350
Ditadeseseasteceass seats es s/he et poem eerie tees sescte oe 26,125 | 2,090 9,237 724
Silver salmon.....- 719,700 | 13,952 42,000 68245! ojo ee pease seas sees 358,122! 7,814
Smelteseee ean aes 66,000} 1,650 |.........]< FE SORES F, EENERE S peere |oee e 150,000 | 2,250
Steelhead salmon..| 172,460} 3,449 | 117,875] 1,733 |.........}.....--| 412,430): 4)123 02222 Se | ome
Trout, black-spot- D |
(ert See Eee Oi ee Peg ER LE =e Oil ee ae feeds eBags 255 5 fos: 15,000} 2,700
rout salmomes-ne)so-eecore aoe enee Poeseise Nese [he Md hear rt aie Set oped Phar igi eal eee 15,000 450
Crapsiee eee eae: 38;400)| GOO) Reeeeaesl pence: PERE eae AIRS ot no era eee Sl ce ae 10,000 800
Shrimp cean se ses ee kevee sal seme aale eee e eee ete poeey tombe Nan cdl ceemene alee ee 1,475 295
Glamswesee es | S44 O00 1/1 7O0H 5 nee ran se Saeco vet ee all a ene eee 420,000} 3,500
caters ss tebe se aE ee ae BR eae ee i’ 524,000 $38,100 6,898,200 100,598 390, 000; 7,312
norsealaye se Cn se POSEUDM Ceataasaleasesee| See easard Noses Sor||scceascaa|ecoooS se asccectd|-seosn-
TERA tena ACOH Hy ied Se ee oe pate ieee oa 8 [ee cieitiall nee sas call eee ty Mena
Wogtshoills) sc s/s ee eee |e Ue be p|lsee see c| tec catia aera Sac steye | ee a meee beac 30,000 | 1,400
(ee —_ & Ss J
Rotali-2.: 2. |2,401,651 102,607) 729,820 | 17,859 Papers 000 | 38, 100 ha 670,245 ee 683 2,165,412 | 41,077
San J uan. Skamania Thurston. Wahkiakum. | Total.
Species. = SSS |}
Lbs. |Value.| Lbs Value.| Lbs. Value.) Lbs. |Value.. Lbs. | Value.
PS RCk= COUR aes nas |seranseal cen ecrl locate. learns lee cssiece|l amc costello ae ersete ie 4,700 $141
Blueback salmon ..).....--. Pa sumee | 684,745 | $20,442 |.......|...---- 59,135 $1,178 1,487,100 | 39,558
Chinook salmon...|.......- Pome 518,675 | 16, 5G0;|2-2.( eles 6,276,800 193,188 9,547,343 | 291,333
Cultus-cod.---...- 276,000 | 5,620
Dog salmon 918,773 | 8,328
Flounders --....-- 134,000} 2,255
RET SUP UU Es ete ows chefs ot ctor ehcp epee | Deyo FaS aPE REE e ee Feveloe Peae seg 740,000 | 16,750
(lennin ieee sa - THO OOOH $1500 || aise aaa lee see a7) fem alec | D 407,000} 4,590
PROT CT tes aio Si Sis | ors ctads mye lle ere lhe te rere ee eee arene | ee | ee | gee Joe eee 44,000 880
MROCKA Seam sect ee es Sofa |r a APS ane Fs cal ene 2 a ae RR och Cd ed ep | ea 110,000} 3,075
Bela ey sass eer ote | 2 ee Sicpei| occa mil nye ac cetera ae. Seer ea ee orc eel eee 8,805 705 44,167} 3,519
Silvermsalmoms £2 Seale seco sate le See a elie cele ae | ee ete ene fae eae ee | ee 1,419,172 | 30,621
SHG LS ye Hae eae | Sete [PTR res aeeee aes eee eel aD tie ME |S ele ea 5 somes 236,000} 4,500
Steelhead salmon...|........|....-.- 29,080 (by Beene leeesnac 535,240 | 5,351- 1 1352, 615 17,372
SL EOM CS ceepeecd |soodeode|\squcsgs| eqoudocSElsEem-Scn booaded|soaged o|odoncon cn seansae "255, 263 | 2,871
Trout, black. spot- |
<r aR ree ak ren ening al een IRM Me lament Sa kN ea ha 15,000} 2,700
Pront,) Salmomnet022|-2ecace clones sc 4| sees ate Cantona neeaed Iseaeciea|oneoe bad lqanpeat 15, 000 450
48,400 1,900
1,475 295
| 624,000 | 5,200
; 5,800 | $1,920 8,889,000 |147,930
WWAoGR pene ct ela ve Ce ee es yaa teas el | Tah heat wl ial 2 aa A eR ee es eames 600
LO ENC EC) Eanes eee erie Pei amk ons Siena | ade Sea alec Ona ha sana see Wofese aya See 58,906
TNTROV E36 a app aeeia FaP em c SENOEN 8)S N LE ee oi le iat a | rete ee Nee a | 10,813) 4,325
DO BAS VO ee eee sce cea ted alle Sey ean [ares wll een tc i Cl | 30,000) 1,400
EO bellee eee 150,000 | 1,500 1,232,500, 36,754 | 76,800 | 1,920 |6,879,980 |200,422 26,619,821| 655,119

+
~~
a

*

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

265

Table showing by counties and species the yield of the fisheries of Washington in 1891.

} Chehalis. Clallam. Clarke. Cowlitz. Jefferson.
Species. = = - - ~ jo
Pounds. | Value.) Pounds. | Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds.) Value. Pounds. Value.
RR REA MNOS Hope va oie | om = wctoee'= oe c= | gece cee 53, 830 |$1,855 | 12,000 ge) Dine Ae ge ee
Chinook salmon ...} 60, 000 {$1,500 |.........)....... 35: 500'|(-1; 275) 182; 500) 1 Oh S00: eases sees ceeeee
MMIEER- COU ys: |L cacclonten| oe Saas LO O00 SOA TONtccccn deste ces|atteasene see ese 24, 000 $620
Po SENS ES ee eee Da AO aL AUG! [os sone cee Selene eel Oe eee 13, 000 260
ey al Sees ee ere 8,150 HOB [pct 226 SSS eRe ie Ee eee lee
UN inte AR Sel eee ee eee BUD AVOUMES, SOO. tress Mee eee eUleoeeeee eet eneenes 120,000 | 2,950
BEER Cee. the et ais so talons 0! 3 15, 0U0 WOO ase eon Rees Le Cee cokes L6, 000 320
| Humpback salmon.|......--.|------- SURERU Nh TOT eanemclcees ceuiee ee see cole ames | aca [ere
a (a JRA OOO STIS |e. 2. ts | ncad baled ceed wees See ee ee
| Silver salmon...-.- 130,000 } 3,150 | 103,980 | 3,163 }...-...-|....... 53,400 | 1,068 | 23,500 965
hilt spcte peeb bce ne SCEAS CHERRIES AR ep eel SUSE ea Sen [aaa ee sel ears ara Pee 22. 000 660
moteelhead salmon..|.-------.|---.---|---------|-----.- 9, 300 O54 682600!) A587) |se see os ae
EST 522 ak Beal ARSE cel eee ee ee ee ee eae ee eee 603) 327 |-5, 468 |. 22.02 eee
oS TRE See eS eee Ee I eee es eo BrAVO Sopa aetsale eee cdle ue eb eee tne <ciseleee ore eee
a OSTEO oo! (ee Ws Oeazcetstcc|t cece laces ete waloces => < | cou enel een
a ieee. | ope | moras | Kiherinis rr
- Total cess 190, 000 | 4,650 | 750,150 |33,040 | 98,630 | 3,384 | 719,827 |11,793 | 218,500 5; 775
8 King. | Klickitat. Mason. Pacific.
: Species. ; ' == : |
Pounds. | Value | Pounds. Value. Pounds. | Vaue.| Pounds. Valne.
ke | : 2 vans Pad.
Blueback salmon...|.......---.|....----- ELT STASEMS38S020 cose es ee eee ee 251, 750 45, O34
Chinook salmon. -. 146, 063 | $3,530 (AREER) PAU DRE Sec eerrrse fis aire = 5 x 3, 603, 300 136, 559
mOultus-cod.-.-...---- 12, 000 BOO Wee ack recess osercas Vee eer S| Aes ahs els Sept e nd
Dog salmon......-.. 861, 472 Gatgor Seis sseee se See esallnscece os sealss cea aekels coe s’-cs awe a eeeeaee
-Flounders ......... 70, 000 dey: Unt lapeemren mse meter ser (eeiee ce cee Peraerters one Sinn cn be mien ier meen
eialibut....2.. .... 207, 000 Grasonrlies ae ees ieee Eee Ree | ae Rael ee teeta pepe | oe ee Ce
merring............. 102, 000 1B {Ol Ease seta | eee || Receteese eed |e eer get Ie erm ssa POE fe
Humpback salmon.| 619, 416 CH Ta Sis eS i IR eh ad |g ge Ra Pe a bape Sad
NOTE fois bicielet= cia 5 60, 000 BAS ee oe AG te Be cai etree sia] Stel Seep eyes [cs tlt es etl Oe ae
dT aaa ei Slee eras ial DARE peed 5 a aa aes |e age nan 42, 180 2,531
‘Silver salmon...-.. 931,081 | 17, 220 ABMOnOM MI NOLO | ese ser. cae lonn ce coee 443, 000 4, 730
oa ine ae eee 75, 000 Ws of (a | cae a
Steelhead salmon ..}| 209, 320 4, 187 78, 314
as 57,600 | 2,400 |.....-..-.
Sr 270, 000 SHBOOh Wes Sesireaternc
NOLS oaeeara mee =o este wie me | eee ee = fn ees <i
PSE CS ee ee 45. Geos |e ee ao foe
See epee 8, 413 Oe OOO beg cciss ate ee
Total.....-.. 3, 629, 365 | 107,789 | 348,865 | 8.6474 1,560,000 | 39,000 | 12, 695, 419 | 260, 597
Pierce. San Juan. Skagit. Skamania.
: Species. =
Pounds. Value. | Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. |) Value.| Pounds. | Value.
Wilack-cod.............. 13, 500 $405 |......---- ego IS bag Et CENT ih Pile Se,
I ERER RU ON poe sas oa. a-ha aed olsen. aca | Som eeeae o| sca chase | cance etmenlpacec ee. 118,925 | $3,568
Chinook salmon......-. 56, 612 DOGOSs Seen anel on ek en nine ete spee asec 171, 875 5, 181
MTOM een tae spac |e. Sor cea laces SRS sanase sate ofan seae +4), 460) 0004) $3,400 |. .icececccle eee ees
Cultus-cod............. 132000" |) 2, G40 Wace te can poeta ee emcee bts sede sae tl aan seinen es lameee ets
Dog salmon...........- OL Ano |e SOTA ace Parle ooh ees|ncnsoncees|ocaseh nel ace. camel aeasemee
milounders = -....---.... PEbVOOO! |. edo eee eeeen sce Soe aoe eee [an cae on ane em ee eee
Jit B52 BOOT) Me BRIO | eee eee aes =o) 2 |e ow ao ea ae ee
i eC 75000 ars 1s 7oO te CORK OG Give, ONGU Es ck nb etsert ook oon cn nt us | ececeets
Humpback salmon..... CC 2 Epes ATS FS NS |S Sal RS ee ae) ( a te a age Fe aes
Gs DO; OUG) |(.. bt CA. emer een SEN ere cere Se ena ke ae Oe eS ee
eS TOU hy coe bil leone ae |S eee lek nm nope sie ci'aassl samen bree ofana she ete
Silver salmon.....-..-.. SpOs3O4a ll eT. 1G cor ne hee ne Ra ec ueee iney oR Ss Sel hs
oo po ees U7 O00 | eet Oli eae ce ee | eee) Oi cnr eee Ry on om ee eee ett
Steelhead salmon......|......-...--. | 1, 950
Trout, black-spotted. . 16. O00: ame eineO | ereeet ae Beta le ett) Soe ale ot ache ule a eee
Trout, salmon...---..-- TET N10) ne UE FIG? Ne Be al ea a ere (Oe FE eee Pe ed Pe ee [ae a,
oa eee i: OOO! | Prema ntabtea eat e We Sth tae Te OE dey ga ck PS oe a comb
oo ee TORTS mel yh Te: 2771] ee RR Pr) (Se Pt ee Pee amc [eaiecenemanete Re. (uty ene Se
BTS, 2 BGS re coeds an CTR Dp BOTT EGS Boe RN ind BN ee Shc lect erin LR os EA
BRUAGOLS Jbs.26 ss s0ces A204 O00: eee ah ekon leet. Bom Sel ate eal bere e acai aban oso Note cede ht amante
ETERS ee es te ate ie arto ae a eee ela aon boa dosing: Ione eae allb GO GUO |ooameticeus|ndeanaate
MoFtish oil..2....--... 33, 750 [ooseceesceleessrece ceeeeeeseefeeeer ees
Rotel ssa sh os! b ee 2,582,362 | 48,772 | 200,000! 2,00 | 85, 000 | 13,000 | 357,810 | 10, 699
| i

266 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Table showing by counties and species the yield of the fisheries of Washington in 1891— —
Continued.
Thurston. Wahkiakum. Whatcom. Total.
Species. —
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.) Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.

IB EYGL C0 Raeesoson soc) eococcmaao| hoops st osreseecgucltasbsdac tone ace celiomccees 13, 500 $405
‘Blneback(salmonics----|s-cececsae|acese= se 38, 820 | $1,165 | 522,760 |$11,202 | 1,145,858 | 26,764
Chinookssalmoni- 3.2 sc|aasceecees|tser eee 5;493°975) 1203. O19 52 csetae se eas coee: 9, 723, 673 | 358, 123
CadW salted balsas 42-<2|Saeseesee saa sesee| sane SemobSea|soacaood |seobubecedlicceuace 85, 000 3, 400
Gultiis-code eos sass sees ee ce |e se ees eewe se eer el heaeer ele ec cee a | seesmene 283, 000 5, 835
OG /e SUE rGT o 5 oop o) Boccoe pe c|acooo sac posesecesose|pnoos sed Secsocsaed||oososee 1, 021, 051 9, 066
SOUS 01 Cheep Re a eee ea 3 IGN Sb TR al tae es eee ee lnk ead 193,150 | 3,288
Tali Ut ceteris Sell Mee eee eal myo Seka a apa HORT One pd LE, tna | Ee le 994,500 | 23, 620
lela ote nae ee See Bere eocar a Ceereeen Seeeeeacoae tcc csc GEacooecaltetcccms 4 508, 000 5, 750
Humpbacksalmonas)=5|s20sceosse| cence ss |psosseeeaee elle neee ns acereeneen lates sees 752,941 | 11,957
Barone bisa sei hath |eemeaiy rn aluaiec | Wale: pe eRe epee Sema pi) 5 fener | super 60,000 | 1,500
Rocks hi. 2255.4 seses | seen eee se seaces| saoneos te ene Series 2s masse eee oe aaa eee 150, 000 4,275
Shades see si ssscaes saater qemeca ace |sscece ee 1637085 | el S002) aes sealer 59, 900 3, 590
Silversalmons: so0-5 028 |oocececetaldcwssceal oases nae eanicees 103, 125 1, 100 2, 193, 320 39,552
Smel bese sae aes iaiet [eee as tine|Secenls asl soe smeeeee ineeace ce eetcice nea leeeeees 272, 000 5, 160 .
Stealhead'!salmon sss. s4|-asessse-6| Seances 428 L705] tS) |p nese 24) eee 1, 325, 423 | 24, 279
Sturgeon ss. 55.2252. 5 se |Soesee soc e|Peteeeesles eee tes a /soeeee oalbeeeecesesneomes ae 503, 327 5, 468
Trout: /black-spotted!s<=|2225-4252|o2=s2 cos aceseetscon ac |MSe cen cie| sete aomreel eee 16, 000 2, 880
PR OUUb Sal OOM = 2:8 sas | Ser ols Scere he wiatsw ie a hs iajarata mea tear | ate ecient biene eee emia eetete 18, 000 540
Crsis2.fessece satssccec secs ance clseas ae clnscesies scion |e ciaclees | seecegccse|cmeeceer 69, 600 2,760
Siniviny i soc cocg cogone Poser ceecod paesdocc|osescecdaos. |Pnone saa poscoapeas|bondec ae 1, 800 450
Clams Fes cie coe esctasse |e semens soe) coches ss lsosoecescees| secacces| aa scese aes |eeeeemiee 736, 800 6, 140
Oysters tee eee ee P15, 200") $2,880 |Pscc2ccsonee|-cct~ sce} stascee ee leceecaes 9, 985, 680 | 154, 961
SVQ EY Pe ee | Ra Tne 5] CAR | |e ee See a ae | | ae eee al ee eee on inc 2, 400
Bea Se oes aes 2 os alc Bae epeshcreta =| Roe ee See cree Se eee | ieee | ee 70,179
1D OF hase SS ah ie eae KE ee || Regence Oe ee ea a [GR eae oe 8 (Pp ata aS Ce aed 8, 413 3, 365
ID Gye TLC ee SS a Ge eed eeeeer nee ceed ecrc aSsorCecasecl Beebe cea leeaosnonltoeceace 33, 750 1,575

Opals ete reales 115, 200 2, 880 5, 977, 673 |212, 954 625, 885 | 12,302 | 30, 154, 686 | 777, 282

Table showing by counties and species the yield of the fisheries of Washington in 1892.

Chehalis. Clallam. Clarke. Cowlitz. Jefferson.
Species.
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds.| Value.) Pounds.| Value. Pounds.| Value.|Pounds. Value.
1

Bineback salmon'<|csemcaces|> ese an |= s\csermrerecleeeciser 162, 500 |$4,875 | 15,000 | $450 |.-......].......
Chinook salmon...} 398, 738 |$7, 043 |.........|....-.- 65, 825 || 2, 245, |110:,000) || 4,400: 2. 2-2 ee eee
Cuilttrs-cod) ils. 2e%2| |. 2 ss eee eee ee 1195 00051$2::845 |Pocecemteslesc ces olemee eee seca 96,000 | $1, 590
Dug salmon. ....--. 322, 000 | 1, 610 937 G90" "sl | SOD ee ene | eae ace See | eee By 4, 000 80
Hildumaders.232 12-0 2 | "eee ewes seer 12, 400 248 rete ees. tases ccleosocaseleeee csc eaceeees eee
MEMS Otis ate sisi rssein einte atatas lateteneiat 359) :00031 6; 135) |= 2 toc ce 4 | sees: ac eeeee | meee ee 355, 000 6, 950
13 (ou eee eee amen pee re 25, 000 OO S| ernicte aioe | seein eee eee eco 12, 000 240
ROCKS Deas. al| Woe ae en Pesce tie L237000!:| *BPBLG A Sococcwiaica| So cae al dec caios |Boneoee eee ee
Silver salmon..---- TOM ATA Tse3OT | logsed Oi als Semeccees Meee 27, 600 552 | 11,000 470
Smelt 2. 2399835 .5- |ies a: seed oe cheeatee cdl nee alee eee tee ae el eagens |e 23, 000 690
Steelhead salnronte seseeeeaaa secceee lseeneeeaaleecenes 35, 400 972 | 49, 400 863i 52ccectal eee
DUNE SEO a eee asec 38, 000 IK) Bampcaenal teossad |sosencoscllosoaos. 505, (623) 5,,507, |essoeee|aeeeeee
Wiihalestssea seco en sce ces sama lesen aes 600 |i. Saessec]e oe
HUTEB CALS oe a ccrelaone cece sae LOS 2B Njecaseline

otalii=s-. so: 1, 510, 215 |22, 240 | 884, 400 |38,150 | 263,725 | 8,092 |707, 623 |11, 832 |501,000 | 10, 020

King. Klickitat. Mason Pacific.
Species. =
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pounds Value Pounds. | Value.

iBlirebackesalmons.|sceecos-- ee Soe B19) 952 1 5$8, 306" |Sasec pee emealeneee cel 943,975 | $18, 970
Chinook salmon ... 145, 384 | | $4,136) | 144,855 |): 4-149) s. 2.2 eee se cee 3, 456, 775 | 136, 118
Cods salted 222: 222k - 175, 000 ;
Cultus-cod......-.. 16, 000
Dog salmon........ 1, 916, 220
Flounders .......-. 72, 160
HHalibuties= <2. see en 348, 000
EV@reTaN Oye = 2 ee 105, 112
IPBLC Dees seen cea 65, 140
Shade esses cos lise t eaten sleet etl ears tee oe | ee Se eee |e ee een ge 62, 400 1, 872
Silver salmon...... 1, 268,614 | 22, 651 73, 054 16834) Se esseccee melon cckeee. 756, 000 7, 560
Melba) eee cs so ene 98, 726 25468 Vo sehr ccell see yaks hae Seton 2 Se eh Clie 2 ee
Steeithead salmon .. 261, 142 5, 222 280, 870 7 A Se) Eo areRrerc Grae cee 790, 130 11, 924
Grapsssee. ses. ee! 60, 000 200" 2s es | Pee ee ee | Betas | encore a 9, 000 750
WOVSUCE SS times eh ah a[ eae eae ee] ier eee er ence | ar aa 1, 576, 800 | $32,850 | 7,588,440 | 101,179
(OMIT) Seeeseeeeeee 300, 000 7183) Beas SESE al Ino eSoacoae Bo Bre ctor lmoccsoccoceliettcoone
PES GALS 22/92. raal| iene one ate 98) 50D esse ese | Sead | reise eat eae series | oes eee eel |e meee
SHO SS erers escarole 13, 125 (250 (eee sess Seialll as eee S| Sad gaia ee ie elt cae tere eae eee ro eee |

otal eee oe. 4, 844, 623 | 177,653 | 818,731 | 19,071 | 1,567,800 | 382, 85C | 13, 809, 720 | 279, 388

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

267

Table showing by counties and species the yield of Washington fisheries in 1892—Cont’d.

; Pierce. | San Juan. Skagit. Skamania.
; Species. =
Pounds. | Value.! Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
mlack-Cod....---.------ TB OOON Mr SHOU so ctears fa. |eciteatisal\ie ace ncwtletemneanlememedetessslsaemoeate
BIB DAC K-SAlMODy acc =| sean neas lances = 432, 280 | $12, 968
Chinook salmon.....--- 140, 400 257, 400 7, 762
EN Se ee eens) ace cer
multus-cod..........-.- 128, 000
Mog salmon............ 165, 880
BINGEN... ccc anienen am ~ 100, 000
BU tisaas caer cern e cs om 348, 000
CPT too olvicalstieisierc' e's 225, 000
40, 000
1, 100
393, 340
200, 000
20, 000
20, 000
10, 000
2, 000
598, 200
384, 000 |
MP ROQIG’. 0 oe cin eso -|atssaisiccecas
Mogtish oil.........---- 37, 500
AUT (RS Se a 2, 828,420 | 51, 808 250,000 | 2,500 364, 000 | 18, 340 1, 072, 870 29, 151
Thurston. Wahkiakum. Whatcom. Total.
Species. a
Pounds. |Value.| Pounds. | Vaiue. | Pounds. | Valne.| Pounds. | Value.
ACU anes Seles tee ateG| asad ata cla Sanmene qallle seek Setar s eirem es cee qos 15, 000 $450
Blueback salmon .. .| 366,000 | $10,986 | 274,225 | $5,876 | 2,513,932 | 62, 421
Chinook salmon ... Dla 250). (CLS ade) | cactes weweict ates <s 9, 843, 627 | 363, 363
Cod, salted 539,000 | 21,560
maltus-cod......--..--- 359, 000 6, 875
Dog salmon.........--- 3,310,115 | 22,190
milounders ~..-..-....--- 184, 560 3,191
Bpahtities cit on252- - 1,410,500 | 29,140
BHU S SSBB Sooceer 617, 112 6, 817
IS oe ee 65,140 | 1,303
BERICHS D2 oe ooa'ca:s-a'cim ac 163, 000 4,515
arte CR ee 2 2 103,350 | 3,183
Silver salmon........-.- 3,597,345 | 60,143
TOG senses oe acne 321, 726 6, 158
Steelhead salmon ...... 2,419,192 | 43,419
BILE OOM. Be aise <5 2 2 543, 623 5, 757
Trout, black-spotted. -. 20, 000 3, 600
Trout, salmon..-........ 20, 000 600
Pras. 205-5. 79, 000 3, 550
Bern p) © scc~~ es 2, 000 500
BEMNEBLN coe cis sa saca Ses 9, 895, 440 | 147,995
LOM ae SS ee ae eee eee eee 684, 000 5, 700
EOP tera eee ee eee ton ae. hin |eys aces Catenion Sere ee ccans secs csleeccar oslsaescecescee 600
oS BGR Lea SACRE S52 | ea | | ee See ne ee he eee eee (eee See 121, 528
JERE SE RSA SEAS 13, 125 5, 250
ULE EE CTI 2 AS eas emnoeet aer 37, 500 1, 750
Motalieestecsasc.- 132,000 | 2,750 | 6,149, 160 | 216, 624 | 1, 044, 000 11, 099 | 36, 757, 287 | 931,568

Table showing by counties, species, and apparatus of capture the yield of vessel fisheries
of Washington in 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892.

Seines and

Guns and

Lines. z Total.
li nets. spears.
Year.| Counties. Species. eas woe
Lbs. |Value.!| Lbs. |Value.| No. | Value.| Lbs. /Value.
1889..| Jefferson ...| Cultus-cod....-..- CTA UO OME CT ge eae SE eee ee 5, 000 $100
(DGMNRINOT. s..cen| Uae let b ae 4,000 Ll | eee eS = ae 4, 000 80
Halfbut.......... OEPECN TE FRRRA 5] 10 ance al ES (ERY Ve a 20, 000 600
nab aie esi che, 8, 000 280
ee ee ---|_ 37,000 | 1,060
nue Rony on | Cod malted: >-~--.|' S01000)| 2/800) |p snauek|ss-coea|-acsea|boacncs. 80,000 | 2, 800
Wexabeeleasacelpecen se. 8, 000 160
peeaoahl Aad oot ee mae 320,000 | 9, 600
ay BF: (BOO, 190! < cece ws 30, 190
etneninneiaheenane) (ed ee et ee Se EE et
Motel ssc es 408, O00) 12 060 |ccncculeocec=c 2,875 | 30,190 | 408, 000 | 42,750
Grand total.) 433, 009 |13, 260 |12,000 | 360 [2,875 | 30,190 | 445, 000 | 43, 810

268

Table showing by counties, species, and apparatus of capture the yield of vessel fisheries of
Washington in 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892—Continued. :

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

| : Seines and Guns and
| z Soe Ser Lines. gill nets. spears. Potal
Year. Counties. Species. Ei a i
Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. |Value.| No. | Value Lbs. | Value.
1890 | Jefferson -.-| Cultus-cod...---. FQ00E| S140 ct. Soe al ta eee eee ee eas 7, 000 $140 |
Dosisalmon=222-.|2-6- ssc) aseeeee 6000) | $220: |Soee cle soe _s 6, 000 120
| Maliputessess2eee 30/0001 se GO0c | 55: ee =k ce iat Rian 2 aise 30, 000 900
Silviernicalmonssnsleeee cose secs 9, 000 oO | eere ao | eee 9, 000 330 —
Motel a: 87, 000 | 1,040 |15,000 | 450 |......|..-..... 52,000 | 1,490
TSOO0 MN Kano eee eee Cultus-cod.....-- TRACY) eee Dal Bee een Gaeses.|ssteee |emrrine 11, 000° 220
| Halibutencess) sa: eX fdan ei Bee eps lscoecaelescase ee 177,000 | 5,310
Bun seailsteccssec| en cecere fos evel seep eis. VSR ee 4, 620 $58, 906 |....-.-.. 58, 906
| Motel) sesseee 188, 000 | 5, 580 |.....-.|- ------/4, 620 | 58,906 | 188,000 | 64, 436
1890..| Pierce ...--- Black cod....---- A700 Seal) (32 Rs caso ae | ee 4,700 | 141
Cultus-cod..-.--- 2, 000 AQ il jc UR | os Un Reeders | ae 2, 000 40
| Halibatsn; ccs: 2 200}: 000i vox 250.7) 5c bath Sea a peeled 200,000 | 5,250
| Darah seeaee 206, 700 | 5,431 |...... os a 206,700 | 5,431
| Grand total.| 431,700 |12,001 |15,000 | 450 |4, 620 | 58,906 | 446, 700 | 71,357
1891.., Clallam... Fur seals .......- tae Sef Raaacny heats ime Sim) tay oa7e eee 14, 947
1891..| Jefferson ...| Cultus-cod.......| 10,000 | 200 |...2...|-..2.._|-..--- | aaenee 10, 000 200
| Dog salmon...... |e Peete ters eres T3000; | Se 2608| Sens eae 13, 000 260
Hialibutessess- em. CHOMOITON AG 00) || Seseeiodlingaetee| See cee lee shiateare 60,000 | 1, 750
Silver, salmonss-c|seeceeecn ese \17, 000 G40 eens Iboeccese 17, 000 640
| Totalenee 70,000 | 1,950 {30,000 | 900 |.----- ieee 100,000 2, 850
1891!-5)" Kang: 5--5 7. - | Cultus-cod....... EWU) PRSOD | Ses ecse|Rescpse|eseece||soeence- 12, 000 300
joblalijy mt sane eee POTAOOOM| (O48 0b eee a | Saee sel eee [pee ee 207,000 | 6,480
) Hur Bealls 22. ces See ee | Sree vee eRe terete Steere 21802) | 45;.632)|eeeeeees 45, 632
pre Patel tet | 219, 000 | 6,780 |.......|....... 2, 852 | 45, 632 | 219, 000 | 52, 412
1891..| Pierce ...... | Black-cod ......- TANS YS00)| eedO5e | eeawe le osama Perelueroecer 13, 500 405
Cultus-cod.....-.} 2,000 CER ees eee eal lene leper (See hee 2, 000 40
| WeElelt buses eee BY OO MERUAI eebebedl Robesacleecee|semeonwe 349,000 | 8,735
| Total 22-8 | 364, 500 | 9,180 |.......|...... 5 ae ee 364, 500 | 9, 180
1891..] Skagit ...... | Cod, salted....... 1 eASONOOO) | SoA400 a) aaa eeerenen |....--.| 85,000 | 3,400
| eubr ‘seal Sinise ANG Soper ree eee gece ete |y ee le 600s) 9600" aesemeere 9, 600
‘Rotalice te Bs) 000 |BMOOhl an ele as __ 600 | 9,600 | 85,000 | 12,000
| Grand total.) 738,500 |21,310 30,000 | 900 4, 267 | 70,179 | 768, 500 | 92, 389
1892..| Clallam..... | Cultus-cod....... 2, 000 AU) So oeon Resa nee See ae [Beran Ieee 00) 40
| EDogisalmonees- sass ee eee ee \*2, 000 AQ) |e eee Senate 2, 000 40
| Halibut) -222.225- 5, 000 a C0 Yl ee 2) ea ae sta ea A ee | 5, 000 100
Silver salmon). <2 |Semecninn-|eesne oe *3, 000 TO een ee eel e000 110
Mor Seals cee cca) hese ares See aliens oral ees aes 4a! LGB eeeeeeeee 16, 537
Watal 9.262: 7,000} 140 | 5,000 | 150 |1,743 | 16,537 | 12,000 | 16, 827
1892..| Jefferson ...) Cultus-cod.....-. 59, 000 130) | 2 2ceeek lesen sees eeeiees | 59, 000 730
Dogisalmone:222|s--eeenee|-anee ee 4, 000 CU epseael Aboerene 4, 000 80
Helbut ee 265-000" 52150 le eeersee eee el ese | eae 265,000 | 5,150
Silver salmon’. 22 |\s2eee eee | see 6, 000 DIO Sas. 6, 000 220
Total nega, 324, 000 | 5,880 [10,000 | 300 |......|.......- 334,000 | 6, 180
DSO 220| GIN Foo 23 = Cod, salted ...... 1755 000s | 870004] Sane aoa aaa od See ae Sees 175,000 | 7,000
Cultus-cod......- 16, 000 BONE seal eee eee ae 16, 000 380
Elalibutecs see o see BLS {000N| TOs 50 5 ae eee |e eee eee | meee aN 348, 000 | 10, 150
Huriseals! fees fem Whee mares | en ee en 6,830. | 98,511 |22-2---.- 98, 511
- Mgtal/eusnas 539, 000 |17, 530 |.......|...---- 6,830 | 98,511 | 539,000 116, 041
1892..| Pierce .....- | Black-cod .....-- 15,000 | 450 |....... eae a 15, 000 450
Cultus-cod..-.-.-. 3, 000 (LOY bearer at ae a | el a ae 3, 000 60
isilviies ne aoeaee 3d5 [0004] 95:/800! |e ease |S aemneten PmmUNe ges Peay 345, 000 | 5, 800
| Ese ee faust fae rire te
Motalll\. 22225 363 {0008 Mots 10y Meee (een an |p enntn ame mere 363,000 | 6,310
1892. .| Skagit ...... | Cod, salted ...... 364, 000 {14,560 |-......|..---- 5 apie fee See “364, 000 | 14, 560
Ruri seals}. 405.22 u| eee esa sa hee ale Bee oe 270) 3.780 ll see 3, 780
| | Motalvssssaes 364,000 (14,560 |..-..-.|2-.- 22. 270 | 3,780 | 364,000 | 18, 340
1892... Whatcom... Halibut......---- 500 ie a ee aErN Shee 500 15
| Grand total -|i,597,500 |44, 435 |15, 000 450 |8, 843 |118, 828 |1,612,500 |163, 713

* Caught with gill net.

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

eries of Washington in 1889.

269

bles showing by counties, species, and apparatus of capture the yield of the shore fish-

: Gill nets. ~ Pound nets and Seines. Lines.
& i = trap nets.
Counties and species. -
; : Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
" Chehalis :
, Chinook salmon ..--- POS OTD! Sate TOL Ssa0-% Se [esse see foci ame een eee | eee nee te on le aelcemrae
, Silver salmon..-.---- 662, 750 | 16,558 | 619, 450 | $15, 486 |........... PO or eee forte oe
a LT 1 NR es 1, 747, 825 | 38, 259 619, 450 U6) ci RerRes seh Beer hese Seacthdsserscastacc
( a a ae et ay = S Raa
i: 130,000 | $2,500
47, 210 965
300, 000 4, 500
39, 350 810
60, 000 1, 650
86, 440 | 2, 695
663, 000 | 13, 120
- Blueback salmon .-.-. Ae GU 8 vb ille| Borer cee ia wes Semi sc) 1a aitel so Sietaiele | areits\ale's)| atatein'm aici Ses a
' Chinook salmon ..-.-. 20, 000 SO | ere hee celle oo he | Seccie Be | Sate nine ole aaeee's as masemetemes
_ Steelhead salmon.... 6, 000 Mie ee eee ee 2 - 2 EE ccs eee o Mell iac -30l)s:cmsiejcaueelecetetae
. By 73,000 | 2,475 |..-.------|---------|- epee Pere Peeeeee eee eee
| Cowlitz: i
_ Blueback salmon .... 13, 000 BOUL Goss saacneoeascneclts atecetene leases onl sca cense sel tes camo
- - Chinook salmon ...-. PIG UND |weS Pee lee es SS ee te SS SSS Bas csaas ecesecsoos Peseaciob
| Silver salmon..-...... 26, 675 Cat ir/ ened 25 Ne RR pi RRR IA Foc 5 all Be) a (eee ER
_ Steelhead salmon -.-- AES om fer l ase ee ete ciamae | ccises wacen| = oa Semen feresieesias [sacs a's sane sec enieae
Wy Sturgeon ...-.-------|------..---|.-------|-----=----|----+-+--|------+----]-------- 218, 985 2, 300
[ otal sens -t oe = 163,000 | 5,440 |-.......-.|.-..-.---|.----.2-2-|--.-----|_ 218, 985 __" 2,300
_ Jefferson:
BEIT OTE COU oo ena ae ese e ie cee sno r cece lat otathnealasecechan| osdesierachlacchtecs 19, 000 500
TT PSC AR AS a Ts Sd ee oe Co Si ly Rd | Re Se 41, 000 820
Tanne oh ee eggs AES eS ORE Sed eee Eee nee 155000) |i SBO0! |. 2525 5e cee atone
SRST SUT ees 0 eed ee ee eee Cee teen er @iiicaecalceteree 6, 000 300
: oti Se LER 6 4 eS Ree ere 25, 000 750). |.en42 Sat eealsgoe seer
Ki Rotaleesccc ce cues Sees (2 aie (a eS ees ee 40, 000 | 1,050 66,000 | 1, 620
‘King: F inde
_ Chinook salmon ..... 35, 861 984 17, 273 327 27,114 BIT |-taces west sce
= Dog salmon.......... 155, 347 1, 483 12, 115 61 121, 785 STD | otems aoe ees ate sie eieta es
STING OLN fe coeccosos| eee eee ec[eoness Lelonceupeemalecmecsenc 25, 000 500) .ab seneetes| serene.
MPHOITine ./..2.2.-..2- 26, 250 BOA ee ee Voxeeb eee 8, 750 183i | eae a: | Bae ee
Humpback salmon... 29, 255 439 17, 212 257 137, 960 20684) sapere sate eee =
apn Ghee eter etek eee Mos ae ISE wb ames ap atin cewek oc ence 23, 000 460) oo SEE Se eee|e-weee oe
Silver salmon.....-... 208,583 | 4,249] 375, 830 4, 021 GP OF RS CRT eee een cocina cer aaS
0G) ees SA Sia eH ee Aen dl Pec e SS nnne Uceaenine 33, 000 S25) ices oonsses| ee weceete
_ Steelhead salmon ... 57, 600 1, 152 11, 520 230 21, 450 42D Se Se seee Shs eteenes
MNIE RCP PLC es o5 br cct cant oe teen oe outcomes aa sees ese 14, 400 | 771) RS (OSes och
utehec cones. 2... 512, 896 | 8,701 | 433,950 | 4,896 | 915,006 | 12, 053 |.........../-..-----
Klickitat: iy
Blueback salmon...--. 15, 000 600 14, 000 5GOF | csnaedee.s oe eeates 65 |= nee oc enema eens
_ Chinook salmon...-.. 8, 500 340 5, 000 DOO ES op sa ae lec owis-c os hemain gate deroe IMcees
Steelhead salmon .... 2, 000 60 1,000 | BU SSS aeeeeeee Gen aobee Remesereere mesos aac
Fi LNT) 78 eh ee 25,500 | 1,000 | 20, 000 Tet es Se Se a ee cesccce
‘Pacific: | :
_ Blueback salmon .... 90 106,995 | 5, 344 4, 765 OB RY ce ec See
Chinook salmon ..... 608, 200 20,332 | 990,575 | 49,528 af a te fon Fase Ct fel eee te ee
SUITALS ARSE Se AE a Se Oi (Rea rare | RSs TI A eR, ee Be Ue ny SSR
_ Silver salmon........ 399, 330 9, 983 798, 670 5 LU Uy ia (as Seen seed ees Seon Ror ce eco hacer
; Steelhead salmon .... 1, 120 | 33 221, 160 6, 634 29, 240° UM Nx te Setters wlecare dsiatece
BetAl esc. a2--~-' I, 008, 740 | 30, 352 |2, 131,525 | 82,885 | 68,183 | 2, 824 |-..... eer press
Pierce: K |
@ Chinook salmon .....|...........|-------- 3, 500 105 —-12, 480 275
(CERT SEtHTS | RRM See | ae IE A Rta AU oe Ph Lb Rape tal Paani ee ep Uae
Seeetloe Salmion---:.-.---)...-....--.|--s---4- 21,405 214 51, 465 515
BEFHUGTHM curt cts| cones sac .eclararmaaeleesieaes eale sean ans 80,000 | 1,200
Oo TI Telnaes i SALE | SR bes eat Le a ey a ee ge DiS Od eee eo
ara Semele eas (eRe I | i Lee (eteneea eos | 165,000 | 1, 650
= Humpback salmon. ..| -gp.-.-..--.|-.------ 22, 125 443 76,490 | 1,598
ENTE aye bosla o aten pmg Ta eB e |e a Pee eee sales.
“TLE SSE RN re ee Pee ie RR 500 30 500 | 25
Silver salmon........|..-.- fees Recep 71, 320 1, 558 216,215 | 4,692
bah sets seein tel aay ey geen eS aie chee) Pano a 145,000 | 2,175
Ee TENG eopeyr 7c Eel PR I LS en ee Cee eaenes Cee Ser cee eee See
(UL Tre SEVER plea ees ed EI eR a Den (a eee 13, 000 390
Pere Ses cotene oma ts asec ses oes aati ctoed 8, 000 240
Tei I TE ai Aes 2A Serene 4S Oe 1,500 300 : ae
PLGGAL, 3.5 esses eben am esse ett = sacs 45c 118, 850 2, 350 769, 650 | 13, 160 163,000 | 5,280
—_—_—————— EE a SS ss —===————S}\SY————_—=

ae

270

Tables showing by counties, species, and apparatus of capture the yield of the shore fish-—

e

erties of Washington in 1889—Continued.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Pound nets and

ee ee

: Gill nets. trap nets. Seines. Lines.
Counties and species.
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value,
Skamania:
Blueback salmon .... 11, 000 SHO | BaAaconndosllsonnsocallccose BBO POOSOOOD Se aooon sis\e's'| 5/2
Chinook salmon....-- 3, 000 USO cree gates wei [eke eile eats | atele <c Se eats ob al etcteterel are et eee Sele
Steelhead salmon. ... 1, 000 BO. cess sees oo Mc elesc Sons see sl St ee cnc Rees wrens |e
CT ital sascr ee Teh 000; | eaiTson looser aes oo MR rch an ee ae ee
Wahkiakum: i er TA ncchcn, ep ek al GigE cll cee aeeineranaa | an
Bluehacktsalmon/e% 2 s)eeaesaee acess sce ceeaesciciee lperacaesll 7, 460 $378 his 25. coche (lence
Chinook salmon...-..- 5, 440, 350 |266, 630 69, 375 | $3, 469 | 1:560)3875. |) 7808) |e Geto. cect eee
Shad eesews sesso oc awielinsdee acisee ecm eeele 5, 875 587 10). ) Hose ecees aoe
Steelhead salmon.... 132,580 | 3,977 10, 470 314 410,'540)} di2 SiG |. sae eee| See eee
Totaly sseeen ce 5,572, 930 |270, 607 85, 720 4.3 70)| 1,978; 3857190) 708" |eo a>. cos ooo
All counties: < tH
Blueback salmon... 86, 090 3, 044 120, 995 5, 904 12, 225 G11. |..eo eS 4|/ See
Chinook salmon. ...--- 7, 281,986 \314, 177 | 1,085,723 | 53,629 | 1,634, 147 | ‘80,619 |b222.2-- 22 3)- eee
@ultitis-code janes tas test cee sat oc eietomierell possesses SoS Ree ane eeeoe ee | eeteisces 254,000 | $5, 100
Dog salmon.....----- 1, 483 33, 520 275 173, 250 1, 386 47, 210 965
LUL win ecsae cons leooesesedas Facecccd lacadcocaoso|/Reeaenc | 105000) 1,700 coeseeee eee seen
Pai tt ote 2 visisioteie wclsc ce clic bral Setcictece | wt whete red hare eter | ete es eee (ee tehe e eaaee cl Stee 345, 000 5, 440
lernimo ree ee aa seis ae BOE oat as SEB Soe aecse 188, 750 2 OBL perio cin eye || etal eee
Humpback salmon. -- 439 39, 337 700 214, 450 3, 666 39, 350 . 810
OPCW seem eyecctew cebin’ alloc ence wel eensicee| eemmecis Sete lee eaemas 23, 000 460° | oe Sli es2 seo
PROC BHR Ee yee ee ets clactal| alate tneeicictel | ermimieteserele | staat eter eneterel | stermcbeteasa | ereteicioitorereral| iota 102, 000 2,910
SHH ae ane ae See ate Renae tetera sae ecoce 20, 500 2, 029 510 262 | eis lees te ee
Silver salmon..-..---. 31, 457 | 1, 865, 270 | 41, 0382 718, 762 | 10, 344 92, 440 2, 995
SIO bE eee Sh berate aie eel eis as orcs a aleae eer lemme ce aera ltteers 203, 000 By) 150!) Se sect = eee
Steelhead salmon.--. 6, 570 244,150 | 7, 208 46152305113; (6220 exces ei] se eee
SUUne CO Bas6 essed -|Seses5cdeos|Seomo asd |opoaeS ssSc0)botocosslocdsaotecedlbaseccke 218, 985 2, 300
TUO A NEVE eR) Mine Re sR eee kas Sepbdood |pooseoboect||dadcoscd|sacceneeone|Sosess- 12, 000 1, 800
ELTOUbASAlM ON, <<< sees | snc cect seta seceeeee| semaeese ac | rsieereets 13, 000 390. |scsicieccsee| sees
Orabs is oeccis occ ceeds Sanecsieea la tases el Reeeecn eecalleeecee 22, 400 840i" |S ocecseseen| ae eee
Saini NEsseseqdoon aca lseosedsbeos |soopaded|Ssesd2ssceutomscacks 1, 500 Bi) a nerescaSra|gsacs.--
Grand total.....- 9, 118, 891 |357, 564 | 3,409, 495 |110, 777 | 3, 771, 224 |119, 795 | 1,110,985 | 22, 320
Wheels. Minor nets. Tongs and hoes. | Spears, guns, etc.
Counties and species. | 3
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
Clallam :
Wihalesieeccecenok SoM S| ak SRS teil cee hiss ciel ek ccaree Sala laa ie le eerie oligelaeecia lei wereiaistereratate $800
Clarke: Fe pa ee ==
Blueback salmon ... 4, 750 [VAY All ars eres ee eee SSareee sec ease ce clloaacoaereaciboscacs |
Chinook salmon..-.--- 10, 200 ESTO esse cha Src sy Pecatonica ee RN ee | ne ne
Steelhead salmon ..-. 2, 920 BBY aire cred SS US ei See TA RATE se | |
—_—_ —_—_ — | | |
Motalisoesace sone 17, 870 Baa loca ese ele sc bose ees Ral ie certain er crethetel emeretete len
King: eae ee am z on
INI a Sed EG aeoe nC ellapeads cues isoacebes T5005; Sa sO00N secon ela easel ASaos Hallbokesoe.
lamp ee Soe SNe eA Cae ee Sree Ye hehe ace mcrae ote pete eel eer eeetcaere 108, 000 $9004 ee ee oes | cee eee
Fite eae Cee Reba AY Cs) 7,500 | 3,000| 108,000| 900 |...........|..-.----
Klickitat: i
Blueback salmon ....| 103,257 | 4,130 40, 560 6085.22 se cee eel io neem etl (se ceeien see| eee
Chinook salmon ..... 65,425 | 2,617 34, 000 SLO Ne cwee he 2e 2|ees eile aie sa evctnetaeee| eeetetere
Silver salmon ......-. 16, 780 503 22, 225 BBS it ccoc ce eae ee bee cee oc| sos ceeeeeee| pees
Steelhead salmon ... 7, 870 73 if Ses eee RO ea Wee Bion ear Meena SG oaocis
Totaly.2-scscereee 193, 332 7, 486 963785 || Liab Le Sos cee ee cael nore scam iemststeretete | seer
Mason: ie pins
OEM HSS Sob ceseonces| seoSacaoood aco codcdasosnocosddllecacocce 2 DOOK O00 37000} soe eteeetereters| reste
Pacific
(OW Wshicid- Ban ocseeebocer bosons aceoc||baeshosqlbesonas2oos|\Soerasce 5 609) 400 56814) S04 eee ere aera | etait
Pierce: “
OTEMSi2 2 Seed cos Sete tee ae nha ee | toe erate ore | Glatetereteteteratatell sjatereiatetots 330, 000 PUA RESO eaocclecoodeo::
ON/UGTEI ES Sr nee eAte sei eeaueeece.adsanoaocd nossa soDed [sosgacs66 360;;000)5| 22500) Sees oe cee eee
IDLY sy) ee end pease nalts oa) seacrocecod ssoanooE| Hecsbonecrelléaccoat< 28, 500 1, 330
Total o's os .ckecsel ine cinise eee oe lsaceneee eeeee ete eel aeeeeee: 690, 000 | 10, 250 28, 500 1, 330

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

271

Tables showing by counties, species, and apparatus of capture the yield of the shore fish-

Counties and species.

Skamania:
Blueback salmon ....
Chinook salmon
Steelhead salmon .-..

WALES SE eeonpopaaes

All counties :
Blueback salmon ...-.

Oysters
Dogfish oil
Whales

Grand total

eries of Washington in 1889—Continued.

Wheels. Minor nets.
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
GI | SA ROG | scien. c- > clieudecn cls
GE Op srBAl, (ek go ccc. sfea eee s
4, 010 i171 | Rapes pear o 25
PaO ROUOU BSROOAS I omc eetet cl Cinna senna

Tongs and hoes.

Pounds.

Value.

Spears, guns, etc.

Pounds. | Value.

"433, 802 |

104,285 | 4,451

438, 000
7, 547, 400

7, 985, 400

28,500 | $1,330
ee. oes 800
28,500 | 2, 130

|Table showing by counties, species, and apparatus of capture the yield of the shore fisheries

! Counties and species.

‘Chehalis:
Chinook salmon
Silver salmon.....--..

Clallam :
PLUGS S..sce% Ss =

Clarke:
Blueback salmon ...-.
Chinook salmon
Steelhead salmon ..-.-

Cowlitz:
Blueback salmon ..-.
Chinook salmon
Silver salmon........
Steelhead salmon....
Sturgeon

Herring
Silver salmon

Gill nets.

Pounds.

75, 000
150, 000

of Washington in 1890.

Pound and trap

225, 000

anes Seines. Lines.
| Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.

120,000 | $2, 350
280, 000 4, 200
65, 000 1, 725
63, 800 1, 275
96, 200 3, 000
625,000 | 12,550

255, 263 2, 871

TS? aa eee ae
SOON Gt OR0'| 25. ee rse decease eked
6, 000 GEN Eta. eta seac tone
p25eGanel DISIGTIS 2 SR. cee
— — | |

20, 000

137, 000

37, 150

70, 850

205, 000°) 8640: |. 205222¢h cess keel:

BRR er cool Cn oid Mencia efacine cvecac|saivicce cs

PUB ee cad oe (bo celcs woca-etecaveee
‘King:

Chinook salmon ..... 56, 270
Dog salmon........-.. 350, 481
ULSI eh opera EERE Perse Emme pets
BTGRTIN es eee ek acct 52, 500
Perch
Silver salmon........ 311, 214
Steelhead salmon. - 107, 787

otal cccnoaseccct 878, 252

255, 263 2, 871

272 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Table showing by counties, species, and apparatus of capture the yield of the shore fisheries
of Washington in 1890—Continued.

Gill nets. Pon aud ee Seines. Lines.
Counties and species.
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
Klickitat:
Blueback salmon ..- 11, 480 $230 12, 000 $240 |). son Aeeh he] 6-<ce mad | SOR eee ee
Chinook salmon ....- 8, 000 240 5, 000 1504) sagseaccs Selle ches ase locee seeees | See
Steelhead salmon.... 4, 600 50 3, 000 BON ae ee leaden beeen ele
Potalieseeeesass5s 24, 080 520 20, 000 VE ee a eee See is
Pacific :
Blueback salmon 85 2 198,485 | 3, 969 14, 945 ees -
Chinook salmon ....- 266, 825 8,005 | 1,778, 650 | 53, 360 94,500'| 2,287 |-sscs5-56.|0o5 eee
Shad sees eee ws be lneitere ene dc eeGeee 265155+| 2090) Js a-5 ates cls. 20 ios eee oes ae
Steelhead salmon 1,310 13 44951205). DLO) \.csa-SaeSe| ose sacle <n AS eee
Total-ostsemeesice 268, 220 8,020 | 2,414, 380 | 63,529 89,445.) 2,586: |o--.25-- 220222
Pierce: ‘
Chinook salmon ....- Vecekbas ores faereretalaise 7, 500 225 30,890.) . 927 |.2..-5.-tee alee
Cultus-cod.......---- Vise reso cia eee rere vaerar cf lievaraneatal eter ell ME ieee are take metas oP | eee $2, 300
Dog‘salmoncsecc< soes| sets as ele Saco 27, 761 277 (O20 |e bile | ces eee | ee
IRIGHMOAOTS sere oe ese ont te eee ase aercee neeee eee mee 853000" |- 15,275) |. S=21-- 2 == |e
Halibut sosse ssi ges aG act Se 20 abe ets bata atte | Spee eal leroy ae eae eee Opiate 90
FEV Pare eerie hae ya a cic eters oe ale oe abies ce ei anceetee lhe eee 170;000))) SVSS700) on). 2) areal eee
PROC Keisha tees Sera S ELE A Nk Ci Sal ark | ee NE NK OLN. Sey 1, 350
SHAG eeecisie cntcace coer Gee c ands eleee hoes 8, 725 698 512 || 26" eee) cena Seee eee
Silveriwalmon seo see |hoceacesen|acemanee 97,400 | 2,168 260; 722)! (5,646) ). ccf eo. as oe
Smelitvcsnce se sees ser |istmin)i 21m, Saye al lsrate teseatell mie Shepeoci= Peerless rete: 150000) |) 23250)! Janine oa Se eee
rout, black-spotted =|; S222 5s) e 2 esos lscingeencese |’ ccemane| tence anaes 2,700
Trout, salmon ...-.--- [epsieete er chene She Sema e ese Sema 155000") » 4505-222 252 eee
(One ON Saas nae Ba ae al ie oe ee ee en eee ae 105000" 300!) ss2-¢55-c5|0 oe
SHrIM P=. ooecacses cleiec- atone eierallecevserers teeter a ict lccieyse eee 45)!” 295) |. 222 See eee
Totallecemaeccect| cece een ee een cee 141,386 | 3,368 799, 326 | 13, 626 178, 000 6, 440
San Juan:
LOLTAIM Pyiscea = sec oat |ye Skee oa seen seo ei iceleciee 150)(000) | 2;{500) | -- <=.) | ene
Skamania:
Blueback salmon ...-. 10, 000 DOO! sjcisisie was Oelwercta Se slaee ete elect Sarcllsnesteteatell siete eee | eee
Chinook salmon....-. 4, 000 L20§ | oat ats ars) etaterere: «|| peioioete ose | sleeteals ata ame eee
Steelhead salmon ---. 6, 000 G0 sl essszseealesesees BBEECEeeSed Peresers Boeseeeesee|seeeso—-
otal: 2citece eae 20, 000 GIN Seeeecseend peseenarSasscopeeedsasectec|Sooaesscdouscnacs- |
— —- | = | _——— ae
Wahkiakum: ;
Blueback salmon .. - 1, 105 22 ia hy 30 0655150, 1260)... - = <i cee| eee
Chinook salmon. ..--- 4, 916, 850 |151, 302 90, 725 2, 721.) 1,,269,.225)) 39) 165 | n-ne. fe ere
STG By NSE a dee aeh ies a 8, 725 698 | BO, 5! 0 | Seen eee
Steelhead salmon.--.| 138,440] 1,384 29, 790 | 28 367;,010 |, 3,/669)). == eo eee
otalls- Sst sok. ! 5, 056, 395 |152, 708 130, 755 | 3,747 | 1,692, 830 | 43,967 |...........|.......8
All counties: |
Blueback salmon -... 128, 590 2, 884 212, 000 4, 239 71, 460 1,425 (| Siceee scot eee
Chinook salmon. ..... 5, 497, 945 |169, 698 | 1, 881,875 | 56, 456 | 1,412,138 | 43,359 |...........)..2.2220
Culltas=codeessc cena) toa sets ete tee ste elt rer nee etnters | settee etter ate tee 256, 000 5, 220
Dog salmon........-- 350, 481 3, 158 27, 761 277 470, 731 3,498 63, 800 1, 275
Rioun ders: 2s. 5-55 5s| tacit | eee tee teinemeerllteememar 13450008 )|(2):255))| soso esac eee
IS Eb it eee eee Smee Ae ae ere eae omen (ome Ser ee SR Aegan ch Cs cecllpceradae 333, 000 5, 290
PLEIN Oyo aerate 52, 500 R88. iscske cen oes 354/500.) 3,802) | sons cemetoea| see ene
IBOrGhes jaja eecisv sees | sw aak mee ecel| semper | Sae eeee ees Seeecerse 44, 000 880") .-c255 225 oecce eee
IROCKASH ES Saas ssiae ss |e ne as Jae las 5 sl peretyeat Noe all ote eremte © el eretorinneisie a ays eter 110, 000 3,075 —
Shade ee eee a ake A eae a eal ees mA 43, 575 3, 486 592 BS | cencicrararore cre ee oe
Silver salmon......-. 498, 364 | 11,919 97, 400 2, 168 669, 208 | 12, 172 103, 200 3, 350
SMELb eee eae. See Salo aaa sd a|e eee Sle ee nena ort 236000s|- 24500 s eee | Seen eeean
Steelhead salmon --.-. 334,987 | 5,440 443,910 | 4,438 431 :683))| 4, '962))|--ceeeee eee eee eee
SUTIAH EM Ge Seance sees eeccoos dsd| Sao ond) |bted Sesocsd|pSoenscolletes se so Seq [S6sesscc 255, 263 2, 871
Trout, black-spotted .|.--.-.. Ssuaclecaencen|jocoecconbes|bcaccond eanses >saeq|cdaceace 15, 000 2. 700
ERTOWts BRIM ON ac sey seem eeiee lose ce eine cise eral esterases 15, 000 450" || jo ccetyseecelecaeeeae
Crabs, 22 isso ccisc See semerseeteer ol eismiteaio el emieiets ate iatels [etnies cies AB 4000) 15900 |. seca ieee o635cam
SHTIMP Seles cece sas | Pee eee eee eel eebe eae eral Saaeeens 1, 475 295 ||5k2- sseeek| Sees eee
Grand total -..-.- 6, 862, 867 |193, 887 | 2,706,521 | 71,064 | 3,889,187 | 79,531 | 1,186,263 | 23, 781

7

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

of Washington in 1890—Continued.

273

able showing by counties, species, and apparatus of capture the yield of the shore fisheries

4 Wheels. Minor nets. Tongs and hoes. | Spears, guns, etc.
~ Counties and species. ain "
1 Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds, | Value.
SO ————
~ Clallam >

BMRB OS ee ame rece a) Caesar sa nidls Soa alle ncinie acini o aa ceinaa| coatmwie see looters pees eee $600

‘ Clarke:

Blueback salmon ..-. nea Og BS be Yl ee seg eo mr prea beara ics Waite seers
- Chinook salmon ..-.. AA aU0G| tks adOr| ces aco ee Sale nececce| sane cet Ace tet Sec een ae Pemceskece
Steelhead salmon .... 18, 680 DSi eee sa| ents Seal oe oak smal e asco cl tee ae ae eee se
] UHC eae oti eae Nine tess dn. tok, | ee PS eee
a —— eS SS SS SS eee ——~ _———
King:
LMS See teseoed655 lagrossacs=n pecaooec TORUS Gar S2bu les oss su nowt tence lee phos cea sel ee ere
MEG@NAMS)< 0s 5.00--056 55 |nnee nee e neon eee ee s|ene eee ee eels eee eee 204-000) G1. 700! Sa. 5 tse ceeler eters
Prine eee ior ia. ote 10,813 | 4,325 | 204,000| 1,700 |...... MRT
" Klickitat: rae = ai
. _ Blueback salmon .- - ., 295,470 | 8, 864 38, 585 STO eee a wits] Se apain dspace Sas Sanco teenies
( Chinook salmon ....- | 143,342] 4,300 56, 068 oe a ee el ee ee Pena eer | eee
. Silver salmon........ | 10, 500 210 31, 500 7 O08 Cae eae | earl |e EERIE Sa
Steelhead salmon .... 96, 250 1, 443 14, 025 QLOM aera ora caiee os teleecse ete coe eon
7s i Niet Ses 545,562 | 14,817 | 140,178 | 2,102 |...........|.....-.. gicheks wala
, Mason: Fe Lees irs 8" ara
Mee Oysters:-..-..-.--2-- eee RAH Bree) aio mer eee TS SOMODGNIPS Rnd O0N Sse e eeeen| eee
Pacific:
} . (UA SRST OS SA AR SAO Soe aed nig pnek ec peor Bosc oaa beeaasoa. 6; 8987200 1.00) 598) 2:25. JS. 22s.
| Pierce j % i N
Fetes each ee secn creel sateen iottce swan hanaloee A20°000"1 3.500 |p seo: see wee eee
WIVES S00 Saree CCpc een tea PRD ercee te eee 4 Eernoe ae 3905 000))|\) ‘Fedl2i,| a=. 22553 Pee
TO PUB DOM mare a) s 212| tea cioae se we) Sane ssse ans sansa esessea|eseee een [ecsnes a 30, 000 1, 400
TRY Te Be cae MT RES SR ah NR a (ee ee Ere 810,000 | 10,812 30,000 | 1,400
| Skamania:
Blueback salmon .... GBT4 4 n AO Ned olla can tae art sane nroekl ss Secret ae ccc UO Ne ane. bios im See
Chinook salmon ..... ASG Ta elo a 40l |sercce eee: Nac as nec lecee coe mean eee oe ae sce eer
Steelhead salmon .... 23, 080 GO Baer ed Goce see Staaten sees ee Ae ante aa ee ea
CnOtAL Sess lu ee DLO OOO teens Tees ns ees <a en eel ee nk a eee a alr Se ee eae ee
Thurston: ar ee lage * ca & .
VOT SbErsts qces sos seca. oc- Berean aerate paae otictes aa Grote tacs 765800))\" 1920) |on cen esl Cece
_ All counties: fe ce or Ay “i
Blueback salmon ....! 1,036,465 | 30,431 38, 585 DID! [Saco ao ein kel tad deaesleewoacaseee | Seeeeeee
Chinook salmon. ..-.-.- - 699, 317 | 20,979 56, 068 BEI S55 Sct etal aw lara [ae staccta corate ee ene
Silver salmon. .....-. 10, 500 210 31, 500 472 eee Cenennen beeen ened beneeene
Steelhead salmon .... 138,010 | 2,322 14, 025 AON bata so... Stal esc kal coos saeeale Ses
Jong <5 ee e ECan eee Seeeeaae LOZ S18). | AS S2bN ie sesh ee alee 2 occa aoe eee eee aes
REIT Moses aoeteton re ine oats Soa eean|taneotenlococcccesen| asses ise 6245000») 55200: bo senso asain oe
OY STBUS am onic cw ewe =m mew einin| oo min sca) slo 2 sow es] weieinianiere 8; 889; 000: 147,930) 05.2545 22he2 eee
TA RIO coat te SER Saco s tlvcn cme cel wees pec c cel names ould ateons ens | Soemeete 30, 000 1, 400
TLE E 7 SS 1S is ZO RENN PEE Seer" (ANN PsP ned sy Pre hae Peeks al: 600
Grand total ...... 1, 884,292 | 53,942 | 150,991 | 6,427 | 9,513,000 |153,130 | 30,000 | 2, 000

rare ~

pe ————— I

4

Table showing by counties, species, and apparatus of capture the yield of the shore fisheries
of Washington in 1891.

274 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Gill nets. Houndyend trap Seines. Lines.
Counties and species.
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
Chehalis:
Chinook salmon ..-.-. 60} 0002 s$1, SOOM = cece sari eraciecmee saree Sere eal ee eres | Cee cine een eee
Silver salmon.....--- TEES BF OO" Ree eee nisl Soo adallenaasasoaras|Sesce Ganleobrosdsco||s-25->-
Motallsccoustersee AIO 000) |) 64650! | ars Siete eos 2ta)| = pesarcreratelel le a= eae cael [ ence ee eee | ee
Clallam: P ; : ee
@ultus-codeeseeee nen 115,000 | $2,275
Mound ersyd sse5ec 2 | sae ae = se ewes eee leaie woe ered feared a POL Ol ea Ge eee: epee ee |
Elalibuceeeen een ea nee 315,000 | 5,350
1 (nyt) ae eee SAA ate aes Sarees lar mare eee Sea se ern) amt OTU 00 Mee weed i{))sNeeming aoiocWaecscc --
Dog salmon. .-..--.--- 46, 770 935
Humpback salmon. - - 37, 880 757
Rocktisheos-.-5- 25s" 100, 000 2, to
Silver salmon........ 82, 350 2, 688
Total ee caee case se 697, 000 14, 780
Clarke: |
iBlueback‘salmon.!--2| . 48,000; D680) 2s. 2 css aocecte|t acs ce acer > case eeeseeeeeee Ee Eeeeee
Chinocok/salmon.-.-<|) —21,'000:|) | 840.2 sneer cee ieee meee nem ee (oe = eens cree Se eee eee
Steelhead salmon <2-2| © 5,000; 1250.22 2 Staats oa ee onlecttlscial- etn seller eee eens See Reena See ences
TOU) -secceccisccs|| . 04,000) S264 50le i dere a ctavotatalteicis aratere ie (s ata Sere sleet Chee !
Cowlitz: E % fom Fe tae Z ae 4
Blueback salmon ..-- 12, 000 420!| jac nem ccic alesis sec) casmacisiesl |e aeme ee |lojeieieletairens atl Meee }
Chinook salmon.....-. 82; /500)'| 73; BOOS aosnes oe ciel aatermorerernl gasiepiseee aes einai oe |ageneeecond|ssoess5c F
Silver salmon......-- Bs 4000" W068: | asc seein steers cecal eal a scemeeel rere ectefiesc ce. Saas k
Steelhead salmon .-.-. GSAGOOK we OOK Nemec seatal leimiel sencians lapiniersee sere | eereere or PEERS Saco }
Sburgeonl. sacar see sol sah see ope eeee orcissene se oiemoe | Meee eeecees emcee | 503, 327 5, 468
Matai esses HRs st ARCs 1PM eC ep |i SDA (| SEE | 503,327 | 5, 468
Jefierson: he | - ae) es
a (Gries ER eee oe IE eee eae ene conan Sesoel Pasnencrl aarts ocodatoosease 14, 000 420
ais tienes swell vee lee eae Sten I a aaa Mag Rae gee as a aga | 60,000} 1,200 |
Tileraerbiy ees oe ea 16, 000 S20 ace so See 5 | Cee ees | ees Seas |e Wate a Se Me Soe 2
SILVELISALMOMN 0542 we See cho eae | See cne ae Meee nema ac eee less eee ck aoe eee | 6, 500 325
Sin ti Ae 22, 000 CBO ig ees ee | ee eae | Ne a cea | a Lee ee ate eee ae .
fiptal anc ee 38,000 980 |...... ee EB De SR Re a [ 80,500) L055
= = = | — = SS=2 SS SS
King:
Chinook salmon ..... 75, 580 70483) ATOR sees |e ee
Dog salmon........-.. 411, 199 4500273 53) 1G5eee ene esces eee
MloOUM ers vee aee:s2 sec nene teases ROZO00M 1) 400 neces jaye |ieerersertees
OMPIN GY eee aeioe 76, 500 25, 500 $82: hi tees ltedleateerers
Humpback salmon ..| 154, 854 AGA 562016) 966. |e eee
IRerchie eet ase Jeu acrc cele ac teeses 60, 000 1,500" | Gseaeso Sees lseeceete '
Silver salmon........ 387, 511 543, 570 BDI) 2 cccnee sell eoeeeioee
Smoltetoeee codes. canes tae 75, 000'\| dl B75. otee so eeee ee eee
Steelhead salmon... 130, 825 918, 495 (lee, SaOMNetcs ence acd sae
Crabse hoes aetoeeme ec Hage 2 57, 600 2; 400 See eee eee oes
| S| is! ——_— aE CE ee a fs
Total o5:haceances 256.4 GOO ROoveeace sae [okincreicier 18955485 129, OND |p. cae ne cel eema see
———— ss = =| | —— SSS SSS SS > |
Klickitat: |
Blueback salmon -..- 11, 400 342 12, 000 $360 Swe SSS ee eee soe Se eel eee
| Chinook salmon ....-. 4,000 120 3, 000 90} seas CSS eo sa cece all Seek a erererct te eet err
Steelhead salmon.... 5, 100 153 5, 000 L507 Sas Seas ee 22S ee ed ee
Potaltes te S28. 2),500 | 6i5.) 2 2Oc0G0 le. @00Nla: ae Es ooe ale 2 cmeenn Renae :
Pacific: a |
Blueback salmon... -- 105 2 248,840 | 4,976 2,805 56.2 peers coletellme eee
Chinook salmon ..-.-. 1, 222,075 | 41,310 | 2,337, €00 | 93, 504 43, 625 AD) 2| oes rare tata ese || etetstsrerete
SHQe soe esos s ose leeoseee nal see eae 42, 180 VAD) EN See ae aeernG aeaG De ACOn|eocco nc.
Silver salmon...-....- 187, 660 | 1,377 USN oe Vel IGS thie eee annes aes aecioart [Teseoaeceds lacacaoe.
Steelhead salmon.... 27, 075 406 432, 304 6, O51 5, 330 SO ee cs aatee elles Speers
Atal foek ee 1, 386, 915 | 43,095 | 3,366,264 |110,415 | 51,760 | 1,881 |........2-.|.-.--2--
SSS a :
. 7

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

275

Table showing by counties, species, and apparatus of capture the yield of the shore fisheries

} of Washington in 1891—Continued.
'
i Gill nets. Pound ued trap Seines. Lines.
Counties and species. Dues
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
Pierce:
MiHMOOK SalMOM «2 -=[o5-02---- 22 |---5-->- 19, 012 $570 37, 600" "SLE ASRe oo eee eee
RTECS COMM eta ena sa soto amas tleia cicniate ¢|=ccotnee aoGesl noe ca aaalasaewe ce nadlee access 130,000 $2, 600
OP ABMON ees so |Ueee as ..a=-|= 2-2 — > 26, 500 265 64, 939 6491/0 3 tee 1 ee
(nlayoreG Big) 2 S255 22 Ar sae pee sped) Soo Senne pcossceaees aceseooc AN ALU Nea Ey sR Sea eee
LEO N= 23s eee re| |e SSE EE ERE ASAE (Ber ae eee meee oa| ere oorr ofc perce ee— 3,500 | 105
TEE oon cocengicogel bao tnetoscd bob ead oe Seoesee| Bera serce ATS; O00) TT 0) sea ee
Humpback salmon .:|.....2---..|.---5.-. 25, 416 508 705229)| Daa |< oe =e eee
BEPPTROCIUSH ec cee foe ea nts e bees |ae= as ae|n eee e-e==- ic] Sasser aoSarinacugtte en aaa se 50, 000 1, 500
SLi ee Se See ee a eee 612 37 400 20). cae cwnucG} eee
BS Ver SAlMIOD. . 0 o252e)o. 2 ceeeca|-e-- eee 95,300 | 1,916 261,004))) <5; 220%|0- <2 eee
z MAIER eee ete on ete goal ca cuae calaeetesascselsacueses 175, (000 )|- 2: 625 1c o = ee oe ae
Lone (are ein BSS sat nel Ses 5 nee GeeOrceecon oSaooees| Foose eraser ers seore 16, 000 2, 880
STG GSN OW see ets cere ine ciel owes Seelam le esas olism sce 18, 000 5403 /t aos teen Gnas
UNTE N22 5258 0 wpe Ble = 250 ee RRR 2 (eee (tn 12, 000 360) 2 Bekele
RELEMEEUD oe eis orate S80 SF ISe See Se Eee Se | SSO OSB eee 1, 800 450)S sens ceeeale Bae
PROtAU aes ce oteacale cet sccciclza| saan wee 166, 840 | 3, 296 930, 972 | 15, 871 199, 500 7, 085
San Juan etek Auk er
JESS i S866 Reon nor Bee Bese ssoel lscegeh Se Gpic GOSSeeae Bae ae nae DUO OCU eee OU0NE cae cscs ee as ee
_ Skamania: “tha oe ae re,
; Blueback salmon .... 4, 835 CET ak See ear RS SP SH SRO CORSE aaa SOC el AMS Oe came Barras
Chinook salmon...--- 2,500 VQ eee etttelare| Se ea ta om aeitalne ta Soe tat ro |e tere ceo eee See
Steelhead salmon.... 4, 000 GO ee seater eid | ie rat aes asym ome aia ois ela cos anon ses
Botaliwas nc. =uetse> 11; 335 Ga Bees Sates | Se star | reece pee ey [eee ee en 2
Wahkiakum: roo 5 ror
Beek RALNON 3:aa| 2n5 See eel. = cepa cantccswalstal sascle oats Be jOo0 |) 160) coc. * ceees| econ
Chinook salmon .-... 4, 279, 900 |166, 168 SP S00 a cbs ier, es A ao Ns Bos 890 so 5 aos ee ee ae ee
Nese vichs eae ts o aicicre| comcins Soe WS aSeee es 12, 208 732 4,500 tO a Sees ae a ee
Steelhead salmon... 146,640 | 2,199 12, 170 182 269, 360 SBR loatastaceos oeanenae
LenS | ee eee 4, 426, 540 |168, 367 67,178 | 2, 626 1, 483, 955 | 41,961 |...... "i Sicclleaiacaees
Whatcom: ies els Bas Pry = are
plnebaGK SAMO . 225) sess0cc-— ac] sss 55U5s PAPA CAC UES LUE CN ieee 2d ee i eR ee eos ia Bee (asesames
Silver salmon........ 14, 625 L5G hoses soles eee 72, 750 WIG eee eee cre soci
Difal, Sees c sue 14,625] 156 | 512,260|10,977| 72,750| 776 |...........|....---.
All counties: y ae ee .
Bluebacksalmon..... 76, 340 2, 589 773,100 | 16,313 41, 625 p71 eS OR
Chinook salmon ..-... 5, 747, 555 |215, 393 | 2,402,412 | 95,876 | 1,322,983 | 39,487 |........._.|_.-..-..
Cte te nee ose rc ce IRS seen cat tee aecloe cee cedyl sc sstene bh a ao wee 259, 000 5, 295
Dog salmon.......--. 411, 199 3, 667 26, 500 265 5238, 582 | 3,939 46, 770 935
POM TSTE TEC RS Ts ps Se res ad Ee a | ee earl ee eee ae 193;;250' [35 288) |... ae eee
LEU 270 nie CE a a ee SN PO Ag ee ete ee ON Pee ieee ee) ee cee ees 378, 500 6, 655
LAST ay ee ee ene OZ O008 | IS 468 soos lente lace cee SUG O00 BORO so ase teen
Humpback salmon .. 154,854 | 2,322 25, 416 508 534,791 | 8,370 37, 880 757
Unger eee mate | Samana Cucon| s saectiachs-ssauet ese losua sees G0; O00"]) T3500" to Sow e- doo le eee ee
NUS HS ieee Seine a ae A ee a 8 Pome eernnc Janes 54 eee es See eee 150, 000 4, 275
; Slit 2 ee eae ores k ee aca amelie | 55, 000 3, 300 4, 900 PAU ee aegee, ee (e Ee ie 2
Silver salmon........ 723,196 | 14, 699 400,640 | 5, 269 898, 954 | 14, 743 88, 850 3,013
é StS le ae 22, 000 GOOD iS- 22 sce cele os seen 250, 000 ASOUUN Ss Sasaoae ccletoete =e
; Steelhead salmon.... 387, 240 | 7,097 449, 474 6, 383 3538, 185 Ts OST Sess laces ane
. SUG Try ee es 4 EE a ae EO ee eect ance. Seer a aocd Pee be eae Hepes re 503, 327 5, 468
BPLTGUL DIACK-SHUULCE-| o<on C cere aco ae an c|nacecenssaetassstnes|maceeetaeeslodc.s sas 16, 000 2, 880
BLOM BAlMNON wacom =|<ocis ese nex [scneume=|stsewen beet coerce bn 18, 000 DAO) Ae omelets nace
CODES: ted ora tate ioe! Sane seep ap erre ore | Rs 7 ee fe eae CRN AOG Te Ae TRO) | cece ceo eae
SSE SS SS PRS (ENR eS 92 ESSE, i sare 1, 800 AGO) SR EE on Se
Grand total...... 7, 614, 884 247, 895 4, 132, 542 |127, 914 | 4, 688,070 | 92,407 | 1,480,327 | 29,278
> e
}
4 *
1
. _

276 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

g

: $
Table showing by counties, species, and apparatus of capture the yield of the shore fisheries
of Washington in 1891—Continued.

Wheels. Minor nets. Tongs and hoes. | Spears, guns, ete. |
Counties and species. eee
Pounds. | Value.) Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
Clallam:
Ure): Bee eee ood ease sae or poci-om od pace sco Sed hesoaced Soace coos S| Fan nsona escmaneésos $2, 400
Clarke: Mil horas <a). p=
Blueback salmon.... 5, 830 $175) | 2 «3225. Sool Deeb en etl cenceeee mss ccneces| sone ese ea |= Seen
Chinook salmon. .--- 14, 500 eB ER Daaseessa4 bs ssoS60 beseonsaccs bercesed Peaaaer dacdlcas:---
Steelhead salmon.... 4,300 | 29 cco22 oo ak ecces cue Sece ce svete ae seteee|-seaebesees | eae
“970, 000 | $2, 250°
Totals. sce sass loses ae Send Pentoaes 8, 413 3, 365 270, 000
Klickitat: ;
Blueback salmon. --- 63,455 | 1,904 60, 918 O14) csc cantecehlicwmnecatl eae aces. eel oe Cee
Chinook salmon ...-- 56, 665 1, 700 10, 183 i U5) Bl ees Prey ead es eines
Silver salmon..-.-..-- 19, 110 573 29, 820 CU) eee ce a en aes Se
Steelhead salmon. ---| 48,050 | 1,441 20, 164 BOD oct SoS ee ies eee ee ee
Total ese 187°280:|. 5.618. |, aN ORs) a pia) se hee ee a
Mason: nia ae
OS SG BRA Sa Sees Snees bemeasesere Senos sod BSeuae Asse ee oS 1, 560;,000 | 39; 000: |. 2222s22-22]saceeeee |
Pacific
(OAS ce eoroaassmon| sana sesso Sock see |Sscrsqeoee|tnebooe= 7,890; 480) |105;'206) | 5-252. -25-2 22 oee ee
Pierce: jie ean ea i 7) Ot a
MUIAMS Se kee ee ceeecwd ew ccmaonls See e ces ca tnete eater eee sree 466,800))| 8,890!) .-. 2 seer aoe ae
(ONS s See Sant Sons Peeeer ese Obl seonsead beoosacccedlochcigese 4208000)|" 72875, |aenc ce eea | sae
LOE TEIN OTE See Ss sear Sedl ee ghee go7| bobs coseca|eSudsa4buadecaaecs!loascssce 33, 750 1,575
ota ese 2 .4- se lp aetna | essed Beehéo saad eee ode 886, 800 | 11, 765 Soy FOO 575
Skamania: sa
Blueback salmon----| 114,090 | 3,423 |.---2 2-2 Ne neo fee ee ene
Chinook salmon... --.- I 169):375.4) SSA0BT ous Soo os cs | seme eee | tosoe sees Sones tates a ar
Steelhead salmon..-.. 63; 010:)) 2, 8900|2 33.468 20|5.5 F2c sc) eee eee. ae >.) See een eer
Pitas) gue 47s | 0,g04 ltccnc es yhaiiigl (eee A ieee ice cn cs
Thurston: fs :
OY SCORS an = ceem fen oS egaceseee| pases See es oan eae ees 115,200.)|' -2)880i| 22. = eee eee
Whatcom: |
Blnebacksalmoen’..> |e ses nie eles Sees 10, 500 O95 suc gece ee al emee eae se ee ce eee Cee eee
NI VEr Salmon a2] (42 toto ee |t ae aceee 15, 750 AGB |52 2 2S She ee eee eee §
abs Ris 6) ee eS 2 ears ee A a eS
etal mase teal Oh tary ee Ge F 26, 250 993 || co voce th eee 3 tl aesee ee ae eee :
All counties: oak Les ia a :
Blueback salmon. .--.- 183, 375 5, 502 71, 418 1 SOW cae oes i
Chinook salmon. -..-- 240,540 | 7,216 | 10, 183 niep lh Bestemeescer ;
Silver salmon......-.. 19, 110 573 45, 570 6157 coe :
Steelhead salmon. ... 115,360 | 3,460 20, 164 B02N eee eee }
URE ee rcoe pees Baseais- eco ueeenaoe rosea: 6 Ae Nee Fe iis), | ee eee ee :
Mlamsre so see ae ee U2 Fao mat a cael oe Sele ossetes 736, 800 :
OVSHOTS see eae foes |sn = See cece] one ence bacon ee Ul seeeeee 9, 985, 680 }
Wo rishoilscs se. chess |San ee ce cla eee ag ee gece sale een Aare mes {
Winales one Ssecshos es! - dhe a oS ee Ses af ee gies ee ee |e eee 2,400
Grand total....-.. 558, 385 | 16, 751 155, 748 5, 572 |10, 722, 480 161, 101 33, 750 3, 973

.

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 277
! Table showing by counties, species, and apparatus of Sila the yield of the shore fisheries
ni of Washington in 1892.
Gill nets. de at les ga Seines. Lines.
‘ x trap nets.
_ Counties and species. :
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
Chehalis:
Chinook salmon..... 299, 054 | $5, 283 995684) $1, TE! oes cle cveltetel San eito| Be eee et ee eae eee
Dog salmon......---- 219,860 | 1,099 102, 140 SUL icespitents-[eee Joos dlscsasaeebeld Geemeaets
Silver salmon.....-.. 563, 608 | 10, 048 TSTF S69". 'S,d495) Fees a see ee 152i twcidclbece ee celetatee aoe
SUEY Sn ETIES ae ea ee ee 38, 000 190) .atetigo ce de|s sate ces| be cdn es eee
PB SEU AER ee eS eS ee ee eee
2 ee eae 1, 082, 522 | 16,430 | 427,693 | 5,810 |........... |si22vase)aes ca see ane
' Clallam: aa ie. ues iy Ware cy var ti one en eet is
MumLGTa COON tects ss ca | saoee eee ale mcm Seth ad cee eres nedecas Hatem sce sc) amentaores 117,000 | $2,305
BEL LGUMUGPS ca ca se ccac| cece eerie) s cciase cic fem eecaaa| Stuns res 12, 400 $248 || con eee eee
MABEL Meise rns eierial Set ne nce hale Minetelo aid eee in sa aee| Sec a auess ee gtcoe son emmee 354, 000 6, 035
CELDT) OPS SN Os ep ge PORE ee i eve |e re 25, 000 250: |<... cose eens eee
CLG RIES “Se eee ee Seas Slee ogee ese aeeen pososcee | 17,690 325 74, 000 1, 440
HG GLETS aone thas 9a ORR 2 a 3 Reo re |S eens cere) Pee ae [See ae eee jl 123,000 | 3,315
STNG TIM TE Lane) eed | Bete cease sl pnt | | a Se boats 88, 310 895 111, 000 3, 210
ara ae oe ua See eh e cet) aaron Ar Bote 21s |. 770; 000) een
SClarke: pat De ae aa eye
_ Blueback salmon..... CAS TUM eG | be ee ee Ol enor [sooo asco ieee aeae SOSorSeseoe aes
Chinook salmon....-.- POO0 |; AHOBME Cac measeetle ce attenl ant = RE A BR BOA bomaacerts font esr
Steelheadsalmon.. --. 6, 000 :] tS] (eae cee ee See A | ee A ee (ets eRe See Reyes
MA ed ec ir3. Fire Ug 9 (1 ee ee (I 8 7 aaa 4 Lisanne
| (EE ND — -— | —_-_— ————
Cowlitz: |
Blueback salmon.... 15, 000 AON eee ee eS ihe ee re ee Roe ili naan, Cicer
Chinook salmon. .----. 110, 000 Riess
Silver salmon......-. 27, 600
Steelhead salmon. --. 49, 400
BsuureeoOn: <~-2>--\--2-|----< > ior | ei (tgs wiped tei eet asain ot ciate 505, 623 5, 567
Patel na: 202,000 | 6,265 |...... 7D) PRR aie, Var rete aS aa 505, 623 | 5, 567
Jefferson : ae ae wee
DHA TCT HI Se 8A SR oe et oe eee |e Re | Ae ee (ee oe A el ee 37, 000 860
LATO eee See hae eee ge 3
Herring ...-.-
Silver salmon........
Syria eee
ELECT bal era Sy
King:
Chinook salmon ...-. 69,917 | 2,040 32, 018 962 ARIASO) | G1 ABS: | oSe teen ee Kezecece
= Dog salmon.--......- 643, 110 4,780 164, 790 1, 640 | 1, 108, 320 Grae aseinn ha ae ee
BNOUMOOLRS 7h cite ko eee sk eet twee ERAS 8 ee I os ee T291G60" | 443) ek ae siete, ite
LEG ct) See ame 78, 834 Alea bob Oe Bee eS Se |S eee 26, 278 OO4 |ot oc |-=menia= =
L2G oe 2 oa ae Sone aE oe Oe] | eR (See eae geo) eR 65'1407)) 1 8085)0 55.2.2 a ees
Silver salmon......-., 447,932 | 9,585 128,230] 3,847 692,452 |b ONOTo) oo. oe ee eee
RE eee ee ee eo oN lade ule meel aeieita st OS) 726 ul) 625408 lee c cnn cc eee eee ota
Steelhead salmon .--. - 130, 570 2,611 62, 322 1, 246 | 68, 250 B65 | nen cee n ot | eeenteek
ime eee eC be eal oe oe ealoh soa Seetlowe eases 60;,000')|| , 2,000. |---| Sees
ape Os. ch 1,370 363 | 20,199 | 387,360 | 7,695 | 2,234,775 | 25,968 |...... gl Re Se
Klickitat: rig. » lee i
Blueback salmon .... 12, 000 360 14, 000 PROM ocew ss eae Read ee ean oheeicle bee
Chinook salmon ..... 3, 000 90 2, 000 RUD cena Sys esata nla | meee = eek eee eee
Silver salmon. ....--. 5, 000 PHO) foes Sette nee Poets oe ae ae eee ean Nata Ie 2 ie Eee
Steelhead salmon . --. 5, 000 150 4, 000 G0U panetes 2 ee ele ttn sae 1s enim eo sete eae ais
Total ...........- 25,000} 750 20,000) 420 |...... Tien eee A FG ee ee
‘Pacific: ae ier yer dl / :
Blueback salmon .--. 105 3 934, 885 | 18, 697 8, 985 PUN eee oom ey
Chinook salmon ...-. 1, 097,175 | 43, 387 | 2, 294, 300 | 90, 772 65,300 | 1,959 |...........].....---
Dog salmon......---- 67, 666 338 135, 334 (yh RR ee Veit aetna cate arte la vince wa
(ES eS ea aR IE I (arb et MeN Weenies eerste sean. noe separa we
+ Silver salmon........ | 252,000 |} 2,520 BOS (000) } be O40) |S sctee ce oocl eee. Dee ee ee eee
Steelhead salmon... . 9,710 146 765, 980 | 11,489 14, 440 PN vetoes inte | ee aw a
CA aera 9, 000 (LEU | be eae tes SE (ISS ae tl bs eS 2 ed Meee Oe ee rest
os 1, 435, 656 | 47,144 | 4, 696,899 128, 547| 88,725 | 2,518 |...... Tiel PRE
| | | |e

278 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

——

Table showing by counties, species, and apparatus of capture the yield of the shore fisheries
of Washington in 1892—Continued.

Gill nets. Found nets and Seines. Lines.
a . p nets.
Counties and species. ;
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
|
Pierce: |
Chinook salmon ..... avatalaimialateratets =) teayereteters 48, 600 | $1, 458 Ce Me CLO DM MEs PeTaW ASY- Gall renee See es iS |
Cultus-cod..2s,..22-58/itbe lee sen| Olle pala seeres saltpeme orien Pak octet oe ee same 125,000 | $2,500 |
Moo salmon 22 cael secs aceee ne tease 55, 280 553 TOF GOOG). d 06S Zoe gece eee
WM IOUNG ers) samara vee tee ial | sas Stems are|| cre ee retell f=teete ie eee evel tates eae LOOKOOOS|) 5 s1, (D008 Saisemtntetetset are tees
ELaliip ater eae ot eiasl| sgt ol realtek ol fatere ic heels coaeia | eter seersy =e A sane (ee eg 3, 000 90
LEI ous co Soonetnsong|lsasocoemaod|Psecamonesconcsdaadisaaaeon Pre OOO Sey 20108 ete eletete tte lel ereiaeertee |
Rock fishy se acsats 2e|eo eee eer cise cess ec ee eae ee | erin a | Perma , pen ele aay 40, 000 1, 200
Shader stecescc ccs | oe seoe soe loses sees 500 25 600 BO) |nhiciects vets Eee
Silver'salmonts22 25-4) esssere=er | seseecce 165,560} 3,311 2277808) VADs |e reer ae Mars meee
SMelG 2. a2 sae asco leeeeeek selec cee oe leamacee eee a|eemcee ss 200° 0004 SB80000 eects es Ce eee |
rout plack-spotted.\|s=seseeec cc |sosene ce see ee rere Sees el seeeen peeaaeee 20, 000 3,600 —
Trout salmons:2 2. 225|s2seces= cele s cases eoseese coe eeseeees 20, 000 GOON oo secor ate cel eee
(Or B50 BOOS ner SSE Reese ee aa een ated esse ge 10, 000 800) | sesece Sheeler eee
Shrimp Pewcts sesso aces ee ec stein asic els aseceereed|Heeatee 2, 000 500. |oscscneee |S eee
——s OO ——_——|§ —— | SS
Notalacececec cece | eens ee eslcscees es 269, 940 5, 347 987,780 | 16,595 188, 000 7, 390
San Juan:
Herring sess SIRS CE o re ee He see Cree oan sey esoccnee 250;(000:)))\ 2) 500) | 2285 <2 Secllee neers
Skamania:
Blueback salmon .... 15, 000
Chinook salmon...--.- 4, 000
Steelhead salmon ..-. 5, 000
ML Otallenecerrecce 24, 000
Wahkiakum:
Bluepackisalm oni 24 ekesterascoelete eye lpr eee anes ee 366;:000h|) 1049868 | aaseeeaeneaseeneee
Chinook salmon... -- 4, 499, 500 |174, 550 500) DON 16242950 n] Tei 2ee Genes omnes | eee nena
ESA AZ ek a Se are pra any rn Pee gees | ae Pas 17, 850 536 22, 000 (PAD GER SR neon ane ecta
Steelhead salmon....| 283,570 | 4, 254 1, 500 150|| 63334990) |, G1G80) |" ones sees | Sees
Total s<2..-.i-2-e2 4, 783, 070 |178, 804 19, 850 MOG 3) A BAG 24 On| soi lat 5) etcetera tee
\‘ Whatcom:
iBlaebackisalmon -523|22-s22025: dlnseseess 2605225 ul Ds DtGn|saeeee shyeiks| Sarcietys Sel cee aie ete
Dog salmon........-- 83, 475 GE a ee od 500.850 |. 2a86 2a sen sees eee
Silver salmon........ 21, 000 | (ae SOT NE ae 127.950 | Jd B65. kone aac cts eee
otal) ssecceeaeee 104, 475 FOL.) 12601225) 5) 576ul h628 S00) | e402 Tl sane eee ee | eens
All counties:
Blueback salmon ....} 110,105 | 3,303 | 1,209,110 | 24,553 | 374,985 | 11,256 |...........i....--.-
Chinook salmon...... 6, 109, 646 |230, 990 | 2,477,102 | 95,052 | 824,799 | 24, 575 Lo kaioen eon
Cultus-cod.-..... ye RAD Moc AS Sa Fee 00h a = ca OU A gal ba 2 ee a 279, 000 5, 665
Dog salmon..........| 1,014,111 6, 694 457, 544 3,381 | 1,737,460 | 10, 4385 74,000; 1,440
LOUNGES ae eee See as oe ats | ecient cites See res 18456015) 3,299 | ps cele
Herrin oye. are TSUSS49| AT S1833|cersee a see eee 5B, 278) |) D684 | eceeclateenl aeemomter
AID OG? Seas oe ns es as ee Ml ee ae el | nh ca oo | ae ea 447, 000 7, 925
ES) oe) 1 Rape ee eemep ee 8 Rain eee (Eman a OL Pd etl ral ea Ta Gal 40 eles Oonemeneee eee Bmonecce
ac(aYed -ciTs) eee eeepe pe ORR ee Rc] ney Pal MCS Be 7 re | Neil e ee ele e 163, 000 4,515
IS Had er ae ee Ren hs REM) NED ae ple pd! 80, 750 2, 433 22, 600 WOO Meee eae ae eee
Silver salmon........ 1, 317, 140 | 23, 079 985, 659 | 15,547 | 1, 086, 492 | 16, 034 116, 000 3, 460
Sole et es x hee MER i aps BOS A Se ae Pe a a eave |e ee 321, 726 Git Gh ft peemaeeercalisccoasce
Steelhead salmon ...-. 489, 250 8,189 833, 802 | 12, 945 416, 680 Rope fy em ea meals bocce
Sbungeon' i o.cc15-2aee||sooce 2 seen toneeeee 38, 000 190)|| So. ber eee eee eee 505, 623 5, 567
rout, black-spotted {|<< =22 5-222) S25 aeons |= See nee ae | aoa Oe eee eee eae ere 20, 000 3, 600
Prouts Sal MON): vse] sos ces dace cess Soe ee oee Seen Se ee eae 20, 000 600 |e xsesnteease eee
OraDS essed soc ace 9, 000 DO dl einecietemese well bare eee 70, 000 2 SOOM aia ee ian Jenene
STREET i see oe eke PSone ta (RMR RE el rea oe | 2, 000 B00: ce ance | eee
Grand total.....-. 9,128, 086 |273,188 | 6,081, 967 |154,101 | 5,664,720 | 91,570 | 1, 604, 622 32,172

Table showing by counties,

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.

b,
“

- Counties and species.

é

~ Clallam:
whales..-.---.

_ Clarke:

Blueback salmon -.---

Chinovk salmon

Steelhead salmon ....

Klickitat:

Blueback salmon -.-.

Chinook salmon

Silver salmon. -

Steelhead salmon --.-.

Oysters--.-----
Dogfish oil-----

Skamania:

Biueback salmon. .-.-

Chinook salmon

Steelhead salmon ....

Thurston:
Oysters .--.----

Whatcom:

Blueback salmon. --.-

Dog salmon. -.-.
Silver salmon. -

All counties:

Wheels.

Minor nets.

Tongs and hoes.

279

species, and apparatus of capture the yield of the shore fisheries
of Washington in 1892—Continued.

Spears, guns, etc.

Pounds.

Value.

Pounds.

Pounds. | Value.

See eee

Value.

$600
2, 700

3, 300

94,500 | $2,835 |.........-.
Bago | 1966 |. -<c----
29, 400 LD | ee le ee
469) 725. | 4,882 | evo 2 28

Nees a ae 11253 S54 250) | basemese ee. |seaee a ellie ee
Ge ewe renee eee 13,125 | 5,250 300,000 | 2,500 ee ee
217, 052 | 6,512 CC, ag Noe eer | eRe Bes eee cea pe eae ioe
125,405 | 3,762 14, 450 7) |Saaee eee ~ | oen ee 2 Pe SS
34,104 | 1,028 33, 950 FAI aap al fe Set art IEE Se ae eh en | eee
242,970 | 4,289 28, 900 BBY <3 ARE sce ly Aree
Sia bail Wee age! |) Been | n'D, SIS) | 22. eae tes Ju 2 poe ae eee ines
== = = | ee fe | ——<—————
PE es eee) eet = ae bee Pe 1, 576, 800 | 32, 850 tee eet
Ee NI | sig tees ll at US areal 7, 588, 440 |101, 179 sold bee,
hoa h Wty Pee AP PSs a ae 384,000 | 3, 200 we Ey ae
ca ae en | CP eS Oe PLE Ta} 598, 200 | 11, 216 ee Se
Seated idea ere Be anlage sacle amas [OS see 37,500 | 1,750
ae rare: |. Raper to tence | toricee 982, 200 | 14, 416 37,500 | 1, 750

417, 280
253, 400
378, 190

1, 048, 870

132,000 | 2,750

50, 000

90,900 | 1,454
14, 450 217
21, 000
48, 950
28, 900
13, 125

217,325 | 8,145

684, 000

9, 895, 440 |147, 995

10, 579, 440 |153, 695

oe aan

; Blueback salmon....-
Chinook salmon. .----
j Dog salmon..----.---
‘ Silver salmon.....-...
Steelhead salmon ....
LINGO Gre See ogee tap
ON ye 2 5 ee eee BeesE or neice
: Oysters.......-----..|-----------
; MUO MSE OMe an ee ladicle «|e wis we 's rms
SVRITHIGSIOM fin fen ealn|'v wins en' wore
Fur-seal pelts........|.----------
; Grand total... -.--
.
fi

a ae

728, 832 | 21, 865
417, 630 | 12,529
"34, 104 | 1, 083°
650, 560 | 13,517
1, 831,126 | 48, 934
-

280 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Table showing by counties and species the yield of the shore fisheries of Washington

Continued.
SUMMARY.
1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.
Counties and species.
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Valne.| Pounds. | Value.
‘Chehalis: |
Chinook salmon ..... 1, 085, 075 |$21, 701 75, 000 | $1, 875 60, 000 | $1,500 898, 738 | $7, 043
Dog salmoneacc sa). Gacalliceeeanseet|s sack ell bese oe 6 See | meme efile See raed limes eal 322, 000 1, 610
Silver salmon........ if 282, 200 | 32, 044 150, 000 3, 750 130, 000 3, 150 751,477 | 18, 897
PSU TL 0 es ee ee cing eee rene eee) aaeaai aa) ieeaeen e||pasesscons Sclpeseeese 387 000 190
PRObal sects. 2, 367, 275 | 53,745 | 225,000 | 5,625 | 190,000 | 4,650 | 1,510,215 | 22, 240
Clallam : | Keer | ran ‘
@noltus:codi-. cen. 130, 000 2, 500 120, 000 2, 350 115,000 | 2,275 117, 000 2, 305
MLOUNC Ors ss cosas tes Secs ee) he ae see | ete | ele, Sie 8, 150 163 12, 400 248
Halibuibs sacs se 35 = 300,000 | 4,500 280, 000 4, 200 315,000 | 5,350 354, 000 6, 085
Ler ivit se Aas wuliseneetetee ele eee elt Sere sees ee 15, 000 150 25, 000 250
Mogisalmone--s--ssce 47, 210 965 63, 800 1, 275 55, 140 1, 060 91, 690 i, 765
Humpback salmon... 39, 350 SLOG Seca See eee 37, 880 TST |s-c 2-5 eee eee
Rockiishee sos eee 22 60, 000 1, 650 65, 000 1, 725 100, 000 2, 775 123, 000 3,315
Silver salmon........ 86, 440 2, 695 96, 200 3, 000 108,980 | 38, 163 149, 310 4,105
SWihalese: soo DOP ee ee S00) Pca see ace GOON 2 ae 25,400) ||)232 ea. scene 600
Hur-seal' pelts. iciea2alketesse oe Peleeee gadalsobaceses se Bebdeecis |pseseacecad|: sadasa4|so> eSsesse: 2,700
Tetal cs occu 663, 000 | 13,920 | 625,600 | 13,150 | 750,150 | 18,093 | 872,400 | 21, 323
Clarke: we % =
Bluebagk salmon .-.-- 51, 750 1, 757 152, 170 8, 055 53, 830 1, 855 162, 500 4,875
Chinook salmon -...-. 30,200 | 1,310 | 75, 300 | 2,259 35,500 | 2,275 65. 825 2, 245
Steelhead salmon... 8, 920 268 | 24, 680 | 247 9, 300 | 254 35, 400 972
ORGtale cere s = ccs 90,870 | 3,310 | 252,150 | 5,561 | 98,630 | 3,384 | 263,725! 8, 092
Cowlitz: = ay ; i |
Blueback salmon .-.-. 13, 000 390 20, 000 700 12, 000 420 15, 000 450
Chinook salmon ..... 81, 000 3, 240 137, 000 5, 480 82, 500 3, 300 110, 000 4,400
Silver salmon..-..... 26, 675 667 37, 150 743 53, 400 1, 068 27, 600 552
Steelhead salmon... 42, 325 1, 148 70, 850 aan} 68, 600 1 SRY/ 49, 400 863
Sturgeon ............ 218,985 | 2,300 | 255.263 | 2,871 | 503,327 | 5,468 | 505,623 5, 567
Gist an senee ae 381,985 | 7,740 | 520,263 | 11,511 | 719,827 | 11,793 | 707,623 |_ 11, 832
Jefferson: dP |
@ultus-code.9-:25---2 19, 000 500 21, 000 570 14, 000 420} 37,000 860
ialibuibee Se. tee 41, 000 820 50,000 | 1,000 60,000 | 1,200 | 90, 000 1, 800
(Herrin v5 222 dc,.ceems 15, 000 300 17, 000 340 16. 000 320 | 12, 000 240
Silver salmon .....-_.. 6, 000 300 7, 000 350 | 6, 500 325 |! 5, 000 250
melo. 222525 -- 2-2. --- 25,000 | 750 20, 000 600 | 22,000 | —«660 | _—23, 000 690
RG hale Seance ee 106,000 | _ 2,670 | 115,000 |_ 2,860 | 118,500 |_ 2,925 | 167,000 | __3, 840
King: —_
Chinook salmon. ..--- 80, 248 1, 828 93, 793 2, 686 146, 063 3, 530 145, 384 4, 136
Dos Salmonl=-5---ss. 289, 247 2,415 745, 485 5, 899 861,472 | 6,832 | 1,916, 220 12, 562
Mlounders/ eee se oe 25, 000 500 49, 000 980 70,000 | 1,400 72, 160 1, 448
erring s.52hso- see: 35, 000 525 70, 000 1, 050 102, 600 1, 530 105, 112 1,577
Humpback salmon... ASA AQT E2164) | axeeeaes Soe les eee 619,416 | 9,288 |....--- saa lostosss-
Peron .6. sosse.c cock 23, 000 460 44, 000 880 60, 000 1, 500 65, 140 1, 303
Silver salmon......-. 1, 086, 960 | 13, 922 719, 700 | 13, 952 931, 081 | 17, 220 | 1, 268, 614 22,651
SIE ltianasiaw eee eee 33, 000 825 66, 000 1, 650 75, 000 1, 875 98, 726 2,468
Steelhead salmon... 90, 570 1,811 172, 460 3, 449 209, 320 4,187 261, 142 5, 222
@rabs ae jasecees cee 14, 400 600 38, 400 1, 600 57, 600 2, 400 60, 000 2, 500
TOPS esos eons 7, 500 8, 000 10, 813 4, 325 8,413 3, 365 13, 125 5, 250
Clampia ss eles 108, 000_ : 900 204, 000 1, 700 270, 000 2, 250 30C, 000 2,500
Mota seo. aec 1,977, 352 | 29; 550 2, 213, 651 | 38, 171 3, 410, 365 55, 377 | 4,305, 623 61, 612
Klickitat: | r
Blueback salmon gece 172, 817 5, 898 357, 535 9,913 147, 773 3, 520 319, 952 8, 306
Chinook salinon -.... 112, 925 3, 667 212, 410 5, 5381 73, 848 2, 061 144, 855 4,149
Silver salmon.......-. 39, 005 836 42, 000 682 48,930 | 1,020 73, 054 1, 683
Steelhead salmon 10, 870 326 117, 875 1, 733 78, 314 2, 046 280, 870 4, 933
Bota: 2250: /5 5. 335, 617 | 10,727 | 729,820 | 17,859 | 348,865 | 8,647} 818,731 | 19, 071
Mason: j
Oysters =-:2-5-2<2c2=- 1, 500, 000 } 37, 500 | 1,524, 000 38, 100 | 1,560. 000 | 39, 000 | 1, 576, 800 32, 850
Pacific: j
Blueback salmon ...-. 111, 850 |; 5,586 213, 515 4, 270 251, 750 5, 034 943, 975 18, 970
Chinook salmon...... 1, 632, 953 | 71,569 | 2,119,975 | 63, 602 | 3,608, 300 |186, 559 | 3,456,775 | 136,118
Dor isalmone 2 e520 | sees eeeeeale eee BOSSES eae eento adlencwan Soeec Aseenre 203, 000 1, 015
SENG ise a ae Sa De 14, 125 1, 412 26, 125 2, 090 42, 186 2, 531 62, 400 1, 872
Silver salmon........ 1 1983000329 950s tence e es seneleeomeeer 443,000 | 4,730 756, 000 7, 560
Steelhead salmon 251, 520 Ti | 412, 430 4,123 464,709 | 6,537 790. 130 11, 924
(O11) 11S eae eae RI em PN | Oe le ate a ea ee A le 9, 000 750
Oysters.n 2260. 1205. 5, 609, 400 | 81, 04 6, 898, 200 100, 598 | 7, 890, 480 |105, 206 | 7, 588, 440 | 101, 179
Motals sees aece csc 8, 817, 848 197, 865 | 9, 670, 245 |174, 683 12,695, 419 |260, 597 13, 809, 720, 279, 388

he ie.

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 281

ble showing by counties and species the yield of the shore fisheries of Washington—
Continued.

SUMMARY— Continued.

: ——— ©
; 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.

| Counties and species.

> Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value. Pounds. | Value.

Pierce: |

- Chinook salmon ...-. 15, 980 $480 38, 390 | $1, 152 56, 612 | $1, 698 140,400 | $4,212
i Cultus-cod...-..----- 105, 000 2, 100 115, 000 2, 300 130,000 ; 2, 600 125, 000 2, 500
3 Dog salmon. --.------ 72, 870 729 103, 488 1, 084 91, 439 914 165, 880 1, 659

» Flounders -.--------- 80, 000 1, 200 85, 000 1, 275 115, 000 1, 725 100, 000 1, 500

Halibut .------..---- 4, 000 120 - 3,000 90 3, 500 105 3, 000 90
b Herring ------------- 165, 000 1, 659 170, 000 1, 700 175, 000 1, 750 225, 000 2, 250
- Humpback salmon .. 98,615 | 2,041 |......-.---|.------- 95,6455) 1912 |=. £2.26 --|accemten
Me Rockfish.--.....----- 42, 000 1, 260 45, 000 1, 850 50, 000 1, 500 40, 000 1, 200
Meshad ....--..-------- 1, 000 55 9, 237 724 1, 012 57 1, 100 Sumo)
'® Silver salmon.....--- 287, 535 6, 250 358, 122 7,814 356, 304 7, 136 393, 340 7, 866
{ Perel Gem cena cin oss 145,000 | 2,175 150,000 | 2, 250 175, 000 | 2,625 200, 000 3, 000
- Trout, black-spotted. 12,000 | 1,800 15,000 | 2,700 16,000 | 2,880 20, 000 3, 600
Trout, salmon ..--.--- 13, 000 390 15, 000 450 18, 000 540 20, 000 600
me rabs...------------- 8, 000 240 10, 000 300 12, 000 360 10, 000 300

Shrimp -------------- 1, 500 300 1,475 295 1, 800 450 2, 000 500
me Clams .-..----------- 330, 000 2, 750 420,.000 3, 500 466, 800 3, 890 384, 000 3, 200
' Oysters-------------- 360,000 | 7,500 390,000 | 7,312 420,000 | 7,875 598,200 | 11,216

Dogfish oil .--------- 28, 500 1, 330 30, 000 1, 400 33, 750 1, 575 37, 500 1, 750
4 41 eS Seer 1,770, 000 | 32,370 | 1,958, 712 | 35, 646 2,217, 862 | 39,592 | 2,465,420 | 45,498
San Juan:
® Herring ...-.....---- fais cache Peecbaeiod 150,000 | 1,500} 200,000 | 2,000} 250,000} 2,500

‘Skamania: | |

Blueback salmon ---- 133, 315 5, 443 684, 745 | 20, 442 118, 925 3, 568 432, 280 12, 968

~ Chinook salmon ..... | 99, 275 4, 001 518, 675 | 15,560 171, 875 5, 181 257, 400 7, 762

Steelhead salmon -.---, 5, 010 | 190 29, 080 752 67,010 | 1,950 | 383,190| 8,421
Mote ease 5 uno 237,600 | 9,634 | 1, 232,500 | 36, 754 357, 810 | 10,699 | 1,072,870 | 29, 151

“Thurston:

_ Oysters.------------- | 78, 000 1, 800 76, 800 1, 920 115, 200 | 2,880 132, 000 2,750

~ Wahkiakum:

Blueback salmon -.-- 7, 460 373 59,135 | 1,178 38,820 | 1,165 366,000 | 10,986
Chinook salmon .-.--- | 7, 070, 100 |348, 117 | 6,276, 800 /193, 188 5,493,975 203,019 | 5,124, 250 | 193, 298
MSTIRG <2.-2252 <-—-0225¢ 5, 885 588 8, 805 705 16, 708 1, 002 39, 850 1, 256

Steelhead salmon ---- 553, 590 | 16, 607 535, 240 5, 351 428,170 | 17, 768 619, 060 11, 084

inteliae oe mcm 7, 637, 035 |365, 685 | 6, 879, 980 |200, 422 | 5,977,673 212,954 | 6,149, 160 | 216, 624
~ Whatcom:

Blueback salmon ....|-----------]------+++|----------+/--20+27° 522,760 | 11, 202 274, 225 5, 876

oe BalmOn 2 ...- 25 --|-----------|.=- +2295 |---- += nie fosa seo s2|o-F snore oneness = 605, 825 3, 459

Silver salmon....-.--|-----------|--------|----------+}e--+---° 103,125 | 1,100 163, 950 1, 749

Sp te ees ee SS BRE S| eo Bea 625,885 | 12,302 | 1,043,500 | 11, 084
_ All counties:
Blueback salmon ..-.. 490, 192 | 19,427 | 1, 487, 100 | 39,558 1, 145, 858 | 26, 764 | 2,513,932 | 62, 431
~ Chinook salmon ..-.-. 10, 207, 756 (455, 913 | 9, 547, 343 /291, 333 | 9,723, 673 |358, 123 | 9, 843,627 363, 363
_ Cultus-cod...-.------ 254, 000 5, 100 256, 000 5, 220 259, 000 5, 295 279, 000 5, 665
_ Dog salmon..---.---- 409, 327 4,109 912, 773 8, 208 | 1, 008, 051 8, 806 | 3,304,115 | 22,070
= Flounders ..-..-..--.--- 105, 000 1, 700 134, 000 2, 255 193, 150 3, 288 184, 560 3,191
ME ALIOMb--------+--5- 345,000 | 5,440 333, 000 5, 290 378, 500 6, 655 447, 000 7, 925
f Herring —.2.-..----== 215,000 | 2,475 407, 000 4,590 508, 000 5, 750 617, 112 6, 817
Humpback salmon...| 322,392 | 5,615 |...-..-----|.------. Thay ay oh Sey di ee Se ee et
SEP ONCN. -.--><0---- 6-2 23, 000 460 44, 000 880 60, 000 1, 500 65, 140 1, 303
me Rockfish.......-----. 102,000 | 2,910 110,000 | 3,075 150,000 | 4,275 163, 000 4,515
SUT aE 21,010 | 2,055 44, 167 3,519 59, 900 3, 590 103,350 | 3, 183
Silver salmon...----- 4,012,815 | 86,664 | 1,410,172 | 30, 291 2, 176, 320 | 38,912 | 3,588,345 | 59,813
F Smelt-..-.--. 6 OP 203,000 | 3,750 236, 000 4, 500 272, 000 5, 160 321, 726 6, 158
Steelhead salmon .... 962, 805 | 27,884 | 1,362,615 | 17,372 1, 325, 423 | 24, 279 | 2,419, 192 43, 419
Sturgeon ..---.------ 218,985 | 2,300 255, 263 2, 871 503, 327 5, 468 543, 623 5, 757
Trout, black-spotted. 12, 000 1, 800 15, 000 2,700 16,000 | 2,880 20, v00 3, 600
@ Trout, salmon.....-.-. 13, 000 390 15, 000 450 18, 000 | 540 20, 000 600
t Fur-seal pelts....-..-|28---------|--------|-----------[e++-2-2-|-22073- 725" eee desc] seeks tne 2,700
Z Frogs.--------------. 7,500 | 3,000 10,813 | 4,325 8, 413 3, 365 18, 125 5, 250
* EAIKIG aocte Se wine. 6~ we wes 438,000 | 3, 650 624,000 | 5, 200 736, 800 6, 140 684,000 | 5,700
BO NSEDD oon aie 2 anc — ni 22, 400 840 48, 400 1, 900 69,600 | 2,760 79, 000 3,550
q RL ITY See eons oe 1, 500 300 1,475 295 1, 800 450 2, 000 500
Ovsters-..---.-----+- 7,547,400 128, 604 | 8, 889, 000 147,930 | 9,985, 680 |154, 961 | 9,895, 440 147, 995
t Vii ae Ome oo SOB) oa. G00 eae aS BRANT eae. cls atic 600
© Dogfish oil.....--.-... 28,500 | 1,330 30, 000 1, 400 33, 750 1, 575 | 37, 500 1, 750
Grand total..-.... 25, 962,582 766,516 [26 173, 121 |583, 762 |29, 386, 186 |684, 893 [> 144, 787 | 767, 855
|

—— a

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284 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

PACIFIC COUNTY.

This county is favorably located in respect to its fishing resources, |
One-half‘of its southern border is at the mouth of the Columbia River,
Here are located over 300 pound nets used in the salmon fishery, many |

of which areowned in the county. Here, also, a large part of the salmon

eatch of the river is taken and distributed among the salmon canneries |

on both sides of the river. Here, at certain seasons, sardines, herring,
shad, and other varieties not now utilized hold out inducements for the
extension of the fisheries. '

Just outside of the mouth of the Columbia, and off the shores of |
Pacific County, are good fishing-grounds on which may be found in |

more or less abundance, at all seasons of the year, rockfish, flounders,

perch, halibut, and numerous other varieties of good food-fish, to all of |

which only slight attention is given.

At the northern end of the county Willapa Harbor is a good haven |

for shelter, and leading from it is Willapa Bay, formerly known as

Shoalwater Bay, which is noted for its extensive beds of native oysters, |

as well as the abundance of salmon occurring during the fall.

The fisheries of Willapa Bay are confined to the salmon and oyster
business, in addition to which a small uae of crabs taken in the
salmon aes are utilized.

The run of salmon was fair in 1889, light in 1890 and 1891, and the

largest in many years in 1892. The fish in 1892 were also of larger

size and better quality than the average of past years. Three can-,

neries are located on the bay, but only one of them was packing during
1892. The low price of canned salmon and the light run in 1890 and
1891 were so discouraging to the canners that two of the canneries did
not resume in 1892, and the only one packing was ill prepared for the
large run, and was obliged to shut down in the height of the season,
owing to lack of cans in which to pack. The first salmon to enter

this bay are the chinooks, locally known as black salmon; they run

from the last of July to the last of August, with some stragglers later.
Silver salmon appear about the middie of August and drop off in Sep-

tember, to be followed by dog salmon and another run of silver salmon

during the last of September or early in October. A few steelheads are

found in November, but only alight run of them occurs before December,

after which they are to be found more or less abundantly all winter.
The salmon catch is chiefly by pound nets, of which twelve were

located on North River and three on Willapa River, near their entrance

to the bay. As showing the abundance of salmon in 1892, the catch of
_ 1,700 salmon, of which 1,460 were silver salmon, at one lift of a single
pound net may be recorded. Pound nets are put down in August,
previous to which time the fishing in Willapa Bay is of small extent
and for local use.

The prices paid the salmon fishermen during 1892 were 10 cents each

for silver salmon, 25 cents each for chinook salmon, and 5 cents each for

! PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 285

dog salmon. During 1892 no arrangements had been made for salting
ithe catch of salmon, and preparations for canning were based on the
“expectation of only a light run, as in the two previous years. At the
‘date of closing, thousands of salmon were taken from the pound nets
‘only to be refused at the cannery and then thrown away from want of
‘salt and barrels in which to cure or tins in which to pack them; the
‘fishing was consequently discontinued.

During December, 1892, the railroad reached Willapa Bay, its ter-
‘minal being at South Bend on the Willapa River. The first house in
‘South Bend is reported to have been built in 188); in 1892 the town had
‘a population of 2,000. With the advent of the railroad a cold-storage
‘company was organized to engage extensively in the fresh-fish trade.
‘Should the plans of the company be realized it would be of great
‘advantage to the fishermen and would provide an outlet for any such
jabundance of salmon as was witnessed in 1892.

The growth of the salmon fishery of Willapa Bay from 1890 to 1892
‘was phenomenal, In 1890 the only salmon taken were for local use.
‘In 1891 30,000 pounds of silver salmon were shipped fresh, in addition

to the local consumption. In 1892 10,800 cases of silver salmon and
12,900 cases of dog salmon were canned, and 75,000 pounds of fresh
‘ehinook salmon were sent to market, the total catch of the 45 salmon
fishermen being 1,054,000 pounds, valued at $10,075.

The oyster industry of Willapa Bay has its principal headquarters at
‘Bay Center, though the business is important at Oysterville. In 1892
365 persons were employed, including 143 Indians; $47,735 was invested,
and the value of the output was $101,179. Next to San Francisco Bay,
the oyster industry of Willapa Bay is more important than elsewhere
on the Pacific Coast.

Since the oyster beds in Willapa Bay were visited by the writer in
1889 they had suffered severe loss from numerous storms; at times
the shoal fvaters of the bay would sweep the oysters from the beds,
leaving them in rows, buried in the mud and grass of the bottom.
Thousands of bushels of oysters were thus killed. With the increased
care of the beds, the replanting of the small oysters and of shells, the
great losses by storms have been overcome, and the quantity of oysters
taken for market has been kept up to the average of late years. For
years the business was carried on with little or no regard to the future
interest of the beds, the chief and only aim of the fishermen seemingly
being to take all the oysters possible during the time permitted, without
cultivating or caring for the bedsin any way. The decline in the native
beds called attention to the necessity for preserving them from complete
depletion, and measures were taken by the State with that end in view.

During the open season before cold weather the native oysters are
gathered by hand at low tide, the beds being entirely exposed, and
only the market oysters being taken. With the return of the tide the
oystermen work from boats with tongs, and the catch under such cir-
cumstances is culled, all small oysters and old shells being returned to

J

a

286 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

the water. During the prevalence of cold weather rakes and shovels
take the place of hand-picking at low tide, and the oysters are culled, |
as is done with those taken by means of tongs.

The oysters gathered at Bay Center are mostly marketed at San
Francisco; those taken at Oysterville go to Portland, Oreg.

The quantity and value of the oyster output of the bay in 1889, 1890, |
1891, and 1892 were as follows:

1889. | 1890. 1891. 1892.
Location. we
Bushels.| Value. | Bushels.| Value. | Bushels.| Value. | Bushels.| Value.
Bay Center ..-....- 80, 490 $70, 429 100, 720 $88, 130 118, 268 $94, 614 114, 250 $91, 400 |
Oysterville ...-.... 18, 006 11, 375 14, 250 12, 468 13, 240 10, 592 12, 224 9; Tio
Total ssccice 93,490 | 81,804 114, 970 | 100, 598 1381, 508 105, 206 126, 474 101, 179

CHEHALIS COUNTY.

The fisheries of this county are located on the Chehalis River, mostly |
near its mouth, and in Grays Harbor. In addition to the commercial
fishing which is there carried on, considerable quantities of fish are also
taken by Indians belonging on the Quinaiult Reservation, who fish in
the river of the same name for local consumption. Fishing in the
Chehalis River is done by means of gill nets and pound nets, the only
fish utilized being salmon and sturgeon. Ocean food-fish in great
abundance and variety are found just outside the harbor. These,
together with the salmon, sturgeon, trout, and other fish found in the
river and bay, will doubtless lead to a marked development of the
fisheries of this county within a short time.

During 1889 three canneries were located on the Chehalis River
whose aggregate pack was 31,550 cases. The very large output of
canned salmon in that year on the west coast resulted in such low
prices that many canneries were kept idle during the next two years,
among which were the three canneries on this river. The only fishing
carried on during 1890 and 1891 was a limited amount of gill-net salmon
fishing in the Chehalis, and the Indian fishing already alluded to.

In December, 1891, a branch of the Pacific Railroad was opened to
Ocosta, near the entrance to Grays Harbor. The facilities for ship-
ment thus furnished and the opening of a cannery the following year
revived the business that for two years had been almost abandoned.
A cold-storage company was organized which contemplated entering
largely into the fresh-fish business and shipping to Atlantic cities by
means of refrigerator cars. During the fall of 1892 the run of the
several varieties of salmon was very good. Chinooks, locally known as
black salmon, entered the river in limited numbers as early as August
10, and by the 15th they were quite abundant; their average weight
was 24 pounds. Silver salmon were found from the last of September
to the first of November, averaging 12 pounds in weight. There wasa’
short run of dog salmon from October 10 to November 1, these fish

' , PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 287

, having an average weight of 12 pounds. There was also a small run
of dog salmon in the river after November 1. Steelheads are found
‘from November to the following March, but the closing of the canneries
_before the run begins had, prior to building the railroad, prevented
their utilization. The prices received by the salmon fishermen in 1892
/were 30 cents each for chinooks, 15 cents each for silver salmon, and

'5 cents each for dog salmon. In 1892 there were 102 fishermen em-
ployed in the salmon fishery of the Chehalis River, 34 of whom came
from the Columbia River after the close of the season on that stream.
Of the capital employed, amounting to $52,285, $7,300 represented nets,
boats, etc., brought from the Columbia. Fifty-eight Chinamen were
‘employed as cannery hands. The aggregate catch of salmon on the
Chehalis in 1892 was 1,472,215 pounds, with a value to the fishermen
of $22,050. This quantity included salmon canned, used locally, and

Ripped fresh by express. During the years 1889 and 1892, when
‘salmon canning was done on this river, the following quantities of the
‘different kinds of salmon were packed:

(

Species. 1889. 1892.
( —-
Cases. Cases.
Thinooks 3 ESBS AGS 2 PET IEC BARE Se etn Re Ds tee 13, 240 | 4, 500
Mert te meet Ce tas whe oe where sam sala Gee clots Lew chlehis ov ote cee she coma cmiaclatia doe celes 18, 310 7, 700
oe on ie ono onic eee a ere Se winnie oie Gti pgne «cone Sens ae, chooes sewanies samen secee Sepa cee eee | 4, 600
Ti eee Ne TRS SiO ieee ean Oe ee Ss ead "81,550 | 16, 800

Sturgeon have always been more or less abundant in the Chehalis
|River, but up toa recent date no value was attached to them, and
‘those found in the pound nets were knocked in the head and thrown
away. Direct rail communication soon brought buyers from Puget
‘Sound, and no more sturgeon were discarded. In 1892 38,000 pounds of
‘sturgeon incidentally taken in the pound nets were disposed of; the price
received by the fishermen being one-half cent a pound gross weight.

A few fine shad are taken in the pound nets of Chehalis River, but
no special fishing for shad is done at any time. No nets of any kind
are used until the fall run of salmon begins, by which time the run of
‘shad is probably nearly over. The few shad taken are eaten by the
‘fishermen. Salmon trout are found plentifully in the Chehalis River,
‘but are fished for only by sportsmen.

JEFFERSON COUNTY.

Phe fishing business of this county centers at Port Townsend. The
‘many advantages which this point possesses for the carrying on of an
extensive fishing industry have often been mentioned. The city has
one of the best harbors on the Pacific coast. Many varieties of desir-
able food-fish are to be found almost at the city’s docks. The halibut,
cod, and other fish, which are found in abundance just within and out-
‘side the Strait of San Juan de Fuca, are much nearer to Port Townsend
than to any other city or important shipping point. The fisheries have

not reached that stage of development which was anticipated a few
.

<7
ee

288 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

years ago, chiefly for the reason that the attempts to utilize the fine
resources of the region have not been sufficiently extensive and enough
capital has not been put into the business to demonstrate the success
of the industry. The great depression in all kinds of business during
the past few years had its effects here as elsewhere and prevented the
introduction of new enterprises or the enlargement of those already in
existence. There is little reason to doubt that in the near future
the fishing business of this county will be of great importance. A |
number of small-sized sailboats using hand lines for cultus-cod and

alibut furnish the city with an abundance of food-fish, the surplus
catch being sent to the various ports on Puget Sound. This, at pres-
ent, constitutes the extent of the fishing industry of the county, with |
the exception of a small amount of seine fishing for herring and smelt.
The western end of this county, which borders on the Pacific Ocean,
is mountainous and unsettled, and maintains no fisheries.

CLALLAM COUNTY.

On the west this county abuts on the Pacific Ocean, while its northern
border extends the entire length of the Strait of Fuca. It is therefore
conveniently located with reference to the fishing-grounds, and it main-—
tains fisheries of great and growing importance. - The chief fishing
centers are Neah Bay, Port Angeles, and Dungeness.

The fishery resources of this county are varied and valuable. The
western section is mountainous and sparsely settled, and the fishing is
confined to the taking of salmon by the Indians living along the banks
of the Quillainte River, which flows through their reservation. Small
quantities of halibut and cod, with an occasional whale, are also taken
by these Indians, who depend chiefly on these products for their winter
supply of food. During the early spring months, for several weeks, the
fur sealis found resting and feeding off the shores of this county before
proceeding on its migration to Bering Sea. In the fall immense num-
bers of salmon come in from the ocean on their way up the strait and
sound. Herring, anchovies, and smelt are also found in large bodies.
The fishing banks and shoals in the immediate vicinity of the north-
western end of the county abound with fish, of which halibut, cultus-cod,
rockfish, and black-cod are most sought after, while flounders, perch,
dogfish, sharks, sculpins, and many other species are also abundant.
The value of the fishery resources of this section has long been known,
but up to the past few years the attempts made to utilize the resources
have been limited.

In 1889 these fisheries were investigated for the United States Fish
Commission by the writer, who again visited the region in 1892. In the
interim the attention of the fishermen had been especially directed to
this section by the printed reports distributed by the Commission, and
as a result the fishermen largely extended their operations in that
vicinity, marketing their catch at the various cities on the strait and
sound, whence the surplus was shipped to the interior.

'
;

4 PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 289
oa
Neah Bay.—The most important of the fishing communities of this
county is Neah Bay, located on a reservation of the Makah Indians.
Its nearness to the fishing-grounds makes it important as a harbor of
refuge for fishermen of this entire region. In 1892 the Indians of Neah
Bay numbered 442. They are industrious, self-supporting, quiet, and
peaceable. The only work performed by them is connected with the
fisheries, with the exception that during the hop-picking season men,

women, and children are engaged in the hopyards of the white settlers

of distant counties on or near Puget Sound. As reported in 1889, these
Indians continue to procure the larger part of their food supply from
the fishing-grounds of the Strait of Fuca and the adjacent ocean. No
records are kept of their catch, and the amounts credited in the tables
are based on careful estimates made at the agency.

Halibut are the favorite food-fish of the Indians. It is estimated
at the agency that 280,000 pounds of this fish are used annually as food,
in addition to the quantities sold. During 1892 a fishing firm located

at Tacoma had a steamer employed in visiting the grounds near Cape
Flattery and buying the catch from the Indians and the small sailing
vessels of whitemen. It is the practice of the Indians to go into camp
near Cape Flattery, where the fish are dressed and disposed of, those
not sold fresh being taken home and smoked for future use. The home
market thus created induced a largely increased catch.

The average daily catch of a halibut canoe is about 40 fish, having
an average weight of 30 pounds, many of the fish taken being much
heavier. The fishing season is from the middle of May to the middle
of August, after which time three-fourths of the Indians leave for the
hop vineyards. The halibut continue to be taken by the Indians with
large, cumbersome wooden hooks made by them, which they prefer to
the regular trade hooks used by white men. Halibut have been found
in their usual abundance on the several fishing-grounds inside and
outside the Strait of Fuca, although the larger catch is taken in the
ocean. Inrough and stormy weather fishing can be successfully carried
on inside the mouth of the strait.

In 1892 new grounds were resorted to with excellent results. These
were located from 25 to 40 miles southwest from Cape Flattery, and
fishing was done ina depthof 75fathoms. The Indians of this county
pay but little attention to salmon. Their catch is only made by troll-
ing a bone or spoon hook in the American waters of the Strait of
Fuca. The principal portion of the salmon run, which occurs in the fall,
is said to be on the British side of the strait, on reaching the inner
extremity of which the fish turn into their customary routes, one body
going into Puget Sound and one going northward into the Strait of
Georgia destined for the Fraser River.

The pursuit of the fur seal is an important branch of the fisheries
carried on by the Indians of Neah Bay. Small sailing vessels making
their headquarters at that point are employed, several of which are
owned by the Indians. In addition to the five sailing vessels used, in

F. R. 93 19 “

290 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

1892 two others were bought and one was built in Seattle, too late for
use during that year, all of which were to be put into this fishery in
the following season.

Whales are pursued in large canoes that often go 15 or 20 miles
from the shore. Only harpoons and lances are employed by the Indians
in the whale fishery. After being killed, the whale is buoyed with large
air bags made from the skins of sea lions and towed to the shore, where
it is soon cut up and divided among the tribe. The blubber is cut into
long, narrow strips and smoked for later use as one of their favorite
articles of food.

The Indian, almost from infancy, is familiar with the canoe and its
management. Very young children are often noticed dexterously
manipulating the paddle in miniature canoes, and during youth the
greater part of the life of the Indians is spent in their canoes. Strange
to say, however, they do not feel safe on the deck of a vessel and seldom
become good sailors. Even in the fur-seal fishery in which the Indians
are the owners of the vessels employed, they never go any distance
from land without having a white man aboard as navigator.

On returning from a fishing trip, the work of the Indian fisherman
ceases until he again enters his canoe. The women meet the boats as
soon as they land and attend to all the details connected with the care
and preservation of the catch.

The canoes used by the Indians are all made of red cedar, each from
a single log. Canoes of different sizes are employed in the different
fisheries, the standards being about as follows:

Dimensions and crews of Indian canoes, Neah Bay.

Fisheries in which employed. Length. Beam. | Crew.

Feet. Feet
Salone ce scce massa demstaee od foes ome eee caine eecles Sunn OE eee ERE Eee 10 2ito3|] 1to2
Halibut ces eet s ME Seta Vek ee See 8 aed Pee eee ee oe ieee ee 30 to 33 5 | 4to6
Wihale = o.2 Seca se 2 i sapere bas Aare Tei Oe On ee ee eee Oe ee ee see 35 to 40 6to7 8
UT ISOR sco secre wis stasere ceo nee eel ee ee ee eee Aine 22: 24 2

The quantities and values of the products taken by the Indians of
Neah Bay when fishing in their canoes were as follows, the figures
applying to each of the years 1889 to 1892, inclusive. In addition to
the products shown, the Indians of the same tribe and county living
on the Quillaiute River took 300 fur seals, valued at $2,700, and a large
amount of fish for local consumption of which no estimate can be given.

1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.
Species.

Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value,

aD Where set nes see nee 300, 000 | $4,500 | 280,000 | $4,200 | 290,000 | $4,350 | 325,000] $4, 875
A IMOM seca eee cciae eee 48, 000 720 35, 000 525 42, 000 630 60, 000 900
Cod (cultus and black) -.... 100,000 | 1,500 90,000 | 1,350 85,000 | 1,275 87, 000 1, 305
TROGKNSH Ae sess soo seces cs 10, 000 150 15, 000 225 15, 000 225 25, 000 75
Winalesi sc. - ss 5 number. . (4) 8c0 (3) 600 (12) 2, 400 (3) 600
Total’. hs 7025.6 3. 458,000 | 7,650 |- 420,000 | 6,900 | 432,000 | 8,880 | 497,000| 8,055

7 PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 291

- During 1889 and 1890 the sealing vessels of Neah Bay were seized
for illegal sealing. In 1891 they took 815 seals, which were sold for
$14,947, and in the following year 1,743 seals were killed, which
brought $16,537. Three vessels were used in 1891 and five in 1892.

Port Angeles.—Prior to 1891 the fisheries of this port were confined
to the operations of the Indians who live in the vicinity, but with the
growth of the place during the years covered by this report more atten-
tion was given to developing the fishing business. A fishing and
canning company under the name of the Port Angeles Packing Com-
pany was organized in 1892, a small cannery was built, and $10,000 was
invested in the plant. The business was started too late in the season
to do more than prepare for the ensuing year.

Two small vessels and several boats were engaged in the line and
gill-net fisheries of this place, the catch, consisting of cultus-cod, hali-
but, and salmon, being marketed at Port Townsend or Seattle, when
not sold locally. Fish of numerous varieties are fairly abundant at
most seasons of the year, and the port has one of the best harbors in
this region. It would therefore appear that with the further growth
of the country the fisheries will receive more attention. In 1891 and
1892 the following quantities of fish were taken by the fishermen of
Port Angeles and the immediate vicinity, including some Indian fisher-
men of Elwha Creek, located 6 miles west of Port Angeles:

1891. + 1892.
Species.
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
BERET aetna = naan aa cise micas ote eeatetwecisdasaclendeeds <ee'me 30, 000 $600 46, 000 $870
MCRREDTG ee cctenta a can satanab Scam Sh cide t= tnlaw eee tke ceeico wu bn etic 25, 000 1, 000 34, 000 1, 180
okt Spe Oot ASS Roe Se Roe Bene D oe EO ee POCO oes 35, 000 1, 050 50, 000 1, 480
Sita eee otter aintlae atte ola cinidalc wiciiu(nnGacloupiecide onmbintatewnic sis ct 90, 000 2, 650 130, 000 3, 530

Dungeness.—Dungeness is a settlement composed for the most part of
Indians, with only a few white families. The section is rough and
mountainous, the harbor is shallow, and the conditions do not appear
favorable for a great increase in the fisheries. Some little fishing is
carried on from canoes, with hooks and lines, by Clallam Indian men
and women. Any surplus catch, which is seldom made, finds a market
at Seattle. The quantity taken varies but little from year to year, and
in 1892 was about as follows:

Species. Pounds. | Value.
co Uren wae Sata ee Sieh nd 0 RTE Ss Ss ote oe 125,000 | $3, 750
SRN ATC) DLAC K- COWELL 0d anaes bens cascwelwsizc so cae cede mvidubta stuns cmmelcweau can 30, 000 1, 000
(7 SL CY SS ce a eee MST Win ctajas!areiniata a « Kloten Sin aicetes eee eats aa wel 50, 000 1, 500
ME ARR eM Ser Say a ve a / 205,000 | 6, 250

292 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

PIERCE COUNTY.

This county occupies the head of Puget Sound and has as its fishing
center Tacoma, where most of the fishermen of the county reside and
nearly all of the catch is marketed. With the recent growth of the
city, the construction of a large cold-storage warehouse, and the invest-
ment of more capital in the industry, the outlook for the fisheries is
very encouraging to the fishermen, and the results of the business
present a considerable increase since the last report.

The principal fisheries are for salmon, carried on with pound nets;
for cultus-cod, halibut, and rockfish, with lines; for flounders, herring,
salmon, smelt, etc., with seines; and for oysters and clams, with tongs.
The most important single products are oysters and silver salmon.

During 1892 a firm largely interested in the fisheries placed the
steamer Francis Cutting in the business. This steamer was chiefly
used as a transporter, making frequent trips from Tacoma to the several
fishing banks of the scund and strait. The fishing season extended
from May 1 to November 2, during which time about 500,000 pounds of
halibut, 50,000 pounds of black-cod, and 75,000 pounds of cultus-cod
were bought from the fishermen on the fishing-grounds, in addition to
which the crew of the steamer caught about 20,000 pounds of halibut.
On securing a fare the steamer returned to Tacoma, where the catch
was placed in cold storage until needed. Fishing for halibut and the
other fish is done by a small fleet of sailing vessels using hand lines.

Besides the halibut, black-cod, and cultus-cod brought in by the
steamer, this firm handled considerable quantities of salmon, smelt, and
sturgeon. After supplying the local demand, the surplus catch was
packed in refrigerator cars and shipped to points east of the Rocky
Mountains. The sturgeon handled came by rail from Grays Harbor
the other fish were caught locally. This was probably the first year in
which smelt were sent from the Pacific Coast to the Kast. The business
of freezing and shipping fresh fish to eastern points promises a large
increase in the near future. In 1891 one car, with 20,000 pounds of
fresh fish, was senteast. In 1892, up to the middle of December, eleven
cars, coutaining 297,369 pounds of fresh frozen fish, had been sent,
while half a dozen car loads still remained in storage, to be forwarded
later.

KING COUNTY.

The most important fishing center of this county is Seattle. The
rapid growth in the population of Seattle, the building of a cold-storage
warehouse, and the establishment of new fishing firms have led to a
threefold increase in the fisheries of this county as compared with 1888.

The sa:mon canning business of Seattle and vicinity has fluctuated
considerably in recent years. In 1889 three canneries were operated.
During that season one was destroyed by fire, and the following year
another shared the same fate, and the third was closed. The cannery
destroyed in 1890 was burned during the packing season, but the
business was continued in a hastily provided temporary building, the

1 PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 293

packing for the season being necessarily much reduced, owingeto the
interruption. A large new cannery to replace the loss by fire was con-
structed, and was the only one in operation during the years 1891 and
1892. The most abundant salmon taken in this county is the dog sal-
mon, which constitutes about five-twelfths of the catch. Silver salmon
is next in abundance, representing one-third the catch, while steelhead
and chinook salmon, respectively, comprise one-sixth and one-twelfth
of the yield. In 1889 about three-eighths of the salmon catch of this
county was obtained by means of pound nets, but in the later years
the use of purse seines bas been increasing and pound nets have been
given up, so that in 1892 three-fourths of the catch was made with purse
seines and one-fourth with gill nets.

A fleet of small-sized schooners, built for the fisheries during the
years 1891 and 1892, at once inaugurated the halibut fishery, and their
catch met with a ready sale at Seattle.

The business of shipping fish fresh in refrigerator cars is growing in
importance. Shipments are as yet confined to fresh salmon and halibut

- consigned mostly to points east of the Missouri River. Each car carries
from 12 to 18 tons of fish. In 1890 six’carloads, comprising 195,250
pounds of fresh fish, were sent east from Seattle; the following year,
nineteen carloads, aggregating 690,210 pounds, were sent east. Up to
December 1, 1892, five carloads, equivaient to 121,550 pounds, had been
sent, and it is probable that the shipments during the remainder of the
year would make the aggregate for the season fully equal to that of 1891.

The Puget Sound and Alaska Commercial Company, of Seattle, was
the pioneer of the cod-fishing business of that city. The firm began
operations in February, 1892, and on March 5 of that year sent the _
schooner Moonlight, of 68 tons, with a crew of 17 men, on the first cod-
fishing trip from Seattle. The vessel fished in Bering Sea and returned
to Seattle on August 20 with 175,000 pounds of salt cod. Soon after
being landed the fish were prepared in the usual manner as boneless
cod and placed on the market.: The suecess attending this first trip
and the favorable reception accorded the prepared catch indicate that
the future may see this business largely increased.

The pelagic fur-seal fishery has for many years received considerable
attention in Seattle. Of late more vessels and larger craft have been
engaged in this branch of the fisheries. During 1892 the vessels were
very successful in taking seals and in receiving good prices in the
London market, to which the entire catch was sent. At the close of
1892 vessels were being overhauled and made ready for an early start
in January, 1893, for the distant sealing-grounds off the coast of Japan.

SKAGIT COUNTY.

This county is favorably located with reference to the f shing-grounds
of the Strait of Fuca and Strait of Georgia, and will no doubt come
into prominence with the further settlement of the section, but at the
present time it maintains no logal fisheries, and the only feature which

294 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

entitles it to mention is the offshore cod fishery carried on from Ana-
cortes, in this county. During 1892 direct rail communication was
established between Seattle and this county, with the water terminal
at Anacortes. This town was one of many communities that the open-
ing of the railroad brought into existence. Up to the date of the visit
of the agent of the Fish Commission no attention had been given to
the fisheries, with the exception of the cod fishery noted.

In 1891 Capt. J. A. Matteson, of Provincetown, Mass., brought to
Anacortes the schooner Lizzie Colby, which had for a number of years
been engaged in the Grand Banks cod fishery out of Provincetown.
On the arrival of the vessel she was at once sent to the fishing banks
in Bering Sea. Although the season was late when fishing began and
the operations were continued only twenty days, 85,000 pounds of cod-
fish were taken and brought to Anacortes. On March 17, 1892, this
pioneer vessel in the cod fishery of Washington sailed from Anacortes
on her second trip to Bristol Bay, Alaska, returning August 30 with
364,000 pounds of codfish, which were caught in three months’ fishing.
On the return of the vessel the cargo was stored under pickle in tanks
until needed. As occasion requires, the fish are dried on outdoor
flakes, and prepared for market as boneless codfish. The fish are sold
in Seattle, Portland, and other cities of the west coast, and one car load
was Sent to Boston, Mass.

WHATCOM COUNTY.

This is the most northern county of the Pacific Coast of the United
States. It lies at the southern entrance to the Gulf of Georgia and
just northeast of the Strait of Fuca, and is of considerable importance
in connection with the fisheries. Salmon on their way to the Fraser
River pass the shores of this county, off which they are usually found
about a month earlier than they are in the Fraser. The fisheries are
centered at Point Roberts, a military reservation. Numerous varieties
of fish are here found, but only salmon at the present time have any
commercial importance. Previous to the establishment of a salmon
cannery at Point Roberts in 1891, all the fishing of the county was
confined to the period of the early run of salmon on their way to the
Fraser. At that time the catch, of which no reliable report could be
procured, was used locally, and sold to the canneries over the boundary
line, on the Fraser River, and was much less than in 1891 and 1892.

During 1892 over three-fourths of the catch was taken by the 85
white men using purse seines and pound nets, and less than one-fourth
by 100 Indian fishermen employing reef nets and gill nets. The reef
net, of which a diagram and description were given in the previous
report on the fisheries of this coast, is gradually going out of use, only
10 being used in 1892, against 20 in 1891. The proportional quantities
of salmon taken with the different kinds of apparatus are as follows:
Pound nets, two-tenths; purse seines, six-tenths; gill nets, one-tenth;
reef nets, one-tenth. Silver salmon and skowitz or dog salmon are
taken by purse seines and gill nets; sockeye or blueback salmon are

7 PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 295

caught by pound nets, while all species are taken in small quantities
in reef nets. The average gross weights of the different species of
salmon taken at Point Roberts in 1892 were as follows: Blueback
salmon, 7 pounds; silver salmon, 74 pounds; dog salmon, 104 pounds.
The prices paid to the fishermen for these fish were 15 cents, 8 cents,
and 6 cents, respectively.

The total quantity of salmon taken in 1891 was 625,885 pounds, and
in 1892 1,043,500 pounds, all of which were caught and used in canning
at Point Roberts. ut

SAN JUAN COUNTY.

This county consists of numerous islands lying midway between the
island of Vancouver on the west and Skagit County on the east, in
the direct line of migration of the large bodies of salmon on their way
from the ocean to the Fraser River and other streams of the northwest
coast. While the opportunities for commercial fishing for salmon and
other fishes are regarded as extremely good, the fishing industry is

insignificant. On Waldron Island some attention was given to the
taking and smoking of herring during the years 1891 and 1892, several
hundred thousand pounds of raw material being utilized annually.
After being smoked the fish are packed in small boxes holding 5 or 6
pounds, and find a ready market in the cities of the Pacific Coast.

THE OYSTER BUSINESS OF PUGET SOUND.

Native oyster beds are abundant in Mason and Thurston counties,
the beds in Mason County being in Oakland Bay, Case Inlet, Totten
Inlet or Oyster Bay, and Hood Canal, and those of Thurston County
in Mud Bay near Olympia; all of these bodies of water are tributary
to Puget Sound. During the past few years more attention has been
given to the native beds of this region. The small seed oysters obtained
from the cull have been planted, and starfish found on the beds have
been destroyed. In all cases in which some care has been bestowed on
the beds a gain in the output has resulted, while localities where the

_ beds have received no attention have generally shown a decrease, some
beds worked as late as 1889 now being abandoned. In past years
starfish have been very destructive to the native beds of Puget Sound;
of late the efforts to rid the beds of this injurious animal have been
increased, and depredations have been almost entirely prevented. The
beds are exposed at low tide, at which time the starfish are gathered
by hand and with forks, and used on the land for fertilizer.

In taking oysters in the Puget Sound region tongs are ,but little
used—in some instances not at all, the oysters being picked by hand at
low tide, and carried to floats, where they are culled, small seed oysters
and shells being returned to the beds.

Market oysters are sent to Olympia, Tacoma, Seattle, and other
points, in sacks containing 115 pounds, equivalent to 2 bushels. Prices
in 1889 were $3 per sack, and in 1891 and 1892 $2.50 per sack. The
oyster season is from September 1 to May 1. Two sacks per day are
considered a fair quantity to be jaken by one man,

296 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Considerable interest is being taken in the question as to whether
eastern oysters will propagate or thrive in the waters of Puget Sound.
It is reported that the experiment will soon be given a trial by planting
a consignment of oysters from the East.

The extent of the oyster industry of Puget Sound in the years 1889
to 1892, inclusive, is shown in the following tables. The number of
men engaged and the capital invested in this industry show little
change from year to year, although there has been a slight increase in
the quantity of products, with a reduction in their value. In addition
to the persons shown in the table, there were perhaps as many more
employed at odd times in connection with the industry, but their
operations were too brief to entitle them to mention in the tables. In
addition to the quantities of oysters given for Mason and Thurston
counties, about 10,000 bushels are taken annually from these counties
by fishermen living at Tacoma, to which place their catch is credited.

In 1892 small beds of a bivalve mollusk (Placunanomia macroschisma)
of no economic value were found between Tacoma aud Seattle. Con-
siderable attention was given to this discovery, because of the extensive
notices in the press. By the newspapers the shellfish were almost
invariably designated as valuable beds of eastern oysters. Their shells
were about the size of a medium eastern oyster. The soft part of most
of them was of a bright red color, resembling fresh meat rather than
shellfish. The Indians of the sound have long been familiar with these
mollusks, and report them as good for food at certain seasons and as
poisonous at other times. No experiments as to their value for food
were made by the whites, and the beds remain undisturbed.

Persons employed in the oyster industry of Puget Sound.

Counties and countries. | Nativity pies:
I
Mason:
MWinwtbedi Staves &h. sees esc ce octane 2 pete aa nies nate teste serene 40 | 45
Wmnitedishatesu(ind tans) | ses ser seas ee ee apiece rater 11 11
China S é 8 8
PBN CC & siete) seis Sache iaiawine molestie Se RA a hel sie sie s seaic e eate dene e ie meb ints eee eee ane eae Gil ees tee
| ese po ee ee
Dotithe Wei theta eda EL Ded rah ole le ll ae ea ee | 64. | 64
Thurston: |
United States (Indians): oo 5523-25 ole oe ce sae ee oe esis wlemeire iene See ae ese eee | 12 | 12
Grand total’... 2. oc niscescenee tee ce aces eeeeteemeee- sen eor rete rEreteeeer eae 76 | % 76
|

Boats, apparatus, shore property, and cash capital employed in the oyster industry of
Puget Sound.

. Mason. Thurston. Total.
Items. aac >
‘ No. | Value.| No. | Value.| No. | Value.
———— === +- > po : — | . F

Ponts eee ee tats. besa Se ce Oe acti: oo ee ty nt es ee | a78 | $1,560 | 25 $750 | 103 $2,310
LIGNE) Sona S3 Sess OS See eae SSE noe H Oe Ses SABO eds Ande | 43 172 10 40 53 | 212
PMIOA US ASCE ators het cktce tt bO sek ee et PO eee eee 40 | 2, 000 5 | 250 45: 2,250
SHGLEVDRODOLUY 2 oo to oicints mjc)ee anes eins te ane ete ee eee eee [ences HeeOOOn|Racees VE 2 cei eerecse 1, 000
@asiicapibalesct eel es OL tb aes Aare ee eee ae eee esa 50001) Ces | Se See Jagecee 5, 000
Tetlemawe betty, 4h. hte ie ide Be _ Fath: Se Oe 161 | 9,732| 40] 1,040] 201| 10,772

a Rowboats. b Canoes.

4 PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 297

Product of the oyster industry of Puget Sound.

Mason. Thurston. Total.
Years. a
Bushels. Value. | Bushels.| Value. | Bushels.| Value.
; |
| 0 Le, Ee eS ee eee 25,000 | $37,500 1, 200 $1, 800 26, 200 $39, 300
ean cae gains oia a tctaes'a onan tom ae 25, 400 38, 100 1, 280 1, 920 26, 680 40, 020
DIGS ee - eee cec cede na stene ccaccewcgas 26, 000 39, 000 1, 920 2, 880 27, 920 41, 880
oie ele ane i sg ciawemeanle noi aiSe 26, 280 82, 850 | 2, 200 2. 750 28, 480 35, 600

ALASKA.

GROWTH OF THE FISHING INDUSTRY.

- Until a few years ago the wonderful fishery resources of Alaska were
jittle known except to the natives of the country. Attention was called
to this distant portion of the United States by Dr. Tarleton H. Bean,
of the United States Fish Commission, in the report of the Commis-
sion for 1880. This report was extensively copied and was read with
great interest, and its accounts of the wonderful abundance of salmon
and other fish were by many received with doubts similar to those
entertained two hundred and fifty years before regarding the reports
carried to Europe as to the abundance of fish off the New England
coast. Time has proved that the statements of Dr. Bean were quite
moderate and fully reliable. Notwithstanding the great abundance of
fish in Alaskan waters, the total value of the fish utilized in 1880 by
others than natives was shown to have been insignificant.

Soon after attention had been called to Alaska and its resources by
the United States Fish Commission, many persons engaged in the salmon
business on the Columbia and other coast rivers gave the subject of
Alaskan fisheries careful consideration. Although the fish were very
abundant, the great distance of the grounds and the expense necessary
to establish a plant there were considered to involve too great a risk to
warrant the inauguration of fisheries. The first experiment having
proven a financial success, the doubtful watchers, slowly at first and
later with more eagerness, followed, until at the present time it will be
seen that over half of the aggregate pack of salmon in the United
States and nearly half of the pack of the entire world comes from
Alaska.

The large area, and the wide distances between inhabited stations
of this vast domain, render the gathering of complete general and
statistical information a matter of much time, difficulty, and expense.
Fortunately, so far as the fisheries are concerned, the various fishing
firms in Alaska have their home stations and headquarters at San
Francisco, or in Washington and Oregon, and can be reached with com-
parative ease. The instructions to the writer on his last investigation
of the fisheries of the Pacific Coast in 1892 called for such statistical
information regarding the Alaskan fisheries as could be procured
without visiting that Territory. Each of the headquarter offices, as
previously mentioned, was visited, and through the courtesy of the

298 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

proprietors and officers complete and accurate information was obtained
directly from the books of every salmon cannery in Alaska, without
one dollar of extra expense to the Government.

With the exception of the considerable quantities of fish caught and
consumed in Alaska by the natives, the accompanying tables represent |
the entire food-fish fisheries of Alaska. The waters of that region, |
however, abound in many varieties of fine food-fish to which scarcely |
any attention has been given. San Francisco firms engaged in the cod |
fishery procure their catch on the extensive fishing banks just off the |
shores of Alaska, on which they have several stations. Their catch
will be found in the statistical tables of California, and the two vessels |
in the same business from Washington will be credited to that State.

i
5

STATISTICS OF THE INDUSTRY. |

The following tables show, for the years 1889 to 1892, inclusive,
the extent of the fisheries of Alaska. The figures relate to persons
employed; vessels, boats, apparatus, ete., used; and the quantity and
value of the catch:

Persons employed in the fisheries of Alaska.
How employed. 1889. 1890. | 1891. 1892.
Imevesselufisheriesy=cee = ts tae) eee se) easier eiatas ee seh eects 283 310 321 331
Inishore fisheries sooo. ceminn since teriee woes eeeoe eats cece ne see ceeice 1,442 | 1,678) 1,820 1, 020
QOnishore; in canneries’ (ete 55. sen2 fetes Sean se as de eee ase 2,497 | 2,668 | 2,806 1, 533
Mota (2s seein eee cece eee ce accemeen eer ee sere een ceeee eee rete 4,222 | 4,656 | 4,947 2, 884

Vessels, boats, apparatus, shore property, and cash capital employed in Alaska fisheries.

1890.

1889 1891. 1892.
Designation. ee
No. Value. No. Value. No. Value. No. Value.
WiGSKOIBi= 82-5 occ cs 33 $433, 000 36 $504, 500 39 $532, 500 40 | $461, 00C
Tonnages sso sass. 6710 Wee cee ee 6G SG0R See eee e ce 6923 obese Eideeese 8;623)|22ec hoo.
Onbhib.c spose a ae se 2674000 ee oner PATIO) |ecosiaase BPO el ericoase 33, 406
IBORtR eas ee emerson 722 131, 175 793 138, 200 809 148, 175 421 63,575
Apparatus:
SSINGS ha- >see. wes 105 45, 225 124 55, 425 127 55, 000 69 27, 025
Gillmets=a=22 2. =5.-5 478 51, 650 510 55, 650 590 60, 850 243 28, 750
Pound nets .~....-- 20 17, 200 24 20, 200 25 21, 000 16 13, 200
Tri neat wee oe eal eae SVAN |laooaae 5 G50 saeco ae 59350) eee 4, 050
Ci Rees asoc eames) Sr pccess baeeatarea5|Sosscdcd| pgosanosoosaltoscooseles aay ssesdel|bedadace 500
Shore property ...--.|-.------ iL 124900) | pe kaaerae J, 214, 400) 4)... 2-22 1,268,500) |. - = 22-2! 720, 650
Gash cipital 26--...2|2.s.s2e8 1, 728,000 42. cee0- 1,788,750 2 .-.a0e 2, 061,500 |......-- 1, 257, 500
ise ane MAM BB a Tf ye 3 10,675 |... 22 4,185, 825 |.....-.. 2, 609, 650
|
Products of the fisheries of Alaska.
1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.
Species.
Pounds. Value. Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
Code nee: 1,135,975 | $28,453 | 1,166,002 | $41, 682 | 1,637,000 | $40,925 | 2,219,835 | $55, 562
Herring ....--- 13, 860, 800 24.395 |15, 604,800 | 27,464 [15,437,000 | 27,169 |18,700,000| 32, 900
Salmons seo. - 50, 917, 220 | 1,500,496 |55, 444, 820 |1, 630, 281 |69, 071, 040 |2, 031, 552 /42, 231, 500 |1, 219, 973
Har-seslspeltis =| -o-\--<-<-|0 1,07 764785| seca eee eee B2Z67 700) |ee acercies ion 6217-408 |-s5eece eee 107, 573
Ses -OvLer pelts. |s-cocss. sc |--o-ccee eee RE eA serie Sec aeaees Mee ecttialeee s chee ee e2, 220
Total . .../65, 913, 995 | 2,630, 822 |72, 215, 622 |1, 967, 177 |86, 145, 040 |2, 317, 054 |63, 151, 335 |1, 418, 228
a Represents 102,617 skins. c Represents 13,588 skins. e Represents 18 skins, ~

b Represents 21,000 skins,

d Represents 7,175 skins,

ao
: ~ PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 299

is THE SALMON INDUSTRY.

Brief notice has been made of the first canning of salmon in Alaska,
of its success, and of the rush to this new region of those previously
_ engaged in the business in other sections. The number of canneries in
| the Territory increased up to 1891, when the business reached high-
_ water mark; the number of canneries in operation was 33 and the pack
was 808,908 cases. This Jarge amount of canned salmon, added to the
~ customary yearly pack of the Columbia and other rivers, could have but
one result, that of an overstocked market. that at once necessitated
a curtailing of operations. Salmon continued in great abundance
in Alaskan waters, and it was apparent that the running of the 33
canneries to their full capacity would result in great pecuniary loss.
Twenty-seven of the canning firms consequently decided to largely
diminish expenses and reduce the amount of the pack in 1892, and in
future years, so far as possible, to limit the production to the probable
demand of the trade. This was accomplished by the firms mentioned
pooling their business and closing 18 canneries that had run in 1891;
the others, with those not entering the combine, made the number of
factories operated in 1892 only 15. The pack in 1892 was 468,970 cases.

The principal salmon used in the canning business in Alaska are the
small red-meated fish, locally known as red salmon, which has an

average weight of 7 pounds, and the larger king or chinook salmon,
which averages 30 pounds. In packing a case of 48 one-pound cans,

_ the average number of red salmon required is 12, and of king salmon 23.

This is a much larger average than obtains at the canneries in the
Pacific States, where the fish are less abundant and more valuable.
The great abundance of these fish in Alaska results in the use of only
the choicest parts and in the loss or waste of large quantities of products
which otherwise would be utilized.

The extent of the salmon fishery of Alaska and of the canning and
salting industry dependent thereon is given in the following tables.
It appears that in 1892 2,601 persons were engaged in the industry,

that $2,184,303 was invested, that 37,534,100 pounds of salmon were
utilized at the canneries in the preparation of 468,970 cases of canned
fish and 55 barrels of salt salmon, the manufactured products having a
value of $1,970,110. For reasons already given, the business was much

less extensive in 1892 than in any of the other years under considera-
tion. The canneries not operated in the years shown represent a very
large investment which does not appear in the statistics. Only the
property actively employed is noticed.

The business of salting salmon, as a branch of the fishing industry
independent of the salting done at the canneries, is quite important
and is yearly increasing in extent. About a dozen firms, located in
various parts of Alaska, engaged in salting salmon in 1892, utilizing
4,697,400 pounds of fresh fish and preparing 15,658 barrels of salt
salmon, having a value of $125,264. In the following year 5,871,600

pounds of raw material were Og in the production of 19,572

=

300 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

barrels of salt fish worth $156,576. The persons employed in this
branch of the salmon industry and the capital invested therein are
included in the figures given in the preceding paragraph and in the |
tables which follow.

Persons employed in the salmon industry of Alaska.

On In shore
Years. redselan | Aaheriens On shore.| Total.

1889. -- 252 1, 324 2, 397 3, 973
1890. 279 1, 533 2, 568 4, 380
1891. . 290 1,557 2, 706 4, 553
1892... 288 880 1, 4383 2, 601 |

Vessels, boats, apparatus, shore property, and cash capital employed in the salmon
industry of Alaska.

1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.
Items. = Se |
No. Value. No. Value. No. Value. No. Value.

Establishments. ---. 36 | $914, 903 39 | $998, 903 42 |$1, 050, 403 25 | $503, 403

Cashicapital eo. -o|aeea a = 157008; 000 2 |e ennai aii US @QUBETED) anaes SOU OOO eae 1, 117, 500
Vessels 413, 000 31 | a@488, 000 34 | @518, 500 34 | a441, 500
Tonnage Bal Baas sees o G 70180 nee eerie 676524 ees ceee 8,421.48 |. . 2... 2cee |
Boatsie eer sees === 68 127, 075 732 132, 275 748 142, 250 365 58,025 ©
Seines ....- 40, 125 113 49, 325 118 49, 900 60 21,925 .
Gill nets... 51, 650 510 55, 650 590 60, 850 243 28,750 |
Trap nets 17, 200 24 20, 200 25 21, 000 16 13, 200 |
FRO tal reas works oll sericea OPO OOS reteset Bj848, 103) ee cece 3, 734, 403 |... oe ---| 2,184,303 |

a With outfit.

The vessels shown in the foregoing table are employed about the —
stations or are engaged in transporting supplies to the canneries and the
prepared products to the markets. Many are of large size, and are
among the finest vessels employed in the United States in connection
with the fisheries. They are mostly steamers, but there are also ships,
barks, and schooners. The largest sailing vessel is a ship of 1,158.30
tons, and the largest steamer has a tonnage of 449.64. These two
vessels carry crews of 30 and 14 men, respectively. The aggregate
tonnage of this fleet in 1892 was 8,421.48, the value of the vessels was
$441,000, and the crews numbered 288. The following table relates to
the vessels employed in this capacity from 1889 to 1892, inclusive. A
number of steam launches of less than 5 tons burden, used at the
canneries, are classed as boats and do not appear in the table.

\

Vessels engaged in the salmon industry of Alaska.

ape Net ton- | Value. | No. of | i Net ton- | Value. | No of

Years and rigs. | No. nage. (a) crew, || Lears and rigs. | No. nage. (a) eran
1889—Steam.....| 18 | 1,041.91 /$268,500 | 106 | 1891—Steam....| 25 | 1,290.95 $378, 000 148
Smile ae 10 | 5,510.51 | 144,500 | 146 Saileaen ae 9 | 5,474.29 | 140,500 142
Total....| 28 | 6,552.42 | 413,000 | 252. Total...| 34| 6,765.24 | 518,500 | 290
1890—Steam ..... 22 | 1,297.51 | 347,500 | 137 || 1892—Steam....| 23 | 1,062.63 | 315,500 129
Saal’ Bier ia 9} 5,474.29 | 140,500 | 142 Gail 22254 11 | 7,358.85 | 126, 000 159
Total..../ 31 | 6,701.80 | 488,000 | 279 Total... 34 | 8,421.48 | 441,500 288

a Includes outfit.

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 301

Products of the salmon industry of Alaska. -

Salmon canneries. Salmon salteries.
Salmon utilized. Salmon canned. | Salmon salted.| Salmon utilized. | Salmon salted.

Pounds. Value. | Cases.| Value. | Bbls.| Value.| Pounds. | Value. | Bbls.| Value.

_——_— |) | | | | | |

/1889. . . .|48, 213, 120 |$1, 446, 394 [599, 394 |$2, 996,970 | 872 | $6,976 |2, 705,100 | $54,102 | 9,017 | $72, 136
11890. ...|52, 138, 520 | 1,564, 156 /641, 449 | 2, 629, 491 | 2, 742 | 21,936 |3, 306,300 | 66,125 [11,021] 88, 168
1891... .|65, 013, 240 | 1,950, 397 808, 908 | 3, 235, 632 | 1,002 | 8,016 |4, 057,800 | 81,155 |13,526 | 108, 208
+1892... .|37, 534, 100 | 1, 126, 023 |468, 970 | 1, 969, 674 440 |4, 697,400 | 93,950 |15,658 | 125, 264
17893... .|51, 725, 060 | 1,551,752 |636, 427 | 2, 863, 921 | 2,703 | 21, 624 bs 871, 600 | 117, 432 |19,572 | 156,576
*

—<

or
on

F The names of the salmon-canning firms in Alaska and the location of
‘the canneries are shown for four years in the following list, the cross-
marks indicating the years in which the canneries were operated:

t List of Alaskan salmon canneries operated in 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892.

a Name of cannery. Location. 1889. | 1890. | 1891. | 1892.
| Astoria PAO oe COMPANY ceca tesco te aaieaee ae MSL eae aisles = ai x > shin ACS
Weelaska Packing Company..............-------+..--- Nushagak River-.--.--. x x x x
Weerctic Packing Company. ..-.-.-......-------------- Wiyalkese os see sn % ~ %o lsosase
| EA i a Rs Se oie aC Boone EAE sens oan IBFISLGMD BY, nc. 2 ede sl aacene|saeee = Kae [eereus
BEREDS eee eh RES D8 32.) carte td.. mR. das: oth cole 2 pli Mel os Me fk
(1) (Ase oo. eS app Ieee eben ae en aCe SeESeeF Cook Inlet...:........ ge ESB aoe el aewese
' Aleutian Island Fishing and Mining Company ..--. Keainliiky oe Sse wie sess x x pans eee
| Alaska Salmon Packing and Fur Company...---.-.. Oring: <. <sieenseci<5 3 x x bs x
' Alaska Improvement Company ..--...-..----------- a 0G In) ee ee ee ee x x x pe
| Aberdeen Packing Company.---.......-------------- IWirangela: is. s.jess.. x x xe) | eeneak
‘Boston Fish and Trading Company..--.----.----.---- Wiese a yacosicn creates > x < < ys
' Behring Sea Packing Company ......--..--..--....- Wires ae éoecneeSel baetcel besode SP seme
)Bristol Bay Canning Company .........---.-.------. Bristol Baiy).~2---\- =. x x x x
maranoii Packing Company.......-..-----....-.-.-- Baranof Island ...-.-- x x x x
montral Alaska Company ..........-.-.--2.----.---- ‘irasPomtees = 92 s2see 4 x elses
mepuikat Packing Company ...--------.+----.---.---- Chilkat River. -.-.-...-.. x x DS ak oe
makat Canning Company .-..:....-....-..---+.----|.---- Owe cesenie apis ya's x x x x
praenie Bay Packing Company ...-..-...--.----.--. Chignig Bay..-.-....-. x x x x
Efi ar S SaR e e GCaokulmlet-ec cscs. 2 ccl-aseee SH Se ls
meome Packing Company..--..----------------------- Rea 2 a2 os ciete sana 4 x 4 x
Serio. Packing Company.::.0.-- 622 ...0.052 02225022 | se Gopiié ies sesso oe x x x
Seeiiak Packing Company -------------------+----+--|----- OO enas ssenceeoe x 4 pe eee
Ly ham BAR EE eA eles ee oe ae ee VANIGAKS So sesceciccciescelleescee x SOF | Resets
Serehlakahtla! Mission ......-.---2---+--5--+-----eee- Clarence Strait, 2. 225 |. .5.c|ode<. x be
North Pacific Trading and Packing Company....--. WA Walki <2 ci occasicneas x x x x
Northern Packing Company .--.........-.-...------- Copksinletic 0 8.045 x SY sono |e sa0s
Woushagak Canning Company .........---------.---- Bristol Baye s---2<;<-7 x x Xe leases
meaciic Packing Company-..-.---.-.--.-------------- Copper River..-.-...-. *< x pay Peart
mPacific Steam Whaling Company............----....|....- Otee es fate eee. x x >) f lessees
Peninsular Trading and Fishing Company..-------.|..-.- AO gecccase- ce encee x x ad eeree
Pyramid Harbor Packing Company....--..---.----. Pyramid Harbor...-.- x Xx x x
Royal Packing Company....-..-..-..-.-- ..-.| Afognak x Sari ee ey ar ee
Russian-American Packing Company a eee dO ose55 4 a pak Me
@hin Point Packing Company-.-.---..----.--------- Thin Point x x Mies ae

INGIC noni ago ick! SSSR Bee pe i eeer deneeeobreeca | Hesecs Sere SEC SOOg OEE OOe 28 | 30 | 33 15

.

_ Mr. A. B. Alexander, fishery expert on the United States Fish Com-
mission steamer Albatross, makes the following remarks on the business
of salting salmon in Alaska:

_ The demand for salt salmon is yearly increasing. A few years ago there was but
little call for it, probably owing to the fact that little effort was made on the part
of those engaged in the business to introduce it in the East. Seeing the absolute
‘necessity of taking steps to place their products on the eastern market in order to
increase the demand and establish a trade for salt-cured salmon, efforts have been
pushed in that direction, and the encouragement met with has induced many who
had not the means or desire to enter into the expensive business of canning salmon
to establish salmon salteries in various parts of Alaska.

The amount of capital required to start on a small scale in this business is not

q :

302 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

large. One or two boats fitted with drag seines, a cabin on shore for living quarters,
a rough shed or fish house in which to dress and salt the fish and for performing such
general work as may be required in a limited business of this kind, will suffice for
all purposes. Many of the well-established salteries were first started in this man-
ner and have since grown to be of considerable importance. Two or three men with

only a small amount of capital, if they are fortunate in selecting a good locality |
where the run of salmon can be relied upon—for the success of the entire business |
depends upon the location—can, if they display the required amount of energy, build |
up a paying business. They of course must appreciate the fact that at least for |

seven months out of the year they must content themselves with being cut off and
isolated from civilization, but the class of men who seek a livelihood in this remote

part of the world care little for social life, or, if so, the prospect which looms up |
before them for making money is fully equivalent to any hardships of this nature |

they may undergo.

Several small vessels manned by men of small means have, during the past few |
years, made annual voyages to Alaska, spent the fishing season there, and in the fall |

brought back the summer’s catch. At first they temporarily located themselves by
way of an experiment where it was thought to be a good position for carrying on
the business. If the experiment proved a success, thenext year greater preparations
were made, and in this way from a small beginning quite a number of valuable
plants have been established.

The greater part of the salmon put up at the salteries are caught in drag seines, ©

although a few are taken in gill nets and traps, but at most places where salteries

are situated the drag seine has been found to be the most protitable apparatus of cap- |

ture, owing to the great number of smooth beaches where the fish can be easily taken.
There are, however, numerous bays, channels, and straits in Alaska where the purse
seine could be used to advantage. The reason why this style of net has not been
adopted in places where it can be used is because the fishermen of the coast are not
experienced in handling it. In 1893 a mackerel purse seine was for the first time

used at Tongas Narrows, in southeastern Alaska. Previous to the introduction of

this seine the drag seine had always been used. Mr. Clarke, one of the owners of the
saltery established here, says that after a season’s trial he has come to the conclusion

that the purse seine is superior to the drag seine, and during the next season he intends —

to employ several of them. The secret of Mr. Clarke’s success in fishing for salmon
with a purse seine is in his knowledge of using it, which was gained by nearly twenty
years’ experience in the mackerel and other fisheries in New England. Seeing no
reason why salmon could not be caught in the same manner as mackerel in places
where the bottom and general surroundings were favorable. he sent East for enough
twine to make a seine 150 fathoms long, 17 fathoms deep in the bunt, and 14 fathoms
on the wings, the size of the twine being 9 and 12 thread. It will be observed that
this seine is considerably deeper in proportion to its length than the ordinary
mackerel seine. The reason for this extra depth is that salmon, when they find
themselves surrounded by twine, will, like mackerel, dive, but, as a rule, they will
only go down from 12 to 14 fathoms. By having the seine several fathoms deeper
than they generally dive, a school, when once surrounded, is pretty sure of being
caught. Mr. Clarke says he did not lose a single school during the summer. ’

The attempt to catch the salmon in this manner being only an experiment, every-
thing connected with the new method, except the seine, was crude. A seine boat had
to be built and the crew to man it drilled. The boat was manufactured on the spot
by men connected with the fishing station.

Mr. Clarke finds this method a much more economical way of fishing than with
drag seines. The bottom about Tongas Narrows is very rocky and drag seines are
frequently torn to pieces. This involves a great deal of labor in keeping them in
repair, and besides the expense amounts to considerable during the season. There
being plenty of water here where the fishing is carried on, the purse seine never
comes in contact with the bottom, and the hardest usage it gets is the natural wear
and tear from handling.

PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES. 303

Two purse seines have been used for several years at Yes Bay. One is 300 fathoms
ong and 17 fathoms deep in the bunt, and the other is about 100 fathoms long. The
ger one is used more frequently and is set from a small steamer. The superin-
tendent of the saltery at that point says it works all right when he can get men
who know how to handle it. Purse seines have also been in use for two seasons at
‘Metlakahtla, and with very good success.

_ Employes at the salteries have, heretofore, been paid by the month, but a few

salters during the past season gave their men a lay. Sixty dollars a month for
white fishermen and $1 a day for native help have been the established wages. It

is fast becoming the custom to pay so much per barrel to white fishermen for all
‘salmon caught. At all places where this system has been tried it has given satis-
faction to both fishermen and owners. Ten cents a barrel is the lay received. In all
fishing communities where fishing is performed on a lay much better results follow
than where stipulated wages are given. The constant expectation of good catches
stimulates the men with energy which wages have not the power to bring out. The
fishermen know that what benefits the proprietors likewise helps them.
% All barrels used for putting up salmon in southeastern Alaska are manufactured
at the salteries. Suitable wood being abundant, they can be made at a reasonable
price. During the winter months enough barrels are made to meet the demand for
‘the coming season. A cooper is an indispensable person about a salmon saltery, for,
besides performing his regular duties as a cooper, he is often called upon to assist
‘in various mechanical jobs, and is paid by the piece, or so much per barrel—85 cents
for making a whole barrel and 65 cents for a half barrel. At this price he can earn
good wages, for he is under no expense for board.
It being the object of every man owning a saltery to enlarge on the plant and in-
erease his business as rapidly as possible, several weeks of each year, before and after
the fishing season, are spent in building wharves if needed, erecting buildings, and
Making such improvements as are required to keep a place of this kind in good order.
_ Many salmon salters have gained a firmer foothold in Alaska than the mere busi-
‘ness of salting salmon would give them. They have branched out into general
trade, and have stores well stocked with goods of all kinds. In this way they have
drawn around them the neighboring tribes of Indians who are ever ready to buy
and trade for such commodities as they require. The result of barter and trade
with the Indians has been to annually fill the stores with large collections of furs.
Bear, fox, and deer skins are chiefly dealt in, the most of which are shipped direct
‘to San Francisco.

z

MANUFACTURE OF HERRING OIL AND GUANO.

According to the report of Mr. Paul 8. Luttrell, special agent of the
Treasury Department for the protection of the salmon fisheries of
Alaska, a herring fishery of some magnitude was carried on in 1892 at
Killisnos, Alaska, by the Alaska Oil and Guano Company. While a
considerable quantity of herring was preserved by salting, the chief
feature of the business was the manufacture of oil and fertilizer. One
hundred and twenty-two persons were employed in various capacities,
of whom 93 were in the oil works and 29 on steamers engaged in fishing.
Of the factory employes 47 were whites, 4 were Chinese, and 42 were
natives. Four steamers, of 60, 42, 25, and 4 tons, respectively, were used.
The value of the property and improvements was $100,000.
_ During the year 93,000 barrels of herring were taken, from which the
following were prepared: 500 half barrels of salt herring, 1,000 barrels
of salt herring, 316,000 gallons of oil, 700 tons of guano. The ath the price
of which at the ds centers was 25 to 35 cents a gallon, had an aggre-

te value of $85,000. The valueof fertilizer was $21,000, or $30 a ton.

304 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

THE ATKA MACKEREL.

The few persons who are familiar with this fish pronounce it one of
the best of the numerous food-fishes found in the waters of Alaska.
Its name is misleading in that the fish has no relation to the mackerel
family and does not resemble it in looks or flavor. While found at
numerous places in Alaskan waters, it has so far been observed most |
plentifully around the far-distant island of Attu. This island is the.
outer one in the Aleutian chain, and is the most western land belonging
to the United States. Itis so far west that it might, with almost equal
propriety, be called east, being nearer the Asiatic shore than to any
other mainland. San Francisco vessels engaged in trading or seal |
hunting have from time to time brought back larger or smaller quan-
tities of salted Atka mackerel, usually taken in the vicinity of Attu. |
One of these vessels, the schooner Rosa Sparks, of 42.11 tons, with a
crew of 20 men, which was engaged during the season of 1891 in fishing
and sealing, returned with 148 seal skins and 324 barrels of Atka mack-
erel. The latter found a ready sale at $15 a barrel. The captain of the |
vessel, Mr. S. i. Weatherbee, reports that his catch was made at Attu
Island, and furnishes the following statements on the subject:

Atka mackerel are reported by the natives as remaining in the vicinity of Atka |
all winter, but do not reach Attu before April 10, from which date up to September |
they are found among the kelp in great abundance. Up to July they are very fat |
and in their best condition. The spawning season is in July, at which time they |
grow thin and poor. The fish are taken in 25 fathoms of water by jigging, no bait
being required. Three or four hooks are fastened together and placed in a mold, |
into which lead, pewter, or some similar! composition is run, welding the hooks
together and leaving a shank that is polished up brightly to attract the fish; this
also serves as a sinker. These lines and hooks are put down through the kelp, |
amidst which the fish are feeding. Being attracted by the bright metal, to which |
the hooks are attached, they swim around it in such numbers that their capture is ©
easy by simply drawing the hooks up through them, and repeating the act so long |
as a catch is desired. From 8 to 10 barrels a day have been taken by two men in a
single dory. Cod foilow the Atka mackerel to this place to feed on them. The few
Atka mackerel that have occasionally reached San Francisco are always eagerly
sought after, and some fish have been sold at $20 a barrel. Seines or nets of any
kind could not be used to advantage, owing to the abundance of the large kelp
among which the fish are always found.

PLATE 7.

(To face page 304.)

Pacific Coast Fisheries.

Report U. S. F, C. 1893.

Ss GE quiere
ahh nares F:

ates

ee

=A
as

Ae aa he
Pel ah ane

PLATE 8.

(To face page 304.)

Pacific Coast Fisheries.

Report U.S. F.C. 1893.

BOWHEAD OR ARCTIC WHALE (Balcena mysticetus).

CALIFORNIA SMELT (Atherinopsis californiensis).

SACRAMENTO PERCH (Archoplitus interruptus).

oy at eed i Pa aes MIR Efe eure
Sy, Oa Bi #8
Mra tc aici am te

PLATE 9.

(To face page 304.)

Pacific Coast Fisheries.

Report U. S. F. C, 1893.

i

y

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BLACK-BANDED ROCKFISH (Sebastichth

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CORSAIR (Sebastichthys ro

TREEFISH (Sebastichthys serriceps).

Report U. S. F. C. 1893. Pacific Coast Fisheries. (To face page 304.) PLATE 10.

CALIFORNIA FLOUNDER (Paralichthys stellatus).

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SURF SMELT (Hypomesus pretiosus).

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Report U. S. F. C. 1893. Pacific Coast Fisheries. (To face page 304.) PLATE 11.

CALIFORNIA HERRING (Clupea pallasi).

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Report U. S. F. C. 1893. Pacific Coast Fisheries. (To face page 304.) PLATE 12.

CHINOOK, KING, OR QUINNAT SALMON (Oncorhynchus chouicha).

panier

DOG SALMON (Oncorhynchus keta).
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ll i platy

PLATE 13.

Report U. S.F. C. 1893. Pacific Coast Fisheries. (To face page 304.)

STEELHEAD (Salmo gairdneri).

BULL’S-EYE, OR CHUB MACKEREL (Scomber colias).

YELLOW TAIL, OR AMBER FISH (Seriola dorsalis).

PLATE 14,

(To face page 304.)

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Pacific Coast Fisheries.

Report U. S. F. C. 1893,

i) al
7

:

2.—REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE FISH COMMISSION STEAMER
ALBATROSS, FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1898.

By Commander Z. L. TANNER, U. 8. Navy, commanding.

The Albatross was lying in the harbor of Port Townsend, Wash., at the
close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1892, ready for sea, and sailed
at 12.55 a. m. July 1 for Unalaska.

Taking an approximate great-circle course from Cape Flattery to the
Fox Islands Passes, light to moderate winds were encountered until the
5th, boisterous weather and heavy seas during the 7th, and smooth, pleas-
ant weather thence to port. The usual lookout was kept for seal life, and
a Single individual was seen between the Sannaks and Unimak Pass.
Whales and the usual varieties of sea birds were frequently noticed;
floating kelp and driftwood were observed nearly every day, and, on
the 8th, about 350 miles from Unalaska, the trunk of a tree was seen
with roots attached, but without branches or bark. The high land of
Ugamok Island was sighted at 7.30 p.m. July 9, and at 6.40 a. m. on
the 10th we anchored in Unalaska.

The boiler in use, the only one available, was leaking badly, and was
so much salted up that it was difficult to maintain a speed of 6 knots.
The condition of the boilers had been rapidly growing worse during
the cruise, and it was now obvious that they had nearly reached their
limit of usefulness; indeed, their condition was so serious that the
chief engineer requested a survey. The request. was promptly com-
plied with, and the report of survey condemned the boilers as unsafe
without extensive repairs, which could not be made on the station.

The only course open was to make temporary repairs and return to
San Francisco; so, with our own crew and the assistance of a boiler-
maker from the Yorktown, we made such repairs as were practicable.

The unexecuted portion of our orders was turned over to Captain
Evans, who detailed the revenue steamers Corwin and Rush to carry
them out as far as possible. A seal-hunter and a naturalist were sent
to each vessel to assist in the work, and they took with them everything
requisite for the capture and preservation of specimens.

Two bidarkas with complete hunting outfits were received from the
Alaska Commercial Company for the World’s Columbian Exposition,
the outfits including hunting and fishing implements, clothing, ete. The
boats were built under the personal supervision of Mr. Gray, and the
outfit was collected by Mr. Rudolph Neumann at St. Michaels. These
gentlemen gave their services freely, and without their cooperation it
would have been impossible to collect so complete an exhibit. The

F R 93——20 305
7

306 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

articles obtained in St. Michaels were transported to Unalaska on the
steamer St. Paul without charge.

When it became evident that the Albatross would be unable to con-
tinue her work, arrangements were made for Professor EVermann and
Mr. Miller to visit the Seal Islands. The North American Commercial
Company’s steamer Bertha was about to sail on her regular annual
supply trip, and, through the courtesy of Mr. Tingle, the superintendent
of the company, they were furnished transportation on that vessel, sail-
ing July 17 and returning August 1, having made headquarters on
board during the whole trip. Professor Evermann reported that they
had made a careful inspection of the rookeries and had taken an exten-
sive and valuable series of photographs, illustrating various phases of
seal life. Mr. Tingle declined to accept compensation for the trans-
portation and subsistence of the party.

An order was received from Commander R. D. Evans, commanding
the United States naval force in Bering Sea, dated August 1, directing
me to take charge of the British schooner Winifred and deliver her to
the collector of customs at Sitka, Alaska. This small sealer, of 11 tons
register, was captured July 29 in Bering Sea. She leaked badly about
the decks and rudder, and was hardly seaworthy. Ensign E. A.
Anderson was ordered as prize-master when the schooner was turned
over to us, and soon had her in fairly good condition for the trip.

Steam was raised on the after boiler August 1, with reduced pressure
of 40 pounds, and as it stood the test fairly well we decided to start,
although the forward one was not quite ready for service. Accordingly,
at 7.10 a. m. August 3, we took the prize in tow and proceeded to sea,
entering the Pacific via the Akutan Pass. Our speed was necessarily
slow under one boiler and reduced pressure, but we were obliged to
reduce it still more to accommodate the diminutive craft in tow, although
the sea was smooth.

The voleano of Akutan presented an interesting display during the
early part of the afternoon. Dense volumes of smoke were intermit-
tently ejected from the crater high into air, rising like ever-growing
plumes, until finally all shape was lost in cloudlike drift. The puffs
were accompanied by detonations which were distinctly heard on board.
Shishaldin, Pavlof, and Aghileen volcanoes were in sight the following
day, but none of them gave evidence of activity.

Nothing occurred worthy of note until the morning of the 6th, when
a fresh southeast wind, with short, irregular sea, compelled the schooner
to cast off and heave to under storm sail. She made some headway as
the wind veered, and we finally took her in tow again the next morning.

The working boiler began leaking seriously on the 8th, and became
so badly salted that we were obliged to let the fires die down on the
10th and get steam on the other one, which by that time was ready for
use. The remainder of the trip was uneventful, and with pleasant
weather and smooth seas we made good progress, arriving in Sitka at
7.40 a.m. August 11. The Winifred, together with her papers, person-

: WORK OF THE STEAMER ALBATROSS. 307

nel, and equipment, was delivered to the collector of customs. The
papers of the whaling bark Lydia were turned over also, that vessel
having been seized for infraction of the revenue laws.

A small quantity of coal was taken on board and preparations made
for the run to Departure Bay. We were nearly ready for sea, when, on
the morning of the 17th, a boat came alongside from the whaling bark
Lydia with a message from Lieutenant Dodge, U. S. Revenue Marine,
in charge, saying the vessel had been drifting helplessly off the coast,
becalmed for four days, and asking assistance. We had steam on one
boiler, fortunately, and went out and brought her into a safe anchorage.

Our preparations having been completed, we left Sitka at 4 p. m.
August 18, and, after a smooth and uneventful run, entered Goletas
Channel at 2 p.m. on the 21st, arriving at Departure Bay on the morn-
ing of the 23d, when the bunkers were filled with coal. At 9 a.m. on
the 24th we left for Port Townsend, arriving at 10 p. m. the same day.
The boilers had again become badly salted, the back connections being
filled in places with solid masses, which had to be cut out with hammer
and cold chisel.

A telegram from the Secretary of the Treasury was received on the
24th, as follows:

Telegraph Department extent of repairs necessary to fit Albatross for two months’
cruise, estimating time and cost of expeditious work.

To which I replied, August 25:

Temporary repairs can not be made. Time to fit vessel for two months’ cruise,
four months. Expense, $15,000.

This estimate was based on the renewal of tube sheets and other
repairs on the old boilers, including necessary work on the engines
which would be largely of a temporary nature. The following telegram
was received from the Secretary of the Treasury, dated August 27:

Steamer Albatross will be returned to Fish Commission on 31st instant. Submit

without delay vouchers for all bills payable by Revenue-Cutter Service to that date
inclusive.

At 8.50 a. m. August 30, we got underway and proceeded to sea, en-
route for San Francisco. Wewere off the coast of Oregon at midnight
on the 31st, when, by the telegram of the Secretary of the Treasury,
the Albatross reverted to the control of the Fish Commission. Her
service under the Treasury Department extended over a period of
5 months, during which time she visited 26 ports and steamed 14,848
miles, mostly in northern waters.

The trip down the coast was uneventful; fair winds and pleasant
weather were the rule, sail being carried most of the time. We reached
the navy-yard, Mare Island, at 10.05 a. m. September 3, with machinery
and boilers, particularly the latter, in wretched condition, and we con-
gratulated ourselves upon reaching our destination without serious
disaster, which was liable to occur at any moment while the vessel was

under steam. .

308 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

I was called to Washington by the Commissioner on business con-
nected with repairing and refitting the Albatross, and, leaving San
Francisco September 17, I arrived at the capital ten days later. For-
mal application was made by the Commissioner to the Secretary of
the Navy for the transfer of two boilers originally constructed for the
Monadnock, but which, owing to change in type of engines from com-
pound to triple expansion, were no longer available for use on that ves-
sel. The requisite legal formalities having been completed, the boilers
were transferred on payment of $2,500.

Instructions were wired to the Albatross to make preparations for
removing the old boilers and for general repairs to the machinery, the
work to be done with the crew as far as practicable. I returned to the
vessel October 27, and found preparations well advanced in the engi-
neer’s department for the removal of the old boilers. The machinery
was generally overhauled during the winter. New propellers of bronze
were made, new boilers put in, a Baird evaporator added to the engi-
neer’s department, and the electric plant of the vessel rewired. A new
spar deck was laid, and minor repairs made to the hull and rigging.

Passed Assistant Surgeon T. A. Berryhill reported for duty January
5, 1893, and Passed Assistant Surgeon F. W. F. Wieber was detached
on the 6th. Lieut. A. F. Fechteler reported January 7, and Lieut. C.
G. Calkins was detached the same day. Ensign W. G. Miller was
detached January 25,

The vessel was docked January 13 to change propellers, line shafts,
renew stern bushings, overhaul outboard bearings, clean and paint
bottom, ete. The work of tearing up and relaying the spar deck com-
menced January 31 and was completed March 3. The vessel’s bottom
was scaled and painted, and on March 4 she was hauled out of dock
and moored at the wharf.

Passed Assistant Paymaster J. 8. Carpenter was stricken with snow-
blindness during the northern cruise, and after suffering for months
without apparent improvement was examined on March 10 by a med-
ical board, which recommended that he be given six months’ sick leave.
Assistant Paymaster Eugene D. Ryan reported for duty April 11,
relieving Passed Assistant Paymaster Carpenter, who was detached
the following day, April 12.

Seventy-three tons of Comox coal were taken on board on the 17th
and 18th (April), and on the 20th we had a dock trial of the engines,
which was considered satisfactory. Changes and repairs had been so
extensive that it was deemed advisable to have a sea trial before sail-
ing for northern waters, where we would be entirely dependent upon
our own resources, and with this object in view we left the navy-yard-
at 9.55 a. m., April 25, with light fires under both boilers. No attempt
at high speed was made, but we ran from 8 to 10 knots an hour with
everything working satisfactorily, until 8.10 p.m., when we anchored
off Santa Cruz for the night.

Got under way at 6.40 a.m. on the 26th and swung ship under steam,

WORK OF THE STEAMER ALBATROSS. 309

observing azimuths of the sun on every point for compass errors, then
stood to the cable trough off Salinas, aud tested the sounding and
dredging apparatus, also the maneuvering qualities of the vessel with
her new propellers, The trial was satisfactory as far as it went.

The new form of Tanner intermediate tow-net, tested for the first time,
performed all that was expected of it after the weights for operating
the drawstring had been increased to 30 pounds each; they were first
tried at 15 pounds, and closed the net properly when both were brought
into action, but one alone failed to close it securely under conditions of
actual service. The engines worked very satisfactorily, and the new
bronze propellers of modern type reduced vibration to the minimum.

We anchored off Monterey for several hours to readjust valves, finally
getting underway at 8.15 p.m. for the return trip. At daylight the
following morning the deep-sea apparatus was again tested in from 200
to 300 fathoms, and, having satisfied ourselves that the vessel and her
appliances were in good working order, we returned to the navy-yard,
Mare Island, mooring to the wharf at 5.30 p.m. April 27, A crack in
the shell of the main condenser was discovered during the trip and
repaired at small cost after our return.

The following telegram was received from the Commissioner of Fish
and Fisheries May 13:

In obedience to instructions from the President you are directed to report by tele-
graph to the Honorable Secretary of the Navy for such duty as he may assign you.

Having reported as directed, the following message was received from
the Secretary of the Navy, dated May 15:

Proceed with the vessel under your command to Port Townsend, Washington, and
report to Commander Nicoll Ludlow, U.S. N., for duty in connection with the United
States naval forces in Bering Sea.

On the 16th instructions were received at the navy-yard, Mare Island,
to furnish the Albatross with coal and such other supplies as were neces-
sary to perform duty with the Bering Sea fleet.

Final preparations were promptly made, and on May 20 the Albatross
sailed for Port Townsend, arriving on the 24th, when I reported to
Commander Ludlow in obedience to the order of the Secretary of the
Navy. We carried up a draft of men and a quantity of stores for the
U.S. 8. Mohican, which were delivered on our arrival.

The vessels of the fleet rendezvoused at Port Townsend, where gen-
eral instructions were issued by the senior officer commanding the
United States Bering Sea force, and the vessels were then dispatched
singly as occasion required. The orders of the Albatross contemplated
the performance of patrol duty until the middle of July, or such time as
her services could be dispensed with, the remainder of the season to be
devoted to scientific work under direction of the Commissioner of Fish
and Fisheries. Patrol duty was in reality performed throughout the
season, but during the progress of scientific work it was limited to the
boarding of vessels encountered within our field of operations.

We left Port Townsend May 28, reached Vancouver, British Colum-

310 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

bia, the same evening, and crossed to Comox the following day; coaled
ship, and at 10.15 a. m. May 31 we sailed for the north, taking the
inland passages to the northern end of Vancouver Island.

The Comox mine has been opened recently, and consequently little
is known concerning it or its product. The wharf is in Union Bay,
west side of Baynes Sound, 12 miles from its southern entrance. It is
easy of approach, the chutes are adjustable, and the delivery of coal
is under perfect control. The mines are about 13 miles from the
shipping-point, the output being transported by rail through a wild
and densely wooded country. Union, the nearest settlement, is 11 miles
from the wharf; the company’s offices are located there. <A telegraph
line has recently been opened to Victoria, and they are in telephonic
communication with the mine and wharf.

The weather was fair and pleasant after our departure from Comox,
and the trip up the Strait of Georgia was without incident. Passed
through Seymour Narrows at 6.15 p.im., and anchored for the night two
hours later in a snug cove on the east side of Pender Island, where
we were out of the strength of the current. Getting under way at 4.15
next morning, June 1, we resumed our course through Johnstone Strait
to Alert Bay, where we left a mail; thence through Queen Charlotte
Sound and Goletas Channel, and at 3 p.m. took our departure from
Mexicana Point and laid a course for Cape St. James.

Patrol duty commenced upon our reaching the open waters of the
Pacific; masthead lookouts were stationed with instructions to report
vessels, seals, whales, driftwood, kelp, etc. The general course was
designated by the officer commanding the Bering Sea force, the vessels
of the fleet being so disposed as to cover the usual track of the north-
ward-bound seal herd and the sealing vessels following it.

Strong westerly winds were encountered on the 2d, making progress
under one boiler rather slow, but it moderated next morning and the
speed increased accordingly. ;

The Albatross had a western or offshore route, which carried her out-
side the usual track of seals; in fact, we saw none between Vancouver
Island and Kadiak, and the first sealing schooner was boarded on the
morning of June 6 in latitude 57° 48’ N., longitude 148°, W., not far
from the 100-fathom line on the southern edge of Portlock Bank.

A detention of two hours occurred on the 5th by the breaking of the
piston springs in the port H. P. cylinder, which, leaving the rings with-
out proper support, also gave way. No further damage resulted, and
after wedging the latter in place we steamed ahead again.

The sealing schooner Annie H. Paint was boarded on the afternoon of
the 6th, when the master reported seeing much wreckage in the region
assigned to Pamplona Rocks; also that from among it a whaleboat had
been picked up afew days before with a dead man lying under the
thwarts, all of which he considered good evidence of the existence of
those dangers. It was subsequently ascertained that the whaling bark
Sea Ranger had been wrecked off Cape St. Elias, thus accounting for
boat and wreckage.

‘a

WORK OF THE STEAMER ALBATROSS. 311

At 5.10 a.m. June 7 arrived in St. Paul, Kadiak. The only vessel in
_ port was a small sloop used as a tender at one of the trading stations.
Copies of the proclamation of the President of the United States, and
instructions of the Secretary of the Navy to the senior officer command-
ing the United States naval force in Bering Sea, were delivered to the
deputy collector of customs and agents of trading companies with the
request that they be posted in public places. We took on board 73
tons of coal, and at 11 a.m. June 8 cast off from the wharf and pro-
ceeded to sea. Cruising to the westward in the track of sealers, we
continued to board and warn thei against sealing in Bering Sea, until
our arrival at Sand Point, Popof Island, Shumagins, on the afternoon
of June 10. No sealing vessels had yet reached that point; the fleet
was expected during the latter part of the month.

Our first fur seal was seen near Kadiak Island on the afternoon of
June 8, only one being observed that day; but the following morning
several were sighted off Chirikof Island. The sealers reported very
poor success since leaving the vicinity of Middleton Island.

In U.S. Hydographic Notice to Mariners, No. 46, of November 12,
1892, paragraph 925, is the following:

Captain Applegate, of the American schooner Matthew Hale, reports a shoal or

bank, with 7 fathoms of water on it, extending 20 to 35 miles southeastward from
Simeonof Island, Shumagin group. Cod fishermen anchored on the bank last year.

The position of this reported bank, remote from land and outside of
the 100-fathom line as established by the soundings of this vessel, occa-
sioned no little surprise to the officers engaged in the work; hence, we
took the earliest opportunity to investigate the matter. Fortunately,
Captain Gaffney was in Sand Point at the time of our arrival, and as
he had spent many years in the cod fisheries of the Shumagins he was
able to give us reliable information. He was shown the notice quoted,
and in reply said that the only bank he knew of in that vicinity lies 15
miles ENE. (mag.) from the highest point of Simeonof, and has 27
fathoms, rough, rocky bottom, on which he has been in the habit of
fishing. It is of small extent and difficult to find except by bearings
and ranges; a depth of 23 fathoms has been reported 14 miles east of
the 27-fathom patch, but he had never been able to find it. He had no
knowledge of the bank reported by Captain Applegate, but knew pos-
itively that fishermen did not go so far from land in that region.

In a subsequent interview with Captain Applegate he said that the
report to him was vague, and he was not confident as to bearing, «lis-
tance, or depth of water, but he gave the report as he remembered it.
In view of these facts I think we may safely conclude that there is no
bank in the position indicated in Hydrographic Notice No. 46, 1892.

At 9.25 a.m. Junes11, we left Sand Point for a cruise to the west-
ward, following the general track of sealers, but saw none between the
Shumagins and Amukta (or 172d meridian) Pass, through which we
entered Bering Sea on the morning of the 135th; neither were any met
with between there and Unalagka. We made Bogoslof Volcano at

312 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

12.35 the next morning, and reached Dutch Harbor at 6.40 the same
evening, going at once to the coal wharf. June 15 we took on board
81 tons of coal, and at 6.10 p. m. proceeded to sea, entering the Pacific
via Unalga Pass. Several vessels were boarded between there and
the Shumagins, among them the American fishing schooner Moonlight,
of Seattle, bound for Slime Bank, Bering Sea.

We arrived at Sand Point at 12.10 a. m. June 16, and found several
of the sealing fleet at anchor, and others arrived from day to day. A
constant lookout was kept for seals during the cruise to the westward,
but none was seen except off Unimak Pass, and then but one or two at
atime. We boarded and warned all vessels found in port, and those
which arrived up to meridian of the 18th, when we left for a cruise
among the islands of the Shumagin group. Communicated with the
U.S. 8S. Ranger off Mountain Cape, and having received a mail, we
proceeded on our course; the Ranger was bound for Sand Point. Hav-
ing made a complete circuit of the southern islands and visited the
principal harbors, we returned to Sand Point on the evening of the 20th,
when we met the Ranger and received orders from the senior officer.

Getting under way again at 4 a.m. on the 22d, an examination was
made of the southern portion of the group and anchorage was found

| for the night in Mist Harbor, east side of Nagailsland. It is protected
on the sea face by two gravel spits, the ends of which slightly overlap,
| a narrow but deep entrance lying between their extremities. There is
| little known concerning this snug harbor, and, as we had no chart of
| it, ahurried reconnaissance was made next morning. Near the head of
Mist Harbor, and separated from it by a narrow neck of land, is a large
| bay making in from the northward from 3 to 4 miles deep and about 2
) miles wide at the entrance. It is not shown on the Coast Survey charts.

The examination of coasts and harbors of the group was continued
on the 23d, and we returned to Sand Point in the evening. The seal-
ing fleet were now leaving for the Japan coast, several being met during
the day outward bound. We were away again at 2.45 a.m. June 24,
and came to in Sanborn Harbor three hours later, where we remained
until the following morning and then returned to Sand Point.

The naturalists availed themselves of the opportunity to examine the
region about Sanborn Harbor during the day. The scarcity of land
birds was soon remarked, and eventually traced to the presence of
large numbers of foxes. Salmon had not yet commenced to run, and
the beaches were almost barren of other species of fish. Better sue-
cess followed the hauling of the seine in the lakes, where many trout
and flounders were taken, besides other species, one, at least, new to
science. Although trout were plentiful, the persistent efforts of anglers
with rod and fly were ineffectual; nothing but salmon roe would tempt
them. No directions are necessary for entering Sanborn Harbor, except
to take a mid channel course and keep the lead going when approach-
ing the anchorage, as the water shoals rather suddenly. The Albatross
anchored in 10 fathoms with ample swinging room.

ef

5 WORK OF THE STEAMER ALBATROSS. 313

The mail steamer Orescent City was found at Sand Point on our
return, but brought no additional orders. The U.S, 8. Mohican, flag-
ship of the Bering Sea fleet, arrived about noon June 25, followed a
few hours later by H. b. M.S. Garnet and U.S. revenue cutter Rush,
the latter short of coal. We gave her 40 tons from our bunkers.

At 5.30 p.m. June 26 we left for a second cruise to the westward.
_Although it was clear in the harbor there were unmistakable evidences

of thick weather outside, and arriving off Delarof Harbor we ran into
-adense fog which was carried with short intervals to Unalaska, where we
arrived at 8.45 p.m. June 27. Seals were plentiful from the Sannaks
‘to Unimak Pass. Coaled ship on the 28th, taking 167 tons. Dressed
ship with the British flag at the main in honor of coronation day, hav-
ing been invited to join in its celebration by Captain Huntingford, of
|H.B. M.S. Nymphe, which was lying at anchor in the harbor.

We were under way again at 7 p. m., and finding the passes blocked
‘with fog took the Bering Sea side of the Aleutian Islands to Amukta
| Pass, through which we entered the Pacific. Fog met us off Cape
~Makushin, and with momentary intervals continued until we arrived in
the Bay of Waterfalls, at 7.30 p.m. July 1. This beautiful bay takes
its name from numerous streams which fall into it from the surrounding
‘heights. A plentiful supply of pure fresh water from the snow-capped
‘mountains, an ample store of driftwood—with which the beaches are
lined—and its isolated situation, remote from the usual cruising grounds
of the Bering Sea patrol fleet, made it the most desirable point west of
the Shumagins for the sealing fleet to rendezvous. We found no ves-
sels in the bay, but the remains of recent driftwood fires on the beach
gave sufficient evidence of late visitors.

Three schooners were boarded off the bay a few days later, when the
fog lifted, all bound in for water, and as they were among the last of
the fleet destined for the Japan coast, it is more than probable that it
-had earlier been a port of call for vessels that did not rendezvous at
‘Sand Point or touch at some other place farther to the eastward.

The Albatross was in latitude 51° 39’ N., longitude 172° 22’ W., at
‘midnight June 30 (at which time this feu properly closes), cruising
on patrol duty under orders of the senior officer commanding the U nited
States naval force in Bering Sea, the vessel having been temporarily
‘transferred to the Navy Department May 13 for that purpose.

The first two months of the fiscal year were employed in seal investi-
gations under the general direction of the Treasury Department, and the
‘following eight months were spent at the navy-yard, Mare Island, put-
ting in new boilers and making general repairs to hull and machinery.
‘In this connection I wish to acknowledge the admirable facilities

accorded us by the commandant and heads of departments, which
enabled us to effect thorough and extensive repairs at moderate cost.

The scientific apparatus is in good working order, the mechanical

appliances having been thoroughly overhauled while general repairs
‘were in progress. The Tanner intermediate tow-net and improv ed
dredging quadrant were the only*additions of importance.

314 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. :

The improved dredging quadrant is a refinement of the instrument
described on page 94, Report on the Construction and Outfit of the
U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross. In its present form the
frame A A consists of two pieces of black walnut 2 feet in length, half
an inch thick, and 2 inches wide, screwed together with brass screws,
forming a water-tight joint. Oneof the pieces has a semicircular exten.- |
sion at its center, which supports the scale C C. |

Fig. 1 represents the quadrant ready for use. Figs. 2 and 3 show it.
with the two parts of the frame separated, bringing into view the,
method of construction. Fig. 4 is an end view at D, and Fig. 5 is a
sectional view of rod D and spring E. |

Nomenclature: A <A, frame, of black walnut; B, pendulum, of brass;
C C, seale, of brass; D, rod, brass, controlling elliptical spring; H,
spring catch, of brass. |

The secre a B, 4 inches in length, moves freely on a friction bear-
ing, and has on ae upper extremity a disk with milled surface. The
rod, D, is attached to and controls an elliptical spring which, when in
action, grips the milled surface of the disk on the pendulum and holds
the latter in position while the reading is taken. The spring catch, E,
holds the rod, D, in place when it is pressed in for the purpose of dis-
tending the elliptical spring to allow free movement of the pendulum.
It engages a slot cut in the rod D, for the purpose. The scale, C C, is
graduated on each side of the semicircle from a vertical to a horizon-
tal position, the latter reaching 90°, The instrument is intended to
measure the angle of dredge rope when operating in deep water, where
a change too small to be noticed by the eye might carry the trawl many
fathoms off the bottom. |

To use the quadrant, take it in both hands, press the rod D with the
right hand until the spring catch E engages the slot on D; take a
favorable position and incline the instrument until its upper edge is in
line with the dredge rope, then press spring catch E with the thumb
of the right hand, disengaging the rod D, and thus locking the pendu-
lum B, when the angle from the vertical can be read on the scale.

We have now the perpendicular (depth) and hypothenuse of a right-
angled triangle (amount of dredge rope out and its angle). With these
elements enter table 2 in Bowditch and obtain the third element neces-
sary to complete the triangle, when it will be seen whether the trawl
is on the bottom or not, due allowance having been made for catenary
curve of the rope.

There have been several changes in the personnel during the year.
Ensign C, M. Fahs, U.S. Navy, reported for duty September 5, 1892;
Ensign W. B. Fletcher, U. 8S. Navy, was detached September 14, 1892;
Passed Assistant Surgeon T. A. Berryhill, U.S. Navy, reported January
5, relieving Passed Assistant Surgeon F, W. F. Wieber, U.S. Navy, who
was detached January 6, 1893; Lieut. C. G. Calkins, U.S. Navy, was
detached January 7, being relieved by Lieut. A. F. Fechteler, U.S.
Navy, who reported the same day; Ensign W. G. Miller, U. 8. Navy,
was detached January 25; Passed Assistant Paymaster J.S. Carpenter,

PLATE 15.

Report U. S.F.C. 1893. Albatross Explorations. (To face page 314.)

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WORK OF THE STEAMER ALBATROSS. 815

U.S. Navy, was detached April 11, Assistant Paymaster Eugene D.
Ryan, U.S. Navy, reporting as his ee the same day; Ensign C. F,
Hughes, U.S. Navy, reported May 5.

_ The following officers were attached to the Albatross June 30, 1893:

Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. Navy, commanding; Lieut. A. F.
Fechteler, U.S. Navy, executive officer and navigator; Ensign H. B.
Wilson, U.S. Navy; Ensign E. A. Anderson, U. 8S. Navy; Ensign C.
M. Fahs, U. S. Navy; Ensign ©. F, Hughes, U. S. Navy; Passed
Assistant Surgeon T. A. Berryhill, U.S. Navy; Assistant Paymaster
Eugene D. Ryan, U.S. Navy; Passed Assistant Engineer A. M. Hunt,
U.S. Navy.

_ The civilian staff consisted of C. H. Townsend, resident naturalist;
A. B. Alexander, fishery expert; N. B. Miller, assistant in scientific

department; Harry Clifford Fassett, captain’s clerk.

- The present crew-list of fifty-three enlisted men is totally inadequate
for the performance of the ordinary duties of the vessel while engaged
in the work of deep-sea exploration, and the practice of shipping a
temporary force of civilians on the eve of sailing is still followed. The
original number of enlisted men, sixty-eight, was based on the manual
force required to carry on the work of the vessel, watch and watch,
which is absolutely necessary when operations are continued night and
day, as has been the custom on board this vessel.

The general health of officers and crew has been excellent, and the
hygienic condition of the vessel continues most satisfactory.

The Albatross has been seventy-five days at sea and has steamed
9,610 miles during the year.

REPORT BY A. B. ALEXANDER ON FISHERY INQUIRIES.

The Albatross left Mare Island navy-yard on the morning of May 20,
1893. The first fishing was at Comox, Vancouver Island, on May 30.
The beaches here are very poor for seine hauls; in most places they are
rocky and generally unsuited for collecting with nets. No economic
species were taken in the seine. Clams were fairly abundant.

These mollusks constitute one of the principal articles of food of the
small Indian tribe which lives here during the summer months. This
tribe, numbering about one hundred persons, camps here annually for
the purpose of laying in a supply of salmon for the winter. Ali fish
taken intended for future use are either dried or smoked. Fish to be
smoked are hung on lines or poles near the roofs of the huts or houses,
where the smoke freely circulates among them; those to be dried are
thrown upon the rocks or sand and left until they are sufticiently
cured to admit of being packed away and shipped to the winter settle-
ment, which is near the town of Union, 13 miles from the coast.

I saw no seines or nets of any kind at the fishing settlement, and
presume, from what information I could gain, that all salmon are taken
by trolling. Salmon are sufficiently plentiful to supply the wants of
both the white and Indian populations, but not numerous enough to

eeduce capital to build canneries®

bir

316 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 1 |

Our next stopping-place was at Pender Island, British Columbia, 77

miles north of Comox, where we anchored for the night. There being

a fine working beach not far from our anchorage, a party landed upon

it and made several hauls with a 135-foot drag seine. Nothing was

taken. The current sweeps by the island with considerable velocity,
which may account for there being no fish here, <A day’s trial might
have resulted differently.

St. Paul, Kadiak.—Arrived here on the morning of June 7. Shortly
after coming to anchor a fishing party landed upon a beach about 13
miles east of the town. A considerable number of flounders, sculpins,
and salmon trout were caught in the drag seine. The following morn-
ing a second visit was made to the same place, thinking to lay in a
supply of trout, but only one specimen was taken. A few cod were
captured in the seine; they were very small and sickly looking.
Several taken on hand lines by the crew, from the ship, were much
more thrifty in appearance. Several native women and boys were
noticed fishing with hand lines from the beach; the cod which they
eaught were small and emaciated. The white population of St. Paul
always fish for cod and other bottom fish a mile or two from the islands,
where plump and healthy fish are to be found.

Humboldt Harbor, Popof Island.—One hundred and fifty flounders
and a few salmon (small fry) were caught in a drag seine at the mouth
of a small creek. Two small halibut, weighing 5 pounds each, were
taken on a hand line from the ship, the result of a day’s fishing.
Repeated hauls were made with the drag seine at Humboldt Harbor,
but all species of fish except flounders were as scarce as they had been
a week previous. <A few cod and halibut were caught over the side of
the ship; they were of fine quality, but too small for market.

Other islands of the Shumagin group.—F ishing was next carried on at
Northeast Harbor, Sandy Cove, and Yukon Harbor. The first two
places are situated on Little Koniushi Island, the last on Big Koniushi.
At Sandy Cove cod were plentiful, 50 being caught in a short time;
average weight, 74 pounds; the largest 164 and the smallest 4 pounds.
At Northeast Harbor and Yukon Harbor only a few flounders were
caught. The beaches being composed of large stones, it was difficult
to find a place where the seine could be hauled.

Mist Harbor, Nagai Island.—This is one of the finest harbors for a
cod-fishing station in the Shumagin group. It is perfectly landlocked,

' and large enough to hold a large fleet of fishing vessels. The water is
| quite deep in all parts, with twenty odd fathoms within an eighth of a
_ nile from the shore at the entrance. While cod are scarce in its near

vicinity, it would nevertheless be a suitable place to establish fish-
houses, wharfs, ete., for the curing of fish.

The drag seine was hauled in all parts of the harbor, but collecting
was found to be poor. One salmon was seen to jump near the mouth of
a small mountain stream, but repeated hauls failed to catch a specimen.
It is very probable, however, that later in the season salmon strike here

eport U.S. F. C. 1893. Albatross Explorations. (To face page 317.) PLATE 16.

DEVIATION CARD. EAST OF ST. PAUL, KADIAK ISLAND.

Latitude 58° Gf)’ N.; Longitude 150° 00’ W. June 6, 1893.

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Explor

Report U.S. F. C. 1893. Albatross

DEVIATION CARD. OFF PORT TOWNSEND, WASHINGTON.

122° 45’ W. May 27, 1893.

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Latitude 48° 06’ N.; Lo

Report U. S. F. C, 1893. Albatross Explorations. (To face page 317.) PLATE 18.

DEVIATION CARD. OFF SANTA CRUZ, CALIFORNIA.

Latitude 36° 57’ N.; Longitude 122° 017 W. April 29, 1893.

i WORK OF THE STEAMER ALBATROSS. 317

in considerable numbers. The beaches near the water’s edge are
almost entirely destitute of animal life; it is only in depths ef from 2 to
3 fathoms that life is found. The water is very clear, and the bottom
can be distinctly seen at a considerable depth.

Finding it useless to haul the drag seine, I took the collecting boat
and a couple of hand lines and anchored off a rocky point not far from
the ship, where a number of bottom fish had been seen during the
afternoon. I was rewarded by two cod weighing 5 pounds each. It
was rapidly growing dark, and fishing was given up for the day.
‘The two specimens taken answered every purpose, however, as they
were sufficient to establish the occurrence of the species here. I see no
reason why cod should not be plentiful about this harbor; it is possible
that they may be in their season, for they may have times for visiting
this locality.

The following morning we took a small drag seine in the dory, and
rowed outside the entrance of the harbor about a mile to a beach
‘across which the dory was dragged and launched into a small lake
which had been observed from the ship the previous evening. Five
hauls resulted in over twenty small trout and half a bucket of stickle-
backs.

Sanborn Harbor, Nagai Island.—This harbor is situated on the west
side of the island. It is well sheltered, and a good locality for estab-
lishing a fishing station. Hauls with the drag seine were made in
every available place. Large numbers of flounders (two species), 6
‘salmon, 8 salmon trout, about a dozen sculpins, and a bucketful of
young salmon were taken; the salmon were about 2 inches in length.

Several hundred small trout, a few tomcod, and a large number of
‘starry flounders were caught in a small lake. The waver from the
lake had at one time emptied into the sea, but a dam composed of rocks

and wood, built by fishermen, now prevents the sea from flowing in or
the fresh water from flowing out, except what escapes under it. The
\water was perfectly fresh, but it did not seem to affect the salt-water -
‘species in the least, as those on board who sampled the flounders pro-
‘nounced them equally as good as any previously taken in those waters.

No further fishing or collecting was carried on amoung the islands of
‘this group.

Unalaska.—During the afternoon of June 28 the drag seine was
‘hauled several times along the beach, or spit, which forms Dutch Har-
bor. Two fiounders and four sea trout were the result of half a day’s
‘work. This has never proved to be a prolific beach for collecting. In
1888 several attempts were made to collect here, but each time we met
‘with poor results. The beach in most places makes off very abruptly,

and the bottom is nearly devoid of such life as attracts flounders and
other food-fish. Clams are fairly abundant, and at low tide it is a com-
‘mon occurrence to see the crews of whalers, men-of-war, and other
‘vessels on the beach with buckets and spades,

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*ponutyu0j—p.o0a. businwo puv pvorhoj0..oajay

333

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———

334 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Record of animal life, driftwood, kelp, ete.,
FROM PORT TOWNSEND, WASH.,
os — = li
Meridian position. See | |
A Wa- . Fur : Cor- |
Date. : Air. haved |eeeatse Whales. Auks, THonante | Ducks.
Latitude |Longitude | |
north. west. Dry | Sur- | |
bulb. | face.
1892. fe} t “ fo} / vw (e}
July 1 | 48 37 00 | 125 01 00 56 BR eS aceor an Bean Sp Oses col eee ea orasos| RSecacms ode Gecckeecie a. -
2 | 50 13 30 | 129 41 00 54 bei BSS sSopne ecmeereccod laccasmrooagcs leretatstegermaieteters | sc eigele See
3 | 51 23 00 | 1384 17 00 49 On| ae crassa QnotosF se ehetioncs sae eee eae Seta STe ry oP
4 | 52 18 00 | 138 26 OC 49 BON). cite Ones. 3)--/-|| sees |l2tar>\eratayaje =tate/ = ete a) See
5 | 52 53 10 | 143 04 00 46 ATU See maea| Seeetee eae | Sete ee nsec | Stns eee open | Seka See
6 | 53 35 20 | 147 19 20 48 gh Nes ea (DWO 2222.5) sesleac ssona| Succ en cree | Seat ae
7 | 53 55 00 | 151 50 10 48 48) oaceooose A RUSE Rao oSeeeoAeaeae |oeeteorcerollecssaSGacce..
8 | 53 57 00 | 156 56 00 49 49) soc/ohis tee MOUD especie sete sees | RosmAdconenalleonosot see--
9 | 5350 00 | 1622420] 48| 47/ One "wo ------ | Few ..---- Le Laclede Seo
10 | Lliuliuk Harbor, |
| Unalaska Island.
| 2-8 eae fs os am zi
FROM UNALASKA, ALASKA,
Aug. 3 | 54 01 30 | 165 58 30 54 DOW eiaceieete oe @Onez.s 2. Wewisce cs eecaseceeaes
4 | 54 00 12 | 161 18 00 56 A eae eae Three... .- Several
5 | 54 22 00 | 157 27 00 55 GH | aseseene Gwiomseces Several
6 | 54 50 00 | 153 50 00 54 DD. isheteese recall pirate mis aoe tstetal annem moe ete
7 | 55 27 00 | 152 15 30 55 DD iiliot= se ereioie rc Case mete oe | Ce cele a eae eee Serna aa
8 | 55 53 OU | 147 42 00 54 Gah eeensetpies Qne\(dend))} 22242 a eeee =
9 | 56 16 00 | 142 50 30 57 bi SSecgenet TW0)s2a--8 | ssocmceseacs
10 | 56 46 00 | 138 05 00 59 DOI mee rele te AAS) mierere rete ote iets (ell rs taretats teretcle ore Serer oot
11| Sitka Harbor,
Alaska.
FROM SITKA, ALASKA, TO PORT TOWNSEND,
Aug. 18) Sitka Harbor, 58 60) sere Heverdlece hoa seeeeesee He Wires = He waee see
Alaska. |
19 | 55 07 00 | 134 20 00 60 GU pSsotsaae Many cn paee ete soe MO waeeeee= Hew 225256
20 | 52 39 00 | 132 14 00 63 OOM eperatetare mate Se@Veral S25: acciocts ese eas eee eee OE Se ic
21 | 51 04 00 | 128 16 00 G45) SODA Reiss cer Severaliceievsssueceeee | Many..-.. Several ...
22 | 50 24 00 | 125 38 00 66 |e (60!) 22 eS 7 esl ee cee eek mee eee | Several...) Hew -22-c-
23)|-Departnre\BayeBaCs |) (633), (645) 2 uo sarc. |e acerca ae he ee se een cl eee ees Few ....--
24 | 48 59 00 | 123 25 00 BL D9) ie e crate Stover | revele winetetetere’=tlroterchalereterete inte Conia ene eve veteete rel ete cee eee
25 | Port Townsend, |
Wash.
FROM PORT TOWNSEND, WASH.,
| lee Sa |
Aug. 30 | 48 11 00 | 123 11 00 56 Bios apiestae Becaaercioscic [ints Sate sie ets | Beran Gece ee See eee
31546-9300 | 125 02 00:| 62]. #55 \.2.2.. ule -cesc eee | Ram MINS PLAN Ren
Sept. 1 | 43 04 00 | 124 46 00 il) SOU ee eese aie Mours i: Js|ssase chee sel seh ase eee eaio'to cies ae
2 | 39 52 00 | 124 11 00 59 2 |esamtacaier | EW isiesay-15| tinct sate cin spl eis cette Mere cae
3 | Navy-yard, Mare
Island, Cal. |
|
1893.
Apr. 25 | 37 52 00 | 122 28 40 63 |
26 | 36 46 00 | 121 57 00 55
27 | 37 43 00 | 122 43 40 55 |
28 | Navy-yard, Mare
Island, Cal.
| |

Bata

is

WORK OF THE STEAMER ALBATROSS.

bserved from deck of Albatross at sea.

TO UNALASKA, ALASKA.

x |
g Gulls. | Goneys. alae Petrels. | Puffins. | Terns. a Kelp. Remarks.
3
q
Pa
| {
Many-...| Many...) Few SOMOralle|ceaacnect| sme cena ae Several | Much..
logs.
me) bow ---.| Many...|.......... SEM GLE TIS RGB aa niaris BAemeat ec Much...| Much..
| aa NOVeNAl eto 5 sncumr DPVGLAPE| estos aia iatisclociaae ctoin' |rnio mole nie wici| este atte
Be a arstain NOVels le eeeee ee (MSOVOlAN Item saceses|orictm seine! + oe safe unleEe
ieee si was SSE Ver alee eee etaacr SRV ORB bal aie 3.28 |e wix oleiminters|| toll MOMS ope || aS eae creer
One..... Deverala|Cs. cess a's Many-.-..| Several .|.....-..-.- Little...) Much
- cee MEA Veer Naeem ae es | POLAN ec UM OW laces (sam «ove sae = cL ISCO
Many...) Few....| Few.-...| Many...) Many...].......... Mitreesss|sccseseee Trunk oflargetree;
3 roots attached.
Many...|, Few .---| Many Several .| Many..-| Few ..../........-. Much..
' TO SITKA, ALASKA.
|
Several .|..-..---.- Many Many.--.| Many--.| Several.|........-. Little
Rew. 28.|snccsoo2% Many Meamyis.| Many cao. os ste loc nueed fa. Much
Several .| Few Many...! Many...) Many WeWiasee|senaesceae Much
Few .--.| Few ....| Several .| Several.| Few ....|.......... Vs ecistste niece! Medians ee
Few Hew .-..| Kew?....| Few --..| Several..|......- 5: Pal yal ae AAR Ee
BOW 2-2. | HOW -2n.| sce sssco-. Mamya sit acenasecc|secceese ex Wop 2oc sce oeewee |
EG! eos) OW: cue [enc seeds eewerals| Hew. s-.|2--5-o<.sce Little Little. .!
Few ..-.| IDG Wiss solaes ateiarsoea Several.| Few....| Few....| Little...) Much..) Several jagers; 1
| coot.
WASH., VIA DEPARTURE BAY, B.C.
enc Amine Syl Ge eaetiseg Weocted cad ecdenacreica | abi Little Much..| Schoolof porpoises.
Several .| Several .|...-...--. Many...) Several .|.... Much Much..! Several phalaropes
and divers.
7 OTE El SEB e re Seeeeeae Several .| Several -|.......... | Dlog....|...---..- Several phalaropes.
Several .| Few ....| Few ..- ew ....| Few .-.-.| Several -| Much...| Much
SG et ESE Sees Bees oeeemee Jy Le Or aoe See bee Few ..--| Much Much..
everal ccmessee ac lsosc. <2 =f codes wes | cecoee cee Few ....| Little Little
LER ot! Se ate ba Geen ne net CnOos oes Enecmenras Few ....| Much Little
|
TO NAVY-YARD, MARE ISLAND, CAL.
Few .... .| Little...
Several .|° Much..
Several . Much..| School of porpoises.
1 OTETET sol ate) ey gto na be a 3 OD ts oe a a So eee Ol REP pecore ees cane Do.
TO MONTEREY, CAL., AND RETURN.
|
Many Several Many oc | NOW as a. [eece sa nces|eee deen asl esp cna a|eimaa Re
Many -:-| Mew -...| Mang. | Several oo. ol aioe] eens an a|nnnc-neas
‘eae Peseta Gan NO Wie sail neue tee cls vnc ywaes lOueeeene Siege ceikivs
| ‘

;

336 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Record of animal life, driftwood, kelp, etc., observed
FROM NAVY-YARD, MARE ISLAND,
i | ‘Sie pee eae :
Meridian position. | enya
Date. | ; | Air. Wa =aae Whales. Auks. eee Ducks.
Latitude Longitude)
north. west. Dry | Sur-|
bulb. | | face. |
1893. | fo) / uw 2) i Ww ° | ° |
May, 20) |'38 08:00 | 122s19%00) |\"65"| "590/222 s-cen leo ani- eee |oesa== eee ee ees ee eee eee eee
21 | 39 48 30 | 123 59 00 55 iH eateyatetenetats Several: -:) Jasco 222 asic| aqsebios eee Seer een eee
22 | 42 25 00 | 124 39 00 52 Ohl leersaemeise | Heverall. [34] ods. ee sclas| eee ceecsentee bess cee
23 | 45 58 00 | 124 19 00; 51 D2hl|lsersirrereete Weeicce ura See Meeme ences OW is5sae kc cmece cee
D4) | "48° 10) 00i| 23200000) |e boil) p5ky|\seaeeeeee [ea ae teal Mme Sere Se Pew soeaad| "soe eee eee
25 | Port Townsend, |
| Wash.
| |
FROM PORT TOWNSEND, WASH., TO ST. PAULS HARBOR
May 28 48 32 00 | DPB a Mame a He ie ye {pte gta als eas Me Few 22-58
29 | Vancouver Harbor, 55 BANS soja sire eve! apane reve paneien evoke | aes See abe ara Were ee |
British Columbia.
30 | Union Bay, Baynes 55 a ea ate a Sierra) Seles endteeies rere eee el eee eee Rew. soe
| Sound, British | |
| Columbia. |
31 | 49 30 00 | 124 43 00 55 51 [nsec cece es eee e scene cele ee ee eee eee ROW .wi2s-0| se scbeepeaee
June 1 | 50 44 00 | 127 21 00 51 48 [ree ceeeee a Sevieral2s|ioot cence se Many :22-4|-seceeeeeeee
2 | 51 28 00 | 180 55 CO 48 Cd Ee aes ao eae aeons ea cli ciame aaloce
3 | 53 04 00 | 134 46 00 | 49
4 | 55 06 00 |} 139 1700) 47
5 57 37 00 | 143.1100) 47
6 | 57 51 00 | 148 34 00 45
7 | St. Paul Harbor, 47
Kadiak Island,
Alaska
OM ST. PAUL HARBOR, KADIAK ISLAND
June 8 “37 44 0 | 152 19 00 47 46) |S Ones ee: |e SOM ela eer |e oeeereeraeia Mamny-c = 7) -enaeee = eee
9 | 55 41 00 | 155 19 00 45 43 | Two DM yrO'-- 2 Jake ese tee(e clear Many .2:-\s-s4-e2e=eer
10 | | 55 19 00 159 41 00 45 ABUSE eas se Dhree.- =... WET (acne olleagetcene sac Several -
FROM SAND POINT, POPOF ISLAND, TO
| rat “9 =
June 11 | 55 02 00 | 160 33 00 | 46 42 |..--.. Several Hew «=< ses |hose secs ses etic ceees
12 | 53 07 00 166 15 00 | 43| 43 | "Rhree:.| One: <descsleosss0 snes solo. tee eae ee
13 | 52.48 00| 1705800} 48| 41/|......... Many ssc eee Oe + ee ele
| | |
14 | Dutch Harbor, 50; 45] One One». si 20| set 40 282 Selle centee eeeeel | eee Beeesee
| -Unalaska Island, !
| Alaska. | |

FROM DUTCH HARBOR, UNALASKA ISLAND, TO SAND POINT,

POPOF ISLAND,

June 15
16

54 19 00 | 162 10 00.

Sand Point, Popof
Island, Alaska.

| 55 18 30 | 160 32 45

| Sandy Cove, Little

| Koniusbi Island,
Alaska.

46| 48
49 | 43
53 | 45
49| 43
45 (| bap

Myriads
Myriads

A

WORK OF THE STEAMER ALBATROSS.

7 from deck of Albatross at sea—Continued.

CAL., TO PORT TOWNSEND, WASH.

337

;
‘ Gulls. | Goneys. Gaile, Petrels. | Puffins. | Terns. are Kelp. Remarks.
BE VOCAL WHO: «= =< | Meany Se a MEN c cee lao toe oto onl rceantaloste|bnedcbiess o| seb csmctel
Several. Maia... MN OW ~9-| SOVOUAL § a scgcccss| as ansjecte|eweecees ne Little..| Large patches of
velella.
meseveral.| Several .| Several .| Few ..-.|. 0... 2-22|200.sceces|e eee sennec|eeeseeess Do.
mevany-..) Several /| Kew ....) Several .|....5.-...|.---20.--% Mach: 2.) 25.238.
meMany...| Few ....|.......-.. NOW os. |ocoeccoes sscete sees Little Little...
|
KADIAK ISLAND, ALASKA, VIA BRITISH COLUMBIA PORTS.
DUN? o.56¢)'saca5on996 [Sgseenaese|Cocseosaal Botner. eos eee ces oaas Mmeh...} st cee 22 =
(ou DWT tll See eSedse Bqesdopacd shgrneggice beeastcace Hewes. --|| Wibtles. ese 25.
Beem (eee eters ecient neine [eee tscco ss] Saancies scallvclsia'sjels ars c| Sead enemec|scewcsmss
sedeacclbGhAdé ce cellei6aH6 60H eon sns doe) he eecerccel Beeaeetere Neermc ance Little..| Several porpoises.
aeeBeBRS Several .|.......--- WG Wise se fetoce am aeie| aetsomac| eaee sees Little...
see PRM Yie cs are tic cee iain set tS Aaa aetcla | ad tt atniclelll= orale slats nem eiolmlel ats see |) BO VOLALN: Yo tnet ieee
ropes.
oo HLH SSS Pee MG Wie aa|t te cee cies |= ects ean alee aac een tei
| Several .| Several .]..-.....-. Several .| One: -.2.)s<-5.5 2.5. 1 jurae eres He
og.
Several .| Several -|......-.-- Many Several .| Many...|.......-.. Much..| 2 white goneys.
EDD TgAdi sec nde Abc) POeea eG rd be Gece ncd Se erro cand Secenecibe a pocccedoans | Sheceases rc

TO SAND POINT, POPOF ISLAND, ALASKA.

Many yi Many..-.| Many...
Many.. | One.....| Many...
ay---| =CecGncete) Many. ..

UNALASKA. ALASKA, VIA AMUTKA PASS.

|

mowcos| Soverdl.| Many...) Several .| Many. . 2)... ..-20s=|ssc--—<ce0|-ds-- <== | Observed many sea

| lions on and about

Unga Seal Rocks.

Few .-.., Many...) Several.) Few ...-| Several .|.......--- 1 large | Much..| Several white go-

| og. neys.
z.. + One... Many... Hew, 2.) Many... <cawieoes|s- <0 w---| Much.. Many killer
whales.
ae A leg rerears| PMN Vo warcict ie ciate uma ae ont | eae ecole eee eek lace moal WOCO CONG ys

|

CRUISING ABOUT SHUMAGIN ISLANDS, AND RETURN TO DUTCH HARBOR.

--| Few ..-.| Many... Many...| WI Ce ike are Beer Ook 4 oo Sone e
| Several .|..........| Many... Jenene “Several ............| Little..| 1 white goney.
Sea eet ys ac |) Watt ye ol WRAY ol MANY coe c 2 bn aane|acuwowmnmn| odes <3. Several white go-
/ neys.
F, R. 93 22
Y .

338

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Record of animal life, driftwood, kelp, etc., observed

FROM DUTCH HARBOR, UNALASKA ISLAND, TO SAND POINT, POPOF ISLAND,

Meridian position. pacer
= ae |
- |Wa-| Fur Cor-
Date. Air fort Haney ‘Whales. Auks. TRGTAeae Ducks.
Latitude |Longitude |
{
north. west. Dry | Sur-
bulb. | face.
1893. fe) / “ fe} ’ | (eo) (oe)
June 20 | 54 38 00 | 159 37 00 46 ABN Soccer HOURS ee sae Myriads -2) 522.1: -<2 Js] 20-0 saesC eRe
Sand Point, Popof 52 BAN ee onic sp cin sin nici | is Serelelacaia stl eisai e, Selle is | Mecca
Tsland, Alaska.
22 | 54 54 00 | 159 50 00 55 ANGI xe cere ate Several Maniy=-t ae Few .----- Several -.-
23 | 54 51 00 | 160 06 00 50 AG ys eee WOine. a2 DG Apeceee Eemooceeaase Several . .
24 | Sanborn Harbor, 54 23S Soaoeriaasoasedbabgooc HOW sb os<2| ease ose Several --.
Nagai Island,
Alaska.
25 | Sand Point, Popof 53 AWE eocpdod secobosscSpe|Seosdgnasado|Saecnoncsnad|ecvissosscace
Island, Alaska.
26) |Sosee GC heeeenacecaces 51 AS Emcee ee cleseenescen cs lcoseeseeeeseleee Comp erna oseccecasc
27 | 54 06 00 | 164 31 00 48 ZA shis-dnie) | NR Wii is Sood sccoouddeL 55 aeosaaccoaos||Sasocennsac<
eight.
28 | Duten Harbor, 53 On| cot ewrelel eeccesencmealtceeem cs anisielleee emacs sata |pmeceee eee
Unalaska Island,
Alaska.
FROM DUTCH HARBOR, UNALASKA ISLAND, TO
June 29 | Dutch Harbor, 56 AQ | ove ee Shellac eins ee dese Aeeeee cease SEeee eases eee see
Unalaska Island,
Alaska.
30 | 53 01 00 | 170 37 00 44 OR) > esc ars) >. dessa ISSCC Seeembo paces spo coo loamosssctse:

WORK OF THE STEAMER ALBATROSS.

339

Lag Petrels. | Puftins. | Terns. ay Kelp Remarks,
e
Many. | Man yes! Matmy | Mammy sto sccccs)sccnssces Little
Mew a= «| pIVANNY Soho ec matic ast Several .| Few ..-.|..-....... Little-.
ew... |p Many: .3|- 22.135 s268 IVES GS <||Gsancon oats see Little..| 3 oyster catchers
in Mist Harbor.
LO ec avd Vn ie 2 ees aS ol oceanic Or te Bee cob ocea Semen sane Little..| 1 oyster catcher in
Sanborn Harbor.
cea Ee SOveralta|-assce~ |) HOWies -o|- sag-os-- | aos maces |eee noe e Ek SOOKE
| Many-..-.| Several .| Many-...| Many.-..| Many Man ye site ase see escsae any phalarcpes.
BAY OF WATERFALLS, ADAK ISLAND, ALASKA.
2 ocd) co 45 2688 SSS Gneee4| Reoceqsoac||boscce CBs Seren reno BerEamr mcs Much
oe Peimieate's ~, Great | Many...| Several -|..........|.....----.| Much..| Several white go-
many. neys.
—

340

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Record of temperatures and specific gravities.

Specific gravity reduced to

Sis
2 Eis
= By
| # i238
S.J} a|e
eS BR oO =! a
he |S 2 2
Date. | Time of Istation.| Lat.N. | Long. W.| Depth. | 3 |S [Se
ate. day. n. . N. g. W. pth. | , Het pe
4 wu a aa
Be 5 me
2a) 8 lay OO
s = S co
oO oO “co
& A | BS
S| a|se
o) o}|o8

|H HB |e”

1892. [o) / Ww ie} / aw Oo | © fo)
PATI gd: |i eaityens | setnlen(ere 54 01 30 | 165 58 30 | Surface-| 47 | 53] 66
SU Gpemes to. eee 54 00 10 | 164 48 00 |.---do...] 50 | 51 | 66
Shel eA ON AC aes 54 30 00 | 163 36 00 |..-.do 52 | 52 | 66
An iG raters | etaaeer 54 02 00 | 162 30 00 |.---do 53 | 52 66
4) PDOs) eye | 54 02 12 | 161 18 00 |.--.do 54/55] 66
CEO hi al eae ae 54 07 00 | 160 20 00 |..-.do 55 | 58 66
45 Loi peme) | teeas 54 13 00 | 159 26 6O 21005 54} 55 | 66
io) OES Te RE Re 54 19 00 | 158 30 00 |.--.do - 56 | 55] 66
Fn leh USE SS ee ee 54 22 00 | 157 27 00 |.---do 56 | 55 66
5 Gipeameeseoses - 54 29 00 | 156 33 00 |..-.do 57 | 55 | 66
yal alan ate tee tore 54 36 00 | 155 39 00 |..--do 55 | 54] 66
6) (Glass) S sso. 54 45 00 | 154 45 00 |.--.do. 55 | 54 66
CaP AS We, Se) Be 54 50 00 | 153 52 00 Edo 55 | 53 66
GaK6ipem sess ci 54 59 00 | 153 28 00 |.---do. 55 | 54] 66
PA oie eneaaeac 55 10 00 | 153 04 00 |.--.do 55 | 54] 66
vf (We erige Seen 55 16 00 | 152 41 00 --do 55 | 53 | 66
Wael oabmn. t5| psec ass 55 27 00 | 152 15 00 |.--.do - 55 | 55 | 66
ooh eee aE eect 55 34 00 | 151 07 00 |.-.-.do - 56 | 55 | 66
tl AQepe mS sc ssesee 55 42 00 | 149 59 00 |.-.-do- 54 | 54 66
8) | Gavin s| see 55 47 00 | 148 52 00 |.--.do 53 | 53 | 66
(3H pel Ph oe ens sees 55 53 00 | 147 42 00 |.-.-do 55 | 54] 66
SH LOspeme seer 55 59°00 | 146 29 00 |.--.do 56 | 54 66
yp Dy aie Rose ee 56 05 00 | 145 16 00 |....do - 56 | 55 | 66
Oh RGxaeum =e eters 56 12 00 | 144 03 00 |....do - 55 | 55 | 66
Og) 2m Loe Sas aaee o | 56 16 00 | 142 50 30 |.--.do 57159 | 66
O95 (GSD ease see ace 56 23 00 | 141 39 00 |..--do 56 | 55 | 66
Oi Zips mals 2 25 25 56 29 00 | 140 27 00 |---.do-~ 56 | 55 66
Ou Granm =| lees cco | 56 85 00 | 139 19 00 E2doe 58 | 55] 66
AI) esi oe I ee eo 56 46 00 | 138 05 00 =-do%- 59 | 57 66
OMG Ops ames seer 56 55 00 | 137 01 00 |....do 59 | 59 | 66
10) (LA ypoams|Isitke (Bays sess eee <0 55 | 55] 66
SM RStesaae | Sitka wAlasicays see nee seem mne 25-200 56 | 54 | 66
HOW 2um fee] e eae 55 07 00 | 134 20 00 |..--do - 61 | 61 66
200 2a caer aa 52 39 00 | 132 14 00 |....do - 60 | 59 66
Oi goa tees | 51 04 00 | 128 16 00 |....do...| 58 | 61 | 66
Pp): Pitre rece eer | 50 24 00 | 125 38 00 |.--.do 52 | 58 | 66
23 | 12m Departure Bay, B.C ..-...-: s2eedo 54 | 58 | 66

1893.

May 20 | 7p.m..| Off Point Reyes, Cal........ socclye 54) 54 | 64
20) al2ip. ms | Eanes 38 40 00 | 123 39 00 |....do 52 | 52 | 64
21S Ghee mm |e ee *.| 89 09 00 | 123 48 00 }- .-do 51 | 55 63
Dike} WO ikea doko 39 48 30 | 123 59 00 |....do 53 | 56| 63
216i pene slasee cere 40 27 00 | 124 09 00 |....do 51! 53 | 63
PAIR PleAG ows Ty aoa t | 41 06 00 | 124 20 00 |....do 50 | 52 63
22 NEOPM sei (2 Soccer | 41 45 00 | 124 30 00 d0c By GE) 63
22 NM 2\m ie Aeientcaiers 42 25 00 | 124 39 00 --do 53 | 55 63
|| Fiosnwalleoa esos | 43 18 00 | 124 34 00 |....do 52.| 52] 63
22 i elope Ma /acmereee 44 11 00 | 124 28 00 |..-..do 50 | 49 | 63
PR ERs el Saeaene 45 04 00 | 124 23 00 |.---do - 51 | 50 | 63
Doig UZ see eee eee 45 58 00 | 124 19 00 |.-.-do - 5L | 52 | 63
23 | 6p.m-..| Off Grays Harbor .-.-.....--.- 22a-G0 BPP aa GR}
23 | 12p.m-| Off Destruction Island.....- =O 51 | 51 | 63
249 nGanane || (Capeklattenveccese case cence Bde 52 | 50! 63
27 | 12). Port’ Townsend..-..--.....- z=2-do 50 | 59; 63
29 | 12 m Vancouver, B.C cas. see saee -.-.do 52 | 55} 63
30 | 12 m ComoxBa@ seeeoccee seemaek Boek) 56 | 58 | 63

dune wl Oram Alert Bay ibaG@eess=) se ceee ae taecdO 49 | 53 | 63

1 | 12 p.m-.} Queen CharlotteSound...... 27-00 48 | 49 | 63
2 | 6a.m..| Off Queen Charlotte Island. -|....do 49° 49) 63
BAAS eS eeetecr 51 28 00 | 1380 55 00 .-do 48 | 48 3
Zan Osp IM se eeeocveee 51 52 00 | 131 52 00 |.-.-.do 47 | 48 63
DOIN PAS DS we |e 52 17 00 | 132 45 00 |.-..do 47 48) 63
tel AG Yea nse ee see 52 39 00 | 133 48 00 |....do 48 48 63
33) ||P Grose aera 53 04 00 | 134 46 00 |.-..do 49 | 50; 63
DROS UN so cr iais)e 2 53 35 00 | 135 53.00 ||.---do - 47 | 48) 63
Oi alen pms n= cess 54 06 00 | 1387 00 00 |....do 46' 48! 63

st ae a lc ll cell ll cl ll cl cl cl cl cel cl cl el ll cel wee lle ee ee ee rr er er oe ae oO

5 | ee
e 3
4 oO
H

on

(>)

A

(>)

o

i=

mM

0234 024240

PE ee ee ek pee ek ee ee ee

a eee ae gall el agl ge ple ml ae oe em ee ee

024240
024440
024440
024640
024640

- 024840

024840

. 024940

024840

. 024840

024940
024840
024840

. 024840

024740
024840
024840
024840
024940
024840
024740
024640

. 024740
. 024640
. 024640

024440
024240
024240
024040
023840
023640
023840
024140
023840
018840
018040

025211
025211

. 025411

025511
025411

. 025211

024811

. 024711

024411
024411
024611
019411
015411
016611
021211
023011
013011

- 018411
. 022011
- 023811

023811
024211
024411
024611
024611

. 024611

024611
024811

Pt tt tt et et et feat at et fe at a fet et fk et tk pe ek ek tk te ek ee fe pk ee ee pp

Specific gravity reduced to
15° ©,

023420
023420
023620
023620
023820
023820
024020
024020
024120
024020
024020
024120
024020
024020
024020
023920
024020
024020
024020
024120
024020
023920
023820
023920
023520
023820
023620
023420
023420
023220
023020
022820
023020

. 023320
. 023020

018020

. 017220

024391
024391
024591
024691
02459)
024391
023991
023891
023591
023591
023791

- 018591
. 014591
. 015791
. 020391
. 022191
. 012191

016591
021191

. 022991

022991

023591
023791
023791
023791

. 023791
. 023991

023391 |

i

WORK OF THE STEAMER ALBATROSS.

Record of temperatures and specific gravities—Continued.

] |
Date. ae Station.| Lat. N. | Long. W.| Depth.
; |
1893. (os Lae PT LAN Neato Fama Ola |
June. 4| 6a.m..|........ 54 37 00 | 138 10 00 | Surface -|
CN a DB eae) ee eesti 55.06: 00! ) 139°1% 00) ).~..do ...
ANGH As DO.= | aara'<iem <i> 55,43 00 | 140.15 00 |..-.do ...}
BRAN nO <cctomcts HO 2ONOOMeIAT EY 005.002.
5 | Gracm. 2555-5 56 58 00 | 142 09 00 | SLA Cg ae |
i 2AM Sos | ates ca aes = 57 37 00 143 11 00 |....do-
Deb G: ps Ties | coe a= 2/5 57 41 00 | 144 31 00 |....do-
al | Ci oe red ee ee 57 44 00 | 145 51 00 |....do -
(is OLE SA Ss ere 57 49 00 | 147 11 00 |....do
(ial Oe cree ee 57 51 00 | 148 34 00 }..-..do-
)G) |\Gipsm-..| Off Kadiak Island:--...<<<- |<... do
G22 p.m} St: Paul Harbor...--< ..-2+/-|2--2d0\-
8 | 12m St banlehadigks... ose. oo: -do .
NGA i ew rere .55 41 00 | 155 19 00 |....do -
dd” Sta. m--|-Homboldt) Harbor...= =. =<-|--.- do.
dN fo Bape ra ag Coe tee 53 07 00 | 166 15 00 |....do
amram ACM tal seaRR Ss o.com waseres sateces do
UA Ke pond. a AN alSAMP ASS. «2-5. 2 o5 owen acule a's do .
i NS gh ho IP « see ee 54 19 00 | 162 10 00 |....do.
19 | 12 m Sandy Covers s--2 coy sea tooee do -
20) 2s. = soe oe eo 54 38 00 | 159 87 00 |....do
73 ab rae eee 54 57 00 | 160 06 00 |....do
24 | 12m Sanborn Harbor........-...- ee a5 by
Pt a Wen IMM eye oo aren otal 54 06 00 | 164 31 00 |....do
Cee OA eee es See 53 01 00 | 170 37 00 |....do
}

Notr.—All specimens taken at about 1 foot below the surface, by means of a water bottle.

341

|

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a

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eglelse| # | #2 oe
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ga/sies|/ & | ® =
FOUN ee fi Sies ° ° °
s S| as a a és
a & | as | oa a
BF ielge| 2 |B | &
ere er be) ae Rn &

° ie} °

46 | 47 | 631 1.0244 | 1.024811 | 1.023991
46 | 47 | 63 | 1.0242 | 1.024611 | 1.023791
46 | 47 | 63 | 1.0242 | 1.024611 | 1.023791
45 | 45 | 63 | 1.0242 | 1.024611 | 1.023791
46 | 45 | 63 | 1.0240 | 1.024411 | 1.023591
47 | 48 | 63 | 1.0240 | 1.024411 | 1.023591
46 | 46 | 63 | 1.0242 | 1.024611 | 1.023791
46 | 46 | 63 | 1.0242 | 1.024611 | 1.023791
44 | 43 | 63 | 1.0242 | 1.024611 | 1.023791
45 | 46 | 63 | 1.0242 | 1.024611 | 1.023791
45 | 47 | 63 | 1.0240 | 1.024411 | 1.023591
44| 45 | 62 1.0230 | 1.023270 | 1.022450
49 | 50 | 62 | 1.0230 | 1.023270 | 1.022450
45 | 45 | 62 | 1.0242 | 1.024470 | 1.023650
43 | 50] 62 | 1.0240 | 1.024270 | 1.023450
44 | 44 | 62 | 1.0244 | 1.024670 | 1.023850
41 | 44} 68 | 1.0248 | 1.025211] 1.024391
2/46} 63 | 1.0246 | 1.024011 | 1.024191
44| 46 | 63 | 1.0242 | 1.024611 | 1.023791
42 | 46| 63} 1.0240 | 1.024411 | 1.023591
43 | 46 | 63 | 1.0240 | 1.024411 | 1.023591
44/52 | 63 | 1.0235 | 1.023911 | 1.023091
44 | 52} 63 | 1.0235 | 1.023911 | 1.023091
47 | 50| 63 | 1.0238 | 1.024211 | 1.023391
44| 45| 63] 1.0246 | 1.025011 | 1.024191

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THE NORRIS PETERS CO., PHOTO-LITHO., WASHINGTON. D.C

3.—A REPORT UPON ICHTHYOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN
WESTERN MINNESOTA AND EASTERN NORTH DAKOTA,

By ALBERT J. WOOLMAN, A. M.

INTRODUCTION.

The field work described in this report was carried on during the
months of July and August, 1892. The writer was assisted during the
first part of the season by Ulysses O. Cox, instructor in biology in the
State Normal School, Mankato, Minn. The work was conducted under
instructions from the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries,
Hon. Marshall McDonald, and under the immediate direction of Mr.
Richard Rathbun, assistant in charge of inquiry respecting food-fishes.

The object of the investigation was to examine the physical features
of Big Stone and Traverse lakes, and to make a careful study of the
fishes found in them for the purpose of comparing and contrasting
the forms found in these two great river systems—the Minnesota and
Red River of the North—this being the place where they most nearly
approach; to observe and record any items of interest bearing on the
fishes indigenous to these waters, and to note any other facts that
would in any way bear on fish-culture, such as geological features,
water supply, vegetation, food supply, and contamination of water.

In the identification of species I have been assisted by Dr. Barton W.
Evermann, of the United States Fish Commission, and Dr. Carl H.
Higenmann, of the University of Indiana.

The basins and river systems were studied in the following order:

Lake Traverse Basin: | James River at La Moure and Jamestown,
Lake Traverse. N. Dak.
Daugherty Creek. Pipestem River.
Muslinka River. Red River of the North and tributaries:
Big Stone Lake Basin: Red River of the North at Moorhead,
Little Minnesota River— Minn., and Grand Forks, N. Dak.
At Browns Valley. . Otter Tail River.
Near Sisseton Indian Reservat-on. Cheyenne River at Lisbon and Val-
At the head of Big Stone Lake. | ley City, N. Dak.
‘Big Stone Lake at Creager’s Farm | Maple Creek.
and Ortonville, Minn. Buttalo River.
Minnesota River Basin: Goose River.
Wheatstone Creek. Red Lake River at Grand Forks and
Pomme de Terre River. Crookstown, N. Dak.
Chippewa River. ~ | Pembina River.
Minnesota River at Ortonville and | Tongue River.
Montevideo, Minn. Forest River.
Park River,

343

344 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

THE RED RIVER OF THE NORTH.

The Red River of the North is the only large stream within the bor-
ders of the United States that finds a northern outlet for its waters.
Its course is down a long, gentle slope culminating in a low watershed
that separates this system from that of the Mississippi on the south,
east, and west. This divide in no place reaches the dignity of a moun-
tain range, but is low, and in places broad and level, and is composed
entirely of drift brought down from the northeast and north during
glacial times. Maps represent the Red River of the North as the
outlet of Lake Traverse and as a broad, marshy river in its upper
course. Butit is not the outlet of this lake nor has it been for many
years. Neither is it broad and marshy as a river.

It is evident that the long trough occupied by Lake Traverse, Big
Stone Lake, the Minnesota River, and the Mississippi River was at one
time a magnificent waterway draining an inland lake greater in area
than Lake Superior. This old river channel has been scooped out 150
to 200 feet below the surrounding country, and is 1 or 2 miles wide,
retaining this width with remarkable constancy throughout its 300 miles
or more of length.

TRAVERSE AND BIG STONE LAKES.

These two large lakes occupy that part of the valley of “River War-
ren” that lies between the parallels of 45° 15’ and 45° 55/ north. This
section of the valley is over 14 miles wide, and of an average depth of
145 feet. The general direction of the valley is north and south,
although the middle of this section is strongly curved to the west. The
two lakes are about 5 miles apart, separated by sediment piled a few
feet above the surface of Traverse Lake. This deposit separating the
two lakes is not, however, the divide between the two river systems;
the main divide or highest land lies to the north of Traverse Lake.
Entering the valley from the west, about a mile below Traverse Lake,
is the Little Minnesota River. This stream has worn for itself a valley
extending to the northwest commensurate with its size and eroding
power; upon reaching the broader valley, it lost its power to erode
and at once began to deposit its sediment, which it extended across the
valley dividing and separating the two waters, thus forming two lakes
from the one that already existed, or perhaps damming the stream
before Big Stone Lake had been formed.

It is quite evident from the following that after the Minnesota River
had ceased to be the outlet of Lake Winnipeg, the entire valley of 35
miles, forming the semicircle from the head of Lake Traverse to the
foot of Big Stone Lake, was one lake:

(1) The granite outerop at the foot of Big Stone Lake resisted erosion
to so great an extent that during the full discharge of water down this
passageway it was left projecting above that part of the bed farther

Ef INVESTIGATIONS IN MINNESOTA AND NORTH DAKOTA. 345

north, which became a vasin that wouid remain filled with water, and
it naturally follows that after this water-course had ceased to receive
supplies from the north, the small amount of water that would escape
from this lake, with its diminishing velocity, would not erode a granite
bed sufficiently to rapidly reduce the depth of this lake.

(2) The ancient shore line of Lake Traverse can be traced a mile
below the present limit of the lake and would indicate a former union
with Big Stone Lake since the days of active running water in this
channel. The character of both the fauna and flora would bear out
this theory, since the difference in vegetation in the valley and on the
hillside is much more marked and pronounced between the lakes than
itis below the foot of Big Stone Lake or above the head of Traverse
Lake. Likewise the windings of the old bed of the Little Minnesota
River would indicate little or no opposition from running waters.

The similarity of species of fishes found in the two lake basins would
indicate that these two lakes had at one time been connected and that
there was free water communication between the parts, while the
number of comparatively unimportant and minor differences (which,
however, are quite noticeable and constant, and in some cases reach
almost varietal importance) show clearly the landlocked condition of
the fishes of Lake Traverse and amount almost to proof that these
lakes have not been united in recent years.”

LAKE TRAVERSE.

Lake Traverse forms the greater part of the northwestern boundary
of Traverse County, one of the western tier of counties in the State of
Minnesota. It is a long, narrow body of water, varying from 1 to 14
miles in width. The valley is of a regular trough shape, sloping from
the top of the hills to the bottom of the lake. The water of the lake
lies low in this trough, with but a narrow margin of level land between
it and the steep hillsides.

The lake is shallow, with a maximum depth of 30 feet and an average
of possibly 15 feet, the depth fluctuating to the extent of 24 to 4 feet in
periods of about four years. This variation is closely connected with
the rainfall, but is said sometimes to happen without apparent cause.
The lake at the time of our visit was about 3 feet deeper than it had
been for four years. The water frequently falls so low that the large
drift bowlders project from the surface of the water in the middle
of the lake. The shore line is quite regular, marking a more than
usual stony area in the drift. The water is warm, 77° at the time of
our visit in July, and, owing to its shallowness and the high winds that

‘stir the lake to its bed, the top and bottom temperatures are practically
the same. The water is comparatively pure, never containing clay in
‘Sufficient quantities to cause it to look turbid; it is soft and contains
but little mineral salts. The hills on either side of the lake are 150 to
200 feet high and composed entirely of drift, a greater part of which

>

346 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

is of large granite boulders which cover the ground thickly and which
are piled in great heaps or walls along the southeastern shore of the
lake. The bowlders lying near the lake are worn smooth by the action
of the waves. Throughout the greater part of the winter the water is
frozen, and frequently to the bottom, over much of the lake.

This lake has no outlet, nor is it as long as it is usually represented.
Eighteen miles or more of the northern end of what is ordinarily repre-
sented as Lake Traverse is a vast meadow land over which the water
does not extend. The waters would drain to the south if the present
basin were filled to overflowing. The character of the ground is quite
different at the opposite ends, the one being a comparatively recently
formed dam and the other composed of sediment from a lake bed over-
grown with rank vegetation. This great meadow is a wilderness of
coarse, wild grasses, 6 to 8 feet high, interspersed with areas of smaller
prairie grass that is used by the neighboring farmers for hay. It is
60 or 75 miles in length and somewhere within this area the Boise de
Soux River (the nominal head of the Red River of the North) has its
source. The Boise de Soux River is a small, sluggish, bayou-like stream
only a few feet wide and of uncertain channel.

Traverse Lake has but two small inlets—one from the east, the
Muslinka River, and one from the west that has been called Daugherty
Creek. These two small streams, together with a small annual rain-
fall, are the only visible means of water supply. The Muslinka River,
the eastern and larger of the two tributaries, is a small stream, 40 or 50
miles long, that flows only during the spring and early summer.

The lake teems with animal and plant life. Most of the water-plants
of this section of the country appear to be represented, ranging from
the great rushes to the. tiny desmids. Bulrushes, beakrushes, nut-
rushes, sedges, and grasses grow in luxuriance. Several species of
Potamogeton, milfoil, and bladderwort were observed, but the lake is
particularly rich in alge. Quantities of Chara, and a large, coarse
Vaucheria grow in various places. Species of smaller filamentous alge
and desmids and diatoms are present. The vegetation in the lake does
not decay on the bottom, but is washed to the shore.

The lake contains an abundance of animal life; the lower forms are
present in great numbers and variety. Crustacean life is abundant.
A few crawfish were observed, and the shallow waters near the shore
and among the weeds and rocks were filled with Gammarus, while
swarms of Daphnia, Cyclops, and other small forms filled the surface
waters. Great numbers of insects and their larvee sported among the
stones. The families Gyrinide and Hydrophide predominated, and were
each represented by several species. Molluscan life was abundant,
‘especially univalves. The genus Planorbis was represented by several
species; these were slowly crawling over the vegetation or floating
leisurely about near the surface of the water with the broad, almost
circular foot expanded and protruding just above the surface, while the

INVESTIGATIONS IN MINNESOTA AND NORTH DAKOTA. 347

+,

flat spiral shell hung suspended in the water. The genus Limnea was
‘more abundant, both in variety and numbers. Limpets fastened to the
bottom and sides of stones were also abundant.

- Though the food supply is -plentiful, comparatively few fishes were
found in the lake; owing tothe great number of bowlders thickly strewn
over the bottom of the lake the seine could not be used to good advan-
tage, but from observation and what could be learned from local fisher-
‘men, about the only food species taken are pickerel (Lucius lucius),
eatfish (Ameiurus nebulosus), and a few strawberry bass (Pomowis); nor
are these varieties as abundant as in former years. No small fishes
were observed in the lake proper, and frequent attempts with hook and
line failed.

_ The two tributaries of Lake Traverse were examined, which com-
pleted the work in this lake.

_ The specimens obtained give a fair representation of the fish fauna
of this basin. by

Daugherty Creek, Browns Valley, Minnesota, July 13, 1892.—This is

the largest western tributary of Lake Traverse. It flows into the lake
about 8 miles from the southern end, and is only a meadow brook 8 or
10 miles long, the outlet of two small “grass lakes.” The stream will
average 6 feet in width and has a rapid current in the narrow places.
‘The depth of the water varies from 1 to3 feet. The bed of the stream
is of gravel and coarse stones. The banks are overgrown with grass
and other prairie vegetation, but no trees are to. be found. In the
more quiet places the water is matted with water vegetation, Pota-
mogeton, Myriophillum, Sagittaria, Lemna, and a few species of alge.
The temperature of the water was 67°.* Numerous small crustaceans
and insects sported among the tangled vegetation. As a southern
tributary to this stream, a small spring brook added its waters, which
were much cooler, 62°. The stream is well stocked with fish, but of
few species. During the spring pickerel (Lucius lucius) ascend to
Spawn, and we were informed on good authority that they sometimes
fill the stream and can be thrown upon the bank with forks or shovels
in large numbers.

_ Muslinka River, Wheaton, Minn., July 22.—This river rises in the
central portion of Grant County, Minn., flows a general southeasterly
direction for 25 miles, and joins Lake Traverse at its head, or northern
end. The stream lies at the bottom of a broad, shallow valley, one-half
to three-fourths mile in width, and is by far the largest and longest
tributary of this lake, but it is little more than “a wet-weather drain.”
It is long and winding, with low banks and a current that moves so
‘Slowly that its motion is almost imperceptible; it does but little, except
during the season of greatest rainfall, to replenish the waters of the
lake. The stream will average 18 feet in width and 24 feet in depth.

*The temperatures given in this paper are in Fahrenheit degrees, and were deter-
‘Mined by means of a Wilder protected thermometer.
‘

*

5 >

a ometitlly

3848 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. |

The banks are low and without trees, the prairie grass and other
vegetation growing to the water’s edge. The bed of the stream is of
small gravel, mud, and decayed vegetation, from which grow rushes,
pondweeds, and bladderworts (Utricularia). The stream was almost
entirely devoid of fish life, owing, no doubt, to its having no direct |
communication with the lake for several months in the year. |

Two species of fish were taken, Lucius luctus and Notropis megalops, |
and these were very rare. Crawfish were particularly abundant, and |
one species of water-snail (Zimnea) was also abundant. Temperature —
of the water, 78°; of the air, 75°, cooled by the recent rains.

The following is a list of fishes taken from Lake Traverse basin. |
The measurements are given in millimeters unless otherwise stated.

|
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE FISHES OF LAKE TRAVERSE BASIN.

1. Pimephales notatus,(Rafinesque). Shiner; Creek Shiner. Daugherty Creek at |
Browns Valley, rare. Shape and color much like P. promelas; head black, |
snout blunt; fins dark, snout and lower jaw turbercled; lateral line with 4
scales, not distinct anteriorly. |

2. Notropis megalops (Rafinesque). Common Silverside; Brook Shiner. Muslinka
River at Wheaton, 5 specimens. Daugherty Creek at Browns Valley, abund-
ant. This species was particularly abundant. Specimens very dark—much
darker than those from Little Minnesota River. Lateral line black; body |
slightly deeper than in those from Little Minnesota River.

3. Rhinicthys cataracte dulcis (Girard). Daugherty Creek at Browns Valley, 10
specimens. Not common. Body moderately elevated; shoulders heavy;
caudal peduncle compressed, but deep; head medium or small; line from
snout to top of shoulders slightly concave; eyessmall; mouth horizontal and
small, maxillary reaching about half the distance from snout to eye. Color |
dark, almost black above, mottled with black blotches which extend to the_
lateral line; belly, cheeks, and lower jaws light; dorsal and caudal fins dark;
ventral and anal fins light; rays of anal longer than those of any other fin, —
nearly as long as head; ventrals half as long as anal; dorsal, 7; anal, 7; |
scales, 63 to 70. /

4. Hybopsis kentuckiensis(Rafinesque). Chub; River Chub. Daugherty Creek at_
Browns Valley, common. Color dark; caudal spot conspicuous in all speci-
mens. Head 3} in body.

5. Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill). Horned Dace. Daugherty Creek at
Browns Valley, abundant.

6. Lucius lucius (Linneus). Pike; Northern Pickerel. Muslinka River at Wheaton,
12 specimens. Daugherty Creek at Browns Valley, abundant. Traverse
Lake, not common. This is about the only food-fish in Traverse Lake. It
ascends the creeks in great numbers in the spring of the year to spawn.

7. Bucalia inconstans (Kirtland). Brook Stickleback. Daugherty Creek at Browns |
Valley, 12 specimens. Color, dark olive with tessellations on sides; males
almost black. This species prefers the cold water and sheltered places. |

BIG STONE LAKE. |

The valley occupied by this lake is very similar in character to that.
occupied by Lake Traverse. There is a more marked slope of the
surface of the country to the south than to the north. The country to

—
—————

a

INVESTIGATIONS IN MINNESOTA AND NORTH DAKOTA. 349

‘the south has suffered more from erosion, deep ravines and waterways
having been cut through the drift, and in places touch bedrock. Big
‘Stone Lake is from 35 to 38 miles long and from 14 to 2 miles wide.
The lake lies in more curves than Traverse and is less regular in width.
It exceeds Lake Traverse in depth, its maximum depth being 35 feet. The
bottom is of sand, and in some places a few inches of mud, strewn with
bowlders of various sizes. The temperature of the water at surface and
bottom is practically the same, owing to the frequent winds that stir
the water to the bottom. This body of water is subject to less fluctua-
tion in depth than Lake Traverse, on account of the outlet, which the
latter does not possess.

The water contains but little mineral matter and is always clear and
fresh. The lake is said to be supplied with water from large springs in
the bottom, but nothing of the kind was observed, though several fine
springs along the eastern shore were visited. Besides the springs and
the direct surface drainage from a comparatively small area, the lake
receives the inflow from Little Minnesota River. The banks, which for
the most part are of the same slope and are almost continuous with the
higher hills, are composed entirely of drift material, no outcrop oceur-
ring except at the foot of the lake. The shore is skirted with a narrow
belt of small timber that offers protection and shade. There is very
little vegetation in the water. Around the inlet and outlet are a few
acres of rushes, and these are bordered by a small area of submerged
vegetation.

The lake is covered with ice during the winter, though it never
freezes to the bottom. Fish food, such as water insects, larvee, crusta-
ceans, and mollusks, is not as abundant as in Lake Traverse, yet the
supply is apparently sufficient. Two species of water-snail are common,
and a few shells of Anodonta were observed. It was also reported that
these bivalves were numerous about certain islands in the lake.

Theyoung of Catostomus teres and Moxostoma macrolepidotum, together
with Percopsis guttatus and a few species of Htheostoma and Notropis,
were also common.

The lake is well stocked with several varieties of good food-fishes,
foremost among which are pickerel (Lucius luctus), bass (Mieropterus sal-
moides), wall-eyed pike (Stizostedion vitreum), rock bass (Ambloplites
rupestris), and crappie (Pomoxis sparoides).

The pickerel is one of the most abundant species; specimens weighing
from 8 to 12 pounds are often obtained. It is easily taken with the hook,
almost anything that will satisfy its voracious appetite or attract its
attention serving for bait. The large-mouth black bass is the favorite
of the angler, since much more skill is required in its capture. Almost
any bait will suffice to take this species here, but the young of Car-
piodes velifer, 14 to 2 inches long, and Fundulus diaphanus, of about the
same size, are found most frequently in bait buckets, while the smaller
species of Pimephales and Htheostoma are not infrequently used.

> ad

350 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

White or silver bass (Roccus chrysops) are common and very abun-
dant in April and May about the mouth of Little Minnesota River or in
any other inlet. This species is said to take a fly almost as readily as
does a trout, and is captured in this way or with a small minnow. It —
attains a weight of from 24 to 34 pounds, and is a luxury when brought
to the table. Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) can be taken in large |
numbers, while large specimens of the two most abundant varieties of
sunfish (Lepomis pallidus and Lepomis megalotis) can be taken from a
boat or at almost any point along the shore. Catfish (Ameiurus nebu-
losus) are taken, but are not valued as food. The sheepnose, or grunter |
(Aplodinotus grunniens), is also common, reaching a weight of 6 or 8
pounds, but the larger ones are not prized as food, the flesh being tough |
and unpalatable, especially after the spawning season. |

A sucker (Ictiobus cyprinella?) grows to a very large size in this lake. |
It remains in deep water near the bottom during the day, but is speared
at night, when it enters the more shallow water to feed.

Big Stone Lake, Creager’s farm, July 16, 1892.—The water at this
place, 12 miles from the head of the lake, will average 14 or 16 feet in —
depth, and the lake is at that point a mile wide. The shore consists of
a series of gentle curves and sharp points. The bed of the lake is in
places smooth and sandy and at others very rocky, the rocky bays usu-
ally alternating with the smooth sandy bottom of the points. The shore,
especially on the south side, is skirted with small trees and bushes, of
which elm, oak, and box-elder are the most common varieties. At this
place we spent an entire day collecting. The fishing was done with a
250-foot seine. Though the bottom of the lake was somewhat stony,
the work was very successful, and not only a fair representation of the
species of the fish was obtained, but also an indication of the abun-
dance of each species. Every haul of the seine landed perch, bass,
suckers, pickerel, white bass, and sunfish. Percopsis guttatus was also
taken in large numbers.

Big Stone Lake, Ortonville, Minn., July 19, 1892.—Ortonville is at
the foot of Big Stone Lake and at the junction of the Wheatstone and
Minnesota rivers. The surrounding hills are very high and have been
eroded into somewhat rugged cliffs. The banks are well timbered on
the south side, along which the bays and inlets are well shaded. The
bottom of the lake is composed of sand, thickly strewn with bowlders.
The water is not deep, and the bed slopes gradually up toward the foot
of the lake and toward the shores. The coves along the eastern bank
are filled with granite bowlders, and the points of land extending into
the water are composed entirely of this material. The water is clear,
containing less vegetation than at the head of the lake. A fewrushes
grow about the outlet, and the bottom in more shallow places is covered
with Chara and Potamogeton. Water insects and small crustaceans were
observed, but were not abundant. The variety of fishes was much

INVESTIGATIONS IN MINNESOTA AND NORTH DAKOTA. 351

i reater than at the head of the lake. The following is a list of the fishes
en from Big Stone Lake and its tributaries:

ANNOTATED LIST OF THE FISHES OF BIG STONE LAKE AND TRIBUTARIES.

|Z
1. Ameiurus nebulosus (Le Sueur). Catfish; Bullhead. Little Minnesota River at

Browns Valley, 1 large specimen; Big Stone Lake at Ortonville, 5 speci-

mens; Big Stone Lake at Creager’s farm, 3.

2. Setcatomua teres (Mitchill). White Sucker; Brook Sucker. Little Minnesota

a River at Browns Valley, common; Big Stone Lake at Creager’s farm, 25
specimens; Big Stone Lake at Geran 10; Little Minnesota River near
Indian Agency, 5. At no place were ieee specimens of this species taken
except at Creager’s farm, where a large seine was used and several speci-
mens from 12 to 15 inches long were obtained. ,

'3. Moxostoma macrolepidotum duquesnei (Le Sueur). Medhorse; White Sucker.

Little Minnesota River at Browns Valley, 2 specimens; Big Stone Lake at
Creager’s farm, 16; Big Stone Lake at Ortonville, common. The specimens
taken from the river were light in color, with little variation. Those taken
from the clearer waters of the lake were steel-blue above, with sides and
belly white.

4. PimephaleS notatus (Rafinesque). Minnow. Big Stone Lake at Creager’s

* farm, 6 specimens; Big Stone Lake at Ortonville, 10. Those taken from the
latter place were very large, with snouts tubercled.

5. Notropis deliciosus (Girard). Little Minnesota River at Browns Valley, 2
specimens; Big Stone Lake at Ortonville, 4

| Notropis megalops (Rafinesque). Common Shiner. Little Minnesota River at
Browns Valley, abundant; Little Minnesota River near Indian agency, 10
specimens; Big Stone Bane at Creager’s farm, 7; Big Stone Lake at Orton-
ville, 9. Those taken from the Little Misuipactn River were noticeably
lighter in color than those from Lake Traverse Basin.

7. Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque. Big Stone Lake at Creager’s farm, 1 very
‘large specimen. Lateral line with 38 scales. Color dark olive, with sides
and belly covered with a thick coat of silvery pigment.

8. Notropis cayuga Meek. Little Minnesota River at Browns Valley, abundant.
This is a very beautiful little tish, of alight brown or olive color, with dark
spots lining the edge of each scale; a dark lateral band about 2 scales in
width passes entirely around the blunt snout, not touching the lower lip.
This lateral stripe is overlaid with a light coat of silvery pigment; above
and bordering this stripe is a distinct narrow line of a lighter color; dorsal
line not distinguishable. Back not arched; lower jaw not horizontal, and
projecting.

9. Notropis hudsonius (Dewitt Clinton). Little Minnesota River at Browns Val-

ley, 4 specimens; Big Stone Lake at Creager’s farm, 2 specimens. This fine
minnow is known to inhabit a broad area in the valley of the Red River
of the North and a limited area in the Minnesota River Valley. The back is
slightly elevated, sloping gradually from the snout to the dorsal, the belly is
of about the same curvature as the back, so that the lateral line is about the
axis of the body; head medium in size, with short blunt snout; lower jaw
nearly horizontal, maxillary reaching anterior edge of orbit of large eye;
anterior rays of dorsal above or slightly in advance of first rays of ventral,
longest dorsabray reaching slightly beyond anterior margin of anal; caudal
peduncle thick. Color, above a dark olive, with vertebral stripe the entire
length of body; sides ornamented with a broad lateral stripe that extends
around the snout; sides and belly covered with a satin-like pigment; lateral

| 2

352 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

10.

ibis

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

aly /c
18.

19.

20.

21.

'

line slightly curved, complete, with about 38 to 41 scales. The two speci-
mens from the lake were somewhat darker and richer in color, with body and
caudal peduncle more slender. These specimens are of the form described
recently by Eigenmann & Eigenmann as Notropis scopifer.

Hybopsis kentuckiensis (Rafinesque). iver Chub. Little Minnesota River
at Browns Valley, 2 specimens, both small. This species apparently does
not thrive in these waters as it does farther south.

Percopsis guttatus Agassiz. Trout Perch. Little Minnesota River at Browns
Valley, rare; Big Stone Lake at Creager’s farm, 20 specimens. This is
apparently the most common species of small fish at the last-named place,
where it is highly prized for bait by the local fishermen. It was taken near
shore in about 4 feet of water and usually from over a sandy bottom.

Fundulus diaphanus (Le Sueur). Mud Minnow; Top Minnow. Big Stone Lake
at Creager’s farm, 7 specimens; Big Stone Lake at Ortonville, 12, taken in
shallow water near the shore. Ovaries of females filled with eggs, some of
which were ripe, while others were very small: The intestinal canal was
filled with a peculiar pin-shaped parasite about a quarter of an inch long.

Lucius lucius (Linnzeus). Northern Pickerel; Pike. Little Minnesota River at
Browns Valley, 8 large specimens; Big Stone Lake at Ortonville, 3; Big

Stone Lake at Creager’s farm, 12. Thisis the most abundant food fish of this —

region.

Bucalia inconstans (Kirtland). Brook Stickleback. Big Stone Lake at Orton
ville. This species does not inhabit the lake to any extent.

Pomoxis annularis Rafinesque. Red-eye; Straw Bass; Calico Bass. Big Stone
Lake at Creager’s farm, common. An excelient food-fish, thriving in these
waters.

Lepomis pallidus (Mitchill). Big Stone Lake at Ortonville,common. Great
numbers are taken with hook and line; worms or insects are used for bait.

Lepomis megalotis (Rafinesque). Blue-gill. Taken only at Ortonville. Num-
bers and habits about the same as those of L. pallidus. Several young speci-
mens taken with the seine.

Micropterus dolomieu (Lacépéde). Small-mouth Black Bass. Little Minnesota
River at Browns Valley, 3 specimens ; Big Stone Lake at Creager’s farm, 5.
This species was not abundant and only very small specimens were taken.

Micropterus salmoides (Lacépéde). Large-mouth Black Bass. Little Minnesota
River at Browns Valley, common; Big Stone Lake at Creager’s farm, 12
specimens ; Big Stone Lake at Ortonville, common. One of the most abun-
dant game fishes and one to which the lake seems particularly well adapted.

Etheostoma aspro (Cope & Jordan). Black-sided Darter. Little Minnesota
River at Browns Valley, 5 large specimens. Head 4 ; depth 54 ; dorsal 1x or
x-11 or 12 ; anal 11,7.

Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque. Little Minnesota River at Browns Valley, 2
specimens; Big Stone Lake at Creager’s farm, 15; Big Stone Lake at Orton-
ville, common. Color dark. Head and shoulders heavy, tapering to the
long caudal peduncle; cheeks and opercles covered with scales; lateral line
with 40 to 52 scales. A specimen from the outlet of Big Stone Lake is some-
what peculiar and may be described as follows: Head, 34 (without flap, 34);
depth, 52; eye, 44 (4 without flap), equaling snout. D. vim-12; A. 1, 8;
scales 4-49-5. Body slender, resembling Ltheostoma olmstedi in general form,
head moderate, caudal peduncle long and slender; mouth large, nearly hori-

zontal; premaxillaries protractile; maxillary reaching vertical of pupil;
gill-membranes scarcely connected. Cheeks naked or nearly so; opercles,

nape, and breast scaled, belly with ordinary scales; lateral line complete,
slightly arched in an anterior portion. Dorsal fin high, longest spine about
12 in head, soft portion a little higher; anal rays about 2 in head, anal fin

smaller than soft dorsal; its base 13 in that of soft dorsal; pectoral long, as_

' INVESTIGATIONS IN MINNESOTA AND NORTH DAKOTA. 353

, long as head, almost reaching anal fin; ventrals short, 14 in pectoral.

Color of male in alcohol, dusky, with ten or eleven darker vertical bars extend-

ing from median line of back to below lateral line, the anterior ones narrow,

those on posterior part of body broader; the spaces between these bars with

small, dark punctulations; top and sides of head profusely punctulate; a

dark suborbital spot; spinous dorsal black on membrane connecting first

two or three spines, the rest of spinous part punctate, and edged with black;

a small black spot on posterior part; soft dorsal more or less mottled;

caudal paler, some black on tip and edges; anal profusely covered with fine

dark points, thickest on edge; ventrals blue-black; pectorals pale. Length
2inches. Found by us only in the Minnesota River at the outlet of the Big

Stone Lake. Though differing somewhat from typical specimensof EZ. nigrum,

our specimen is apparently a breeding male of that species.

(22. Perca flavescens (Mitchill). Yellow Perch; Ringed Perch. Little Minnesota
River at Browns Valley, common; Little Minnesota River near Sisseton
Indian agency, 2specimens; Big Stone Lake at Creager’s farm, common; Big
Stone Lake at Ortonville, common. Especially numerous in Big Stone Lake.

|23. Stizostedion vitreum (Mitchill). Wall-eyed Pike; Pike Perch. Big Stone Lake
at Creager’s farm, 6 specimens; Big Stone Lake at Ortonville, 4. An excel-
lent food-fish and frequently taken.

/24. Aplodinotus grunniens Rafinesque. Sheepshead; White Perch; Croaker. Little
Minnesota Riverat Browns Valley, 2 specimens; Big Stone Lake at Creager’s
farm, 5; Big Stone Lake at Ortonville, 2. This species reaches a weight of
4 to 6 pounds, but is not much prized as food. It is much sought after by
the boys for the otolith of the ear—“ luck stones in the head.”

MINNESOTA RIVER.

The Minnesota River is 255 miles long and occupies a deep, somewhat
‘regular valley from 150 to 250 feet below the level of the surrounding
country, and from 14 to 24 miles wide. The upper part of this valley
extends from Traverse Lake to Mankato in a southeasterly direction
(for 175 miles. The lower course extends from Mankato in a northeast-
erly direction to the Mississippi River, 7 miles below the falls of St.
‘Anthony. The river is subject to great fluctuations, as is shown by
(the flood-plain, which is frequently more than one hundred times the
(width of the river. The bed is of sand and mud. Huge sand-banks
‘along the shores and in the middle of the stream are common.

Ortonville, Minn., July 18, 1892.—The Minnesota River was exam-
ined a mile below Big Stone Lake, just below the mill. The river here
‘during the summer season is a mere brook, winding among the knobs
of granite that outcrop in the valley. The size of the stream at the
outlet of the lake can scarcely be estimated, since half a mile below
it receives a western tributary, the Wheatstone, and a mile below the
foot of the lake it is dammed, so that the waters of the two streams are
collected, forming a marshy mill-pond from the dam tothe lake. Below
the dam the course of the river is almost straight for half a mile, and
here it is from 3 to 5 miles wide and from 12 inches to 2 feet deep, with
ia current of possibly 14 to 2 miles per hour. The immediate banks are
low and fringed with willows, and the bed is of fine sand and gravel.
‘Th addition to the waters from the lake and the Wheatstone the stream

F. R. 93——23
>

354 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

is fed by a few cold springs which bubble from the sand below the mill-
dam. Small fish were numerous below the dam, every haul of the seine
landing great numbers of Ictiobus carpio, Pimephales notatus, and young
black bass.

Montevideo, Minn., July 19.—The Minnesota River at this place, after
flowing 45 or 50 miles and receiving the waters from the Yellow, Lac
qui Parle, Pomme de Terre, and Chippewa rivers, is a stream about
100 feet wide and from 4 to 7 feet deep. The flood-plain at this place
is more than a mile wide and from 8 to 15 feet above low water. The
banks and hills are timbered with a growth of small trees; there is
but little vegetation growing in the water. The stream has a current
of possibly 2 miles per hour. The bed is of mud, very deep near the
shores, and the water is of a light clay color, due to the great quanti-
ties of that material held in suspension. The locality was not a good
one for making collections. Repeated efforts were made with a 45-foot
seine, but comparatively few fishes were taken.

Wheatstone River, Millbank, S. Dak., July 19.—This is a small tribu-
tary, about 25 miles in length, rising in Grant County, South Dakota,
about 25 miles southeast of Ortonville, flowing in a generally south-
easterly direction and joining the Minnesota River almost at the place
where it leaves the lake. In fact, sediment brought by this stream has
possibly contributed to form the south banks of the lake, much as the
sediment of the Little Minnesota River has formed the southern shore
of Lake Traverse. The stream was fished at Millbank, 12 miles from
its mouth. At this place it is only a meadow brook, a series of long,
narrow ponds 3 to 5 feet in depth, connected by shallow ripples only a
few inches in depth. The bed is of mud, and the water turbid and |
warm. The banks of the stream are low and devoid of all vegetable |
life except grasses, there being neither trees nor shrubs to shelter the
water. The water contained considerable pond vegetation, and in
places was covered with ditch-weed. Several species of fish, such as
Catostomus teres, Ameiurus nebulosus, Pimephales notatus, and a great |
many pickerel, ascend the stream as far as Millbank to spawn. |

Pomme de Terre River, Appleton, Minn., July 20.—This stream is in
striking contrast to the other rivers in this vicinity. Instead of bare
banks, mud bottoms, and clouded waters, here the banks were well
shaded with elm, willow, and box-elder, which grew to the very margin
of the stream and overhung the water, shading and in some places
almost concealing the stream. The water was clear and cool, 59°, and
flowed over a bed of sand and coarse gravel. The mouth of the Pomme
de Terre River is 20 miles from Big Stone Lake, and 30 feet lower in
altitude. It drains an area of more than 900 square miles, and dis-
charged at the time visited about 80 cubic feet of water per second.
It rises in a lake bearing the same name as the river, in Grant County,
Minn., 60 miles from Appleton, which is 8 miles from the mouth. The
stream is very crooked, but in a general direction flows south. At

ek

INVESTIGATIONS IN MINNESOTA AND NORTH DAKOTA. 355

Appleton the bed of the stream is 30 feet wide, with a flood-plain
three-quarters of a mile wide. The stream receives the waters of
several small lakes and tributaries, making an average depth of from
1 to 3 feet. The numerous ripples are shallow, broad, and rapid. In
many places the bottom is thickly covered with a rank growth of water
vegetation. This grass and weeds fasten to and about the sides of the
rocks, reaching a length of from 2 to 3 feet, and forming a thick green
mass which entirely hides the bed of the stream, thus affording a
splendid place of concealment for small fish, two or three species of
which appear to be particularly fond of this retreat.

The bed of the stream is smooth, with nothing to offer obstruction to
the seine except a few granite bowlders. Collections were made just
below the mill on the north side of the town, where the stream literally
swarmed with fish. At this place a high dam is built across the river,
which, however, is provided with a fish-ladder, the practical working of
which is good. It consists of strong board boxes, 25 by 4 feet and 14
inches deep, arranged in series, so that fish can easily pass from one to
the other. When the water was drawn from the topmost box it was
found to contain nearly 200 fish of various sizes, and others before the
water was withdrawn could be seen passing from one box to another,
and from the last box into the pond above. Crowded about the foot of
the ladder were swarms of fish, principally Catostomus, Pimephales, and
Hybopsis. A recent law of Minnesota requires the owners of dams to
build and maintain fish-ladders of this pattern; and it is hoped that
the law will be rigidly enforced. i

Chippewa River, Montevideo, Minn., July 19.—The Chippewa River
is another northern tributary of the Minnesota, and, like that river,
shows signs of having served as a waterway when the supply of water
was much greater than at present, the valley being totally out of pro-
portion to the size of the present stream. The area drained by this river
is much greater than that drained by the Pomme de Terre, being 1,800
or 1,900 square miles. Montevideo is near the mouth of the stream and
the country around is much broken and eroded, the higher lands stand-
ing as points or knobs from around which the soil has been removed by
erosion. The stream at Montevideo has a broad valley well overgrown
with maples, elms, box-elder, and birch, some of which reach a consid-
erable size and might almost be designated as forest trees. The stream
flows in a southwesterly direction between the banks of drift, which
are 40 feet apart. The depth of the water is about 6 feet. The bed
and the banks are of mud for the most part. Three-quarters of a mile
below Montevideo a ford was found at a deep, swift ripple, where the
bed was of sand and gravel. Patches of waterweed along the edges
and in the swifter water were the prevailing vegetation. A few crawfish
were taken, and a large bed of clams was discovered, from which were
taken four species.

356 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

ANNOTATED LIST OF THE FISHES OF THE MINNESOTA RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES.

1. Lepisosteus osseus (Linneus). Gar Pike; Long-nosed Pike; Needle-billed Pike.
Minnesota River at Ortonville, 1 specimen. Reported common by the logal
fishermen, but only a very young individual, about 4 inches long, was taken.

2. Ameiurus nebulosus (Le Sueur). Common Bullhead; Horned Pout. Minnesota
River at Ortonville, 1 specimen; Pomme de Terre at Appleton, 7; Chippewa
River at Montevideo, 5. No large specimens taken; average 4 or 5 inches.

3. Noturus gyrinus (Mitchill). Pomme de Terre at Appleton, 2 specimens; Chip-
pewa River at Montevideo, 2. This species is rare and apparently not
widely distributed in this valley.

4. Catostomus teres (Mitchill). Small-scaled Sucker. Minnesota River at Orton-
ville, common; Pomme de Terre at Appleton, abundant; Chippewa River at
Montevideo, 1 specimen. An abundant and widely distributed species in
this region, entering small streams, and apparently preferring quiet or even
stagnant water.

5. Ictiobus carpio (Rafinesque). Minnesota River at Ortonville, very abundant
above the dam; all specimens small; none exceeding 4 inches; too young
for certain identification.

6. Carpiodes velifer (Rafinesque). Quillback. Pomme de Terre River at Appleton,
very abundant, but specimens young.

7. Moxostoma macrolepidotum duquesnei(LeSueur). Redhorse ; White Sucker.
Minnesota River at Montevideo, rare. This species apparently prefers the
larger streams and lakes.

8. Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque). Stone-lugger; Stone-roller. Wheatstone
Creek at Millbank, 4 specimens; Pomme de Terre River at Appleton, 6.
Rare in this region; taken only from the swift waters of the ripples.

9. Pimephailes notatus (Rafinesque). Minnesota River at Ortonville, abundant;
Pomme de Terre River at Appleton, 6 specimens; Chippewa River at Mon-
tevideo, abundant. This species was found collected below the dams of the
streams and was particularly numerous below the dam in Pomme de
Terre River. The largest specimens averaged 3 inches in length.

10. Pimephales promelas Rafinesque. Chippewa River at Montevideo, 15 speci-
mens; Minnesota River at Ortonvilie, 12. Chin and snout much tubercled;
the tubercles on the snout arranged in three rows, three in the first, five in
the second, and seven in the third.

11. Notropis deliciosus (Girard). Minnesota River at Ortonville, 150 specimens;
Wheatstone Creek at Millbank, common; Chippewa River at Montevideo,
abundant; Pomme de Terre River at Appleton, abundant; Minnesota River
at Montevideo, 5. There is a considerable difference in the size and color of
specimens taken from the Minnesota River at Ortonville and those from the
Chippewa River. The average measurements of the former are: Length, 56
mm.; head, 13 mm.; depth, 14 mm.; lateral line, 37; scales before dorsal, 13.
Those of the Chippewa River measure as follows: Length, 47 mm.; head,
11} mm.; depth, 11 mm.; lateral line, 36; scales before dorsal, 14.

12. Notropis whipplii (Girard). Chippewa River at Montevideo,2 specimens. A
very rare species in these waters. Specimens in good color, and differing
only very slightly from those taken in Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee,
where it is abundant. Average length, 2} inches.

13. Notropis dilectus (Girard). Pomme de Terre River at Appleton, abundant;
Chippewa, at Montevideo, 24 specimens; Minnesota River at Montevideo, 1.
This species was far more abundant in Pomme de Terre River, where the
largest specimens in the best color were taken. The back is olive green, the

14.

19.

20.
21.

22.

23.

p24.

25.

Did
as

Pde ee

INVESTIGATIONS IN MINNESOTA AND NORTH DAKOTA. 357

sides, belly, and jaws dashed with carmine red, through which a silvery
pigment shows. This is one of the most abundant species found in the
boxes of the fish-ladder, and collected about the opening or foot of it. The
one specimen taken at Ortonville differs somewhat from the other specimens.
The head was more sharply pointed; back not elevated; belly decurved;
lateral line parallel with belly; vertebral stripe narrow but distinct; lat-
eral stripe wide and of a deep metallic blue; sides below lateral line washed
with red. Scales in lateral lines, 40; scales before dorsal, 14.

Notropis megalops(Rafinesque). Common Shiner; Silversides. Minnesota River
at Ortonville, common; Minnesota River at Montevideo, abundant; Wheat-
stone Creek at Millbank, abundant; Pomme de Terre River at Appleton,
common; Chippewa River at Montevideo, common. ‘This species is widely
distributed and was very abundant at every station visited.

. Notropis heterodon (Cope). Pomme de Terre River at Appleton, common;

Wheatstone Creek at Millbank, 19 specimens.

. Notropis scopifer Eigenmann & Eigenmann. Pomme de Terre River at

Appleton, 1 specimen.

. Rhinichthys cataractz dulcis (Girard). Dace. Pomme de Terre River at

Appleton, 2 specimens. Length, 24 inches. Color, very dark.

Hybopsis kentuckiensis (Rafinesque). Taken at every station in the Minne-
sota Valley, but the individuals were neither large in size nor abundant in
numbers. There are some external differences in the specimens from

various stations. Those from the Minnesota River at Ortonville were all -

young and light in color; those from the more stagnant waters of Wheat-
stone Creek are larger and quite dark; while the sides and bellies of many
of the specimens from the Pomme de Terre are marked with large, dark spots.

Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill). Horned Dace; Creek Chub. Minnesota
River at Ortonville, 4 specimens; Wheatstone Creek at Millbank, 4; Pomme
de Terre at Appleton, abundant; Chippewa River at Montevideo, 12 speci-
mens. This species, while far from being as abundant here as in the Middle
and Southern States, was more plentiful than the last-named species.

Notemigonus chrysoleucus (Mitchill). Golden Shiner. Minnesota River at
Ortonville, 1 specimen; Wheatstone Creek at Millbank,5. A rare species,
but the specimens are large and in fine color.

Percopsis guttatus (Agassiz). Trout Perch. Minnesota River at Montevideo,
3 specimens. Specimens from this locality are not so hardy as those taken
from the lake.

Fundulus diaphanus (Le Sueur). Mud Minnow; Top Minnow. Minnesota
River at Ortonville, 2 specimens; Wheatstone Creek at Millbank,5; Pomme
de Terre River at Appleton, common; Chippewa River at Montevideo, 7;
Minnesota River at Montevideo, common. This species prefers the more
quiet waters, and was not taken from ripples or swift currents.

Lucius lucius (Linneus). Pike; Northern Pickerel. Minnesota River at Orton-
ville, 10 specimens; Wheatstone Creek at Millbank, common; Pomme de Terre
at Appleton, 6; Chippewa Riverat Montevideo, 15; Minnesota River at Mon-
tevideo,4. While this species prefers the lakes, it is by no means confined to
these waters, but is common in streams and very abundant in the Chippewa
River and Wheatstone Creek. It ascends the latter stream from Big Stone
Lake, since the water connection during high water is almost direct.

Eucalia inconstans (Kirtland). Brook Stickleback. Minnesota River at Orton-
ville, specimens very small and poorly colored.

Ambloplites rupestris (Rafinesque). Rock bass; Goggle-eye; Red-eye. Minne-
sota River at Ortonville, 3 specimens; Pomme de Terre River at Appleton,
10; Chippewa River at Montevideo, 7; Minnesota River at Montevideo, 2.
An excellent food-fish, thriving well in the lakes, but not taken in quantities
from the streams.

358 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

26. Lepomis pallidus (Mitchill). Blue Sunfish. Minnesota River at Ortonville, |

3 specimens. Rare in the rivers of this region; specimens all small.

27. Lepomis megalotis (Rafinesque). Blue-gill. Wheatstone Creek at Millbank,
rare; Pomme de Terre River at Appleton, 3 specimens.

28. Micropterus salmoides (Lacépéde). Large-mouth Black Bass. Minnesota River
at Ortonville, common; Chippewa River at Montevideo, 6specimens; reported
by local fishermen very abundant in the Chippewa River and equally so
above the dam at Montevideo.

29. Micropterus dolomieu Lacépéde. Small-mouth Black Bass. Chippewa River |

at Montevideo, rare; very few specimens were taken.
30. Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque. Johnny Darter. Minnesota River at Orton-

ville, 25 specimens; Wheatstone Creek at Millbank, 1; Pomme de Terre River |

at Appleton, 1; Chippewa River at Montevideo, 38; Minnesota River at
Montevideo, 4. This is by far the most abundant darter in the streams
of this region, which seem to be particularly adapted to its growth.

21. Etheostoma aspro (Cope & Jordan). Black-sided Darter. Minnesota River at —

Ortonville, 1 specimen; Chippewa River at Montevideo, 45. Not widely
distributed in this region, nor large except at the last-named station.

32. Etheostoma iowe (Jordan & Meek). Pomme de Terre River at Appleton, 12
specimens; Wheatstone Creek at Millbank, 3.

33. Perca flavescens (Mitchill). Yellow Perch; Ring Perch. Minnesota River at —

Ortonville, common; Wheatstone Creek at Millbank, abundant; Pomme de
Terre River at Appleton, 4 specimens.

34. Stizostedion vitreum (Mitchill). Wall-eyed Pike; Pike Perch. Minnesota River
at Ortonville, 3 specimens; Minnesota River at Montevideo, 2.

THE DAKOTA OR JAMES RIVER.

The James River is essentially a prairie stream rising in the south-
western part of Nelson County, North Dakota, near Devi] Lake, and
flowing in a general southerly direction for nearly 400 miles before
joining the Missouri River. It makes its way between a low ridge or
elevation on the west side and the Plateau du Coteau des Prairies on
the east. The former separates it from the Missouri, and the latter
from the Minnesota. It is one of the chief tributaries of the Missouri
in North Dakota, but its drainage area is much restricted by the eleva-
tions on either side, and hence the amount of water it discharges is
re-atively small. The stream was examined at two points, La Moure
and Jamestown.

La Moure, N. Dak., July 27.—La Moure is on the Fargo and South-
western branch of the Northern Pacific Railroad, 100 miles southwest
of Fargo and over 250 miles from the mouth of the river. Here the
valley is not more than 10 or 15 miles wide, the hills rising gently
on either side to a height of about 150 feet. The immediate valley or
flood-plain of the river is about 2 miles wide, level, and very fertile.
The width of the stream will not exceed 15 yards, and its depth will
average 3 or 4 feet. The current is slow, not more than half or three-
quarters of a mile per hour. The stream is very crooked and has low,
steep banks. The bed of the stream is of fine mud, several inches deep,
which is overgrown with a thick mat of pond vegetation, consisting of
bladderwort, water milfoil, chara, etc., which in places grow entirely

INVESTIGATIONS IN MINNESOTA AND NORTH DAKOTA. 359

"across the channel, almost to the surface of the water. The stream
was fished at Powers Ford, 3 miles north of the town, where the mud in
the bed of the stream gave place to a bed of gravel and the banks were

_of sufficient slope to permit the landing of the seine. Temperature of

_ the water, 81°.

Jamestown, N. Dak., August 28.—The James River was fished the sec-
ond time at Jamestown, about 55 miles northeast of La Moure. The
character of the country is similar to that around La Moure. The hills,
however, are farther from the river. The soil contains a great many
more bowlders, but these are mostly small. It is also filled with banks

of coarse, water-worn gravel, containing clay and iron nodules. The

river at this point is about 18 to 20 feet wide and from 2 to 3 feet deep.
The stream is obstructed here by a high dam built for power purposes.
The collecting was done below the dam, where the stream is composed
of a series of ripples, and the water runs rapidly over a clean gravelly
bed. The banks of the stream are composed of drift, covered with
vegetation that grows to the water’s edge. The banks are also lined
with a natural growth of small timber, such as box-elder, maple, elm,
and three varieties of willow. There is a scant water vegetation where
the stream was examined, which covers the large stones of the bottom.
A few crawfish were found, and also a few water-snails. The stream
swarmed with small fishes; Rhinichthys was taken by hundreds; Pime-
phales, Notropis, and Etheostoma were also well represented. The stream
at this place is well adapted, to darters and dace, being quite clear
and cool. The temperature of the water, 60°, would indicate consider-
able spring water, though no springs were observed.

Pipestem Creek, Jamestown, N. Dak., July 27.—This is a small western
tributary of the James River, flowing nearly parallel with, and between,
the same two ranges of hills. Itis about 50 miles in length, narrow
and deep. Itis a poor stream in which to make collections, since no
ripples were to be found. The water is clear; the temperature 62°.

ANNOTATED LIST OF FISHES FROM THE JAMES RIVER.

1. Ameiurus nebulosus (Le Sueur). Catfish. Taken at La Moureand Jamestown.
Specimens all small at Jamestown; several 12 inches long from La Moure.

2. Ameiurus natalis (Le Sueur). Yellow Cat. Five specimens taken at La Moure.

3. Ameiurus melas (Rafinesque). Taken fromthe James River and Pipestem Creek ;
reported common by local fishermen.

4. Catostomus teres Mitchill. JVhite Sucker; Small-scale Sucker. Taken at both
stations; very abundant at La Moure.

5. Moxostoma macrolepidotum duquesnei (Le Sueur). Redhorse; While Sucker.
Taken at Jamestown, but rare.

6. Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque). Stone-lugger; Doughbelly. Vaken at
Jamestown in abundance. This is the first station where this species was
taken in large numbers.

7. Pimephales notatus (Rafinesque). La Moure and Jamestown. Many small
specimens were taken at the first station, less common at the second.

8. Pimephales promelas (Rafinesque). Common at La Moure,

360 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

9. Hybognathus nuchalis (Agassiz). Jamestown, very rare. Seldom met with in
this region. Specimens of medium size and in good color.

10. Notropis megalops (Rafinesque). La Moure and Jamestown; abundant.

11. Notropis deliciosus (Girard). La Moure; Jamestown. Rare at the former,
quite common at the latter place. Many specimens infested with a flat white
worm, which inhabits the abdominal cavity. These parasites were from
30 to 50 mm. long and about 2 mm. wide.

12. Notropis cayuga Meek. James River at Jamestown, 16 specimens, very large.

13. Hybopsis kentuckiensis (Rafinesque). River Chub. Common in James River
and Pipestem Creek.

14. Semotilus atromaculatus (Rafinesque). Creek Chub. James River and Pipe-
stem Creek. Not common nor large in size.

15. Rhinichthys atronasus (Mitchill). Black-nosed Dace. Common at La Moure
and Jamestown; prefers cool and swift water.

16. Lucius lucius (Linnzus). Pickerel; Pike. Jamestown, abundant in the mill-
pond; very fine specimens taken with hook and line.

17. Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque. Johnny Darter. Jamestown; more than a
hundred specimens taken from one ripple. Color very dark; V-shaped
markings on the side very distinct.

18. Etheostoma aspro (Cope & Jordan). Slack-sided Darter. A single specimen
taken at Jamestown.

19. Etheostoma iowe Jordan & Meek. Jamestown, 50specimens; more abundant
than EH. nigrum.

Eleven examples give the following measurements:

Length. | Head. Depth. | Lat. line. Dorsal. Anal,
mm. mm. mm.
| 50 14 9 55 IX-10 II-8
| 52 14 10 | 53 X-11 IL-7
50 14 9 53 xX- 9 IL-7
50 14 TYAS EE IX-10 IL-8
47 13 oy | tend IX-11 I1-7
53 14 11 50 X-10 Il-7
51 14 10 55 | IX-11 II-7
46 13 11 boost | ene II-8
46 13 9 53 IX-10 II-7
46 13 9 55 } IxX-1 IL-7
47 13 9 55 le bei) IL-7

Scales with pores in lateral line from 25 to 28, very variable.
20. Perca flavescens (Mitchill). Yellow Perch; Ring Perch. Five smallspecimens
taken at Jamestown; reported common in deep water.

THE RED RIVER OF THE NORTH.

The Red River of the North, in the United States, consists of the
upper and middle course of the southern inlet of Lake Winnipeg. It
flows in a direction contrary to that of the streams on either side of it,
and apparently makes its way against rising ground. The Red River
lies wholly within drift territory, but, unlike most other rivers, flows
against or opposite to the course of the glacier. This is not the case
with many of its tributaries, however, that seem naturally to take a
southern course until in the immediate valley or flood-plain of the Red
River, when they turn sharply and flow toward the larger stream. The
broad valley of the Red River of the North is very level, and widens

INVESTIGATIONS IN MINNESOTA AND NORTH DAKOTA. 361

‘gradually to the northward. The soil is a deposit of fine sand and

Jay, the surface of which is generally free from bowlders. The narrow
valley that the river now occupies has been cut down by erosion from
50 to 75 feet below the surrounding country. Concerning the forma-
tion of the valley or flood-plain, there is abundant evidence everywhere
to show that it has been the bed of a great inland lake.
} Moorhead, Minn., July 25.—Fished in the Red River of the North,
north of that city. The river here is 75 feet wide and very crooked and
‘ uddy. ’ It looks like a great drainage ditch, filled with foul, muddy
water. The color of the water is very light, owing to the great quan-
tities of very fine light clay held in suspension. The bed of the river
is of clay, very uneven, and worn in parallel grooves. The banks are
of mud, which, along the water’s edge, is soft and deep. The imme-
diate banks of the river are about 10 feet above the water and are
covered with a natural growth of ash, elm, oak, box-elder, and maple.
‘There appears to be little or no vegetable life in the stream, not even
growing in the water’s edge. The great amount of sediment of fine
‘clay in the water appears to be detrimental to both animal and vege-
table life, and especially to the latter. No water insects or larvie were
found. A few crawfish were taken, and one empty clam shell was
observed. The river was seined with a 45-foot seine, which brought to
the shore sufficient numbers of a few specimens of fishes to indicate
that they were reasonably abundant. Moon-eyes, or skipjacks, were
in greatest abundance; goggle-eyes and suckers were common; two
‘species of catfish were reported numerous by local fishermen; one large
ling (Lota lota macuiosa) was taken; minnows and darters were rare;
Hybopsis storerianus was common and very large.
_ Grand Forks, N. Dak., August 9.—The Red River was pretty thoroughly
Sseined at a point 2 miles above the town. The water was not sc deep
‘as where it was examined at Moorhead, Minn. The general character
of the river remains about the same. The shore lines and flood plains
are of the same fine, adhesive mud, and the bottom is of the same tough
bowlder clay. The water here has not only cut a ditch through the loose
fine material of the lake sediment, but it has worn several feet into the
tout clay at the bottom. There is no vegetation in the muddy water,
but the flood-plain and the banks seem well adapted to the growth of
trees, which cover many miles with a growth of elder, basswood, iron-
wood, and oak. At the city of Grand Forks, 2 miles below the point
where the river was examined, the Red River of the North is joined by
the Red Lake River from the northeast. The country between these
rivers, for several miles from their union, is of river deposit, and has
= covered by a dense growth of large deciduous trees. The water
of the river is usually very muddy. The depth of the water is pretty
even throughout the summer, but in the spring the water frequently
tises 30 feet or more on account of ice gorges.

There are several local fishermen here, who fish principally with trot

.

362 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

lines, Catfish, suckers, moon-eyes, and wall-eyed pike are the most |

common varieties. The catfish grow to a large size. Both genera,
Ameiurus and Ictalurus, arecommon. One small Htheostoma was taken.
Two large turtles (too large to be preserved and hence unidentified) were
captured with the seine.

Otter Tail River, Breckenridge, Minn., July 23.—This is one of the
largest eastern tributaries of the Red River of the North. It rises in
a county of the same name, about 50 miles east of Breckenridge. At
Breckenridge it joins the Boise de Soux to form the Red River. The
Boise de Soux is a continuation in the valley of the Red River, but the
Otter Tail is by far the larger stream. The Otter Tail River is a stream

75 to 90 feet wide and 4 to 6 feet deep, though in many places it is much |
deeper. The current is swift (4 miles per hour), and there is always a |

good supply of water, since the river is the outlet of several lakes, the
largest of which, Otter Tail Lake, has an area of 20 or 30 square miles.
The water is turbid and never clear, even during low water, since the
sediment carried is a very fine light-colored clay.

The stream rises in a very level or basin-like drift area, flows through
drift soil its entire length, nowhere reaching hard bedrock. The course
of the stream is exceedingly tortuous. The bed is of smocth, hard
clay in the swifter portions, with sand and gravel in other places.
The deeper portions of the stream and the shores and eddies are of
mud, covered with sand and gravel a few inches deep. The bed and

the channel change slightly with every high rise of water. The banks —

will average 20 feet in height and are steep and but little eroded. The
country is level, and the stream has simply eroded the drift to that

depth. The drift deposit here is comparatively free from bowlders. ©

Water vegetation is very scant, although mints and cress grow in
shallow water along the shores. The banks are lined with small trees
and shrubs; willows and box-elders grow to the water’s edge.

The stream was fished northeast of the town of Breckenridge, about
a mile above the Great Northern Railroad bridge. The chief difficul-
ties in collecting are the swift current and steep banks. The 15 and
45 foot seines were used, but fish life was not found to be abundant.
Among the food-fishes taken and those reported most common were
suckers (Moxostoma macrolepidotum duquesnet), rock bass (Ambloplites
rupestris), and two varieties of catfish (Ameiurus nebulosus and Ictalurus
punctatus). One specimen of the former weighing about 5 pounds was
taken. Temperature of water, 79°.

Cheyenne River, Lisbon, N. Dak., July 26.—The Cheyenne is the
largest western tributary of the Red River, and rises about 45 miles
southwest of Devil Lake in Wells County, near the source of the James
or Dakota River. The two streams flow parallel with each other, about
40 or 50 miles apart, one on either side of a low divide. For 180 miles
the Cheyenne flows in a southeasterly direction. At Scovill, 10 miles
below Lisbon, the course suddenly changes to northeasterly and con-

4 INVESTIGATIONS IN MINNESOTA AND NORTH DAKOTA. 363

tinues in that direction for about 50 miles, until it joins the Red River
of the North. The country around Lisbon is drift, somewhat eroded
and broken. The stream here is about 35 feet deep; its bed is sand
and gravel. In the ponds or quiet water the bed is of fine sand, but
at the ripples it is of stones and coarse gravel. The stream is very
beautiful, and is almost one succession of ripples of clear water. There
was but little vegetation in the water. A few pond weeds were observed
in the more quiet waters, and the larger stones in the ripples were cov-
ered with a short crisp moss. Fishes of several species were numerous,
and hundreds were taken at a single haul of the 15-foot seine; min-
nows and darters were numerous. The stream was well stocked with
such food-fishes as pickerel, suckers, catfish, and rock bass. The writer
was assured that at the mill-pond 5 miles below Lisbon hundreds of
pounds of fish could be taken with a hook, and that the fish frequently
stopped the mill by getting into the wheel. This statement was made
at other places. The stream is well shaded with trees that grow to the
very edge of the water, overhanging and effectually protecting it from
the sun in many places.

Valley City, N. Dak., July 28.—Although this point is 40 miles nearer
the source than Lisbon, the stream is apparently much ‘larger, being
deeper and broader. The river flows through a very beautiful valley,
a mile wide, that is densely covered in many places with a growth of
small timber. The hills on either side of this valley rise to a height
of 100 to 150 feet, and in places are quite abrupt. This water is excep-
tionally clear for a prairie stream, flowing for much of the distance
over clean sand and gravel. It is from 60 to 70 feet wide, and will
average at least 4 feet in depth. The banks are steep, and from 10 to
15 feet high from the water to the flood-plain. No shallows or ripples
were found, but a ford or crossing is located 7 miles below Valley City.
The river was seined just below the milldam, where fish were found in
greater abundance than where it was examined at Lisbon. The 30-foot
seine was used, and possibly a thousand specimens were taken at every
draw. Among the more abundant species were Pimephales notatus,
Notropis megalops, Catostomus teres, Moxostoma macrolepidotum duquesnei,
Percopsis guttatus, and Htheostoma aspro.

This stream is an excellent one for fish on account of its natural
physical features and the abundance of food. Crawfish were abundant.
The long grass and other vegetation that grew in tufts and patches
were filled with crustaceans and insect larve. No contamination of
the waters was observed or reported. Two high dams unprovided with
fishways were the only bad features of the stream observed.

Maple River, Mapleton, N. Dak., July 29.—This is only a small creek,
tributary to the Cheyenne River and lying wholly within or about the
western edge of the Red River Valley. The stream flows throughout
most of its course parallel with Cheyenne River. The upper course
fiows south, then, making a sharp turn to the northeast, flows toward

ai

$

364 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. )

the Red River until within a few miles of that stream, where it joins

the Cheyenne. The stream has cut for itself only a narrow, shallow

valley, and winds leisurely along through the level country with almost —
an imperceptible current. At the place examined the stream is about
20 feet wide and 24 or 3 feet deep. The bed is of mud, with but little.
sand or gravel, covered in many places with a thick growth of weeds,
grasses, and rushes. Two species of ditch-weed are common. The.
banks are almost devoid of vegetation; an occasional willow or box- |
elder is all that can be found. The stream was thoroughly seined at
the railroad bridge, but fish life was not abundant. Crawfish, leeches, |
small crustaceans, water-snails, and clams were all well represented.

A very large species of Planorbis was particularly abundant. The.
water was warm, 78°.

Buffalo River, Hawley, Minn., August 1.—This is a small stream about |
50 miles long, rising in the White Earth Indian Reservation, Minn. It
flows southwesterly for about half its length, and then turning toward |
the northwest joins the Red River of the North at Georgetown. Haw- |
ley is about 25 miles from the mouth of the stream. At this point the
stream is 20 feet wide and 2 feet in average depth. The water is clear
and the current rapid. The bed is of sand and small gravel, and almost.
devoid of vegetation. The low banks are lined with small timber and >
underbrush. The stream is well stocked with fish, but is obstructed |
by several dams which prevent the running of the fish. The stream >
contained rock bass, pickerel, catfish, minnows, and darters. A great ,
many clams were seen, and in several places the bed of the stream was
almost covered with these animals. Crawfish wererare. Temperature |
of the water, 70.5°.

Goose River, Hillsboro, N. Dak., August 4.—Temperature of the water,
70°; of the air, 73°. This is one of the small western tributaries of the
Red River of the North, rising in the elevation between Devil Lake
and the Red River. The course is southeast to its junction with the |
Red, 12 miles from where it was examined. This stream has eroded
avery deep, wide valley and the water flows. at the rate of 4 miles per |
hour. The stream averages 20 feet in width, but has a flood-plain ,
nearly half a mile wide. The depth varies from 2 to 5 feet, and the
water is cloudy. Algz, water weeds, and grass grow in the stream at
the ripples. The banks and flood-plain are covered with trees which
form a forest of maple, box-elder, and willow. These trees have fallen
into the river until the channel is pretty well filled with brush and logs,
The stream has evidently cut through the lake deposit and drift, since
the banks and bed, in places, are formed of a tough blue clay and at
intervals fragments of slate have accumulated. |

The stream was a difficult one in which to make collections, but |
Catostomus teres, Lucius lucius, Moxostoma macrolepidotum duquesnii,
and a few other varieties were common. Many of the fishes, especially
of the genus Notropis, were profusely covered with immature parasitic

INVESTIGATIONS IN MINNESOTA AND NORTH DAKOTA. 365

\trematodea appearing as black dots about the size of a pinhead. Others
‘were affected by what seemed to be a small white worm encysted just
‘under the skin.

| Mouse River, Minot, N. Dak., August 6.—This station is located just
‘where the ground begins to rise into the foothills of the mountains.
‘The stream flows through a valley one-half to three-fourths of a mile
‘wide, lined on either side by eroded and rounded hills from 50 to 75 feet
‘high. The stream will average 10 yards in width and from 2 to 24 feet
in depth. The bed is of drift stones, coarse gravel, and mud, the
latter always supporting a growth of vegetation, of mints, grasses,
orrushes. The stream is a good one for fish; while the water is not
clear, it has only enough sediment to cause it to look cloudy in the
‘deeper places. There are numerous ripples in the stream over which
the water runs at the rate of 34 to 4 miles per hour. Several species
of fishes are common. Black suckers are reported as being especially
abundant during the spring and fall rises. Crawfish were taken by
hundreds at almost every haul of the seine; a few clam shells were also
Observed. Univalves and the small crustaceans were rare, as were
also alge and other vegetation living entirely in the water.

English Cooley, Grand Forks, N. Dak., August 10.—The English Cooley
is a small drain 2 miles west of Grand Forks. During a greater part
of the year it has no current whatever. The banks are low and the
water is filled with vegetation. It contained a few species of fishes,
crawfish, and water insects. The predominating fishes are Catostomus
teres and Pimephales notatus, both covered with parasites. The mud
in the bottom of the stream was deep and the water at the bottom very
clear.

Red Lake River, Grand Forks, N. Dak., August 12.—This is the largest
eastern tributary of the Red River of the North, and is different in
many respects from the other tributaries of that stream. It drains
Red Lake, a double lake 600 square miles in area, lying in the northern
partof Red Lake Indian Reservation. The general course of the river
is west, although it makes two great curves. Unlike most other streams
of this region, this river starts toward the northwest and continues
thus until more than half the distance from the lake to the Red River
of the North is covered, then it turns suddenly toward the soith and
southwest and then again takes a northwesterly direction, which it
pursues until it joins the Red River of the North. Another stream,
Clearwater River, rising south of Red Lake, follows the same general
direction as Red Lake River. Red Lake River is nearly as wide as the
Red River of the North, but much more shallow. It is very rapid and
the waters are of a reddish tinge. This difference in the color in the
waters of these two rivers is very marked, especially when the Red
Lake River mixes its waters with the whiter waters of the Red River
of the North.

_ The bed of the river is of clean sand, a feature with which we do

ri
; .

3866 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

not meet in any other river of this region, and since the lower course
of the stream is through drift, this sand must come from the middle or
upper course. Great quantities of sand are brought down and passed
into the Red River of the North, from which stream it is dredged up
and used for building purposes. The water of Red Lake River is much
clearer and cooler than that of the Red River of the North. The water
supply of the cities of Grand Forks, N. Dak., and Crookston, Minn.,
come from this stream, and water taken from the hydrants of these
cities is clear and apparently of good quality.

The river was seined 2 miles from its mouth. At this point it aver-
ages only about 4 feet in depth, but with a current of 44 to 5 miles per
hour. The bed of the stream here is of hard bowlder clay, and is kept |
swept clean by the force of the current. The water was so swift that the
seine was handled with difficulty. The bed of the stream was almost
clear of bowlders, but offered a number of other obstructions in the’
way of snags, logs, and brush. |

The fishes most common were gold-eyes (Hiodon tergisus), channel cat |
(Ictalurus punctatus), suckers (Moxostoma macrolepidotum duquesnit),
and pickerel (Lucius lucius). A few clam shells were observed and a
few crawfish taken, but animal life was by no means abundant, and no
plants were observed growing in the water. The low banks of the river
were covered with elm, basswood, cottonwood, and box-elder.

Crookston, Minn., August 20.—Crookston is about 18 miles from the
mouth of Red Lake River, and is located at a place where the ground
commences to rise toward the east. The river is dammed at this place,
and hence this is an excellent point for making collections. It was.
fished below the dam, where it is possibly 75 or 85 feet wide, with a
depth of from 4 to 10 feet. The current is very rapid, but the bed is
smooth and the shore on the north side low and hence convenient for
landing the seine. In the deepest places the bed is of smooth, hard
clay or rock. This is the best point found for collecting. Suckers and
gold-eyes were taken in large numbers, while pickerel and pike perch
were also common. Catfish and ling were abundant, but only small
specimens of the latter were taken.

Tongue River, Bathgate, N. Dak., August 15.—This is a small south-
ern tributary of the Pembina River, rising in a low drift elevation
that borders a section of the Red River of the North on the west. It
is about 50 miles long; at the place examined, 10 miles from its mouth,
it was 25 feet wide and 2 or 3 feet deep. The water was very sluggish
and full of lower-life forms of both animals and plants. The bed of the
stream is of mud (with a few inches of fine white sand in places) and
gives rise to a great quantity of pond vegetation. Chara, pondweeds,
etc., grew so abundantly that it was difficult wading and almost impos-
sible to drag the bottom of the stream with a seine. Pickerel and
suckers were about the only common species of fish.

Pembina River, Neche, N. Dak., August 16.—This is one of the large

INVESTIGATIONS IN MINNESOTA AND NORTH DAKOTA. 367

northern tributaries of the Red Riverof the North. Much of its course
lies near the forty-ninth parallel, which it crosses several times. Neche
is 15 miles from the mouth of the river, and lies in a level country,
a part of the ancient lake bed. There is little to indicate that this
country has been submerged, other than its flatness, presence of
gravel, shells, etc., but near Pembina there is proof not only that the
level country has been inundated, but that the water has stood several
feet above the level. I refer to the Pembina Mountain, an elevation
many feet in height near the mouth of the river, bearing on its sides in
unmistakable characters the writing of the waves of the ancient Lake
Agassiz.

The river at the time it was examined was somewhat swollen from
recent rains, and the water was muddy and very swift; the bed of the
‘stream was composed of clay, firmer and harder than the material which
composes the steep banks, This material was so loose that at places
large quantities of it had slid into the stream. The stream was well
‘stocked with fishes, but limited in variety; several pickerel and a num-
ber of suckers weighing from 14 to 3 pounds were taken; a few darters
and minnows were also found.

Park River, Grafton, N. Dak., August 16.—This is a foul, sluggish
river, rising in the western part of Walsh County, just beyond the
flood-plain or in the low hills bordering the old lake basin on the west,
and flowing almost east to the Red River of the North. The town of
Grafton is about 20 miles from the mouth of the stream and 40 miles
from its source. The river here is about 15 feet wide and 14 to 3 feet
deep. The banks are low, composed of fine sand and clay and other
sedimentary deposit. The bed of the stream is of the same material,
and overgrown with rank water vegetation. The low flood-plain is
covered with a growth of forest trees—ash, elm, basswood, and oak being
the most common. Wild gooseberries grow in great abundance among
the trees. The stream contains only a few varieties of fishes, and these
are poorly represented. The water is cloudy and brackish ; from this
cause the river was called by the early settlers Salt River.

Forest River, Minto, N. Dak., August 17,—Forest River is a very
beautiful little stream of quite a different character from the other
streams of this region, and though of nearly the same size and flowing
in the same direction as the one last described it differs from it in many
respects. The water is clear and sweet, the current swift. The stream
is 15 or 18 feet wide, and will possibly average 2 feet in depth, although
many places are much deeper. The river was seined jast below a low

dam at the crossing of the Great Northern Railroad. Although at
this place the bed of the stream is mostly composed of mud, the waters
of the upper course flow almost entirely over beds of clean sand and
gravel, the water at such places being devoid of vegetation. The
‘stream is fed by springs, and the water (whose temperature was 67°)
is from 4 to 6 degrees colder than any other stream of this region. The

368 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

flood-plain is from a half to three-quarters of a mile wide, and is over- !
grown with a heavy growth of large timber—ash, elm, and oak—with >

thick underbrush of hazeland wild cherry. The stream is well filled with
fishes rich in variety; hundreds of specimens were taken ait every haul
of the seine. The most plentiful are chubs, pickerel, minnows, and

suckers. Notropis hudsonius was particularly numerous and very large ©

in size; a number of fine darters were also taken.

Turtle River, Manvel, N. Dak., August 18.—This is a small grassy
stream that flows into Morse Slough, a bayou of the Red River of the
North. The banks and bed of the stream are of soft mud covered with
leaves and grasses. But few fishes were taken, and these were covered
with parasites.

Detroit Lake, Detroit City, Minn., August 21.—This is one of the most |

beautiful lakes in northwestern Minnesota. It has an area of 5 or 6
square miles and the water is deep and clear. It is surrounded by

high wooded banks of drift deposit, varying greatly in structure, which |

gives the lake an exceedingly irregular outline. It is connected by
canals (made along natural waterways) with Lakes Sally and Melissa,

these two lakes lying more than 6 feet below the surface of Detroit
Lake. All, especially Detroit Lake,.are well stocked with the game- |

fishes common to this section of the country. Bass, pickerel, wall-eyed
pike, pike perch, and ring perch are abundant, and on this account the
lake is fast becoming a favorite resort for the angler and tourist.

Minnewaukan, or Devil Lake, August 5.—This is an isolated body of
water lying just beyond the divide that separates the Red River system
from the Devil Lake region. It occupies the lowest part of a large
basin 50 miles long by 30 miles broad, and being in a district where
there is but little rainfall, and receiving no large tributaries, it is
rapidly drying up. About the lake, from 14 to 24 miles from the
present shore line, the country is an old lake bed which the vegetation
has not yet covered, and the shells, pebbles, and sands of the lake are
lying undisturbed and bare. North and east of the lake a considerable
expanse of country presents the unmistakable signs of having been
recently submerged, while on the higher rises of ground forest trees
grow. These elevations were islands, and plainly show the old water-
lines. On the south hills rise to the height of 250 to 400 feet, and are
heavily timbered.

The lake is not deep, soundings showing from 22 to 35 feet. There is
a difference in the temperature of the water between the bottom and top
of the lake of about 2 degrees, the top being 79 and the bottom 77. To
the northeast the land is low, indicating an active outlet for the lake when
the depth of water was much greater than at present. I was informed
by good authority that a few years ago the lake was well stocked with
fishes, pickerel being by far the most abundant species. It is also said
that these fish were taken with hook and line during the winter season
in great numbers, piled up, and sold literally by the cord. Nowa pick-

' INVESTIGATIONS IN MINNESOTA AND NORTH DAKOTA. 369
q

erel is seldom seen, and the question naturally arises, What has become
of the fish? If the fish had been attacked by any disease that would
materially reduce the numbers dead fish would have been seen along
the shores and in the water, but none has ever been reported. It is
well known that the water of this lake is quite brackish, and it has
been thought that the rapid evaporation of the water had so increased
the percentage of mineral matter as to make it detrimental to fish
life. The stickleback (Hucalia inconstans), however, not only lives, but
increases in a manner quite marvelous. Almost every haul of the seine
would land hundreds of these small fish, the greater number of which
were very large and almost jet-black in color. In the long grass and
shore waters larvee and small crustaceans were very rare. It may be
that this stickleback, which eats the eggs of other species, has by this
habit brought about the great depletion of fish in these waters.

ANNOTATED LIST OF FISHES OF THE RED RIVER OF THE NORTH AND ITS
TRIBUTARIES.

1. Ammoccetes branchialis (Linneus). Mud Lamprey; Brook Lamprey. Cheyenne
River at Lisbon, 3 specimens; Red Lake River at Grand Forks, 2; Red
Lake River at Crookston, 1. Although few of these parasites were taken,
a sufficient number of marks were found on fish to indicate that they were
numerous. Species of Catostomus and Moxostoma appear to suffer most from
this animal; and, contrary to popular belief, it is seldom taken in sluggish
waters, but in clear, swift streams. In the Cheyenne River a lamprey and
its host were taken, the latter bearing marking that would indicate that it
had been the victim of several of these creatures.

2..Lepisosteus osseus (Linneus). Gar Pike. Otter Tail River at Breckenridge,
1large specimen. Reported abundant in certain deep places in the river.

3. Ameiurus nebulosus (LeSueur). Bullhead; Catfish. Otter Tail River at Breck-
enridge, 3 specimens; Red River of the North at Moorhead, rare; Cheyenne
River at Lisbon, 5; Cheyenne River at Valley City, 4; Maple River at
Mapleton, abundant; Buffalo River at Hawley, common; Goose River
at Hillsboro, common; Forest River at Minto, 4. This species was reported
abundant at almost every place where inquiry was made, especially at
stations on the Red River of the North, though comparatively few specimens
were observed in the quiet waters and lagoons above the dam in Buffalo
River at Hawley. A large specimen weighing about 15 pounds was taken
from the Otter Tail River at Breckenridge.

‘4. Ameiurus melas (Rafinesque). Cheyenne River at Valley City, 4 specimens;
Maple River at Mapleton, common; Goose River at Hillsboro, 12. The last-
named station was the only locality where this species was common. From
this stream 12 adults anid a large number of young were taken.

(5. Noturus gyrinus (Mitchill). Maple River at Mapleton, 3 specimens; Cheyenne
River at Valley City, 10; Goose River at Hillsboro, 55; Red River of the
North at Grand Forks, 4. These specimens were nearly all small; those
from Goose River averaged 2* inches in length.

(6. Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque). Blue Cat; Channel Cat. Otter Tail River at
Breckenridge, 1 specimen; Red River of the North at ‘icorhead, common;
Red River of the'North at Grand Forks, 4; Red Lake River at Grand Forks,
common; Red Lake River at Crookston, 5.

‘7. Catostomus teres (Mitchill). Black Su:ker; Common Sucker; Fine-scaled Sucker.
Cheyenne River at Lisbon, abundant; Cheyenne River at Valley City,
E.R. 93 24

370 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

abundant; Maple River at Mapleton, 6; Buffalo River at Hawley, abundant;
Goose River at Hillsboro, abundant; Mouse River at Minot, plentiful; Eng-
lish Cooley at Grand Forks, common; Pembina River at Neche, rare; Park
‘River at Grafton, 7. This species was taken from almost every tributary of
the Red River of the North, but was not found in the main stream. I was
told by the miller at Hawley that great numbers of the young of this species
would come almost every day and fasten (suck) themselves onto the boards
of the dam, where they would remain for several hours.

8. Moxostoma macrolepidotum duquesnii (Le Sueur). MLedhorse; White Sucker.

Red River of the North at Moorhead, abundant; Cheyenne River at Lisbon,
common; Cheyenne River at Valley City, abundant; Buffalo River at Haw-
ley, 10 specimens; Red River of the North at Grand Forks, rare; Red Lake
River at Grand Forks, common; Park River at Grafton, rare; Red Lake River
at Crookston, abundant. This species prefers clear water. It is rare in the
Red River of the North, but common in Red Lake River; even near its
mouth, at Crookston, it is very abundant, the seine landing 8 or 10 large
specimens at a haul.

9. Notropis megalops (Rafinesque). Common Shiner. Otter Tail River at Brecken-

10.

11.

12.

13.

ridge, abundant; Red Riverof the North at Moorhead, rare; Cheyenne River
at Lisbon, plentiful; Cheyenne River at Valley City, common; Maple River
at Mapleton, abundant; Buffalo River at Hawley, abundant; Goose River at
Hillsboro, plentiful; English Cooley at Grand Forks, not abundant; Pem-
bina River at Neche, common; Forest River at Minot, common; Red Lake
River at Crookston, abundant. This species appears to adapt itself to all
conditions of temperature, water, food supply, etc., since it is one of the
most widely distributed species of the Cyprinide, and thrives equally well
in all parts of the great range over which it is distributed.

Notropis deliciosus (Girard). Otter Tail River at Breckenridge, 28 specimens;
Cheyenne River at Valley City, common; Mouse River at Minot, 15; Pem-
bina River at Neche, abundant; Forest River at Lisbon, common; Red Lake
River at Crookston, common. These specimens, when compared with others
from the Mississippi Valley, show no very marked modifications, except
possibly the bodies are somewhat stouter. Largest specimens average 2
inches long. .

Notropis dilectus (Girard). Otter Tail River at Breckenridge, 1 specimen;
Cheyenne River at Lisbon and Valley City, common; Buffalo River at Haw-
ley, rare; Red River of the North at Grand Forks, rare; Red Lake River at
Crookston, 2. Specimens from Red Lake River were in the best color, and
hence more like individuals of this species found in the Mississippi Valley.
Those from the Red River of the North were very light, almost translucent.
Specimens from the Cheyenne were in good color, the head, sides below
lateral line, dorsal, caudal, and pectoral washed with red.

Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque. Pembina River at Neche, 1specimen; Red
Lake River at Crookston, 25. Specimens from Crookston average 24 inches
in length. This species was taken in abundance by Dr. Eigenmann farther
north.

Notropis whipplii (Girard). Cheyenne River at Lisbon, common. Although

home of this species is much farther south, it varies as little in color and
markings as any other fish of this region, remaining almost true to the type.

14. Notropis cayuga Meek. Buftalo River at Hawley, rare; Maple River at

Mapleton, 8 specimens; Cheyenne River at Lisbon, 5; Cheyenne River at
Valley City, 6. Specimens in this valley average only about 14 inches long.
The colors are good, the lateral line quite black, just wide enough to cover
one row of scales, and quite distinct over opercle and around snout; no
vertebral stripe; scales in lateral line 36; these have a peculiar notched

15

DRG dat'y « f

16.

7.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

INVESTIGATIONS IN MINNESOTA AND NORTH DAKOTA. 371

appearance on account of mucous pores. Specimens from Valley City are
exceedingly large and fine in color, length 2 inches. Many of the females
contained ripe eggs.

. Notropis jejunus (Forbes). Pembina River at Neche, 40 specimens; Red River
of the North at Moorhead, 9; Red River of the North at Grand Forks, 6;
Forest River at Minto, common; Red Lake River at Crookston, 11. This is
a very handsome minnow; body and caudal peduncle deep, with a broad
straight lateral stripe of silvery pigment, edged with a dark line above.

Notropis hudsonius (Dewitt Clinton). Otter Tail River at Breckenridge, 1
specimen; Red River of the North at Moorhead, 5; Cheyenne River at Valley
City, 1; Mouse River at Minot, common; Red River of the North at Grand
Forks, common; Red Lake River at Grand Forks, rare; Park River at Graf-
ton, 1; Red Lake River at Crookston, rare.

Pimephales notatus (Rafinesque). Otter Tail River at Breckenridge, rare;
Cheyenne River at Lisbon, common; Cheyenne River at Valley City, plen-
tiful; Goose River at Hillsboro, rare; Buffalo River at Hawley, 2; Mouse
River at Minot, rare. This species was not taken in as great numbers as
P. promelas and is possibly not as generally distributed throughout this
valley, but is found in purer water and in clearer streams.

Pimephales promelas Rafinesque. Maple River at Mapleton, 5 specimens;
Buffalo River at Hawley, rare; Goose River at Hillsboro, abundant; Chey-
enne River at Valley City, common; Forest River at Minot, common. Spec-
imens from Goose River have asmall white parasite encysted just under the
skin.

Rhinichthys cataractz dulcis (Girard). Cheyenne River at Lisbon, abundant;
Cheyenne River at Valley City, 24 specimens; Maple River at Mapleton,
common; Buffalo River at Hawley, 75; Pembina River at Neche, 3; Forest
River at Minot, common; Red Lake River at Crookston, 1. This species
thrives better, apparently, farther north than in the localities here given;
specimens from Red Lake and Maple rivers were very small. Specimens
taken farther north by Dr. Eigenmann were much larger. Our finest speci-
mens were taken from Cheyenne River; at Lisbon, N. Dak., these specimens
averaged 55 mm. in length, 11 mm. in depth, and were very plump and round.
Color, very dark above, with small round dark spots on sides, from lateral
line to belly; caudal spot distinct, with part of caudal peduncle black.
Taken only in the swift ripples.

Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill). Maple River at Mapleton, rare; Buffalo
River at Hawley, 5 specimens; Pembina River at Neche, 10; Forest River at
Minot, 14. Specimens unusually small.

Hybopsis kentuckiensis (Rafinesque). River Chub. Otter Tail River at
Breckenridge, common; Cheyenne River at Lisbon, 7 specimens; Cheyenne
River at Valley City, rare; Buffalo River at Hawley, 5; Maple River at
Mapleton, rare; Forest River at Minot, 2; Red Lake River at Crookston, 14.
Not.an abundant species in these waters—more rare than the preceding.

Hybopsis storerianus (Kirtland). Otter Tail River at Breckenridge, 3 speci-
mens; Red River of the North at Moorhead, abundant; Red River of the
North at Grand Forks, common; Red Lake River at Grand Forks, 3; Red
Lake River at Crookston, 10. Found only in large streams. It reaches a
length of 4 inches and is the largest minnow found in this region.

Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill). Cheyenne River at Lisbon, rare. Rare
even in the northern part of the Mississippi Basin.

Hiodon tergisus L@ Sueur. Moon-eye. Red River of the North at Moorhead,
common; Red River of the North at Grand Forks, abundant; Red Lake River
at Crookston, common. Common throughout the basin of the Red River of
the North and Lake Winnipeg.

> ) -

372 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

25. Hiodon alosoides (Rafinesque). Moon-eye. Red River of the North at Moor-

head and Grand Forks, rare; Red Lake River at Crookston, rare. This
species is not so common as H, tergisus.

26. Percopsis guttatus Agassiz. Trout Perch. Otter Tail River at Breckenridge,

PATI

28.

29.

30.

3l.

32.

1 specimen; Red River of the North at Moorhead, common; Cheyenne River
at Lisbon, 2; Cheyenne River at Valley City, abundant; Goose River at
Hillsboro, common; Pembina River at Neche, 4; Red Lake River at Crooks-
ton, common. Eight specimens of this species from Cheyenne River, Valley
City, measure as follows:

Length. Depth. | Eye. | Lat. line.| Dorsal. | Anal.

| Head. if
|
Mim. | Min. Mm. Mm. |
BB. bias 15 5 50 10 6
75 Days eer ay Ih or 52 11 6
73 25) abaya 5 51 11 7
73 93, Ne eats 5 50 10 6
7S) awl meus 15 5 53 11 6
76 23 14 5 51 11 7
73 DDS Ihe 1 GVA 5 52 11 7
73 | OPEN Nig hile 5 52 1 6
% |

The fishes from this stream were in fine color. Light olive on back,
shading to lighter on sides, and nearly pure white on the belly; back mottled,
with mingled light and dark scales; cheeks and opercles shaded with very
small dark dots; dorsal and anal sparingly clotted with black.

Fundulus diaphanus (Le Sueur). Cheyenne River at Valley City, 2 very
small specimens. |

Lucius lucius (Linnzus). Pickerel; Pike. Otter Tail River at Breckenridge,
4 specimens; Cheyenne River at Valley City, common; Goose River at Hills-
boro, common; Mouse River at Minot, 3; Park River at Grafton, abundant.
Preeminently the food and game fish of this section of country. . Reported
abundant at nearly every station visited, though few were taken with the
seine in some localities.

Eucalia inconstans (Kirtland). Brook Stickleback. Maple River at Mapleton,
common; Mouse River at Minot, rare; Goose River at Hillsboro, 6 speci-
mens; Red River of the North at Grand Forks, 1; English Cooley at Grand
Forks, rare; Forest River at Minot, common; Red Lake River at Crookston,
2. A widely distributed species, quite-as common north as south of the
divide.

Ambloplites rupestris (Rafinesque). Rock Bass; Goggle-eye. Cheyenne River
at Valley City, rare; Maple River at Mapleton, common; Red Lake River
at Crookston, 5 specimens. Not rare nor confined to a limited area, but
apparently grows more and more scarce as we proceed north. This is the
only member of the Centrarchide found in these waters.

Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque. Johnny Darter. Otter Tail River at Brecken-
ridge, 2 specimens; Cheyenne River at Lisbon, 4; Cheyenne River at Valley
City, 70; Maple River at Mapleton, common; Buffalo River at Hawley, 25;
Goose River at Hillsboro, common; Mouse River at Minot, rare; Red Lake
River at Crookston, not abundant. More specimens of this darter were
taken than any other,and while it may not be more widely distributed than
E. aspro, the latter is not so abundant in this region.

Etheostoma aspro (Cope & Jordan). Black-sided Darter. Otter Tail River at
Breckenridge, 6 specimens; Red River of the North at Moorhead, rare;
Cheyenne River at Lisbon, abundant; Cheyenne River at Valley City,
abundant; Maple River at Mapleton, rare; Buffalo River at Hawley, 12
Goose River at Hillsboro, common; Mouse River at Minot, 4; Pembina River
at Neche, rare; Forest River at Minot, 27; Park River at Grafton, 2; Red
Lake River at Crookston, rare. At Minot we obtained 4 very large specimens

INVESTIGATIONS IN MINNESOTA AND NORTH DAKOTA. 373

from a gravelly ripple where the water was not over 2 inches deep. The
largest and finest specimens were taken from the Cheyenne River. One
specimen from Valley City measured 34 inches long. Six from Lisbon
measured as follows:

ee

Length. | Head. Depth. | Lat. line. Dorsal. Anal.
Mm Mm. Mm
66 18 11 60 XIIL-13 II, 10
64 18 12 | 60 XIII-14 1I, 10
56 «6| ~~ =«(16 10 56 XIL-4 II, 10
56 16 9 61 SUTRAS nt ee)
58 16 10 58 XIV-14 II, 10
56 16 10 59 XV-14 IT, 10

33. Etheostoma guntheri Higenmann & EKigenmann. Red River of the North at
Moorhead, 1 specimen; Red Lake River at Crookston, 6. Color, light olive,
with nine or ten very distinct dark bands around the sides.

Measurements of 5 specimens from the Red Lake River are as follows:

Length. | Head. | Depth. Dorsal. | Anal. Lat. line.
| | |
Mm. Mm. Mm. |
33 | 9 6 XI-13 | I1,12 48
34 | 9 6 X-12 «| II, 12 46
32 85 6 AS || ao rab, 49 |
30 8 6 XI-13 | II, 12 49
32 85 6 XI-13 | IT, 12 49

The large specimen from the Red River of the North differs very mate-
- rially from the smaller in color, agreeing, however, in the marking on the
anterior dorsal. The rays differ somewhat, and the scaling of the cheeks is
not the same in that the specimen from the Red River of the North has
cheeks covered with large scales. Length, 54 mm.; head, 13.5 mm.; depth,
85 mm.; D. rx-14; A. 11-10; lateral line, 52.
34. Etheostoma iowe Jordan & Meek. Cheyenne River at Valley City, 1 speci-
men; Cheyenne River at Lisbon, common; Red Lake River at Crookston, 5;

Park River at Grafton, 6.

35. Stizostedion vitreum (Mitchill). JWall-eye; Pike Perch. Otter Tail River at
Breckenridge, 1 specimen; Cheyenne River at Valley City, 6; Red River of
the North at Grand Forks, rare; Red Lake River at Grand Forks, rare; Red
Lake River at Crookston, 8. The last-named place is the only locality
visited where the local fishermen report this species plentiful enough to
furnish any considerable amount of food. From this stream itis taken with
hook and line, principally from below the dam. I see no reason why the
multitude of fine lakes throughout the State of Minnesota should not be
stocked with this fine food-fish, since it could be done at comparatively small
cost.

36. Perea flavescens (Mitchill). Yellow Perch; Ringed Perch. Forest River at
Minot, common; Red Lake River at Crookston, common; Maple Creek at
Mapleton, 5 specimens. Not frequently taken in the streams, but said to be
found in nearly all the lakes of the State.

37. Aplodinotus grunniens (Rafinesque). Fresh-water Drum; Grunter; Sheepshead.
Red Lake River at Crookston, 2 specimens. Not common; the fishermen
seem to have but little knowledge of it.

38. Lota lota maculosa (Linn:eus). Lawyer; Ling. Red River of the North at
Moorhead, 1 specimen; Red Lake River at Crookston, 3. The one specimen
from Moorhead was large, about 18 inches long, while those from Crookston
were small. Occasionally taken on a ‘trot line” from the Red River, but
not common.

>

4,—THE FOOD OF THE OYSTER, CLAM, AND RIBBED MUSSEL,

By JoHN P. Lotsy, PH. D.

During a stay on the James River, Virginia, in the summer of 1892,
I had hoped to study the food supply of both the young (embryonic)
and the adult oyster, but as the season was too far advanced to allow
the collection of any embryos only the latter part of the investigation
proved feasible.

Collections were made at many places on both sides of the James
River from Newport News to Old Point Comfort, specimens being
obtained from both natural and cultivated beds, from muddy and
sandy bottom, and from piles and stones, especially around Fort Wool
on the Ripraps. They were taken from various depths, some being
gathered on a bottom left exposed at low tide; others were obtained
which did not grow on the bottom, but which were, so to speak, sus-

_ pended in the water near the surface, attached to piles and rocks, also
exposed during low tide; still others were collected from deeper places,
never uncovered by the tide, growing either on the bottom or on per-
manently submerged stones and piles. To determine whether any
changes in the food supply were dependent upon the season of the year,

material was obtained daily from the beginning of June until the end
of September, and whenever an opportunity offered shipments brought
from farther up the river were examined to see if the greater amount

of fresh water there present had any influence on the character of
their food.

Before entering further into details it is necessary to note that the
oyster is constantly ingesting a stream of water, which, passing the
mouth, brings near and into this always opened organ all the objects of
greater or less size coming within the influence of this stream. The
mere presence, therefore, of particles of various organic matter in its
stomach, even in great quantities, does not indicate that the oyster
uses them as food, but only proves that these particles were present in
the surrounding water at the time of ingestion. This is a consider-
ation too often overlooked. If an animal of the structure of an oyster
be placed in a bucket of water in which is suspended a great number
of carmine granules, these granules will doubtless be found in the
stomach of the animal after a certain length of time, yet nobody would
claim that they were the food of the oyster. A similar thing occurs in

nature. In the many oysters which I have opened and of which I

investigated the stomach contents I never failed to find numerous
375
; >

376 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

particles of sand. The finding of some animal or plant or other object
in the stomach of the oyster does not prove that it composes any part
of its food supply, no matter how numerous the form may be in indi- ©
viduals, but it can only offer a suggestion for further investigation. In
order to demonstrate which of these various objects serve as food, it is
necessary to prove not only that they are ingested, showing a possible |
source of nutriment, but also that having passed through the digestive
tract only the indigestible parts remain. To conclude from the fact —
alone of the occurrence of any animal or vegetable in the stomach of
an oyster that it forms a part of its food is no more justifiable than to
affirm that the fishes brought up by a water-wheel are food for the
wheel.

The method followed by me in studying the stomach contents of the —
oyster was as follows: The oyster was carefully opened, guarding against
any injury from the knife except the separation of the muscle which
connects the two valves of the shell. The oysters were, as a rule,
examined immediately after being taken from the water, usually within
fifteen minutes, and very rarely after as long an interval as two hours.
After separating the gills at the oral extremity with a scalpel, so that
the opening of the mouth was exposed, the tip of a finely drawn-out glass
tube having a rubber ball at the other end was introduced into the stom-
ach. The contents of the stomach were now sucked out by removing
the hand from the hitherto compressed bulb.

The contents of the stomach of an oyster which has recently fed—in
other words, of every oyster collected when the shells are open—present
a beautiful dark-golden color. A drop of this material obtained in the
manner described above and placed under the microscope for examina-
tion shows that the stomach of the adult oyster contains a large number
of diatoms, embracing a great many species. The constant occurrence
of these forms in great quantities suggested the possibility of their serv-
ing as food. In addition to the diatoms a quantity of decaying organic
matter at least equal in amount, and also of some of the lower alge,
besides sand, ete., were often found. Rhizopods, a few euglenas, an
occasional foraminiferum, and other animals of lower grade were seen,
but only once was a copepod found; in fact, animal life was practically
absent.

An idea which early occurred to me was the importance of examining
simultaneously the stomachs of the other common bivalve mollusks of
the James River, to see if any uniformity in the nature of the food in —
this natural group could be detected. With this object the stomachs
of the hard clam or quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria), of the soft clam
(Mya arenaria), and of the ribbed mussel (Modiola plicatula) were also
examined. In all of these species the contents of the stomach were
found to be the same as in the oyster.

The first question to be settled was whether or not the oyster and
these other mollusks actually digested the diatoms found in their

Li

FOOD OF THE OYSTER, CLAM, AND RIBBED MUSSEL. 377

‘stomachs; and, second, what part of the additional decaying organic
imatter was digested. It was possible, for example, that the diatoms, if
‘abundant in the surrounding water, were merely ingested and would
‘pass the intestinal canal unchanged, while the decaying organic matter
‘might be digested. In order to settle this point, several oysters and
‘clams were placed in separate glass dishes, their shells being previously
‘earefully cleaned with a brush. The sea water in these dishes was
‘either naturally very pure or strained through filter paper; after a few
hours a considerable quantity of feeces was deposited in the dishes.
‘The excrements of the oyster, as well as those of the mussel and soft
clam, are well formed, consisting of a hollow tube or of a solid rod of
excrementitious substance; the amount of sand in them is enormous,
forming by far the greatest bulk.

The cell walls of the diatoms, on account of the silica which they
contain, are indigestible; for this reason it was easy to determine with
accuracy whether digestion of the diatoms actually took place, as it

had been previously ascertained that very few empty shells of diatoms
were present in the stomach, by far the greater number being in fresh
condition. The examination of the excrements under the microscope
showed that the decaying organic matter had passed through the ali-
‘mentary canal entirely unchanged. At first it seemed as if the diatoms
also were very imperfectly digested, but soon it became evident that
this was an error based on superficial examination, since the undigested
diatoms were more conspicuous on account of their coloring matter,
while the delicate transparent shells of those which had been digested
escaped observation. To avoid this error the following method was
‘adopted: The excrements of a certain number of oysters or clams were
collected, broken up in water, and well mixed. From this average
sample two preparations were made and in each of these twenty-five
fields selected at random were counted. I have tabulated below the
results of the examination of two such samples. The great difference
in the number of diatoms present in each field is due to the fact that
the samples were very differently diluted with water.

In Column I, under “dead,” is recorded the total number of dead
diatoms observed. The letter d following a number indicates that not
all the diatoms were completely digested, although by far the most
were nearly so, only a little of the coloring matter remaining.

Column II shows the number not entirely digested, and the difference
between the numbers in the two columns indicates in each instance the
number in which only the clean silica skeleton remained. ;

In none of these cases was the additional decaying organic matter
digested. The numbers of individuals examined being very different,
having been taken from different localities and representing different
genera, the fact that the results coincided so closely in the proportion-
ate number of digested and undigested diatoms seems to indicate a
very complete digestion of the ingested diatoms in this group.

378

:
Average sample of the excrements of 21 oysters, collected on plants of Mr. Cock, in shallow
water, Hampton Creek, Va. ;

REPORT

OF

COMMISSIONER OF

FISH AND FISHERIES.

Preparation No. 1. Preparation No. 2.
auelt Dead. Dead.
8 Lia, <= —— | Living.|— SETS
Col. I. Col: IL: Col. I. | Col. ET.
| | |
|
| 0 Th ooh ie heel 0 12 Meee
2 2 13 6d 0 20S said.
3 1 2 ie See 0 16 2d
4 0 ebiel Sa ane strc 0 20° ee aes es
5 1 8d 1d 1 17 ld
6 0 1 eee 0 2Ow aheeeatee
7 0 ig Weaese ae 0 22 3d
8 0 13 3d 0 28 4d
9 0 4 lle 29 3d
10 0 U2 Seer eee 0 27 4d
‘11 0 14 4d 1 20 2d
12 0 16 4d 0 8 1d
13 0 14 | ld 0 22 2d
J4 0 1D | Biel 0 18 3d
15 0 LS Pl eyes eo: 0 10 ld
16 0 13 ld | 0 15 2d
17 0 16 ld 0 12 4d
18 0 15 3d 2 13 3d
19 1 35 2d OST SS 3d
20 0 20 ld Ors Te Td
21 0 11 2d 0 23 3d
22 0 17 2d 0 24 4d
23 0 14 2d 0 12 2d
24 0 Ge GISaeseec 0 11 2d
25 0 TORS ae Soro 1 23 3d
2214) 322 — 2844-38 5 475 — 4124 63
Living,1.5 | Entirely di-
per cent. gested,87 per
cent.
Nearly di-
gested,12 per
cent.

*These few living diatoms might have been derived from the sea water used for breaking up the
excrements. All five belonged to the same species, and as diatoms have a motion of their own itis

Results.

Results of Preparation No. 1:

UD ALB ER em Ame sistas oC.
Nearly digested
Entirely digested

ay digested. ----=.--..<
Nearly digested
Wiivin a> eee eer ee eer e peer

| tions:

possible that the same individual figured in each case.

+The smaller species were all entirely digested, so that they seem to offer the best food for the oyster.

Average sample of the excrements of 17 oysters, collected by Mr. R. Armstrong 10 miles up the
James River from Newport News, Va.; deep water.

Preparation No. 1.

Preparation No. 2.

Living.

| Dead Dead.
——— Living. |__|

Col. I. |Col. II. Col. I. |Col. II.
Bie eee ae 0 eee ae
Nai | ana a 0 8 ld
5 ld 0 2 38d
Wee emia 0 Set SE ee
Sy ahh reeka ee 0 3 ld
Dy Neto 0 Dy tot Al tater ata ae
6 38d 0 1 Ee) |S os 222
2 Meweneree 0 BT Seictetsrmagere
PARR AT) ese 4 0 2 2d
Sys ai hele etree 0 HE oe
sree 0 Dy Weta st
4 2d 0 Dy Mate ware mare
iD 2d 0 3 ld
So ulosseeree 0 Bn. Weeeerragae
2 ld 0 2° ouheg. iss
be tl eas eee 0 nie Bees ao
Cae eee 0 MOA ee
3 ld 0 eee ee eZ
QP ei ee ae 0 2 1d
i Dy a a Sree 0 POE SeSeaon
et. eee oes 0 erates cree
6 ld 0 Diet gal Srsire co cyahe
3 1d 0 iets | einteieistave'e
Aye St, See 0 Bith Weseeisia ts
iby | Been 0 Paar | Crane ai
82—70+12 | 0 63—54+ 9*

*Enormous quantity of sand and many big species of diatoms.

Results.

Results from Preparation No. 1:

| Per ct
I] Entirely digested..........-- 85
Nearly digested -...--....... I4
yi gneVee ee rae succecnott ns 1
Mataliecien. rrece ed eee “100

Results from Preparation No. 2:
Entirely digested
Nearly digested
Living

Average from the two prepara-
tions:

FOOD OF THE OYSTER, CLAM, AND RIBBED MUSSEL. 379

|
, Average sample of the excrements of £4 clams, collected on the flats at the Soldiers’ Home,
¥ Hampton, Va,

Preparation No. 1. Preparation No. 2. ||
-. |
| | Field Dead. Dead. | Results.
| Lo SSS LS ap
Col. I. | Col. IT. Col. I. | Col. IT. ||
1 1 7 2d 0 Yio NSaencecté | Results of Preparation No. 1:
2 0 ee | Sa ee 0 | Me 5 sarSeas | Per ct
3 0 ye all he a ga UN)! ate eal ESeE See TEA VAN Oona at aeration elaine
4 0 Oryeiases. OLY Dieses Entirely digested.........--.-. 83
5 0 3 iy el) a FAR ig Lee) es Nearly digested .......--..-.-- 15
6 0 3 Oe vita Dik, eee
ui 0 ee tara ad || 0 2 ld Note, 232s saeseee te ee 100
8 0 3 als Weston Od pet AN hy [SSA BA: ===
9 0 3 ld CO Rag am See Results of Preparation No. 2:
0 ie Oar) 0 4 Ivins ache sasae se eee eee ae 0
0 By eae 0 4 Entirely digested.........-.--. 86
0 PN: | 0 1 Nearly digested.......-.-..-.-- 14
0 3 1d 0 0 ——
0 eS eer 0 TAA |) Total 43. 260K ...VIrpaseeee 100
0 Breas eae Git, -t--| =
0 es allbeenses Oe Soe aioe ea Average:
0 2 1d 0 PW enere see Di ested fa dates eesaacias 22 oee ae 99
0 (ie 0 4 2d Hnitirely sins. goss 84.5
0 Ye ee ae 0 2, pela | IN CATV EE Se ocn anatase 14.5
0 i Weeseaobe 0 OT oddeceee | EVA Siete a ctee verate salto 1
0 Dae iy Sve aul 0 lle PS Seehc re ae
0 ip hi betaine 0 i la ea ed 8 otal sess ee see eee ese 100
0 Hits lta. st 0 re Ae ene |
0 ee aan t 0 1 1d |
0 a eee 0 Di lai cok feparire
1a 55—=464+9 || 0 43 —37+6 |

* Probably derived from the sea water used to break up the excrements.

There was another possible kind of food yet to be considered,
namely, such substances as might be in solution in the water in which
the oyster lives. The oysters attached to the stones of the Ripraps,
which also showed their stomachs full of diatoms, are surrounded by
perfectly clear water, but from a large number of chemical analyses
which I have made of similar water on former occasions, after having
Strained the diatoms, etc., out, 1 am convinced that hardly a trace of
organic matter is to be found dissolved in it, so that this possible source
of food can be entirely excluded.

After having determined in this way that the food of the oysters
and clams in the James River consists practically of diatoms, the
‘question presented itself, Where do these diatoms come from? The
use of the common Miiller’s pelagic tow net revealed their presence at
the surface of the water in enormous quantities, and no difference
could be detected in their numbers or distribution during the daytime
or nighttime. The occurrence of diatoms in such numbers at the
surface explained well their presence in the stomachs of the oysters
attached to the stones and piles submerged only a little under water,
but this could not account for their presence in those living at the
bottom in deeper places, where even at low tide considerable water
remained. It was therefore thought advisable to collect at different
depths in order to study their perpendicular distribution from the
surface to the bottom. The result showed that they occurred in equal
‘quantity at all depths up to 70 feet, which, according to the official
naps, is the greatest depth found at the mouth of the James River.

' >

380) REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

The idea is commonly held that the soft organic mud on the oyster |

beds stimulates the growth of diatoms, but a microscopic examination
of specimens of mud taken from different oyster beds revealed the fact

that they were apparently not more numerous in such places than on —

the sandy bottoms similarly situated, provided that they were contin-

ually covered with water. On the other hand, those muddy places |

which are left dry between the tides were found to be much richer in
diatoms than similar sandy places. The species living on the bottom

apparently differed from the pelagic ones, but their presence in the

stomachs examined indicates that they also served the oyster for food.
These observations were made at places where the current was strong.

They do not, therefore, by any means preclude the possibility that in —

stagnant or slowly flowing water muddy banks may form a much
better soil for diatoms than sandy ones. The fact that they are more
numerous on muddy bottoms near the shore which are left uncovered
by the tide even indicates this. We might account for the facts above
stated by supposing that the diatoms are swept along so fast by the
strong currents that they have not time to settle on these mudbanks,
and might perhaps also thus explain the controversy between oyster-

growers as to whether muddy or sandy bottoms furnish the most favor- —

able places for planting. That sand is sometimes preferable we learn —

from the following quotation from Professor Brooks’s oyster report.
Within the harbor, for instance, considerable ‘“‘muddy bottom has
been utilized by first paving it with coarse beach sand. No spot where
there is not a swift current is considered worth this trouble.”

This, of course, is in complete harmony with our facts, since the
stronger the current the more food that is offered. That there is an
abundant food supply for oysters en sandy bottom is proved by the
fact that the clams, living upon the same food as the ovsters. are often
found on pure sand flats.

The fact that the mud bank, on microscopic examination, did not
prove to contain more diatoms than the sand did not seem to furnish
sufficient evidence on which to base an opinion as to the stimulating
power of the mud on the growth of diatoms, as this might possibly be
perceptible in the greater quantity of diatoms in the water above. To
determine this, diatoms were collected from the water over mud banks
and also from over pure sand and the results compared, but no per-
ceptible difference could be detected. The instrument used for this
purpose was a Miiller’s net secured firmly by means of two strong
wooden poles to the dredge in such a way that it was immovable. The
poles “A” are of strong wood. Two incisions are made in these, extend-
ing about half way through the wood at the points a and b in such a
manner that the iron bars D of the dredge fit perfectly in them. A
erosspiece C is now screwed on, so as to retain the poles at an angle of
about 45° with the bottom when the dredge is lying on it. The net is
fastened between the poles near the top, the ring fitting into incisions
in either side, enough space being allowed between them and the top

‘

; FOOD OF THE OYSTER, CLAM, AND RIBBED MUSSEL. 381

for the usual rope of the net to be firmly wound around it in order to
(‘keep the latter in position. This arrangement allows the use of both
met and dredge separately or together with very little trouble or
jexpense. When the apparatus is in use, the dredge is drawn along
‘on the bottom in the direction of the arrow, while the net is held about
.a foot above the bottom and a few feet in front of the dredge, so that
ithe mud stirred up by the latter does not interfere with the net, and in
\the latter only those objects are taken which are normally suspended
in the water passing over the mud bank.

In order to study the diatoms over as wide an area as possible,
collections were made daily from Newport News down to Hampton,
,and even from points several miles outin the bay. [rom these catches

about 50 species of diatoms were drawn on the spot. For staining the
diatoms, the lower algw, and other low forms of life, I employed the
method described farther on, which I think offers some advantages
worthy of consideration. Several jars full of diatoms were preserved
and carried to Baltimore for classification. I have not, however, been
able to find a reliable work on the classification of American diatoms,
and as specialists assure me that such a one does not exist, this plan
had to be abandoned, since the time at my disposal just now does not
permit me to undertake it. Nevertheless, such a classification would be
of great value, and if the necessary collection of diatoms from different
points of the American coast could be obtained to enable such a work
to be done on a broad basis, it would also pay from a practical stand.
point. It would be of great interest to so determine the habitat of the
different species as to ascertain which grow on the bottom and which
are freely suspended inthe water. At the same time a careful study
:

382 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

of the life-history of the diatoms should be made. It does not seem to
me that it would be very difficult to fatten oysters by bringing them
into ponds in which a large quantity of diatoms had been developed
under favorable conditions. To accomplish this satisfactorily, however,
a closer study of the life-history of this group would be necessary.

The quantity of diatoms which may be seen on a bottom near the —

shore, for example, does not in the least furnish us with a basis for
measuring the amount of oyster food there present, as many of these

forms are firmly fixed to the bottom, and so, of course, are entirely use-

less for that purpose. Since itis well known that too much fresh water
kills the marine diatoms, a careful study of the influence of fresh water

upon them would be necessary in order to determine the most promising |
places for oyster-culture in ourrivers. My station last summer, so near |
the mouth of the river, was not well fitted for this, but I was able to |
show that oysters coming from 15 miles farther up the river containeé

in their stomachs the same species of diatoms as those collected around
Newport News, or even around Hampton.
As the water surrounding the habitat of the oysters contained,

besides diatoms, a great number of copepods, it seems strange that |
these were not found in the oysters’ stomachs also, as the stream of ©

water ingested by the oysters was certainly strong enough to draw the
copepods into their mouth along with the other floating particles.
The idea naturally suggested itself that perhaps the oyster might
possess a power of discrimination between the higher and more active
animals, such as copepods and the lower foraminifera, and especially
the diatoms, although the fact that its mouth is continuously open
does not favor this view. It was thus thought advisable to make some

|

experiments bearing upon this subject. As copepods were not to be |

obtained easily in pure cultures, it was thought that a substitute for
them might be found in finely hashed fish, or, better still, shrimps. It
might safely be assumed that if oysters should prove to be able to
discriminate between such a food material and diatoms the chances are
that they would still more readily distinguish the latter from the
actively swimming copepods, since the presence of these would be
more readily detected by their movements.

Such a fact, however probable, could not be demonstrated, but the
question which could and should be determined by this method was:
Do the oyster and the other bivalve mollusks possess in general a
power of discriminating between the different kinds of food offered to
them? For this purpose it was necessary to obtain, in the first place,
cultures of diatoms in which animal life was absent. Since diatoms
have never hitherto, so far as I am aware, been obtained in pure cul-
ture, some experiments had to be made to accomplish this. I was able
to obtain very good cultures, though not pure ones; the latter not
being attempted. It seems to me that it would be easy by the method
which I employed to obtain cultures of a single species, only contami-
nated by bacteria. The method was this: Some sea water was placed

FOOD OF THE OYSTER, CLAM, AND RIBBED MUSSEL. 383

in an Erlenmeyer flask with a little of the pelagic catch added, in
order to give it the necessary elements for the growth of the diatoms.
The flask was then plugged with cotton and sterilized by boiling.
Afterwards, when it had cooled, a few drops of the pelagic catch con-
taining but a few diatoms were introduced into this sterilized medium.
After some days small colonies of diatoms appeared on the wall of the
‘flask, especially on the side turned toward the light. One of these
colonies was removed by means of a sterilized platinum needle and
‘introduced into another Erlemeyer flask containing the same medium.
‘This culture was afterwards used for experiments.

The experiments were carried: on in the following way: A hash of
‘fish and one of shrimps was suspended in water, the suspension con-
‘taining particles not larger than a copepod. Clams were first used
‘for the experiments. A culture of diatoms in sufficient quantity to
‘eause a small, well-defined cloud in the water was offered to them by
‘means of a fine glass tube, the end of which was brought close to the

| : : :
ventral opening of the siphon, care being taken (see figure’ not to

nt

itouch it. The culture was now allowed to flow through, and soon
(disappeared in the opening of the siphon. Many such cultures were
‘accepted by the clam, but when similar experiments were made with a
‘hash of fish, the result was either that the opening closed as soon as the
particles of fish touched it, or the suspension was accepted as before,
‘but almost as soon as taken it was forcibly ejected and often thrown
to a distance of six or seven inches. The shrimp hash was rejected in
the same manner.

When soft clams were used, the same results were obtained, and when
the hash was brought between the open shells of the oyster, the same
phenomena were observed, the suspension being rejected and the shells
immediately closed, while the diatoms were readily accepted. Though
these experiments were repeated over and over again, I always obtained
the same results with a single exception in the case of a soft clam, an
individual apparently without a discriminating taste, which accepted
a great quantity of the hash, but finally rejected it also.

>

384 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Besides the diatoms some lower alge were found to be present in the
water, especially near the shore, and I have no doubt that in winter
and early spring the reproductive spores of the higher alge growing
on oyster beds will prove to be an additional source of oyster food. I
therefore made a list of the alg found during the time of my stay in
places where oysters were living in the James River. It should be
borne in mind in connection with this list, however, that my visit was
made during the hottest months of a very hot summer, a particularly
unfavorable season for the growth of alge. Tor this reason the small
number of species collected is not to be wondered at.*

Alg@ collected.

1. Melanophycee. 3. Floridex.
Fucus vesiculosus. Dasya elegans.
Chondria tenuissima.
Polysiphonia variegata.

2. Chlorophycee. Rhabdonia tenera.
Bryopsis plumosa. Ceramium rubrum.
Ulva lactuca. Gracelaria compressa.
Ulva clathrata. Polysiphonia urceolata.
Ulva hopkirkii. 4. Cyanophycee.
Cladophora, sp. Lyngbya, sp.
Entocladia viridis. Oscillaria, sp.

Looking back on our results, we see that the oyster lives almost

exclusively on diatoms, and it will be well to recall the structure and
physiological properties of these low plants. The diatoms are small,
microscopic plants, surrounded by a firm membrane having a struc-
ture of a small box; that is, consisting of the two halves of. the cell
wall, one fitting over the other as the cover does over a pasteboard
box. These cell walls, formed of cellulose, are incrusted with an
enormous quantity of silica, often arranged in beautiful and delicate
designs, so that after the soft parts have been destroyed by heating
to incandescence, the perfectly clean silicious skeleton remains, show-
ing all its delicate detail of structure. Inside of this cell wall the
plasmatic body of the diatom, provided with a nucleus, is seen during
life. In some species more or less definite portions, in others the whole

plasma, is diffusely tinged with a brownish color. This color is of par-

ticular interest to us, for just as the trees, by means of their green
coloring matter, are able to convert inorganic into organic matter—that
is, animal food—so are the diatoms in the same way by means of their
brown color substance. Let us see what this teaches us, and first
glance at the economic peculiarities of higher animal life.

Starting from any animal life, we see that its existence always
depends, either directly or indirectly, on the presence of plants, since
these alone are able to form organic matter, all animals being destroyers,
but never producers, of it. For example, cattle live directly on plants,

*That the flora at Hampton is very much richer is strongly suggested by the fact
that in April of this year, during an afternoon walk along the shore, I found in great

abundance Phyllitis, Ectocarpus, Pelagella, three genera of which in August no |

trace was left.

FOOD OF THE OYSTER, CLAM, AND RIBBED MUSSEL. 385

4
*

but the lion, devouring the cattle, depends as well on the plants, since
) without them the existence of his prey would be impossible. Exactly
» the same thing takes place in the water; the fishes preying on other
| fishes, these on smaller fishes, these again on other animals. Al have
(to come back finally to animals living on plants. So we see that in the
‘present case our oyster lives directly on plants, and there is no danger,
‘as long as our waters contain the necessary salts for plants to live upon,
that the food supply of the oyster will become exhausted, unless, indeed,
(it should be found that in the embryonic stage the oyster depends upon
‘some more precarious food supply.

One subject of interest remains to be considered, namely, How do

diatoms multiply?

’ This is accomplished as represented in the accompanying figures.
The shells a and b separate as far as possible, so that one fits but
‘slightly over the other. A cross wall ¢ is now formed which splits into
two, one of these forming the box for each of the two halves. It will

be readily understood that in this way every daughter diatom is a little

Vy
[ie
Ong ef 2)

‘smaller than the mother, since the box of the mother now serves as
‘the cover of the daughter. If this be repeated a certain number of
(times, the diatoms would finally become too small for existence, but
(then the small diatom leaves its shell and either simply grows, forming
‘a new cell wall after a certain time, or it finds a mate, the bodies of
| both merging into one, and in this way the loss of size resulting from
\this mode of division is compensated.

A SIMPLE METHOD OF STAINING SMALL ORGANISMS.

In the staining of unicellular alge, diatoms, and the reproductive
‘organs of the higher alg, as well as many other micro-organisins, the
greatest difficulty, as is well known, is encountered in the great loss of
specimens entailed by the more or less complicated staining process
now in use. The one now commonly employed is as follows: The speci-
men is hardened in a 1 per cent aqueous solution of chromic acid for
twenty-four hours, washed carefully in water until the last trace of the
acid is removed, then stained with a solution of carmine. It does not
need to be pointed out that by the use of this method it is easy to lose
the greater part of the organisms, and the disadvantages of it are
F. R. 93 25

7

386 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

increased the more simple the appliances of the laboratory. Hence,

during a short stay at the seashore for the purpose of study of these—

forms, where the equipment of a hastily constructed laboratory is neces-
sarily meager, great inconvenience is experienced.

In order to obviate this difficulty | have used a method which I found
both simple and satisfactory. Small bags having the shape repre-
sented in the accompanying figure are made of bolting cloth, a fine

mesh being used so that the desired organisms can

not pass through. The organisms having been
removed by means of an ordinary glass tube from
the glass dish in which the surface nets were
emptied, are now transferred to the bag just de-
scribed. During this manipulation the little bag
is kept open by means of a pair of forceps in the

closed by tying astring around itsmouth. Several
bags filled in this way are then placed in an Erle-
meyer flask or, in the absence of this, into a com-
mon wide-mouth bottle.

A suitable weight, preferably a glass rod, having
been placed on the bags to prevent them from
floating, the solution of chromic acid is now poured
over them and permitted to remain in contact {6r
twenty-four hours. The bags are then removed,
and having been attached to a long piece of cord,
with an interval of 2 or 3 inches between every two
bags, the whole is tied to any convenient object
and washed in a stream of water until free from
the chromic acid. This usually takes about two
hours. The bags are now removed from the water
and immersed in the staining fluid for a sufficient
time. The excess of stain is washed away in
water, and if overstaining has occurred the organ-
isms can be decolorized while still inclosed in the bags by adding a
trace of HCl to the water. The bags are now cut open, the stained
organisms transferred to a watch glass and mounted. Should they still
be overstained they can be further decolorized in the manner stated.

manner indicated, after which the bag is securely

-

'5.— ESTABLISHMENT OF STATIONS FOR THE PROPAGATION OF
7 SALMON ON THE PACIFIC COAST.

5
}

By J. J. Brice, Commander, United States Navy.

WASHINGTON, D. C., November 15, 1892.

Srr: I have the honor to submit herewith a report of investigations
‘and operations on the Pacific Coast in reference to the establishment
of stations for the propagation of salmon.

~ The salmon, which formerly inhabited the Pacific Coast waters in

countless millions, extending from Alaska to Monterey, are becoming

each year more reduced in numbers in the yearly run, and the question
resolves itself into one of almost final extinction or prompt and active
‘measures for their protection and propagation. The importance of °
speedily furnishing a supply equal to the demand by artificial means is
‘emphasized in the value of the fish industry on that coast, amounting
to something like $7,000,000 yearly.

The seal fisheries are a national question and the most prominent
subject before the people, verging on war, yet their actual commercial
‘value is not so great as the fish industry on the Pacific, which is grad-
ually slipping away from us through depletion by indifference and
‘improvident destruction. The ruin has continued without interruption
‘until some of the streams, formerly alive with fish, are now nearly
‘exhausted and becoming as destitute of salmon as the Hudson and the
‘other eastern rivers which were, in early times, abundantly stocked
“with many species of Salmonide. This destruction took place before
artificial propagation was practiced, an excuse for that day and time;
‘but it also serves as a warning in the present, with our knowledge of
_artificial means, to protect and guard the Pacitic Coast streams from
‘the same misfortune.

To formulate a plan to restore the salmon in their original numbers
‘to the various streams on that coast and offset the yearly catch by arti-
ficial propagation has been my duty. :

The urgent necessity for speedy action is manifest in the fact that
‘there are many obstacles in the way of the rehabilitation of a river
‘once depleted of its fish, aside from the great increase in the labor and
(the expense of transporting young fry from remote localities. It was
therefore recommended to the United States Fish Commission to estab-
\lish hatcheries on military or otlier Government reservations, and

387

>

888 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

similar desirable localities for the production of the different species of |
salmon, so arranged as to benefit all the streams on the Pacific Coast.

As an experimental effort and the commencement of the system, a
hatchery was established at Fort Gaston, Humboldt County, Cal.”
This is the central hatchery, and has auxiliary or subhatcheries on
the neighboring streams which empty directly into the ocean. These
auxiliary hatcheries are used for taking the spawn and depositing the)
young fry on or near the spawning-grounds, and are kept open only
during the spawning and hatching season, which would be about four
months of the year. Besides the auxiliary station at Redwood River,
it is proposed to connect with the Gaston Station two others on the
Mad and Eel rivers. There are other streams near by which could be)
utilized in the same way, all emptying into the sea. In addition to
stocking the waters of the Pacific with salmon and other indigenous |
fish, the central hatchery at Gaston is provided with ponds used for)
hatching and propagating eastern and foreign fish, such as landlocked |
salmon, eastern and German trout. Breeding ponds are in use, filled |
with the two last-mentioned fish, from which many will be distributed |
in the streams and waters throughout the country.

Other localities have been examined and suitable places inspected
for hatcheries, those on the Colville Reservation near the head of the
Columbia River and another at Lake Coeur d’Alene being particularly |
favorable. Military or Government reservations were selected for
several reasons, prominent among them being the assured protection
of the young fish. For convenience it is also desirable that the hatch-
eries should be located near the heads of the streams in the vicinity of
the spawning-grounds, where fish are more likely to be found ripe and.
ready for stripping of their eggs. While the system need not be con- .
fined to Government reservations, such localities are preferable where |
facilities for the work meet with the requirements.

The streams should be stocked from the several varieties found on the
Pacific Coast, preferably the indigenous or the kind of salmon which |
visit the particular stream, Great danger attends the introduction in
any stream of fish not belonging to the waters. A stronger and more
rapacious strange fish is sure to destroy the weaker native occupants |
of the stream, and give in return for the destruction probably an inferior |
and less prolific salmon.

The waters in Humboldt County, Cal., are also free from vagrant
and predatory fish; consequently the young can be placed in the stream:
at an early age without molestation except from the trout which inhabit
all these waters. The yearling trout is the voracious enemy of the
young salmon, and being small himself is capable of pursuing the
little fish into shoal water, their haven of refuge from danger. The
destruction of salmon fry by these active young trout is very great,
Therefore it is not policy to stock the same stream with both salmon.
and trout. Since there is no comparison in their commercial value

its was

PROPAGATION OF SALMON ON THE PACIFIC COAST. 389

ere should be no question as to which should receive the attention
and protection of the Fish Commission. The Fort Gaston station is
on the Trinity River, a tributary to the Klamath. The fish appear here
learly in the winter months and again in the spring to spawn.

, When the salmon enters the river and commences his long journey to
the spawning-grounds it is truly the effort of his life, resulting in many
eases in death from accident or exhaustion. During this time he eats
‘nothing, a wise provision of nature, otherwise the spawn, which is the
most attractive food for fish, would be consumed by the multitudes
(which throng the streams during the spawning season. The salmon enter
the river in good condition, well fortified with fat, upon which they
maintain their strength, combined with the constant supply of nutriment
from the destruction of the oil-bearing tissues which envelop the ovary
and the outside membrane covering, the latter holding the eggs and
ily essence surrounding them. Disintegration of the ovary adjuncts
jand spermatic parts begins shortly after the fish enter the river, in both
male and female, but the supply is not so great in the former, because
ithe burden and exertion are less.

The conjunction of natural causes in assisting the salmon in all his
movements and in the manner of depositing the eggs is as interesting
asitis beautiful. In the operation of spawning, from my own observa-
tion, the salmon on arriving at the place selected remains quiet until
recovered from the effects of the long journey from the sea, and for this
purpose they select a pool where there is protection and concealment,
under driftwood or an overhanging bank. In pairs, male and female,
they build their nests generally in the swift water on the ripple above
jor below the pool, the male guarding it with great jealousy by fighting
faway all intruders. The pool serves as a place of concealment during
ithe day; the spawning and nest-making takes place at night or early in
the morning, continuing during the daytime if it is overcast and dark.
[The act of spawning by the female may go on at intervals for a week
‘before all the eggs are deposited.
| The construction of the nest is commenced by digging an elongated
‘hole, extending up and down the stream, and located in the swift water
above or below the pool, the fish using the nose and fins in making
‘the excavation, throwing out the sand and gravel in volumes in their
effort. The stones and gravel are carried just below the excavation by
‘the current, forming a nest covering a space sometimes more than 6
feet in diameter, the small particles of sand and dirt being carried far
idown the stream.

_ It seems strange that a collection of stones and pebbles should form
va fish nest, and it becomes a matter of speculation as to the manner of
secreting the eggs under a mass of stones. Yet nature has made it
very simple, and secured its results in a matter-of-fact way. The eggs
jare deposited in the hole by the female and impregnated by the male.
‘During the fertilization, which takes from half an hour to fifty minutes,

\
es

390 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

the eggs cling together in a mass and to the bottom of the stream;
they then commence to separate, and the gentle current sweeping down
through the trough-like hole carries the egg out of the excavation, as it
becomes detached from the mass, and onto the nest of stones below,
where it tumbles from one stone to another, until it drops into one of
the crevices, eventually finding its way to the bottom of the pile or
nest, and there lies securely hidden away, well protected from preda-
tory fish, until it is finally hatched. |

It fone from forty to sixty days for the eggs to hatch, the time,
depending upon the temperature of the water. After hatching the
fish remain in the nest about twenty days, until the umbilical sac is
exhausted, having at this time but one instinet—to hide and burrow:
deeper into the nest. After the substance of the sac is consumed the,
little fish approaches the surface to snap at passing particles of food,
and in so doing is washed away from the nest and finally makes its way
to the shoal water near the shore, gradually dropping downstream
until the fall freshets come and carry it into the larger streams, and
eventually into the ocean. |

Saimon make their nests and spawn differently under different cir-
cumstances. If prevented from reaching their spawning-ground, by
late freshets or other obstacles, they will spawn in the river or deposit:
their eggs in the muddy bottom of a pool, if there are no gravel beds
available. In both instances most of the eggs are lost. By artificial
means as much as 95 per cent of the eges are hatched; and in depos-
iting the young fry it has been the custom at the Fort Gaston station
to place them in the streams near the spawning-grounds five or six
weeks after hatching. Young salmon ted abundantly in the ponds for
four or five months before they are put in the streams acquire different
habits, and are inclined to linger in the fresh water the year round,
having become too strong to be carried out by the fall and winter fresh-
ets against their inclination. The salmon is very much the victim
of circumstances, and in his movements is governed more or less by
freshets and the temperature of the water. From the latter he is most
naturally controlled in seeking more genial surroundings. The early
stage of a little salmon’s existence is made up of continuous alarms to
avoid danger, and the commencement of his life is spent in hiding and
darting about until he gains sufficient strength and activity to venture
abroad for food, trusting to speed for safety.

The method of taking salmon for spawn at Fort Gaston consists in
running a wire fence diagonally across the stream, near the upper end of
which is inserted a V-shaped trap made of the same wire stretched over a
wooden frame; tlie pointed end of the trapis placed upstream and the wire
fence extends to the shores from each corner of the lower end. In the
lower face of the trap is a hole large enough for the salmon to enter, with
converging steel rods, 18 inches long, extending inwardly from around
the opening; these are pressed apart as the salmon enters and spring

PROPAGATION OF SALMON ON THE PACIFIC COAST. 391

i back into place when he is secure inside. The traps are located below
| the spawning-ground and convenient to the hatchery.
| The Fort Gaston station was the experimental attempt in the com-
jmencement of a systematic plan to stock yearly the streams on the
| Pacific with salmon, and in view of the satisfactory results given by this
(station it is recommended that the system be extended by establishing
‘hatcheries with 4 auxiliary stations each in the following localities: One
on the Chileat River, in Alaska, or in its vicinity; one on Puget Sound;
one on the Colville Reservation, Columbia River, and one on Hel River,
‘California. It is also recommended to increase the Gaston station with
dauxiliary hatcheries, and connect with the McCloud station 4 auxiliary
Stations.
The following is an estimate of the cost of establishing and maintain-
ing these proposed stations:

| Four central hatcheries, buildings, and apparatus, at $2,000.............-..- $8, 600
WPwenty auxiliary hatcheries, at $300 each ...............--. -20022--2- seen ee 6, 000
five superintendents, at $1,200 per year each ......-..- 222.222. eee e ee oe 6, 000
SSix laborers, at $40 per month each for twelve months .........-...--..----- 2, 880
Twenty-four laborers, at $40 per month each for four months.....-....----.- 3, 840
‘Yearly miscellaneous expenses of each central hatchery, including its aux-

CUSTER ELT ESTES A Be SE SP Pe Say eee fe 2 ee a eT 1,500
Total miscellaneous expenses yearly of five stations, not including the Me-

POM Nb CORY Set abel sain Hale eitrinonts a retotis achat cies Sac amnuiees Se clo cele ae 7, 500

With this small outlay of public money each important salmon stream
on the Pacific Coast could be stocked with young fish artificially hatched
far exceeding in numbers the yearly catch or market demand.

As the farmer recognizes the necessity of replenishing his stock every
year, in like manner the same prudent forethought is required in regard

to the occupants of the streams, and the expenditures for this purpose
in the plan suggested are insignificant when compared to the millions
of dollars represented in the result.

For the further protection of the fish on that coast, it is suggested
that one of the rivers, the Klamath, for instance, and its tributaries, be
held by the Government as a fish preserve, prohibiting seining or
taking salmon in any way for commercial purposes. A great national
nursery would thereby be established, from which not only the Pacific
Coast would be benefited, but the whole country. The land extending
some distance from the mouth of the Klamath River is, I believe, a
Government reservation, requiring no special legislation to close the
stream to outside enterprise.

Authorities give the salmon (genus Oncorhynchus) on the Pacific Coast
as representing five species. The king, quinnat, or chinook salmon has
an average weight of 22 pounds; there are 16 rays on the anal fin to
distinguish it. The blueback salmon weighs from 5 to 8 pounds and

has 14 to 16 rays on its anal fin. The silver salmon, weighing from 3 to
8 pounds, has 13 rays on the anal fin to distinguish it. The dog salmon,
with an average weight of 12 pounds, has 14 anal rays. In the fall the

>

392 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

male dog salmon is red and his jaws are much distorted. This is also |

true of the humpback salmon, which is small, weighing up to 6 pounds
and having 15 anal rays.

Among the offshoots of the Salmonide is the steelhead, which, from
good authority, is the salmon trout, the same species as the rainbow
trout in the streams. In point of fact the steelhead and rainbow trout
were originally one and the same fish, so far as at present known from
their construction, the difference in size being due to their habits and
the extensive surroundings of the steelhead. In construction, except

its size, the steelhead is a trout, but in habits a salmon. ‘The rainbow —

trout may become a salmon trout (or steelhead) when its habits are
anadromous, which could occur through accident, such as an unusual

freshet in which the rainbow trout is washed into the estuaries of the |
rivers and the sea. The rich food and boundless extent of territory off

the mouths of rivers account for his increase in size and strength. This

growth is noticed in the salmon as being comparatively insignificant

while remaining in fresh water, but rapid upon its first visit to the sea.
Fish food is most plentiful in the ocean near the estuaries of the rivers,
as the influence of the fresh-water stream is felt many miles at sea,
causing an abundant growth of marine vegetation or vast pastures,
attracting the smaller fish and crustacea upon which the salmon feed,
returning yearly to their native rivers to spawn.

Very respectfully, J. J. BRICE,

Commander, U. S. Navy-
Hon. MARSHALL MCDONALD,

United States Fish Commissioner.

Lary’

|
)

17
¢ 7
'6.—THE ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE STEAMER

}

a ALBATROSS DURING THE YEARS 1890 AND 1891.

" By CHARLES H. Girpert, Pu. D.,
Professor of Zoology in Leland Stanford Junior University.

i”
!REPORT ON THE FISHES COLLECTED IN BERING SEA AND THE NORTH
PACIFIC OCEAN DURING THE SUMMER OF 1890.

During the summer of 1890 the writer accompanied the Albatross as
chief naturalist during its exploration of Alaskan waters. The plans
for the cruise, outlined by the Commissioner, contemplated a thorough
‘examination of the cod banks of Bristol Bay and the area surrounding
‘the Aleutian Islands, followed by an exploration of the deeper waters
‘of the western portion of Bering Sea. It is much to be regretted that
‘unforeseen hindrances prevented the accomplishment of the latter part of
‘this plan. But two hauls of the beam trawl were taken beyond the 1,000-
‘fathom line in Bering Sea, and the interesting results only emphasize
‘the importance of making a thorough exploration of this region.

The narrative and some of the general results of the cruise have been
already given by Commander Z. L. Tanner (Report of Commissioner of
| Fish and Fisheries for 1889-91, pp. 226-256), and the economic phases have
‘been treated sufficiently by the fishery expert, A. B. Alexander (I. ¢., pp.
280-290). The present paper contains a list of the fishes collected during
(the cruise, with notes and descriptions of new or little-known forms.

One hundred and forty-three dredging stations were occupied, num-
[bered 3210 to 3352 inclusive, the large beam trawl being usually
‘employed. Of these, stations 5210 to 3227 form a line extending from
‘a point south of the Sannak Islands westward through Unimak Pass
‘to Unalaska; stations 3228 to 3306 were in the shallow waters of Bristol
| Bay (34 to 81 fathoms) and were very monotonous; stations 3307 and
3308 were in the depressed basin occupying the western portion of
\Bering Sea and were of extreme interest; stations 3309 to 3336, also
ivery rich in results, were to the northward of Unalaska Island in depths
of 19 to 578 fathoms; stations 3337 to 3342 form a line extending across
‘the North Pacific from Unalaska to Vancouver Island, station 3342,
‘taken off Queen Charlotte Island in 1,588 fathoms, proving much the
‘most interesting haul of the cruise; stations 3343 to 3352 were off the
coasts of Washington, Oregon, and northern California.

Pp

_ Norre.—The writer desires to express here his indebtedness to his colleague, Prof.
'W. W. Thoburn, who rendered very material assistance in preparing this report.

ey 393

AN

. °

394 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

The rich results which invariably followed the use of the trawl at |
depths of 1,000 fathoms and over indicate the direction which future
explorations of the Albatross should take in the Pacific. The shallower ;
waters and moderate depths of the continental platform have been fairly, |
if not exhaustively, explored; but the slope between the 1,000-fathom
line and oceanic depths is practically unknown. Asalready stated, itis
especially to be regretted that so little work could be done in the deeper -
waters of Bering Sea during the summer of 1890.

The most characteristic feature of the fish fauna of California is the.
extreme abundance and variety of three groups of fishes—the “rock-—
fishes” (Sebastodes), the flounders (including numerous characteristic
genera and species), and the viviparous surf-fishes (Hmbiotocide). All
these are greatly reduced in numbers to the northward, and the fauna of
Bering Sea assumes in consequence a very different appearance. The
“surf-fishes” wholly disappear beforereaching the Aleutian Islands; but
two or three species of rockfish are sparingly present, and the flounders-
are diminished in numbers and represented by forms such as Hippoglos-
sus, Atheresthes, Plewronectes, and Limanda, more nearly allied to those
of the North Atlantic than are the predominating species of California,

To replace these lacking forms, we have at the north large additions
to the families Cottide, Agonide, Liparidida, and Blenntide, those added
being again close affines of North Atlantic species, with which many of
them have, indeed, been considered identical. One of the most inter-
esting results of the present investigation has been the discovery that
several of these are distinguishable from their North Atlantic repre-
sentatives by small but constant characters. Should these distinctions
be verified, it will indicate that the icy seas of the Arctic have long been
a barrier to the passage of these species. Of the marine fishes collected
the following only are now considered by us common to the two oceans:
| Pholis fasciatus.

Sticheus punctatus.
Leptoclinus maculatus.

Mallotus villosus.
Pygosteus pungitius.
Icelus bicornis.

| Leptoblennius nubilus.
Gymunelis viridis.
Hippoglossus hippoglossus.
A reduction in this list may be expected when adequate series from
both oceans can be brought together for comparison.
The following species are here described as new:

Raja abyssicola. Elanura forficata. Liparis cyclostigma.

Raja aleutica.
Bathylagus borealis.
Sebastolobus altivelis.
Icelus vicinalis.
Teelus canaliculatus.
Icelus spiniger.
Icelinus borealis.
Artediellus pacifieus.
Cottus aleuticus.
Acanthocottus sellaris.
Acanthocottus laticeps.
Acanthocottus profun-
dorum.
Triglops beani.
Triglops scepticus.
Triglops xenostethus.
ELANURA, new genus.

Oligocottus acuticeps.
Paricelinus thoburni.
Aspidophoroides bartoni.

Odontopyxis leptorhynechus.

Odontopyxis frenatus.
Xenochirus alascanus.
Paraliparis holomelas.
Paraliparis ulochir.
Careproctus ectenes.
Careproctus colletti.
Careproctus phasma.
Careproctus ostentum.
Careproctus simus.
GYRINICHTHYS, n. gen.

Gyrinichthys minytremus.

RHINOLIPARIS, new genus

| Rhinoliparis barbulifer.

Liparis fucensis.
BATHYPHASMA, new genus.
Bathyphasma ovigerum.
L®ETHOTREMUS, new genus.
Lethotremnus muticus.
Leptoblennius mackayi.
LYCONECTES, new genus.
Lyconectes aleutensis.
Lycodes palearis.
Lycodapus extensus.
Lycodapus parviceps.
DEREPODICHTHYS, n. gen.
Derepodichthys alepidotus.
Nematonurus cyclolepis

| Chalinura filifera.
' Limanda proboscidea.

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 395

, Family HEPTATREMIDA. The Borers.

| 1. Polistotrema stouti (Lockington).

4 Numerously represented from stations 3343 Seger ed Cape Flattery, Washington,
| 516 fathoms) , 3348 and 3350 (near Point Arena, Cal.; 455 and 75 fathoms). The species

was not taken in Alaska.

a Family PETROMYZONIDA. The Lampreys.

} 2. Entosphenus tridentatus (Gairdner).

' Aspecimen, 11 inches long, presented by the Alaska C ommereial Company, had

| been taken in one of the small streams of Unalaska Island. It appears not to differ

| from specimens taken in Monterey Bay, California, with which we have compared it.

|

(
| 3. Raja parmifera Bean.

The most abundant of the five species which were taken in Alaskan waters.

Eleven specimens in all were secured, distributed among 10 dredging stations in
Bristol Bay (8252, 3259, 3267, 3270, 3272, 3281, 3282, 3292, 3293, 3310, and 3313), the depth
| ranging from 16 to 68 fathoms.
| The specimen from station 3270, a female, showed the following characters:
Uniform dark olive-brown above, without distinct lighter areas; lower side white,

the posterior margins of the disk blackish.
- Width of mouth 1% times in its distance from tip of snout; the latter distance half
greatest rostral width.. Teeth, 30-24. A series of 30 large spines (24, 28, 28 in three
other specimens) on median line of back, the anterior one over middle of branchial
region, two of the series occupying the space between the dorsal fins. A single

‘strong spine on each shoulder (two of these in most specimens). Prickles on disk

comparatively very coarse, with conspicuously stellate bases, not crowded, arranged
in somewhat definite areas. “A scattered group on terminal half of snout (in other
individuals not always recognizable); a patch on anterior and one on posterior por-
tion of orbital rim connected by a line of smaller prickles; a band along the anterior
and one along the posterior borders of pectoral fins, the two usually not continuous
at the angles; ventral fins with smaller prickles. A well-defined band along each
side of median line, continued backwards as conspicuous lateral bands on tail, along
the middle of which they increase in size, becoming spines. Both dorsals prickly.

A small patch of minute prickles on under side of snout (not present in all speci-

mens). The disk is otherwise smooth.

In the male specimen from station 3282, the armature is essentially as described
above, the prickles being smaller, and the lateral series on tail scarcely enlarged.
A band of prickles covers all of the angle of pectorals inside the band of bucklers.
The snout is naked, except a marginal band, and a patch on tip which extends back-
wards a short distance on median line. A definite patch of stronger prickles on
anterior and one on posterior portion of orbital rim, connected as before by a single
series. Thesespatches of orbital prickles are very different from the single series of
definitely placed orbital spines, characteristic of R. rhina, R. binoculata, and R. inor-
nata. A series of 25 strong spines along median line, a single spine on each shoulder.
Bucklers arranged in 22 series, with 5 in the widest series. The dorsal bands of

prickles do not reach the shoulder. Color, light brown, a single pale spot as large
as eye at base of each pectoral fin, without definite margins, and not ocellated.

A young female, 205 mm. long, from station 3315, is brown, with scattered, ill-
defined black spots, of which two are larger and occupy the position at base of pec-
torals in which the ocellated spots of other species are found. A pair of round white
spots, without darker border on base of pectorals more posteriorly; a pair of smaller

light spots on tail at end of basal fourth. Prickles coarse, covering all of disk and

tail, except a roundish area on each side of median line, above the branchial region.

Family RAJIDA. The Skates.

Se

ie

396 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

No true spines on orbital rim; the latter in common witk the whole interorbital
area covered with coarse prickles. Median row of spines fully developed and strong,
as are also the two scapular spines. The prickles are arranged in quite regular series,
those laterally following the rays, those mesially parallel with dorsal row of spines.

This species seems to be confined to Alaskan waters. Among Pacific species it is
most nearly related to R. stellulata and Rk. trachura, agreeing with both in the wide
rostral angle, the rather uniform coloration, and the absence of the definitely placed
orbital spines characteristic of other species.

4. Raja stellulata Jordan & Gilbert.

Obtained in Unimak Pass, Bristol Bay, and along the northern shores of Unalaska
Island, in depths of 42 to 70 fathoms (stations 3217, 3255, 3258, 3310, and 3312). This
species seems to have the most extensive range of any of our Pacific skates from
shallow water. We find no difference between these specimens and others from the
Santa Barbara Channel, California.

The species does not apparently reach a very largesize. A male specimen, 600 mm.
in total length, is mature, with claspers 150 mm. long, and the pectoral hooks fully
developed. The latter are in 22 series, with 5 hooks in the widest series. The young
show a very similar armature to the adults. At no stage is there a trace of orbital
spines, the row of orbital prickles being in the young scarcely differentiated from the
interorbital band. Inayoung male, 200 mm. long, the seriesof median spines on back
and tail is strongly developed, and the spines are uniform in size, the two anterior ones
separated by an interspace from the third. The two scapular spines are also strong,
In older specimens the spines on middle of back diminish in size, the anterior three
remaining strong. In some old specimens these reduced spines have entirely disap-
peared, the median series then appearing to begin over the front of base of ventrals.
The color is much asin &. parmifera, being brownish, with scattered ill-defined dusky
spots. In the young we find at base of pectoral fins a broken dark ring a little larger
than pupil. This does not inclose a light spot, is inconspicuous, and soon disappears.
The light spots at base of posterior third of pectorals, so conspicuous in the young
of R. parmifera, and visible even in older specimens, aré not present in R. stellulata.
The prickles in the latter are smaller and more numerous than in &. parmifera, but
the young resemble each other much more strongly than do the adults of the two
species. In neither are prickles developed on the under surface, if we except a small
patch near tip of snout, sometimes present in FR. parmifera.

5. Raja abyssicola sp. nov. (Plate 20.)

A single large male specimen taken near Queen Charlotte Island, station 3542,
depth 1,588 fathoms, the greatest depth recorded for any species of skate-

As in other deep-sea species of Raja, both the upper and under parts are uniform
brown in color, the upper surface obscurely marked anteriorly with very small but
definitely margined spots of darker brown. Both upper and lower surfaces are
covered with long close-set slender bristle-like spines, which are flexible and give a
velvety texture to the skin. The extreme anterior margin and a wide strip along
posterior margin of disk, the ocular region, the greater part of the upper surface of
ventrals and of the basal two-thirds of the under side of the tail, alone naked. No
large spines or prickles on orbital rim. A band of enlarged prickles on each side of
tail. An uninterrupted series of 24 largespines with very broad bases extends along
median line of tail to opposite front of ventrals. After an interruption, it reappears
in a series of 3 spines on middle of back. A single spine between dorsal fins. Pec-
toral hooks very weakly and irregularly developed. They are usually interradial in
position, have at most 3 or 4 in a series, and develop irregularly, the spines being
sometimes directed backwards instead of inwards. They are not arranged in definite
lengthwise series. Some of them remain permanently in an undeveloped condition
as elongate soft papill, and the gaps in the series indicate the total disappearance
of others.

|
:

Report U. S. F. C. 1893.

Ichthyological Collections. (To face page 396.)

RAJA ABYSSICOLA sp. nov.

PLaTe 20.

: re
“a Pe a
a _ ale ~

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 397

Disk very broad, the outer angles of pectorals behind its middle. Anterior profile
“convex opposite the orbits, strongly concave both in front of and behind this region.
Interorbital space deeply concave, the cranial cartilage apparently thin and weak.
:. 31-31. Claspers very long and slender, dilated distally, everywhere so readily

exible as to be easily bent at an acute angle. A wide lateral fold along either side
f tail. Dorsals very high and near together; caudal fold but little higher than the
lateral ones, with which it becomes confluent at tip of tail.

_ The following table of measurements in millimeters will give the proportions of the

type :

Greatest width of disk....... Scan MeTaaCRee OF 730 | Distance from tip of snout to front of eye.... 185
Meidth at front of eyes ...-.....--...--....... 185 | Distance between eyes........---.----.------- 60
| Tip of snout to axil of pectoral...........---- OOH Width Ot spiracles +S.) /Jose. leases cee eeee ee 33
| Axil of pectoral to axil of ventral............ 125), AMeLST Of: OVO. o. = -.6-408 2 adeseuee ese aeek oe 33

fixil of ventral to tip of tail.................. 655 | Distance from snout to front of upper jaw--.. 190

Origin of first dorsal to tip of tail...........- 148 | Distance from snout to nostril. ....-......---. 158
ETE TG CT ee eee 48 | Distance between outer edges of nasa] flaps.. 103

Oblique height of first dorsal..........-...-.-- dor Width Ot Mouths. +52 eee se edness 105
(Distance between dorsals..-.......-....---.-- 13 | Distance from snout to first branchial slit.... 310
Imease of second dorsal ..-.............-.------ 46 | Distance from first to fifth slits.............-- 112
Beano thiot claspers)- = +... 5.) -.2.2..060-2-25. 255 | Distance between inner edges of first slits... 212
| Distance from tip of snout to outer pectoral Distance between inner edges of fifth slits... 133

TS oe eeecosecinceepocnps: pbeee seererbepoes 555 | Distance from snout to vent................-- 610

| 6. Raja aleutica sp. nov. (Plate 21.)

_ Asingle young male specimen, 835 mm. long, from station 3257, north of Sannak
| Pass, Aleutian Islands; taken at a depth of 81 fathoms.

; Closely related to &. stellulata and Rf. parmifera, but reaching a much larger size than
either, and having the disk everywhere uniformly covered above with very fine close-
set stellate prickles very much finer and more numerous than in either species. The
species agrees with RF. parmifera and differs from R. stellulata in having the median
‘spines in an uninterrupted series. They are 34 in number and extend from just
‘behind the occiput to the dorsal fin. Two strong spines on the shoulder; orbital
‘rim without spines or enlarged prickles; a wide band of coarser prickles on each
side of tail; the extreme margin of disk and the greater part of ventral fins naked;
under parts without spines or prickles.

The disk is not so wide as in R. stellulata, and the snout is longer and narrower.

The anterior margin is gently concave toward outer angle and gently convex in front,
| the rostral angle being about 90°, the extreme tip forming a slightly projecting
‘rounded lobe. The cranium is abruptly constricted in front of nostrils, as in 2.
' abyssicola, leaving a slender flexible cartilaginous rod extending to tip of snout. In
{the present species the space between the rostral cartilage and the base of the
| rostral portion of pectoral fin is membranous and lighter in color than the rest of the
(disk. Interorbital space deeply concave, its width 34 in length of snout, the latter
/ 2% in distance from tip of snout to axil of pectorals. Spiracles narrow, $ diameter
‘ofeye. Distance from tip of snout to front of mouth 2% in distance from tip of snout
(to vent; the latter equals the length of tail. Teeth 33. Claspers not reaching
(margin of ventrals; pectoral hooks not developed. Color, brown above, with large,
‘obscure, dusky blotches; white below; the edges of disk, the anal area, and the
under side of the tail brown.

This species evidently reaches a very large size. The following is a description of
-aspecimen 4 feet across, taken at station 3223, and supposed to belong to the same

species. The specimen was too large for preservation.

Snout long but very broad, thus appearing short and blunt, asin R. stellulata, the
‘rostral angle bemg about 100°, the extreme tip of snout projecting. Anterior
‘lateral profile of disk convex, becoming strongly concave posteriorly near angle.
‘Interorbital width (of cartilage) one-third length of snout measured from its tip to
‘aline joining front of orbits. Interorbital area strongly concave. Eye a trifle less
| than length of spiracle, one-half interorbital width. No elevated supraocular rim.
“Length of snout (as above defined) a trifle more than half its greatest width.

H :

398 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Prickles small, uniform, entirely covering upper surface, including fins and tail,
excepting only the base of ventrals, which are nearly smooth. Nospines or enlarged
prickles above orbits. An elongate patch of slightly enlarged prickles in front of
each eye, the two converging forward, separated from orbit posteriorly by two-
thirds diameter of eye. Prickles somewhat enlarged toward tip of snout, not
spine-like. The median row of spines on back begins immediately behind occiput,
continues without interruption to dorsal, and contains 39 spines in addition to the
2 between dorsal fins. A narrow band of slightly enlarged prickles on each side of
tail. Dorsal fins uniformly prickly. Bucklers on pectorals in 26 rows, 6 or 7 in’
broadest row. Two or three enlarged spines on shoulder.

Entire under surface of snout and a band extending along most of anterior edge
of disk prickly. Under surface of pectorals otherwise smooth. Belly smooth. An
area immediately in front of vent minutely prickly, as is also the thoracic region.
Lower side of tail prickly except at base. Ventrals smooth below.

Width of disk slightly less than distance from tip of tail to shoulder, 14 times its
own length. Length of tail equaling distance from its root to middle of snout. ,
Teeth $5. Dorsals high, about equal in size, their oblique height equaling length of’
base, which is one-third greater than interspace. Claspers long, smooth.

Dusky olive, with ill-detined light areas; no ocellated spots. Below white; an.
elongate brown blotch on each side of snout, and a smaller median streak. Lower
side of tail brownish dusky. Angle and posterior margin of disk below broadly |
edged with brown. A large brownish blotch about anus, and some smaller scattered |
marks. |

|

7. Raja trachura Gilbert.

A second specimen of this interesting deep-sea ray was dredged at station 3338,
south of the Shumagin Islands, Alaska, at a depth of 625 fathoms. ‘The specimen isa
female, 222 mm. long, and answers well to the description of the type.

Family CHIMAjRIDZ.

8. Hydrolagus colliei (Bennett). Ratfish; Hlephant-fish.
Station 3350, near Point Reyes, Cal.; depth, 75 fathoms.

Family CLUPHIDA. The Herrings.

9. Clupea pallasi Cuvier & Valenciennes. California Herring.
Clupea mirabilis Girard.

This herring was seen in Departure Bay, Vancouver Island, May 10 to 13; in
Unalaska Harbor June 16 and July 31, and in Herendeen Bay, Alaska Peninsula,
July 5. In Departure Bay they were swimming in schools about the wharves and
ships. It was noticed that when not disturbed all would swim slowly in the same
direction with the gill-covers widely open and rigidly set, their oblique silvery
surfaces giving bright reflections and rendering the fish very conspicuous when seen
from above. If suddenly alarmed, the gill-covers of all were simultaneously closed
down, and remained so during whatever rapid maneuvers followed. In this condi-
tion it was very difficult to follow their movements. Young salmon were feeding
upon them at the time of our visit. In Unalaska Harbor they were present in great
numbers the middle of June, but were not seen May 24, at the time of our first visit.
They were very large and in excellent condition, and seemed superior to the same
species when taken on the California coast.

Report U. S. F. C. 1893. Ichthyological Collections. (To face page 398.) PLATE 21.

2

oO) 10' 9716) '9 So jo

RAJA ALEUTICA sp. nov.

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

OF THE ALBATROSS. 399

Pamily MYCTOPHIDA. The Lantern Fishes.

‘To. Diaphus theta Figenmann & Kigenmann.
: Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1890, 52.

Five specimens from station 3348, taken off the coast of California near Point
Arena, Humboldt County, at a depth of 455 fathoms. These are identical with the
types of M, protoculus, and are in sufficiently good state of preservation to show the
‘division of the luminous spots, a character not visible in the types of M. protoculus.
It is obvious that the spots are divided into upper and lower halves, which are
structurally different, the narrow pigment band indicating this separation on the
surface. The species is now known from the above locality, from Albatross station
3072 (off the coast of Washington, 584 fathoms), and from the mouths of Sebastodes
caught near San Diego, Cal.

_ The specimens before us show great variation in the size of the subocular
luminous blotch, and indicate how little dependence can be placed on this as a
specific character. In addition to the roundish supra-nasal spot described by Eigen-
‘mann, the species possesses a more or less developed subocular bar. In one specimen
the latter is a bare line with a minute point separated from it posteriorly. In others
it is wider, in extreme specimens reaching one-third the diameter of the pupil. There
Temains constantly separated from it the small dot already referred to. A peculiar
‘soft flattish body, half as large as pupil, is attached by one edge to the shoulder
‘girdle just above the insertion of the pectoral fin, the other edge remaining free. It
is constantly present and uniform in position in all specimens that have come under
our observation, including types of D. theta and M. protoculus. It may be a luminous
organ, though it has not strikingly the appearance of one, and its nature must be
considered problematical. ;

Myclophum protoculus Gilbert.

{11. Nannobrachium lJeucopsarum Higenmann.

Numerous specimens from Alaskan waters agree entirely with those from the type
locality. ‘l'wo very closely related species are found among these northern speci-
mens, and both are also present in the dredgings from the Santa Barbara Channel.
Both of these are found among the types of Myctophum nannochir, and the deserip-
tion of the latter is partly drawn from specimens of each. Such being the case, the
name nannochir becomes available in connection with the second of these forms, to
‘which I shall here restrict it. The two species are extremely close, and immature or
mutilated specimens are often distinguishable with difficulty. The species differ in
‘the following respects:

LEUCOPSARUM.

Caudal peduncle deep, its least depth about half

that of body.
_ Head short, 33 to 33 in length.

Maxillary shorter, the cheek wider, less taper-
ing posteriorly.

Luminous patches above and below tail occu-
pying the whole length of caudal peduncle, in
‘Tare cases somewhat shortened.

Color lighter, the opercle usually with silvery
luster, the iris with silvery pigment, and the fins
lighter.

Antro-anal spots usually 6.

Ventral spots 4.

NANNOCHIR.

Caudal peduncle long and slender, its least
depth two-fifths to one-third that of body.

Head longer, 3} to 32 in length.

Maxillary long, the preoperele very obliquely
placed, thecheek long, tapering to an acute angle
posteriorly.

Luminous patches on tail short, usually oeccu-
pying from one-fourth to one-third length of
caudal peduncle, rarely longer than this.

Color darker, the opercle black, the iris usually
without silvery and the fins uniformly black.

Antro-anal spots usually 7. Ventral spots
usually 5.

Specimens of N. leucopsarum were taken at stations 3227, 3307, 3308, 3325, 3329,

8343, and 3348.

The first five mentioned were in Bering Sea, north of Unalaska

‘Island, at depths of 225 to 1,625 fathoms; the last two from off the coasts of
‘Washington and California, depths 516 and 455 fathoms,

- >

400 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

12. Nannobrachium nannochir Gilbert.
The present status of this species and its distinctive characters have been dis-—
cussed under the preceding form. The correlated differences are so constant in or
specimens that they can not be ignored, yet are small in amount. They depend
neither on age nor sex. From among the original type specimens I select as specific
type No. 1459 of the Leland Stanford Junior University Museum, from station 3072.
Specimens in the present collection from stations 3211, 3307, 3308, 3327, 3329, 3338,
3340, 3342, and 3348, including the entire North Pacific ane Bering Sea, at depend of
313 to 1,625 fathoms. |

Family ARGENTINIDA. The Smelts.

13. Mallotus villosus (Miiller). Capelin.
Dredged in shallow water at three stations in Bristol Bay, Alaska; 3235, 3238, and
3240, depths 11 to 18 fathoms.

14. Thaleichthys pacificus Richardson. Hulachon; Candle-fish.
A single fine specimen of the candle-fish was taken near the mouth of the Nushagell
River, June 3, 1890.

15. Osmerus dentex Steindachner. Rainbow Herring.

Occurs abundantly in the Naknek and Nushagak rivers, and forms an important
part of the food supply of the natives. At the time of our visit (June 1-3) it was
running rather sparingly. Specimens were secured with the seine in both of the
above-mentioned rivers, and in the trawl at station 3231, in Bristol Bay, depth 12
fathoms.

16, Osmerus thaleichthys Ayres.

Several young specimens, probably to be referred to this species, were taken in
the Nushagak River nearits mouth. They exhibit the characteristic weak dentition
of this form, the teeth being barely perceptible on jaws, vomer, and tongue. The
scales number 55 and 58 in the course of the lateral line, and the anal rays 14 and 16.
The maxillary is short, scarcely reaching to below middle of eye. 0. thaleichthys has
not been previously reported from Alaska.

17. Leuroglossus stilbius Gilbert.

One specimen from station 3330, off the northern shore of Unalaska Island, at the
depth of 351 fathoms, and several mutilated examples taken from the stomach of a
Macrurus at station 3332, in 406 fathoms. The largest of these is 120 mm. long.

Family SALMONID A.

18. Coregonus laurettz Bean.

A young individual, 125 mm. long, was taken at the mouth of the Nushagak River,
June 3. The lower jaw is very slightly longer than the upper; the eye is of mod-
erate size, 44 in head; the scales are rather large in size, 84 being present along the
lateral line; and the gill-rakers are long and numerous, 25 present on horizontal
limb. A similar specimen was taken in the Naknek River (scales 87).

19. Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum). Humpback Salmon.

The humpback salmon was seen by us at Port Méller, on the northern side of the
Alaskan peninsula, duriug two visits which included the first two weeks and the last
week of July. During the first part of this month they were running in small num-
bers, and as a few scattering ones only had been taken at Unalaska up to June 16, it
is safe to indicate the Ist of July as the beginning of their appearance on that part
of the coast. inthe early part of their run they proved a very acceptable table
fish, but later they rapidly deteriorated. On our return to Unalaska, July 31, we
learned that they had been running for several weeks, and during several visits in
the month of August they were found in incredible numbers crowding into the

} ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 401

mouth of the small stream which flows into Captain’s Harbor. Both pools and
_ shallows seemed full of them, and large numbers were dying within a few hundred
_ yards of the beach. The spawning season appeared to begin early in August.

20. Oncorhynchus tschawytscha (Walbaum). Chinook Salmon; Quinnat Salmon;
King Salmon.

While coaling at Departure Bay, Vancouver Island, May 10-13, young individuals
of this species were seen feeding on the herring (Clupea pallasi), and a number were
taken on the trolling line. They were present in company with O. nerka. The latter
could always be distinguished on the table by its much redder and drier flesh, and
will not, as a food-fish, bear comparison with O. tschawytscha of the same size. At
Unalaska, May 24-27, the run had hardly begun, though a few individuals were
seen. A small pond near the stream which flows into the head of Captain’s Harbor
was full of young salmon of this species, from 2 to 5 inches long, which took the fly
greedily. June 3, at the mouth of the Nushagak River, Bristol Bay, an occasional
individual was taken. A small run had come into the river a short time before our
visit. On June 16 the ‘king salmon” were running abundantly at Unalaska, but
they were not seen on later visits at this point or at Port Méller. It is worthy of
note that their period of greatest abundance coincided in time with that of the
herring, and their approach to the coast may be determined by the movements of the
latter. Their annual appearance in large numbers in Monterey Bay, California,
seems to be dependent on the run of anchovies (Engraulis mordaz).

21. Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum). Silver Salmon.

A few individuals of this species were taken at Unalaska May 24-27. It was, as
a food-fish, inferior to O. nerka and O. tschawytscha. Two young specimens were
seined at Unalaska June 16, the smaller of which, 190 mm. long, shows very con-
spicuous parr-marks, These have disappeared in the larger specimen, 225 mm. long,
which has also assumed more the proportions and appearance of the adult. In this
specimen the spots are more distinct than in the adults, being large, well defined,
and close-set on head, back, and dorsal fin, and the caudal fin is very indistinctly
marked, the faint spots being confined to the outer ray of both lobes. It is a male,
with the testes so well developed as to make it very probable that it would have
sought the spawning-grounds within a few months. Three smaller specimens were
taken in Herendeen Bay July 5. The smallest of these is 145 mm., the largest 185
mm.long. The distal half of the dorsal fin is black, with the exception of the last

_two rays, which are entirely white.

22. Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum). Blueback Salmon; Red Salmon.

This species appeared constantly associated with the king salmon. It was taken
by trolling in Departure Bay, Vancouver Island, May 10 to 13, was seined in small
numbers at Unalaska May 24 to 27, and was abundant at Unalaska June 16. It
had not begun to run at Nushagak June 3, but the young with parr-marks still
evident, ranging in size from 95 to 115 mm., were very abundant. The young
were doubtless at that time descending the rivers to the sea, and were probably
about 20 months old. On July 5 young specimens averaging slightly larger than
the above were taken in salt water at Herendeen Bay, Alaskan Peninsula. These
range from 120 to 130 mm. in total length; the color is deeper and less silvery than in
the Nushagak specimens, and the parr-marks have almost wholly disappeared. The
stomachs are full of copepod crustacea, apparently all of one species. The differ-
ence in size between the specimens from Herendeen Bay and those from Nushagak
may indicate the average amount of growth of the former since reaching salt water.
The specimens from Nushagak contained in their stomachs remains of insects and
of marine crustacea. They had probably been playing back and forth on the tides.

The young of O. nerka are the most slender of all the salmon. They are wholly
without spots or freckles on body or fins. The dorsal and anal fins are without pro-

F. R. 93 26

402 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

longed rays or conspicuous color marking. The dorsal fin has a median black bloteh )
and the caudal is slightly dusky on posterior half.

23. Salvelinus malma (Walbaum). Dolly Varden Trout.

The Dolly Varden trout was found to be very abundant in the neighborhood of
Unalaska, sea-run individuals congregating in great numbers at the mouths and inthe
lower course of streams when the salmon were running in to spawn. A small stream
entering Captain’s Harbor, Unalaska Island, has a series of impassable cascades_
aggregating several hundred feet in height. Above these falls the trout are very
abundant, but are dwarfed in size and remarkably brilliant in coloration. They
seem to reach no larger size than 8 inches. The largest individual seen during
the season was captured in Makushin Bay, Unalaska Island, August 17. It was 24
inches long, with a depth of 6 inches, and weighed 6 pounds. The species was also
seined in salt water in Chernoffski Harbor, Unalaska Island.

The black-spotted trout (Salmo mykiss), reported by Dr. Bean, from Unalaska, was
not seen by us. Its occurrence there must be exceptional.

Family MICROSTOMID4.

24. Bathylagus borealis sp. nov.

A single specimen, 132 mm. long to base of caudal, from station 3327 (north of
Unalaska Island, depth 322 fathoms), is taken for the type. A second specimen from
the same region, station 3325, depth 284 fathoms.

Head 4,1; to base of caudal, depth 52, eye 24 in head, snout 22 in eye. Interor)bital
width grooved, the groove widening posteriorly, opening onto the flat occipital
region, which is not swollen. Width of cartilaginous portion of interorbital space
one-third orbit; including the thin membranous plates which overarch the orbits,
the interorbital width is three-fourths orbit. The anterior profile of snout declines
gently, bringing the mesial portion of premaxillaries on a level with lower margin
of pupil. Distance from tip of snout to end of maxillary slightly exceeding
length of snout, 24 in orbit. Opercle with two strong ridges diverging downwards
and backwards from hehind the eye.

Front of dorsal midway between front of snout and adipose fin. Base of dorsal
contained 34 times in length of head. Ventrals inserted under posterior portion of
dorsal. Free portion of adipose fin very long and narrow, rising above the base of
the second and third anal rays before the last, its tip reaching rudimentary caudal
rays when depressed. Anal fin rather long, the base 1? in head, the vent immediately
before it. Length of tail much exceeding head, 3? in total length without caudal.
Dorsal 8; anal 19; ventral 8; pectoral 8. Scales in about 40 rows, judging from the
scars. Head scaleless.

Uniform blackish-brown on sides, the head and ventral region blue-black.

Differing from B. pacificus in its much greater depth, longer tail, longer anal fin,
and flat occiput.

Family CHAULIODONTIDA. The Viper Fishes.

25. Chauliodus macouni Bean.

Two specimens were secured, one at station 3340, south of the Alaskan Peninsula,
at a depth of 695 fathoms; another at station 3347, off the northern coast of Oregon,
at a depth of 345 fathoms. It is not evident in what respects the Pacific form differs
from C. sloani of the Atlantic, but as no specimens of the latter are at hand for
comparison we follow Dr. Bean in holding them distinct.

26. Cyclothone microdon (Giinther).
Taken in Bering Sea, southwest of the Pribilof islands, at stations 3307 and 3308;
depths 1,033 and 1,625 fathoms.

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 403

Family DALLIIDA.

27. Dallia pectoralis Bean. Alaska Blackfish.

- The blackfish is abundant along the Nushagak River, and there as elsewhere it is
' an important source of food to the natives. Specimens were presented to us by Mr.
' Clark, proprietor of the station at Nushagak, The characters assigned by Dr. Gill
-- to his order Xenomi, of which Dallia is the sole representative, seem to need some
modifications. The group is thus defined by him:
‘‘Teleosts with the scapular arch free from the cranium laterally and only abutting
on it behind, coracoids represented by a simple cartilaginous plate without devel-
oped actinosts, and with the intermaxillary and supramaxillary bones coalescent.”

The last of these three characters we have not been able to verify, as the premax-
illa, while lying closely appressed to the maxilla, is readily separated from it, the
_ two being in no sense ‘‘ coalescent.” The expression ‘‘scapular arch free from the

- eranium laterally” refers to the simple nature of the post-temporal, which is attached
as usual to the epiotic, but seems at first sight to lack entirely the inner fork to join

the parotic process of the cranium. Closer examination shows, however, that a

_ strong ligament replaces the lacking arm, and answers to it in all its relations. We
find, furthermore, that while in some specimens it retains its ligamentous condition
_ the entire distance between the opisthotic and the simple post-temporal, in others the

_ proximal portion of the ligament is more or less ossified, the bony rod thus formed
_ being an integral part of the post-temporal and representing the proximal portion
of the missing fork. As stated, this ossification invades the ligament to a varying
_ extent in different specimens. In at least two which have come under our observa-
_ tion, the fork of the post-temporal thus formed has extended almost the entire dis-
_ tance across to the opisthotic, the shape and relations of the bone being then entirely
_normaland usual. It is evident that this character is not of high taxonomic value,

and would not of itself warrant any very wide separation of Dallia from what were
at first considered to be its nearest relatives.

The case is different, however, when we come to examine the coracoid portion of
the shoulder girdle. As stated by Dr. Gill, we deal here with a cartilaginous plate
in which no ossifications occur, and which is followed immediately by the fin rays,
without the intervention of actinosts. This coracoid cartilage is an extremely thin
and delicate imperforate lamina, usually exhibiting very distinct division into upper
and lower halves, which may be taken to represent the hypo- and hyper-coracoid
élements. In its distal third the plate begins to break up, by longitudinal sub-
division, into a fringe of narrow cartilaginous strips. These approximately equal
in number the pectoral rays, and join the latter directly, the basal portion of each
pectoral ray forking slightly to receive the tip of the cartilaginous strip.

In the deep-sea spiny eels of the genus Notacanthus there is a somewhat similar
condition of the coracoid elements, inasmuch as the hypo- and the hyper-coracoid
though present, are merely shell-like rudiments surrounded by cartilage, and the
actinosts are greatly reduced. It seems probable that we are dealing in the two
cases with independent degenerations of the shoulder girdle, and that the two groups
are not really related.

as

i

Family SYNAPHOBRANCHIDZ.

28. Histiobranchus bathybius (Giinther).

A specimen 575 mm. long, from station 3308 in Bering Sea, depth 1,625 fathoms,
The color is light brown, darker on head and belly, and on the fins. The depth at
vent is 42 mm., the distance of vent from snout 255 mm., the length of the head

_ 59 mm., and length of pectoral fin 17mm. The vomerine teeth are in an irregular,
_ rather narrow band, reaching posteriorly to opposite hinder margin of orbit.

404 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Family NOTACANTHIDA.

29. Macdonaldia challengeri (Vaillant).
Notacanthus rissoanus Giiuther, Challenger Report, vol. xx11, p. 250, pl. LX1,
fig. B; not of Filippi and Verani.

Vaillant was perfectly justified in separating this Pacific form from the Mediter-
ranean NV. rissoanus, with which Giinther had identified it. The lower, heavier spines
in both dorsal and anal fins, the more anterior origin of the dorsal, which is a little in
advance of base of pectorals, the very short robust ventral spine, and the lower
insertion of the pectoral fin sufficiently distinguish the species, in addition to the
peculiarities in the shape of the snout and the greatly increased number of anal
spines, to which Vaillant calls attention.

The Albatross dredged a single specimen, 500 mm. long, at station 3308, west of
Pribilof Islands in Bering Sea, at a depth of 1,625 fathoms. Giinther’s description,
above cited, of a fish taken south of Yeddo at a depth of 1,875 fathoms, agrees so well
with our specimen that no doubt can exist of their identity. The maxillary spine,
not shown in Giinther’s figure, is very evident in our specimen. The branchiostegal
rays are distinctly 6 instead of 5 in number, and the caudal contains 5 instead of 6
rays. There are 35 dorsal spines. The anal spines pass so gradually into the rays
that they are distinguishable with difficulty. Definite articulations appear before
the rays have lost their spinous character, while still stiff and pungent. Dividing
them on the basis of these articulations, the anal fin contains 27 spines and about
153 soft rays.

Family GASTEROSTEIDA. The Sticklebacks.

30. Pygosteus pungitius (Linneus).

Several specimens were secured from the vicinity of Nushagak, one from the
Naknek River, and another from the nest of a sea bird on Round Island, of the Wal-
rus Island group, all in Bristol Bay. None of our specimens shows the short ventral
spines ascribed to P. pungitius brachypoda, their length being in every case 21 to 22%
length of head. Brachypoda was originally described by Dr. Bean from Greenland,
and has been given in his recent lists as the common form of Alaska. Awaiting
further information, we refer our specimens rather to typical pungitius.

31. Gasterosteus cataphractus (fallas).
Abundant at Departure Bay, Vancouver Island, May 10-13.

Pamily AMMODYTIDA.

32. Ammodytes personatus Girard. Sand Lance.
Unalaska, Chernoffski, Herendeen Bay, Hagemeister Island, and generally in
shallow water. It forms an important element in the food of the codfish.

Family BERYCIDA.

33. Melamphaes lugubris Gilbert.
One specimen from north of Unalaska, station 3327, depth 322 fathoms.

Family BATHYMASTERIDA.

34. Bathymaster signatus Cope.

Taken very abundantly in our series of shallow-water dredgings along the southern
shore of the Alaskan Peninsula, northward through Unimak Pass and north of
Unalaska. The stations at which it was obtained are numbered 3211, 3212, 3213,
3214, 3215, 3217, 3220, 3222, 3223, and 3319; the depths range from 34 to 56 fathoms.
In addition, a very few small specimens were secured at stations 3262, 3309, 3321, and

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. A405 |

3333, north of the Aleutian Islands, in depths of 19 to 71 fathoms; but the species is
* evidently not abundant in Bering Sea. No examples were taken in any of the very
- numerous dredgings made in Bristol Bay.
In life the sides are olive-brown, and the upper parts show faint traces of 6 or 7
_ broad dusky crossbars, which correspond to or alternate with an equal number
below the lateral line. The anal and ventral fins, the branchiostegal and gular
- membranes, the lower pectoral rays, and the snout are blue-black. Anterior edge
_ of orbit and front edge of preorbital light yellow. The pores on edge of preopercle,
_ two pores above and behind maxillary, and three at upper edge of opercle, bright
searlet. A large black blotch on anterior dorsal rays. Distal half of anterior
portion of dorsal fin and upper pectoral rays yellow.

The outer ventral ray is single and inarticulate, followed by five branched rays.
Only the first two dorsal rays are spinous, being soft and flexible, but unjointed. The
third and all following rays are jointed and forked. All the anal rays are jointed.

A specimen from station 3211, 35 mm. in length to base of caudal, shows that the
ventrals occupy very different positions in adults and in young. In the latter they
are truly thoracic in position and are inserted as much behind base of pectorals as
they are located in advance of this point in adults. A specimen 65 mm. long is
entirely similar to adults in this respect.

35. Bathymaster jordani Gilbert.

A single small specimen, agreeing perfectly with the description of the types, from
Bristol Bay, station 3262, depth 43 fathoms. The species has been heretofore
reported only from Puget Sound and from Wrangell, Alaska, and the present record
forms a notable extension of its range. It can be distinguished at sight from
B. signatus, the common Alaskan form, by its slender body, scaly cheeks, and the
enlarged scales of the lateral line.

Family CHIRIDZ.

36. Pleurogrammus monopterygius (Pallas).

A single specimen of the Atka mackerel, which had been taken several years before
in the harbor at Unalaska, was presented by the Alaska Commercial Company. The
species is almost unknown at Unalaska.

37. Hexagrammus ordinatus Cope.

This species is closely related to H. asper, the dorsal being continuous but well
notched at union of soft and spinous portions, the scales ctenoid throughout except
on under parts of body, and the cheeks and opercles partly naked. The two species
differ conspicuously in shape, color, and fin formule.

H. asper is very slender in shape, tapering rapidly from below front of spinous
dorsal backward to the very slender caudal peduncle. In H. ordinatus the depth is
greater and diminishes very slowly backward, the body tapering gradually into a
high compressed caudal peduncle. The vertical height of caudal peduncle equals
distance from tip of snout to or beyond middle of eye in H. ordinatus, while the same
measurement is less than length of snout in H. asper. In H. ordinatus the snout is
shorter and more bluntly rounded, the eye smaller, the mouth smaller, and the cheeks
shorter and wider. The squamation is also more complete, the cheeks being entirely
invested, except for the area immediately overlying the suborbital stay. The snout
and the lower side of the head, including the interopercles, are also devoid of scales.
The breast is covered with scales which have no spinous points, and the same is true
of the ventral scales in adults, but the body is otherwise invested with strongly
ctenoid scales, which extend well upon the bases of the fins, the caudal fin being
covered to behind its middle.

The upper line of mucous pores is well developed, reaching to opposite middle of
soft dorsal. Anteriorly the two lines converge, typically meeting at a point just

406 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

behind occiput. From this point a few pores may continue forward in a straight
line. The fourth line forks above and in advance of the ventral fins, the upper
branch extending for a variable distance on sides of abdomen, the lower very short,

extending directly to base of ventrals. In H. asper, as well as in all other species of —

Hexagrammus, the fourth line is not forked, and bends downward to touch in passing
the base of ventral fins.

In younger specimens a black humeral spot is conspicuous, but this grows less
evident with age.

The spinous portion of the dorsal fin is shorter, and the soft portion, as well the

anal fin, longer than in H. asper. Following are the fin-formule in ten specimens

from Unalaska:

Dorsal. | Anal. Dorsal. Anal. Dorsal. Anal.
eS ules | | |
©) Gp UR 3 sete a ee | 25 | >. ©. .E ers air 24 | ROG Bio sone sateen ey |
[2-107 Cae eee 25 1 (SNATSNen 3 ome ere sae 23 || XX, 23. | 25
SUEX, 2d be. otros D8 || RUE oes ae ea DA | SCR 3 ee es ee 24
Dd) BLEW et na athe 23 |

The last ray of soft dorsal and anal is forked and is counted as one in this table.

The species does not seem to reach as large a size as do other species of the genus.
Of numerous specimens, the largest is 285 mm. long. A female, 225 mm. long, con-
tains fully developed eggs. The species was obtained by seining in the harbor at
Unalaska. It was not seined elsewhere and did not occur in any of the dredge
hauls. ;

38. Hexagrammus asper Steller.

No adults of this species were obtained by dredging, but young specimens were
taken in large numbers in the shallow waters of Bristol Bay at the following sta-
tions: 3228, 3229, 3231, 3232, 3233, 3234, 3239, 3240, 3241, 3243, and 3245, at depths
of from 44} to 144 fathoms. Seining parties brought in the species but once, a
single young specimen and one adult appearing at Unalaska among the prevalent
H. ordinatus. The largest individuals dredged measure about 125 mm. in length,
the adult specimen from Unalaska 345 mm.

The characters of the species seem very constant. The dorsal varies from XXIII,
19 to XXIV, 21; the anal from 23 to 24. In 15 specimens the dorsal formule run as
follows: Xx111, 19; xx11, 19; xxuHI, 20; xxi, 20; xxi, 20; xxi, 20; xx, 20;
XI, 205 XX, 215 xx, 21; xx, 21; xx, 215 xxiv, 20; xxv, 20s)scxtv, 20!

The anal fin shows the following counts in 12 specimens: 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 24,
24, 24, 24, 24, 24.

The body isin young specimens much more slender than in H. ordinatus. It is also
lighter in color, and lacks the round humeral spot present in the latter. The supra-
ocular flap is somewhat smaller, the cheeks are more extensively naked, the eye is
larger, and the mucous canal system less strongly developed. ‘The snout, cheeks,

opercles, and lower side of head are naked, with the exception of a patch of small, —

loosely imbricated scales on the upper posterior part of cheeks and the upper third
of opercles. The dorsal line of pores is very inconspicuous, and terminates in front
of the middle of spinous dorsal. In none of our specimens are there traces of a line
of pores on middle of sides.

The species can be distinguished at once from all others by the slender caudal
peduncle, the shallow notch between dorsals, the fin-formule, the short upper line of
pores which end under anterior half of spinous dorsal, the largely naked cheeks and
opercles, the simple unbranched fourth lateral line, and the extreme roughness of
the scales.

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 407

9. Hexagrammus superciliosus (Pallas).

1 Taken in abundance with the seine at Unalaska and at Makushin and Chernoffski
bays, Unalaska Island. Adults of the species were also dredged at depths of 44 and

| 114 fathoms in Bristol Bay (stations 3244 and 3245).

_ We find the patch of palatine teeth to be an unreliable character, as five speci-
mens out of the nine examined do not exhibit it. The species is well distinguished
' by the depth of the dorsal notch, the comparative smoothness of the scales, and the
large size of the supraocular flap. The upper line of pores extends well back under
‘ base of soft dorsal, and the fourth line is unbranched. The sides of head are scaled,
_ excepting the region over suborbital stay, the snout, and the interopercle.

The normal fin formula seems to be: Dorsal xx1, 23; anal, 22.

7 Family SCORPZAiNIDZ.

40. Sebastodes introniger Gilbert.
_ Several specimens were taken in Bering Sea to the north and west of Unalaska
Island, in depths of 85 to 350 fathoms (stations 3311, 3317, 3324, ana 3331). The
species evidently lives at much greater depths than does S. alutus. The cranial
ridges are well developed and terminate in strong spines. Coronal spines are usually
present, but may be absent on one or both sides. In both types of S. introniger, taken
at a depth of 266 fathoms in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, the coronal
spines are wanting, but as they agree with our specimens in all other important
details we make the identification without doubt. We append the following account,
drawn from Alaska specimens:

Diagnosis: Scales large, ctenoid. Fins scaled. Cranial ridges and spines rather
_low but strong; coronal and nuchal spines present. Mandibular symphysis promi-
j nent, with small symphyseal knob. Peritoneum, mouth, and gill-cavity black or
; dusky. Color red.

_ Specific description: Head 2}; eye in head 4. Dorsal x1m-14. Anal 11-7 or 8.
Pectoral 18. Lateralline 36. Length 14 inches. Mouth large, the maxillary reach-
_ing to middle or posterior third of eye, 2 in head, its greatest width one-third its

greatest length. Mandible protruding, entering profile in large specimens, less
prominent in the young. Symphyseal knob present, but not conspicuous. Teeth
on jaws, vomer, and palatines in narrow bands. Eye large, longer than snout,
3+ in head. Interorbital space slightly concave, with two evident longitudinal
ridges. Cranial ridges sharp-edged and moderately elevated, the spines strong.
Nasal, preocular, supraocular, postocular, tympanic, coronal, parietal, and nuchal
spines present; one or both coronal spines occasionally wanting. Preorbital of
moderate width, its anterior lobe sometimes ending in a spine, the posterior with
a sharp edge bearing one to four spinonspoints. Preopercular spines large, regularly
radiating, the two upper ones approximated and more slender, the others broadly
triangular, directed downward and backward. Two spines sometimes present at
angle of subopercle. Opercular spines sometimes double. Lower rim of orbit some-
times serrated. Gill-rakers long and slender, the longest one-third diameter of
eye; 22 or 23 on lower limb of outer arch.

Spinous dorsal rather low, the twelfth spine one-half the height of the last, which
is one-third head; the longest spine 24 in head. Second anal spine stronger, but
searcely longer than the third,2}in head. Pectoral without thickened lower rays,
reaching to vent,4! in body. Caudal emarginate. Scales large, ctenoid, about 30
tubes present in the lateral line. Small accessory scales numerous. All parts of the
head, including cheeks, maxillary, mandible, branchiostegal rays, snout, and inter-

orbital space covered with scales. Gular region scaled. All the fins invested to
their tips with fine scalés.

Color, uniform bright red, duller than in S. miniatus. Smaller specimens reddish.
Traces of fine olive-green bars on back. Numerous dark spots along lateral line. A

dark bloteh on opercle; three bands on cheek, and a blotch in the axil of pectorals.
_ All the fins edged with black.

>

Te

408 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

41. Sebastodes elongatus (Ayres).
A single specimen dredged off the coast of California, north of Point Reyes
(station 3350), at a depth of 75 fathoms.

42. Sebastodes zacentrus (Gilbert).

Several specimens were taken north of Point Reyes, on the coast of California, at
depths of 75 and 51 fathoms (stations 3350 and 3351). The second anal spine is always
very large, but frequently fails to reach tips of soft anal rays when depressed, thus
differing from the type specimens. The depthis also greater, 3 instead of 34 in length.

43. Sebastodes alutus (Gilbert). (Plate 22.)

This species was described from a single immature specimen, dredged by the Alba-
tross south of Santa Cruz Island, Southern California. No additional material was
obtained during the extensive dredging operations of the dlbatross on the California
coast. The species is, however, very abundant in the North Pacific, both north and
south of the Aleutian Islands. It was taken at the following dredging stations,
located north of Unalaska Island, in the vicinity of Unimak Pass, in Bristol Bay,
and south of the Alaskan Peninsula, in depths of 38 to 350 fathoms: 3213, 3214, 3222,
3226, 3262, 3311, 3317, 3319, 3321, 3322, 3324, 3331, 3339, and 3341. A single individual
was also taken with hook and line in Unalaska Harbor. At one of the above
stations, 48 specimens were taken with the beam trawl. This additional material
shows that S. alutus is one of the bright-red rockfish, most closely allied perhaps to
S. miniatus. From the latter it differs conspicuously in the greatly produced man-
dibular symphysis, with the very pronounced symphyseal knob, as well as in other
respects. It is allied also to S. proriger, but differs, among other points, in having
both postocular and tympanic spines developed. From S. brevispinis Bean it differs
in its larger eye, larger scales, black peritoneum, and scaly fins.

Following is a detailed description of adult specimens 12 to 18 inches long. In
the type, the head is said to be contained 33 times in the length. This is doubtless
a misprint for 23.

Diagnosis: Scales large, in about 60 oblique series above the lateral line. Soft fins
wholly enveloped in fine scales. Cranial ridges all low, the spines slender; coro-
nal and nuchal spines alone absent. Mandible projecting much beyond the upper
profile of head, the symphyseal knob very strongly developed in adult specimens;
not noticeably so in young. Gill-rakers long and numerous, half as long as eye.
Second and third anal spines about equal. General color red, the peritoneum black
or dusky, the mouth and gill-cavities dusky.

Description: Head 23 to 2? in length; depth, 3 to 34. Dorsal, a anal, 111-8;
pectoral,17. Mouth large, maxillary reaching back of pupil, 24 to 24 in head. Pre-
maxillaries notched, the symphyseal patch of teeth, however, eee outside them.
Teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines in very narrow bands except at symphysis and
on vomer. A conspicuous depression on each side of symphysis to receive the ante-
rior premaxillary patch. Eye very large, the diameter exceeding snout, 34 in head.
Interorbital space very wide, flat or slightly convex, conspicuously grooved, its width
1% eye. Cranial ridges all very low, inconspicuous, with small spines ornone. Nasal
and preocular spines evident, supraocular, postocular, and tympanic spines present
but hidden by scales; more conspicuous in the very young. Parietal ridges evident,
ending in low spines. Preorbital narrow, its least width one-seventh eye, its ante-
rior edge with two long mucous slits, and in some cases a single backwardly-directed
spine. Opercular and humeral spines well developed. Preopercular spines flat, not
very large, the upper two approximated, the lower two broadly triangular, tipped
with short spines, which are directed downward and backward.

Dorsal spines curved, the longest 24 to 2? in head; the twelfth about two-thirds the
longest. Soft dorsal about as high as the longest spines. Anal spines strong, the
second slightly shorter than third, which equals or slightly exceeds diameter of eye.
In young specimens, the second anal spine is longer and constantly equals or exceeds

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: ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 409
thethird. Soft anal rays higher than soft dorsal, 24 in head. Caudal well notched.
Ventrals long, reaching vent. Pectorals Jonger, reaching nearly to front of anal.
| Gill-rakers long, clavate, half diameter of orbit, 25 on anterior limb of arch.

_ Scalesrough ctenoid, covered with many accessory minute ones, which are especially
-abundant on head and nape. The head is wholly scaled, including the interopercle,
maxillary, and mandible, and the outer branchiostegal rays. The anterior surface
of the pectorals and the outer caudal rays are closely invested with minute ctenoid
scales, which extend well toward the tips; they also invest the soft dorsal and anal
‘fins. About 58 or 60 series of scales above lateral line, running obliquely downward
_and backward.

Color: Bright carmine red, lighter on belly. Dorsal dusky, edged with black.
_An elongate olive-brown blotch along base of soft dorsal; a shorter one under the
‘last spines, and a faint one under the middle of spinous dorsal, the latter extending
| farther down on sides. A dark blotch on back of caudal peduncle. Belly silvery,
‘washed with red. <A dark blotch on opercle and one on axil; a crossbar on occiput,

one on snout and two bars on cheeks, dusky. Lower lip and tip of mandible blackish;
‘mouth and gill-cavity dusky. Peritoneum jet-black in the young, varying from black
‘to gray in adults. Fins all red, the spinous dorsal broadly margined with blackish.

|44. Sebastodes diploproa Gilbert.
Station 3349, near Point Reyes, California, depth 239 fathoms.

|45. Sebastolobus alascanus Bean.

Resembling closely S. macrochir, but differing constantly in the increased number of
‘dorsal spines, 16 (17 in one specimen) instead of 15, and in the longer second anal spine.

Head 22 in length; depth 4 (in specimen 360 mm. long). Pores of lateral line 35.
Dorsal xvi, 9; anal 111, 5; pectoral 21. Mouth large, the maxillary nearly reaching
vertical from posterior border of orbit, 2 to 24 in head; its width greater than diam-
eter of pupil. Premaxillary band of teeth wide, shutting largely outside mandible
in front and on the sides; a conspicuous tubercle at tip of each premaxillary with a
\deep emargination between the two, into which fits the tip of the mandible. A
‘small knob at mandibular symphysis. Eye large, 3} to 34 in head, 2? times the
interorbital width. Cranial ridges and spines about as in the other species of the
(genus, but the occipital ridges not strongly diverging, as in 8, maecrochir. Preorbital
(posteriorly with aspinous point, as in S. altivelis.

Dorsal spines low, the contour of the fin evenly rounded, the spines increasing
Tegularly from the first to the fourth, then as regularly diminishing to the fourteenth;
the fifteenth and sixteenth again lengthened. The longest spine is contained from
'24 to 24 times in the length of the head. Second anal spine longer and stronger
than third, equaling or exceeding length of soft rays, its length 2 to 24 in that
of head. Ventrals usually scarcely reaching vent, the pectorals not reaching front of
vanal. Lower pectoral lobe unusually broad, contains 7 to 9 thickened rays. Head
less completely scaled than in S. altivelis, the branchiostegals, mandible, maxillary,
and lower portion of preopercle wholly naked.

Color red. A black blotch occupies the membranes of the first three dorsal spines,
a second extends from the sixth to the eleventh spines. Margin of pectoral and
‘ventral fins black. No black blotch behind second anal spine. Peritoneum and
lining of gill-cavity white.

This species differs from S. altivelis in the lower, longer, evenly rounded spinous
dorsal, the white lining of the gill-cavity, and the partly naked head. It was
taken abundantly on the Alaskan expedition, being represented from the following
Stations: 3227, 3324, 3330, 3331, 3332, 3337, 3338, 3339, 3340, 3343, 3346, 3347, and 3348.
These are located in Bering Sea, north of Unalaska Island; in the North Pacific
southeast of Unimak Island, and off the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and Cali-
fornia. They represent depths of from 109 to 786 fathoms,

410 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

46. Sebastolobus altivelis sp. nov. (Plate 23.)

Body slender, depth 3} in length; head 2}; lateral line 33-35 pores. Dorsal xv, 9;
anal 01,5; pectoral 22. Mouth large, 2 in head, maxillary reaching posterior margin
of pupil. Mandible laterally and in front shutting within the wide premaxillary band
of teeth, its tip fitting into an emargination between premaxillaries, and bearing a
short symphyseal knob. Bands of teeth on mandible, vomer, and palatines narrow.
Eye very large, 3 in head, 3 times interorbital width. Interorbital narrow, scaled,
concave, with 2 low, rounded ridges. Cranial ridges strong, terminating in sharp
spines, agreeing with those in 5. alascanus and S. macrochir. Preorbital wide, par-
tially overlapping middle third of maxillary, posteriorly with a forwardly directed
triangular spine, in front of which is a long slit-like mucous pore. A blunt tubercle
directed forward from front of each premaxillary, less prominent than in S, alascanus.

Dorsal spines long and comparatively strong, the third always the highest, the
outline of fin behind it straight or concave, never convexly rounded, as in S. macrochir
and S. alascanus. In the type specimen the longest spine is contained 13 times in
length of head. The spine before the last is scarcely longer than the one preceding,
the last spine again lengthened. Second anal spine usually curved, much longer
and stronger than third and longer than soft rays, its length 1? to 2in head. In
the type it is abnormally curved, as shown in the accompanying figure. Ventrals
reaching to vent; pectorals to front of anal. Pectoral fin very broad, the lower
seven rays thickened and extended beyond membranes, the lobe thus formed subject
to much variation, being unusually short in the type. Scales rough ctenoid. Man-
dible scaled at base only, the head otherwise completely invested, including the
branchiostegal rays and membranes. Fin membranes covered with fine ctenoid
scales.

Color, red; a dark blotch on membranes between first and third dorsal spines, and
a large one beginning back of fourth spine and extending along entire upper edge of
fin; edge of pectoral, ventral, anal, and sometimes caudal, black. In some speci-
mens a black blotch on membrane back of second anal spine, as in 8S, macrochir.
Opercular lining blackish, this visible externally as a dusky blotch.

The type is a specimen 325 mm. (12? inches) long, taken south of the Alaskan
Peninsula at a depth of 625 fathoms (station 3338). No other specimens were secured
during the Alaskan expedition of 1890, but the species is almost equally abundant
with S. alascanus in deep water off the coast of California. From S. alascanus it is
distinguishable at sight by the contour of the spinous dorsal fin, the smaller number
of dorsal spines, and the dusky lining of the opercle. From S. macrochir, with which
it agrees in its fin formula, it is distinguished by the greater height of both dorsal
and ana: spines, and in the different contour of the spinous dorsal.

Family COTTIDA. The Sculpins.

47. Hemitripterus marmoratus Bean.

Several small specimens were secured at stations 3224, 3257, 3258, and 3311, in
Bering Sea, north of Unalaska Island; depths, 70 to 121 fathoms. They agree with
the types in having but 14 dorsal spines, the first four of which are not noticeably dif-
ferentiated. The second dorsal contains 11 or 12 rays, and the anal fin 13. The last
two rays of the anal fin are approximated at base, but do not evidently constitute
a divided ray.

48. Psychrolutes zebra Bean.

Taken abundantly in shallow water south of the Alaskan Peninsula, thence west —
to and through Unimak Pass, along the northern shore of Unalaska Island, and in
Bristol Bay. The depths range from 31 to 121 fathoms, at stations 3213, 3215, 3216, —
3217, 3219, 3222, 3223, 3224, 3225, 3257, 3258, 3259, 3263, 3265, 3272, 3310, 3311, 3313;
3322, and 3334. The spinous dorsal is continuous with soft dorsal, there being no —
notch between the two.

Report U. S. F. C. 1893,

‘sou ‘ds SITBAILTV SNEOIOLSVaaS

Ichthyological Collections.

2 paMECONtin DORADA oes ren

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(To face page 410.)

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PLATE 23.

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t ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 411
|49. Malacocottus zonurus Bean.

Several specimens taken at stations 3227, 3330, 3331, north of Unalaska Island, and

at stations 3337 and 3339, south of Unimak Island; depths, 138 to 351 fathoms.

In addition to the characters given by Dr. Bean, we call attention to the following:
Nasal spines obsolete. Supraorbital rim low, slightly elevated in front but not
behind; the interorbital space wide, shallowly concave. Occiput with two blunt,

conical protuSerances in lieu of ridges, and without spines. A slight occipital

depression. Preopercular angle with three radiating spines of nearly equal length,
and a smaller spine directed outward in advance of the middle one of the three;
| below these a partially concealed spine directed downward and forward. Opercular
rib very strong, sharp anteriorly, broadening behind, and provided with three low
| ridges, not ending in a definite spine. A spinous point on subopercle and one on
‘interopercle; none on shoulder.

Anterior nasal tube short, the posterior margin prolonged into a laciniate flap.
Head well provided with slender cutaneous filaments; three on upper portion of
eyeball, four in a transverse line behind occiput, a very long one on opercular angle,

and numerous shorter ones on opercle, jaws, and along anterior portion of lateral
line. Branchiostegals 7. Body without plates or prickles; the head, including
‘upper part of eye, and the upper anterior part of body, with sparsely distributed
stellate granulations, visible only in large specimens. In our specimens the brown
bar at base of caudal is followed by a wide white bar, sometimes more or less broken;
| the terminal half of fin blackish, narrowly margined with white.

| 50. Dasycottus setiger Bean.
Taken at stations 3216, 3257, 3310, 3311, and 3334, located north and south of the
Alaskan Peninsula and north of Unalaska Island; depths, 50 to 85 fathoms.
Tubercles on head definitely placed: 1 in front of eye; 4 above orbit, the poste-
rior two the largest; a pair on middle of suborbital stay, with a smaller one above
them; 1 on temporal region, and 1 on shoulder; by far the largest pair on occiput,
where they are high compressed spines, directed vertically upward, as long as diam-
‘eter of pupil. Nasal spines obsolete. Cirri are generally distributed over upper
part of head and body, the longer ones being specially numerous on maxillary, under
surface of mandible, and on the opercle and preopercle. Of the larger ones, two
_ often proceed from one base. A series of short filaments along upper edge of pupil.
Mucous pores large, those of the mandibular and buccal series slit-like. In adults,
the dorsal bands break up into series of spots and become inconspicuous.

51. Icelus bicornis (Reinhardt).

Not hitherto recorded from Pacific waters. Our specimens are more constant in
their characters than the Atlantic individuals reported on by Collett (Den Norske
Nordhavs Expedition, 1880, p. 35). A definite narrow band of fine prickles extends

_along the upper edge of the dorsal series of plates, usually occupying less than half
the space between plates and base of dorsals, and extending posteriorly to end of
‘soft dorsal. Similar prickles cover top and sides of head. The plates of the lateral
line invariably extend to the root of the caudal fin, and the dorsal series to the back
(of the caudal peduncle. None of the specimens before us have plates along the base
of the anal fin. The species differs conspicuously from J. spiniger and I. canalicu-
latus in having a deep pit on occiput, bounded laterally by high occipital ridges,
‘each of which bears two rounded prominences or spines. The preopercular spines
are longer and sharper, and the bifurcation of the upper spine deeper than in the
species mentioned. In two individuals the upper spine is trifureate, the branches
very long and curving upward. ‘lhe fin rays in six specimens are as follows: Dor-
| sal vi1I-20, 1x-19, 1x-21, rx-20, rx-20, 1x-19; anal 16, 16, 15,17, 16,15. These average
slightly higher than counts of Atlantic specimens, none of which are at hand for
‘comparison. The Pacific form may prove specifically separable.

412 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

The species is represented in our collection principally from Bristol Bay, a few
specimens only from farther west in Bering Sea. Stations 3224, 3250, 3251, 3252, 3253,
3254, 3255, 3256, 3279, 3280, 3282, 3283, 3285, 3292, 3293, 3302, 3303, and 3306; depths 173 to
121 fathoms.

92. Icelus spiniger sp. nov. (Plate 24.)

Closely resembling I. bicornis, but differing conspicuously in the armature of the
dorsal series of plates, in the comparatively plane occiput, and in other characters,
Head 24 to 3 in length; depth 5. Caudal peduncle very slender, its depth 24 in
orbit. Mouth large, the maxillary reaching slightly beyond middle of orbit, its
length one-half head. Teeth very finely villiform, present in rather wide bands in
jaws and on vomer and palatine bones. Nasal spines strong, separated by the high
ascending processes of the premaxillaries. Interorbital space very narrow, grooved,
its width less than one-half diameter of pupil. The orbital rim becomes elevated
anteriorly and posteriorly, and is, at the latter point, strongly denticulated. Behind
the orbital region the occiput is shallowly concave, being bounded laterally by two
low, evenly rounded ridges, which become narrower posteriorly, and end each in a
strong spine projecting backward in line with the series of dorsal prickles. The
preopercular spines are similar to those of I. bicornis, the uppermost, as in the latter,
occasionally simple instead of bifurcate. The second spine is usually directed
straight backward, and the two following downward and forward.

The gill-membranes are broadly united, free from the isthmus, and neither pore
nor slit exists behind the innermost gill. Branchiostegals, 6. Eye large, longer
than snout, 3 to 3} in head in adults. A slender tentacle present over the posterior
part of each orbit. A series of plates extends from nape along each side of dorsals
to back of caudal peduncle, and a second series along lateral line, as in I. bicornis.
The dorsal series contains 28 to 35 plates, each of which bears at its center a single
strong spine directed outward and backward. In J. bicornis each plate is trayv-
ersed by an oblique ridge, the edge of which is denticulated, the central tooth
being the strongest and corresponding to the single spine present in J. spiniger. The
latter agrees with J. canaliculatus in having an inner series of dorsal plates alternat-
ing with the principal series, each of the smaller plates bearing a minute prickle,
discernible with difficulty. The plates along the lateral line, 41 to 44 in number,
are similar to those in I. bicornis, having their upper and posterior free margins
serrulate. A few scattered spinous plates present in axillary region. Dorsal fins not
connected, the spines very slender and rather high. Pectorals long, reaching front of
anal; ventrals not reaching vent.

Dorsal 1x-20; anal 17; pectoral 18; ventral 1,3. Longest specimen, 118 mm.

Color: Light olivaceous above, white below, the upper parts mottled with dark
brown. The back has four faint black crossbars, the first under spinous dorsal, the
second and third under soft dorsal, the fourth at base of caudal. A brown blotch
on cheek, one on base of pectoral, and an irregular series along full length of body
just under lateral line. Two prominent black blotches on first dorsal; the second
dorsal, caudal, and pectoral barred; other fins unmarked. Mouth and gill-cavity
white. ;

Numerous specimens from stations 3216, 3223, 3224, 3225, 3226, 3257, 3258, 3263, 3267, —
3278, 3279, 3280, 3292, 3302, 3311, 3534, and 3336, in 17 to 121 fathoms. These stations
are located in the vicinity of Unalaska Island and in Bristol Bay, Alaska.

53. Icelus canaliculatus sp. nov. (Plate 24.)

A deep-water species, with conspicuous mucous canals and pores, thin cranial
bones, and ratlxer plain blackish coloration. In other characters it stands some-—
what intermediate between J. bicornis and I. spiniger. The dorsal plates have the —
serrulated cross ridge of I. bicornis, while the occiput is but shallowly concave, with
low bounding ridges ending behind in strong spines, and the posterior rim of the orbit —
is elevated and denticulated, as in J. spiniger. In its anterior portion, at least, the

Report U.S. F.C 1893,

‘sou ‘ds SA_LYINDIIVNYD SND!

Ichthyological Collections

(To face page 412.)

‘nou ‘ds YADINIdS SNT3OI

PLATE 24,

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 4138

series of dorsal plates is accompanied above by a more or less irregular row of
smaller plates, which alternate with the larger plates and bear each a small spine.

_ Head 3 to 3} in length; depth 6. Caudal peduncle long and very slender, its
depth less than one- aie its length. Maxillary reaching to or nearly to vertical
from middle of orbit, 22 to 2% in length of head. Jaws weak; teeth villiform, with
widened base, in nace bands on jaws, vomer, and poland Nasal spines strong,
projecting above a transverse depression which crosses snout immediately in front of
orbits. Interorbital space narrow; its least width 33 times in orbit, its width wholly
occupied by the two conspicuous supraorbital mucous canals. Occiput a shallowly
depressed pit, bounded anteriorly by the raised orbital region and laterally by low,
sponded ridges, each of which terminates behind in a very strong spine. Preopercular

ines slender and sharp, the uppermost directed very obliquely upward, sharply
BBichea at tip. The second and third are directed downward and backward, the
lowermost downward and forward. The bony stay across cheeks is conspicuously
developed, and bears a distinct spine just behind eye. A series of mucous slits
along under side of suborbital stay. A sharp spine on subopercle. Gill-membranes
broadly united, free from the isthmus. Branchiostegals,6. A distinct slit-like pore
behind fourth gill. Eye large, 3 in head, longer than snout. Top and sides of head
with many minute scattered whitish pores. A minute filament near tip of maxillary.

_ Plates of lateral line 43 to 46 in number, their upper and posterior edges free,
denticulated. Dorsal series with 45 plates, each of which is crossed obliquely by a
raised spiny ridge, the central portion of which is highest. Between the upper
angles of these plates is a second series of small plates alternating with the first,
each bearing a spine or prickle. These spines are occasionally doubled or trebled,
especially in the anterior part of the series, and then recall strikingly the arrange-
ment in Icelinus. Axil of pectorals with from 20 to 26 plates similar to those of the
lateral line and showing a tendency to regular arrangement. Two or three similar
plates along anterior part of base of anal, and a few scattered plates on each side
between lateral and dorsal series.

Dorsal vu or vit, 23 or 24; anal 19; pectoral 16; ventral 1,3. Lateral line 43 to
46. Length 110 mm.

Color: Light olivaceous above, blackish below, except lower jaw; back with four
black crossbars, evident but not conspicuous. Opercles black. Fins alldark. Pecto-
rals mottled with slate color. Base of caudal finlight. Mouth and gill-cavity dark.

The types were taken north of Unalaska, at station 3329, at a depth of 399
fathoms.

54. Icelus vicinalis sp. nov.

This species is extremely close both to J. canaliculatus, with which it was found
associated, and to J. ewryops Bean. From J. canaliculatus it differs in the following
respects:

(a) The coloration, though similar in pattern, is much lighter. The belly is
dusky, but not deep brown; the isthmus usually becomes abruptly white under
the branchiostegal membranes, and the latter are white or dusky, not blue-black as
in J. canaliculatus. The floor and anterior part of the roof of the mouth and the
gill-cavities are white, not blackish. The nostril tube is white, not black.

(6) The occipital ridge is lower and less conspicuous and the spines shorter, but
both are obvious. The small spinous point on suborbital stay is less developed.

(c) The dorsal spines are 9 in number in all our specimens.

(d) A closely crowded series or narrow band of prickles accompanies the dorsal
series, as in J. canaliculatus. It is noticeable, however, that those of the series which
dcupy a position corresponding to the interspace between the dorsal plates are
somewhat enlarged, and recall the alternating plates of JIcelinus. The region
between the lateral line and the dorsal series is almost completely invested with
spinous scales in most specimens, while in J, canaliculatus few or none are present,

>

a

414 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

(e) The head is densely covered with small spinous scales or prickles, especially
numerous on top of head and on opercles. In J. canaliculatus the head is either naked
or sparsely covered, and the opercles are almost or quite naked.

(f) Three pairs of slender filaments on top of head, the anterior pair the largest,
placed above back of orbit; the second pair is in front of and slightly within the
occipital ridges, the third pair on occipital spines. An additional pair on opercles
seems to be less constant. The supraocular pair alone is present in J. canaliculatus.

(g) The mucous canals and pores, though large, are less developed than in J. cana-
liculatus, the fish having in general the bathybial characteristics less pronounced.

The agreement with J. ewryops is closer than with I. canaliculatus. In fact it seems
to differ from J. ewryops only in the much smaller eye and somewhat wider inter-
orbital space, agreeing with J. ewryops in all those respects in which it differs from
TI. canaliculatus. In I. vicinalis the eye is 23 to 3 in head, and but 14 times length of
snout, and the least interorbital width is 11 or 12 times in head. In J, ewryops (co-type
No. 45367, U. S. Nat. Mus.) the eye is 24 times in head and twice the length of the
snout, and the least interorbital width 16 times in head. It does not seem probable
that the species will vary to that extent.

Dorsal 1x-21 to 23; anal 18; pectoral 18; caudal 9. Head 3} to 3} in length;
depth 53. Maxillary reaching middle of pupil, 2} in head. Upper preopercular
spine slender, forked at tip, directed upward and backward; the second and third
spines simple, slender, directed downward and backward, the fourth downward
and forward. I{nterorbital space shallowly grooved, the groove widening back-
ward into an occipital depression bounded in front by the somewhat elevated
interocular space, laterally by the occipital ridges. The supraorbital rim is elevated
in front and behind. The occipital ridges are low, broad, and rounded anteriorly,
becoming narrower and more crest-like posteriorly. In addition to the prickles and
plates already mentioned, there is a band of spinous scales behind axil of pectorals,

Spinous dorsal low, the longest spine 24 in head, the longest ray of soft dorsal 2
in head. Pectorals reaching beginning of horizontal portion of lateral line, the
lower rays thickened, their membranes incised. Ventrals short, scarcely reaching
vent. Anal papilla large.

Color in spirits: Light-brown above, with four blackish crossbars, one under
spinous dorsal joining the dark axillary patch, two under soft dorsal, and one at base
of tail merging into the uniform deep brown of the under parts. Head, light brown |
above and below; subocular ring dark brown, this streak widening forward and
crossing upper and lower lips. A small brown patch at base of exposed portion of
maxillary. Opercle blackish. Upper half of pectorals light, with or without a
brown basal bar, the distal portion indistinctly barred with light brown. Lower
half of pectorals and all of ventrals dark brown or black. Dorsals blackish, darkest
above crossbars on back. Anal black. Caudal whitish, dusky above toward tip.

Numerous specimens 50 to 110 mm. long, from stations 3324, 3330, 3331, and 3332,
Bristol Bay, Alaska, at depths of 109, 351, 350, and 406 fathoms, respectively.

The following notes are drawn from one of the co-types (No. 45367, U. S. N. M.) of -
I. euryops, kindly loaned to us for that purpose by Dr. Bean.

Specimen 77 mm. long, 65 mm. to base of caudal fin. Head 22 mm. to end of oper-_
cular spine; depth 11; orbit 10}; snout 54; maxillary 11; interorbital width 1}.

Dorsal 1x-23; anal 19; pectoral 18; caudal 9. Preopercular spines as in J. vici-—
nalis, the upper spine abnormal on one side, showing three points instead of two, —
Below the forked spine are three others—one directed backward and a little down-—
ward, one nearly vertically downward, and one downward and forward. Nasal spines ©
strong. Occipital ridges obvious, with easily perceptible slender spines about as in |
I. vicinalis, the ridges broadly rounded anteriorly, scarcely ridge-like until imme- :
diately in front of spines. Head rather closely invested with scales, scarcely so |
rough or so numerous as in J. vicinalis, but more so than in J. canaliculatus. Opercle —
covered with scales. Filaments as in J. vicinalis—one pair above eyes, one ante- |

et neta

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 415

riorly on occiput, and one occupying tips of occipital spines. The pair on opercles
ean not be made out.

_ Armature of body as in less strongly scaled specimens of J. vicinalis. Lateral line
provided with the usual spinous scales, 43 to 44 in number; 40 scales in the dorsal
series, which extends to base of caudal. Above it isa rather crowded irregular series
of smaller scale-like prickles, some of which are larger than the others and alter-
nate rather regularly with the plates of the principal series; posteriorly the smaller
of the upper series are absent, the alternating larger ones alone present. Ten or
twelve small spinous plates are irregularly disposed between lateral line and dorsal
series. A patch of spinous plates behind pectorals.

Color evidently as in J. vicinalis, though very greatly faded from exposure to light.
The back shows traces of two dark crossbars under soft dorsal; one occupies end of
eaudal peduncle, and a very indistinct one extends downward from spinous dorsal,
which is black posteriorly. Belly, and under parts generally, dusted with fine
black specks, the isthmus becoming abruptly white. Nostriltube white. Subocular
region blackish, the color continued forward onto the preorbital, opposite the front
end of which it crosses upper andlowerlip. A dark blotch on maxillary in advance
of tip. Pectorals dusky.

55. Icelus scutiger Bean.

This species is distinguished from all others in the genus by the absence of the
series of enlarged spinous plates along the base of the dorsal fin. Our specimens
agree with the types in having the sides above lateral lines densely covered with
scales. These are not uniform in size, and are arranged in rather irregular oblique

series. The sides behind pectorals contain larger spinous plates, and the tail below

lateral line is densely scaled, leaving only a narrow naked strip along each side of
anal base. As stated, the upper half of head is densely covered with small prickles.

i As in other species of Jcelus, the upper preopercular spine may be simple or bifur-
-eate. The latter condition obtains in most of our specimens. AIl of the preopercular

spines are weaker than in other species of the genus.

Compared with the nearest allies, J. ewryops and J. canaliculatus, the species is
further distinguished by its more robust body (the depth approximately 5 in length
instead of nearly 6), by the smaller eye (in which the snout is contained 1} times
instead of nearly twice), the narrower interorbital space, the very slight develop-

“ment of the occipital crests, the obsolescence of the occipital spines, and the great
height of the spinous dorsal fin in the male specimens. It has also a shorter second
‘dorsal fin, the formula in 11 specimens being 1x-19, 1x-19, 1x-19, 1x-19, 1x-19, rx-20,

x-19, x-19, x-20, x-20, x-20. It has less the appearance of a deep-water species,
the mucous canals and pores being less conspicuous and the color lighter, with no
brownish-black or blue-black tints. In alcoholic specimens the upper parts are light
brown, the lower side of head and belly, including the ventral fins, whitish. A
vertical black bar occupies base of upper half of pectorals, a streak extending from
its lower end out along middle ray of fin. The black bars characteristic of its con-
geners are here represented by irregular, rather sharply defined blotches on back
‘and sides. These extend also onto spinous and soft dorsal fins. A distinct dark

streak runs forward from eye, crossing premaxillaries, and leaving tip of snout pale.
- Mouth and gill-cavities white.

Numerous specimens were taken at station 3339, south of the Alaskan Peninsula,

‘at a depth of 138 fathoms.

. 56. Icelinus borealis sp. nov. (Plate 25.)

f

Very similar to I. oculatus, but differing in the large size of the preopercular spine,
‘the smaller, less elliptical, eye, the wider interocular space less abruptly expanding
anteriorly, the lower occipital ridges, and in the much smaller size.
Body slender, tapering rapidly backward to caudal peduncle, whose least depth
(is 33 to 4} in its length; depth 4% to 54 in length, in specimens 1} to 3} inches long.

416 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
,

Head long, smaller than in J. oculatus, 2? in length. The occipital ridges blunt,
the included space gently concave, not pit-like. Interorbital space wider than in |
I. oculatus, not distinctly concave, the median ridge very faint, the width about
one-fourth eye (in oculatus about one-tenth eye). Supraocular and occipital ridges |
rugose or minutely pitted. Two conspicuous mucous pores behind each eye, the |
anterior margins of the pores often elevated to form a spinous projection. Eye
small, 4 in head. Mouth large, extending beyond vertical from pupil, 2} in head,
Teeth in narrow bands on jaws, vomer and palatines. The two anterior pores on
mandible open together at symphysis, as in all the other species of the genus except
I. oculatus, where they open separately, on either side of the symphysis. Preoper-_
cular spine large, about as large as eye, with three antler-like processes directed
upward. Below this is a weak spinous projection directed backward (wanting in

many specimens) and two stronger ones downward and forward. A spinous point
at the lower angle of subopercle; an indistinct spine terminating occipital ridge.

Armature of sides as in J. oculatus, the dorsal series of plates extending continu-
ously onto back of caudal peduncle. No scattered plates behind pectorals. A large, |
rather broad, supraorbital flap, bifid or trifid, or occasionally with more than three
terminal filaments; the height of flap equals or slightly exceeds diameter of pupil.
A white filament near tip of maxillary; two pairs on occipital ridges; one, not wholly
constant, on cheeks overlying suborbital stay; a few scattered ones accompanying
plates of lateral line. None of the dorsal spines elevated. Pectoral fins reaching
slightly beyond origin of anal. Dorsal 1x or x-16 or 17; anal 12 to 14; pectoral 16;
lateral line 39. Length 75 mm.

Color: Olivaceous above, sides of head and body vermiculated and blotched with
olive brown, especially along middle of sides; white below, nearly to lateral line.
The back with four black crossbars, as in J. oculatus. A dark blotch on cheek, and
a dark streak forward from eye. Membrane between first two spines of first dorsal
dark, usually a black terminal bar posteriorly; second dorsal, pectorals, and caudal
with faint oblique bars. No dusky patch at base of pectoral. Anal translucent.

Numerous specimens taken both north and south of the Aleutian Islands and in
Bristol Bay, at stations 3213, 3214, 3222, 3223, 3224, 3226, 3235, 3258, 3265, 3286, 3293,
3303, 3319, 3321. The depths range from 11 to 121 fathoms. It is impossible to com-
pare this or any other described species of Icelinus with Icelinus australis Eigenmann,
described from partially digested specimens. From Eigenmann’s description of the
preopercular spine, it is even doubtful whether his species is a member of the genus
Icelinus.

57. Artediellus pacificus sp. nov.

Very closely related to A. uncinatus, differing in the entire obsolescence of the
occipital protuberances or ridges, in the increased number of cirri on the head, the
more numerous pores of the lateral line, the greater number of rays in the pectoral
fins, and the reduction in the rays of the caudal. This diagnosis is the result of a
comparison of our type with Collett’s description of Centridermichthys wncinatus
(Norske Nord-Havs Expedition, 1880, 29), no typical specimens being at hand for
comparison. Specimens of Artediellus from the coast of Massachusetts also differ
from Collett’s description,and may be specifically or subspecifically separable.

Length of head (measured to end of opercular flap) 2% to 2%; depth 44. Least
depth of caudal peduncle 13 times in orbit; its length, from base of last anal ray, 2%
in head.

Head evenly rounded in all directions, the orbital region not elevated, the snout
not angulated. Mouth slightly larger in males than in females, reaching vertical
from middle or posterior margin of pupil, 2} to 2! in head. Lower jaw shorter than
the upper, a portion of the premaxillary band of teeth projecting beyond the
mandible in closed mouth. Teeth cardiform, in rather broad bands in jaws, and im
patches of varying size on vomer and palatines. In some specimens a few teeth

PLATE 25.

Ichthyological Collections, (To face page 416.)

Report U.S. F C. 1893.

ICELINUS BOREALIS sp. nov,

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% ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 417

occur in a single convex series on front of vomer, and but three or four form a line
on palatines; in others, we find an irregular double series or a narrow band on each
of these bones. The teeth are always strong, and are probably in adult specimens
never entirely wanting on either vomer or palatines. Longitudinal diameter of
orbit 34 in head. Interorbital space very narrow, shallowly concave, entirely
occupied by the supraocular canals, which unite in a single pore opposite posterior
margin of orbit. Leastinterocular width two-thirds pupil. Premaxillary processes
projecting but little beyond the profile. Nasal spines very small. Both pairs of
nostrils in short tubes, the posterior situated on anterior orbital rim.

Occiput with two very inconspicuous low rounded ridges, appreciated with diffi-
culty, and sometimes entirely wanting. No trace of the occipital spine which is seen
in Massachusetts specimens of Artedicllus, nor of the conical protuberance described
and figured by Collett. Barbels numerous. Maxillary barbel large and conspicuous,
sometimes simple, more often compound, furnished with from one to four short
lateral branches. A well-developed supraocular cirrus, and a pair of cirri on poste-
rior margin of occiput, the latter occupying the position of occipital spines. A
short cirrus near base of opercular flap, and two or three on preopercle, two of which
are usually at base of the preopercular spines. ‘Two cirri on anterior part of trunk,
one immediately above base of pectorals, the other half way between lateral line
and front of spinous dorsal. Sometimes additional cirri above front of lateral line
and on lower margin of subocular ring. A series of four or five very short cirri
erosses the eye horizontally immediately above the pupil. Gill-membranes broadly
united, joined to the isthmus anteriorly, with a wide free margin. Gills 34, no slit or
pore behind last arch. Preopercular spines as in 4. uncinatus, the upper one without
smaller basal spine.

“Dorsal fins well separated, low in females, extraordinarily developed in males, the
spinous dorsal in the latter well overlapping front of second dorsal and having all
of the spines exserted, the median ones for half their length. These exserted spines
have their free portions narrowly margined with membrane, which widens at
their tips to form a cutaneous flap. Soft dorsal also somewhat elevated in males.
Ventral fins reaching half way to vent in females, about three-fourths this distance
in males.

Dorsal vit or vitI-12 or 13; anal 11 or 12; pectoral 23 (22 to 24); ventral 1, 3;
caudal with 9 divided rays (not 11 as in C. wncinatus); lateral line 24 (22 to 26).

A series of five wide mucous slits running along lower edge of suborbital ring and

‘across cheeks. Poresof lateral line minute, at the ends of short downwardly-directed
branches, the main line opening in a large slit like pore at base of caudal.

Color much as in A. wncinatus, the lower parts whitish, unmarked, the dorsal region
(of the trunk crossed by three wide dark bars, which often in adults break up ihto
: spots separated by vermiculations of the lighter ground color. One of these bars is
| below the spinous dorsal, running downward and forward to base of pectorals; the
‘second is under soft dorsal, the third on caudal peduncle. Top and sides of head
;generally dark, with fine light dots or vermiculations. A light streak sometimes
| present, extending from preopercular spine forward and inward, meeting its fellow
iimmediately behind eyes. This V-shaped mark is usually absent or inconspicuous,
|but is sometimes in young specimens formed of bright silvery-white pigment.
| Other silvery spots or blotches may occur on the lighter intervals of the back or
‘sides. Pectorals, dorsal, and caudal cross-banded; a black blotch at base of upper

and one at base of lower pectoral rays. Tips of elongate dorsal spines of the male
\black. Ventrals and anal unmarked.

Taken abundantly at stations 3216, 3219, 3222, 3228, 3251, 3252, 3254, 3259, 3265, 3267,

3272, 3273, 3278, 3279, 3280, 8281, 3282, 3285, 3293, 3294, 8302, 3306, and 3323, at depths of
\from 8to61 fathoms. The above stations are in Bristol Bay, excepting 3216 (south of
‘Sannak Island) and 3323 (north of Unalaska Island).

F. B. 93——27

418 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

58. Cottus aleuticus sp. noy.
Uranidea microstoma, Lockington, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1880,58; not of Heckel.

In appearance resembling C. philonips ; the head small, its width but one-fourth
greater than its depth, the body low and but little compressed, the depth at shoulders
but little greater than the width. Caudal peduncle moderate, not slender, its length
from base of last anal ray 13 to 1+ in head; measured from last dorsal ray but little
more than half as long. Depth of caudal peduncle 4} to 44 in head.

Head small, 3} to 34 in length; depth 5 to5. Mouth small, variable, maxillary
reaching vertical from front or middle of pupil, 23 to 3 in head. Vomerine patch of
teeth small, the palatines toothless. Preorbital as wide as eye, produced anteriorly
into a convex lobe which conceals all but the widened tip of the maxillary. Both
pairs of nostrils opening in short but evident tubes, a character not known by us to
exist in any other species of the genus. Eye 44 to 4? in head. Interorbital space
narrow, the least width of the bone slightly less than half the vertical diameter of
orbit, in adults 160 mm. long, much narrower in younger specimens. In this respect
our specimens differ conspicuously from the types of C. microstomus, in which the
interorbital width is said to equal vertical diameter of eye. As in C. philonips, we
have but a single preopercular spine, which is straight and directed obliquely upward.
Preopercular margin below the spine evenly rounded. Subopercular spine well
developed.

Lateral line complete, following outline of back to opposite last dorsal ray, where
it abruptly declines to middle of caudal peduncle. Body naked or with a narrow
band of prickles extending from upper axil of pectorals along under side of lateral
line.

Dorsals more or less joined at base in all our specimens, but varying in the height
of the connecting membrane, which usually joins well up on first ray of soft dorsal,
sometimes at its extreme base. The spinous dorsal is long, with 9 spines in 18 speci-
mens examined, 10 spines in 5 specimens. The first two spines are very closely
approximated, and spring from a single wide interspinal. The first spine is easily
overlooked, as has been done by us (Investigations in the Columbia River Basin,
1894, p. 54), and possibly also by Lockington in his description of C. micros-
tomus. Spinous dorsal low, the soft dorsal higher, the longest rays equaling length
of snout and half eye, the last rays when depressed not quite reaching base of
caudal. Anal fin much shorter than soft dorsal, its last ray under the fourth or fifth
before the last ray of dorsal. Caudal truncate, slightly rounded when spread, its
length 14 to 13 in head, its rays twice forked. Pectorals reaching to or nearly to
front of anal. Ventrals varying in length, not quite reaching vent in any of our
specimens. Pectoral rays all simple. Dorsal and anal rays all simple except the
last, which is usually divided to the base in the dorsal, and sometimes divided in
the anal.

Dorsal 1X or X,18 0r 19; anal 13 or 14; pectoral 13 to 15; ventral 1,4; caudal 8 or 9
(forked rays); 35 to 37 pores in lateral line.

Head and body light brown, mottled or spotted above, the darker markings on
back often arranged as six crossbars, of which two are below spinous dorsal, three
below soft dorsal, and one on caudal peduncle. These are usually broken up into
spots or reticulations, and are often obscure, sometimes wanting. Usually a light
bar downward and backward from eye. Rays of dorsals, pectorals, and caudal
crossed with series of dark blotches. Ventrals and anal light, very obscurely barred —
with darker.

This species was very abundant in the small stream passing through the village
of Iliuliuk, Unalaska, living both in the upper strictly fresh-water portion of the
stream and in the lower more or less brackish part. A specimen transferred to the
salt-water aquarium on the Albatross seemed to suffer no inconvenience from the
change of water and lived for several days. This is probably the Uranidea micros-
toma of Lockington, based on specimens collected near St. Paul, Kadiak, and con-

= a

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 419

sidered by the describer to be identical with other specimens examined by him from
the Aleutian Islands. Four specimens were collected by us May 26, 1889, in a small
stream entering Departure Bay, Vancouver Island. These exhibit perfectly the
differences separating C. aleuticus from its nearest ally, C. philonips.
59. Cottus asper (Richardson).

Five specimens taken in a small stream emptying into Departure Bay, Vancouver
Island. The head is naked in all of these and the prickles absent on belly, along
bases of spinous dorsal and anal fins, and on caudal peduncle.

First dorsal. | Second dorsal. | Anal. |
|

| 7 eh aN er vor! ‘1x | a | 22 |
|

|

Specimens ...... 1 | 4 | a 2
|

60. Acanthocottus sellaris sp. nov.
Cottus quadrifilis Bean, in Nelson’s Report, Natural History Collections in
Alaska, 1887, 309, pl. xv111; not Porocottus quadrifilis Gill.

Head cuboid, the anterior profile of snout subvertical, the greatest width a trifle
more than the depth at occiput. Cheeks subvertical. Interorbital region elevated,
the supraorbital rim furnished posteriorly with a low tubercle which usually bears
an inconspicuous cirrus. The interorbital space is rather wide, transversely concave,
its least width 2}. in eye. Occipital depression well marked, the ridges unbroken,
straight, converging rapidly backward, the distance between their tips but two-
thirds that between their anterior ends. From the latter two low ridges converge
for a short distance upon the floor of occipital depression. The ridges do not termi-
nate in spines, but bear small cirri similar to those above eye. Like the latter, these
cirri may be indistinctor wanting. Maxillary reaching vertical from posterior margin
of pupil, 2? in head; eye 33, slightly exceeding snout. Nasal spines very strong.
Two short spines diverge from angle of preopercle, the upper one slightly curved,
directed upward and backward, half the diameter of orbit, the lower directed
straight backward, two-fifths the length of the upper one. Below these are a short
spinous projection concealed in the skin, and a longer spine directed downward and
forward. Opercle with three lengthwise ridges, the uppermost ending in a definite
sharp spine. Subopercular spine well developed; a spine also at posterior end of
interopercle and one at shoulder, Gill-membranes broadly joined to isthmus, with
a wide free fold posteriorly.

A few small prickly plates behind axil of pectorals; skin otherwise smooth. Occi-
put and nape thickly covered with minute dermal papillx, interspersed with very
small mucous pores, which are distributed also over the anterior part of the head.
Pores on mandible and preopercular margin small, not better developed than in other
species of Acanthocottus. Lateral line giving off pairs of short diverging branches,
at the tips of which are the pores. Dorsals connected at extreme base, soft dorsal
terminating slightly behind the anal. Fins all low. Ventrals reaching vent. Pec-
torals to opposite third ray of anal.

The following is a table of fin rays in ten specimens:

Spinous Second =
dorsal. dorsal. Anal.

Pectoral.| Caudal. |

Number of rays.--.--.. VIII} 13; 14; 10| 11 | 12 16 9
Number of specimens... 10 2 8) 25a tae 10 10

Head 24 to3 in length; depth 3?. Pairs of pores in lateral line 32 to34. Branchi-
ostegals 6.

420 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Color in spirits: Upper parts brownish, with two very conspicuous white saddle-
shaped bars extending downward and forward from back. The first of these, about
as wide as orbit, extends from below the dorsal notch in a straight line toward
lower axil of pectorals, including above the posterior margin of spinous dorsal and
the extreme basal portion of first rays of soft dorsal. The second bar includes
dorsally the terminal portion of soft dorsal upon which it extends and the anterior
portion of caudal peduncle. Like the anterior bar, it is variable in width; it extends
forward and downward to below caudal peduncle. The ground color becomes inten-
sified along the margins of these light bars. Caudal with a light basal bar which
becomes widened and pure white in its lower half, adding a third to the series of
conspicuous light markings. In some specimens these white bars are tinged with
brownish; hence less conspicuous. Under parts whitish. Lips and lower jaw with
light and dark crossbars, which are often indistinct. Branchiostegal membranes
sometimes with indistinct crossbars. The darker interspaces below soft dorsal and
on caudal peduncle usually encircle the body below, but are sometimes (in males)
broken on middle of sides with spots and blotches of white (see figure in Nelson’s
report cited above). Axil of pectorals usually with two round white spots, most
distinct in males. Basal portion of anterior face of pectorals dusky or black, in
males with two round white spots; fin distally barred with light and dark. Caudal
crossbarred. Anal and ventrals with faint crossbars or plain. Dorsals blackish.

Taken abundantly in Bristol Bay, Alaska, at stations 3229, 3230, 3231, 3232, 3233,
3234, 3244, 3247, and 3300; depths, 5 to 17 fathoms.

We are unable to follow Dr. Bean in identifying this fish with Porocottus quadrifilis
Gill (Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, 166). The latter is described as having a
single hooked preopercular spine, an opercle without rib or spine, and large pores
on head and lower jaw. None of these statements apply to the present species.
P. quadrifilis is also said to have five branchiostegal rays, but this is possibly an
error. It is also described as having aslender superciliary filament, and one on each
side of nape. We do not find, to offset these, any details in the original description
which agree strikingly with our fish, even the color being inapplicable.

61. Acanthocottus polyacanthocephalus (Pallas),

This species closely resembles A. humilis, but differs in the much deeper and less-
depressed head and body, the larger preopercular spines, the shorter and usually
less-pronounced occipital crests, the absence of spinous plates on sides of body, and
the presence of 10 (very rarely 9) spines in the dorsal fin. The coloration is also
different, the dark bars on back being much better defined, not breaking up at an
early age, as in A. humilis, into small black spots and blotches. None of our speci-
mens show a pore behind the last gill, though this is constantly present in 4. humilis.
In both species the top and sides of head, including nape, are covered with small
dermal warts. Both agree, also, in possessing supraorbital and occipital tubercles,
behind the former of which is a cluster of short diverging ridges. Neither species
seems to possess filaments on the head. In a highly colored male of A. polyacantho-
cephalus, exhibiting round white spots on lower part of sides and with horny tuber-
cles on the inner surfaces of the pectoral rays, the sides of the body both above and
below the lateral line are beset with sparse strong-embedded spines directed back-
ward. Allother specimens are naked, and it is probable that 4. polyacanthocephalus
never develops the circular spinous plates characteristic of A. humilis and some other
species.

The following table gives the fin rays in 32 specimens:

Spinous dorsal. Soft dorsal. Anal. |

| Beant a | |

lit hese ooeee )B:¢ x

Specimens - -- 2 30

: ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 421

Taken at Makushin Bay, Unalaska Harbor, and near mouth of Unalaska River;
_ at Shaw Bay, Unimak Island; at Herendeen Bay, and at the following stations in
Bristol Bay: 3229, 3231, 3232, 3233, 3291, 3296, 3303; depth, 74 to 33 fathoms.

; 62. Acanthocottus humilis (Bean).

This species has a very slender body and an extremely wide, flat head, the latter
strikingly triangular when viewed from above, due to the regular way in which it
tapers toward the snout. The species is further distinguished by possessing but 9
dorsal spines and by the presence of an irregular series of circular spinous plates
above the lateral line. These plates are not present in very young individuals.
They are beginning to make their appearance in a specimen 6 inches long, and are
invariably present in all our larger specimens. In adults the region below the
lateral line contains strong spinous prickles, mostly concealed in the skin and
directed backward. Some of the anterior ones may be broader and may have more
than one point, but none are circular with a rosette of short spinous points, as is
the case with the dorsal series.

Occipital crests long, gently converging behind, suddenly diverging near their
posterior ends. Distance from supraorbital to occipital tubercle 14 times the dis-
tance between the two supraorbital tubercles (the two measurements about equal in
A. polyacanthocephalus). A sharp ethmoidal ridge extends backward from the level
of the nasal spines to above front of pupil. Preopercular spines varying in length
as in other species, the upper spine in older specimens usually not equaling diameter
of eye. Pore behind last gill-arch always present. Spinous dorsal low, an unusu-
ally long interval between the two dorsals. Below are the fin rays in 23 specimens:

First dorsal. | Second dorsal. | Anal.

Specimens .... 1 21 |

The type of A. humilis has dorsal x-16; anal 13. According to Mr. Barton A.
Bean, two specimens in the United States National Museum, collected by L. M. Tur-
ner, at St. Michaels, have dorsal rx-15, anal 14, and dorsal x-15, anal 14.

In the young, the dark dorsal bands are less sharply defined than in A. polyacan-
thocephalus, and in adult specimens they entirely disappear, breaking up into sharply
marked black spots and vermiculating blotches and lines, which closely cover the
upper parts.

Specimens were taken in the seine at the mouth of the Nushagak River, and one
with a hand line at station 3290, Bristol Bay, 16 fathoms. All others were dredged
in Bristol Bay, at depths of 3} to 21 fathoms, stations 3228, 3229, 3230, 3235, 3242, 3243,
3244, 3245, 3248, and 3250.

A. humilis closely resembles the description of A. jaok, with which it may well be
identical. We do not venture to make this identification, as A. jaok is said to have
but 7 dorsal spines, a number we have not found in 4. humilis.

63. Acanthocottus verrucosus (Bean).

Heretofore known only from the type (34 inches long) collected by Dr. Bean at Plover
Bay, Siberia. The Albatross collected numerous specimens, the largest 16 inches
(405 mm.) long. Adults possess the same combination of characters assigned to the
immature type, having the top of the head strongly verrucose, the preopercular
spine short, supraorbital and occipital filaments present, and the rays of dorsal and
anal fins numerous. In addition they exhibit spinous plates along the sides,
extremely high vertical fins, and very large supraorbital and occipital tubercles,
from the summits of which the filaments arise.

492 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

The spinous plates above the lateral line are similar to those found in A. humilis,
the anterior ones at least being circular, with a depressed center, and having the
margin provided with a series of short, strong spines, sometimes interrupted for a
short distance anteriorly. Under soft dorsal and on caudal peduncle the plates are
smaller and less regular, being often much reduced in size, bearing 2 or 3 prickles
directed backward from the margin. Below the lateral line are plates similar to
those above, but fewer.

Cephalic tubercles are undeveloped in the young, but become very conspicuous in
half-grown and adults. One above posterior margin of orbit and one at hinder edge
of occiput are the largest and bear the short filaments. These rise very abruptly
without evident connection with ridges. Behind the supraorbital tubercle is a
smaller one, sometimes accompanied by one or two still smaller elevations, recalling
in their arrangement the digitate postocular ridges of A. humilis and A. polyacantho-
cephalus. A smaller tubercle is present also immediately in advance of the principal
occipital one. Preopercular spine short, the upper one not exceeding, sometimes
much less than, longitudinal diameter of orbit. A well-developed pore behind last
gill. Dorsals very high, without appreciable interspace, the longest spine sometimes
equaling length of snout and eye, 24 in head, equaling the longest rays of soft dorsal.

Fin rays are as follows in 16 specimens:

| First dorsal. | Second dorsal. | Anal. |

Specimens -.--. 15 1 2

The largest specimen is nearly uniform in the coloration of the upper parts,
showing but faint traces of the dark bars usually found in this group. In all
other specimens these are distinctly marked, though more irregular and less sharply
defined than in A. sellaris and A. polyacanthocephalus. As usual, there is a broad
bar under spinous dorsal, two narrower ones under soft dorsal, and a fourth on end
of caudal peduncle. The ground color is unusually pale. In a highly colored male
the lower part of sides is blackish, provided with roundish large white spots, the
margins of which are often made conspicuous by a series of minute black specks.
The fins are conspicuously barred. In most specimens a broad band of the light
ground color crosses occipital region and extends backward and downward, including
margin of preopercle above the spines and the greater portion of the opercle.

Taken at Unalaska, and in Bristol Bay at stations 3228, 3231, 3232, 3238, 3234, 3245,
3293, and 3300; depths, 5 to 30 fathoms.

64. Acanthocottus laticeps sp. nov. (Plates 26 and 27.)
Cottus teniopterus Bean, in Turner’s Contributions to the Natural History of
Alaska, p. 94, plate 6; not of Kner.

Differing from A. t@niopterus Kner in the following respects:

(1) The interorbital width is greater, 1} times the diameter of the eye in laticeps,
equaling the eye in teniopterus.

(2) Similarly the distance between the anterior ends of occipital ridges is 1% times
diameter of eye in luticeps, equal to eye in twniopterus.

(3) Conspicuous supraorbital and occipital tubercles in laticeps, each surmounted
by a fleshy filament; in taniopterus ‘‘crown and occiput are without prominences or
spines, covered only with naked warty skin.”

(4) In laticeps the preopercle has two diverging spines, a single downwardly
directed spine below them. In teniopterus are two downwardly directed spines
below the angle.

(5) The ventrals are much shorter, not reaching vent when depressed, while in
tentopterus they reach the anal papille. The dorsals are also much lower in laticeps.

Report U. S. F. C. 1893. Ichthyological Collections. (To face page 422.) PLATE 26.

ACANTHOCOTTUS LATICEPS sp. nov.

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 423

The principal features of this species are the very broad, flat head, the short, wide
snout, the projecting lower jaw, the two pairs of cephalic tubercles provided with
filaments, the verrucose head, the very short preopercular spines, the large pore
behind the last gill, the presence of circular spinous plates above the lateral line
and prickles below it.

Head and anterior part of body broad, depressed, the depth of head at occiput
1} in its greatest width, its length 2} in body. Body tapering to a slender caudal
peduncle, whose least height is equal to diameter of eye. Depth of body 4 to 4% in
length. Interorbital space very wide, shallowly concave, its width 1} times diameter
of orbit, and 4 to 44 in head. The low supraocular ridge ends in a blunt tubercle
above hinder margin of eye, which grows higher with age. Occiput depressed,
bounded by two low ridges which converge very strongly toward the nape, where
they curve out again in low, rounded tubercles. The inclosed depressed area is
twice as wide anteriorly as it is at the narrowest posterior part. A strong temporal
ridge, less distinct in young specimens. Nasal spines very small. Mouth wide,
transverse, oblique, the maxillary reaching vertical from hinder edge of pupil, 24 in
head. Mandible with its triangular tip protruding well beyond upper jaw in adults,
the jaws nearly equal in young. Length of snout equal to interorbital width.
Bands of short cardiform teeth on the jaws, and a broad patch on vomer; none on
palatines. A conspicuous pore behind last gill. Gill-membranes almost wholly
joined to the isthmus, the free border scarcely noticeable, its width less than one-third
the diameter of the small pupil. Eye small, shorter than snout, 5} to6}in head. Pre-
opercle with two short strong spines diverging backward, and a strong concealed
point below directed downward and forward. Upper preopercular spine about equal
to eye, but little longer than the lower, reaching one-third the distance from its base
to the tip of the opercular flap. Opercle with a well-marked longitudinal rib, ending
in asharp point. Scapular and subopercular spines present. Entire top and sides
of head, nape, and anterior dorsal region covered with small dermal warts. Supra-
orbital and occipital tubercles with short filaments.

Space above the lateral line with an irregular series or double series of large round
spinous tubercles. A few scattered plates on sides below the lateral line. Axil
smooth. Plates of lateral line concealed in skin.

Spinous dorsal low, its longest spine 14 in second dorsal, 3 in head. In some speci-
mens a single line of small sharp tubercles, resembling spines, extends along each
side of the rays of the second dorsal. The two dorsals are separated by a narrow
space. Pectorals large, reaching front of anal, the lower rays much thickened.
Caudal rounded. Ventrals reaching two-thirds distance to vent. Dorsal 1x-14;
anal 13; pectoral 18; ventral 1, 3; lateral line 36-40. Length 6-11 inches.

Color: Dark olive-brown above, with faint traces of blackish bars; sides spotted
or marbled with whitish. Belly, and lower parts generally, white. A blackish
blotch on cheeks, one on opercle, and a third on front of mandible. Pectoral rays
dusky, the membrane whitish, the fins crossed by three or four wavy black bars,
which sometimes join, inclosing oblong or roundish white areas. Spinous dorsal not
banded, the dusky and translucent areas variously arranged. Soft dorsal, with
five oblique broad dusky bars. Anal with four bars, sometimes uniting to inclose
white spots. Caudal similar to pectoral and anal. Brilliantly colored males are
largely black on sides and below, with many large, rounded, partially-confluent,
pearly-white spots.

Thirteen specimens from the Nushagak River, near its mouth; one from Herendeen
Bay, on the northern side of the Alaskan Peninsula.

65. Acanthocottus profundorum sp. nov. (Plate 27.)

A deep-sea form, allied to A. bathybius Giinther, from which it differs in the
obsolescence of the occipital and nasal spines, the absence of the accessory spine
in advance of upper preopercular spine, and in the more numerous rays of dorsal
and anal fins. From above, the head appears smooth and evenly rounded, without

:

424 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

projecting spines or ridges. The occipital depression is very shallow, the occipital
ridges depressed, scarcely noticeable, ending in depressed spines which are made
out with difficulty.

Nasal spines undeveloped, the nasal bone small, posteriorly pointed, but not fur-
nished with a projecting spine. Upper preopercular spine strongly compressed,
curved upward, not reaching opercular margin, its length equaling diameter of eye.
No spine at its base in front, as in A. bathybius. Below it are two short, strong
spines directed downward and backward, and one more slender downward and
forward. Opercle with a longitudinal rib ending in a short spinous point. A short
spine on angie of opercle, and one below it on interopercle. Mucous canals every-
where greatly enlarged, giving a spongy texture to the entire head; series of very
conspicuous pores on the preopercle, the mandible, and below suborbital chain.

Head 23 in length; depth 5. Dorsal vi1-13; anal 10 or 11; pectoral 17 or 18;
ventral I, 3. Lateral line with 17 pores.

Mouth broad, oblique, maxillary reaching middle of pupil, 24 in head. Mandible
slightly protruding. Minute teeth in upper jaw anteriorly in two rather distinct
rows, laterally in narrow bands. Teeth on vomer, none on the palatines. Eye
longer than snout, 33 to 4 in head. Interorbital width one-half diameter of orbit.
Gill-membranes widely joined, with a wide, free posterior edge. No slit or pore
behind last gill. Body smooth, without plates, granulations, or filaments. No
plates developed in connection with the lateral line. Pores of lateral line in a double
series; the two closely approximated, those of the lower series much the largest.
Longest rays of second dorsal half length of head, twice the longest dorsal spine.
Pectoral reaching front of anal or slightly beyond. Ventrals short, not nearly
reaching vent. Upper parts very light-brownish, the belly and sides below lateral
lines dark brown. Fins blackish. Mouth and gill-cavity dark.

Three specimens, 49 to 55 mm. long, from station 3329, north of Unalaska Island;
depth 399 fathoms. 5

66. Gymnacanthus pistilliger (Pallas).

We agree entirely with Dr. Bean and Mr. Dresel (Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1884, 251) in
considering the North Pacific species, G. pistilliger, distinct from the North Atlantic
form, G. tricuspis. We have not had an opportunity to make direct comparison
between the two, but find the following differences on comparing our specimens with
the current descriptions of G. tricuspis. G. pistilliger has a different fin formula,
the spines and rays of dorsal and anal fins being fewer in number. This is shown
by the following table, based on an examination of 40 specimens:

] Spinous dorsal. Soft dorsal. Anal. |
bere :
ayes esses: Ix DG eee 0 ene al es ae ers mer eri ||
Specimens ... 10 30 1 17 21 1 2 28 10

The normal formula may therefore be given: Dorsal 1x or x-13 to 15; anal 15 to 17.
The type of G. pistilliger is said to have dorsal 1x-13; anal 16; and its synonyms,
G. ventralis Cuvier & Valenciennes and G. intermedius Temminck & Schlegel, have
respectively dorsal 1x-13, anal 17, and dorsal 1x-13, anal 14.

In G. tricuspis, the formula is dorsal XI or x11 (rarely x)-15 to 17; anal 16 to 19.

The dorsal fins are more widely separated in G. pistilliger, where the interspace is
equal to half or more than half the diameter of the pupil.

The vertebre are fewer in number, 12+24, instead of 12+-28.

In G. pistilliger an obtuse prominence above the hinder margin of orbit bears in
young individuals a slender cirrus, which frequently disappears in adults. Behind
the eye a continuous occipital ridge bears three smaller bony prominences, the first

PLATE 27.

Ichthyological Collections. (To face page 424.)

Report U. S. F. C. 1893,

ACANTHOCOTTUS LATICEPS sp.

nov,

% ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 425
immediately behind the eye, the second and third approximated at posterior end of
ridge. These bear no cirri. G. tricuspis has no tubercles on occiput.

In males of G. pistilliger the postaxial region is furnished with a number of very
slender filaments, each of which is expanded at tip into a compressed frond-like
lamina, having the free edge more or less laciniate or fringed. These expanded tips

‘are bright white and very conspicuous. No trace of them is present in females, but
they develop in males ata very early age. These agree with the structures described
by Pallas, on which he based the name pistilliger. They seem to be absent in G.
‘tricuspis.

The upper preopercular spine is sharply bifurcate in even our smallest specimens
(50 mm.), but in these no trace of a second medial upwardly directed spine is

‘present. The latter is evident in specimens 70 mm. and more in length, and a small
concealed prominence representing a third spine is exceptionally present.

The following table gives in millimeters the total length, the depth of body, and

‘length of head in eight specimens:

Total Length
length. | of feuds Depth
Mm Mm. Mm
156 44 27
145 394 254
142 384 242
135 38 244
135 40 25
134 37 24
125 344 21
93 254 16

Very young specimens show no groups of granulations on head or nape, these being
usually wanting in specimens less than 100 mm. long. In older specimens they are
variously developed, the degree of armature dependent neither on age norsex. They
are never armed on interorbital space, being unlike G. galeatus in this respect, the
granulations being confined to the occipital and nuchal regions, with an additional
elongate patch on the upper part of the opercle. In highly developed males the
dorsal and ventral rays are accompanied with series of tubercles.

The color is brown above, with very narrow vermiculating lines of lighter; a
black blotch on cheeks, more conspicuous in males, and four inconspicuous crossbars
on back. The darker dorsal area is bounded below lateral line by an irregular
series of dark streaks or blotches. In males the lower jaw and preopercle are
eross-banded with black and light yellow; the abdomen, the lower half of sides in
front of anus, and the prepectoral region, have large roundish white spots, separated
by vermiculating areas rendered dusky by aggregations of coarse black dots.
Ventrals dusky and silvery, the latter frequently forming crossbands. Spinous
dorsal dusky or black, with irregular series of white spots not confined to basal
parts of fin. In both sexes the pectorals, second dorsal, and caudal are translucent
or yellowish, crossed by narrow black bars.

The females are more numerons than the males in our collection, but the disparity
in numbers is not so great as has been found by other writers. In 45 specimens

-examined as to this, 17 are males, 28 females. ‘l'aken abundantly in Bristol Bay at
stations 3230, 3231, 3232, 3233, 3237, 3238, 3239, 3240, 3241, 3242, 3243, 3244, 3245, 3246,
3289, 3291, 3296, 3300; depths, 34+ to 26 fathoms.

67. Gymnacanthus galeatus Bean.

A single male specimen, 210 mm. long, from Chernoffski Harbor, Unalaska Island.
The sexual peculiarities are less strongly marked than in much smaller males of
G. pistilliger.

The ventrals extend but little beyond the front of the anal fin, and are unmarked.

The abdomen is also plain, without the round white spots characteristic of male
7 . z

426 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

specimens of G. pistilliger and G. tricuspis. These marks were apparently absent
also in the type, as no mention is made of them. The spinous dorsal is not greatly
elevated, its longest spine being contained 24 times in the head. It is without dis-
tinctive markings, being colored like the soft dorsal, light yellowish, cross-banded
with darker. Anal papilla short, 5 mm. in length.

Plates on head as in description, covering the interorbital region, crown, occiput,
and nape as far back as front of dorsal; present also on upper part of opercle and
in a vertical streak immediately behind eye. A very prominent tubercle over hinder
margin of eye, a constriction behind it. Occipital region broadly rounded, without
tubereles or conspicuous prominences of any kind, but with three smooth areas
corresponding in position with the tubercles of G. pistilliger, and perhaps present as
such in the young. Theanterior one is slightly elevated. Nosuperciliary filaments.
Preopercular spines massive, short, with a single fork at tip, no accessory spines
developed. Axil with prickly scales but without filaments.

Dorsal x1-16; anal 19; lateral line 43; head 52 mm. long; depth 32 mm. The
depth is 64 in the total length, not 7} as described for the type.

This species is much more nearly related to G. tricuspis than to G. pistilliger. We
have had no opportunity to compare it with the former, and follow Dr. Bean in
considering it distinct.

68. Enophrys diceraus (Cuvier & Valenciennes).

Several adults taken with seine at Herendeen Bay, Alaska Peninsula. There are
6 or 7 strong barbs inclined forward on the upper surface of the preopercular spine,
which is very long, slender, and straight, reaching to below middle of spinous dorsal.
Filaments arranged as in L. claviger, but those on posterior part of body much more
numerous. Anal papilla very large, 27 mm. in aspecimen 195mm. iong. Thereseem
to beno prickles on region above lateral line or on abdomen.

Fin rays in 7 specimens are as follows:

| ppiious Soft dorsal. Anal. |
Bay eli acs, eee Peace ae VIII 13 14 10 11 12
Specimenssee sce teeea =e 7 4 3 1 2 4

L

Stomachs filled with molluscan shells, mainly limpets.

69. Enophrys claviger (Cuvier & Valenciennes).

A single specimen, 25 mm. long, from station 3233, Bristol Bay, Alaska; depth, 74
fathoms.

The upper preopercular spine is long and very slender, extending to below middle
of spinous dorsal, bearing small serrations on anterior and posterior edges of basal
half, but without larger teeth or accessory spinules. Area above lateral plates
thickly beset with minute prickles; posterior part of abdominal region and the
area above anal fin similarly beset with prickles which scarcely project beyond the
small tubercles in which they occur. A few larger postaxial prickles and a small
number of white filaments scattered along middle of sides. Filaments also at base
of preopercular spines and 2 or 3 at tip of maxillary.

Dorsal vi1I-14; anal 11; lateral line 35. It does not seem to us probable that this
is the young of ZH. diceraus, as Dr. Bean would have it.

70. Triglops beanisp. nov. (Plate 28.)
Triglops pingeli Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1883, p. 355, not of Reinhardt.
Diagnosis: This is the Pacific representative of the Atlantic T. pingeli, from which
it differs in the greater slenderness of the body, particularly of the caudal peduncle,
in the somewhat smaller eye, the more pointed snout, the less fine subdivision of the

PLATE 28.

Ichthyological Collections. (To face page 426.)

Report U.S, F. C. 1893.

TRIGLOPS BEANI sp. nov.

TRIGLOPS SCEPTICUS sp. nov.

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7 ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 427
lateral folds, the less complete investment of the fins with prickly scales, and above
all in the peculiar coloration of the male.

Dorsal x or XI, 23 to 26; anal 24 to 26; caudal 12; pectoral 18; ventral1, 3; lateral
line 48 to 50; branchiostegals 6.

Description: Body heavy at shoulders, tapering rapidly to the slender caudal
peduncle. Depth, 6inlength; depth of caudal peduncle, one-fourth its length from
base of last dorsal ray. Head, 33 to 3% in length; its greatest width slightly less
than its depth; its lower profile straight, the upper descending in a gentle, even
eurve. Mouthnearly horizontal, the maxillary almost reaching vertical from middle
of eye, 2} to 24in head. Villiform teeth on jaws and vomer, none on palatines.
Snout longer than eye, 3} to 34 in head; eye, 34 to 32. Supraorbital rim slightly
elevated, a groove-like depression behind it. Interorbital space rather wide, forming
a shallow groove; its width 3} to 5 in diameter of orbit. Occipital ridges obsolete,
a faint trace of them sometimes present, never ending in a spine. Opercle with 4
spinous points, the lowermost directed downward and forward, the others radiating
downward and backward. Branchiostegal membranes broadly united, free from the
isthmus.

Longest dorsal spine, 34 to 4 in head. Base of spinous dorsal, 1;°5 to 14 in head;
base of soft dorsal, 23 to 3in length of head and body; base of anal, 2;%; in head and
body. Caudal slightly emarginate, 2); in head. Head and upper part of body
densely covered with very fine prickles, much finer than in 7. scepticus. The lower
side of head, the maxillaries and a narrow strip along the lower side of cheeks
naked. The usual series of enlarged prickles along the base of dorsals. Lateral
folds few in number, scarcely exceeding the scutes of the lateral line. They leave a
wide, naked strip along the base of anal and do not encircle the caudal peduncle
below. Breast with 5 or 6 cross folds similar to those on sides. The scales along
margins of folds very small, those of successive folds widely separated, not over-
lapping, as in 7. scepticus.

Color: Light olive brown above, whitish on lower parts of sides and below; the
breast and belly, including area in front of pectorals, silvery. Back crossed with
four saddle-shaped black blotches, most distinct in the males. The first of these is
under the middle of the spinous dorsal and extends obliquely forward to the upper
‘axil of pectorals. The second and third are under the soft dorsal, narrowing rapidly
‘downward to lateral line. The fourth is on the back of caudal peduncle. In males,
the lower ends of these crossbars are counected by a narrow lengthwise jet-black
‘streak extending from shoulder below lateral line nearly to base of caudal. The
narrow interval between this streak and lateral line 1s occupied by a bright silvery
‘streak, interrupted by the dark crossbars. A black blotch at base of upper and one
tat base of lower caudal rays, and a small black spot near tips of the outer caudal
Tays; the fin otherwise unmarked. An indistinct, dusky blotch below the eye, and
ia dusky streak along under side of suborbital stay, extending forward along the
margin of the preorbital, to tip of snout. A blotch on middle of maxillary and
‘upper lip. Front of lower lip dusky. <A dark blotch on opercle, and a dusky bar on
‘branchiostegal membranes.

In the females the general pattern of coloration is the same, but the darker mark-
ings are less distinct, and the black lateral streak of the males is represented by a
\disconnected series of irregular dark blotches and vermiculations. In both sexes
the dorsals and pectorals are crossed by narrow, dusky bars, formed by series of dark
streaks on the rays. Mouth whitish. Gill-cavity silvery white, except the lining of
‘opercle and outer half of branchiostegal membrane, which is dusky.

Taken very abundantly at the following stations, located both north and south of
the Aleutian Islands and in Bristol Bay: 3214, 3217, 3220, 3231, 3232, 3233, 3235, 3237,
$238, 3241, 3248, 3250, 3264, 3265, 3275, 3281, 3284, 3287, 3289, 3290, 3291, 3294, 3296, 3298,
3300, 3302. The depths range from 7} to 42 fathoms. Specimens 82 to 140 mm. in
length.

428 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

71. Triglops scepticus sp. nov. (Plate 28.)

Very closely related to 7. beani and T. pingeli, but different in the following
respects: The eye is much larger, the snout shorter, and the maxillary shorter and
broader. The maxillary bone and the lower half of cheeks are invested with —
prickles, not naked. The lower thickened portion of pectoral fin is produced to form —
alobe. The scales on the upper half of the body are much coarser. The dorsal
series of enlarged prickles is much less conspicuous. The lateral folds are much
more numerous, averaging about four to one pore of the lateral line, reaching to or
nearly to the anal fin and encircling the caudal peduncle below. The ventral fins —
are much narrower and nearer together. The lateral line has a much more pro-—
nounced upward curve over the base of the pectorals. A short, high occipital ridge
is present, but does not terminate in a distinct spine. (Occipital ridge obsolete in
T. beani, a bare trace of it sometimes visible.)

Dorsal, x1, 21 to 23; anal, 22 to 24; pectoral, 19 (18 on left side in two specimens) ;
ventral I, 3; caudal with 12 fully developed rays; lateral line, 46 or 47; branchios-—
tegals, 6.

Body very robust, the upper profile descending rapidly from front of dorsal ina
regular curve to tip of the short snout. Depth, 5; to 53 in length. Least depth of
caudal peduncle, 44 to 4? in its length from base of last anal ray.

Head of moderate length, 34 to 3} in body; its width is 14 to 2 in its length.
Maxillary reaching to or nearly to vertical from middle of pupil, 2} to 24 in head. |
Mandible slightly projecting. Teeth on jaws and vomer, none on palatines. Two
blunt spines on occiput. Eye very large, 1} times the interorbital width and 24 in
head. Preopercle armed with five small spinous points, the upper one pointing’
upward and backward, the second and third backward, and the lower two pointing
forward. Opercle ending ina triangular spine. Branchiostegal membranes broadly
united, free from the isthmus posteriorly.

The upper part of the body and the top and sides of head, including all of cheeks,
the lower, anterior, and upper parts of eye, and exposed portion of the maxillary,
thickly covered with prickly plates. These are much larger, more spinous and scale-
like than in 7. pingeli, and are on sides loosely arranged in series. Spines and rays
of dorsal, caudal, and pectoral fins, covered with series of prickles nearly to their
tips, except the lower thickened rays of pectorals, which are naked. A row of
enlarged plate-like scales along the lateral line, becoming very indistinct posteri-—
orly. They are more numerous and less distinct than in 7. pingeli, 38 in number to
opposite the last ray of second dorsal. A similar series along the base of dorsal fins |
ending opposite the posterior part of second dorsal. The lower half of the body is
crossed at short intervals by transverse undulating folds of skin, about 180 in num-—
ber, the edge of each fold with small rough scales, causing it to appear sharply and
finely serrate. These scales are much larger and more spinous than in 7, pingeli and
those of successive folds meet and overlap. The folds reach from the lateral line
quite to the anal fin, and behind the anal completely encircle the caudal peduncle.
In 7. pingeli the space along the anal and the lower sides of caudal peduncle is.
naked. :

Dorsal fins not connect»d, the membrane from last dorsal spine connecting with |
extreme base of first soft ray. Spinous dorsal higher than soft dorsal; the dorsal
spines contained 2} times in length of head. Raysand spines slender. Base of anal
equal in length to that of second dorsal, a little more than one-third length of body.
Caudal truncate, with a number of short auxiliary rays above and below, and
12 fully developed rays, each of which is twice bifurcate. Pectorals reaching
beyond front of anal, the longest ray 14 to 1? in length of head. The lower rays’
are enlarged and exserted, forming a distinct lobe, some of the rays of which are
longer than upper part of the fin. Ventrals reaching beyond vent, very narrow at
base, inserted close together, the outer ray not provided with the broad membranous -
flap present in 7. pingeli.

PLATE 29.

Ichthyological Collections. (To face page 428.)

Report U. S. F. C. 1893.

TRIGLOPS XENOSTETHUS sp. nov.

Lateral and ventral views.

*

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 429

Color: Olivaceous above, light yellow with more or less silvery on sides of head
nd belly. Traces of four saddle-shaped bands of darker color reaching across back
ind below lateral line; one under first dorsal, two under second dorsal, and one on
back of caudal peduncle. More or less of the outer portion of gill-membranes black,
edged posteriorly with white. Gill-cavity black and roof of mouth dusky. Perito-
neum silvery grayish. Dorsal and caudal fins indistinctly blotched with black, the
blotch on the dorsal corresponding more or less closely to the bars on the back. A
large black blotch on upper part of pectoral and on sides of body just above axil.
Several specimens, from 68 to 155 mm. in length, taken from stations 3215, 3222,
$223, 3224, 3225, 3309, and 3339, south of Sannak and north of Unalaska Island, in
43 to 138 fathoms.

72. Triglops xenostethus sp. nov. (Plate 29.)
_ Differing widely from other species of Triglops in the investment of the breast,
which is without trace of folds and is covered by small, closely imbricated spinous
8 ales, not arranged in series. Inall other species of the genus the breast is crossed
by a few cutaneous folds similar to those on sides of body. In T. xenostethus the
si des of the abdomen are covered similarly to the breast, but the scales are arranged
in more or less evident series, some of which can be traced above into the cutaneous
folds. The body is not slender, the lateral folds are not very numerous, the scales
n head and on upper part of body are very coarse.
_ Dorsal x1-23; anal 23; pectoral 16; ventral1,3; lateral line 43; branchiostegals 6.
Body Euaeea. as in T. iingeli. rather heavy at Shoatioes tapering gradually back-
E> its depth 6 in length. Caudal peduncle slender, its least depth 4% in its
Eneth, which is two-thirds length of head.
i, The upper profile of head descends rapidly in a strong convex curve, unbroken to
tip of snout. Mouth large, maxillary reaching vertical from middle of pupil, 2} in
head. Eye 3) in head, snout3?. Interorbital space very narrow, one-fifth orbit, the
orbital rim not elevated, the space neither grooved nor tidged. A pair of broadly
rounded occipital ridges, not ending in spines. Nasal spines short and inconspic-
uous, a broad depression behind them. Preopercle with four ill-defined projections
between the mucous pores, but without definite spines Gill-membranes as usual.
Pectoral rays apparently all simple, the lower ones thickened. Prickles covering
dorsal region and back and sides of head unusually coarse and fewin number. The
‘usual series of enlarged prickles along either side of base of dorsals. Folds below
lateral line numerous, very oblique, two or three to each plate of the lateral line.
‘On sides of abdomen anteriorly to vent the prickly scales bordering the folds form
‘a dense mass in which the linear arrangement is still faintly visible. The breast is
‘covered with a very dense patch of similar scales still more closely crowded. The
lower part of cheeks and opercles and the preorbital region naked. Very light
‘grayish above, with the usual four crossbars, those under soft dorsal and on back of
‘tail broader than usual. Under parts whitish, becoming bright silvery on breast
and belly. A series of irregular silvery white blotches along lower margins of the
‘dorsal crossbars. Pectorals dusky at base of upper and lower rays, with two convex
‘dusky bars on distal half. Snout and cheeks more or less dusky.
_ Asingle specimen 66 mm. long, from station 3220, north of Unalaska Island, at a
depth of 34 fathoms.

ELANURA gen. nov.

t

Most nearly related to Prionistius, from which it differs in the presence of a series
ad enlarged scutes along each side of base of dorsal fins, in the presence of spinous
‘cross folds on the breast, and in the very deeply forked caudal fin. From Triglops
it differs in the forked caudal, in the great elongation of the body, and in the
lengthened dorsal and anal fins. It agrees with Triglops and Prionistius in all other
mportant structural details, including the exserted, more or less produced lower
ectoral rays.

430 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

73. Elanura forficata sp. nov. (Plate 30.) |

Most closely related to Prionistius macellus, with which it agrees in its extreme
elongation, in the production of its exserted pectoral rays, and in the investment
of the spines and rays of dorsal, caudal, and pectoral fins with series of minute
prickles (not ‘‘serrations”). The caudal fin is very widely forked, not merely emar-
ginate as in P. macellus; the dorsal series of spinous scutes is present, and also the
customary plates on the breast. The ventrals occupy the usual position and extend
well beyond the vent. The interorbital region is a wide shallow groove, unlike the
narrow space in P. macellus. There is a narrow naked streak on cheeks following
the lower line of the suborbital stay. The coloration is peculiar.

Dorsal x1-29 or 30; anal 30 to 32; pectoral 21; caudal 11; ventral 1,3; lateral line
54 to 56; branchiostegals 6.

Description Extremely elongate, heaviest at the shoulders, tapering slowly and
regularly backward, the ventral region often distended. The depth varies from
62 to 74 in length, equaling or nearly equaling length of snout and eye. Length of
caudal peduncle, from last anal ray to base of median caudal rays, varying from
& to 1) times length of snout and eye. Body everywhere compressed, slightly deeper
than wide, the greatest width and depth of head about equal. Depth of caudal
peduncle greater in females than in males, averaging three-sevenths diameter of eye
in the former, two-fifths eye in the latter.

Occipital region of head nearly square in cross section, tapering regularly. A
pair of inconspicuous low ridges diverging from behind eye; a pair of cross grooves,
one immediately behind eyes, the other on middle of occiput, hardly noticeable in
the young. Supraocular rim protruding laterally, anteriorly, and posteriorly, deeply
incurved above middle of eye. The interorbital space is wide, evenly concave, its
greatest width over front of eye equaling length of snout, its least width one-half
diameter of orbit. Snout sharp, with greatly convex upper profile, showing a faint
transverse groove behind nasal spines. Its length is less than diameter of eye, 34
to 32 in length of head. Mouth slightly oblique, reaching a vertical half way
between front and middle of pupil, 24 (in young) to 2} in length of head. Eye 35
(in young) to 3} in head. Gill-membranes widely joined, free from the isthmus. A
well-developed slit behind last gill. The nasal spines are minute, as in 7. macellus
barely visible. Upper preopercular spine short and simple, three lower ones devel-
oped as thin rounded lobes, irregularly serrate or spinous.

Squamation as in Triglops; the body above the lateral line and the top and sides
of head thickly covered with small spinous scales. Lower side of head, including
lower parts of cheek and preopercle and a narrow strip along lower half of pre-
orbital, the suborbital ring, and the suborbital stay naked. The series of slightly
enlarged dorsal scutes is very irregularly developed, the plates varying from 14 to
34 in 6 specimens counted. Lateral line slightly depressed above axil of pectorals,
thence ascending by a gently convex curve, sometimes nearly straight, with 54 to 56
scutes of the usual character, having undulating folds descending obliquely from
the posterior margins. Numerous secondary folds are also present, averaging about
2 to each scute of the lateral line, the total number of folds counted along lower
half of sides being in adults about 135. The anterior base and the axil of pectorals
and a strip encircling breast in front of ventral fins naked, the breast with a few
(5 to 10) transverse folds similar to those on sides. The lateral folds leave a wide
naked strip along base of anal fin and do not encircle caudal peduncle below.

‘Dorsal spines long and extremely slender, the longest 2} to 2} in head. The two
fins are separate, the membrane of the last spine extending to base of first soft ray.
Soft dorsal very long, its base 2} to 23 in length. It ends slightly in advance of last
analray. Base of anal 2} to 24in length. Anus anteriorin position, nearly midway
between axil of ventrals and front of anal. Ventrals inserted in the usual position,
their distance from snout 3% or 4 in length. Along their outer margin they are
provided with a wide cutaneous fold, as in Triglops beani. They extend well beyond

y ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 451

the vent in both sexes, reaching in males to or nearly to the front of anal. Pecto-
rals usually with 21 rays, the lower 7 simple, thickened, exserted, 2 or 3 of them
‘often as long as or longer than the branched rays above, the fin thus appearing
‘notched or lobed. The longest rays extend well beyond front of anal, and are con-
“tained 1} to 1} times in head. Caudal fin very sharply and deeply forked, especially
in male specimens, where the median rays are but half the length of the longest
‘ones. The caudal varies in length from five-sixths length of head (in males) to two-
‘thirds length (in females), and contains 11 rays, the lowermost (corresponding to
‘the uppermost developed ray) shortened and unbranched, as in Triglops.

Coloration similar in the two sexes. Light-brownish above (in spirits), the back
“erossed with the usual four saddle-shaped blotches; the first one broad, under the
‘first seven or eight dorsal spines; the second narrow, under the fifth to the tenth
rays of second dorsal; the third and fourth very narrow, under last dorsal rays and
‘on back of caudal peduncle. Between the second and third bars are two or three
‘similar fainter ones equally dividing the interspace. The bars are continued to
“below the lateral line, where they immediately fork, giving rise thus to a series of
‘vertical dark blotches mostly arranged in pairs; the interspaces between some of
‘the anterior pairs are provided each with a bright silvery spot. Under side of head
‘and body whitish, the breast and anterior part of belly more or less silvery. Lining of
sopercle jet-black, the color descending onto the uppermost branchiostegal rays. An
‘ill-defined dark blotch below eye, from which runs a narrow streak along preorbital
‘to front of snout, where it crosses upper lip. Lower lip black, except laterally. No
distinct markings on basal portion of pectorals; a small faint spot at base of its
upper rays, and a number of very faint bars sometimes visible in females. Males
‘with two conspicuous jet-black bars crossing terminal half of the lower thickened
‘pectoral rays. Tips of the narrow caudal lobes jet-black; no other markings visible.
' Several specimens, from 115 to 245 mm. long, from stations 3213, 3214, and 3222,

‘south of Sannak and north of Unimak Islands, at depths of 38 to 50 fathoms.
\

174. Prionistius macellus Bean.

‘ The elongation of the lower exserted pectoral rays and the “serrations” (i. e.,
‘minute spinous scales) on the fin rays are characters which Prionistius shares with
‘other related forms. The slenderness of the body, the emarginatiou of the caudal
‘fin, and the elongate dorsal and anal fins are also present in Klanura forficata, where
‘the two former characters are carried to an extreme. The characteristic features of
| Prionistius are the naked breast and the absence of the usual series of enlarged
“plates along base of dorsal fin.

| Four specimens, 77 to 87 mm. long, were secured at stations 3214, 3218, and 3223,
‘south of Sannak and north of Unimak Islands, Alaska, at 38 to 56 fathoms. The
‘ventral fins seem to be not more advanced in position than in the other species.
‘In other respects our specimens agree well with Dr. Bean’s admirably full description.
[

(75. Hemilepidotus jordani Bean.

) Taken abundantly in most iocalities visited, with hand lines at Unimak Island,
‘Amak Island, and Unalaska Island, and with beam trawl both north and south of
jthe Alaskan Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands, at stations 3213, 3214, 3215, 3217,
13220, 3222, 3259, 3262, 3266, 3281, 3291, 3292, 3294, 3322, and 3333, at depths of 19 to 50
fathoms. The fin rays range higher than in the types, as shown by the counts in
seven specimens.

| > Spinous dorsal. | Soft dorsal. Anal. |
5 | ‘3 |

RAYS sass cecennnccax a TIt, VII | III, VIIL 21 22 17 | 18
Specimens ........... 1 6 2 5 3 | 4

432 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

76. Oligocottus acuticeps sp. nov.
_Most nearly related to O. globiceps, with which it agrees in the slender curved
preopercular spine, not forked at tip, and in the absence of prickles on body. It

differs strikingly in the small head, which tapers rapidly forward to the sharp —

slender snout, and in the narrow mouth with lateral cleft, as seen in all other species
of the genus except globiceps.
Head 33 to 33 in length, slenderer and with sharper snout than in O. maculosus.

Length of snout equaling diameter of eye, 4 in head. Interorbital space slightly

concave, its width one-half eye. Maxillary reaching a vertical just in front of pupil,
3in head. Cardiform teeth on jaws, vomer and palatine bones.

Preopercular spine slender, sharp, curved upward and inward, neither notched —
nor forked. Preopercular margin unarmed below it. Nasal spines sharp. Occiput —

without ridgesor spines. Opercle thickened above, ending behind in a rounded lobe;
without definite ridge or spine. Branchiostegals 6. No evident pore behind last
gill. Gill-membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus.

A cirrus at inner base of nasal spines; 3 pairs evenly spaced on top of head, one

above orbits, one posteriorly on occiput, and one midway between these two; a —

cirrus at angle of opercle; one above each pore of anterior portion of lateral line.
Sides of body otherwise smooth, without further cirri and without axillary or other
prickles.

Dorsal fins usually slightly joined at base. Pectorals reaching to or slightly
beyond front of anal fin. Ventrals short, equaling length of snout and eye, extend-

ing little more than half way to front of anal. Anus anterior in position, thus —

differing from O. maculosus and O. analis, its distance from base of ventrals but
halfits distance from front of anal fin. Pores of lateral line 33, each of the anterior
15 usually accompanied by a cirrus. Fin rays in seven specimens are as follows:

| Spinous dorsal. Soft dorsal. | Anal. :
; = - P ss

|

|

Rayasers sscccoeser oes vil Vill 15 16) et 13 |

5 3 4)

wm
=]
rar)
i)
=e.
6B
o
i=}
@
'
no

Color varying with the surroundings, often nearly uniform bright green. When
dark markings are present, we usually find six short, wedge-shaped dorsal bars,
widening rapidly below and joining one another by their extreme tips. Below these
a dusky, wavy lengthwise streak and another wider one below lateral line. The
latter is marked posteriorly by round white spots, the size of pupil. Occiput dusky.
A black bar from eye to snout; one trom eye to behind maxillary; one from eye to
base of preopercular spine. The interval between these subocular bars may be
silvery white. Thespinous dorsal often shows two dark bars, asin O. globiceps. Ven-
trals plain. Fins otherwise finely mottled or indistinctly barred. Some or all of
these dark markings may be absent.

Four specimens, the largest 47 mm. long, from tide pools at Unalaska, are the types
of the species. Three others were taken in Departure Bay, Vancouver Island.

77. Paricelinus thoburni sp. nov. (Plate 30.)

A single specimen, 165 mm. long, was dredged at station 3350, off the coast of
Oregon, at a depth of 75 fathoms.

Our specimen agrees in most of its characters with P. hopliticus Eigenmann, but
differs from the description of the latter (The West American Scientist, October,
1889, p. 131) in the following important respects: P. thoburni does not possess a
pair of long barbels at the chin, but has others, not mentioned, above eye and along
margin of preopercle. The suborbital stay does not possess two strong upwardly
directed spines behind eye, but is thickly beset with a number of crowded smaller

ve

PLATE 30.

(To face page 432.)

Ichthyological Collections.

mt U.S F.C, 1893.

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 433

spines. The maxillary is contained 3 times, not 3}, in head. A distinct slit exists
behind fourth gill-arch. The origin of the spinous dorsal is above the middle of

opercle, not over its posterior portion. The lower portion of pectoral fin has its rays
very much exserted and somewhat produced, apparently not the case in P. hopliticus.
Following is a detailed description of our type:

Diagnosis: Elongate, with slender spinous head. Branchiostegal membranes
broadly united, free from the isthmus. Preopercular spine simple; a distinct slit
behind last gill-arch. Teeth in jaws and on vomer and palatines. <A palmate supra-
orbital cirrus; others present on preopercle. Nasal spine strong. Body thickly
beset with short, stiff villiform prickles. A series of plates along each side of base
of dorsals, bearing each a strong spine. Platesof lateral line spinous. Both dorsals
and the anal fin very long. Caudal rounded. Pectorals with the lower rays simple,
exserted, produced. Ventrals broad, 1, 5.

Paricelinus is thus not very closely related to any other genus. It seems to stand
nearest Icelus (rather than Icelinus), but differs widely in the structure of its ventrals
and pectorals, in the very spinous head, and in the nature of the body covering.

Dorsal x111-19 ; anal 23; pectoral 15; ventral1,5; lateral line 43 on right side,
44 on the left; branchiostegals 6. Very slender and elongate, the ventral line
straight, the dorsal outline descending rapidly forward to the slender sharp snout
and declining very gently backward to the comparatively short and compressed
caudal peduncle. Body highest at the shoulders, compressed, everywhere deeper
than wide. Depth 7inlength. Depth of caudal peduncle half its length from base
of last dorsal ray.

Head 34 in length, narrow, its greatest width equaling its depth, its profile convex
above the orbits. Mouth nearly horizontal, the maxillary reaching a vertical mid-
way between front of eye and front of pupil, 2in head. Teeth cardiform, in rather
broad bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Snout slightly greater than length of
eye, 3h in head; eye 33. Supraorbital rim greatly elevated, the interorbital space
a deep narrow groove, with a pair of low, rounded, lengthwise ridges along its floor.
Interorbital width 3} in diameter of orbit. The anterior half of supraorbital rim is
smooth, its posterior portion beset with crowded clusters of short, strong spines,
occupying the upper posterior quadrant of the orbital rim. Three of these spines,
somewhat larger than the others, lie one on either side, the other in front of the
supraorbital cirrus. Upper margin of suborbital stay continuous with that of pre-
orbital, elevated to form a thin knife-like crest which is irregularly serrate, with
short spinous teeth, the anterior of which are the largest. Between this ridge and
the eye lies a deep narrow groove. Astrong postocular spine is directed backward,
followed after an interval by two similar spines on occiput, the two series thus
formed diverging backward. Nasal spines very strongly developed. The upper
edge of the posterotemporal is minutely serrated. In advance of this is a series of
three spines parallel with the occipital series, the posterior one remote from the two
anterior. Opercle unarmed. Preopercle with three simple strong spines directed
backward, the middle one on a line with suborbital stay and slightly the longest,
its length three-fourths diameter of pupil. Branchiostegal membranes broadly
united, free from the isthmus for its entire width. Gills 3}, a distinct and compara-
tively long slit behind the fourth arch. Gill-rakers undeveloped, tubercular.

Body covered with slender, short, villiform prickles, which leave only a very
narrow naked strip along base of anal, and are continuous over the dorsal series
of plates, reaching base of the dorsal fins. A narrow band of prickles occupies axil
of pectorals, behind which is a widenaked area extending downward and backward
to behind base of ventrals, the two areas separated by a narrow mesial band of
prickles on belly. Similar prickles cover continuously the occiput, the opercles,
and the portion of cheeks and preopercles which lie above suborbital stay. A narrow
lengthwise band of prickles on cheeks below suborbital stay; the lower side of head,
together with snout and interorbital region, otherwise naked.

F. R. 93——28

434 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

A series of 34 broad plates along each side of dorsal fins, extending from the nape
to the middle of caudal peduncle. Each plate is transversely angulated, the outer
half directed outward and downward, the inner half nearly horizontally inward, |
the angle bearing a very strong, compressed, backwardly-hooked spine. The dorsal
fins thus occupy the middle of a flat dorsal strip, bounded by the two series of spines, —
A number of enlarged spine-like prickles accompany the lateral line, each pore of
which lies in the axil of one such. Anteriorly these prickles are arranged somewhat
definitely in pairs, two to each pore, but this arrangement is lost posteriorly. A
series of enlarged prickles is placed convexly at base of caudal fin. The upper
unmodified rays of the pectoral tin and all rays of dorsal and caudal fins accom- —
panied by series of prickles; other fins and the thickened pectoralrays smooth. Body
without filaments. No barbels at chin, nor on mandible elsewhere. A slender ten-
tacle, palmated at tip, above posterior portion of orbit, its length slightly less than
diameter of pupil. A slender branched tentacle near base of middle and lowermost |
preopercular spines, and a simple one at an equal distance below them. A similar —
broadly palmated tentacle on cheeks behind end of maxillary, lost on one side in
our specimen, but the scar apparent. |

Dorsal fins separate, the membrane from last spine joining base of first soft ray.
Spines very slender, the sixth the longest, 24 in head, very slightly shorter than the
soft rays. Base of spinous dorsal 1} in head, of soft dorsal 23 in length of head and
body. Front of anal under twelfth dorsal spine, the longest ray one-third head, the ©
length of the base slightly less than half head and body. Caudal rounded, 1? in
head. The lower six pectoral rays simple, thickened, exserted, the membrane very ©
deeply incised; the upper three longer than the branched rays above, the longest ©
extending to opposite fifth analray. Ventrals broad, the inner rays shorter than the ©
outer, which extend to opposite second anal ray. |

Color in life: Light olivaceous, with four brown crossbands, one under spinous
dorsal, three under soft dorsal. A series of nine roundish dusky spots along middle
of sides below lateral line. Back and sides with small golden spots and streaks; a _
distinct series of round blue spots above lateral Jine, and some scattered blue spots
and blotches on back and head, Iris green and dusky. Spinous dorsal light green, ©
crossed by narrow yellow lines. Soft dorsal translucent, shaded with reddish and
bluish. Ventrals translucent, posteriorly greenish, with white pigment. Pectorals
translucent, the rays crossed with reddish and greenish bars, which are little con-
spicuous. Supraorbital cirrus green; preopercular cirri white.

Named for my esteemed colleague, Prof. W. W. Thoburn, from whom I have
received important assistance in the preparation of this report.

78. Blepsias cirrhosus (Pallas). |
Not rare at Unalaska, where numerous specimens were taken in the seine. Not
seen elsewhere, and not taken with the beam trawl.

79. Nautichthys oculofasciatus (Girard).

Numerous immature specimens were taken in Bristol Bay and south of the Alaskan
Peninsula, at depths of 5 to 50 fathoms. Stations 3213, 3217, 3220, 3222, 3231, 3232,
3233, 3234, 3236, 3246, 3274, 3281, 3290, 3291, 3292, 3293, 3294, 3296, 3300, and 3302.

Family AGONIDZ.

80. Aspidophoroides inermis (Giinther).

Not abundant. A few individuals taken north and south of the Aleutian group
and in Bristol Bay, at depths of 34 to 59 fathoms. Stations 3213, 3219, 3220, 3265,
and 3322.

81. Aspidophoroides bartoni sp. nov.

Very close to A. monopterygius, with which Alaskan specimens have been identified
by Dr. T. H. Bean. From this species it differs in the much lower ridges, which
are slightly rounded rather than sharply carinate, and leave the intervening faces

: ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 435

shallowly concave instead of deeply so. The plates of the lower lateral ridge do
‘not in the young bear backwardly directed spinous points as they do in A. monop-
terygius. The keel in front of the ventral fin, prominent in 4. monopterygius, is
here nearly or quite obsolete. The same is true of the keel below the eye, and the
‘oecipital ridge. The plates in front of pectorals also protrude less, and in general
the angles and prominences are less marked. The space between the dorsal ridges
‘is less, its greatest width being half length of head behind middle of eye in adults,
and behind posterior margin of eye in young. In 4. monopterygius the same width
equals half head behind front of eye in adults, behind middle of eye in young.
Some of these differences scarcely admit of quantitative statements, but are suffi-
lciently evident on comparing specimens from the Atlantic and the Pacific.

General proportions, fin rays, and color are the same in the two species,

! Taken very abundantly both north and south of the Aleutian Islands and in Bris-
tol Bay, at depths of 114 t0 121 fathoms. Stations 3213, 3223, 3224, 3225, 3238, 3245, 3246,
$248, 3250, 3251, 3252, 3253, 3255, 3256, 3258, 3263, 3267, 3272, 3273, 3278, 3280, 3281, 3282,
3283, 3284, 3285, 3286, 3287, 3291, 3292, 3293, 3294, 3296, 3299, 3300, 3301, 3302, 3303, 3306,
8309, and 3311.

_ This species is named for Mr. Barton A. Bean, of the U. S. National Museum,
| oo whom I have received many courtesies during the preparation of this paper.

fj

82. Siphagonus barbatus (Steindachner).

; Stations 3239, 3240, 3242, 3243, 3244, 3245, and 3258 in Bristol Bay; depth, 44 to 70
fathoms. The dark band on sides is often yery strongly marked; the barbel varies
{much in length; the fins vary from dorsal vir to vi1I-6 to 8; anal 9 to 12.

'B3. Brachyopsis dodecaedrus (Tilesius).

_ A few specimens taken in Bristol Bay, at stations 3239, 3240, 3242, and 3248; depth,
44 to 31fathoms. In males the colors are much brighter than in females, recalling B.
verrucosus. The bars on dorsal fins in males intense black and bright white, instead
‘of olive brown and whitish, as in females. Males show also a larger black patch on
last anal rays, and have the interradial membrane of ventral jet black. In none of
ur specimens does the caudal fin show transverse lines of brown points, as described
by Cuvier. In both males and females the caudal is dusky or black; the median
tays lighter, the outer ones white. Dorsal rx or x—7 or 8; anal 14 to 16. In life
the ground color of upper parts is light olivaceous. The median portion of the
pectoral fins is largely red, divided by narrow lemon yellow lines into quadrangular
areas, each of which has a black spot in its center. Median portion of caudal yellow
at base, becoming reddish distally. A faint, long, reddish streak below lateral line.

B4. Odontopyxis frenatus sp. nov. (Plate 30.)

Body slightly depressed, tapering regularly backward from occiput, the depth
about seven-eighths of the width at base of pectorals. The ridges are prominent,
the dorsal and dorso-lateral ridges provided with strong spines, the ventral and
ventro-lateral series with weak or scarcely discernible spines, all decreasing in size
backward, becoming obsolete on caudal peduncle. Dorsal face deeply concave
anteriorly, its ridges coalescing from 3 to 4 plates behind the dorsal fin. Other faces
much less concave, the ventral ridges coalescing 3 or 4 plates behind the anal fin.
Plates in dorsal series 44 or 45; 5 or 6 pairs between occiput and first dorsal, 9 or
10 under first dorsal, 2 or 3 between dorsals, 7 or 8 under second dorsal, 17 or 18
behind dorsals. About 25 plates on breast, consisting of a strong median series
which bears a well-marked rounded ridge, a strong lateral series at edge of breast
also projecting, and a number of small plates occupying the concave intermediate
areas. In young specimens the breast plates have central elevations and bear each
a backwardly-directed spine. These disappear in adults. A number of small irreg-
ular plates in front of and on base of pectorals. Membranous intervals behind and
around vent smaller than in 4. acipenserinus, occupied by eight or nine irregularly
‘arranged plates, not in pairs and not corresponding to those of the ventral series,

436 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

between which they are intercalated. Medial part of branchiostegal membrane and

the gular region covered with roundish plates, the whole forming a halbert-shaped —
patch. Lateral line running on a series of small plates occupying the middle of the
lateral face. Anteriorly these entirely disappear, the lateral line ascending and —

running on the upper lateral series. About five large plates, sometimes bearing

spines, lie behind upper axil of pectorals, between this ascending portion of the

lateral line and the inferior lateral series of plates.
Head depressed, tapering rapidly to the snout; depth of head at occiput two-

thirds its width at preopercular spine, the latter contained 6} times in length of ©

body. Eye large, the orbit about equaling length of snout behind the serrated
rostral ridge, 34 to 33 in head. Snout somewhat variable in length, averaging one-
third head. Supraocular ridges strong, rugose, ending in a short, strong spine. An
inner pair of ridges occupies the floor of the interorbital groove, very broad and
closely joined anteriorly. The triangular space included between these latter ridges

is flat and opens posteriorly onto the depressed occipital area. Occipital ridges low, ~

rounded, ending in very strong spines which form the first of the dorsal series; two

or three small, rounded projections may occur on anterior ridges of occipital spines.
The top and sides of head are more or less closely beset with very fine prickles, —

which are most thickly clustered on occiput, interorbital area, upper part of opercles,
suborbital chain, and sides of snout. A row of prickles on eyeball, just above pupil.

Temporal ridge uneven, sometimes interrupted with a long, strong posterior spine.
A strong spine, sometimes with an accessory tubercle, on middle of cheeks. Pre-

orbital with two pairs of spines placed vertically, the upper ones directed outward —
and upward, the lower spines directed downward and backward. Rostral ridges —
rough, usually terminating posteriorly in a pair of spinous projections, which are —
located midway between tip of snout and front of pupil. Anteriorly, at tip of snout, —

these ridges expand to form such a vertically projecting, rounded, spinous lobe, the
posterior spine of which is much the strongest and points backward and outward.

In the very young the last-mentioned spines alone are present on snout, and are —
directed very obliquely backward. Anteriorly ridges converge from them to tip of —

snout and are very minutely serrulate. These ridges afterward increase in height
and in strength of serrations, and become the spinous lobes already described.
Two strong diverging spines at angle of preopercle and two rounded lobes below
them. Three large plates and a number of smaller ones occupy cheeks below sub-

orbital stay. Posterior portion of mandible expanded into a rough, projecting, bony

prominence.
Mouth horizontal, overpassed by the snout in adults for a distance equaling half

or less than half diameter of orbit; the snout not noticeably projecting in the very —

young. Maxillary reaching slightly beyond front of orbit, equaling half length of
snout and eye. Teeth in broad bands in jaws; a distinct patch on front of vomer;
none on palatines. Branchiostegal membranes broadly joined with a very narrow
free fold posteriorly or with none.

Six pairs of barbels on under side of head: One on under side of snout in front of
premaxillaries; two at end of maxillary ; one near middle of maxillary; one on lower
lip just below angle of mouth; one forked for half its length, at middle of side of
lower lip. In their distribution, relative lengths, and in the constantly bifid char-
acter of the last described, they correspond exactly with the barbels of L. decagonus,
but the latter has apparently none on under side of snout.

Interspace between dorsals somewhat variable, three-fourths to seven-eighths
diameter of orbit. The anal begins two plates in advance of second dorsal. Pec-
torals 54 in length of body, the lower rays graduated, four to six of the lower ones
thickened, with exserted tips. Ventral fins nearly twice as long in males as in
females, in the latter less than diameter of orbit. Cauda] slender, 1} in head.
Head 44 to 44 in length. Dorsal v1 to vi-7 or 8; anal 6 or 7; pectoral 15; ventral
1, 2; caudal with 11 rays and a rudiment of a twelfth below. Lateral line 40.

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 437

, Color, light grayish or brownish, pale below. A bluish-black stripe from rostral
‘spines to front of orbit. Suborbital, preopercle, and opercle with numerous dark
/spots. A dark blotch on the side, opposite middle of first dorsal; a faint dark bar
under the anterior and a similar one under posterior part of second tered Both dor-
‘sals with indefinite oblique dark bands. Pectorals dark except the lower proximal
‘part, with narrow bars of black; ventrals light in females, dark in males; anal dark
posteriorly; caudal dark, faintly barred.
| Stations 3219, 3225, 3226, 3227, 3255, 3256, 3257, 3258, 3263, 3269, 3279, 3282, 3309,
, 3311, 3313, and 3330, located on both sides of the Alaskan Peninsula and both north
j and south of the Aleutian Chain; depth, 16 to 351 fathoms.

(85. Odontopyxis leptorhynchus sp. nov.
‘ Very close to O. frenatus, with which it agrees in the arrangement of plates, the
‘spines on head, and the barbels. It is distinguishable at once by the elongate
“glender snout and differs also in the following numerous details: Body somewhat
‘broader and more depressed, its greatest depth a little less than two-thirds its
‘ greatest width, which occurs across preopercular spines. The body narrows rapidly
{backward to below spinous dorsal, as in young O. frenatus of the same size. Compared
‘with O. frenatus of the same size, the plates on body are much less spinous, the
‘superior and inferior lateral series and the ventral series in some specimens bearing
‘spines on a few of the anterior plates only; the spines of dorsal series are lower.
‘Five plates before dorsal, 10 under spinous dorsal, 2 between dorsals, 7 under second
dorsal, and 16 on caudal peduncle. The inferior lateral ridges rise anteriorly, greatly
‘ constricting the lateral face under anterior part of spinous dorsal. It then descends
‘slightly and becomes almost or quite obsolete, the series of plates ending behind
‘the upper pectoral rays. In O, frenatus the constriction of the lateral face does not
‘ occur, the ridge is strongly marked anteriorly, and ends below middle of pectoral
‘base. In O. leptorhynchus we have therefore a much narrower interval between the
‘anterior ends of the upper and the lower lateral series. This interval is occupied
_ by but 3 plates, arranged in a series, decreasing in size backward.
The upper preopercular and the humeral spines are much larger than in 0.
_frenatus, the former greatly overpassing the second spine. The rostral spines are
similar, but the terminal plate is roughened but not serrate, the posterior spine not
detached. Snout greatly produced into a narrow triangular piece, which overpasses
the snout for a distance equaling two-thirds diameter of orbit in a specimen 100 mm.
long. In specimens of 0. frenatus of this length the ends of the rostrum can barely
_be seen from below. A few prickles present on upper side of rostrum, and the
usual series above pupil. Minutely serrated ridges on sides of snout, and one below
eye. Noprickles on top or sides of head. Plates on branchiostegal membranes and
on gular region smaller and more numerous than in frenatus. Twenty plates on
breast, without spines, or the young with very small ones.
Head 4 in length. Snout 2% in head inaspecimen 100mm. long. Eye 34, equaling

length of maxillary. Interorbital width two-thirds eye. Branchiostegal mem-

branes broadly united, extensively free laterally, joined to isthmus mesialiy to

_ extreme posterior margin, or leaving a very narrow margin free. Teeth present on

jaws and on vomer, none on palatines. Dorsals vi to vilI-6 or 7; anal 6 or 7;

pectoral 14; ventral 1,2. Pectorals long, reaching to or beyond middle of spinous
' dorsal, as long as snout and eye. Ventrals equaling length of snout.

Color darker than in O. frenatus, the under parts unmarked anteriorly, dotted

_ posteriorly with brown; upper parts dark brown in spirits, with six or seven more

or less distinct black bands, which are margined narrowly with lighter. A black

streak forward from eye, and several black spots and blotches on sides of head.
~ Caudal blackish. Soft dorsal dusky, obscurely marked with lighter; spinous dorsal

—<

black, sharply blotched with pure white. Ventrals and lower pectoral rays white,
the upper part of pectorals with obscure bars of black.

A few specimens from stations 3215, 3219, 3222, 3229, 3259, 3265, and 3267, north and
south of the Alaskan Peninsula, in 32 to 59 fathoms.

>

438 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

86. Xenochirus triacanthus Gilbert.
A single specimen dredged at station 3350, near Point Reyes, Cal., at a depth of 75
fathoms. In life olive brown, with small pearly spots on back.

87. Xenochirus alascanus sp. nov.
Most nearly related to X. pentacanthus, with which it agrees in having a rostral
plate bearing three spines and in having the branchiostegal membranes without free
fold. It differs conspicuously in the broader head, with its much heavier spines and
ridges, in the presence of deep postocular and nuchal pits, in the smooth breast and —
cheeks, in the different coloration and fin rays, and in many other details. Head 44
to 48 in length; width of head equaling or slightly exceeding length of snout and eye. ‘
Depth of body equals length of snout and half eye. Fin rays in eight specimens as

follows:
; Spinous dorsal. | Soft dorsal. | Anal. |

Rays...---- eh ie eh Vo WS SWIG |=" veal: a7 a\emny eae

| SPECLMONS eases seer ese 1 4 3 | 6 2 | 7 1 |

Pectorals 15 or 16; ventrals 1, 2; lateral line 39 or 40.

A decided pit Denia the eyes, and a deep transverse nuchal depression, the two
separated by the prominent occipital region. Snout of moderate length, much |
depressed behind the spines, 3? to33 in head. Eye 3 inhead inadults. Interorbital
space wider, much more deeply concave, the supraocular ridges very heavy, minutely
roughened, ending posteriorly in robust spines. Rostral armature as in X. penta-
canthus, consisting of a small apical plate bearing three small diverging spines,
behind which are two longer ones. Preorbital with a small spinous point directed
backward. Aspine posteriorly on bony bridge across cheeks. Below this bridge
the cheeks are entirely mailed by three rounded plates, which bear no spines, except
in young specimens, and are so intimately joined that the sutures are difficult to
discover. In X. pentacanthus the plates are much smaller and do not entirely cover
the cheeks, leaving soft areas surrounding them, and the two posterior plates bear
spines. Maxillary 3% in head, barely reaching front of orbit. Teeth on jaws, vomer,
and palatines. The usual row of 5 or 6 prickles on eyeball. Preopercle with three
diverging spines at angle, a rounded lobe beneath them. Spines and ridges otherwise
as in X. pentacanthus, but stronger and rougher. Three or four strong plates present
on gular membrane; a few weak ones, or none, on branchiostegal membrane mesially. |
Two barbels at tip of each maxillary, and a pair, often double, on under side of
mandible arising from the margin of the anterior pair of mandibular pores. The
symphyseal pore has its margin sometimes provided with very short barbel-like
elevations.

Space between dorsal ridges very deeply concave in front of dorsal fins; the single
ridge behind dorsal fins provided with very short, scarcely perceptible, double spines.
Lower lateral series of plates continued forward to axil of pectorals (becoming indis-
tinct anteriorly in X. pentacanthus). Ventral series anteriorly with few short spines
or none; this series strongly spined in X. pentacanthus. Plates on breast arranged
alike in the two species, but in X. alascanus they are more finely striate and bear
neither spines nor raised centers, except in very young specimens. In X. pentacan-
thus the elevated centers may or may not bear short spines. Seven plates before
dorsal, 8 or 9 under spinous dorsal, 2 or 3 between dorsals, 7 or 8 under soft dorsal,
13 or 14 behind dorsals. Distance from snout to nape equals or slightly exceeds dis-
tance from nape to first dorsal. Front of anal under end of spinous dorsal or slightly
behind that point, more anteriorly placed than in X. pentacanthus. Ventrals 2} to
23 in head. Lower pectoral rays produced, with incised membranes, as long as head
behind rostral spines.

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 439

Color lighter than in X. pentacanthus, more or less finely speckled above, usually

' with five or six dusky crossbars on back. A series of linear dark blotches below

|

the lateral line. The head is often finely speckled with brown and shows traces of
a brown bar forward from eye to snout. Dorsals, caudal, and upper half of pectoral
light, finely speckled with brown, the caudal shaded with dusky. Ventrals and

anal white.

Taken rather abundantly in the vicinity of Unimak Pass, both north and south

of the islands, at depths of 35 to 138 fathoms. Stations 3216, 3219, 3223, 3225, 3226,
3257, 3258, 3263, 3309, 3310, 3311, 3313, 3322, 3334, 3336, and 3339.

88. Bathyagonus nigripinnis Gilbert.

In adult specimens the lower pectoral rays show a tendency to elongate, as in
Xenochirus, but the fin is never distinctly notched. The lower jaw always strongly
protrudes, and the genus differs further in the very thin cranial bones and the inor-

dinate development of the mucous system. In addition to the specific characters

mentioned in the original description, we note that the eyeball does not exhibit the
usual row of prickles, and that two barbels are usually present at end of maxillary,

either black or white in color.

The skull is firmer than indicated in the original description, the mucous channels
less conspicuous. Eye 3 in head. Interorbital width 3 in orbit. Anterior part of
supraorbital ridge strongly flattened and finely rugose. One occipital spine only.

In life, the body is translucent-grayish, the fins blackish, the lower side of head,
the belly, the anal fin, and the lower pectoral rays bright blue with golden reflections.

The majority of the specimens were obtained north of Unalaska Island; it was
also taken south of the islands, and off the coast of Washington. Stations 3210,
3316, 3324, 3325, 3329, 3330, 3331, 3332, 3337, and 3343; depths 109 to 483°fathoms.

89. Hypsagonus quadricornis (Cuvier & Valenciennes).

Taken north and south of the Aleutian Islands in shallow water; also at one
station in Bristol Bay. Stations 3213, 3214, 3217, 3220, 3223, 3224, 3262, and 3322;
depths from 34 to 121 fathoms.

Our specimens agree perfectly with the description of Hypsagonus (Cheiragonus)

gradiens Herzenstein (Bull. Acad. Imp. des Sci. de St. Petersburg, x111, 116, May 29,
1890) described from the Gulf of Awatscha in Kamchatka. Dr. G. A. Boulenger,

of the British Museum, has kindly compared one of our specimens with the type of
Aspidophorus quadricornis Cuvier & Valenciennes, and states that they are undoubt-
edly identical.

Body short, much compressed, the head also narrow and compressed, especially
above and infront. Nasal spines short and strong, a slender barbel of varying
length in front of them on middle line of snout. Ocular region abruptly rising
above the short slender snout, the eyes vertical, overarched by the supraorbital rim
which bears posteriorly a strong vertical spine. Interorbital space with a deep
median groove and without ridges, the occipital region depressed below the bottom

_of the groove. No deep pit on occiput, the space being gently concave transversely,

bounded laterally by moderate ridges, which bear posteriorly a spine preceded by a
long tubercle. A strong spine at lower inferior border of orbit. A strong spine at

_ upper preopercular angle and three smaller ones belowit. A strong spine above the

base of pectoral, behind and above which on sides are two strong spines nearly in

_ line with the upper lateral series of plates. Surface of opercles with a few short
spinous processes, but without definite spine. Vomer and palatines toothless.

Branchiostegal membranes broadly joined, forming a free fold across the isthmus.

, Mouth narrow, horizontal, terminal, the lower jaw included. Maxillary reaching

vertical slightly behind front of orbit, 3} in head. Eye large. 3 in head; snout 4;

_ interorbital width over middle of orbit, + head behind snout.

Nape rising very abruptly from occiput to front of dorsal, the outline thence
descending to near front of second dorsal, when it again ascends. The points of

440 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

origin of the two dorsals are therefore prominent, the profile concave behind them.
Body deepest under first dorsal spine, the depth 3f in length. Greatest width of
body near ventral outline immediately behind ventrai fin, 54 in length.

A series of small plates along base of spinous and anterior portion of soft dorsal,
bearing one spinule to each ray; plates all concealed, the spines alone projecting.
Upper lateral series of plates very small, bearing each a minute spinous point. This
series is narrowly separated from base of spinous dorsal and runs along base of soft
dorsal, the two series uniting immediately behind the latter, bearing each a pair of
diverging spines. Lateral series with very strong spines, the largest being the
anterior one of the lower lateral series. The upper lateral series is incomplete ante-
riorly, ending under the eighth dorsal spine. It isapparently completed by two very
strong spines, which belong, however, to the series of the lateral line. Ventral series
of spines small, running along immediate base of anal fin, the pairs uniting behind
the anal, the resulting plates bearing a pair of spines. As in the case of the dorsal
series, this union is more or less irregular and incomplete, the corresponding plates
sometimes failing to unite, and then either maintaining their opposite position or
alternating. Lateral line with few widely spaced pairs of pores, those of each pair
approximated, horizontally instead of vertically placed. The interspaces bear in
the posterior part of the body a minute prickle each; in the case of the two or three
anterior pairs these become very strong spines, nearly on a line with the incomplete
upper lateral series of plates. Anus anterior, nearly midway between base of ventrals
and front of anal.

First dorsal spine vertically over upper axil of pectoral. The fin is rigidly spread
in alcoholic specimens. The third and fourth spines are longest and about equal
length of snout and eye; interspace between dorsals equaling half length of orbit;
anal much longer than second dorsal, its first ray under last dorsal spine, its
last ray slightly in advance of the last ray of soft dorsal; anal membranes deeply
incised, especially anteriorly; caudal short, rounded; pectoral of two distinct divi-
sions, the upper portion consisting of four or five rays joined by membrane, the
lower part of eight entirely disconnected rays. These upper and lower portions of
the fin are used alternately in pushing the fish forward on the bottom, the upper
lobe bending downward and forward for the purpose. In the aquarium the fish
appears to walk, resting alternately on the upper and lower pectoral rays and on the
front rays of the anal. The longest pectoral rays reach to or just beyond front of
anal. Ventrals short, not reaching vent in females, reaching to or slightly beyond
vent in males. Dorsal 1x to xI-6 or 7; anal 9 or 10; pectoral 13 or 14; ventral 1, 2;
caudal 13; vertebree 8 + 28; lateral line 7 to 9.

Color: Blackish or grayish violet, paler below. Breast and belly in front of vent
marbled with darker. Anterior part of sides to opposite last dorsal spines dark, the
darker region limited by a still darker band, which runs up on the fin. Posterior
part of body paler, usually with three darker crossbars, the last of which often
broadens out to occupy all of the caudal peduncle. Caudal with a dark bar at base
and another at posterior margin, the extreme edge white. The dark vertical bars
are continued on to the anal fin; anal rays also spotted with black near the tips.
Ventral with a black bar or spot at base; sometimes a second on middle of fin.
Pectorals indefinitely crossbarred, largely pale on basal portion. The color varies
greatly, the lighter areas on body and fins often with dusky marblings.

90. Podothecus acipenserinus (Tilesius).

One of the most abundant species obtained, occurring everywhere in shallow
water around the Aleutian Islands and in Bristol Bay. Vertebre, 13-+-28. Stations
3213, 3215, 3216, 3219, 3238, 3239, 3240, 3246, 3248, 3249, 3250, 3251, 3252, 3259, 3264, 3265,
3266, 3267, 3269, 3271, 3272, 3273, 3278, 3279, 3280, 3281, 3283, 3284, 3285, 3286, 3287, 3290,
3291, 3293, 3294, 3296, 3298, 3299, 3300, 3301, 3302, 3303, 3309, and 3334; depths, 114 to
71 fathoms.

a>

os

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 441

‘Family LIPARIDIDZ.

91. Paraliparis holomelas sp. nov.

Closely allied to P. cephalus and P. mento, differing in its uniform coloration, its
more inferiorly placed horizontal mouth, and the distinctly included lower jaw.

Head about 5 in length; depth about 6. Dorsal 58 to 61; anal 54.

Head very large and heavy, with very broadly rounded snout and much swollen
occipital and nuchal regions. The highest point is over upper opercular angle,
from which the profile descends rapidly backward, though much less so than in P.
cephalus. Snout very blunt, evenly rounded, very slightly projecting beyond the
mouth, its width equaling the length of snout and eye, half the length of the head.
Eye two-thirds interorbital width, 3; in head. Mouth large, horizontal, quite at
lower side of snout, entirely below the eye; maxillary reaching a vertical slightly
behind posterior margin of orbit, 1{ in head. Teeth acute, arranged in oblique
series in each jaw, forming a very narrow band in mandible, a broader band in upper
jaw. Very large mucous slits on head, 5 forming a series from tip of snout below
eye and across cheeks, 6 along mandible and preopercle. Gill-slit wide, extending
from above opercular flap nearly to middle of base of pectorals, its length 2} in that
of head. Opercle forming posteriorly a narrow angular flap, projecting above base
of pectorals. No pseudobranchiz.

Vent below opercular flap, or somewhat in advance of that point, nearer to base
of pectorals anteriorly than to first analray. Pectorals inserted very low, the base
of upper lobe vertical, the base of notch and lower lobe horizontal, the upper end of
base below the level of the eye. Pectorals with two wholly distinct lobes, the inter-
space without free membranous margin, the skin of abdomen directly continuous at
this point with that of shoulder girdle. On dissecting off the integument, however,
the interspace between the lobes is seen to be provided with two or three short,
widely spaced rays, as in all other species examined by us. The upper lobe is long,
reaching beyond front of anal, with the rays close set, 18 in number, included in
the membranes to their tips. Lower lobe consisting of five or six slender, almost
filamentous rays, the longest reaching front of anal, all of them free to the base,
without connecting membrane. Anterior (lower) ends of shoulder girdles approxi-
mate, the rays separated by a distance equaling half diameter of pupil. Dorsal
beginning above base of pectorals.

Color uniformly black, including fins and lining of mouth and gill-cavity.

Two specimens, 95 and 100 mm. long, from north of Unalaska Island; depths 406
and 1,625 fathoms; stations 3308 and 3332.

92. Paraliparis ulochir sp. nov.

Differing from other Pacific species in the high insertion of the pectorals and their
short horizontal limb, and from P. holomelas in having the fins not divided into two
separate lobes. In general appearance greatly resembling P. holomelas, being also
uniformly black in color, having the same broadly rounded snout, horizontal mouth
with included lower jaw, and prominent occipital and nuchalregion. The maxillary
reaches vertical just behind pupil and is contained 2; times in head. Teeth acute,
in rather broad bands in both jaws. Snout broad and short, very slightly projecting
beyond the mouth, the distance from tip of snout to front of eye 44 in length of head.
Eye large, 3 to 3} in head, nearly twice the bony interorbital width. Gill-opening a
narrow slit, restricted to area above base of pectorals, not longer than diameter of
pupil. Opercle forming a short pointed lobe posteriorly, which touches base of
upper pectoral ray. The head is denuded of skin, so the nature of the mucous pores
can not be made out.

Dorsal beginning above upper base of pectorals. Pectorals placed higher than in
any other species known, its base describing a gentle even curve, convex backward,
horizontal for a very short distance anteriorly. Its upper end is above level of pupil,
and its lower anterior end is vertically below posterior margin of orbit. The upper

>

442 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

and lower rays of the fin are fine and crowded, the middle third of the base being
occupied by 4 or 5 more widely spaced rays. The fin has 25 rays, of which 9 belong
to the lower lobe. The upper lobe extends beyond origin of anal fin. None of the
rays are free. The lower anterior ends of the pectorals are closely approximated,
without perceptible interspace. Vent anterior in position; a distinct though short
anal papilla. Distance from vent to anterior end of pectoral base one-third its
distance from front of anal. Head about 5 in length, equaling the depth. Dorsal
about 65. Anal about 60. Longest specimen 85 mm. Uniformly black, including
mouth and branchial cavity.

The types of this species were taken by the Albatross in 1890 in the Gulf of Cali-
fornia, station 3010; depth, 1,005 fathoms. A single young specimen taken in Alaska
north of Unalaska Island, station 3332; depth 406 fathoms.

93. Paraliparis cephalus Gilbert.

Several more or less mutilated specimens were taken north of Unalaska Island and
near Port Reyes, Cal.; stations 3225, 3330, and 3348; depths 284 to 455 fathoms.

In this species the pectoral is inserted very low, its upper edge entirely below the
eye. The lower jaw shuts within the upper, but the symphysis protrudes. The dis-
proportion in size of head and body is more exaggerated in the young than in adults.
In very small examples the head is almost spherical, diminishing abruptly to the
very slender tail. No pseudobranchiz.

94. Careproctus ectenes sp. nov.

An extremely elongate form; depressed, but narrow anteriorly; the head as seen
from above appearing shovel-shaped, with truncate snout. The nape is not elevated
and the cheeks are not gibbous. The width anteriorly everywhere exceeds the
depth. The mouth is inferior and transverse, overlapped by the short, depressed
snout for a distance equaling diameter of pupil; the width of mouth nearly twice
distance from symphysis of lower jaw to angle of mouth, the latter reaching vertical
from about front of pupil. Teeth smail, weakly tricuspid, in narrow bands, the
lower jaw containing 10 series in each half, the upper 11. Eye large, contained 1}
times in total interorbital width, equaling length of snout, contained 34 times in
head. Nostril with a very short tubular rim. Mucous pores large; texture of head
and body firmer than in most deep-sea liparids. Gill-opening reduced to a narrow
slit entirely above the pectorals, its width equaling one-half diameter of orbit.
Opercle produced into a narrow spinous process, forming with its membranous flap
a quadrate projection over middle of slit.

Disk small, under the opercles and posterior part of cheeks, round in shape, slightly
smaller than eye, its diameter one-fourth length of head. The vent is separated
from disk by about two-thirds diameter of disk. Distance from vent to front of
anal, one-half its distance from tip of snout. Head 54 in total length; depth of
head, two-thirds its length; width of head, three-fourths itslength. Body extremely
slender, its depth at middle of total length equaling diameter of eye; at base of
caudal equaling two-thirds diameter of pupil. Dorsal beginning slightly behind axil
of pectorals. Distance from origin of anal to tip of snout one-half its distance from
base of caudal. Upper lobe of pectorals extending slightly past front of anal, the
lower lobe to opposite the vent. Rays of lower lobe partly free. Dorsal with about
51 rays, pectorals with 29. Color nearly uniform dusky-brownish; lighter on snout,
belly, and under side of head. Mouth, gill-cavity, and peritoneum white.

Three specimens, the largest 78 mm. long, from north of Unalaska Island, station
3331; depth 350 fathoms.

95. Careproctus colletti sp. nov.

Closely related to C. reinhardti, from which it differs principally in the elongation
and exsertion of the lower pectoral rays. These extend in all specimens to or nearly
to the origin of the anal fin, and are always free for the greater part of their length.
The head is blunt and heavy, with subvertical cheeks and bluntly rounded snout,

f

Ly

‘

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 443

_ the latter not projecting beyond the mouth. Nape not elevated. Mouth terminal

_ at lower side of snout, slightly oblique, its lateral cleft about two-thirds its width.
_ Lower jaw shutting within the upper. The angle of mouth reaches a vertical midway

between front of eye and front of pupil. Teeth lanceolate, acute, without trace of
basal cusps.

Head 5 in length; greatest depth (at occiput) 6. Diameter of eye equals length
of snout, 33 in head, 1? in interorbital width. Gill-opening a narrow slit entirely
above base of pectorals, its length three-fourths diameter of eye. The opercle is
produced posteriorly into a rounded lobe, which overlaps the gill-opening. Disk
oblong, of moderate size, placed under the posterior part of head behind the eyes,

_ forming in alcoholic specimens a very deep, cup-shaped depression with incurved

edges. Diameter of disk about equaling that of eye; disk separated from vent by
half its diameter.

Upper pectoral lobe reaching origin of anal fin; the rays of lower lobe elongate
and extensively free, longer than upper lobe and reaching to or nearly to front of
anal. The intermediate rays are not as short as in C. reinhardti, and hardly form a
separate division of the fin, the rays being gradually and uniformly shortened from
above downward to origin of lower lobe. Pectoral rays 29. Dorsal beginning
immediately behind the head. Distance from tip of snout to origin of anal 3% in
length. Series of conspicuous mucous pores on head, as in C. reinhardti. Color in
spirits, dusky; the tip of snout, under side of head, opercles, abdomen, and posterior
portion of vertical fins black; inside of mouth and gill-cavity dusky; peritoneum
black.

Five specimens, the longest 85 mm., from station 3338, south of Alaska Peninsula;
depth 625 fathoms.

Named in honor of Prof. Robert Collett, the distinguished author of the Fishes of
the Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition.

96. Careproctus phasma sp. nov.

Closely related to Careproctus spectrum Bean, from the same region; differing in the
much larger sucking disk and the narrower gill-slit, the latter confined to area above
base of pectorals, its anterior margin formed of the broadly and evenly rounded
opercular lobe. Head broad and flat above, subquadrate, with nearly vertical
cheeks. Snout very obtuse, broadly rounded, much blunter than in C. spectrum, very
slightly overlapping the mouth. Width of snout 1{ in length of head. Mouth very
broad, somewhat oblique, reaching a vertical from slightly behind front of eye, its
width more than twice the amount of lateral cleft taken axially. Teeth minute,
acute, in a moderate band in each jaw, arranged in oblique series within the band.
Nostril opening in a short but conspicuous tube, the tube absent and the pore
smaller in C. spectrum. Eye 4 in head, 2 in total interorbital width. Mucous pores
small. Gill-slit short, slightly less than diameter of orbit, overlapped for almost
its entire extent by the broadly rounded opercular flap, its inferior margin attached
to base of upper pectoral ray.

Sucking disk comparatively large, much larger than in C. spectrum, 1} times the
diameter of the eye, 34 in head. It is very nearly round, the transverse diameter
equaling or slightly exceeding the longitudinal diameter. Vent immediately behind
edge of sucking disk. Anal papilla slender, half as long as diameter of eye. Pec-
toral fin yery broad, barely reaching front of anal, the lower rays equaling the
upper, extensively free at tip; 34 rays in the pectoral fin, the lower lobe containing
8or9. Dorsal beginning behind the gill-opening at a distance equaling diameter of
eye, the fin with 53 rays. Skin exceedingly soft, thick, and lax in the alcoholic
specimen, forming foldsyon head and body and concealing the rays of the fins. Color
uniform white in spirits.

Two specimens, 80 to 85 mm. long, from Bristol Bay, stations 3254 and 3256; depths
46 and 49 fathoms.

| 444 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

|

U

97. Careproctus ostentum sp. nov.

Differing from C. spectrum in the minute size of the sucking disk, which is reduced
to a mere rudiment entirely concealed by the anterior (lower) lobes of the pectoral
fins, about 1 mm. in diameter in a specimen 78 mm.long. The snout is longer and
more pointed than in C. phasma or C. spectrum, its width little greater than its
length, 2} in head. Mouth with very distinct lateral cleft, its width less than its
length. Maxillary reaching a vertical line crossing orbit behind pupil, 1,%5 1m head.
Teeth minute, in natrow bands, indistinctly tricuspid. Eye equaling length of snout,
14 in total width of interorbital area. The true bony interorbital width is much
narrower than this. The epidermis of the head is largely lost, and the width of the
gill-slit can not be determined. A short nostril tube. Fins as in C. spectrwm and
C. phasma. Skin loose, thinner than in C. phasma. Color white or slightly brownish,
minutely punctulate with black.

Three specimens from north of Unalaska Island, stations 3324 and 3331; depths
109 and 350 fathoms.

98. Careproctus simus sp. nov.

A species with very heavy head and body and inferior transverse mouth, over-
lapped by the thick rounded snout. The appearance is much that of Khinoliparis
barbulifer, but the anterior parts are much heavier, the nape more elevated, the
snout shorter and blunter, and the latter without barbels. The snout extends
beyond front of eyes for a distance (measured axially) equal to two-thirds diameter
of orbit, and projects beyond the mouth for one-half that distance. Mouth trans-
verse, its width nearly twice the distance from symphysis of lower jaw to angle of
mouth, the latter reaching a vertical midway between front of eye and pupil.
Teeth indistinctly tricuspid, in narrow bands, 11 or 12 series in each half of lower
jaw, 8 or 9 in the upper. Nostrils without tube. Eye large, one-third length of
head, equaling snout, 14 in total interorbital width. Gill-slit moderate, two-fifths
of it opposite upper pectoral rays, its width two-thirds diameter of eye. The
opercle is prolonged into an acute lobe overlapping middle of shit.

Disk rather small, round, under posterior part of eye; its diameter seven-ninths
that of eye. Vent immediately behind it, equidistant from front of anal and angle
of mouth. Pectorals inserted high, the upper edge on a level with the middle of
eye. The fin is continuous, the median rays greatly shortened, the lower ones again
longer, with exserted free tips. The upper lobe extends beyond front of anal and
equals length of head behind snout. The lower rays are two-thirds the length of
the upper ones. Pectoral with 33 rays. Origin of dorsal fin just behind axil of pec-
torals, continuous posteriorly with the caudal fin, which is very narrow and not
distinct. Origin of anal at end of first third of length. Whitish or light brown,
dusky posteriorly on body and fins. Mouth, gill-cavity, and peritoneum white.

One specimen, 80 mm. long, from north of Unalaska Island, station 3331; depth
350 fathoms.

GYRINICHTHYS gen. nov. (LIPARIDID.)

Teeth simple, not tricuspid. Body attenuate posteriorly, as in Paraliparis, the
tail scarcely distinct. Disk small under the posterior part of the head; the vent
immediately behind it. Pectorals without anterior lobe, the rays progressively
shortened, none of them exserted or with free tips. Gill-openings reduced to a
minute round pore, well above base of pectorals. (Type G. minytremus sp. nov.)

99. Gyrinichthys minytremus sp. nov.

Body in the type greatly distended with eggs; the original shape difficult to ascer-
tain, tapering posteriorly into an extremely slender compressed tail. Head slender, not
greatly depressed, the depth and width about equal. Nuchal region not elevated,
the profile rising but little behind the snout, which is blunt, with almost vertical
profile. Moutb very small, almost entirely transverse at end of snout, with but little
lateral cleft, the angle of mouth scarcely reaching vertical from nostril. Jaws

—oeee

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 445

even; the snout very slightly protruding beyond premaxillaries. Teeth slender,
acicular, without cusps, the inner teeth longest. Bands of teeth very narrow, with
but five or six oblique series in each half of each jaw. The teeth are directed back-
ward, but are scarcely depressible. Nostrils without tube. Eye large, 14 in total
interorbital width, equaling length of snout. Gill-opening a small pore, scarcely
larger than nostril, well separated from upper margin of pectoral. Disk of moderate
size, round, its diameter equaling half length of head. Vent close behind disk, sepa-
rated from it by one-sixth its distance from front of anal fin.

Pectoral small, its upper edge on a level with lower margin of eye, the two fins
converging under the throat, the anterior rays progressively shortened, all included
within the membrane. Dorsal without any detached anterior portion, beginning
well behind the head, at a distance from gill-opening equaling one-half length of
head. Like the anal, it is continuous with the very narrow caudal fin, there being no
notch or evident separation between them. Distance from tip of snout to front of anal
12 in distance of latter from base of caudal. Dorsal withabout45rays. Caudal with
a very narrow base, containing apparently 14 rays, its length equaling that of snout
and eye. Color light brownish, everywhere dusted with minute black specks, which
are largest on back and tail. Lining of mouth and gill-cavity and peritoneum white.

A single specimen, 67 mm. long, from station 3331, north of Unalaska Island;
depth 350 fathoms.

Eggs large, visible through the abdominal wall, about 34 mm. in diameter.

RHINOLIPARIS gen. nov. (LIPARIDIDZ.)

Allied to Paraliparis, from which it differs in the greatly produced snout, which
much overlaps the mouth and bears at its tip a pair of barbels. No sucking disk.
Vent anterior, between the pectoral fins. Pectorals deeply notched, continuous.
Gill-openings narrow, mostly above the pectorals. Teeth acute, in a broad band in
each jaw, arranged in oblique series within the band. (Type &. barbulifer sp. nov.)

100. Rhinoliparis barbulifer sp. nov.

Slender, compressed, the greatest depth just in front of dorsal, the nuchal region
not greatly swollen. Body tapering into an extremely slender, almost filamentous
tail. Mouth small, horizontal, inferior, overpassed by the broadly rounded, very

soft snout for a distance equaling diameter of pupil. At the tip of the snout, sepa-

rated by a space half as wide as pupil, are two barbels directed forward, each as
long as the interspace. Maxillary reaching vertical from posterior border of orbit,
24 in head. Eye large, slightly less than one-third head. Bony portion of inter-
orbital width narrow, three-fourths diameter of pupil. Gill-slit narrow, beginning
opposite upper pectoral rays, two-thirds diameter of orbit. No pseudobranchiz.
Opercle prolonged posteriorly into a narrow pointed flap. Round mucous pores
along under side of snout and suborbital and on under side of mandible.

Pectorals of two lobes, the lower narrow, containing but 4 or 5 rays, the upper
with about 15, one or two widely spaced rays connecting the two, none of the rays
free. The fin is inserted high, the upper end of base on a level with upper edge of
pupil. Below, the fins are not approximated as closely as usual, the lowermost rays
of the two fins separated by an interspace as wide as pupil, inserted vertically below
middle of cheeks. The dorsal originates slightly in front of gill-slit.

Vent anterior in position, its distance from front of pectorals two-fifths its distance
from front of anal fin, Head 5} in length; depth 7. Length of specimen described
85mm. In spirits, light gray, dusky along bases of dorsal and anal fins, and on the
nape. The black lining of abdominal cavity, gill-cavity, and mouth can be seen
through the transparent integuments. Eye also black. Barbels transparent, hence
very inconspicuous.

Several specimens taken north of Unalaska Island, stations 3227, 3325, 3326, 3329,
3330, 3331, and 3332; depths 225 to 576 fathoms.

446 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

101. Liparis pulchellus (Ayres).
A single specimen dredged in Bristol Bay, Alaska, station 3269; depth 16 fathoms,

102. Liparis cyclopus Giinther.

Two specimens from Bristol Bay, Alaska (station 3230; depth, 3} fathoms), are
referred to this species. Garman places L. cyclopus in the synonymy of L. calliodon,
but our specimens are undoubtedly distinct from the species described by Garman
under this name (Discoboli, p. 54, pl. v1, figs. 1-5) from a specimen said to originate
from San Francisco. Our Alaska specimens are much more slender, with wide,
depressed head, without nuchal elevation, with the dorsal fin beginning posteriorly
slightly in front of the vertical from the vent, and the disk separated from the vent
by a distance less than its own diameter. The mouth is also much smaller, not at all
oblique, its angle in advance of vertical from front of eye. Dorsal 33; anal 30;
caudal 12; pectoral 29, Gill-slit extending downward to opposite the upper three or
four pectoral rays. Dorsal and anal fins not joined to caudal. Disk 2} in head.

103. Liparis agassizii Putnam.
Several young examples were dredged in Bristol Bay, Alaska; stations 3241, 3247
and 3301; depths 14 and 17 fathoms.

104. Liparis cyclostigma sp. nov.

A robust, compressed species, with broad, gently convex head, the nape not ele-
vated, a comparatively wide gill-opening, a single continuous dorsal fin, the dorsal
and anal broadly joined to the caudal, and the coloration peculiar. Profile gently
and evenly declining from nape to end of premaxillary processes, thence descending
more steeply to tip of snout. Interorbital space very wide, equaling length of snout
and half of eye, 2? in head. Distance from tip of snout to front of exposed portion
of eye 2,°5 in head.

Head 32 in length. Mouth terminal, broad and transverse with but little lateral
cleft, the two jaws equal, the lower not included. The maxillary is entirely bound
down by skin of head, reaching vertieal from front of pupil, the angle of mouth in
advance of eye. Bands of teeth extremely broad, the teeth very small, all tricuspid,
the outer ones minute, those toward inner margin of jaw increasing in size. The
anterior series in each jaw are nearly transverse, the lateral series becoming succes-
sively more and more oblique, the uppermost nearly parallel with the jaw; about 20
series in each side of lower jaw, 30 on each side of upper jaw. The width of band
in upper jaw equals two-thirds diameter of exposed portion of eve, which is one-
fourth length of snout, two-sevenths interorbital width. Nostrils without tube.

Lower lip distinct on lateral three-fifths or two-thirds of mandible. Gill-opening ~

wide, extending downward to opposite base of fifteenth pectoral ray, the length of
the slit 22 in head. Disk large, oblong, its longitudinal diameter 2 in head, equaling
its distance from anus and twice the distance of the latter from base of first anal
ray. Pyloric ceca 28.

Pectoral very broad, inserted low, its upper margin on a level with premaxillaries,
much below the eye. The rays decrease but little in length from the first to the
twentieth, and form a very broad evenly rounded lobe. Below the twentieth the
rays decrease gently and have exserted tips, until the shortest ray equals two-thirds
the longest upper ray. There follow three or four somewhat longer rays, the tips
still further exserted, then four or five rays which decrease rapidly, the shortest
anterior one equaling diameter of eye. Longest pectoral ray 1} in head. Base of
first dorsal ray in a vertical passing through axil of pectoral. Longest dorsal ray

2 in head, the last rays rapidly shortened so as to produce a notch at union with
the caudal, the last ray less than two-thirds the longest, the dorsal membrane join-
ing at end of basal third of caudal. The anal fin is equal in height to the dorsal, but
the last rays are but little shortened, so that no notch exists posteriorly. It forms a
much broader union with the caudal, which it joins at the end of its basal two-
thirds. Caudal broad, rounded, the outer rays four-fifths the length of middle rays,

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 447

which equal the length of head without the snout. Dorsal 44; anal 34; pectoral 42;
caudal 14.

Colors in life: Olivaceous above, overlaid with light grayish. Belly and lower
side of head hght yellow. Body and fins with large brownish-red spots and blotches,
usually roundish, each having a darker margin surrounded with a light ring.

A single specimen, 360 mm. long, from Bristol Bay (statiori 3252), in 294 fathoms.

105. Liparis fucensis sp. nov.
LTiparis calliodon Garman, The Discoboli, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. x1v, No. 2,
p.54; not Cyclopterus callyodon Pallas.

Numerous specimens dredged by the Albatross in the Straits of Fuca on a subse-
‘quent expedition (August, 1891) serve as the types of this species. It is probably the
‘same as that described by Garman as Liparis calliodon, his description being based
/on specimens ‘‘said to have been taken near San Francisco.” It is not evident from
‘the text whether the same specimens served as basis for the figures (plate v1, figs.

1-5), concerning which we have no separate data.

Following is a description of the types from Albatross Station 3451, Straits of
Fuca, depth 106 fathoms: Moderately elongate, compressed; head depressed, with the
_gibbous snout and occiput separated by the depressed interorbital area which forms
-ashallow transverse groove. Snout not blunt, the mouth terminal, nearly horizon-
‘tal, with included mandible, the maxillary reaching to or nearly to the vertical
from front of pupil, 3in head. Teeth all tricuspid. Eye of moderate size, contained
5? in length of head, 1 to 14 times in bony interorbital width, 1% times in snout. The
/posterior nostril without tube, the anterior with a short tube, less than diameter of
|pupil. Gill-slit comparatively wide, its width equaling length of snout and half
\eye, overlapped by a conspicuous triangular prolongation of the opercle. The slit
_extends down to opposite the upper third of the pectoral fin.

Disk circular, of rather small size, distant from tip of snout 1} times its own
diameter, from vent 1} times. Diameter of disk, 2?timesin head. Distance from tip
‘of snout to vent, 1? to 13 in distance from tail.

Pectorals extending to a vertical midway between vent and front of anal. Lower
(rays produced, forming a narrow distinct lobe. The first 5 dorsal rays spinous,
/unsegmented, shorter than the succeeding segmented rays, from which they are not
‘separated by notch. Dorsal and anal free from caudal, the last rays being rapidly
‘shortened, giving a rounded contour to the posterior portions of the two fins.

Head 3} to 34 in length; depth 4 to 42; dorsal v, 30; anal 28 or 29; caudal 18 or
.20; pectoral 38 or 39.

Two styles of coloration are observed: One, plain olive-brown, with minute dark
|points, whitish below; the other, with numerous narrow lengthwise streaks of
light olive and dark olive-brown, which extend forward on top and sides of head;
iin both cases the belly is whitish and the fins dusky, mottled with darker, the
(mottlings forming indistinct crossbars on the caudal fin.

'106. Neoliparis callyodon (Pallas. )
Liparis mucosus Garman, The Discoboli, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. xiv, No. 2, p.
52; p. 52; not of Ayres.
Several young specimens were taken from under stones between tidemarks at
Unalaska May 24 and June 16, 1890.

BATHYPHASMA gen. nov.

A deep-sea Liparid, differing from typical members of the genus Liparis in having
(the teeth long and slender, acuminate, sharp, with no trace of lateral lobes. The
ventral disk is large, amd occupies the position usual in Liparis. An approach
‘to the condition here found is evident in Actinochir major, in which, according to
Liitken, the teeth are at first tricuspid, becoming mostly simple with age. In
Bathyphasma the ventral disk is simple, without the intramarginal papille which
‘are usually present in Liparis and correspond to the tips of the spines and rays.

>

448 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

107. Bathyphasma ovigerum sp. nov.

Occipital region greatly elevated, the upper profile of head strongly decurved
above the orbits, a line from occiput to end of premaxillary processes forming an
angle of 45 degrees with axis of body. In front of tips of premaxillary processes
the snout descends almost vertically. Posteriorly the body tapers uniformly and
slowly, the width of base of tail equaling one-half diameter of eye. Length of head
equaling depth of body, 3% in length. Mouth large, horizontal, not overpassed by
the snout; the lower jaw slightly shorter than the upper, not distinctly included.
The maxillary reaches a vertical from posterior edge of orbit, its length 2} in head,
its width 13 in head. Upper lip complete, the fold of lower lip extending half way
from angle of mouth to symphysis.

Bands of teeth very wide in the front of each jaw, becoming narrower laterally
where the series are few in number and nearly parallel with the jaw. Anteriorly
the series grow more and more oblique, until at front of jaw they are nearly trans-
verse. The teeth are all simple and slender, without cusps, directed very obliquely
backward, and movably implanted so as to admit of still further depression. The
outer teeth in both jaws are very short, the inner ones growing gradually longer
and becoming acicular; 16 series of teeth on each side of lower jaw, 22 series on
each side of upper jaw.

Posterior nostril in a short, wide tube. Eye large, the diameter of its exposed
portion 24 in total interorbital width, 7 in head. Cheeks and temporal region
swollen, the suborbital stay running in a notable depression between the two. Gill-slit
wide, extending downward to opposite upper pectoral rays, longer than snout, 23
in head. Mucous pores minute, on sides of snout, mandible, and preopercle, none
visible on top of head.

Disk large, nearly round, its center slightly in advance of gill-slit, its length 34 in
head, the distance from its posterior margin to vent equaling four-fifths its own
diameter. A small anal papilla. Pyloric ceca 19.

Pectoral with 34 rays, not notched, the lower rays regularly diminishing in length
to the fifth or sixth before the last, the next two or three abruptly lengthened and
exserted. The longest ray of upper lobe equals length of snout and eye; the longest
rays of lower lobe equals length of snout and half eye. The dorsal fin begins
slightly behind upper axil of pectorals and contains 43 rays, the longest of which
equals the distance from tip of snout to front of pupil. The origin of anal fin is half
the diameter of the eyein front of the middle of body. Itcontains34rays. Caudal
ray long and slender, with 12 rays, its basal two-fifths confluent with dorsal and
anal, its length equal to that of pectoral fin.

Skin thin, not conspicuously lax. Head, body, and fins white, inconspicuously
mottled with light brown. A single specimen, 315 mm. in total length, from station
3342, off Queen Charlotte Islands, depth 1,588 fathoms. .

The type is a male with well-developed testes, and contained in its mouth when
captured a spherical mass of eggs evidently belonging to this species. The eggs
measure 44 mm. in diameter, and are well along in their development, the embryos
distinctly visible through the very tough egg-membranes. The general form of head
and body can be made out, and the long, continuous dorsal and anal fins running
backward into the tail. It is probable that the male fish protects the eggs in this
manner until after hatching.

Family CYCLOPTERIDA.

108. Bumicrotremus orbis (Giinther).

Three young specimens, the largest 27 mm. long, were dredged south of Sannak
Islands and in Bristol Bay (stations 3213, 3258, and 3274; depths 19 to 70 fathoms).
Fin-rays in our specimens are as follows: Dorsal vi or viI-9 or 10; anal 8 to 10. We
agree with Garman in considering it advisable to distinguish the north Pacific form
from E. spinosus, until adequate series can be compared.

I — ——————

ee

PLATE 31.

Ichthyological Collections. (To face page 448.)

Raport U. S. F.C. 1893.

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RR ce See er ee ad

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 449

LETHOTREMUS gen. nov. (CYCLOPTERID.)

Differing from Eumicrotremus in the total absence of the bony plates and in the
absence of pores on sides of head or body.

109. Lethotremus muticus sp. nov. (Plate 31.)

Represented by three young specimens, the largest 30 mm. long. They closely
resemble in form, fin-rays, and general appearance Eumicrotremus orbis, but differ, in
addition to the generic characters already stated, in the much larger eye, the lower
spinous dorsal, and the extreme reduction of the posterior nasal tube. In young
specimens of L. orbis, the posterior nasal tube is much longer than the anterior, and
equals half the diameter of the eye. In ZL. muticus both tubes are short and the
posterior is little more than an elevated rim to the nasal opening.

Dorsal vul-11; anal 10; pectoral 23. Depth 2 to 24 in length; head 2} to 2}. Eye
very large, 24 to 24 in head, equaling interorbital width. In JZ. orbis of equal size
the length of the slit is slightly less than its distance from upper base of pectorals.
Diameter of ventral disk five-sixths length of head, equal to width of mouth. No
barbels or filaments. Origin of spinous dorsal slightly in advance of gill-slit. The
distance between dorsals equals half the diameter of the eye. Origin of anal under
that of second dorsal. No notch between upper and lower portions of pectoral fin,
the lower rays thickened but not lengthened, the length of upper ray equaling that
of snout and eye. Vent separated from disk by slightly more than half its distance
from front of anal.

Color in spirits: Brownish above, white below, the upper parts finely freckled
with small black specks.

Three specimens from stations 3223 and 3258, near Unimak Pass, depths 56 and 70
fathoms. The naked specimens from the Atlantic, reported on by Dr. Giinther,
under the name Humicrotremus spinosus, are probably referable to this genus.

Family BATRACHIDA:. The Toadfishes.

110. Porichthys notatus Girard.
Near Point Reyes, California; station 3351; depth 51 fathoms.

Family TRICHODONTIDZ.

111. Trichodon trichodon (Tilesius).
An adult specimen was taken from the stomach of a codfish at station 3260,
Bristol Bay, 13 fathoms. Others were seined at Herendeen Bay.

Family BLENNIIDZ. The Blennies.

112. Chirolophus polyactocephalus (Pallas).
Two specimens, stations 3213 and 3274, north and south of the Alaska Peninsula;
depths 41 and 19 fathoms.

113. Pholis fasciatus (Bloch & Schneider).

Several specimens of this species have 86 to 89 dorsal spines and 42 to 44 soft rays
in the anal. The coloration agrees more closely with that described by Cuvier &
Valenciennes for Atlantic specimens (Gunnellus grenlandicus Cuvier & Valenciennes,
Hist. Nat. des Poissons, x1, 442, pl. 340). Ground color yellowish gray; base of
dorsal occupied by 10 or 11 oblong blotches of dark brown which extend to the tips
of the fins; these blotches each divided upon the fin by a median spot of the ground
color. The areas of the ground color alternating with these blotches is finely
speckled with brown, a larger spot of brown usually occupying a median position
upon the fin. Middle and lower part of sides occupied by vermiculating brown

lines on the ground color, these vermiculations arranged in more or less distinct
_erossbars, about 20 in number. They reach to or nearly to the mid-ventral line; and
' the posterior ones are often continued faintly onto the anal fin. Pectoral and caudal

F. RB. 93 29

450 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

fins yellow, unmarked. A brown blotch across snout and tip of mandible followed
by a narrow yellowish bar descending to front of eye. Interorbital space crossed by
a broad brown bar with blackish margins, which becomes much narrower below
and traverses the eye and the cheeks. Behind this is a broader yellow bar margined
behind with a narrow brown line.

Specimens were dredged at stations 3230, 3232, 3233, and 3234, in Bristol Bay;
depths 3} to 103 fathoms.

114. Pholis ornatus (Girard).
Taken in the seine at Unalaska and Herendeen Bay, entering fresh water.

115. Anoplarchus atropurpureus (Kittlitz).
Found upon the rocks between tide marks at Unalaska.

116. Stichzus punctatus (Fabricius).
Notogrammus rothrocki Beau.

A single specimen, 86 mm. long, was dredged in Bristol Bay, Alaska, station 3239,
depth 114 fathoms. Several larger individuals were seined in Karta Bay, Prince of
Wales Island, Alaska, July 12, 1889.

The position of the lateral line in this species is incorrectly given as ‘‘median” by
Jordan & Gilbert in the Synopsis, pp. 755 and 775. Cuvier and Valenciennes, in
their description drawn from the writings of Fabricius, state that the lateral line
runs along the upper fifth of the height of the body and terminates at about the
middle of the length. This correctly describes its position in all our specimens,
where it originates immediately above the opercle, exhibits at first a rather strong
upwardly convex curve, then runs nearly parallel to the back, separated from the
base of the dorsal fin by one-fifth the height of the body. It is very distinct
throughout its course, and terminates at about the middle of the length. The
narrow brown streak described as bounding the lateral line above, in Notogrammus

rothrocki, is conspicuous in our smallest specimen (86 mm.). The branchiostegal

membranes are very narrowly joined anteriorly, forming a narrow free fold across
the isthmus, from which they are entirely distinct. Narrow bands of teeth in the
jaws, and on vomer and palatines. The outer series in upper jaw and the inner series
in the lower jaw enlarged.

Dorsal XLVII or XLVIII; anal 1, 32 to 35. The membrane from last dorsal spine
joins extreme base of upper caudal ray; anal wholly distinct.

We have not the material for a comparison of Pacific with Atlantic representa-
tives of this species, and the published descriptions of the latter lack detail.

117. Leptoclinus maculatus (Fries).

A few young specimens of this species, hitherto known only from the North
Atlantic, were taken at stations 3223, 3252, 3253, 3257, 3258, 3259, 3279, and 3309, the
first one in Unimak Pass, the others in Bristol Bay, depths 293 tc $1 fathoms. Having
no Atlantic specimens of this species, we are unable to satisfy ourselves of the
identity of the two.

118. Lumpenus anguillaris (Pallas). Seined at Unalaska.

119. Lumpenus mackayi sp. nov. (Plate 32.)

Very elongate, the depth +; or ;; the length. Head compressed and high, especially

anteriorly, the upper profile of snout very convex, the upper jaw decidedly longer
than the lower. Mouth nearly horizontal. Maxillary reaching vertical from frout
or middle of pupil, its length 3? to3}in head. Teeth small, in a narrow band in
jaws. A single series of weak teeth on palatines. Vomer toothless. Gill-openings
continued forward to below middle of cheeks, the membranes then narrowly joined
to isthmus. Gill-rakers short and weak, about 10 on horizontal limb of arch. Eye
small, its horizontal diameter one-half longer than its vertical, slightly longer than
interorbital width, 2in snout, 8 in head. Distance from snout to nape equals length
of postorbital part of head. Opercles large, continued to beyond base of pectorals.

——_——:

PLATE 22,

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(To face page 450.)

LYCODOPSIS CROTALINUS Gilbert.

Ichthyological Collections.

2

Report U. S. F. C. 189

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 451

Dorsal beginning immediately above upper end of gill-slit, the spines short, strong
and pungent, not flexible. Some of the anterior spines are short, but not free, the
fin increasing in height to opposite front of anal, the longest spine equaling length
of snout. The membrane of the last spine joins base of upper rays of caudal. Anal
with two strong spines similar to those of dorsal fin, the second twice the length of
the first and three-fourths that of highest dorsal spines. Anal rays all forked; the
posterior longest, equaling length of snout and eye, free from the caudal. Caudal
fin rounded in the younger specimens, lanceolate in adults, becoming in the latter
three-fourths as long as head. Ventrals short, of one short spine and three simple
rays, the fin one-fourth length of head. Pectorals large, the middle rays longest,
two-thirds length of head. Scales small, smooth, elongate, imperfectly imbricated ;
partially embedded or altogether wanting on anterior part of back. Cheeks scaled,
head otherwise naked. Faint traces of a lateral line sometimes visible on middle of
sides anteriorly. Head 6% in length; depth 13 to 14. Dorsal Lxrx; anal un, 41.
Length 290 mm.

Color in spirits: Light olivaceous (light yellowish in life), a continuous jet-black
streak from occiput along each side of dorsal to base of caudal, with two interrupted
black streaks below it, the lowermost running on middle of sides. Top and sides
of the head darker, variously marked with anastomosing black lines and spots.
Opercles blackish. Dorsal and caudal fins dusky translucent, without distinctive
markings. Aual and ventrals white. Pectorals white or dusky. Roof of mouth
black. Peritoneum black dorsally, white ventrally.

Several specimens were seined near the mouth of the Nushagak River, Alaska.

120. Leptoblennius nubilus (Richardson),

Our specimens seem to agree in structural details with descriptions of L. nubilus
from the North Atlantic, except that the ventral fins have but three soft rays. We
have no specimens for comparison, and make the identification with some doubt.
Pacific specimens seem lighter in color, with the dusky mottlings confined to the
dorsal region and with a very distinct series of oblong brown blotches along lateral
line, alternating with a lower series of small faint round spots. Under parts
immaculate. The mottlings along base of dorsal frequently unite to form a series
of oblong blotches alternating with those of lateral line. Other specimens show no
traces of dorsal blotches. Dorsal fin translucent, faintly mottled with darker.
Caudal with brownish crossbars. Fins otherwise unmarked. Fins and proportions
as described for L. nubilus. Dentition also as in the latter; mandible with a single
series of conical teeth, which widens at symphysis into an irregular double series or
narrow patch; a similar series of conical teeth in premaxillaries, within which is a
band of fine villiform teeth. Palate smooth.

Numerous specimens from Bristol Bay, Alaska, dredged at stations 3241, 3242,
3243, and 3244; depths, 44 to 14 fathoms.

121. Poroclinus rothrocki Bean.
A single specimen from north of Unalaska Island, station 3312, depth 45 fathoms.
Depth at nape ;4 length, the body tapering uniformly backward. Vent placed
_anteriorly, its distance from snout 1$ to 1% in its distance from base of caudal.
Head 64 in length. Snout compressed, slightly projecting, the lower jaw included.
Maxillary reaching vertical from front of pupil, 34 to 34 in head. Teeth acute, in
narrow bands in the jaws, a single well-marked series on vomer and a patch on
front of palatines, those on vomer and palatines fully as large as those on jaws and
‘equally developed in young and adults. Eyes large, close together, the interorbital
| space convex, its width about half pupil. Diameter of orbit equals length of max-
illary, about 34 in head. Nostril tubes well developed, half diameter of pupil.
Gill-openings narrower than in other described members of this group, extending
forward below the vertical from posterior part of cheeks, where they are firmly
joined to isthmus, across which they do not form a fold. Gill-rakers obsolete,

452 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Dorsal beginning over end of opercular flap, its distance from nape equaling distance
of latter from posterior margin of pupil. Membrane of last spine slightly joined to
base of caudal. Anterior dorsal spines short, but well connected by membrane.
Anal with three distinct spines, shorter than the rays that follow, the second the
longest, all as strong as dorsal spine, and fully connected by membrane. Rays all
branched at tip. Membrane of last ray joined only slightly to base of caudal.
Caudal sharply pointed in our specimens, the median rays longest, about as long as
head. Pectorals evenly rounded, the median rays longest, 14 or 15 in number, all
branched. Ventrals well developed, about two-fifths as long as head, consisting of
one short, sharp spine and three rays, the spine not closely joined to rays.

Lateral line indistinct, usually appearing obsolete, more evident toward head, con-
sisting of a series of distinct pores along median line. Scales very small, cycloid,
imbricated, covering body, including abdomen, breast, and nape. Cheeks scaled, the
head otherwise naked, or sometimes with a small patch of scales on upper part of
opercles. D. Lvi11 to Lx; A. m1, 40 to 42.

Color: Sides with a series of 10 to 12 narrow white crossbars, the first in front of
dorsal fin, the last under last dorsal spine, the bars about one-fifth interspaces.
Above lateral line they are conspicuously margined with darker; below lateral line
they broaden out and become forked, forming A-shaped markings. Upper caudal
rays at base with an oval white ring inclosing a darker area; this mark more
conspicuous in the young. Belly and ventrals white, other fins dusky, but without —
definite markings.

Family CRYPTACANTHODIDA.

122. Delolepis virgatus Bean.
A decayed specimen was found on the beach at Unalaska.

LYCONECTES gen. nov. (CRYPTACANTHODID£.)

Differing from Oryptacanthodes principally in the absence of palatine teeth, agreeing
with it in general appearance and in most details of structure. Mouth subvertical;
lower jaw projecting; premaxillary protractile. Teeth strong, conic, wide-set, in —
more than one series. Mucous pits prominent on head. Gill-opening narrow, ceasing ~
opposite middle of base of pectorals, the membranes widely joined to isthmus.
Dorsal and anal wholly joined to caudal, the latter extending well beyond them. —
Dorsal fin composed of spines only. No ventralfins. Body naked. No lateral line,
Type L. aleutensis.

123. Lyconectes aleutensis sp. nov. (Plate 34.) ji
Head 74 in length, without caudal; depth 144. Dorsal Lxrx; anal 49; pectoral 13; —
caudal 18. Head square in cross section, the upper and lower surfaces plain, the
cheeks vertical, the depth and width equal. Mouth still more oblique than in
Cryptacanthodes maculatus, with much heavier mandible and less expanded maxillary, —
the exposed portion of the latter with vertical axis, not extending beyond vertical —
from middle of the eye. Teeth all similar, few in number; those in premaxillary —
arranged in two series, the inner of which aresmaller than outer, from which they
are separated by a wide interspace. Teeth in mandible in asingle series laterally,
becoming a sparsely filled patch toward symphysis. Four or five similar conical
teeth on head of vomer. Palatines toothless. A long nostril tube overhangs the
upper lip. Upper lip separated by a fold from forehead, the upper jaw protractile. —
Eye extremely small, sunken in the socket, which it does not nearly fill, its diameter —
slightly less than half interorbital width. The supraorbital rim is not elevated, and |
contains no conspicuous projections. Suborbital rim swollen, with an enlarged -
mucous channel; a conspicuous series of mucous pits along each mandible and the
margin of the preopercle; two series on top of head, diverging backward from above

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 453

_ the eyes. Otherwise no pits or projection on head. A shallow triangular depression

on occiput. Gill-slit much less oblique than margin of preopercle, its length 14

_ times the distance between lower ends of gill-slits, the latter reaching the vertical

from middle of opercles.

Dorsal fin of rather flexible spines, not concealed ix heavy fin membranes. The
origin of dorsal falls immediately behind axil of pectorals. Hinder margin of occi-
put midway between front of dorsal and middle of eye. Origin of anal well in
advance of middle of length, its distance trom tip of snout contained 1% times in its
distance from base of caudal. Pectoral short, rounded, its base separated by a wide
prepectoral area from gill-slit, the width of area three-fourths length of fin, the

latter eqnaling distance from tip of snout to middle of eye. No ventrals. Body

covered with lax naked skin, which also covers but does not obscure rays of dorsal
and anal fins. No pores to lateral line.
Color inlife: Reddish on head, body, and fins, due to the blood vessels in the skin.
A single specimen, 180 mm. long, dredged north of Unalaska Island, at station 3312;
depth 45 fathoms. TYPE USNM 48620

Family PTILICHTHYIDZ.

124. Ptilichthys goodei Bean.

A third specimen of this little-known fish was taken by dredging in shallow water
at the entrance to Unalaska Harbor, station 3311; depth, 85 fathoms.

The genus Ptilichthys, of which this species is the sole representative, has been
doubtfully referred by Dr. Bean to the Mastacembelide, a family of fresh-water
fishes inhabiting the East Indies, characterized by having the shoulder girdle poste-
riorly placed and not articulating with the cranium (order Opisthomi Gill). The
necessity for preserving intact the unique type of the species prevented Dr. Bean
from making any anatomical examination of Ptilichthys, and it was reserved for Dr.
Theodore Gill, in the Standard Natural History, 1885, p. 259, to express his disbelief
in the relationships which had been suggested and to make the fish the type of a
peculiar family, the Ptilichthyide, to be placed provisionally among the blennioid

series. His adherence to this view is again expressed in his list of ‘‘ Families and
_ Subfamilies of Fishes,” appearing as the sixth memoir of volume V1, of the National

Academy of Sciences. Hehas doubtless indicated the proper position of this peculiar

_ fish as nearly as we are now able to determine it. An examination of its shoulder
_ girdle shows it to be entirely normal. The post-temporal is not furcate, but is a

very slender bony rod attaching to the epiotic region of the skull and giving loose
attachment posteriorly to the almost equally slender posterotemporal. The latter
overlaps the upper end of the clavicle in the usual manner. A postclavicle was not
detected. The coracoid portion consists of a roundish oblong, perforated hypercora-
coid meeting the hypocoracoid directly, without intervening cartilage. The curved

_ line separating the two bones corresponds distally with the interspace between the
first (upper) and second actinosts. The hypocoracoid is broad and short. Its

mesially directed (i. e., inferior) process joins at its tip the clavicle, but is elsewhere
separated from the latter by the usual elongate membranous interspace. The acti-
nosts are four in number, of large size, hour-glass shaped.

The jaws are normal, the premaxillary alone occupying the front and sides of
upper jaw and bearing the teeth, while the maxillary is a broad bone lying behind
it, overlapped proximally by the maxillary process of the palatines. Both vomer
and palatines seem to be toothless. The alimentary canal is almost perfectly
straight, with the anterior portion entirely enveloped in the long, narrow liver. At
the pylorus occurs a short and abrupt V-shaped flexure, scarcely noticeable on
account of the closeness with which the sides are joined and the fact that the width
of the flexure is no greater than the cross diameter of the tube. Pyloric cwea are not
evident. Anairbladder isentirely wanting. The ovary is single, apparently without
oviduct, and contains in our specimen eggs which are comparatively very large.

454 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Family LYCODIDA.

125. Lycodopsis crotalinus Gilbert. (Plate 32.)

One specimen from station 3210, south of Sannak Islands; depth, 483 fathoms,

Colors in life: Head and body light brown, the lower parts darker; snout, sub-
orbital region, and a band across pectorals greenish gilt; no light bar on head.

Depth 123 in length; head 54; maxillary 2} in head; eye 7, equal to interorbital
width; width of bone between orbits 17 in head; snout 34 in head; teeth above in
a narrow band, reaching only about half way of gape. In the mandible teeth are
absent on posterior two-fifths of gape. The gill-slit extends a little farther forward
below than above. Ventrals as long as pupil. Longest pectoral ray 2? in head.
Head wholly sealed behind eyes. Lateral line not evident.

The stomach contained remains of crustacea.

126. Lycodes diapterus Gilbert.
Taken abundantly north of Unalaska at stations 3227, 3324, 3326, 3329, 3330, 3331,
and 3332; depths 109 to 576 fathoms.

127. Lycodes brevipes Bean.

Numerous specimens from stations 3216, 3225, 3226, 3227, 3263, 3309, 3310, 3311,
3313, and 3330, located north and south of the Aleutian Islands and in Bristol Bay;
depths 58 to 351 fathoms.

128. Lycodes palearis sp. nov.

Very close to L. brevipes Bean, differing constantly in the longer ventrals, the
greater development of mandibular and labial folds, the more numerous white bars,
and the smaller eye. Head naked. Nape more or less naked, the scaleless area
variable in extent, sometimes confined to its anterior third, sometimes reaching
nearly to front of dorsal. Body sparsely covered with imbedded scales; axil naked.
Lateral line short, decurved, extending scarcely beyond middle of pectorals. Teeth
present in jaws, vomer, and palatines, those on premaxillaries laterally in a single
series which widens anteriorly into a rather broad patch, the outer teeth some-
what enlarged, especially in front. All the premaxillary teeth shut outside the
mandibular series,which are opposed to those on vomer and palatines. Mandibular
teeth arranged similarly to those in upper jaw, the lateral series somewhat enlarged,
continuous with the inner edge of the symphyseal patch. Vomerine teeth bluntly
conic, 3 or 4 in number; palatines in a single series.

Snout long, prominent, the upper jaw projecting beyond the lower for a distance
equaling two-thirds diameter of orbit. Upper lip thin, much expanded laterally,
continuous posteriorly with the lower lip, which forms a wide, free membranous lobe
opposite middle of each mandible. Anteriorly the lower lip becomes abruptly con-
tracted and adnate to the jaw, leaving the symphyseal portion without free margin.
Inner edges of mandibles with wide membranous borders, which increase in width
anteriorly, where they terminate in a pair of acutely pointed free flaps. These free
flaps and membranous margins are very conspicuous in both young and old speci-
mens. In L. brevipes they are very inconspicuous, becoming evident in adults only.
Dorsal with about 105 rays, counted to middle of caudal; anal about 90; pectoral
18. Head 5} in length; depth 94 to 11 in length, 2; in head. Eye 5 to 6 in head,
1ito2in snout. Ventrals 14 to 14 in eye, twice as long as in L. brevipes. Pectorals
1tin head. Anal origin under eighteenth dorsal ray.

General color brownish olive, growing lighter on the lower parts. Dorsal with 14
to 16 white vertical bars, extending in young specimens across back and sides and
onto anal fin; in adults confined to the fins and frequently indistinct or wanting.
Anterior dorsal angle frequently black, separated from remainder of fin by a curved
white bar. Dorsal and anal not black-margined as in L. brevipes. In the latter the
white lateral bars are 9 to 12 in number and are usually confined to upper half of
body. There is also no black spot on anterior dorsal rays.

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 455

Three specimens, 113 to 166 mm. long, from stations 3253 and 3254 in Bristol Bay,
in 36 and 46 fathoms.

129. Aprodon corteziana Gilbert.

One specimen from station 3349, off the coast of northern California; depth 239
fathoms.

The depth in this species varies from 74 to 9, the head from 44 to 44 in length.

130. Maynea pusilla Bean.
A few small specimens from north of Unalaska, at stations 3224, 3227, 3330, and
3331; depth 121 to 351 fathoms.

131. Gymnelis viridis (Fabricius).
Two specimens from between tide marks at Unalaska, one from station 3256 in
Bristol Bay; depth 49 fathoms.

132. Lycodapus fierasfer Gilbert. (Plate 32.)

Several specimens from station 3324, in Bering Sea, north of Unalaska Island ; depth,
109 fathoms. The statement in the original description (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890,
108), “‘ventrals narrow,” etc., applies instead to the pectorals, the yentrals being
absent in this genus.

133. Lycodapus extensus sp. nov.

An extremely slender elongate form, with head smaller than in L. fierasfer, but
otherwise resembling that species more than L. parviceps. The head is 6? in length,
the depth of body 154. Gill-openings as in L. fierasfer, extending well above base of
ventrals. Skin thin, the mucous pores inconspicuous, evident on mandible and
along margin of preopercle. Upper profile of head longitudinally concave, shaped as
in fierasfer, but slenderer, its depth greater than that of body. Mouth oblique, the
maxillary reaching vertical from middle of eye, 2+ in head. Teeth in narrow bands
in both jaws, tapering laterally to single series. Vomerine teeth more numerous
thanin L. parviceps or L. fierasfer, small, not canine-like, in a single series. Palatine
teeth wanting, as in some individuals of L. fierasfer. Eye4}in head. Interorbital
space lt} in eye. Snout 3? in head. Occiput midway between front of dorsal and
anterior nostril. Pectorals slenderer and longer than in fierasfer, 22 in head. Head
and trunk contained 2% times in tail. Dorsal 96, the extreme end of the tail wanting.

Color, light brownish, the black peritoneum visible through the skin of the abdomen.
Mouth and gill-cavity largely dusky. A narrow dark-brown streak along base of
dorsal and anal, occupying, toward tip of tail, the entirc height of both fins.

A single specimen, 92 mm. long, from station 3324, north of Unalaska Island; depth
109 fathoms.

134. Lycodapus parviceps sp. nov.

Similar to L. fierasfer, differing in the much smaller head, longer, slenderer body,
the thicker skin with more evident mucous pores, and in the more restricted gill-
openings. Head short, 7? in length (5} to 53 in fieracfer); depuh 11. Upper profile
of head nearly straight, not longitudinally concave, as in jierasfer. Head deeper and
narrower, the snout less spatulate. Skin thicker. A conspicuous series of pores on
mandible and along preopercular margin. Gill-slit very oblique, as in /fierasfer,
extending anteriorly as far as vertical from eye, the membranes then narrowly
united, free from the isthmus except at extreme front. The gill-slit is superiorly
much more restricted than in fierasfer, not extending above base of pectorals,
while in the latter it extends above them for two-thirds diameter of eye.

Mouth oblique, the maxillary reaching vertical from middle of eye, 24 in head.
The jaws are even at tip, the mandible slightly included laterally. Mandibular teeth
in a moderate band anteriorly, the inner series enlarged, narrowing posteriorly to a
single row. Premaxillary teeth of uniform size, in a narrow band throughout.

456 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Vomer with four canine-like teeth. Palatine teeth small, in a single close-set series.
Eye 4} in head; least interorbital width 5; snout 3}. Distance from origin of
dorsal to occiput slightly less than that from occiput to posterior nostril. Head and
trunk contained 3} in tail. Pectorals 2} in head. Dorsal about 100; anal about 85; —
both counted to middle of caudal. Pectorals 9. No ventrals. :
Body brownish in spirits, fins whitish-translucent; everywhere dusted with black
specks. Tail and fins distinctly blackish posteriorly. Orbit blackish above. Gill- _
cavity silvery, blackish anteriorly. Mouth blackish, except anteriorly. Peritoneum
black, the color not showing through the abdominal wall.
A single specimen, 115 mm. long, from station 3324, north of Unalaska Island;
depth 109 fathoms.

DEREPODICHTHYS gen. nov. (LYCODID.)

A slender deep-sea Lycodid without scales or lateral line and with the ventral fins
reduced each to a slender unbranched filament, the two very closely approximated,
springing from a common projecting base, which is located far forward below the
eye, as in Ophidioids. Gill-opening a narrow vertical slit, little wider than base of
pectorals. Teeth cardiform, curved, few in number, in narrow bands or irregular
single series on jaws, vomer, and palatines.

Derepodichthys alepidotus, type.

135. Derepodichthys alepidotus sp. nov.

Head and body very long and slender, the former resembling a Lycodes in appear-
ance, being moderately compressed, with a flattish occiput and a gently rounded,
decurved rostral profile. Mouth slightly oblique, quite at lower side of snout, the
lower jaw shorter, fitting within the upper. Maxillary and premaxillary entirely
concealed within the thick skin of the upper lip, which is directly continuous with
that of the forehead, the upper jaw being therefore nonprotractile. Angle of mouth
under front of pupil, its distance from tip of snout 22 in head. Teeth as described
under the genus. Eye small, not filling the elongate orbit, the diameter of exposed
portion of eyeball slightly less than three-fourths length of snout, the latter 34 in
head. A series of large mucous pores on snout and lower part of cheeks; a second ~
series on mandible; no pores on body. Gill-slit vertical, not continued forward, its
lower end slightly above base of lower pectoral rays. Length of slit one-fourth
length of head, slightly less than distance between slits. Head 8} in total length
depth of head and body 2+ in head; width of head 22 in its length. Distance from —
tip of snout to base of ventrals 2} in length of head. Distance from tip of snout to
front of dorsal 54 in total length; from tip of snout to vent 3% in total.

Pectorals long and slender, reaching half way to vent, 14 in head. Dorsal and
anal confluent with the caudal, concealed in the thick integument so that the rays ~
can not be counted.

Color in spirits light brownish, the dorsal and pectorals whitish, the anal with a
dark margin, which becomes black posteriorly. Lips dusky. Abdominal region —
blue-black. /

A single specimen, 110 mm. long, dredged off Queen Charlotte Island, station 3342; —
depth 1,588 fathoms.

Family GADIDZ. The Cods.

136. Lota maculosa (Le Sueur). Ling. *
A young specimen was taken at Nushagak.

137. Antimora microlepis Bean.

Several specimens taken at stations 3330, 3331, 3342, and 3348, in Bering Sea, at
depths of 350 and 351 fathoms, and off the coasts of the Queen Charlotte Islands —
and of California at depths of 1,588 and 455 fathoms,

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 457

138. Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius. Pacific cod.

It has been frequently pointed out and is well known to fishermen that the Pacific
codfish has a smaller air-bladder, or ‘‘sound,” than the Atlantic cod. Pending an
examination of this question, which we are not now in a position to make, we
propose to recognize the Pacific fish as a distinct species. A reporton the cod banks
of Bering Sea, based on the operations of the Albatross, has been given by A. B.
Alexander. (Report of Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, 1889-91, p. 280.) An
occasional specimen was taken in the dredge, the species being recorded from
stations 3224, 3226, 3285, 3291, and 3301, in Bering Sea; depths 17 to 128 fathoms.

139. Pollachius chalcogrammus (Pallas).

A few adults were taken by trolling in Captains Harbor, Unalaska. Young speci-
mens, 4 to 6 inches long, were dredged in great abundance in the shallow water of
Bristol Bay and around the Aleutian Islands, at stations 3217, 3222, 3231, 3232, 3233,
3234, 3235, 3236, 3237, 3238, 3239, 3240, 3245, 3246, 3248, 3250, 3252, 3253, 3255, 3256, 3259,
3273, 3278, 3279, 3281, 3282, 3285, 3286, 3294, 3298, 3301, 3309, and 3310; depths 5 to 71
fathoms.

Pamily MACRURIDZ.

140. Macrurus acrolepis Bean.
Not taken in Alaskan waters, but found abundant off Vancouver Island, Washing-
ton and Oregon, at stations 3340, 3346, 3347, and 3348; depths 345 to 786 fathoms.

141. Macrurus cinereus sp. nov.

Snout high and blunt, but little overlapping the mouth, terminating in a pointed
prolongation of the median ridge, which bears at its tip a bony tubercle furnished
with radiating ridges. The nasal ridges also terminate in shorter and smaller, but
similar tubercles, the outline between rostral and nasal tubercles concave. Length
of snout slightly less than diameter of orbit, 33 to 4 in head, its tip overpassing the
premaxillaries for two-thirds its length. Mouth of moderate size, the maxillary
reaching vertical from hinder margin of orbit, equaling length of snout and half of
eye. Teeth finely villiform in both jaws, the outer series not at all enlarged, the
mandibular band narrow. Barbel short and slender, its length less than half diam-
eter of pupil. Interorbital width six-sevenths diameter of orbit, equaling length of
snout. Preopercle greatly expanded, much overlapping the interorbital below, leav-
ing exposed only the extreme posterior angle. Gill-membranes narrowly joined,
with a posterior fold free from the isthmus. Gill-rakers short, compressed, almost
tubercular, 2412.

Origin of dorsal well behind base of pectorals. Second dorsal spine long and
filamentous, strongly serrate, except on extreme base and tip. Length of spine five-
sixths to six-sevenths head. Base of first dorsal equaling diameter of orbit. Inter-
space between dorsals two-thirds to two-fifths base of first dorsal. Pectoral long
and slender, equaling length of head behind anterior nostril opening, about as long
as the filamentous outer ventral ray. Vent immediately in front of anal origin.
Scales on sides well imbricated, each with 7 to 9 parallel ridges, which bear short
sharp spines directed very obliquely backward.

Dorsal 11, 10 or 11; ventral 9. Seven scales between lateral line and base of first
dorsal. -

Color uniform light-grayish on body and fins, with the exception of the blackish
pectorals and ventrals. Sides of head silvery. Mouth, gill-cavity, and peritoneum
brownish or purplish black, gill membranes and gular membrane dusky.

Numerous specimens from north of Unalaska Island (stations 3307 and 3329, depths
1,033 and 399 fathoms), and from the North Pacific, south of Ookamok Island (sta-
tion 3340, depth 695 fathoms),

458 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

142. Nematonurus cyclolepis sp. noy.

A species with the general appearance (including the protruding snout, inferior
mouth, and comparatively weak dentition) of N. armatus and N. affinis, but with the
dorsals less widely separated, the vent anterior in position, and the scales unarmed,
as in Moseleya longifilis.

Head smooth, compressed, without conspicuous ridges. Median and lateral rostral
ridges terminating in slightly projecting points; the median process, a short
portion of the median ridge, and the edge of the membrane connecting median
with lateral processes with spinous scales and points. Snout projecting beyond the
premaxillaries for two-thirds its length, which is contained 32 times in head. Eye
small, less than snout, very slightly exceeding interorbital space, 44 in head. Mouth
small, wholly inferior, maxillary reaching vertical from posterior margin of pupil,
22in head. Premaxillary teeth in two series—the outer similar to those in mandible,
not enlarged or canine-like; the inner series smaller, directed obliquely backward.
A single series of teeth in mandible, not widening into a patch atsymphysis. Barbel
thick at base, two-thirds length of snout. Preopercle incurved above the angle, the
lower limb expanded, the marginal region striate.

First dorsal inserted behind axil of pectoral. Second spine broken in both speci-
mens, the basal portion smooth, a single sharp barb showing that the spine is serrate.
The base of the fin equals the length of the snout. Interspace between dorsals
exceeding length of first dorsal base by one-third to two-fifths length of latter.
Vent immediately in advance of origin of anal, under middle of interspace between
dorsals. The dorsal is low and inconspicuous and the anal higher, as usual in this
group. Pectorals very slender, 1,4, in length of head. Outer ventral ray filamentous,
reaching third or fourth anal ray. Dorsal 11, 8 or 9; ventral 12.

Scales mostly lost. The few remaining on head are either entirely smooth or bear
a single median keel, with one or two low spinous.points. Those on body are with-
out spines, and are either entirely smooth or show traces of a low median keel. Six
scales in an oblique series between lateral line and middle of base of dorsal. Color
dark brown, the anterior portion of back and sides with small scattered black spots,
Opercles, lower side of head (including gill-membranes and ventral area) black, as
are also the mouth and gill-cavity and the peritoneum.

Two specimens, the longest 150 mm., from station 3342, off Queen Charlotte Island,
depth 1,588 fathoms.

143. Chalinura filifera sp. nov.

Related to C. serrula Bean, from the same region and depth, differing in the larger
eye, shorter mental barbel, longer snout, longer pectoral fins, shorter interspace
between dorsals, and the longer dorsal fin. Snout short, slightly exceeding diameter
of eye, 3,4 in head; the median ridge and the nasal ridges terminate each in a much
projecting point, furnished each with a short rosette of radiating spines and ridges.
The outline between these points is concave. Tip of snout projecting beyond the
premaxillaries for a distance equaling that which separates the central rosette from
one of the lateral ones. Infraorbital ridges inconspicuous, not reaching angle of
preopercle behind or bony portion in front.

Mouth large, slightly oblique, with extensive lateral cleft, the maxillary reaching
vertical from posterior margin of pupil, 23 in head, equaling distance from tip of
snout to middle of eye. Outer series of teeth in premaxillary strong, succeeded by
a narrow band of smaller cardiform teeth. Mandibular teeth similar to inner
band of upper jaw, the band becoming slightly wider at the prominent symphysis.
Barbel short, one-half to two-fifths length of snout. Eye large, the diameter of orbit
slightly less than interorbital width or length of snout, 4in head. Angle of preopercle
produced backward, concealing all but the extreme posterior angle of interopercle, the
margin appearing serrulate when divested of skin. Gill-membranes joined to isthmus,
with a posterior free margin. Gill-rakers very short and heavy, 1+ 11.

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 459

Dorsal beginning vertically above base of pectorals; the second spine extremely
long and slender, smooth basally, the terminal half rather strongly toothed. It
becomes very slender toward the tip, and terminates in a long membranous fila-
ment. In one specimen it exceeds length of head, in the others it equals five-sixths
that length. Length of base of first dorsal equaling one-third length of head.
Interspace between dorsals short, two-fifths to three-fourths length of snout. Pec-
torals very long and slender, equaling the head without the snout. Outer ventral
rays very long and filamentous, equaling length of head. Vent immediately in
advance of anal origin. Scales rather thin, those on back and sides with about five
diverging ridges, each of which bears a number of short rigid spinules directed very
obliquely backward, the posterior projecting but little beyond the margin of the
scale. Eight or nine scales in an oblique series between the middle of first dorsal
and the lateral line.

Dorsal 11, 12 to 14; pectoral 20 to 22; ventral 9 or 10.

Dark brown, the fee gill-membranes, lips, nostrils, and under side of snout black.
Anterior part of mouth and lining of gill-cavity purple. Peritoneum blackish
brown.

Three specimens, 520 to 550 mm. long, were dredged in 1,588 fathoms off Queen
Charlotte Island, at station 3342.

Family PLEURONECTIDZ. The Flounders.

144. Citharichthys sordidus (Girard).
At stations 3351 and 3352 off northern California; depths 26 and 51 fathoms.

145. Citharichthys stigmeus Jordan & Gilbert.
At station 3350, near Point Reyes, Cal.; depth 75 fathoms.

146. Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnzeus). Halibut.
A few small specimens dredged at stations 3218, 3230, 3238, and 3239; depths 3} to
41 fathoms. Taken with hand lines on all the cod banks.

147. Atheresthes stomias Jordan & Gilbert. <Arrow-toothed Halibut.

At stations 3215, 3216, 3218, 3221, 3223, 3224, 3225, 3227, 3259, 3263, 3264, 3267, 3321,
3324, 3331, 3332, and 3339, located north and south of the Aleutian Islands and in
Bristol Bay; depths 32 to 406 fathoms.

148. Bopsetta jordani (Lockington). California Sole.
Station 3351, near Point Reyes, Cal.; depth 51 fathoms.

149. Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan & Gilbert.

North and south of the Aleutian Islands, and Bristol Bay; stations 3216, 3217, 3218,
3225, 3257, 3259, 3284, 3310, 3311, 3313, 3314, 3321, 3323, and 3334; depths 25 to 85 fathoms.
In four specimens we find the following fin formule: D.86,A. 65; D. 87, A. 69; D. 79,
A. 67; D. 84, A. 63.

150. Lyopsetta exilis (Jordan & Gilbert).
At station 3351, off northern California; depth 51 fathoms.

151. Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres).

Taken abundantly at Unalaska and Chernoftski harbors, at Herendeen Bay, and
Hagemeister Island, and at stations 3213, 3214, 3215, 3217, 3218, 3219, 3222, 3232, 3233,
3235, 3237, 3238, 3239, 3242, 3244, 3245, 3246, 3248, 3249, 3250, 3251, 3252, 3258, 3259, 3264,
3265, 3266, 3267, 3268, 3269, 3270, 3271, 3272, 3273, 3275, 3278, 3279, 3280, 3282, 3283, 3284,
3285, 3286, 3287, 3289, 3290, 3291, 3292, 3293, 3294, 3295, 3298, 3299, 3300, 3301, 3302, 3303,
and 3323; depths 44 to 70 fathoms. This species is variable in the height of the
anterior arch to the lateral line, which is sometimes strong, sometimes little marked.

46() REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

152. Limanda aspera (Pallas).

An excellent food-fish, taken in abundance at Herendeen Bay and at stations
3230, 3233, 3234, 3235, 3238, 3239, 3240, 3241, 3242, 3243, 3244, 3248, 3251, 3252, 3266, 3267,
3269, 3282, 3283, 3286, 3298, 3299, 3301, and 3303 in Bristol Bay; depths 3} to 53
fathoms.

153. Limanda proboscidea sp.nov. (Plate 33.)

Bearing some resemblance to L. ferruginea (Storer) but having fewer rays in dorsal
and anal, larger scales and longer snout. Profile sharply angulated above front of
upper eye, the snout convexly protruding. Form varying from very slender to
broadly elliptical, the two outlines equally curved. Depth 2}to2sin length. Head
large, 3 to 3} in length, in a specimen 7 inches long. Caudal peduncle short, widen-
ing backward, its least depth twice its length. Mouth oblique, the maxillary
reaching beyond front of lower eye, 4in head. Teeth narrow, little compressed, in
a single series on both sides of the jaw, extending farther back on the blind side.
Eyes on right side. Lower eye well in advance of upper, the diameter of upper eye
54 to 6 in head, 1}insnout. Vertical from front of upper eye falling midway between
frontof orbit and front of pupil of lower eye. Interorbital space avery narrow sharp
ridge, naked in females, with a single series of ctenoid scales in males. Gill-rakers
short, about equal to diameter of pupil, 13 or 14 in number, 9 or 10 on lower limb.

Seales loosely imbricated, ctenoid in males on colored side, smooth in females.
Blind side of both sexes smooth. Head scaled on eyed side in males; the opercle,
subopercle, interopercle, and preopercle mostly naked in females. Head on blind
side naked. Rays of vertical fins with single series of ctenoid scales. Dorsal fin
beginning slightly behind front of upper eye, the first three rays usually higher
and with membranes more deeply incised than in those which follow. Highest
portions of both dorsal and anal fins behind the middle of the body. The fins
about equal, their longest rays equal to the snout and eye. Caudal two-thirds head,
Pectorals short, one-third head. Ventrals reaching beyond front of anal, 3} in
head. The usual small antrose spine in front of anal fin. .

D. 63-67; A. 47-49; Lateral line 86-95. Length 7} inches.

Color: Light grayish or brownish, thickly covered with small whitish spots. Entire
left side with margins of dorsal, caudal and anal fins bright lemon-yellow (as in
FSerruginea). Vertical fins grayish with an occasional dark-brown ray.

Several specimens from stations 3239, 3240, and 3248 in Bristol Bay; depths 114 to
21 fathoms; one young specimen from Herendeen Bay.

154. Platichthys stellatus (Pallas). Great California Flounder.
Mouth of the Nushagak River, and stations 3229, 3235,.3239, 3240, and 3269, Bristol
Bay; depths 8 to 16 fathoms.

155. Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus Pallas.
Numerously represented at Chernoffski Harbor and Herendeen Bay, and at stations
3240, 3244, 3251, and 3252 in Bristol Bay; depths 4} to 294 fathoms.

156. Pleuronectes glacialis Pallas.
Found abundant in the mouths of the Naknek and Nushagak rivers, and at sta-
tion 3232 in Bristol Bay; depth 10} fathoms.

157. Glyptocephalus zachirus Lockington.
Bering Sea and North Pacific generally; stations 3227, 3259, 3322, 3323, 3324, Bee
3334, 3349, and 3351; depths 35 to 350 fathoms.

158. Microstomus pacificus (Lockington). Slippery Sole.
Stations 3216 (south of Alaska Peninsula, 61 fathoms), 3333 (north of Unalaska,
19 fathoms), 3343, 3347, 3348, and 3349 (coasts of Washington, Oregon, and northern

California; depths, 239 to 516 fathoms). This species is dredged in abundance in the

vicinity of San Francisco, at depths of 15 to 50 fathoms.

eee

Report U.S. F. C. 1893. Ichthyological Collections. (To face page 460.) PLATE 33.

aou ‘ds YAGIOSOSOUd VONVWIT

Soy
ARATE

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 461

REPORT UPON THE FISHES COLLECTED BY THE STEAMER ALBATROSS
OFF THE COAST OF CALIFORNIA, BETWEEN POINT CONCEPTION AND
POINT ARENA, IN MARCH AND APRIL, 1890.

During parts of March and April, 1890, the U. 8. Fish Commission
steamer Albatross made an investigation of the fishing-grounds on the
coast of Oalifornia from Point Conception to Point Arena, in contin-
uation of the inquiries conducted the previous year to the southward
of Point Conception. On the earlier expedition the writer acted as
chief naturalist of the Albatross, and the new fishes obtained at that
time have been described by him in a paper published in 1890, in the
Proceedings of the United States National Museum.* The collection
of fishes made on the latter cruise was also referred to him and is dis-
cussed in the present paper. It consists largely of the same species
secured south of Point Conception, but was found to contain represent-
atives of one undescribed genus and four new species.

The cruise of March and April, 1890, is fully described by Lieut.
Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., the commanding officer of the
steamer Albatross, in his report for that year, pp. 219-226; and the
fishery results are discussed by Mr. A. B. Alexander, fishery expert of
the Albatross, in the same connection, pp. 275-279.

The investigations were carried from the shallow water along shore
into a depth of 627 fathoms, the fishery work having been conducted
chiefly by means of the beam trawl, which was employed at 113 sep-
arate stations. The positions of the different stations, the depth of
water, character of bottom found at each, with other data; are given in
the report of Lieut. Commander Tanner above referred to.

FPamily HEPTATREMIDZ,

1. Polistotrema stouti (Lockington).
Stations 3103 and 3126; depths 67 and 456 fathoms.

Family SCYLLIORHINIDA. The Cat Sharks.

2. Catulus xaniurus Gilbert.

Stations 3126, 3196, and 3200, in 200 to 456 fathoms,

In two young specimens, 105 and 110 mm. long, a series of spines is developed on
each side of the middle line of back, larger than the prickles and firmly set. These
begin above the second or third gill-slit, continue to slightly beyond front of first
dorsal fin, and contain 15 to 18 spines. A similar series of lateral spinelets is
described by Eigenmann in young of Scylliorhinus ventriosus—= Catulus uter J. & G.
(West American Scientist, Nov., 1889, p. 151). It is not improbable that they may

* Scientific results of explorations by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross,
No. xu1.—A preliminary report on the fishes collected by the steamer Albatross on the
Pacific Coast of North America during the year 1889, with descriptions of 12 new
genera and 92 new species, by Charles H. Gilbert; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 49-126.

tReport upon the investigations of the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross
from July 1, 1889, to June 30, 1890, by Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U.S. N.,
commanding. Report U, S. Fish Comm. for 1889-1891, 207-342,

462 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

be found characteristic of Scyllioid sharks. No trace of them is found in older
specimens. They strongly resemble the primary definitely placed spines of Raja,
and have doubtless, as in the latter, some taxonomic value.

Young specimens have the dorsal and anal fins occupying somewhat different posi-
tions from that found in adults, and of different relative sizes. In a specimen 110
mm. long the dorsals are very narrow, and the anterior dorsal is much farther back,
being mostly behind the ventrals instead of terminating above their posterior line of
insertion. The anal is very long, separated from caudal by a hardly appreciable
space, and in front slightly overlapping the first dorsal. Ina specimen 240 mm. long
the anal is still disproportionately long, separated from caudal by about one-fifth base
of fin instead of one-half base of fin, as in adults. The first dorsal has apparently
shifted forward, as it now terminates slightly behind ventrals.

A male specimen, 430 mm. long, has the claspers projecting but little beyond the
ventrals. It differs as follows from the original description: The distance from tip
of snout to front of mouth is more than half the greatest width of snout. The first
dorsa! is more posteriorly placed, extending behind the vertical from ventrals, the
length of its base contained but 12 times in the space between dorsals. This poste-
rior position of the first dorsal may be a case of retarded development, as the fin
shifts forward during growth. The scales on side of tail are smaller and less
crowded than those forming the upper caudal band, but are otherwise wholly similar,
each possessing a strong central spine and a pair of shorter lateral cusps, and having
the central portion deeply grooved.

Family GALHIDA). The Requiem Sharks.

3. Rhinotriacis henlei Gill.
One specimen from station 3100, in 29 fathoms.

Family RAJIDA. The Skates.

4. Raja stellulata Jordan & Gilbert.

Stations 3105, 3129, 3189, 3196, 3204, and 3208, in 200 tuo 218 fathoms.

No series of young is at hand. In a single young male, 130 mm. long, there is no
trace of spines or papille on the orbital rim, but those along middle of back are
very large, as is also a large spine on each shoulder. The prickles are coarse,
entirely covering the disk and tail above, none on the lower side. The prickles on
sides of disk are in rows following the pectoral rays, those on middle of back are in
length wise series, and those below eye are in rows parallel with its lower border. This
serial arrangement of prickles I have noticed also in the young of Catulus xaniurus.

In four larger specimens, 300 to 390 mm. long, there is no trace of ocular spines.
Of primary spines there seem to be 3 or 4 behind the occiput, the most anterior
occupying the position of the single postoccipital spine in #. inornata, and a series
of 17 to 20 on middle of tail. The interspace on middle of back is apparently filled
in later by 6 or 7 spines, which are just appearing in one of the large specimens and
are smaller than the caudal series in all the others. No ocellated spot appears at base
of pectorals, an ill-defined darker spot occupying this position in one specimen.

5. Raja inornata Jordan & Gilbert.

Stations 3106, 3115, and 3147, in 43 to 76 fathoms. The collection presents a very
interesting series from unhatched young to adults, and throws some light on the
development of the spines and on the early stages of fins and tail.

The first spines to appear correspond exactly in position with those described
below in Raja rhina. There are three definitely placed on the orbital rim, one occu-
pying a median position behind the occiput, and a continuous series along median
line of tail. The postoccipital spine can be always identified by its relation to a
conspicuous short double series of pores. These series are curved, and each presents
its convex side toward the middle line of the back. It is between the posterior
diverging ends of these series that the spine in question is found.

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 463

In a young specimen, 145 mm. long, taken from the egg, having the yolk nearly
absorbed, no spines are externally visible. They are fully developed, however,
and lie declined and hidden beneath the epidermis. The three ocular spines, the
postoccipital spine, and the caudal series are all present. No rudiments of spines
are visible in the mid-dorsal region, between the postoccipital spine and the middle
of the ventrals. On freeing them from the epidermis the spines can be readily
elevated and depressed. The posterior attachment of the base is, however, firm, and
will not permit the elevation of the spine beyond a certain point. Later, a firm
anterior attachment is formed, the spine in the meantime breaking through the skin.
When it first appears it is still movable, but soon becomes rigid.

In still younger embryos, 120 and 125 mm. in length, the spines are represented by
elongate soft, dermal papillw, of about the same size and shape as the future spines.
They occupy the same definite positions found characteristic for the spines of this
and related species. The papill lie declined beneath the epidermis, through which
they are visible as short whitelines. Norudiments appear between the postoccipital
papilla and the base of the ventrals.

A specimen 190 mm. long has the spines fully developed and the mid-dorsal series
nearly complete. Thus the caudal series continues forward beyond base of ventrals
for about three spines, and is then followed after a short interval by three stronger
spines, the anterior of which is the postoccipital spine, as indicated by its charac-
teristic position. In another specimen, 200 mm. long, a continuous dorsal series is
present from the postoccipital spine to tail, without evidence that those on middle
of back appeared later than the others. In this specimen are rudiments of the
additional ocular spines which appear later, one papilla being present above middle
of orbit, a second over spiracle. In later stages the growth of these secondary
ocular spines may be traced, their development being often accompanied by the total
disappearance of the primary spines. The secondary spines may disappear in turn.
The growth of the mid-dorsal series I have been unable to trace. Specimens show
much variation with respect to their development. In one, 340 mm. long, no spines
are present between the postoccipital spine and the tail. In another, the series is
complete except the two immediately following the postoccipital spine, these two
being still represented by dermal papille.

In an embryo, 145 mm. long, the tail is produced 31 mm. beyond the second dorsal,
and forms a depressed tapering appendage which becomes very slender toward the
tip. The lateral folds and the median dorsal fold are continued some distance along
this appendage, but are very low. Aside from this, there is no indication of the
future caudal fin. Ina younger embryo, 125 mm. long, the unabsorbed yolk being
still large (about 25 mm. in diameter), the tail is proportionately longer than in the
last, 86 mm. in length, the terminal portion projecting 32 mm. beyond the dorsal fin.
As in the first described, the lateral caudal fold is distinct, highest in the region of
the dorsal fins, thence declining in front and behind, disappearing before reaching
cither base or tip of tail. No trace is present of a median fold connecting the two
dorsals. Such a fold appears to extend from second dorsal around tip of tail, becom-
ing continuous with the anal fold, which is arrested definitely at a distance of 4
mm. behind the vertical from second dorsal. The latter folds may, however, be
exaggerated, or may be entirely due to the shriveling of the specimens.

The youngest embryo described is light brownish in color, with a series of whitish
or light-yellowish crossbars down the middle of back and tail. The same colors
appear on pectorals in the form of rounded spots and blotches. A round black spot
has appeared at base of each pectoral, surrounded by an area of light yellowish.
In a second embryo, of about equal size, the bands on back of tail seem to bear a
definite relation to the spines. In an older embryo, with the yoke nearly absorbed,
the color has undergone Considerable modification. The bands and the lighter areas
have disappeared, and the disk is sparsely covered with small, round black spots, the
largest nearly equaling diameter of pupil.

464 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

6. Raja rhina Jordan & Gilbert.

In two young males, 154 and 225 mm. long, the spines are well developed and
exactly correspond. In each there are three spines on the orbital rim, one at the
upper and one at the lower anterior angle of the eye and one at its upper posterior
angle; a very large one on median line behind occiput, and a strong median series
on tail, beginning opposite posterior base of ventral fin. This is the invariable
arrangement in the young, but is modified later on by the disappearance of some of
the original spines and the development of others. Thus, in a specimen 450 mm. long
the lower preorbital spine has nearly disappeared, and the others are evident, but
accompanied by additional spines which have been interposed. As in younger speci-
mens, there is a single postoccipital spine and no mid-dorsal series, but some of the
original spines on middle of tail have apparently been lost and replaced by others,
as the lining and spacing is now irregular. The taxonomic value of these first spines
appears from the fact that they exactly correspond in the young of a number of
related species, and from the further fact that their rudiments are found occupying
definite positions during the later larval stages, some of which are described above
in the nearly related R. inornata. The same arrangement is found also in the young
of R. binoculata. The first prickles to appear are those on under side of snout, where
they form a sparse band or a single definite series along the edge and an elongate
median patch in front.

In two young males, 154 and 225 mm. long, the claspers measured from inner base
respectively 7 and 10 mm., in both cases overpassed by the ventrals.

Stations 3147, 3163, 3193, 3197, and 3208, in 56 to 203 fathoms.

7. Raja binoculata Girard.

The young can be at once distinguished by the very conspicuous ocellated spots.
In a specimen 190 mm. long the black center, the wide, yellowish ring, and the outer
black ring are very strongly marked. These spots are only faintly indicated in the
young of related species. The spines are, as usual at this stage, just appearing from
beneath the epidermis. Caudal spines 15 or 16 in number.

Family ALEPOCBPHALIDZ.

8. Alepocephalus tenebrosus Gilbert.

One specimen each from stations 3104 and 3186, in 391 and 328 fathoms. Differing
from original description as follows: The distance of ventrals from head equals length
of head behind front of pupil. Interorbital space gently convex. Base of anal fin
slightly exceeding that of dorsal.

Family CLUPEHIDA. The Herrings.

9. Clupanodon ceruleus (Girard). California Sardine.
Station 3167; depth 33 fathoms.

10. Alosa sapidissima (Wilson). Common Shad.
Three specimens of this introduced food-fish were taken in Drake Bay. Each is
about 150 mm. long.

Family ENGRAULIDIDA. The Anchovies.
11. Engraulis mordax Girard. California Anchovy.
Stations 3099, 3154, 3167, and 3182; depths 11 to 33 fathoms.
Family MYCTOPHID@. The Lantern Fishes.

12. Nannobrachium leucopsarum Eigenmann & Eigenmann.
Stations 3112, 3126, 3127, 3128, 3198, 3199, 3200, and 3201; depths 233 to 627 fathoms.

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 465

Family ARGENTINIDZ. The Smelts.

_ 13. Leuroglossus stilbius Gilbert. (Plate 34.)

Stations 3126 and 3188; depths 456 and 316 fathoms. In the specimen from 3126
the mandible has a single series of conical close-set teeth, which work against the
palatine and vomerine series above. They seem to grow slightly larger laterally.

_ The tongue seems to have some slight asperities, but no teeth can be detected.

14. Osmerus thaleichthys Ayres.
Stations 3099, 3134, 3135, 3136, and 3182, in 17 to 20 fathoms. Our specimens vary
so much in the curvature of the maxillary and in the length of the paired fins that

_ Iam unable to recognize O. attenuatus as a distinct species. The head is 4 in length,
_ and the anal contains 18 or 19 rays in two specimens which differ widely in the
' curvature of the maxillary.

Family STERNOPTYCHIDZ.

15. Sternoptyx diaphana Hermann. Stations 3127 and 3188; depths 418 and 316
fathoms.

FPamily CHAULIODONTIDA. The Viper Fishes.

16. Chauliodus macouni Bean. Stations 3127, 3128, and 3201; depths 280 to 627
fathoms.

17. Cyclothone microdon (Giinther). Station 3127; depth 418 fathoms.
Family SYNGNATHIDZ. The Pipefishes.

18. Siphostoma californiense (Storer). Monterey and at station 3141; depth 24
fathoms.

Family AULORHYNCHIDZ.

19. Aulorhynchus flavidus Gill. Monterey.

FPamily ATHERINIDA. The Silversides.

_ 20. Atherinopsis californiensis Girard. California Smelt; Pescado del Rey. Mon-

terey.

21. Atherinops affinis (Ayres). Little Smelt; Pescadillo del Rey. Santa Barbara and
Drake Bay. Dorsal fin with 6 or 7 spines, 52 to 56 series of scales, and 4
rows between lateral line and base of first dorsal.

22. Atherinops insularum Gilbert. Two typical specimens from Drake Bay, with
62 to 68 scales in lateral line and 5 dorsal spines. It is possible that inter-
mediate forms will be found and the species proved untenable.

Family BERYCIDZ.
23. Melamphaes cristiceps Gilbert. Station 3127; depth 418 fathoms.
Family ECHENEIDIDZ.

24. Remora remora (Linneus). Remora; Sucker. Three specimens from Santa
Barbara.

Family SCIZ{NIDZA. The Croakers.

25. Genyonemus lineatus (Ayres), Litile Roncador. Stations 3099, 3100, 3132, 3134,
and 3136; depths 7 to 33 fathoms.
F. BR. 93 30

-

466 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Family BMBIOTOCIDA:. The Surf Fishes.

26. Brachyistius rosaceus (Jordan & Gilbert). Stations 3101, 3115, 3132, 3147, and
3156; depths 33 to 56 fathoms.

27. Cymatogaster aggregatus Gibbons. Viviparous Perch. Drake Bay and sta-

tions 3100, 3101, 3115, 3149, 3152, and 3156; depths 29 to 50 fathoms.

28. Hypocritichthys analis (A. Agassiz). Stations 3100, 3135, and 3137; depths 11
to 29 fathoms.

29. Hyperprosopon argenteus Gibbons. Monterey.
30. Holconotus rhodoterus Agassiz. San Simeon Bay.

31. Amphisticus argenteus Agassiz. Monterey, San Simeon Bay, and Santa
Barbara.

32. Phanerodon furcatus Girard. Station 3137; depth 11 fathoms.
33. Damalichthys argyrosomus (Girard). Station 3149; depth 45 fathoms.

Family GOBIIDA. The Gobies.

34. Lepidogobius lepidus (Girard). Stations 3115, 3153, and 3154; depths 20 to 43
fathoms.
Family CHIRIDA.

35. Zaniolepis latipinnis Girard. Stations 3115, 3149, 3156, 3173, and 3175; depths
43 to 62 fathoms.

36. Oxylebius pictus Gill. Station 3102; depth 27 fathoms.

Family SCORPA;NIDZ.

37. Sebastodes goodei Eigenmann & Eigenmann. Rockfish.

Stations 3113, 3125, and 3190; depths 53 to 70 fathoms.

Gill-rakers 10 or 11 + 23 to 25. Peritoneum silvery, with scattered stellate black
spots. In three young specimens the occipital spines are evident, the others con-
cealed or not developed. The young show five dusky bars downward from back,
under front, middle, and end of spinous dorsal, below soft dorsal, and on caudal
peduncle. The head is contained 23 times in the length; the depth, 33. The second
anal spine is as long as the third, but does not reach its tip when fin is declined.

38. Sebastodes jordani sp. nov.

Most nearly allied to S. goodei, from which it differs in the much slenderer body,
the longer anal spines, the black peritoneum, and the more numerous gill-rakers.
From entomelas and ovalis this species differs in the obsolescence of the cranial
ridges, as well as in other details.

Body very slender, the depth 4 in the length, the least depth of candal peduncle
three-fourths diameter of eye. Head very slender, 24 in length, tapering regularly
to the very sharp snout. Mandible projecting, its tip entering profile, provided with
a rather small but distinct symphyseal knob. Maxillary reaching vertical from
middle of eye, 24in head. Snout3% inhead. Interorbital width 43. Eye large, 33.
Interorbital width flat or slightly convex, wholly scaled over, the orbital ridges
obsolete, or a faint trace only of the supraorbital, which is always without spine.
The occipital ridges are low and sharp, terminating each in a spinous point. In
addition to these, the tympanic spines are sometimes weakly developed, and the
nasal spines are present. The head is otherwise wholly smooth. Preorbital very
narrow below eye, wide anteriorly, without distinct lobes but with one or two weak
spinous points. Gill-rakers long and very slender, 29 present on horizontal limb of
outer arch, the longest equaling one-half diameter of orbit. Preopercular spines 5,
comparatively slender, all directed backward.

=

ICHTHYOLOGICAIL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 467

Dorsal spines very slender, the fourth the longest, or the fourth and fifth equal,
contained 23 to 24 in length of head. Dorsal very deeply notched, the twelfth spine
but one-fourth as long as the longest, and barely connected at base with the elev-
enth. Soft dorsal scarcely as high as the spinous. First anal spine very short, the
second very slightly stronger than the third, and nearly or quite as long measured
from base, its length 3} in head. The second spine appears much shorter than the
third when the fin is declined. Longest soft ray of anal 2}in head. Caudal deeply
notched. Anus anterior in position, midway between first anal spine and base of
ventrals; the tips of the ventrals extend to or beyond it, and the pectorals extend
beyond tips of ventrals.

D. xi, 14 or 15; A. 111, 9 or 10. Pores in lateral line, 54 to 58.

Scales small, everywhere ctenoid, entirely covering head, including maxillaries,
mandibles, and snout, except a triangular area on top of snout, beneath which lie the
premaxillary spines. Color as in S. goodei, dusky olive above, bright silvery on sides
of head and body and below; probably with some red in life. Fins unmarked.
Mouth and gill-cavities pure white, the peritoneum jet black.

Specimens ranging in size from 165 mm. to 215 mm. from stations 2935, 3103, and
3114; depths 62 to 124 fathoms.

Named for David Starr Jordan, president of the Leland Stanford Junior University,
the most successful worker in the genus Sebastodes.

39. Sebastodes saxicola (Gilbert).

Stations 3103, 3104, 3113, 3114, 3115, 3125, 3129, 3161, 3183, 3184, 3189, 3192, 3194, 3196,
3197, 3206, 3207, 3208, and 3209; depths 43 to 391 fathoms.

Gill-rakers constantly 10-+22 or 23. The second anal spine varies somewhat in
length, always extending slightly beyond tip of third anal spine when the fin is
declined, usually not reaching tips of soft anal rays, its length 2} to 24 in that of
head. Young specimens have faint dark bars occupying usual position; a jet-black
blotch on middle of soft dorsal with a light streak below it separating it from the
back.

40. Sebastodes diploproa (Gilbert).

Stations 3105, 3129, 3161, 3170, 3188, 3189, 3191, 3193, 3195, 3196, 3197, 3204, and
3208; depths 160 to 316 fathoms, excepting station 3197 (77 fathoms), from which
there are 11 young-specimens 2 to 3 inches long, supposed to belong to this species.
All these show the characteristic silvery-white coloration on lower half of sides.
There are traces of dark bars bn the sides; one on nape and under front of spinous
dorsal; two on sides diverging downward from behind middle of spinous dorsal;
one under middle of soft dorsal. There are corresponding dusky marks on the fins,
that on soft dorsal being a distinct blackish blotch. The projecting lobes of the
premaxillaries are evident in the youngest specimens. Fins and spines of head
about as in adults.

The gill-rakers in this species are 9 or 10 4-23 to 25. The maxillary is 2} to 2} in
head. The interorbital space is very slightly more than one-half eye. The ventral
fins extend nearly to vent. Pectorals 13 in head. There is considerable variation in
the direction of the upper preopercular spines, which are directed sometimes straight
forward, sometimes obliquely forward and downward. Lower preorbital spine
directed obliquely downward and backward.

41. Sebastodes aurora (Gilbert).

Stations 3195, 3199, and 3205; depths 233 to 252 fathoms. Gill-rakers very large
and thick, comparatively few in number, 7 on vertical limb, and 14 or 15 movable
ones and about 3 tubercles on horizontal limb of gill-arch. The coronal spines are
an inconstant feature of this species, absent nearly as often as present. In one
specimen a slight prominence on one side indicates its position.

42. Sebastodes rhodochloris (Jordan & Gilbert). Flyfish.
Stations 3183 and 3189; depths 162 and 218 fathoms. Gill-rakers 6+ 18.

468 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

43. Sebastodes chlorostictus (Jordan & Gilbert). Pesca vermiglia.

Station 3129; depth 204 fathoms. The preorbital spines can not be used to dis-
tinguish this species from S. eos Eigenmann. If the two are distinct, they are
distinguishable by the scaliness of the maxillary and mandible, the length of the
second anal spine, and the color of the peritoneum.

44. Sebastodes rupestris (Gilbert).

Station 3189; depth 218 fathoms. A single specimen, 5 inches long. The species —

is evidently allied to the vosaceus group, but is without the pink spots. Below the
lateral line is a single black streak, which grows more intense opposite the dark
vertical bars. The interorbital space contains two low inconspicuous ridges; its
width is contained 24 times in diameter of eye. No spine or a very weak one at
lower angle of subopercle

45. Sebastodes elongatus (Ayres). Reina.

Stations 3106, 3118, 3125, 3129, 3161, 3163, 3203, 3204, and 3207; depths 65 to 204 |

fathoms.
Gill-rakers 9 or 10 + 20 to 22, extending full length of arch. In the young the
lateral stripes are broken up into smaller blotches, the interruptions to the dorsal

stripe leaving 4 series of saddle-like blotches along the back, which correspond in —

position with those of S. saxicola. There is one under first dorsal spines, one under

middle, and one under end of spinous dorsal, one under soft dorsal, and one on back ©

—~

of caudal peduncle. This correspondence is interesting in connection with similar —
color marks discovered in the young of S. diploproa and those known to occur in ©

the young of the rosaceus group.

46. Sebastodes auriculatus (Girard).
Stations 3097, 3100, 3132, 3150, 3154, and 3181; depths 16 to 33 fathoms. In one

specimen the gill-rakers are 7-+15. On the upper limb two only are long and com- —
pressed; the others are round and thick, but slightly movable. On lower limb all —
those enumerated are compressed. In front is a mass that might represent rudiments —

of one or more.

47. Sebastolobus alascanus Bean.
Stations 3112, 3126, 3161, 3170, 3186, 3187, 3191, 3195, 3196, 3199, 3204, and 3208;

depths 191 to 456 fathoms. Dorsal usually with 16 spines, with 17 in two specimens ~

noted. In the young the fins are colored as in adults, not black as in S, altivelis.
Inside of mouth and gill-cayity white.

48. Sebastolobus altivelis Gilbert.

Stations 3104, 3112, 3127, 3128, 3188, and 3202. In very young specimens all the fins
are black, and the intense black lining to gill-cavity is externally visible, making
sides of head appear dusky. The mouth is posteriorly black. The branchiostegal

membranes are lined with white on basal part and edged with black. The spinous ©
dorsal is without black blotches, nearly uniformly dark in color. The spines vary |

much in height, but the third is always the highest. The second anal spine is always
much longer than the third, reaching if uninjured beyond tips of soft rays.

Family COTTIDA. The Sculpins.

49. Icelinus quadriseriatus (Lockington).
Stations 3115, 3152, 3154, 3155, 3166, 3167, and 3179; depths 20 to 47 fathoms.

50. Icelinus tenuis Gilbert.

Stations 3106 and 3129; depth 77 to 204 fathoms. These specimens are slenderer
than indicated in the original description, the depth being contained 6} times in the
length. In two specimens the second dorsal spine is filam. ntous as well as the first,
reaching in one specimen beyond front of second dorsal.

PLATE 34.

Ichthyological Collections. (To face page 468.)

Report U S. F.C. 1893.

LYCONECTES ALEUTENSIS Gilbert.

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 469

51. Icelinus filamentosus Gilbert.

Stations 3113, 3125, 3129, 3146, 3161, 3183, 3184, and 3209; depths 62 to 204 fathoms.
The preopercular spine increases disproportionately with age. In specimens 2 to 3
inches long it is short and slender, with but two upwardly directed cusps. In
adults it is the most massive found in the genus, and is furnished with four upwardly
directed barbs, the basal one of which may be minute or rudimentary.

52. Chitonotus megacephalus Lockington.

Stations 3115, 3176, and 3179; depths 30 to 43 fathoms. Two specimens have asmall
preopercular spine, with one terminal and two upwardly-directed points. Themouth
does not extend to opposite posterior border of orbit.

53. Leptocottus armatus Girard. Station 3097; depth 12 fathoms.
54. Oligocottus analis Girard. Monterey.
55. Oligocottus maculosus Girard. Monterey.

56. Radulinus asprellus Gilbert. Stations 3103, 3171, 3172, 3173, 3175, and 3194;
depths 52 to 92 fathoms.

Family AGONIDZ.

57. Brachyopsis verrucosus Lockington. Stations 3152, 3155, 3182; depths 36, 35,
and 11 fathoms.

58. Brachyopsis xyosternus Jordan & Gilbert. Station 3182; depth 11 fathoms.

59. Odontopyxis trispinosus Lockington. Stations 3129, 3137, 3152, 3153, 3154,
3155, 3157, and 5166; depths 11 to 47 fathoms, excepting station 3129 (204
fathoms).

60. Xenochirus triacanthus Gilbert. Stations 3103, 3113, 3114, 3145, 3156, 3157, and
3171; depths 47 to 76 fathoms.

61. Xenochirus pentacanthus Gilbert. Stations 3161, 3189, 3191, 3193, and 3204;
depths 160 to 218 fathoms.

62. Xenochirus latifrons Gilbert.
Stations 3103, 3129, 3147, 3156, 3161, 3174, 3189, 3193, 3194, 3204, 3206, and 3209;
depths 50 to 218 fathoms. The gill-membranes have always a distinct free edge
except at middle line, where a frenum joining middle of membrane to isthmus
may come out to the very margin. Plates on cheeks are always absent, and other
‘diagnostic marks are constant.

FPamily LIPARIDA.

63. Careproctus melanurus Gilbert.

Stations 3112, 3186, 3189, and 3199; depths 218 to 328 fathoms. ‘Three specimens
from station 3112 are graduated in size, measuring 65, 78, and 95 mm. The disk
becomes relatively smaller with age, measuring 4, 44, and 43 mm. The position
remains the same, as does that of vent.

| 64. Paraliparis cephalus Gilbert.
Stations 3112 and 3126; depths 296 and 456 fathoms.

65. Paraliparis dactylosus sp. nov. (Plate 34.)

Very close to P. ulochir, but with the upper insertion of the pectoral much lower,
opposite the lower margin of pupil, and the head and body much more slender and
elongate. Shape of head much the same as in P. ulochir, the snout broadly rounded,
slightly if atall overlapping the horizontal mouth; the cheek vertical. Occiputand
nape not conspicuously swollen. Lower jawincluded. Maxillary reaching vertical
behind middle of pupil, 2? in head. Eye large,3 inhead. Bony interorbital space 5.

>

A70 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Snout 4}. Gill-opening a narrow slit, extending to opposite third or fourth pectoral
ray, its length equaling diameter of pupil. Teeth acute, in narrow bands in the
two jaws, each band made up of oblique rows. Opercle produced into a pointed

lobe, which is separated from upper pectoral ray by a distance equaling diameter

of pupil.

Dorsal beginning slightly behind upper base of pectoral. Pectorals inserted
lower than in P. ulochir, the upper ray on a level with or below margin of pupil.
As in P. ulochir, the two lobes are joined by a series of about 8 more widely-spaced
rays. None of the rays are free. The anterior ends of the fins meet under the
throat, at a point vertically below the pupil. Pectoral rays 30, of which about 10
constitute the lower lobe. The upper rays extend beyond front of anal, but the
lower lobe is apparently much shorter. Vent anterior in position, its distance from
pectoral symphysis one-half its distance from front of anal. Head 5 in length;
depth 634. Length of longest specimen 78 mm. Dorsal ca. 56. Anal ca. 46. Each
of the types has lost the epidermis. In this condition the head and body are light
or slightly dusky, except the eyes, opercles, gill-membranes, and abdomen, which
areblack. Géill-cavity and mouth black. Probably black everywhere in life. Three
specimens from station 3112, off Santa Cruz, California; depth 296 fathoms.

Family TRIGLIDZ. The Gurnards.

66. Porichthys notatus Girard.
Stations 3099, 3100, 3103, 3114, 3130, 3145, 3149, 3166, and 3190; depths 9 to 62 fathoms.

Pamily BLENNIIDA). The Blennies.

67. Gibbonsia evides (Jordan & Gilbert).

Monterey. This species is distinguished from Gibbonsia elegans, found south of

Point Conception, by the longer and lower soft dorsal and by the less variegated
coloration.

68. Exerpes fucorum (Jordan & Gilbert.) Monterey Bay.
69. Xiphidion mucosum Girard. San Simeon Bay.

70. Cebedichthys violaceus (Girard). San Simeon Bay.

Family LYCODIDA. The Helpouts.

71. I:yconectes aleutensis Gilbert. (Plate 34.)

A single young specimen from station 3161; depth, 191 fathoms. Agreeing with
the typical example, but having head and body marked with numerous small, round,.
black spots.

72. Lycodopsis pacificus Collett.

Stations 3147, 3156, 3174, 3189, 3194, and 3197. Station 3194 is recorded with a.

depth of 218 fathoms. With this exception the depths range from 50 to 92 fathoms.
One specimen contains eggs two-thirds the size of buckshot.

73. Ibycodes diapterus Gilbert.

Stations 3104, 3105, 3112, 3187, 3189, 3191, 3193, 3195, 3196, 3198, 3199, and 3201; depths.
160 to 391 fathoms. Thereis great variation in the development of the white vertical
bars in this species. They seem to be usually but not always present in specimens
from 7 to 10 inches long. The bars usually fork below, becoming A-shaped, and do
not extend onto the fins. One specimen, 5 inches long, has the top of the head and
half the predorsal area naked. In larger specimens the head is minutely scaled as.
far forward as the eyes.

74. Aprodon corteziana Gilbert.
Stations 3105, 3129, 3161, 3186, 3199, and 3204; depths 191 to 328 fathoms.

=—

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 471

LYCONEMA gen. nov. (LYCODID.)

Generic characters as in Lycodes, but the lower jaw covered with a dense mass of
slender filaments or barbels, between which can be seen the mucous pores of the
mandible. In /luocetes the mandible is provided with a series of hollow tubes, which
are doubtless the produced margins of the pores.

Type, Lyconema barbatum sp. nov.

75. Lyconema barbatum sp.nov. (Plate 35.)

A dense fringe of filaments covers the entire under surface of lower jaw, extending
to behind angle of mouth. A series of filaments is found also laterally on the throat,
and a few scattering ones are sometimes present on the branchiostegal membranes,
Upper jaw without barbels. Body slender, the depth 114 in the length; head 6} in
length. Upper jaw overlapping the lower. Mouth small, the maxillary reaching
vertical from front of pupil, 5 in head. Teeth all conical, none of them much
enlarged. Those in lower jaw in a patch or irregular double series, narrowing to a
single series laterally. In upper jaw there is a single series, the teeth of which
increase in size toward the middle line, the middle teeth being almost canine-like.
Behind the latter is found a short inner series of smali teeth directed backward.
Teeth on vomer and palatines in single series.

Gill-slits continued forward to slightly beyond bases of ventrals and to the level
of lower edge of base of pectorals. Width between gill-slits one-half diameter of
eye. Pseudobranchie well developed. Eye 34} in head. Snout 4}. Posterior line
of occiput midway between origin of dorsal and front of pupil or front of eye.
Origin of anal fin at end of first third of length of body.

Ventrals very short, one-half to two- fifths diameter of orbit. Pectorals broad,
with the posterior edge emarginate, some of the upper and the lower rays longer
than the intermediate ones. Length of fin 1,4; in head.

Dorsal 103; anal 91; each counted to middle of caudal; pectoral 15.

Scalesshowing traces of definite arrangement in series, widely separated anteriorly,
becoming crowded toward end of tail. They are continued up on the vertical fins, but
are absent on head, on anterior half of nape, and on the pectoral fins. The lateral
line is very faintly shown, and only for a short distance behind head, where its
course is obliquely downward. The usual series of mucous pores present, but not
conspicuous.

In spirits this species has an olive-brown ground color, becoming white on under
‘side of head and on abdomen. A series of eight or nine brown spots half as large as
eye along middle of sides, those posteriorly continued downward onto the base of
‘the anal, the last two or three reaching the edge of the fin and there developing into
‘intense black blotches. A similar series of smaller spots corresponding in position
ito those just described occurs along the base of dorsal. They are also continued as
‘faint bars on the fin, at the margin of which they each develop a black blotch, those
| posteriorly wider and more intense. An intermediate series of spots alternates with
‘the two just described. An elliptical jet-black spot occupies the greater part of
‘eaudal fin and is narrowly margined all around with white. The peritoneum is
jet-black, the mouth and gill-cavities white.

Twelve specimens, the longest 150 mm., from station 3129 (lat., N. 36° 39’ 40’; long.,

“W. 122° 01’; depth 204 fathoms).
76. Maynea brunnea Bean.

Station 3188; depth 316 fathoms. The teeth on the palatines are in a single series
instead of a wide band, as stated in the original description.

77. Lycodapus fierasfer Gilbert. Station 3202; depth 382 fathoms.
78. Lycodapus dermatinus sp. noy. (Plate 35.)

Very similar to L. fierasfer, but the head, body, and fins covered with a thick, loose
skin which contains numerous pores or openings for the mucous canals. One series
of these runs along the middle of sides and forms the lateral line; it rises anteriorly

>

472 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES

above the gill-opening and is continued forward on top of head, the two meeting
between eyes. A second series runs between eye and upper lip and curves around on
middle of cheek, running upward to behind eye. One series runs along a fold bor-
dering mandible, one along preopercular margin, and one on opercle. In L. fierasfer
a few pores are visible on mandible, and one or two can frequently be made out on
preopercular margins. The skin is very thin and delicate and the fin rays are very
evident through the membrane. The general proportions and the dentition of the
type are essentially as in L. fierasfer, but the vomerine teeth are longer and hooked
backward.

Head 4% in length; depth 13 in head; maxillary 2} in head. Mandible heavier
than in ZL. fierasfer. Eye 5 in head; snout 4. Origin of dorsal vertically above axil
of pectorals. Length of head and trunk one-third total length. Teeth in narrow
bands in the jaws, a single series on vomer and palatines. Gill-membranes very
narrowly joined below and free from the isthmus, as in L. fierasfer. Dorsal 70; anal
60; peetorals much longer than in L. fierasfer.

The general color in spirits is light brownish-yellow, made somewhat dusky by
the pigment spots in the skin.. The body, and especially the fins, grows darker
posteriorly.

One specimen, 113 mm. long, from station 3162 (lat., N. 37° 54’ 10’; long., W. 123°
30’; depth 552 fathoms).

79. Melanostigma pammelas sp. noy. (Plate 35.)

Well distinguished from M. gelatinoswm by the wider, blunter head, the smaller, less
oblique mouth, the uniform black coloration, and the arrangement of the teeth in the
jaws in two series. As in M. gelatinosum, the head and body are enveloped in a
loose, thin skin, which is thrown into folds in alcoholic specimens, and entirely con-
ceals the anterior portions of the dorsal and anal fins. On dissection the dorsal is
seen to have its origin close behind the head, at a point over middle of pectoral fin,
The anal begins immediately behind the vent. The rays of both fins are enveloped
in a gelatinous subcutaneous tissue.

The head is broad, with its greatest width equaling its greatest depth. The
mouth is broad, somewhat oblique, with equal jaws, the maxillary reaching vertical
from front of pupil. Both jaws with the teeth in two distinct series in front, in a
single series laterally in lower jaw. The outer teeth in front are enlarged, almost
canine-like. Eye large, 3 in head, twice the length of the short, broad snout. Gill-
opening a small pore above the base of the pectorals, its diameter about one-half
that of the eye.

Head 8 in total length; depth 124. Pectoral narrow, its length 23 in head.

Color intense black on head and abdomen, brownish-black elsewhere.

The type of the species isa specimen 104 mm. long, from station 3202 (lat., N. 36°

46’ 10’’; long., W. 121° 58’ 45’; depth 382 fathoms). Three other specimens are at
hand from station 3126 (lat., N. 36° 49’ 20’; long., W. 122° 12’ 30’’; depth 456
fathoms). In the smallest, 56 mm. long, the head and abdomen are jet-black, but
the rest of body is only slightly dusky.

Family OPHIDIIDZ.
80. Otophidium taylori (Girard).

Stations 3108, 3136, and 3163; depths 7 to 69 fathoms. The lateral line varies
greatly in length. In none of the specimens does it reach the end of the tail. It
frequently differs widely on two sides of the same fish, and varies in length from
one-half to seven-eighths of the total length.

81. Cateetyx rubrirostris Gilbert.

Three specimens, stations 3199 and 3200; depths 233 and 269 fathoms. Head 4,% to
4,4 in length. Distance from snout to origin of dorsal 3 to 3} in length. Distance
of dorsal from occiput greater than from latter to tip of snout. Maxillary 2} in
head, Eye longer than snout, 4§ in head:

SS Core

PLATE 35.

Ichtnyological Collections. (To face page 472.)

Report U.S F.C. 1893.

OS SS

SSS_°ne

LYCONEMA BARBATUM sp, nov,

MELANOSTIGMA PAMMELAS sp,

ney.

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 473

Family GADIDA}. The Codfishes.

82. Antimora microlepis Bean.
Stations 3126 and 3188; depths 456 and 316 fathoms.

83. Microgadus proximus (Girard).
Stations 3097 and 3100; depths 12 and 29 fathoms.

84. Merluccius productus (Ayres).
Stations 3103, 3125, 3173, and 3193; depths 62 to 160 fathoms.

Family MACRURIDA. The Grenadiers. —
85. Macrurus liolepis Gilbert. Station 3126; depth 456 fathoms.

FPamily PLEURONECTIDA. The Flounders and Soles.

86. Citharichthys sordidus (Girard).
Stations 3099, 3113, 3114, 3115, 3170, 3185, and 3197; depths 20 to 167 fathoms.

87. Citharichthys stigmzus Jordan & Gilbert.

Stations 3130, 3135, 3137, and 3185; depths 9 to 41 fathoms. Taken also in Drake
Bay. Gill-rakers, 9 on horizontal limb of anterior arch. Two specimens, 45 and 50
mm. long, show white spots, each with a black half ring on the outer side, symmetri-
cally arranged along bases of dorsal and anal. There are four distinct pairs of
these, two unpaired placed more anteriorly along dorsal base, and a few fainter ones
midway between these rows and the lateral line, and alternating with them. There
are some other scattered light spots. The abdomen is crossed by a broad, black,
vertical streak. If this is the usual coloration of the young, it must be a very
transitory stage, as other specimens, a little smaller and a little larger, show traces
only of the spots.

88. Paralichthys californicus (Ayres). Monterey Bay.

89. Eopsetta jordani (Lockington).
Stations 3106, 3115, 3135, 3149, 3150, 3151, 3153, 3176, and 3190; depths 15 to 77
fathoms.

90. Lyopsetta exilis (Jordan & Gilbert).
Stations 3103, 3113, 3114, 3129, 3156, 3161, 3184, 3189, 3193, 3197, and 3201; depths 50
to 280 fathoms.

91. Psettichthys melanostictus Girard.
Stations 3100 and 3135; depths 29 and 15 fathoms. Taken also in Drake Bay.

92. Pleuronichthys decurrens Jordan & Gilbert.
Stations 3101, 3107, 3115, 3147, 3150, 3161, and 3190; depths 21 to 191 fathoms.

93. Parophrys vetulus Girard.
Stations 3099, 3113, and 3115; depths 20 to 70 fathoms.

94. Isopsetta isolepis (Lockington).
Stations 3099, 3152, and 3153; depths 20, 36, and 32 fathoms.

95. Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres).
Stations 3100, 3150, 3151, and 3190; depths 21 to 53 fathoms.

96. Glyptocephalus zachirus Lockington.
Stations 3105, 3114, 3172, and 3197; depths 62 to 217 fathoms.

97. Microstomus pacificus (Lockington).

Stations 3105, 3113, 3114, 3115, 3129, 3161, 3166, 3167, 3171, 3172, 3190, 3195, and 3197;
depths 33 to 252 fathoms.

474 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

FISHES COLLECTED BY THE STEAMER ALBATROSS ON THE COASTS OF
ALASKA AND WASHINGTON DURING THE SUMMER OF 1891.

During the summer of 1891 the Albatross was detailed to convey to
Bering Sea the United States Bering Sea commissioners, and Fish
Commission work was therefore necessarily abandoned. The only col-
lecting done in Alaskan waters was on August 3, when five hauls of the
beam trawl (Nos. 3438 to 3442, inclusive) were taken in depths of 20 to
51 fathoms off the south and west sides of St. Paul Island. Nothing of
special interest was secured, as will appear from the list which follows.

On her return late in August an exploration was made of the Straits of °

Fuca and Hood Canal. Twenty-four hauls of the beam trawl were taken
in depths of 14 to 351 fathoms, and in addition some shore collecting
at Port Angeles, Wash. While no forms were obtained which had not
been previously reported on, the dredging in the Straits of Fuca was of
especial interest, as demonstrating the presence of anumber of Alaskan
species not previously known to range so far south.

FISHES DREDGED NEAR ST. PAUL ISLAND, ALASKA.

1. Hemitripterus marmoratus Bean.

One specimen, 5 inches long, from station 3440. <A detailed description follows;
D. xiv, 12; A.13; lateral line 43. Head 2? in length to base of caudal; depth 4.
Eye 14 in the snout, about 5 in the head. Body densely covered with small, con-
ical protuberances, each with a short filamentous tip; these are about one-sixteenth
of an inch long on the back, where they are longest and thickest, and become much

shorter below. Head and fins less densely covered; the lips, occipital area, and an.

area around the eyes nearly smooth. A few cirri scattered over the head; a thick
fringe around the margin of the lower jaw. The cirri at the base of the nasal
spines are rather large, 14 in the eye, and bifid or trifid at tip. Head rather
broad and flat, provided with blunt, bony protuberances. Interorbital area broad,
deeply concave, separated from the concave occipital area by a transverse ridge.
Nasal spines sharp, separated by a width equal to the diameter of the eye. Supra-
ocular ridge prominent, with a notch, bordered posteriorly by two bony knobs;
occipital ridge with three, paroccipital with two prominent knobs. Preopercular
spines very blunt, the second the longest.

Mouth wide; lower jaw somewhat projecting; teeth sharp, in cardiform bands
on the jaws, vomer, and palatines, the vomerine patch divided by a median groove.
Gill-membranes united, forming a broad, free fold. No slit behind the fourth gill.
Pseudobranchie large. Pyloric ceca 8. The base of the first dorsal is equal to the
length from its front to the snout; the dorsals are separated by a space equal to two-
thirds the diameter of the eye. Second dorsal about 14 in the base of the spinous
dorsal. Dorsal spines all with long, free tips, the second and third spines longest;
the fin without distinct notch. The anal begins under the origin of the soft dorsal, the
length of its base nearly equaling that of the spinous dorsal. The pectorals reach
the posterior edge of the spinousdorsal. Ventrals about equaling length of snout.

General color gray, with dark marblings. Top of head darker, the under parts
light. A black spot on the spinous dorsal covering the first three membranes; also
a dark blotch on its posterior part. Two black blotches below the soft dorsal are
continued upward on the fin. Outer third of the pectorals blackish; ventrals dark,

with light tips. Tail with a light bar across its middle. Posterior half of occipital, .

supraocular and nasal region, lips, and cheeks all with darker areas.

ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 475.

2. Icelus bicornis (Reinhardt). Stations 3439, 3440, and 3441.
3. Triglops beani Gilbert. Station 3438.

4. Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus (Tilesius). Numerous specimens, less than an
inch long, taken at the surface near St. Paul Island.

5. Aspidophoroides bartoni Gilbert. Stations 3439, 3440, 3441, and 3442.

6. Odontopyxis frenatus Gilbert. Station 3440,
7. Iyycodes brevipes Bean. Stations 3440, 3441, and 3442.
8. Lycodes palearis Gilbert. Stations 3439 and 3442,
9. Gymnelis viridis (Fabricius). Stations 3441 and 3442.
10. Pollachius chalcogrammus (Pallas). Stations 3440, 3441, and 3442.

In addition to these there are mentioned by Commander Tanner, in
his report on the cruise (in Report U.S. Fish Commissioner, 1892),
young cod (Gadus macrocephalus), tomcod (Microgadus proximus), and
flounders (Limanda aspera and Lepidopsetta bilineata). Specimens of
none of these were included in the material submitted to me. The
“eels” referred to by Captain Tanner were probably Lycodids.

FISHES DREDGED IN THE STRAITS OF FUCA.

1. Raja inornata Jordan & Gilbert. A male specimen, 17 inches long, from station
3450. Spines and prickles in greatly reduced numbers. Four strong supra-
ocular spines, a strong spine anteriorly on middle of back, and a row of
strong spines on the tail. A few small prickles on interorbital space and
on each side the middle line of back. Upper surface otherwise smooth.
Below smooth, except snout and anterior line of pectorals.

. Raja stellulata Jordan & Gilbert. Stations 3447, 3450, and 3466.
. Hydrolagus colliei (Bennett). Station 3447.

. Diaphus theta Eigenmann. Stations 3450 and 3459.
Bathymaster jordani Gilbert. Stations 3464 and 3465.

. Sebastolobus alascanus Bean. Stations 3450, 3452, and 3460.

. Sebastodes alutus (Gilbert). Stations 3449, 5453, 3459, and 3462.
. Sebastodes caurinus (Richardson). Station 3449.

. Psychrolutes zebra Bean. Stations 3451, 3460, and 3464.

. Icelinus borealis Gilbert. Stations 3460, 3464, 5465, and 3466.

. Triglops beani Gilbert. Stations 3464 and 3465.

. Nautichthys oculofasciatus Girard. Station 3465.

©NMNAABRAWN

el i i
ONHO

. Aspidophoroides inermis (Giinther). Station 3465.

=
Pp

. Hypsagonus quadricornis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Stations 3464 and 3465.

. Xenochirus alascanus Gilbert. Stations 3448, 3445, 3446, 3456, 3457, 3459, and
3461,

16. Liparis dennyi Jordan & Starks. Stations 3443, 3445, 3453, 3458, 3459, 3460,
3461, 3465, and 3466.

17. Liparis fucensis Gilbert. Stations 3445, 3450, 3451, 3458, and 3459.

18. Liparis cyclopus Giinther. Stations 3443 and 3445,

19. Chirolophus polyactocephalus (Pallas). Station 3465.

20. Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius. Stations 3447, 3460, and 3462.

a
a

_

476 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

21. Atheresthes stomias Jordan & Gilbert.
22. Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan & Gilbert.

23. Parophrys vetulus Girard. Station 3460.

24. Microstomus pacificus (Lockington).
25. Glyptocephalus zachirus Lockington.

Stations 3448, 3450, 3460, and 3466.
Station 3460.

Stations 3443, 3447, 3451, and 3466.
Stations 3447, 3448, 3456, and 3460.

The following 26 species of shore fishes were taken with the seine at

Port Angeles, Wash. :

Ammodytes personatus.
Clupea pallasi.

Oncorhynchus kisutch(young).
Hypomesus pretiosus.
Aulorhynchus flavidus.

_ Cymatogaster aggregatus.
Embiotoca jacksoni.
Damalichthys argyrosomus.
Hexagrammus decagrammus.

Ophiodon elongatus.
Psychrolutes zebra.
Artedius fenestralis.
Acanthocottus polyacan-
thocephalus.
Enophrys bison.
Leptocottus armatus.
Oligocottus maculosus.
Blepsias cirrhosus.

Siphagonus barbatus.
Liparis fucensis.

Pholis ornatus.
Lumpenus anguillaris.
Microgadus proximus.
Citharichthys sordidus.
Parophrys vetulus.
Lepidopsetta bilineata.
Platichthys stellatus.

At Neah Bay, Washington, were obtained: Ammodytes personatus,
Gasterosteus cataphractus, and young examples of Bathymaster jordani.

PoE OOS EH

oe ero

INDEX.

Page.
PANHIB HES tet ecintcs caciceles tons weuc'se ca'ccs 190, 194
PAE GUU Wie El iscaices Somcsia cece censcaacaweone 64
Acanthocottus humilis...........-...------ 421
EHRICODN se oaate casa sictea oso 422
polyacanthocephalus .--.- 420, 476
PLOMmnGOTaMcs sas. eesar ee 423
ECLIES A TIRB Spo ReeeaEReeeespese 419
WELEUCOSHA! <aatwen— nea a 421
Acclimatization, some results of-.......-.-. 72-75
PAGINA PAS Oct tee anc a ntsc vce mnuneacskins 46-86
Administration, division of......-......--. 1-10
PRO ANIT Wea DOll et alate a os einie nena ee a aeaele 95
Afognak forest and fish- enibane reserve. ... 8
A rasRi 7 ALOK ANOGE =< on cand scviq panama <= 3
PANIGH TAN ViGLGSNG =e nes ata a net tod weave sa 306
Al aTMOQOBOOBUUSKG. Sc nse tence cecccasnanas= ni 81
PS ESN ONIGS cain clowns nein a saa eer n'a alse 297-304
proposed inquiries by special Treas-
TUE VIS C i erara clwieimialvin carmen pine miami arm 50
JAC Vaaray SUS SREB Oe SER Se oer ce ne Ine 39
IAUDStrOsS; SPCAMCL.-o 6. = <=. -- 2-55 wenn 8, 18,19
collections during
ROR Oe oe nr ais oan 393-476
report for year ending
June 30, 1893....... 305-341
Albemarle region of North Carolina......- 66
Alepocephalus tenebrosus......---...----. 464
Alewives, mortality in Lake Ontario...... 49
AIGxander Ay Bis eae sp csces cess coca scinnas 14, 18,

19, 52, 61, 140, 144, 301, 315, 393
report on fishing inqui-

TIOSS 2 s-ncacma dace aces 315-317

TAIOSA SSPIGISSINID. 20555 .5es05 acasnsince nse 464
IHONA StAMON 222 cs oncecn ses se mass = oe 105, 106
Alseya River fisheries.............-------- 236
Ambloplites rupestris (rock bass) ---. 138, 357, 372
ANI GINTUS INGISA Co cea— a5 seco suascanaes 359, 369
MAUQHiss tac omucce detdasecuseuia 369
MEODUIOSUB << a ciww renin a 351, 356, 359, 369
Ammocotes brachialis ......-...-.<0.ss006 369
Ammodytes personatus........---..-.... 404, 476
Amphisticus argenteus...-.....-.-..------ 466
PANU OLHOTMM At ats. a5) sublecc ane seca 306, 315
TENTED ct ae oe 6 Gis Rae te Se een Bee 37
Annelid worms, studies of .....--..-..----- 37
Annie KE. Paint, schooner. ...........-..--=- 310
Anoplarchus atropurpureus ....-..-------- 450
Antimora microlepis-...--- Ml adeciscandas 456, 473
Aplodinotus grunniens. -..--------------- 353, 373
Appropriations for fiscal year........------ 1
Aprodon corteziana.-...........-.......- 455, 470
Aquaria at Central Station.........-..--. 122, 123

Page.
Architect and engineer. ..........--...----- 3,4
Arkansas, investigations in....-....-...--- 45
Artediellus’pacificus.....-. 2... seco ce ccenas 416
Artedius fenestralis.:.-..--...--22cse.----- 476
Artificial fish eggs...-.........-..--2-..--. 94,95
Artificial salt water for aquarium use..... 95
A ReeLaGker DALK cL nae sc deace ness tee sete 71
Aspidophoroides bartoni...........-...--- 434,475
IMOTMUS oes os oe acts ace 434, 475
Astoria, canned salmon exported from. --.- 249
Atheresthes stomias’....-.-2 25-0. -22225-- 459, 476.
(ATRETING PS aN sce suisse eee ose am ema 465
INSDIAPOM sacs ss esac ae ae 465
Atherinopsis californiensis........--------- 465.
AMER MINACKOLON 1s nclciciselianieiate sae to,se emma 304
Atking, CharlesiGis.éios. 22542 2ess.ecenee= 79
Atlantic Coast temperature stations. ..-.--- 35
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)......-....-- 79, 130
Annlorh yichus haviGus! sss. cs cans cecees 465, 476
Bard Stawoen - 228 s-sce css Sane aae sees 4,117,118
Ballona California. .csccanes- sc cecerieesese 191
IBarracndatiewcccushenccccschere ces eeuees 191, 192
Bartlett; Ssbascses=-s20-0 52 ane os sade euneee 108
Bathyagonus nigripinnis........-...-.----- 439:
Bathylagus borealis. ...-....2...--.0.-----= 402
Bathymaster jordani......--............- 405, 475
BISNAEOS aoe n cota sete eee eee 404
Bathyphasma ovigerum...-....-------.----- 439
Battery Island Station..................... 91
Battle; dohn! Ds 225 ss once cacao 22, 26, 27
Big lie Ua big seeseecgsbOsesorrossenemscs Ai 67
Beam-traw! fishing te. 2 o 2. coe ce we 215
Bean bartonvan = ese sia seas eee 38.
Bean; Carleton Hesse sade es aoe 6, 14, 51, 78.
Benton County, Oreg., fisheries of -...--. 236, 238
Bering Sea, fishes collected in 1890.....-. 393-460:
Berry bill DA. sea canaascsaeentae 308, 314, 315
Big Stone Laken <<. -6\sssen—' tata 43, 348-353
Black bass (Micropterus dolomieu and M.
BalmOrdes) i ~.<)-- 2+ - cae e 97, 98, 114, 135, 137
Black grouper (Epinephelus nigritus) ----. 68
Black-spotted trout (Salmo mykiss) - -.-.--.- 99,
105,116, 132
Blepsias cirrhosus ....20---+-.+----seeeee 434, 476.
‘Boston, inqulries‘at s-4s525.5---2-encenee see 63
Bower, SOYMOUWLE s.0-sdes esses cneccesnes=aes 82
Box Canyou.tseescssscacsauheunuaceuWatream 40
Boyer, Hitincssessewe sacs -tsisecccrmeacubans 37
Bozeman Fish-hatchery.- --..----- hte ewubiee 7
Brachyopsis dodeciedrus.......-------.---- 435
VOUTUCONUS. =.) .se-ceu—edeaee 469
xyostermus).'.<2..5---9,5..5 205 46

478 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Page.

Brachystius rosaceus ......---------------- 466
BENE ERT IG Se ens tena spemenconauEcHe 89
IRIS) Vad sass seen doc copagsescsosedsodorsons 119

Brice, J. J., report on establishment of sta-
tions for salmon propagation......-..--- 387-392
Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) ..-..--- 80, 84,
104, 115, 182-133
Bryan Point Station .....----.----------- 4, 92-96
BUC cee Miva seeeeteretsisa eee eee ersee tec erences 82
Buffalo River, Hawley, Minn ..-.-..--....-. 364
Buzzards Bay investigations.........------ 11
California, investigations in.--...-----.---- 45
statistics of fisheries of-..---- 147-212
(OP et nth (Os) (Creodsecceasrose: sooSr asoosaes 308, 314
Campeche Bank, snapper fishing on -------- 68
Campostoma anomalum..-..-------------- 356, 59
-Canned salmon exported from Astoria. ----- 249
Canvasback, steam launch..-.--.-----.----- 9
Capture of salmon for spawn ..-..--------- 390
Carassius auratus (goldfish) -.....--.---- 128, 129
*Careproctus colletti.......-------.--------- 442
GEG SES S06 snob onosooE aoonee 442
melanunrgs j= 54-26 =e mien == 469
OSt@MGUWMs soa eee a ee = 444
THLENNG), Soe ousdaaeo sddcarasese 443
UMS eee alee tsa eis aieial= etete 443
“Caro Piper, Schooner......------.----...--- 68
Carp (Cyprinus carpio). --.- 90, 91, 96, 109, 127, 128
Carpentetidnsceesne seh es ses stee(sms =! 308, 314
Casco Bay, fishes 0f.-----.--- <2 - anno - =~ 48
«Catetyx rubrirostris ------.-----------.--- 472
Catostomus teres ....------------ 351, 356, 359, 369
Gatolus)<aniurus)-eeee= 2 -e= ease rane 461
Cebedichthys violaceus ..----.-.----------- 470
Central Station aquaria.......---.------- 122, 123
Cheenobryttus gulosus (Warmouth bass). 137, 138
@halinurahilitetaye oer cece sacse einen 458
Choauliodus*macounl.-.s22 = o> see -e- ce 402, 465
Chehalis County, Wash., fisheries of ....-.- 286
Chesapeake Bay, investigations in ....-.-.- 48
Oyster fisheries ....-----.- 22

Pompano and Spanish
mackerelimiee ess --cniei= 67
Chetko River fisheries --.......--.--------- 232
Cheyenne River, Lisbon, N. Dak ..-..-..-.- 362
Chinese junk fishing........-.-.--......--- 188
Chippewavhivere ses. eeaereaseosdee ea 355
Chirolophus polyactocephalus .-..-..-..--- 449, 475
Chitonotus megacephalus .......----------- 469
@hifons.studiesiOl sass se oes eee Saosin 37
(Or EE Seance dscaducneenbonSEseboace tose suo5 101
Citharichthys sordidus ...-.....--.--- 459, 473, 476
Guiltani bw) oaeesococccupseee 459, 473
ClackamasiStationie-mesce soee oceans e ae eee 4,121
Clallam County, Wash., fisheries of .-.-.-. 288-291
Clam, oyster, and ribbed mussel, food of.. 375-386
@lams ee ee scees nice eee aan ere e ssteeces 315
ClarkvWrank N 2o<ses cc acbestise acces scisis 1038, 105
Clatsop County, Oreg., fisheries of -------.- 238
Clupanodon czruleus..-.-22--- <<. -6 6 oem 464
(Ophea ree Sees pee sHecaseecodcceodedst 398, 476
sapidissima ...---- 90, 91, 92, 93, 97, 111, 129
(OPsyS IE AIRecHe pte da RING VES A ANE a 87, 88, 138
Cod fishery of the Pacific.-....--....---- 199-201
Cod-fishing in’ the Pacifie.s- 4... -- 2-2 -)..5--== 294

Page.
Cold Spring Harbor Station............---- 90
Collections of steamer Albatross during
UD Ee) eas encigsosebossonmaoscoesorcscac 393-476
Collings; dieWisssseso252 eee ee sees eee 6, 12, 52
Columbia River fisheries-..--..----------- 239-253
investigationsin........-- 38, 41
Columbian Historical Exposition........-. 5
Commercial fisheries, investigations of... -. 52, 64
fish and fisheries, notes on ..-... 67,77
Comoxjcoalmine!s ceca. se eee eee 310
Coos County, Oreg., fisheries of ...-.-.----- 234
Coquille River fisheries .-.-------.-..-...-2 234
Coregonus artedisis- 2-4-5 esse see eee 101, 134
clipeiformis =s-e2e=e epee see 134
lauretiieseeceree seer 400
Cottus\aleuticns!42s2-5--5-4-20-e see see eee 418
ABPOM, asia reels i= = eteicceiasie sei mate eee 419
Courtesies received and extended......--.. 8,9
Cox, WsJOn. 52. s2seccs cscs ence es ene siaesisians 42, 44
Craig Brook Stationesesr ease ae ee eee 4,79
Crappie (Pomoxis annularis and P. spa-
LOLGGS) bp = acon eesee peace tees sieemesce ceric 137
Crawiishy. 2 Vil sons sen e oc sten ct eoseie ee sees 111
Crawfish, or spiny lobster .........--...--- 190
Crescent City, steamer....-....-........... 313
Crookston, Minnis eeceee pace ain eenies 36c
Curry County, Oreg., fisheries of ...-..-.- 231-234
Cushman; Calvimvlieestete sete eee eee 6
Cyclothone microdon .-.-...............- 402, 465
Cymatogaster aggregatus......-.-..-.--- 446-476
Cyprinus carpio (carp) ------- 90, 91, 96, 109, 127, 128
Dakota or James River...-.-...----------- 258-360
Dall WalliamsHvs oe oon eee eee 50
Dalla pectoralisie: -s-s2ees=4-seeeee eee eee 403
Damalichthys argyrosomus.-...--------- 466, 476
Dasycottus setiger_.......------.---------- 411
Danoherty Creek ocee-.ceocsceceseeeeer eter 347
Daven portaC. Biss semecisect -iclsclesete eesti 37
Davies, William. dq. sss0-m= cesses meee 8
Dean) Bashtord ees asses ees 11, 30, 31, 48
Dean Wie Dit ve scmcmocs secon ces caeeeeenetae 114
Delaware River Station....--..-.---------- 90
Del Norte County, Cal., fisheries of...--..--- 212
Delolepis virgatus -- 2-2 2-9. = em eerem 452
Derepodichthys alepidotus.....------------ 456
Details of distribution.......------------- 127-138
Detroit Lake, Detroit City, Minn...-..-...-- 368
Diathus thetaccccctecoe cee oec enero eee 399, 475
IDimick Wc. a <eseieeseenlamale ster 58, 63
Distribution of eggs and fish......--------- 15
fishes, details --......--.- 127-138
Division of fish-culture.-....--...--------- 78-138
statistics and methods of the
HiGhenies\a. esos se see ee eae 52-17
inquiry respecting food-fishes 1
and the fishing-grounds.-.... 17-58
Dodo eh. J eeersameeea == eee eee ee 102
Dougherty, W.-H. 2.222 oo. oe seen e em eininin 8, 119
Douglas County, Oreg., fisheries of. .---.--- 235
Dredging and trawling stations of the
Albatross so2-s=ecn cee ce aces etce ace eeet 318
redoing quadrants. soe. 2 eee eee eee 314
Duluth Stations sss oe cee e eee eee ee 4, 106-108
Dungeness fisheries. ..-...----------------- 291
Bdmunds; Biman Geiss s- asec aceon eee 119

EEE _<Queeeee ees ee ee ee

INDEX. 479
Page. Page
ware VANAlYNissroscccsccice sues. oe 38 | Fur-seal investigations ................--.. 17
Eggs and fish distributed by stations... --- 15 | Gadus macrocephalus.................-.. 457, 475
Pisin fOriddtaecseccelcssceoecccccueamees 430 | MOTH 22-2 se sees eee vase eee 87, 88, 138
milk River fisheériess.2-5.2:-.s2-2.<<..ss526. 233 | Galveston Bay oyster fisheries -..-...------ 23-26
Mim OLOLOCA JACKSON 42. ae enene ~~ -<-- 5 = <n 476 Game and Fish Commission of Ontario,
Embryology of the sturgeon. .....-.------- 48 Ciriady een te Rene eee cereneer eae omen 10
Engineer and architect...........-....-.--- Selle Ceeireyert rat Ce eee al site cate eee ph ee ie 112
English Cooley, Grand Forks, N. Dak.....-. Bop Ganiet it Boies oop tosam an caenccm wee aaa 313 -
Hngraulis mordax......2....-----s0-------- 464 | Gasterosteus cataphractus.........-..--- 404, 476
Hnophrys bison .............-...-..-------- 476 | Genyonemus lineatus .........-.-......---- 465
CURIE OE semucie'clemta =o we neeia ome <inin 4968" |" GibbOnsia CVIGESs2 es. csces eocase rece se= =e 470
MICOTAUB less. cacae cs ca- cle wenn omar 4967)! "Gilbert Gharles EH <.%-+2- se eeee ce secs omens 46
Entosphenus tridentatus.-...-.-..----------- 395 | Gilbert, C. H.,on ichthyological collections
Hopsetta jordani .....--.................- 459, 473 Of PHOCATNELIONS coSec ee ece estes sere 393-476
Establishment of stations for propagation GillV Berber eee eee ccs ns tee aoe 1
of salmon on the Pacific Coast, report of Gulla nie Ge cece sarees tense. son ae eee 44
i ESTICO Ratan oicisins aniaiatn esta alata mn cimin 387 (092) | GISBSY BS MONS ctcctclenceraecesemcan acme 112
HALLO eNO NOONOD =n twien-acccc cas savedsene 68 | Gloucester, Mass., inquiries at ......-.----- 63
Etheostoma aspro-.....--.....-.-- 352, 358, 360,372 | Gloucester Station ..........-..........---- 86-87
Gn AGS aScSee ene bi oce eae 373 | Glyptocephalus zachirus.............---- 460, 473
ROWER Se aca easiascieaasmms BOS. SOO HO | OPS AIOX yout coc Utils mes wince tment ace entre 50
PEND tes esse ais ania $52, 358, 360,372 | Golden ide (Idus melanotus) ........-.---- 97, 128
Eucaliainconstans.......-..----- 348, 352, 357, 372 | Goldfish (Carassius auratus)........----- 128, 129
Eumicrotremus orbis ...-.......----------- 448 | Goose River, Hillsboro, N. Dak. ...-.....-.---. 364
European oyster culture........-.--------- S0=3270 Gorham: Cbissveen sen occcene-etere se 3, 38, 39, 40
Vas eee esc cae sas caceanean me ciate B0G" |" Grahame ees c toe coca receeeo eee ees 37
RIVETOUL OOHD sean se naceecccen secs cessinace 200) || (Grams O0bO ms eence acetals toe acetone ate 115
Evermann, Barton W ...-.------- 18, 19, 44, 50,306 | Grand Forks, N. Dak.........-.-..-...-.--- 361
IMXEYPOSTUCOLUM: --<.--cecccesccacvenens--> 470 | Great Falls fishway, Potomac River.....--. 4
Pa ON TOS easels = enki sn © <ininicsisiasicie cee = sins GUNG reeny MiGs duress. oes! 2a (scl anieiewelciae er esinee ai
HAA CG nMocme a tekee mae snincceiacccccwscece 314,315 | Green Lake Station ........-.--..--.......5 3, 80
Fairbanks, E. & T’..-........-.----2-------- 6 | Ground-fish fisheries of New England....- 76-77
RMN PEL Coenen ee aan ccalaals's a cles aman S15m |: Guano! scree eee: cece Sea aa uence enmenae 303
MBCHTOIGD CAN cece sap ceo neicwcuine ss ae 308, 314,315 | Gulf States fisheries, report on ......-..--- 66
Fish and eggs distributed by stations-.--... on Ganley otis thurs emcee ee eee a= eee ee ee 49, 98
furnished to State and Terri- Gymnacanthus galeatus.............--.---- 425
torial fish commissions... . 9 ISU Cer esos eee eee 424
Fish commissions, State, aid to...--..-.-..- GUMG ymnGliewaridis 2. see. - os = seen ser 455, 475
Fish-cultural stations, appropriations for. - 1 | Gyrinichthysa minytremus ...-.....-....-.- Add
Fish-culture, Division of...-.......-...---- 14-16 | Habits of salmon (Oncorhynchus tscha-
Fisheries in waters contiguous to Canada Way USCIS) see ne mie one a arcaueee ee melee 389, 390
and the United States. ..............5..-. Adel Ia Enexay pd Nd eet Aer meee ac isetcbe 125
Fisheries of the Pacific Coast, W. A. Wil- URINE N VV secre ste ates ere ee eeen eee 83
COs ONUhoaseans nanan ancee ween as « nlafe TSO ES OE Ea Is CAIN LOY oe iccntele ata alcintateielsiataia atera/aaiee ete 53
ishery LOPOLts)- 0. ccc. cceneencncesss---- O5-67) |p Haman, > HOWALGQ osccecresgeececeuseeaact 67
Fish-hatchery in New York...-........-.--- i 8 (rat Wh ed SP 0 pas ee ier hr ry a 22, 47
at San Marcos, Tex.......... | SEL HERON las Gres a otc slam et enin oanamee en se 92, 95, 122
Fishing-grounds and food-fishes, reporton. 17-51 | Hathaway, Isaac H.-.-..---.--------------- 4
Fish ponds at Washington, D. C.-.-..-.-..-.- 4,96 | Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus.-.-.......-..-- 475
Fish trade of Portland, Oreg......-.------- 254 POLO GaN ae cee ce weawe nee eee 431
Dall Wrancis¢0=- =. 0.5 noe ce 208-211 | Hemitripterus marmoratus.......------- 410, 474
Fishway, Potomac River.............------ Ao EV OPTiCk. MLANCISGEL code sale ncec ate wan aen te 11, 36
LICL 1S) DORR EE HERE SARs ORS AE Seer 2430 GUI O Olas soe sees sce see sewn ata eee 303
LE i) Pee ae ae ES Rees boe SS 5138 Oeessel, Bad OL I <= on ones ccee eee neo 96
PIGUONGD, Wieleccs = ca eee nee emcee ann ewe nam S14) | wexagrammns aspery.. see sane eae oleae 406
#ood-fishes and fishing grounds, report on. 17-51 decagrammuwus .............. 47
Food-fishes, report on propagation and dis- OVOUNRUUS: sone ees caueew ete 405
ira L1G) OC a A a ee oe 78-138 BUPETCUIOSUS occcsuucencsens 407
ood for TAMDOW tLOWL- «~~ =< -2cnns-sace cone De COW shoe cane eine ctdalsn a age san vanes eae eee 22
SONOS OU saiiain(s mean ina’e nian cepnion’s\ese= =n 50) ||) Eliod on alosoides << 5 <5. one ccc cewecnne nae 372
Lot AEC hts py: eA eeSss 25S s Sees 44 TOLPIGUS epee ecco. sso vadeememnwe ate 371
Forest River, Minto, N. Dak............... 367 | Hippoglossoides elassodon......----.---. 459, 476
Fort Gaston Station ...---- 4, 119, 388, 389, 390,391 | Hippoglossus hippoglossus.....- sistant pete 459
Fundulus diaphanus......----.------ 352, 357, 372 | Histiobranchus bathybius -........--..-..-- 403
Fur-seal and sea-otter fishery ....---.------ 201 | Holconotus rhodoterus......-..-.---------- 456

480

Page.
+ Homarus americanus ..--------...-. 59, 60, 89, 138
Horseshoe crab, study ofss--- -eas-s2---2 37
Hubbard sWialdovhsteceeees coe aaeeeuecee 121
tao hess| CR ca eee eee teeta 315
Humboldt County, Cal., fisheries of........ 212
bit, As Mn a Ses Sede sian se a seteatieat ea cee ee 315
SEcomibin pton ys ee eee sleet seit See ee 123
My bornathus muchalis®. 22-5 oemeeeseeisiee 360
Hybopsis kentuckiensis -.--. 348, 352, 357, 360, 371
SCOTCTIANIIS so sae ee neta ae se eiie oie 371
Hydrographic soundings of the Albatross. 318
Hydrolacus) colliet=- = =o .sse-2 e-em 398, 475
Hyperprosopon argenteus.......--.-------- 466
Hynocnitiehthys analis\e.se one enamine 466
Eiypomesus pretiosuS=-- =< ss-)-- =e 476
Hypsagonus quadricornis -.---.--.--.--- 439, 475
Tcelinwswborealise-2. cece sae acon tee eae 415, 475
filamMenbOsUSs= 4. aesec oe n5-i05 nee n= 469
Quadrisertatuss—--ssce—- nc — mies one 468
USM SASS BOs Ss Ha Re ee UA SOSeeEe 468
TeelusiPicorniseseesee= seen os ees ac eesee ee 411, 475
Camaliculatus eee ae aes eels cemeniate 412
SCUDIPORsS3-1= <a salsa ease ae wrote 415
SPUN CR eee sen ee eee oe ee mee ire 412
Wil CIN MNS See steia a lao eae einer aie 413
Ichthyological collections of steamer Alba-
LEOSS SIO ON es eens rey we meet ase ie 393-476

Ichthyological investigations in western
Minnesota and eastern North Dakota.. 343-873
Iectalurus punctatus (spotted catfish). 96, 127, 369

Tietiob Ws Canplo seer epee te ce eer eet 356
Idus melanotus (golden ide)....-.--------- 97, 128
OTANI POLED eaten ete sects + sicieetnees 72
Inquiry respecting food-fishes ........-.-.-- 10-12
Interior waters, investigations of.......--. 11
Intermediate towing - net record of the
MAND ALTOSS Saeeccaee de cGseccrieneseeeciincls 318
International Fisheries Commission....-.- 12, 64
Investigations in Buzzards Bay.-.-.-.-..-.---- 11
of commercial fisheries--..- 52-64
ininterior waters ...-----.--. 11
Towa, investigations in ...-.-.-.-.......--- 43, 44
Wsopseptanisolepisiqe =-eece-aas-ee eens scr 473
AMESs HAO Aap seis eae scieeae Seema cice ae sae a 125
James or Dakota River ..-=---.--------.- 358-360
PAIMNES tO WA Now) Kee te ee erecet cle ae doesent 358
Jefferson County, Wash., fisheries of-----. 287
Jewfish (Promicrops guasa)-..-.---.-------- 68
POHNSON MiSs ces Sejsietwsseeean'es access 125
Ia eyed Aenea ie e so oasesooneaes oe JesSoeSs 11, 36
Wendalis sWatG.e oa sean cte ee oem est h 46, 48
Kettle Mallg2ss ccc cecersainisscess eases 41
King County, Wash.., fisheries of......--..- 292
KN OWED EL «MicCHes = 2 vss cle sea seceecisclaciels 37
Lake herring (Coregonus artedi) .....---- 101, 134
Lake Ontario fisheries, report on--....--.-- 66
WakewUraversGs--ipersers| cece me osee sae Beles 42
Lake Traverse Basin, list of fishes......-..- 348
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)-...-..- 101,
103, 106, 107, 133, 134
LOM Wyble hbolsea Bor eemeeicmEaososssececucas 42
Jie Rent (0) oly Conde Cae ets abel ane ASE Ookrc 125
uae VMoume tN a kay ee alee oe rat cere soos

Landlocked salmon (Salmo salar var. se-
ID2BO) tesa ecnios ana see aaa eee a ease 80, 83, 130

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Lane County, Oreg., fisheries of..........-
Laws doDnt. 23 Sie see ee tee
Meadville| Station 2- oes "eshte eeeeeeeee
Wheary./0: iiss 2 e2kssb ae ees eee eee eee
epidorobiusilepidussse-s-eeessaese eee eee
Lepidopsetta bilineata.....-........- 459, 473, 476
WepISOStEUSIOSSCUS=4e-see se eee eee eee 356, 369°
Lepomis megalotis --.--- diate'sjeinelslnciealeiseieiseis 358°
pallidusy. eho ease ee ee ee ee 358
Leptoblennius mackayi-..-....---.-.....--- 450
MUDUUS 5.5 soos eee oecieee 451
Leptoclinus maculatus..---.-..-....-..---- 450
leptocottiusjarmatus=-------cssesceseeees 469, 476
Lethotremus muticus ..----.-...-------.--- 449
Leuroglossus stilpius)---2sc-se+--2oseeee= 400, 465
Mibbey; iwalliam2.s-cse cee <4=5see eee 11, 32
Eabraryisces. 2 cssseosaee sesso eee cee eee 3
iman dav asperau ass. -cteaee esse eee 460
PrODOSCIGEA oe as cise eee eee 460
Lindsey, Wi. Z.----- se ouasowEsenoaessnodoss 92
Liparis\arassizilics 25a as eos asec eee 446
Cy clopus |stats ssesse seceoe ene eee 446, 475
CY ClOSH OMAP esta ce ree eaeee eRe 446 |
Centiy tye Ate he eel cael cen eee 475
fACensisteseasate ks aaa eee 447, 475, 476
pulchelltisw sce sc cse esa eee eae 446
List of papers relative to Pacific Coast
fisheries! 2-iovsserde sett ance senee oer 140
II VINE STON ASB Sites tel eets laara eee 6
Lobster (Homarus americanus) ----- 59, 60, 89,188 —
Lobster, study of -------------------.------ 36
Loch Leven trout (Salmolevenensis) -. 104, 116, 130
Tiocke WEiiheeeeic cckcnis scenes 52, 58, 87
Long Beach, California ........-.....- wcnas | LOM
Lopholatilus chameleonticeps .-....------.- lL
Los Angeles County, Cal., fisheries of... 190-192 —
Los Angeles fish markets ..-.........-.---- 192
Hotaymaculosaijte aso. ceercee sees eee 373, 456
Lotsy, John 2 se. s.2 ee escecesewssemceeeee 23
Lotsy, John P., on the food of the oyster,
clam) and ribbedimusseles eases =r 375-386
ues locios eeeesosee see 138, 348, 352, 357, 360, 372
Lumpenusiangnillaris@ = s---ass=aase= er 450, 476
Ttorelldiohs URee ees yee nee sees 50
Lycodapus dermatinus..-....-....-..--.-.-- 471
OXbONSUS oaiseceieemiasem eet 455,
fierasfer!a-aceecus onesie eee 455, 471
PALVICepS 2p assess eee eee ee 455
IbyCodesibrevaDES - sss eee here eee eeree 254, 475.
diaplerus sa se se cree seer eareee 454, 470
palearis) 22. cias'scte cee nteaeelee ania 454, 475
Lycodopsis crotalinus...-..-.---..--.------ 454
Pachicus es --~asee=e eee eee cee 470
Lyconectes aleutensis....-.---..--------- 452, 470
Lyconema barbatum -.-.....----.---------- 471
iy diasbanks: 35 9ee see eae eee Cee ee re 307
“lbyopsetta‘exalis coe e ee maiicane cinema ei 459, 473
Mic Cormick, Wewis Wl eee. 3. eee eee nee 44
Macdonaldia challengeri ------ Leer aeraeraisie 404
Mackerel fishery ..-------...-----.--- 13, 57, 58, 75
investigations ......---.--.------ 46-48
(Scomberscombrus).---..-------- 89, 138
Ma crmris a. Crole pis cre sates eirela) ee stearate 457
CINGREUS ere eae parietal teeta 457
liolepisi epee cee sesece ceeteaiaaaats 473

INDEX. 481
Page. Page
Malaclemmys palustris .....--......---..-. 70 | New England States ..............0.sseee5 59
Malacocottus zonurus ..-...-----.--------- 41%) |New ponty) Callas. 7. hacen ep eenean sd aie eae 190
Mallotus villosus ........-- SAR Me SOD 400 | New species from North Pacific Ocean and
Maple River, Mapleton, N. Dak ....---.-..--. 363 Boring Sea; listiof&. 122-252 sess enna 394
Market fisheries of San Francisco --.---. 197-199 | North Dakota (eastern), ichthyological in-
EP ULIT AS 2 Os ae cise eras, eae cick yetle eeiom aan 63 vestigations Im: /-- 5 o5<s-cesnes 42-44, 343-373
Mary D. Hume, steamer..........-......---- 71 | North Pacific Ocean, fishes collected in 1890-
MV eGR EN ot Scere Cue ckivhiss ccmecicsseas ses 90 393-460
Matthew Hale, schooner .......---.-.-..-.-- 811) || Nonthville'Station:...2.. 26... s..-cese= 4, 103-105
JAS PTI Le 6 See Se Se Re Seer 88 | Notemigonus chrysoleucas......-.--.---- 357, 371
Mayne DONNER = - 2 2.5.-2 22-520. seenaean 471 | Notropis atherinoides-..........--..-.--- 351, 370
PRUNES eB pee Soto de scree 39=G85eC 455 COSI LE a <ctee saree wee eeee 351, 360, 370
Measuring fish eggs. -2. =<. - se scenesssas-e- 101 deliciosus \. oso ..4.cceeee 351, 356, 360, 370
Mechanical engineer, report of.--......---- 5 Gilee has Ros 24. ke nae eee 356, 370
EOE eles eee eaee ee once jac ceeieie ene 45, 112 heterod ons deveanieccdcosner eee eeer 357
Melamphaes cristiceps ......-------.-.---.- 465 hndsoniuala.ch: eon ss-ceeee eee 351, 371
UE MOTIS ee wiser onl elonoecm =e 404 jJejonuas seb S cscs ds Ree 371
Melanostigma pammelas .....-...--..------ 472 megalops..........- 348, 351, 357, 360, 370
Wienihattenier ane sae eres ce oss mc sc aonemetee 63 Scopiter 1! Sse bees sete ie 357
Meredosislsland’s 2: osc 5 s-s20%eecstetaecses 109 Whipplites:seueee oe sees 356, 370
IVES EAI DUALS a see se pe tanciniee cise eters 20) | Wotnrns) eyrinus: 2 secesee|- eee eee ee 356, 369
Metcalf, MaynardM ~..-.. = 2-5. <-nenecens= Sir)\ Nymphe He Bees): h2ces ee eee 313
Meteorological and cruising record of the Odontopyxis frenatus.......-....---...-- 435, 475
J UNOPS SAS oe g58 Ser ser om poe sens he ene 319-333 leptorhynchus.......-.0--.... 437
Microgadus productus ....------------ Grose 473 {RIS pINOSUBs 52 —cceseseee— saa 469
TUL O RSD NEG eee rriges = boss 476 | Oligocottus acuticeps.-...-.....-.--------- 432
Micropterus dolomieu (black bass) -..----- 97, 98, ANALIS reds vs ceclenitwesteecetease 469
114, 135-137, 352, 358 AMACUIONUS( 4-15.40 sc eet eeeaee 469, 476
salmoides (black bass) ------- 97,98, | Oncorhynchus, different species of ....----- 391
114, 135-187, 352, 358 | Oncorhynchus chouicha...-.....-.--.------ 130
Microstomus pacificus....-...--.---. 460, 473, 476 gorbuschal{.:-c. 22-22 eee 400
Middle Atlantic States fisheries........--. 53-57 Kisnteh)siss/-cs-seniecemeee 401, 476
OU ere OT ATNIS Ua no's) nratanis'W ale's Seieteimciaw njoe\acie 101 en kaie- seas naa eoat metals 401
RESP ER oars a, dealer etwas atari Aaa 18-19, 315 tschawytscha..............- 401
Gere Vici Gx un ecttereiteyoe speeds cen cix See B08js14))| \Ovahood, iM 235255. dame cects hacker asics 115
MANNER NAVEL ss. Sia cans ecw ssa cee te ok 355%'| Ordway, Alberhices = soreeaaseen che ae acta 8, 92
Minnesota (western), ichthyological inves- Ophiodon elongatus: 32382 222 ce jeaclew ane wit 476
Lin [erkay el | eRe EE RE Iie oe 42-44, 343-373 | Orange County, Cal., fisheries of .-......... 190
Minnewaukan, or Devil Lake.-.......-..-.. 368) | Oréron, fisheriesiet.- 4 o0cs..3 tal oaaedeeteets 213-239
Mixtor fleldvinguinies «<5 <2). <..0.-22e6ews 65-62))| (Ortonvilles Minn SAeoe2. 34sec eeeeen ees 353
Mist Harbor, Nagai Island .....-.......... S16") \Osmerusitdlentex.o-2 seo. jolt ottememebe ie 400
PTcohite ari ge ey eee mint mete seh cioh ce en, Sia 309, 313 thaleichthyss. ters 14-2 .2eaee as 400, 465
Monterey County, Cal., fisheries of.--...... 194 | Otophidium taylori ................--.2.... 472
WON Gey 1 GO ME si a nre w a a eom i etee 354 Otter Tail River, Breckenridge, Minn...... 362
Moonlight, schooner .....---.---.---=-+-:- Bley (Omylebine piolus ads sesso o sees eas a eee 466
Moorhead, Minn.........-.......----.----- 361 Oyster business of Puget Sound......--. 295-297
iMioppans Obits s52Su 00) to an oate oonnc 6 | Oyster, clam, and ribbed mussel, food of.. 375-386
Mortality among alewives in Lake Ontario- 49 | Oyster culture in Europe -................. 30-32 -
Mouse River, Minot, N. Dak.......--...... 365 fishery of Willapa Bay-..--.......- 285
Moxostoma macrolepidotum duquesnii..... 351, industry of San Francisco-.....-... 206-208
356, 359, 370 investigations and experiments. --. 10,
MMi SOn Wisp tlen os .4e545e—heeseeeacs sees as 82 11,,29),32
isin ka ha@en sees dants cance ste esac ssn 347 | Ozark Mountain region ........-.....--..-- 45
Nannobrachium leucopsarum -...---..--. 399, 464 | Pacific Coast fisheries, W. A. Wilcox on.. 139-304
MANNOCHIN. = aeniscmentea= slut 400 oyster fisheries ..............- 29-30
Nautichthys oculofasciatus........--.--- 4947470 | Pacific'\Cod fishery: . 5.04 fc.s 50st 199-201
Weah: Bay Hemeri6e => 4-2-2. saaseesn es -=--- 289 | Pacific County, Wash., fisheries of ....-.. 284-286
Nebraska, investigations in.............-.. 43,44 | Pacific Slope temperature stations......... 35
Nehalem River fisheries. .%.............--- 239 | Pacific States fisheries ..................... 60, 62
Nematonurus cyclolepis..............------ S0Gul Pash) Willa s1 semi dess 228 oc ces Se 110
Neoliparis callyodon........- EE ee 447 | Paralichthys californicus .................- 473
Neds Stations. ce kes see on wast. 4,110-112 | Paraliparis cephalus...............-..--. 442,469
Nenmann; Rudolphie: eacc Se os case lets s'2 ai 305 dactylOsMAie. ..-<~s.4sneseneeee 469
New England fisheries, report on........-. 65 PGIOMEIAAL. =. <nn0..waninsuccmeeeeee 441
ground-fish fisheries......... 76-77 MGR te ae goannas ee tos 441
F. R. 93 31

482

Page.
Park River; Grafton, N. Dak -2252--22-:22--- 367
Parophrus veumlus)y--soemeeo see eee me 432, 473, 476
Patten Walliams. -cweseteceeiseoaeclaeeues NST
Pearce ih. 'O..2setekctassber nse ee es) sue eee 125
Peck dames Leos ascsuces Poscteneseeaees 37
Pecten irradians, study of....-------.------ 36
Pembina River, N. Dak.-...---.--- ws) RIA YS 367
Perca flavescens ......--..--- 134, 353, 358, 360, 373 |
Percopsis guttatus.----------------.. 352, 357, 372 |

Personsemployed in Middle States fisheries - 54
Pacific States fisheries. 60-62

Petrelisteamy lame hye ea ete ems vaceinei sails) 9
Phanerodom turcatuse. = sss -/.--s2e see acca 466
IPHGLMSMAsCHGUS eee eereesesceeeenaee esse ae 449 |
OLN APIS RE ek odio cust ae Stason 450, 476
Physical inquiries off the coast of southern
New England and the Middle States. .--. 32-35
Pickerel See ee eS Bees Saye scseleaesesie 128
Pickled fish sent to Sandwich Islands.---.- 189
Pierce County, Wash., fisheries of...--...-. 292
Pike pereheseras 22s s— asta aac = = 102, 105, 108, 134
Pimephales notatus..-.-...--- 348, 351, 356, 359, 371
LOMOE]AS weet eee 356, 359, 371
Pipestem (Creek, Ni Dake. - 22. 225--2--.----- 358 |
Platichthys stellatus......-+------------- 460, 476
TPT ate RG Wer tee sere sire epee rere eres Selene Seevate 22,90
Pleurogrammus monopterygius...-..------ 405
Pleuronectes Placialis: 4.2. 5h csc sss .nccsm-- 460
quadrituberculatus ..-.-.-.-- 460
Pleuronichthys decurrens..-.--.-..---------- 473 |
Podothecus acipenserinus.--..-..---------- 440 |
Polistotremastouti: 2252.) ooo ses. sce ene 395, 461
Pollachius chalcogrammus......--------- 457, 475
Pomme de Terre River.-..........-. eeeeaae 354 |
Pomoxis annularis (crappie) ....--------- 137, 352
sparoides (crappie) -------.--.---- 137
Pompano in Chesapeake Bay..------------- 67
Porichthysnotatuseeesec- 1] =e oe ace a=- 449, 470
Poroclinus rothrocki.-.--.--------- CO ERE CIAe 451
Port Angelesfisheries...........----------- 291
Pont Hart Orde cate ee ose steeme see cle menmere 194
Portland, Greg., fish trade of.-..---. eRe a 254
Prionistins/macellusg.2—<----2 seesea cence 431
Products of Middle States fisheries. -...-.- 55, 56
Propagation of salmon on Pacific Coast,
BOPOLtOfvel.d\ ce OLICC sae mae mes ate eae 387-392
Psettichthys melanostictus -...-......----- 473
Pseeudemys TUGOSa qa ara = ois eee elal al 70
Pseudopleuronectes americanus (flatfish).. 188
Psychrolutes)| zebral-22s---.=<- 2-2 410, 475, 476
Plegh thy ste Cede essays eee 453
SEAL AGLOMS wer yapyee ealatonetneet os -y=ioialetarale 1-3
Patan Bay yStatlomy n=. «as-is e nm ane 100-103
IPVeOSheUS PUN CTOLUS 130 tseleee sleet 404
Quincy Statione =a--2 eee see eee ae el- oa 108-110
Qnommatsallm one) ae ees ete eae 119, 130
Raceviidwardsbiouics cess aoc ee ela venleeie ae 53, 63
Radulinusasprellusi=-¢-2--s-s2saee~ s/s) 469
Railroad transportation.-....-2-----+---- 126, 127
Rainbow trout, or steelhead..-.-.-.-...+.--- 392
Rainbow trout (Salmo irideus)-.-..------.- 80. 93,
98, 102, 107, 112, 116, 118, 120, 180-132
Rajalabyssicola \-gascsccisncd fei savte se 396
alewtica Jo tecsdsa sees ese se 397
binocuwlata <3 --6-cena- POA BOL HaSeEnas 464

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER

OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Page.
Raja inormatan<an-ecaacree eee ee eee eet 462, 475
ParmiieraL oe sees eeeeee see eae 395
PHIM GS soon eee the eeaee aoe 464 —
Stellalatas.2. ete ssesecoet eee 396, 462, 475
trachura: 22323 Soe ee eee eee 398
| PRAM PSL UU MSY Geecemeocksiee nese Bae eee 312
| VRathibum, Richard! 222) ess -ssese ese 10, 12, 14, 20, 65
Rathbun, Richard, report on the inquiry
| respecting food-fishes and the fishing
Pies!) ayes Caan pee ees eee Ons 17-51 —
Ravenel, Ws De Oi 5e ashnsosceecee nena 91
\-RaweretaWattell © eee ee == ss see aaaaeee
Rea, ds Ke. i ckete eee he ee ee 124
Rea, W: Dino. 22 eee ee 125
| Reeord of animal life, driftwood, efc.,
observed from deck of the Albatross... 336-341
Red grouper (Epinephelus morio) ....-.----- 68
Red Lake River, Grand Forks, N. Dak.-.. 365
RedondoBeach osc sea tee cece en eee 190
Red River of the North.-.-.....--- 43, 344, 360, 369
Refrigerator cars for shipping fish..-.--...-- 293
Remora: Prem Ora sens s2 52 Poet eee moaee Sees 465
Rhinichthy Ss atronasus)s see = sees ee tes eee 360
cataracts duleis.-=---22- 348, 357, 371
Rhinoliparis barbuliferss22822s22s--e- 2 42= 445
hin otriacisihenmleijeee eee ees ee ee 462
Red'snappers 222326 Jats. A eee 68
| EREewveswliS. Ke, reportiots cesses eet eee 5
Relations with foreign countries -.--..----- 10
Reports on the fisheries. -.....-..----------- 65-67
_ Ribbed mussel, oyster, and clam, food of.. 375-386
|: (Rather Wi ice stiecs see e ae sees eee 50
| Roceus chrysops (white bass)-.-....---.---- 135
lineatus (striped bass) -----. 72-75, 123, 124
| Rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris)..-..--- 114, 138
Rogue Riveritisheriesi- =e ---— saan sere 231
| Rush, revenue cutter........-.---.-s000---- 313
Rutter Cloud: js22c2-t.csceee eee eaters 44
| Ryan) bugene wD) eceeessepeecee see -felsetee 308, 315
Ryder; Jiohnt “Aes. ee ee cee ee eeee eee 10, 26, 48
| Sasaki; O2...<.28t..ntetabe sae eee 10
ScChnme Cert Gaeeeeeree- eee eee ee eee are 115
| Schoodie' Station! = secs. sess sae see oe see 79
| Schrullze wiih eerie anette seaweed 50
Scomber scombrus (mackerel) ...---------- 89, 138
Sebastodesialatuste es see clon eerare erate 408, 475
auriculatus: je -ceeceseeeeseemee 468
AUNOLA Ss seen sees ae eae 467
CAUTINGS ahs acess eee 475
chierostictus)s-sees: ssosee eee 468
diploproayasss<ssee-soeeeeeeee 409, 467
Clone avUSe eer =e eeeeeeeee 408, 468
PROG Oko ascocssSocesnss osc 466
TWOUTCOWN YS) oe ee cose eae sce aac 407
FORM AMI Soto sees ee ease aaa 466
rhodochlorisi 2ueeess-+ eee oe 467
PUPGStRISHa sees eee ae 468
Saxicolazkwteosesissacseseeosses 467
ZACODLRUS eo wees eee eee 408
| Salmo fario (Von Behr trout)-.-.-..-..----- 104, 132
irideus (rainbow trout)...---------- 80, 93,
98, 102, 107, 112, 116, 118, 120, 130-132
levenensis (Loch Leven trout). 104, 116, 1380
mykiss (black-spotted trout) ...-.... 99,
105, 116, 132

INDEX. 483
Page. Page.
Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon).-....-------- 79,1380 | St. Johnsbury hatchery..............----. 6
VAD.ISGDAPO soaaacoedook a ee O88 180 "| Sh. Poul hadink scsi, pees Soausi ao ard 316
Salmon in Columbia River. ............... 88:41 || Stanley-Brown, Jl «cones seven aeasseneee oa 17
Salmon industry of Alaska............-.- 299-303 | State fish commissions, aid to ..........-.-- 9
Columbia River ..... 240-250):|) Stations, list:of. 2.20. J.eee~seneeeeonaseie as 78
Salmon propagation on Pacific Coast.... 387-392 | Statistics and methods of the fisheries ...-. 12, 14
Salting salmon in Alaska .........-....-..- 301 | Statistics of Oregon fisheries........ .-.. 215, 231
Salvelinus fontinalis.....-.. 80, 84, 104, 115, 132-133 Washington fisheries. ......-. 255, 283
Malm. cee cen cL acd pease 402 | Steelhead salmon...... 2.222... sce ceee eset. 120
namaycush (lake trout)-..--. 101,103, | Steelhead, or rainbow trout.............-.. 392
106, 1Ov,1eBe13d: || Sterling. SEAN. oes xnbecvecm qectnadace 67
Sanborn Island, Nagai Island..-..-.-..---- Si7 | Sternoptysx digphana.----.......2.-25.cs0s8 465
San Diego County, Cal., fisheries of ..... ISG=190') “Stevenson|C. Het As cakes Se. ae 53-64
Sandwich Islands, preparing fish for........ 190 | Stichzeus punctatus. ..............-5--6--n: 450
San Francisco County, Cal., fisheries of.. 197-211 | Stizostedion vitreum............. 134, 353, 358, 373
San Francisco market fisheries. .......-.. 197-199 | Stone, Livingston .....-.-..-.....-20.-=% 117, 119
San Juan County, Wash., fisheries of...-.... 295: | Stone é: Gilbert. <\.ncaeve-nn-npeeesudeee eee 101
San Luis Obispo County, Cal., fisheries of.. 194 | Storm King, schooner..-.......------------ 68
San Marcos fish-hatchery...........-.---.- ii | Sivan alien dees ectincceeeeen eet sana 100
Santa Barbara County, Cal., fisheries of..-. 193 | Striped bass and shad in California.....- 149-151
Santa Cruz County, Cal., fisheries of....-.-. 195 investigations concerning .. 128, 124
ALC A MONICA Calne ec menenccteceuae ses ~mme 191 | Striped bass on the Pacific Coast .........- 72-75
Sardine canning at San Francisco -...-.-.... 208.) Strowger; GC. Hie... ok Sea eee 49
SUT GUNGT acSae $8 5canb aes ReneS pence aR OSeere 192 | Sturgeon, embryology of.......-..........- 48
Sea bass (Serranus atrarius)......-..------ 89,135 Sturgeon fishery of Columbia River ..... 250-253
SECTES (ayn ec) GR Son cee ear eemendeacian 98 | Summary of distribution................... 16
Ga S16: ONG ie xe sine eee wine ooeeaemin wasietawins 2629 IR SOMHSH. 5 ies cscktedccan asics sas cae eee 138
Sealing pails in transporting fish..-...-.--- 94 | Sutter, B. F......-..----------0--- 222 e eee 72
Sealinvestigations..................000---- 10 | Sweeny, R..O...........--..22------------- 106
SHAR Ua TRS Sgeeemen ce poeco Se ace 95 | Manner) Zee Fe se cawteesee en cee olsen 3, 18, 19, 315, 393
SGML LORS ane tee oot o sincnaiaiSein sinia'siw creisiets 193,194 | Tanner, Z. L., reporton work of the steamer
STN eee 193 | Adibatrose <2. <<... .02aue 305-341
MEd ONCODHSHOLW occ nom cnmeninvesinsecciess =e 201 | Tanner intermediate tow net.......-......- 309
DA NEY 8 ear eels ate atm te et =m 233 | Tehama County, Cal., fisheries of.......... 211
Seman On DRO - name = sawn qes oc ce cee cca 310) |) Dench: (Tineartinea yas. sce eeac 255 can cs ore 128
Seattle, salmon canning at.......-..--..-.- 202) ) Derrapin quires chen. cenleser ns cesebeee 70
Sebastolobus alascanus......-....-.- 409, 468,475 | Thaleichthys pacificus.............-...---. 400
altel 2S cece sass 2 SIOFAGR: || EHOMMER Wa Wiest sa schiee Ges cecemn eo ete 393
Semotilus atromaculatus ..-..... $48) 35%, 200; a0. | LbompsornMajlsee io. cenneae aaitemamee 39
Serranus atrarius (sea bass) ..-..----.---- 89,135 | Tilefish investigations ..........----.-.---- il
Shad and striped bass in California...... 149-151 | Tillamook County, Oreg., fisheries of...... 238
Shad (Clupea sapidissima).........---- 90, 91,92, | Tongue River, Bathgate, N. Dak........... 366
93, 97, 111,129 | Townsend, C. H.........2..00..0.0-. 8, 18, 19, 315
Shad on the Pacific Coast......-.----.-.---- 72-75 | Transportation by railroad.........-....- 126, 127
Shuma rin elandsis <cena~( isc ene eaicencacae 190) Woraverse Walks <2... 02 detains cueeuas tasanee 345
Silkha Riverwisheries: -- <0 --- cece sccns>e OBB Miriehodon tiehOdOn. 25... ss cu encweme ones 449
Siphagonus barbatus..---...----.<---<- 435,476 | Triglops beani .....-......--.----+-----+- 426, 475
Siphostoma californiense....-.......------. 465 ACE PMC MB ac nna tenkacaccanbnenvamee 428
Siuslaw Kiverfisheries::....-2-- -s2-<-c-52-56 235 ABHOSTOLUUA ocosk muse cea aeeeee as 429
Skagit County, Wash., fisheries of..-....-.. S08) |) Mi ans RaseAle «S222 ecto ae er 105
Smiathersiés Chompson. <2 <--14-cce-hae0ce n= 101 | Turtle River, Manvel, N. Dak.............. 368
Smithy eroph M2222 oi snes Jake coc 12, 14, 20, 22 | Umpquah River fisheries................... 235
Smith, H. M., introductory to W. A. Wil- I) Omallapk oon 0 ioe foi eee anes au aia 317
cox's report on Pacific Coast fisheries.. 139,141 | Uneva Lake.........-----...----..--------- 116
Smith, Hugh M., report on division of sta- Walley (Olive Neale. Joe too /ack ane we vain ste 363
tistics and methods of the fisheries ...... Be eiriin NN ROD Ps trat INVA a oralate hs wie towers eae eee 20, 22, 65
Snapper fishing on Campeche Bank....-.--. 68 | Ventura County, Cal., fisheries of.......... 193
South Atlantic States fisheries, report on-- 66 | Vineyard Sound investigations............. il
South Dakota, investigatfOns in............ 42,43 | Von Bayer, Hector...............-..000---- 3
Spanish mackerel in Chesapeake Bay ...... 67 | Von Behr trout (Salmo fario)............ 104, 132
Spawning of salmon ....-.... SS ea ns 535 a 120 | Vrooman, Daniel...............-....--.-.-- 101
SpecislitenOris) = sean -o-wasees cet as cs von So) iy akeham siWilltnmen 6... odscemacicausus 12, 20, 65
Spiny lobster, or crawfish...............-.- 190 | Walthew, F. A., letter concerning fishing
BNOUPES (AUNUIGN Ole s.cte ecco edn en skins Soi 87 on Campeche Bank..isc....cs<2scsvemeswas 69, 70
Spotted catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)..... 96,127 | Warmouth bass (Chenobryttus gulosus). 187, 138

484

Page.
Wisner Bim Soe. ck =. aaiienemote sielceesntece 10
‘Warsaw (Epinephelus nigritus).....-.----- 68
Washington, D. C., fish ponds.-........... 96
Washington, fisheries of..-------. eee 255-297
Water temperature stations..-..--.-.------ 35
Wihale fisheryi-=-22) --2 3-7-5: jeeelee 71, 202-206, 290
Whatcom County, Wash.., fisheries of... --- 294
WVineatstonevRiyerssca-ess=cieas cece eeele cm 354
White bass (Roccus chrysops) -------------- 135
MVhifehish 525-5 ses eeneets 100, 105, 106, 107, 134
Miata INS Mig be ens Se Soot oooeecsode 308, 314
IVa COME A Eretet 5 sacs 14, 53, 60, 61, 62, 64
Wilcox, W. A., on Pacific Coast fisheries. 139-304
AWVAUkcint sei nis ce Sao am mniala amen neta atattarnis 98
Wola pat Ba yeseste ace s= see ee ee estas 11, 285
Walliams. G.wBiencotdicsscsee-cSteeeeentea. 117
WalminetonyiCales-ea4-eeensce cece seer SI!
Wrlsont (dbs 02 Conse cine eel nae aiesetoats 315
RI SOT Hage maine Saisie ra che ere = amepsata eT
Windchuck River fisheries..-......------- 232
Warmiireds ischoonery= sme a-4 eee ianel= == 306
MWVAROS IS ube Hee eats eA oc cee aeicetseins 105, 106
Wisconsin, investigations in.............-. 44

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.

Page
Wi00d (Wie Dee cacnu-eccooee cea semen ecome 7
Woods'Hole laboratory, ~~ 222-202 ---------- 36-38 ©
Woods Hole|Station)..ceeeceeeeoseemeee ee 4, 88-90
Woodworth; iW Mics soe te eae ee 37
Wroolman) sAcidi fee -o2sse.seeoeeos 33, 42, 343-373
World’s Columbian Exposition ..-..-....-- 6
Worthy SiGe ses. a.c=sereceeoeee eerste 14, 92, 93
Worth, 8. G., report on the division of fish-
culimrense cise see eae cede aoe eee eee 78-138
Worth, 5S. G., report on a parasite occurring
ON) HOO aap Seance seeuseokunencgaosass 5 85
Wyoming, investigations in........--...-. 43, 44
Woy theville|Station== 22" << cen es ena 4, 98-100
Menochirus alascants-.s-cesaseceseiasee se 438, 475
latifrons tn <ctecons ee sea 469
pentacambhuss..-sss-se-seeee ee 469
CHIACH LATS eee ae ae eae 438, 469
Xphidion mucosum-see-eeaeee sees 470
Yaquina River fisheries....-.....-....--<-. 237
Yellow perch (Perca flavescens)--.--.-..-.. 134
Zaniolepis abipinnise se .sena\ = amet ale 466

Zollinger, J. C.....

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