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a STATES COMMISSION OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
4
Jeg od Sarl DN, Gl a
ReEEOn t
OF
THE COMMISSIONER
FOR
THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 380, 1894.
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1896.
Ay
ae
opin: ea ray iene =e) TON eee ae 170
ILI) eG MGR Grae Se 8e 5 oe Soe ceeganede ge ose sac sa- Gaee bot See eae aoe GI lei ears ees 161
Aisa ROMEO Teme moet eae nee ane aie cieise es cisenises cle eccisine sic seinivtsiciosasisoc.ss PAs | eee ek aie 20
Monts willevantheN aol will oe oye eaemee a. seston aes «eis eae ea a dame 2, 205 | 432 | 2,637
lenin), Clantiiel da. cs sebeescomses cesone OS Ab GOSS Cb cen Unde Same mR cose CBeCosond esconspece 3 | 3
Wasik kh Gi einai a Wee Aa aan nconouecogaeboor cred Seer Onpaeberer cosas PRU ee reas 2, 568
WAS Otie IAGO ne dean aod essodu Soodecaod boned cous Se nséa5Sacuocbcnedsosas ye Ue Lal a er 1, 444
Mirela cami @ em Gras arectet selene aiclen miselela ate sea eleiainiee oiieiaiet inte asim i=l 10, 868 76 | 10, 944
Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste Marie.............-.--.------..-.-..-- B22) eicicc eens 322
Wi nMla eh) Ole sao se doaeosopee COs Sotche -Aoearboer Ep ooeeroabe Sonsorraue 26a estat 126
IWaravera nl EPO Se Ss basa es de donscodgcogde 2coG0 26 DESDE OECoMOmcnOoeaes 3, 312 2, 020 5, 332
Quincy, Omaha and Kansas City ........-..---0.---- 5-22 wenn ne ne ene ne ne eee 108 108
Shs ibjonmnis Graal Spin henry SS cenccuacco aces cosecons soasanedecHogeoone 2, 142 353 2, 495
Stour fron Mountain and) SOULHELD. = 66 - tose as ose ainere ae eeiciee aeons BAAR SE, otis es) 544
Jierene, Mig! TBO saege0 be Joodoc SO GeSECOa = ne Sane SBOE SnOSeoEeOceaBBr ara 1, 026 | 342 1, 368
LOhito Deeb ive coe 6.2. Rw Eee Ut Oe Eee Bee eee tee eee epee ea eae 5, 038 | 909 5, 947
Aion eine kin hapol OSs Be 3 Beas se ceseee bored’ asoUnSseeor oo aneer boc oepecdces 2, 700 879 3,579
Wiabashy Ghester and Westerns. so sone ce cess ase cee secre csiciamewcsictec cs 26) [ex aaa 28
West Virginia and Pittsburg
Wilmington and Northern............---
Wyvern) Chmint)! Conn Sache Gorge DO en: Pep CEEe HE aT eSce Seco Se eSeeeerriese
DMEM eee Sas sac cere 9Or oe] PORE EOE BOS See CDH Er CRS necro oe pomaar ce croer 65, 093 | 9, 793 74, 886
ADDITIONAL FISH-CULTURAL STATIONS.
On June 9, 1894, Hon. H. H. Bingham introduced in the House of
Representatives the following resolution:
Resolved, That the United States Fish Commissioner be, and is hereby, directed to
report to the House of Representatives the desirability of the Government estab-
lishing a fish-hatchery in the grounds of the Zoological Society, Philadelphia, on
the Schuylkill River, in the city of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania.
A similar resolution was presented to the Senate on July 19, 1894, by
Hon. M.S. Quay.
In replying to this resolution the Commissioner expressed an opinion
adverse to the establishment of a station as proposed thereby, for the
reason that it would be improper to locate Government works on prop-
erty not freely open to the public, the Zoological Society charging an
admission fee for entrance to its grounds. It was also ascertained that
title to the site proposed for a station could not be vested in the United
States, as required by law.
Fish-hatchery at San Marcos, Tex.—The release of the trustees under
the trusts given to secure certain bonds issued by the San Marcos
Water Company, mentioned in a previous report as required by the
Attorney-General as necessary before the deed of said company con-
veying to the United States certain rights would vest a valid title to
the same, were secured, and on September 27, 1893, the Attorney-
General certified to their sufficiency to convey with the deed a proper
transfer of the easements mentioned. Pending the erection of the dam
across the San Marcos River, agreed to be built by the San Marcos
Water Company and the citizens of San Marcos, settlement of the
consideration to be paid was deferred. Payment for the tract of land
purchased from Mr. W. D. Wood was made June 18, 1894.
F. R. 94-2
18 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Fish-hatchery, New York.—During July, 1893, a further investiga-
tion for a suitable site for the establishment of a fish-cultural station
for the propagation of salmon as well as whitefish was made by Mr.
Frank N. Clark, superintendent of the Northville, Mich., Station.
The result of this examination demonstrated the impracticability of
securing, within the limited territory specified in the appropriation act,
a location such as was necessary for a station to be conducted on the
plan originally contemplated. It was therefore decided to confine our
attention to the increase of the principal commercial fishes of Lake
Ontario—whitefish, lake trout, and the pike perch. On May 26, 1894,
instructions were given the chief clerk and the engineer of the Com-
mission, Mr. Gill and Mr. Reeves, to examine the eastern shore of Lake
Ontario in New York for a location affording facilities for the propaga-
tion of these fishes. They recommended Cape Vincent, on the St. Law-
rence River at the outlet of the lake, and secured options for the sale of
two pieces of property affording the necessary requirements. One of
these embraced a lot having a water front of about 115 feet on the river
and extending about 200 feet to the main street of the village, and in
near proximity to the railroad station, improved by a substantial stone
building 60 feet by 40 feet, with a lean-to of 24 feet by 65 feet, and a
large detached brick chimney tower. This building, which was for-
merly used as a grist mill, has walls between 2 and 3 feet thick, with
their foundations on the solid rock, and is in close proximity to the
river. It has three floors, a basement, and an attic, which afford ample
facilities for hatcheries and office and sleeping accommodations. The
option also provided in case of sale for the construction of a stone-crib
wharf into the river in front of the building for the proper placing of
the necessary water pipes for the supply of the hatcheries, The com.
pensation to be paid was fixed at $3,500. The proposal has been
accepted, and the necessary steps will be taken for the acquisition of
the property.
Tennessee.—Under provision of an act approved August 5, 1892,
authorizing an “investigation and report respecting the advisability of
establishing a fish-hatching station at some suitable point in the State
of Tennessee,” investigations were made in that State during the Sep-
tember and October, 1893, and a report thereon submitted to Congress
January 24, 1894 (Mis. Doc. No. 52, Fifty-third Congress, second ses-
sion). The site appearing to offer the more favorable conditions for a
station was one several miles distant from the town of Athens, McMinn
County, though its distance from Athens, where the labor and supplies
needed for the maintenance of a station must be obtained, would prove
a serious drawback. It was recommended, however, that a final selec-
tion be deferred, should Congress direct the establishment of a station
in Tennessee, till further comparisons of the sites mentioned in the
report could be made. For the establishment of the station an item
of $12,000 was submitted.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 19
Towa, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming.—Reference is made in
the Commissioner’s preceding report to the investigations in these
States for the purpose of determining, as directed by Congress, the
advisability of establishing in them fish-cultural stations. The results
of these investigations were presented to Congress on January 24, 1894
(Mis. Doe. No. 53, Fifty-third Congress, second session). In this
report the following conclusion was submitted:
From a consideration of the foregoing results of the examinations in the States of
Wyoming, South Dakota, Iowa, and Nebraska, I would recommend the establishment
of but one station to supply the needs of South Dakota, Iowa, and Nebraska, Wyo-
ming to be cared for by the station now being established at Bozeman, Mont. If a
new station is authorized, either Manchester or Decorah, Iowa, should be selected.
Which to recommend, however, I am not ready to say, final selection being depend-
ent upon a careful consideration of the respective sites from an engineering stand-
point, the certainty of their being secured by the Government, their cost, the expense
of adapting the water supply, etc., questions which can not be determined in advance
of the actual authorization of a station.
In ease a station was authorized, an appropriation of $15,000 was
recommended.
PROTECTION OF FISH IN POTOMAC RIVER.
By act approved March 12, 1894, provisions of the act of March 2,
1885, entitled ‘An act to protect the fish in the Potomac River in the
District of Columbia, and to provide a spawning ground for shad and
herring in the said Potomac River,” were continued for a period of ten
years. Under this law, if properly enforced, reasonable hopes can be
entertained for still more appreciable results from the Commission’s
efforts in stocking this river with shad.
VISITS FROM OFFICIALS OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
During this year the offices were visited by a number of representa-
tives of foreign countries, detailed by their governments to the World’s
Columbian Exposition, Chicago, for the purpose of studying the fish-
eries and fish-cultural methods of the United States. Among these
may be mentioned Dr. Henri de Varigny, delegate of the minister of
commerce, Paris, France; Dr. Oscar Nordqvist, inspector of fisheries
of Finland, Helsingfors; Dr. Nicolas Borodine, Uralsk, Russia; Dr. L.
Wittmack, of Berlin, accompanied by Mr. Alfred Schillinger, of
Munich, president of the fish-cultural department of the Bavarian
State Fishery Association, in Sternberg, and Mr. Lewis Landau, of the
Hungarian ministry of agriculture; Dr. Ernst Ehrenbaum, of the
Royal Biological Station, Helgoland; Mr. Sakaye Sawatari, commis-
sioner of the Japanese Fisheries Society, and Mr. J. J. Armistead,
proprietor of the Solway fisheries, Dumfries, Scotland.
REPORT ON THE PROPAGATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF
FOOD-FISHES.
By TARLETON H. BEAN, Assistant in Charge.
y ,
The important features of the work of the division of fish culture
at the numerous stations are shown in the abstracts of the annual
reports of the superintendents. Certain experiments in the treatment
of eggs and fish are grouped in a chapter of notes on the habits, dis-
eases, fatalities, enemies, treatinent, transportation, etc., of the species
under observation.
The resources of the division were tested to their utmost by its
duties in connection with the World’s Columbian Exposition. It was
called upon to provide and maintain a great aquarium of marine as
well as fresh-water animals and plants, a hatchery for the eggs of shad,
pike, perch, salmon, trout, and other fishes, together with a general
exhibit of its methods and results, and, at the same time, to continue
its usual work of hatching and distribution to meet the increasing
demands of applicants in all parts of the United States.
The exhibit of the Fish Commission is: made the subject of a sepa-
rate report by its representative on the Government Board of Manage-
ment and Control, Dr. Tarleton H. Bean. During his absence from
Washington Mr. 8. G. Worth performed the duties of acting assistant,
serving from January 14, 1393, until February 20, 1894, when the
assignment to World’s Fair duty was completed.
Superintendent Page was detailed for special duty in the summer of
1893, to collect fishes from overflow ponds in the lowlands of St. Fran-
cis River, Arkansas, and has made a report upon the experimental
work of the season.
The duties of the Commission at the World’s Fair, combined with
the regular work of distribution, entailed much additional labor upon
the car and messenger service. The necessity of continuing the trans-
portation of many kinds of fish during almost the entire year makes
the natural difficulties of transportation very great.
A great burden was removed from the division near the close of 1893,
when the Commissioner ordered the discontinuance of the general dis-
tribution of gold fish to individuals after the close of that season.
20
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 21
STATION OPERATIONS.
The number of active stations was the same as during the last fiscal
year. The World’s Fair having been made a temporary base of opera-
tions, offset the closed landlocked salmon station on Grand Lake
Stream, Maine. 3,376 2
ISGoAS ES ODUOSSHO CAE ABn aba neerdbacdacUsanemabee MGHOL2: (G22 eeeee Ese seme| eee asec soe ae
A Ra en nie ter ey’ [ot Bee et Ene DUG 7a eae se aly TAO (ce eoeulee A ce
MOCHMMOVENILOUUss osc c sac sto gas oa Senco saeneer seigccicec ce TORO TS | eeeee see a hy 4:12} ae ese eee
Coates miele slats alo tani bib piabafatelaoaie aiele hiale cfeleieelselo mint fll a aie siete = 263))|-Edes2s-\eatee <2 90
PAPE AO eh ORE! poet as wae wail: 193,305 | 263| 7,584 | 3,376 92
26 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
The temperatures during the year were as follows:
Air. Water.
Month. =
Max Min Max Min
| |
oF, O10, oe OF oF,
DULY. cccecccccccccccsaonan s}aje/slalaio(niate <{alala\a/a/a\njs\e|a\a\s|a/6\s\s/\0/n\ele/o(sio1= [i= 95 60 76 67
JTS 2 Sos nt s5 3S ness sce sooo spdan boob ouSE atedosospoagssoSsessedeSs 98 59 78 63
SUSIE NGie cass ce pos eaO noo An necosoo se ae Soa ancEadenodacoosodeeacesssos 78 46 68 50
OWN Gs 565 Sandee coseosoo} ccoenosceneppbacanes-anAonscon Aspooossag=oS 70 39 66 47
INIOWGNN RP Sc Sen3 padepssneconcs ononooselooeph aopacconosobedsesoesboSe 55 12 48 34
INGUIN GE, Seas bcesss Se bose ee seas Ac ags acoso eaoodsoososobecoaddasae 40 | a8 38 334
AMORA oc Jeb oSb Ses ek nas odos the obedscoosgec ds cosocopocpeccHcanseckos 39 | a2 34 32
IETS AREN YZ 6 5055 Goose sbstnesao sons so 5 50o9S so cdosseadossesgascodagcqase 42 a 25 33 324
SN Tistearec tape ter eretereraraye ray cravat cto a ene et eiatnic etororaieieiay ate ois eeieletelsininteineter erste ere 60 28 36 33
ANT rill 5554 0ncccd0 snene 20Gb sopRU RDO nese coupsr Epo SendetosasdasasosaaRn0 74 25 514 34
MINT ceseaagodde sbeo soo con cgdecnb be spe coEudes Deeguondaossasa0g0cgg0s. 82 42 63 47
CUTLER Ereyate fe oreiete le iotarelomre loin ieee ie aieis)elolelnialaleleiesele ciaietetelalstete wleteleleletiei=ielfeloeiaie= 88 52 77 56
a Below zero.
GLOUCESTER STATION, MASSACHUSETTS (A. C. ADAMS, MASTER SCHOONER GRAMPUS,
IN CHARGE).
This station was in care of a custodian from July 1, being practically
closed until the arrival of Mr. Adams on October 9, 1893, at which time
the machinist and crew of the schooner Grampus were engaged in get-
ting the station in order for the season’s operations. Capt. A. C.
Adams resigned his position as master of the Grampus in order to
become fish-culturist and custodian of the Gloucester Station.
On November 16, instructions were received from the Commissioner
to begin work, and on that date three men were sent to Kittery Point,
Maine, to arrange for a supply of cod eggs. On the 18th of November
200,000 cod eggs were taken in Ipswich Bay, and 453,000 were received
from Kittery Point on the 20th. These began to hatch December 1,
with a mean water temperature of 42°. By the end of November
3,957,000 eggs were on hand.
The following table shows the number of cod eggs collected monthly
during the season, and the number of fry hatched therefrom and
liberated :
. | Number of
Number of |
Month. eggs col- fry Beeued
lected. atedl
IN OVEMNG OTH God) arelejatelsialaleletala(a(=nlelelalaiavotalelaintals(sta(c(elalaiaietelatelata]=telsimisiaialateraialststotatsistetate 3, 557, 000 1, 574, 000
December, 1893 8, 200, 000 3,109, 000
SADWAMY OOF eieainic ose n in 16, 421, 000 5, 697, 000
February, 1894 16, 126, 000 5, 300, 000
Miareha S94 ejacccses cic 18, 513, 000 | 8, 053, 000
PAST SSO 4 epee ats innayars 1, 302, 000 |
Jays 07 ee ON RM Met De ee ST 656, 000 eo
A snowstorm occurred on December 10, and by the 14th the tem-
perature fell from 42° to 35°, retarding the hatching of all eggs taken
previously. The water density also was from 24° to 24.5°, not enough
to allow the eggs to float after a few days’ development.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. ay
Shipments of cod eggs to the Woods Hole Station were as follows:
|
Date. Number. Method.
February 10...-...-- 22. 2-02 ce cee nee eee ee ene ee cee ne cnn een een enn n=- | 1,110,000 | By messenger.
LQ Se sec ae «steide we alelal-hefelw ise sii Bclela eleinismial= S/n nim cleicie @ olsieisini==ia 413,000 | By express.
BSE Ree eSbUe SOOOOdC GOUDO CDUDDOOUS CODE Sen. AO eo SC Doe nOny| 1, 159, 000 Do.
A eccinee ce ers eet telareeteldis alsislolalols'einls(nin|s\sisieimie& viel =ilwl= «(ea eeiell 695, OVO Do.
Dea cae aeeieleininelalaieleleieiels eieleieis)s|eiclele|s\etels(aie\e\e ial o!nicieln/wie[sia.s[s «j0)- 4 450, 000 Do.
TINE Sed Goth RMSE RBS AERP eam Samra se Sen Sec oot | 3, 827, 000
On April 16, 18,000 haddock fry were planted, and 1,500 on May 14.
Both haddock and cod eggs were taken March 21, and on April 7 the
two species hatched with a mean temperature of about 37° for the 17
hatching days.
The entire number of codfish eggs collected during the season was
64,775,000, and of these 24,617,000 were hatched and liberated.
The lobster work was begun May 3, when 20 egg lobsters were
secured, from which 274,000 eggs were taken and placed in McDonald
hatching jars. The whole number of egg lobsters obtained in May was
293, and these produced 3,757,000 eggs, of which 3,380,000 were hatched
and planted in the outer harbor off Gloucester.
On May 18, Mr. Adams was detailed to work under the direction of
Mr. Richard Rathbun, assistant in charge of the division of inquiry
respecting food-fishes, and the lobster work was continued with Mr.
W. P. Sauerhoff in charge.
The collections of egg lobsters in June amounted to 482, and yielded
6,530,000 eggs; from these, 5,953,000 young lobsters were liberated.
The whole number of egg lobsters purchased during the season to
July 1 was 775; whole number of eggs taken from these, 10,287,000;
whole number of lobsters hatched from these, 9,332,000; percentage
hatched, 90.7.
Woops Hote STATION, MASSACHUSETTS (JOHN MAXWELL, SUPERINTENDENT).
The fish-cultural work covered a period of eight months—from
November to the end of July.
Codfish.— Between February 9 and 20, 3,903,000 codfish eggs were
received from Kittery, Me., from which 1,254,000 fry were produced
and liberated in Vineyard Sound within twenty-four hours after hatch-
ing. The storage of brood cod was improved by placing live-boxes or
cars in the salt-water reservoir in the basement of the hatchery build-
ing, where exhaust steam from the pumps could be used if necessary to
heat the water in severe winter weather.
Flatfish—Between February 13 and March 26, 17 adult flatfish were
obtained by means of a fyke net set in Woods Hole Harbor. These
yielded 2,227,000 eggs, which produced 1,795,000 fry; and the latter
well deposited in Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. Both the cod
and flatfish were hatched in McDonald boxes and Chester jars, operated
by tide motion.
28 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Lobster.—The lobster-hatching season covered the months of April,
May, and June. From 4,026 egg lobsters 97,635,000 eggs were obtained,
but 14,500,000 of these were in bad condition when placed in the hatch-
ing apparatus, and were turned out in the harbor on the fourth day.
Hatching began June 18 with a water temperature of 644° F. From
the 83,135,000 good eggs, 69,066,000 fry were produced and liberated in
Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay from twelve to twenty-four hours
after hatching. The experiment of keeping lobster eggs in process of
hatching during the winter was again tried, with the following results:
Number Number
When stripped. ees of eggs pubes of days
“~~ "| produced. orate hatching.
December 1893 =H /<(: 2svises 2 sese-in a ae oo nee dec eee beceeeen ate ase eee eens 610
Massachusetts. osecc cia vanann sos cece eee |hooen se -eaeer lGeeerereeeeae= 260
Michigam@e-sccamceeceaacess -coscues sceceeeee 780
Minnesota 2222 a darec case oes Sec eae zeae 1, 000
Minnesota State Fish Commission 2,500
Applicants in Mississippi 806
Missouri 450
Montana 740
Nebraska 110
Carp—Continued.
Tench:
Goldji
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Details of distribution, 1893-94—C ontinued.
63
Disposition.
Adults and
yearlings.
Applicants in New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
New York State Fish Commission
Applicants in North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Tennessee
Doe River near Alleutown, Tenn
French Broad and Pigeon rivers in Jefferson County,
Tenn
Holston River near Rutledge, Tenn
Strawberry, Tenn
Rogersville, Tenn
Tennessee River near Knoxville, Tenn
London, Tenn
Chucky Creek near Erwin, Tenn
Big Limestone Creek near Limestone, Tenn..--...--..-.
Lick Creek near Mohawk, Tenn
Clinch River near Clinton, Tenn
Emory River near Harriman, Tenn
Obeys River near Lancing, Tenn
Red River near Cobert,Lex-2-.. s- eee e eee nee eee ne
Nahdeihiny coe Soe cco te scencos cecsondsoocwane
Golden tench:
Applicants in District of Columbia .......--..--.----.---
Win Gise sets ectorsoewels oaseee ee eeeeeine
Indiana 2s ss hh sete en Zane Foy) vk AD 9, 099
Dead Brook, tributary to Narramissic River in Hancock
CONDE pS ene ae re et een ae PR MEAN NEBR OS Piet MN Ureae £ad eter mene AEs Bed 18, 662
Little Dead Brook, tributary to Narramissic River in
Hancock County, PUT UNRNO NEN Ins ca sneen tas phend ce wet gO e/A ard Beta'§ AM) 5, 100
Green Lake in Hancock Count ys NIG teers Peat ete ee ccm eee eee oes s | eno toa eee 3, 908
Landlocked salinon:
CalepeGrimany Calais iMiee- ssc snes tos Stee es eee es DIOS |e ers See wee ie ee
Week Haynes, COP NS Che Wat: CARA Se rs a ee eee | DY ONO ease ewe e aon cess
66
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Details of distribution, 1898-94—Continued.
Disposition.
Landlocked salmon—Continued.
W.L. Gilbert, Plymouth, Mass.............---.-----.----
A. i. Adams, No. 115 State street, Boston, Mass-.-.-..--.
E. R. Hewett, Ringwood, N. J
Gardner Smaith, Ragged Lake, N. Y
Bisby Club, White Lake Corners, N. Y..------.----------
New York Fish Commission
Wilmurt Club, Buffalo, N. Y
Adirondack League Club, Old Forge, N. Y
Tuxedo Park Association, Tuxedo, N. Y
Applicants in United States of Colombia
Monocacy River near Frederick Junction, Md
Applicants in Connecticut
Eagle Lake near Bar Harbor, Me
Mourvh Lond near plaehills Mee sac] oeeceter cle eee ee |
Long Pond near South West Harbor, Me
Tributary of Duck Lake in Penebscot County, Me
Whites Pond near Penobscot, Me ........----------------
Big Tunk Waiters near Ellsworth, Me
Donnell Pond in Hancock County, Me. --.-.---.---.------
Great Pond near Waterville, Me
Parlin Pond in Somerset County, Me
Beech Hill Pond in Hancock County, Me
Giles Pond in Hancock County, Me....-.-.
Great Pond in Hancock County, Me
Great Pond near Waterville, Me
Funk Pond in Washington County, Me
Brewer Pond near South Brewer, Me
Blunt Pond in Hancock County, Me
Green Lake in Hancock County, Me
Toddy Pond in Hancock County, Me
Long Pond in Hancock County, Me....------.-----------
Flanders Pond in Hancock County, Me
Rocky Pond No. 2 in Hancock County, Me
Phillips Pond in Hancock County, Me
Branch Pond near East Dedham, Me..-..-.......----.---
China Lake near Waterville, Me
Cuniculocus Pond near Egypt, Me.......-..--------.----
Hatcase Pond in Hancock County, Me
Mountany Pond in Hancock County, Me
Great Brook in Hancock County, Me
Simmons Pond near Ellsworth, Me
Fish River Lakes in Aroostook County, Me
sero ES HAVE: tributary of Lake Champlain near Water-
ury, Vt
Indian Brook, tributary of Lake Champlain near Essex
Junction, Vt
Winooski River, tributary of Lake Champlain near Es-
sex Junction, Vt
Vermont Fish Commission
Steelhead trout:
Loe
California Fish Commission
Government of Japan
North Fork of Mad River near Korbel, Cal
h Leven trout:
California Fish Commission
Minnesota Fish Commission......-----
Government of Mexico
Orchard Lake, Oakland County, Mich
Zukey Lake near Hamburg Junction, Mich
Cold Creek near Tawas City, Mich
Upper Clear Creek near Idaho Springs, Colo
South Platte River near Dome Rock, Colo-..-.--.--.-.-.-----
Estabrook, Colo
Frying Pan Creek near Thomasville, Colo-.-..--..---.----
Ruedi, Colo
Eagle River near Berry’s Branch, Colo
East River near Almont, Colo
os Pinos River near Osier,(Colosee.s--.=2-4--5-—ee-ees=
Lake Creek near Idaho Springs, Colo
Lower Evergreen Lake near Leadville, Colo
Arkansas River near Boulevard, Colo
Applicantsyn Coloradozeesases-ssceeeeeee aes snes eee ee
Oaks Halliiakemear Butler sind eeseeeseserre rere ese e ee
Clear Lake near South Bend, Ind
Hartman Lake near South Bend, Ind.--...-..--.-.-..---.--
Floods Pond in Hancock County, Me....---..-...---------
Big Tunk Pond near Ellsworth, Me
Green Lake in Hancock County, Me
Simmons Pond near Ellsworth, Me
Branch Pond near East Dedham, Me
Adults and
yearlings.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 67
Details of distribution, 1893-94—Continued.
Saeco SE TIN et AY a
Disposition. Eggs Fry jou
Loch Leven trout—Continued.
Beitmen Crealcnesr Eraverse City Mich: «<
HiohGakemearZAlbion; dindeeaep cease oa ee ce emo eee eee eee eee 500j000) eeeenseeeee
Pretty wake mncar be lymoubbs in decsena-saseeacmeasie ce aac) erence eee meee 1000. COON See ease ee
MaxinisackeeWakemear Marmont lan dees: ssscesse seme men seo ee eae 25000" O00Kesseeeereeee
Etwinklalkesmear ely onuh) Sinha. on emiane seas en neree pee eree iene THOOOMOOO | see ter eee
lakeor theawoodsmearelymouth inde acesce seeeee setae esee ee eee cee TAOOOR COD Rae eeeenes
BluerhivermeardMill Gowaneln den see yee seem eee | eee et eee ts ANS OW kee eee sec:
Moneikakemesnlaacran ge, Mind). 2 sesso menses cece eeeee Leee een eee oes 500:000) |-.2t-2#222--
Dallastvakemcariacrange; md loses. sseceen=eecemece sce |teoeeene ee ener 500/000) |S2-2-e. ease
Atwoodsualke near luacran ge: Minden. sens acco ese ee eee Eee eeeeee eee GAO) O00) esos cenn= =
“Asp plican tsamyin dian es bake ae ees ae eee oe ae celal ee ee re 200000sieoseeeeeeees
NaliMiver nearohepherdswvilllen Keysee secon seme eee = ae | eee aera S86 50008| eee eee
Green Rivermear Bowls Green Ukiy oe eoeee eee e ee aes tee eee E6672,000)| Se2eenee eae
‘Barrenvhivienmean Minn ford svall 6. haygeeeme ep eee seceesces eee eee eee 64.7) O00 Peewee aeaeer
Ap plicantssmaKieniti Clk yer sacc oem cee See ee cee eae oe a eee een LOORO0O Eseeceereeee
Pike Wualcemnear Dualath; Waiimiccsce eae core eee cee on Rene eae ee 2 500K000 naa neers
ake) Vermilion ne aril ower, Wimmer ee eine ete aie een aaa a OUOMOOOMeMeeresteeesce
Harper LakemeariCenter ViallageniNe Wome see tese coeene alee ee aie eae HOOSOOON Sacre oe me
Owasco Eakemear Amib urn Ne YS oe | See ms DOOKO0O S| Pe seee ean
Carnuigandvalxemaear eA nab warm, INj pV ese ae eerie | gma ep ene ee S005 O00n sa eee eee es
New York State Fish Commission ...............-------- 55000) O00) rans 100
ANT HuEH NS T6N, ON a Sogac oot seccddan somo poo ns esasopondou)bossocnenccbod|sarctcrnasecss 1, 425
OhGyXqas Sep ae Seas poses bomaucoTACTEUSoOueSH |doobobec nome sd bodapacedece se 50
‘Beaver River near beaver alls, Pai. ssc ce cee cen cen soe cent seaceee cee cos |p eserere ceemee 200
ocalicreek:near Bedford; Paros se aaae nn eee sme ene see een aeons ea eae eeicemaneeamtsers 100
Sinnemahomine Creek neariwanter burn ease ecemeneen ae peter eee eer peeeeeeaeeeeee 300
Wake near Vardloys Pan. sc22ssecececenmescca sn scee eee a eect ae omen eee ee ceeeiee 50
A‘pplicantssim-Pennsylvaniat cscs ss se emcee cose soa titee ee eat | soeisiemie meio 130
Seneca River near Seneca nC eee cw ewes eee ae Sea el | eee eee eee ieee |e eet eee eree 100
iBroaduiver near AUStOM, GeO yea eye eet Se ae ee ee ee ae eer | eer ate omnes 30
OcalleRivermearParksvilles enn’ acct cece ces e cee eee oe ece ete oe ema eeeaiee eee 100
Makenwala wood! near ClovelandseRenmscne camer eee oe eee een ne eer are | ere rye ane ere 100
Clinch River meariClinton,ennesssa-2 see ecacn ce see eee ne eee erate eee net seeeeeceeer ner 386
nmory River near Harriman Lenn. ss--c oneness cence sete cence ene eee | poe eeeeeeiee 200
ObedtRivernearancines Mennsaas. ces cee e sees cee eee tee eee Seen | baeememmeemere 100
New River and tributaries near Helenwood, Tenn--.-....|------......--]-------------- 400
Piceon River nearsknoxvilloVenmeseeeeeeeceesees ce eeen cere e sree ener pe eeee eee 100
Duck River nearzWartrace;Loentisacs mses cose nec e sane eco ce eee Eee eee reer 50
Applicantssins Tennessee sce nese eee mes cere eee eee lols ee eee neice eee 170
MoutneysuakemeanGainesvalle Wex ia eee paren aes ees ee see seen ocean eeeeme 15
Chesley:Tank meariCisco Wexl 2 ove se sac be cake te ee ce eelencce ee eeeee el eeee ee meneeae 50
iPalorDowra Creek near sAmanrillonMoexccseeeere cee eee soe ee | ceeeee ce eee mae | eeeeaeentasie 50
‘alia 'CreekinearvAmarillo exc) sa. 25-52 epee ces ee eeeelleeane eee ceca seme ciee meets 50
Ronnin sy awater:CreelemearrAmarillon Mex: oe pecs se see eee eee eee ete einen aeleterete 30
ATIStinuRod,andsGuntOlubyeAUstineg wl extaaneeasee se nee seeeee rene eeee | setae ere 100
Applicants inYDexas\celssacc cess = semmic sale sea ciee Se enieine | cece seieseiei ine! tceistslerssin seiner 587
Clinch¢Rivermear DazeywellViaiscces sme essene ee eee eee acces ce ee am eerste 200
RAVvaNn a Rivier near EC roiiieVias asses sce eee ee eee eet eeee pe ce eee eee eel eee 200
Falling River and Seneca Creek near Lynchburg, Va-....|--------------|----------.-.- 100
Jackson River mear( Cedar Creek mViae sqm see see cette eee ee esata eee eset stars 100
Cowpasture River near Millboro, Va.......--.----- Besta ESOC Here BrSs5| (quecedadsaenss 100
Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, Va.--.------.|.-------------|-------------- 199
SouwthvAnne River near Ashland. mVialeseceseeeetee ee cee es seer neeeeee ee | paeeseneeeeea 100
JN ober ane ahah hs see scopea noo SUnoceaEo soa oNoOsad bose coasdcondloccousednbosan 480
Shepherd dake mear|Cheney, Wash sseemect esse sree eee eeee eee eee ae Serco eee eeerras 50
ClearwwakemeaniCheney-~ Wash cecce cet nese ere rece eee oe a See eee Bae eee 50
Gakemear HamiltonsiwWiash ss sane c2 nan eee ae see ee eee een eet ee ee en | eee eaters 150
bakeieaddenmear Wairhaven, Wiashiesseae seen cen cece pee ee neers Eee eeeeeeeree 125
Applicants in Washington.....- Be sae ee a Peete tee alm acocagancana 175
Cheat River near Morcantown, We iViaeeee -eoeaees cece eee teem eee ateae eee ee aaeee 149
Gauley River near Camden on Gauley, W. Va-----------|------+-2-----|-------------- 1, 000
‘Applicants in Wiest Wireiniaess 2 22226 525. nc sence ol base sone eee Meee eee eeeees 50
Gibbon River in Yellowstone National Park, Wyo.....--|-------.------|--«----------- 250
ROCK IOUSSit sp == A TRY ESTP ar oth 5 a ig a at | ee eae tere
Oxford Lake rearcAmmiston, Ala. -kcemscccc co ce seecnind pee enor cere | aeeeeenee eae 100
Ap plicantsineAlabama ses eeereeeeerer ee eneen ote aoe nee 150
Arkansas... 1, 100
/
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 15
Details of distribution, 1893-94—Continued.
es ana Adults and
Disposition. Eggs. Fry yearlings.
Rock bass—Continued.
Applicants in Delaware. .....-..------------0+----- cress efecetee secretes |eceee serene 500
GeO gia: sence seen em = ema ce ee eae emnia | ianni= = elaine momen aisle 725
Georgia Fish Commission ....-----------+---++-----22ere-|rer ee eer enn |ine ess eros 600
Applicata implllim ols eecemerte saan a= eam ctel tos =I] erie eo aa Tala 30
Indian Territory .--------------------------|s2+------2er ct [ener ener tees 1, 000
TCE eae Baee ee SCD BORE SCOR SeBeEnceaoa lace hecse 0 Un oaG Sc UOCmeCaEor rp 800
Lake Reba near Richmond, Ky..----------------+-------[+--- 22 - errr efern rts e ree 500
Patuxent River near Laurel, Md..-.---.-----------------|------ +--+ 22 -e|-re rrr 1, 000
Applicants in Maryland.....----------+-----s00-<--2-++---[ors2e2 2-2 rrree|eccs eters 200
IN EIST IGIoe Oo Bee one cece tease ea noasooe aneced lescppSboreean6|ansoDachpcSS0r 640
Mississippi. ...--------------sse---- 220s eos ee 222-22 oe le pkocesosacad 600
BNislinrag pee ee eieetae c Saronic cata ccc sisaia|cecerecietarialvst='« [spremens: Fem ers 9) 300
Northi@arolinanemenerce neces ors sae se oe cer ereet-ttotatetai (= esateeee ase es 2, 975
(OO) Eat hon obasGe soasosde secede conchacesoa See poccoootcr [en see cence 100
Pennsylvania..-.-------------------- +022 + [e222 eee eee Haemost a aelseter 400
Allegheny River near Warren, Pa----.------------------- |esepseecsboaod padboetteos tos 500
Susquehanna River near Williamsport, Pa-..------------- Web SasHoueeaee bassoqcotoscds 1, 000
Sinnemahoming River near Clearfield, Pa ..----.---------|+-------+++20+ pert er ttre | 300
Applicants in South Carolina...--.--------++--++++20--2-[es- torre sisters | 900
Tarra Blanco Creek near Amarillo, Tex .-...-------------|------- +--+ 222)-222 cre c rrr 200
Applicants in Texas......--.---+----+--++-----2- 222 ceee eee Shae eee eet Soe eee eee 600
State Capitol Ponds, Nashville, Tenn ....--.-------------)-----------+2+)----rercerree: 200
Applicants iniVirginia - +. ~~~ -.2---- ~~. 222-22 - ose n ee enn| ena nnn neces aca 2, 661
Cove Creek near Wytheville, Va.---..-----------------+-|----0- 2-22-22 )eer reer c tre 300
Applicants in Tennessee .....-------- -----22----3 22-022 ee[2en erence ene fecree ct ctee ee: 600
Warmouth bass:
Applicants in Tllinois ......------------- +--+ +--+ 2 eee e ee e|een sete aeeecernsacer 100
Fox River near St. Charles, Ill...---..-.----.-------------|------ 2-202 ec |store tres 50
Pine Lake near Laporte, Ind .-..-.....-----.--------------|--------20 2c e[ee rrr nee 525
Long Lake near Miller, Ind ........--.--------=-------22e)e----2 72220 -20[o-eee sien cso e- 75
Applicants in Indiana.......------------2----22-2 22222222 |ner =o nee e|nen nonce ens 50
Cedar River near Cedar Rapids, Iowa ....-.--------------|---------++----|-----20277777° 50
Upper Iowa River near Decorah, Lowa .-.----.-----------|--------2+22--)reet ert t rte 104
Otter Creek near Oelwein, Iowa .----.---------------+--2-|--- 222 eee tani eee e eee ee 150
Twin Lakes near Rockwell City, lowa ...-.-.------------)------- +--+ -- [22222 e cre 100
Storm Lake near Storm Lake, lowa .......---------------|------+------+-|-+--+----- aSee 150
Maquoketa River near Manchester, Iowa ...-.-----------)----------5-0+|s200 rrr errr 75
Lake View near Lawrence, Kans..--.--...-----------------|----------2---|---- 7-2-0777 100
Mud River near Russellville, Ky .--.-..------------------|---------++--+-|--2 eer 220 - 75
Lake Dlough near Kuttawa, Ky.....---------------------|+-------- 22 2-|ooeo reer nee 69
Applicants in Kentucky ......-------------- +222 ---------|ee- 22-7 o nee ene |ner neers renee 75
Patuxent River near Laurel, Md .......-.-.--------------|------ 2-22-22 2¢|---- 20-27 -°-7- 90
Applicants in Massachusetts.-------------------------+--|------ 22-02 22-[err terre tern 38
DN ne eae a seas arose Ge RoR pon Ser DEoCE EOS ESEn Oa bacon daesaroece poosersacsmse 50
GES OS) pace co cosboont SgHE EEE GSEEBOCBOBSIE: bed mecearosanac sc bovepaenocents 235
Crappie:
Fox River near St. Charles, Ill .....-.--.-----------------|+----- 2-200 2-|[en cree eres 217
I eghd ONE Gosaseke -BeocrEcere-aoSce Ubee eel |oseeaaaa=sor od |saccomonodiscr 145
(Giana, JOU Ane bp adeceboacuenercedond Hib ysssapnccc eHinbdaccengsecac 40
Lake Sibley near Sibley, Ill ....--....--------------------|------=-0-----|------ 2200200" 81
Kishwaukee River near Belvidere, Ill.....-..--.---------|--------------|----------2-°- 40
Applicants in Illinois .........----------------- 222-22 - 2 |= 22 ence ee ee elec e ee ecceeeee 483
Pine Lake near Laporte, Ind..--...--..--...--------------|-------++---+---|----22-2c222-- 2,350
Applicants in Indiana...........---------------- +--+ +22 +|-2 222 eee leer ec eee eeeeee 375
Storm Lake near Storm Lake, Iowa --.---.----------------|------------+-|--22-20ercre: 150
Otter Creek near Oelwein, Ilowa.-..-.---------------------|------- eee eee e tener cece: 175
Badger River near Fayette, lowa.-....--.-----------+----|---+---++---2-|---- 222222222 50
Upper Iowa River near Decorah, Iowa...-.------------+-|----+--++-----|---20 rec treet 275
Cedar River near Cedar Rapids, Iowa.-.-....-..-.---------|-------+------ ae eae paricy 400
Towa River near Chester, Iowa..-.-----.-------------------|------------2- BaSseccuneoc ae 25
Lyons Creek near Junction City, Kans-..--...-------------|-------------- es a ees coe ees 25
Applicants in Kansas....-.----------- +202 +222 eee eee ee ee e| eee eee eee e nla n eter eee e ree 474
Nolin River near Hodgenville, Ky.------.---------------|------+-2--+--|--2+- 22222202 150
Clarkston Lake near Elizabethtown, Ky-.-.----.---------|-------------- ie sie eee care 100
Billvs Creek near Elizabethtown, Ky....----------------|---++--++22---|s-ee2tececr eee 75
Big Clifty Creek near Clifty, Ky---.-.--------------------|----+--------2)--2 222 errr tree 75
Caney Creek near Spring Creek Station, Ky-.-.----------|------------+-|-------+00777- 75
Mud River near Russellville, Ky--.---.-------------------|--------------|--2ee eee cereee 100
Pond River near Bakersport, Ky-------------------------|-------------- |Sanetesecasee 75
Drake Creek near Hortonville, Ky.--...--.------- ..------|-------------- Weeeceassesces 75
Tradewater River near Dawson, Ky...-.----------------|---:-----+-----|---00 020 0rtt > 50
Lake Dlough near Kuttawa, Ky--.-.-.--.----------------|-------------- si toa ee 25
Muddy Fork near Kuttawa, Ky..-......---------------+-|-----+-+ 2-00 22e)eeeeee etree 75
Little River near Cerulean Springs, Ky ------------------|--------------|---+----20--7- 75
Otter Creek near Cerulean Springs, Ky ------------------|--------------)----25--2000> 100
Reservoir near Winchester, Ky --------------------------|---------+---- [Beer seescenio 15
Mnddilabonon Key ceeree sense cess aanem mea semen ee aia | mmm imine 25
Kinney Creek, near Vanceburg, Ky...-.------------------|------22 22-222 -[eere errr 25
South Licking near River Cynthiana, Ky ..-.-.----------|--------------/----0 007-0707 25
WAvplicanbsi in Wen bucky cess ees > sass ene == ann nae cence na 400
Take View near Nevada, Mol..2.2.<-...----- --2------2--|- 2-2-5 oe n ene [= =n enema 6
Aqplicants im MAISSOULL seececsimecoce te mea = aa === -nlewiml emia == mom not 300
Crappie—Continued.
\
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Details of distribution, 1895-94—Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Adults and
PAND DEC amis) AN © wap N4OT ee rerate eine lets eestor ers 3
Johnson Creek near county line, N. Y.-.-----.-----------
Applicants in Ohio. -
Codorus Creek near Brodbecks, Pa.--------.--+--.-------
#rench Creek near Phoenixville, Pa.---------------.-----
Moutney Lake near Gainesville, Tex-.-...-..--..---.----
JAgoy A UKee Hel NSN hol AWE CHS) See copeomederenseoser ppospeesooncoone
Jackson River near Cedar Creek, Va---------------------
Sunjish:
Lime Creek near Mason City, Towa-.----------------------
Bishop wsakes SHoldouy LOW a aces asec sees ma ears
PinevwUuAkKe NEAL WapOLte, WG ejecta ale ails a mmminiemias are
Cod
Vineyard Sound off the Massachusetts coast...----------|--
Massachusetts Bay off Gloucester Harbor, Mass-.---.----
Haddock:
Massachusetts Bay off Gloucester Harbor, Mass. --.-.-----
Platfish:
Vineyard Sound off the Massachusetts coast-------------|--
Lobster:
Vineyard Sound off the Massachusetts coast. ---.---.----|--
Massachusetts Bay oft Gloucester Harbor, Mass. --.-.----)
Applicants in Ohio. -
24, 123, 000
a, yearlings.
Bem lefarelseeeryer a) 100
Sticboaspoceaae 50
pact geaeddae 40
SLRs Scenes 17
$ae0s8 0p boosoe 50
Sdosesoecesecs 20
Bopeenanccdags 515
Sogo GaS aR AeIOS 50
PO SCODEeHtDeae 50
soesin. SaoSeooC 50
Sosneto sascoor 20
go soracapanane 50
1), 254, 000) |---- == oe
Oye GIPE NOU | Wonsooosooce
170s ON eaaeose sean
69H 06610001 eee se ceaeee
ON332" 000ml meena
424,320,500 | 1, 867, 048
Résumé by States and Territories of the distribution and assignment of fish and fish eqqs.
State or Territory.
Species.
Adults and
Fry. :
y yearlings.
PMN aM, se sae kcecce eee see
PATICANSASS Sakae meccee cee
Cifornigeesccetae-se5se 2c ee eee eee eer oree eee 6, 172
(BYOOKMrOUb IH EY Societe n ase | ee eee ee 13, 000 16, 200
ihakerbronibeaesac= sss ca-eeee cee ee tee eee 769, 500 8, 968
SWilii toh slives ser che eas oe ee | eee 15404080008 -2eeeeee rere
WOT NG EOUD saccsaseaaesasasces Of hy Ae eee Rem aree OFT) VP Ohare MOEN Penns tat Tes 3, 500
Goldfish’
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 89
St. Clair to H. F. Moore, B. L. Hardin, and Cloud. Rutter; Lake Huron
to J.T. Seovell and D. C. Ridgely, of Indiana; Lake Superior and Lake
of the Woods to A. J. Woolman, of Duluth, Minn. Work was begun
on Lakes Ontario, Erie, and Huron early in June, Mr. Rathbun also
spending some time with the party on Lake Erie during that month,
and taking the field for the season just before the close of the fiscal
year.
OYSTER INQUIRIES.
MOBILE BAY AND MISSISSIPPI SOUND, ALABAMA.
During February and March, 1894, a survey of the oyster beds of
Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound, Alabama, was made by Mr. Homer
P. Ritter, assistant, United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, who
had been specially detailed for that purpose, and who was assisted by
Mr. W. I. Hill, of the Fish Commission, and Mate James A. Smith,
U. S. N., of the steamer Fish Hawk. A small steamer, suitably
equipped, belonging at Mobile, was employed for the use of the party.
The limited time available for the inquiry prevented its being made as
exhaustive as will eventually be desirable, but the work was executed
in a methodical and thoroughly reliable manner, and, within the limits
of the bay, is supposed to have been sufficiently comprehensive in scope
to meet the present requirements of oyster fishermen of the region.
The principal object of the investigation, as stated in the instrue-
tions, was to determine the positions, outlines, characteristics, and
richness of the different oyster beds, and the location and extent of all
areas of bottom which appear to be suitable for oyster-planting, either
in their natural condition or after preparation. During the period
when the survey was in progress extensive freshets prevailed in the
neighboring region, causing the bay to become nearly filled with fresh
water, which extended far out into Mississippi Sound. The densities
were therefore again observed by Mr. Ritter in the following Decem-
ber, when more normal conditions were found to exist. In his report,!
which is accompanied by a large chart, showing graphically the results
accomplished, Mr. Ritter states:
The investigations were confined principally to the waters of Mobile Bay and the
eastern end of Mississippi Sound. The location and extent of the natural oyster
beds are shown, as is also the density of the water in the different parts of the bay,
showing what it was during a heavy freshet and also after the succeeding protracted
drought. The depth of water and nature of the bottom are also indicated wherever
examined, * * * From the most reliable information we could gather, and which
is borne out by our investigations, the northern limit for oyster growth in Mobile
Bay is a line extending from Fowl River on the west to Great Point Clear on the
east. The location of the oyster beds as shown on the chart indicates that in the bay
the greater part of the natural oyster beds lies between the 6-foot and 12-foot curves.
Irom all the information we could obtain the local impression seems to be that few
if any oyster beds exist beyond the 12-foot curve.
'Report on a Reconnoissance of the Oyster Beds of Mobile Bay and Mississippi
Sound. Alabama, by Homer P. Ritter, assistant, U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey,
Bull. U. 8. Fish Com., xv, for 1895, pp. 325-339, pls. 56-63.
*
90 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
The total acreage of the reefs surveyed on the east side of the bay
was less than 500 acres, but the oysters are generally large and of fine
quality. The known reefs are few, of small size, and considerably
depleted, owing doubtless to excessive fishing. Oyster planting is
carried on to quite an extent in the southeastern part of this side of the
bay, especially in and around the mouth of Bon Secours River and in
Oyster Bay. The natural oyster-grounds are more extensive on the west
side of the bay, the beds are larger, and at present are in a more flourish-
ing condition. They seem to lie more in the pathway of the fresh waters
coming from the large tributaries at the head of the bay, which may
produce a more abundant supply of food, although at times these fresh
waters may be a source of danger if too long continued. The total area
of natural reefs surveyed on this side of the bay was 2,245 acres.
Only a few days could be given to the examination of Mississippi
Sound, which for a distance of 15 miles east and west belongs within
the State of Alabama, and detailed observations were, therefore,
impossible. This territory merits further attention at an early date,
its advantages for oyster cultivation suggesting the utility of a careful
investigation. The water area embraced within the State, north of a
line extending due west from the western end of Grant Pass, is
roughly estimated at 35,000 acres, two-thirds of which has less than 6
feet of depth, and the remaining one-third averaging less than 9 feet.
That much of that area may be considered suitable for oyster cultiva-
tion is borne out by the circumstances that oysters are growing in all
parts of it. There may also be added to it no less than 10,000 acres of
marsh, which if the occasion should demand might with a comparatively
slight outlay for dredging be changed into canals or basins for oyster
purposes. Little is known of the southern part of the sound, in which
the water is of greater depth.
BEAUFORT, N. C.
During the late spring and early summer of 1894 observations and
experiments relating to the oyster were carried on at Beaufort, N. C.,
by Mr. C. P. Sigerfoos, of Johns Hopkins University, under the
immediate direction of Dr. W. K. Brooks. The plan contemplated the
utilization of a tract of tide-water marsh land on the Government
reservation at Fort Macon, by the damming of one of the creeks flowing
through it, in order to control the supply of water as desired and to test
its nutrient value to the oyster. Unfortunately these arrangements
could not be perfected, owing to the lateness of the season when the
work began, but other experiments respecting the feeding of the species
were conducted on a smaller scale and with significant results.
Although a complete report upon the investigation has not yet been
submitted, it may be said that noteworthy progress was made in the
attempt to rear oysters from the egg, a subjeet to which Dr. Brooks
has given much attention, but not to the extent of entirely overcoming
the difficulties previously existing in that respect. In connection with
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. ot
all former experiments it had been impossible to discover any food
suited to the larval oysters, or any means of renewing the water with-
out Josing the latter, owing to their small size, and they soon ceased to
grow, dying of starvation. Mr. Sigerfoos was successful in devising a
partially satisfactory method for replenishing the water and in finding
that the young will feed voraciously upon a certain kind of alga after
it has been finely powdered in a mortar. Under this treatment they
grew rapidly for some time and large quantities were carried in good
health past the stage where the former experiments met with failure,
but after a while the remains of the powdered alge, which were so
minute that no way of getting rid of them could be found, caused the
water to become vitiated with the inevitable result of destroying the
larvee. It is intended to continue these studies at a future time. A
good series of the young attached oysters of all stages from one hour
up to maturity were obtained and preserved for examination.
Mr. Sigerfoos also began upon a study of the shipworm (which is
quite abundant in this region) from both a scientific and practical
standpoint, securing material for a complete life-history of three species.
It is expected that important results will be obtained, suggestive of
more effective methods of protecting submerged timber against its
inroads than are now recognized. 18, 376
| |
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 125
The alewife fishery—Among the river fishes of the New Hugland
States the alewives rank next to the smelt in importance, although in
all the New England States except Maine and New Hampshire the
alewife catch exceeds in value that of the smelt. The fishery is most
extensive in Massachusetts, where nearly half the quantity and more
than half the value of the yield are obtained. In Maine and Rhode
Island the fishery is of similar extent, the former State having a some-
what larger catch and the latter a greater value.
Most of the alewife fishing is done in the rivers or the waters adjoin-
ing the river mouths. In Maine the principal alewife grounds are the
Machias, Penobscot, Damariscotta, Kennebec, and Sheepscot rivers.
In New Hampshire fishing is done in the Piscataqua River. The fish-
ery in Massachusetts is most extensive in Cape Cod Bay, on Marthas
Vineyard, and in the Bass, Essex, Rowley, Aganan, Taunton, Matta-
poisett, and Acushnet rivers. The catch in Rhode Island is made in
Narragansett Bay, and in Connecticut the Connecticut River is the
only important fishing-ground.
In 1892 the number of persons in New England engaging in the cap-
ture of alewives was 571. Of these, 318 were in Massachusetts and 179
in Maine. The apparatus employed consisted of 112 seines, 203 gill
nets, 60 pound nets and weirs, and 151 dip nets. These, with the 258
boats used, had a value of $17,686. The total catch of alewives
amounted to 7,847,928 pounds, with a value of $100,364, of which
1,313,977 pounds, valued at $19,826, were incidentally taken in appa-
ratus set primarily for other fish—salmon weirs in Maine and pound nets
employed in general shore fishing in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and
Connecticut. The output in Massachusetts was over 3,650,000 pounds,
for which the fishermen received $58,516. The principal part of the
eatch in Maine and New Hampshire was taken in weirs, in Massachusetts
and Rhode Island seines took the largest quantities, while in Connect-
icut the most prominent apparatus was the gill net, which also took
considerable quantities in Maine. More than one-third the aggregate
yield was caught with seines, and almost as much with pound nets and
weirs.
The herring fishery.—The taking of the sea herring is one of the most
important fisheries of New England, because of its actual value and
of the extensive industries dependent on it. The value of the herring
fishery is exceeded only by that of such prominent fisheries as the
whale, cod, mackerel, haddock, halibut, oyster, clam, and lobster; and,
if the closely related business of canning and smoking herring is
considered, the herring becomes more important than any other New
England fishery product except cod.
The herring is taken chiefly in Maine and Massachusetts, although
its range embraces the entire New England coast. By far the largest
fishery is in Maine, where there are more herring fishermen, more
capital invested in the fishery, and more fish taken than in all the other
States combined. In Massachusetts, however, the fishery is important.
126 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
The bulk of the catch in Maine is consumed in the preparation of
sardines and in smoking; while in Massachusetts more herring are
used for bait in the line fisheries than for any other purpose.
In 1892 the number of persons engaged in fishing for herring in this
region was 1,995; of these, 1,409 were in Maine. The capital invested
in vessels, boats, and apparatus that were used in the capture of her-
ring was $364,840; of this sum, $197,420 is to be credited to Maine,
and $164,687 to Massachusetts. The aggregate catch of herring was
53,064,929 pounds of fresh fish; this was valued at $386,871 as it left
the hands of the fishermen in a fresh, pickled, or smoked state.
Weirs, pound nets, gill nets, and seines take large quantities of
herring, but brush weirs secure the major part of the catch. In Maine,
these latter are to be eredited with fully three-fourths of the herring
yield, and in the entire region they took nearly three-fifths of the
ageregate catch. Gill nets rank next to weirs and pounds in the quan-
tity of their yield; they are especially important in Maine, where about
seven-ninths of the herring thus secured are obtained. Seines take less
than half the fish caught with gill nets, and are more prominent in
Massachusetts than in Maine. On parts of the Massachusetts coast,
the use of dip nets and torches in the capture of herring is rather a
prominent feature of the fisheries, but in other States this primitive
method is now of no importance.
Comparing the results of the herring fishery with previous years for
which complete data are available, it appears that in 1892 the total out-
put was nearly double that in 1880, and was considerably larger than in
1887, 1888, or 1889. In Maine the catch in 1892 was nearly twice that
in 1880, and in Massachusetts the increase was comparatively almost as
large. The yield in both Maine and Massachusetts in 1892 was larger
than in any other year for which data are available. The following
table shows, by States, the quantity and value of herring caught in
each of the years named, the weights representing the fish as taken
from the water:
Table showing for a series of years the catch of herring in the New England States.
1880.
| 1887. 1888.
States. |— — SS - -
| Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.
—— eee eas
Maine ....-.----------.------.---.| 21, 455, 192 | $122,596 | 32,134,005 | $200,615 | 39, 018, 007 | $239, 949
New Hampshire ss-- =. ——— = =
Pounds. | Value. Pounds. Value. | Pounds. | Value.
|
WIGHT! abs ade aS See eae seae 14, 234, 182 | $268, 739 | 22,916, 642 | $512, 044 | 21,694,731 | $515, 880
New eampshineio- -.2- ce ese 250, 000 7, 500 142, 824 6, 268 136, 350 6, 256
MassaeChuSetts:< cece escciscs cemeine 4, 315, 416 158, 229 ORO OMO 156,204 | 3,743,475 172, 936
hod eybsland! 2: s=-c- seem eee aoe 423, 250 15, 871 570, 039 27,128 588, 500 28, 047
Conmecticmb so a- ccc cecceeece sien 723,885 | 27,145 | 1,487,020 82,594 | 1,477, 226 85, 723
Motaleessae Epotatai=(areteiatm teteperetinn= 19, 946, 733 | 477, 484 | 28, 627, 600 784, 238 | 27, 640, 282 808, 842
| e
1889. 1892.
States. = = =| =
Pounds. Value. | Pounds. Value.
MoM Ois eee ceca - nists oman cre ee etieaaeeie ce cee ee nee 25,001,351 | $574,165 | 17,642,677 | $663, 043
INeweHampshines:fsch-en,-eececaeewectees se ese cence ee UB rts) 6,415 | 196, 350 11, 790
SSACHUSELLSe A ches cen onees see coe ae eee Denn eee 3, 353, 787 | 148,492 | 3,182, 270 205, 638
MOM eAUSlaAn ikaw sec cc sce ee cidcissioes cetera cee sae ee cae emae 456, 000 21, 565 | 774, 100 53, 762
Connecticut ecsaeces cae we ss cewek cosecomeenceteccseaes 1, 501, 290 83,099 | 1,614, 530 101, 358
Ro ballsteek oe sae ecisecee ace ee eeE he pee eae area 30, 449, 603 | 833,736 | 23,409, 927 | 1,035, 591
The whale jishery.—The whale fishery continues to be one of the most
important branches of the New England fisheries, although its impor-
tance is much less than formerly, owing to the scarcity of whales, the
withdrawal of vessels from the business, and the transfer of interests
to the Pacific Coast, where the conditions for carrying on the fishery
are better. New Bedford, which in 1880 had 123 vessels engaged in
whaling, in 1892 had a fleet of only 41 vessels, 17 of which made their
headquarters at San Francisco. The other 11 vessels, comprising the
New England whaling fleet in the latter year, hailed from Provincetown,
Boston, Edgartown, and New London. The value of the vessels and
their outfits was $700,700, and the tonnage of the fleet was 9,537.60 net.
The crews numbered 1,409. The following table shows the rigs repre-
sented and the grounds resorted to by the vessels of each port.
~ .'The yield of the whale fishery consisted of 211,235 gallons of whale
es
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 133
oil valued at $88,712, 440,159 gallons of sperm oil valued at $294,931,
120,150 pounds of bone valued at $585,347 and 20 pounds of ambergris
valued at $5,277. The aggregate value of the fishery products was
$974,267, of which $656,072 represented the results of the fishery ear.
ried on by New Bedford vessels rendezvousing at San Francisco and
fishing in the North Pacific and Arctic oceans; their catch was made
up of whale oil worth $67,778, sperm oil worth $37,044, and whalebone
worth $551,250. The aggregate gross stocks of the vessels fishing
from the different ports are shown in the summary.
Summary of the New England whaling fleet in 1892.
Number of vessels of | Number ef vessels on |
each rig. each fishing-ground. |
| | es | 2 Sls Gross
eye | ‘ ha ae o | re
Hailing ports. 54 D Seeeh a ESS eau hice saul lips value
d | | }e |. dsalad] a | 4 of
a). | 5 eee iE bree t= | eatch.
g 3 sell tat local ee qrcuedill Snore i (eet
Si test re ep reall et peated (EAS) || eyed Wich | ts
oa |H# = ay | — | 2 Sie |} ) 3 Pe)
SIPS IESE TAR alt | Se Se aa |S) |
NiA|wBIA|n) A GA aS sel tat ||
us = woes aaa | =
New Bedford: | | | | | | [Pe
PAU ON Gry 1s CCL OTO LG <:a)s)ain/a/<(ala\=)a/sle\steie)sieimt=l= foses| Ho al esse wer CLE | ho soee 23) ees eke 24 SOG8 S60
At San Francisco. Zr era tases) al ileesoy le 14) 1 OD Nwae ele | Bbos0ne
Provincetown ..---.- Breeton es ALS] az 8 | EOS [ie Sil oie eA ole alll ONT OF
Dene KOA See Seana se ssasonosdsodc decnSecdsasalsoca|> ila) Bhi sete a es oe 2G /S ih Grsse
ISD SUN Se a gneacic a eo Ao ea decades specesoce Sendicoo: posal dl Vececl Il aseeee 1----).--.| 1 4, 040
IN Give BD Neb ope esSeebedoosecsodeooscor se adisctcllocee soul) (Jl) Il eesoee He cae seriou Ts Be)
a es | ‘= — —
BO Gell eet rata eee ner aetie staisiaci-tate ieee Palecon|t clue Sapolanoe | las 35 2] 1 | 52 | 974, 267
The oyster jishery.—With the exception of the cod, the oyster was
the most valuable product of the New England fisheries in 1892.
Although absent from the waters of Maine and New Hampshire, and
taken in only limited quantities in Massachusetts, the extent of the
fishery in Rhode Island and Connecticut is sufficient to give the oyster
a position in advance of such important products as haddock, halibut,
herring, mackerel, lobsters, and whales.
The New England oyster industry in 1892 gave direct employment
to 1,741 persons, of whom 1,152 were fishermen and 589 were shores-
men, 714 of the former and 561 of the latter being in Connecticut.
The aggregate investment in the industry was $471,931, exclusive of
the oyster-grounds. Of this amount over $400,000 is to be credited
to Connecticut. $370,000 represented vessels and their outfit, $89,090
boats, and $12,000 dredges and tongs. The yield of the oyster fishery
consisted of 1,175,182 bushels of market oysters, valued at $1,201,782;
1,004,245 bushels of seed oysters, valued at $567,347; and 230,661
bushels of shells, used for planting purposes, valued at $8,263.
The most interesting and suggestive feature of the oyster industry
of this section is the complete dependence for the supply on grounds
under private ownership or control. During the period between 1880
and 1892 great changes occurred in the methods of the oyster fishery.
In 1880 the exhaustion of the natural oyster-grounds had resulted in a
decrease in the fishery, the average size of the oysters was smaller
than before, and a still further decline in the industry was unavoidable
134 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
under the conditions prevailing. The output of the fishery in that year
was only 435,650 bushels, a quantity insignificant when compared with
the yield which subsequent experience has shown to be possible in
these waters. The most noteworthy change in the condition of the
industry occurred in Connecticut, which has been the scene of the most
extensive and remunerative oyster-culture in the world. The entire
history of the oyster industry in that State, as well as in the other
States of the section, has demonstrated the futility of depending on
natural oyster-grounds for the supply and the possibility of bringing
barren areas of sea bottom, hitherto regarded as useless, under profitable
cultivation. The Connecticut system has attracted much attention
and has been adopted by other States. For a detailed account of the
methods and conditions which have contributed to the development of
the oyster industry of Connecticut, recourse should be had to the State
reports and to papers! published by this Commission.
In addition to the value of fishing property (vessels, boats, apparatus)
employed in the Connecticut oyster fishery, there are very important
investments represented by the private oyster-grounds, the crop on the
beds, and the shore property and cash capital required by the large
operators for the proper conduct of the business. In 1892 the market
value of the oyster-grounds was $1,283,650; the oysters planted on the
grounds had an estimated value of $2,118,600; the value of the wharfs,
buildings, ete., connected with the industry was $361,270, and the cash
capital was $370,000.
According to the official State records, the available area for oyster
fishing and planting in Connecticut is 95,601 acres. The division of this
area into private and public grounds is.shown in the following table, in
which the areas over which the State and towns respectively exercise
jurisdiction are separately indicated:
Grounds. Public. | Private.
Acres. Acres.
RUDIGER AR GOCE CE HO See OO rE OtISS COARSE CODEC eet Sao O Ee Scone UaGs aaet canarias Serb 5, 809 67, 905
MDOWIN Soiree kanes bicreni ie ahave& acto See e eo meta ie ciclo ele BLS Cin EIN Cine ean sees Ree eee 13, 482 6, 405
DOG ape eae aoe ae ORNs Aah epee te UE Ne Bet TS ere te Se ae SS eee | 19, 291 74, 310
The public beds in 1592 yielded less than a bushel of market oysters
and less than 11 bushels of seed oysters to the acre. The private beds,
on the other hand, produced on an average 13 bushels of market oysters
and 10 bushels of seed oysters per acre, if the entire grounds be con-
sidered, but if, as is proper, only the part actually utilized in 1892 be
regarded (about 18,225 acres), then the average production per acre
was 53 bushels of market oysters and 41 bushels of seed oysters. The
average value per acre of the oysters taken from the public or natural
beds was under $4, while the yield of the cultivated grounds had an
average value of about $75 per acre.
1See especially ‘‘Notes on the oyster industry of Connecticut,” by J. W. Collins
(Bulletin U. 8. Fish Commission 1889), and ‘‘The methods of deep-water oyster
culture,” by Henry C. Rowe (Bulletin U. &. Fish Commission 1893).
ek a oe
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 135
Following is a table showing the quantity and value of the market
and seed oysters taken from public and private grounds in 1892:
Grounds. Bushels. | Value. -
SS pale at |
Private grounds: }
WaT RG GIOWSUSIS) Sere atOR SS Ske Paseo oc se enonors as 1,724,534) 1,352,900
Publie grounds: : ; ae ne,
MARCH OWSIEHNG apace Sag000 doddceesee csabosne pHSéoeSdesde sonceesorcecnoscs 13, 720 | 10, 125
padi opslerssterr-cr ccececeet nae ae bemoans ons cete shoe adesqaeestceceeenst: 201, 920 | 63, 224
Total CKO DS ADOC OA OAIDOD SE Opes CTE Sco CID DDO Ee CCOODO DoD Os an Sco ear Se 215, 640 | 73, 349
Gremiittwieee ctv tise gti eel chek RT ne, oy laos) Ae ot: 1, 940, 174 ) 426, 249
The business of planting seed oysters and of placing various kinds
of shells on the oyster-grounds for the purpose of furnishing a suitable
place for the attachment of the oyster spat is very extensive. The use
of crushed stone and gravel for the latter purpose is also resorted to
in some parts of the State. The quantity and value of the seed,
shells, and stone deposited on the grounds in 1892 are given in the
following table; 106,500 bushels of the seed sown, valued at $62,260,
represented small oysters brought from the South.
Items. | Quantity. | Value.
NRROMOVSbONS ter see a aac re ree me cece cc ia inmeoe ieee as aeee cesar bushels. .| 288,700 | $122, 670
SRGMUSEE Sastre cand cessor hicls ce Macnee scenaice ceils satee tlaiejaltniaeseictelaciers do...-| 1,666, 450 125, 416
Grashedustoucandoravelsescus cee csace ae ceca aces soe sees set Joeman EOnsieseae 26, 745 21, 435
STO en eee see roe ea te ed Ai Shr NOS Soe |e LETS Be (fh ree ease 269, 521
The most northern locality on the New England coast where any
form of oyster-culture is practiced is in the mouth of Parker River, at
Newburyport, Mass., where 12 acres are under cultivation. In 1892
1,500 bushels of oysters, costing $1 per bushel, were planted. When
taken up they amounted to 1,800 bushels, which were sold at retail in
Newburyport for $2,700. Mr. Hall, field agent, reports as follows on
the oyster business at this piace:
This is not a natural oyster region. The business is very small, and there is no
prospect that it will ever increase. The oysters are planted in April and taken up
during the following summer and fall. The bottom is hard mud. Sea cabbage (an
alga) grows on portions of the beds. The oystermen believe it is beneficial to the
oysters. The seed oysters, which come from Barnstable Bay, are large when
planted. After lying on the beds one season they open 1 gallon to the bushel. No
seed oysters are produced on the beds, and those brought from Barnstable Bay cost
too much to render competition practicable on the part of the producers at Newbury-
port, as market oysters can be obtained in Boston from Virginia, Maryland, Rhode
Island, and elsewhere more cheaply than they can be raised at Newburyport.
On the southern part of the Massachusetts coast, the principal places
where the oyster fishery is carried on are Barnstable Bay and Wellfleet
Bay, on the northern side of the Cape Cod Peninsula; Oyster Pond
and Oyster Pond River, at Chatham, on the east side of the cape;
Cotuit Harbor and Lewis Bay, arms of Vineyard Sound, which washes
136 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
the southern shores of the peninsula; Red Brook Harbor, Bourne Neck,
Buttermilk Bay, Onset Bay, Wareham River, Sippican Harbor, and
Westport River, all tributaries of Buzzards Bay; and Taunton River,
which enters Narragansett Bay. The oysters in these localities are
taken from natural grounds having an area of about 1,100 acres and
from cultivated beds with an area of about 3,125 acres. The principal
natural grounds are in Taunton River and the most extensive culti-
vated beds are in Onset Bay and Wareham River.
The inquiries of the office showed that about 1,500 acres in Onset
Bay and its arms and 800 acres in Wareham River were utilized for
oyster-culture by 47 planters. Some of the planters do only a gmail
business, while others are quite extensively engaged. Some years the
set is very good, that in 1893 being the best in many years. It is
reported that fally half the yearly output represents native growth.
In 1892, 7,041 bushels of market oysters, valued at $14,082, were taken;
10,600 bushels of seed oysters from Connecticut and Rhode Island and
10,000 bushels of shells, costing $7,160, were planted on the grounds
in the same year. The seed from Rhode Island remains planted one
year and is then returned to Providence River to mature. This is done
chiefly to escape the ravages of starfish in Rhode Island waters while
the oysters are young, starfish being uncommon in Onset Bay and
Wareham River and doing no damage. The borer, however, is quite
destructive, and the periwinkle is also injurious.
Mr. W. A. Wilcox, field agent, has submitted the following notes on
the oyster industry of Taunton River:
Taunton River has more acres in natural oyster beds than any other ground in the
State. The natural oyster beds are estimated to cover 1,000 acres of ground; they
extend on either side of the river in an almost continuous bed from the mouth at
Fall River up as faras Dighton. The oyster beds are owned by the towns bordering
on the river, the town right extending from the shore to the middle of the stream.
Each town leases its oyster privileges to one person, who has the exclusive right to
take oysters from grounds within the respective towns between September 1 and
Junel. The leases are sold at public or private sale, and are good for one year or
aterm of years. During 1892 the town licenses for that year were as follows: Fall
River, $152; Somerset, $710; Dighton, $275; Berkeley, $1,500; Freestone, $1,000 (two
leases). The town of Freestone sells one privilege for Taunton River and one for
Asonet River. The latter is a smail stream tributary to Taunton River; natural
oyster beds are found from its mouth for a distance of 2} miles upstream.
In past years the Taunton River oysters were highly esteemed and considered
equal to any in the State, but since about 1883, when extensive copper works were
established at Taunton, the oysters, from some unknown cause, have taken ona
greenish-yellow color and an astringent coppery flavor. As a consequence, they are
not now considered wholesome and are not placed on the market or used locally,
and the beds are now only valuable for the seed oysters produced. Of late years
about 25,000 bushels of seed oysters have been taken annually from Taunton and
Asonet rivers and transplanted in Providence River, where they lose their undesir-
able color and flavor, becoming equal to any oysters taken from Providence River,
which is noted for its fine stock. The seed are taken up during April and May, when
about 50 rowboats, with one man each, are at work on the beds. The men tong the
oysters, taking on an average about 25 bushels daily, for which service they receive
10 to 20 cents a bushel.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 137
Of late years oysters are reported to be growing scarce, which is not surprising,
as there has been no good set for a number of years, and the beds are allowed no
chance to recuperate.
The oyster output of Rhode Island is at present obtained almost
wholly from private cultivated grounds. These have an area of about
700 acres. In 1892 there were taken from these beds 156,080 bushels of
marketable oysters, valued at $239,941. As the oysters remain on the
beds for about three years, on an average, and as about one-third of the
ground gives up these oysters annually, it appears that the average
production of marketable oysters to the acre is 670 bushels, valued at
$1,020. The natural oyster beds of the State have become practically
unproductive of marketable oysters. In 1892 only 2,000 bushels, val-
ued at $2,075, were taken off the natural grounds. In addition to these,
14,865 bushels of small oysters, worth $5,783, were obtained, which
were used for planting purposes.
A striking illustration of the utility of a rational system of water cul-
ture applied to mollusks is seen by comparing the oyster with other
shellfish the beds of which are not subject to private ownership except
on an exceedingly small scale. The susceptibility of the soft clam, the
quahog, and the scallop to cultivation is perhaps as pronounced as that
of the oyster, and the comparison is therefore fair. While the average
quantities of soft clams, of quahogs, and of scallops taken for market
in the New England States in 1892 were, respectively, 227 bushels, 154
bushels, and 176 bushels per man, the average quantity of oysters was
1,892 bushels per man. The incomes of the fishermen from the sale of
these products indicate a similar disparity, being $125 per man for soft
clams, $168 per man for quahogs, $141 per man for scallops, and $1,536
per man for oysters.
The clam fishery—Clams are among the most valuable fishery
resources of the New England States, and their collection constitutes
one of the most extensive and important branches of the fisheries.
Throughout this region the soft clam or long clam (Mya arenaria) is
found abundantly; but it is only along the southern part of the coast
that the quahog or round clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) occurs. The
former is the more abundant and important species, considering the
yield in the aggregate; it is especially prominent in Maine and Massa-
chusetts. The quahog is most important in southern Massachusetts.
The number of persons engaged in clamming is larger than in any
other fishery under consideration, with the exception of the lobster.
Over 5,300 persons in 1892 took clams for a livelihood during some part
of the year. In Maine there were more than 1,900 clam fishermen and
in Massachusetts over 800. Owing to the inexpensive outfit required
for clamming and the comparative ease with which the clams are taken,
this fishery is of great assistance to the poorer classes in the fishing
communities; and it is a saying along parts of the Maine coast that
“the clam beds keep many people off the town.” The semiprofes-
sional nature of the fishery in Maine may be judged from the cirecum-
138 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
stance that the average value of the clams taken in 1892 was only $80
per man.
The New England clam catch in 1892 was 759,402 bushels, valued at
$462,889. The yield of soft clams was 667,509 bushels, valued at
$362,477, and that of quahogs 91,893 bushels, with a market value of
$100,412. The production of each species by States is given in the
following table:
Production of soft clams and Rtiovicey | Bushels.| Value.
quahogs.
Sothiclameresss s=-neeeaes ee Maina sek ho: Ee Se Ba he pen Pee ee one | 416,806 | $157,431
INGw aM PS DIL ose sas eases mists els eee cie eee 1, 050 975
Massachusetts <= -d2tse cht eaeeias as ose emisseeee cane 191, 923 133, 529
Rhodellsland- Sage 2. se sae soe cence eens cece sates 33, 950 45, 222
Connecticut < (ee teas her iscn ae dele ec eresaceee eee | 23, 780 25, 320
Ro teil: «45 22GV RE oat ee ee EA PS See | 667, 509 62, 477
(QEAINOES) s55a00sa0se9cHd SD0as | Miain ©: cS 2eidis sia nist tema Dara eA cpre ene ee Cee es | ee eee 5 ae
New Hampshine >= aca. cess seasisacees cee See aces ase ae lesa senteee
Massachisettis\=.2 3335 secon sizts b2ciciee Selacacleeecaae | 64, 823 61, 801
Roonaan ley. ssa eeer eee ee ene Seen eee | 19, 950 20, 275
| Connecticub!e\cec ae Paste ne ntecacsac ete eseecer = 17, 120 18, 336
DROUEM ceo cpcondsepoceSbosobeceasSzebocesesoces|| dis eRe) | ili diy,
otal. 2, sales Ste Aaah Maine: oie tate AS. ow SR ee | 416,806 | 157, 431
New Hampshire 62 o 22 ccicetisenemstie es oocemes eee 1, 050 975
IMiaissachuSettssaecc can tacc Gefen Soca eee eos 246, 746 195, 330
Rhodentslandicses ac Sastre arate ee eee | 53,900 | 65, 497
Connecticut; 2... .2accscnecideceact ssiawieine secre sere] 40, 900 | 43, 656
otal est Meee ene ae ee Peer eee | 759,402 | 462, 889
|
In Maine a large part of the clams taken are salted, to be used as
bait in the line fisheries for cod and other ground fish. The salted
clams are placed in barrels holding about 12 bushels of shucked clams.
Tn 1892, 75,269 bushels were thus utilized in the preparation of 5,938
barrels of clam bait, for which the fishermen received $27,044. Not-
withstanding the increase ia the clam production in 1892 as compared
with 1880, the quantity of clams salted for bait was much greater in
1880, being 178,164 bushels, from which were prepared 12,726 barrels of
pickled clams, valued at $63,630.
Between 1880 and 1892 the output of soft clams fluctuated consid-
erably; in Maine, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island, the yield in 1889
was larger than in any other year for which complete data are avail-
able, the aggregate catch being double that in 1880. The season of
1892 was unusually poor in both Maine and Massachusetts; the catch
was but little more than in 1880, and the total produetion of the region
was hardly 100,000 bushels more than in 1880. The years 1887 and
1888 also had a larger output than 1880 and 1892.
The yield of quahogs in 1892 was perhaps the largest known up to
that time. Massachusetts experienced a noteworthy advance, which
counterbalanced the decline in Rhode Island and Connecticut. The
abundance of this mollusk, however, seems to have been singularly
uniform, as judged by the aggregate catch, the smallest production, in
1889, being only 25 per cent less than the largest in 1892.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 139
Following is a comparative exhibition of the results of the clam
fishery in each State during all the years for which figures are at hand:
Comparative statement of the yield of clams in the New England States during a series of
years.
Soft clams. Quahogs. . otal.
Bushels. | Value. Bushels. | vale: Bashelal| siptkees:
WEL rae: at te Se |e ee:
Maine: } |
ASSO ena den ane sok Je sis oscicis a ete aaa. e S1843834) (101,808 (2-4 = -3- VB Sorento 318, 383 | $101, 808
ROS Upe sect eve mo eae ateieecenice ae sec eats We BO8a 780) |, DeStl 90h |e mes eel nee nse a at 608,780 | 228,490
BSB Seen see ea gan eee aeemee meet OOO UMD! |) 227,166" 22 nayee | erm atom mice 600,675 | 227, 665
ARBONNE = See ee dete sac Bob eae 200s Gly eosceee ee. ee eee ees 595,105 | 200, 761
TRGB a es ee U8 oat sa ee cates ealGeS06a)) slowaasinieseeeeee jin acie cya ce 416, 806 157, 431
New Hampshire: |
Ie oe uae CBee eee Reece RA9GO\NY |Si980)|/sa2ge a Wasa cere 17, $60 8, 980
| 280 | CE ae a ec ee oe | 280 140
300 | 11510) |SBascoseua ser baneeee 300 | 150
300 15 QU eeesece 2 |besaeaceee 300 | 150
1, 050 O75u| eae estan | 1,050 975
158, 626 76,195; 11,050 $5,525 | 169,676} 81,720
230,659 | 121, 202 35, 540 21,363 | 266, 199 142, 565
243,777 | 127,838 26, 165 14,822 | 269, 942 142, 660
240,831 | 137,711} 16,913 | 12,549) 257,744 150, 260
191,923 | 133,529 54,823 | 61.801 | 246,746 | 195,330
53, 960 48, 564 42, 000 35,000 | 95,960 83, 564
25, 825 25,080 | 19,215 15,699} 45, 040 40, 729
30, 825 30,030 | 33, 029 28, 075 63,854] 58, 105
33, 375 32,475 | 29,650) 25,600] 63,025] 58,075
33, 950 45, 222 19,950 | 20,275 53, 900 65, 497
75,000 | 38,000} 49,250] 29,475 | 124,250 |
96,735 | 25,370 | 18,887] 18,677 | 45, 622 44, 047
96,575 | 24,970 | 18,907] 18,729] 45,482 42, 999
26,360} 24,900) 21,362] 21,114) 47,722 | 46,014
23,780 | 25,320] 17,120] 18,386] 40,900 43, 656
67, 475
623,929 | 274,547 | 102,300 70,000 | 726, 229 343, 547
892, 279 400, 232 | 73, 642 55,739 | 965,921 | 455, 971
902,152 | 409,953 | 78,101) 61,626] 980, 253 471, 579
895, 971 | 395, 997 67, 925 59, 263 | 963, 896 455, 260
667,509 | 362,477 | 91,893 100,412 | 759, 402 462, 889
\
The question of artificially raising clams has received but little
consideration; the following note of Mr. Ansley Hall, field agent, on
the inception of clam-culture at Essex, Mass., will therefore prove of
interest:
I found quite an interesting feature in connection with the clam fisheries at Essex,
Mass., in the shape of clam-culture. In 1888 an act was passed by the legislature
authorizing the selectmen of the town to stake off in lots of 1 acre or less each of
the flats along the Essex River and let them to persons desiring to plant clams, fora
rental of $2 per acre or lot fur five years and an additional fee of 50 cents. Thus
far 574 acres have been taken up and seeded with clams. Small clams are dug on
the natural beds and planted on these hitherto nnproductive flats. Mr. J. Bennett
Fuller states that about 500 bushels arerequired to plant an acre properly. During
the first two years (1889 and 1890) the people were slow to avail themselves of the
privilege of planting, for fear that after they had spent their time and labor they
would not be able to secure protection from trespassers. But in 1891 and 15892 lots
were obtained and planted. The principal difficulty encountered has been the loss
of the clams by the sand washing over them, the bottom in some localities being soft
and shifting. In 1892 there were 25 acres that were quite productive, about one-third
of the entire catch of the section being obtained from them. The catch from these
lots is not definitely known, but is estimated at about 2,500 barrels,
The cultivated clams possess some advantage over the natural growth from the
fact that they are more uniform in size and are as large as the best of the natural
140 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
clams. They bring $1.75 per barrel, while the natural clams sell for $1.50 per barrel.
This is the price received by the catchers. One acre of these clams is considered to
be worth $1,000 if well seeded and favorably located so as not to be in danger of
being submerged withsand. This valuation would be too high for an ayerage, since
all the acres are not equally well seeded and located, The clammers are generally
impressed that the industry can be extensively and profitably developed, and their
only fear is that they will not be able to secure lots permanently. The greater part
of the land available for this purpose is covered by the deeds of people owning
farms along the river and the consent of the land-owners has to be obtained before
lots can be taken up. It seems probable, howeyer, thatthe business will continueto
progress unless checked by complications that may arise relative to the occupancy of
the grounds. ,
The scallop jishery.—The taking of scallops is recognized as a com-
mercial fishery only in Maine, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island. In
the first-named State, where the fishery is of least importance, the
scallop taken differs from that obtained in the other States and is
known as the giant scallop or smooth scallop (Pecten magellanicus),
It attains a very large size, but is found only in cireumscribed limits
and is not especially abundant in the accessible localities. The com-
mon scallop (Pecten irradians) ranges from southern Massachusetts to
Connecticut, and is very abundant in parts of Massachusetts and
Rhode Island.
The principal grounds resorted to by the Maine scallop fishermen in
1892 were the eastern side of Mount Desert Island, the region between
Deer Isle and Castine, and the Sheepscot River. In Massachusetts
the scallop-grounds are in Nantucket Sound and Buzzards Bay. Seal-
lops are generally distributed in the waters of Rhode Island, the
largest catch, however, being obtained in Greenwich Bay, a tributary
of Narragansett Bay, in Kent County.
In 1892 the seallop fishery was engaged in by 55 vessel fishermen,
838 boat fishermen, and 80 shoresmen, 973 persons in all. Of the fish-
ermen, 142 were in Maine, 509 in Massachusetts, and 242 in Rhode
Island. The aggregate investment in the industry was $102,397, of
which $11,535 represented the value of 24 vessels, $81,970 the value
of 626 boats, and $8,892 the value of the apparatus used. Of the
aggregate sum $63,592 was invested in Massachusetts. The quan-
tity of scallops taken for market in Maine was 19,374 bushels, having a
value of $9,455; in Massachusetts, 84,154 bushels, valued at $75,637,
and in Rhode Island, 52,690 bushels, valued at $38,998. In Connec-
ticut, where there is no regular scallop fishery, 440 bushels of scallops,
worth $330, were taken by clam fishermen.
The New England scallop output in 1892 was 231 per cent larger
and the value of the catch was 905 per cent greater than in 1880. The
very interesting and unusual feature shown by the statistics of a
greatly augmented yield, attended by an even greater increase in the
selling price, is to be accounted for by the fact that the mollusks have
steadily risen in popular favor as a food product. In 1880 the yield
of scallops in Massachusetts was only 7,568 bushels, having a value of
$3,514, and in Rhode Island was 35,600 bushels, valued at $8,900. No
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 141
fishery was at that time prosecuted in Maine. The output of giant
scallops in this State has decreased since 1887, the first year for which
statistics were obtained. Thus, in that year 35,20£ bushels were taken,
valued at $13,994; in 1888, 29,578 bushels, worth $11,278, and in 1889,
when the fishery probably reached its height, 45,368 bushels, valued at
$18,647. :
The menhaden industry.—In 1892 seven menhaden factories were in
operation in the New England States; four of these were in Connecticut,
two in Rhode Island, and one in Massachusetts. In previous years
several firms were engaged in the menhaden industry in Maine. The
business was much less extensive than during a number of previous
years. The details of this branch are brought out in the following
table, which shows an investment of over $588,000 in factories, vessels,
ete., a catch of 21,450,500 pounds of menhaden (equivalent to about
09,700,835 fish), and resulting manufactured products with a value of
$134,144. In Rhode Island the 1,120,400 pounds of other fish besides
menhaden reported as being utilized in the industry consisted chiefly
of sea-robins and seulpins.
Table showing by States the extent of the penhaden industry in the New England States
m 1892,
Items. ses mats RhodeIsland. Connecticut. Total.
|
Number of factories in operation........-...----| ite] 2 | 4 | 7
VAAL Ota CUONLOS er aeem teem ciate lem neti sincera £8, 000 | $215, 500 $66, 800 | $282, 300
Amount of cash capital............... $1, 000 | $42, 000 $22, 500 | $65, 500
Number of shoresmen employed....--- =a 6 70 70 146
Number of fishermen employed........-. 22 161 | 86 | 269
Number of steam vessels employed a 8 | 4 | 13
NG RON ROO see cae sees ve ae actein oie oe eke inlstevays 69. 46 627. 32 | 343. 72 696. 78
WAG ae es is sen ceyeince tac oceeese See eeae $12, 000 $126, 000 $49, 000 $187, 000
Value of outfit and apparatus ..--..------.-... $2, 493 $34, 731 $16, 100 $53, 324
Pounds of menhaden handled.........-----...--. 60, 000 10, 355, 600 11, 034, 900 | 21, 450, 500
Walnetodtishermencte..<- on ccc cse one's sek soak. $300 $38, $04 $34, 087 $73, 291
Rounds)ot other fish handled... <2sce do... 301, 050 25, 159 16, 500 1650 We ocoaecaeeeeeeeeeeeee
ILM Soseces0Rc cogs. Goce 403, 360 30, 176 14, 500 1, 450 3, 000 600
Muted Passe eee toe 1,616,758 | 115, 913 31, 000 3,100/ 3,000| . 600
Lobsters:
IEC San ceaesacosooce pounds. .| 17, 642, 677 663, 043 196, 350 | 11,790 | 3,182,270 205, 638
Clams:
Rakes, hoes, ete. -.-bushels-. 416, 806 157, 431 1, 050 975 246, 746 195, 330
Oysters, market: |
TDralaes anal Waa oc Ns ose\loo sce sages el socecnessosa\e-soscoespog|oosgsccasecs 29, 807 59, 638
Oysters, seed: ~
OMe obRE Nera! WOLKE 5 HOO .5el5 sono cconcdd|sasnsocodsou|lesqconsssesd|ecsnossosead 35, 000 24, 000
Ay eee eee sear oper ee meen Galena Mei yaa ee ei 64,807 | 83, 638
Scallops: mt |
Dredgesand rakes -bushels- -| 19, 374 DAS le Soe eA oA Ok es yee ern 84, 154 75, 637
Whale: |
Oilswhale=ss.--- <2 Gallons=2|-=25cc-boeeelnaee eee eae eee eee eee leet ee eee 208, 085 87, 389
Oi sperma eee acne (head lRaconeacsaco|lbonococoonsdlaccocdoanssaclisosoceaocoac 440, 159 294, 931
BONG Esse sces cess CWI Res poneenesecd seonScaorsod |eocnsaoceasq[seoccaascece 120, 150 585, 347
Ambergris ......-...- CO 'sj2,5;2| ass,ciavere’e aeiecolle sieicine eisai he sieiens ee eee eeniaeee 20 Bein
MOtall cs ssstéewsdseweca|.cadelseocs| sec ese cess esceceteeee | Meee seen | nenae eee |. 972, 944
Total value special fish- |
ST GS oa ee Me | ne Soak he ee 159884908) | eee 189290!| seen eereeeee 1, 711, 695
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
147
Table showing by States and apparatus with which caught the quantities and values of
certain products taken in the fisheries of the New England States in 1892—Continued.
Rhode Island. Connecticut. Total
Species and apparatus. = 7 Se ae
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. | Value.
Alewives:
Pound nets, trap nets, and
WOlnS oe tne eee nes pounds. - 487, 468 | $8, 126 79, 360 $683 2,743,203 | $33, 651
Gaillmetstn.s--.-e-=22 <6 (ilvooclbectectooasslbcpoceoscces 601, 600 3,125 | 1, 184, 750 | 7, 002
SORTUS) ss sneer edopacace Clnesae 702, 125 iSO Reaeeendocosl Mase ceadeese 2,560, 325 42, 982
Dipimcts-42-=~. 255-45 ClO ae eee ae nel see els nee Sela a eae meen lelnNalemel aiminm i lat~ 1, 359, 650 16, 729
Ota s: sns- 55222 ee 1, 189, 593 18, 216 680, 960 3,808 | 7,847,928 100, 364
Herring: |
Pound nets, trap nets, and
WieIES sees oe ee ee pounds. . 700 BiNilpoason ringnbolloencaccanaas | 88, 320, 229 284, 444
Gulllmeits=-—--o-e--sn<< Ge Onl lbaanoerasbes |jpdoosqebodso |Aesecne sqeac ooorocoonDoS | 8,961, 600 58, 535
Semmes). 2c). 22.82.23. Ore See eee aas | se kee omeekis fen atemisene cio (Booee5 Seber 4, 162, 450 28, 446
Dip mnets.......--.---- Gl Ren Weene eae ood locbecoacenodSsroEaoscerd paccsneoorc 1, 620, 650 | 15, 446
Total sete ee ase es 700 30h beter eee hereon ee | 53,064,929 | 386, 871
Menhaden: Prye
Pound nets, trap nets, and
WOlESueceeae a2 a pounds. . 34, 000 57 | 2,515, 200 | 7,332 | 2,734, 210 | 10, 425
Galllmeteeaceers se eeoee = Wi MooHal Ee smncuooecos Pen codeaeed |escuenocecEs|lOSeooocesuce 87, 140 | 572
Nate sigonacbessaococee do... -| 10, 726, 600 40, 725 | 20, 432, 280 | 63, 548 | 31, 223, 880 104, 995
MOU enc acssccciocssecse 10, 760, 600 40, 782 | 22, 947, 480 70,880 | 34,045,230! 115, 992
Salmon: iwc 7 : Soa ay: |e ee
Pound nets, trap nets, and |
WEIN! secs aa poundsss|t-2.-- nfefatatate’ |foyetals Rlsisnsiara 78 | 45 94, 190 19, 520
Gull C) Se anes ceaneeon Oes6<|lbeboaoAssced| asuaocaesaad 35 24 | 3, 685 769
ILI (Sloe SoS oopeocecea as (Oe Eee Soe ee coe eeoeecnenos) L}oaeenobe sos peacopetccts 560 112
aia i age Qk eel | Oe a ed 113 69! 98,435 | 20,401
Shad: |
Pound nets, trap nets, and
WMOUS eee soe pounds. .| 24,350 776 21, 602 | 1, 679 781, 204 25, 243
Gaullmeiseecassas\c2== Gl se5 se obeasecned ae=nebeancee 71, 708 6, 052 253, 808 13, 724
SIIASE Gresser cesses (5 55|beeBouesscee||Pabboaaoseps 17, 252 1, 704 103, 379 4, 100
OUR ote mace isit ss clotsic cote 24, 350 776 110, 562 9, 435 1, 138, 391 43, 067
Smelt: re —
Pound nets, trap nets, and
Wildes secemosss pounds... 18, 740 NEGRO Scoseteooccullsemcoconn 91, 610 7, 935
einese es se eae eae does: 19, 460 1, 840 8, 810 790 867, 748 56, 998
Lien sSoaacaoogsaees (sae Oe (Rs Ek ee RE See acoee Bpeocer ener. meeembsapocic = 317, 550 26, 809
PIN OSM tsa scee nee es ene |B ae dater sa SAS coe as alaae eebiene salle tana a 420, 860 32, 226
Potala: ssctSossocees see 38, 200 3, 560 8,810 790 1, 697, 768 | 123, 963
——S | - =| ‘= SS
Lobsters:
Gaon Leasanéadcesans pounds...) 774, 100 53, 762 1, 614, 530 101, 358 | 23, 409,927 | 1, 035, 591
ams:
Rakes, hoes, ete..-bushels- - 53, 900 | 65, 497 40, 900 43, 656 | 759, 402 462, 889
Oysters, market: : :
Dredges and tongs. -.-do.... 159, 581 253, 459 985, 794 888,685 | 1,175,182 | 1, 201, 782
Oysters, seed:
Dredgesand tongs. --.do-.... 14, 865 5, 783 954, 380 537,564 | 1, 004, 245 567, 347
Oyster shells: |
Dredges and tongs. --.do-.-. 40, 661 2, 033 190, 000 6. 230 230, 661 8, 263
i iy | See er ee 215, 107 261, 275 | 2,130, 174 1,432,479 | 2,410, 088 | 1, 777, 392
Seallops: W | |
Dredgesand rakes. bushels. - 52, 690 38, 998 440 330 156,618 | 124, 420
Whale: | ; |
Oilswhale .>-..- -=- allOnsges| ee a amrigcin e's | emai" 3, 150 1,323 | 211, 235 88, 712
Oilysaperme---------- Gly based Been Bacon oe a eca sae BS Seal et moe Ieee 440, 159 294, 931
IMAG Bayeoesocoses 1000) 1002S (EER Se noe) SonSs See ceae| or coeoeqeee| pSsoooonon 120, 150 585, 347
Wmbergris\:s:-2..-- 2! Oe yee mes Rae ee crete a rnia | eae crerctctn tatall eteieiare tetas ate 20 PATS
TSey EAS ee ks eee SRC aie eS 2 eee ee aes eet ee See DABQO bres ee tees | 974, 267
Total value special fish- | ‘ | ee iF)
BIOS eee ees eae enn aioe iiare, 489.896 ||) Seon ee =e G64 28) ee coe te le LOD ALT,
148 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
THE GREAT LAKES.
In connection with the consideration of the fish and fisheries of the
basin of the Great Lakes by the international commission appointed
by the United States and Canada to investigate the fisheries of the
contiguous waters of the two countries, a canvass of the commercial
fisheries of the United States waters of these lakes was begun by this
division in May, 1894, and by the close of the fiscal year had progressed
satisfactorily. The inquiry related to the statistics and methods of
the industry, the abundance of the economic fishes, and the changes
occurring since the last investigation. The United States Fish Com-
mission conducted a complete canvass of the Great Lakes in 1891, the
results of which are published in the annual report for 1892; but
recent marked and rapid changes in certain important phases of the
industry made another inquiry at this time desirable in order to arrive
at a proper knowledge of the extent and methods of the fisheries.
SPECIAL INQUIRIES.
PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES.
In November, 1893, Mr. A. B. Alexander, fishery expert on the
Albatross, was detached from that vessel and assigned to- temporary
field duty in this division. He was ordered to make a study of those
fishes which have been artificially introduced into the waters of the
Pacific States and become the object of fisheries. Supplementary
instructions were subsequently issued covering a canvass of the whale
fishery and salmon-canning industry. Mr. Alexander had previously
been engaged in similar inquiries for this division, and his familiarity
with the fisheries of the region made his services valuable. The
inquiry began November 7, and was continued until about February
10. Work was begun in the vicinity of San Francisco, extended as
far south as Monterey Bay, and later carried on at Portland, Astoria,
and other places on the northern part of the west coast.
The fishes to which attention was specially directed were shad, striped
bass, black bass, catfish, eel, and carp. The inquiry was addressed to
the methods, apparatus, history, and statistics of the fisheries, to the
wholesale trade, and to such phases of the natural history as may have
a bearing on the practical aspects of the subject. Statistical data
relating to the calendar year 1893 were obtained. The data collected
for the whale fishery consisted of the statistics for the year 1893 for
the San Francisco fleet and for the New Bedford vessels rendezvousing
at the former port. The salmon investigation covered all phases of
the packing industry in California, Oregon, Washington, and Alaska.
While it was not feasible to visit all streams on which salmon can-
neries were located, nor to personally study the salmon-packing in
Alaska, complete information was obtainable for the more remotely
located canneries at the headquarters of the firms located in Sat
Francisco and Portland,
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 149
The notes submitted by Mr. Alexander on the shad and striped bass
are reserved for incorporation in a special report now in course of prep-
aration, in which the entire subject of fish acclimatization in the Pacific
States is considered. His statistics of the whale fishery and salmon-
canning industry have been embodied in a general report on.the fish-
eries of the Pacific States, prepared by Mr. W. A. Wilcox. phoaces 3, 000 135 | 1, 783, 700 39, 920
(GOMES ve SeebecesoolleacoaseesalHocosecdlsnonssocas| Seesonce 156, 825 |10, 275 |17, 040, 135 408, 098
Cashes Bank, ©. 22-215 6, 298, 540 109, 312
Clark Banke Soo %-s-s=—- 177, 000 4, 045
Fippenies Bank .-.-----.- 231, 200 5, 192
THlies) Banks <2 sees soe 66, 000 1, 382
Ipswich Bay.---...-.... : 533, 400 14, 127
Jettreys Ledge. ...---..- 5, 066, 005 97, 132
MiddleiBaniks -22-e-05~-,. 4, 692, 660 98, 854
Otf Highland Light. -...
Off Chatham: ----.-....-
South Channel... a% 13, 660, 050 280, 839
Nantucket Shoals 1, 209, 900 28, 806
Shore, general .......... 470,100 | 36,981 | 696, 100 | 47,371 | 358,717 |17,4386 | 5, 039, 707 179, 503.
Motalieate eos ssecoee 503, 300 | 39,252 1,077,500 | 69,366 | 618, 147 |30, 518 |67, 595, 289 | 1,595, 902
2, 633, 785 52,411
1, 074, 132 22, 878
The receipts of fish at Gloucester in 1893, landed from American
fishing vessels, consisted of 29,478,000 pounds of fresh and 45,322,000
pounds of salt fish, valued at $2,503,000. Over 38,500,000 pounds, or
more than half the total receipts, consisted of fresh and salt cod, the
salt cod amounting to about 34,000,000 pounds. The value of the cod
at first hands was $1,145,000. The next important fish was halibut,
of which 8,418,000 pounds, worth $656,000, were landed. Hake were
taken in about the same quantities as halibut, but their value was
much less; 8,400,000 pounds, valued at $59,000, are shown in the sta-
tistics. Of mackerel, 7,715,420 pounds, with a value of $503,887, were
received. The most prominent fishing-grounds visited by the Glouces-
ter vessels are the Grand Banks; here over 19,000,000 pounds of fish,
having a value of $572,000, were caught. Georges Bank yielded more
than 14,100,000 pounds, valued at $492,000. The details are shown in
the following table, compiled from statistics furnished during the year.
by Capt. S. J. Martin.
164 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Summary by fishing-grounds of certain fishery products landed at Gloucester, Mass., in
1893, by American fishing vessels,
Aah Cod. Cusk.
BSE
Fishing-grounds. SHE Fresh. Salted. Fresh. Salted.
SE
5 = | Pounds. |Value.| Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
East of 66° W. longi-
tude:
La Have Bank...... 92 431, 000 |$8, 367 571, 770 $20, 522 350, 000 |$5, 004 |......... NeEcoer Be
Western Bank ..-.. 493, 200 14, 510 12, 000 OG Heke aes oesaae
Quereau Bank...... 433, 260 DUITS ees cos ae dl Sisepsaaus 7, 000 $158
Misaine Bank.....- 32, 000 AY CO eee ee sas) bmcomse Geaecec rad ncaa
St. Peters Bank .... 26, 000 (62 eeo seen ememmers oorsodaoloeocaae
Green Bank.....--- Bret asanoel bondaoaded |ldeosoecmad| lpascecalltcnosccedllssicas
Grand Bank......-. P8jO20275:\' 918984 ie sack cel eens nan acces ae Seeeoee
Canso Bank........ 864, 940 24209 Sock = = -Joillosomsce|eeene nee eeneee
Cape Shore......--- -| 1,083, 350 35, 097 45, 000 720 31, 600 576
Gulf of St. Lawrence 909, 330 ZG 405 Nese ce cecal aeeeeclee ones
Iceland and Green- | |
lands see ek cols Ot See aeica Aastooe 156, 000 ANODE ER oe cians \\s/osa rime .cil Meee are eet eee
Off Newfoundland. . / eS ae aacacloosaaric 15, 000 ATi =- aiereles Soe baie cw Se Ee eee eee | ee
Total-.255522-22 645 | 463,000 | 8,997 |22, 606, 125 631,639 | 407,000 | 5,922 38, 600 734
West of 66° W. longi-
tude: r
Browns Bank ...-.-- 25 | 234,000 | 4, 488 181, 800 5,418 | 112,500 | 1,618 4, 000 70
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1.—REPORT OF THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNITED STATES
FISH COMMISSION AT THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION,
SKETCH OF THE EXHIBIT.
The Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries was directed by the act of
Congress approved April 25, 1890, to join with the several Executive
Departments in the preparation of an exhibit illustrating the functions
of the Government at the World’s Columbian Exposition. The repre-
sentation of the Departments was intrusted to one member from each
of them, and one from the Smithsonian Institution and National
Museum, as well as one from the Fish Commission; these representa-
tives to constitute a board of management and control. The repre-
sentative of the Fish Commission, nominated by the Commissioner
August 18, 1890, was Capt. J. W. Collins, assistant in charge of the
division of fisheries. Captain Collins tendered his resignation as rep-
resentative December 27, 1892, and Commissioner McDonald then
designated Dr. Tarleton H. Bean, assistant in charge of the division of
fish-culture, to succeed him.
No active work was undertaken until April 1, 1891, upon which date
certain employees of the Commission were detailed for special duty in
connection with the preparation of the exhibit, and such additional
assistants aS were required were employed.
The building No. 210 Tenth street NW., Washington, D.C., was leased
for the use of the Fish Commission exhibit May 1,1891. On August 13,
1891, the equipment of the building was reported complete, and W. P.
Sauerhoft was detailed to work, under Mr. Ravenel’s direction, upon
the preparation of fish-cultural apparatus. The building was given
up March 15, 1893, after the exhibit had been shipped to Chicago.
The general plan and scope of the exhibit were outlined by Captain
Collins, and, with the approval of the Commissioner, active measures
were soon after begun, with the assistance of E. C. Bryan, chief special
agent in charge of administration and fisheries; W. deC. Ravenel,
special agent in charge of fish-culture; William P. Seal, in charge of
construction of aquarium, and Dr. J. A. Henshall, in charge of the
angling exhibit.
Mr. Seal resigned his position as special agent in charge of the aqua-
rium December 31, 1892, and on the following day, upon the designation
by the Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, Prof. S. A. Forbes, director
of the State Laboratory of Natural History at Champaign, III., was
appointed to take charge of the aquarial exhibit. He was assisted by
F. R, 94-——12 177
178 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Mr. L. G. Harron, who had supervision of the salt-water section, and
Mr. Alexander Jones, who superintended the fresh-water division.
Mr. Bryan severed his connection with the exhibit on January 10,
1893, and was replaced by Mr. Ravenel.
Dr. J. A. Henshall resigned his position as special agent in charge of
the angling exhibit January 16, 1893, and the work to which he had
been assigned was performed by the representative, Dr. Bean.
The preparation of the fisheries section included the construction of
a series of boat and vessel models, together with sail and builders’
plans of fishing vessels, the collection of fishes and other marine ani-
mals, and the preparation of casts of gelatin and papier maché, the
mounting of skins of seals, sea lions, and other objects of the fisheries,
the collection of nets and other apparatus, fishermen’s clothing, photo-
graphs and other illustrations of the fisheries and fishery industries of
the United States, and the securing of a typical series of fishing and
angling appliances from manufacturing firms.
The series of vessel models, built under the personal supervision of
Capt. J. W. Collins, was illustrative of modern vessels engaged in the
fisheries of New England, Chesapeake Bay, Gulf of Mexico, and
the Pacific and Arctic oceans. It embraced also types of historical
interest as showing the development of fishing craft, with suggestions
for important improvements in vessel construction.
The boat models included types of those in common use in Ches-
apeake Bay and the North Carolina sounds, the Gulf of Mexico, the
Great Lakes, and those used by natives of Alaska. These latter were
accompanied by the netting and fishing appliances, clothing, and other
equipment of the people.
The fish casts were made chiefly from specimens of important food
and economic species which were obtained at Gloucester, Boston, and
Woods Hole, Mass.; New York; Norfolk and Cape Charles City, Va.;
Washington, D.C.; Tampa, Key West, and Cedar Keys, Fla.; San-
dusky, Ohio; Quincy and Meredosia, Il]., and San Francisco, Cal.
Reference is made elsewhere to persons who, through their interest
in the undertaking, forwarded many rare fishes. Numerous specimens
were secured through dealers, and important collections were made by
employees of the Commission; as, for example, Mr. V. N. Edwards, in
Woods Hole, Mass.; Dr. J. A. Henshall, in Florida; Dr. 8. P. Bartlett,
in Illinois; Mate James A. Smith, U.S. N., in North Carolina; F. N.
Clark, in Michigan; W. F. Page, in Missouri; Charles G. Atkins, in
Maine; Rudolph Hessel, in Washington, D. C.; George A. Seagle, in
Virginia; Capt. W. E. Dougherty, in California, and A. B. Alexander,
in California and elsewhere on the Pacific Coast.
Lieut. Robert Platt, U. S. N., took an active part in the collection of
marine animals with the steamer Fish Hawk, and sent details of men
to help in the preparation and return of the exhibit.
The following superintendents of stations were present during the
whole or part of the Exposition period in connection with the aquarial
a
FISH-CULTURAL SECTIC
ON.—MODELS
OF LEAOVILLE STATIC
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THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 179
and fish-cultural exhibits: Dr. S. P. Bartlett, Frank N. Clark, H. D.
Dean, J. J. Stranahan, as was also Mr. J. FI’. Ellis, superintendent of
the car and messenger service, who gave personal direction to matters
of transportation for the aquarium and fish-hatchery.
A large series of photographs, already in the possession of the Fish
Commission and the National Museum, was transferred to the exhibit,
and many new illustrations showing recent changes in the methods and
development of the fisheries were secured by detailing employees
for work in suitable regions. These details included 8S. G. Worth for
duty in the New England States and in the South; Messrs. C. H.
Townsend, A. B. Alexander, and W. A. Wilcox on the Pacific Coast;
Dr. H. M. Smith, C. H. Stevenson, and Ansley Hall at various field
stations. This work, in most cases, was performed in addition to regu-
lar duties. Dr. Smith also prepared the statistical charts showing the
extent of the fisheries of the United States.
The exhibit of the division of inquiry respecting food-fishes was pre-
pared under the direction of Mr. Richard Rathbun, assistant in charge
of the division. In that section were to be found illustrations of the
marine laboratory and fish-cultural station at Woods Hole, models and
illustrations of the vessels of the Commission, specimens of the seines,
trawls, nets, dredges, and other collecting apparatus, together with wire
rope used in dredging operations and the other accessories for scraping
the ocean bottom.
The apparatus used in sorting and preserving collections was also
exhibited. There was a model of the sounding machine used in deep-
sea work, with examples of the various thermometers used in physical
observations. The results of scientific explorations of the Commission
appear in the form of charts and models of the areas over which the
vessels made their investigations.
In the cases preserved in alcohol or in a dry state were many curious
inhabitants of the deep sea as well as the surface waters—the crinoids,
corals, crabs, sea-pens, starfish, sea-urchins, the various invertebrate
animals that form the food of fishes, foraminifera, sponges, worms, and
mollusks. In the latter class extensive series of oysters were displayed
to show the rate of growth on different kinds of bottoms, the method
of attachment of the spat, the injuries produced by starfish, drills, and
other enemies of the oyster.
The dredging apparatus included appliances for collecting in depths
greater than 3 miles, and was therefore of especial interest to the public.
This division was further enriched by a collection of about 150 flexible
casts of fishes painted from the fresh or living specimens in faithful
imitation of nature.
In the installation of the exhibit of the scientific section, as well as
in its return to Washington, valuable assistance was rendered by Mr.
C. H. Townsend, naturalist of the Albatross.
The preparation of the exhibit of the fish-cultural section was directly
in charge of Mr. W. deC. Ravenel, upon plans prepared with the assist-
180 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
ance and approval of the Commissioner. In that section the apparatus
of modern fish-culture was shown by means of models and full-sized
specimens as far as possible in operation, and an historical series show-
ing the development of modern appliances, as well as their geographical
variation. This included apparatus for collecting and carrying eggs
and for transporting spawning fish, hatching apparatus, rearing appa-
ratus, models and pictures of hatching and rearing establishments,
and collections showing the methods and results of fish-culture.
Eggs in various stages of development were shown preserved in brine
or alcohol, and fish reared at the various stations were illustrated by
means of painted casts and alcoholic specimens. The food and the
enemies of fish were exhibited in various ways. There was also a
collection of fish-cultural literature.
PRACTICAL FISH-CULTURE.
To illustrate practically the fish-cultural work of the Commission, a
number of modern forms of trout and salmon troughs, shad and white-
fish tables, and cod boxes were erected in the exhibit, and operations
conducted during the entire Fair with real and artificial eggs. The
apparatus was as follows: Two hatching tables, 8 feet long, 3 feet wide,
and 3 feet high, equipped with McDonald jars for hatching eggs of
shad, whitefish, and pike perch; four representative salmon and trout
troughs, 8 feet long, 12 inches wide, and 8 inches deep, one for hatching
trout eggs on gravel, one on trays, the Clark-Williamson combina-
tion, one of the Atkins pattern, such as is used in hatching the
Atlantie and landlocked salmon in Maine, and the other with a Stone
salmon basket, commonly used on the Pacific Coast. A set of McDonald.
cod boxes and Chester jars was also provided for illustrating work
with cod and other floating eggs. As it was not possible to obtain
live eggs throughout the season, it was necessary to provide a substi-
tute, so that there should be no cessation in our work. Through the
ingenuity of Mr. S. G. Worth, superintendent of Central station, arti-
ficial eggs were made of resin for illustrating the methods employed in
hatching the floating and semi-buoyant varieties.
Salmon and trout eggs preserved in brine were used in the troughs.
These eggs were the dead ones picked out of the hatching troughs at
the different stations of the Commission during the previous winter,
and answered the purpose well. Credit is due Mr. J. J. Stranahan for
this idea. The artificial eggs having been found to be of greater spe-
cific gravity than fresh water, and it having been demonstrated that
eges kept in brine would soon decay in fresh water, it was necessary to
equip this composite hatchery so that either fresh or salt water could
be used in each form of apparatus. The fresh water was furnished by
the Exposition Company and was pumped from Lake Michigan. This
was found to be fairly good for hatching operations, and ranged in tem-
perature from 42° I’, in May to 74° in August, and down again to 47°
in October.
THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 181
The salt water was a saturated solution, and was manufactured from
time to time as needed. This water was circulated by means of two
pumps driven by water pressure, the pumps lifting the water from the
storage tanks below the floor, into which the troughs and other forms
of apparatus emptied, into the tanks overhead, from which the water
was furnished by gravity to the hatching apparatus.
Eggs of various kinds were hatched during the months of May, June,
parts of July and September, and all of October. At the opening of
the exhibition, May 1, there were in the hatchery 800,000 shad eggs,
3,000,000 pike-perch, and 84,000 yellow-perch, and by the end of June
16,550,000 pike-perch eggs, 700,000 yellow-perch, 800,000 shad, and
154,000 eggs of the common sucker had been received and cared for
and 6,900,000 fry hatched. Of these 3,700,000 pike-perch fry, 700,000
yellow-perch, and 100,000 suckers were planted in Lake Michigan near
Jackson Park.
The shad eggs were all lost on account of the extremely low tempera-
ture of the water (average 42° F.), though some of them showed signs
of life as late as May 13.
On June 29, 20,000 black-spotted trout eggs were received from Lead-
ville and placed on the wire trays and in the gravel trough. The tem-
perature of the water at that time was 64°, and the eggs commenced
hatching two days after they arrived. By July 9 they were all hatched,
with a loss of about 8,000. The fry commenced feeding on July 14,
and were carried with fair success in our troughs, notwithstanding the
high temperature of the water, until, owing to an accident to the
machinery, the Exposition Company was compelled to shut off the
water, which killed most of the fry on hand.
Arrangements had been made for obtaining the supply of quinnat-
salmon eggs from California, and on September 23 a package contain-
ing 50,000 was received in good condition. These were placed in the
Stone salmon baskets and Atkins trough, and were all hatched by
October 7, with a loss of about 29,000. The fry were successfully car-
ried in our rearing troughs until the close of the Exposition, when
19,000, the balance on hand, were shipped by one of the Fish Com-
mission cars to Northville, Mich. A consignment of 54,000 lake-trout
eggs, from Alpena, was received on October 9, and another of 40,000
quinnat-salmon eggs was received on the 19th of the same month from
Clackamas. This latter package arrived in first-class condition. These
eggs were placed in the hatching troughs, where they remained until
the close of the Exposition, when they were shipped to Mr. Frank N.
Clark at the Northville station. In addition to the hatching opera-
tions, several thousand trout furnished from the Northville station
were cared for in our rearing troughs during the summer in the Goy-
ernment building.
182 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
THE AQUARIUM.
The east wing of the Fisheries building was fitted up by the Co-
lumbian Exposition Company for the aquarial exhibit of the Fish
Commission.
The engineering duties in the preparation of this exhibit at first
devolved upon W. B. Bayley, U. S. N., and afterwards upon I. 8. K.
Reeves, U.S. N. The Commissioner personally assisted in the installa-
tion of the live-fish exhibit, having previously determined by experi-
ment the principles of successful management.
In the course of these experiments sea-anemones were kept alive in
an aquarium fitted up with air circulation and with water half artifi-
cial, the aeration having been effected by means of asuccession of fine
jets lowered to the bottom of the tank.
A full report upon this part of the exhibit was published in the Bul-
letin of the Commission for 1893, pages 143 to 190. It will be necessary
only to give here a brief sketch of its main features.
The aquarium was a circular structure of 125 feet in diameter, form-
ing the east annex of the Fisheries building. Upon the completion of
the annex it was turned over to the Fish Commission for the purpose
of making its aquarial display. Tanks of various sizes, made of cement,
slate, glass, and iron, filled all the available exhibition space of the
building. Some of them were large enough to accommodate the largest
fish that could be transported alive. For example, one tank in the
fresh-water series was about 50 feet in length. Nearly one-third of the
tank capacity was devoted to the exhibition of salt-water animals and
plants. The water was brought from the ocean at Morehead City,
N.C., and was stored in a reservoir under the Fisheries building. This
reservoir was 463 feet long, 183 feet wide, and 8$ feet deep. From this
reservoir water was pumped into a pressure tank 30 feet in diameter
and 5 feet deep, located at the top of the Fisheries building. From this
height it was conveyed into the aquarium tanks, after leaving which it
passed through a sand and gravel filter back again into the reservoir.
Rubber pumps for the circulation of the salt water were located under
the Fisheries building and were operated by electricity. All the pipes
and connections with which the salt water came in contact were made
of hard rubber or were lined with that material. About 60,000 gallons
were required for the supply of the tanks.
The fresh water was obtained from the city waterworks, and was
filtered before entering the aquaria. On some occasions during the
Exposition as much as 750,000 gallons of fresh water passed through
the tanks in twenty-four hours.
The salt water was constantly aerated by means of two hydraulic
pumps which delivered the air into a galvanized air cylinder at a pres-
sure of about 7 pounds per square inch. From this cylinder the air
was conducted to the backs of the salt-water aquaria by iron pipes, and
each aquarium received its supply of air by rubber tubing, into which
were inserted plugs of basswood, through which the air was forced.
zaaaaas_—_— 7 —
Report U. S. F.C. 1894
F
OING, WITH OTHER FORMS OF FISH-CULTURAL APPARATUS
FISH-CULTURAL SEC :
L CTION ADA ,
SHAD AND WHITEFISH HATCHING TABLES AND TROUT TROUGHS L
ABLES ANE ROUT AND SALMON S LOOKING FROM SOUTH ENTR a
IN THE BACKGROUND ae
—
= ——_
THE WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 183
Marine fishes and plants were obtained at various localities along
the east and west coasts and the Gulf of Mexico. The fresh-water
supplies were drawn chiefly from the Potomac, Mississippi, and Great
Lake basins, as also from the hatching establishments of the Commis-
sion. A principal object of the exhibit was to show the important food
and game fishes of typical localities, as well as numerous species which
were notable on account of their colors, their forms, and their singular
habits. The kinds of fishes and other forms of animal life shown were
as follows:
[
Species. Number. Species. Number. | Species. Number.
|
Pad dlestishiers sees" 23 || Viviparous perch..--. 8 || Pike perch........--- 300
Bullhead catfish. ...-.-. BAe on oenicnoosonacs 1 || Yellow perch..:..-...- 282
Spotted catfish........ 2, 724 || Dogfish ..-.-.-------- 24 | Wihite;perchy.-5-—---- 196
Carpyees-esesesecweces= 211 || Toadfish ..-...-.-.... 10} ||" Seabass\esceqece esos = 17
"Renchtseeonesecsccces BO PAVGWIVeSeecricce acts as OF #Blackybassmeaaeseeeee 1, 944
Golden tench..-....-.-. 20) Anoel-fisho =~ --- ani 3 || Warmouth bass -.....-. 384
Goldentid@\ess---22-— TOON StINETAY, o 12 2| an re cS
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INVESTIGATIONS OF THE STEAMER ALBATROSS. 241
If the point is to be passed at a distance of 5 miles or less, it may
be found convenient to have the lines on the scale represent half miles
instead of miles. In reading the scale, fractions of a mile are estimated
to tenths to correspond with the divisions of the patent log.
EXAMPLE.
First bearing, 30° from ship’s head (or E).
Second bearing, 65° from ship’s head (or H).
Distance by log between first and second bearings, 8 miles. Set arm
A on 30° for first bearing, and arm B on 65° for the second bearing.
Then, 8 miles, the distance run, equals GH between the arms A
and b.
CG measured on CE or CD equals 12.6 miles, distance of point at
first bearing.
CH measured on CE or CD equals 7 miles, distance of the point at
second bearing.
HI measured on CE or CD equals 3 miles, distance to be run from
second bearing to bring the point abeam.
CI measured on CD equals 6.3 miles, distance the point will be from
the vessel when it is abeam.
The distances CI and HI are those mostly used in practice, but if the
distances CG or CH are required, grasp the arm A at G, or arm B at
H, and swing them to CE or CD and read off the distance from the
scale.
The distance finder in use on board the Albatross was improvised by
Ensign Henry B. Wilson, United States Navy. The scales were marked
in India ink on Irish linen writing paper, which was then glued to a
wooden frame, and finally given several coats of shellac varnish. Sew-
ing silk was used for the arms, which were held in place by an ordinary
elastic band resting in the greove, and a small nail constituted the pivot.
It will be observed that the left quadrant of the semicircle is used
in the description and the example; the right one may be used in like
manner by assuming that the ship’s head is at F. The instrument is
used as though the vessel was at C, steering to EH, on the line CE, but
in reality she was at G when the first bearing was taken, at H at the
time of the second bearing, steering for I, on the line GHI, and the
pivot C is the point on which both bearings were taken.
The distance finder and Table 5A of the new Bowditch Navigator
are constructed on the same principle.
F, R. 94-——16
242
TABLES.
Record of hydrographic soundings by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross for the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1894.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
5, Position. Temperature. Sas
A ae : : =
= Mate Time of | Character of Instru- ag
A i day ol) bottom. Sur-| Bot-|menzt used.) -5 8
3 Lat. N. | Long. W. ra Air, esrevaull Havant, 2
1893. | Cee ee Win Ol Pie harys: OHS FORE OBE. | Lbs.
3240 | Apr. 26 10.00 a.m. | 36 48 15 |121 59 05 | 266 | None obtained.| 58 | 54 |..-... Sigsbee - 35
3241 | Apr. 27| 8.33 a.m. | 37 29 00 |123 01 20; 301 | stfi.gy.M..-..- 54a baie Evie 35
3242 | June 5, 1.15 p.m. | 57 40 00 143 18 00 2,064 ; gy. oz......... 48) | AT |/35.0))---do =. 22- 60
3243 | June 6] 9.01 p.m.| 57 44 00 |150 45 00 BS) | OSE SIE Spaces AGS S45a|eaces “Tanner ..| 25
3244 | June 8} 7.00 p.m.) 56 48 00 152 30 00 STAStiy Mee caer UW ay Bea =SWlOise5 Sc 25
3245 | June 15} 6.10 p.m. | 54 42 00 |160 47 00 COMM plesMerse eee Ai()|\ 24 4u ieee ee BOI ssace 25
3246 | June17 | 8.10 a.m. | 54 56 15 |159 01 00 CEN ishde Saosaac AGW Aylmer s(iKco sss 25
3247 |...do .-.| 8.28 a.m. | 54 56 30 |159 05 20 A) ya setky Gaa- AG) i543!) Peel eet Gly Soo - 25
3248 |...do.-.-.| 8.45 a.m. | 54 56 45 |159 09 00 Ba | iio) Bacocebonc AG! || 435|E ona |ece doeeres 25
3249 |...do...| 9.01 a.m. | 54 57 45 |159 11 00 Bb} |e\velSiecsooccsor AG] eAoh races AGN) Sewioe 25
3250 }..-do-.-.| 9.16 a.m. | 54 58 45 |159 13 45 BE) ish Wet) taosaso| AG SEES IE Sooe||See d0=eees 25
3251 |...do.-..{ 9.52 a.m. | 55 01 30 |159 16 30 ZUR NEES) clntainisia i= ela 416) | £e4 3" (See cea dovea-e- 25
3252 |...do...|10.14 a.m. | 55 02 15 |159 19 00 IU EGE eVotstesesoe AGT 4Silpseers| ese doxser. 25
3253 | June 27 | 6.58 a.m.| 54 04 00 |162 55 00 45} || Sb Centsesongone 48) 146) |-oaee enGOWe sent 25
3254 | July 1 12.03 p.m.| 51 32 00 |175 52 00 | 697 | bk.S.-.....-.. 43 | 48 | 36.6 Sigsbee -. 35
3255 |...do...| 4.24 p.m. | 51 35 40 |176 41 00 62 | ers. gy. x Siiises\p Ei | 083 Iesoo- Tanner - 25
3256 |...do 5.51 p.m. | 51 385 40 |176 46 15 46 | crs. gy.S .-.--. 48 | 48 |--...|..- doses 25
8257 | July 5 | 9.47 a.m. | 51 33 30 |176 50 00 Olisi lo sessoposeces BON Alesse nse doweacer 25
3258 |..-do ---/10.06 a.m. | 51 32 00 |176 49 00 78 | gy.S. Sh soeosse 50M At esate s-UM nsace 25
3259 |-. .do .--/11-23 a.m. | 51 28 00 176 49 00 | 172) gy.S.P..-..... 50 | 47 | 39.4 Sigsbee - 35
3260 |...do -..|12.02 p.m. | 51 24 00 /176 50 00 428 | sy.S.Sh..-.-.. 52a aad S8iGilee edo eeeee 35
3261 | July 6| 6.53 a.m. | 51 19 00 |176 39 00 |1,622 | bk.S.brk.Sh-.| 48 | 44|38.5]...do...-. 35
3262 ;...do---/11.03 a.m. j| 51 11 00 |176 25 00 /2,350 | gy.oz.fne.S- 52144) 1:36: 9)C ed 0 bance 60
3263 |..-do-..| 2.12 p.m. | 51 00 00 |176 04 00 |2,039 | gy.M.S......-. Beet anton een OG Oeer 60
3264 |...do...| 6.27 p.m. | 50 41 00 |175 30 00 |3,323 | gy.M.S..--.-. 49 | 48 | 39.6]...do..-.. 60
3265 |.--do ...|10.24 p.m. | 50 28 00 |175 10 00 |4, 002 | br. oz.--..--.-- 50 490346) ee 36.0 leer 60
3266 | July 7| 2.44 a.m. | 50 16 00 |174 51 00 [3,191 | None obtained.| 50} 48 |---.- eadO) eye 60
3267 |...do...| 6.22 a.m.| 50 03 00 |174 30 00 |2, 802 | gy.oz -.------- 50 497 (3520i|5= a0 One-eee 60
3268 |...do ...)12.23 p.m. | 50 31 00 |173 54 00 |3, 667 | hard .......... 5S AeA OE eeterer|| bers GW Soac 60
3269 |...do -../10.05 p.m. | 50 57 00 |173 06 00 |3, 794 | br.oz.S -...--- 40), ARNE ercl| er domeees 60
3270 | July 8] 3.47 a.m. | 51 23 00 |172 18 00 |2, 320! br.oz.S ....... 50 497 see u3d0)5-25e) 60
3271 |...do...| 9.02a.m. | 51 50 00 |171 38 00 |1,330 | fne.bk.S.-.-... AOU ea Si Preset siiyedess 60
B212\45-00). --1|| 3239p; mi. |15224 100) |1'71 40100) || 250) | rkey, 222225. - 22 48; |) 44q|2 ee Tanner - 25
3273 |--.do...| 4.55 p.m.] 52 31 00 /171 42 00] 320) fne.G..-.....- cot 2a \eosre = OKs Ss56 25
3274 |...do...| 6.44 p.m. | 52 44 00 |171 35 00 OU WW Glistslee eee sk= AGH At esse Sigsbee .. 35
3275 |--.do -..| 7.53 p.m. | 52 54 00 /171 29 00 | 369 | fne. bk.S.G Adal eS Oar WO coat 35
3276 | July 9 /11.06a.m. | 55 04 00 |170 11 00 |1,554 | gn. M.S....... 49 | 46}... Oly 55265 35
3277 |-.-do ..-| 2.57 p.m. | 55 36 00 |170 02 00 {1,626 | gn. M.......... AS pai alee |e dO\osse 35
3278 |-..do...| 6.48 p.m.| 56 06 00 |169 58 00 68 Sayan. Sheasee = 48 | 47|..... 2G ecsoc 35
3279 |...do...; 7.53 p.m. | 56 16 00 |169 57 00 72 | gy.S.bk.Sp...| 48) 47 |..-.- ‘Tanner - 35
3280 |...do..-| 9.46 p.m. | 56 35 00 |169 55 00 BY) | sbi ioe dagoe A) CU b Nesecellic GS) se coc 35
3281 | July 12! 4.20a.m. | 57 18 00 !169 38 00 BO) Lash Silas onesc CON ieee le eae 30072 ---- 25
3282 |-..do-..| 7.01 p.m. | 57 18 00 {172 20 00 O27 nen Nee eee Aga) Ad 3830) (= adore. 25
3283 |...do-.-| 7.37 p.m. | 57 18 00 |172 27 00 625 | Fen. ins feseemce 43)| 44. 1(36.6)|.--dor-..-. 25
3284 |...do 9.53 p.m. | 57 18 00 |172 43 00 UE (C@sssscesadeass 42 | 44 |38.0|...do..-.. 25
3285 |...do 10.35 p.m. | 57 18 00 {172 51 00 (Ooo WB oe Sooe 43 | 44 | 37.0]..-do..--. 25
3286 |...do~../11.38 p.m.) 57 18 00 173 00 00 Gy) ae AE ee Seana ABN Aa 37.0) C 00. aa 25
3287 | July13 |12.22a.m. | 57 18 00 |173 09 00 664 ene as tse AD Ads) Si-O = 200) 2 25
3288 |..-do...| 1.09a.m. | 57 18 00 /173 18 00 HP hid Sees eee Se 42 | 44 | 37.0|...do..... 25
3289 |..-do -..| 1.50a.m. | 57 19 00 /173 27 00 G94) ekyes eee 42| 48 | 37.8|...do..-.- 25
3290 |...do ...| 2.30 a.m. | 57 19 00 /173 36 00 hia eerie aN Bh ae eee Se 42 | 48 | 38.0)...do-..... 25
3291 |..-do ...| 3.12a.m. ; 57 19 09 |173 45 00 Sai inky. 2h ee eee 42| 42 137.8).--do ..... 25
3292 |...do...| 6.J4a.m. | 57 16 00 |173 46 00 78 | gn. M.fne.S 43) 43) 370-9) 5-2do 2 — ee 25
3293 ;..-do...| 7.02a.m. | 57 11 00 |173 42 00 HU (avs a seeruboac AZ AS yO lel ae Ole se ae 25
3294 |...do ...| 8.47a.m. | 57 06 00 |173 42 00 SIL! Give Ssec-sosscc5 43) 43 | 38.0)|.--do,- -=—- 25
3295) |-2- doe ~. |12:37) pp: m-)|/ 156 51 100) 117337 100} S16!) pniMiS .--eee 2 47 | 45 |37.0| Sigsbee..| 35
3296 |..-do . 4.41 p.m.| 56 42 00 |173 18 00 80 | fne.gy.S.rky..| 46 | 46 | 37.7 side SESH 35
3297 |...do 5.30 p.m. | 56 87 00 |173 21 00 80 | fne.gy.S.bk.Sp.| 46] 46 | 37.7]..-do ..-... 35
3298 |...do 6.14 p.m. | 56 32 00 173 24 00 | 797 | yl. MG........ 46 | 46 | 36.2)..-do..... 35
3299 |...do 7.25 p.m. | 56 29 VO |173 19 00 |1,188 Nous obtained.| 47] 46 | 35.5|...do-..... 36
3300 |...do ...10.18 p.m. | 56 30 00 |172 56 00 | fax oisecasesoseec 46 | 45 | 38.0|...do.....| 35
3301 July 14| 2.21a.m. | 56 30 00 |172 25 00 | 100 ee. gy.S.bk.Sp.| 46 | 44 | 38.0 Tanner - 25
3302 | July 17 |11.10 a.m. | 56 07 00 |169 33 00 | 260 | fne.gy.S....-- 49 | 46 | 38.3 Sigsbee .. 35
3303 |...do.../10.47 p.m. | 55 24 00 |168 34 00 | 843 | fne.gy.S.-.--. ASU Aba eeana|see domenne 35
3304 | July 18 | 2.41. a.m. | 55 09 00 |168 11 00 | 809 | fne.gy.S .--... al) Sy bpodlls 2-019. -54a9 35
3305 |...do ...| 5.28 a.m.]| 54 56 00 |167 44 00 | 756 | gn.M. vol.S 50 | 46)-..... Bed Om eace 35
3306 |...do...| 8.42 a.m.| 54 42 00 |167 89 00 | 442 | gn.M ......... BON losecaicas doje aaee 35
3307 | July 28 12.28 p.m.| 57 03 00 |169 54 00 35 | ine. gy.S --.--.< 50 | 44 | 41.9) Tanner 25
3308 |...do...| 5.19 p.m. | 57 03 00 /168 52 00 43) (PY S Meee 50 | 45 | 87.6|...do.-.... 25
3309 |...do.../10.56 p.m. | 57 15 00 |167 4200 | 41 fne.gy.S.....- 45 43 |36.0|...do..... 25
3310 | July 29 | 1.29 a.m.| 57 21 00 |167 05 00 33 | fne. Dk.S.-.--- 45 | 42 |35.0)-..do--... 25
B311 |...do...! 4.04 a.m.’ 57 27 00 ‘166 30 00 38 | fne.S.bk.M...! 45) 42134.8|...do..... 25
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE STEAMER ALBATROSS.
9
od
43
Record of hydrographic soundings by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross for the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1894—Continued.
Se
iS Position. Temperature. Ses
= Time of a Character of | Instru- | 4g
‘a | Date. day. 2 bottom. a. |p, |ment used. e-|
5 Lat.N. |Long.W.| 2 Meira onc ony | 2a
RA whan pa is | airast * | face.| tom ears
1893. ie MUS Nh ei Rie wea Geri OWS) CvB |. URY Lbs.
3312 ee 29 | 9.46 a.m. | 57 38 00 |165 20 00 35 | fne.S. dk. M 45 | 42 | 35.5) Tanner -- 25
3313 |...do - 5.14 p.m. ] 58 13 00 |164 47 00 268|\ fereyaoiecec = 44] 42] 41.4]...do.....| 25
33d -do ...|11.22 p.m. | 58 42 00 |165 30 00 Ze yahoo sce = ae 43 419/418 \)c d0is2 - 25
3315 July 30 | 2.04 a.m. 58 51 00 |166 11 00 21) tne: yee e =e An VAD ALOE does 25
3316 |..-do.-.] 5.00 a.m.| 58 36 00 |166 38 00 25 | fne. gy. S .----- AD 410 AOI a2 2d opscrae. 25
3317 |.-.do-.-.| 8.31 a.m. | 58 22 00 |167 04 00 PAYA Kod hyl arate) aaoeoo 4g 4237. ON --doccs.. 25
3318 |...do---/ 1.16 p.m. | 58 07 00 |167 29 00 36 | on. M.fne.S..-| 45} 42 | 35.5|-..do..... 25
3319 |...do...| 5.50 p.m. | 57 52 00 |167 54 00 38 dk. M. fne.8.. AGH 45eltaleoy|< 42d Olssee = 25
3320 |...do --.|10.27 p.m. | 57 38 00 |168 19 00 36 | fne.gy.S ------ 46) 43 | 36.1 |...do....- 25
3321 | July 31 | 3.22 a.m.| 57 24 00 |168 42 00 41 | gy. S.rky..---- 46 | 44 | 36.8|...do..-.. 25
3322 |...do ...| 6.49 a.m. | 57 10 00 |169 05 00 42 | fhe. gy.S.bk. Pe 46.| 44 | 37.3 |...do--.-. 25
3323 | Aug. 1| 4.44 p.m.| 58 08 30 |169 14 00 38 | dk. M. fne.S - Ae 45 Sle Stic asd O vet. 25
3824 |...do.../10.44 p.m. | 58 45 30 |168 48 00 30 | fne.gy.S.M . 44) 43 | 33-9))..-do--... 25
3325 | Aug. 2| 1.16 a.m.| 59 04 00 |168 34 00 24 | fne.gy.S.bk. Sp ASE) 42) (39 28i-o-d0r cee. 25
3326 |..-do-...) 7.36 a.m. | 59 41 00 |168 06 00 22 | fne.gy.S.Sh -.|/ 42 | 41 | 41.1)-.-do-.... 25
3327 |.--do .-.|10.07 a.m. | 59 55 00 |167 55 00 Be Feels Wocopepoece|| 42) 42 |...- eset 25
tube.
3328 |..-do-..|10.22 a.m.} 59 56 00 |167 54 00 US) | ye isos basco) AQ) 42))-.5..)-. domser. 25
3329 |..-do ...|10.37 a.m. | 59 58 00 |167 53 00 14 | fne. gy.S .....- 42 | 42 |..... jit LO Nesters | eee
3330 |...do .--/11.35 a.m. | 60 00 00 |167 53 00 14 | fne. gy.S .----- AQ) 428 eee fate domeees ees
3331 |.--do --.|11.50 a.m. | 60 01 30 |167 54 00 14 | fne.gy.S...-- 42) 42] poe) ooasn 25
3332 |...do--.|12.05 p.m. | 60 03 00 {167 55 00 14 | fne. gy.S .----- 42 | 42 |.---- eee downass | 25
3333 |..-do ...|12.20 p.m. | 60 05 00 '167 56 00 15 | fne.gy.S-...-.- AOE ABUL GL a: Ole Nh 8s
3334 |..-do ..-.|12.385 p.m. | 60 06 30 |167 57 00 16 | fne. gy. Sescase 42a A420 | eteeerse t= does-—- 25
3335 -do ...|12.50 p.m. | 60 08 00 |167 58 00 To nev eys == 42/| 42 |-----|-.- doves: 25
3336 |.--do --.| 1.05 p.m. | 60 09 30 |167 59 00 15 oo ate 8. pie ohi 420) 427) ese esdorsce a: 25
3337 |..-do ---| 1.20 p.m. | 60 11 00 |168 00 00 16 Cl fais siceescr 42) 42))---.- icles 25
3338 |...do 1.35 p.m. | 60 13 00 168 01 00 16 fe gy.S.bk.Sh| 42} 42 |.--.-- Ose: 25
8339 |-..do ---| 1.50 p.m. | 60 14 30 |168 02 00 16 | fne.gy.S...-.. ADE 49 | fase |e doweceee 25
3340 |...do ...| 2.05 p.m. | 60 16 00 |168 03 00 16 | fne.gy.S.-.--- AG) AR a= ses dores==- 25
3341 |...do ...| 2.20 p.m. | 60 17 30 |168 04 00] 16 | fne. gy. § S rae EN Or eons ad Omeece 25
2342 |...do ...| 2.35 p.m. | 60 19 00 |168 05 00 LGR nen eyes sane ey 28) lee ceae doves... 25
3343 |...do ..-| 2.50 p.m. | 60 21 00 |168 05 00 17 | fne. a & bk-Sh) 43); 437).-..- RE doysaee 25
3344 |...do ..-| 3.05 p.m. | 60 22 00 |168 06 00 16) | Mines ayo. === 43) 43 |.-..-}--- dQ ===. 20
3345 |...do -..| 3.20 p.m. | 60 24 00 |168 07 00 19 |-fne-gy.S.bk.Sh| 43) 43 }---..)-.- dows. 25
3346 |...do ...| 3.35 p.m. | 60 26 00 168 08 00 19 | fne.gy.S....-- ASN F430 eee se OO 25
3347 |...do ...|11.45 p.m. | 60 26 00 |169 54 00 27 | gn. M.fne.8$ - 41 | 41 | 35.3) Tanner 25
3348 | Aug. 3) 3.10 a.m. | 60 24 00 170 48 00 S50 piceN pe jest ee AD SAN 3210)|25 does. -- 25
3349 |..-do .-.| 1.15 p.m. | 59 47 00 |171 08 00 Gi) |) UIE «See cece Sail) 435 (3108) |p Operate 25
3350 |..-do ..-/11.01 p.m. | 58 52 00 170 38 00 405) DoE Ss. 222 er Adal 1445 /30:8i25-C0Nesen. 20
3351 | Aug. 4| 2.39 a.m. | 58 33 00 /170 28 00 42 | Noneobtained | 46 | 43 |-.--.- A022 25
3352 |...do ..-| 6.11 a.m. | 58 15 00 |170 18 00 40 | gn. M.fne.8- 46 | 44 | 35.4]...do-.... 25
3353 | Aug. 5| 4.15 a.m.!| 57 24 00 |170 24 00 37 | fne. i: Si Shi: 47 | 43 | 40.3|.--do ----. 25
3354 |...do -..| 1.53 p.m. | 58 04 00 |171 41 00 SOs nominee aces ASIN (Ae |ate Ailes CON piaroi- 25
3355 --do .../11.29 p.m. | 58 52 00 |172 45 00 idea TeV ee tometer 46) 44 | 35.3 |. sdolee- 25
3356 | Aug. 6 | 2.04 a.m. |} 59 09 00 173 09 00 Sr i) PROM ea ajsse er aba 434|( 34.2 1835 -doKee = 25
3357 |...do -..| 4.42 a.m. | 59 24 00 |173 31 00 Sia) SMM we sie: SS 45nl) (438 aoe iee Goa ae. 25
3358 |...do ..-| 3.46 p.m. | 59 33 00 175 00 00 103) on MVE Cease. 22 51 460 36:2 jo--doe ene. 25
3359 | Aug. 7 |12.02 a.m. | 58 43 00 |176 10 09 7G |): one eee ES 44 | 44]..... Sigsbee .. 35
3360 |..-do -..| 5.02 a.m. | 58 11 00 |176 38 00 |1,744 | on.M.fne.S...] 45 | 44 | 35.5]..-do-.... 35
3361 |.--do ...|10.16 a.m. | 58 01 00 |175 41 00 /1,367 | gn.M.fne.S-.-.) 48, 46 | 35.2|..-do..... 35
3362 |...do -..| 5.10 p.m. | 57 41 00 |174 05 00 fe) oA ee ee oe 49 | 47 | 38.0 |...do -... 35
3363 |..-do -../11.12 p.m. | 57 25 00 |172 50 00 69 | dk.gn.M.fne.S| 47] 45 | 37.8) Tanner 25
3364 | Aug. 8| 4.13 a.m. | 57 08 00 171 38 00 GON | Feu eve ee 475) 450378) 25 - dome... 25
3365 | Aug. 9} 4.21 a.m. | 56 49 00 169 42 00 Se ePnOS So eee ae 46 | 44 | 40.9 |...do 25
3366 |...do ..-.| 1.09 p.m. | 56 37 00 |167 55 00 590} oma eee ae 49 465|/3810) 0 -d0) S225 25
3367 |...do ...| 6.39 p.m. | 56 31 00 |166 43 00 55 | dk. n. Mifne:S-| 48°) 46)| 37.51-.-do .--.- 25
8368 | Aug. 10 |12.18 a.m. | 56 23 00 |165 28 00 48 | on. M.fne.S. 48) 4501/3625, |22 dors. =. a 425
3369 |...do ...| 2.47 a.m. | 56 18 00 164 48 00 49'| ine. gy. S'-:---- 438 450 Sta Ee dora... - 25
3370 |...do 7.10 p.m. | 54 53 15 164 25 40 20 | dk. gy.S.Lava-} 53] 47 |....- ‘Bassnett | 25
tube.
3371 |-.-do ...| 7.20 p.m. | 54 52 00 |164 26 20 17 | dk. gy.S.Lava-| 53] 47 |..-.-.|--- doless.. 25
3372 |...do ...| 7.25 p.m. ! 54 51 30 |164 26 40 ThA Gl Ais apensea sil? yl eee Bd Oveae: 25
3373 |...do ...| 7.30 p.m. | 54 51 00 |164 27 00 Nasik rya ees aise BEY Oca? leon oe ier ovsere: 25
3374 |...do ...| 7.35 p.m. | 54 50 30 |164 27 20 Qiiidkeyas-ce =.= BE We cos ee ee Cee ee 25
3875 | Aug. 17 | 7.13 a.m. | 53 25 00 |167 33 00 430) Dik.S) cheek 47 | 46) 41.8/ Tanner..} 25
3376 |...do ...| 9.21 a.m. | 53 35 00 |167 53 00 BO Get til sow as BT a 47 | 44] 40.3) Sigsbee -. 35
3377 |-.-do ..-| 9.53 a.m. | 53 38 00 |167 59 CO | 407 | fne.gy.S.bk.Sp| 48] 44 | 37.9|...do..... 35
3378 |..-do ...|11.08 a.m. | 53 45 00 |/168 01 30 | 755) gn.M.fne.S.-.| 48] 44 | 36.2|-..do--..- 35
3379 |...do -..|12.10 p.m. | 53 52 00 /168 01 30 | 717 dk.S.fne.G ...| 48] 47|36.5|...do....- 35
3380 |..-do .-.| 1.20 p.m. | 53 56 00 |168 07 00-| 781} bk.vol.S------ 48°} 47 | 36:6 |2. do .---- 35
3881 |..-do .-.| 2.57 p.m. | 54 04 00 |168 14 00 |1, 263 | gy.S.......... 49)})|) (43) 3528/12 doieaec: 35
3382 |...do ...| 7.05 p.m. | 54 30 00 |168 35 00 | 822 | hard....--..... 49; || 47)| 36:4). +.do--..- 35
3383 |...do ...|11.16 p.m. | 54 56 00 /168 56 00 |1, 205 | gy.S.-..-.....- 49746) |to0°9) Gone aee 35
3384 | Aug.18/ 3.20 a.m. | 55 22 00 |169 17 00 |1,187 | gn. M.S ..----- 48] 47 |35.9|...do..... 60
3385 |...do ...| 7.20 a.m. | 55 50 00 |169 24 00 {1,036 | gn. M.S ..-..-- 48) |) 5457) 36:0\|== dose. —- 35
3386 |...do --.| 9.01 a.m.| 55 59 00 |169 27 00 | 341] en.M.crs.bk.S} 49] 471] 38.3]..-do..... 35
3387 }..-do ...110.25 a.m. | 56 09 00 |169 29 00 | 292 | dk.M.......... 49 | 48138.7! Tammer..) 25
244
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Record of hydrographic soundings by the U. S. Irish Commission steamer Albatross for the
jiscal year ending June 30, 1894—Continued.
. el
5 Position. Temperature. 2 eS
| Date Time of 4 Character of Instru- | 43
B ; day. s bottom. _ |Sur-| Bot. |ment used.) -3'
2 Lat. N. | Long. W. a INS as | i
1893. DOIN ee Taree GURY Oey KOMEy Lbs.
3388 | Aug.18 |11.50 a.m. | 56 19 00 |169 32 00 TEs Cys Geseo. ee 49 | 48 |..... Tanner -. 25
3389 |...do ...|10.18 p.m. | 56 47 00 /170 3400 | 57 | dk. M.........- AGN" f48u\ae- SSE ogee: 25
3390 | Aug. 19 |12.39 a.m. | 56 45 00 |171 10 00 63 | fne.gy.S.bk.Sp | 46}. 45 |..---|-.- doles: 25
3391 |...do ...| 2.56 a.m. | 56 42 00 |171 45 00 65 | fhe.gy.S.bk.Sp | 46 AO pine mars = 300 Sere 25
3392 -do 5.19 a.m. | 56 39 00 |172 21 00 TGA Seas eee ee 47 ASU S89) |2= doe. 25
3393 -do ...| 8.02 a.m. | 56 36 00 |172 56 00 S46M! om ee eee 46 | 46 | 38.1 “donee: 25
3394 |...do -../10.47 a.m. | 56 32 00 |173 32 00 /1,631 | bl. M.fne.S.G-.} 47 | 46 | 35.4 ‘Sigsbee 35
3395 -do 3.02 p.m. | 56 29 00 |174 26 00 |1, 787 | crs. bk.S ..--..- 48 | 47 | 35.4 do eicce 35
3396 -do 8.11 p.m. | 56 25 00 |175 35 00 \2, 000 Se fHOs Seu) LT 470 B5.4 Ree dowe. a 60
yk. Sp
3397 | Aug. 20 | 2.11 a.m.| 56 21 00 1176 45 00 |2,049 | gn. M ......... AS (473510) |-do se. =. 60
3398 |...do -.-| 9.45 a.m. | 55 25 00 |176 13 00 |2,055 | gn. M. fne.S Aa!) (ATS oe l= om tee. 60
3399 |...do ..-| 4.21 p.m. | 54 38 00 |175 27 00 |2,041 | gn. M.S -....... 56m), 490 S5al|-esdoeeaa. 60
3400 |..-do -.-/11.18 p.m. | 55 00 00 |174 32 00 |1,996 | gn.M.fne.S.- 48 Aia\S0ra5| 101 sees 60
3401 | Aug. 21| 4.48 a.m. | 55 23 00 |173 38 00 |1,928 | gn. M.fne.S- 480) (47a S5'5i|. dommes 60
3402 |...do .-..|10.04 a.m. | 55 46 00 |172 44 00 |1,833 | gn.M.fne.8- La TASS aise dopeeses 60
3403 |...do .../10.52 p.m. | 56 26 00 |/171 04 00 | 171} gn.M.fne.S SON) P4Gn | eeee Tanner 35
0404 | Aug. 22] 1.07 a.m. | 56 18 00 |170 34 00 69 | gn. M.fne.S.. AON) (460 (392 0) 22 dome =: 25
3405 |..-do 4.09 a.in. | 56 01 00 |170 50 00 | 924} gn. M.ers.S- 48 | 47 | 36.0 Sigsbee 35
3406 |}..-do ..-| 7.16 a.m. | 55 43 OC /171 07 00 }1,647 | gn. M.fne.S.. 49 | 48 | 35.4/- dere 60
3407 |...do 1.46 p.m. | 54 59 00 |171 49 00 |1, 867 | gn. M ......- 49 | 48 | 35.1]..-do..... 60
3408 |...do -.-| 8.03 p.m. | 54 17 00 |172 30 00 |1,932 | gn.M.fne.S 48 | 47). 35.0 |-- do 25... 60
3409 | Aug. 23 | 9.25 a.m. | 53 48 00 /173 11 00 |1,948 | br. M.dk.S.... HOM ASsoul Pe dovele ~. 60
3410 |..-do ...| 4.25 p.m.} 53 29 00 {171 51 00 |1,429 } gn. M.bk.S..-.| 50] 48 | 35.2|..-do-_-.. 60
3411 |._ do -._'10.25 Peni. 3.09 OONL70rsl 00s O27 SD kensteniaee eset 50M ASepsors. eed Ome 60
3412 | Aug. 24) 9.00 a.m. | 53 38 00 /170 89 00 /1,171 | bk.S.C.--..--- ASU) VATA ee see |e aomeeee 60
3413 |...do -..| 5.48 p.m. | 54 08 00 /170 47 00 /1,053 | gn. M. fne.S AON C48 eer alerts do Brees 60
3414 | Aug.31| 9.01 a.m. | 54 13 00 |165 58 00 42 | dk. gy.S...--.. 51 | 46 | 44.6| Tanner 25
3415 |...do -..| 9.48 a.m. | 54 10 00 |165 54 CO AQ AKI ye Stocco BIN (AGN ALOE. domes 25
3416 |_..do 10.46 a.m. | 54 07 00 /165 51 00 38 | bk. M.fne.S Bal AT A5r0i-dovscsss 25
3417 |...do .-.| 1.56 p.m. | 54 18 00 |165 41 00 45) G. brkoshee 2: SIR) (4604529) 2 doeeess 25
3418 |...do ...| 3.49 p.m. | 54 26 00 |165 28 00 84)) Goers. DKS —24) 50)F 467), 41-5) 0 - -do S222 25
3419 -do 5.52 p.m. | 54 14 00 |165 33 00 23 | Ine. gy.S ---.-- DON ea Wall eererers Bassnett 25
tube.
3420 |...do 5.57 p.m. | 54 13 45 |165 33 30 23 || Mere ye Scenes BBY |, 280 eneoslinse ClOSeccee 25
3421 |_..do 6.03 p.m. | 54 13 30 |165 34 00 28 | fne.gy.S..-.-. Bom ATi Car oretol siete Corse: 25
3422 |...do 6.09 p.m. ; 54 13 15 |165 34 3 25 | fne.gy.S.bk. as BN) CN eGasalace domrees 25
3423 |...do | 6.15 p.m. | 54 13 00 |165 35 00 26 | fne. gy.5.S OOM FAT ce oele domsce, 25
3424 | Sept. 1] 7.54 a.m. | 54 36 00 |165 27 00 | 113 | bk.S.G@ -...... 50 | 46 | 39.0} Tanner 25
3425 |..-do ...| 2.17 p.m. | 55 12 00 |166 36 00 ul W(Grdil So soscsae. Ua)}|) (49)i/:8929)/= 50) Gece 25
3426 |...do -..) 9.28 p.m. | 55 47 00 |167 53 00 78, inenk Sees 49 | 47 | 38.8)...do-.-.- 25
3427 |...do 11.30 p.m. | 55 59 00 |168 19 00 19) neve yen sea ee 49 AGW 3980)|2 = 5d eee =s 25
3428 | Sept. 2 | 1.37 a.m. | 56 11 00 |168 45 00 971) fnendikejSsct2 2e 489) 463910) A doyaseee 25
3429 |...do 5.03 a.m. | 56 22 00 |169 09 00 fe CLSAS. Gr scree ce AQ) (474400) 22200 seee- 25
3429a ...do 9.33 a.m. | 56 28 00 |170 04 00 615) on IMefine nse 2.|) e4ON |) 147i 8Ors =a. O meee 25
3430 |...do.-.| 2.36 p.m. | 56 55 00 |170 18 00 47 | gn. M. fne. 8. 49 | 46 | 40.6)...do..... 25
3431 | Sept. 3 11.48 a.m. | 56 48 00 |169 26 00 49)h| omenMaee oe ees AT? (45u1 39.0) CO eee. 25
3432 | Sept. 8 | 7.28 a.m. | 54 01 30 |166 23 00 AQ icpsn Gy =e eeaie BE ae eb ce ait oe 25
3433 |...do 7.54 a.m. | 54 05 00 {166 18 00 AON 1; avatar eters tas 52 Af) 4352) |2osdO creer 25
3434 |_..do 8.39 a.m. | 54 09 00 |166 15 00 54 |G. brk.Sh:..-- 52)| 45) 42.5)-..do -... 25
3435 |..-do | 9.14 a.m. | 54 12 00 |166 09 00 DTM aChaka Gre yale re tin cle Ola oN 42a S do ee 25
3436 -do -../10.46 a.m. | 54 16 40 165 50 00 49) dkigyos) osso26 51 450), 44.0) | do Baeee 25
3437 -do.../12.00 m.j) 54 18 00 |165 40 00 50 | gy.S. brk. Sh - 57 46 | 43.0]..-do -..-- 25
3438 |...do 12.27 p.m. | 54 15 30 |165 32 00 51 ee S.brk. | 57] 46 | 42.9|...do ..... 25
oh.
3439 | Sept. 9} 7.56 a.m. | 54 27 00 163 55 00 | 52 ine: gy. S. bk. | 52] 481 46.5 AC ase 25
Sp.
3440 |..-do 10.02 a.m. | 54 32 00 |163 31 00 Ban tb esissa| Goueverettatete 5D) A8s AAtONee dosaceee 25
3441 -do 10.54 a.m. | 54 33 00 |163 19 00 Gib. Geeecscecee 55 48° | 42.8)... -do --..- 25
3442 -do 12.50 p.m. | 54 39 00 |163 05 00 35 | InesGwbrke'Sh.| 535)" 474 45/622 do S22. 25
3443 - do 1.11 p.m. | 54 40 00 163 03 00 SY Wien lraie Sis sce Beste Zip asaos edOlseaee 25
3444 |...do 1.47 p.m. | 54 44 00 162 56 00 AO ers yeerectecertoerat Done Avie te “Bassnett 25
tube.
3445 |...do-..| 2.10 p.m. | 54 46 00 /162 52 00 30) hers di Siseeaeee ee) eBags GO Fhe 25
3440 |...do-..| 2.40 p.m. | 54 48 00 |162 50 00 Son) DK SS aaa aae see DL Ge AST Besa. © do Sree. 25
3447 |..-do.-.| 3.19 p.m. | 54 51 00 |162 43 00 230) TEs eee easter se ae) So elhee koe Shes 25
3448 |...do-.-.| 3.35 p.m. | 54 52 00 |162 41 00 bal bribe sess 51. CN a pease eee do\fsere 25
3449 |...do-..| 3.47 p.m. | 54 53 00 |162 39 00 LSM eGc rican Dhar sa La AO etee tes | ere kee oae 25
3450 |...do...| 3.58 p.m.) 54 53 30 |162 38 00 TS iG E kes Wee ae DLS AOR eeeorese Go: S31 25
3451 |...do...) 4.08 p.m. | 54 54 00 |162 37 00 LON bE Ss Dr Shey ib We A On ee ele ae doweser 25
3452 | Sept. 11 | 8.48 a.m. | 55 12 30 |161 53 00 22) || Dic Saduie serrate 52 CS eae rete dye aaaa 25
3453 |...do -..10.43 a.m. | 55 18 00 |161 18 00 S2 aM Seeeneeet ae Be i) AOUGS. C/o. GOs soe 25
3454 |...do ...)11.41 a.m. | 55 19 00 |161 03 00 28 cas. Grs]opel ig | tery |) 28) ee Soclhe GO} seemr 25
3455 -do 12.43 p.m. | 55 25 30 |160 54 00 BIG toye Sup Ke SDisee|| went) end Oiler tere |ereye do!) ese 25
3456 -do .--|12.58 p.m. | 55 24 30 |160 49 30 20M Obit Seeeaeae Deal SON) oeeeeone do sees 25
3457 -do ...| 1.19 p.m. ! 55 25 00 1160 45 00 42.) fne. bk. §-....- 53. tll) BO elec steio LO) anata 25
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE STEAMER ALBATROSS.
245
Record of hydrographic soundings by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross for the
Jiseal year ending June 30, 1894—Continued.
. SH
Ss Position. Temperature. as
Bs Time of di Character of |. Instru- | 44
cI Date. day. Oe: bottom. |Sur-| Bot- | ment used. wa
3 Lat. N. |Long. W. ras Air Pave: |toin: =
1893. piel aes O alone eR)! OST hOniars dO: JB |Lbs.
3458 | Sept.11| 1.30 p.m. | 55 26 00 /160 41 00 36nl brian Shrs.= essa: GBA boa Coullgeesce Bassnett | 25
3459 |...do --.| 1.44 p.m. | 55 28 00 |160 37 00 Alle | hd icois Neco go)| 249 goes tube. 25
3460 |...do ...| 1.50 p.m. | 55 29 00 |160 35 00 TON Gs briciShiso.- Plier Hohl asm es ACG Vay See 25
3461 |...do ...| 2.01 p.m. | 55 30 00 /160 34 30 133 Dkeisisheessce- 52 AB) |. eee SOit 2227 25
3462 |..-do ...| 2.08 p.m.| 55 31 00 |160 35 00 27 | fne. bk. S. Sh 52/48) |oee edOueeeee 25
3463 |..-do ..-) 2.14.p.m.]} 55 32 00 |160 35 00 SL} fine: bk. S)-5 B2M|l ABs 2) AGI! Sosoe 25
3464 |...do .-.| 2.21 p.m. | 55 83 00 |160 35 00 SOI ke Steeeclee ee ae Bau e428 ees lees doe sees 25
3465 |...do ..-} 2.28 p.m. | 55 34 00 |160 35 00 Bis} IlMeAvaisnis lose cces S2u| 448) ose... o8 dom ee 25
3466 |...do -..| 2.35 p.m. | 55 35 00 |160 35 00 42 I Sse de sane 52 0a aoweeoae Comes 20
3467 |..-do ...; 2.40 p.m. | 55 35 30 |160 35 00 31, |) DEeISs Shee cees 52 e asosel eer Oley Sesec 25.
3468 |..-do ...| 2.43 p.m. | 55 36 00 |160 35 00 265) Diop species etek OZ 40 eres ee Oe omer 25
3469 | Sept. 14 | 8.09 a.m. | 57 14 00 |151 52 00 46 | gy.S. brk, Sh co ne ene Tanner ..| 25
3470 |-..do -.-| 5.56 p.m. | 57 24 00 /149 33 00 | 938] rky............ 48 | 47 | 86.1] Sigsbee..| 35
3471 |..-do ---| 8.06 p.m. | 57 21 00 |149 11 00 |1, 427 | bl. M.S........ S95 47 WiSou dO eae 60
3472 |...do --.|10.52 p.m. |] 57 18 00 /148 38 00 |1,961 | br. M. fne. S.- 50 | 48 | 35.1 ]..-do..... 60
3473 | Sept. 15 | 1.53 a.m. | 57 14 00 |148 06 80 |2, 741 |} br. M.....-.... SO} |k 24:74) 3520) } > =e 60
3475 |-..do --.} 9.20 a.m. | 57 11 00 /146 41 00 /2,320 | gy.Oz......... OMe polu|sor0) | sas Ormeeee 60
3476 |..-do -../ 1.10 p.m.} 57 15 00 |145 52 00 \2; 100) | py OZ ceneoe ce 56 OL 34/6) |. do cence 69
3477 |..-do --.| 4.50 p.m. | 57 18 00 |145 05 00 |2,149 | gy.Oz..-....-.. 59 52 soled ones se 60
3478 |...do ...| 8.44 p.m. | 57 20 00 |144 17 00 |2,119 | gy.Oz......... Sa} gol soul |) dom sen 60
3479 | Sept. 16 12.26 a.m. | 57 20 00 |143 27 00 |2,099 | gy.Oz_........ Sey) ol sp ole Sado =a OO
3480 |...do ...| 4.35 a.m. | 57 17 00 |142 28 00 |2,034 | gy.Oz........- Day ola soul dom = see 60
3481 |.-.do ...; 8.40 a.m. | 57 12 00 /141 31 00 |1,946 | It. br.Oz._-.--- Dor | O2h Boe sda. ote 60
3482 |..-do ...| 1.02 p.m. | 57 09 30 {140 37 00 |1, 826 | 1t. br. Oz....-.- 58) || 54) 35-152 -do =. 255 60
8483! |<. do -.2) 5:05 p.m. | 57 09:00)/139 88 00 |1, 868 | br: Oz -.......- 59 Bysi |LAV) | Geta (ay Sel, 60
3484 |..-do -..| 9.12 p.m. | 57 07 00 /138 40 00 |1, 724 | br.andgy.Oz..| 541 58 | 35.1|...do.._.. 60
3485 | Sept.17 | 1.25 a.m.| 57 04 00 |187 43 00 1,553 | gy.Oz.-....... Gaye wel elily se aCKsy sense 60
8486 }...do -..| 5.28 a.m. | 57 01 00 |136 46 00 |1,270 | br. M--........ Dol) poem ode Wea Ones 2 = 60
3487 |-.-do -..| 7.44 a.m. | 57 00 00 |186 12 30 | 756 | gn. M.S....... OO Oem oosOnl aes ChOmee mae 35
8488 |..-do ...| 9.43 a.m. | 56 58 40 |135 47 30 | Dow bree se Heese as 55 | 54 | 45.0) Tanner 25
' \
Position. Temperature.
Serial Time of ; | Character of
No. BESS day.sal | Paiee farmers! = canoce Sanlincy PES
Lat. N. | Long. E a Air. Rael tone
1894. on wo F i |Funs.
Hy. 3490 | June 6 | 9.00 p.m. | 52 46 30 175 27 00 |2,237 | Nospecimen| 44 | 40|.....
Hy. 3491 | June 7} 5.06 a.m. | 52 41 30 |176 24 00 |2,107 | br.M.fne.S.| 40] 39 | 3.50
Dr. 3598 | June 8 | 3.18 p.m. | 52 01 00 |177 34 00 84) | bk Greceasce 48: |i 40) |oan ore Beam-trawl.
Dr. 3599 June 9 10.49 a.m. | 52 05 00 a 00 55 | rky.fme.S.Shj 43 | 42 ]|..... Do.
est.
Dr. 3600 | June 26} 3.41 p.m. | 55 06 00 |163 28 00 9 | fne.dk.vol.S} 43] 41 | 40.0) Beam-trawl.
Hy. 3492 | June 29| 1.08 p.m. | 57 59 00 /166 04 00 Bea aisimebaece 44 | 38 | 33.0| Fished.
Hy. 3493 |...do...| 4.16 p.m. | 58 06 00 |165 22 00 26) bNey Syn See=e|) 40M) B80) a0e0 Do.
Hy. 3494 |...do.../11.55 p.m. | 58 24 00 |163 38 00 21 | fne.gy.S.--.} 40 | 37 | 34.5
Hy. 3495 | June30| 7.36 a.m. | 57 28 00 |163 14 00 27 | ine. gy..8---.| 388) 38} 34.0 Do.
Hy. 3496 |...do .../12.03 p.m. | 56 59 00 [163 02 00| 34 | fne.gy.S.-.-| 42} 40 | 32.0 Do.
Hy. 3497 |...do...| 3.24 p.m. | 56 59 00 /163 48 00 37 | fne.gy.S..-.) 42] 40 | 34.3 Do.
Hy. 3498 |...do...| 9.34 p.m. | 56 58 00 |165 15 00 441.) pm Mi cece 41 | 38 | 34.0
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES
246
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247
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE STEAMER ALBATROSS.
‘Lat | 80 g sas dgiq°S 43 | SF L‘0F | Sh | 8F 00 LT GOT} 00 Te 9¢ | ‘wd tes |---- Op =") Toce
Syne tae | /AR0 e dg a's a8 90 €P L‘07 | ct | LP | 00 06 691] 00 OF 9¢ | ‘dOTT |--~° Op -*| o9gE
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an fer van ay ese ae ANNE er ae es dg ‘34° | 9% ch | cr | sr | 00 Fo O2L| 00 FO LG | ‘ard erp |°-°* Op--"| LocE
“od CT mart lhe zane MAQCMN | F "77" G ous WW ‘US | 6F Tr | 97 | 67 | 00 €& OLT| 08 LG 9¢ | ‘md Tee |°--- Op" ogee
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“207 MOFJ OOBJIUS
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REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
248
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249
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE STEAMER ALBATROSS.
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REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
250
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REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
252
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‘PONUIYUON—sso.yyg PY Lawpazs worssnUumo”n YsLT ‘SQ 247 fosuonynis burysyl fo pooay
258
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE STEAMER ALBATROSS.
|
eee oe ek earn Wetead est hee tre set SUIONE 08 sei 1222 ser cee Gpprnees Aa ON G2 || UB ee s‘AS ous | gp = e9T | 6G «= gg | ‘wd Fag |°--- Op’ *-| peFE A
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766 | 0 | 62 |6 | I |
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“‘ponulqyuoj—sso.ynq) py Maunajs uoissnmuog ysuT ‘s'Q ay, fo suoyn;s burysil fo paooaay
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
254
“SUIT
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255
THE STEAMER ALBATROSS.
INVESTIGATIONS OF
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“== Op: -“\eaGe oc seaeaos scat psedagad)|toontiqons so 4udeoacscaoe
2| Bay of Waterfalls, 52 HE eee a cioc|bosteo decsel|>paussoesoco|/soonceuacoaa|joscososenace
Adak Island.
FROM BAY OF WATERFALLS, ADAK ISLAND,
July 5 | 51 23 00 | 176 49 00 49 JIB Ne sR eB ae cl|aosaooEesE aor aococs=ss4||-esercaes-sa Bow s-cce
6 | 51 09 00 | 176 19 00 50 Ap, | S88 SES = Say Nese | Sees) Se ie oio ail eicjatelache Ree eee eee
7 | 50 21 00 | 174 02 00 51 BOT ieererel=ie re DUN GOE cee Sollp-Socsuacssaieesnce sdodoulletoedeseuls
8 | 52 06 00 | 171 45 00 47 HEN Saeecoce AWA lon ae oneobes lsseeneosecacllsecoroschacs
ers.
9 | 55 06 00 | 170 10 00 47 945) three eh Ww) <5 58 | San Sao tee ae) saa te coisete See misono
10 | St. Paul Island, Ai!) — e4ily Miamyy sae ase ceieicee G6) abe os se ele ae sneerseise
Pribilofs. | many
FROM ST. PAUL ISLAND, ON CRUISE IN BERING
July 11 | St. George Island, 45 A) Wem ye cesar ) 5717 00! |) 171 10 00 43 430} yNines 2.2 OnOY 2 2 loners: | eats a cetera eee
13 | 56 56 00 | 173 40 00 44 44: | (Rufteen.,|; Bourteenss |Ga-5a-5-.2-4|-<- 552 sceeee|heceeeeer ee
14 | 56 34 00 | 171 18 00 47 AD) | eBiwyemitiye = semis ! “threes. as. |2a sess
3 | 56 48 00 | 169 26 00 47 45 | Miamyss cleo ciciereeineier eciseine misiotaere
4 | 54 00 00 | 166 33 00 48 AG) PS Yeon sa| BARS fro as Se aoe Sees
5 | Duteh Harbor, 50 AD ila sero | Seen cee eee eae ees
Unalaska Island.
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE
observed from deck of Albatross at sea—Continued.
ON CRUISE IN BERING SEA—Cortinued.
STEAMER ALBATROSS.
263
Gulls. | Gonies. ere Petrels. | Puftins. | Terns. meg Kelp.
[eWay sata tsa nleorn a's Great | Several .| Many...| Many-..|...-......|----.----
many.
IEheaog lOSeaeHeeee Many...| Many...) Many..-| Few ..-..|---------- lecsedenee
Few ..-.| One....- 1G\Aresd| Eases) LAGh 0S Soe |bosoeagouc econo asere |Raceceaus
Many...) Few .-...| Few....| Many...| Few ....| Many...|....--.--- Mach
IE ioseclpscodnease| boSsecosed b-duoSseed pasopoecou |e sacnococd lsosocouerc eoousmcrs
| Many Several -| Several .| Few .--.| Many IRE gecdloosoo Seance Much
Many..-| Few ..-.| Great | Several .| Many-..-|.-..------|---------- Much
many
iiirrgnnling Ms el tig clit = | owe. (ce coca lteezee od |cnoe eos.
Few ..--| Several -| Several .| Many Several .!..........| Little...| Much
Many Qnesesale sects. SEGie on bene cee ene bedsacouod locdaccoors oocorsoec
species;
many.
Many Meir seed) Wen eked | ehh 7e eal) Vine seleard se seoslooocoueeed acaasn ccs
Bes aria nee eee oer aie sisiniciserialate SEALS! DN) aosoel boeneeacos eocneceEed seccosse
poncdnsene BOW ee ceca iia <= || LANLY,; IMGs codloconcoaood|cosoccnece|| WEn@llsc
Se edsee esas Sse 7 gael UWenpeceel leh tecballonsece saad adancoces)| a Gnesi
IRN, ee oll Soepeceed boos scopes Saooboeend jpusoeoocaol bedeceaonn GoteoenD cdl aoonceecr
Many--.-) Many Many...| Many Many 2-1 Miamyaee|-sccmn- = -\- Much
Several .| Few ..-.| Few ....| Few ....| Few .-..|----------|---------- Much
Mam Yoo) o) oa cnine an Many Many...| Many-.-| Several -|.--.----..|-:-------
Few ..-.| Few ....| Few ....| Few IGF Sobel Pooaeoceasl osdccnbcé|\acoochase
Few ....| Few ---.| Few ....| Few ....| Few ...-|.---------|------ --- Little
ING oocel ase seabed |coosessecd bocsecoos¢|jeoc dos 50d boner Seca lo coco S| acnec eat
Remarks.
Many seals near St.
Paul Island,
One goose.
One white gony.
Saw one seal off
Akutan Pass.
Large school of
whales feeding
off Unimak Pass,
accompanied by
large flocks of
whale birds.
Few Aleutian sand-
pipers.
--, Many phalaropes.
..| Several pieces of
| driftwood seen in
morning watch; 2
snipe seen in fore-
noon.
Many phalaropes.
Swallow flew on
board.
One white gony.
| Several porpoises
| in Unimak Pass.
| Several hawks
and white gonies.
Many whales, ac-
companied by
large flocks of
birds, in Unimak
Pass.
Land hawk rested
in rigging.
Many seals seen
near Pribilofs.
Many phala-
ropes.
Many _ seals near
St. Paul Island.
Few phalaropes.
264
REPORT OF
COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Record of animal life, driftwood, kelp, etc.,
FROM DUTCH HARBOR, UNALASKA
Mean tem-
Meridian positions. Beralares:
Date Wael iSeals. a) whalesape eee Cor- Ducks
; 7 Her - . auks. morants. ‘ :
Latitude | Longitude A0r. | sur-
north. west. face.
|
1893. le} / i fo} i Wt io} io}
Sept. 8 | 54 18 00 | 165 39 00 53 AGii Seas eles Onets2- tee |seee er estees smarter eee Few ....--
9 | 54 387 00 | 163 16 00 sal 47
10 | Bailey Harbor, 54 51
Alaska Peninsula
11 | 55 20 00 | 161 01 00 51 AQ 0 ae nies MWiOl 22 22\| don sk coSaccloscbeeeeceee leeeaeee eee
12| Portage Bay, 50 BO Ss ae ee cal cee seb steal ise ceeee some Many....- Several ...
Alaska Peninsula.
13 | 55 37 00 | 155 38 00 50 AB Rea sicieies Several. 22: cecerecoseime | eietins occ enone eames
14 | 57 20 00 | 150 57 00 48 AT ene sets Several tan ieecte seen | Seater eee eee
15 | 57 15 00 } 146 05 00 55 hl BER Rees SEES Car cco| bossa pocason SoS UDSanOAS Sos sqnasss.
16 | 57 11 00 | 140 49 00 56 Ge eee BSAA oor DOGtnS Senos docooabesonbesarGroscca
Sept. 17 | Sitka Harbor, SE. 53 Dial eeeeceeree TWO t Soe 8 sacsies oe ome lh cineieia Swe ioele) Cemineearmeniens
Alaska.
FROM SITKA, SOUTHEAST ALASKA, TO
Sepi@eiSitkas Harbor’ SE. 56.) (51 | 2.20.2) Sos 53 enol este: oot | na nde eee eee
Alaska. | |
19 | 5418 00 | 13838 55 00 | 60 GBM baeqoasco | TWO: b= oS Settanise Oo see ec ete SoCo eee
20 | 51 37 00 | 131 03 00 | 59 Di Ren Rees WENA 6s5 loco seesoqoss|ocospoacu sue Many.- =<:
21 | 50 29 00 | 126 15 00| 54 7 eS (eee en ee ee ee et sesc Many..---
22 | Union Bay, Baynes 54 By el epeoeee jlsssvera Rare ats hal tharerdiatere wim ercretell A oreiaiencyereiereic | einer eee
Sound, British
Columbia.
23 | 49 23 00 | 124 18 00 61 Ba ies Soot c| Sea aes cow iotel Metis ee corre OSs ee tee Re een
24 | Port Townsend, 61 GHIA ee Ses ee eee Bead seoscconeaed pun sosaseced|saccodneccce
Wash.
FROM PORT TOWNSEND, WASH., TO
Sept. 26 | 48 10 00 | 123 20 00 54 Bil Mie Ss sie ape ings Se cial lie exter eee [Seen cee miere tee ete eta eats
27 | 46 04 00 | 124 58 21 57 Go) leemos boos IN Byes ooo Seen oopopaes||Soooodoceiccal|y=>San5ecqse
28 | 42 39 00 | 124 39 30 56 GY Be hers es a OTe. Seis Ses an ee ore cayemtere eel Besa sapere
29 } 39 11 00 | 124 03 00 61 LS i epee eae ta ers asl errata 9s) [anit See Sl SS Cs yn
30 | Raccoon Straits, 64 5B 1] Saves cyctere te | actos seco ee cel elec eros ee noe reine eal eerie
San Francisco
Bay.
Oct. Navy-Yard, Mare 68 62 isis cwitictell eeeroeceeteicya eve ike Bae eae cata elce ase rate eters
Isiand, Cal.
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE STEAMER ALBATROSS. 265
observed from deck of Albatross at sea—Continued,
ISLAND, TO SITKA, SOUTHEAST ALASKA.
|
Guus. Gonies. auc Petrels. | Puftins. | Terns. ae Kelp. Remarks.
IM adealeasoncdone Several -| Many-..| Several -/..........|------.-.. Much..| Small school of por-
oises in Akun
Jove; also few
snipe and geese.
Many...| Several .| Many-..-| Many...) Many..-|........-.|---.--.--- Much..| One white gony.
Wipiayses|sAaeasaaual\aseopeeeAs Wee eoel| SE PRBoa| UE ih ae be asconosdcoccoosse
SHH] ROR AS ebed conppcescal) SEGHAUE Ee ecssecec eG Weetins pases sees somes
INI ogee see oe onion Bet eeemeee Vay ec ioe lepomer sec Manyera|ot oo: Jette nese ce Few geese at Port-
age Bay.
SER Itch esad Bat Bop dess Ml ys -c|seca5ke ped poedncesae Gepsacoonclldsmbacone Large flock of whale
birds in company
with school of
whales.
IE gos dadangamedlibsanodsoce Misiniyee ells as oletelsvers |e winrerocistorae Some ...} Much..
SES Ec pASD boRaua bmn HO wre einr | POON CL Alte tea aerators | leo eieictorere ol eleietnltoreretnlai| stm c\wicleielol=
Satay miah'e, safe 1b ceo hee soseed SOV Galles Sesdenaoscooseas|peccaran ad poaoosnc
SeeSaane5e | LEG? oan bSoneoasdd lsnboude dod ki ten Goce lbbdcuccods| lcceccouged sondedace
PORT TOWNSEND, WASH.
SEN@HETL |) IMENT Coc bosedcpsss| pecuccomec socancaood jsoesocenar Little...) Little..| Several geese in
| Sitka Harbor.
peverale | Severaliascccsa25 2c) ence ta< Many...| Few ....| Little...} Much..
Several-|) Many...) One-.---}.---.-- <2 Many...|.....----.| Little...) Much..| Land hawk perched
in rigging.
IW EN all JS OMe wl UE oe Seeeenes| Boeoaee sod concen soon eaSse acer | Much...) Little..; Porpoise in Sey-
mour Narrows.
VE ara yore eam ye opal erate wie o!s/aita| 'steielate exm)= atel|(clcieisieinteierels|is.c'sle' aol |bsoscecas. Many.-.| Much...| Much..
LOE oe Ag) eonececces Sace sence becosoused |ssccest ase | Many..-| Much...) Much..
MibhyAalbcpseoceen||scod-acce lye sa acoseersan Many.-.| Much...| Much..
Memes EARS ohooc|escoeeco=s Many Many =|) Many. <<) seeecc.--|=--r0- 00: Immense flocks of
sea fowl follow-
ing whales and
feeding on sur-
face life.
SHEN cletenl| sraiatal= AggBd |noncocBean Tahirs cooleocanqcoodlcansandenqd|occuecaaae eaadonees Four hawks.
ScD Adam JAE AE SOE recesecdaal ld tehdecad bsedeasoce lGneceser ce Be acesamee bm rrmces
saa S505055 Sere SS8— < S85 5441) Sener Al (mes. S44 becenosane bdocaseeaclbeasopass
Few ..-.| Several .| Several -| Several .| Few ....|---------.|...------- eeeee ane
Several.) Several -| Many-.-| Many-...| Several .|-..--..-.-|.....-....|-........
Many..-.| Few -.-.| Many...| Many...) Many-..| Few ....|.--...-..- Little
INN PA sais looobeecoss ladcacadd S45 Sodesaseael MEseenodes|Sse5eSancn sacs sneud lsooutodae
ATTU ISLAND, AND RETURN TO DUTCH HARBOR.
Miami yee |qs-j\aain Mianiy, =| Miami: -= |p Mam y= oll a ceteria|sinisis ae .cisies Little..| Few porpoises.
Wii soe BS Sesnco5 Many- 2) Many). Mew se-c|M@h@w ses-|2e--c8 so2 [Eeslecerstee
Several _| 1 white.) Many...) Many...| Many-.-|.....-..-- lonenasocesessceeeae Several species of
petrels.
Many-.-.| Several .| Many...| Many...) Many.-.|.--.-..... Socnsedsad| Much.-.) Many jigers; many
geese.
1M hy Eee eee Many ING) Gene | eh Sen| Banh aeadiclsiosoe- sacs | Much..| Several jaigers;
many geese.
WWilthonaselleaeccog sae Many REN Aoome)| MEN Neon eoectoccoellbaoocn code | Much.. Do.
Wilh elSnacosoeee Severals|| Severalle | Mani 2=|2 2st se re)ale wile winiste/ =o + Much..| Few snipe.
LEN toc cHlendianstiodsSenogpacor|lbadccos soo pcxeoccdss Secceec roc scons soos4| Little. -
Several -| l-white -)| Several -| Several .|......-..:/.......--.|-.-.-----.| Little..
How eeec Howie es) Mian y a. Miam ye.) Mamiya ome ae oe = Poe a reeiei< «re | Much..| Immense flocks of
sea towl follow-
ing large school
of whales, feed-
ing ov surface,
Severallc|iccsc sancelscolsccoae Many-ce|’ Manyiac-|ssa-22s25|se5-00= as | Much..) Many geese.
Few ....| Few ..-.| Many-...| Many Mam yirsa| ase seac| sane senee Much..
Severales|p sence =~ SOVOLalehs ase aclws - EO Wise sinfemsciecis aes (isle aeesisi= | Little-.-
ATKA ISLAND, AND RETURN TO DUTCH HARBOR.
Ii esso | Ith ae seal) Wh aes absense S| ERE oene no lnococonode | Beoeseccee | Little
INeiineSadleesoasoner, Many..-| Several .| ‘Several <|-.-....--<|.---a-.--- Iotesimiereeiate
Few ----| 2 white -| Many Miamiy es. = MMAM WSs. |-o Seon eee) Much..| Several porpoises.
Few ....| 2 white .| Many Several liNeveralett ose actacm|tastoaestias foeece se
Several .| 1 white .| Many...|.........-. Mian isn alas Fe acctes| asians <.s'0 Much..
=scscssnse 2 white .| Many Several | Several -).---.---.-|..-.......|| Little-.
SINGLE SG odomncbad aodcaudosd| Fcoocs bea jodsosacess) Gan cucenad bbaacaecer Little-.
PORTION OF BERING SEA
, AND RETURN TO DUTCH HARBOR.
|
| Several -
Many... Grt.many
WET 25 eae bce Grt.many
Sevyorall:|(:.-255.-2: | Many...
Sees Sodaallessaendece Several -
sottsecsos Eoscecaosd) Milne
Many...| Many... Grt.many
MO Wiis 22-loes ciscie ass | Several -
Sater neni earl sacmes Several .
Oneseas.|-ceas cece Hew sce
WER oo S| aoeoeen 55 | Several -
Many.-.-| Many...) Several -
Many...| Many.-.} Several -
PeyGiell cl Se nasa heck
“Many...|..........| Many...
Bow vce clca see: | Hew <2.
DiS AEM aT eee Ober yas
Some ..
lretia cede cc Little...
| Several species of
petrels.
Great many geese.
Much floating ice.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
268
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REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF
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3.—DESCRIPTION OF A CLOSING TOW-NET, FOR SUBMARINE
USE AT ALL DEPTHS.
By C. H. TOWNSEND,
Assistant, United States Fish Commission.
Recent experiments with closing tow-nets in submarine explorations
have yielded so much accurate information concerning the vertical range
of pelagic life that the construction of the Tanner intermediate tow-net
in 1891! may be said to have inaugurated a new era in the study of
the pelagic fauna, characterized by exact knowledge of the depth of
the forms collected.
The vertical distribution of the pelagic life gathered with the open
tow-nets of the Challenger expedition has necessarily been conjectural,
the nets employed having been dragged open at all depths. Since
then European investigators have employed several devices for closing
submarine tow-nets, but direct evidence as to their reliability, so far as
the writer is aware, seems to be lacking.
Open tow-nets of different forms have long been employed by the
United States Fish Commission, while a closing collector, although of
very limited capacity (the Sigsbee gravitating trap), has done service
on the Coast Survey steamer Blake; but it was not until 1891 that
a closing tow-net of large size was brought into use. The Tanner
tow-net, closing tightly at any depth desired, has proved its efficiency
during recent explorations conducted by the Fish Commission and by
Mr. Alexander Agassiz, but its large size and somewhat complicated
construction have prevented its use except by steam power from large
vessels.
While towing a light surface-net behind one of the small boats of the
Albatross in an Alaskan harbor in the summer of 1894, the idea of a
very simple closing-net presented itself, which was at once experimented
upon and gave satisfactory results. lat first used it in moderate depths
only, but subsequently, having made one of heavier form than at first
employed, the principle was found applicable to deep-sea work as well
as near the surface.
Tanner, Rept. U. S. Fish Com. 1889-91, pp. 259-260. Bull. U. 8S. Fish Com. 1894,
pp. 143-151.
279
2980 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
This form of towing-net is, on account of its lightness and simplicity,
convenient for use by hand from all kinds of small sailing craft and
open boats. It can be rolled into a small package with all its attach.
ments and carried readily in one hand. With a light tow-line passed
through a pulley slung from one of the boat davits of the Fish Commis-
sion steamer Albatross, it has been hauled in from depths of 20 and 30
fathoms by one man with very little exertion, and has not failed to work
in a single instance.
In the summer of 1895 this net, constructed in larger and heavier form,
with a net ring 3 feet in diameter, was used successfully on board the
Albatross during fishery investigations in Bering Sea, at depths varying
from 20 to 200 fathoms.
Following is a description of a closing-net of medium size constructed
for use on the Fish Commission schooner Grampus (pl. 9, figs. 1 and 2):
It consists of a tow-net with a folding-ring suspended by rope slings
from a tripping-arm attached to the tow-line, and is operated at will by
a messenger. The ring to which the net is attached is hinged to fold,
for the purpose of closing the net, and is supported by two sets of slings
of nearly equal length, one set attached near the hinges, supporting the
net in an open position, the other attached at right angles to the hinges,
supporting it in a closed position.
Closing is effected by means of a tripping-arm, from which the slings
are suspended, and which, being tripped by a messenger, shifts the
weight from the opening to the closing slings with the result of closing
thenet. The tow-line is attached to the lower end of the tripping-arm,
the upper end of which is hooked to a ring on the tow-line. The opening
slings are secured near the upper end of the arm, the closing slings
to the lower end. A light messenger (pl. 9, fig. 3) sliding down the
tow-line detaches the messenger-ring from the upper hook of the
tripping-arm, shifting the weight from the opening to the closing
slings. A spring catch in the upper hook of the tripping-arm keeps
the messenger-ring from slipping out of place until struck by the
messenger, while a heavy ring-shaped weight, released by the tripping
of the arm, slips from the lower hook of the arm down the closing slings
and keeps the jaws from opening after they have been closed by the
messenger. The accompanying figures, showing the net in both open
and closed positions, illustrate its workings clearly.
The tripping arm is merely a piece of half-inch brass, ordinarily about
2 feet in length and of the shape shown in the cut. The ring is 2 feet
in diameter, made of ? by 4 inch brass, and is essentially the same as
that employed by Agassiz for use with his modified Chun-Petersen
machine.’ The messenger is a 2-pound bronze casting, in two parts, to
lash around the towline. A small lead sinker is lashed to the bottom
of the net, of sufficient weight to carry it down clear of the ring, as it
is, of course, lowered vertically and the vessel from which it is operated
1 Agassiz, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 1892-93, vol. XXIII, p. 45, etc.
Report U. S. F. C. 1894. (To face page 280 ) PLATE 9.
4
1g &.
Se
aoe
Fic. 1. Showing net in position for lowering and | Fia. 2. Showing net closed for heaving in.
towing. Fie. 3. Closing messenger.
a. Tow line. | Fie. 4. Showing heavy tripping arm used on
b. Tripping arm. steamer Albatross, with 60-pound sound-
ce. Tripping ring. ing shot attached as sinker for proper
d. Opening slings. strain on wire tow line in deep-sea
e. Closing slings work.
f. Folding net ring. i. Common sounding shot—60 pounds.
g. Closing weight.
h. Closing messenger. (See also Fig. 3.)
DESCRIPTION OF A CLOSING SUBMARINE TOW-NET. 281
brought to a full stop. The net is light and of small mesh, preferably
halfinch. Itis lined with bobbinet or mosquito netting, with a delicate
inner lining of silk bolting-cloth, the last being the real collector, to
which the outer nets act as supports.
In this combination of three nets all are of full width to the bottom,
where they are closed by a lashing, the inner nets being secured rather
slack, in order to avoid strain upon them in towing. As used on board
the Albatross, by steam power at all depths, the net and its appliances
have been constructed somewhat heavier and stronger. Additional
weight is secured by passing the tripping-arm through a 60-pound shot,
of the ordinary pattern used for sounding, the shot being secured by a
bolt to prevent its slipping when the arm is capsized. (See pl. 9, fig. 4.)
A deep-sea tow-net, closed, with the folded jaws protecting its mouth,
offers little resistance to the water, and can be heaved in rapidly
without the danger of being torn away from an open and widespread
net-ring, while the friction upon the contained organisms is reduced to
the minimum.
The time gained in deep-sea work, with a folding-ring net which will
permit of the steam winch reeling in at full speed, and the small stowage
space required on shipboard for a net of this pattern, are matters of
considerable importance. The readiness with which this net can be
carried on deck by one man and attached to the wire dredge rope
without complicated adjusting is perhaps the most important point of
all in its favor, while its cost is less than that of any intermediate net
hitherto employed.
This device has also been constructed in very light form, with a net
ring 18 inches in diameter, for use in lakes or at very moderate depths,
the heavier outside net being done away with, leaving merely the mos-
quito netting with its lining of silk bolting-cloth.
In this form it will be useful in gathering the minute life, crustacea,
ete., of the Great Lakes, a knowledge of which is essential in its bearing
upon the food of young whitefish and other important fishes now being
propagated artificially.
The folding-ring tow-net is also available for use as an ordinary
surface tow-net, without the employment of the messenger and the
lead sinker.
The collections made by the Albatross during the past summer with
the intermediate net were from depths of 20 to 200 fathoms, the net
being lowered in one instance to 575 fathoms, when it accidentally
touched bottom. The forms obtained consisted principally of minute
crustacea, medusx, annelids, and fishes, which have not yet been studied ;
but the ordinary surface tow-net having been used at the same stations
as the intermediate net, the contents of the two nets were usually found
to differ somewhat in character and quantity. As a rule, the surface
net contained a slightly greater quantity of material than the interme-
diate net, but at some stations the reverse was the case, while the inter-
282 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
mediate net sometimes brought up forms not taken at all in the surface
net. The towings, 18 in all, were made along the border of the sub-
marine bank south of the Pribilof Islands during the month of August,
from lat. 54° to 56° N. and long. 167° to172° W. Soundings were from
75 fathoms, on the bank, to 1,901 fathoms beyond it. There can be no
doubt that there is an abundance of pelagic life at 200 fathoms in this
part of Bering Sea.
After some experience with the single tripping-arm described in the
preceding pages, I designed a machine for opening as well as closing
the jaws of the tow-net, which worked satisfactorily (plate 10). It is
a combination of two tripping arms, for operating which two messengers
are employed on the same tow-line, the second striking a separate
detacher from the first. A rough experimental machine, constructed
on board the Albatross, was used successfully in port, but did not have
strength to withstand the strain of towing at sea. Experiments indi-
cate, however, that a properly constructed machine of the same pattern
would accomplish the desired result. Its use in place of the single
tripping-arm permits of the folding-ring tow-net being lowered in a
closed position, the closing-slings being attached to the right arm, the
opening-slings to the left. The arms are bolted to a bar of brass about
2 feet long, suspended from the towline, and in position for use are
hooked upright to detachers released by messengers. The first mes-
senger tripping the right arm, the jaws of the net fall apart for towing.
The second messenger, in turn, tripping the left arm, the weight is
thrown back on the slings of the right arm, closing the jaws. ail eee bead ls geek oe 17+31; 16431 |....
TSH 32s GUNS Je) Ree REE se ---| 44 [44] 44] 5 | 32] 2+] 10 | 12 | 8-72-7 | 17481; 1743) | 1+
185 |-=-.. ae Se 8 eee z---| 42 |5h | 42 | 42 | 3 | 24] 10 | 10 | 8-80-7 | 15428; 15429 | 1
280) Superior 222-0022 15 --| 42 /44 | 52 | 44 | 82 | 22 | 9 | 11 | 9-85-8 | *13-+27; 16428 | 1
DORR IE ar CCS Ss Oe a eee a elisa! faa Iatuae etm OTe fan (0)n| ip eee gees Se Serene =| (e ai
Dogs ates Loe S| SPUR RAKE ues) Panes TD Vida hse OMe hor aa Trt mean 8 are =f}
303 |..-.- GLEBE S| Bsee or oe ig |----| 44 [44 | 32 | 44-| 24] 2 | 10 | 11 | s-76-7 | 17429; 16432 | 14
314 | Ontario..-.. Seen 10h |....| 43 |4 | 45 | 43 | 34 | 24 | 11 | 11 | 8-75-7 | 16431; 16+31 | 15
SUES eee dossaae Sinanutse 123 |_. 2 182 | 43 | 42 | 32 | 22 | 11 | 11 | 8-80-7 | 16430; 16+30 | 1
316 |e). dost Oneal 12h |....] 42 |42 | 42 | 44 | 34 | 28 | 12 | 12 | 8-79-7 | 18+432; 18433 | 1
BUT 75 < doeess-e Sah sek 104 |.-..] 44 42 | 44 | 43 | 3g | 28 | 11 | 12 | 8-76-7 | 17+33; 17+30 | 1h
Siete. dove Orevecor 114 |....| 42 |3¢ | 44 | 48 | 32 | 22 | 11 | 12 | 8-70-7 | 17+32; 17-+31 | 13
* Gill mutilated;
number uncertain.
308 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Abundance, distribution, etc.—In all the Great Lakes the lake herring,
or cisco, is more abundant than any other whitefish. It is taken in
enormous quantities each year, and in most of the lakes is the object
of a special fishery. Considering the entire basin, the quantity of lake
herring taken is greater than that of all other whitefishes combined,
but in value of catch and in food value it does not equal the common
whitefish.
We have critically examined specimens from lakes Ontario, Erie,
Huron, Superior, and Michigan. We have also examined all the speci-
mens of this species now in the National Museum, which represent the
following localities: Lake Champlain (Professor Baird); Missisquoi
Bay, Lake Champlain (R. W. Marfel); Lake Champlain, Vergennes, Vt.
(M. E. Hall); Labrador (L. M. Turner); Nelson River, Hudson Bay (Dr.
Robert Bell); Hudson Bay (Walter Haydon); Lake Ontario (W. H.
Thompson); lakes Erie, Huron, and Michigan; Moose Factory, British
America (C. Drexler). The specimens from Labrador and Hudson Bay
region may represent a slight variety worthy of recognition.
Mr. John W. Titcomb says this species is quite common in several of
the small Jakes of Vermont, particularly Bomoseen Lake in Rutland
County. In October and November, they appear in large schools close
to the rocky shores of the lake for the purpose of spawning.
This species is abundant in Lake Ontario; its most important
spawning-grounds are in the east end of the lake, in Chaumont Bay,
Three-mile Bay, and about Grenadier, Stony, and Fox islands. Farther
west spawning-grounds are found along the shores and bays, more
especially in Great Sodus Bay. On the Canadian side important
grounds seem to be in the Bay of Quinte. The spawning-beds are
usually in shallow water on hard bottom, though mud bottom is fre-
quently used. Inthe American portions of Lake Ontario the spawning
takes place almost entirely in the month of November. The ciscoes of
Lake Ontario run from less than a pound to 14 pounds, though it is said
they are sometimes taken weighing 24 or even 4 pounds.
In Lake Hrie this species exists in greater abundance than elsewhere.
Its spawning seasons and habits are not known to differ materially
from those of the Lake Ontario fish.
Common names.—This species is known by many names. The most
widely used are lake herring and cisco, either of which is, in most places,
distinctive. In Lake Ontario it is commonly called the cisco. The
etymology of the word is in dispute. One assigned derivation is from
a fish-peddler named Cisco, who, about 1830, took the fish through the
northern part of the State and sold it to farmers as ‘ Cisco’s herring.”
“Sisco” is only a recent variation in the orthography. Other names
used by the fishermen of this lake are herring, blueback or greenback,
blueback herring or greenback herring, and grayback or grayback her-
ring. The name most widely used, however, is cisco. These different
names are the fishermen’s way of distinguishing individual variations
THE WHITEFISHES OF NORTH AMERICA. 309
in color, sex, age, or time of run. Usually the fishermen claim that the
graybacks run in the spring and that the spring or early summer is their
spawning time. The greenbacks and bluebacks run in the late fall and
they are a better fish than the graybacks. It is not unlikely that all
the fish found spawning in early summer are bloaters (A. prognathus),.
In lakes Erie, St. Clair, Huron, and Superior the fish is generally known
as herring and lake herring, which are the names in use in Canada. In
Lake Michigan the names herring, Michigan herring, blueback herring,
and shore herring are in use. The name herring is in places shared by
another species (A. hoyi). A trade name for large herring in Lake Erie
is ciscoette or siscowet.
10a. Argyrosomus artedi sisco Jordan.
Sisco or LAKE TIPPECANOE.
Argyrosomus sisco Jordan, Amer. Nat., 1X, 1875, 136, Lake Tippecanoe, Warsaw, Ind.
Head, 33 to 43; depth, 4 to 5; eye, 4 to5; snout, about 5; maxillary,
33; mandible, 24. Scales, 9-74 to 89-8. Gillrakers, 15428 to 31 (43
to 46), long and slender, 1 to 14 in eye. This species is not essentially
different in form from that of the lake herring, but is smaller and much
superior as food. It reaches a length of about 14 inches. It is known
only from Geneva, La Belle, and Oconomowoc Jakes in Wisconsin, and
Tippecanoe, Crooked, Shriner, and Cedar lakes in northeastern Indiana.
It lives in deep water except in December, when it comes into shallow
water and ascends brooks to spawn. According to Professor Kirsch
it spawns from about the 25th of November to the 25th of December
in Shriner Lake and the other Indiana lakes.
The following table gives detailed measurements of four specimens
from Crooked Lake, Whitley County, Indiana, which were obtained by
Prof. P. H. Kirsch, the Indiana State fish commissioner.
Table of comparative measurements of specimens of sisco of Lake Tippecanoe ( Argyroso-
mus artedi sisco),
Sails ii Ce ikers.
| ele pee re a
No. Locality. a les 4 a5 | _: | Seales.
| 2 = 2 ° m | 8 Bl = | | Number. a
HiA;AR la lala} al<] .
: a aa i lee a Es =
136 | Crooked Lake, Indiana.-../ 44 | 4% | 42] 6 | 34 | 24 | 10 | 11 | 9-85-8 | 15431; 15+30 1+
Tey /a Rane il eee eS Aes Bisa Sie az |b 4 5 | 33 | 24] 10 | 11 | 9-89-8 | 15429; 14428] 12
TSB lesere MO meet vecech ice ceeeee 43 | 44] 54] 44 | 32 | 24) 10] 11 | 9-74-8 | 15429; 15430 12
ASD) See WOlee see oesceecenese 33 | 4—}/ 5—) 54] 33 | 22 | 10 | 11 | 9-77-8 | 154-29; 15430] 1
|
310 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
11. Argyrosomus hoyi Gill.
Moon-EYE; MOON-EYE Cisco; Cisco; KirnyrE; CHUB.
Argyrosomus hoyi (Gill Ms.) Jordan, American Naturalist, 1x, March, 1875, 135, Lake
Michigan, near Racine, Wis.
Description Head, 44; depth, 44; eye, 44 to 4%; snout, 32 to 32;
maxillary, 22 to 3 in head, reaching to vertical of middle of pupil.
Dp. 10; A. 11 or 12; scales, 8 or 9-73 to 80-7. Gillrakers, 14425 or
26, slender, about 2 in eye. Vertebra, 56; branchiostegals, 8 or 9.
Body rather elongate, compressed, ghe back somewhat elevated.
Mouth rather large, subterminal, the lower jaw shorter than upper,
even when the mouth is open; tip of muzzle rather bluntly truncate,
somewhat as in a true Coregonus; mandible nearly reaching posterior
edge of eye, 24 in head. Head rather long, slender, and pointed.
Supraorbital and preorbital long and narrow. Distance from tip of
snout to occiput, 24 to 22 in distance from occiput to origin of dorsal
fin; fins low; free margin of dorsal very oblique, the length of the
anterior rays 12 in head, that of the last ray less than half length of
the first; longest anal ray, 22 in head and more than twice as long as
the last ray. Pseudobranchie very large; tongue with traces of teeth.
Color light iridescent blue on back, scales with a few fine dark
punctulations reaching about two scales below lateral line; sides and
under parts rich silvery, brighter than in any other of our Coregonina,
much as in Hiodon and Albula; top of head light olivaceous; cheeks
silvery; dorsal, caudal, and pectorals with some dark on their margins;
anal and ventrals white, with some dark dustings; the male, perhaps,
a little richer, more iridescent blue on back, and with the scales a little
thicker and less closely imbricated. Length, 15 inches. Deep waters
of Lake Michigan; the smallest and handsomest of our Coregonina.
The only specimens known until recently were the two sent to Dr.
Gill and the one to Dr. Jordan by Dr. Hoy; but during recent investi-
gations by the Fish Commission this species was found to be one of
the principal fishes caught in the gill nets in the western part of Lake
Michigan. It is a true Argyrosomus, though approaching Coregonus.
Table of comparative measurements of Hoy’s whitefish (Argyrosomus hoyt).
ps | ay Gillrakers.
|Lake where) When Sex and FS = ‘ : & eaiites " : iteR aa
No. taken. taken. | condition. = 2 |S = & | 3 Fe) “S 2 =| Scales. cats In
q Ololmlg|sieleolaq umber. ae,
HF |HlAla|alalalala a
In.| Oz. ‘
57 | Michigan .| Nov. 6| 9 ripe...-| 134/104] 44) 43) 44) 32! 3 | 22/10 |12 | 8-80-7 |14+426; 14426 | 2
5g see do ....| Nov. 6| ¢ ripe....| 12 | 8+] 43] 44] 43) 38] 24] 23/10 [11 |*8-73-7 |144-25; 14495 | 1g
FS) Ilgemoe do ....| Nov. 6| Q ripe....| 13 | 9+) 43] 43] 43) 34] 24/ 22/10 [11 | 8-78-7 |14425; 14495 | 14
OS ance do ....| Nov. 6| 2 ripe...-| 12 | 9—| 44) 42) 43 3g] 23) 22/10 12 | 8-78-7 |14425; 14425] 13
(tet eae do ....| Nov. 6} ¢ notripe| 12 | 8—| 43) 43) 43 32| 23) 24] 9 |11 | 9-76-7 |14+-26; 144-24 | 14
Gzileen te do ....| Nov. 6| 9 partly | 12 | 8—| 43] 42] 44) 38] 27] 22/10 |12 | 9-73-7 12495; 12495] 12
spent.
WA le seet do ....| Nov. 12} ¢@ ripe... .| 123} 8 | 43) 43) 41) 39) 28) 23) 9 |11 | 9-83-8 |14+28; 14427] 14
Di erera ars do ....| Nov. 12] ¢ ripe...-| 127) 8+] 48] 44] 4 | 34] 2%) 2 | 9 | 9 | 9-81-8 |138+-26; 134-26] 14
ia ee do ....| Nov. 12| & ripe...-| 123] 7+! 4%] 43] 4 | 4 | 23] 22) 9 /11 | 9-3-8 /13+26; 13424 | 14
LOG eases do ....| Nov. 19} 9 spent ..| 132/13—] 44]..-| 43) 4 | 3 | 2 |10 |12 |........).-........--..-|- 22.
* Thicker and less closely imbricated than in No. 57.
THE WHITEFISHES OF NORTH AMERICA. Ea
Among the collections recently made there are 8 specimens of Argy-
rosomus (5 from Lake Michigan and 3 from Lake Superior) which we
refer to A. hoyi for the present, though they differ from typical hoyt
in some respects. The most important of these is the number of gill-
rakers. In the numerous specimens of hoyi examined the average
number, of gillrakers was found to be 39, while the average for the 8
specimens here considered is but 315. If we consider only these aver-
ages the difference is great, but the range of variation in each is so
great as to render this contrast less striking. An examination of the
table under hoyi shows the range to be from 37 to 42, and the following
table shows the range in these 8 specimens to be from 29 to 34. The
difference of 3, however, between the minimum for hoyt and the maxi-
mum for these peculiar specimens is important, and would, under ordi-
nary circumstances, lead us to regard these 8 specimens as belonging
to another and apparently undescribed species.
These specimens also resemble A. prognathus in general appearance,
and a comparison with that species is equally interesting. The chief
differences from A. prognathus, which can be represented numerically,
are the fewer gillrakers, the longer mandible, and shorter maxillary.
The average number of gillrakers in A. prognathus is, as Shown by our
material, about 39. These averages are sufficiently wide apart to jus-
tify separating the two forms specifically; and we would not hesitate
to do so were it not for the fact that the recognized extremes of varia-
tion in this particular in A. prognathus are very great, the minimum
number recognized by us in that species being as low as 32 (in speci-
mens Nos. 23 and 25). But the other characters shown by these two
specimens are not appreciably different from typical prognathus. They
have the projecting lower jaw, the long mandible and maxillary, and
the general form of muzzle of that species.
In the 8 specimens under consideration, not only are the gillrakers
very few, but the mandible and maxillary are rather shorter, and the
general form of the snout is different. The lower jaw projects but
slightly or not at all, and the maxillary is narrower. Nos. 108 to 112
were obtained in deep water off Sheboygan, Wis., with Hoy’s whitefish,
from which they were not distinguished by the fishermen, all being
known to them as “kieye” or “chub.” While these fish were con-
founded with A. hoy by the fishermen, they appear more different from
that species than they do from A. prognathus, the gillrakers in A. hoyi
being even more numerous than in prognathus. Hxternally they very
closely resemble hoyi, while in number of gillrakers they seem more
closely related to the longjaw. If further investigation should show
these differences to be as great and valuable as they now appear, these
specimens should be regarded as a distinct species. For the present,
however, we suspend judgment and await additional evidence.
312 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
The following table shows the comparative measurements of these 8
specimens:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— petal Lota — - = _
Pa 3 G illrakers.
No, | Lake where When | Sexand| 5S | =| .| 3 S 2s a he tat
o- taken. taken. |condition., & | @“/3/%|] -|s\'a/Slala SLU = In
ai 3/8 | e2}o Lane BS Number. eye.
IR | E | Ala lala la lal ‘
| In. | Oz.
108 | Michigan -..| Nov.18| 2 partly; 13314 | 42, 4 | 43) 44:3+)2—| 10) 13) 9-81-8) 11-21; 11419) 13
spent.
ODr|ease- doneeee. Noy.18/ ¢ 132/14+| 4 | 33} 5 | 43/34 2 |...|...| 9-87-8| 11418; 10419] 13
TY ha sae dow sbe Nov. 18| 9 134/13—| 43° 44] 42] 44/3 |24-| 10] 11] 9-77-8| 12421; 11421) 13
a0 1 eee Gidea Nov. 18} 9 spent.| 13 |11+/ 44 44) 5 | 42/3 /2+| 10) 11) 9-86-8 10+20; 10420) 13
Tp et ere dojeeeees | Nov.18| Sf spent-| 124) 9+] 42 42) 43) 44/32 )25 | 9) 12) 885-7; 10419; 10419) 1s
282 | Superior..-..| July 28|.-.....-.. 104).-..| 44 4 | 43) 44/3 [22 | 10) 11) 8-74-7) 18421; 12421) 13
DEY |b do meses Tilly's) | eee eee 11 |.-..| 44 43) 43) 43/3 [23 | 11) 10) 8-75-7) 11422; 12421] 12
PAT eo aace doSeeece Only 29) | Peete ae 11 |....| 43 43) 43) 48 2% | 10) 11 Fear 114-22; 13+21) 13
|
= °
Spawning habits and food value.—Very little is known about the
spawning habits of Hoy’s whitefish. All the Lake Michigan specimens
examined by us were taken between the 5th and 20th of November, and
they were all ripe or nearly so, or partially spent. The spawning time
is therefore evidently late in the fall, and probably in deeper water than
is resorted to by the herring and other species. The probability that
the long-jaw spawns much earlier is an interesting and important fact,
and is additional evidence of the distinctness of these species.
In the original references to this fish in the writings of Milner and
Hoy, it is stated that it has no food value, on account of its small size,
but that it constitutes a prominent part of the food of the salmon trout.
From the time of its discovery, in 1871, to a comparatively recent date,
this fish attracted no attention and was not known to possess economic
value. The extension of the operations of the gill-net fishermen of Lake
Michigan into the deepest parts of the lake brought the fish into notice,
and for fully six years or longer it has had a gradually increasing
importance. The relative scarcity of the common whitefish in the
fisheries of the western side of the lake has resulted in the utilization
of Hoy’s whitefish, notwithstanding its small size.
12. Argyrosomus pusillus (Bean).
SMALL WHITEFISH; LEAST WHITEFISH.
Coregonus pusillus Bean, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1888, 526, Kuwuk River, Alaska.
(Type, No. 38366.)
Head, 5; depth, 5; eye, 43; D.10; A.12; V.11; scales, 10-91-9; man-
dible, 24; maxillary, 34; gillrakers very long and slender, numerous,
49in all. Body rather elongate, compressed. Mouth as in A. artedi, the
lower jaw projecting; maxillary broad, with rather broad supplemental
bone, three times as long as wide, not quite reaching middle of the very
large eye; preorbital extremely narrow. ‘Teeth none, or reduced to
slight asperities on the tongue. Dorsal much higher than long, its last
rays rapidly shortened, the first ray twice length of base of fin; insertion
THE WHITEFISHES OF NORTH AMERICA. 313
of dorsal midway between snout and middle of adipose fin. Caudal
large, well forked; anal small; ventrals inserted under middle of dorsal,
very long, five-sixths length of head and equal to pectorals. Steel blue
above, with many dark points; belly white; dorsal and caudal blackish;
pectorals and ventrals tipped with black.
This is one of the smallest of the American whitefishes, rarely reach-
ing a foot in length or a half pound in weight. It has the reputation of
being more bony than any other whitefish. It is little utilized for food
in Alaska, but is used chiefly by native traveling parties and as food
for dogs. It extends over a very large portion of Alaska and is very
abundant. So far as our information goes, it is found in all parts of
Alaska except the southeastern portion. The types were obtained in
tke Kuwuk River by the well-known collector, Charles H. Townsend.
13. Argyrosomus lucidus (Richardson).
GREAT BEAR LAKE HERRING.
Salmo (Coregonus) lucidus Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Americana, MI, 207, 1836, Great
Bear Lake.
Head small, 5 to 54; depth, 44 to 42; eye, 5. D.11 or 12 developed
rays; A.1l or 12. Scales, 85 to 87, 11 or 12 in an oblique series down-
ward and forward from front of dorsal to lateral line. Eye slightly
less than length of snout, 14 times in interorbital width. Body slender,
elongate, the curve of back and belly about equal, the greatest depth
exceeding length of head. The snout narrow, almost vertically trun-
cate when mouth is closed, the lower jaw fitting within the upper, but
the mouth not inferior. Distance from snout to nape 22 to 3 in distance
between nape and front of dorsal. The head is much smaller in one of
our specimens than in the other. Mouth oblique, with rather slender
maxillary, which extends to vertical midway between front and middle
of pupil, its length from tip to articulation equaling distance from end
of snout to front of pupil, and contained 33 to 34 in length of head.
Supplemental maxillary bone probably broader than in artedi, from
three-fifths to two-thirds greatest width of maxillary. Suborbital bone
large, its width 24 to 22 in its length. Gillrakers very long and slen-
der, the longest slightly more than two-thirds length of eye, 16 + 28
in number in each specimen. Front of dorsal slightly nearer tip of
snout than base of upper rudimentary dorsal rays. The fins are muti-
lated, so that their length can not be given. Adipose fin large, inserted
vertically above last anal rays, its height from tip to posterior end of
base equaling vertical diameter of eye. Color, silvery.
This description is based on 2 specimens recently obtained in Great
Bear Lake by Miss Elizabeth Taylor and donated by her to the museum
of Leland Stanford Junior University. These specimens are each 16
inches long and are the only ones received by any museum since Rich-
ardson’s time. These are described in detail by Dr. Gilbert in the
Bulletin of the U. 8S. Fish Commission for 1894.
314 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
14. Argyrosomus iaurettz (Bean).
LAURETTA WHITEFISH.
Coregonus laurette Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 156, Point Barrow. (Types
Nos. 27695 and 27915.)
Head, 5; depth, 4; eye, 44 to 5. D.12; A.11; V.12; scales, 10-84
to 95-10, 84-to 87 inspecimens examined by us. Body robust, the back
elevated; head small and slender, the small eye not longer than snout.
Distance from nape to front of snout 24 times distance of nape from
dorsal. Maxillary about reaching middle of eye, 34 in head, its sup-
plemental bone half its length. Lower jaw very slightly longer than
upper; mandible, 24 in head; lingual teeth present. Gillrakers long
and numerous, 10+25; ventral scale not half length of fin; pectorals
short, not reaching half way to ventrals. Scales smaller than in A.
artedi, 16 cross series under base of dorsal. Alaska, from Yukon
River northward to Point Barrow; generally common. Apparertly
very close to A. lucidus, but differing in longer base of dorsal.
15. Argyrosomus prognathus (H. M. Smith).
Bioat; BLoATER; BLOATER WHITEFISH; LONGJAW; SILVER WHITEFISH.
Coregonus prognathus Hugh M. Smith, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., xiv, 1894, 4, pl. 1, fig.
3, Lake Ontario, at Wilson, New York. (Type, No. 45568.)
Description: Head, 44; depth, 35 to4; eye,5. D.9 or 10; A. 10 to 12.
Eyerather small; 14 in snout, 14 in interorbital space. Scales, 9-75-8.
Body oblong, much compressed; back elevated, tapering rather sharply
toward the narrow caudal peduncle, the adult fish having a slight
nuchal hump, as in C. clupeiformis. Mouth large and strong; snout
straight, its tip on level with lower edge of pupil. Top of head 2+ in
distance from occiput to front of dorsal. Maxillary reaching to opposite
pupil, 24 in head; length, 34 times its greatest width; mandible pro-
jecting beyond upper jaw when mouth is closed, very long, reaching to
or beyond posterior edge of eye, 12 toizin head. Head of medium
size, rather short and deep, pointed; cranial ridges prominent.
Dorsal rather high, the longest ray one-third longer than base of fin
and contained 12 times in greatest body depth and i} times in head;
free margin slightly concave; origin nearer end of snout than base of
caudal. Longest anal ray equal to base of fin or two-thirds height of
dorsal. Vertebra, 55. Gillrakers slender, about 15 + 28, about length
of eye. Adipose fin the length of eye, its width half its length. Nar-
rowest part of caudal peduncle contained nearly + times in greatest
body depth. Ventral as long as dorsal is high, its origin midway
between end of snout and fork of tail. Pectoral as long as ventral.
Lateral line straight except at origin, where it presents a rather marked
curve. Sides of body uniformly bright silvery, with pronounced bluish
reflection in life; the back dusky, the under parts pure white without
silvery color; above lateral line, the upper and lower edges of scales
THE WHITEFISHES OF NORTH AMERICA. 315
finely punctulated, central part unmarked, producing light longitudinal
stripes extending whole length of body; fins flesh color or pinkish in
life, the dorsal and caudal usually showing dusky edges; postorbital
area with a bright golden reflection. Iris golden, pupil black.
The extreme variations in some of the characters of this species are
remarkable, their nature and importance being apparent only upon
examination of a large series of specimens. We have counted the
scales and gillrakers and made comparative measurements of a great
many examples, and present in the appended table the figures obtained
from such a study of nearly one hundred specimens. Figures obtained
from specimens examined in the field and not preserved are not included
in this table. A study of the table will show that the relative length
of head and depth of body are fairly constant; the same is true of the
eye and snout, and the number of fin rays; the maxillary and mandible
are a little more variable, while the variations in the scales and the
gillrakers are unexpectedly great. Using the averages obtained from
the table and putting in parentheses the extremes of variation, this
species would be described as follows:
Head, 44 (35 to 43); depth, 44 (34 to 54); eye, 4% (34 to 6); snout, 44
(34 to 5); maxillary, 3 (22 to 34); mandible, 2 (1s to. 24); aca 10
(9 to 12); anal, 11 (10 to 15); scales, 8 (7 to 9)-75 (65 to 86)-7 (6 to 9);
gillrakers, 14 (10 to 17) + 25 (21 to 32),
Table of comparative measurements of specimens of longjaw whitefish (Argyrosomus prog-
nathus).
b. } YWIrakers
, el Gillrakers.
ress emcees eh | Side ad Mel AV Stlg [, |e geoph
aken. : bp | 80 | oS | Se eelhetden let) eae tres ES
tion. ajo) s | & og Boe amine | Pill ures Nasnbe In
SIFlalale#lalalalald| a Pee uses
Ins.| Oz. |
1 Ontavi oleae ieee cee 841 4 | 42] 88] 4 | 4 | 22 | 14 | 10] 10 | 9-83-9 |*14-+28;
8|3 | 4—| 34 | 33 | 38 | 23 | 1$ | 17 | 12 | 9-71-8 |*144-24;
7/2 | 388) 4 | 38|4 | 28|2 | 10) 12 | 9-79-8 |*124-31; 15
11) 8 | 43/82) 44]4 |8 | 2 | 10 | 11 | 9-75-8 |*13+30; I
AQAS ee Ae oreo ielee Wn Senl Ome eOnl a2 nO 74= eh iiler OMtetaee oa let
13/9 |4 |4 | 52) 3213 | 1%] 10 | 12] 8-74-8 [*12+26; 12+27*| 1
113) 8 | 4 | 84) 5 | 42/3 | 22 | 10 | 10 | 8-66-7 *13+22; 104-21*) 14
14/16 | 44] 4 | 54/4 | 3 | 2 | 10] 11 | 8-65-8 |*14426; 14427] 1
81} 2 | 32 | 44) 4 | 44] 34/2 | 9 | 11 | 9-70-7 15426; 16430 | 1
143/12 | 42 | 33 | 43] 43 | 32 | 22 | 10 | 12 | 9-75-7 |*144+29; 17430 | 14
GUESTS ee Aa eee See Qe te Oe rd—7 PLO 18s aboot
AD Dr Waa en aes Aaa Be One| TO) | Wee 7987" M14-E O38!" 13°96) | coe:
Osl 4 | 4 | 4 | 4h] 42) 32) 2° 1 9)| 12 1 8-75-8 |*10+17; 10+17*| 12
7 2—} 41) 4 | 34 | 43 | 34-) 2+] 10) 11 | 8-66-8 | 14426; 14427 |-.....-
UD eh BE WE | 2 |) ya peel alee eis Soe
SPOON | Abe RI ZDe RC BY NOY I aki aly Sealy Tee cen iio (ee
84 23 | 42) 44) 4 | 42) 3 | 241 11] M1 | 9-75-7 | 14423; 134-23 |... ke
842 | 42) 4214 | 42) 34] 2 | 10'| 11 | 8-75-7 |*124-23; 134-21 | 13
84....| 44 | 44 | 39 | 42 | 24] 2 | 9 | 12 | 8-7-8 |*18423; 11493 12
82. 44143] 4 142] 2812 | 10! 12] 8-73-8 | 124-23; 13423 | 13
7....)42 | 44138 )4 |3 |2 | 9 | 11 | 7-73-8| 14427; 14427 | 12
Tere Aaa healing! Aa obleoe Om) lon 9-78=80 plore oD TORK OSs is
Th..-.|44 | 44] 4 | 4 | 3 | 2—/] 10 | 12 | 8-79-7 | 11421; 11421 | 14
8 ....| 43 | 44] 32 | 44/3 |.2 | 9 | 11 | 9-73-8 | 11422; 11422 | 2
8t....| 44 | 44 | 84] 44 | 3 | 2 | 9] 11 | 8-73-8 | 12422; 12421 | 12
64..-.| 44 | 43 | 38] 4 | 28] 2 | 10 | 11 | 770-6 | 183426; 13419*| 14
5u....| 42 | 4h | 3h | 44] 3 | 18 | 10 | 11 | 8-71-7 | 144-26; 15426 | 12
Bh....| 44 | 48 | Bh | 48 | 28 | 15 | 10) 11 | 8-70-7 | 13425; 12427 | 13
TA-.-.| 44] 42] 4 | 42 | 28] 2—| 10 | 12 | 8-70-7 | 13427; 14427 | 14
30 7y--..] 4b | 48) 4—| 48) 3) 2 | 9 | 12 | 7-78-8 | 13424; ee
Si Saeee doen aloes O4....| 48 | 48 | 4 | 44| 32] 22 | 12) 12 | 774-7 | *9430 +-33*| 12
32 | Michigan ...|....-... 8...) 44/4214 | 42/3 12° | 10| 12 | 770-7 12-193! 13423 | 2°
*Gill mutilated; number uncertain.
316 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Table of comparative measurements of. specimens of longjaw whitefish (Arggrosomus prog-
nathus)—Continued.
See ; Blo Gillrakers.
MeX 4 { ~ oS A
Wo,| wake where \Condi- (| S| | 2 ie le a ba
taken. ti ep | | oO | + a at 2p dp Sep eae Sy x
10n. a 5 Gs Q © 5 i=} Bl os = I
Slela lala a S s S 2 5 Number. eue
a) A) ye.
TIns.| Oz.
33 | Michigan..../.....--- Wa|-...)4 | 42] 4 | 42) 3 | 2 | 10 | 12 | 7-72-7 | 154-29; 16428 | 13
1 ge|.--.|4 | 4 | 38] 4] 3 | 28 | 10] 11 | 778-7 | 12424; 12494 | 34-
ee 2) 4 43 | 23 | 2—) 10 | 12 | 7-73-7 |*144 26; 144-27*| 14
‘| 4h | 48] 4 | 44/3 | 22] 10] 12 | 8-70-7 | 134-22: 13422 | 18
-| 44 | 44 | 4—| 42 | 34 | 22 9 | 12 | 8-72-7 | 124 23;.12+424 | 12
-| 44 | 43 | 4—I 42] 3 2 10 | 11 | 7-70-7 | 12422; 12422 | 14
-| 42 | 44 | 3214 | 3 | 22] 9] 12 | 8-70-7 | 13424: 13494 | 12
| 42] 4b] 4 14 13 | 24+) 9] 12 | 773-7] 12404; 12494 | 18
| 42] 42] 4 | 42 | 2¢]2 | 106] 11 | 7-74-7 | 14427; 14496-| 12
-| 42 | 44] 84) 4 3 24 | 10 | 12 ; 8-74-7 | 18-423; 124-23 ; 12
| 4414414 [4:13 12 | 10 | 12)| 7-70-7 | 10493: 11493) 14
| 42 | 42/4 | 42/28 ]2 | 9 | 41 | 771-7] 15429; 15499 | 12
-| 4b | 44 | 44 | 44 | 3—| 18 | 11 | 11 | 8-76-7 | 11423; 11423 | 12
‘14 | 44 | 43 | 4213 | 2] 10 | 12 | 8-76-7 | 12424; 13424 | 2
4 44) 4 | 44] 3 2 11 | 12 | 8-70-7 | 184-28; 14428 | 12
-|43/5 |4—| 44/3 | 22 | 10 | 11 | 8-77-7 | 12422; 11498 | 14
-| 4h | 4a | 44 | 42 | 34 | 24 | 10 | 11 | 9-80-8 | 134-26; 13424 | 1}
ao iess.1 5) | 4 (es oe) 10 i | seyoee | aaeon-oreodel aT
-| 44) 44+] 54) 44] 3 | 2 11 | 12 | 9-76-7 | 14432; 144-29*) 1
By Ae Sree | 4 23 | 1% | 11 | 12 | 8-75-7 | 15425; 144.27 | 1
43 |....| 54 | 42 | 3 2 10 | 12 | 8-71-7 | 13+25; 134-24 | 1
44/44] 5 | 4113 |2 | 10] 11 | 9-80-8 | 13424; 12422 | 12
44] 42 |....) 4 | 3412 | 10 | 12 | 8-77-8 | 13423; 183425 | 14
44) 4 | 43) 4 |'3 |'2 | 10 | 10 \s27o%7 | 13897. 13-097 | 1g
4% | 44 | 42 | 42 | 3+) 2—| 11 | 12 | 9-88-7 | Eviscerated |...--.-
| 4 43) 52) 4 3+] 2—} 10 | 11 | 9-77-7 Eviscerated |...-..
| 3¢ | 44 | 4g | 43 | 2¢ | 14] 10 | 11 | 8-67-8 | 174.28; 164-30 | 1
-| 44 | 42 | 53 | 44 | 3+) 24+) 10 | 12 | 8-74-7 | 15427; 154-27 | 14
14 | 4458 | 4213 | 2 | 11] 12) 882-7 | 14497; d44o7 | oo.
-| 44 | 44/53 | 44 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 12 | 9-86-7 | 13426; 14495 |_._...
-| 4b | 44 | 5 43 | 3 2 11 | 11 | 8-86-7 | 15424; 144-25 |._....
4 4415 44 | 23 | 2—/ 11 | 11 | 8-76-7 | 15425; 14425 | 13
.| 4] 42 | 44) 4 3 | 2+] 11 | 11 | 8-76-7 | 154 28; 15429 | 14
GY Rial ee ee aL aii, |) RGA | GES Vee || 12
-| 42 | 42 | 54 | 4] 3 | 24] 11 | 13 | 8-80-7 | 15426; 14497 | 14
| 44 | 44 | 4h | 44 | 24 | 2—| 10 | 11 | 8-77-7 | 134-26; 13+26 | 14
4 4k | 42 | 44) 3 2 V1 | LY | 8=73=7 | 234-253 10-23%) 2 ce
-| 42) 4 BE | 43 | 3 2—| 10 | 11 | 8-74-7 | 15428; 154-30 | 14
.| 42 | 42 | 44] 48 | 28 | 24) 12 | 15 | 9-78-8 | 13424; 13424 | 14
| 4+| 48 | 5—| 44] 2212 | 12 | 13 | 9-79-8 | 14427; 144-96 | 14
‘| 44 | 44 | 44] 44 | 3—| 241 10 | 11 | 8-70-7 | 15430; 14429 | 14
144] 43] 4 | 44 | 24/2 |11] 11 | 8-747 | 134+26; 14426 | 13
WW: 44 | 34 4/3 2 11 | 11 | 8-77-7 |*138+4 27; 154 28 | 13
-| 44 | 54 | 3 | 5—| 3+] 28 | 11 | 11 | 8-R0-7 | 13423; 14423 | 13
-| 42 | 4h | 4—] 42 | 3 2 11 | 10 | 8-76-7 | 15-4-28; 15428 |..--...
-| 4+] 48] 4 | 5 3+] 2 11 | 11 | 8-78-7 | 14429; 14429) 12
-| 34 | 3% | 34 | 5—| 38+] 2 10 { 10 | 8-73...) 14426; 14426 | 14
| 4 | 44] 4+] 45 | 34] 2-110 | 10 | 9-67-7 | 15429; 15+29| 14
-| 36 | 43 | 4 44/3 2 11 | 13 | 8-78-7 | 15+ 25; 15425 | 13
-| 32 | 4h | 32 | 5 3—| 2 10 | 11 | 8-76-7 | 15427; 15426 12
-| 33 | 42 | 4+] 44 | 3 2 9 | 12 | 9-67-8 | 15+26; 14425 | 2
-| 44 | 52 | 5—| 44+) 83—| 2+] 11 | 13 | 8-79-7 | 124-26; 13426 |.....-
Be! 3816 | 43/3 18 | 10 | 11 | 8-82-8 |*14+421; 144-26 | 1
-| 4% | 42 | 42 | 48 | 3 2 10 | 11 | 8-82-7 | 18-+-21; 134-21 )......
-| 4+] 44] 52 | 3g | 28 | 18 | 11 | 11 | 8-79-8 | 15428; 15428] ¢%
eagle Alea oa el deol ta ihaeol elas tah esOvee mee OTa ee
-| 4 43) 4 | 44/3 2 9 | 10 | 9-75-8 | 144-29; 15+-29 | 12
| 4415 44/44/13 2 10 | 10 8-79-7 | 12424; 12423 | 12
|4 |4a14 | 42 | 2a]/2 | 9| 12] 875-7 | 114-25; 144-96 | 14
ja |4 15 |4 |3 [2 | 10| 10 | 872-7 | 14425; 18495-| 12
a) 4 lsgllba. laeth o-siotoilion e277 27] tatlog. etogs ee
Whee 32 | 5 4 2% | 2 10 | 11 | 8-71-7 | 134-23; 13--22 | 12
-| 4 34 | 43 | 34) 3 2 9 | 11 | 9-66-8 *11+420; 18421 | 14
* Gill mutilated; number uncertain.
Food value.—The longjaw is a fish of some commercial importance in
lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, and Ontario. It is most valuable in
Lake Michigan, although a few years ago the largest catch was taken in
Lake Ontario. Its edible qualities are relatively high. The flesh is
firm and of very good flavor, and by many people the difference between
the longjaw and the common whitefish in this respect is considered to be
THE WHITEFISHES OF NORTH AMERICA. aa
only slight. Itis most highly esteemed on Lake Ontario, where it often
brings the same price as the common species; elsewhere it yields the
fisherman several cents a pound less than C. clupeiformis. Mr. Charles
H. Strowger, an experienced fisherman and careful observer, residing
on the shores of Lake Ontario, gives the following estimate of the food
value of this fish:
When properly cared for on being caught, this is a delicious fish. When salted it
keeps well, and does not lose its freshness when cooked. A great deal of prejudice
against the longjaw is entertained because of the soft and damaged conditionin which
the fish is usually sold to the consumers. It is a fish that ought to be iced as soon as
itis taken from the water and left cold until used, as it easily softens and on cooking
becomes too greasy for ordinary human palates to enjoy. When fresh caught it is
equal, in my judgment, to any fish for delicacy of flavor. It is a splendid fish for
baking when of full size, but small-sized fish are always of less value and should
not be caught.
Spawning.—Very little is certainly known regarding the spawning
habits of the longjaw. Examples taken by Mr. Charles H. Strowger
in Lake Ontario, May 17, 1892, had immature spawn except in one fish,
in which the eggs were fully ripe. Specimens sent us from the same
lake in April, by Mr. John 8S. Wilson, contained very immature spawn;
while other specimens forwarded by ao George M. Schwartz of octer
ter, on June 13, 1892, had fully matured spawn. Mr. Strowger’s obser-
vations lead him to believe that this species has a prolonged spawning
period, extending perhaps over the entire year. Specimens examined
by us on Grenadier Island June 28, 1894, were ripe, and others exam-
ined at various times in June na aly, were nearly or wholly ripe.
From these facts it is certain that many of this species spawn in Lake
Ontario in the summer. Some of the specimens obtained by Dr. Sco-
vell in Lake Huron in July were also ripe, while others were not. The
probabilities are that Mr. Strowger’s view is right, and that while the
summer is the principal spawning time, the season is prolonged until
late in the fall. Little is known of the location of the spawning-beds,
but all the evidence indicates that they are in relatively deep water.
16. Argyrosomus nigripinnis Gill.
BLACK¥IN; BLACKFIN WHITEFISH; BLUEFIN; BLUEFIN WHITEFISH.
Argyrosomus nigripinnis (Gill Ms.) Milner, Rept. U. 5. Fish Comm. 1872-73 (1874),
87, Lake Michigan, off Racine, Wis.
Description.—Head, 44 to 42; depth, 4 to 45; eye, 44 to 42; snout, 4
to 5; mandible, 2 to O14. maxillary, 3 to 32. D.10 or 11 (rarely 9); A.
11 or 12. Seales, 8 or 9-75 to 81-7 or 8. Vertebre, 58; gillrakers
usually 17+335=50, long and slender, about 1+ in eye.
Body moderately stout, ventral outline more curved than the dorsal.
Head large, pointed; mouth large; maxillary long and narrow, reach-
ing middle of pupil, the supplemental maxillary long, narrowed above;
mandible very long, usually reaching vertical of posterior rim of orbit;
lower jaw usually projecting. Distance from snout to occiput about
318 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
2 in distance from occiput to origin of dorsal fin. Caudal peduncle
rather slender, its least depth 22 in head. Fins all long; in No. 100,
a female, they measure as follows: Pectoral 14 in head, reaching just
half way to base of ventrals; ventrals a little shorter, 14 in head;
dorsal high, its longest ray equal to length of pectoral; base of dorsal
fin short, 14 in height of fin; base of anal fin about equal to that of
dorsal, longest ray 2 in head; caudal fin widely forked, the lobes 22
times length of middle rays.
The fins of No. 96, a male, measure as follows: Pectoral, 14 in head,
reaching slightly more than half way to base of ventral; ventrals
searcely shorter than the pectorals and just equaling length of longest
dorsal ray; length of dorsal base, 12 in height of fin; anal base shorter
than that of dorsal, about 14 in longest anal ray.
Color in life: Dull bluish-green above; sides silvery, with minute
black specks; white below; tip of nose and mandible black; fins all
rich blue-black; pale at base. In some specimens, usually females, the
fins are less black, the ventrals and anal sometimes showing scarcely
any black. The dorsal, caudal, and usually the pectorals, however,
are always more or less black.
The specimens of this species which we have examined are from 13
to 16 inches in length and weighed, when fresh, from two-thirds of a
pound to 14 pounds.
Table of comparative measurements of specimens of blackfin whitefish (Argyrosomus
nigripinnis ).
| |
Date Sex and 2 35 : 4 3 Gillrakers.
No. | Lake where | when | condi- 2 |e || a e/S/o|e].] 2 j|——
taken. taken. | tion. els |slalolS/H#/8/e2/s! < I
| O |S | OS} ele SiS 1) 8) 1s Number. a
HIF JHIAlAlalala lala] a eye.
In. | Oz.
81 | Michigan....| Nov. 12} ¢ ripe--} 133/10—| 43/43 | 44) 4 |3g /2 |10 /11 |9-81-8/18+33; 184383) 1
Bailie. door Nove lliliiceesaces 123/10—| 43/43 | 43] 5 [34 |2+-|10 |12 |9-76-7/17+-32; 16430] 12
SOn| emer doresss: INiOWs 12) RC seer 133)11—| 43/44 2) 44/32 |24-/11 |12 |8-76-7/17+33; 17-+32| 12
Sitia| ese doeeeeone Nov. 12} ¢ ripe..| 13 |11+| 44/4+| 44) 43/34|2+]10 |12 |8-77-7/17+38; 18435) 14
Wellsasen doneene Nov! 122s eon. 15a/19—| 43/4 | 43] 4318 [2 [10 /11 \g-77-7|....... 2 +91] 13
Oi ||Lance dome Nov. 18| ¢ ripe ..| 15g/20—| 43/42 | 43] 43/32 |22 |10 |11 |9-78-7|16+31; 17431] 23
Ob seeee ‘dove Nov. 18! ¢ spent | 164)21—| 43/44 | 48] 45/31 Jos 10 |11 |9-75-8)184+-32; 194-34) 14
OF Stee OD sooscos | Nov. 18} nearly} 163/23— 4543 2| 42/32 121-110 {11 |8-77-8|16+32; 17432] 14
ripe.
98 8| 9 nearly| 143!18—| 42/4 | 43] 5 [34/2-+|11 [12 |9-75-8117434; 18431) 1
ripe. |
99 gripe. | 153/22 | 43/4 | 43] 42!3 |2 |10 [12 |9-80-8l17-++31; 17431| 14
100 Q spent.| 147/21—| 43/44 | 43) 4332 2 |10 [12 |9-76-7/17+.32; 17433) 1
101 Q@ spent.| 143/15 | 44/44 | 44] 42/32 [2 [10 |11 |9-75-7|19+34; 194-34) 13
102 ¢ spent.) 147/14—| 42/42 | 4] 42/3 [2 | 9 |11 |8-%8-7/18432; 17432 12
i103 Q spent.| 147/17-+| 42/42 | 42| 43/3 124|10 |12 |8-76-7/174.33; 17+33] 1%
104 SJ spent.| 142/15+/ 44/44 | 43] 5 (32 (24/11 [11 |8-76-7/174+-32; 174-32] 14
105 f spent.| 144)13-+| 43/43 | 43) 4334 |24|10 11 |8-75-718+33; 18435] 14
106 @ spent.| 144)15—| 42)---} 43) 44/32 }24 |10 |12 |....--|..-....---....|----
ABIDE) || WGI RGR lGasennsoelne+ ae conse Wale! 44 | 43 cels8 i. so" |. gaze) = eee sols
ASIOO AES a Std 01s cbsee.| ake teat teeta ccs 164i. cfd 14 Wal CBA. | lo M2, locas 7 ea) ae
| hia |
Range, habits, ete.—The blackfin or bluefin whitefish was first brought
to public notice at the same time that Argyrosomus hoyi was discovered.
It was first collected in Lake Michigan, in deep water off Racine, Wis.,
and first deseribed by Mr. J. W. Milner in the Report of the Com-
THE WHITEFISHES OF NORTH AMERICA. 319
missioner of Fish and Fisheries for 1872-73. It is not known from
any of the Great Lakes except Michigan. All of the specimens of the
so-called bluefin or blackfin of Lake Superior which we have seen are
the longjaw (A. prognathus).
The only specimens of the blackfin not from Lake Michigan which
we have seen, and, indeed, the only ones existing in collections, are two
fine examples (Nos. 45099 and 43100, U. S. Nat. Museum) obtained
by James R. B. Van Cleave in Miltona Lake, Minnesota, where the fish
is reported to be abundant, and two others (Nos. 22117, U.S. Nat.
Museum), secured in one of the lakes at Madison, Wis. The Miltona
Lake specimens have been described by Dr. Bean (Forest and Stream,
June 2, 1894), and we agree with him in regarding them as not different
from the Lake Michigan blackfin. The Madison specimens also agree
very well with those from Lake Michigan.
The blackfin is probably the most abundant fish of commercial
importance in the deeper waters of Lake Michigan. It is found in
schools, like other members of the group, and is, at times, at least,
associated with lake trout (Cristivomer namaycush), longjaws (A. prog-
nathus), chubs (A. hoyt), and common whitefish (C. clupeiformis).
Up to a comparatively recent date very little was recorded about
this fish. Specimens were scarce in collections, and in the National
Museum at Washington there were only the four specimens mentioned.
The absence of recorded data regarding the fish and its scarcity in col-
lections have certainly been due to no lack of abundance of the fish,
but rather to the neglect of collectors. As late as 1886, Dr. Goode, in
his standard work on American Game and Food Fishes, stated that
“at times it comes in considerable numbers to the Chicago market, but
it is in general a rare species.”
The first detailed reference to the commercial value of this fish and
the most complete account of its habits and distribution in Lake Mich-
igan were contained in a report on the Great Lakes for 1885, issued
by the United States Fish Commission, based on inquiries made under
the direction of Mr. R. Edward Earll.
Spawning habits —The spawning season of the blackfin is the same
as that of the common whitefish and the lake herring. The somewhat
limited observations thus far made, and the specimens available for
examination, indicate a spawning period in November and December.
At that time the fish are reported to gather on stony bottom for the
purpose of depositing their eggs, while at other seasons they are said
to prefer clay bottom. The specimens from Lake Michigan examined
by us were received fresh November 15 and 21. They were taken in
gill nets off Sheboygan on or about November 12 and 18, and examina-
tion showed them to be ripe or nearly ripe with spawn; indeed, some
were partially spent.
The blackfin is found in the deep water at all seasons, although
during part of the year it frequents relatively shallow water. About
320 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
the first part of November the fish begins to withdraw from the deepest
water of the lake and may be taken at depths of 60 to 80 fathoms.
The number of fish in water of that depth increases with the advance
of winter, and when fishing is brought to a close by the formation of
ice the fish are at the height of their abundance. When the ice breaks
up between February and April the fish begin to move into deeper
water, and by May fishing is done in water 100 or 110 fathoms deep.
During the warmer months this is about the minimum depth at which
the blackfins are regularly found.
A favorite resort for the blackfin is Mud Hole, a large depression in
the bottom of the lake, located about 20 miles east of Sheboygan; it is
7 or 8 niles square and about 90 fathoms deep. Another ground that
is frequented by large bodies of blackfins is Grand ‘Traverse Bay, on
the east side of Lake Michigan.
17. Argyrosomus tullibee (Richardson).
TULLIBEE; MONGREL WHITEFISH.
Salmo (Coregonus) tullibee Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., 1, 201, 1836, Cumberland
House, Pine Island Lake.
Description.—Head, 4 to 44; depth, 3 to 32; eye, 4 to 5; snout, about 5.
Dorsal fin with about 11 developed rays, the number varying from 10
to 12; anal, lior 12. Maxillary, 34 in head; mandible, 2 to 24; scales,
9-68 to 71-8; gillrakers, 16 to 18+30 to 34; 1-14 in eye.
Body short and deep, compressed, the dorsal and ventral outlines
similarly curved. Head small, conic and compressed; mouth large,
lower jaw projecting; middle of upper lip on a level with middle of
pupil, maxillary long, moderately broad, reaching anterior edge of pupil,
the width about one-third its length; supplemental maxillary bone well
developed, nearly half length of maxillary, its width 23 times in its
length; mandible long, reaching posterior edge of pupil. Distance from
tip of snout to occiput half that from occiput to origin of dorsal fin,
which is midway between tip of snout and base of caudal fin. Caudal
peduncle short, compressed and deep, its least depth about 24 in head.
Fins rather large; height of dorsal, 13 in head; base of fin,1; in longest
ray; anal base very oblique, equal to length of longest ray, which is
about equal to base of dorsal fin; pectorals and ventrals long, almost
equal to height of dorsal. Scales firm, considerably enlarged anteri-
orly; free margin of scales less convex than in other species, often
emarginate, especially on anterior part of body; lateral line straight
and in a line with upper rim of orbit. Tongue with a patch of fine
teeth near the tip. Gillrakers numerous, long and slender, the number
varying from 47 to 52. Color iridescent bluish above, sides and under
parts silvery; older individuals darker above and with more golden
reflection on sides; fins all more or less evidently black-tipped; upper
edge of pectoral margined with black,
THE WHITEFISHES OF NORTH AMERICA. 321
Table of comparative measurements of specimens of tullibee (Argyrosonus tullibee).
| | irk
Fe aa Gillrakers.
a Where taken. 3 an ieee poe seiia lb rial edi |e D
a a 3 & NS a g H A - Namen In
, s = fat gy & S | = fa 4 = | umover, eye
Fe ay Wo aeay —|—|. ee | Ree =
In. |
115 | Lake of the Woods......-. 12 | 44] 3h] 4 5 | 32 | 24 | Pe Reena | 18-+383; 18+34 14
AUG) | Eien COs = hee askin ciectee 8 | 44] 34] 4 5 | 384 | 22 | 12 | 13 | 9-71-8 | 16434; 18433 12
TYNE Sot OP isis peslaneeoeeeras sec 8) 4 32 | 4—| 5 | 384 | 2+] 12 | 12 | 9-70-8 | 174380; 17+31 14
SEE: Been meme tens © UY 7ai4 |3+i4 | 5|38| 24+] 10| 11 | 9-71-8 | 16433; 16432] 12
UT ose Oe scares ecicce cecee cess Se 63/4 | 321 4—] 5 | 34} 23 12 | 9-70-8 | 17+32; 17+31 | 13
Ci Met: Fils ne opel aa RE Va aa ee |e) ag Se) Sa) 1) 9) | Goeeler | eek we e
ri aaa GOEL ON te sseeuci ae: 163| 42 | 3 | 5+) 5 | 32 | 22 11 | 9-68-8 | 16-31; 16-432 | 1
This species was originally deseribed in 1836 by Richardson, from
Pine Island Lake, at Cumberland House, British America. Since then
it has been recorded from the following places: Albany River district,
Hudson Bay (Richardson, 1836); Lake Superior (Agassiz, 1850); Albany
River, Gtinther, 1866; Lake Superior (Jordan, 1878); Lake Hrie (Jordan,
1878 and 1882); Lake Michigan (Jordan & Evermann, 1886); lower end
of Lake Erie (Forest and Stream, 1890); Qu’ Appelle River (lorest and
Stream, 1892); and North Minnesota (Blackford, U.S. N. M.). Itis also
known from Lake of the Woods, Lake Winnipeg, and Manitoba.
The tullibee attains a length of 18 to 20 inches and a weight of 34
pounds. Its food value is high, but its commercial importance is as
yet very limited. In none of the Great Lakes is the fish at all common,
but in the Lake of the Woods it is quite abundant and considerable
quantities are taken and shipped to Sandusky. In the provinces of
Assiniboia and Manitoba the fish is taken in large numbers for local
consumption, with gill nets and in traps made of brush and stones.
But little is definitely known of the spawning habits of the tullibee.
Mr. F. C. Gilchrist, of Fort Qu’Appelle, writing in Forest and Stream
concerning this fish, as observed by him in the lakes of the Western
Territories of Canada, says:
In September they will again be found gradually nearing the shoal water, feeding
heavily, and plump with fat and the now swelling ovaries. Later on they appear to
eat little or nothing and devote all their time to playing until about the 25th of
October, when they have settled down to the business of propagation, which they
have finished by November10. They prefer shallow water close to shore with clean
sand to spawn on, and during the day they may be seen ir pairs and small schools,
poking along the shores, but at night they come in thousands and keep up a constant
loud splashing and fluttering, very strange and weird on acalm night. Two years ago
{carefully counted the ova from a ripe fish 2} pounds in weight, and found there
were 23,700, closely resembling whitefish eggs in appearance, but somewhat smaller.
After spawning the fish are very thin, lank, dull in color, and quite unfit for human
food.
In a recent article entitled “Whitefish culture in New York,” pub-
lished in the New York Fishing Gazette, Dr. Bean records the taking
of a specimen of tullibee in Lake Onondaga, New York, where the
species is abundant but has apparently not been previously recognized. _
The fish was a male, 184 inches long, and was obtained in November by
F. R. 94 a1
322 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Mr. James Annin, jr., State superintendent of fish-culture, who fur-
nished the following notes on the tullibee in this lake:
In regard to the spawning habits of the Onondaga Lake whitefish, they are spawn-
ing at present at Onondaga Lake. They generally commence running up onto the
shoals about November 15, and the season extends into December. They come up to
the banks or gravelly shoals and spawn in from 3 to 6 and 7 feet of water. They
have never been caught with hook in this lake, and an old fisherman told me that
he had tried almost every kind of bait, and had used the very finest gut and the
smallest hooks baited with Gammarus (fresh-water shrimp) and other kinds of natu-
ral food—that is, he supposed the food was natural to them. At the same time he
claims he could see them in large schools lying in the water 8 or 10 feet from the
surface.
17a. Argyrosomus tullibee bisselli (Bollman).
BISSELL’S TULLIBEE.
Coregonus tullibee bisselli Bollman, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., vu, 1888, 223, Rawson
and Howard lakes, Michigan. (Type, No. 40619.)
Similar to A. tullibee, but with maxillary reaching to middle of eye,
and with 80 to 82 scales in Jateral line. End of supplemental maxillary
bone rounded. Lower jaw projecting when closed. Supraorbital bone
elongate pear-shaped. Head, 4$ to 44; depth,335; eye, 4$ to43. Scales
anteriorly scarcely larger than those on caudal peduncle. This variety
of tullibee is known from small lakes in southern Michigan and bears the
same relation to the typical tullibee that A. artedi sisco does to the lake
herring. Nothing has been recorded concerning its size, abundance,
and habits.
COMMON NAMES OF THE WHITEFISHES,
A great deal of misapprehension exists among fishermen, dealers,
and others regarding the identity of even the common species of white-
fishes, and a large variety of common names is employed to designate
the different fishes in the same and different localities. During the
recent investigations of the fish and fisheries of the Great Lakes by
the United States Fish Commission, a special effort was made to learn
the common names by which each of the whitefishes is known to the
fishermen about the different lakes. It became apparent very soon, not
only that the same species is known by a great variety of names in the
different parts of its range, but that in a number of places a single
species is known by several common names; and, what is still more
confusing, the same common name is, in different localities, applied to
two or more entirely different species.
As illustrating the improper use of common names we may take the
name “whitefish” or “¢common whitefish.” In Lake Champlain ‘“ white-
fish” is one of the common names applied to either Coregonus clupet-
formis or C. labradoricus. Tn all of the Great Lakes it is correctly
applied to C. clupeiformis, though occasionally about Lake Huron and
THE WHITEFISHES OF NORTH AMERICA. g20
Lake Superior it is used for C. labradoricus, while in the Lake of the
Woods ‘ whitefish” may mean either Argyrosomus tullibee or C. labra-
doricus, or possibly C. clupeiformis. Again, the “cisco” of Lake
Ontario is A. artedi, which is the “herring” of Lake Erie, or the
“shore herring” or ‘‘ greenback herring” of Lake Michigan. At
Whitefish Bay, Lake Superior, the name “cisco” is sometimes ap-
plied to C. quadrilateralis. At some places in Lake Superior “ cisco”
means A. prognathus, and in Lake Michigan it may refer to A. hoyi.
The name “herring” or “lake herring” is generally applied to A.
artedi, but in Lake Michigan A. hoyi is known by the same designa-
tion. Such names as “shad,” “chub,” ‘ pilot-fish,” and “shiner,”
when given to species of whitefish, afford no clue to the identity of
the fish and illustrate the confused popular nomenclature.
In order to facilitate to some extent the identification of the various
whitefishes by persons not conversant with the subject, the common
names in use have been brought together in the following list. In the
first column we give the common or local name; in the second, the
place where used, and in the third the scientific name. The absence of
an assigned locality indicates either that the common name is not used
among the fishing population (as, for instance, Nelson’s whitefish), or
that the common name is in more or less general use.
Classified list of the common names applied by fishermen and others to the different species
of whitefish.
Common name. W here used. Scientific name.
BAL UULE ANN OPS soccer Do.
360 | Acomus lactarius...-.....-.- Catostomus griseus ..--.....------ Do.
360 | Catostomus sucklii.......-- Catostomus commersonil.....-..- Upper Missouri
and its tributa-
ries.
360 | Pimephales fasciatus ....--- Pimephales promelas..........--- Milk River.
361 | Hybognathus argyritis -...| Hybognathus argyrite ...-..-.--- Do.
361 | Pogonichthys communis....| Platygobio gracilis.....----.-.--- Do.
Sola eGobio celidusha= = --er ee Ey DOPSIs) POMS) ceca selene Do.
364 | Hyodon tergisus...........- Hiodon tergisus.............--.-- ee st of Fort
nion.
1862. THEODORE GILL. Observations on the genus Cottus, and descriptions of two
new species (abridged from the forthcoming report of Capt. J. H.
Simpson.) .-5255.-8 Notropis blennius......... Do.
13 | Cliola (Hybopsis) topeka....| Notropis topeka .......--- Shimganunee Creek, To-
peka.
sn Cholai(?)eibbosaessseeeess Notropis lutrensis .--..--. Ward Creek.
14 | Minnilus cornutus -.....--. Notropis cornutus ...-..-. Ellis, Ellis County.
14 | Minnilus (Lythrurus) nig- | Notropis umbratilis um-| Shunganunga Creek, To-
ripinnis. bratilis. peka.
14 | Phenacobius mirabilis -.... Phenacobius mirabilis....| Ward Creek.
15 | Semotilus corporalis.-....-. Semotilus atromaculatus..| Shunganunga Creek, To-
peka.
15 | Fundulus zebrinus......--- Fundulus zebrinus -..-.--- Ellis, Ellis County.
16 | Lepomis humilis.-.-......-- | Lepomis humilis. ...-...-- Ward and Shunganunga
creeks, Topeka.
16 | Pecilichthys ceruleus..... Etheostoma lepidum...---- Ellis, Ellis County.
FISHES OF THE MISSOURI RIVER BASIN. 361
1885. Cnartes H. Gitpert. Description of three new fishes from Kansas. PALIT A CBLV Ae cet cieclsteisicie = aisles Branches of Missouri
River, Osage River,
ete.
71 | Noturusmiurus............- Schilbeodes miurus......--- Branches of Missouri
, River.
71 | Noturus exilis.-............ Schilbeodes exilis..-.......- Osage River, ete.
ii | eptopsOlivarisy a. << .cei. Le),tops, olivaris...........-. Kansas River.
fis) Aminroug@ melas. c-s-cs-s= Ameiurus melas......---.-- Common over the State.
71 | Amiurus natalis............ Ameiurus natalis........... Kansas River.
71 | Amiurus nebulosus......... Ameiurus nebulosus....... Plentiful.
71 | Ietalurus punctatus..-....-. Ictalurus punctatus.--....--. Quite common.
71 | Ictalurus furcatus-......... Ictalurus furcatus...--....-. Large streams.
WL | Ietiobus) carpio.J---- 4-2-2: Carpiodes carpio....-----... Kansas River.
72 | Ictiobus velifer.........-..- Carpiodes velifer........... Do.
72 | Ictiobus velifer bison.......|.-... GOWese2 sae ison bectec Do.
72 Ictiobus ULUSs seseunsessrees Ictiobus UPUS cscccsssvveres- Kansas River and
branches of the Mis-
| souri.
*Some of the locality references given in this column seem somewhat vague, but we have
used the phraseology of Mr, Graham.
366
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Page. Nominal species. Identification.
72 | Ictiobus bubalus..... sacbisce Ietiobus bubalus.......-.--
72 | Ictiobus cyprinella......-... Ictiobus cyprinella-......--
72 | Cycleptus elongatus..-....-. Cycleptus elongatus-..-.-.-
72 | Catostomus teres........--.| Catostomus commersonil. --
72 | Catostomus nigricams-..---- Catostomus nigricans. .-----
72 | Moxostoma macrolepido- | Moxostomaaureolum......-
tum.
72 | Campostoma anomalum.. --. Campostoma anomalum.--.
72 | Chrosomus erythrogaster.-., Chrosomus erythrogaster. --
72 | Hybognathus placita....-.-- Hybognathus nuchale
evansi.
73 | Pimephales promelas.-.----- Pimephales promelas..-...-
73 | Notropis hudsonius..-...---- Notropis hudsonius. -----
73 | Notropis billingsiana..-.-..- Notropis lutrensis.......-.-
73 | Notropis lutrensis..-....---|..... GO scodsancsncouaso0csene-
73 | Notropis lineolatus..---.--. Notropis seylla Setcdoc
73 | Notropis deliciosa.....-.--. Notropis blennius....-.---.
73 | Notropis topeka...........-| Notropis topeka..... 500006
{
73 | Notropis rubifrons........-- Notropis rubifrons.......-..
74 | Phenacobius mirabilis......-| Phenacobius mirabilis.---.
74 | Hybopsis biguttatus--.......| Hybopsis kentuckiensis. -..
74 | Hybopsis gelidus.......-.. ? Hybopsis meeki-....--..-.
74 | Hybopsis storerianus...-.-- Hybopsis storerianus......-
|
74 | Platygobio gracilis-........| Platygobio gracilis...-...-.
Te! || Chlleveitiinsss soe soogonesaceccs Gilamobustasecer-sa-scesce—
74 | Notemigonus chrysoleucus-) Abramis crysoleucas..-.---
74 | Hyodon alosoides.......---- iMiodon alosoides...--.-.--.--
|
74 | Hyodon tergisus.-.-..--..--- Hiodon tergisus.......-- ee
75 | Dorosoma cepedianum..-.-- Dorosoma cepedianum...---
75 | Fundulus zebrinus......--- Fundulus zebrinus...-.. adic
75 | Fundulus diaphanus.-...--. Fundulus diaphanus. ......-
75 | Anguilla rostrata-....------ Anguilla chrysypa...---.---
75 | Pomoxys annularis ---..-.- Pomoxis annularis---..-.-.-
75 | Cheenobryttus gulosus...--- Chenobryttus gulosus-....-.
75 | Lepomis cyanellus....-..-.- Apomotis cyanellus......-..
75 | Lepomis humilis..-.....-.-. Tepomis humilis. eee see ce
76 | Micropterus salmoides.....-| Micropterus salmoides.....-
76 | Micropterus dolomieu.....- Micropterus dolomien....--
76 | Percina caprodes........-.. Percina caprodes....--.....
76 | Boleosoma olmstedi macu- | Boleosoma nigrum........-.
| latum.
76 | Diplesion blennioides-..-..- Diplesion blennioides.-..---
76 | Hadropterus phoxocephalus.| Hadropterus phoxocephalus.
76 | Etheostoma variatum...-.--- Etkeostoma coeruleum. ----.
76 | Etheostoma fusiforme..-.-... 3oleichthys fusiformis...-.
77 | Stizostedion vitreum...-...- Stizostedion vitreum.....-.
77 | Stizostedion canadense...-..) Stizostedion canadense.....
77 toccus chrysops-.-.----.--- iRoccus Chrysops-=-- 3-2-1
77 | Aplodonatus (Aplodinotus) | Aplodinotus grunniens...-.
| grunniens ;
77 | Clupea chrysochloris....-.-- Pomolobus chrysochloris. --
Locality.
Plentiful over State.
Eastern Kansas.
Kansas River.
Common over State.
Kansas River.
Plentiful.
Common in small
streams.
Marais des Cygnes.
Kansas River and other
branches of the Mis-
souri.
Kansas River.
Kansas River branches.
Kansas River and Mis-
souri River at St.
Joseph.
Very abundant.
Marais des Cygnes.
Kansas River branches.
Missouri River, St. Jo-
seph.
Kansas and Missouri
rivers.
Common throughout the
State.
Very common.
Branches of Missouri
River.
Osage River
branches.
Kansas River.
Kansas River (errone-
ous).
Eastern Kansas.
Kansas, Marais. des
Cygnes, and Missouri
rivers.
Comnion.
Very common.
Kansas River
branches.
Kansas River.
Believed to be common
throughout the State.
Kansas River at Law-
rence.
Kansas River.
Common.
Locally abundant.
Kansas River at Law-
rence.
Marais des Cygnes.
Eastern Kansas.
Kansas River.
Wild Cat Creek, Man-
hattan.
Marais des Cygnes.
Kansas River.
| Marais des Cygnes.
Kansas River.
| Kansas River and Mill
Creek.
Kansas River.
Do.
and
and
Abundant in
streams.
large
FISHES OF THE MISSOURI RIVER BASIN. 367
1886. CHartes H. Girperr. Third series of notes on Kansas fishes. < Bull.
Washburn Laboratory of Natural History, vol. 1, No. 7, 207-211.
This is the third series of notes upon the collections made by the
Washburn College Laboratory biological survey of Kansas. The
Missouri Basin specimens reported upon in this paper came from the
following places:
(a) Mission Creek, Shawnee County; collectors, Messrs. H. J. Adams and Ralph
McCampbell.
(b) Snokomo Creek, Wabaunsee County; collector, Mr. Aaron Myers.
(c) Missouri River, Leavenworth; collectors, Professors Cragin and Kelly, and Messrs.
Poston, Lange, and Johnston.
(d) Shunganunga Creek, Shawnee County; collectors, Professor Cragin and Mr,
Myers.
(e) Blacksmith Creek, Shawnee County; collectors, Messrs. Adams and McCampbeil,
(f) Spring near Maple Hill, Wabaunsee County.
Page. Nominal species. Identification. Locality.
207 | Noturusflavuss cc cciccss.<. ----- Ameiurus natalis.-..----..-. Shunganunga, Black-
smith, and Mission
| creeks.
207 | Ictalurus furcatus--....--:- Ictalurus furcatus.....----- Leavenworth.
208°} Notropis rubrifrons. --.-..-- Notropis rubrifrons .--...-- Blacksmith and Snoko-
mo creeks.
209 | Hybopsis gelidus.......-..-- Ebyibopsis'| meek <5 e.c- <<< Leavenworth.
209 | Hadropterus aspro.....--.-- Hadropterus aspro ..-...--- Snokomo Creek.
209 | Percinacaprodes..-..-...... Percina caprodés .--.-.----- Do.
209 | Etheostoma ceeruleam lepi- | Etheostoma lepidum......-.- Shunganunga Creek and
dum. Maple Hill.
210 | Boleosoma olmstedi macu- | Boleosoma nigrum....-...---. Shunganunga, Black-
latum. smith, and Snokomo
creeks.
210 | Lota lota maculosa ......-.- | Lota lota maculosa...-.-..-- | Leavenworth.
210 | Amiurus melas -....-...---- Ameiurus melas.....---.---| Blacksmith Creek.
210 | Ictalurus punctatus .--...--- | Ictalurus punctatus......-- | Blacksmith and Mission
creeks.
210 | Catostomus teres.........--- Catostomus commersonii ...) Blacksmith Creek.
210 | Campostoma anomalum..... Campostoma anomalum.. --. Do.
210 | Pimephales promelas -.-..-..- Pimephales promelas -...-... Do.
210 | Notropis topeka ---......-.. Notropis topeka ........-..-- Do.
210 | Notropis lutrensis.....-..--- | Notropis lutrensis .......... Do.
210 | Notropis megalops.-.-...--.- Notropis cornutus ......---. Do.
210 | Hybopsis biguttatus..-..... | Hybopsis kentuckiensis..-..; Mission and Blacksmith
creeks.
211 Semotilus atromaculatus....| Semotilus atromaculatus. - -.| Do.
211'| Lepomis cyanellus..-..---.-- | Apomotis cyanellus ........ | Blacksmith Creek.
211 | Lepomis humilis............ Lepomis humilis.-.......--. Do.
1887. R. Exusworrn Catt. Memoranda on a collection of fishes from the Ozark
region of Missouri. Sooqcoacr
Cheyenne Falls, S.Dak.| 33 |5 | 5 | 24|11|] 7 | 9-56-7 .....-....--..-.--------- 2 or 3
AREER SOUS CES Satta aah loue | OMe mH 025627) hia cokes ceo s ora eee eel Drone
Custer, SP Dakt Macca: 32 | 42 | 5 21/11] 7 | 11-63-9, somewhat crowded ....- 3
rae OB lees Bt Seria su Ore Te Was |h102625R) 22 bele SR ee fe eee Re) 3
a See ae an eo al ed read Moy ial ar Pa ee Oa) ke ee eae ia 4
Hine City, Sy Dalkeeacee 34 | 44 | 5 | 22] 11 | 7 | 10-62-7, rather crowded -.....--. 3
Redwater Creek, S. Dak.| 4 | 44) 5 | 2! |10| 7 | 9-60-7,not much crowded.-.---- 3
IDM cnasctosstodsasac 35 | 42 | 42 | 22 | 10| 7 | 9-58-7, not much crowded-..-.- 4
DOSse see saeco esas 4 |42/5 | 22) 11| 7 | 10-62-7, not much crowded.....- 3
WOessceresseeeeaeaee ZN mee Pee atl My 9-58-8, not much crowded... --- 3
Glenrock, Wyo ...------ 823|5 | 44 | 24]11]| 7 | 58-19, nolateralline.-........--- 2 or 3
WOU Ee Cee e Bee WApeleda | Dae tel Os |e ited |b G-60=8) kas tba. Se Ze coees Fee 3
IDIe)s sadbQaabonsae 4dos 33 | 44 | 42 | 21 | 10 | 7 | 10-61-8, somewhat crowded ----. 3
ID) Gasbosnsueabacaee JnnelSOSdlesee)| basal ail eeeo PARR Ho Sank es coos crdo Jado eesen Se] |eeeoccoccs
Douglas, Wyo .--.-.-.--- 32|5 |5 | 22|11| 7 | 9-61-7, somewhat crow ded ..... 3
Newcastle, Wyo -------- 4 |5 | 42 | 24]10| 7 | 9-546, somewhat crowded -.-.. 3
1D} Ha oooecbeaneedce 32 | 54.| 42 | 24 | 10) 7 9-54-6, somewhat crowded ..--. 3
IDO Gseasaoeseaonadces Spee erstaliecerete ines adele tl erd 9-58-6, somewhat crowded ..-.-- 3
Marsland, Nebr..-.----- 4 |44/5 |2 | 11] 7 | 10-61-9, not much crowded...... 3
Batol Gan: SieDalkes -—- ee | pene tater clays |esliczay aero Siege Wsihcectcseesee parece 4
aASO I sSeaeee SaODe ee eee ees oll |» Set Me OOO OU stra iectete a ayara) = ola = Sinisa l= /eieieieiai—iat
foe \W\@eaccescepod 3¢ | 42 | 54 | 22 | 11 |.--.| 9-59-7, not much crowded-..--- 4
Womens tee 34 | 43 | 54 | 22 | 11 | 7 | 9-58-8, crowded, Daten a 4 or 5
WD sonceocscosesepece 33/5 |5 | 22] 11] 7 | 10-57-6, crowded, butreguiar....| 4 or 5
Clermont, Wyo...-.- ...| 38 | 4 | 52] 2! | 13] 7 | 11-61-9,much crowded “and ir- 2
regular.
Hdcmoooecogacetons 32 | 42/6 | 23) 11] 7 | 10- 56- 7,crowded and irregular. . 2
Seem teeina iid 33/5 | 42 | 22] 11] 7 | 10-60-8, crowded, but regular... 3
Brenda WAOrseqbsbioc 32/5. | 5 | 2k | 12) 7 9-59-7, not much crowded. smSdoc 3
An inspection of this table shows that the variation in the length of head
is from 32 to 44, and indepth from 4 to 6; the usual length of head and depth
of body is about 4 and 5, respectively. These variations, however, are
not unusual, and need give us no trouble. The same may be said of the eye
and snout; these differences are no greater than can be accounted for as due
to differences in age. The range of the dorsal fin rays is through 5, i. e.,
from 9 to 13, the usual number being 10 or1l. This is a larger range than
has hitherto been noticed in this species and is, of course, independent of age.
The variation in the scales is rather remarkable, the number in a transverse
series ranging from 15 to 20, and those in the course of the lateral line from
54 to 64, the most usual formula being 9 or 10-59 to 61-7 or 8. The scale
formula for Catostomus commersonii has usually been given as 10-64 to 70-9.
In the original description of Catostomus sucklii the dorsal rays are given as
14 (including rudimentary ones), but Girard does not give the number of
scales, merely remarking that ‘‘the scales are large and but little smaller
anteriorly than posteriorly.” The two figures which he gives in the Pacific
Railroad report show the scales as 10-64-8 and 9-55-9, the latter being a
young specimen. The specimens in our collection which we have examined
394 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
from Mitchell, Bazile Mills, Niobrara, Chamberlain, Long Pine, and Cler-
mont, have the scales decidedly crowded and irregular on the anterior part
of the body; this is especially so in the two large specimens from Clermont.
Those from Chadron, Custer, Hill City, Redwater Creek, Douglas, and New-
castle are not much crowded, but they are irregular in arrangement.
Five of the eight small specimens from Glenrock are peculiar in that there
is no trace of the lateral line. In the three others the lateral line is normally
developed. The number of rows of papilla upon the upper lip varies from
2 to 5, the usual number being 3 or 4. These differences do not possess any
geographic significance; specimens from the same stream or from the same
sub-basin show both extremes of variation in this regard. Nor have we been
able to discover that these variations in lip characters are coordinated with
any other characters. Upon comparing these Missouri specimens with others
from Ohio and Pennsylvania, it appears that in the western specimens the
scales average somewhat larger and the papills on the upper lip are arranged
in more rows. The eye is somewhat smaller in the western specimens. The
two forms may be diagnosed as follows:
a. Scales small, 60 to 70 in lateral line, much crowded anteriorly; eye less than
5 in head; upper lip with 2 or 3 rows of papillew..-....-...-.commersonit.
aa. Seales large, 54 to 64 in lateral line, less crowded anteriorly; eye smaller,
usually more than 5 in head; upper lip with 3 or 4 rows of papil-
Vee ee Peres eee eee cee US elev to ere ne ae dene aye eh ae mie aay ore eters sucklit.
We doubt, however, if sucklit should be recognized even as a subspecies, and
for the present we combine the two.
In nearly all the young western specimens the dark spot at base of caudal
fin is quite distinct; there is often a similar dark spot above the ventral and
one just above the middle of the pectoral. All these disappear with age.
Catostomus nigricans Le Sueur. Hog Sucker; Stone-lugger. Kansas River
(Graham, 1885); Osage River (Cragin, 1885a); Little Piney River, Osage
Fork, Lock Fork, and Jones Creek, Mo.; Marais, Niangua, and Sac rivers, at
Dixon, Marshfield, and Springfield, Mo. (Meek, 1891). This common eastern
species seems not to occur in Nebraska, South Dakota, or Wyoming, but
reaches its western limit in the lower Missouri Basin.
Erimyzon sucetta oblongus (Mitchill). Chub Sucker, Professor Snow reports
this fish from the Kansas River at Lawrence (Cragin, 1885a).
Minytrema melanops (Rafinesque). Spotted Sucker; Striped Sucker. Missouri
River at Fort Pierre and Yellowstone River (as Piychostomus haydeni type,
Girard, 1856 and 1858); Osage River and Mill Creek (Cragin, 1885a). The
fact that this species has not been taken west of Missouri by any recent col-
lector makes its occurrence in the upper Missouri region questionable.
Moxostoma bucco (Cope). St. Joseph, Mo. (as Ptychostomus bucco type, Cope,
1871). Only the type known; a doubtful species.
Moxostoma aureolum (Le Sueur). Common Redhorse. Blackwater Creek at
Brownsville, Saline County, Mo.; Flat Creek, Sedalia, Mo. (as Moxostoma
macrolepidotum duquesnei, Jordan & Meek, 1885); plentiful in Kansas (Gra-
ham, 1885); Soldier and Shunganunga creeks, Silver Lake, Osage River, Blue
River, and Kansas River (Cragin, 1885a); La Mine River, Mo. (Jordan &
Meek, 1885); Shunganunga Creek, Topeka (as M. macrolepidotum, Gilbert,
1885); Solomon River, Beloit, Kans. (Hay, 1887); Osage River, Marshfield,
Mo.; Lock Fork, Mansfield, Mo.; Big Piney River, Cabool, Mo,; Little Piney
River, Newburg, and Arlington, Mo.; Gasconade River, Arlington, Mo.;
Marais River, Dixon, Mo.; Niangua River, Marshfield (as M. macrolepidotum
duquesnei, Meek, 1891) ; Big Sioux River at Sioux Falls and Sioux City (Meek,
1892); Belle Fourche River, Belle Fourche, 8S. Dak.; Redwater Creek, Belle
Fourche, §. Dak, ; and south fork of Cheyenne River, Cheyenne Falls, S. Dak.
FISHES OF THE MISSOURI RIVER BASIN. 395
(Evermann, 1893) ; Poplar River, Poplar, Mont. (Eigenmann, 1894); Floyd
River, Lemars, Iowa, and Blue River, Crete, Nebr. (as M. macrolepidotum
duquesnei, Meek, 1894) ; Dakota River at Jamestown (Woolman, 1896).
Many good-sized examples were obtained in 1892 at Belle Fourche from
the Redwater and the Belle Fourche. The collection of 1893 contains speci-
mens from the following places: Dakota River, Mitchell; Emanuel Creek,
Springfield; Choteau Creek, Springfield; Crow Creek, Chamberlain; canal
at Niobrara; Verdigris Creek, Verdigris; Elkhorn River, Norfolk Junction ;
Elkhorn River, Ewing; South Loup River, Ravenna; Long Pine Creek, Long
Pine; Niobrara River, Long Pine; North Platte River, Douglas; North Platte
River, Casper; Deer Creek, Glenrock; Clear Creek, Clermont. There is but
little variation among the specimens from different localities, either in num-
ber of fin rays, size of scales, or proportion of parts. The scales are, in many
specimens counted, 6 or 7-42 to 45-4 or 5. D.12 or 13; head 4} to 42; depth
34to4. In largespecimens the upper caudal lobe is the longer. Thisspecies
is of sufficient size and abundance to make it of considerable value as a food
fish in this region.
35. Placopharynx duquesnii (Le Sueur). Big-jawed Sucker. Floyd River at Sioux
City and Lemars, Towa (as P. carinatus, Meek, 1894).
36. Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque). Stone-roller. Platte River at Fort
Kearney (as C. hippops type, Cope, 1864 and 1865); Alma, Wabaunsee County,
Kans.; Kansas River, Topeka; Ellis, Ellis County, Kans. (Gilbert, 1884) ;
Blackwater Creek, Brownsville, Mo. ; Flat Creek, Sedalia, Mo.; Grand River,
Clinton, Mo.; Tabo Creek, Calhoun, Mo. (Jordan & Meek, 1885); common
in small streams in Kansas (Graham, 1885) ; Shunganunga Creek and Kansas
River at Topeka; Ward Creek, Shawnee County, Kans.; Alma and Ellis,
Kans. (Gilbert, 1885); Kansas River, Shunganunga, Mill, and Wild Cat
creeks, and Ellis (Cragin, 1885) ; Blacksmith Creek, Shawnee County, Kans.
(Gilbert, 1886) ; Solomon River, Beloit, Kans. ; north fork of Solomon River,
Lenora, Kans. ; Saline River, Wakeeney, Kans.; Smoky Hill River, Wallace,
Kans. (Hay, 1887); Middle Beaver Creek and Spring branch of Spring Creek,
Smith County, Kans. (Gilbert, 1889); Jones Creek, Dixon, Mo.; Big Piney
River, Cabool, Mo.; Osage Fork, Marshfield, Mo. ; Lock Fork, Mansfield,
Mo.; Marais River, Dixon, Mo.; Niangua River, Marshfield, Mo.; Sac River,
Springfield, Mo. (Meek, 1891); Floyd River, Sioux City, lowa (Meek, 1894) ;
Dakota River at Jamestown (Woolman, 1896).
Obtained by us as follows: Floyd River, Sioux City; Emanuel Creek,
Springfield; Enemy Creek, Mitchell; Prairie Creek, Scotland; Firesteel
Creek, Mitchell; Crow Creek, Chamberlain ; Wood Creek, Grand Island;
Chadron Creek, Chadron; Deer Creek, Glenrock. Not found in any of the
streams in or about the Black Hills; nor was it found in any of the streams
that are strongly alkaline in character. The largest specimens are those
from Chadron, some of which are about 5 inches long. No differences
between these and eastern specimens are apparent. Head 45; depth 44; eye
Bt; snout 2}; D. 8; A. 7; scales 8-52-7. The black band in the dorsal and
anal fins distinct in males; those from Glenrock paler. Glenrock, Wyo., is
the most western point from which this fish is known.
37. Chrosomus erythrogaster Rafinesque. Red-bellied Dace. Marais des Cygnes,
Kans. (Graham, 1885); north fork of Solomon River, Lenora, Kans. (Hay,
1887); Jones Creek, Dixon, Mo. ; Big Piney River, Cabool, Mo. ; Osage Fork,
Marshfield, Mo.; Marais River, Dixon, Mo.; Niangua River, Marshfield,
Mo.; Sac River, Springfield, Mo. (Meek, 1891).
38. Chrosomus dakotensis sp. nov. Type locality: Crow Creek, Chamberlain,
S. Dak., where 11 specimens were collected June 22, 1893. (Type, No. 45680,
U. S. Nat. Mus.)
396 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Closely related to Chrosomus erythrogaster. Head 35; depth 44; eye 34;
snout 44; D. 8; A. 8; scales about 80, 24 in cross series. Teeth 4—4, hooked,
and with a slight grinding surface. Body moderately stout, head heavy,
caudal peduncle shorter than in related species. Eye moderate, interorbital
width 3 in head; mouth small and oblique, maxillary short, not nearly reach-
ing vertical at front of eye, its length 14 in eye; lower jaw projecting. Fins
moderate; height of dorsal 14 in head, its origin behind the base of the
ventrals a distance greater than length of snout; anal similar to dorsal;
pectorals short, 14 in head; ventrals very short, not reaching anal. Color as
in C. erythrogaster, except that the back is darker and the upper dark line is
continuous and not broken up into spots; the lower black line is also more
distinct. Besides the 11 specimens obtained in Crow Creek we have two
from a pond at Niobrara and one from Minnechaduza Creek at Valentine,
Nebr. The specimens from Battle Creek, 8S. Dak., referred by Professor Cope
(1879) to Chrosomus sp., probably belong to this species.
39. Hybognathus nuchale Agassiz. Ward Creek, Menoken, Kans., and Kan-
sas River, Topeka (Gilbert, 1884); Hundred and Two River at Bedford,
Iowa, and Maryville, Mo.; Missouri River, St. Joseph (Jordan & Meek,
1885); Kansas River, Ward Creek, and Fort Riley (Cragin, 1885a); Piney
Creek, Texas County, Mo. (Call, 1887); Smoky Hill River, Wallace, Kans.
(Hay, 1887); north fork of Solomon River, Logan, Kans. (Gilbert, 1889);
Missouri River, Iowa; Big Sioux River, Sioux City, iowa; Soldier River,
Charter Oak, Iowa (Meek, 1892) ; Platte and Elkhorn rivers, Fremont, Nebr. ;
Salt Creek, Lincoln, Nebr.; Floyd River at Sioux City and Lemars, Iowa
(Meek, 1894); Dakota River at Jamestown (Woolman, 1896).
40. Hybognathus nuchale evansi (Girard). Missouri River at Fort Pierre, Nebr.
(as H. evansi type, Girard, 1856); Fort Pierre and Sweetwater River (Girard,
1858); upper Platte River (Cope, 1864a); Kansas River near Fort Riley
(Cope, 1865); Battle Creek, S. Dak. (Cope, 1879); Kansas River and other
branches of the Missouri (as H. placita, Graham, 1885); South Platte River,
Denver (as H. nuchalis placita, Jordan, 1891); Cottonwood, Hat, and Middle
creeks, and south fork of Cheyenne and Belle Fourche rivers, Black Hills
(as H. nuchalis placita, Evermann, 1893); Poplar River, Poplar, Mont. (as
H., placita, Kigenmann, 1894).
Our collections contain specimens from the following localities: Ponca
Creek near Niobrara; Bazile Creek, Niobrara; Platte River, Grand Island;
Wood Creek, Grand Island; Middle Loup River, Dunning; Niobrara River
north of Long Pine; South Loup River, Ravenna; Mud Creek, Ravenna;
Platte River, Fremont; White River, Chadron; Lone Tree Creek, Chadron;
Choteau Creek, Springfield; Cheyenne River near Hot Springs; Hat Creek,
Ardmore; Cottonwood Creek, Edgemont; Crow Creek, Chamberlain;
Emanuel Creek, Springfield; Belle Fourche River, Belle Fourche; Chey-
enne River, Edgemont; White River, Chamberlain; Middle Creek, Belle
Fourche; Powder River, Arvada; Beaver Creek, Newcastle; Platte River,
Douglas; Platte River, Casper.
The following notes are from a specimen 5 inches long, from Belle Fourche
River: Head 5; depth 4}; eye 5; snout 34; D.1, 8; A. 1,9; scales 6-40-17, 18
before dorsal; mouth small, slightly oblique, lower jaw included; maxillary
short, not reaching eye. Origin of dorsal a little in front of ventral, and
nearer snout than base of caudal; height of dorsal nearly equal to length of
head; interorbital width equal to length of snout to middle of pupil. Ina
specimen from Ravenna the scales count 6-43-5, 16 before the dorsal. There
is considerable variation in the snout, it being much more blunt in some
than in others, those from Ardmore being especially blunt. This minnow
seems to be peculiarly liable to be affected by parasites, a considerable
percentage of the specimens from Belle Fourche, Ravenna, and Cheyenne
Falls showing psorosperms embedded among the scales over different parts
FISHES OF THE MISSOURI RIVER BASIN. aod
of the body. Girard’s types of H. evansi came from Fort Pierre, Nebr., and
if identical with placitus the name evansi has precedence, and the form may
stand as Hybognathus nuchale evansi Girard.
41. Hybognathus argyrite Girard. Milk River (as H. argyritis type, Girard,
1856 and 1858, and Suckley, 1860). This is a doubtful species, probably
identical with H. evansi.
42. Hybognathus nubilum (Forbes). Piney Creek, Texas County, Mo. (Call, 1887);
Jones Creek and Marais River, Dixon, Mo.; Little Piney River at Arling-
ton and Newburg, Mo.; Osage Fork, Marshtield, Mo.; Lock Fork, Mansfield,
Mo.; Niangua River, Marshfield, Mo.; Sac River, Springfield, Mo. (Meek,
1891). Obtained by us at the following places: Floyd River, Sioux City;
Bazile Creek, Niobrara; Verdigris Creek, Verdigris; Elkhorn River, Nor-
folk Junction; Norfolk Creek, Norfolk; pond at Long Pine; Ponea Creek,
Niobrara; canal at Niobrara; pond at Creighton; Niobrara River north of
Long Pine; Emanuel Creek, Springfield; Choteau Creek, Springfield; Crow
Creek, Chamberlain; White River, Chamberlain; Platte River, Casper;
Powder River, Arvada.
A very large series of specimens of Hybognathus was collected, but we find
it extremely difficult to decide just how many and what species are repre-
sented. For the present it seems best to recognize nubila, argyrite nuchalis,
and var. evansi. The range of variation in each is great. H. nubila is the
more common form in eastern Nebraska and southwestern South Dakota,
and is distinguished by the much larger eye (less than 4 in head), the larger
mouth, more pointed snout, and the plumbeous lateral stripe; ordinarily
this lateral stripe is quite distinct and characteristic. This species is found
chiefly in the clearer, colder streams. Typical nuchale was found in Salt
Creek at Havelock, and Fremont, Nebr., and by Dr. Gilbert at several
places in Kansas. It is not unlikely that some of the specimens from middle
Nebraska, that we have identified with evansi, are really nuchale. The two
forms are very close and can be distinguished with difficulty. We identify
with evansi that form with a small eye (44 to 5} in head), short, blunt snout,
small mouth, and very pale coloration; it is perhaps more slender, also.
The specimens of H. nuchale have a somewhat larger eye (about 4 in head),
rather larger, sharper snout, and slightly darker coloration, in these respects
approaching nubilum.
43. Pimephales promelas Rafinesque. fat-head; Black-head Minnow. Yellow-
stone River (as P. fasciatus type, Girard, 1856); Yellowstone River and Milk
River (as P. fasciatus, Girard, 1858); Milk River (as P. fasciatus, Suckley,
1860); Kansas River near Fort Riley (Cepe, 1865); Missouri River near St.
Joseph (as Coliscus parietalis type, Cope, 1871); Battle Creek, S. Dak. (as
Hyborhynchus nigellus, Cope, 1879); Ward Creek, Menoken, Kans.; Shun-
ganunga Creek and Kansas River, Topeka; Ellis, Kans. (as P. confertus,
Gilbert, 1884); Hundred and Two River at Bedford, Iowa, and Maryville,
Mo. (Jordan & Meek, 1885); Kansas River (Graham, 1885); Kansas River
at Topeka, and small streams in Shawnee, Wabaunsee, and Ellis Counties,
Kans. (Cragin, 1885a); Blacksmith Creek, Shawnee County, Kans. (Gilbert,
1885); Solomon River, Beloit, Kans.; north fork of Solomon River at Kirwin
and Lenora, Kans.; Saline River, Wakeeney, Kans.; Smoky Hill River,
Wallace, Kans. (as P. promelas confertus, Hay, 1887); north fork of Solomon
River at Logan, Kans., and Middle Beaver Creek, Smith County, Kans. (Gil-
bert, 1889); Silver Lake, Iowa; Soldier River, Charter Oak, Iowa; Boyer
River, Arion, lowa (Meek, 1892); Blue River, Crete, Nebr.; Platte and Elk-
horn rivers, Fremont, Nebr.; Salt Creek, Lincoln, Nebr.; Floyd River at
Sioux City and Lemars, Iowa (Meek, 1894); Dakota River at Lamoure
(Woolman, 1896); Dover, 8. Dak. (Butler, 1896).
398
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Numerous specimens obtained by us at the following places: Enemy
Creek, Mitchell; Rock Creek, Mitchell; Dakota River, Mitchell; Choteau
Creek, Springfield; Emanuel Creek, Springfield; Prairie Creek, Scotland;
Crow Creek, Chamberlain; Rapid Creek, Rapid City; Hat Creek, Ardmore;
Cottonwood Creek, Edgemont; Middle Creek, Belle Fourche; French Creek
at Custer; Bazile Creek, Niobrara; pond at Niobrara; pond at Creighton;
Elkhorn River, Fremont; Elkhorn River, Norfolk Junction; Elkhorn River,
Ewing; Spring Creek, Bazile Mills; Salt Creek, Havelock; Mud Creek,
Ravenna; Long Pine Creek and ponds, Long Pine; Bone Creek, Long Pine;
Ingalls Lake, Long Pine; Chadron Creek, Chadron; South Loup River,
Ravenna; Dismal River, Dunning; Platte River, Fremont; Beaver Creek,
York; Niobrara River, Marsland; Blue River, Seward; Lincoln and Beaver
creeks, York; Minnechaduza Creek, Valentine; Clear Creek, Clermont.
In all the warmer, sluggish creeks with muddy bottom, and in all the
warmer ponds and stagnant pools of the prairie region from Illinois to Wyo-
ming, this, the fat-head or black-head minnow, is one of the most abundant
species. During the dry season many of the small streams are reduced to
isolated pools, mere mudholes, which are kept stirred up and rendered filthy
by the cattle which visit them to slake their thirst. In these pools, however
shallow and filthy they might be, we never failed to find this hardy, little
fish. There is no doubt that all the nominal species cited in the above
synonymy belong to a single species. There is considerable variation in the
development of the lateral line, the position of the dorsal, the shape of
the head, and the color; all of these, except the variation in the lateral line,
are accessory sexual characters. In breeding males the head is short, the
snout very blunt, and the origin of dorsal fin nearer tip of snout than base
of caudal; the males are very dark, sometimes the upper parts and entire
head being blue-black, while the females are much paler. The females are
more elongate, head larger, snout less blunt, and correlated with this is the
more posterior portion of the dorsal. Among twodozen examples studied,
all the females have the dorsal midway between the snout and base of caudal,
while in all the males the dorsal was nearer snout than base of caudal.
The lateral line is usually better developed on the females than on the males.
On a number of male examples we find from 9 to 28 pores and these are
often scattered (parictalis.) In several females we find the number of pores
varying from 20 to 46, or complete. A female 2% inches long, from Ingalls
Lake, is described as follows: Head 34; depth 34; eye 4; snout 43; D. 1, 8;
A. 7; scales 9-47-3, lateral line developed on 9 scales on one side and 2 on the
other. Body short and stout; snout blunt; caudal peduncle compressed,
deep, its least depth 2 in head. Origin of dorsal nearer snout than base of
anal, directly opposite ventrals. Entire head, except preopercle and free
edge of opercle, and upper parts blue-black, middle of side with a broad
plumbeous band; lower parts pale; fins all more or less thickly dusted with
fine dark spots; along dark blotch on anterior rays of dorsal; snout with
about 25 large tubercles, about 7 on tip of lower jaw. A female about 3
inches long from Lincoln Creek has the following characters: Head 4};
depth 44; eye 4%; snout 32; D.1, 8; A. 7; scales 9-46-4, the lateral line
nearly complete, 2 or 3 isolated scales without pores. Body more slender;
snout and head less blunt; caudal peduncle more slender, its least depth
more than 2 in head. Color pale; back and upper part of sides dusted with
fine dark specks; plumbeous lateral band faint; under parts pale; few fine
punctulations on fins; dorsal with a long black blotch on anterior rays.
The specimens from Hat Creek, 14 to 2 inches long, present the following
characters: Head 33, == depth; eye 34, = snout; dorsal I, 8; anal I, 7;
seales 10-55-5; lateral line decurved and iucomplete; scales small and
crowded anteriorly, about 30 before the dorsal; origin of dorsal in front of
FISHES OF THE MISSOURI RIVER BASIN. 399
ventrals, nearer snout than caudal. Snout blunt, mouth terminal, small,
oblique; head broad, interorbital width 24 in length of head. Teeth 4-4,
with rather broad grinding surface. Intestine more than twice the length
of body; peritoneum black. Color very pale; upper part of body with
numerous very small dark specks, a few narrow, indistinct lines on anterior
half, running from median line upward and backward; a dark line from
occiput to origin of dorsal; a rather distinct plumbeous band along lateral
line; base of caudal dark. The specimens from Middle and Beaver creeks
are considerably paler, the lateral plumbeous band being evident on caudal
peduncle.
44. Pimephales notatus (Rafinesque). Llunt-nosed Minnow. Ward Creek, Meno-
ken, Kans. (Gilbert, 1884); Hundred and Two River at Bedford, Iowa, and
Maryville, Mo.; Blackwater Creek, Brownsville, Saline County, Mo.; Flat
Creek, Sedalia, Mo.; Grand River, Clinton, Mo., and Tabo Creek, Calhoun,
Mo. (Jordan & Meek, 1885); Shunganunga and Ward creeks, Topeka
(Gilbert, 1885); Shunganunga and Ward creeks, Kans. (Cragin, 1885q);
Solomon River, Beloit, Kans.; north fork of Solomon River, Kirwin and
Lenora, Kans.; Saline River, Wakeeney, Kans. (Hay, 1887); Big Piney River,
Cabool, Mo.; Little Piney River, Arlington and Newburg, Mo.; Osage Fork,
Marshfield, Mo.; Lock Fork, Mansfield, Mo.; Marais River, Dixon, Mo.;
Niangua River, Marshfield, Mo.; Sac River, Springfield, Mo. (Meek, 1891);
Big Sioux River at Sioux City and Sioux Falls; Silver Lake, Iowa (Meek,
1892) ; Blue River, Crete, Nebr. ; Elkhorn River, Fremont, Nebr. ; Floyd River
at Sioux City and Lemars, Iowa (Meek, 1894); Dakota River at Lamoure
and Jamestown (Woolman, 1896).
45. Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill). Creek Chub. Fort Pierre, Nebr. (as S.
macrocephalus type, Girard, 1856 and 1858); Sweetwater River (as S. speciosus
type, Girard,.1856); tributary of Platte River (as S. speciosus, Girard, 1858) ;
Kansas River near Fort Riley (as S. hammondii type, Abbott, 1860); Platte
River (Cope, 1865); Kansas River near Fort Riley (as S. corporalis and S.
pallidus, Cope, 1865); Red Cloud Creek (Cope, 1870); Battle Creek, S. Dak.
(as S. corporalis, Cope, 1879); Shunganunga Creek, Topeka (as S. corporalis,
Gilbert, 1884); Hundred and Two River at Bedford, Iowa, and Maryville,
Mo.; Tabo Creek, Lexington and Calhoun, Mo.; Blackwater Creek, Browns-
ville, Saline County, Mo.; Flat Creek, Sedalia, Mo.; Grand River, Clinton,
Mo. (Jordan & Meek, 1885); Mill Creek, Wabaunsee County, Kans. (Gilbert,
1885); Shunganunga and Mill Creeks and Fort Riley, Kans. (Cragin, 1885a) ;
Mission and Blacksmith creeks, Shawnee County, Kans. (Gilbert, 1886);
Bear Creek, Boone County, Mo. (Call, 1887); Solomon River, Beloit, Kans. ;
north fork of Solomon River, Kirwin and Lenora, Kans.; Saline River,
Wakeeney, Kans.; Smoky Hill River, Wallace, Kans. (Hay, 1887); Republi-
can River, Wano, Kans. ; Middle Beaver Creek, Smith County, Kans.; Spring
Creek, Smith Center, Kans. (Gilbert, 1889); Big Piney River, Cabool, Mo.;
Little Piney River at Newburg and Arlington, Mo.; Jones Creek, Dixon, Mo.;
Gasconade River, Arlington, Mo.; Lock Fork, Mansfield, Mo.; Osage Fork,
Marshfield, Mo.; Marais River, Dixon, Mo.; Niangua River, Marshfield, Mo. ;
Sac River, Springfield, Mo. (Meek, 1891); South Platte River, Denver (Jor-
dan, 1891a); Soldier River at Charter Oak and Boyer River at Arion, Iowa
(Meek, 1892); Floyd River at Sioux City (Meek, 1894); Dakota River and
Pipestem Creek at Jamestown (Woolman, 1896).
Obtained by us at the following places: Floyd River, Sioux City; Bazile
Creek, Niobrara; Norfolk Creek, Norfolk Junction; Verdigris Creek, Verdi-
gris; Long Pine Creek, Long Pine; Bone Creek, Long Pine; Minnechaduza
Creek, Valentine; Chadron Creek, Chadron; Lone Tree Creek, Chadron;
White River, Crawford; Beaver Creek at York; Emanuel Creek, Springfield;
Crow Creek, Chamberlain; Beaver Creek, Buffalo Gap; Rapid Creek, Rapid
400 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
City; Redwater Creek, Spearfish; Spring Creek, Hill City; Crow Creek,
Gammon’s ranch; Chicken Creek, Spearfish; Belle Fourche River, Belle
Fourche; French Creek at Custer; Deer Creek, Glenrock; Big Geose Creek,
Sheridan. At most of these places it was quite abundant, especially in the
clear and moderately cold streams with gravelly bottoms. The largest
specimens obtained are from the Belle Fourche and from Rapid Creek, some
of which are over 8 inches in total length. Head 33; depth 44; eye 74;
snout 3; D. 8; A. 8; scales 11-56 to 59-6. These western specimens do not
differ appreciably from eastern specimens of this species.
46. Leuciscus elongatus (Kirtland). North fork of Solomon River, Lenora, Kans.
(as Squalius elongatus, Hay, 1887). This reference to the occurrence of this
fish in the Missouri Basin needs verification.
47. Leuciscus neogzeus (Cope). Fifteen specimens from Cox Lake and 10 from
Montana Lake. These examples vary in length from 2 to 34 inches, the
average being about 2? inches. Head 3} to4; depth 4 to 5; eye 3} to 4; D.
1, 8; A. 1, 8; scales about 80, 20 to 26 in transverse series, very small,
embedded and hard to count. Body stout, not compressed; head very broad
and heavy; snout moderate, oblique, the maxillary reaching orbit. Color
dark olive above, sides paler, under parts straw color, median line of back
black; middle of side with a narrow plumbeous band, ending in a small
black caudal spot. The band greenish posteriorly.
48. Leuciscus milnerianus (Cope). Probably Battle Creek, S. Dak. (as Phoxinus
milnerianus type, Cope, 1879). A species of doubtful validity.
49. Abramis crysoleucas (Mitchill). Golden Shiner; Roach. Blackwater Creek,
Brownsville, Saline, County, Mo.; Flat Creek, Sedalia, Mo. (as Notemigonus
americanus chrysoleucus, Jordan & Meek, 1885); eastern Kansas (as Notem- °
igonus chrysoleucus, Graham, 1885); Marais River, Dixon, Mo. (Meek, 1891);
Big Sioux River at Sioux Falls and Silver Lake, Iowa (Meek, 1892); Platte
River at Fremont; Floyd River at Sioux City, and Spirit Lake (Meek, 1894).
Not obtained by us except in ponds near Long Pine Creek, 10 miles north of
Long Pine, where it was common, and in bayous of Elkhorn River near
Ewing.
50. Cliola vigilax (Baird & Girard). Grand River at Clinton, Mo., and Tabo
Creek at Calhoun, Mo. (Jordan & Meek, 1885); Norfolk Creek, Norfolk
Junction; Floyd River, Sioux City; Elkhorn River at Fremont, Norfolk
Junction, and Ewing. This species was, contrary to what we had expected,
found to be rather uncommon in this region. Eastern Nebraska seems to
be the limit of its range northwestward. The largest specimens are 23
inches in total length. A typical example from Ewing shows the following
characters: Head 44+; depth 44; eye 4; snout 4; D.1, 8; A. 1, 7; scales
7-46-3, 21 before dorsal; lateral line complete, decurved. Body rather slen-
der; snout, blunt; top of head, flat; back, little arched; caudal peduncle,
long; mouth small, subinferior, nearly horizontal, maxillary barely reaching
eye; color, pale; back and upper parts of sides with small black specks on
borders of the scales forming cross-hatching on back; lower parts pale;
black caudal spot, not large; fins all plain, except a dark spot on front of
dorsal. Onsome specimens the caudal and dorsal spots were quite indistinct.
51. Cliola smithii sp. nov. Type lecality: Prairie Creek near Scotland, S. Dak., .
where 5 specimens were obtained June 26, 1893 (collectors, Evermann, Cox,
and Rutter). Associate type localities: Pond near Niobrara, Nebr., 1 speci-
men, June 28, 1893 (collectors, Evermann, Cox, and Rutter); Dismal River,
Dunning, Nebr., August 9, 1 specimen (collectors, Cox and Gillum). (Type,
No. 45681, U. S. Nat. Mus. Co-type, No. 3136, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus.)
Head 4; depth 33; eye 4; snout 4; interorbital width3; D.1, 8; A. 7;
scales 9-47-6, 27 before the dorsal. Teeth 4-4, not hooked, grinding surface
slightly developed. Intestine not long. Body short and stout, compressed ;
FISHES OF THE MISSOURI RIVER BASIN. 401
head moderate; mouth small, terminal, slightly oblique; maxillary not
reaching eye; preorbital broad. Back considerably arched, caudal peduncle
deep, its least depth 2 in head. Origin of dorsal fin over ventrals, nearer
snout than base of caudal. Color, above densely covered with fine, black
specks, giving a general blue-black appearance; sides with a broad plum-
beous band two-thirds as broad.as eye, darkest and best defined on caudal
peduncle; sides below this band with a few scattered specks anteriorly ;
lower part of caudal peduncle pale; top and upper parts of sides of head
bluish-black; dorsal, anal, and pectorals with a few dark specks; other fins
plain. Length, 2} inches.
Named for Dr. Hugh M. Smith, chief of the Statistical Division of the
United States Fish Commission.
52. Notropis cayuga Meek. Big Piney River, Cabool, Mo.; Osage River and Lock
Fork, Mansfield, Mo.; Niangua River, Marshfield, Mo. (Meek, 1891); Big
Sioux River, Sioux City, Iowa (Meek, 1892); Floyd River, Sioux City and
Lemars, Iowa (Meek, 1894); Dakota River at Jamestown (Woolman, 1896) ;
Floyd River, Sioux City; Dakota River and Enemy, Firesteel and Rock
creeks, Mitchell; Prairie Creek, Scotland; Choteau and Emanuel creeks,
Springfield; pond at Niobrara; Bazile Creek, Niobrara; pond at Verdigris;
pond at Creighton; Norfolk Creek, Norfolk Junction; Elkhorn River at
Ewing; creek at Ewing; ponds and creeks, Long Pine; Minnechaduza Creek,
Valentine; Chadron Creek, Chadron; Mud Creek, Ravenna.
From the above it will be seen that this small minnow is one of the most
abundant species in eastern South Dakota and Nebraska. The most westerly
point at which we obtained it is Chadron, Nebr., and as but a single specimen
was found there, its occurrence at that place is probably exceptional. At
Valentine, about 130 miles east of Chadron, it was found in considerable
numbers, and eastward from Valentine it was abundant in all suitable places.
This is preeminently a species of the pools, ponds, and small lakes.
While we might not find it, even with careful seining, in the clear running
streams, we seldom failed to take it in abundance in any overflown pond or
small lake that we found along the streams. It was very abundant in the
ponds at Creighton and Long Pine. Choteau Creek, in which it was also
abundant, is a slow, sluggish creek, much like a pond in many respects. In
such waters as these, when the bottom was of mud, or mud and coarse
gravel, and where there was considerable vegetation, Potamogeton, Chara, and
various species of Algw, would we find Notropis cayuga in greatest numbers.
The last week of June seems to be its spawning season in this region; many
of the specimens taken at Creighton, June 29, were full of ripe spawn.
Considerable variation in the intensity of the coloration is shown by
these collections, the specimens from the cooler, clearer ponds being much
darker than those from warmer streams.
The following description is drawn up from a typical specimen, 2} inches
long, from Prairie Creek: No. 1745. Head 32; depth 4%; eye 345; snout 4;
D.1, 8; A. 8; scales 6-35-3, 15 before dorsal; lateral line incomplete, irreg-
ularly broken. Body slender, head moderate, back little arched, peduncle
long and slender, mouth moderate, somewhat oblique, terminal; maxillary not
reaching eye; eye large. Origin of dorsal slightly behind ventrals, midway
between snout and base of caudal; pectorals short; 14 in head, not reaching
ventrals; ventrals shorter than pectorals, reaching vent; caudal deeply
forked. Color of back dark, covered with fine brownish points, thickest on
edges of scales, forming cross-hatching on entire length of back; middle of
sides with a broad dark band from base of caudal fin along course of lateral
line across opercle, and meeting its fellow around snout, not on lower lip;
under parts pale, except a dark line from anus along base of anal fin and
Hho
402
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
under side of caudal peduncle and on to caudal fin; fins all more or less
dusted with fine dark points. The only species with which this fish is likely
to be confused are the closely related species N. heterodon and N. anogenus.
These three species bear a very close superficial resemblance to each other.
They were first critically compared and their differential characters pointed
out by Dr. Meek in his Fishes of the Cayuga Lake Basin. The following
key will enable one to distinguish them:
a. Black of nose not extending to lower lip; snout blunt, month small, sub-
inferior, little oblique....-..--.-.-.-----.--.--.-------- ---- ----cayuga.
aa. Black of nose upon lower lip as well as upon upper.
b. Snoutsharp; mouth large, oblique, the lower jaw scarcely included - heterodon.
bb. Snout more blunt; mouth very small, very oblique........--.--.- anogenus.
A comparison of ourspecimens of cayuga with others from northern Indiana
shows no marked differences.
53. Notropis heterodon (Cope). Smoky Hill River, Wallace, Kans. (as N. germanus
type, Hay, 1887); Silver Lake, Iowa (Meek, 1892).
54. Notropis blennius (Girard). Missouri River at St. Joseph (as Hybopsis mis-
suriensis type, Cope, 1874); Ward Creek, Shawnee County, Kans. (as Cliola
straminea, Gilbert, 1884); Hundred and Two River at Bedford, Iowa, and
Maryville, Mo.; Missouri River, St. Joseph; Tabo Creek, Lexington, Mo.;
Blackwater Creek, Brownsville, Saline County, Mo.; Flat Creek, Sedalia,
Mo.; Grand River, Clinton, Mo.; Tabo Creek, Calhoun, Mo, (as N. deliciosus,
Jordan & Meek, 1885); Kansas River branches (as N. deliciosa, Graham, 1885) ;
Piney River, Texas County, Mo. (as N, deliciosus, Call, 1887); Solomon River,
Beloit, Kans.; north fork of Solomon River at Kirwin and Lenora, Kans. ;
Saline River, Wakeeney, Kans.; Smoky Hill River, Wallace, Kans. (as N.
deliciosus, Hay, 1887); Republican River, Wano, Kans. ; Sappa Creek, Oberlin
Kans.; Logan, Kans.; Middle Beaver Creek, Smith County, Kans.; Spring
Creek, Smith Center, Kans.; Osage River, La Cygne, Kans. (as N. deliciosus
lineolatus, Gilbert, 1889); Sac River, Springfield, Mo. (as NV. deliciosus, Meek,
1891); Big Sioux River at Sioux Falls and Sioux City; Boyer River at Arion,
Iowa (as N. deliciosus, Meek, 1892); Platte and Elkhorn rivers at Fremont;
Blue River at Crete; Salt Creek at Lincoln; and Floyd River at Sioux City
and Lemars (Meek, 1894); Dakota River at Lamoure and Jamestown (Wool-
man, 1896).
Found by us at the following places: Floyd River, Sioux City; Verdigris
Creek, Verdigris; Norfolk Creek, Norfolk Junction; Salt Creek, Havelock;
Chadron Creek, Chadron; Mud Creek, Ravenna; Schlegel Creek, Valentine;
Minnechaduza Creek, Valentine; Elkhorn River, Norfolk Junction; Elkhorn
River, Ewing; Bazile Creek, Niobrara; Long Pine Creek, Long Pine; White
River, Chadron; canal at Niobrara; Niobrara River, Valentine; Niobrara
River, north of Long Pine; Wood Creek, Grand Island; South Loup River,
Ravenna; Lincoln Creek, York; Dismal River, Dunning; Middie Loup River,
Dunning; Beaver Creek, York; Ingalls Lake, Long Pine; Platte River,
Grand Island; White River, Crawford; Niobrara River, Marsland; Belle
Fourche River, Belle Fourche; Middle Creek, Belle Fourche; Cheyenne
River, Hot Springs; Cottonwood Creek, Edgemont; Hat Creek, Ardmore;
Rapid Creek, Rapid City; Beaver Creek, Buffalo Gap; Dakota River,
Mitchell; Crow Creek, Chamberlain; Redwater Creek, Spearfish; Deer
Creek, Glenrock; Platte River, Glenrock; Garden Creek, Casper; Platte
River, Douglas.
This is one of the most abundant and widely distributed of the Cyprinidae,
it being found from the Great Lakes to Virginia, and westward to Wyoming
and south to Texas. It is subject to great variation, and many nominal
species have been based upon the differences in eye, snout, or seales pre-
sented by specimens from different parts of itsrange. None of these is, how-
ever, worthy of specific recognition, though several of the more pronounced
forms may be recognized as subspecies.
FISHES OF THE MISSOURI RIVER BASIN. | 403
The very large series of specimens and the numerous localities represented
in the present collection show most perplexing variations even in this basin.
As arule the individuals from any particular stream can be told from those
from any other stream. The differences lie chiefly in the relative bluntness
of the snout, the stoutness of the body, size of eye, size and arrangement of
the scales, and in the color. A typical specimen from Glenrock, Wyo., has
the head 4; depth 4; eye 34; snout 4}; D. 1, 8; A. 7; scales 6-34-3. One
from Floyd River, Sioux City, has the eye somewhat larger (34), and the
snout shorter and more blunt (4). One from Rapid City, head 43; depth 4};
eye 33; snout 4; scales 6-35-3. All the specimens from this place have
short, blunt heads and rather large eyes. One from Belle Fourche agrees
with the Rapid City specimens except that the scales are rather smaller,
7-36-4. The lot from Fremont has larger scales (6-33-3), sharper snout, and
more distinct plumbeous lateral band than those from farther west. The
number of scales before the dorsal varies from 14 to 20, the usual number
being 15 or 16. This does not seem to be correlated with any other variable
character. The teeth, in numerous examples examined, were 4+, hooked,
and with slight grinding surface on two or three teeth.
55. Notropis scylla (Cope). Osage River, Mo. (as ? Alburnus lineolatus type,
Agassiz, 1863); Red Cloud Creek, tributary of Platte River (as Hybopsis scylla
type, Cope, 1871); upper Missouri region (as Cliola chlora type, Jordan,
1878) ; Marais des Cygnes (as N. lineolatus, Graham, 1885); South Platte River,
Denver (Jordan, 1891a). If all of these references really belong to one species,
it would stand as Notropis lineolatus (Agassiz).
56. Notropis topeka (Gilbert).
Cliola (Hybopsis) topeka Gilbert, Bull. Washburn Lab. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, No.1.
13, September, 1884. Type locality: Shunganunga Creek, Topeka, Kans,
Notropis wneolus Hay, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1887, 245. Type locality: Saline
River, Wakeeney, Kans.
Hundred and Two River, Bedford, Iowa (Jordan & Meek, 1885); Shunga-
nunga Creek and Ellis, Kans. (Cragin, 1885a); Smoky Hill River, Wallace,
Kans. ; north fork of Solomon River, Kirwin, Kans.; Solomon River, Beloit,
Kans. (Hay, 1887); Sappa Creek, Oberlin, Kans. (Gilbert, 1889); Boyer River
at Arion, Iowa; Big Sioux River, Sioux City, lowa (Meek, 1892); Floyd
River at Sioux City and Lemars, Iowa; Salt Creek, Lincoln, Nebr.; and
Blue River at Crete, Nebr. (Meek, 1894); Firesteel and Enemy, Rock creeks,
Mitchell; Prairie Creek, Scotland; pond at Creighton.
The localities in which we found this pretty little fish are, as may be
noticed, all close together. In Kansas it was found by Drs. Gilbert and Hay
considerably farther west. All the waters in which we took it were pond-
like, isolated portions of streams which dry up in parts of their course
during dry weather. These ponds are partly supplied from small springs,
the water is usually rather clear and cool, and there is an abundance of water
vegetation. The bottom is mostly soft mud.
Male: Head 34; depth 34; eye 44; snout 3}; interorbital width 23; D.1, 8;
A. 1, 7; scales 6-35-4, about 12 scales before the dorsal; lateral line more or
less broken, slightly decurved; body short, compressed, and deep; head
rather small, snout blunt; mouth somewhat oblique, subterminal, lower jaw
included; maxillary not reaching eye; back somewhat elevated; caudal
peduncle deep, 2 in head; fins moderate; dorsal inserted opposite ventrals,
its height 14 in head; pectorals short, 1} in head. Color greenish above,
orange below; scales above lateral line dark-edged; a rather distinct plum-
beous lateral band; fins all rich red inlife. Snout, top of head, and back as
far as dorsal fin thickly covered with strong tubercles; scattered tubercles on
sides; scales on ventral surface in front of ventral fins greatly thickened.
Female: Head a little shorter, fins not so red, and no tubercles.
Of the 31 specimens from Creighton, all but 8 are females, most of which
404 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
are nearly ripe with spawn. Al] but 8 of those from Prairie Creek are nearly
ripe females; while all of those from Firesteel Creek are males.
57. Notropis gilberti Jordan & Meek.
Notropis gilberti Jordan & Meek, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1885, 4. Type locality:
Valley Creek, Ottumwa, Iowa.
Grand River, Clinton, and Tabo Creek, Calhoun, Mo. (Jordan & Meek,
1885); South Platte River at Denver (Jordan, 1891a); Boyer River, Arion,
Towa; Soldier River, Charter Oak, Iowa (Meek, 1892); Verdigris Creek,
Verdigris; canal at Niobrara; creek at Norfolk Junction; creek at Ewing;
Bone Creek, Long Pine. This little fish seems to be quite rare. We found
it in but five places and secured but 18 specimens. It appears to prefer the
small streams or rivulets with sandy bottom and some current.
58. Notropis piptolepis (Cope). Red Cloud Creek, a tributary of the North
Platte (as Photogenis piptolepis type, Cope, 1871). Not obtained by any other
collector.
59. Notropis shumardi (Girard). Jones Creek, Dixon, Mo.; Little Piney River
at Newburg and Arlington, Mo.; Gasconade River, Arlington, Mo. (as NV. boops,
Meek, 1891).
60. Notropis hudsonius (Clinton). ‘Kansas River branches” (Graham, 1885);
Wild Cat Creek, Kans. (Cragin, 1885a); Big Sioux River at Sioux City
(Meek, 1892); Floyd River at Sioux City; Spirit, East Okoboji, and West
Okoboji lakes (Meek, 1894). This species was obtained by us at Mitchell,
S. Dak., in Rock and Firesteel creeks, and in the Dakota River, where 45
specimens were collected. In the Dakota River, just below the milldam,
we found it in abundance; none of the specimens, however, was over 3
inches in length. In Spirit Lake and the other lakes about it this is the
most abundant minnow, and the principal live bait used by the anglers who
frequent these lakes. From all other Cyprinide of the Missouri River this
species may be known by the large black spot at the base of the tail, and
the broad silver band on the side. The teeth of this species have usually
been given as 1, 4-4,0 or 1. As early as 1886 it was shown by Evermann
& Bollman* that they are often 1, 4-4, 2, or even 2, 4-4, 2. An examination
of numerous specimens in the present collection shows the same range in
variation, even in examples from the same locality. The form described in
1893 from Winnipeg as Notropis scopiferus, by Eigenmann & Eigenmann,
seems to be this species, with the teeth 2, 4-4, 2.
61. Notropis lutrensis (Baird & Girard). Big Creek, Hays City, Kans. (Ever-
mann, collector, 1879); St. Joseph, Mo. (as Cyprinella billingsiana type and
as Moniana jugalis type, Cope, 1871); Ward Creek, Shawnee County, Kans.
(as Cliola (?) gibbosa, Gilbert, 1884); Hundred and Two River at Bedford,
Towa, and Maryville, Mo.; Tabo Creek, Lexington, Mo.; Blackwater Creek,
Brownsville, Saline County, Mo.; Flat Creek, Sedalia, Mo.; Grand River,
Clinton, Mo.; Tabo Creek, Calhoun, Mo. (Jordan & Meek, 1885); Kansas
River and Missouri River at St. Joseph (as JN. billingsiana, Graham, 1885) ;
“‘very abundant in Kansas” (Graham, 1885); Shunganunga and Ward creeks,
Shawnee County, Kans. (Gilbert, 1885); Missouri River at St. Joseph, and
Shunganunga and Ward creeks, Kans. (Cragin, 1885a); Republican River,
Concordia, Kans. ; Solomon River, Beloit, Kans. ; north fork of Solomon River
at Kirwin and Lenora, Kans.; Saline River, Wakeeney, Kans.; Smoky Hill
River, Wallace, Kans. (Hay, 1887); Sappa Creek, Oberlin, Kans.; Logan,
Kans.; Middle Beaver Creek, Smith County, Kans. ; Spring Creek, Smith Cen-
ter, Kans.; Osage River, La Cygne, Kans. (Gilbert, 1889); Little Piney River at
Arlington and Newburg, Mo.; Marais River, Dixon, Mo. (Meek, 1891); South
H. Bollman. Proc. N. Y. Ac. Sei. 1886, 335-840.
FISHES OF THE MISSOURI RIVER BASIN. 405
1892); Blue River at Crete; Elkhorn and Platte rivers at Fremont; Salt Creek
at Lincoln; Floyd River at Sioux City and Lemars (Meek, 1894) ; canal at Nio-
brara; Elkhorn River, Norfolk J unction and Ewing; Verdigris Creek, Ver-
digris; Bazile Creek, Niobrara; Niobrara River at Long Pine and Valentine;
Long Pine Creek at Long Pine; Beaver Creek at York; Lincoln Creek at
York and Seward; creek at Ewing; Blue River, Crete; Salt Creek, Havelock;
Mud Creek, Ravenna; South Loup River, Ravenna; Middle Loup River,
Dunning; Blue River, Seward; Wood Creek, Grand Island; Dismal River at
Dunning; Platte River, Grand Island; Dakota River at Mitchell; Enemy and
Rock creeks at Mitchell; Crow Creek, Chamberlain; Emanuel and Choteau
creeks, Springfield; North Platte River, Douglas.
As will appear from the localities given above, this is an abundant and
generally distributed fish in Nebraska and South Dakota. It has been found
by Professor Meek as far east as Des Moines, and by Mr. A. J. Woglman as
far south as Chihuahua. It was found by us in nearly all the streams which
we examined in eastern South Dakota and in Nebraska. In northwestern
Nebraska and in the region in and about the Black Hills we did not find
it; and Douglas, Wyo., is the only place in that State where we met with
it. The most western place in Nebraska at which it was obtained is
Ravenna. The longest specimens we have are 3z inches long. Ge Seg Cece acosaal aaisonc
6 | Scaphirhynchus platorynchus......-... x x< Xx oil lpGotee x x Pa eee oe
LEPISOSTEID.
7 | Lepisosteus osseus .............-...-.. x x X |ew---- BS |laqsogs|lancode||eceose|lessaca
8 | Lepisosteus platostomus ............-..|------|------ Xe eisieeie X46 Wocdoadilecascellsesoac||eeosce
AMIID.
OM MeArTn a Calliviciiene tae ts celalaleisiateis a eeisiniatcereracsisiei= i= Sersieinle 2 |feoceos| poe nsallceoscaliecosae|leadeaclleesand
SILURID AS.
10 | Ictalurus furcatus...... alaleislainialsinisieee ae 2 Hisseaiss Pe aecbce| Paepral Beoseel sosso5 loceacdlloccons
1 Ale talurns punctatus! -) 6-1-2 ele ae x x x Xx es eends Xx Ki Merce
127 PAIN OLUPUS MN Aba S|) / Gat Aes tee eeealloeeon becsos
23) |\Canpiodes.carnpiossc-seneseenaeceeeeneee ae leeeoee x x x) geese wile secelee ches lseeees
24a Carpiodestvelitereeen eran reene en eee x x x 5 3 Alsat ol amie S$ flsonoae
43 | Pimephales promelas.................. x x x x x x SE MWlbeesca)|bacose
44 | Pimephales notatus...-.......--....... x< x < || Soeees YP lisaece|Sacsoollasooes
45 | Semotilus atromaculatus x |) BK RESK OS aS ar as eects
46 | Leuciscus elongatus....
47 | Leuciscus necgeus -----
48) euciscus milnerianuss ass cccnee scones cece os semeee lseeemel seeese
FISHES OF THE MISSOURI RIVER BASIN. 427
Distribution of the Fishes of the Missouri Basin—Continued.
O° °
2, F a canaconer al es
No. Families and species. 5 a a A A | a |
} * S s | aa 8 8 =
D Ss a BR we) ~ = ° SI
a a 8 o = 5 ° ‘a ra
Sa Se Wee ir icon | i Sti Ie Bees:
CYPRINID—continued.
49 | Abramis crysoleucas ..............---- 4
On Pp Clolanvagilaxeaceacst cma aseclemce secs x
Hil Cliola smi thitees encase cces ciassict oncl mace calecnceclleosece
5D) | MNOCLOPIS) CA DA nece cess enisines ie cinacis x
Roa PNOLPOpisneterodONeccceeemcateene cee ee| sane ae
BAU eNotropisiblonniusees.--c-el-eceses see es x
is || ING RNs) Sey Bycaessaadoos suecacdoocoUr x
5GWeNOLLOPIS! LOPE a j-mis-\-c ocak ecacee x
70 | Notropis rubrifrons ....--. etal Aeinc wicks x
71 | Notropis umbratilis umbratilis......-. x
72.| Phenacobius mirabilis................- x
73 || Phenacobius scopifer..............--.. x
74 | Rhinichthys cataracts dulcis ......--.|.-----
75 | Rhinichthys atronasus ...........--...|------
76) | ely bopsisestivalisi)..-2<4.0c-o2 ssaces|-ores-
Till PLY DOPSISINY.OStOMUS! ss. 42ece 1c oes al =e
7S \eebybopsisleoliduses:- ras sscneccuneriaes|sen cos
TOMlELY DO pSisameelkieeeres seem eee ce aee ee x
Gr) || JERyyaERHS Tinie) Sa Hoge cena bak steel sosoe boleecl Webood |sauacsbesdae
Si) |PELy bopsisidissimilis ea coecceccoal eee one x
82) | Peby bopsisstorerianuse-soe.sesscecceaee x
83 | Hybopsis kentuckiensis..............- x
Stale Couesitis qissimalises cme cm cccece race cee leeeinaa| setae sa lecesers
85 | Platygobio gracilis ..... evusecceccocces| X x
ANGUILLIDZ.
Gn eameuillachrysy passes see eee ese oes esas leases 4 Nobadeal beecod bcadss| eeacee| Heascc|bqo5es
HIODONTID.
Sia ee odoniglosoides -sascsccsenenes cosenes x x x x x) Ileosos+ x< > NGhbS4
Sguipetiodonytercisuge.: 4). 4—sacisee ee eieesec|s- 77,062 | 1,461, 741 106, 784 327, 192
Coral, pearls, etc. .-------------- 202+ -- 22 eee eee eee ee |eee erento CEB) | ES cemeccased|boecdnance
Total France ..-----------e------ ee eee ener e eee ne|--- =e eee TEPC O OU |sacoeoabesne 959, 569
German Empire:
Herring - 2.02 ------ eee ee cee n ec ence ees ee ener eres: PBR CNO | eR TEE Olde eens cecoae||ooceeceaat
Italy: aaa
‘Wish of all sorts-.----------0--sss ee a es oee Sree TO 1e1675 8945 |b 7950790) |eeeeee eens * 2,999
Portugal:
Cod . 22. ene nw eee cee erent nnn e nee sereeenn- 43, 126, 385 1, 789, 560 * 4,100 * 204
Russia:
Fish, salted or dried -..--.-----+---+-----+----+---- 287, 607,104 | 4,901,484 |..-...------]-------.--
Spain:
Cod and stock fish, salted..---.-------------------- 97,811,488 | 4,795,278 |..-.-.------|------ ==
Sweden: SoM
Fish, fresh, salted, etc...---------------+---++----- 96, 554, 990 OTUs lomcossodcss *154
United Kingdom:
Fresh fish ..-.......--------------------+eeeee----- 134, 153, 488 2, 429, 766 41, 664 7,413
Salted or prepared fish 115, 400, 320 9, 095, 814 | 13, 896, 736 | 1, 468, 912
Shellfish, all sorts --.------------------------------- 36, 715, 616 1, 354, 453 | 17, 542, 784 522, 862
Isinglass BS deedaaadebdacobseSosscemao 900, 144 CEE pec seep sol ibeeedaScicc
Marine oils ...-.-.--.------------+--------++--+-8--- 32, 237, 120 2, 014, 604 3, 568, 320 150, 890
Marine shells -....-----..----------------- 0-2 eee -lee---- 202 -- POOH eoomsgdosse5 *51, 028
Sponges ...----.--------------- 22-2 -- enero e eee 1, 325, 133 893, 465 135, 562 64, 320
MWwihalebonolee ce nerceres ceecsceia .c SOS CORDS SOOO Ee HouO Oe BOSCO GE ne OC CEnOBBEHed Cecossapce 15, 321, 009 474, 529
UGB) cosoodsosas dada shcgansonocoscollédécesesodco bacbeadeud eoecenesono lpeeaaneeee 15, 860, 390 572, 533
Liste a mmincocascopo pCO Soon cepEetese (a) (a) 18, 910, 863 | $587, 852 | 19, 926, 286 708, 170
UED- secodacnspocgacotesadoncacacas (a) (a) 18, 315, 020 583, 943 | 19, 651, 561 736, 765
USE pS Goee a GOODE SODSPPooaSsuccoc (a) (a) 19, 702, 995 524, 168 | 21, 006, 699 668, 887
UG con soéomdenoqnossneeceboaddsenas (a) (a) 26, 911, 790 634, 848 | 28, 495, 254 754, 209
To aS Se OER AOD COOCE OAS EaeCOSnG 2, 879, 054 | $105, 675 | 26, 165, 772 539, 668 | 33, 388, 190 867, 490
RS OMe eee em iecinctce since aasciecee 3, 048, 791 196, 221 | 40, 557, 570 584, 616 | 48, 393, 895 928, 344
NS WO saretaeisele aan aeiccisiesiciscciccle'wcicle’s 2, 648, 678 86, 103 | 83, 373, 961 551, 680 | 40, 871, 201 879, 205
ASO eascaweescsccsenekewccesecesc ss (a) (a) 22, 030, 351 549, 456 | 23, 612, 070 652, 271
NEO B et occoeccicciccisiccsees sca seeeces (a) (a) 9, 370, 965 405, 305 | 10, 613, 725 510, 870
PSO Remae we smeae roe sac cetecinc wise eae (a) (a) 10, 867, 641 418, 980 | 12, 106, 246 535, 104
OOAw ceasericcescseccccerccce aaHOHEe (a) (a) 9,681,799 | 407, 228 | 11,573, 541 563, 391
a Classed with ‘‘All others.”’
446 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Table 9 shows the quantities and values of dried cod, smoked herring,
and other dried or smoked fish imported for consumption. A duty of
one-half cent per pound was imposed on these imports prior to 1891, and
since then it has been three-fourths of a cent per pound, the effect of this
increase being apparent in the diminished receipts in 1891 and the fol-
lowing years. The large and abrupt decrease in imports in 1886 was
due to the termination of the Washington treaty, which admitted free
of duty fish from the British North American Provinces. The slight
difference in the imports of dried or smoked fish during the first and
the last year here reported is somewhat noticeable.
9. Statement of the dry-salted and smoked fish imported for consumption into the United
States during each year from 1869 to 1894, inclusive.
Cod, haddock, hake A
’ J , S hers. Total.
Vent ending aio Herring Othe ta
CL = SS a SSS
Pounds. | Values. | Pounds.* | Values. | Pounds. | Values. | Pounds. | Values.
(a) (a) (a) (a) 8, 943, 318 | $287,934 | 8,943,318 | $287, 934
(a) (a) (a) (a) 7, 209, 130 263, 982 | 7, 209, 130 263, 982
(a) (a) (a) (a) 6, 762, 520 | 249, 691 | 6,762,520] 249, 691
(a) (a) (a) (a) 3,558,990 | 130,039 | 3,558,990 | 130, 039
(a) (a) (a) (a) 5, 128,404 | 190,693 | 5,128,404] 190, 693
(a) (a) 1, 029,095 | $34, 670 | 7,227,130 | 212,376 | 8,256,225 | 247, 046
(a) (a) 1,547,245 | 63,223 | 8,284,969 | 284,073 | 9,832,214 | 347, 296
(a) (a) 1, 535, 950 57,560 | 6,728, 177 235, 365 | 8, 264, 127 292, 925
(a) (a) 1,582,853 | 39, 459 | 6,389,522) 281,781 | 7,972,375 | 321,240
(a) (a) 2,109,150} 52,715 11,088,603 | 356,351 |13,197,753 | 409, 066
(a) (a) 1,912,355 | 46,975 12,336,836 | 407,363 /14, 249,191 | 454, 338
(a) (a) 2, 543, 075 69, 986 (15, 074, 528 449, 044 17, 617, 603 519, 030
(a) (a) 3, 384, 215 92, 604 (23, 670, 336 703, 249 |27, 054, 551 795, 853
(a) (a) 5, 441, 805 134, 378 |24, 190, 551 779, 063 |29, 632, 356 913, 441
(a) (a) 3, 283, 890 120, 014 |27, 427, 083 |1, 170, 513 |30, 710, 973 | 1, 290, 527
WS84e Seosccscerce 26, 828, 085 | $993, 489 | 8, 330, 641 137,975 | 3,904, 676 147, 561 |39, 063, 402 | 1, 279, 025
TRS he es Ae 32, 326,686 | 943,116 |10, 441,355 | 129,034 | 4,843,457 | 170, 650 |47, 611,498 | 1, 242, 800
iso a ee 10, 998, 072 | 286,505 | 4,246,970 | 64,457 | 5,402,340 | 173,586 |20, 647,382 | 524,548
SR ie cece sel ae 8, 997, 750 264, 260 | 5, 533, 802 86, 390 | 5, 252, 836 161, 341 |19, 784, 388 511, 991
ISSSP ee news. 10, 446,892 | 316,259 | 3,994,101 86, 607 | 4,759,754 | 178,573 |19, 200, 747 581, 439
Se ee es ceea cas 9,752,941 | 217, 687 | 4,226,839 | 122,027 | 5,040,840 | 169, 682 /19, 020, 620 609, 396
110 es eee oe 8,303, 585 | 247, 327 | 4, 824, 261 99, 362 | 5,525,606 | 188, 685 |18, 653, 452 535, 374
NEOUS 2 Sere sea 6, 845,576 | 254,074 | 3, 723, 654 91, 032 | 2, 152, 448 89, 716 |12, 721, 678 434, 822
TOO Dee cee cee 5, 804, 548 229, 255 | 2,294, 159 52, 442 | 1, 839, 126 83, 236 | 9, 941, 833 364, 933
TROBE cmatiseseee 7, 433, 163 291, 531 | 1,710, 634 33, 815 | 1,792, 958 75, 953 |10, 936, 755 401, 299
89 Aes serene 5, 468, 750 202, 725 852, 480 23,570 | 1,728, 111 66, 406 | 8, 049, 341 292,701
Total .. .|b133,206,048 |b4,346, 228 |c74,548, 529 |c1,638,295 216,262,249 | 7,506,906 |424, 020,826 | 13,491,429
* From 1874 to 1883, inclusive, the weight is estimated at 5 pounds per box.
a Included with ‘‘ Others.”
b Exclusive of 1869-1883.
c Exclusive of 1869-1873.
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES. 447
Brine-salted fish constitute the most important class of fishery prod-
ucts imported into this country. Herring and mackerel are the most
important species, the others being salmon, cod, etc. Of the 5,054,554
barrels of brine-salted fish imported for consumption during the twenty-
six years ending in 1894, as shown in Table 10, 56 per cent were herring,
37 per cent mackerel, and 3 per cent salmon. However, the herring
only slightly exceeded the mackerel in total value, the imports of the
former being worth $16,978,802, and of the latter $16,401,462. The
imports of pickled fish vary somewhat from year to year, yet the gen-
eral increase is quite noticeable.
The rate of duty on herring and mackerel during the period herein
reported has been uniformly $1 and $2 per barrel, respectively. On
salmon, previous to 1884, the duty was $3 per barrel, and since then
only $2 per barrel. The rate of duty on other pickled fish was $1.50
previous to 1884 and $2 per barrel since then. These tariff rates, how-
ever, did not relate to the imports from the British North American
Provinces during the operation of the Washington treaty.
10. Statement of the brine-salted or pickled fish imported for consumption into the United
States during each year from 1869 to 1894, inclusive.
Herring. » Mackerel. Salmon. Others.a Total.
Year
ending :
June 30— Barrels.| Values. | Barrels.| Values. ae Values. a Values. | Barrels.| Values.
91,568) $425,213| 27,481) $306,696, 8,455) $110,591) 9,732! $65,539) 137, 236) $908, 039
87,284) 398,596) 28,480) 291,528) 10,620) 137,055) 9,961) 69,797) 136,345) 896, 976
62,022) 356,760} 28,479) 309,074) 9,356) 145,264) 7,003) 52,705} 106,860) 863, 803
62,475, 332,707; 39,572) 247,701, 5,344) 80,171; 7,455 36,363) 114,846) 696,942
63,498) 352,235) 70,651) 523,577) 4,579) 73,231) 4,555) 31,683) 143,283) 980, 726
82,739) 433,999) 90,874! 806,089) 4,875! 65,626) 9,770! 54,602! 188, 258] 1, 360,316
98,191} 516,973) 78,132) 587,349) 4,812) 62,940) 9,393) 60,873) 190, 528) 1, 228, 135
AS76ec. 5. 107,319} 493,162 76,599 695,917 4,200| 49,970, 8,852 54,172] 196,970} 1, 293, 221
TSWesseee 76,699] 397,522} 44,178, 373,897) 5,438) 61,733) 16,390, 93,254] 142,705] 926, 406
Cy 95,308) 431,832, 102,001, 907,081) 8,595) 109,309 5,403) 40,781] 211, 308) 1, 489, 003
LEV ance 77, 037| 383,494| 101,453) 650, 067| 9,586| 108,363] 7,175| 45,283] 195, 251| 1,187, 207
1880...... 74,559| 445,620 112,398 492/934) 8,258] 118,259] 11,944) 57,454] 207, 159] 1, 114, 267
Teoh 93,987| 519,342) 120,361) 615,162) 5,848/ 91,382] 15,838, 75,249] 236, 034) 1, 301, 135
1882...... 114,300] 649,900) 57,862) 394,323] 4,751| 86,478] 12,802 80,010] 189,715] 1,210, 711
TRRS SES 150,440} 914,433) 52,073) 427,476] 4,725] 93,639] 17,537| 112,461| 224,775] 1,548, 009
Ife pee 165,019] 976,816) 88,231/ 873,680| 6,447) 100, 946| 16,205, 93, 403] 275, 902| 2, 044, 845
ee 183, 818} 858,249) 92,147) 702,030} 5,621] 73,000) 12,984/ 60,935] 294,570] 1, 694, 214
1886...... 92,660] 617,035] 31,848) 222,716) 4,398] 46,073| 2,930| 21,009] 131,836] 906, 833
Se 7 een 107,189} 748,321) 64,925) 563,855] 4,588] 67,092} 2,841) 18,955] 179,543] 1,398, 223
TSSS kent 126,104) 826,251/ 56,646) 548,073| 4,673} 68,916} 3,853} 26,731| 191,276| 1,469,971
segues. = 112,453} 796,651] 42,394) 574,722! 4,963| 77,070] 3,437] 28,445] 163,247| 1, 476, 888
TSG0 ES 123, 8311 880, 238| 71,038] 1,011,921} 3,989) 68,102) 3,550] 28,046] 202, 408] 1,988, 307
Teles sean | 128,363} 954, 697/ 113.276) 1,356,113/b 4,836 79,959] 2,796] 20,099| 249,271] 2) 410, 868
1892...... | 150, 602] 1,167,376, 88,209) | 863,191/b 4,397, 60,918, 3,622] 22,762] 246, 831| 2,114,247
189322220. 163, 050] 1,151,112) 84,217) 960,588/b 4.546 63,722) 2,747) 20,804| 254,560] 2, 196, 226
1S94sesees 141, 476| 950,268, 94, 836) 1,095, 702/D5, 508, 84,442} 2,017/ 16, 368] 243, 837| 2, 146, 780
Total . ./2, 831, 99216, 978, 802 1, 858, 361/16, 401, 462/153, 409 2, 184, 251/210, 792]1, 287, 783/5, 054, 554/36, 852, 298
|
a For quantities and values of pickled cod among ‘‘Others,”’ see p. 476.
b On basis of 200 pounds to the barrel, see p. 510.
The quantity of each form of sardines imported is shown in Table 49,
on page 504,
The “other canned fish and shellfish” comprises all in oil exclusive
of sardines, and fish and shellfish canned without oil, the latter including
canned lobsters, herring, mackerel, salmon, eels, etc. A classification
448 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
of these imports more in detail than previously given appears in the
following table. Since 1869 a duty of 30 per cent ad valorem has been
imposed on fish prepared in oil. On those canned without oil a duty
of 35 per cent ad valorem was imposed previous to 1884; from 1884 to
1891 the rate has been 25 per cent, and since then 30 per cent.
11. Statement of the canned fish and shellfish, exclusive of sardines, imported for consump-
tion into the United States from 1869 to 1894, inclusive.
In oil, Plain canned, or without oil.
r . te., ex- =
Year ending June 30— iC ares Total.
c EhiEiveiol Lobsters., Salmon. | Herring. Mackerel. All other.
TG) sooeebesagspsodogob seasons $30, 861 (a) (a) (a) (a) $2, 457 $33, 318
eee Sea RIP MES neeInfcea |G
71 .------------------------- , 17 a a a a b .
TENE oop oneaeseacce sy saee se a2 40, 041 (a) (a) (a) (a) 31, 429 71, 470
ABW chceesy ue .taes ee SERS 27, 175 (a) (a) (a) (a) 57, 133 84, 308
1S Tepe ee SS ae Re 15, 811 (a) (a) (a) (a) 244,205 | 260, 016
TGV SSA Bp Seosen sac saasemecee 27, 117 (a) (a) (a) (a) 389,147 | 416, 264
1876 ..-.--------------++++---- 27, 490 (a) (a) (a) (a) 96, 810 124, 300
EU cota shows boc odd o dee de 15, 996 (a) (a) (a) (a) 26, 495 42, 491
SUS cee: eee me CE el 15, 849 (a) (a) (a) (a) 25, 067 40, 916
1G) bl gonoees cen bebacebsc: 13, 835 (a) (a) (a) (a) 55, O52 68, 887
US apcascloseenocososoepsogs 14, 647 (a) (a) (a) (a) 86, 734 101, 381
Ups cin casero nbobsrosscasseee 21, 056 (a) (a) (a) (a) 155, 293 176, 349
oo ae ACU CRBC I ere |
Operon tice eicicic temerity AU a a a a 347, 412 a7,
TD een prgar|‘seraao| o| tay | ty Boda| a0)BID
Behe aleialetsisine wie'e clomrerciar 2, 387 357, 730 | a a , 49% 5
TSEC TREE Meee eer: Sa 19,982 | 252, 054 3, 503 (a) (a) 48,560 | 324, 099
Il) 5 sacAccsnceocoossesecses5e 17,528 | 267, 901 719 (a) (a) 71, 216 357, 364
ee ere Apel)
Wed mck ec 27,725 | 568150| ~ 479 2'394| 3'445 | 99,435 | 632) 128
II) 5 Sans eeconqnoSGoasopobEnooD b 64, 769 966, 008 388 6,514 6, 936 (c) 1, 044, 615
TK) cosunadaoosoopdcSonSocSde 651,380 | 561,778 88 10, 712 5, 312 (c) 629, 270
TBO ee oe SRL URE EN ah b71,167 | 609, 741 56 | 14, 286 1, 008 (c) 696, 258
ee odaccondesoponppcedesyode 688, 877 574, 710 620 13, 106 1,918 (c) 679, 231
aIncluded with ‘‘ All other, plain canned.”
bIneludes ‘‘All other, plain canned,”’
eIncluded with ‘‘In oil, ete.”
“Shellfish and turtles” consists principally of fresh lobsters received
It also includes fresh and prepared shrimp, crawfish,
from Nova Scotia.
and other shellfish and turtles.
All of these products are admitted free
of duty. It is impossible to give a classification of the separate articles,
other than is afforded by Table 64, on page 522, showing the countries
from which they were received during a series of recent years.
The quantity and value of each variety of fish sounds and isinglass
imported for consumption are shown in Table 77, and’ similar data for
marine oils are given in Table 67.
The miscellaneous fishery products comprise ambergris, ambergris
oil, coral, seaweed, shells of marine mollusks and crustaceans, skins of
various fishes, spermaceti in the form of candles, sponges, and whale-
bone.
The value of the imports of these separate articles is shown in
Table 12, but a more extensive account of the varieties, quantities, and
values is given in other tables of this report.
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES.
\
449
y:
12. Statement of the values of miscellaneous fishery products imported for consumption
during each year from 1869 to 1894, inclusive.
\ coral
Shells, :
Mean |mher Amber- oruag Dulse, | rough ae Sper-
ending BOS at as or sea | and man- ail maceti
June 30—| Ss: oil. artis weed. | ufac- hark, |Candles.
ac- tured. | Shark.
tured.
IE cobaa||eSoasonc|lacescoce $22, 417 | $3, 504 $15,826) zones $2,545
IBV Ma525ocllacocesed|sscco0s¢ 18,975 | 2,890 Seagieesenc eee 3, 932
UB TE Steers fara lore = aia | aenroenretatets 37,877 | 1,094 rapa a eS ee 4, 762
IW Piscicdice $1328) Seceease HO GSTS omens: 188283) | fo ose 8, 029
NB iiseiemiarer 1,110 $3i5 645 035522 cies. Net IB eeasneen 3, 666
eae eaarere 4, 046 322 | 28, 680 |..--.--- IA) tts oesdonee 4, 789
1875...... Gp PAE lecanoode Ba Sab) Eee see 254649) eee 1, 963
BRON sae) 1, 700 706 | 33, 668 1, 611 PAY (7 a ees es 3, 969
UV /sceace 694 745 | 29, 368 859 225 iseeereree 6, 302
Us isescsod 93 PES els. QUO Nee = are GOO lscatoos 5 6, 991
Ie Beebar 6b Cilley eee She AT AY | Ghee este ale TASH paces 4, 618
TSROS See assets ote 2,962 | 5,554 4501 204° 7300 |heesc so: 6, 422
WSS ieee 55 | 2,462] 2,591 1,577 | 288, 154 $75 | 2,794
UB82 hese GHeRS) seermeet Dele Seen cane 239, 231 37 | 5,974
1B ecnee 2, 715 390 eR We sesooce 296, 254 23 5, 088
1884....-. 4, 015 92 158 979 | 258, 639 Ue ebososes
1885...-.- G8 ou enone 659 | 5,058 | 164, 080 SOD bi leletaietetcrers
1886-.-..--.. 1, 673 175 218 | 2,651 245, 848 BOL |seesiaes
ietet/secooe 2, 649 542 307 | 2,646 | 228,799 WAG) Sta secre.
Ie Seco On iscbdoona 594S FD LOSF LTS 8393012395) joo o-
UWE sciccc Dyed Beoreeae 461 | 4,707 | 279, 763 BPA eobcanar
L890 Fee 1,454 | 2,920 531 | 4,699 | 340, 654 GOD M erreeersee
89 lseso-< 3, 731 1, 509 213 | 1,931 | 638, 576 GO4s aeons
SG 2a eemae 1, 288 427 1,378 | 3,150 |1, 116, 5386 S200 eee aces
1893--- == (CR \eenocaoe 1,265 | 5, 867 |1, 621, 681 Glee:
1894.....- By PH cane 1,911 | 4,174 /1, 037, 152 Wil boscencd
Total 70, 481 | 13, 468 | 374,905 | 52, 641 | 8,690,146 | 4,333 | 71, 844
W hale-
bone, un-
ct cut and
Sponges. aaa Total.
fac-
tured.
$74, 731 $1, 343 $106, 366
93, 952 332 128, 522
113, 127 309 179, 413
153, 443 3, 060 413, 824
189, 986 5, 040 400, 006
121, 798 5, 750 295, 272
110, 440 3, 672 281, 786
87, 621 11, 449 397, 965
88, 798 2, 230 301, 247
90, 127 1, 400 300, 222
130, 515 4, 096 385, 661
183, 690 13, 527 506, 930
229, 292 5, 614 532, 614
293, 621 2, 831 649, 245
270, 462 4, 687 581, 602
241, 874 30, 440 536, 370
235, 519 33, 712 445, 038
296, 963 14, 683 562, 246
302, 510 7, 705 545, 304
268, 651 1, 708 463, 160
277, 373 19, 581 588, 264
352, 885 23, 328 727, 076
381, 879 1,509 1, 029, 952
331, 241 3, 580 1, 457, 920
365, 249 4, 781 2, 005, 573
217, 456 2, 192 1, 268, 002
5,503,203 | 208, 559 | 14, 989, 580
The quantities and values of fishery products imported for consump-
tion in 1894 are presented in greater detail in the following compilation,
Showing (1) the items of fishery products imported, (2) the units of
quantity used, (3) the quantities and (4) values imported, (5) ‘average
values per sth of quantity, (6) the rates of duty exacted,
lend
(7
) the
amount of duties collected, and (8) the average ad valorem rates of duty:
13. Detailed statement of the fishery products imported for consumption during the year
ending June 30, 1894.
pEveRaee
Units of | Quanti- varus
Items. : : Values. | per unit
quantity. ties. of quan-
tity.
Fish:
Fresh—
Herring—
MOO iin wicine\ejwradisiecere cle Pounds - 211, 991 $3,090 | $0. 014
IBALG. mode c coe ees ccesce seed. 391, 892 2, 829 . 007
HalMONessecia nec ates ocees 5 ---do ...| 1,891,742 | 156, 163 . 083
Other fresh fish.......... ----do ...| 9,077,916 | 401,309 . 044
Total fresh=--=s=<<.sssee spect Oyo oolUGyer ay ot BGS SOL Wee e oct.
Dried or smoked— i. ad
Cod, haddock, ete......--. ....do ...| 5,468,750 | 202, 725 . 037
GMI Gee ner ee (esee eee ----do ...| 852, 480 23, 570 - 028
Other dried or smoked fish|....do ...| 1,728,111 66, 406 . 038
Total dried or smoked..|....do ...| 8,049,341 | 292,701 |.........
Pickled or brine-salted— i
Cod, haddock, ete......... Barrels - 20 112 5. 60
Elerrinios sti ieee eel. dor 141,476 | 950, 268 6.73
Mackerel: <2 -cc oe ecsece -do . 94, 836 |1, 095,702 | 11.55
Salmon-+e.- faces sees “Pounds .| 1, 101, 502 84, 442 .077
Other pickled fish........ Barrels - 1, 996 16, 256 8.14
Hous led sees = see Mee aos ws lere was wins ans a4 Or OUr lec nceeman
F, R. 94-——29
Aver-
age
Rates of | Amount adv va-
duty. of duty. | lorem
rates
of duty.
ELMAR
4c¢. per lb $530 | 17.11
POOkciaacinn|beaseecses Free.
#c.per lb. 14, 188 9.09
Seen do .....| 68,084] 16.97
Pie owe Sans oe 82, 802 }.------
zc. per Wee 41,016 | 20.23
Mau ATG wits) 6,394 | 27.13
Beene ae cose | eden 9OL: |i gip2
BC ABOCOOCEOL 60, 3715 |eae =
$2 per bbl... 41 | 36.25
$1 per bbl..| 141,476] 14.89
$2 per bbl..| 189,672 | 17.31
le. per lb .. 11,015 | 13.04
$2 per bbl.- 3, 993 | 24. 56
Somme denacach 3465197) |Peeciee =
450
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
\
13. Detailed statement of the fishery products imported for consumption during the year
ended June 30, 1894—Continued.
Aver-
age
ad va-
lorem
rates
of duty.
ae —
A veeaee
: Units of | Quanti- ee Nates of | Amount
hems: quantity. ties. Values. Dae duty. of duty.
tity.
Fish—Continued.
Canned—
MV OTM OSE Ase n te sletaa tate lic Steves Sell ncretelotete ie oe S13 OOM ERen eee 30 per cent. $3, 932
Mia ckKeene les ste yok sens eves a arene eal atoater tata cele O18 al ae ee eetoe GW) Geass 575
ALM OMe ae ose ise cles scarce ere —/a| totontererers sie G20s| sae lees | oe (0) Seas 186
Octhericanncdehisharese ss estes amis |e eel seise oe CER YA seeganoad | AAR) Sesac 26, 663
Total canned .- 225-261. |aseces a.4| cae te ee 104,520 ote. aes eeestes Saexiee 31, 356
Sardines—
IWiholepOxesi@. =.2-2--2es Boxes 9, 985 2, 793 $0. 279 | 10¢. per box 998
‘Half bOxXeS a= see -ccee eee Booctika) 471, 995 91, 254 .193 | 5c. per box 23, 600
Quarter boxes. ------..--. -do 9, 365,021 | 766, 637 . 082 | 24c.per box| 234, 126
Ophersormivese ace asee eee seer eeeer aa eaeRe eee UNIS Ge oceton 40 per cent.| 16, 038
Total sardineseaetes| -aaeese sel eee eee DHOOM TBON 5 asvecee oe ea arloseiiacee 274, 762
Crustaceans, etec.:
Lobsters, canned......-.... Pounds -| 4,071,397 | 574,710 S14 Hreeesecacellseeeesees
Lobsters, tresh, and shrimpy|-jsiscsssc-|oseriee eens 19955199) Ree oasetee ree. escce| Meee seeet
and turtles.
Notal ‘crustaceans, ete._|-s22-s2---|ses2-cco-c TBs G09) |. Secs wsmslaccaeee coasice|Heeeee sear
Oils, marine:
Godzlivier 2-2 a2 sees se tony: Gallons.| 209, 865 99, 318 .48 | 15¢.pergall 31, 480
Mish= seo: idslstcncesodece2 sed Olaee 344, 134 74, 362 .22 | 8c. per gall 27, 531
Seales. Fete lene oe \seendon: 7, 869 2, 956 BEY rllosiowe doses 630
BW Al Os «Ps desccnisieis semiec\sisicis Fee Ones 27,110 7, 874 29) lee domeeee 2, 169
Motalioiliassee Seceseoaes Beeedor SRRNOT Smal ea 5108 Nee eeee Hee ere e eee 61, 810
Miscellaneous products:
PAU eR OTIS sess eee eee Pounds - 37 Bate TSS 162) | Eee me see | samen ele eee
Coral—
Win Cuitesce cms cminet sissies | oeesisewtes soccer ieee UGS HlGacocesac Bire6@z.sciaca\ee sees cece
Manufactured! ec-csececal/ acs as csi (eset eeceete|soe-as|-eecesae 1, 874 i ee Se Secrs
Wiles oO EUS Rs ae SEL) ee ee Le eee ee ee EKG) PASE EOE Ieee Coes ae ee eet ©
West Indies—
(CU Seis eee a eee bee Le erateserate | mectetre tate cto Scere fell ciereyeseierore 66,515, 3, 906)
Total North America. }1, 892,336 156, 186 393, 557| 2, 879} 403, 111)12, 553, 293 467, 2472, 878, 448) 64, 115
452
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
14. Statement by countries of the quantity and value of each fishery product imported into
the United States during the year ending June 50, 1894—Continued.
Fresh or frozen. Dried, smoked, or cured.
7 é “ < Cod, haddock .
Countries from which Salmon. Bait. Others. eae! i Herring.
imported. hake, pollock, ete.
Val- Val- : Val-
Lbs. | Values.| Lbs. wee Values.| Lbs. oa Lbs. Gee
Asia:
OUbiny, =--osSosssee sen coccullsoacobs salleodascanllbocococ||togac5 HE SRsocsogsllooescae 60 $11
Morckongy. eeeenes eels ERTL ESI LAC ee 2 vie Sees Bol T° 671383) D LO) hs ak ese eee
SET) Si, acc ae ea el Re pa MN ete er cel CS 2G Fern 1,773 Boles. sa cel eee
Total Asia .....--.--- ae aae a ere Peer rls wane | 4 oe 60)
Grand total=:->----- .- iF 892, 336 $156, 186 393, 557 $2, 879) 403, 462/13, 406, 193 509, 305 3, 227, 808 7, 079
Pickled or brine-salted. All
C tries from which ate other
oun ees Herring. Mackerel. Salmon. fish
Barrels. |Values.| Barrels. | Values. Lbs. | Values.) Values. | Values.
Europe:
IRR ERE) Wh VEEN YS Soom aca scossosoud bosbeodd baasoscded lonoonsecedloseoass soe) ssonccs- $22) ce aseeee
Azores, and Madeira Isl-
Hn los ceibo ae oussonceood [soqncsogbdlscspe doc suoococesdlboosdoon oclonuancesual\bscobesdcacddgcoc $66
ISG aN Hees ososeeScoussd|lScoccssnes socossad boassecosd lose cscSssloscssssonubosdoass 21, 808 421
IDEM - oo cobosooensas 24 STOR Pe saeeeeee sdaceoe socdless cece nies |omccisene temic 37
JOTENOS). See eqacotascoscdcdlloncaoecakslosooesec 3 $240 Peseeeees|eceemer 841,377 | 15, 791
Germanyiece eee =e - 4409") 3, VSS" |oee ac coe wale se coc icoe leslie teem |More = 1, 903 14, 894
IPIRY codec ssscocsHecous 6 19 192 11 $1 | 9,497 8, 220
Netherland s\eececees: =e 46, 992 |498, 095 2 19 SSeS c | eecmien| Soeeeeee T51
IRVING. sooecesesnceseoo|ococne food lsecescod|tesacdomeclinsecsoocualleseoestccelocorecse 47, 474 4
QS) tEhle 8 oa esecopooseoped Saseccsocd Sees seo Moaceera os tessseaced secoscosod kiasocacs 1, 022 146
Sweden and Norway..--- 38, 753 |151, 993 NASAL | PA Bie) ll esesoogaca|aconoses 30,427 | 44, 485
United Kingdom—
iphoyal ebGl Bo ootecssssasc 1,178 | 6,600 PAE (Re leu CPB Eye seacosaose) |ccssoaou 21,026 | 23,521
ireland eeee eee ease tesee 40 276 TO) eS ee Wo ee eee eecto odo baoposod| scans olloososese
Scotland: eee eeeeee 31, 128 |200, 524 5975s |e ess 4 eae | naga 59 | 15, 198
Total Europe...----- 122, 531 |\g8s,762 | 58,855 | 754,116 u 1 |974,615 | 128, 534
North America: a i fe
Dominion of Canada—
Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick seccdma|snoosce Saco: |oooccae| Ssecaed|ss5ccdecc| bosnscs 1, 168
Swedensand Norway |---------|----2--|se-0---- 214 38/196, 202) 93; O89). 2-2 --}.- coe 627, 390
ITD NG | aes obid HaSbners 4 Gap Bond Gotcopna lee iceed sence laceecae| ssereer 93099 | aeeeee 3,293
United Kingdom—
Mnolandieeee ease |e ose se as ase 51) 55, 896/17, 464) 11, 203) 5,523) 320,399) 58,773) 782, 628
LGR Ep Ol Can Geep neo Mae eessh. Sane te.e PacsoSee SocCbSe |Becene [Srec rc lscieeiccssl lecisrrsia-aie| pemeraine 111, 477
ScoulanGd pees seeass| posse see |Sascsee lec ce camels sais femeise Behe! ab eae ocenoc cette 256, 185
MOtalise ees 140 22 195] 68, 029/18, 717/235, 324/111, 109) 677,331) 83, 441)3, 686, 837
North America: = SS = ——— = =
Canada—
Nova Scotia and
New Brunswick |3, 862, 162543, 830) 180,177) 87, 601/10, 306 104, 436) 25, 073 5Olsseoese |2, 058, 543
Quebec, Ontario..| 35, 560) 5, 122 429 45 23 542 23d |eecteawaea | seeeaas 173, 339
Lame NCH kev Elbe nS0nGe4| Hed aabe|S5Sodq04seedas|escoce 629 4 Beers states |e Soc 107, 125
Newfoundland and
icabradorss-9222--- 720 (fs Raeneccd buBoped| jonosce GO3D3 hl 4yO0|e heat aa ee leas see 136, 305
MING WCHGS ILE NEICN | Ecocanepelsascaes| ASeemcoicecosod||cooces ILO) ABP sooo nodllemecca= 117, 255
TGR COM ese mat ae'sic semis sarees io, steeinicis 2, 825 DSO, 104 Sees see cee QBN 572 |e nea 33, 947
Central America—
CWostapRicaees a. s--|tses as |ocociens eats este sctecae|lssiesasl scence s|ece cess 2a eee 1, 214
Honduras Sere sac | Me tesesae | paasselbesowows | oenssceleemomeyseaecactosac cee 172 5 268
Nicaragua eseete |e secise es lt soene “laceeiaees| hare ea |eete ncieeoosce| sone 1605 | Seem 1,714
BLL He ELOndUrash ets sere leone cers |toamecme sc soci ce see aa Mowe lous cae laasemeee 82 82
BOLMUU Aires a amie a lore siciarsie= cere asic |ctetsiee ete cclsis's : = ‘a
Not over 5 by 4 15c. per box...| 10c. per box..-.| 10c¢. per box...) 10 ec. per box.
by 24 inches.
Not over 5 by 4
by 1§ inches.
Not over 43 by 34
by 14 inches.
In any other
form.
Other fish in oil---
50 per cent. --
30 per cent.-.-.
74 c. per box...
4c. per box....
60 per cent....
30 per cent. .-.
5c. per box....
24 c. per box. --
40 per cent.---
30 per cent. ---
OC opel) DOxatett
24 c. per box. --
40 per cent. ...
30 per cent. ---
5 ec. per box.
2 4c. per box.
40 per cent.
20 per cent.
a other canned | 35 per cent....| 35 per cent..-..| 25 per cent....| 30 per cent..-.| 20 per cent.
sh.
Fish for bait .....--. ree «25-252 - TCO mae ence TCO) secsicice sia Lge eeeeeaaaes Free.
Shrimp and other | Free.......--. BTre@:25c2sl0s22 IG earca dete BPO feces eee Free.
shellfish.
Miscellaneous prod-
ucts:
Ambergris ...-..-- LCase <= acer Bree. 2e-cen\=r MreO ses aseee 2 HTCGisccccece se Free.
Ambergris oil-..--. Pree ics-s5s02): INGE Acdsee 1 Nee oe aemoniees Pree selec a. Free.
Coral—
Not Cuti-ris- == WTCO semis IMC Soseeaaser IR eaaecasetic IWT66S: coe Free.
Cut Or mmanutee: 30 per cent 30 per cent....| 25 per cent....| 25 per cent... -| 25 per cent.
tured.
eutbeteh bones ae PH Tee essere = Mre@ assert IMR gsoseocoas ree = --osecees Free.
1i—
Ged diver CEA . | 15¢c. per gall -.| 20 per cent.
Fish seal. and |/20 per cent.--.| 20 per cont..-.| 25 per cent...9| 8¢. per gall ...| 25 per cent.
whale. ; 8c. per gall ...| 25 per cent.
Seaweed (dulse)...| Free...-....-- Mreeseeeactene TOG seenesee ae IRNOO science Free.
Shells—
WOU OU On| IR escssosous Hreeysecee eae Lip hshoedacae IETEO aoe cectsaise Free.
ground.
a roeiackared’ aol) J Soe sononoe 35 per cent....| 25 per cent....| Hree.......--. Free.
ear]—
Not cut -...... 35 per cent... .|| Free ---..-.-.. IE ooaosc50s- Wg eososossobe Free.
Maaadactures 35 per cent..-.| Free.......... 25 per cent....| 40 per cent.-.-.| 30 per cent.
of.
Skins, fish and | 20 percent....| 20 per cent....| Free.....-.--- INR iceeS SosHe Free.
shark.
Sounds, or blad-
ders—
Crudezs-cee-eeei: IDR perccoeses| IMs acasqaaaae IMR) sascoacca= UB WB)poodemasac Free.
Prepared (isin -| Free......,... IOS) soosooncns 25 per cent.---| 14¢. per lb.,or | 25 per cent.
glass). 25 to 30 p. ct.
Spermaceti....-... Si Penicentice «wal s-ccesomee ase amos ee Ree eet lee See eee eee
SPONP esse see eecee 20 per cent. .-.| 20 per cent-....| 20 per cent....) 20 per cent....| 10 per cent.
W halebone—
Unmanufactured| Free........-. TE onodgasone INPGO e222 arena iE reese set ,---| Free.
Manufactures of.| 35 per cent..-..| 35 per cent.-...| 30 per cent....| 30 per cent.-...| 25 per cent.
Note.—When no rates are affixed to articles in any column they are not enumerated in the respective
enactments, and consequently must be regarded as ‘‘unenumerated”’ and subject to the duty levied
thereon. But in some cases they are classed with enumerated articles of similar character.
The effect of the tariff regulations from 1869 to 1894, inclusive,
appears in Table 16, showing the value of each principal class of fishery
products imported for consumption and the amount of duty paid thereon
during each of those years. For convenience of comparison, the total
value of all imports for consumption into the United States, the amount
of duties collected, exclusive of additional and discriminating duties,
and the average ad valorem rate during each year is shown in the last
three columns of this table.
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES.
457
16. Classified statement of the values of fishery products imported for consumption and the
amount of duties paid thereon during each year from 1869 to 1894, inclusive, and com-
parison with the total imports for consumption into the United States.
Year | Fish and shellfish. | Marine oils. Marine shells. Sponges. Son ay
ending i ee
June 30— Values. | Duties. | Values. | Duties. | Values. | Duties.| Values. | Duties. | Values. | Duties.
1869sa255- $1, 869, 350, $561, 590) $426, 874) $61,081) $1, 826 $177| $74,731) $14,946) $8,719) $2,512
STOLL = 2,179,745) 727,976) 369,167) 48, 640 8,441] 2,214) 93,952) 18,790 8,089) 2,128
is A aecre 2,071,093) 660,225) 204,228) 30,978] 22,244, 4,114) 4113,127| 22, 625 6,542} 1,953
Ty Passer 1, 888, 205) 547,547/ 158,504] 31,701) 188,283) 8,040] 153.443]- 30,689} 28,437; 8, 328
W8iosce- = 2,532,736 772,545) 119,788] 23,997) 136,138} 1,745) 189,986} 37,997] 123,750 153
af 3,111, 739) 499,253) 163,046) 14,221) 129,887} 1,074) 121,798) 24,360) 96,244)........
nyGSqscee 3, 078,097) 348,698) 185,404; 4,752) 125, 649 AV LOLAZO 222088 52:40 eee ect
SiG. to 5. 2.080, 013) 305,587) 1515249) (95928) 257,241 23-2: 87,621) 17,524) 42:322)/..-.....
Titian one 2,344,167) 375,917; 119,340) 5,350) 172,251)........ S85798 |e a l7nt60)) aod) maceciat
TS(Bese ss - 2,975,458) 337,473) 211,847) 7,098) 187, 507)..-..... SOM T MISS O25 hn MO4No D2 |e nee
Ay beens 2, 832,303) 489,413) 125,547] 8,788) 231, 743/........ AZON5 LD eeooulOse 202) 760|eemee eat
1880...... 3, 187, 360} 601,089} 223,139} 10,509} 294, 730)........ 183, 690} 36,738] 198,025)........
1 Ee oee 3, 621,224) 469,353] 361,956] 13,664) 288, 154)........ 229,292) 45,858] 248, 239).......-.
1882. - 2 3, 783, 228] 414,916) 270,250) 17,508) 239, 231)........ 293,621} 58,724) 169,148)........
ASBoecraae 4,595, 898} 357,979) 280,575) 15,384) 296, 254)........ 270462)0 (54509215 1890575 |2e= eee
aC Cee eeses 5, 322, 348] 352,177) 373,773! 32,508) 258,639) 3,967) 241,874) 48,375) 129,224) 9,078
W885 case 4, 825,935) 281,972) 209,845) 22,420) 164,080} 2,820) 235,519} 46,104) 166,305) 11, 276
1S860e2see 8, 251, 878] 502,288) 88,811} 22,203) 245,848] 5,663) 296,963) 59,393) 181,784) 9,283
PB ij octe 3,915,914) 611,938) 85,839) 21,461) 228,799) 3,979) 302,510} 60,502) 185, 662) 15,403
ASSSieee 4,451,092) 645,507) 92,515) 23,128) 178,839) 4,619) 268,651) 53,730, 176,843) 8, 864
CE Basan 4,557, 841) 595, 944) 105, 938) 26,485) 279,763) 2,875) 277,373) 55,475) 112,302) 4, 669
1890 sesso 4,925,351) 674,642) 95,947) 23,987) 340,654) 8,652) 352,885} 70,577) 63,186) 3,162
EOI SoS! = 5, 724, 202! 893, 967| 113,775) 33,300) 638,576) 40,937) 381,879} 76,376) 112,106) 5,006
1892. cosa 5, 002, 4383) 880,385) 151,000) 40, 603)1, 116,536] 78,041) 331,241} 66,248) 76,093) 4,079
SOS eee 5, 842, 825] 922,243} 285,593} 87, 099/1, 621, 681) 113,587| 365,249] 73,050) 74,198} 4,743
1894...... 4, 782, 082) 795,488) 184,510) 61, 810\1, 037, 152) 151,353) 217,456] 43,491) 42,309) 1,736
Total - ./94, 703, 377) 14, 624, 112/5, 158, 460, 698, 548/8, 690, 146) 433, Bee 503, 203}1, 099, 640)2, 826,056) 92,373
All asa Total fishery products. All imports for consumption.
Year = =
arn phate Average
une 380— . : ad valo- i cia ad valo-
Values. | Duties. Values. Duties. Pe nAtS Values. Duties.@ ONT Sa
of duty. of duty.
Per cent. Per cent.
1869...-.- $29,809 | $7,772 | $2,411,309 | $648, 078 26.45 | $394, 449,174 | $176, 114, 904. 44. 65
LSTOsesa5 26, 129 6,796 | 2, 685, 523 806, 544 30. 03 426, 346,010 | 191, 221, 769 42. 23
salar 44,042 | 12,330 | 2, 461, 276 732, 225 29. 75 500, 216,122 | 201, 985, 575 38. 94
a Peeeeee 72,098 | 19,798 | 2,433,970 646, 103 26. 55 560, 419, 034 | 212, 030, 727 37.00
NSi8csse0~ 73, 882 | 19,922 | 3,176, 280 856, 359 26. 96 663, 146,657 | 184, 556, 045 26.95
Cy? eeeees 43, 587 9,557 | 3, 666, 301 548, 465 14. 96 567, 443,527 | 160, 185, 383 26. 88
Ue acaciae 45,697 | 10,875 | 3,597, 688 386, 415 10. 46 526, 260,576 | 154, 271, 805 28. 20
USiGs2e- 5 53,103 | 10,793 | 3,177,309 391, 832 10/88: 464, 586, 307 | 144, 982, 442 30.19
UW illeeecor 40,198 9,963 | 2,796, 990 408, 990 14. 62 439, 829, 389 | 128, 223, 207 26. 68
UWE lsaecoe 22, 588 5,524 | 3,592, 079 368, 115 10. 25 438, 422,468 | 127,015,185 27.13
STO. Sos 23, 403 4,702 | 3,546, 276 478, 956 13. 50 439, 292,374 | 133, 159, 025 28. 97
aX peecec 28, 510 3,121 | 4,115, 454 651, 457 13. 39 627, 555,271 | 182, 415, 162 29.07
SSI ee 15, 168 1,708 | 4,759, 133 530, 583 iat als) 650,619,000 | 193,561,011 29.75
TS82e-S- = 16, 393 1,623 | 4,771, 871 492,771 10.33 716, 213, 948 | 215, 617, 669 30.11
1883 soe 225 14, 886 2,656 | 5, 647, 650 430, 111 7. 62 700, 829, 673 | 209, 659, 699 29. 92
18840225... 35, 857 271 | 6,361, 715 446, 376 7.02 667, 575, 389 | 189, 844,995 28. 44
18865 -25-- 45, 439 1,355 | 5,647,123 365, 947 6.49 579, 580, 054 | 177,319, 550 30. 59
18865~2- 2: 19, 485 1,151 | 4,084,719 599, 981 14. 68 625, 308, 814 | 188,379, 397 30.13
ASSiee ase 13, 995 464 | 4,732,719 713, 747 15. 09 683, 418,981 | 212, 032, 424 31. 03
TS88erecce 15, 670 817 | 5,183, 610 736, 665 14. 21 712, 248, 626 | 213, 509, 802 29.98
1889.2 - <5 31, 128 151 | 5,364, 345 685, 599 12. 78 741, 431,398 | 218, 701, 774 29.50
1890.....- 33, 587 11 | 5,811, 560 781, 031 13. 44 773, 674, 812 | 225, 317, 076 29.12
1891s ose. 9, 497 402 | 6,980,035 | 1, 049, 988 15. 04 854,519,577 | 215, 790, 686 25. 25
T8902 Fe eacs 10, 143 1,746 | 6,687,446 | 1,071,102 16. 00 813, 601,345 | 173, 097, 671 21.26
1893 Tease 18, 643 2,764 | 7,708,189 | 1, 203, 436 15. 61 844, 454,583 | 198, 373, 453 23. 49
1894....-- 13, 394 1,731 | 6,276,908 | 1, 055, 609 16. 82 636, 614,420 | 128, 881, 869 20. 25
Total 796, 231 | 138, 003 |117, 677, 473 |17, 086, 485 |.......... |16, 048, 057, 529 |4, 757, 248, 305 | Lasts
a Exclusive of additional and discriminating duties.
458 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Reciprocity treaties of 1854 and 1873.—The principal imports of fish-
ery products are from the British North American Provinces, and
between those Provinces and the United States there have been two
treaties permitting the free interchange of fishery products. The first
was in force from September 11, 1854, to March 17, 1866; and the
second, known as the Washington treaty, from July 1, 1873, to June 30,
1885. Information is not available to show the quantity of fish imported
for consumption! from, the Provinces during the continuance of the
first treaty, nor the amount of duties thereby released, but during a
period of 13 years preceding and following that treaty the duties col-
lected on imports from the provinces amounted to $3,016,091, an average
of $252,007 per annum. On the same basis the amount of duties
released by that treaty was nearly $3,000,000, but it was actually
much in excess of that amount. The following compilation shows the
estimated amount of duties remitted by the second reciprocity treaty
with the British North American Provinces:
17. Statement of the value of fishery products imported for consumption free of duty wnder
the second reciprocity treaty with the British North American Provinces and the estimated
amount of duty remitted.
Fishery
A Estimated
Year ending June 30— ears duties
remitted.
consumption.
$1, 587, 234 $392, 882
1, 847, 684 477, 042
1, 555, 861 363, 564
1, 118, 109 260, 016
1, 859, 772 431, 564
1,539, 073 411, 275
1, 557, 667 475, 688
2,179, 863 597, 961
1, 148, 725 937, 088
2,735, 604 553, 571
3, 147, 716 635, 528
2, 706, 831 689, 602
FIND eal ea seaport ee RO RA EAU RE Na UD RD era li ea 22,984,139 | 6, 225, 781
Customs law of August 27, 1894.—The tariff enactment of 1894 made
several modifications in the rates of duty exacted on fishery products
by the customs law of 1890. The paragraphs relating to fishery prod-
ucts are set forth in the following comparative form, the first column
containing the provisions in the law now operative and the second
representing the rates of duty required by the law of 1890:
1894. 1890.
19. Gelatin, glue, isinglass or fish glue, and pre- | 27. Gelatin, glue, and isinglass or fish glue, val-
pared fish bladders or fish sounds, 25 per ued at not above 7 cents per per pound, 14
cent ad valorem. cents per pound; valued at above 7 cents per
pound and not above 30 cents per pound, 25
per cent ad valorem; valued at above 30
cents per pound, 30 per cent ad valorem.
28. Cod-liver oil, 20 per cent ad valorem. 38. Cod-liver oil, 15 cents per gallon.
84. Seal, herring, whale, and other fish oil not | 46. Seal, herring, whale, and other fish oil not
specially provided for in this act, 25 per cent specially provided for in this act, 8 cents
ad valorem. per gallon.
69. Sponges, sea moss or Iceland moss, 10 per cent | 86. Sponges, 20 per cent ad valorem.
ad valorem.
‘A classified statement of the imports (but not imports for consumption) from the
British Provinces during the continuation of the reciprocity treaty from September
11, 1854, to March 17, 1866, is given ia Table 6, on page 443.
208.
209.
210.
211.
337.
351.
352.
354.
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE
1894—Continued.
Anchovies and sardines, packed in oil or
otherwise, in tin boxes measuring not more
than 5 inches long, 4 inches wide, and 34
inches deep, 10 cents per whole box; in
half boxes, measuring not more than 5inches
long, 4 inches wide, and 1§ inches deep, 5
cents each; in quarter boxes, measuring not
more than 4% inches long, 34 inches wide,
and 14 inches deep, 24 cents each; when im-
ported in any other form, 40 per cent ad
valorem.
Fish, smoked, dried, salted, pickled, or other-
wise prepared for preservation, three-
fourths of 1 cent per pound.
Herrings, pickled, frozen, or salted, and salt-
water fish frozen or packed in ice, one-half
of 1 cent per pound.
Fish in cans or packages made of tin or other
material, except anchovies and sardines,
and fish packed in any other manner, not
specially enumerated or provided for in this
act, 2C per cent ad valorem.
(Not provided for in tariff act of 1894.)
Pearls, including pearls strung but not set,
10 per cent ad valorem.
Manufactures of * * *
* * *
bladders (3), coral
; or of which these substances
or either of them is the component material
of chief value, not specially provided for in
this act, 25 per cent ad valorem.
Manufactures of * * * whalebone, * * *
25 per cent ad valorem.
Manufactures of * * * mother-of-pearl,
gelatin, and shell, or of which these sub-
stances or either of them is the component
material of chief value, not specially pro-
vided for in this act, * * * 385 percent ad
valorem.
OF
291.
bo
©
bo
296.
453.
459.
. Manufactures of * * *
THE UNITED STATES. 4059.
1890—Continued.
Anchovies and sardines, packed in oil or
otherwise, in tin boxes measuring not more
than 5 inches long, 4 inches wide, and 34
inches deep, 10 cents per whole box; in half
boxes, measuring not more than 5 inches
long, 4 inches wide, and 1% inches deep, 5
cents each; in quarter boxes, measuring not
more than 4% inches long, 3$ inches wide,
and 14 inches deep, 24 cents each; when im-
ported in any other form, 40 per cent ad
valorem.
. Fish, packed in barrels or half barrels, and
mackerel or salmon, pickled or salted, 1 cent
per pound.
. Fish, smoked, dried, salted, pickled, frozen,
packed in ice, or otherwise prepared for
preservation, and fresh fish, not specially
provided for in this act, three-fourths of 1
cent per pound.
. Herrings, pickled or salted, one-half of 1 cent
per pound; herrings, fresh, one-fourth of 1
cent per pound.
. Fishin cans or packages made of tin or other
material, except anchovies and sardines,
and fish packed in any other manner, not
specially enumerated or provided for in this
act, 30 per cent ad valorem.
Cans or packages made of tin or other metal
containing shellfish admitted free of duty,
not exceeding one quart in contents, (1)
shall be subject to a duty of 8 cents per-
dozen cans or packages, and when exceed-
ing one quart (2) shall be subject to an
additional duty of 4 cents per dozen for each
additional half quart or fractional part
thereof: Provided, That until June 30, 1891,
such cans or packages shall be admitted as
now provided by law.
Pearls, 10 percent ad valorem.
Manufactures of * * *
*
bladders, coral,
or of which these substances or
either of them is the component material of
chief value, not specially provided for in
this act, 25 per cent ad valorem.
. Manufactures of * * * whalebone, * * *
’
30 per cent ad valorem.
mother-of-pearl
and shell, or of which these substances or
either of them is the component material of
chief value, not specially provided for in
this act, 40 per cent ad valorem.
The following articles were exempted from duty:
370.
403.
456.
465.
471.
481.
482.
483.
524,
558.
568.
580.
613.
615.
661.
671.
Ambergris.
Bladders, and all integuments of animals,
and fish sounds or bladders, crude, salted
for preservation, and unmanufactured, not
specially provided for in this act.
Coral, marine, uncut, and unmanufactured.
Cuttlefish bone.
Hees of birds, fish,and insects. * * *
Fish, frozen, or packed in ice, fresh.
Fish for bait.
Fish skins.
Kelp.
Moss, seaweeds, and vegetable substances,
erude and unmanufactured, not otherwise
specially provided for in this act.
Oils, * * * ambergris, * * * and also
spermaceti; whale and other fish oils of
American fisheries, and all fish and other
preducts of such fisheries. * * *
Pearl, mother of, not sawed or cut, or other-
wise manufactured.
Shells of all kinds, not cut, ground, or other-
wise manufactured.
Shrimps and other shellfish, canned or other-
wise.
Turtles.
W halebone, unmanufactured.
480.
507.
457.
555.
561.
571.
572.
573.
623.
653.
661. Oil
673.
701.
703.
744.
753.
Ambergris.
Bladders, including fish bladders or fish
sounds, crude, and all integuments of ani-
mals, not specially provided for in this act.
Coral, marine, uncut, and unmanufactured.
Cuttlefish bone.
Eggs of birds, fish, and insects.
Fish, the product of American fisheries, and
fresh or frozen fish (except salmon) caught
in fresh waters by American vessels, or with
nets or other devices owned by citizens of
the United States.
Fish for bait.
Fish skins.
Kelp.
Moss, seaweeds, and yegetable substances,
erude or unmanutactured, not otherwise
specially provided for in this act.
ils;, * >* * ‘ambergris, */ * * and.also
spermaceti; whale and other fish oils of
American fisheries, and all other articles the
product of such fisheries.
Pearl, mother of, not sawed, cut, polished, or
otherwise manufactured.
Shells of all kinds, not cut, or otherwise
manufactured.
Shrimps and other shellfish.
Turtles.
W halebone, unmanufactured.
460, REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Import duties in foreign countries—The rates of duty imposed on
fishery products imported for consumption in the United States do not
greatly differ from the average in other countries. Of European coun-
tries, the average rates of duty in Austria, France, Greece, Russia, Spain,
and Switzerland are somewhat higher, while the average in Denmark,
Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, and Sweden is generally less.
There are no duties on fishery products imported into Great Britain, and
most articles are admitted free into Belgium. On the American conti-
nent, the specific rates of duty in Haiti, Santo Domingo, Cuba, Puerto
Rico, Mexico, Nicaragua, Salvador, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,
Colombia, Uruguay, and Venezuela average greater than in the United
States, while the duties are less in Canada, the Bahamas, Barbados,
Jamaica, Leeward Islands, Windward Islands, Dutch West Indies,
French West Indies, British Honduras, Ecuador, British Guiana, and
Peru. In Australia the specific duties are greater than on similar
products in the United States, but the ad valorem duties are much less,
averaging only about 12 per cent. In French Oceanica, China, Korea,
Siam, Japan, Ceylon, and British New Guinea the import duties are
very much less than in the United States.
Table 18 shows approximately the rates of duty imposed on the prin-
cipal fishery products imported into certain foreign countries, and is
arranged so as to compare readily with the present rates of duty on
similar products imported into the United States. The comparative
rates of duty imposed in each foreign country on each of the principal
fishery products are shown in succeeding tables.
18. Comparative statement showing approximately the rates of duty
imposed on fishery
products imported into certain countries.
Item. ee France. Germany. Italy. Canada.
Fish: Per 100 lbs. Per 100 lbs. Per 100 lbs. | Per 100 lbs.
nneshes asec cece $0. 29 $0. 435 Free. Free. | 25 per cent ad yal.
Dried or salted —
Godt. eee» 72 4, 20
Herrin ase . 433 1. 32 $0. 32 $0. 437 | $0.50 per 100 lbs.a
Other dried fish 72 2.19 §
Fichled
Orrin ge eseeee
Mackerel. ...... 32 10 ee 100 IE
Salmons asses 2.17 2.19 ; 1.297 pela (SON ote B:
Cod and other oS |p) Do.
A . 50 per 100 Ibs.
pickled fish. I
Sardines—
Ae boxes -.- - 05 per box.
alf boxes -..-.. F 9 . 025 per box.
Quarter boxes. .-} seul) aed es 2a 2 . 02 ae box.
Other ieee .na5- | 30 per cent ad val.
Osea canned fish - 5. 80 2,19 6. 486 2.626 | 25 per cent ad val.
il:
Codrliver25- i s-n2+|H=< nescence 596 |S--eteteteec ee 1.31 I
TINS, eeccocegéengo|ssnsbaosesad= OTE Pecaacsaosopac - 525 |20 per cent ad val.
Sealfwhaleetencclee.ocenecce ec CRIES BE Reanoaaccasecas 1.31
Rishfolesse sean . 871 SRUUE Ba soeticonceord 1.31 | $3 per 100 lbs.
Mishisound st eeee ce sesame acess TOO. || seewocste tees oaeee eee eeeee 20 per cent ad val.
Spermaceti---...... . 58 $0; 439 iscccncceemewouloucpeteecenecs Do.
Whalebone....-.--- .72 | Freeand $8.75 |......e.-- Sonolloooaccenosoose Free.
aSmoked, $1.
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES.
461
18. Comparative statement showing approximately the rates of duty imposed on fishery
products imported into certain countries—Continued,
sys . P British 1 Santo }
Item. Haiti. Jamaica. Brazil. (Sic Hera. Cuba. Domingo.
Fish: Per 100 lbs.| Per 100 lbs.| Per 100 lbs.| Per 100 lbs. | Per 100 lbs. Per 100 lbs.
FOS De Co eee ee ees eee ee Free. $1. 00 Free. Rreei |e eee
Dried or salted—
(ONY: SRS Sreerae cece $1.35 $0. 74
Hermincjessne = see . 72 a.74 1.00 $0. 44 $0. 76 $0. 85
Otherdriedtishe ss eee ees === b.74
Pickled—
(iennin Gee sicemteeia . 804 - 125 1. 27
Mackerel ........- . 50 . 76 eNo. 1, 1.90
Nalmowmesereceee es 12 49 1.00 1.197 3.39
Cod and other : ol25 5.16) 9) Shcouia'e meets
pickled fish.
Sardines— Per Wa
Whole boxes. .-.-- 0.10 9 Se
Half boxes.....--. Rwy saver cone 11. 88 1.00 5. 04 9.50
Quarter boxes....- . 04 DAV a
eas canned fish. - 11.88 G@UOO WS e5 eae slcime sls ae ce oueetsene
Oi
Wodslivieriassacse =< 15. 84 ? LD sie acisisintala’s | s.nec ee totes emare
IRS ence sees 8.70 |>25c. per gal..| 2.184 1.27
Seal, whale, ete..--. 3.70 J 1.89 1.58
IM GNC semsadescoool! ASE SCR seacsuceséaglloocacesusgcd lacnobodeneodbe |Gocauscoodobon| sosoodccasectec
Spermaceti -.-.--- OED Wesestessocsaccllococuncessuece 7.07
Wihalebone:-ss-.2-.--- GE Ads le eaeeisieterctteyste 7.92
Ttem. Costa Rica.) Argentina. Chile. Colombia. | Venezuela.| United States.
Fish: Per 100 tbs. | Per 100 lbs. | Per 100 lbs. | Per 100 lbs. | Per 100 bs. Per 100 lbs.
MrOsh* seiicc ses ecie sine $1. 54 Frees, |Poscee sss < oc PLE 10} |Sase eee esos $0. 50
Dried or salted—
Cot -coccenscasane $1.72 )
Herring meee ence: ; 1.54 $3. 92 i ES aoe oe Coa $2. 20 tb
Other dried fish... Dey Ngee ee aoe § |
piven
@Lvinge): $22: 2-5-1 50
A ee eae } 1.72 1. 10 | .
Dalmon! ss asec ceet 1.54 4,20 2.40 2.20 | { 75
Cod and other 1.72 f
pickled fish.
Sardines— Per eee
WiholeihoxesSec-c-|soccascees c-means ac-scce| (soci cece cwe| emcees sec secicmecencse 0. 10
SEVaUE IDO ROS Heroes sal cas ciece o a icieistellisie soe sie oe ete Sewlece Seisle cellowin tow scesle mi] eels Sieleiwisisiereie 105:
Quarter boxes... --}--...-.-..-. 13. 13 5. 10 4.41 2. 20 - 025
Otherzeeecee-eecise SedisceseeSeo| jeer separ PecHocercees boceshosceas EeqpeotEcscal 40 percentad val.
Other cannedeishe sel perseee see | semen sae 2. 40 4.41 6.57 | 20 percentad val.
il: 2. 42 .14
Gadcliverteresssceres |= aseet essa PO boace ee soad bscodunsoeod 10.94 | 20percentadval.
BBS sector te ea lee tenes nieeie emetinecsicctloten cecimetaslemenmee cern 6. 57 ”
SealevnaleGbGr a2.) ccse see css scl seiscm sce 1D |loge sedsasgca lsoescmencsse 25 p. ct.ad val.
Fish glue Beat we sene as 2. 42 43.77 2.57 424M [ocean seek
IN NSOUINIR seco ceogecol eeeHies quebod | Edasrebecach) beacecebosed Sarcocdesanrd laguneccaress Free.
Spermaceti ..-........ 1.54 8.75 8. 30 4,41 6.57 | 25percentadval.
Wihalebone .:...-5-.-- T0590) Paso. cesta 4555 lbeaae cee cemalle sas ce eecie et Free.
aSmoked, $0.50. c No. 2, $1.58 per 100 Ibs.; No. 3, $1.27 per 100 lbs.
bSmoked, $1. dSalmon and oysters free.
462 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
IlII._THE EXPORT TRADE.
Exports from 1790 to 1820.—The products of the fisheries comprised
a large portion of the early exports from the United States. At the
close of the last century the value exceeded $2,000,000 annually, con-
sisting almost entirely of products of the cod and whale fisheries, the
former being from 5 to 10 times as valuable as the latter. The extent
of the exports from 1790 to 1820, inclusive, is set forth in Table 19, com-
piled from the American State Papers and from Pitkin’s Statistics.
The value of the exports from 1792 to 1802, inclusive, is not definitely
known, and for the years from 1803 to 1816, inclusive, the values of
sperm oil and spermaceti are aggregated, as also are those of whale oil
and whalebone.
19. Statement of the exports of fishery products from the United States during each year
from 1790 to 1820, inclusive.
Fish. Marine oils.
pesending Sep; Dried or smoked. Pickled or brine-salted. Sperm.
Quintals. Values. Barrels. Kegs. Values. Gallons. | Values.
378, 721 $828, 531 BONS 04a eet ree $113, 165 a5, 431 $79, 542
383, 237 958, 093 Diao a | meeisisrcteiciaisiars 172, 272 134, 595 53, 838
364, 898 (b) A OT | Gobascosnee (b) 63, 383 (b)
372, 825 (b) ASE AAO Sees (b) 140, 056 (v)
436, 554 (b) S6K950I eae seas (db) 82, 493 (b)
400, 818 (b) BONGO OM eeeretere ses at (Db) 80, 856 (b)
377, 713 (b) 84, 558 5, 256 (b) 164, 045 (Db)
406, 016 (b) 69, 782 7, 351 (b) 27, 556 (b)
411, 075 (b) 66, 827 6, 220 (b) 128, 758 (b)
428, 495 (Db) 63. 543 15, 993 (Db) 114, 264 (b)
392, 726 (Db) 50, 388 12, 403 (b) 221, 762 (b)
410, 948 (b) 85, 935 10, 424 (b) 91, 684 (b)
440, 954 (dD) 75, 819 13, 229 (dD) 28, 470 (Db)
461,870 {| 1,620, 000 76, 831 11, 565 560, 000 46, 984 (c)
567,825 | 2,400, 000 89, 442 13, 045 640, 000 5, 550 (c)
514,549 | 2,058, 000 56, 770 7, 207 348, 000 72, 624 (c)
537,457 | 2,150, 000 64, 615 10, 155 366, 000 42,785 (c)
473,924 | 1, 896, 000 57, 621 138, 743 302, 000 44, 339 (c)
155, 808 623, 000 18, 957 38, 036 98, 000 612 (c)
345, 648 | 1, 123, 000 54, 577 9, 380 282, 000 51, 071 (c)
280, 804 913, 000 34, 674 5, 964 214, 000 63, 910 (c)
216, 387 757, 000 44,716 9, 398 305, 000 136, 249 (c)
169, 019 592, 000 23, 609 38, 143 146, 000 63, 216 (c)
60, 022 210, C00 13, 333 568 CHUN) | aSoGancencce (c)
31, 310 128, 000 8, 436 87 BOVO0OR Beeerceeeeie (c)
102, 824 494, 000 36, 141 38, 062 218, 000 8, 618 (c)
217, 892 935, 000 37, 979 6, 983 221, 000 2, 756 (c)
267,514 | 1,003, 178 44, 426 15, 551 324, 872 11, 300 11, 300
308, 717 1, 080, 510 55, 119 7, 100 317, 355, 208, 467 156, 350
280,555 | 1, 052, 081 66, 563 6, 746 409, 497 75, 360 55, 520
321, 419 964, 257 87, 916 7, 309 538, 433 9, 307 6, 980
9, 9 2, 121, 070
riya Hae") lees Pascoe 15649451 |) 0) 2044 O1g | cease eee ; Aaa : » See
a@ Barrels. b Not separately reported. c Included with whale and fish oil.
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES. 463
19. Statement of the exports of fishery products from the United States during each year
from 1790 to 1820, inclusive—Continued.
Marine oils (continued).
sae == = Spermaceti. Whalebone. Total.
Year ending Sep-| Whale and fish.
Gallons. Values. Pounds. Values. Pounds. | Values. | Values.
|
a 15, 765 $124, 908 70, 379 $27, 724 121,281 | $20,417 | $1,194, 287
447, 323 89, 465 182, 400 54, 720 124, 829 24, 966 1, 3538, 354
436, 423 (dD) 157, 520 (b) 154, 407 (b)
512, 780 (b) 235, 600 (b) 202, 620 (b)
1, 000, 208 (b) 214, 960 (b) 354, 617 (b)
810, 524 (dD) 240, 720 (b) 410, 664 (b)
1, 176, 650 (b) 221, 903 (b) 308, 314 (b)
582, 425 (b) 130, 438 (b) 452, 127 (d)
700, 040 (b) 144, 149 (b) 62, 805 (D)
420, 949 (b) 240, 301 (b) 89, 552 (b)
204, 468 (dD) 181, 321 (dD) 32, 636 (b)
215, 522 (b) 290, 666 (b) 23, 106 (b)
379, 976 (b) 135, 637 (b) 80, 334 (b)
550, 535 ¢ 280, 000 238, 034 da 175, 000 69, 802 (e) 2, 635, 000
646, 505 ¢ 310, 000 127, 602 a70, 000 134, 006 (e) 3, 420, 000
626, 089 e315, 060 180, 535 @ 163, 000 21, 335 (e) 2, 884, 000
826, 233 e418, 000 294, 789 d@ 182, 000 50, 594 (e) 3, 116, 000
932, 797 c 476, 000 172, 132 d@ 130, 000 104, 635 (e) 2, 804, 000
198, 019 88, 000 45, 130 423, 000 8, 660 (e) 832, 000
421, 282 ¢ 169, 000 214, 444 136, 000 8, 825 (e) 1, 710, 000
544, 734 c 222, 000 187, 190 @132, 000 42, 843 (2) 1, 481, 000
186, 661 78, 000 257, 094 d 273, 000 30, 346 (e) 1, 413, 000
106, 369 ¢ 56, 000 157, 596 a 141, 000 8, 128 (e) 935, 000
4,979 ¢ 2, 500 26, 522 10, 500 304, 000
837 ¢1, 000 21, 154 9, 000 188, 000
68, 921 c57, 000 312, 065 d 143, 000 912, 000
177, 810 ¢ 116, 000 116, 916 SOO00R aes eae saeco 1, 331, 000
460, 888 230, 444 201, 939 100, 970 3, 668 734 1, 671, 498
986, 252 493, 126 305, 142 137, 314 9, 300 1,581 | 2,186, 236
860, 112 430, 056 169, 919 76, 463 8, 038 804 | 2,024,421
1, 262, 094 631, 047 267, 177 106, 871 25, 202 5, 040 2, 252, 628
|§15, 748, 4052 > = A
Totals 2-2-- Ri tebA7656| ees oc OM Ad ST Aa me ae eeeeats 21949" 8480 | nose ctar ec lbaoctae eee ets
a Barrels. d Includes value of whalebone,
b Not separately reported. e Included with spermaceti.
e Includes value of sperm oil,
Exports from 1821 to 1894.—Table 20,compiled from the annual reports
oncommerce and navigation, United States Treasury Department, shows
the exports of domestic fishery products during each year from 1821 to
1894, inclusive. Prior to 1865, fresh fish were not specially enumer-
ated, and the same is true of ‘‘canned fish and other products” prior
to 1869, and of oysters prior to 1864; but the imports of those articles
before the years stated were not of great extent. It appears from this
table that of the $274,096,530 worth of domestic fishery products
exported since 1820, $86,744,975 worth, or 31 per cent, was marine oils;
$51,990,798, or 19 per cent, dried or smoked fish; 12 per cent, whale-
bone; 6 per cent, brine-salted fish; 5 per cent, oysters, and 4 per cent,
spermaceti.
A64
9
=
REPORT OF
during each year from 1821 to 1894, inclusive.
COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
0. Classified statement of the domestic exports of fishery products from the United States
Fish, shellfish, ete. Marine oils.
BY. Fresl Dried ked B lted naoeke
Tear ‘resh ried or smoked rine-salted or |andother :
ending— fish, fish. pickled fish. prepared Oysters: Sperm oil:
fish.
Values. | Quintals.| Values. | Barrels.| Values. | Values. | Values. | Gallons. | Values.
Sept. 30—
Weal eS aboassodac 267,305) $708,778] 76,950) $264, 813)...----...)..2-22. 22. 7, 250 $5, 340
US22iee eee [esis a tales 241° 228) 666,730] 70,026) 249) 108)...---- =) ee ee 7, 610 6, 060
Ue) ssa boooescce 262,766) 734,024) 76,772) 270, 776|.-.--..--.|.-........ 18, 333 8, 972
(cpl oes Ssbscgsqaec BLOM189 SS; O80|inatA plo lteecOd: OL See marrrner ee eaeeetel 23, 578 10, 500
(ee eossalbdsdtosse 300, 857) 830,356), 71,902) 248,417)... 2.2) eco 30, 548 17, 679
UEP sogSd| beoccopse 2605-803!) GGT, 42h S6FSiii|) we2oN, 80) sone etree meee meee 35, 528 23, 517
IBY) scons iosneoooe 247, 321 UA ore Wa ee Py eee sp cod||sscccescoe 78, 661 48, 220
IAB sas belleoscestias AGO we Lil VOLO NOZO] O44 54 Ninn atO tol eieyalet tera | eee 297, 276) 190, 669
IPL) ssesaesacendoe 294,761} 747,541) 62,030] 220,527)..........|.---..--.- 140, 241 92, 554
WEE Sscacjpeocedasc 229,796, 530,690, 66,953) 225, 987)....-..-.-|......-.-.- 58, 814 38, 618
ICE ha oees| SP Seoe copes 230507)" + 1625,.393|) «925861) 99304 44 Pease ea |leaeeeeeee 78, 159 53, 526
IBY coo ag|bshessse5 250 MOLz | B74 98909 | O38 274 ns 065 62 eter eretersiatal| eerste peels 48, 212 38, 161
IRB oossc/besss5cor PERS) AIRE GUE VXI) PAGES Sonc ode Sdakedaess 50, 392 42, 589
Roop ealboauksoua 253, 132) 630, 384 61, 931 223) 290|\eeentemtete lel ee eteteeeelet 60, 935 50, 048
Ike Mcoeasbooss suas 287, 721 783, 895 52, 097 241639| (ste etc meessemeceeee 63, 827 52, 5381
USB) cocabkoasnceuos 240, 769) 746,464) 48,629) 221, 426)..........)....-..--. 155,142) 119, 787
UGE fobace|booosooor 188,943) 588,506) 40,946) 181,334)..........|...-...... 177,004; 151,875
ee oscar yeeeeooar 206,028) 626,245) 42,034) 192, 758)......-...}...------. 166, 805! 187, 809
USE) cceos|bossestas PANS PAD PRU Pale Pee SBP A asoisoeellonoodaae a 86, 047 85, 015
Ie oe she sSqe0ne8 | 211,425) 541,858) 42,556) 179, 106)...-......|.........- 434,608) 430,490
GEOL So5 os baba soooe Zor LOO O02 SLO Ss On Oeil wimL SOO Nol eeteteteyatetes | elerietiete tle 349, 393, 3438, 300
Te) Se ed Sasssoooe 206,083! 56782) A alG |) ValG2 1324 eee ceectts| eee mie 287,761) 233,114
June 30—
THI} So sce) b5caca5ce 149220) SSIS ETS) = 29Nb3i) el 64042 ees ejeieee| selene ai 476, 688) 310,768
We eo selbsansscee ABE IO “GREE ERI) Ce ales aly alt eee ac condlieessancone 451,317) 344, 930
1M eos|losonsboos 288, 380) 803,353) 43,478) 208, 654/..........|....-..--- 1,054, 301) 975, 195
UE woe delloosscacse 277, 401) (699)559) 56; 588) 230) 495) -- 2 ee ee 772,019} 697,570
We pasballoooseecee 258, 870| 659, 629 31, 072 L8G: 221 Ses cee cle leeetieeese 795,792! 738, 456
WS a cecilononsooss 2067549 | GOONS S222 O18 |e OOF Bio peee sere | Seer 206, 431) 208, 832
IRE®) Socac||poonsecee 197, 457) 419,092) 22, 636 93:(085)22 22452c5\aneeeee ee 526, 817| 572,763
1D cos sdlesosccdat 168, 600) 365, 349} 19, 483 91-445). 5-55. mcerd|seeecee see 730,743| 788, 794
USB 2 cn ojeasece sor POUO88) B6r i297 21616) 13) 982)\2 ee een aleeecine seine 905, 778] 1, 044, 967
ASE ca selbaee uae EY GVRP civ iiby|l TORGHl ACRES a ace a be bowl oa a 644,765} 809, 274
QRS ee ce en 131, 665| 371,607| 15,060/ 89, 409|_.........|...---..-. 1, 131, 098} 1, 418, 845
WE Seo sslloboossanc SLOT SS SONO Ks |y 20 OCO nn LOD Seema errs es |e ener ieee 847, 535) 1, 105, 907
IG caceallessestcce 119, 926) 379,892) 17,176 Ce oe enogadn aacooapeiss 958, 744) 1, 593, 832
USSG recteiers|| =eeltte t=” WaeE Sl brill) SHIRTS) ANGE GR LoaSescesdlessossascc 540,784) 977, 005
W/E cllesiscocec TEMG ay (Oh ett) ath Olin | INGE eee coanonbocceseaar 819, 081) 1, 216, 888
Use Sooclessoacaoe N61 269) 7 ABT AO0TI WBONSO2 5 LOT aa eee cers bese rleyerees 896, 923) 1, 097, 505
IGE segad|bacssdace 209300 |p O42 190015 SD) BOL lea03 OU Demme mee leper ete 1, 341, 025} 1, 737, 734
UW) seesollsassaceor ZLO628)) 690088) = 134, a1 9) LOIN G34) Reese eee sees 1, 335, 736) 1, 789, 089
iGO pee seldesosD Sec 219, 324) 634,941] 48,685) 244, 028/..........|......---- 1, 518, 457| 2, 110, 823
1862 eees $79,453) 250,819) 712,584) 68; 642) 9330; 685). .---..---|2- 2-22 -- 739,477; 962, 603
1863 ...-.|--------- 2285204) SO2TE TST 75 262) 42916 feooenc eee aeeeeee see 1, 034, 794) 1, 569, 287
UGG no solbodessoes 192,505! 967,918) 75,280) 508,568) $29,543) $85,089} 851, 066 1, 298, 058
SOD seis 13,890) 157,472) 1) 107,955) 56;'874| 632,690)... ---- 126, 889} 700, 186) 1, 511, 323
866i 192, 198} 139,693) 734,427) 34,305) 360,074).......... 200, 409! 510, 978) 1, 180, 381
SG Teese 189, 281 109,114; 596,586) 22,591] 217, 494)...-..__.. 181,271) 570, 894) 1, 482, 570
1868 ...-- 184,774) 129,074) 598,137; 25,033) 209, 461)........-. 121, 946) 662, 570) 1, 379, 814
1869) ee nee 65, 348 88,415} 398,825} 24,228) 213,455) 272, 397 89, 266) 717,172) 1, 361, 388
STO ase 69,131) 111,672; 579,334| 30,935) 253,211] 887,739) 134,804} 499,797) 794,432
SAL coon8 39,983) 119,618) 592,598) 29,653, 226, 369) 470,945, 168,122) 539,582) 692, 469
WS) scods 67, 832} 126,613) 588,194) 30,642) 209,077) 635,533) 173, 711 693, 674| 979, 682
IVE ossde 64,577; 118,076) 569, 151 16,747; 109,201) 677,171] 243,723) 756,306) 1, 095, 831
NSS eee 56,974) 129,982) 612,589} 29,000) 226,041] 1,128,208} 223,733) 529,903) 827, 991
IUD ona6e 69,448) 129,752) 710,121} 51,025) 359, 669] 1,855,550) 170,277) 491,130) 847,014
Is essae 80,879} 175,528) 900,306] 54,291) 417,281] 2,102,522) 214,196) 892,762) 1, 366, 246
Ii, Soa65 114,338] 159,648) 791,785) 76,227) 486,738] 2,492,405) 260,620) 634,991! 879, 865
They ey bs ome 84,278; 188,831) 766,154; 57,554) 416, 162} 3,204,965} 393,061) 723,398] 801, 218
iy) eeare 80,437) 197,180) 748,747) 47,764) 290, 862) 2,951,833) 453,306) 812,928) 719, 831
ete) osohe 124,962} 179,450} 739,231) 54,345} 284,293) 2,336,893] 543,895) 482,153) 487, 004
SS 97,539} 212,691) 840,199} 52,092) 264, 723} 2,807,963} 582,249) 314,568) 303, 113
Ie Sso6e 89,148} 159,512) 635,155) 38,224) 244,454] 3,221,707} 612,793) 540,064) 551, 212
CEB eoce 72, 875 158,445) 882,830) 48,551| 372,385) 3,223,870) 629,636] 275,021) 290,417
1884 ...-- 62,009} 197,352) 1,149,952} 45,034] 296, 896) 2,661,587) 572,487} 343,069} 325, 385
S85 eens 33, 350} 220,505) 1,079,115) 60,004) 310,170) 2,754,665; 715,619) 209,846) 183, 499
18862 s—-- 29,734] 190,253) 890,311) 59,371| 288,188] 2,268,649) 732,019! 179,808) 149,936
1887 .-.-. 14,751) 195,736] 852,212) 36,070) 216,619) 2,148,163) 733,973) 157,169) 119, 267
Ihe So ode 28,965) 201,590) 988,401) 19,981 156, 454) 2,145,458] 858,652} 136,092) © 94,568
Ie ensas 27,151) 178,911) 941,732) 20,601) 186,609) 4,029,572) 834,171 98, 832 69, 628
1890 Reece 48,086} 198,308) 980,245) 26,898} 136,036) 4,039,220} 837,239) 162,565) 124, 601
WEB co G6c 40,084) 201,082) 1,076,381) 35,392) 196,799) 2,868,249) 817, 108 62, 552 46, 866
Rd aoa 66,498] 173,024) 933,324) 39,505} 216, 751/ 2,561,919} 744,271) 140,655} 103, 031
UCR a so5c 100, 656} 186,434) 910,145) 28,105) 181,412) 2,933,477] 625,079} 115, 104 61, 245
Eh ee 48,820) 190,456) 879,500) 36,593) 192,398) 1,682,830) 688, 653 85, 204 72,141
Total. - 2, 337, 449) 14, 777, 089 51, 990, 798 3, 382, 943)17, 404, 920/57, 893, 033/13, 768, 267/34, 274, 468/44, 451, 467
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES.
465
20. Classified statement of the domestic exports of fishery products from the United States
during each year from 1821 to 1894, inclusive—Continued.
—_
Marine oils (cont'd). Allother
Weticr » | == | Spermaceti. Whalebone. fishery Total.
ending— Whale and fish oils. products.
Gallons. Values. | Pounds. | Values. | Pounds. | Values. | Values. | Values.
Sept. 30—
EP ple Gene 1, 068,025 | $348, 991 424,952 | $169, 777 16, 349 SIA OT Resaiseraias $1, 499, 188
1822..... 990, 325 811, 415 399, 925 151, 226 25, 202 GEO lsoscusacas 1, 389, 579
1823...-. 1, 453, 126 415, 713 749, 973 212, 337 86, 474 NGA 20 areas rclererere 1, 658, 224
1824-.<-. 1, 251, 836 296, 708 598, 181 157, 772 60, 693 UE SUD |lscdeconccde 1, 610, 990
IPE aides 1, 072, 615 250, 200 617, 072 202, 188 212, 062 BOPP |loosccoacac 1, 595, 065
1826251 652, 401 183, 343 836, 280 288, 104 188, 709 BB HtOWPA booaonoesc 1, 473, 388
IEPVeseac 481, 180 142, 648 | 1, 003, 658 316, 061 241, 085 805/956) | ee temi- ste 1, 575, 332
1828..... 488,468 | 140,279] 904,597 | 255,378] 120,128 1, 693, 980
Le29 Eee a. 1, 237, 962 358, 822 | 1, 055, 906 261, 315 464, 225 1, 817, 100
1830 ....| 1,833,196} 568,326 | 1,082,941 | 249,292 | 404,919 1, 725, 270
1S3iae =: 1, 687, 5384 554, 440 847, 384 217, 830 565, 926 1, 889, 472
1832..... 3, 605, 913 | 1, 009, 728 859, 886 267, 333 | 1, 044, 227 2, 558, 538
IER Ssp505 3, 298, 872 924, 810 905, 318 259, 451 | 1, 203,176 2, 402, 469
1834..... 2, 614, 814 740, 619 851, 556 257, 718 873, 983 2, 071, 493
1835..... 2, 217, 321 773, 486 920, 746 284, 019 270, 977 2,174, 524
Te9Gesoe 2, 362, 325 | 1,049,466 | 1,018,520 | 341,907! 731,500 2, 666, 058
NEY eonoe 3, 624, 001 | 1, 271, 545 892, 852 294, 510 | 1, 129, 509 223;,082) |\0eceesiei=1- 2, 711, 452
1838...-. 4, 824, 376 | 1,556,775 | 1, 074, 569 340, 531 | 1, 634, 570 B21 405) lseeeereeer 3, 175, 576
1839..... 1, 482, 908 515, 484 466, 896 178, 142 | 1, 445, 098 OO OO atetaiatatetetets 1, 917, 969
1840...-. 4, 520, 878 | 1, 404, 984 853, 938 332, 353 | 1, 892, 259 GU SH lbaesooccad 3, 199, 170
TSAO eer 4, 094,924 | 1,260,660 | 599,657 | 231,960 | 1,271,363 | 259,148 ].......... 2, 846, 851
1842..... 3, 909, 728 | 1,315, 411. 986, 010 318, 997 918, 280 225, 382 |........-. 2, 823, 010
June 30—
1843..... 2, 479, 916 803, 774 965, 073 243, 308 898, 773 Pas e RA Wee csdcacec 2, 112, 548
1844..... 4,104, 504 | 1, 464, 968 606, 454 180, 492 | 1, 149, 607 4631096) ||Sao-mierere 3, 350, 501
18452505. 4, 505, 662 | 1, 520, 363 812, 879 236,917 | 2, 084, 019 0625 G42 ee tccisice - 4, 507, 124
1846..... 2, 652, 874 946, 298 | 1, 083, 839 295, 606 | 1, 697, 892 BRA CMD oeeosocecs 3, 453, 398
1847.-..-. 3, 189, 562 | 1, 070, 659 705, 150 191, 467 | 2,031, 137 GTUAGOUS | aereatctomcte 3, 468, 033
1848...-. 1, 607, 038 552, 388 598, 452 186, 889 | 1, 054, 379 aileh IU |neaodocend 1, 980, 963
Sao eer 2, 783, 480 965, 597 503, 911 159, 403 | 1, 198, 250 Bap (le ocbacopane 2, 547, 654
V850 Essa 1, 470, 197 672, 640 742, 528 260,107 | 1,981, 231 646, 483 |....-...-. 2, 824, 818
Gi oso 2, 004, 886 882, 485 538, 549 195, 916 | 2, 281, 931 G89NCC29 Bocaemisrerte 8, 294, 691
1852..... 892, 309 440, 387 397, 398 143, 098 | 1, 184, 156 CRUE GIG} |bancoaeace 2, 282, 442
M8532. -)-/6 321, 989 223, 247 343, 992 112,600 | 2,825, 069 | 1,063, 705 |.........-. 3, 279, 413
1854..... 718, 842 490, 426 255, 825 77,991 | 2, 156, 864 SLASH ie essere 3, 044, 301
1855..-.. 705, 492 485, 505 666, 680 181, 874 | 1, 944, 809 TRG latamonacce 3, 516, 894
1856..... 646, 694 526, 338 201, 390 64, 857 | 1,982, 800 | 1, 036, 647 }.-...-.-.. 3, 356, 797
Ueno 414, 466 363, 665 185, 563 70, 088 | 2, 042, 390 | 1,307, 322 |.........- 3, 739, 644
1858eea- 840, 127 597, 107 168, 897 GENO else SOL) AOS 2230s ene crice 3, 550, 295
W859 eeerar 996, 341 598, 762 126, 229 46, 278 | 1,380, 465 | 1, 233, 539 |....-..... 4, 462, 974
1860..--. 1, 335, 736 537, 547 157, 783 51, 829 | 1, 068, 895 89652935) Pa meremeter= 4, 156, 480
PSG 1, 009, 468 581, 264 456, 408 148, 907 979, 231 136)002) |e smi= atale = i 4,451, 515
1862..... 2, 599, 316 | 1, 280, 697 280, 526 64, 481 796, 384 Bie RB alasoccoscce 3, 987, 298
1863..-.. 2, 055, 511 | 1, 483, 593 229, 472 76, 946 603, 186 DiOwboon | se aac 5, 056, 006
1864..... 416, 405 438, 957 624, 129 184, 608 548, 099 TEER GUYs | aconcecas 4, 306, 303
1865..... 644, 547 816, 494 224, 162 93, 062 318, 912 4935 3116) |B omaeecctes 4, 795, 619
W8GGR oer. 177, 509 205, 250 191, 799 33, 592 486, 370 G565188) Foss eeea= 3, 562, 519
SGTeeeci= 426, 882 319, 840 77. 715 23, 339 618, 363 GER Bllescanasoon 3, 663, 634
1868..-.. 706, 5384 507, 476 332, 023 128, 337 696, 064 eH RUBY |Egosscacaa 3, 717, 248
SEO eerste 94, 361 81, 860 253, 445 88, 706 405, 396 384,435 | $46, 040 3, 001, 720
IVa ooe 310, 878 228, 278 82, 520 27, 172 386, 728 343, 937 52, 479 2, 870, 517
eval ae ce 862, 434 452, 937 157, 263 42,170 353, 742 251, 562 56, 882 2, 994, 037
1872..... 1, 171, 646 552, 756 190, 736 56, 996 172, 889 137, 855 41, 535 3, 443, 171
IV Bene ac 288, 263 154, 248 197, 671 55, 815 324, 653 329, 214 21, 480 3, 320, 406
S74 sen 573, 775 280, 750 304, 865 78, 346 114, 530 115, 098 17, 013 3, 566, 743
PS iar 895, 907 413, 411 238, 641 61, 725 251, 572 291, 165 66, 467 4, 844, 847
AST Gear 1, 067, 515 436, 072 141, 157 35, 915 154, 500 215, 327 37, 701 5, 806, 445
UT leose 1, 026, 038 442, 165 153, 552 41, 027 71, 708 160, 666 65, 066 5, 734, 675
UW iieeaoe 904, 988 411, 808 228, 276 58, 302 154, 016 264, 980 35, 320 6, 436, 248
NST OSs — 2, 236, 265 756, 248 147, 503 35, 489 78, 322 199, 753 44, 782 6, 281, 288
1880..-... 1, 022, 889 349, 109 197, 847 45, 018 131, 332 255, 847 81, 879 5, 248, 131
Ihe osens 597, 812 229, 726 214, 205 40, 945 227, 117 326, 400 61, 977 5, 554, 8384
1882..... 1, 083, 925 420, 730 265, 593 48, 721 220, 787 325, 333 64, 105 6, 213, 358
1883-.--. 226, 983 115, 490 396, 869 66, 651 326, 835 599, 550 26, 016 6, 279, 720
Ie eee 488, 915 190, 704 259, 947 48, 553 92, 653 319, 508 37, 804 5, 664, 885
IEG oa ec 977, 768 321, 227 277, 271 63, 683 188, 482 470, 039 87, 378 6, 018, 745
1886..... 1, 184, 871 361, 171 334, 918 125, 840 165, 436 385, 058 33, 740 5, 264, 646
WeeYicosce 1, 348, 804 352, 114 336, 222 139, 656 173, 452 523, 267 54, 158 5, 154, 180
HSEBEr oR. 1, 360, 409 315, 277 226, 576 84, 018 318, 056 799, 042 47, 717 5, 518, 552
1889-22 -. 483, 208 127, 412 425, 479 111, 386 261, 555 762, 464 23, 214 7, 063, 339
TeSO2ee= 1, 844, 041 440, 773 449, 384 116, 757 190, 484 705, 500 29, 928 7, 458, 385
18a ae 1, 404, 769 354, 337 207, 574 71, 202 159, 322 717, 230 22, 321 6, 210, 577
1892..... 829, 173 234, 937 273, 981 90, 842 82, 797 427, 462 24,552 | 5, 403, 587
1893..... 90, 696 31, 683 340, 192 105, 012 148, 130 543, 045 49, 624 5, 541, 378
1894..... 209, 167 68, 710 342, 786 99, 467 152, 709 441, 969 83, 818 4, 258, 306
Total -}111, 014, 515 |42, 293, 508 (36, 072,116 |10, 940, 519 /55, 215, 494 |31, 803, 573 |1, 212, 996 | 274, 096, 530
F. R. 9430
466 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
From the preceding compilation it appears that during the ten years
following 1875 the value of the fishery products annually exported
varied little from $6,000,000. From 1887 to 1890 the value steadily
increased, reaching $7,458,385 during the last year, the highest record.
A steady decline has occurred since 1890, the exports during 1894 being
$3,200,079 less than in 1890 and smaller than during any previous
year for twenty years.
While some falling off is apparent in the exports of dried or smoked
fish, oysters, and the products of the whale fishery, yet the principal
cause of the decrease since 1890 is the remarkable reduction in value
of “canned and other prepared fish.” The value of these decreased
from $4,039,220 in 1890 to $1,682,830 in 1894, a difference of $2,356,390.
This class is made up principally of canned salmon, the exports of
which were worth $3,259,344 in 1890 and only $1,026,197 in 1894.
A series of tables is next presented, showing, so far as practicable,
the quantities and values of the various kinds of fishery products
included in each classification noted in the preceding table.
It is impracticable to show the quantity of fresh fish exported prior
to 1884, but the quantity and value of those exported annually from
1884 to 1894, inclusive, are shown in Table 21. This consists of fresh
or frozen fish shipped to countries adjacent to the United States, and
principally to Quebec, Cuba, and Mexico.
21. Statement of the domestic exports of fresh fish during each year from 1884 to 1894,
inclusive.
Average
Year ending June 30— Values. |values per
pound.
Cents.
FSG Aer nt oe Slt ine aS RE oh, Reatateis tate Sioraiate emiators ARIOBODDBOHAGA HEEL 1,641,061 | $62, 009 3.8
IG) aS coooceoS0S goon co SnoScdeoncecccssesoocsos0bemoearenooscocose 1, 035, 242 33, 350 3. 2
Ikste{8) sso occa soue DCOODS US Cb Ode OSU e ou SodaS seo eSo COD poDoDearopsosonsocd 913, 114 29, 734 3.2
TIRIY) a qpaonodoosode oc aee ash GacouDOSOSoN EU Sisuoe do pocnoEaceseescaascoor 463, 381 14, 751 3.2
1 ef ae aoe Soeecio oo cece concdoos GUaHod bens ouanrddonoasasseranscosdadace 919, 497 28, 965 3.1
IGE cache scosbogacedogesear acoso nn ssoSSecooduocdcosHoosedESandascace 1, 062, 557 27, 151 2.6
SEO ped acodsnacesessonbocoodoooogSosordod bes sec ccaddponaRenasqsoonEdT 1, 048, 162 48, 086 4.6
TROL 8 Sep esc OSS OBC OCUOnOnoRae cua epeoriae oeaesocdccconuseachaDangosag] 868, 796 40, 084 4.6
TIGER decssasoro tig banaer lodtacsane sao Seonoonoasacd rio Hoa nOmAeOnOODeSE 1, 414, 019 66, 498 4.7
MOR} scetccoscbosobecsodacsoge nauancoooCeS DD cotnegosaonsesccpooesas 2,718, 341 | 100, 656 3.7
TMU oc co acbenobescem Greco sono Dob sDoDESSouSScobooUdodasHooDpOoSODS 1, 115, 742 48, 820 4.4
Mo tale age 4st § Bere: hee. oi BN Aoetybthe Ua aie Secret cee ee eae 13, 194,912 | 500, 104 |........--
During the 104 years ending in 1894 the exports of dried or smoked
fish amounted to 25,295,613 quintals, valued at about $89,000,000. ‘The
exports prior to 1840 consisted almost entirely of dry-salted cod and
similar fish, as haddock, hake, ete.; but the increasing trade in smoked
herring resulted in the exportation of large quantities of that product,
especially about 1860. In addition to those species, halibut, mullet,
sturgeon, ete., either smoked or dry salted, are now exported in con-
siderable quantities.
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES. 467
The following compilation shows separately the quantities and values
of cod, herring, and other dried or smoked fish exported during a series
of years ending in 1894;
22. Statement of the domestic exports of dried or smoked fish during each year from 1884
to 1894, inclusive.
Cod, haddock, hake,
Year Nigh Herring. Other species. Total.
ending =e i i = =
June— Pounds. Values. | Pounds. | Values. | Pounds. | Values. | Pounds. | Values.
14, 929, 123 | $734, 946 (a) (a) 7, 174, 3382 | $415, 006 | 22, 103, 455 |$1, 149, 952
18, 178, 987 724, 858 (a) (a) 6, 517,596 354, 257 | 24, 696, 583 | 1,079, 115
15, 664,195 | 602, 934 (a) (a) 5, 644, 202 | 287,377 | 21,308,397 | 890,311
-| 16, 948, 748 587, 082 (a) (a) 4, 978, 826 265,180 | 21,922; 574 852, 212
= 17, 820, 883 | 819,559 | 2,948,620 | $79,539 | 1,809, 568 89, 303 | 22, 579, 071 988, 401
.| 15, 625,928 | 754,619 | 2,404, 433 80,281 | 2,007,615 | 106, 832 | 20, 037, 976 941, 732
17, 030,019 | 793,186 | 3,664,704 | 103,091 | 1,515,790 83, 968 | 22, 210, 513 980, 245
Telos osseos 17, 313,170 | 890,277 | 3,777,535 | 105,260 | 1,431, 444 80, 844 | 22,522,149 | 1, 076, 381
189 2oeeeeiart 14, 435,878 | 765,199 | 3, 279, 263 2,772 | 1, 663, 572 85, 353 | 19, 378, 713 933, 324
Hell Becoogeee 14, 853, 627 | 728,475 | 4, 085, 378 93,412 | 1,941, 591 88, 258 | 20, 880, 596 910, 145
IY ea sncooe 14, 733,648 | 704,652 | 5,118,025 | 123,882 | 1,479, 407 50,966 | 21,331,080 | 879, 500
Total ... .|177, 529, 206 |8, 105, 787 | 25,277,958 | 668, 237 | 36, 163, 943 |1, 907, 294 |238, 971, 107 /10, 681, 318
a Included with ‘‘ Other species.”
The brine-salted or pickled fish consist of herring, mackerel, salmon,
cod, alewives, etc. Table 23 shows the quantities and values of the
domestic herring exported during a series of years ending in 1894,
The value of pickled salmon exported is shown in Table 24.
23. Statement of the domestic exports of brine-salted or pickled fish (exclusive of salmon)
during each year from 1884 to 1894, inclusive.
=
p il Herring. Mackerel. | Others, except SARA Total.
Year ending a =
June 30— Barrels. | Values. | Barrels. Values. | Barrels. | Values. Barrels. | Values.
NGSdenesaeiesecioas (a) (a) 13, 102 | $107, 950 31, 932 £188, 946 45, 034 $296, 896
IR eee Bo ceaeoaee (a) (a) 24, 512 139, 663 35, 492 170, 507 60, 004 310, 170
RE ero nee asooor (a) (a) 28, 505 143, 847 30, 866 144, 341 59, 371 288, 188
TSS llecseiacmteiaasiai= © (a) (a) 15, 760 106, 967 20, 310 109, 652 36, 070 216, 619
1888 scscacnccace sc 3, 668 $22, 146 7, 036 71, 149 9, 277 63, 159 19, 981 156, 454
1889) Ke coerctescete
Guianas—
iBritishweecesceresersas 6, 415 329 129, 359 | 5,993 27, 000 548 43 8
Daten yecescsece msec cecoas ceine|eiclece ens 737, 278 | 22, 181 28, 300 (WM ecdcsossessoonsac
TON Cha anaes Bete Beeler an eine’ 228,562 | 6,697} 16,310 SAT) Mae hae Rees
PROT ects cece eeneieinlc eis | eens eter eee ee 560 35 100 Sillaguenoodsallboqeaco0
ViGneZUGlaiaetorscseten|beceucaes eecieees 270, 453 | 14, 251 917062) 92/898) |e eee eae |e
Total South Amer-
LCRicieiciee ce eclecicce ss 6, 415 329 | 1,659, 067 | 65, 910 195, 038 4, 793 43 8
Asia and Oceanica:
bina ee sees ee aralge | ees eee |eaie ears 14, 510 950 ee SeOncgmedcllnbosooo
Hongkong .\s hice a - o-|cecemmcce | seeeesiss AN) |) stake lonoossasaq|loosacecs 152, 600 9, 182
Ma Palyace ec cees oacleiste ol ciseccaisoieiee cateeeeas 750 AB NW eaeciacwccalensiccaies| saeuece ste eeeeeee
iBritishvAustralasiaes pealeececeeeerleoere eee 635480) | °3,;442!| 2s cceemw ell scdgocdsees
aiden eoceee eee <1 1, 758 24,717 362 1, 522 742 25, 367 115, 361
Santo Domingo..--------- 635 7,517 427 1, 708 254 12 af
Spanish—
Oubamereeseeee sem a=er a - 100 1, 250 6 32 371 96 487
Puerto Rico...--------- 34 (OSilscoaetosus |.--------- BU aseceroac sceadaccuce
Total North America. -- 3, 065 41, 079 3, 0384 11, 507 9, 369 29, 107 131, 566
South America:
Braziliseccces-ccececcnene- 8 THO ae eeencanloocedaaacr Gin roratetetcrah st =1e|'slel= = maa
(Cn Soa sO GO See NONE EO ne eee ORS [SEE EIR Fai iar ts bea ay iy pt Bene eneadsancecpose
Colombia ..----------------- 76 1, 064 262 1, 149 126 ia} 28
Ecuador ...------------:---- 5 (ei. oe oe Ease Guonea pacosuicad pemcore neg ppocsorn oc:
Guianas—
British -.----------------- 31 288 14 58 48 45 285
Tih Wien soscocbedesoosscdd sich Sodacq PeccboaD aq RaRceseera| aes anaes 232 536 3, 021
French ...-.-------------- 10 Shia Soeeoeaecd coop eooce |-nese----- 22 166
Venezuela..-.-------------- 15 219 13 65 348 ye 10
Total South America... 145 1, 864 289 1,272 827 | 610 | 3,510
Asia and Oceanica:
FROME RON acer o2a | man 0| moon lmooo seo lpscnae sl aosc ss be 175
Mexicolee teense eseet. 14,265 | 5,446] 1,477 87 8 25 4 235 | 49, 336
Central America—
@ostaiRicas- <= -- ---/--- 50 OY ao pee esc ssoncdaellsoenaoss| ocooooselleanocodn |Scesrcar 20, 263
Guatemala -.-..-.-..- 200 TKN) Gasedce |ssoosoand|soc 2 Ee ee ele Sep eadlagscoacnd 8, 442
Teen NETA Goonebonceoellassce boe|boeccecde| eaceoced joosce ead loemsacc, | aaacso04 be ccemSc| rir susa 2, 234
INGER S coos ooseScE||Gaqcedou pooboaee|aaobeden||Sescsiasd | Baq=>550|3oRoScor| -Cb60G92| aR oRcp 9, 081
RIN MLOE oubocoscee ned tonboecd baceeses Gaeeud es sasecemd po dogoad|accnenba| aanoo cela acces 2, 226
Britishveonduras eee leee cece leoscece |e ose ce | "ina == | a1e=-I [em ain ome mirieie meric Ta clas 6, 636
iBermudaie-see--= 6-1-1 5 Aileen ee eel eee poellaetrooec lone coord pacacoob Focosame 6, 483
West Indies—
DS TUGIS Dieses eielateleislo'=\= 40 OE tan a oososenlbodcsocd||onpotecac 1, 580 a 103, 584
TOP cos secon eesesas| beedee cel >cocceed |Sasocbed|pecoup nollcooeddne |poooCeSS Son S06 Ba ese ane 1, 892
IDRKANS Soeecseccnccucse 92 TN BA ee sasad| Goscanod boosuaod GOSee GOA rcoccrn 10, 440
Tire Hom aeaoe come deer saccseee bocscood| Guesocod peapecce Sonnets |SCOGKCD) BROOGS30 OR ooaas, 5, 945
186 hnls Soe eqesapeRocoD] 250 OI Wesoeen oc lescoeaed oseeodollodoenoce|ae09Q605 250 652, 723
Siri 1D nie) sceaSea seccaccs pooceeod |p=ocoS6d jaesae ced] paaee End SGSCOCOd pIIEGeS9| Boon OS: 82; 599
Spanish—
(Mle ioeceaco oogEcK 160 WAIL Weeks sooel|lbaseces> 26 Oy pseronclleccanous 117, 752
Puerto Rico ..--<.-- 10 Be i aeelaeeceesdllbebosean bbeccocd paccuccn | 27 6, 353
Total North Amer- |
IEE, Kasia GobOOne 19,609 | 8,190 | 2,569 | 342 142 G11 | 1,721 | 1,564 /1,356, 183
a 993 |
South America:
Argentina....... Joh NUS Db ihe See Ve a en se al Rl ee em See 15, 700
TaeVA ppc ogcoanssaocoude 20 1G Saeed al lspoannod asecaoce Sh Te ee oars 200 61, 383
@hileneaeeceesteerisictestati 16 (Vie os Sealocoousecd eobaKced pec aetateia anise ates 286 16, 057
@olombinees-aseeees- se 2,592 TAGE Seccoscd lsesebecd) bocce oad eecocCUn Soo oooK 45 27, 631
TTI soo qos aGonccconelecseooedllobeeocedleceecood|occccacd |ococqocoa|\doccc OOD acu ocd Onoodaae 6, 578
Guianas—
British 30, 867
IDO SaaS Ago ooocesoos| eco aooed 29, 499
French 8, 460
1B) 4 sSadosseccmoocceos||eocbsacs 5,101
Uruguay : 3, 887
Venezuela...........--- 10 1 62 DIV ae SE real ea ed ee SS 74. 36, O71
Total South Amer-
TOdieieeenitceitivecscle 2, 638 1, 981 62 DN bedoemon boeodec Ho daceobeT 653 241, 234
SS SS Oe
a Fish skins.
474
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
26. Statement by articles and countries of the domestic exports of fishery products from the
United States during the year ending June 30, 1894—Continued.
: x . F Marine
EEC UN ARE Whale oil. Spermaceti. Whalebone. ahalls! Sponges.) Total.
exported.
Gallons.) Values.| Pounds.) Values.|Pounds.| Values.| Values.) Values.) Values.
Asia and Oceanica:
Hina aerate nea Mopeds Neto un wen |yocaeartsl ear ann: ene Sper Baneeoce pacdhd ad asncpiac $3, 064
DEH ION HER, ee N GoodloeneSaca lbousEead |asocaqco|boa00dcd bocdosad scone sed|Ssatdoodlooocceac 5, 800
Hongkong ..-...------- fo aay | BSBh Bt oS Séqccelloanoadca|loascocndiosccoeadiocwenoorllascosocs 175, 743
Japan ....--.-----------|------2-]--------|-- 2-22 e eee nee le eee e elon eee acl ween ene |e were nee 1, 230
British Australasia .--.| 15,019 5402 ||) 341604) | |SLONS OS) | petetereraere | sreteteteratate ears eller otetetetetatat= 235, 086
Jaen OMeonery acces cdllesoaoobslles SecopellSosceseollococdoad|saosdnnasoncoosalloogdepsellesdcsosos 11, 431
Hawaiian Islands ..-.-- 533 DE | Ganoaacd oscecece| |dooudeer|Sorat ceclentinadadlacccoscc 105, 101
Total Asia and
Oceanicai-------- - 2376690831935 841004. | NON SG4s | See stan citer ister mciste eiereiel| eietetetetetete 537, 455
Africa: eer uae
IskouHislal USM emo ab odadloodacpodibccuonce|bcodeodd||scaceosd| Scopsuediossccccc $36 7a beeeeeter 24, 220
(Opiit heyy 10s) bl ae eae 8 eee oo) aaaeoces|asteased sessoacds sccosna|ascosmec|seonscor lees 314
IX bE eae booS Te SoEeoocr Bpocobod Isceoceace ececosed| Sac cc oe oocdreigce |Sscodond| eeercoodsoccc— cc 2,095
tyre GBC ococeeolbocse borllacasessollaaocosndlocpoddacdllodabasodlocnsagsor AO Weotooses 26, 629
All other islands and
ports ----.-.--.-- 2-2 -- |e eee | oe een elon ences awe ene l ene en sae GEG) |S oee5ecc 7, 847
Grand total ........ 188, 852 107, 077 |342, 786 | 99, 467 152, 709 |$441, 969) 74,328 | $8, 497 |4, 258, 306
a 993
a Fish skins.
Reciprocity treaties with other American countries.—The provisions of
section 3 of the tariff act of 1890 resulted in reciprocal treaties or
agreements relating to nine countries in the Western Hemisphere, by
which the duties on fish (and about 2,000 other articles) of United
States production were affected, in some cases being entirely abro-
gated and in others reduced 25 or 50 per cent.
related to the following countries:
These agreements
Countries.
Cuba
British West Indies
Nicaragua...........-.---
Ist AGES S555 sne0ssess506
Guatemala ..-......--..--
Santo Domingo .-..-.-....-.
Salvador moses esse-e= =
Date of taking
effect.
April 1, 1891
Sept. 1, 1891
Do.
Do.
Feb. 1, 1892
Do.
Mar. 12, 1892
SEE RO Hoe ooOS May 25, 1892
nboaoeHaegsud May 30, 1892
It does not appear, however, that these discriminations in favor of
the United States had any appreciable effect toward increasing the
fishery exports to those countries.
The repeal in 1894 of the act of 1890
resulted in a termination of these reciprocal relations.
For an account of the Canadian reciprocity trade see p. 458.
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES. 475
IV.—COD, HADDOCK, HAKE, AND POLLOCK.
General statements of trade.—Dried cod was the first domestic fishery
product exported from the United States. In 1774 the value of the
exported cod was $1,000,000, constituting one-sixth of the whole com-
merce of the United States. In 1804 the domestic exports of the United
States were valued at $41,467,477, of which the exports of cod amounted
to 567,825 quintals, with a valuation of $2,400,000, this being the largest
quantity ever exported from this country during any one year.
While large quantities of cured cod and similar fish are now imported
for consumption in this country, yet the imports are exceeded by the
exports. During the ten years ending June 30, 1894, imports of dried
cod for consumption amounted to 106,377,963 pounds, valued at
$3,352,739, while the domestic exports were 162,600,083 pounds, worth
$7,370,841, an excess of 56,222,120 pounds and $4,018,102, an aver-
age of 5,622,212 pounds and $401,810 per year. This average excess is
somewhat reduced, owing to the large imports of 1885, the last year in
which the Washington treaty was operative. Considering only the last
nine years, the average annual excess of the exports over the imports
for consumption has been 7,818,868 pounds and $470,706. The annual
product of dry-salted cod in the United States is about 65,000,000
pounds, valued at $2,600,000.
The following table shows for the ten years ending June 30, 1894, the
quantity and value of the dry-salted cod imported for consumption,
the quantity and value of the domestic exports, the balance of trade
each year, and the average value per 100 pounds of imported and of
exported fish. The extent of the imports of dried cod from 1821 to the
present time is shown in the general tables of imports on pages 441-446.
The domestic exports of cod are contained in Tables 19 and 20 on
pages 462-464,
27. Statement of the codfish trade during a series of ten years ending June 30, 1894.
Imports for con- a , es Average value
Teas sumption. Domestic exports. Balance of trade. per 100 pounds.
ending —
June 30—| pounds. | Values. Pounds. Values. Pounds. Dollars. Cae or
bo seece 32, 326,686 | $943,116 | 18,178,987 | $724,858 | +14, 147,699 | +$218,258 | $2. 92 $3.99
AS862cccc 10, 998, 072 286, 505 15, 664, 195 602, 934 | — 4, 666,123 | — 316, 429 2. 61 3.85
WSSihe se 8, 997, 750 264, 260 16, 943, 748 587, 082 | — 7,945, 998 | — 322, 882 2. 94 3. 46
VERSE oes 10, 446, 892 316, 259 17, 820, 883 819,559 | — 7,373,991 | — 503, 300 3. 03 4.70
TSSoe eee 9, 752, 941 317, 687 15, 625, 928 754,619 | — 5,872,987 | — 436, 932 3. 26 4.83
abe Da eeee 8, 303, 585 247, 327 17, 030, 019 793, 186 | — 8, 726,434 | — 545, 859 2. 98 4.66
bet) ees ae 6, 845, 576 254,074 | 17,313,170 890, 277 | —10, 467,594 | — 636, 203 3.71 5.14
1892-22-22 5, 804, 548 229, 255 14, 435, 878 765,199 | — 8, 631, 330 | — 535, 944 4.95 5. 30
th eee 7, 433, 163 291, 531 14, 853, 627 728,475 | — 7,420,464 | — 436, 944 3.92 4. 90
thot oe 5, 468, 750 202,725 | 14, 733, 648 704, 652 | — 9, 264,898 | — 501, 927 3. 71 4.78
Total ..| 106,377, 963 | 3,352,789 | 162, 600, 083 | 7,370, 841 | —56, 222,120 |—4, 018, 102 | LE aiatesiate | Boe iSe
Note.—In balance of trade, + indicates excess of imports over exports, and — indicates excess of
exports over imports.
A476 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
During each year small quantities of brine-salted cod are imported
into the United States. This trade has never been of great importance.
The following compilation shows the imports for consumption during
the ten years ending June 30, 1894:
28. Statement of the quantity and value of brine-salted codfish imported for consumption
during each year from 1885 to 1894, inclusive.
Average
Year ending June 30— Barrels. | Values. Mere
barrel.
BLS epee state ede etait olin te tatatsteletele tmnt afeletotetetetstatatetstetatatslatnitatalstelatetatatetaiteiratatats 613 $2, 030 $3. 31
MAND sed asossedeacde Sao USEo pa uopobboSanUd ane aooa40 cocoRoooTrecabaooboodsec 193 839 4. 36
IIS S sasbononco aoe ados son0c nosendeaescecdbarsssossongestossEonsobeaés 14 152 11. 26
Usted oonot Soseesoeba codons ssosssoSSsoccossdsnosscepoodgnesapsasososadads 131 626 4.80
NEED ao soncaobdo poo asobacouS SO CODGoD Do Spe soca sasaanecoqosooUseDaoDoRaGds 524 4, 248 8. 12
NEWS saaneace Acasa oobenciomSoceODacueD Sab bouDDoeDaseeSOcoMboseonaneHosoE 342 3, 363 9. 86
TSO Tee mete ne cies ate ciomeitin ie cide eee incites stalanie = oe leie cea eee cine iene 51 237 4.69
TROD Pee rare claate cistetete neta a ce usin = aa nae Miele aeiee nice las semtanemeeriae 76 724 9.53
The Biot eb aoedsan dasccuEpaocesssacepoEsoa do tocbode aéneqadeonusespbanceode 20 158 7.73
LBD ar iclelel(elsie viele(sisin wivielvleieiole vie sielviwie(nivielviwieleleieleieis eivisio vivivislviv v/vielvivioivivicielele!= =" 20 112 5. 52
AUDA ae oad aagooddoosia6 Son Snob oSeoocoooNSboedSbguCcoosaoboneaoses 1, 984 ee) ee eecoecoc
Table 29 shows for the ten years ending June 30, 1894, the quantities
and values of dried cod and similar fish imported from and domestic
dried fish exported to each foreign country, the balance of trade with
each country, and the average value per 100 pounds of the imported
and of the exported fish.
It appears that during this period the imports from Europe amounted
to 4,172,214 pounds, and the exports to 1,950,312 pounds, the trade with
that continent amounting to 2 per cent of the total trade in this product.
The imports and exports to other North American States and colonies
amounted to 149,504,941 and 120,092,877 pounds, respectively, or nearly
86 per cent of the total trade. The trade with South America is exclu-
sively in exports, amounting to 33,961,845 pounds.
The exports of dried fish to Asia, Africa, and other ports amounted
to 6,595,049 pounds, and the imports therefrom were 16,881 pounds,
consisting principally of Chinese and Japanese dried fish.
Considering the average value, it appears that the imports from
Europe were the most valuable, averaging $5.01 per 100 pounds. The
imports from other American countries averaged $3.30 and those from
Asia and Oceanica $3.98, giving an average value for all imports of
$3.35 per 100 pounds. The exports were worth $4.53 per 100 pounds,
those to France, Asia and Oceanica, and Central America being the
most valuable. The large quantity exported to Haiti is worthy of note,
that island receiving considerably over 50 per cent of the total exports
of dried or smoked fish from the United States.
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES.
ATT
29. Statement of the balance of trade in dry-salted cod and similar fish between the United
States and each foreign country during the ten years ending June 30, 1894.
Countries.
Europe:
Azores, and Ma-
deira Islands
Portu zal
Spain
SS) bite and Nor-
WV coi scctanees'ceice
United Kingdom—
England
Scotland
Total Europe --
North America:
Canada—
Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick, etc.
Quebec, Ontario,
British Columbia
Newfoundland and
Labrador
boa a Langley,
Cecniand Teeland,
and Faroe Islands
Mexico
Central America—
Costa Rica
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
San Salvador
British Honduras
Bermudas
West Indies—
s = sewweeee
Santo Domingo --
Spanish—
Cuba
Puerto Rico...
Total North
America
South America:
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guiana:
British
Dutch
French
Peru
Verezuela
Total South
America.....
Average
Imports. Exports. Balance of trade. value per 100
pounds.
, \ 7 In- Ex-
Pounds. | Values. | Pounds. | Values.| Pounds. Values. ports. | ports.
So aecars. acetate |/ereiajatererecs 817, 968) $30, 060|— 817, 968/— $30, 060).......| $3.67
HOC DEE 5, 325 279|— 2; 325/— PAS) ae ces 5. 24
$26, 370 8, 350 542/+ 518, 445/4 25,828] $5.01] 6.49
1, 128 3, 658 166|/+- 18, 249)+- 962 5. 10 4.54
TAG | Bere teeters | stereos rele + 15, 124 + 746 WA eases
374 25, 750 1, 288/— 20, 382|— 914 6. 97 5. 01
Setees tee 1, 055, 576 33, 140|\— 1,055,576\— 33,140)....... 3.14
226 1, 520 78\+ 870+ 148 9, 46 5.13
BOOZ ABSIT LTONG5S aoc wcecee cin ete see + 3,552,488)\4+ 179, 953 5a Ol|eeecm st
36, 516 1, 727 32, 165 1, 683)+ 4,351/+ 44 4.73 5. 23
11, 026 (BY SecoosaTd eapoonccc +- 11, 026)+ 437 3 96lSssreee
4,172,214; 210,961) 1, 950, 312 67, 2386/4 2,221,902/4+ 148, 725 5. 01 3.45
1138, 944, 077)3, 669, 498 223, 520 5, 606|4-118, 720, 557)+-3, 663, 892 3. 22 2. 51
605, 263 17, 286 300, 369 17, 182}4- 304, 894) 4- 104 2.85 5. 72
18, 280 1, 041 212, 338 12, 275|— 99h 108/234 eee 5.78
Pee tel iB EHS) ees ooooacnd mocsaosno + 22,419, 258/-- 835,535) 3.29)......-
IG beste elish OL Sseceaud leceeccouss 4+ 11, 508, 258/+- 368, 561 BS AUloosodas
9, 500 2G | Seco se eee leiaine seraee +9, 500)+ 270 Ph ee ocices
seeoroccoed|ticbesoncs 337, 773 19, 945|— B3Teial—) LONOs ie eee- 5. 90
one eeinie| aerate slater 1, 946, 603) 112,378|\— 1,946, 603\— 112, 378|.-..... 5.17
SAC A SOnteS SB bocscee 297, 623 19, 207/— 297, 623;\—. 19) 207) 5.225: 6.45
pote me cee aa easier setae 187, 672 1), 886/— 187, 672|— 10, 886)....... 5. 80
etatatelatetaistais all ceeteteraisieiers 684, 379 39, 658|— 684, 379|— _39).658))...---- 5:79
Roe senete cial emia ee eloets 41, 980 2, 704/—- 41, 980|— AihOSSecmeer 6.44
SSA OO eS een eoeneone 1, 306, 704 59, 965\— 1, 306, 704\— 59, 965)... ..- - 4.59
Secocsoodsa|lbacosacss 56, 434 2, 493|— 56, 484|— 2: 493) sacwers 4,42
Wasidteleeouie's |syersicmeterele 6, 489, 880} 271,948)/— 6,489, 880/— 271, 948)....... 4.19
Ose aicewiceuellascese ace 709, 270 29, 121;— 709; 270i—._—s-—s«@9 121) ..--..- 4.10
Seen setae Se cates ete 818, 972 41, 374;— 818,972, 41,374/....... 5.05
688, 988 24,732) 1, 168, 045 50, 748|— 479,057,— 26,016) 3.59) 4.34
a raiatoaloee taints | noniateierets 84, 315, 736/83, 939, 699)— 84, 315, 736|/—3, 939, Boole eee 4. 67
SoCooos acc So q000hed 8, 039, 647) 353,013;,— 8, 039,647|,— 353, 013)....... 4.39
321, 367 23, 238) 12,527,558} 515, 839/— 12, 206,191/— 492, 601} 7.23) 4.12
Bsa mail aets | Seweiatansjerese 428, 374 18, 093|— 428, 374,— 18, 093)....--.. 4,22
149, 504, 941/4, 940, 161/120, 092, 877|5, 522, 1384/4 29,412, 064/— 581,973 3. 30 4.60
is SE eee | eee A 34,900] 1, 243|— 34,900, 1, 248/.......] 3.56
ete Saree sel ene eee 1, 047, 212 55,945|— (1047, 212; 55; 945). - <<< - 5. 34
etelo yao Nac Prerercintetalers 15, 962 875|— 15, 962|— S75 oo see 5. 48
pReeC posed Faces 10, 458, 011) 618, 111)— 10, 458, 011/— 618,111)....... 5.91
ee eter lcnreincee 21, 240 1, 152|— 21, 240|— D2 cere aise 5.42
Seo pecees Gone. Cad 818, 460 31, 204;— 818,460\— 31, 204|.-...-- 3.81
SESSA BEB ODG nO COOnae 11, 340, 852| 335, 356|— 11, 340, 852|—._ 335, 356). --- -- - 2.96
Spooctieseacicecescass Toloveill 2o4,10d|\——) Weolovaal|— 204. 10o|es-nnee 3. 21
BSpesacodG lasecoccos 14, 502 847|— 14, 502|/— OAT | oretararetate 5. 84
srosoocos ad |Sacedoste 2,895, 235) 140, 837|— 2,895; 235|— 140, 837|......- 4.86
ocr men does oe aeae 33, 961, alls 420, 273|— 33, 961, 845|—1, 420, 273].......| -4.18
—
478 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
29. Statement of the balance of trade in dry-salted cod and similar fish between the United
States and each foreign country during the ten years ending June 30, 1894—Continued.
ees a
Average
Imports. Exports. Balance of trade. value per 100
: pounds.
Countries. =
Pounds Fede Pounds. | Values Pounds Values Im- Ex-
; ae 4 a ; “~~ | ports. | ports.
Asia and Oceanica:
Chinaieee rns Pact beeniscicllss acisch ee 111, 198 $7,073) — 7 a1 98\— $7073 |beeeeee $6. 36
10, 090 $430: 392, 380 22,343) — 382,290 21,913) $4.26) 5.69
Dp Se 3, 798 123 51, 480 3,048) — 47, 682/— 2,925) 3. 24) 5.92
BritisheATstralasialsceseose tae |cee ss eee 2, 955, 850) 180,059} —2, 955, 850\— 180, 059)....... 6.09
IBTITSHPHAS LAU GIOS |e eieeeeatee eee els 39, 500) 2,548} — 39, 500;\— by Saseue 6. 45
HrenchiOceanicares |peasesaerae | peeeet eee 41, 860) 2,618} — 41, 860/— 25618 eee 6. 25
Hawaiian Islands .|.---.- loeehese seca 2,406, 769} 121,609} —2,406,769|— 121, 609]....... 5. 05
ee | ae ae be | werent
Total Asia and | |
Oceanica..... 13, 888 553) 5, 999, 037} 339,298} —5,985,149\— 338,745) 3.98 5. 65
Africa: ie
IBritishVAdrica as cise esoseceieces|ssensen oe 149, 224 5,029) — 149) 224|— 53029| S22 eee 3.37
Mren Che Atria ence eect as eee cere ec 7, 353 282) — 7, 353|— 282 Ieee 3. 83
MIDORI ele eee nee |e ae = Saas oral eine eistee 365, 169 12,377) — (365;169|— 9 eB eiieeeeeee 3.39
SpanishvAtricay ss. |sssee esas sneer ene 7, 210 291; — 7, 210|— 29] sete 4.04
MotalvAiri cater |Pescewousece lnseceer 528, 956 17,979; — 528,956\— 17, 979|. foe 3.40
All other islands and (S34 i ; i x 0
TWOHUS obArdodasoebed 2, 993 116 67, 056 3, 918) — 64, 063)/— 3, 802 3.88 5.84
Grand total... .|153, 694, 036 5, 151, 791 162, 600, 083 7, 370, 838| —8, 906, 047\—2, 219,047; 3.35, 4.53
Nore.—In balance of trade, + indicates excess of imports over exports, and — indicates excess of
exports over imports.
Imports of dried cod by countries—Sinece the terminination of the
Washington treaty, the imports of dried cod, haddock, and other ground
fish have ranged from 10,500,000 to 15,000,000 pounds annually, but
a large part of these imports is entered for the purpose of transship-
ment in bond to other countries, leaving, as already noted, only from
5,500,000 to 11,000,000 pounds as the quantity of foreign-cured cod,
etc., entered for consumption in this country. During the operation
of the Washington treaty the imports for consumption averaged about
30,000,000 pounds annually.
Nearly all of these fish are received from Nova Scotia, New Bruns-
wick, and Newfoundland. Some come from Sweden and Norway, and
from Miquelon and other French settlements on the south coast of New-
foundland. Shipments are also received nearly every year from other
countries, as France, Germany, England, etc., but the imports from
those countries are small.
Table 30 shows the quantities and values of dried or cured cod and
other ground fish, imported into the United States from the various
countries during a series of ten years ending June 30, 1894, the total
quantities and values imported for consumption, and the amount of
duties paid thereon. The total quantity entered during these ten
years was 153,694,036 pounds, valued at $5,151,791. Of this quantity,
however, 47,316,073 pounds were exported, leaving 106,377,963 pounds,
worth $3,352,739, as the quantity of foreign dried or cured fish entered
for consumption in this country, the duty on which amounted to $429,812,
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES.
479
30. Statement by countries of the imports of dry-salied cod and similar fish during each
of the ten years ending June 50, 1894.
1886.
7.
1885. 18 1888.
Countries from which Waal 3 pe
imported. Pounds. |Values.} Pounds. |Values.| Pounds. | Values.! Pounds. | Values.
Europe:
(SERINE? Gooooanecooscone||aace000604 Socnesedicsrladses goods ocr 200 PS ae ae oobod Konddé onc
MUP Weescosdodedsacooeaseel|soodoscnbollgcpnomee 870 SOL Set see ee er Macmeaine 2, 100) $73
IWGUTE HENGE) Soosesetoooeel|oboscachod|lsuocnsed|ls Soopopocdlasacssou 110 dite KEES Beeoer
Sie cog oe eo Seba scone s0Db4 Seoee Sebo aeecesee SCOoO06 Doo So oodeoo| Sooeeeoo non aneneooc 700 95
Sweden and Norway...-.|------.--.|---..--. 104, 732} 7,082) 248,690} 10,949} 465,419 19, 841
United Kingdom—
England ....-..-.---.--|----------|]---.---- 9, 381 677 10, 064 171 173 7
UNCER DTN) Scobacen soeSe boro loaeeocdr . 114, 983 7, 820 259, 064) 11,168 468,392 20,016
North America: ] F aay
Canada—
Nova Scotia, New |
Brunswick,ete....--. 29, 386, 186, $828, 110 11, 717, 524) 263, 036) 9,476,948 231, 593,11, 541,168 383, 829
Quebec, Ontario, ete. - -- 50,920| 2,527, 8, 610 321 339, 669 5, 586 63, 142 1, 748
Newfoundland and Lab- |
TAC OL ee mete ies ce 2, 962, 472) 119, 101) 1,772, 248) 70,490| 2,194,658) 77,584) 2,142,280) 69, 936
Miquelon, Langley, etc...|.--.--.---'.-....-- 207,938) 8, 082) 2,187,989) 70,036) 823,855, 31,453
West Indies— e
MMR Gspdcoddsqonecebn|Sdoobaclbnldcodsdas 473,324) 16,576 215, 664 8) 51.56] Se SSEe ie atet | siete
Spanish—Cuba ......../----------]---.---- 28, 507 2, 445 40, 268 3, 002 10, 394 TAT
Total North America 32, 399, 578 944, 738 14, 208, 151) 360, 950/14, 455, 196) 395, 957 14, 580, 839) 487, 713
Asia: a i" Tar Pa care
SONAR Roe gdennc 3sc5cq||sscsodacae lsooouane 212 Ib) Bearcsosnd|beossecd |o=s5000605)|+oonsc0er
Allotherislandsand ports..|.---.-----|---.---- 734 31 115 BB Ser ape codllsaaoocce
Grand total .......--. 32, 399, 578 944, 738 14, 324, 080) 368, 820/14, 714, 375| 407, 130 15, 049, 231| 507, 729
Total entered for consump- ; ae rie Bin ie
HONE Goes nce siseeeccersls . /32, 326, 686] 943, 116/10, 998, 072) 286, 505) 8, 997, 750) 264, 260/10, 446, 892) 316, 259
JATIN CUCU, copsooossed|booobecead |seccocubsou0us5ees Ha 990 eee eee Ad°989 See eee cece 52, 235
1889 1890 | 1891 ] 1892
Countries from which : y eas : a
imported. Pounds. | Values.| Pounds. | Values. Pounds. |Values.| Pounds. | Values.
Europe:
IMTANCe see eee aeiatl- = 1, 702 (iy | ERR ES scrineooe
(Grn Ih” cocopocdobececas 600 32 3 $1
Ups cecgosonssoseeh 6, 025 312 2,738 119
Netherlands 2, 000 100 1,410 107
SHE Moeedadccessscepeoass 5 750 30 40 6
Sweden and Norway..... 474,592) 23, 982 108, 759 5, 552 334, 837) 19, 683 387, 033| 238, 487
United Kingdom—
IDA EMNVG Sone aocdcpocc 8, 560 419 1, 600 97) 2, 800 134 738 49
Scotland cwesrtecc acces 7, 216 Q59|s cre cele sfisie nesses lmewcnaactess|acene cers 1, 000 36
Total Europe ........ 492, 668} 24, 882 110, 798 5, 665, 348, 714] 20,358) 392,962) 23,805
North America: - ae
Canada— :
Nova Scotia, New |
Brunswick, etc.-.---- 9, 290, 614) 327,013) 8, 638, 337) 290,115) 9,189,943, 376, 963) 7, 500, 390) 316, 531
Quebec, Ontario, etes==- 24, 839 1, 196 1, 344 34 43,191) 2,328 64, 418 3, 203
British Columbia ....-. 7,815 716 3, 300 213 200, 12 800 43
Newfoundland and Lab-
TAC OLE see eae ee oe 2, 926, 763 2,364] 2,249, 082} 76,710) 3,021,220 108, 416) 2,378, 891) 100, 322
Miquelon, Langley, ete...) 1,155,342) 28,717) 1,741,451) 36,471 BOG 2am elOvAs Osea alerts | etseerstels
Greenland, Iceland and
Maroeel sland Seer secre |(eeemme ae eee 6, 000 180 3, 500 QO Sass qisteickalsteetemice
West Indies—
(CNS Saqnsceospesssodes joopsCoosuc bodedacd assHsconed eodonesc 48, 529 3, 501 70, 607) 5, 537
Total North America 13, 405, 373) 450, 006 12, 639, 514) 403, 723/12, 633, 305 506, 755/10, 015, 106, 425, 636
Asia: bat |
Hongkong. 2-2 - 22. -----=|-- ee ecnee fen nen een [enna an nm |a = amino minige enme|mninia aime 2, 000) 126
Grand total.......... 13, 898, 041| 474, $88 12, 750, 312) 409, 388/12, 982, 019. 527, 113/10, 410, 068) 449, 567
Total entered for consump- nT sii '
OM sa ye se elena Soe imoeeia 9, 752, 941! 317, 687) 8, 303, 585) 247, 327| 6, 845,576 254, 074| 5, 804, 548) 229, 255
Jeon @eG hihi boosts sod |sodeesoorse 48 \(Gblaseascs ene AL SES tase ttaee 47,016|22 seater. 43, 534
A480 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
30. Statement by countries of the imports of dry-salted cod and similar fish during each
of the ten years ending June 30, 1894—Continuod.
= : .
1893. 1894. Total.
Countries from which imported. Zi =< T
Pounds. | Values. | Pounds. | Values. | Pounds. | Values.
Europe:
FATANCO ses ssdasaasiccatsnccceas-- 110, 488 $5, 898 414,655 | $20, 405 526, 795 $26, 370
~Germany -..---.- LiaGinisisinvaiaieisie ee 450 11 20, 654 1, 040 21, 907 1, 128
Uitialliyse Saintes mores ciaicteeelosenatsicleretaie 1,591 75 1, 561 63 15, 724 746
Netherland Sm epeeee ene se semee cae 848 680] Soom ceecs 5, 368 374
IDEM So odsnaseeseonecondonoSoas|Snosecbe0Sgo|oo0 S505 050 )Ss06s555obce 2, 390 226
Sweden and Norway--.-...-..--- 1, 026, 002 49, 361 402, 424 20,016 | 3, 552, 488 179, 953
United Kingdom—
England .--. sussscobossas|foossasssosdcllossooseass 3, 200 | 173 36, 516 1,727
SG@ulgnG |. SSSGoendaqesacseants 1, 810 93 1, 000 49 11, 026 437
MotalHunoperceecceeeeeeee 1, 141, 139 55, 501 843, 494 41,746 | 4,172, 214 210, 961
North America: on j
Canada— :
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick,
ObOsacaccae soe ciasecisiss nalsciee 9, 048,423 | 358,053 | 8,154,544 | 299, 255 |113, 944,077 | 3, 669, 498
Quebec, Ontario, etc.......--- 1, 050 50 8, 080 293 605, 263 17, 286
British Columbia ...-...-.---- 600 30 515 27 13, 230 1, 041
Newfoundland and Labrador...| 1,555, 250 67,848 | 1,216,394 52, 764 | 22, 419, 258 835, 585
Miquelon, Langley, etc.......-- 1, 954, 590 67,421 | 3,105,371 | 110,936 | 11, 503, 258 368, 561
Greenland, Iceland, and Faroe
MSL amn d's 3 poe cks byewis smicisistcteleiste of ieee ices ioe ll see ie eleteietel seme eciaierl ewe meeretete 9, 500 270
West Indies—
RRO ea ee Oe See a an osa| Serra bReeeacnl Ba sonSetb a Oocoorcoocecllsecasbaso 688, 988 24, 732
Spanish — Cmp acres eeesase 56, 547 4, 100 66, 515 3, 906 321, 367 23, 238
Total North America....... 12, 616, 460 | 497,502 | 12,551,419 | 467,181 |149, 504, 941 | 4, 940, 161
Asia: ae wy
On KON ae atest stesie eee eemeiss 495 36 7, 883 249 10, 090 430
VaApaNaan ss oaneceeeicc seeccooces: 2, 025 73 ie 50 3, 798 123
MotalwAisia: pace. sscemccisceee 2, 520 109 9, 156 299 13, 888 553
All other islands and ports......- 20 i 2, 124 79 2, 993 116
Grand stotaleacr-ceseace- ser 13, 760, 139 | 553,113 | 138,406,193 | 509, 305 153, 694, 036 5, 151, 791
Total entered for consumption. - . . 7, 433,163 | 291,531 | 5,468,750 | 202, 725 |106, 377, 963 | 3, 352, 739
PATIO UN GOL ONE LY pest cieisletee eet ieee eeceeie renin BD A9G See selicmenne AVON GH Eeetermvereemistere 429, 812
Haports of cod by countries.—Exports of dried codfish are made prinei-
pally to Haiti, Cuba, Colombia, Dutch Guiana, Santo Domingo, and other
South and Central American States and the West Indian Islands. Of
the 162,660,083 pounds exported during the last ten years, Haiti received
$4,315,736 pounds, or 52 per cent. All the American States and colo-
nies combined received 153,984,722 pounds, or 95 per cent; Asia and
Oceanica received 5,999,037 pounds, or 3 per cent; Europe, 1,950,312
pounds, or 1 per cent; the remaining 596,012 pounds going to African
and other ports. The exports of cod to European countries appear
very small when compared with the large imports into those countries.
In 1893 France imported 94,218,948 pounds of codfish, worth $4,949,037.
During the same year Portugal imported 43,126,385 pounds, worth
$1,789,560, and Spain 97,811,488 pounds, worth $4,795,278. The imports
into other Kuropean countries doubtless equaled one-half those into
France, Portugal, and Spain, making an aggregate of 350,000,000
pounds, valued at $17,000,000, of which the United States furnished
only 48,350 pounds, or about 7; of 1 per cent.
Table 31 shows the quantity and value of domestic dried or cured
codfish, ete., exported to each foreign country during each of the ten
years ending June 30, 1894:
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF
THE
UNITED
STATES.
481
31. Statement by countries of the domestic exports of dry-salted cod and other ground fish
during each of the ten years ending June 50, 1894,
Countries to which tos ees Lee: . iat g ie : eae:
exported. Pounds. lValues. Pounds. |Values.| Pounds. | Values.| Pounds. | Values.
Europe:
PAC7OTOS a (= walelele(alele aieikiataletelte 78, 378) $2,584 214,957; $6,718) 151,259) $4, 202 21, 980 $855
ID soe So s5eacnecas bs sacd9cces| bono soq||Csconscosdlbessdose 1, 800 90 2, 400 144
Mnglandta.:25<.sseencess 5, 120 256 148 IES esete Seobaeisd boopobesck laosuos=-
INFN -gooca mone -egeocl Kin sooneod lbccosood s- scuboued bctpcecsd 8, 000 520 350) 22
Germany, saseerie-n ieee 621 44 87 5 200 My eoaeadsoadligonsagcc
INetherlands\-oaeeecer eee 25, 750 TABS |e sscstatete eiasell pate ropereiell slate tevetetejeratel| ors alels a /a| cielaroversicrere all ae aeetoee
Porto cate cee so -eeee ea 1, 055, 356) 33, 125 12 il 36 5 60 3
SDAIN eercierienicictemiemete| cseer arise plewiiclerrs 20 B | Bee eps aerator | Sfatoiniv sie, al ass ezisiere vee oiacctetersee
Total Europe......-.. 1, 165, 225) 37,297) 215,224) 6,737) 161,295) 4,832 24,790) 1,024
North America:
Canada—
Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick, ete ..-...-. P2TOS900 | eae oe alee were Serer eae iass | nae eteretelteral| acters oles 2, 350 116
Quebec, Ontario, etc... 34, 042 1, 880, 18, 606 1, 209 6, 955 425 5, 100 307
British Columbia ...--- 41, 545 1, 8383 38, 501 2,214 34, 110 1, 865 14, 312 904
Mexico sien -je cee cislss seis 27,358) 1,447 48,141} 2,765 19,140} 1,356) 24,977} 1,702
Central America—
@ostauRicass ose ete 85, 248) 4, 858 86,728} 5,419) 119,653) 7,100) 144,562) 8 021
Guatemala: ..---------- 14, 855 865) 15, 808 962 15, 867} 1, 025) 19,416} 1,252
Honduras==ceo~csi---- = 8, 915 520 9, 315 520 19, 717 1, 046 26, 523 1,593
Witaragua-o-.-..-..-- 21, 790 1, 264 22, 883 1, 279 48, 647 2,408 49, 772 2,740
San\Salivador...---..--. 990 60 880 ays) 1, 180 72 1, 750 104
British Honduras.....- 200, 665 7, 342 154, 561 5, 331 151, 702 5, 138 136, 488 5,911
West Indies—
iain GoeSaagosoedodeo 1, 488, 958} 51, 985 693,618 25,010 433,577) 13, 610 580, 468) 27, 460
IANNIS Wiy=h seis oes /sersctai= 110,605) 4, 1385 84,976) 3,187) 147,918) 5,126) 126,348) 5,125
1D Wii Wan cnccce ocean 72,692) 3,186 69,480) 2,932 91,333] 3,376 87,350! 4,540
iiiren Chips sapacccnicices cee 132,452) 5,283) 274,245) 9,106 60,197} 1,716} 112,416) 4,882
TRIGHT aso oesoe cee eee 6, 506, 931| 250, 416) 6, 591, 186) 241, 899} 7, 465, 058) 240, 391) 8, 986,578) 422, 839
Santo peminge Reeser 704, 813} 30,440} 959,686) 33,847) 891,669} 29,203) 680,572) 30, 438
Spanish—
Taba Bese \cmise Casale 1, 813, 571} 78,197] 1,359,449) 48, 938) 2,042,434) 61,541) 1,079,373) 40, 836
IPnertowRICOs. «sees 213, 333 8, 003 10, 076, 430 11, 350 384 45, 534 2,156
Total North America 11, 639, 663) 451, 908/10, 438, 184 385, 103 11, 560, 507| 375, 782/12, 1238, 839| 560, 926
South America:
Argentina .....-......... 100 fi Bocepsaese Oocenoee 10, 000 BUY Baeacenoas locecceac
IBVaZils tis cues secre = oe 21, 480 775 17, 785 913 120, 450 5, 040 405, 855) 22, 549
Chiles fos. cses- se sis.0c10 1, 000 39 1, 000 48 362 26 50
Colombia jo22- scaseeccs ec 1, 547, 328! 97,601) 1, 670, 638) 101,386) 1,953, 465) 107, 596) 1, 803, 520) 100, 794
INE = Saeetiodonosode bol loooeconcod boccsoa4 Gocbs0ccdn) pandooode 7, 765 425 1, 250 85
Guianas—
British 181, 903 6, 187 62, 072 2, 119 123, 542 3, 681 23, 000 800
Dutch 1, 672, 895} 53, 387] 1,543,287] 42, 684) 1,289,106) 29, 220) 1, 220, 278) 34,571
French 869, 620| 27, 459 878,518) 25, 413 909, 912} 21, 692 982,912), 29, 221
latin S555 seneese 8, 650 AY sascaqnsecliseccoccc 2, 057 124 1, 750 99
Venezuela 245,989) 10, 646 343,411) 13, 545 290, 598] 12, 241 282, 833} 14, 502
Total South America.) 4, 548, 965) 196, 607) 4,516, 711) 186,108) 4, 707, 257) 180, 345] 4,721,448) 202, 624
Asia and Oceanica:
@hinaseresesececos eee Breyer 9, 430 525 9, 343 573 4, 840 257 5, 385 300
On KON Pse cet isesitotoa 63, 730 3, 180 49, 000 2, 641 22, 650 1, 186 29,930; 1,639
iapanksieee ee ocaeeeene: 10, 540 600 5, 710 312 6, 100 339 6, 960) 384
British Australasia.....- 517, 740| 25, 456 145, 400 7, 546 172, 750) 10,917 561, 366) 36, 609
IBIMbIShy Has ben GOs seeetes | em rinietesiat || sleteten satel emirate leita | -tmtniatm aa 600 28 9, 600 615
Hawaiian Islands .-......-. 153,580} 6,719) 225,526] 11,382} 252,650) 11,736) 242,970) 12, 283
Total Asia and Oce-
PITIeth Ss oS stocadéase 755,020) 36, 480 434,979) 22, 454 459,590) 24,413 856, 211) 51, 830
Africa:
British Africa ..........- 14,514 480 2, 350 74 1, 125 37 1, 925 q7
Wrench Atrical~.-.2----|ewce eee = -|emlenienee 50 Ai saci oot wal isc ccs: | seeees ces |Seeaee
DELIA ee ee ate eee «je1s'- 46,060) 1,640 BETH) Wakabal 43,110} 1, 107) 83,984) 2,550
Spanish Africa. 22 2.22--|------..--|-=------ 5, 560 PBB soRosopse bonesose panscaonsa|becinctec
RotaleAtriCa a. qm06 «= 60, 574 2, 120 41, 737 1, 432) 44, 235 16 144) 85, 909 2, 627
Allother islands and ports. 9, 540 496 17,410, 1,100 10, 864 566 8, 686 528
Grand. total2-_----..- 118, 178, 987) 724, le 664, 195; 602, 984 16, 943, 748) 587, 082 17, 820, aa 819, 559
|
F. RB. 94——3
-
482 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
31. Statement by countries of the domestic exports of dry-salted cod and other ground fish
during each of the ten years ending June 50, 1594—Continued.
: 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.
Countries to which rs es
exported. Pounds. | Values.) Pounds. | Values.; Pounds. | Values.| Pounds. | Values.
Europe:
AZOTCS a scheore|Hosomeseoase 7, 210 291
TobalvAtrica: -sacoMsaDESsoneon 1.58 @olomibiaeec esse aoe = erie eect 1.10
SiGe meee se isiaateleterelerelmteleteletetaterefeter= Free. PCURGOL 6 i sas sls ee aise ees aejseminciete -44
North America: MR OLUs scm esicle ois ibe cioelejeteicice Seteleree -22
(GPRD acscesdeccogposcadbonnseconasés . 50 WOnGrarley osséécooeconacséensoscoogs. 2.19
New Loundland sane eecscceeriee eee eee 1. 34 || Africa:
WEED SaccbsosassobancsosopsaossoSsse 2. 87 IHL eet peasenagesccao bobocodeSsecsonoas 1.00
Central America— IN GeetHN) Ss5ocosccadsoopecesaaneSacs dat
British Honduras... -------.-.. ~~ Free. || Asia and Oceanica:
Costaplhicaseere esse waeecicsmiserteeiersi=/ le 54 (Ob 53505 soe son Se ocCoabadodonSobesC silit
Galatea aeseec selec iaeeisteleneleeteraaia ree. 5 p. ct
lelapsilwbee|- Coco ooas sues deuoeSasoe0n0" 93 UE SSeS SEC SE PDEICO >= ; aa val
INT CAL AGU Biss elssisieee sHoricmeccce ese 2. 33 ING ww; SOUtH Wiales) sconcnabes 581 | Ujeh Oy bancocaeec 13. 57
IBTitis hsblondmrasssecsececctewe teas as casseees Seeieeeeeere 651 WL G4e |e cs cemeie 11. 00
ESM o qa aaa lo Stode ORE oooonese asl ldacncuocoallsssssocnace 42 600))| soseeeeeee 14. 29
West Indies—
Britis hoes cass ase se aa ae soe eee ee 11, 670 T2167, | semtecastece 6.18
WManishsaeeesansssacecns sassccs 452 Pai asl hy fl eee oe Dub
J ORC ae yee ee Seen a \ neers nae ere 928 9:333)\|coscmeeee 10. 06
irenchissy “2.20: Shee tense 4,234 | 23,587 |.-.-..---- BN5T,
Tabi aia eres oicls miaa aie sic iereiosncratelarcions 42, 906 296. 748))|s.caiceecee 6. 92
Santo Domingo 7, 918 585944 le eeeeeeiee 7.44
Spanish—
ONO tee See EAS USS COME CH SEs EB ee dead ortssorscesnet 1, 410 | 2184.9 Bil Sates ernest 9.11
IPUMSLCONRICO bone siecle eae oe ee sale nececios |pneeeiss seer 2, 191 15/8833) oaceersee eee
MotalsNorthy America a. eacse sees 592, 306 | 5, 582,173 74, 762 520, 771 9. 42 6.97
South America:
PAST: CNN GIN eee ale arate e eesti alateletate Bisco lots ciciaiataiera| ste ctereletaete 20 44h | eee eae 7.20
BTA ae aces siciaie coal cine icleieaie ioe aes all ote leeyeseio| eactereeroke stares 36 Ce EAR oaee 13. 28
Chiles sae seas ae emt maine oats Sansa | eriengartarnal sisters see 12 38) leeteerece 11.50
Colompbiateasa ccs cceceee cee acne se eettaseenil| seterlece este 8, 915 4, 22s ate erat 10. 56
Lone SG) Ses emmsec GAcR posto aaere bene Coabeouerélssqaerdctac TQ \acinseoses Losin
Guianas—
SnitiShyoe cee she one ero nes mais eee eseine Ostee Seema cere 1, 388 ei Res 5.52
DmtChyosos ne biesstee suet cuescoe||Coseeeeere eemecec sens 348 DADA: Vil I et Pe 6. 40
PHONO ee eae oe octet aes Lee he eens et eemek tel Eocene 816 DOGO creierereret 6.94
POT tate echo Sos Socio mee ote ree aoe ons Siemeeaeloe | aires eee 15 133) ncezcescee 8. 87
DVieneZ Wel a tees sc a cecemerice G cleicc.cten aioe cememtcnicn | beemnoceece 501 4081 MN cecoeeeee 9. 84
MotalysouthvAm ericace-coenesecice eee eee el aenee tence IDCs) I" GUGSEY IS Ach aosace- 9. 59
Asia and Oceanica: |
British eAustralasiasecececesec cee eee lease een eae lEeeeeee eee 264 2 BAGH ee eerie 9. 64
Africa:
‘BritiGhy Ms. shee es ek ote nel eh eee 71 406 210 1, 741 5. 72 8. 29
TON Cees asses see ce teen seach ee Semen ond lecemee eee 3 Gf GSseeoeobe| 5. 67
Spanish. hisccsa\ Ass sa soe alae Se SES 2 Send secre eoeeetee 5 AQR|Eiapeictatniain'='= 8. 00
DADOLIG si, 5 2 Sasiavae ss clniow cee Se see ial cise cee ce Seeee Reese 1, 340 Ci SIOR eee tic ce. 6. 58
Motal -Avrieg-22cccooecincseeceaes val 406 1, 558 10, 617 5. 72 6. 81
PAT OUR OT soe 2 keris cece cet ee eee eee |e 2 ech ae ae 15 U2)" See aera 7.47
Granditotaleeee eee eee ee 794,246 | 8,247,107 | °89,528 | 656,812 10.38 7.34
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES. 487
Imports of mackerel, by countries.—Prior to 1888 almost the entire
supply of brine-salted mackerel imported into the United States was
received from Nova Scotia, but the recent decrease of this fish on the
American coasts has resulted in large importations from Norway,
England, Ireland, and, to a less extent, from other European coun-
tries. Of the imports during the last ten years, 586,761 barrels, worth
$5,531,689, came from Nova Scotiaand New Brunswick; 141,290 barrels,
worth $1,701,515, came from England, Scotland, and Ireland; and 55,296
barrels, worth $906,650, from Sweden and Norway.
In 1890, 1891, 1892, and 1893 the receipts from France were compara-
tively large, aggregating 4,826 barrels, but the quantity received from
that country during the remaining six of the last ten years was but 3
barrels.
Table 35 shows, for each of the ten years ending June 30, 1894, the
quantity and value of salted mackerel imported from the various foreign
countries, the imports for consumption, and the amount of duties paid
thereon. Of the 794,246 barrels imported during that period, about 51
per cent came from the British North American Provinces, nearly 18 per
cent from the British Isles, 7 per cent from Sweden and Norway, and
less than 1 per cent from #rance. During these years, however, 54,710
barrels of foreign mackerel were exported, leaving 739,536 barrels,
valued at $7,898,911, as the quantity of foreign mackerel imported for
consumption. The duties paid on these imports amounted to $1,294,775.
35. Statement of the brine-salted mackerel imported into the United States during the ten
years ending June 30, 1894.
1885. 1886. 1887. 1888.
Countries from which
7 = a3 aT a |
imported. Barrels.| Values. Barrels| Values. |Barrels.| Values. Barrels, Values.
a. | |
Europe:
Sweden and! Norway. --GopoRed eaaanssc
United Kingdom—
nic land essere se sacar 10, 429 | 128, 147 6,744 | 84, 864
Scotlands. o-ta. sec ceneete s 730 |>33, 960 | 431, 014 546 6, 251
16g) bhi be eossep erode pecToee BoE ceace boooset as | 1, 079 9, 536
Total Europe..---.-..-- 11,117 | 129, 625 | 27,584 | 369,069 | 46,514 | 622,037 | 22,444 | 303, 108
North America: ai ae f
Nova Scotia, New Bruns-
WICK GUC oa ete ca acess Ae 30, 780 | 437, 279 | 42,838 | 641,369 | 71,585 | 788,572 | 69,334 | 579,973
Quebee, Ontario, etc...-...--.- 410 UBER eeatece sacosode 195 2, 860 28 380
Newfoundland and Labrador 87 960 15 PBF | Socacanel baesncaase 2 12
Total North America. --.| 31,277 445, 614 42,853 | 641,601 | 71,780 | 791,482 | 69,364 | 580, 365
Africa: Ave i B lan ;
British Adri Cair= ses = lice se eee | ore te eicisia | eins siawieieis acim seicia| wimeisie ieee wal A06 || 22sec eee
Grand/total:2.5..<24--22 42, 394 | 575, 239 | 70, 437 |1, 010, 670 (118, 365 |1, 413, 875 | 91, 808 | 883, 473
Totalentered for consumption.| 42, 394 “574, 722 | 71, 038 |1, 011, 921 |113, 276 |1, 356, 113 | 88, 209 | 863,191
FAMOUMb OLA Mi Yae sees = ele eae atl ietetntslelel S454 88 east T4425 07D. |oste cyte: sie AG OOM protatelsictete 176, 419
1893. 1894. Total.
Countries from which imported. |
Barrels. Values. | Barrels. Values. | Barrels. Values.
Europe:
PP STIMAT Kicrelatale(s a(alclaia/alaraiaiatets ainsi cic cteasielaic | = meialoe ats ee ee) | Sete saeteins | seemerecoere $16
TAN CO Ys aniancs canes cee neccsice 1, 245 $14, 282 3 $24 4, 829 51, 585
CORON) sosooosconsonSsocaseces|boonscadas|lbconon popRed|lesoonaocad|sscnccocecee 2 21
Mtabyaoss ete sais tosee cos eseeac 3 25 19 192 47 648
Netherlands, .-....5<2ss2.0<5/ 6 264 2, 283 2 19 331 3, 351
LEO EDIE 5 co osancaacbonesonaonadlcococsoqad|esdoddesoncoljacostao scdlacossscncded 13 125
IRPISSIAL Epon ete se ceieese Nees scael|tecetesece| ses corer seme lsicece crite oeme a sackets 1 11
Sweden and Norway..-....----- 11, 188 212, 566 16, 777 280, 381 55, 296 906, 650
ANTE KCh ES Bae ta oeR cS SCScrSeesocoo laceeneenod aoorecodeccd naaeceaacd ecosnooances 5! 606
United Kingdom—
England 12, 520 148, 525 27, 078 323, 954 N
Scotland 984 11, 091 3,975 38,345 |$ 141,290 | 1,701,515
Mpelands Sascescccsseecciscesn Menlo, 81, 282 11, 001 111, 201 §
RotaleHuropeceeseecesce near 33, 289 470, 054 58, 855 754, 116 201, 869 2, 664, 528
North America: ag
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick,
CLG Rarer ne eee seen eee 52, 610 494, 643 39, 528 378,472 | 586,761 5, 531, 689
Quebec, Ontario, etc ..-..--...-. 98 1, 035 91 888 4, 819 44, 300
Newfoundland and Labrador. .-.. 239 1, 620 4 33 726 6, 184
Total North America.....-- 52, 947 497, 298 39, 423 379, 393 592, 306 5, 582, 173
Africa: ai ie yen en a
IBTitiSH ATTICA. osiz2-c0jc 0c meses leas seem als | (le Sas ince calle saeco oer| Seneeeeeeeee 71 406
Grand total o.<\<-isisccaniamnsionts 86, 236 967, 352 98, 278 1,133,509 | 794, 246 8, 247, 107
Total entered for consumption....| 84, 217 960, 588 94, 836 ~ 1,095, 702 | 739,536 7, 898, 911
ATO TA FG! Cheb yoodeooogoEcriaotmoo||acodoucoee NGS 434 ee esenee HE HP sascosscao 1, 294, 775
Exports of mackerel, by countries—Comparatively few choice mack-
erel are exported from this country, and the export trade is practically
confined to the West Indies.
Of the 89,528 barrels exported during
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES. 489
the last ten years, the West Indies received 71,709 barrels, Colombia
8,915, the Guianas 2,552, and Liberia 1,340, leaving 5,012 barrels as the
quantity shipped to all the remaining countries. In 1893 over 99 per
cent, and in 1894 about 90 per cent of the exports of domestic mackerel
went to the West Indies. From 1880 to 1886, when mackerel were
abundant on the United States coasts, quantities were exported to
European countries, but this has not been done during recent years.
36. Statement by countriesof the domestic exports of brine-salted mackerel during the ten
years ending June 80, 1894.
1885. 1886. 1887. 1888.
Countries to which exported. |—
Barrels. | Values.| Barrels. | Values. | Barrels. | Values. | Barrels. | Values.
Europe:
AZOYreS......
England
MUTA CO naan niae sr ceeaci=
Germany
IEPA ys ooskoSpsoosedoscospsone
Portugal
MotaleHarope=- << ===. =-- 577 | 4,923 190 | 1,243 74 643 15 150
North America:
Canada— ; 4
Nova Scotia, New Bruns-
Wi CK OLG sHaen anise ee ase OSTA LNOSON |S sats etepe al a releiereie | = erate ovehcre| are erets 58 406
QuebeciOntario, eves 2.5 +22-|essos4=-|aseese os 68 389 5 445 Perea Shs ee ee
British Columbia-.--...-...-. 3 24 i 86 1 ne Be oeteed eer
IG XICOmsaryee aatestaye trate cinienisteie's 9 84 4 26 3 36 5 59
Central America—
COstarRicaseceen-ceceseenas. 26 257 24 203 24 255 36 527
Guatemalas) S55 2225s en oe 6 BH lanecacocd beaaccer 3 25 1 19
Hondurasesssse seer serene 13 107 17 174 10 112 31 308
IND Cara PUB eee io eincinceeeee 70 676 33 272 63 728 51 635
British Honduras. .......-. VON 1223) 136 989 74 659 51 636
West Indies—
British 5,142 | 24, 823 1,556 | 10, 435 272 2, 646
Danish ... 159 652 177 997 47 385
Dutch 215 1, 300 211 | 1,920 100 1, 387
French 1, 657 8, 246 412 2, 207 188 1, 454
a Giese cne ee area 12, 851 | 57, 410 8,646 | 51, 207 3,919 | 37,566
Santo Domingo -.....-.-.--- 1, 512 7, 698 2,838 | 13,942 1, 269 9, 396 525 5, 186
Spanish—
Cubase a se Ween ee 273 | 1,661 359 | 2, 032 Lia) a 018 64 631
verte nicoses eee eee 576 2, 570 613 2, 994 369 2, 008 8 100
Total North America....| 20,426 |105,101 | 24,123 /113, 538 | 12, 980 | 81, 059 5, 356 | 51, 945
South America:
PAT SONU se raiaiela(ain'a\=iatelelseie a= 15 GW Gncés58cc|bosesosdlecassssa4|bocicodesaenasee-llbsocosce
BTA Zee cose eee eee 2 Ui loGodasood oonspas 3 31 7 68
Ghilekecs esse peep eine ot RMN INES CTE ALS 4 41 4 35
Wolonibia so... oe 1,698 | 20,666 | 2,757 | 21,805 | 2,006| 19,594 | 1,331 | 15,373
Guianas—
Bibislin 2 eee ee 478 | 1,787 | 381 | 1,504 162 904 52 211
French ....-.--.-.. d 253 | 1,264 280 | 1,568 154 | 1,130 42 429
Dutahe vat Mee een oes 210 | 1,160 106 yi (Soler iaesk el | I a 5 60
182) g) PSA ABE eae Ae ae 13 15 3 Pe ee 9 Eee tee 1 ge ee ee eee
Menasncla noe ee 211 | 1,142 42 285 53 481 50 650
Total South America...) 2,880 | 26,212 | 3,566 | 25,733 | 2,383 | 22,193! 1,491 | 16,826
Asia and Oceanica: ;
British Australasia.......... 30 300 134 SOBs | Saancisead| se swewer 73 1, 000
Africa: | Pa al
British Africa ............--- 101 569 20 87 10 60 60 745
ren CH PATTICA =<.) =c.c ce ecre lpgcoastodbcotasas 3 Ulf Sasondeos lqoonodaa lsdnososec||sSocesac
Titheria cie~ so occa c- Sais 494 | 2,532 457 | 2,349 312 | 3, 002 40 471
SpanisheAtrica o2.ccscm
TRE lSsnyeeopasbesdcmeaubeocooTel booncsasdeSssnocelsonosdocrloccossadloponcecas japasacos 1 18
AVENOZUCIA snc cae selec estes 27 434 36 633 | 38 643 18 277
Total South America... . 675 | 10, 157 175 2, 924 359 5, 029. 288 3, 282
Asia and Oceanica: |
IBribisheAtisbralastiesoes stele | eee ee assassins | ase Heiss all see eae 2 36 25 405
Africa:
British Africa 3} 45 12 195" |e Sars ce dal Mectncetee | Gases | eEeeees
NGUD OVID ¢ saisieteses i 20 lat 142 4 68 2 27
MotalpAttric aerec ca -eeincee 4 65 | 23 337 4 68 2 27
Grand: totalea ss. in. see < 1,303 | 18, 876 | 948 | 15, 512 2,295 | 37,128 3,490 | 47,108
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES.
AQ1
36. Statement by countries of the domestic exports of brine-salted mackerel during the ten
years ending June 30, 1894—C ontinued.
1893. 1894. Total.
Countries to which exported. = : ,
Barrels. | Values. | Barrels. | Values. | Barrels. | Values.
Europe:
AZOTOS..22---eeece rere ese eenee Bitten | neieiatala(statays|alelsisiale\eiaiai>\|(a/=[n[a[n) ainieinin|iwie(a erelereial=r= 91 $466
Rivoli dl fests ee eee oes remo ae [nace sel oe Ciena anna: 701 6, 242
OAT Cie ee eee ee eee nmtroisateinin|| cnraisteveteuniols piciniensis ie\o(o oni sci e)nicinie 3 43
@Gimimiyyicpauncsossocscebascsodeddat||agee se sbi RooccrHoCoe |S aC RE Te foetal e 20 168
THEIR? sconcboce cobacde ance coseessou so] besascnncn|osarcoGtre eso Cor aGe| ea eek 7 70
Portugaleesee een cere cers reer | eee cose |e man aa aca can ae 50 200
MotaluWunop Onceaee esses ee tena leew see |aiee reac | pire aria sea eo 872 7, 189
North America:
Canada—
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, etce-. - 8 $80 32 256 1, 040 3, 759
Quebee, Ontario, ete ---.------------ 8 137 15 192 99 819
British Columbia -..-----------.---- 15 150 13 260 42 584
IMG RIC Om rice eee see oe anisels[a/aicislelelejel=\winjel= 13 181 8 127 82 1, 088
Central America—
Gostathicaecesee asses ccc) n =< 24 365 25 317 356 4,990
Guihomalaseeeestee ose ee ae aini= 12 189 7 98 61 767
ALONCULAS -o. cee onl o-oo 7 82 1 17 99 1, 087
Nicaragna -..-------------------+--- 50 735 43 514 581 7, 885
British Honduras..-..-.------------ 54 790 33 466 651 7,164
Tina, aaeoospoococepouposEoUaoocadS 18 248 il 175 42 600
West Indies—
IB TUIS Hoo sels cieicieinlsleiei« a l-leisia'= ni-i= else i=i= 177 2, 369 276 3, 688 11, 670 72, 167
ID htt) = Sa ooo omaDUbooDeSo eS oooaoRs 3 35 5 60 452 2517
IDO S42 soanpEaosboUgooanEsecdrritips 37 525 58 815 928 9, 333
TRON a5 daeobooorondeconceconaerad 19 190 11 132 4, 234 23, 587
1Sihiknl ooacuae BUbDpOEoteCDeSsooneooonS 1, 172 16, 849 1, 758 24,717 42, 906 296, 748
Santo Domingo......-------+-++----- 487 6, 071 635 Toul 7,918 58, 944
Spanish—
(Ghilif ie osu e cos eoconbcoosgooRSeueeo 134 1, 705 100 1, 250 1, 410 12, 849
IDG Grattay denOe) aemconoboaecenoodsedss lll 1, 284 34 478 2,191 15, 883
Total North America...-...------ 2, 349 31, 985 3, 065 41, 079 74, 762 520, 771
South America:
JATETAL HT a -anncdencaccaepab Sood n0Rdd baoa=ac500 pScoCOB aoa CoaS aC Cns i aaneras se 20 144
TWA, de soreoomsea aneroDoCepaaocour od 11 168 8 112 36 478
(OWA ase dss ebaosdone eoedesetodaseb5n|jaqee docs” |PEOCoonac: Peppacnacd losopcedsote 12 138
Golomibiaece ae noes ies seis aici a= llr re 65 935 76 1, 064 8, 915 94, 122
MC WAC Ole ee emcee elciveleeisinicivieisieleleiseio(='= 1 13 5 66 6 79
Guianas—
LB yahbel tl: so cpoococaoDOD De aDosoadcdddc™ lspacb0s sad |boodoonor: 31 288 1, 388 7, 664
IDA Sa ponedecacooEeocedc scomUeEece 2 OOM PG ceae reenoosuc 348 2, 228
Branch cece concise ce cistee= steloratat= 5 48 10 115 816 5, 660
LEYS aT a ee agonal Gan cocenuden Gedo os cho ue bGacerencd sa sSeC Okc SCSSe ORO IPO eee 15 133
WierGyanh) sSasscueacpcoccaspeoedcacoe 11 167 15 219 501 4,931
Total South America......------- 95 1, 357 145 1, 864 12, 057 115, 577
Asia and Oceanica:
British) Astral asisvee sees cee a= = alasate |e lelat= fetal aie imminent | ae 264 2, 546
Africa:
British Africa «<2 0cccccccccccnccecee- 4 AO |peetccitetstata | steacarerotararete 210 1, 741
TINGLE NIA bo oso sdoooaseecenasaoad peassdaceal hoocaobens|ceonooshog SechocSees 3 17
TY pt VaR e ro Roe nOcOg oD JAGR OUe ECO ooS 5 69 14 139 1, 340 8, 819
Spanish A frica .......--------+ 2200+ -[---- seen nefeeee ene si|oo- sedeoadlscocasses 40
MT Ota Ach C deelelcinie ale es ose aeteriiell= 9 109 14 139 1, 558 10, 617
All other islands and ports. ...--------- 2 PA be eee —* Bal espe coote 15 112
Grand totalic. 2s: 3.0852 eeeeeees 2,455 | 33, 480 3,224 | 43,082 | 89,528 | 656, 812
Import duties on salt mackerel.—In the following table the approxi-
mate rates of import duty levied on brine-salted mackerel in various
foreign countries are shown, the unit being a barrel of 200 pounds.
The rate in the United States is $2 per barrel.
492
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES
37. Statement of the approximate rates of duty exacted in various foreign countries on
pickled or brine-salted mackerel imported therein.
Duty per Duty per
Countries. barrel, or 200 Countries. barrel, or 200
pounds. pounds.
Europe: North America—continued.
MTANCE. «alae in naciaicersieta efaielelatetaiteene $4. 38 West Indies—continued.
Germanygeee=s-soee seer etaaatre . 644 Martinique. -s-= eee e-re $2. 80
Greatibritaineoceesseteee-ceees Free. PouertosRicoeeesseeeeee eee . 76
iRtalytaeaaeccace semoceeeeacas sae 1.05 Santo Domingo............-- 2.54 to 3.80
ORANGE ososocconeeeoousddesees 1.96 || South America:
North America: VAT CONG aes eleeieeten etasieeliate 8. 40
Gaal a ee acisicncneeieeeiaiae 2. 00 Brazile. cep scccosseecenaenees 2.00
IMi6xICOMse ee eee acco seciesicienicsicics 5.74 British! Galan ales see erases 1.00
Central America— Chile 2ice- csssecnoee eee 3.43
Wostamwicaeasece ne eieelssie= ==. 3. 08 Colombia e222 -e -eececcesetceeee 2.20
Guatemalaseeeeeeeeeee aeeeee ee 6. 62 1a) Hils Hn Gemencoceqoueadagsseacnd 44
ron dumas sere see eee ees 186 an || VON Zl Olas esse at iiela(slelcleisieleras 4.38
INMOREME | Sande Soocancecoes be 6.52 || Africa:
British Honduras............. Free MAD SLIA) oa --caae acon veneer 1.00
West Indies— Manritin's) 22 eec cece nee sence . 26
BRIE) scoaecouspemoopaobese - 98 Asia and Oceanica:
Bye PVN Ganogaddsppedgas canon -10 New South Wales...........-.. 4.12
(Cnn) BeSoscancsssbonseacqecec 1. 52 New) Zealand anwre sarsetle eee 4.34
Dutch West Indies-.-......-... 1} p.c. ad val. Queensland eeeseecae see eee 2.16
Guadaloupess-eecee-eee ease 6pc.ad val. || Lasmania- <2... 2... 5 sone ce scm 124 p. c. ad val.
i aitios ease eo aeieeee nce eciee 1.50 SowmthrAms tralian cieckeiecetsetcieets 12 p.c.ad val,
AIM ALO Bye ine saineivecicericineces . 98
VI._HERRING AND SARDINES.
Branches of the trade.—The extensive herring fisheries of this coun-
try do not suffice to furnish the markets with sufficient products of this
species, and the imports of herring and sardines greatly exceed the
exports in value. In fact, these constitute the most important fishery
imports of the United States. The imports are in the form of sardines,
pickled herring, smoked herring, and small quantities of fresh herring
for bait and for food. The exports are smoked herring and small quan-
tities of pickled herring.
The following table shows the value of the several varieties of herring
products imported and exported during the seven years ending June
30, 1894, and the total balance of trade during each year:
38. Condensed statement of the foreign trade in herring and sardines during the seven years
ending June 30, 1894.
Ye Imports for consumption. Domestic exports. Excess of
Year :
ending p ae eer imports
of | Fresh |Smoked| Pickled . Smoked | Pickled over @x-
June 30— sherring. herring.| herring. Sardines.| Total. herring.| herring. Total. ports.
NESS eieeiq i= (a) $88, 607 | $826, 251 | $940, 036 | $1, 854, 894 | $79, 539 | $22,146 |$101,685 | $1, 753, 209
iste Pas Seer (a) 122, 027 9796, G51 806, 077 1, 724, 755 80, 281 17, 756 98, 037 1, 626, 718
1890R Sees (a) 99, 362 880, 238 764, 507 1, 744, 107 | 103, 091 9, 614 | 112, 705 1, 631, 402
189T. 32 $11,589 | 91,032 954, 697 1, 008, 843 2, 076, 161 | 105, 260 12, 352 | 117,612 1, 958, 549
18923.) o5he2 4, 894 52, 442 |1, 167, 376 |1, 175, 892 2, 400, 604 82, 772 11, 481 94, 253 2, 306, 351
TEE acadoos 10, 262 33, 815 |1,151, 112 |1, 258,158 | 2,453,347 | 93, 412 8, 660 | 102, 072 2, 351, 275
aH Se eeenee 5,919 | 23,570 950, 260 900, 780 1, 880, 529 | 123, 882 13, 457 | 187, 339 1, 743, 180
Total 32, 664 | 510, 855. 6, 726, 585 |6, 854, 293 | 14, 134, 397 | 668, 237 95, 466 | 763, 703 13, 370, 684
Average Fo
per year.| 8, 166 72, 979 960, 941 979, 185 2,019,200 | 95, 462 13, 638 | 109, 100 190, 097
a No information.
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES. 493
FRESH HERRING, FOR BAIT AND FOR FOOD,
During each year a quantity of bait fish is imported for use in the
winter bank fisheries. Allof itis received from the British North Amer-
ican Provinces, chietly from Newfoundland, and consists almost entirely
of frozen herring. The following statement shows the quantities and
values of bait herring imported during the last four years. The small
quantities of fresh or frozen herring imported for tood during the same
period are also shown in this table.
39. Statement of fresh or frozen herring imported for bait and for food by foreign vessels.
Herring for bait. Herring for food. Total.
Year ending June 30— Saeee SSeS
Pounds. | Values. | Pounds. | Values. | Pounds. | Values.
Iti = se Se aeaakodcesseeesscastsos 350, 000 $3, 418 | 966, 954 $8,171 | 1,316, 954 $11, 589
IB PA. oo beooeeaceasoedgacsoDesase aso 502, 032 2, 636 160, 868 2, 258 662, 900 4, 894
ISPS) = Sag eeosesaeudacuccoadconccaDe 574, 500 5, 325 383, 619 4, 937 958, 119 10, 262
Is 6 Se poor sopbacuoueaccodvens 391, 892 2, 829 | 211, 991 3, 090 603, 883 5919
RO tales neiaci-oitseietacisisiosciies 1, 818, 424 14,208] 1,723, 432 18,456 | 3, 541, 856 32, 664
The foregoing table does not include all the herring received in this
country from the British North American Provinces during those years,
but only those brought in by foreign vessels. It has been the practice
of the customs officials to admit free of duty the frozen herring brought
in by United States vessels as product of the domestic fisheries. All the
frozen herring used in this country are received from foreign countries,
and about one-third are used for bait. The receipts of frozen herring
from the Provinces range from 5,000,000 to 15,000,000 pounds annually.
SMOKED OR CURED HERRING.
Balance of trade in smoked herring.—During the last eight years the
exports of smoked or cured herring have about equaled the imports.
During the seven years ending June 30, 1894, the exports amounted to
25,277,958 pounds, worth $668,237, while the imports during the same
period were 31,806,495 pounds, worth $732,029. The imports for con-
sumption during that period, however, were but 21,626,128 pounds,
worth $508,855. The terms of the Washington treaty had a very
depressing effect on the smoked-herring industry of the United States.
During 1885, the last year of that treaty, the imports for consumption
of foreign smoked herring amounted to 10,441,355 pounds, while in
the year following they were but 4,246,970 pounds. The imports for
consumption have continued to decrease up to the present time, the
quantity in 1894 being only 852,480 pounds, the smallest for twenty
years. The exports have shown a correspondingly large increase. In
1888 they were but 2,948,620 pounds, worth $79,539; while in 1894 the
exports of domestic smoked herring were 5,118,025 pounds, valued at
$123,882. Table 40 shows the imports for consumption and the exports
494 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
during each of the seven years ending in 1894, and the annual average
value per 100 pounds of each class. The imports for consumption from
1874 to 1894, inclusive, as shown in Table 9 on page 446, amount to
74,548,529 pounds, worth $1,638,295,
40. Statement of foreign trade in smoked herring during seven years ending June 30, 1894.
Imports for con- si aN Average values
Wear ennine sumption. Domestic exports. Balance of trade. per 160 pounds.
June 30 7 T
Pounds. | Values. Pounds. | Values. Pounds. Values. |Imports.|} Exports.
BS Serer 3,994,101 | $86,607 | 2,948,620 | $79,539 | +1, 045, 481 | + $7, 068 $2.17 $2. 70
TREE Ssahoos 4, 226, 839 | 122,027 | 2, 404, 433 80, 281 | +1, 822,406 | + 41,746 2. 89 3. 34
IE) scassbo 4, 824, 261 99,362 | 3,664,704 | 103,091 | +1, 159,557 | — 3,729 2. 06 2.81
Wel. seoace 3, 723, 654 91,032 | 3,777,535 | 105,260 | — 53,881 | — 14, 228 2. 44 2.79
10} eR ase 2, 294, 159 52,442 | 3, 279, 263 82,772 | — 985,104 | — 30, 330 2. 29 2.52
1898 e = c080 1, 710, 634 33, 815 | 4, 085, 378 93,412 | —2, 374,744 | — 59,597 1.98 2. 29
lise Us ee ae 852, 480 23,570 |} 5,118,025 | 123,882 | —4, 265, 545 | —100, 312 2.76 2. 42
Total ....| 21,626,128 | 508, 855 | 25,277,958 | 668,237 | —3, 651,830 | —159, 382 2.35 2. 64
Nore.—The-+ indicates excess of imports over exports; — indicates excess of exports over imports.
Imports of smoked herring by countrics.—Nearly all of the smoked
herring imported into the United States is from Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick, the remainder coming principally from Sweden, England,
the Netherlands, and Newfoundland. Of the 53,685,414 pounds im-
ported during the ten years ending June 30, 1894, 48,041,778 pounds, or
90 per cent, came from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick; 1,900,142 from
Sweden; 1,486,403 from Newfoundland; 747,904 from England; and
1,509,187 pounds from all the remaining countries. The accompanying
tabulation indicates the receipts of smoked or cured herring from each
foreign country during each of the ten years ending June 30, 1894:
41. Statement by countries of theimports of smoked or cured herring into the United States
during the ten years ending June 80, 1894.
ee
He 86. ‘ %
Countries from which 1es8 1e88 Het : eee
imported. Pounds. | Values.| Pounds. | Values.| Pounds. | Values. Pounds. | Values.
Europe: |
CiGRMEIRy scndos6aoboasseletcose Sencdleaeosnas 8, 394 $111 5, 952 $147 oc -cmseter lecceceee
Mtal yen se eeeercctewes tec le sect eter seme ome eee ia Manas see ere een see ef 4,915} $256
INGtherlandsies--e eases penne ele\aisjal|lesrecemieiats 33,464; 2,105 166, 586 9, 305 40,100 2,031
SwedentandsNorwayjee-s|ss-e+ wesc se cce = 5, 826) 241 53, 371 1,966, 184,451) 7,409
United Kingdom—
in sland see whe eal Danse Aamo ereehee 34) 2 32,419) 1,126 84,031 4,096
Trea Gace ase eee els cae cee na eee an eek es eee | Saree err | ere ee less scsae 25,830, 1,109
Wotal Murope/icscse =| scoters =| sasemiece 47, 718 2, 459 258, 328) 12, 544 339, 327, 14, 901
North America:
Canada—
Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick, etc ..... 10, 138, 618'$122, 379| 4,602,498 75,302] 5,325,520 76,246 5,100,002) 101,366
Quebec, Ontario, etc..| 419,697) 8,301) 23, 500 418| 21, 060| 532) 89,915} 2,164
Newfoundland and Lab- |
1) ARG BR ES So raeomtn oamckin Soothe easocess 1, 038, 879} 19, 825 2,431 102 20, 000 280
Total North America| 10,558,315) 130, 680| 5, 664,877| 95,545] 5,349, 011| 76,880 5,209,917] 103, 810
Otherislands and ports: .-|2---2.5-424|-aos--ee 130) 17 540 20 Be lonseee =| eee
Grand total........- 10, 558, 315] 130, 680) 5,712,725) 98,021) 5,607,879, 89,453 5,549, 244] 118, 711
Total entered for con-
Sumptioness--se oes eee 10, 441, 355) 129, 084) 4,246,970) 64,457) 5,533,802) 86,390 3,994,101) 86, 607
Amountiofiduty Foz cc lbee ee eecaill seer acmaleeeceeeerne 218935]. ase | OT AGOO ewe ose 19, 971
|
= NS
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES.
495
41. Statement by countries of the imports of smoked or cured herring into the United States
during the ten years ending June 30, 1894—Continued.
1889. 1890. 1891. Ph
Countries from which Pa ‘aia at ey
imported. Pp = 5 4 :
ounds. | Values.) Pounds. | Values.) Pounds. | Values.) Pounds.) Values.
Europe:
Gienmanyy ariecieealaiciee sal 229, 418 | $8,111 26, 189 $697 6, 748 $3214 Asse ane eee eee
1h eee aR RNS Bee LeU hes ie RE A 2, 132 GPU eat eee eee Ib eeanae Ge Terie
ING bh geeseoceedes 28, 148 2, 239 96, 670 2, 854 48, 416 1, 880 2, 646 $252
Sweden and Norway....; 329,668 | 16,677 | 701,288 | 27,873 | 317,730 | 10,298 35, 510 1, 675
United Kingdom—
ID Kal Ghats | CE Re opeaeocce 108, 275 3, 053 10, 130 448 94, 166 3, 836 53, 141 6, 576
Irelandercea-co rocco 144, 625 Olea te areletere tear | rare loverstete | rteielestearae | rersic craters 4, 931 179
Sounds ogpoocsensodr 20, 000 LEM |SAeocdes ¢ Aleaesesae| hodmsorc 44llearaoned 4, 032 170
Total Europe -...-.--- 860, 134 | 36, 561 836, 409 | 31,474 467, 060 | 16, 335 200, 260 8, 852
North America: ish
Canada—
Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick, ete...-.- 4, 884, 013 |128, 762 |5, 608, 944 |107, 610 |3, 791,091 | 84,443 |2, 900, 092 57, 460
Quebee, Ontario, ete - -- 18, 655 593 20 1 1,010 ill ea seascoes| teseoees
Newfoundland and Lab-
TACLOTeve siete Sere Seer 326, 623 6,718 57, 200 1, 059 40, 200 687 70 4
Total North America | 5, 229, 291 |136, 073 |5, 666, 164 |108, 670 /3, 832, 301 | 85,157 (2,900,162 | 57, 464
Allotherislandsand ports. 4,012 ri Eee ee ae 12, 1| 3,506 140
Grand total......... 6, 693, 437 |172, 661 |6, 502, 573 |140, 144 |4, 299, 373 [101,493 3,103,928 | 66, 456
Total entered for con- Z i ef) iz
RUE Pp ULONN Stellan i 4, 226, 839 |122, 027 |4, 824, 261 | 99, 362 |3, 723, 654 | 91, 032 |2,294,159 | 52,442
ANOVA OIG Soncosescso| eecoe oso ose DSTA |e aetestociare pA ia Ip I WS ead 235 41D) lee eseese ye 17, 206
1895. 1894. Total.
Countries from which imported. |} —————_ =
Pounds. | Values. Pounds. | Values. Pounds. | Values.
Europe:
Germany ....... Sopooboooceppaoe 2, 750 $70 1, 090 $35 280, 541 $9, 492
TIGETET So GB ie RNS ga reg FS Fe LA 7, 047 358
iINetherlandsinecsce sess ces] sees 2, 846 161 7, 227 341 426, 103 21, 168
Sweden and Norway...........- 51, 925 1, 786 220, 373 6, 961 1, 900, 142 74, 386
United Kingdom-—
me lam dee cere c.sece cic ce cle sie s 155, 394 6, 544 110, 314 4, 864 747, 904 30, 545
TERE eat line SSR ovale Fe Pe AT RS 10, 296 752 185, 682 7,791
NS COULAI Gere enierate cleverness ores imate eerste reac ici cietee ai] estore reversions ie ate lcreccte: aisjatnral| Ma ercts eaten te 24, 032 900
Totalsburope ss 2ss-c-= cc - 212, 915 8, 561 349, 300 12,953 | 3,571, 451 144, 640
North America: ae pier
Canada—
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick,
OUCH ee seicisse cecbisiaetcies eis cieiewis 2, 815, 352 47, 853 2, 875, 648 63,939 | 48, 041, 778 865, 360
(Aya Yerey OMe MI, Cis So cane qaslloooosoeccoudlceseasdec 1, 800 160 575, 657 12,196
Newfoundland and! labrador <= -|2a--<2:--2---|--22---6-" 1, 000 16 | 1,486, 403 28, 691
Tota] North America....... 2, 815, 352 47, 853 2, 878, 448 64,115 | 50, 103, 838 906, 247
All other islands and ports ....... 1, 865 71 60 11 10, 125 | 296
Grand total........-...----- 3, 030, 132 | 56,485 | 3,227,808 | 77,079 | 53, 685, 414 | 1,051, 183
Total entered for consumption....| 1,710, 634 33, 815 852, 480 23,570 | 41, 848, 255 | 788, 736
AXTROEN EG OW Ny? Ge soc Soe - Abeaaoea||ssonceeooacs LZSS30 nec c ee cecieen BEES lbh gsnecds 1738, 972
496 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Exports of smoked herring by countries—The exports of domestic
smoked herring are confined almost exclusively to the West Indies and
the Central and South American countries. More than one-half are
sent to Haiti, with Santo Domingo, Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and
Venezuela ranking next in order.
Of the 25,277,958 pounds exported during the last seven years, Haiti
received 15,566,663 pounds and Santo Domingo and Cuba 3,364,038 and
2,026,087 pounds, respectively. The American continent and adjacent
islands received 24,881,338 pounds, or almost 99 per cent of the total
exports, Africa 367,400, and Europe only 25,135 pounds.
The following table shows these exports in detail:
42. Statement by countries of the quantities and values of domestic smoked herring exported
from the United States during the seven years ending June 30, 1894,
: F 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891.
Countries to which
exported. Pounds. |Values.| Pounds. |Values.| Pounds. |Values.| Pounds. | Values.
Europe:
Azores, and Maceira
Mslands\oe---s-case3 cee 3, 150 $98 850 $25 7, 100 $248 3, 210 $97
TOEFL Caso ooosSsdoSebs||becooscess|Sesesaculscossmedcaloccossss|lannccoasse|ascccess 2, 000 65
Total Europe --..-.---- 3, 150 98 850 25 7,100 248 5, 210 162
North America:
Canada—
INOW SCOLIS Cb saciecinels| ee aancrete iat | ae orereierel| Bieeleinie eae eteleieleis are 2, 500 LP eo seesculsadccode
Quebec, Ontario, etc. --- 315 Abel Wopeoceeeed [Sacchera Saeeearso loanososs 270 12
INEORIC OMe elec eee teleisie ie iny= 1, 323 49 793 27 1, 720 47 3, 190 103
Central America—
Costankicassetr. nse ee 3, 082 104 1, 839 71 5, 690 162 3520) 100
Guatemala..-.-....-..- 67 4 64 2 360 11 150 5
Honduras seceece eee 108 6 549 28 742 43 100 3
Nicaragua ..-.-...-...- 640 19 1, 860 91 3, 500 104 4, 532 137
British Honduras....-. 3, 336 97 6, 502 246 6, 804 300 5, 524 188
West Indies—
BTitisSh ees cee smiciaewrec ii 58, 759 1, 764 164, 703 4, 862 121, 717 3, 447 80, 877 2, 038
Manish es2secnsescesc ee 16, 625 414 19, 700 526 9, 910 273 15, 240 449
Mitch -eeeesos- eee 41, 483 1, 081 22, 249 833 PAPAL 796 33, 674 1, 002
HMrenchl jccsceccicece cc 77, 650 1, 901 87, 639 2,596 137, 944 3, 969 160, 876 4, 211
ai tiloe ecco amewenie ston 1, 832, 143 | 51, 046 /1, 237, 419 | 42,589 |2, 391, 372 | 65, 027 |2, 401,496 | 63,975
cone pomingy erelelo ctor 272, 315 7, 464 385,710 | 12,806 | 418,729 | 13, 006 613, 310 18, 973
anish—
Taba 2 ISIS 173, 883 4, 292 172, 814 5, 713 228, 566 6, 989 207, 514 6, 492
[PUCrLOMViCOse reece nes 65, 738 1, 686 82, 133 2; 721 132,390 | 4,018 66, 856 2,141
Total North America. 2, 547, 467 | 69,942 (2, 183,974 | 73,111 |3, 489, 665 | 98, 252 |3, 596, 864 | 99, 836
South America:
GColombiaeecsrccsesech eae 119, 169 3, 039 86, 011 2, 843 20, 700 665 42,220 | 1,308
Guianas—
Ian Ue esa5 Seooeesongd Saceccsevos| bececods 1,100 36 14, 580 453 2, 500 80
IDNUION seossyaseacusosos 9, 555 207 10, 360 304 1, 375 472 11, 105 328
MrenChynsc ace ce ccenc sss 40, 955 803 26, 410 668 32, 700 909 35, 915 1, 041
IVICNOZUOLA ec ccmeccciceeccee 41, 999 1, 203 33, 290 1, 236 48, 371 1, 146 50, 398 1, 413
TotalSouth America.| 211,678 | 5,252) 157,171 | 5,087 | 133,726 | 3,645 | 142,138 4,170
Africa:
British Africa .........-. 10, 500 225 4, 000 170| 14,728 440, || 523 .gceee ee ee
MrenchyAdricaressses--- 15, 400 252 4, 500 se ISR ee Ieee 700 16
iberiaceenc Mest esee. 142,800 | 3,196 | 42,418] 1,414| 15,630 389 | 20, 632 702
Spanish Africa........--- 17, 500 569 | 10,015 343 3, 180 98 | 11,991 374
Total Africa......-.- 186,200 | 4,242} 60,933| 2,008 33,538 927 | 33,323 | 1,092
Allother islands and ports. 125 5 1,505 50 675 On Pee eeeenee | nee
Grand total......---- 2, 948, 620 | 79,539 |2, 404, 433 | 80,281 |3, 664, 704 103, 091 3,777,535 | 105, 260
FOREIGN
FISHERY-TRADE OF
THE UNITED STATES.
497
42. Statement by countries of the quantities and values of domestic smoked herring exported
from the United States during the seven years ending June 30, 1894—Continued,
1892. 1893. 894.
Countries to which ‘ pace = 1s) 1ee4 Total.
exported. Pounds. |Values.| Pounds. | Values.) Pounds. /Values.| Pounds. | Values.
|
Europe:
Azores, and Madeira Isl- .
SYR coe eo Be enone cel oma] Son ao beerGhod SR oopccooc Ibe SoooCo RC OpeOS bed Oorooone 14, 310 $468
United Kingdom—
me] and eee earl 1, 600 $56 3, 600
Scovlandix.. acme 2, 675
Total Europe ..-.---- 4,275 110 4, 550 L383 Eecterclecisae Joneodece 25, 135 781
North America:
Canada—
Nova Scotia, New
SIA HENEN Ee GUNG a sé Kolo sebosssnd||Sososead|ososessstad|ecenos56 280 $20 2,780 80
Quebec, Ontario, ete. .)-...---.-.|.---..-- 100 2 2, 086 132 2, 771 161
Brivishs © OlumM pal cielo cists cieeieieie ls oie seo 75 5 560 29 635 34
Memico! sete eetiece cece: 10, 182 248 11, 532 327 2,176 63 30, 866 864
Central America-—
CostavRieao-sancmcace 4,116 131 5, 158 121 8, 083 202 31, 223 891
Guatemala...-..-.-... 75 2 880 ASuIEE ocean melas 1, 596 67
Hionduras=sseeescsee oe 2,427 27 25 1 305 13 4, 256 121
Nicaragua .---.-5.---- 1,519 49 1, 513 47 924 32 14, 488 479
British Honduras..-.-.- 5, 284 154 5, 847 149 4, 391 118 37, 688 1, 252
IBGrmnd ay see es rae == 585 16 105 3 420 12 1,110 3L
West Indies—
Ioiaiae) i eeceocooEsesede 84,176 | 1,773 105, 840 2, 102 197, 580 4, 423 813, 662 20, 409
Manishiessesssses-4- 526 4, 389 125 1, 400 35 1, 050 24 68, 314 1, 846
tic hese eee ec= < 34, 883 932 53,904 | 1,306 45,380 | 1, 157 259, 294 7,114
1lnG Cl BoaeseeSeceesss 77, 040 1,940 22, 050 564 212, 540 4,989 775, 739 20, 170
13 Ohh a heCe ne on eeeee |2, 006, 370 | 46, 868 |2, 564, 410 | 52, 630 |3, 133,453 | 74,877 |15, 566, 663 | 397, 012
Santo Domingo -..--.-- 3038, 454 9, 250 581,185 | 15,950 789, 385 | 18,475 | 3,364, 038 95, 924
Spanish—
Teas Lip eee RS Le Sere 499, 869 | 14,657 | 369,109 | 11,006 | 374,332 | 10,347 | 2,026,087 | 59, 496
IPaerhowRicOrer ase 82, 554 2, 463 69, 407 2, 026 135, 554 3, 784 634, 632 18, 839
Total North America 3, 116, 873 | 78, 635 |38, 792,490 | 86, 317 |4,908, 509 |118, 697 |23, 635, 842 | 624, 790
South America:
Colombia =-2s-2<5----<.-- 13, 732 447 18, 219 537 31, 016 863 331, 067 9, 702
Guianas—
IBribishicqeetsisi= <5 = =< 24, 850 458 2, 780 75 27, 000 548 72, 810 1, 650
Mnteh) -sscsaccteescces 19, 940 460 36, 370 817 28, 300 619 133, 005 3, 207
1ig2)1() OtesscSeee eens 27, 580 777 17, 950 385 16, 310 341 197, 820 4,924
WONOZNOlA Sa5-secmemcic =: 54, 803 1, 365 190, 471 4, 507 91, 562 2, 398 510, 894 13, 268
Total South America| 140, 905 3, 507 265, 790 6, 321 194, 188 4,769 | 1,245,596 | 32, 751
Africa:
British Arica ...<....--.| 2, 940 98 7,418 198 2, 914 80 | 42, 500 1, 211
Canary Islands -.-...-..- | 1, 240 38 700 20 8, 654 95 5, 594 153
French Africa ltefetope o terate. ail Sena farey afatall ev eratare por =ratere | Share iw apa oy ate chatetey trees) tore scrote 20, 600 249
A OU eee terse setters eerie 12, 280 361 14, 430 418 7, 830 212 256, 020 6, 692
Spanish Arica =... 5s. <|i-ctine=- === Poe eee ee eee Pere 42, 686 1, 384
MotaleAdricaecs 4-6 16, 460 | 497 22, 548 636 14, 398 387 367, 400 9, 789
All other islands and ports 750 | PB} soscascodalsososcas 930 29 3, 985 126
Grand total --......- 82, 772 |4, 085, 378 | 93,412 |5, 118, 025 |123, 882 25, 277, 958 | 668, 237
3, 279, 263
Import duties in various countries on smoked herring.—The approxi-
mate rates of duty levied on smoked herring imported into various
foreign countries are indicated in comparative form in the following
statement,
pounds.
F. R. 94——32
The present rate in the United States is 75 cents per 100
498 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
43. Approximate rates of duty on smoked herring imported into various foreign countries.
| |
; ‘ Alas per | Duty per
Sountries. 0 1 Gr 100
pounds. Countries. pounds.
Europe: North America—continued.
Austria-Hungary..........00.5.0+-.-- , $0. 43 West Indies—
DWenmarkis. cece teceeec eee eee eee ae =f) (OE MBSE eScoeeseenaecnoon cocancGEmr: $0. 76
IMPINGE) 4 A Sooascnesoroscnpooneccenggase 1. 32 Guadaloupe sees seers eee se eee 6 p.c.
(GeneNND 6 oe Genoescoasdomeg sescoooshS . 32 Lele. a sAosiancesapebedasae per box... 06
Greatibritainges acess serena ee Free. | SAMAICA ees e ema ae cee . 50
Greecer-maosee eee ease eccee ese eer 2.04 | Pier touRicoyesecen cee] cece neers ts
BN Wis Soaaciacuadcudmos sede senebodse=soe 44 Santo Won in Oeeeecsec= ce eeeeeee . 85
TROBE. sobs ngnoscosorpeoencogoudqoes .98 || South America:
RULS SU Berecarsie sale oeya wiz Seal ayereyalvatena ay siaysreyeretele 29))||. ~~ A BOlINM as csoe was Seamer e masa sien ee eae . 66
North America: Colombial sess sees cosceee cose 1.10
CRIMTRUIE, 6c < ne cgosecbsodedncessenasc0nse 1005) Se British Gtanaees sess eeees ee eee eee 50
WIG HOO) SoouodecpbeseEnBeDbececaESeoLone 2. 87 Peres ies acco os a oes oan eee 4d
Central America— Il = Men ezuelay./. css occvgenees oss aaaccee eer 2. 19
Costa Rigas: $5 eke oes be ee ose | 1.54 || Africa:
LEON GheE St Sa nces SuocndcsHoodesooscas 93 British Cape Colony ------°22-ss2--~-| 2. 00
INMORUEEOE) 3 ong oposor ce seduncossaess z.33 || French Gaboon ..----- = wesmsleeeseersis 05
British Onduras reece ccteiiee =e 10 p.c. | EUDORA een epee oer nies Sue cig Ss 1.00
BRINE-SALTED OR PICKLED HERRING.
General trade in pickled herring.—While the United States exports
as well as imports pickled or brine-salted herring, yet the exports are
vastly exceeded by the imports, the former averaging about 3,000 bar-
rels while the latter average 135,000 barrels per annum. The average
value of those imported has been about $7.12 and of those exported
about $4.72 per barrel. Table 44 shows the extent of the foreign trade
in pickled herring during the seven years ending June 30, 1894. It is
impracticable to show the extent of the exports of pickled herring prior
to 1885, as they were not separately classified, being included with all
other pickled or brine-salted fish. The imports of pickled herring since
1820 are included in Tables 5, 6, and 10, on pages 441, 443, 447.
During the twenty-six years ending June 30, 1894, the imports for con-
sumption were 2,831,992 barrels, worth $16,978,802, as shown in Table 10.
44. Statement of the foreign trade in pickled or brine-salted herring during the seven years
ending June 30, 1894.
Imports for con- an Excess of imports | Average value per
. sumption. Domestic exports: over exports. barrel. :
Year ending epde AS oreSssub cepa 10, 725 8, 864 11, 081 9, 497 68, 957
Netherland seer eee scene ee ener aan ee 1,915 318 (GP). aeeoreancese A4, 423
Lee nee soesec odesaoe sacs ssE Sooo. ose 80, 310 156, 162 154, 631 47, 474 589, 805
S)oe Gb bkcecsceoeeosoneseasoneecoecace 179 4, 669 2, 488 1, 022 45, 220
Sweden.and Norway ..-..------.------ 25, 565 26, 481 32, 226 30, 427 198, 950
Total VE ROpO= ore pee eeaaee eeeaaee 1, 086, 620 | 1, 198, 038 1, 864, 833 974, 556 9, 328, 227
North America:
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, ete ...-.!..-.-.------|------------|------------| see pewenne- 1, 353
Quebec, Ontario, étc .....----.--------- 1, 589 571 613 767 6, 328
Ob aicnececissesccnca econ aces le cieewie 1, 735 2, 383 1,371 1, 340 14, 647
Total iNorth American. -.-s-s == =—- 3, 274 2, 954 1, 984 2,107 | 22, 328
All other islands and ports.........-+--- 81 157 149 239| 4, 731
Granditotale. oreo sete aac 1, 089,975 | 1,201,149 | 1,366, 966 976,952 | 9,355, 286
Total entered for consumption. .....----- 1,000, 843 | 1,175,892 | 1,258,158 | 900,779 | 9, 103,914
Arm oumb OL Gity,- oss sce see == einen = 345, 044 | 367, 521 383, 577 274, 762 2, 828, 169
During the last few years the sardine fishery along both the French
and Portuguese coasts is reported to have been poor, the run of fish
being small and of inferior quality. It is further stated that there is a
growing habit in those countries of catching and preserving a fish that
somewhat resembles the true sardine, but which appears to be inferior
to the average quarter-oil sardine packed on the Maine coast.
It is clear that this is an opportune time for the American canners,
by strict attention to the quality of their output, to make special efforts
to capture trade that the French and Portuguese are likely to lose in
the event of placing poor sardines upon the market. Aside from this,
the conditions existing in Hurope should tend, in some measure, to aid
the sale of American fish, since, according to late accounts, many can-
ners in France and Portugal have not attempted to pack during the
last two years on account of the scarcity of the sardines.'
Import duties on sardines.—The customs law of August 30, 1842,
imposed a duty of 20 per cent ad valorem on sardines imported into the
United States. This rate was doubled by the law of July 30, 1846, but
the customs enactment of March 3, 1857, reduced the rate to 30 per
cent. The act of July 30, 1864, raised the duty to 50 per cent ad valo-
rem; but in 1872 it was again reduced to 30 per cent, where it remained
until February 8, 1875, when specific duties were imposed. These were
as follows: On boxes measuring not over 5 by + by 34 inches, 15 cents
per box; those measuring not over 5 by 4 by 18 inches, 74 cents each;
measuring not over 43 by 34 by 14 inches, 4 cents per box; and for sar-
dines in any other form, an ad valorem duty of 60 per cent. The customs
1See New York Commercial Bulletin, July 24, 1894.
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES. 5O7T
law of March 3, 1883, reduced these duties to 10 cents, 5 cents, 24 cents,
and 40 per cent ad valorem, respectively, at which rate they remain at
the present time. The duties imposed in the principal foreign coun-
tries on imported sardines are shown in the accompanying compilation:
51. Statement showing approximately the rates of duty on sardines imported into various
foreign countries.
‘ Duty per P Duty per
Countries. 100 pounds. Countries. 100 basala!
Europe: || North America—continued.
PATS trian PANY a ceeinls eile sie $5. 80 Central America—
Leta aabtils — ocomoopacoas ORDO OGLGOS Free. British Honduras..-..--.-.-------- 10 per cent
MenmMarhk os << -- 4, 305 562. 2,339 299 4, 400 475. 3, 670 422
Nicaragua .-...--- 16, 491 2, 156) 13, 784 1, 640 32,510) 3,904, 14, 827 1, 441
PalvadOrses=5- == 1, 950 220) 2, 856 320 1, 948 219 3, 500 365
British Honduras. 11, 787 1, 604 5, 640 706 12, 760. 1, 488 esa 1, 567
RENT sosdee boned lssoceabesd bse oncopdd Geostebcec aap saccad|Seactocced lewecareen 20, 685 2,519
West Indies—
ISAM copeaoaesEo 88, 592 13, 053 17, 792 10, 223 112, 521 18, 669) 79, 791 9, 251
Wanishlesn2-~--1-=- 2, 889 432 1, 095 170 2, 165 368) 1, 810 212
Wutehiasess=--25----- 75, 866 10, 425 14, 042 1, 947 20, 237 2, 952) 24, 332) 2, 869
WCC On s
Switzerland......-.-.|
North America:
Canada cece. 5e055055 losnpsscnelstoongabe|lsocoasouc 50 i) bandaseod|anascocac
PAN CO pec eeen sin cee one | sosen odes | Cees nates 1, 250 587 688 AGH roca citerectel reveereeee
Germany, acas-5-ss2-0-= = 15, 852 14, 061 12, 036 7, 568 14, 494 7, 569 20, 088 10, 994
IN GIG EG ise sopeaeeunod] banecose: lgaeecsias 39 18 25 20 34 13
Sweden and Norway...--. 46,857 | 45,283 | 73,795 |} 50,519 | 99,974 | 53,621 | 116, 854 66, 177
United Kingdom—
ne landeesssecacesnee 5, 444 6, 071 9, 704 6, 881 3, 921 2,961 13, 382 8, 560
DCOvaNGssesacccecssc=2| soe =|elaicis'n seis 360 MIDS | Sacer sasars aeteinst aoe le sees selene rece
Total Europe........ 74, 127 66, 916 | 109, 191 68, 406 | 121, 027 64, 818 | 151, 525 86, 128
North America: x i ae
Canada—
Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick, ete .---.. 148, 966 60, 837 31, 108 8, 548 14, 078 8, 384 77, 468 16, 427
Quebec, Ontario, etc... 9, 794 5, 470 1, 763 898 1, 071 696 1, 347 346
British Columbia. .-.-.- 46, 348 18, 932 32,175 8, 578 34, 051 9, 067 9, 002 2, 800
Newfoundland and Lab-
TACOD ES eee eee 62,011 | 50,912 2, 585 1, 568 1, 888 867 1, 034 347
Nignelonmlan clever sacar cel facoeteee esses cone acinen te| me oeniceslee ue Bosc). Zallie! 479
British West Indies-..... 8, 216 4 OSI eS scatter | ase ae| bese eel ees UL eut otema ne Meee Ronee
Total North America.| 275,335 | 136,092 | 67,631 | 19,592 | 51,088 | 14,014| 90,915| 20,399
Asia: ; . lies ji -
Ghinas so .c2sas5- cass ae d|-Casoee sal setissesisic 2 1 750 BSON Raeveiiaaew lose siaee
JE IGE) Te ae oecoeceoouSd jsaoneoecd poqosscod Goousesedlondsoumse 1, 243 281 10 23
DADAM Pesca sseeses wee 101,265 | 24, 832 5, 010 786 170 1G) We Saeed sasoocos
MMotalt Asin = onccasa5| Soococeodlonosseses|eoossecodlasaccse solssescocse 625 $364
iniolan dieeeer ee ae eer 5, 620 $2, 258 4, 293 1, 602 16, 183 $7, 182 1, 588 863
IMMRCE Goodooseonsrcoesce|lasooedoos|Htonsoscn bosonogaa|bgescouae 30 117 100 90
(GMB, soossotcscocssce 14,471 5, 008 26, 397 8, 541 20, 674 8, 398 39, 375 20, 573
Netherlands) 2s. e ee 35 15 1, 480 471 17 13 14 11
Sweden and Norway...--- 109, 5382 44,458 | 147, 824 56,977 | 218, 881 93,616 | 161, 949 95, 298
Total Europe ....---. 129,658 | 51,739 | 181,654 | 68,021 | 255,785 | 109, 326 | 203,601 | 117, 199
North America: i= aa asl eR
Canada—
Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick, etc ...... 164,185 | 29,084 | 67,578 | 12,725) 35,890 7,383 | 90,960 24, 601
Quebec, Ontario, etc... -. 83 50 269 132 | 14, 705 Me May kigecsoapaincosescos
British Columbia .-.---- 9, 805 OO AN erates arate ote orsnistnate 450 112 184 46
Newfoundland and Lab-
Pad Ore= soonest nce eecese 130, 367 27, 212 11, 578 2, 730 13, 027 3, 767 8, 155 1,975
Miquelon, Langley, ete -- 950 TWN) lecdocdocdlaseccadedlcqcdasticclassoceseellespocecos|oasccces
British West Indies ..-.- 210 GEE la seosados|jsosecosse 216 107 1, 369 192
Total North America- 305, 600 59, 614 79, 425 15, 587 64, 288 15, 864 | 100, 668 26, 814
Asia: 5 Fi maa RNS Tcl ai
British East Indies ------ 10, 153 re ON eee soa Goode Sespessan saceaored Scopasacalésancose-
(litt t eee ae oe eo sen Besson SEncetson ccocscaad oaeonoLedpooosooon boocasosrivopeaoane 10 | 3
Ong KON epee ee eee eee 606 ity Se paacwolesededsoc 192 39 132 32
UAHA Ssobqdedqasqnes6oLs 9, 848 1,401 6, 300 1, 828 250 55 2, 398 426
MotalPA sia ses scceee = 20, 607 4, 509 6, 300 1, 827 442 94 2, 540 461
Allotherislands!and! ports: |e ee 2 -e| ee ciee = lala = Se | oe ea (mee POR maa! ; 20
Grand total......-... 455, 865 | 115, 862 | 267,379 | 85,436 | 320,515 | 125, 284 | 306,815 | 144, 494
Total entered for consump- f i. i
GIONS ee ae eco eceecese 387,020 | 105,937 | 305, 591 95, 947 | 300, 159 | 118,775 | 329, 944 151, 000
Amount Of Uibye eseeisteresiee |S eeeee = 265483) lSeeeesees Pay Oeil pososooac BBY PE) soooeces 40, 603
1893. 1894. Total.
Countries from which imported.
Gallons. | Values. | Gallons. | Values. | Gallons. Values.
Europe:
IAvZoOressanduMadeina lslands <-sccalssoceeceee taeecee ee |noeeeeeees | peeeeeeeere 22, 733 $5, 408
Belgium 1, 125 584
PRAM COs ames eel semeree cleanse 8, 136 3, 353
Germany ..-- 226, 992 107, 677
Netherland sce sasesseseee cece emens a 1, 651 571
Sweden and Norway..-...--....---- 165, 209 87,123 | 196, 202 93,089 | 1,337,077 686, 161
United Kingdom—
Hn olan Giese. 2s acne ce ceeeeeiae 13, 017 5, 879 11, 203 5, 523 84, 305 47, 780
Scotland ee Nec. 5. Men ieee eee 4 3,402 | 1, 296 3, 356 1, 258 7, 168 2, 669
PRO LAEUNOD Olea cle cise cia 227, 295 110, 541 235, 324 111, 109 il, 689, 187 854, 203
North America:
Canada—
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick,ete.| 242,515 64,683 | 104, 436 25, 073 977, 184 252, 745
Quebec, Ontario, ete 18, 023 6, 476 542 233 47, 597 | 18, 796
British’ Columbiai----c-05------- 2, 041 690 629 154 134, 685 38, 373
Newfoundland and Labrador ...-.-- 285, 602 75, 980 55, 353 14, 885 571, 600 180, 243
Maiguelon Want loyn@be os - cies cie sl nae eele ace cnseriieie se 12, 417 2, 832 15, 431 3, 501
IB DIGISH AW OS tN GIES setae aitosioeel= iekcis | eseteto chore ll eee ee eas | ereioee tee sfeoobeca sce 10, 011 5, 324
Total North America........-- 548, 181 147, 829 173, 377 43, eee 1, 756, 508 498, 982
Asia: ¥
British Mast An dies = soso eee eats ce all see roe el nore ele ee eee eee 10, 153 2,914
(Nii Cea eh ora aul as Gn er(n| et hE Tf SAREE oe 4, 668 607 5, 430 1, 000
(Hiongikon Pyne a eee cisleneeitinee eee 110 QO hack hiines|nseeomces 2, 293 594
ayy aT soe ater La Cee ae ek 191,852 | 30,746 | 156,456 | 24, 656 473, 549 84, 881
DotalvAsigh 2 seen ons celaweseees 191, 962 30, 771 161, 124 25, 263 491, 425 89, 389
-AllWiotherislandsiand portsl-psseccser|Peceeeeces |emereeeeee 10 7 470 367
Grand tetalstece eat eee 967, 438 | 289,141 | 569,835 | 179,556 | 3,937,590 | 1, 442, 941
Total entered for consumption... .-.-. 922,105 | 285,592 | 588,977] 184,510] 3,828,552 | 1,413, 669
UNA UMN HOE Ch y) GaStedeeetlesssoocsseolosacoaces BT AOOOs| Meas sene GL ASTON Sess 362, 489
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES. 529
Exports of marine oils—The marine oils exported are classified as
sperm oil and whale and fish oil. The extent of the export trade from
1790 to 1820 is given in Table 19. The exports since 1820 are shown in
Table 20, on pp. 464-465. During recent years the exports have been
principally to Scotland, England, France, Australia, and Germany,
those five countries receiving over 95 per cent of the total quantity
exported. The remaining exports are sent to Hongkong, Mexico, Brit-
ish Columbia, Belgium, ete. During the last ten years the exports to
Scotland have aggregated 4,748,433 gallons; to England, 3,505,300; to
France, 1,310,334; to Australia, 612,335; to Germany, 454,648, and
to all other countries combined only 449,683, making a grand total of
11,080,733 gallons.
Table 69 shows by countries the quantity and value of the marine
oils exported during each of the ten years ending June 30, 1894:
69. Statement by countries of the exports of marine oils from the United States during the
ten years ending June 30, 1894.
1885. 1886. 1887. 1888.
Countries to which hy
exported. Gallons. | Values.) Gallons. | Values.| Gallons. | Values.) Gallons. | Values.
|
Europe:
IVETE Admoooospoeeoscse 1, 030 | $1,070 ANGOORIES3 47 Ob eerie = caiee lice meres | Spare ee ee | ee
MTANCE essen scaice --| 231, 694 127 468, 617 |154, 649 143, 579 |$44, 482 244, 327 | $58, 501
Germany 76,523 | 21,977 | 145,784 | 38,085 | 87,007 | 22) 872
balive teem on mks eclateeisisers ce 3, 000 1 UL Se a eee oe econ cetd 2 ete age
Netherlands ....---....-- 491 413 7,400 3, 352 532 406 993 741
United Kingdom—
Tana ane) oseeasecadee ad 507, 747 |207, 365 | 386, 255 |165, 333 | 535,819 /198,321 | 430 984 | 156, 833
SCotland eee eaenecar 219, 610 /115,729 | 317,335 |117,043 | 584,372 |156,955 | 589,183 | 127,093
Total Europe .....-.. 1, 024, 546 |435, 932 |1, 263, 730 /466, 924 |1, 410, 086 |438, 249 1,352, 494 | 365, 970
North America:
Canada—
Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick, ete .-..--- 350 272 148 46 128 97 4, 860 1, 204
Quebec, Ontario, ete --. 4,200 | 1,502 95402) SeSh OTe eras lesan |e so eee een Ate ee,
British Columbia ------ 13,186 | 3,708 1, 875 787 505 137 2, 934 | 816
MexiGOls a. seee a ee scene 5,025 | 1,943 7,055 | 3,326 5,375 | 2,234 7,914 2, 388
Central America—
GostapRicay sss. e ee =- 579 377 963 538 117 98 126 72
Guatemalas-sece-ass-- = 3 6 6 8 30 10 203 148
londuras=-sscsacs oo oe 72 45 121 645 |Fstecce ssl focmaee 145 60
INicaraAgU aes esses acl 60 45 101 64 25 11 53 20
San Salvador ...-....... 36 44 60 62 50 69 10 8
West Indies—
IBMT, SosccgesooseTaor Mails) 917 2, 589 1, 023 901 306 795 324
IO I eo cgnaosoeaesons latcheccnod Gdsdeoce||odanan agSd||saciosas0llocoosoodsd|ebccboos 2 16
DUC CH Rese aac ase eat on elcisicree tel eoocmete 101 44 60 31 112 69
NON Chasen sence cisions 900 LON peetsatasieies | ieee siete | Seisen eet crell «soars deal Marcie Soe | eine ee
Flaite scceac sass sec 271 107 493 345 297 187 751 462
Santo Domingo .....-. me 187 112 188 11283 524 196 388 209
Spanish—Cuba ........ 739 457 1, 281 869 517 891 386 302
IPE IGA eA) All eaemecosod eoese ss 214 210 30 Mea ee soarin sa etek
Total North America. 27, 323 | 10, 245 24,597 | 16, 180 8, 559 4, 282 18, 697 6, 098
South America:
Argentina ...... Sbiscet and jadcmooccodteccenor 52 35 53 Oye ee eedadosd|Lconocce
Braziliesocs- so = sacsesee cee 426 338 720 520 20 15 498 350
Chiller sees sees eee eee 73 90 PLO el Alife | eree ate tes oreo ae 30 28
Colombisisscsncs sn eeee 4 ol 182 116 827 312 283 196
POU awenie sceses Saas 329 183 506 253 346 136 782 266
Venezuela ........--...-.- 10 NAG aereraresior [elsisiteiee Ulises atmcce cscs e oales ease acne lee
Total South America. 842 632 2,976} 2,341 1, 246 497 1,593 840
Asia and Oceanica:
HON AKON Ose ees ena ae cicac 13, 635 5, 701 15, 430 5, 688 16, 78% 6, 091 14, 521 4.199
British Australasia......| 120,024 | 51, 664 54, 032 | 18, 585 68, 729 | 22,075 | 107,540] 31,971
Hawaiian Islands-....---. 862 392 1,749 919 467 124 1, 461 628
Total Asia and Oce- Pa,
QNICASS hoo kos 134, 521 | 57, 757 71,211 | 25, 192 85, 983 | 28, 290 123,522 | 36, 798
All other islands and ports. 382 160 2, 165 470 99 63 195 139
Grand: totale---..--- 1, 187, 614 |504, 726 |1, 364, 679 |511, 107 |1, 505, 973 471, 381 |1, 496.501 | 409, 845
Tree) ae
530
REPORT OF
COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
69. Statement by countries of the exports of marine oils from the United States during the
ten years ending June 30, 1894—Continued.
2 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.
Countries to which
exported. Gallons. | Values.| Gallons. |Values.| Gallons. |Values.| Gallons. | Values.
Europe:
Ibe) Fsinbri A aAspeocoonnooos 200 $65 15, 967 | $3, 839 85 $30 15, 207 $5, 779
ran Ceaeaeee ce cee i= see 10, 484 3, 694 99,134 | 41, 383 3 1 30, 668 11, 683
(Gernmanyeees ee eee eee 2,595 1, 670 15, 786 5, 813 49,008 | 13, 654 11, 349 8, 422
Netherland steeeesa seems essere) eimtetee soi 490 2 Ra eee ooeoe epee seep sacsclonsqsocs
United Kingdom—
England .2.----.------- 351, 189 (112, 303 537, 403 |177, 889 | 383,600 |141, 240 220, 250 | 102, 992
Scovlandie scenes - 153, 463 | 56,150 |1, 210, 048 |298, 728 919, 559 |204, 731 609, 240 | 181, 124
Total Hurope ..--.- -- 517, 931 |173, 882 |1, 878, 828 |522, 787 |1, 352, 255 |359, 656 | 886,714 | 305, 000
North America:
Canada—
Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick, etc.--..-.-- 50 YP Baooaconodlpccosda- 4,910 667 | ,2skeooses| ceo
Quebec, Ontario, etc. --.|.....---.-|-------- 220 OB |lecenceccod|ecsascse 90 78
British Columbia..---- 9 9 35, 581 9, 086 10, 281 4,315 4,797 1, 946
IMGxICO aces se cee -eneace 5, 202 3, 006 4,105 1, 258 7,194 3, 536 18, 375 7, 716
Central America—
Costaphticamesceeeere cee 50 16 29 Bi ipl ERR eeeacs| ese SccmscicratdleqoucSac
Guatemala-.-.-.--..---.. 10 (3h llanonscasoulsoosoewsl |Saooddopoalledsosotollascsondosallsosccssc
ilondurassseecesceesaies 98 34 122 AD Nachos cess 4| opiate | ron steerererae | Geeee eee
Nicaragua ---.--------- 7 52 5 6 24 52 15 30
San Salvador .........- 25 UO eeeee steel sa creo see 35 26 || SssbSscee |e eee
West Indies—
iBribishveecescecoee sess IRB PAL 521 1, 502 561 966 340 740 304
IDEPONENA Saesdsoserncosce 39 Ih lSoocecoce:|lsocouete lbononan aaa lboooopac 26 14
WutCh) 2 s-ssseceee ces 65 43 5 2 26 17 82 64
MT AUGL oe aha eee © sfeysiectetore 655 571 23 82 130 a) 374 234
Santo Domingo .-...--- 188 73 998 563 299 153 294 144
Spanish—
Cubano -ccscnsese= oes 792 794 2,101 500 417 163 4, 055 1, 978
IETertOPRI CO ee eteree 50 (AU Rese aSase ocnaeae SeCOrAn aA spocdsed baaceasecolaconcdcc
Total North America 8,655 | 5, 206 44, 899 | 12, 232 24,292 | 9,344 28,848 | 12,508
South America:
PATS OD VINA) -\-> lee s\elniaielel/= = 50 GH. |lhoonnseace|loooseaccllonasosonedlescoocadloonenonasd oocmacc:
1b eal eee eee re etCrOGn maceGocace meborese 314 1625) See Esa 108 82
Chileseee. eseeisccoeacceee 128 91 60 62 60 59 560 250
Colombiaie-se=sseceeceese 599 287 281 133 134 97. 244 128
PON) 22 csisisjese els eeisrerteee 1, 677 673 3, 763 1, 046 1, 662 460 2, 021 641
Wiepieanen al Gancdosaciesnaes 2, 216 BPE} |loosbocé son|looscsoss|[soocseaderljeoocsncd|oasceacacalloscoseo-
VONCZUCLAl sence ace ee. 35 20 ZA OPBY |p eae 30 20 50 30
Total South America 4,705 | 1, 654 8,641 | 2,544 1, 886 636 2, 983 EAB
Asia and Oceanica:
Honekone eee. oeo-- TON SD Gal) wa, Orne, 11,006! 4,630 9 644 | 4,110 11, 126 4, 585
British Australasia ...... 35, 527 | 11, 210 63, 076 | 23,131 78, 708 | 27, 211 40, 157 14, 744
Hawaiian Islands .......- 2, 218 SERN Sa seocener|(bocoscns 506 225: | cea ciatie oe eee
Total Asia and
Oceanicas.s------2- 50,102 | 16, 114 74, 082 | 27, 761 88, 858 | 31, 546 51, 288 19, 329
Allother islands and ports. 647 184 156 49 30 21 |2.22552 saoe0ndobod 1.31 iWishvandawihale nese e sess .14
Bishjandbwitalemeceericoeneeeeaa eee . 52 Codshivent hs cce sec ose seaaceeeeees 2.19
iINecherlandsieereceeere coche serene eer . 10 Bolivia:
TEV SL aeeee we riectesicte cena aiaain erie cine . 65 Crude ees eC eas Gece aetna acre ae . 80
Spalnleeserrenenenesse eee eae eer - 09 Refined peeeeee= anaes sees aee 1.32
IMM WHiWfa sesesasescnacbeoscosaeodsdooce 48 Brazil:
Swe denise wees wcioaes stetisicieie eis terete ierets Free. Crude.....- = ainsiaie aelejseisise neces seme 3.70
Siwibzerlan Genes cisacerciedeceeereeries . 04 ROL NO ose iscevece ce ace eereisiciseeeiee 12. 38
North America; guoesuver Boies Sard Sa ee ae nee ene 15. 84
(| 20 per ct. ile:
Canada ....--...------------+-+----- Hl Sara Cade: icke se uct oon ah ee 1.35
IMEX COM eras te cine esee eeEe eeer 2.40 VOL NEM see se seems eee scene 2.27
Central America: Cod linerZasciecceeeaccesete oe oe 7.20
CostavRicasce sis ese esoaeaee See 2.42 Venezuela:
Guatemala: Hishtandawhalese--ceen-s=s—eseeeee 6.57
Rushsandiwnihale: essere eeminccieeecis 2. 20 Codsliver.s-tecesecnie- cae oe ee eeeeee 10. 94
eae es sis se ect he Se clots Seton 4.41 || Asia and Oceanica:
IG ATA PUB mes ecemccicesines selec eee te 1. 40 . 5 per ct.
Salvador: : On Seo SOO Seca oa ; fa val.
isha dawinel Gees seer ces esaae eee 1.76 5 per ct.
(COMDIN Fa cecesoob ascehasnoSeeccabs 6. 60 OE ME eae oe ieee SSUES ; Bl val.
PLONMUraAS Sse ces sees ceetisswesci . 93 ING Ww; South Wialese.ssceme ees sees 121
sa HIV LelOMGhMENS eocsosSooHHaCKse . 60 New Zealand! 5.22-jgsncan aesineeaeceere Free.
West Indies: Queensland and Victoria..........---. 1.21
IBAWAMAaS eee se ere eee eeeeiceeeeeee 2.43 SPASMANIS eae cee eine clare eee reste 3. 03
C@ubarseec- cecn noo cece caeecemneeect 2.19
Wiest pAtstraliaecc.sceceesemetceerere 1.21
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES. By)
XI.—_SPERMACETI.
Exports of spermaceti.cThe exports of spermaceti vary little from
year to year, averaging about 390,000 pounds, with a valuation of about
$100,000. Itis sent principally to England, Germany, and Scotland, with
smaller quantities to France, Italy, and Spain. Of the exports during
the last ten years, 50 per cent went to England, 28 per cent to Germany,
and 15 per cent to France.
The quantity and value exported during each of the last twenty-six
years and the average value per pound are shown in Table 71. A
statement of the annual exports since 1821 is given in Table 20, on
pages 464-465, and the exports from 1790 to 1820, inclusive, are shown
in Table 19, on page 462. From these compilations it appears that
from 1790 to 1894, inclusive, 41,813,490 pounds of spermaceti have been
exported from the United States.
Small quantities of spermaceti are imported into the United States
in the form of candles. The imports during each year from 1869 to
1883 are shown in Table 12, on page 449. The customs returns do not
indicate the imports during later years.
71. Statement of the exports of domestic spermaceti during each year from 1869 to 1894,
inclusive.
Exports. | Averago
Year ending June 30— values
Pounds. Values. | send
Cents.
1869 ccncccnccasncnnnceeeeR eR PABA DO DEAE DA se edd deabiuansenare Baenens 253, 445 $88, 706 35.0
STOP eae eee as eae ee eed Sen einiee ote siniwis toe Swinemianeas an 82, 520 27, 172 32.9
ART ee ee ace aise ee aoe ree ease sanannss se oo scoec estes. 157, 263 42,170 26.8
TOY PAs a= Sica Bo ee Batis Hic OE ata See o5 athe Hoe esas ape ABO aoa oHe 190, 736 56, 996 29.9
STS ec nas a> ses See ae BRO Cee See ate o eee Seis beeen oaaec nee 197, 671 55, 815 28.2
Gy CU oe ey eee eee Se SS eSt ECC Seer CA Serre acpec mame 304, 865 78, 346 eid
POT ese seek tears aisiate Do oo cine See eee aero erties eee ae Sem neia clasps ore 238, 641 61, 725 25.8
SG ete eee tea can iss wis sia Seles Sate elec eee aecatommace sccm 141, 157 35, 915 25.4
OTe Seine ee = oe bate Screens ee Om Sel tcs tem eae ecto ol 153, 552 41, 027 26.7
SLRS ee acre ct onicisle ao Slsle eierelaie Seema Sneie o a e oeerereseiicve ate 228, 276 58, 302 25.5
RRO es = ease sons ce Gace a scp arate niacin seiaas moe sistas eelgsiele 147, 508 35, 489 24,1
SSO eee ee ea cles 5 a) Seen See see Sale aepaenie aera be ee 197, 847 45, 018 22.8
Tb SRS oes SCOOT CnC OO ACEO CITC SC CGE so OF ECC Maem Soe Sanep aror cere ti 214, 205 40, 945 19.1
TS} ayn, ie rae Oe ae eh re ee ee ee Ee ee ee 265, 593 48, 721 18.3
Te Gtk oc hinit GOOG oe BE OMS nO HOOD Sento One SORBABOF CLs SaESodaendhaor 396, 869 66, 651 16.8
TOGA eee eS orev 8 era ooo a alates CIotee P ee Gianere toe sas ciebe eclesee ce ates 259, 947 48, 553 18.7
TSSh see cee oc aoe SI rh rerio eee ee eles Metals st ura is alee Scie Stomieans 277, 271 63, 683 22.9
334, 918 125, 840 iO)
336, 222 139, 656 41.5
226, 576 84, 018 37.1
425, 479 111, 386 26. 2
449, 384 116, 757 26.0
207, 574 71, 202 34.3
273, 981 90, 842 BREY?
340, 192 105, 012 30.9
342, 786 99, 467 29.0
66445473) || Ie 'T505 708) |2seceses ae
MANERA PG) POL YCaL- . <5. == one aoe one eee = enim mem m= sew == | 255, 557 67, 335 26.4
534
Table
72
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
shows the quantity and value of domestic spermaceti ex-
ported to each foreign country during each of the ten years ending
June 30, 1894. It appears that Europe received 3,157,181 pounds, or
over 97 per cent; American countries, 21,391 pounds, or less than 1 per
cent; and all other countries, 35,811 pounds, or less than 2 per cent.
72. Statement by countries of the domestic exports of spermaceti during the ten years end-
ing June 30, 1894.
j ; 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888.
Countries to which z
exported. Pounds. | Values. | Pounds.| Values. | Pounds. |} Values. | Pounds.| Values.
Europe:
Austria-Hungary.e.... 1, 415 Get | beecceooc|ssasecced| sccceqscelSsccssead|bpasceaaclosteosszc
ISSUER oa noon sees oobess bosanced|Soesearcal|e ase s5550|bonoasacs 610 $256 1, 850 $650
TOA sseoossoceso ese cos sep ucEose locospeaes 3,160 } $1, 250 9, 556 4,12 7, 556 2, 852
Genmnanyeeeseeeeee eee 87,645 | 21,723 | 71,657) 27,780 | 88,191 | 38,292 | 52,364 19, 595
Iwao oe snce=tanauc sacoecosn bosocosad|losodceads|loobosoccn 2,421 1, 050 3, 188 991
IN Weled OHNO Rane Soboncoodsooccesed |oe aceesdallbeossoqcd|soopacose 922 410" | of sock aleeceeoeee
Ietyinyerl coe coceeahtoossdleanoceoccl|edosseced||ecossescq||pacicisc.cuc 957 LN eoenonsea|isocHosess
Spainleaseeoesa se cen ceases Moen Ss: [Pacem 245 oases cet sees ree 7, 821 3, 220 3, 565 1, 273
United Kingdom—
Bn plan dese spent e ae 113,432 | 24,638 | 146,776 | 53,851 | 219,122 | 89,140 | 138,645 50, 511
Scotland@eccsccececs see 63, 824 14, 907 | 112, 929 42,777 6, 246 2, 580 18, 690 7, 860
Total Europe .....--. "266,316 | 61,579 | 334,522 | 125, 658 | 335, 846 | 139,492 | 225,858 | 83, 732
America: F ? : 5 pace
VIE RIC OSE RE ceeenint ceased lattenis cecal oatee eerie 396 182 70 29 618 256
Central America........- 5,617 ANOZ4 Nses aces scemcesee 180 8B sds stein teeeeeeetee
lov aoVal) Gee oem ctecteree 5, 338 IOS eoossagod boctescod|SasccacaodlcococcSnd|sncocesccleceesescs
Total America..-....- 10, 955 2,104 396 “182 250 112 “618 256
All other islands and ports.}. - - fFiral Ae pre ae el renee 126 52 100 30
Grand total........-- 277,271 | 63, 683 | 334,918 | 125, 840 | 336,222 | 139,656 | 226,576 | 84, 018
: i 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.
Countries to which
exported. | Pounds. | Values. | Pounds.| Values. | Pounds.| Values. | Pounds. | Values.
Europe:
Belgiams hae rieoces ates. 1,550 $460 | 4,977| $1,125] 4,640] $1,206] 1,521 $500
TANCE -— Soecics cenccsce sss 5 5,226 | 16, 535 4,519 63 25 | 16,147 5, 634
Germany .. 7 39, 227 | 110, 120 27, 137 1, 958 682 71, 967 27, 237
Adaliyeeseeess 4,776 | 25, 883 7, 390 17, 271 6, 503 3, 143 1, 108
Netherlands AGE Aeeoeaeed) Secbssees socom oore lsorneosad saoeaaseallboonesoc-
Portugal PAU eossogasa|booaedries 50 18 306 107
Spain. ee eee oo toee eee 2, 339 3, 802 SPE) Nscnodcsadllasshcocset 1, 855 568
United Kingdom—
iBmelandiasace ce ceee 173,497 | 42,966 | 254,178 | 66,630 | 183,083 | 62,556 | 117, 608 37, 667
Scotland tses soe: 54, 928 13, 341 33, 504 S960 sieaesere eee eceisicelsie 60, 905 17, 832
Total Europe ....---- 421,509 | 110,155 | 448,999 | 116,659 | 207,015 | 70,990 | 273,452 | 90, 653
America: a 7 z a
INTOXICO tat sieseecececees 3, 458 1, 079 241 59 Kees waceeceee 160 55
(Ces atl Jes RC Mae aoe loseemoaas) rors Geos lacasadedalbeeaceacblloaasonbos|boocudepc 206 74
Bra Zilli eee tase ne a See eee Seance asec tence nee marci arate 509 195. | ieociss costo
Total America.....-. 3, 458 1, 079 241 59 509 195 366 129
Asiaand Australasia: A 2 >
British Australasia...... 113 BT ecac cel dlacccctasc|leetece: ocean ene e Race eee Cee
Allother islands and ports. 399 115/144 39| 50 “17 163, oaammed
Grand total.......... 425, 479 | 111,386 | 449,384 | 116,757 | 207,574 | 71,202 | 273,981 | 90, 842
———— ee
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES.
535
72. Statement by countries of the domestic exports of spermaceti during the ten years end-
ing June 30, 1894—Continued.
1893. 1894, Total.
Countries to which exported.
Pounds. | Values. | Pounds.} Values. Values.
Europe:
PATS aa EU 8 ar Viaraisntaletalelateteiaicleeieiae | seme seine |lseiieeeeiscs|-secasicisine| mse sinc wince $311
Bel piume erase act ees sae eee cia = 8, 402 $1, 050 3, 381 $1, 020 6, 267
Denmark ...... BS eIaS Selena ie seerse nial lieve rae sieersiain! | sfowisieerseers 309 87 87
IR PON COsseccistse ee ticeeeee eee a 11, 594 8, 734 7, 255 2,196 29, 564
Germanyseeoceascna ea ce secant 111, 137 35, 791 157, 331 46, 311 283, 775
ital Waser cise ewes ein eatin 7,449 2, 338 2, 831 825 24, 981
Nie thenland ste seen cece een onieaaeelow oe betee'| Reet aieeeee: 1, 558 400 2, 410
Portugal 761
INUIT cboaababOnO ese SoneOr 1, 280
Spares ee see ssc ceclisscicioswteis ae 12, 353
United Kingdom—
SB oo tn deere tatinaia stein aia 170, 698 51, 544 79, 125 22, 646 502, 149
Som Hid | ouospacesecadecsagrsacdecr 26, 486 Te Us 42, 309 12, 054 128, 026
Motaleburopere ese ar. -- ie 338, 163 104, 305 | 305, 501 88, 741 991, 964
America : i
QweleaG eiaal Omirnavea sncusassecadsoal scores sess becendosas 1, 092 255 255
WIGEOIOD -penaecoqucapoaanone saaenepe 1, 854 637 1,477 87 2, 384
WentralbAmenicas--ss45-4- scenes se 175 HO: |eadecieosed ecoanopSas L250
LAVA o SoasbgoanobudGbonenopodede s4 Pococoo sre cosets tea bobassoras peooroccge 1, 275
TotaleAmericaso.s.-es> 92250826 2, 029 707 2, 569 342 5, 165
Asia and Australasia: ey,
BrigisheAMISUNAlASi as so see cess eis ees le eee | ea etatntnlae 34, 654 10, 364 10, 401
PAU opherisland sand portseesecaes ses |eseein alas |ee aco eet 62 20 333
Grandktotalesseessseeeee eaee 340,192 | 105,012 | 342,786 | 99, 467 1, 007, 863
Import duties on spermaceti.icThe import duties exacted on sperma-
ceti in various foreign countries are set forth in comparative form in
the appended compilation.
per cent ad valorem.
The tariff rate in the United States is 25
73. Statement of the approximate rates of duty exacted on epermaceti imported into various
foreign countries.
Countries. Due i Countries. Duty Be ie
Europe: || North America—continued.
Austria-Hungary. .-....-....--.------ $0. 58 IM(GxG] CO ees smi aeeeninicaes tee $7. 99
Belgium -.... Sodeobca=Hesopeongcconone Free. || Central America—
France— Wostapicaer crac as ote deet 1. 54
(GIANG Ie s so gonoecnoacHeoTeconoceodoeT . 439 Guatemala. soasse55-5-056 02 = 5.51
IPressedec: c=. 5-esc< : . 875 LONGUE aASY. + aos sceeenee es ees 1. 86
ROTM COs seas ae sae 1.317 | Salvador! ao-2acheseeeceescene 4.40
Genmianygerce setae sete ese aera - 322 West Indies—
GreadteBritginenssaceeoscsemcr cee emece Free. Maiti ss joc nen neste coos sees . 65
Greece pete cas ccctemiae tee eeiemiainnieemle 138. 59 IPWertO RICO) == sseieclesie es eile 1. 89
IUEINY coaecée saocococnqedstecunubocaSss Free. || South America: x
5 p. ct. AU enitini dan ceiscier setae ae ere ieee = 8.75
INGuberland sea eee nena a eeeeeest | ad val. Rolie
INDIAN EN esse soccoop ccnp asuososaorosne= 485 (OILS) =n oosoopes sbsbongobede 4. 63
TR oe shone coaceoso Bausesccders 1.079 IRC EG ee Soene seceseenooes se 6. 61
eine EEC SegHOBE COE. SacUCpEEE eccaena 1.29 (IBrazilee domes soos tice cscs seis 9. 90
SiG. oo=dgnceunncpaancononoceenesen5- 1.75 Chile—
Sato ZONLATICiec occa ciclo alee leisieic’e eilelel=isi= . 04 (OrsO GY paeccococesoceesseseaca5 8. 30
North America: Es ; uel pat pees e- Samisiseanasces ue aa
ach: GUCZTEIB ere ceeiacmmctcisecmnecee :
(amad at eee es ase Fea ks oo eek ; ap eet
536 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
XII.—_W HALEBONE.
General trade.—The foreign trade in whalebone is almost entirely of
an export nature, only a small quantity being imported into this coun-
try. During recent years the quantity exported has averaged about
150,000 pounds annually, with a valuation of about $4 per pound.
During the twenty-six years ending June 30, 1894, the exports aggre-
gated 5,307,203 pounds, valued at $10,295,706. The largest quantity
exported in any one of those years was 405,396 pounds in 1869, but the
greatest value was $799,042 in 1888. From 1821 to 1894, inclusive,
55,215,494 pounds of whalebone, valued at $31,803,573, have been
exported, as shown in Table 20, on page 464-465. The exports were
most extensive from 1844 to 1860, the quantity exceeding 1,000,000
pounds annually. The exports in 1853 were 2,825,069 pounds, valued
at $1,063,705, and in 1857, 2,042,390 pounds, worth $1,307,322. The
exports from 1791 to 1820, inclusive, as compiled from Pitkin’s Statistics,
and shown in Table 19, on page 462, amounted to 2,942,848 pounds, with
an estimated value, at 20 cents per pound, of $588,570. This givesa
total of 58,158,342 pounds, worth $32,392,143 of domestic wholebone
exported from 1791 to 1894, inclusive.
Table 74 shows in detail the extent of the whalebone trade during
the twenty-six years ending in 1894.
74. Statement of the foreign trade in whalebone during each year from 1869 to 1894,
inclusive.
Imports for consumption.
Manu- Domestic exports.
Year Unmanufactured. factures| Total. Excess of
ending of. exports
June 30—} OT
Average Average | Ports:
Pounds.) Values. |value per| Values.| Values.| Pounds.} Values. |value per
pound. pound.
IG) ness se 3, 030 | $962 $0. 32 $381 | $1,343 | 405, 396 $384, 435 $0. 95 $383, 092
1K) Soacae 1,135 332 528) Wostoaasce 332 | 386, 728 343, 937 . 89 343, 605
USGI somece 748 309 oN poonssose 309 | 353, 742 251, 562 Sufi 251, 253
1972 eee 20,635 | 1, 416 .07 | 1,644] 3,060 | 172,889 137, 855 . 80 134, 795
US Sees = 2) 9, 000 4, 622 -51 418 5, 040 324, 653 329, 214 1.01 324, 174.
Cy eee 8, 700 4,921 -o7 829 5,750 | 114, 530 115, 098 1. 00 109, 348
UVa) SoboGe 3, 247 2, 034 - 63 1, 638 3,672 | 251, 572 291, 165 1.16 287, 493
IY Geos 10, 673 10, 598 -99 79 10, 677 154, 500 215, 327 1.39 204, 650
UGCWA/ ssaSoe 1, 880 1, 379 -73 851 2, 230 71, 708 160, 666 2. 24 158, 436
Us} Gegess 1, 982 666 - 34 734 1, 400 154, 016 264, 980 1.72 263, 580
1 WAS ese 2, 823 3, 355 a9 741 4, 096 78, 322 199, 753 2.55 195, 657
ets) Socace 10,506 | 138, 337 1. 27 190 | 13,527 | 131,332 255, 847 1.95 242, 320
UGS Iie elo 5, 620 5, 507 - 98 107 5,614 | 227,117 326, 400 1.44 320, 786
ee oooane 10, 892 2, 822 - 26 9 2,831 | 220, 787 325, 333 1.47 322, 502
IER esaak 3, 657 1, 824 - 50 2, 863 4,687 | 326, 835 599, 550 1. 83 594, 863
BSE 32, 709 29, 438 . 90 902 30, 340 92, 653 319, 508 3.45 289, 168
CEH Sosees 18,787 | 32, 568 1.73 1,144 | 33,712 188, 482 470, 039 2.49 436, 327
Ue cesses 14, 696 12, 614 . 86 2, 069 14, 683 165, 436 385, 058 2. 33 370, 375
HS coqoos 10, 172 6, 579 . 65 1,126 7,705 | 173, 452 523, 267 3. 02 515, 562
1eR9)eenee 215 382 1.78 | 1,326] 1,708| 318, 056 799, 042 2.51 797, 334
Uist) omaoce 11, 029 195179 1.74 402 19, 581 261, 555 762, 464 2.92 742, 883
NO sesso 19,097 | 23, 295 1.22 33 | 23,328] 190, 484 705, 500 3.70 682, 172
1M eso 75 168 2. 24 1, 341 1, 509 159, 322 717, 230 4.50 715, 721
892 aes 608 563 - 93 3,017 3,580 82, 797 427, 462 5.16 423, 882
1893 Rese 11 25 2.27 4, 756 4,781 | 148, 130 543, 045 3. 67 538, 264
Soa eerie 640 669 1.04 1, 523 2, 192 152, 709 441, 969 2.89 439, 777
Total...| 202, 567 | 179,564 |........-- 28, 123 | 207, 687 |5, 307, 203 | 10, 295, 706 |...... .---| 10, 088, 019
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES. 537
Notwithstanding the large domestic product of whalebone, small
quantities are imported into this country each year, being entered free
of duty. The whalebone imported is not so good in quality as that
exported, the average value per pound of the former being only about
one-half the latter. The imports of whalebone during the twenty-six
years ending in 1894 amounted to 202,567 pounds, worth $179,564, or
less than 4 per cent of the domestic exports.
Exports of whalebone by countries—The exports of whalebone are
principally to Germany, France, and England, the Netherlands and Bel-
gium receiving smaller quantities. Of the 1,840,423 pounds exported
during the ten years ending June 30, 1894, 973,001 pounds, or over 50
per cent, went to Germany; 620,785 pounds, or 34 per cent, to France;
while all the countries of Europe received 1,858,947 pounds, or 99.92
per cent. The following statement shows the exports to each foreign
country during the ten years ending June 30, 1894:
75. Statement by countries of the domestic exports of whalebone during the ten years ending
June 30, 1894,
1885. 1886. 1887. 1888.
Countries to which EX i _ Love) Pah
exported. Pounds. | Values. | Pounds.) Values. | Pounds.| Values. | Pounds. | Values.
Europe:
BIER sqanoscesaoosoods|locoab0Ead|badoodosd|h50Gea555||sesceuede|pooudecnd boorddsec 125 $350
Men aries ser cs sss ssaeee alesse con elle eecice cree 294 S71 Gaialpacerecisaiececineeine 77 261
Hino land eeeeseeresi=tri= ey 20, 330 | $40, 408 6, 840 15, 702 14, 688 | $44, 776 28, 344 67, 108
Mn an COpasjeeniessincics cen 85,198 | 231,118 77, 816 | 189, 374 75, 379 | 231,450 | 109, 281 276, 225
Germany eceo ee eee ces 82, 767 | 197, 924 80, 286 | 178, 719 82, 267 | 243, 605 | 168, 594 427, 459
Netherlands ....... Reeerer= 157 459 200 | 500 1, 065 3,195 | 10, 704 25, 178
Total Europe.....-.-. 188, 452 | 469,909 | 165,436 | 385,058 | 173, 399 523, 026 317, 125 796, 581
America: ae ‘
Nova Scotia, New Bruns-
WACK |OtC=co2aocis maccmies|oaccecnics lseeueetee. afaja\e'aiaielata| ajaiais's afeiaie| Sistas aeiaaie | aici 9 27
Quebec, Ontario, etc... --- 5 GID" eaneceod bem Jacond Keasesossel teoses PEA Pee need benccossc
(Cie so do sn GceoSoecoon oud boscmopenel boccebacd Gooasoese sasasoses 53 241 922 2, 434
Colombia ...... wae cleletersrs 25 0s Geeepoecs Seisce cece Seaeeecrs MAS Seeman Sameer namo eco
Total America.....-. 30 150) teers [near 53 241| 931 | 2, 461
Grand total.......--. 188, 482 | 470,039 | 165,436 | 385,058 | 173,452 | 523,267 | 318,056 | 799, 042
1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.
Countries to which
exported. Pounds.} Values. | Pounds. Values. | Pounds.| Values. | Pounds.) Values.
Europe: |
18 Faro hte Genepoonaoanoans 2,196 $6, 272 3,124 | $11, 345 3, 429 | $18, 800 1, 190 $4, 350
ION ANG ee Seneeoeneoosadd 43,198 | 113, 407 2, 936 9, 975 16, 974 67, 086 3, 365 14, 863
INVANCE > 2-3-3255 = 5 > soe 63, 085 | 202, 847 46,828 180,363 35, 957 | 163, 902 27, 183 145, 691
Germany o--2-------= == 140, 637 | 400,574 | 126,519 464, 951 95, 631 | 434, 672 47, 234 242, 065
Netherlands ...........-.- 12, 263 38, 869 11, 052 38, 806 eater 32, 516 3, 782 20, 278
Total Europe ..-...-- 261, 279 | 761,969 | 190,459 | 705, 440 | 159,266 | 716,976 | 82,754 | 427,247
America: a
Nova Scotia, New Bruns-
THe <<) G1) neadias coscoobs| jabeccoord Seqccaced lssoococed boOOsbobd| SosOsbobd bOpoDBObe 5 19
WIGS aGy Sosc eSe Sun Eee BEood Sb aeecone lecopocccs ISeoeSneod Ian nGeebad Sascenocd Apaaconcc 6 30
Santo Domingo......-..-- 6 113} eSescossc|bosooedes| bnccocees|lbesoossos jcosSoscce|-ccosssse
Culiatencceoccseeotscc ce 160 449 25 60 56 254 20 110
Sra ziluermecicinc ceriee css 10 AU ass Falpasecuecel beaccoardlseésoposse 12 56
Total America....--- 176 495 | 25 60 56 254 43 215
Grand total.......--- 261,555 | 762,464 | 190,484 | 705,500 | 159,322 | 717,230 | 82,797 | 427,462
538
75.
June 30, 1894—Continued.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Statement by countries of the domestic exports of whalebone during the ten years ending
1893. 1894. Total.
Countries to which exported. i
Pounds. | Values. | Pounds. | Values. Pounds. Values.
Europe:
Tei) Feat dae) soeeSadeonadagacoqROODENeCC $5, 846 1, 157 $3, 600 12, 786 $50, 563
WMGMIMaN Kes cece sek cee een oe eee onl aan setaten citi eisecl sie ete separ |e oeinetetses 371 1, 024
I Biya! Cosson osoccossecoonaosSceos if 61, 032 8, 002 | 9, 091 154, 742 443, 448
ILAN CO ease hese ove octesseeeaee je 164, 595 55, 423 | 156,359 620,785 | 1,941,924
Germanyeree-eeereee ieee -eee 76, 905 278, 114 72, 161 215, 750 973, 001 3, 083, 833
INetherlan dslsccsecerecies cre Socnud0n 9, 940 33,349 | 20,824 56, 558 77, 262 249, 708
— | —s | ————— oe
otalUb uno pes: aaa - eases =e 148,110 | 542,986 | 152,567 | 441,358 | 1,838,947 | _ 5, 770, 500
———|; a
America: al =e
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, etc. - 4 Si Roadecusac souowamiee 18 64
Quebec, Ontario, etc.-.....------.--- 16 91 108 492 129 613
IGS EAN. Soososdoqososecsa noaeesceDos||co Hopoosedllacad Aneeac 8 25 14 55
Sinutab Ve) 5 oeees uo osooognD bd pconede cso baossecesdjsocenceasc||scqeccsanos 6 13
(Of hendn a see onedecoebadeeoomeEeas| Wsasonenda boonocoose 26 94 1, 262 3, 635
1 Al See aa RSet Oe noc AER EROS noa bocecacnad seecdonaensa| lsaqoncdeno locepdoasas 22 96
Colombiaieecene see csainee sciences teceeeenes JEsaoabeces||sqsan0sec¢ Jn--ce----- 25 100
TovalPAmMenicdesceee teesecsesee 20 | 109 142 | 611 1, 476 4, 576
Grand total: ise we lk eee 148,130 | 543,045 | 152,709 | 441,969 | 1,840,423 | 6, 775, 076
Import duties—The import duties exacted on whalebone in various
foreign countries are shown in Table 76. This article has been admitted
free of duty into the United States since 1873, previous to which time
a duty of 20 per cent ad valorem was imposed.
76. Statement of the approximate rates of duty exacted on whalebone imported into various
foreign countries.
. Duty per : Duty per
Countries. 100 Ibs. Countries. 100 Ibs.
Europe: || North America:
Austria-Hungary............... $0. 725 (CeinAG Ey sot bopeccosddodscobccsos 20 p. et. ad val.
1B el Sarina eee ee ee aac ees 5 p. ct. ad val. ING PSKE@) cad sabossodsuccécuccess $2. 40
Der SS cohbnngacsasgoDeEEne 9. 066 Central America:
France: Costa RiCae. sase oe nina 11. 90
LOC DER She danoaosanosooebEdaDS Freo. Guatemala..---.-----..-25-:- 6.53
Ipnepare disse eeeeree= seer eee eee 8. 75 ANI Carag Ua ee eee ilcemeeeeiaee 18. 64
(CC GORNNy cecossneodéhecuseersooee Free Salvador... -.... ee eeccecee= 12, 04
Greatebritaineesesoccrceer cere Free West Indies:
Italy: Cuba—
Unmanufactured ...........-- Free. IROWEI «Ae scadenadooongHo0es 63. 00
Manufactured) 22) ---s=sci-me 7. 003 Rolishedeees-s-ecsee ore esas 109. 20
Netherlands senses esos ee pas 5 p. ct. ad val PuertoiRic0ses- 426-222 caee 63. 00
INORWENoGoosdocmaasoecooecadaace ree. Santo Domingo.........-.--- 7, 92
IU Mie osopscocsnsgoucsqo0odSade 2. 85 South America : }
Switzerland: Bolivia—
Raw or stripped -.-........-.- . 344 IB@HEO oosoasanoccacosoctece 2. 64
Holighedtae-ecccrcicecerecssee 1. 403 Manufactured -....-.---... 16. 53
LY NAU ocqoecdodcocuctcoasnDeoce 6, 44
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES. 539
XIII. FISH SOUNDS AND ISINGLASS.
Imports.—Large quantities of fish sounds are used in the United
States for clarifying beers, wines, ete., for the best grades of mucilage,
and to a small extent for food purposes; but only during the last thirty
years has any use been made of the domestic product. Isinglass is
now made from the sounds of many varieties of American fishes, but
principally from hake, sturgeon, cod, and squeteague or sea trout. The
domestic yield of fish sounds amounts to about 200,000 pounds annually,
but the market requires over twice this amount, necessitating a large
importation each year. This importation ranges from 200,000 pounds
to over 425,000 pounds annually. During the ten years ending June
30, 1894, the smallest imports were 199,571 pounds in 1894, and the
largest 442,229 pounds in 1891. The total imports for consumption
during that period amounted to 3,402,769 pounds, an annual average
of 340,277 pounds. These figures do not include the imports of fish
sounds in the form of glue, of which from 5,000 to 100,000 pounds are
received annually. The quantity and value of fish sounds and glue
imported for consumption during the twenty-six years ending in 1894
are shown in the following table:
77. Statement of the imports for consumption of fish sounds and fish glue into the United
States from 1869 to 1894, inclusive.
Fish sounds or fish bladders. Fish glue or isinglass. Total.
Year ; =
ending Average | Average Average
June 30— | Pounds. | Values. | value per) Pounds.| Values.) value per| Pounds. | Values. | value per
pound. pound. pound.
USED crtateisia| sos cacleie s/c] st esis eicses|snscecsicss jocoseesse|éscoshoos Jnceeeeeee a@17, 438 $8, 719 a$0. 50
TOTO Sa oen|(essc ose s. |---2--2e2-|--- eee eee loovcogecd|ooscasece locosodosss a 16, 178 8, 089 a.50
IRCA 6.555 5G 2| eee ees See ee ee ae Aaa pee Bean Gace Pesecieses seers 13, 084 6, 542 a.50
1 PS eon ecesedse lpaaoacaood loocobeadaT Hess Cee ae ome cle aes eee a56, 874 28, 437 a. 50
STS rere ciselteenss sae Jocscasessslossasnesc- (BAaRe ce AR SAEAOSS eee saAceen a@247, 500 | 123, 750 a.50
ETE oe come limesech Gor laene bse Seep aedele boron eeG Sac rneeee seemercrne 187, 384 96, 244 - 46
Ake y tie aera jpncsocoosd | bacéasooossscnoseane Isooscsesellseaseaséolesssacocee 117, 909 52, 401 oO
SMG eee sae) o2.25 BCG Cee Con eee ere Jnncboabaullesesssesaoescccsasd 78, 552 42, 322 -44
eH) « soo ded| lGpcoarones Sree sors GHA ce Dopse OSE ceeed oreAnoece | es aemee 75, 267 32, 236 . 58
Teli} a, be al Re eTocs Seite eee See nen Sense neee) Semen bee anne 159, 844 104, 552 - 43
INIA) Sa osoels soca seo eta loceceeee rs lIseasooonedbesbsocss| Gooscouss|Pandacosee 287, 625 | 202, 765 - 66
MBS Oe Nereis aeercjerscaye erate atneiay Jopeqedcocarlogdobacas| honsaston|bcoubceece 330, 719 198, 025 y(t
to Se Sen ced RoSeeoetrs asonocere. eee BE ATSciCoe | SRA boRodd-aemeceos 393, 801 | 243, 239 - 60
MBS Z ian sana anc eee eens Mos etait BEE eochoe Bes sat abl seca bo aee 289, 165 169, 148 - 62
VERSA Mace license Jc||s oct See Al SSCs Sar oo cen Setoca eos neesececes 304, 991 189, 575 - 59
S84 oc 270, 822 | $92, 914 $0.34 | 72,504 | $36,310 $0.50 | 343,326 | 129, 224 -38
nt) Seecoes 341,483 | 121, 201 . 36 59,178 | 45, 104 -76 | 400, 661 166, 305 -42
1886s 424, 430 144, 652 ~ 34 57, 483 37, 132 . 65 481, 913 181, 784 «38
SBT hese 380,445 | 124, 050 .33 | 132,176 | 61,612 -47 | 512, 621 185, 662 .36
It Aeceaaa 434, 440 141, 388 -33 | 78,379 | 35, 455 -45 | 612,819 | 176, 843 - 34
N889e-_-...|) 356, 740 93, 626 -26 | 18,757 | 18,676 1.00 | 375, 497 112, 302 -30
I aocee 279, 932 51, 202 .18 6, 306 11, 984 1.90 | 286, 238 63, 186 222
USO secon 442, 229 94, 130 yal 18,222 | 17,976 -99 | 460, 451 112, 106 - 24
Te jee sone 300, 283 62, 351 21 18,957 | 13, 742 -98 | 314, 240 76, 093 .24
1808 A425=5- 243, 216 57, 884 24 36,890 | 16,314 44 280, 106 74,198 -26
abe) aera | 199; 571 36, 375 .18 5, 352 5, 934 1.11 | 204, 923 42, 309 -21
Notal= {|e Giavool MAOC iis lessee sees | 499, 204 | 300, 239 |...-...-.. 6, 743, 626 |2, 826, 056 |........ ee
|
a Estimated.
- It appears from the foregoing table that the average value per pound
of imported fish bladders, or sounds, has decreased almost constantly,
In 1885 it was 36 cents; in 1889 it had decreased to 26 cents, and in
1894 it was only 18 cents per pound.
540 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Imports of sounds by countries.—The largest imports of fish sounds
are from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick; England, Venezuela, Den-
mark, Brazil, Russia, and India also supply sounds for the United
States market. Comparatively few of the sounds from England are
obtained in the fisheries of that country, the butk of the shipments com-
ing from Russia, India, and other countries. The following table shows
the imports from each country during the four years ending June 30,
1894, the custom-house returns not showing by countries the quantity
imported prior to July 1, 1891:
78. Statement by countries of the imports of fish sounds into the United States during the
four years ending June 50, 1894.
hives A : 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894.
Countries from which
imported. Pounds.| Values.| Pounds.| Values.| Pounds.| Values. |Pounds.| Values.
Europe:
IDET Ab ApeododboSsSAS 55,188 | $5,679 | 33,077 | $4,135 4,191 $530 | 11,527 $1, 191
Mngland eesseessseee sae 98, 582 26, 350 71, 130 17, 238 63, 798 13, 730 55, 896 17, 464
MN PAIVOG) suoasoooseSduosaus|bosassood|\copesccnc 396 LVilipeeedanec ponccoead boossoosd bssceccs:
Germany neceeceeaeraeai 6, 034 1, 374 eveal 231 2,546 398 173 14
taliyine-seeececeee cece eae 84 To SeSeerere |eeeecdac 7 2 219 10
Netherlands - . alee ticleas mires 466 BY |leeaceccaclsooooD dad Soosedaccdllecce “ae
IRUSSia eee eee ose eee 55,994 | 12,045 | 11,197 2, 827 216 349). 2%5)= teil eeee
Sweden and Norway...-. 495 Wii) lodaaccecolemsasso55 449 89 214 38
Total Europe ..-.--.. 216, 377 45, 562 | 117, 977 24, 585 71, 207 15, 098 68, 029 18, 717
North America: a | 7 it fi E # by
Nova Scotia, New Bruns-
WAG HOG saacaoubaoaoas 120, 128 21,637 | 126,754 | 26,946 82, 049 14, 704 87, 601 10, 306
Quebec, Ontario, etc.....- 535 366 360 188 31 36 45 23
IMO XI COC seem cence cee 356 OE aS eee neice See (sects Ustictelleqreciaeisiee 530 104
53 NL Oe ethene en eae Ce | Be seen 3, 411 899 oo tere clos nocccdl eee
(Oily pe svnobocoounnousGod aosccdasdlasuvocecd 20 5 225 22 1, 664 82
South America:
SVAN es aaa Sooaoabbudeasde T5tb3s 3, 653 3, 180 735 37, 444 16,496 | 9, 664 1, 266
MViONOZUM Cl aveciceaieeie alee 83, 432 21, 520 34, 948 7, 817 42, 344 9, 923 33, 487 5, 912
Total America..-..-- 219,984 | 47, 287 | 168, 673 | 36, 520 | 162, 0938 41,181 | 132, 941 17, 693
Asia and Oceanica: ‘ ‘ ener i i | % —
HEVOTIOIKON Sere areola sine 20 4 50 8 451 MW eepsectodlsesosoc =:
British East Indies ...--- 8, 044 1, 774 5, 020 1,196) 485587 1, 498.) ...2<2/0.| eee
Total Asia and Oce- iF
PRONE, soneccoooucGon 8, 064 1, 778 5, 070 1, 204 9, 0388 1,:605, |... =: see|Seeeee eee
Grand total .....- _...| 444, 425 |. 94,627 | 291,720 | 62,309 | 242,338 | 57,884 | 200,970 | 36,410
Total. Average
Countries from which imported. value per
Pounds. Values. pound.
Europe:
HI!) STAT Ts kCiate al otetatalain(miatayalntateletain n’aiatata’aiete(ateta/n(a’s mtalatajetare statsiavata'a!aiateys S5aci9 103, 983 $11, 535 $0. 110
Hing land eras sae = a. seo seae spleen a Seeinine Geicie oietein e ase tee sete stalalar = 289, 406 74, 782 259
rane sasse = 396 97 - 245
Germany - 10, 464 2,017 - 193
tallyeee seers 310 30 - 097
INIGGHEIATIO Soe Sees eee ee cee eee pee nee naa a ane ae I am 466 57 122
Russial(BalipiczandwvVshiceiseas)iesee een eee ene sees ceeee eee ara 67, 407 15, 221 - 226
Sweden and Norway ....... sogon doco cassnadsoquocSdunenoodsaooaC 1, 158 223 - 184
MotaleMuropens sess sone eelsocmecice aaa ee eee eee 473, 590 103, 962 . 220
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES.
541
78. Statement by countries of the imports of fish sounds into the United States during the
four years ending June 50, 1894—Continued.,
Total. Average
Countries from which imported. value per
Pounds. Values. pound.
North America : F
INO Va SCOLLA NG WHO ROUS WICK, | OGG s/<'aaoeee
ABBA aces 3 PAG Steps |lecaaaesoss 124, 269 08485 ee ee eee 239, 231 46, 341 1925890) | Peete
S83 meee 213; 296) |Postecso 8. 178, 789 22 958M veers 296, 254 15, 148 AMM oe ooucce
SSa eee PPA SG be ooeocese 163, 344 22, 455 15, 868 | 258, 639 95, 311 2303285 saeeee ee
S85 eens: AO 516i peep eee 190, 785 12, 223 11, 281 164, 080 63, 898 LOOM 325 2eseeeee
USSG eeceees PANTIES ol Yall eos 161, 696 15, 232 22, 650 245, 848 8, 183 Pela) Wap consion
ICTY essere | 19689845) 525s ace 196, 437 14, 899 15, 916 228, 799 UGTA PPA Pe scnnco
sty casocee WAQ NOS ON eee eee ae 114, 457 10, 824 18, 476 17&, 839 11, 136 1677037) eee
18S Oe. 20872000 |sa=seeeeee 94, 495 10, 058 11, 499 279, 763 25243 Peay AUN seo
B90 ae PActeHitets) ll SqURoeonee 166, 778 17, 162 34, 607 340, 654 4, 635 338040190 eeeeeee
Asi) We eheereges 506, 723 $8, 593 151, 114 20, 089 108, 171 638, 576 1, 500 CBG UAD ees cose
1892 Pere = 886, 191 11,372 } 220, 131 23, 869 195, 104 |1, 116, 5386 GOON LE 10359270 Beare
S935: = 1, 270, 811 51, 616 139, 260 15, 412 283, 842 |1, 621, 681 33, 033 |1, 588, 648 |.--.----
E94 eee. 643, 251 2, 507 149, 708 13, 0138 378, 381 |1, 037, 152 74,328 | “962;.824 |. Soe.
Total..'7, 180,264 | 69, 088 |2, 808,227 | 294,347 |1, 145, 447 |8,690,146 | 464,722 |8,234,606| 9,182
Imports of shells by countries.—Of the $643,549 worth of shells entered
at United States custom-houses during the year ending June 30, 1894,
$291,691, or 45 per cent, came from England;
from French Oceanica; $44,822, or
$28,473 from Mexico.
country during the four years ending in 1894.
food
$224,757, or 35 per cent,
i per cent, from Colombia; and
The inhabitants of some of the Pacific islands
depend almost entirely on their export of marine shells.
The subjoined compilation shows in detail the value of the unmanu-
factured shells, other than mother-of-pearl, imported from each foreign
not indicate the origin of the shells imported previous to 1891:
The customs returns do
85. Statement by countries of the value of unmanufactured shells, other than mother-of-pearl,
imported into the United States during each of the four years ending June 30, 1894.
Countries from which imported. 1891. 1893. 1894.
Europe: |
FATIS tPA MUNG ALY) clears cisiniaiste ayers ieisis aetna ee isle senile ea $3, 616 $7, 724 $9, 281 $3, 260
roland eee wees sete Ant Sens Ey EAE E SRE ae 274,316 | 622, 502 814,036 | 291, 691
INPAN CO se Scale Sec ac iin ack see cine ee Ot see eee eae 8, 280 34, 243 50, 176 12, 125
Germany sess e cca eth sees Ne ae Oe er ROE be 12,810 19, 604 29, 612 244
UL ealliy tre Sele Ae ret eee a ee 2 Oar re ret a ene 148 311 54
Netherland 862. co caeaca sc biee cee amine aetleatan doe eemerne 5, 604 4,107 8, 585 3, 257
MotalBuropess=ssessse cee et eee ee secre Gee ee ore eine 304, 628 | 688, 328 912, 001 310, 631
North America:
INS LAO ee ee NE GALE ea CRIN ea ee SSNs 3 5,819 | 46, 286 30, 256 28, 473
Central American States—
GostaiRica. 22s Aaie See oa Eee Eee en ) 4 1, 084 1, 214
Mondurass lh: cosa eek d fac s SLA eee a eae eee SD ile 1, 578 | 613 172
INTOHTAP UAT ah cise het hiee oak eee eee ee eee 4 2 1,519 1, 605
ag
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES.
547
85. Statement by countries of the value of unmanufactured shells, other than mother-of-pearl,
imported into the United States during cach of the four years ending June 30, 1894—Cout’d.
Countries from which imported.
North America—continued.
Santo Domingo
Puerto Rico
Brazil
China
French Oceanica
Philippine Islands
Hawaiian Islands
French
PAUOUHErHIS Anas and POLtS saeco cece cece receseseeeins< = se
Grand total
Imports for consumption
1891. | 1892. 1893. 1894,
Renee rane $133 $97 $60
$13,658 | 9, 215 | 9, 249 3, 150
4,798 7, 797 3, 200 4.716
fy Rea ay cad Vie NN 100
358 795 | 8400) hase
2,134 | 3,000 | 3,152 1,712
3, 234 | 2, 194 | 3, 197 2, 328
eter meet enc Je eh ap 411
32,818 | 70, 998 60, 859 43, 941
Wachee) Ae ON Cae een ad 19
20,090 | 28, 172 31, 699 44, 822
meee e ee eee EE etme a habia eee hen a eS
20,090 | 28, 192 31, 699 44, 841
Peli fewe te OB eed ts. thie 3
3,326 | 11,341 6, 135 5, 466
8,746 | 11, 650 5352 167
123 156 18 320
891 1,349 3, 51d 1, 488
er ee Or Tears MPmpiece toot 2) 945
in ite 154 2, 780 3, 304
132,965 | 65,256 236,521 | 224° 757
Bette Maa ase cen ta | eee aa 479
PEO BUN Ga OT INE SIGIR a 3
146,051 | 92, 678 254,320 | 238, 962
9 | 24 999);'| ie Aeaee
Doce SN ete wae | Res eee | 100
2, 708 3, 763 $11 2, 065
Gael Seay 1, 810 2, 165
932 | 2,300 8,830) 2,809
507,236 | 886,283 | 1,269,519 | 643, 349
506,723 | 886,191 | 1,270,811 | 643,251
86. Statement by countries of the imports of manufactures of shells, including mother-of-
pearl, during each year from 1891 to 1894, inclusive.
Countries from which imported.
Europe:
Austria-Hungary......... ananbocMagodaboLAdasadee Sones
Belgium
England
GaN C Oper cerem aati te ieisinie oes case epltiscss hoes eeca.s ace A
Germany
Turkey
otal Haro pepeeeeeinesen ss tes sess enone PSS epee |
North America:
1891. 1892. 1893. 1894.
$10, 668 $35, 686 | $157,379
8 57 13
44, 026 25, 469 25, 208
109, 800 177, 473 136, 487
14, 437 19, 301 29, 523
Li ks ed 1, 367 1, 766 11, 340
Seen e Tita 50 87 | 27
Lon malas a Fe 2,511 2, 745 | 3, 223
rene 23 836 45
11,440 | 182, ss0 263,420 | 363, 245
|
panne | 57 257 | 50
Peet eee 89 268 | 99
ids AE a 12 196; |52 $16
Maat Nd 6s-— British see emanate septate ercine stints tere aie | Sie reisre te ase resets ate er elall eletcraehe ae 670
SIO NRO YE: spose coseos ser obcdnboegssadSh seosscodbegnaseae||lscancecacc $12 $177 138
UEP ep ngosaasso0ns conocosesbessogessogeacEasasesdes scallesdecnosec 779 625 1, 896
Man ee yoo eee eee eee ene pec eee e cores oscece met ecaine BSescnenes 987 1, 608 2,976
LEME), OCs cocboseate occa siecoat ence soseupnogesucna||Ssccasvone|lSseanccan- 204 |... saseee
JAN oyhagre mbreils Mineo S26 h5e 50555 doses sao ncee see se|(bSooesocac 69 30 127
(Ghramyil (ini ost de aonoaseerceodcnSosoecnoasesscoameos $11,440 | 185, 883 267, 246 369, 836
The imports of mother-of-pearl, not cut or manufactured, were first
separately classified in 1891, and from the following table it appears
that most of these are received from England, with occasionally large
imports from the Netherlands, France, Germany, ete.
87. Statement by countries of the imports of mother-of-pearl, not cut or manufactured,
during each of the four years ending June 50, 1894.
Countries from which imported. 1891. 1892. 1893 1894.
iba baal cen de ocogassSangcanone spe onepbecnpacsesecussoc0s0o00= $2,177 $4,641 | $27,014 $2, 507
TR ATYOG So Soon ecu pose ear oenoseecanespeSbacSes coe SeoncusocosllooaposGunS 5746) | Sco eee Cece
(GOnMPY so ccoteee sb Sooo s soso sede s Seu scopa sas corodcosesseads|pasccoess|ssssacsece 2,231 | saecoesere
Wi NAA EM Se socdee aoe eeosadaso eC SoaroonceRbuu cacouespaboSs 16008 dose ese 22) 225) |aseseeaese
Olay ogo, Onur, Qi. shaesogc Asasdecoposdoocood saqudnesCUNdod||bSSkacasac 853) ica sok semicia| Geiseercteee
TSE i eR eh BS SN TB ape Dae es 3,777 | 11,240| 51,470| 2,507
Exports by countries.—The shells exported consist largely of abalone
shells from the Pacific coast, which are sent principally to England and
France. Table 88 shows the value of those exported to each foreign
country during the year ending June 30, 1894. The customs returns
do not show similar data for preceding years.
88. Statement by countries of the exports of unmanufactured shells from the United States
during the year ending June 50, 1894.
Countries. Value.
TENE) Socgoesescopm aod OF nb Sb ObeoUe OC eb OSG LeAnn esr SeqgOn CO Nase OESOSSGOUSOS An SooSdsassnca se $14, 980
(SRST 6 52 capes ossose / Ses cede ooo pes oes coposaaBeoosSsoMrcosbor aesouamUS aces SySeecsocesseS 5, 564
SOIT. 65 954 ed asosene desceou sua cosenadesdoceDeasbendscoSdrocmodeconoosessseoacdcoceseguccer 25
[Ona Ge oan. h5 55 8 ae osha S5sn As onae cobb ooo adeo ssa os conse soe secod sos ssenossdacceserss 51, 028
ONIGHIER o5c5 cab eB coe ane ne oonenoan Hossa SSecbaceduEse Sassen se sercscaser macmeacabassccoasesccc 137
INIGS TaD Aaa SOs Peas ee pete H BoB e deste SOF Beene ho Bmp ne oNGnESCdsHosoncdsosedcassenccot ect Scie 4
ASUS TWIGS UML TRCTOS oc 5 see es es ee oS ese aie et See aetna em fate ee ore aac Late te alee 1, 580
itil ony rin INGIEY 6 oa seek Soe sae eo saccade so scasobacsac~saccsednessesec Bee eeeietalalont: eo eioete 643
LPN AO ic obbeo ab HEE Ono oeobe meee sedeccoe cog ds-ccore pausbouccbneseasjsccmbocsteocosrobeDUSDoce: 367
TO tallest cae oe Sere Glens eeinree meeceiere iste sie ale cl ee eens ese me eat le aise ater te teter eee 74, 328
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES. 549
XVI.—MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES.
In addition to the aforementioned articles, there are several fishery
products that enter into our trade with foreign countries in small quan-
tities. Among these are ambergris, ambergris oil, coral, fish skins, seal
skins, seaweeds, etc. It remains to give a brief account of the extent
of the trade in these articles.
Ambergris and ambergris oil.—The quantity of ambergris and amber-
gris oil placed on the world’s markets annually is very small, rarely
exceeding 1,000 pounds. It is obtained principally by whale fisher-
men, and probably 20 per cent is secured by American vessels. Only
a sinall quantity is used in this country, most of the domestic production
being sent to Europe. Hach year, however, a small quantity specially
prepared is imported for use in the preparation of choice perfumery and
other purposes. The following table shows the imports for consumption
of these products from 1869 to 1894, inclusive:
89. Statement of the imports for consumption of ambergris and ambergris oil into the
United States from 1869 to 1894, inclusive.
| Ambergris. Ambergris oil.
| ,
. | Average | Average Total
Year ending June 30— | ud =
Pounds. | Values. | values Pounds. | Values. values | values.
per per |
| pound. | pound. |
| |
TIONS Ase eee hep ae ene ae eee ae Eile GOS ee ea eel [ew POR || eg ete |. Stare $1, 32s
TI Sedo Set GO crim nr a Me TION Poe eee. 0.33 $31 | $93.36 nea]
I A SS amore Hasso pes son SU MAS Sse aes | As 0d Gh a saoeeee 1.62 322 | 198.16 4, 368
TEV G) Seo SAS Aes ese Ss enenseaiccl peseneees GSA aes a weal Geen ate lena mhacia wes) Sere crenerse 5, 217
SAUNA ap ae Sr a mS A (tee CT BS PROOR ee seme tata 1. 87 706 377. 54 2, 406
TE occ OO aMO SECS CORES Cneel So Reat Bee) it deeoeaece 3. 90 745 191. 03 1, 439
TOV Sie eee se scl eek See e esse ee ee seceee QBy cet ate. iL 185 185. 00 278
SO eee eee Se Oe, SU ee hie 5 eee | EBT 7H [Se ey el Ie ee IRE eRe |Poeee Bee 3, 215
SCO ere eee eee fen oo te tal seems me a ltetea ec atamicme/sieelor 16. 06 2,962 | 184.43 2, 962
OBE ire cecleceterscte nicielee Seis) coasaeaen Bon aeeeeaos 6. 50 2, 462 378s te 2, 517
DESDE Rae noes roe scene leis ae acca DIAG (Sees ec sas aces eas] soem ee ehae Vee iclfeperarcie 5, 408
TGR pee he BE sas emcee So Hl che aig eo. Py seus SSea sooo: Ad | 390 | 886. 36 3, 105
SGA Reema ee mata ate ne See inicicte 18 4,015 | * $226. 20 25 | 92 369. 84 4,107
WOGH Sawer ro tee tee tee 47 5, 685 T2ON GG) Sas - SSE ess Sale eee 5, 685
GE 5.35 353 See aS ares 101 1, 673 16.17 50 | 175 350. 38 1, 848
Lae ORME Cae ery ena eae 23 2, 649 117. 42 6.13 | 542 88. 49 3, 191
TORS ie eee sea csc ec a ces 93 6, 774 VEMGH! \lWeessseerd beans catcs oesedodons 6, 774
BBO Ree see c coe caste Sots 437 5, 852 DSHBO? | SSeS ee Ha eae AS ae cite eee 5, 852
1890) Sep ec ee Ss awe 50 1, 454 29. 08 11. 23 2, 920 260. 00 4, 374
BON See eee eee sees cnccs 71 Suto 52. 55 8 1, 509 188. 63 5, 240
NBO s Hecke soe eis es ee oes 6 1, 288 226. 36 1.22 | 427 850. 00 a Alta
1808 Sas Senos tae acee ee aoe ee oe 26 (GTaiell Piling > ee ase = Ske eeeescned| Eooocedoes 6, 667
NGOS 5. Socs ceca wae ee eeicaine 37 Oo, LL2, ehowi i Petes ac eso ae eco Seb orarere 5, 112
otal’ 22 Hee se8 ae SSA se Sas sles. [BERS ee Se oeoce 59. 05 USF468 3s eee $3, 910
|
Coral.—Coral is obtained principally from the waters of the Mediter-
ranean Sea and by Italian fishermen. The most extensive markets are
Genoa, Leghorn, and Naples. No commercial coral is produced in the
United States. Twenty-five years ago this article was in great demand
for ornamental purposes, but at present it is not so highly esteemed in
America.
550 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
The imports of coral for consumption from 1869 to 1894, inclusive,
have been as follows:
90. Statement of the imports for consumption of coral into the United States from 1869 to
1S94, inclusive.
| == | ||
Not eut ‘ Not cut :
7 : ” | Cut, or, . >|) Cut, or
Year ending OVEN | eee: ee Yea: ending or un- | Deseret so
June 30— | manufac: | ae ee ng pe 0 manufac: spears Beer
| tured. spay tured. | ae
| | | |
IG). osdepandeceedas|llbaaqeseecd $22, 417 CPR Wakes weet enoesooe | $681 | $1,302 $1, 983
SO sece me ae ctelllesel= soccinlors 18, 975 USF OT DMN USS aee eraerersemee eit et te loacecoosse 158
Ty oe SeaSeois Brekaint) aera nee fee 37, 877 BUG IIIh dbetse cs becececoscoc emanosean os sonaaade 659
LGD. Ae estne seeeeae $83 59, 598 iets) hall hn eee se ee ena aaeocons lsocHaaheok 218
230 63, 805 640355] WSS iste ce eee see elle peer ets cssetnceysre 307
528 | 28, 152 287 GS0N MI SSS ee eee ee a [rere tote sl | rene ere entre 594
1, 278 33, 567 BASSAS WM BBOM eee ea ees ARASH |HoSaaTco Ss 461
109 33, 559 33/668) 18902 23 sade coo sel oseceeasee|| Seeman 531
718 28, 650 PACA tsi Maltet )] Lae eee ees eee oot Boos noac cr 213
Hepes 25667 1S SOLON 1892S eee aes 533 845 1, 378
147 M327 WATE BOSE oe a jacemteise ce 608 657 1, 265
62 5, 492 Geratay. OW ast rs oo et aoaicde 153 1, 758 bebe
89 2, 502 2, 591 a —
1, 474 669 2, 143 Total eee o=e Iseoseonace | edie cisieeyeier 374, 905
Fish skins.—Skins of various fishes, but principally of sharks, are
imported into the United States for use in arts and manufactures. They
come principally from England, but are originally obtained largely from
the Mediterranean Sea. The imports from 1869 to 1894, inclusive,
amounting in value to $4,333 are shown in Table 12, on page 449.
A large quantity of skins produced in the fisheries of the United
States are annually exported. Among these are alligator hides, por-
poise skins, etc. The customs-house returns, however, do not indicate
separately the quantity or value of these products exported. Small
quantities of fish skins have been exported during recent years, a state-
ment of the extent of which is given in Table 25, on page 468.
Seal skins.—Another important product of the United States fisheries
dependent on foreign countries is seal skins. The customs returns do
not classify this article separately, but the exports amount to at least
99 per cent of the domestic product. The San Francisco value of the
undressed skins produced in the United States fisheries in 1895 approx-
imated $659,000, and in 1894 about $600,000, Practically all of these
skins are sent to London to be dressed, and doubtless a large portion
of them are again imported into this country. When imported they are
listed with other furs, both of land and marine animals, and a separate
statement of the imports is impracticable.
Seaweeds.—The uses of marine plants as food and for manufacturing
and agricultural purposes are of more value than is generally supposed,
and doubtless capable of much greater development, especially in this
country. In France, China, and Japan numbers of people find profit-
able employment in collecting and preparing them.
In the United States large quantities of seaweeds are gathered from
along the shore for fertilizing the adjacent fields, but they are rarely
carried into the interior of the country. Irish moss (Chondrus crispus)
is gathered in small quantities on the coast of Massachusetts and sold
for culinary purposes and for sizing ealicoes, ete. Dulse (Rkhodymenia
palmata) is quite common on the New England coast, but is gathered
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES. yay
only to a very limited extent. Small quantities are imported each year
from the British Provinces and sold rough-dried, principally in the sea.
port towns. No doubt several important industries could be developed
in this country in gathering and preparing seaweeds.
The imports of seaweed and seaweed preparations during each year
from 1869 to 1894, inclusive, are shown in Table 12 on page 449.
XVII.—_APPENDIX.
A series of compilations is here presented, showing approximately
the rates of duty exacted on fishery products and fishing appliances
imported into various foreign countries. These data have been compiled
from the publications of the Bureau of American Republics and the
International Customs Journal, published by the International Customs
Tariff Bureau, Brussels, Belgium. The figures in certain instances given
in the first column are the numbers that the different items bear in the
original tariff enactments. In reducing to American equivalents, the
valuation on July 1, 1895, is adopted for fluctuating currencies.
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.
(General law of May 25, 1882, with alterations of law of May 21, 1887.)
[Florin = $0.32. Kilogram = 2. 2046 pounds. ]
Duty. Rate
No. Items. = per 100
Unit. tate. pounds.
51 Fish, fresh; river and creek crawfish; snails, fresh (by con- Florins.
MENON WirOG) ieee ae = sete ae se eise oie aie oe eee eeencceses 100 kilos ...--- 2.00 $0. 29
52 | Shellfish from the sea (i. e., oysters, lobsters, crabs); tur-
MLESHN OU PLE DP ALCO temeatemesease sees er see ee ears aee seek seas Gl) Sobcoce 25. 00 3. 62
59 Sponges: |
bau bit erand pDOMSOseceasescstee ase see se ees eee ee er aeeee eae Ghy cagscose 15. 00 2.17
(Qi Ee ScHSoos SoucbooKODeO LCOS UO QCTIC Se AoC OS O LOOM Ene Ae emHolssroe Oyi2eecece 60. 00 8.71
GS) |) Gye eNOS NS oe Spocacbocabosdncn GoUNOGUSBOHS a SASS AeBAReon eae ae OO Es cooqs | 4.00 .58
PHS NN OES Sem te aicioeene see coc eieinieciciecieeeis ceeds cae seme eae GW asceo0de 1.00 ELD)
SoyleHerrin es; saltedor smoked 23. 22-255 c0acicecsecccsscie cesses sees dO: cease 3.00 . 43
87 | Fish, not otherwise provided for, salted, smoked or dried
(ygconven iON 3 HOTINS) ser cite aleleta mae ere ie a alee at als are 5. 00 72
88 | Fish, prepared (pickled or preserved in oil, etc.), in casks... 15. 00 2.17
SOM EC Andante aa ao a tao acne es eaieaicie sia ae eee Omiccs 50. 00 7.24
92 | All eatables contained in boxes, jugs, cans, and bottles,
heute vicallhyasenl edie ese sce se ones see eae reese ea mesee seas dOeeoeee | 40. 00 5. 80
MOD m WAND OL OILS) seer eso eee arse iamaae como oe stetn sieve Seiler sieeleic a veiwiell emai dO eee 15. 00 2.17
ABURI WIM ALEDONOSS POR < 5-5 ota sac secs cc ccemcae eens oo cc cue estes Glo) Cocsos ee 5. 00 72
248 | Corals, prepared, i. e., ground, cut, or otherwise worked
upon; genuine pearls, not set, if not coming under fancy
ROOM SME ene wean casa saicae coe a ceecine Bee seesescee salar cic kyonnen cen 24. 00 3.48
ee PEO HUM PRUaG Kl Qe et eee en mafom Gerace ek osicsialecince oe selmaneote cube ce Saat CC pesaecease 50. 00 7.24
B2ON le Giluolotallikein dS sePeeaa sone ce sss peesecese seeece cesses we eccel cess Ov. 5 Shes 6. 00 . 87
Sis PS Per Mmaccti eam Glos meecn cena eyram'sc cer eccr cue seisce ce eiemrle ioe tha Oye cra tase 11. 00 1. 60
AZORES.
(The customs duties operative in the Azores are those of Portugal, in addition to
which there are certain municipal import duties. )
BELGIUM.
No. Items. Duty.
ean )
15 | Fish, including oysters and all preserved fish and shellfish ..-............-..-.---.------ | Free.
21 | Nets and other articles for sea fishing (such as fishhooks, cutlasses, blocks, tubs, axes, |
etc., necessary to fishermen) .........-- Beyahe spate te Sa ciclo ea eiae elope ajaeinie essen nae creas ae Se Do.
30 ee Pare ee iotaio nw Mae eters ie ae are Seats Seen ee ele eee ee eek ae ces cneweee ese Do.
552
DENMARK.
(Revised to December, 1894.)
[Kroner = $0.268. Pound —,}39°, United States pound.]
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Duty. Rate
No. Items. per 100
Unit. Rate. | pounds.
Kroner.
|| ARPS) a osSsSo0c accused uegau coUQD HQOeaoDenecodcosuEee sos SeseEsc 100 pounds. --. 0. 50 $0. 14
(F || Wows) (FAL, 55) Sonos Sudseoeaqesmabeo ono soebemoboSesceceserd||aasce CMess5o5c 33, 33 9. 06
22 | Fish:
JNbNAD Algo ess = aoosseeossosneore se sednobe cootes covode|acconcnsneassone Bree, 2.5525
Dried, smoked, salted, preserved, or spiced—
Anchovies, lampreys, salmon, sardines, caviar, mussels,
GaXl OSPR 6 = so rceca sn ol Onas dec cessep sco sedenbaseegac 100 pounds. --- 6. 25 1.70
OWA ECS cosonecssdecannoorosor Seuss cesseohosezonsaaealloosas OMiddodesns . 62 Slit
Iimihermetically;closedicansts sae = eee ee etal nie ee tle Geb ee5oc 14.58 3.96
Al |) Onley antorn Ou ereyaksreishoyereruncys ha Se eh ee ho seco soodaceseana||secds dom nseace 4,16 ial)
FRANCE.
(Tariff law of January 11, 1892.)
[Frane = $0.193. Kilogram — 2.2046 pounds. ]
Duty. Rate
No. Items. per 100
Unit. Rate. | pounds.
Frances.
1/20 || “eines Sa acopopoooddee sooCe boo Seen seb esnoaeeorSscroosscr css UO} Net Ssssas 20. 00 $1.75
29 poll de messine (silk gut used only for fishing lines) -------|---------------- IMG) |[ostooos 550
44 ‘ish:
INE, GOP coooaaaqosSeen Qadon OCaon SEO UNS GadoasoSSeeDEecess 100 kilos.-..-- 20. 00 16763
Fresh, fresh-water of the salmonoid family ---------------|----- does ene 10. 00 . 875
Mroshiawabers Obherees seer ese seen nes sesinelaseiseter = eel|eeeiare Owen eeie 5. 00 44
45 Dried, salted, smoked, cod, or klipp fish ..--..-.--.-------]----- doyseenaeee 48.00 4. 20
stockfish and herrings ------------|----- Gl) eSaose5 15.00 1.32
Other/driedysalted;orsmokedeas->-e=- ee eeee epee een aes eetie dopceveaes 25. 00 2.19
46 IPTESOGV Gsm OllOLg OIC KLOd tte la eleeeeeeeine = ae eae eee eer eee aliyescosens 25. 00 2.19
47 | Oysters:
iMreshSOCd ses ke mentsc seni ceetis sit oe aoe oaseseisesoa sie soelteis| beeen ee eereaee reels 22 o.-cees
iMreshsouherscaccsces soe tear ee ee lee a ceo ese ee aeeteciants Per thousand. Tb OM | Bee eoe cee
IMPOR Gib ossokosnodsopaocceasoenocopges aSoeecSrosceTeconUE 100 kilos....-- 5.00 44
48 | Lobsters:
INFOS TAI NOMEN Ae oo been cobnal conSoc bu OToGSSabs|lesode Gy saotib sae 15. 00 1,32
IPTESELVieGOMpPLePATe diem aienae aoe ae ale sles se are are ter |ereelnle GW .cascsas2 25. 00 2.19
49) Mussels and other shellfish asso sm sescies asians same al ae | ete etait etl stel Brees hoes
RO || JMO ES eeechondosmseoccenSodoeeocnebuatsosgosussnababoces 100 kilos.....-. 6.00 . 526
51 | Whale oil, spermaceti:
(Of eseBbnodococdesaossodentocqesoonuccesquesstocccesse 5.00 . 439
IRESEGO oo noo goneidapscadaad#econcognncabpcEanHvacesneoaens 10. 00 - 875
TRCN ee Beas Oda LS Sacoccunsoaqgaspodceouasenone 15. 00 1.317
52alRoecodiand mackerelmes-peee teat meee eee ee aetse ease . 60 . 053
GH} || \ivoneNlGlYoriey Whew So Saeco coonpEmenpSonoodecepeosecoadssor Breesteenosecee
YG) REI GISINS HART aa coocasobodacraeennocooDheeoecneouseecnoueS 1 Ke\s al essere sos
5} || Chath ngyoraln, piven the Soe ooo ooo esSede oeseoeupsooeoSercosesor Wreeniao2> sce
bOulwpearlstine (Navurall) wesescteese veccenseceine seeciccesise sees Mreow |Pooesaeeoe
57 | Fish bladders, raw or simply dried Mree.. | os-cneeee
BS || SOMES, Mp oocesonesoodeoooosSassnsopcdessasdssesseseaeacs 35. 00 3. 045
DLepaled wine eases eee ee ea eee Eee ems ee 65. 00 5. 687
Ga Penntlows heldleseme see cece ectcitc aissracmieciseccicesin creo acieacis Bree. cceeseee
64 | Nacreous shells, mother-of-pearl, haliotis, and others for
VAD RS oe can Soap cosngs saSscebaonSanas Sod ecdese SScodeskonscscszaancoss Bree." ss. seer
Bolas permacetcandlesseses. serene eee rece meee sete eee 100) kilos..---- 16. 00 1.40
324 | Fish glue or isinglass.-.--..------- pans omnoEsesosebcadcocod|bene. GO sascosos 40. 00 3. 50
iy7f [WIM RVG ecco cooteenecHeuSooemesSendas + aaanbanapos yoscassalloesse dosteeece 100. 00 8.75
BEL) || IDE MbARE ENE RAscdonogoecboocqoenne sobopoboonSoseoosedceatondiisanes do/e.saeee2 20. 00 1.75
PAY | Clr Chita Wholsetion Aoton co SO nono See aoaeineacosossesenqeseso desl soodosnoodoobece ree. ||Sseeeneeee
631 | Strips of whalebone, cut and prepared........-------------- 100 kilos.....- 100. 00 8.75
a
(Tariff law of July 15, 1879, as amended May 22, 1885, and again December
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES.
GERMANY
553
21, 1887.)
[Mark = $0.288. Kilogram — 2.2046 pounds. ]
Duty. | Rate
No. Items. = per 100
Unit. Rate. | pounds.
| Marks.
DERG OULOUBISDIN OLS WIEN, inicielaiaslalae alaisialnlelsia/elnicicinie'a.nciceemi=cie' ease LOOM OSieee 3. 00 $0. 32
Gy) ister teres) hol epi ih yd Seco 5 ooo Noes ey oeeo SoS Seon So SSO 50 cs Son SSS —eeCr rod ETO@5 | pests eer
12 | Seal skins and skins of GIST tO MEET NAS he Giice em eGopKcecdserc th -keeb ase a seccs WLP Ssulseeec eos
20 | Wares partially or entirely of genuine pearls or corals -.-... | 100 kilos ...-.. 600. 00 64. 77
20 | Wares partially or entirely mother-of- pearl, or turtle shells.|..-.-. MO Weer telaete 200. 00 21. 59
25 | Fish:
IMA MAR SAS AR ad AAS OOr QE RSE CACOSOn COSCON SHE SCS neem APsSaleein Sop Ame ames TOGA |55hioctaicies
Salt (with exception of herring), imported in barrels;
dried, smoked, roasted, cooked. (Stockfish, dried cod.)..) 100 kilos .---.. 3. 00 32
Preserv ed with vinegar, oil, or spices, imported in bar-
MBS eee peice oe Salen a aoe ie cine catsinat ost cces meiscmes se cic Goeeneas 12. 00 1. 30
Other prepared fish of all sorts, hermetically sealed. - -.. Weeioers Ose 60. 00 6.48
Item, Pliie sce cad oe aemococensobeason geeece sassy Ssee | Per barrel .-.. 3.00 .16
Salt herring not in usual commercial packing .-.--...---- | 100 kilos .....- 2. 00 -22
Salt herring intended for manure after denaturalization --|..........-...-. Bree: lest osee
Caviar and caviar SUMOP ADO esate a eeese eee eee aes TOORKNOSisee—= 150. 00 16.19
Sea animals, and the like, preserved, steamed, or salted, in
bottlestcans; andsthelike! s--2- aos eee coche aiaceies eet |leoeime docoteess: 60. 00 6.48
Otherses; mussels; or/shellfish o.c2. s Comeeneae 24. 00 2.59
Oysterswlobsters and turtless-cosseceeeaceneceesiccsicses =| camnc Oe sso 50. 00 5.39
G6} || eteehlisienng | Geren br bree oeAasoaodaogconan sodeecEacor coaGcasd lsanas ON eaaseane 60. 00 6. 48
Ooulmhish stat and t8nOll scence. sce nese ence en eee ercie seco neces Com sec 3. 00 s
37 | River crabs, fresh or cooked; wash sponges, and other
fish products, mussels from the sea, fresh or cooked,
unshelled, with exception of oysters ...---.....--.-2----|----------0----- Free: ||=-5-sesee
ITALY.
(Tariff law of January 1, 1892.)
{Lira—$0.193. Kilogram = 2.2046 pounds. ]
Duty. Rate
No. Items. per 100
Unit. Rate pounds
6 | Fixed oils: Tira.
IMEX GS es ee ese ae ine sie ais oie srs ctsratats eleeem et gece eceeils 100 kilos ...--- 6 $0. 525
WNotiotherwase mentioned!) -.-- 2-2-5 2 = so wnie = wire sle= = /aoste ebebouoe 15 1.31
102 | Fishing nets, as the material, and in addition thereto .-..-.- WO Per Contes .| 11a eel lseene seers
306 | Fish:
| Linesied Gir Gl Metin) = pang donpaonooodopososcooccoseesToabbce| selon aosuetonan Prée; ||P-aoccssre
ID Fetieti! On MNO etl Rae ese sonnctccooscse eScercbeccosenscsdes VOOMOS ee - =e 5 - 437
In INAIMNG)4 scons cognocnotons dooce soeorne codeedoned seater cballsooae ilo SSebOAe 6 20D)
Seasoned in oil or vinegar (including tunny fish) in boxes.|-...- (60) SRenaaoe 30 2. 626
Seasoned in oil or vinegar (including tunny fish) otherwise
PLOSCLV.CON Ee Cee ome eee ee ree eae a anee eee aae nec sactee dOM =e aoe 30 2. 626
307 | Caviar and other prepared fish eggs -.-..-....---..-----....|.--.- (UMS apcedac 30 2. 626
Epil) || TaMEln fall @@ye rebel PEE oogoopooogunagoUU can earcdpoob ocepeuns| boeee doraeesee 15 1671
323 | Sponges
Common—
(Groot se Sosa cbsnens Bas as6 pes aOSSS CCAS peo aa Seat Soe e ean eaee? Bree. s\5- 2255
(CHG eS eecsocctaesocotesocccsee 376 te SS ck St Heese 100 kilos ...-..- 40 3.50
ine—
GOTO. S = -h sa casieloe mo Seen eee cee once eae eas enc scein cc |eoa ice cinwice seas Pree. uiscoseeneee
(OIGETGT le eeode pennoddes 1 abesarpccondcostbest eekobecene LOO Kilos)s2—=-1- 200 17. 508
324 | Coral:
GTN eer h et Be ee Ae oan ceccoge S-sne roa agS a ash || peesqeees =e sssese Iba So 55se¢ cc
Manufactured, if not mounted with fe i eee ee ose Loauee Kal Opacsn cee, 1, 000 87.54
325 | Mother-of-pearl:
ING HIM MAMETO Neb a0 oe BS eee BOSS CO ODOC OaDO SEeSc DDD Sbes abbed assed Saseneoeace RT EOn | eee ee
Iai Pc pee ee Bea eoes sanoo Coechbaenesesescsoon Senos 100 kilos --.--- 150 13.13
554 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
GREECE.
(Law of 1887, as amended to take effect Ist (15th) February, 1892.)
[Drachma = $0.198. Oke = 2.84 pounds. ]
| Duty Rate
No. Items. per 100
| Unit. Rate. | pounds.
— — —_ = = —
|
Drachma.}
TAS MGBN Ola Nap enMnme ve cm mene eiee eletiaetaeaie-ineigie wine tisie (ste Sera eert i= Qos eek 2.00 $13. 59
22 | Kish:
Fresh fish in general, and sponge ....~...------- 20. - 002 -|o ne ewe ee ween ene Bree: |< scasaee
Salted, smoked, or dried, except following-.---.----.-------- Oke=eseee scree .30 2. 04
White mullet, sardines, tunny, lobsters, etc., in cans-}.---- UN oneees 2.00 13.59
Inkfish, octopod, eels, oysters ........-........--..-..}....- domes-eeee -50 3. 40
C@odnshvand/StoGshs bh enessecieeneeo eee mee eeae an acer seme GOieaen eae . 20 1.36
IAG LGTY es Sead sa 6 Some oO Nooo oo osdue ac eSen coos cso sao bose dormsseer . 20 1.36
TROON WIEN cee ceeetoe cee e cae ca eee eee ee enienete ens les| maaan GO maeeecee 3. 00 20.39
Shellfish excep tiOysterg ane ce cows cic etecicielncle bem crarcietiete win ore GOmeeie Ske . 05 3h
28 | Fish glue:
HOM MON ees des woven eet coe claws see etan cele Re Rcareram cane | Rennie GPa ae sa 40 2.72
| RATES So ee Soos aS ane Son onoSE i oQuoceopocoerd| psoas i esabasec 1.00 6.7
88 | Real)pearls, prepared .--~..-~. ~~... oe ee eee ee a ee ne MLG6;i)|'s4s Seats
WM QONRI SR Sock abo ge wcceaGa tase Soe enle Ate eee wae meeeinteteee Okees rsh ee 1.00 6.79
CWO mY OM Gos Sonecssunenbooscdsscgcee JeGanoee gos conSacecocansod|soove GOnesceee .50 3. 40
NETHERLANDS.
(Tariff law in etfect July 1, 1895.)
[Florin = $0.402. Kilogram = 2.2046 pounds. ]
| Duty. | Rate
Items. = per 100
| Unit. Rate. pounds.
| Florins. |
CHS, FPR csubs aod doodond Ghose hueGddosAsanosadenasceass oeooS aneninsecs 5 per cent. |.........-
Conall Fmanutaouured ice son cee ee seers rene settora neta cto mie iete cee neo metera ste mictercl Steers GO) coe. oo | Sac eee
JMET, PAC. CULE Aes on ee se poneeedeadocise soRnacboosss 368 jeLOQaOse sone 25. 00. $4. 56
Mother of pearl shells, manufactured ......-..------ sag oeadcu Wwe Saas SeboaadS 5 percent. |. ~-eecsees
WH andac cndatanccsnesoncdsueseraas Pe eee sinke see =ce ae eee ae 100 kilos ...... ae -10
RV Ale HONS (MOLGELY)) ncn cn elec eels les wiet aincaeae ss a cies senem |daweenecsieraes 5 per cent. |-.-..-.---
= * {
NORWAY.
(Law as amended, to go into effect August 1, 1892.)
[Krone = $0.268. Kilogram = 2.2046 pounds. ]
Duty. I “Rate
Ttem. = == per 100
Unit. Rate. | pounds.
Krone.
Coral, crude or unmanufactured........ wane ee caeaecnaancenecn|scnaes SASAE SOO Bree: |o-s.< 22258
Cotton tish nets, as the material, and in addition thereto. .... [osbokceracesncos) 10 per cent, |---<-cs=es
Fish, pickled, spiced, or preserved in oil, smoked, and caviar..) Kilogram ----. 4 $4. 80
OUTS TERT SE Soe NOSE QU OCS Ein Ss Se SO SOS POR SCOR IOUN Ses] Base Ramesses eno. Brees |. << Sceee
TASTES TRY Ee eeneSidias bog gOO SS Coe Re pOeinie Henan badceccie Wilogram ..... .35 4.25
TEE TNE GIR GV Uy 1] Ue en On Ace Ge See Rete PEM ERONURN a ieemcne S| Toes danse . OF -48
TRID OAS S OSD PIO scares one a eee San anew nneerate eens | Saki dOyee ee aoe 1.50 18. 23
Linen fish nets, as the material, and in addition thereto.-.....)..........--..-. 10 per cent. |.....-=-5-
Pearls, natural, NOU BObs see es eC ESE SSSA eC ee eee eee eneme anaes Bree.’ '|-o. 56s
Sid ingdton BnGHOVIONSs crest cccs cc acven net men roe eens "Riloer AND, ence - 20 2. 40
OUher Hanno fish asacc swe os eae emer ee eens ao meen eee fom do se -40 4. 80
Seal skin, dressed, single or sewed together. ...--....-...----|----- Gotesceeae 2.40 29.17
Spermaceti oil... ......------------ +--+ +--+ 222s eee eee eect eee [Senne OOiee eae . OF 48
STR aS ge ORE NGS IER ET oR eee eee eet Se SSS RES eS Bl donne see 2. 67 32. 45
Wh alebones OUle. <<. <.6 even elonieincniane sie wneu aes teene eee s| SSR Cen cates | Free.
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES. joo
PORTUGAL.
(Tariff law of June 17, 1892.)
{1000 reis—$1.08. Kilogram = 2.2046 pounds. |
Duty. Rate
No. Item. ; = per 100
Unit. Rate. pounds,
Reis
164) SPORE aon scogcknonetdohosrnads coc bed sore Ustoosceodaine Kilogram ... 270 $13. 22
“7h | TST 7 eyo PAE I ED Rc NY | COkaamaas 10 49
SS |] TRG) SoS 8 2a Be Sob op Be ne eee eo eoO TOACCe Ss Ser COCoG PCOS MECre en 8). Per MOG ti |seneec een.
ad val,
LO MMO N VAS AUION BL cae atc is tame iwia Sa ale = alse neo nies oes ysis'e ulele.ac/etatete,e atts Kilogram ... 22 1.08
O83 |] OU ebaTN. 66 AR 8 Soe cca eun ODO CEE re se Se pO aCe aerate aol acer (iS Onoe 39 1.91
SA OMNES LO ULEL RS Mireiors tetarctes ata erarcl a attcte (dai castatsin Kile seu lereisiaime @ owtnlersc'e aiamtace Sorc Oy cercee 6 . 29
Fish:
350 MOS WUD PLOD AVe Man cnet a ane atin mis nies aiefefom ore bicinie nice wikisl | era sie obese 10 -49
851 Salted, pressed, smoked, or pickled...........-...-....-./.---- Olea amte 20 -98
852 | Sardines, fresh, salted, or pressed.........-...........2-..|..0-- Gorse 5 . 24
BOI ON UA ve PLOSED VCS sa tla cian ciate ele m'eralecowicinie seine in w win aielalemin| rete cle dOveeeass 200 9.79
AOAMGrR hiner neLsseacceacas fete jose kc Cokes CU mbekciontegeecnits wen aie owereene 120 5.42
429°] W halebone, ProeparediM THEwWoughy 7. ence wenn ees rece COisscees 800 39,19
Ge! || OhnGllesy siege 2 SoSsGacbnsocopnosbbs ce ua Soo eae ees uEnnSood booce dofe-erse 120 5. 87
RUSSIA.
(Revised to January, 1891.)
[Ruble = $0.889. Pound—14 ounces avoirdupois. Pood —36.112 English pounds. ]
| Duty. Rate
Items. = per 100
Unit. Rate. pounds.
Rubles.
MS PONIIA GE Ute atelan nie cin velalste[sta lat iatatsla(aieisjala(aleielm(a/s/aistm/aj<,q( Seccccedod |seege doje seesees 6.00 6. 46
SHUR OVS IN A asicisininin ci leiceeininsyareie We CCE n COC CHO DEB SO HODOUEDORE asesed aed dG aesae 10. 80 11. 64
HOME OSM eeeeriteaere cnc etemnam cee ee aiec ceciactal cjieicictc neiceiaion lle woe Ofer 2. 40 2.58
SVMF ae DONE KOLA LUNGS ireinieielntele sialsistetnict islet ie cloiereiatwciaicla/sic) 100 kilos .-:--.- 20. 00 $1.75
WIGReWEHEX CERO eos 65 Goo cise cobo een ese soecasee cocoa acesa|s5505 dose ee 25. 00 2.19
DEO Ag ibenell Le Goa acess aoe SESE Rete SSee ene cemermoe fas sa eesee does cere 1.00 09
DEM || (Cochilsincnevil eiyeietein a ees sea eigsecisosdonessoas Be One ee 18. 00 1.58
Law of July, 1876—provisional duty...-.--...----.--.----|---.- doe aera 3.00 - 26
Law of July, 1877—municipal duty .-.-.------.-----------|----- do Gas vee 3. 00 - 26
DEN || PEGA IN Gadd se eae kcodeSstie cob ecesbnaereSGnessrouponcoasHed|sotes do eee as 1. 50 S13)
DOP Mish ysaltedy Smoked. Ons pic kel edie mia layeentaele ete betelat= nate lye rete leat COT sees 12. 00 1.05
POSW ESEEC ON SLCLS aN Gis Melis Heyes miste jane aja ialarele te atel=t (alee ele tee doe rere 3.00 26
294 Ovsters\and shel Mish -e-ern seer ae ao ee eels ae ecb lintel @@ jazetses 8. 00 -70
341 | Whalebone, shell, and coral, in the rough or cut in strips ..| Kilogram -.--- .10 . 87
342 | Coral and mother-of-pearl, manufactured ..........----.---.|----- doy sacra 17.10 149. 62
S4on | Wwihalepone. mamta hues eater alee lee aay alm lem etal ea lalel orale f=) leloimiol= GW) cseesséc 2. 50 21. 88
SWEDEN.
[Kroner = $0.268. Kilogram = 2.2046 pounds. ]
Duty. Rate
Items. per 100
Unit. Rate. | pounds.
Bones: Kroner.
WES 1EOW Neoooceccasocoaod dosces 6 senqerpe Sn odooorenocacsGrEEoe 100 Ixilos ------ 118. 00 $14. 35
Qulneie Tobi ls\so4 555 psosoceamosceabe coop ae enoarcessoonsEconoeooesd||GoScc GO) snoss5s5 35. 00 4.26
Fish:
Anchovies and sardines, in oil or brine, hermetically sealed |----- dO saaesece 20. 00 2.43
(weight of boxes included).
Other kinds preserved (weight of boxes included)...--..------|----- GW) saccscs= 30. 00 38.65
All other kinds of’ fish, fresh, dry or salted .-.-------.--..------|---- 3. Free.
IMIS1N PANTO) soeoatb ooo sep ooeaboe sa osenesags sa50cSoors casaesseaoasaa= 100 kilos ....-- 20. 00 2. 43
Oils os 46cbouctbanponcspepbenesu scenes Ss aassaedasossoddp cues odSesees| loedSsauseaSascone Free.
Otterishcins omdresse@e sere ae eee eee eres a= ae lente ese ee 100 kilos .----- 25. 00 3. 04
OttemslcansiULeSSed sa: see e eee eee ee cee ae iete orlelele re aeete rete eral erereier= don sine 40. 00 4.86
SRA MASONS 6h eosscoo- Sse peedasess sas5ssssadaressaseosoqgodlassce GY) SS 55 Sc 170. 00 20. 67
SWITZERLAND.
(General tariff law of January 1, 1893.)
e
[Franc—$0.1938. Kilogram = 2.2046 pounds. |
Duty. Rate
Items. per 100
Unit. Rate pounds.
Frances.
SPOTGeSs saascecacnac cesses ease nnse ness sess OAs sane sasesanncnnnn- 100 kilos -..-. 20. 00 $1. 75
Ione] feller pun lenny EIS) 6 occ scopocroncscnscosodssessracsssucasssq|lonced doeeseece 7. 00 -61
IMA AWN) So Sboeecea Booonaoesoqs Olde ote Beas aEeacsmopuoccaspuseeece| Pease Geseeses 2. 50 . 22
Fish, dried, salted, pickled, smoked, or otherwise prepared :
In receptacles of less than 5 kilograms weight -......----..----|----- Osseese ne 16. 00 1. 40
In receptacles of more than 5 kilograms weight -...-.----------|----- dOi- ene as 1. 00 - 09
Shellfish! Oysters; lobsters) etic., fresh: 252). --\e-ssse ssi eae ela Go ess2 ss 30.00 2. 62
Mishloilsinicasksecces san cece osesee see cee ae oa oslo eiealee ee teeter terial Gesecete nOO . 04
SJO@HIEKOE LH 5c Ss obocreacopdapdgn osabSOOb sono adacoReScoCneDedensodoa||aoccd GO) sees . 50 . O4
‘Whalebone:
IRE ge Oe Stoel o) ol aingao enon ocbeabobbs Go ndesenooudS soda daoosossosq}oconc domeeseeee 4. 00 - 34
LWPS saooscqoeesccoosoocesbacnHbpasessosocoooDpobScoacoooballesses doOieeescas 16. 00 1. 40
WIG He eOr oer el Gao saa oabaCE Sede oe Saobo one sano adeacoascoseScesccsc||sesec dow se 10. 00 . 87
IPOATISHMOLINOL Meee ae ae oe cen conan eee caine ene ceee eee eerste herr doses 50. 00 4.38
Coral motisetiencosece ctor ee ean oo beh see cose HeLa e Reena eee sepa eee do.anecaee 30. 00 2. 63
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES.
UNITED KINGDOM.
557
(There are no customs duties on fishery products imported into Great Britain and
Ireland. )
DOMINION OF CANADA.
(Revised to November, 1895.)
Duty Rate
Items. per 100
Unit Rate. pounds.
PARP OL OWI See ia ste ates c'ele cicin'so wine misieeininale seat iseisl-'= = sano me sien) ~im in| laelalalnialeeisieinia isle Free.
Fish:
Mackerel tensa ascness Sess o sisee eeiacacee cisisccicine wise wistecae sions Moun eee seeee 1 cent. $1. 00
Herrings, pickled or salted.-.....-.---.-------------++-+-+--|----- GO saccocts 4 cent. -50
palmon* pickled or salted <2 noo ose = - once enn ewe we ween ni= ale oan GO) sop 44s- 1 cent. 1. 00
All other fish, pickled or salted, in barrels.........-...-----|.-.-. key yasnndee 1 cent. 1. 00
NODA DALTO Sees clase aes eee GD oacaadce 4 cent. - 50
Smoked and boneless fish, not in barrels..................--|.--.- Goreasne ce 1 cent. 1.00
Anchovies and sardines—
MP POXGs OID, 4 Dyid se CHOS seis cceeis seinen emcee oa Peri DOxseeee =e Sicentssn|seeeecesas
Bibyqdub yp Leinohesssoessn see eenesee seamen see sane: Ol) aSdosace 2eiCOntssn| saan eeeae
Ash vio wbysl einoOhes eeenet ce eeee eee eee cee leone dOlereracr PAEGMIS I eoroarecce
In any other form sso Sconssdék ence neds asso sssesconoodagsd|Sso-aceeubapeoee 30 per cent. |---.----.-
Ofhartishy preserved tin’ Olle siy-ceccaisss sarc coceceercs concelcceencecececeene 80 pericents) rescence
Oysters—
ue OGG nt coon dqancosaqesbaaRdcongcomccudeoDacoEse cod|sepcaeopcactacac 25 per cent.
Shelledsgnab bull ke sept etee mies era eee einleietetee eieteleistalal Galloneesse-e 10\conts | See= seas
Canned, in cans not over 1 pint (including cans) ..-----.---. Canzeeseer case SiCONGtSs |seaeeeeee =
in cans over 1 pint and not over 1 quart --------.|....- Gi) seanssc. DICONGS see eee
All other fish
Fishhooks, nets andseines, and fishing lines and twines, but
not to include sporting, fishing tackle, hooks and flies,
trawling spoons,threads or twines used for sewing or manu-
25 per cent.
FAC uM Ep Un pOSOSseceeee sere sees sscsesaemee eames sesnae TRY6Oa|pconeeneee
LOH sMNVeTRNGE! 535555 6se5 coos css odes bos BseD cr eSeuceeedcsasrcoos 30spercentss|soe-ecne =
MIShis ans form anita Churems casiacciscecte —sce csisiaccamisiccicce Wrees|) co-secte ae
Glue, sheet, broken sheet, and ground .................------- 3 cents. 3.00
higquidyincludine: mucilapes---s-ssscessece+ cee - oss cee= == 30; pex Conitel|—see =a
IRelpisea weed, and seagrasses ict a cin deiex cjsis ----<-5=-
Tortoise and other shells, unmanufactured........-...------- Wreee||bss-seaeee
NWikatleponemmmanotaccured maser aaa ceccaeecinicnesee ce emaisiae a DEES lEGeeestiece
All other articles, the product of the fisheries, not specially
TOROVAGIEGL AR ob She seoapadcbboeno sade suo benveSsaSAocorsesenes Hadsasrpecobccec AN THOM |e eogccas
NEWFOUNDLAND.
[Dollar — $1.014.]
Duty Rate
Items. <= per 100
Unit. Rate. pounds.
» Fish
Cod ang aad OC Ks eee eaela cae clataajainlelslaisisinvels NBIC EDSQUN HOS Quintal -...-.- $1.50 | $1.34
Oystersandrclamsimipbells Geass cc ciseo eos comes ee ce etna eee eeetes eee Prec. ee asseee
Fish of British catch and cure, and oil, the produce of such
FES ee eee ete ee alae Sars Sie Oecd SE Se Slee Sean: aia | afotatstatclelereiattaelarer= LEGS tie rosa
Fishing tackle (except fishing tackle for angler A) sesecee ness
74 per cent.
558 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
MEXICO.
(Law of May 15, 1891, modified by decree of April 30, 1894, to take effect July 1, 1894.)
[Peso=$0.528. Kilogram =-2.2046 pounds. ]
Duty. Rate
Items. per 100
Unit. Rate. | pounds.
Pesos. |
Chima, SMBH « ogo agoqnoned ceonnoSodoossasssgagNodonooMRSsSoarecs Kilogram ..--- 0. 20 $4.79
Ofelia WOE) HOWE 6 aoa bea yond ogo soo sas oS oconpboconSoSdsSossSse|soae4 ley sooosase 20 7.99
Wore SWE OM GG fee eee a ae ee nie ee emi miami mlm =l=)s)n loo) mim = GO ccocosae 1.50 35. 93
ING oo Tey tC) ooaco weeseseedaonSponoppsaobopesbgeoo UNE scallscosarcscososdes Free.
Fish and shellfish, dry, salted, smoked, or pickled-..-.--- Kilogram ..... 57) 2, 87
iPresenyveduishiand shellfish) sen =a- sao seeeee eee eee eel eee dormer 15 3.59
LBT SLA (allie) Seosateooueseusoeecr Suibedos cece seequosnecsscdoneHseosadal|sacse GD ceassccse - 15 | 3.59
Mionher-of- pearl im De OM Ne ee aatalete moe ole mainline eter Gi Soasece 20 | 7.99
(Oni, Gol INWOea cackradsdsesopecmuconaccesuessoncssdddosse cascoddana|lsdses Ore aeee 10 | 2.40
Onl Mos ccaptodoaaasooneseodesoods coos SAnooeeKbeednobooseeotectodlsacue doweeeeaae -10 2.40
IBGE HENRY BA Gab poogdobe Sao oe boon aeenteronba sasconoosopemosoocss C@arateeee.- se. 50) Senecio
SHO AMNOEH 6 - sed odoooao ss Sectoebssessossensepoomondbsscndssesonss Kilogram ..--- . 25 7.99
SODAS THQ se ono dads csaseaddorecosdaboesaab Sopdesadonsasaqpsos|looss6 UO ssc6cads 2. 00 47. 90
SPDOD HAE) COMMON. oo 555 sneed odo suecsSsadbossuesaunssoccosocodbad|sses QO Soc6ese¢ 40) 9.58
\WWIPELG ION 2 sas eaoaancd aseoogonbonsecaedSso se coneoSsessodasescods |----- BID scagsose -10 | 2.40
COSTA RICA.
(Tariff law of September 7, 1885.)
[Peso = $0.486. Kilogram = 2.2046 pounds. |
| Duty Rate
Items. ~| per 100
| Unit Rate. | pounds.
|
Fish: | Pesos.
With or without oil, in tins or otherwise. -.-..-------.----------- Kilogram ..... 0. 07 $1. 54
Shellfish, preserved, with or without oil, or with condiments, in |
GANS) OF MUNG AEG) sasosoobeoode dasasdnocdoubacspabecedescuspeds Saree GID). SAcboosc 07 1.54
IETS A) NOCH 65. scgdcbcocne scode code He HuSeesoscooorscEedcassascscser looeee domaencens 1.09 24. 03
Cini). coo bsonGhasobaasbece SancesnsE SScoonaeHoqoAcHosoasssposecosaua|isescs dowe-ze ae. otal 2.42
Mother-of- pearl, manmtactured eae secre acta eisai le erat ele alll err (10) eo edcsicc 2.17 47. 84
Ol os o6 ce SORE OSS GS SS SUCRE ROBB OTnEncis 06 cons be esecanaceratbaad sess (HO J copodes palit 2.42
Pearle sinesmumounted! tessa ses aeces see aetna eee eee cena eee | secs (UN aaccbao TOON OO) Seeeceeeee
OLIN ACO betes meee at eae riete eae alate cle miele niente nerpaiinwe minnisiniees= sell aeaince Covemnesetee 07 1.54
\WMOn One sean gemadoEobe BaCOe ete BAEEe SBoeeeb arian conarepouacodooos | Reaoe GO ecoopase 54 11. 90
GUATEMALA.
(Tariff promulgated November 4, 1893, and in force since January 1, 1894, and sup-
plementary decree of December 20, 1893, reducing the additional duties imposed
by former laws to 15 per cent. )
[Peso = $0.486. Kilogram = 2.2046 pounds. |
| Duty Rate
No. Items. per 100
Unit Rate pounds.
Pesos
Aa Codwdniedysal ted or Smoked ino) komme scterer ere eines cer ane emeeee seas Frees |j22 eee
924 | Fishhooks, all kinds, with or without gut and float, in-
cluding weight of|container.< <2. 22 =~ <8 - 02 . 93
SPOLMACAUSere te mae nas eeasss eee ee cisis esac Sece tees ssicmiscince eel sniacre CONeeepeons 04 1. 86
SPONSES seececeeseesseccis Saccceno0dnadacodceadadocescsasosuacud|soosd doweeeneee 50 23. 30
NICARAGUA.
(Tariff law of July 25, 1888.)
[Peso= $0.486. Libra—1.043 pounds.]
Duty. Rate
Items. aa ae Deno
Unit. Rate. | pounds.
Pesos.
Cpr ies, SGI S555 casaddounGooncuodo Coonan epoperoonsScseeosdesoer Wibraysccecesec 05 $2. 33
Clem, maeminrebycrndel Ee Gecesasnssenase seemed Poe scoseno se a5556e beans dO eseeeee 2.50 116. 45
Coral, mounted with gold or silver...--. shtansoonzsc0 cedtiox sosond|osood GIO) Geaooscc 5. 00 232. 90
Fish:
Shellfish, all kinds, preserved in oil, vinegar, etc -....-...-..-.|.--.- dO eee sce 04 1. 86
MTISCiOL SMO kCNe ses crs seies ater clan's low om eejaineimeeicscinciesee ai i 03 1.40
Preserved in oil, vinegar, etc 07 3. 26
brigades moOkeGe mn -eaer ace ete cee ee ees ee eee eee . 05 2.33
IMG)h AITG, -scooeéccos poe coonccocHocscaccoses cacccoccesedseene sae . 06 2.80
IMTS NOAA so pgnaessecgere epbonoceuaobarcoes . 20 9. 32
Oil, cod-liver, and other ..........-.....-.-- | 303) 1. 40
LEGA IS) THEE SAORI con soos asconencooscanogaacoEoEsoEDoUDOSEEmEe 5.00 232. 90
Sponcemic ral abit ee seoospcesoonnod tees bbssboumeneee noe SASEponG 1.00 46.59
Wah BO DONC ace nwisicccitis cea scqereeemetice dass wemicemieican wae cimcilels ¢ - 40 18. 64
~ Nore.—Decree of December 19, 1891, No. IV, increased above duties 100 per cent.
SALVADOR.
(Law of March 24, 1888, revised to March 23, 1892.)
{Peso= $0.486. Kilogram = 2.2046 pounds. |
Duty. Rate
Items. ° per 100
Unit. Rate. | pounds.
Pesos.
Coral vunmanulachwredoac sq ccieee hens eee canes cetioe nao aeciaaee Kilogram ..... 5. 00 $110. 22
Fish:
Herring, cod, and other fish, not further prepared than dried,
Salted sOnismokedsceen seen teens yo eeeeeae oa reece secse km cins dOlecs.s- sal Sua
Fish prepared in vessels of tin, glass, or earthenware....-.-..-|..-.- docssi sae. 320 4.40
LS NAG Nace oaee see semasécapasose oe ope oroseenoscooce sae sdcuOndlaeaee Hi Er casaos 35 ot
ISD AO). oe passat one oe cecoss soc sco scoop csnoos cbonnomensbeenoe ae aeese OM) ScaésSee -10 2. 20
Mother-of-pearl, unmanufactured -. ..:----2.-:s.25-2-------ss---- eae Coesssaee 220) } 4.40
TI GOOMIV OY Sea e cosine nese ocme ote c eatencc es eases onemadtenel nance Oleeseseere . 30 6. 60
WHE Seanosguccoonnad So ncdcobossbenoebieun rumen HhEeebece laa Ses OO)ceeseae . 08 1.76
Ee Garlaynneeercnscesis soccer ioe pene ee ceases asta ceuee son seeks|seiaae GOKeH-e cee 10. 00 220. 45
SBELMACKLIs ININASSe sae sos ae eases nasa te ae nse sia ai5 o/s leraiae GW es5ocen- - 20 4.40
manntacturedtinany formes -asssss 5253 seam eee see dojysace: - 30 6. 60
Sponres/of allikinds! ss .ssc n= see ee eas aeae cells sos iyeseesene 5. 00 110. 22
BWiltstlebOone Been icicciclsis netics caer sterclela seis Sacer SobcheodGenvecwade asbec doysteees 1. 00 22. 04
560 REPORT
BRITISH HONDURAS.
(Act of January 4, 1895.)
OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Duty. Rate
Items. = per 100
Unit. Rate pounds
Candles sperm mcsacis teres eee snee oot et ciocene cee oaeaiect Pound Peseeeee $0. 02 $2. 00
Mish; salted Avy, OL webicsss<- ccaceoecececeesesce ce cesesceescs| seasons ceaeencee Free; lsc Senos
res Hefishvandinres OVS uelsere sae sa cisssisce cine eisisecleeeiaiseiee neers seems WT. |e sce
OU etee ecieiarnnicenoecics sececis sciceroceteece aetesesscscsecs Galloneeeee =e AW basomocssc
UL Owl Vrain cie see ners anit eich sie cto e ie eimiotininewicie See eieeicme rion Oueme ricer eee Hree:. ||| s0 2 ese
OinersproduGises sess sceeerine sae ierel cetes ela seteraeeisiasta cee ciel Meeiee mecerememnee VOiper Cente eeeeae
BRITISH WEST INDIES—BAHAMAS.
[Shilling = $0.243.]
Duty. Rate
Items. per 100
Unit. Rate pounds.
8. d.
COfragllle), Sseratt. oooonogsodon cscsbeccstbe soc conauobeqcbassecossecos 100 pounds. - - iil © $2. 67
CawjarrandoubersfishiOvayecessseisceiscste a= elec heneieleeisineeiecienie laos serene eens Bree: ||-s2see cere
Fish:
IDR! Ce SNE eae oonacshocobnodasnoDEanoddomasepeaodAadcapE> 100 pounds. - - 26 - 50
Pickled'salmon*shadsjand mackerel... os ses eee eee Barrells cee 4 6 49
Pickled herring, alewives, and other kinds SOO Maeeeeineee 4 6 .49
PHOS agers atoraaie a sisrei ao eelattareralsioreinrsjereiayahojes a Sawada erie are anla c/bele se se ate So mays eialeraerate Brees: |e sas sirens
Sperm oil Galloneee-e-ee TO) ee oeeeeee
SOMME se cot angudace segs sooo sano nS HD Sea aosboodsoScHOSTaCSnsScosE|socecopsosaacece IMGs laasseocsac
At) cosedqesteuonsaduoececosenoDoRoS CoN ooaaDodsEcousdUaNoeonbbcE boebecoocdadnees Brees ||Seascecees
BRITISH WEST INDIES—JAMAICA.
(Revised to January, 1893.)
Duty. Rate
Items. per 100
Unit. Rate. pounds.
shia:
Candllessperm: 22= seacccccsieisscoe seiees eeicisice sciebiee seee eee Pound)s--4--= On 2: $4.05
Fish:
[digas | Nite GHG) WURNBG) = So Sone sade seqdebédockassooacscoceesslJaoassoccosdsased HYC6 4c osteo
(Opis t ae se deen se odadagdassasph sdodenonoobedagdsasssjallpsencssuseccdost Siper/centry|e-- seen
Mriedionsaltedsyr-se-cesce sree cere eaeere aCe eet eeeer eae 100 pounds. . 3 6 -74
Smoked, not otherwise numerated or described ---..---- Round ee eee ee 0 0% 1.00
/Nlesrabyey lel RG es Son ec écocage sconce sel beectescedse Bbl., 200 Ibs -- 2 6 - 30
lei@iaains, (OG oooesdéncsbcosoa ta daccoosHgtconecconsecolosos< (-cobctece 2 6 - 30
smokedts 453 seca. amass oeseeicseicsseertetatals Rounds sss. 0 o4 - 50
Mackereleipiokledssjct sot os seheiee wise se oe eee eee see ee Bbl., 200 lbs 4 6 -49
Pickled, not otherwise enumerated or described. --.-.-----|--- Bed O=eeenice 4 6 -49
Salmon\'smoked! =... 522 s.-—ciocteee cen costo tases sce eece Pound e--o-e- 0 2 4.05
WELOL SalbOd tee cto coe ue--, le lseee oe oe men eee aee ine Bbl., 200 Ibs -- 10 6 1. 22
All others....... BOSE BHSHS Goce Se oreabebacuon paosEDEDs Hosa lssedcodadcéocade 124 per cent. |=----=22=
BRITISH WEST INDIES—BARBADOS.
(Tariff of 1889.)
Duty Rate
Items. per 100
Unit Rate pounds
viper andsheadsiand, ofall. ofMfishy cc esscineeeeecscceact ee eee saces eee ee eee ree: | ase
ish:
ried esalted yorlsmoked--eesse se ae eee eee eee e eee eee Quintalees-=== $0. 05 $0. 045
Pickled! Eee ean h soso cc aaaen cate Hatemaanshenoetecmesesces pare) aeeeecee .10 - 05
WreshyisanGstULtlec oso. nsec noe eco eee cat aise eke eae caters lelectra Free. |.---------
Fish on ice and salmon and oysters in cans .....-----------|.--------------- LEC! | ee neeoes
9 AUG A Asi a a ee ee ens waa kee en AA E Saab aacao ecoebbocododaese 8 per cent. |..--------
Tantle-shellsy ummanntacturedser ence cesses eeeseeece ees ace eee ee eres Free: ||... /-ceecese
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES.
DUTCH WEST INDIES.
(AU fishery products imported pay 1} per cent ad valorem.)
FRENCH WEST INDIES—GUADALOUPE.
[Frane = $0.193.
TGlogram = 2.2046 pounds. }
561
Duty. Rate
Items. = - per 100
Unit. | Rate. pounds.
es Ee = a = ie aaa
| Frances.
PAUMID OLE T IN we mteter et etelalsineh cis sia Sas ose inr ata clave bata a) sia chatafatecciel bias eS eial| Sa ee eee as = al Olpericenti.)|en-eee sec
Fish:
Carin Ctlemmeret cleats ee-senialelaois oirisisle ratios science alsieisieiaars 100 kilos ...... | 40. 00 $3. 48
Codishydniedusalted or smokediees-cecs so sceneeeene seen weees Glitssomacne 3.00 . 26
167. Ol so ce Ges ece On EC OCHO BSE CR OGH EIR BEE SR Mee ar rarest ermal Sue dokecn cer 21.00 1. 83
(GIL Choa TGR es SS ee Ria EO CEE eI ee ee ei erento dorseee | 15. 00 1. 32
JENS Dee teen ates Oates onsla nace neces a cami soonest a aelGase: On ee ae 15. 00 1.32
OM SUSTS ars tera a letnic Same oie wise task naatasemcrecaseue ase cosballeeees QO ase | 15. 00 Th 2
DPORGCR eee ecm ace cinicioceeicteceisee ser sbnesaboetesrEecealoenocassecacopoL | LOSPERICOn bes | eee eeeete
IGPU cet ooh odobsnconcogsncceaqore sodnOOSebagEanPaoaeecacced leases Geebuseone: | OMMEL Cen ben eae
PACIRO WH GES me cemem sense eraclscmicre cate cee cece eee nec tsies Cac ts meee gee Rete | Oupericent.|e--seeccee
FRENCH WEST INDIES—MARTINIQUE.
[Frane — $0.193. Kilogram = 2. 2046 pounds. ]
Duty Rate
Items. — per 100
Unit tate. pounds.
Franes.
(Cayn@lls, GjaGwlscqscbs se deans pe coppoocecesasoeeseqeaqosuaer 100 kilos ...... 4.30 | $0. 38
Fish:
Dry, salted, or smoked codfish --.--......0..5......00..---|o-04- Gh) cobocete 4.00 aoD
ANAC TOWER a sec oaddobed achosd@psondus cece secsendasseccusae leeee dO eases: 16. 00 1.40
In cans, natural state, pickled or otherwise prepared-..-.)...-- doe 16. 00 | 1.40
OGn ers erate eee eso ce Seem cie ck civ isin’ Skeid ce callemans Gis ese nie 2.70 - 24
TRG TERT Oe CUR aoe oe Bae BOGS Rea e Osos ea eee eis even’ G0 Saaceeee 3.75 .33
Dated GE CEE) 4 SARE RO ene Re Sete? Hb onc o5 Cet eaneCeO a eae een ates Meeee do\ysy-ee es 6.46 .57
PANN GIGS Sere wtate otmieraro,sialereiata stem el ote eeetecte = isle cee ete ate Sell reece eters D.do)per cent.) |zsesccesse
= = ee
CUBA.
[Peso — $0.926. Kilogram = 2.2046 pounds. |
Duty Rate
Items. ———————_| per 100
| Unit | Rate pounds.
fish: | Pesos
DIVE -.2 2c sens iiatalats)atatnta(alaintalalata/ataisiatnin'a}a(n/a|s\a\aimiaia/efe\els aia einiiete (eee /=| Saar aci naa Hr: | Paracas
Common sorts, smoked, dried, salted, or pickled, as Halifax
and Newfoundland cod, herring, mackerel, skate, hake,
haddock, pressed sardines, exclusive of weight of brine..| 100 kilos....... 1.80 $0. 76
Superior sorts, dried er pickled, as anchovies, tunny fish,
salmon, cod sounds, Norwegian, Swedish, and Scotch cod,
stockfish, and other north European and all classes of live
and dried shellfish, including weight of brine and pack-
SP Onis Class)a- 2c once sone ee ee EE a sn Eee doweeessas 2. 85 1.20
Sardines preserved in tins, including package.............-..|/..... Gk) Scaaroce 12. 00 5. 04
Fish of other kinds preserved in oil, not specified above,
pickled or otherwise prepared; fresh or canned oysters,
CLO UN AC AE Ol 3. Scc-ts isa De ee ee ee oe ee ee ee | Pee GI) beranooe 1.80 - 76
Oil, fish, liquid, including weight of interior package when of
ESAS Se ee ee eis crores tera/ai= widen ota ac ome Ne otis Semen eee eo Gl) Seaeoaee 5. 20 2.19
oil, BOLIdHASISPELMACGbicn-a= os. 62-ececace ceceee een eee ee ane aleeec WG) seRsoane 4.50 1.89
Whalebone, coral, and mother-of-pearl, rough..............------ Kilogram ..... 1.50 | 63. 00
Whalebone, cut and prepared to be used, but unpolished........|..... Oolssce ssc 2. 60 109. 20
Whalebone, polished and prepared for use........ceeeeeeeeeeeeee|eee se (mane pace 2. 60 109. 20
ae) ey
562 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
PUERTO RICO.
[Peso—$0.926. Kilogram —2.2046 pounds. ]
Duty Rate
Items. = per 100
Unit. Rate. pounds.
Pesos.
Alimentary conserves.....--------------------------------------- Kilogram ..--. -01 4. 20
Coral andemophenot peat lm Obi Ubee eee — ae eeree ame arate eee ono - Glo) Sobascec 1.50 63. 00
Fish
Codfish SHLAA se Sociecooodaangoas sosesoDSSaScosacioaSsuo50e= 100 kilos\=2es-- 90 - 38
Fresh, Sale te smoked, pickled, and shellfish. -.-----..--.------]----- doses 50 . 38
TAA at soo cee soo ne easuEoboHonpeBecro onc catarcoceaeepSpdosss|ltnecosaceaseece Pree. .| 22 22.2
Gri S oes Sho poussececoedso boon bb.coca saApETOoS pomp ensbancscosnors 100 kilos ---.-- 4.50 1.89
WIPO Nite ao pose E eB Seee be np oo genes cosUsonaonacacscsucasoeons Kilogram ..... 1.50 63. 00
Spermaceti, manufactured or crude. ..---..------+---------------- 100 kilos ....-- 4.50 1.89
HAITI.
(Revised to September 1, 1893.)
[Gourde = $0. 965. |
Duty. Rate
Items. per 100
Unit. Rate. pounds.
Gourde. |
Alimentary conserves.-----.-----------------+-----++--------- | CBRN ceocccooes .10 $9. 65
Fish:
Anchovies—
Tin GPSS He 1) esl sonnos comoaanogsoonSonaco Dono SASbooads Dozen so... == 380 Vesecis =<
Tm pots) <= oe eee nn ee on nw eninin einen ve IH) scocagsosce BG) besoacoos=
Gili ish eocosepuasoopedcesossuoasecpesseacegasiosancoséas Cwt-..--- ses 1.40 ihe’
Codfish tongues, in kegs or pots.....------.---------------- IDEM eeeereces 612)\ 2255 eee
TO Sa sspondsooeoecaddass Leos osoS0e SSS suuaToboaneasosoassess Quintal.---.-- 2.00 1.93
Allewives---<----- Saab ooo SoS onoa Sse seonopoeoseoscaonesse Barneltee-e-ee 1.50 sta
EMO) KGS 55 Goscbonasdo soo cadenoascaososgasdotdscees IBOXe eae eee 06\ |<. seeseeee
Isiah ee ooh oesosn seco b soo sc0 SoeSasoameeUETses ompaGEoSDaor Barre)lieeer eer 1.50 72
smoked, in i or 3 barrel or box ..---..------,-..--. IDEXO Ns snccocase 106° |), 22 255ee
WYVONGYE = acon coeeegadass conanoucso suas soc asd0ndzisssa5nc ‘Bariele eee see 1. 50 212,
Oysters, pickled in kegs or pots........-.+------ Soaooogs005 IRWIN ssoacdass| BM eeonnc soc
Salmon— |
im barrelsi(200 pounds) seseeeas ses seer eee ere teen ee Barrell ss=eece- 1.50 B72}
Invlialteparre)silO0spOuUnGS) meee eee ee eee ea eerie Half-barrel - aD SIP
In quarter barrels (50 pounds) ...-.---..-.-.----.--..----. Quarter- nariell 37 - 72
Sardines— :
10m JoHweRES) 5 sa ooe coomosoadonconoDOSbaODSOMADDaOsODRSDSseads Barrell sec -50 |---- =e Be
IBN isos bas secosoonKS boo oSSSboosSDoSubeaascapoenoRossSe- put sponoescoac 20 |. -25eeeee
IGGL THEN HOPMIs) onc ocoe apoes Sse oose sanéoSoponeeaeesoor IBORP ees esee ees 210 | 22 aeeeee
Same whalteboxes peseeneee eerste etre teem enitcte ciate Half boxes - «06 |: 2 .cceeeree
Same, Guacuer DOXCS---=-— se =e ee eee = Quarter box . 04) eee
INTE kTO)sooaon cose sdooonce equeanesoGegdsBUoROSSHesosss55550% ipPoundy==rnee - 05 4, 82
his hhooks sASsOlnved escseeeee eee eee ee ese seem nece ee mee Thousand ..-- .50 |=.) 3ceeeee
TNE Hb boo osbononmenecogecsedussaucccoeescadseccadesct Poundeeeeee = 04 3. 86
Lei Ry ib oh5s6 5 NacanaSo aso s0D Sond sab noaddadooosuascdepadsclenssroustasodsee | 20 per cent. ||2osee meee
SHOSHTENUR os Sos sanhacosedzqe suqscasb so cdsoonsssocoushoonsnSé leeoundes=anese .10 9. 65
SHOMT EES, WD) Snomoonpescanne ses aanQoepcoeauosbone desearesoouc cen Otte nee . 35 | 33.77
COMMON OLN OTSeS meee eee eeiseteneee tee ies peter dogs -senc: . 06 5. 79
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES. 563
SANTO DOMINGO.
[Mexican dollar = $0.528. Liter —1.0567 quarts. Quintal—112 pounds. ]
Duty. Rate
Items. = or Ta —| per 100
Unit. Rate. pounds.
Mexican |
dollars.
Candles *spermisseeserce sent s caemcieiide csc cle ecisiocitecsisisiewcecclcce ss Quintal==-=--- 24. 00 | $11. 32
Coralinot madeyintoorndmentsi cess caccseemes seoccecoee cases ae Ronndeaeete a. 3. 60 | 190. 08
Fish:
PATH CHLONAGS beemiseictrciaratetae ele inicletslavaveisis sieseja/cleiete cial ealersreare aiclrarye me ete Pareja Oss occ .18 9. 50
Codadiyrontsall Gap eeee esses pctersate stelainiata afolaiceiais icici sinrei= tite aister mene Quintal ....... 1.80 . 85
erminpypmaked betes se crete S 2 eek ee nan Se ae eee ete doks zee 1.80 | .85
DORI = sdocsddesangcnos coc DU con EE ECB Rea SPER ab anpore | Barrelistesscs- 4.80 | EO
Mackerel Nowe e5- saeen se eiecnmec sesca acmeee secgeeks aeeeee eae Gli) aseeceue 7.20 | 1.90
ING) AL oddcamocossussncacasesde Seeniee onsite calendar aie lanes GO) ceteance 6.00 | 1.58
ING EER CAM See oRo CSE OS ARE Sao BESET ae ee pease eae es Baoan kt) Sareaerc 4.80 | 12t
OYStOrs whOW EVOL PACKE Gee sxe cele cas > eet peinina = '- yaa aia 5 eee Quintal....... 6. 00 2. 82
Balmons pickledtormupickled) 3-2 -- 2-4 s soe ae es eee FE) eee (i) ene ie20 3.39
SHIT ASH SENG | Soon Ge ogacamons ou Sono er Aonouar ad aoanaeaa anes toe aeeae (Gl Bececeoe 4.80 22
inloW whowevier packed) oes. sss2-5= 5 a= sseseee esse ceee Pound es ss--- .18 9.50
IUGR, MNS) - SS - Seoe odo Sagas auUEee boone ae SoD RERpEneeB Seppe res soo) SsuSedce . 06 | 3.17
TOL ace c ho ctandsA6ap GN CeASOr Bee SEU RH ee OE Es Seaman tse Preise Ge) se esaae 12 | 6.33
IQUE) So gcosbnMeseqooudeSokeL CHQSe AA Ab Sopranos see meceEeoeeeb saree doyecere: 90 47.52
JSS |phae Whines 5 Seb Osc GES COC DOGO CUEOS De AHA SAE SHEA Mone Hae msrresr Quintal....... 7. 20 3.39
CONN, aT! Mig: Sipe = eats bag a I aN Weiter ees aes 580. lets
ASCOlS 2 OUN COND MIA S reese ctor 2 een as eters ae ea Poundee== pe. 24 | 12. 67
Ai Geeta talsta ates eieisie sera siete etoie iwi iatetsteialasg sl deca Seon Gaciceed eisies Gallon2s2-=.-< 24 eit
HPEEMACEUINOL WHALC sens ss a ees isan eo seine ss once aetsieine oo= = tees neni doreress 2 30 1.58
GHP Serres ts al eee Sacra sere ena neem ene nina Meee s eee cet Ounces Ds G0) see. seer
IETESCLV OU cL OOO iN GANSe Mea uciae eee eee cine oncicre teen ek cee oemee Poundiee- see Bol 6. 33
SHORM ACCUICEUG Cerrone cece cies neice cicise seit eis se eicine enemeccce Quintal ....... 15. 00 7.07
MATUITAC UT OM reins rj ccienis sc cree oc oaecion eosin Scions does ace 30. 00 14.13
SHDOMAGOS} WING 5 0 SoSnebasucnsde qo0e cope pase ase LoE a accne eer bee Pounder es-eee 3. 60 190. 0&
GON ON ss aaee cee ee yah eet toate cea see mt staistere seca rl chiae leaees Of assheziee 2. 40 126. 72
Wiialebonomsceepernian scam ccmen tecstas sewn evine neewncs concen eee cee Rees doneicas. 5 15} 7.92
ARGENTINA.
(January 1, 1893.)
[Peso —$0.965. Kilogram —2.2046 pounds. |
Duty. Rate
Items. per 100
Unit. Rate. | pounds.
— = = == — —_ =
Pesos. |
J MANN A HG) 5 coe ase cou pone CO ee Be SEO EEE DOE EBEOEOSE BEE D SBE SEU CEoEe Grams: ==. =-< | 25) | |Paeracmevee
(COVE T Seach caentuocescbe et esencucecer HadEenous HeSbdarenermerceree Kilogram .....| 20 $8.75
Fish:
AOS Lier serra pt eee etc ey cicjoesieia/ scan semcicie a Soeis Sasa acca lake celeste Os ree. [Paisano oe
Cod andyothersimilariish censccis. joss sc sae see ccacee neo chere sue Kilogram -.... 09 3. 92
SAM Gun pleCOs anes se ea sete sae eee ceeecccecceas onsnee ceonal aes donee: a5 6.57
Codfish tongues, wrapping or vessel included................-- is) Ole toe tonic . 188 6. 04
Kish in brine or pressed, vessel included..-...............-----|..--. OW . 096 4,20
Fish and shellfish, preserved in oil or natural.................. eee Coweeereat .30 | 13.13
Herring— |
Smoked yin fink Gesac eee mensen sees te seses caes cnamess ae eclerctcy (ihe) cecsnaas 144 | 6. 29
Smoked inj DOX0s) o-oo ee eee Se see mee cane ease cculee ae @0iese cc S24 | 10. 5J
Oyaterstincludingcontainenseesssee cee ne mee eens een ae leas | dope: 09 3. 94
SHTIM PSY UL yas coo pile eet eae Cee ee meme tee acento COE easce: 312 | 13. 65
Stockfish, in bundles, including wrapper ......................|.-...- COpaeasen. .12) | 5. 26
LNB) Gal Gy: Sac eoe ce pepetec ec sh eacaecocbood -esduscdesussseT beeceened SAnee OPS 1.00 43.77
MIShHOOKS seiner. coca ste ats acer ata cee aeie as Sop eee ner cee een Beee Ot ase: pelo 6.78
Wil aie eels «ones ccen seam e tree en eE ee Mente ee serene aes 100 kilos .--.... 32 | 14
COUMMCOGMIVGR NS. a): o555 -ac5ns Uaslse coe em Cheese Some rae eee eae Kilogram ..... . 05 2.19
SEDO ean ene tee sone. wins cakes oie one Sere eae eee meee ae ae eee as Grameeeensea- 7365) |S2oeee eee
STOR ECU ccoconcoogausdeeceeasnnc arene nes sop cenesenecaceDOuaSEeE | Kilogram -..-. . 20 8.75
Spermaceti candles, in packages, including wrapper..............|.-... doreseee nce 220 9.85
Sponges:
ING HOL GOH Obere sacs oe wns ele wo esa ane cisene ee waa econ hee (GQ) 2ccckoce 12. 50 547.10
SHAE OTELOL Gbps ne cae ae a cee ee oe ee ree eee ee [Seere dom i222. 5. 00 218. 84
IS AUBEANORCATIAAL Onoerrece = om einem iaw viet eens eee eee eee eee ee eee haan opeeeeees 2. 00 87. 54
HOTINONSES ease eis atys eos S oe wise sane amie asa sci sees oaatseee oe |moeee (iieeaseoss . 875 38. 29
Medicated, Bahama, for scrubbing......-...22..-..sececes----|---0- dOre et ecsne 50 21. 88
{ |
564
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
BOLIVIA.
(Law of November 25, 1893.)
[Boliviano = $0.486. Kilogram — 2.2046 pounds. |
Duty Rate
Items. Sse = per 100
Unit Rate. pounds.
Bolivianos.
Ambergris .--..----2 +--+ --- 222-22 222-222 een renee eree: Keillooramiseees 18. 00 $396. 72
(Givi aaaoo as ooolo sb nSS een oseood saao~ a sea SR Epo Saab Sp SboS00 pe DolaaS52 GG Ssooecs 30 6. 60
Coral, in natural state.--..---------------- +--+ 22 eee eee ee eee ee e|- ose domeneeaee 1.50 33. 06
Fish:
(Giclees SoososnatoocepeopedabacnocabedecrosD so sanonodondo GoohboE. do) Ssase5ec . 0375 .83
Dried, smoked; not canned ....-.--------------------------+---|.---- GQ) ssoscea5- 03 . 66
Ghinmeel sss 055 te ehbesoededs asoocace sa oeoenegaousousocassososoMopbe dora eaes 05 1.10
Tha [MEuNeH Hey WMOlOO Ua coe eetmborase peebosaoeesdedemascaspadcoRoce ee dorset ase . 025 .55
Fish or shellfish, in oil or water ..-...------------------------ tees GIO) conker . 075 1. 65
Lobsters, shrimps, and oysters ---.--------------.--- ee oe Keser doy eree ees 05 1.10
Sardines, 1m Oil] fec- s2 = cl = se nine na = = ieee wml arene mim minim ialas || == lm GO soscecos - 0875 1.92
Wish glue... 2... 2. ee ceeeeee e ee ee nnenn eee aeeee Ose 22222 . 90 19. 84
Fishhoolks, all'sizes.--- +--+ ==. << -2o- 2 = wwe me mm winenin anl (evzetes GIO sesonsac 15 3. 30
Tsinglass -......cceee seen cence nee e ene ene n eee n eee e tee rereeer|aceee GD sconopac .18 3.96
Oil:
(Gol bits ss doadecooebcEp Eades Soeseseeas eeeEodeesoDobdooodabel/seres GX) Hosoo bas 21 4. 62
Wihale and seal, Crude. <= <= 2c = = ccm cee ene clelmioeinm = =l| elle le = OO Yodeados - 036 - 80
TO LONO| So noeraksas oo geaesuU Eb RSEacoudoosuese” eoarae GO zesenee . 06 1.32)
Sperm, crude). <5. = <2 e ao ae ceweieiae = = alae a a minis ie lol inie im wim elni = lease GIG) Cacensne . 06 1532
MOH Wess ee eee Bon aamanaeabonnde souOnooccesson|looongs GIO) aabonend aO5 2.31
Spermaceti, crude ..-.- duds dqone cdae es oaosDEs ao ocESsnuooRadCuaeseloccos dopetteee. 21 4. 63
TRUDE lesa Eo oOoR een Mean SEA San enosOBSaqCueCou oqenr Gofeweerrce . 30 6.61
SHOOMVEXEEL IMS) £6 SB age ee coucoee serene saasSsesaSsosceo9sCe0050000 boaac OO oocsccce 3. 60 79. 34
(OWN ssoosa doce oe seones co nooos Ee asencHpecHeseespecalbocss GO cece noce -15 16.53
VINEE OME, TOMGAMN SG 6 56 Anocoo cass Soce sess osobeaeoeousscancodarallocco: QO cocbsece 12 2.64
THVT ENON BURN 505 booadQoneSsHedoGousnesREqgDTOAGooCH||casoc domseccese 5 18) 16. 53
BRAZIL.
(Tariff promulgated by decree No. 836 of the Provisional Government on the 11th of
October, 1890.)
[Milreis—$0.546. Kilogram = 2.2046 pounds. Gram = 15.432 grains. ]
Duty. Rate
Items. per 100
Unit. tate. | pounds.
Milreis.
GMS oe 4a po nceseoodoosseaedes -egmad aoedaneoneqosmscasedosal) (Catiilssassado- +80) | SasceReee
Coral, branch or manufactured .--...-.--.----------------------- Kilogram ..--. 5. 00 $125, 82
Fish:
Dried, salted, or pickled,....-2.---s.2e- cece eee n eee e een ee saneen| nese GO) odconsas 04 1.00
IMSS ORO Roa coopeecanoescecdsesdeonyccndonbecdeouodcagea|loosdc COp seems: . 04 1.00
Sardines and) other preserved fish. o-oo saat el rele eer (WO) nessasac 48 11.88
JNO oe Doe eD ones Heo Semassoqcus ssdoracosoboodrasenasoccuood|aoases WlOy Bae Sboos wai) 17. 33
LONE T AID OYSS SUS a5 ae moe becouse Rs Cbee ec ddas deans eenpendsoG boODoCOTOn| neue GO) se secces 2.40 59. 42
Miother-of-pear), rough, sawed, or prepared .-2---.---- 22-22... = 2) 22h DOysusceues 164 15. 84
OMil, Were lieve Oe ao as oppee ce ead booue cade recon sa acopeoouacd|eaco. QO goescdes 36) 3. 70
jou TIES ee eRe oconascoesecatadsee oS 5 ee sor eeSeooes6SSououno|snoo6 dole aa eee . 50 2. 38
GO sbi hsete senso topo rosoauyedscosscdabrcous pbUSteonCEa SoS lodad4 dojea=seees. . 64 15. 84
STAGIIGS m@yncoleeyiieG lS oe eae be Soo onesosessdorsorredsposacsooodcod|soane doa teeee . 30 7.43
SPORMACCHIUe seeeefecicineicie ol nadandoondonosguo Sond cpuadoooNSEsCOoDeSdlloaser (iBaocbae . 40 9.90
Sponges:
IMG) caw San edecopababbocsGbe coco Ss Eee cosundossoboosbocSosseasedlocoos Ge eaaasce 14.00 346. 71
(Chane) Go cede sob odenaeoUnaoS SS 4sGesouRebcosegooeE: ssoeedeapsos||$5oa0 doweeresee 3. 00 74. 30
AWAKE WONG) Gubooconecoasoen seh conncobeSoUndoDEdaLdEdasooEEsEDoSDe|sa60d I) GScusa0s . 26 6, 44
ae
FOREIGN FISHERY-TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES.
CHILE.
/Peso = $0.912. Kilogram = 2.2046 pounds.
8 I
565
| Duty.
Rate
Items. per 100
Unit. Rate. pounds.
Pesos.
J TAOS) haga oanadkddcs Hep o od So SUE BE Sa Be sbencCoucapSHacraes | Kilogram -..-.. 15. 00 $620. 50
(Coral ntonyeln Oe Od Gtel S555 85 soe Soopsasesscenoes some mseceE Rees oie ne ea Fae 15 perCenten|s-csseasee
(CaaG Se, Sa eONCAE 5 haces adsannob socoqseoasseeegsasSessear | Kilogram ..... «30 1.49
Caviar, in wood, including package .---. jn ongapadeoodsesndoes ade xe dO sere 28 11.58
Fish:
Anchovies, sardines, ete., dried, smoked, or in brine—
Tha reel, AROS Weed thy CA oS6 enh Soe seseesaeeosode soar Isnbus Glo) -Socsc5e «0595 | 2.40
In tin, crockery, or glass, gross weight....--.....-.---|.--.- Clones . 0875 3. 60
Codfish, mackerel, ete., dried, smoked, or in brine—
ba YWPOOC HEMOTS WABI Bee posta doce codsoeeemoeeaseoease loses OWererea es . 042 1.72
Ton (hin, Tino heualn ayes ape RS) Ke oe Aone poseroon os escoece|lsocec don ereeia . 0595 2. 40
Fish tongues, in brine, gross weight .......-.-------.------ Neoape dO eases . 105 4.30
Large dogfish, in packing cloth, gross weight....-.---.----|----- GNIS SS- sei . 0525 2.17
Lobsters and shrimps, in water, gross weight..-...-------- [Beene dopetecert . 0875 3. 60
Oysters, in water, in tin, crockery, or glass, gross weight...|-.-..- doje. sms . 0875 3. 60
Salmon, in water, in tin, crockery, or glass, gross weight.--|...-.- Otacseness . 0875 3. 60
Salmon, dried, smoked, or in brine, in wood, gross weight---|---.- dO oss! . 0595 2. 40
ria ata re Cel OY abe keR JH VO ENA) Oe “ee SA RB Np oe ooaenceeoear|losoes Ue reeciaerc 077 3.19
Sardinesiim ory eross) weighs anna ee llaleel= =~ = <= t= I eeerator domeeassee . 1225 5.10
IMATE Ren ees aree an See B CHAGHGHOeOcH bose onesar cca seenaaae [odecd Oorsaes ee 0625 | 2257
Hishhooks, including: wrapper. -...-........------------------|----- GG Ae eabs ar 15 6.20
INNS ANE ENS) = sono sonogs apeneoe akboreHSocacboseoe uses enescucne \Heareen a eamarce 15) percents |e aac== a
Isinglass, shredded, including wrappings --....--------------- Kilogram ..... ott 31. 08
Oil:
(Mod Min Orta ate es assests co laeiel aeeenitalern clom\n ne bese Sajsisiaeaiels lances (ike Sobooaoe LTD 7.20
Watialevor seal \crude, STOSsSs WeleWt=- a= =.= cose en ele 222m = = dojaeee-eee . 0325 1.85
MennedsoROSS wel Otis eae aes eee eee lara lereleat Gols szecees . 055 PRCA
PPEMMTCLUCe TOLOSSaWiOl A bem tetam tsetse retains a ale ataee = as alate rain | ie oro dose a2 06 2.47
TEI ACEL MARIS WENN eee
Oysters and lobsters, including packages.......-..--..-.------- Kilogram -.-... 30 14. 10
Bes eo doco 07 3.29
im jarsiorerocks, ancludine packages ==. eee = === nee een seise = ots ee 10 4.70
preserved fish, including, package secwcccisecsnceceese sn eeecee seeiee Gk) scocosee 30 14.10
Sardines—
myo vin cluding paAckeces sana areas mecise erection asta eeet cemee do soaece .30 14. 10
IPRRERRGOL fa dostel WS! Meo ononoaccoo hao wNa coo ae Scedoodcacanasese|ococe dojeeeereee - 05 2.35
Pickled, in boxes or casks, gross weight. -...-...----------=---|----- i eseeeaee 07 3. 29
Pickled, in jars, cans, or crocks, including package. .-...-----|.---- Colts eae aes . 30 14.10
Mishhooks, notisned ded 2 4e2 Sees ae clase a secieeis soe see heen |Peeee ones. -31 14. 57
Snedded .~ s- 55. 0 2) $4.12
Fish: }
ried pickled ior saltads casas sateen nee ase oe eee Oh tetecpeeeoee 10 0 PI
Pottediandspreservedss-s-ess2s2 aoe sete ese ce leke eos nel Pound =e s.02-- 0 2 4.12
Oysters: preserveditice see se cee oe eee ene eet eee tae domes see Om 4.12
Sardines as cet ene 1 ine taming ieee gan OPES LAE Oe Ae 3 tac ees Se 0 2 4.12
rATICHOVIES SAlveCi MICAS keen saat eee ako ean eon e | Be en Se | BTeGt,|soec-ee eee
Mishin PINES pce ae ae ar eee eee eee eee at lt aR aeons Siete 20per cenit lsas-see eee
ahead YS reer Sas Soe Seah C oe aS Ee aoe Ree ee Rae meee [topes Nate ioe |) lompericenth |ecscerecee
ISHV BUG soot ete neler eee eee ae Roa eee tetas cine os TING Sore ese 14 | 3. 09
Oukcodbliver ish whale; andisealeess ome seeee ism cee a een aan ee eee Tee:)|/;2-s- css
570 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES,
AUSTRALASIA.—QUEENSLAND.
(Revised to October 4, 1892.)
Duty. Rate
Items. r per 100
Unit. Rate. pounds.
Fish: : Sanda
JN TOAD Gye [ANG paseo coe oobaseSe cossodsonomosEsecogoae (C\As coosnbeos 510 $1.08
Mrredvam dss ted yee ea ae a eats se ese ere ieee ee GO) ssebacce 5 0 1.08
Preserved, potted or paste -..-.-..-.--....--..------.---. Poon dee 2 4.12
SMGONNEE) (oo cad cesnceDob waSepDsondededSadanouacosseasssoos 12 pounds..--. 2 0 4.05
Fishing material........----....--------------------. -<0---|---------------- MOMS |ESeomcasoc
Oil:
(Chara! biyere, seveab yen. oh ook Sagnebsscnsesseesncccscos0q0° Galloneeeeraes i WOW eae
1G, ReRNL ehaGl {Wan Coons ooceamonsonnosdancondoccosesobdlacses dOss5 eee CR ep eecars.
SIt@ney aia dadsbososcdes deed hoe beeoogoseasesadscogge cone ssocoo lscymepsepboahace IUCN |poscossoce
AUSTRALASIA—TASMANIA.
Duty. Rate
Items. per 100
Unit. | Rate. pounds.
Fish: | ih wh
Ib PHCNIEGye Ae co sashodSonnoacabe senses sb Snob seooNNSeKsd| |poapodessosoooor | 124 per cent.
riedrandisal bed ve sseeeces access ae eee ciate eieeiaee aces Pounder sae 1 $2.06
Preserved, poured! on pastemee=rmeee es ceri cieese= alee aera eatateie ele et| UP Ter Mig | Saaaconsac
WHER a aomQborde Da SoO DOSES OUOn SATA bac Osbo Sco DOnDGOabORS| bo scUnadaosoSoD0 12% per (Cent. ||P meee
Sidi bith oompelsseceroeriae Boca acuodostob ome morceeasceracel p>ocbosedabaaace 124 percent. 5... =... se
TOTS arya Ee aa conaGenssadancocaée a osbessooasSsscddessaoosea|booodsoodoooesSS |) 2k per Cenitiayleeeacisetee
Ateae DUST Alsen OO COLG 20 O ema eleete elslateleterstalaletefel=leleleletetelel=| atersielsteteletetetelet ier | 12% per cent. |<< 22. cene
il: |
Coshbhyee EIN os 4 sopbongoaadoaadaussadsoudQnddd lodenobeecsacngos 124 per CSN ten |aeetalte rile
Tnens SEI Amal ANG a 65 sae anoono Sanson socagsoedsSo9s0s Galloneeeeeee- WS) beibesessce
SDODPCS): et viiaisinasice swscdmiociaeeciseie vie'e/alsic(e slsiniainie G/etesiatelareja’e| sie felelelsisisisisenisieiate | W2spericent. \|s-emsesees
AUSTRALASIA—SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
Duty. Rate
Items. a ee EDO LALOD)
Unit. Rate. pounds.
Fish: Pence.
Dried and salted, and sardines (except in pickle or brine)-| Pound.....-.-. 1 $2. 06
leer DAvGt les eobebobbousaasnoe scecasascenosGarappeesaesccas||-oase dO: assem 2 4.12
IMG Mra) See ob ascia soos com ecendacdeadoGoasassccuecsadosolenane dorse-eece 2 4.12
MIBHINOMEUS soscca cise e ee eels elec ler oe ee esas Ie clei stonas sche era eae ier peisiete aes Wree: |ea20-- see
(O71 TSS Sean ee a Nea he atonei so ahem sacm ee aa tr tes ssictg ssaueaoaeas Free. laches
PPOAT IG HON SO Ge sian cosets ane aera neeree See estos aisle eine loeeas | eieesersiae pereene Free, |:-:-s.s2ee
PAUMOTHEES 2 swecis ca saiicrsisiate wicete Sono aw tees eso meen see lose alee lbeele min otiserenetes 12'sper'cent. |\i2as-eesee
AUSTRALASIA—VICTORIA.
(Revised to March, 1894.)
Duty. Rate
Items. = = per 100
Unit. Rate. pounds.
Pence.
Wandlesh Sperm = mccee nese ae ce ose eee eee eee Poundieeesaiee 2 $4. 12
IMG b= Sea Gkabonseto sues us ssbocucaspAdSqposancsancdodasosodd nosso sunensdoss 20 per cent. |------.---
Ou fish® od SEO te ay, “hey 7 : ea
oy Thee Pree ere 1” my bias ee
™~ PANT A EE va iaioh an
Pi '” dubs ©. Cy . i.e -
Pe 7
BuIPTie | i Lies ' : cis
/ ee Fe, ae ees |
| oo.
ive | i i Avy rhe wEy ets k tel bYs- ti Lee ORR TS ALss U5 ed 5 4, Een
ha 7A 4 Ta 1 aren ee pie’ KER OL frrys Wyk Mebbsiincags b 1
: ony Ax ¥ : teh a Pr? ’ Nr, eataer es Pett: Teds ih oem) bee © at a
“1 \ " 7
; } i 9 00h i ee
Vee a .
‘ ‘ = " call th i pace Teh Tk '
Rader PSULe, 7.) 5 Pie) ele } ;
eT ey Bs td ae ni Ae a) + ; * > +“\ iaees Adee ee
Br) . yon. wee “Tr , ‘ 7 : eketars vas! 6) oe
- | . lt F P cs oat (Ua Ee Berl Cee Beis)
prem fay fa.) ug He A eee a eee al il pe
a ‘i s 5 = ty a)
Sipe
eh ehe uy pea
‘
46a Veii ~ } te | 4
aa}
.
;
A '
j
J t a
— YT i hie
7.—REMARKS ON THE MOVEMENTS AND BREEDING-GROUNDS
OF THE FUR-SEAL, BASED ON OBSERVATIONS MADE WHILE
ON THE UNITED STATES NAVAL PATROL OF BERING SEA
IN 1894,
3Y JOHN J. Brick, Commander, United States Navy.
Under the terms of the award of the Bering Sea arbitration tribunal,
as enacted into law by the act of Congress of April 6, 1894, the fur-seal
received the following protection while absent from its breeding-grounds
on the Pribilof Islands:
(1) Immunity from pursuit or capture at any time and in any manner
in Bering Sea within a radius of 60 geographical miles of the seal
islands.
(2) Further immunity from pursuit or capture in any manner between
May 1 and July 31, inclusive, in that part of the Pacific Ocean, including
Bering Sea, north of the thirty-fifth degree of north latitude and east
of the one hundred aud eightieth degree of longitude from Greenwich
continued as far north as the sixtieth degree of latitude; thence the
protected area is bounded by a line drawn northeast to the center of
Bering Strait.
(5) Immunity from pursuit by any other than sailing vessels and
canoes or undecked boats propelled by sails or oars.
(4) Immunity from capture by nets, firearms, air guns, or explosives,
except that shotguns may be used outside of bering Sea during the
lawful season.
The migrations of the fur-seal are so regular and well marked that
they are easily taken advantage of by sealers, who know where the seal
herd may be looked for at any given time. The seal is thus differently,
and much more unfavorably, placed as regards natural protection
than are some other marine mamimals that are sought by man, the
whales, porpoises, and sea-otter, for instance, whose movements are
either irregular or not fully understood by the hunters.
The movements of pelagic animals are intiuenced to a very great
extent by the temperature of the water in which they exist. The
migratory instinct, whether leading them to feeding-grounds or to
breeding-grounds, appears to be dominated by the water temperature.
In the case of oceanic fishes like the cod and mackerel, and of anadro-
mous fishes like the salmon and shad, the determination of the time
and general course of their migrations by the water temperature is
575
574 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
well recognized. This same influence is not less strikingly exemplified
in the extensive migrations of the Alaskan fur-seal, which cover
diagonally 25 degrees of latitude, and, following the route of the herds,
embrace a distance of over 2,500 miles, which is traversed when the
seals are bound north to their breeding-grounds in Bering Sea and
again when they seek the coast of the United States after the breeding
season.
The fur-seal, although usually described as having almost human
intelligence, is really a rather stupid animal, whose reputation for intel-
ligence is based largely upon appearances (especiaily its soft, beautiful
eyes, which appeal to one in their apparent innocence) and upon the
cleverness displayed in finding its way over immense distances in the
ocean. Great stress has been laid on the latter faculty, which has been
a matter of more or less speculation. In this and most other move-
ments, however, the fur-seal is very largely governed by the tempera-
ture of the water, and is controlled by circumstances rather than
guided by intelligence, as it requires but little mental capacity to carry
out the laws that nature has provided for it by which it finds its way
to distant points in the ocean. When compared with the subtle instinet
displayed by many species of migratory birds on their way to and from
the same regions resorted to by the fur-seal, the movements of the
latter are rather commonplace. Combined with the directing influence
of the temperature of the water is the wonderful rapidity of action
which enables the animal to cover with little effort a vast area of ocean
in a remarkably short time.
The lonely and remote islands of St. Paul and St. George are admi-
rably adapted for the breeding purposes of the fur-seal, and are the only
islands in the eastern part of Bering Sea or the North Pacific Ocean
suited to the requirements of this animal. Owing to the stupidity of
the seals they are almost defenseless when on shore, and many would
fall an easy prey if the islands were infested with predatory mammals
or birds, while their timidity would probably cause the eventual
abandonment of the islands if, while on the rookeries, they were liable
to the sights and sounds of modern civilization.
The seals leave the rookeries in the fall and are driven out of Bering
Sea by the decreasing temperature of the water as winter approaches.
They then seek the more genial waters off Vancouver and California.
On withdrawing from Bering Sea, they follow its current south through
the passes in the Aleutian Islands and then meet with the Japan
current, which leads them to the coast of Alaska, where there is an
abundance of food. Thence they follow the cold current down the coast
to Vancouver, off which land the old male seals remain and disperse
over the adjacent ocean, having found a temperature suited to their
condition in a region well stocked with fish food.
The old male seal is six or eight times larger than the female, and,
having a superabundance of fat, requires a lower temperature of water
OBSERVATIONS ON THE FUR-SEAL. 515
in which to live than do the female and young male seals. This fact
accounts for the separation of the old males from the rest of the herd.
The females and small seals of both sexes continue their southward
movement in the cold Humboldt current off the coast of California,
where, having found the slightly higher water temperature adapted to
their needs, they disperse over the ocean in search of food.
The same laws govern the seals on their way to the breeding-grounds,
combined with the strongest instincts in all animals—propagation and
care of the young. In spring the old males are the first to become
uneasy under the increasing temperature of the water, which has risen
from about 42° F. early in February to 50° late in April, the normal
temperature sought by the seals being between 40° and 46°. To seek
relief by reducing the temperature, they start toward the north (the
only direction in which this object can be attained), and, guided by
the cold stream which flows along the coast of Alaska and Vancouver,
they are led in the direction of the rookeries.
The course of the seal herd to the Pribilof Isiands, by the cold cur-
rents which flow from that direction through the passes in the Aleutian
chain, is only interrupted near the “ Fairweather Ground” off Sitka,
where the influence of the warm water of the Japan current causes
some confusion in the progress of the seals. This region is much
resorted to by the pelagic hunters and is a vast slaughtering-ground.
Off Sitka large portions of the herd are often found, in their bewilder-
ment, heading in various ways, and sometimes they make considerable
progress in the direction from which they have come; but finally the
seals get within the influence of the cold stream in the vicinity of
Kadiak and then, through the passes in the islands, they enter Bering
Sea and are virtually on the breeding-grounds.
The females and young males are influenced in their northern move-
ments by the same conditions which affect the old males. The females,
however, on account of their being with young, make slower progress
than the others, and are easily approached and killed when fatigue
compels them to rest at the surface of the water. The presence of food
off the coast and estuaries of the rivers also affects in some degree the
course of the seals.
The feeding habits of the breeding males are similar to those of some
fish, as, for instance, the salmon. During their absence from the rook-
eries they accumulate a vast amount of energy and food in the form of
fat, which is deposited under the skin, in the muscles, and about the
viscera; so that after the breeding season begins they abstain wholly
from food and, during a period of more than three months, retain their
vitality by assimilating the stored fat, while the other seals are obliged
to make frequent excursions to the fishing banks. In like manner, after
the salmon leave the ocean, enter the rivers, and commence their long
journey to the spawning-grounds, they eat nothing, but maintain their
strength on the fat with which they were fortifying themselves while at
576 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
sea, together with the supply of nourishment from the disintegration of
the oil-bearing tissues surrounding the ovarian and spermatic parts,
which begins as soon as the fish enter the streams.
Aside from the destruction of the females and young by sealing in
Bering Sea, the animals are disturbed or harassed at a time when
they have sought seclusion to rear their young. Already a restless-
ness and a change in the habits of the seals have been observed which
are indications of the breaking up of the herd. The use of firearms
for killing seals in Bering Sea being prohibited by law, the spear has
been substituted. The silent destruction of the latter instrument does
not frighten the seals, and its aim is more certain and deadly than the
rifle or shotgun. The warning noise of the firearm renders the seals
more shy and wary as the season progresses, but with the spear the
slaughter of unsuspicious animals continues uninterruptedly from the
commencement to the end of the season. Asa proof of this, it is only
necessary to cite the wonderful catch of the sealing schooners this
year by means of the spear. Notwithstanding the comparative unfa-
miliarity of most of the crews with the use of the spear, the number of
seals secured by the pelagic sealers was greater than ever before, and
the catch is almost certain to increase year by year, as the men become
more dexterous in handling the spear, provided the supply of seals
holds out. Instead, therefore, of the prohibition of firearms in Bering
Sea being a serious restriction on the depredations of the sealers, it
really aids them and renders the rookeries even more lable to rapid
decimation than they were under previous regulations.
It is reported that the catch of seals by predatory sealers in 1894 was
in the neighborhood of 105,000. Of this number about 57,000 seals
were taken from the herds belonging on the Asiatic shores of the North
Pacific Ocean and the remainder, 48,000, from the Alaskan herd. In
the previous year the seals secured from the herd rendezvousing at the
Pribiiof Islands numbered about 36,000, and in 1892 about 25,000. Of
the seals from the Alaskan rookeries taken by pelagic sealers in 1894,
about 80 per cent were killed by vessels clearing from Victoria, B. C.,
and 20 per cent by vessels from United States ports.
The prohibition of pelagic sealing between May 1 and July 31, during
which time the seals are moving northward off the coasts of the United
States, British Columbia, and southeast Alaska and entering Bering
Sea, necessarily concentrated the operations of the sealers on Bering
Sea—that is, during the breeding season. The numbers of seals killed
beyond the 60-mile zoue in Bering Sea between August 1 and August
15, 1894, were large, and perhaps 75 or 80 per cent were nursing females
that had left their pups on the Pribilof Islands and gone for food to
the cod banks lying from 75 to 200 miles from the rookeries. The
death of a female seal under these circumstances meant also the death
of her young by starvation. It is therefore evident that more harm is
OBSERVATIONS ON THE FUR-SEAL. HTT
done to the seal herd in the few weeks of sealing in August than at
any other time.
Permission was given by the Treasury Department to the lessees of
the seal islands to kill 20,000 young male seals in 1894. Notwithstand-
ing that only 7,500 seals had been killed there during each of the pre-
ceding years and only 14,000 and 20,000, respectively, during the third
and fourth years before (against 100,000 annually for many years with-
out any detriment to the herd before the ravages of the poacher
began), the lessees were able to obtain only 16,000 marketable skins of
young male seals.
The preservation of the Alaskan fur-seal under existing conditions
and regulations rests on the very slender contingency of the prevalence
of tempestuous weather during the month of August. Two or three
weeks of good weather at this time, by permitting the sealers to operate
without interruption outside the 60-mile zone and on the feeding-grounds
of the female seals, mean the ultimate and rapid destruction of the
seal herd on the Pribilof Islands.
The Bering Sea question, when stripped of the maze of minor points
and diplomatic usages incident to its discussion and adjustment, offers
the following definite alternatives of settlement:
(1) Shall the United States Government effectually and forever ter-
minate this international dispute by absolutely annihiiating the Alaskan
seal herd as the animals arrive on the seal islands? or
(2) Shall the United States permit the pelagic poachers of British
Columbia to destroy the seals on their way to the rookeries and in the
vicinity, and thus ultimately destroy the legitimate industry of killing
selected seals on the islands? or
(3) Will the British Government enact laws to protect an industry
which is now generally conceded in America to have from the outset
been of more commercial interest to Great Britain than to the United
States?
The first proposition may seem neediessly harsh and cruel, but the
action indicated is indeed humane and is fully warranted by the facts
that no amount of protection under existing regulations is adequate to
preserve the seal herd and that the patrol of Bering Sea by American
naval and revenue vessels does not prevent the havoe wrought by the
pelagic hunters in killing annually 25,000 or 30,000 nursing female seals
and leaving their pups to die of starvation, besides sacrificing the same
number of unborn seals. No one who has had the opportunity to visit
the seal islands during the breeding season and witness the distressing
spectacle of thousands of young seals in various stages of starvation will
fail to acknowledge the merciless barbarity of pelagic sealing and the
humane principle involved in the proposition to wipe out the Alaskan
seal herd at one blow.
F. R. 94—— 37
8.—AN ANNOTATED CATALOGUE OF THE FISHES KNOWN FROM
THE STATE OF VERMONT.
By Barton W. EVERMANN AND WILLIAM C. KENDALL.
This paper is based chiefly upon observations and collections made
in July, 1894, by the senior author and Mr. Barton A. Bean, of the
United States National Museum, while engaged in the investigation of
the waters along the Canadian border of the United States under the
direction of Mr. Richard Rathbun, the representative of the United
States on the International Fishery Commission.
The report upon the special purpose of the investigation has been
made to Mr. Rathbun. The present paper is a report upon the species
of fishes collected or known to occur in the waters of Vermont. We
have included not only the species obtained in 1894, but all others
which have been recorded from that State by other writers.
The only ichthyologist who has written extensively upon the fishes
of Vermont is the Rev. Zadock Thompson, of Burlington. In 1842
Mr. Thompson published his ‘History of Vermont, Natural, Civil,
and Statistical, in three parts, with a new map of the State and
200 engravings.” Twenty-five pages of this interesting and very
creditable volume are devoted to the fishes of the State. Not only
does he give a catalogue of the species known to him to oceur in
the State, but much interesting information concerning the habits of
many of them. This list and the annotations are particularly valuable,
as they are based almost wholly upon the personal observaticns of Mr.
Thompson, who was for many years a careful and conscientious student
of the natural history of the region in which he lived.
The total number of species of Vermont fishes listed by Mr. Thomp-
son is 48; these represent 43 species as we now understand them.
Among the species, listed the following were described as new: Pime-
lodus vulgaris (Ameiurus vulgaris), Lepisosteus lineatus (the young of L.
osseus), Esoxv nobilior (Lucius masquinongy), and Salmoperca pellucida
(Percopsis guttatus).
The following table gives the nominal species listed by Mr. Thompson,
together with our identification of each and the water from which each
was recorded.
a7g9
580 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
List of the fishes given in Thompson’s Natural History of Vermont.
Nominal species.
ge}
~
its}
®
Identification.
Locality.
129 | Perea serrato-granulata -.
130 | Lucio-Perca americana. ...
130 | Pomotis vulgaris ..-....-.
131 | Pomotis megalotis .-.-....
131 | Centrarchus eneus..-..--
131 | Centrarchus fasciatus - --.
132 | Etheostoma caprodes ..-..
133 | Corvinaoscula.-.......---
133 | Catostomus cyprinus ....-
Catostomus oblongus...-..
134 | Catostomus teres -...-....
135 | Catostomus nigricans.....
135 | Catostomus longirostrum.-
185 | Leuciscus pulchellus ..-...
136 | Leuciscus crysoleucas....
=
w
=
136 | Leuciscus atronasus....-.
.137 | Hydrargyra fusca -.-.--..-
Lote MUSOXVOSLORee ee ee seeeeee ee
138 | Esox reticulatus..........
138 | Pimelodus vulgaris...-...-.
139 | Pimelodus nebulosus -.--.
139) Pimelodus\sp:? -3---.-----
140) | Salmo/salars.-.5-......---
140 | Salmo namaycush ........
141 | Salmo fontinalis ........--.
142 | Osmerus eperlanus ..-.-..-
143 | Coregonus albus.-.-......-
144 | Alosa vulgaris.....-...--.
144 | Hiodon clodalus ........--.
145 | Lepisosteus oxyurus...-..-.
145 | Lepisosteus lineatus....-.
146 | Lota maculosa.--..-...-..
147 | Lota compressa ...........
147 | Murzena vulgaris. .. ....
148 | Murvna bostoniensis-.-.--.
148 | Murzena argentea...--....
149 | Acipenser rubicundus .--.
149 | Acipenser oxyrhynchus -.
150 | Petromyzon nigricans ....
150 | Ammoceetes concolor -..-.
30*)| Lucio-perca canadensis - --
31 | Boleosoma tessellatum. --.
31 | Cottus gobioides..........
32 | Leuciscus atromaculatus -
oZnl PHSOxMObIOT epee se eeeeeee
34 | Coregonus clupeiformis.- --
35 | Amia ocellicauda .........
Stizostedion vitreum ..--...-..
Lepomis gibbosus ........--.-
Lepomis megalotis.....-...--.
Ambloplites rupestris ---..-..
Micropterus dolomieu ....-..-
Rercina caprodes----e.-e-=--
Aplodinotus grunniens -.--.--
Carpiodes thompsoni..-.-.---
Moxostoma aureolum......--.
Catostomus nigricans..--...--.
Catostomus catostomus.-..----
Semotilus corporalis..........
Abramis crysoleucas.-.-.....---
Rhinichthys atronasus -.-...--
Wimibra simile ciara alee ree
IDEKoheY Kelty oc oocasosasse
Lucius reticulatus .-..-.-..--.
AMCIUEUS WUC aris sees eeemcs =
Ameiurus nebulosus.......--.
Ameiurus lacustris........---
Nalmo salar eeeeerecascteeaceee
Salvelinus fontinalis........--
Osmernushnordaxceseeeeeee eee
Lepisosteus osseus (young)-.--
Lota lota maculosa.-.-...2_-.-
Acipenser rubicundus ---...-.-.
Acipenserrubicundus (young)
Petromyzon marinus. .-..--.--
Icthyomyzon concolor ...-.---.
Stizostedion canadense -.-----
Boleosoma nigrum olmstedi -.
Cottus gracilis gobioides -..-...
Semotilus atromaculatus. -----
Lucius masquinongy.--.---.--
Percopsis guttatus...........-
Argyrosoma artedi.---.-.-----
ATMA Cal Vases ceca eater
Lake Champlain basin.
Do.
Do.
Connecticut River at Barnet.
Lake Champlain basin.
Vermont.
Lake Champlain basin.
Lake Champlain.
Vermont.
| Lake Champlain basin.
Do.
Walpole, Mass.
Vermont.
Lake Champlain basin.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
' Connecticut River basin.
| Lake Champlain.
Connecticut River at Barnet.
| Winooski River; Lake Champlain.
| Lake Champlain and Connecticut
| _ River.
| Lake Champlain; ponds in western
art of State; Orleans County;
ellwater Pond in Barton; sevy-
eral ponds in Glover, Charleston,
ete.
Vermont.
| Lake Champlain.
Do
| Connecticut River.
Lake Champlain.
| Lake Champlain; Winooski River:
Winooski River at Burlington.
Lake Champlain basin.
| Connecticut River basin.
| Vermont.
| Connecticut River basin.
Vermont.
Lake Champlain.
Do.
Vermont.
Winooski River.
Lake Champlain.
Vermont.
River Lamoille, Johnson, Vt.
Western part of State.
River Lamoille.
Lake Champlain at Burlington and
Winooski River.
Lake Champlain.
Lake Champlain at Whitehall and
mouth of Otter Creek.
* These references, pp. 30 to 35, indicate pages in the appendix.
A few other writers have mentioned one or more species each from
waters of this State. In 1817, in the Journal of the Academy of Nat-
ural Sciences of Philadelphia (p. 102), LeSueur described as new Catos-
tomus longirostrum (Catostomus catostomus) from the State of Vermont.
In the same Journal for 1818 (p. 421) Rafinesque described as new
KHxoglossum nigrescens (Hxoglossum maxillingua) from Lake Champlain.
In 1842, DeKay, in the volume on fishes of his Natural History of New
York (p. 209), described as new Leuciscus nitidus (Semotilus corporalis)
from Lake Champlain, and on page 383 of the same volume he describes
as new Ammocetes unicolor (Petromyzon marinus unicolor) from a speci-
men sent him from Lake Champlain by Zadock Thompson.
FISHES OF VERMONT. 581
In 1850 Girard (Proce. Amer. Assoc. Ady. of Sci., 1, 1850, 411, and
Proce. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 111, 1850, 189; also monograph of Cottoids,
in Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 55, December, 1851)
deseribed as new Cottus gobioides from “a specimen of 4 inches that
we have had figured {and for which] we are indebted to the kindness
of Rey. Z. Thompson, of Burlington, to whom it was presented by Mr.
Ransom Colberth, who caught it in June, 1844, while fishing for the
brook trout in a branch of the Lamoille River, in the town of Johnson,
Lamoille County.”
He also deseribes as new Cottus boleoides, from a series of individuals
collected by Ed. Cabot, esq., of Boston, at Windsor, Vt. In 185d
Agassiz gave the original description of Carpiodes thompsont in the
American Journal of Science and Arts (p. 76), the type locality being
Lake Champlain; and in 1872 Duméril, in his Histoire Naturelle des
Poissons (vol. U1, p. 419), describes the bowfin (Amia calva) as new,
giving it the name Amia thompsoni. The specimen described came
from Lake Champlain, and was sent to the Paris Museum by Zadock
Thompson.
The waters of Vermont are chiefly tributary either to the St. Law-
rence or the Connecticut River. In the southwestern part of the State
a small area has its drainage westward into the Hudson. About
two-thirds of the western boundary of the State is formed by Lake
Champlain, into which flow the principal rivers of Vermont, among
them being the Missisquoi, Lamoille, Winooski, and Otter. The outlet
of Lake Champlain is the Richelieu River, which joins the St. Lawrence
at the head of Lake St. Peter. The northeastern portion of Lake
Champlain is Missisquoi Bay, which is crossed by the international
boundary, and lies, therefore, partly in Canada. This bay is important
in that it contains extensive spawning beds of the wall-eyed pike and
the shadwaiter, and more commercial fishing has been carried on here
than elsewhere in the lake in recent years.
Just east of the middle of the northern boundary of the State is
Lake Memphremagog, one of the most beautiful bodies of water to be
found anywherein America. It extends for 30 miles in a general north-
and south direction, the international boundary line crossing it about 8
miles from the southern end. The greatest width of this lake is said
to be about 6 miles, but the average probably does not exceed 2 miles:
That portion of the lake lying in Vermont is comparatively shallow, the
depth rarely exceeding 18 or 20 feet; near the State line it is probably
25 feet or even more. On the Canadian side the depth is much greater ;
at one place, near the Mountain House, about 8 miles north of the Ver-
mont line, a depth of 700 feet is said to have been found. The south
end of the lake has a sandy bottom in most places, with some gravel:
At Horseneck Island is a ledge, apparently of limestone, which almost
reaches the surface. The bottom on the Canadian side has more grayel .
and numerous rock ledges.
582 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
In most places the shores of the lake rise gently into low mountains,
which are covered with forests of birch, maple, fir, pine, beech, cotton-
wood, and other hardwood trees. At several places on the Canadian
side the shores are rocky and rise abruptly.
The outlet of Lake Memphremagog is the St. Francis River, which
flows into that expansion of the St. Lawrence River known as Lake
St. Peter.
The principal streams flowing into Lake Memphremagog are Black,
Barton, and Clyde rivers, all of which enter near the south end of the
lake. These are all clear and rather swift streams, but the water is not
cold. The temperature in Clyde River in 2 feet of water at noon, July
23, was 79°. This stream was examined at various places in the last
4 miles of its course and was found to be quite rocky and full of snags
in places.
Collections were made in the lake at the camp of Hon. L. D. Miles,
about 4 miles down the east shore from Newport. A small stream
flowing into the lake near here was much colder, and a spring near by
had a temperature of 48°.
The Connecticut River forms the entire eastern boundary of Vermont.
It receives a number of tributaries from Vermont, but the only ones
from which collections have been made are Sleeper and Passumpsic
rivers, near St. Johnsbury.
Sleeper River was examined July 25, through more than 2 miles of
its course, near the United States fish-hatchery. At that time the
stream was 30 to 50 feet wide and 4 to 2 feet deep, with occasional holes
of considerable depth. The bed is mostly of rock, apparently a mica-
ceous schist, with a thin coating of gravel, shingle, and sandy mud.
The water was clear and apparently pure, but not cold.
The Passumpsie was examined July 26 about 4 or 5 miles above St.
Johnsbury, near St. Johnsbury Center. This stream is larger than the
Sleeper, but of the same general character. It is 40 to 60 feet wide
and, at the time of our visit, 1 to 3 feet deep on the riffles, and deeper
in the quiet reaches. The bed is of rock, gravel, or mud. oo see
Apeltes quadracus, habits of -------------- 1378 fishes, eggsof-..--------------- | | ‘7
Apodal fishes, review Of .....+«00+-------- investigations in.....------- 882, 982
692
Serial
number
Baltic Sea, physical condition of -____-__- 883
salmon migration in ______- 562, 1066
organic matter in----_.______- 748
oysters planted in---_-.--.---- 1185
iBank: cod fishenya. cee eee oe ee 656
Barking nets, methods of .--..-.--.-_...._ 1679
Bass. (See Black Bass, Calico Bass,
Striped Bass, ete. )
Batrachians, natural histor ViOLs-taeaee 1755
Battery Station, operationsiat --___._..... 665,
666, 706, 707, a, 1837, 1339
well.wateres-seecos.co0)
Beam trawl fishery
Bear Lake, depletion of fish in
Beleimtcatiishtormee eaten ee enerne
HSH-CuUlbmrenn =e eae
planted dine so se eee eee ii
water courses, repopulation of. 985
IBelostomidaa ts sists i0see 2 vee Seas ae ear 466
Bering Sea investigation ____...--...-._-.. 1333
Berlin Fishery Exposition, United States
exhibitiat! js Acces, ee 691, 1796
Bibliography of Fish Commission publi-
CablOnS@ = sess teres eee & 632, 1490, 1491, 1492
Biological research. -_-.-.---.-----. 1430, 1453, 1456
IBITdS Cap itwlre Obs sesseeeer eo nen ee =e ee 363
Migration OLE senses see sa see eee 726
used as bait for fish._--..---------- 363
Blackibassitor Ene landie: es eens 751
in Amsterdam aquaria -__--_- 876
iitau aye bo tase ee a ees 1223
Germany eaters yee one 211, 212
North Carolina----—---_- 405, 1486
Of America sneer ses ae eee 208
propagation of _____-_-- 2 1266, 1623
Spawning inGermany__-_-... 211
Black cod of Pacific Ocean -------.-.------ 1693
Blackhishuisherieses- sess seas === ee amen 303
hatching) sss toe eee ee ee 507
scar city. Of cuse sos ta. ere eS 951, 952
Bladders; preparation of 2.2252 2-22252---- 1238
Bladderwort, fish destroyed by -__---- 585, 1198
Blue carp, information concerning-___-- 522,
524, 761, 949
Bluefish yea pcre Ofese.se eee aaa eee 1278
seining, objections to ----....__-- 463
Spalwatin (iO Leese eee ee 12938, 1294.
Bohuslan, fisheries of_--_--_- 971, 972, 975, 976, 980
Bor deaux, codfishidiyin giaibeeee= ness ane 688
Boston Bay, pollock fishing anes sseses ee 1089
Bottle-nose whale fishery -___-___._--_____ 1592
Bower-Barff rustless iron_______.__-_____- 899
Branch alewives, occurrence of ____._---. 153
Brazil carp toric es ete eee ee een nee 403
Bream aproparabioniObess esas eee anaes 433
Bremerhaven, shad sent to--------------- 1121
Brenham, Tex., carpspawning in vicinity nae
ese ewe SL Woes) MR ae Re Pace 5
Bretagne, France, salmon fisheries of____ 937
Bristol Bay fishing-grounds --_.----------- 1720
British Channel, oyster-culture in --__-__- 228
Columbia, fisheries of-------.---- 1202,
203, 1297, 1298
Gulana.ishiof hes Se eee eee 1317
Indiawnsheriesiobas.- esses 1144
seanishericoss ssi eee eee 25
Broadehivers shad anes sess saeee eee meee 405
Brook trout for Switzerland ---------__-- 636
from Cristine Lake -__._____. 156
Monadnock Lake---___- 156
hy bridts eee enh eates 160
ind rance:. Se ee eas 203
mineral waters._--.-..... 1880
OCCULreNnce Olas eee 156
Questions'ony ee ss---— tee f 1658
Browns Bank, cod abun ‘ant on -_-------- 367
IBrownibroutameAmorica ese aaaee 11389
Brownell, Charles H., death of---.---_---- 1162
Buffalo, natural history Lise ae ah ee ah 479
propacation Obereusssesee soe 1199
Bugs which destroy fish ----.------------- 466
BUT DOT sot eae Pe RE eRe See ES eee Se 152
Buzzards Bay tsheriess sss eee eee 1254
Calhoun County, Mich., fishes of-----.--- 201
Calicorbass se ee a eee ee ee 482
California, carp introduced into---------- 1305
Shifor.- iis See eee eee 1655
ASHES Ofstie ee es ee eee ee 864
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Serial
number.
California, aching products exported
fPOM 22 sesccen cones eee 418
lobsters transplanted to-_---_- 1282
Operabions ines. sane 1645
oysters planted in_--..--.---_. 624
pearlitishery Oless-—s a eee 1748
salmon. (See Quinnat sal-
mon. )
striped bass for-.--..----- 1120, 1739
trout. (See Rainbow trout.)
Whalewishory..2 22s see = ae
Canada, explorations in__-.--....-..---... 532
fisheriesigtusseeee ss - eee 190, 260, 830, 831
Canadian oysters, transplanting of 1187
Canning industry of Pacific Coast_- 873
Cape Ann cod fisheries ---.-------- 504
Charles, cod caught near ------____- 13875
Colony fisheries assess ee eee 1470
Flattery, fur-seal industry of-_-_-_-.-- 1695
Capelin fisheries of Finmark ------------- 1439
Cape May, porpoise fishin Sate cse-s eee 1756
Carangoid fishes of United States__-____- 638
Car for distributing fish, description | of.. 520
Carnivorous plants---..------ 702, 1197, 1198, 1471
Carp, answers to questions relating to. -. 1498
blue. (See Blue carp.)
Captureolesee ee 1078, 1079, 1268, 1316, i518
cooking of... 177, 278, 470, 620, 686, 1502; 1782
CulbuTrenee=- eee 135, 176, 207, 215, 232, 433,
522,525, 759, 1534,1769,1930
ini@hinagies ea eee 1055, 1588
Germanyeee eee 1604
Prussia su. ssh ees wee ae 1685
MOXAS siete ete oo eee 1929
destroyed by muskrats---------- 538, 1157
snakesssi. Cease 764
water beetles ___--..- 1364
distribution of -__- 607, 1009, 1012, 1019, 1511
edible qualities, of. 257, 453, 1502 1732; 1782
eggs, treatment of --..-.----- 268, 758, te
endurnancoot eee eee 331
exchange at Nuremberg--- 460
fenuily aoeeesree see 5 2B4T
fisheries ------. “187, 1750
fOOGM OTS enone 617, 633, 727, 1211, 1218, 1214
for (Brazil: 2 2% 3 eos eee 403
IN@Vadaieet=27 sate ee eeeein eee 1271
the Sipenor Haiti =- ca. ee ee 6
birds used as bait for ----.------------ 363 | Crisfield, Md., crab fishery of --.-.-------- 148
caught in Chesapeake Bay .---------. 339 | Cristine Lake, brook trout from --.------ 156
near Cape Charles----------- 1875 | Groaking of perch=--.--_- =~... .--.-------= 7
contents of stomach of--------------- 354 | Crustaceans, eh history of -.-------- 1333
development of ---------~--------- 1400, 1434 , of the UnitedStates_._-.... 1588
Cinyan eae ee ye ee oe nana enn 688 | Cuba, edible clams of --------------------- 1612
(eds 0) bem os sek ee See eee 494,747 | Cuban eel .--....---.---.-------------------- 1148
Asheries = eee ena 656, 657, 658, 659 | Cultivation of the sea--_-.....-------------- 142
of ee ee at 162 | Cumberland River, fishes of ---- .--------- 907
Cana Anny -------=--—— 504 | Cunner, skin parasite of ------------------ 1406
Tceland eS Sess 1752 | Cybium maculatum. .--.-----.--.---------- 137
Georges Bank - ---..------ 659 Gept inoid fishes, parasites of ------------- 964
(epregore ane eee 657 hybrids, fertility of-.--------- 911
Loffoden Islands 1435, 1436 | Damsin Rappahannock River-...-------- 477
Norway _. 66 | Danube,salmon of---.--.--...---------- 757
Ser: 56 (6 hee ee eee ee 1228 | Darter, description OP ee 908
Shramae ites anos 922 | Davis Strait, halibut fishery of-..-..------- 1451
694
Serial
number,
Decapod crustacea,-.--------c-------- 1586, 1587
Deep-sea deposits, nomenclature, origin,
and distribution of _..----.--- 1206
expedition, report on__----.---. 1488
thermometer, experiments
icp b cet en ae eerie eS 168, 270
water mollusca, list of ---.--.--..=-- 256
Delaware Bay, clams introduced into. ___- 1189
king-crab fishery of ------- 1551
fisheries 9222.22 ese eee 377, 319
River, fisheries of ----.---.------ 1040
fishesiof2 0 ae eee 2
salmon hatching on----- 1227
shadicatchioeess 817,818
hatching on ___ 1291, 1476
sturgeon propagation i in. 443
Denmark crab fisherieS- ------------------ 422
herring smoking in_------------ 611
Devils Lake, Dakota, fishes of ----..------- 987
DihbophnrignmCOrdicepSeescesse ean 963
IDiseAaSe OL ENOWbe eens aoe eee ee ae 670
Det puion of fish and eggs, report on_ 28,29,
5, 155,320, 1011, 1025, 1031, 1047, 1505, 1506
District Be fool niet inspection ‘of fish,
EG TT ete iy re eS ae ears ei ne 3, 1535
Division of Fish-Culture, report on_-_-_-- 4050,
1051, 1053
Inquiry, report on _------ 1332, 1334
Statistics, report on - 388, 1556, 1561
Dorfishyappearance Obs ee ence sess ee 341
destroy mackerel ..--..---------- 358
oil and guano made of --_--------- 608
DoallvyaViandenttLOubs ss see 843
Dredging apparatus, description of ------ 1788
by the steamer Bache- -------- 1262
stations, list of - -----.- 1321, 1580, 1581
Dredgings, preliminary r eport Ones 1262
Drumfish, large haul of ------------------- 34
Drying fish, process of ----.- Se eee 262
Dunbar marine hatchery. ------------ ---- 605
Dunes, how to strengthen ---.------------ 199
Eagle Lake, whitefish planted in. -------- 251
Eastern North Ameri ica, sea fisheries of. 130
Shore Oyster Com any, investi-
gations on grounds of----_------ 1407
‘Bastport, Me., fishery industries of-
sardine industry of ------- 886
Economic value of fishes---..------------- yal
Economical problems, relation of --_------ 651
Edgartown, Mass., bluefish caught at.... 1278
fisheries of
Edinburgh, fisheries exhibit at.-.. 947, 948, ae
Edisto River, shad fishing on - ------------
Hel-pots in NOGWaYie anes ee ee
HelRiver HiShes Olesesscee sae ees- = nena
Eels, breeding Ofek Ee aes 1441, 1783
destructioniloieens setae eee $16
fecund ationlOl es ees sos cee ee ees 1702
Malbits Ohl Swe ee ee eee eee 774
ins ponds)s2- oo 2tee es se se ee 1241
water pipes-_--.------------.------ 1247
IN Oa PON O hese eee nen aes 754
LIREMMISTOMY OL sen. nee sees pee eee ee 639
Observabionsionn ose se leee ne eee ee 1275
Pop ikl ©; bi) ov Hearn tae ee ee eye Ae A 1148
organs of reproduction of. 752, 1414, 1702
PED ASE LOR Of eae ee eee el 753, 1226
CIUCS UOT ee anaes alee ea eo
OVAC WOES Seco tetee eee ee CaS
SexualiorvansiObes essen eas.
tanks and ponds used for
used as bait for alewives
Eggs of fishes. (See Fish eggs. )
Electric lighting of Albatross ---...------- 86
light used in fishing -------------.-
Embryo fishes, food and development of -
genesis of blood in-_-__----- 1384
Embryology of fishes, scientificresults ob-
tained from study of - 1377
Sea bass 2222 =s-4es5se-e5-— 1882
Embryonated eggs, depot of -------------- 1700
Embryonic materials, preservation of --- 1401
Emden Joint Stock Herring Fishery As-
SOCIATION G sao are fae eee eee eee ee 430,
Emergencies, hints for----..-------------- 898
Mianiies OFT Sh steers ses een aneena ines 938
England, American fish in ------ 208, 276, 561, 1069
black (ass foressscesee eeseeee ee nial
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Serial
number.
Rngland;Catpiltescss.=-2=2- pee ee eee 603
fish-culture dunes. sees eaa 1069, 1070
orfe introduced into --.----____-- 563
English herring fishery ---------------- 365, 1591
mackerel fisheries= == se. saeeaee B65
Salmon disease Of-2---- == eee 1805
Entomostraca of Lake Superior-----.---- 587
Entozoa of fishes of Yellowstone Park_._ 967
marine fishes__.___------ 959, 960, 965
Erie Canal, landlocked salmon caughtin_ 986
Lake fishing industry ---..----------- 896
pound and net fishing at------- 490
whitefish planting in -_-----.-- 313
Escambia, River; fishes of. _2.-2_---2-- -=-- 625
Hurope, CatishisentitOsss2s eens ese Bae
fish-cultuTenn senses
fish for sue 2 ase oe ee a atte
oyster-cultuream= fs. eee See 442
quinnat salmon sent to_----------
Experimental hygiene-____-------------.-
Expositioniab Berlines = =e = ee
Expositions, observations on 5
Hattenine oy Storsiees es ea eee ene)
Hauna ofsNiew Hine landess sas sseen ene oe 1789
pelacicistiudy;) Of a --ea. aes 697
Milefishvoccnerencelok == seen 999
Filter used in oyster-culture-------.----- 1405
Minland Americans. sss see 1223
fISH=C ULE UIC Oe er 1065
Finmark, capelan fisheries____----__------ 1439
Fins, evolution of ___...------ area ae peso Ut 1421
Hinwhale fisheries! 222.45. sje see 333
Bish vabundance) ote eee 238
abundant on New England coast... 444
affected by temperature__.....-.--. 737
American, cultivatedin England... 279
and filth fevierse==st == eee 943
appearance of,at Gloucester -------- 1081
associated with meduse------------ 1256
bladders, preparation of ------------ 1238
castratin ge Of 2. ee ere eee 1820
caught by snakes_------- 590, 764, 1248, 1809
cbemical composition of ------------ 70,
71, 72, 73, 74, 892, 921
Commissioners, conference of ------
Commission, appropriations for - usb
of Mexico ......-.--... 931
publications, list of - 632,
1482, 1484, 1491
consumption in Newfoundland __-__- 725
COOKIN gg Of 202s. eee eee eee ee 1243
COStIOL Aan Se See ae eee ee saa 1798
cultural apparatus for Germany -- 171
establishment in Austria__ 1073
investigations--2. see e sea elOnd
establishmentsin Europe- 189
France. 447,
1347
Culture, Division of -......- 1050, 1051, 1053
fOr RnOUh soa 769
in America _.. --- _ 218, 1222, 1299
‘Bel eiumeee eee eee 1872, 1873
China _..__..---- 1461, 1464, 1480
Pinelands? ee 1069, 1070
HMUTOpesessa see 189, 218, 698
inland | ae eee 065
Mlonida sess ae ee eae pe
Fran: ..-= 2s 335 ee
Clear SES California. ----- 874
Columbia River. 627,785, 1054, 1647
Connecticut 2-2 en--s- === 300
Delaware 2.2 ee 377, 37
River 2 1040
Eastport, Me----------..-.-- 518
Edgartown -.....----.---._. 530
Wioridaes tee 514, 1087, 1619
Wranee ase se neee nee 1281, 1801
Gaspe Basin, Quebec - eat 4
Georgia. 52222. ~ §13, 1037
Gloucester: 26¢ -2252- ee 295, 1085
1087, 1088, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095,
1096, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1102, 1104, 1107,
1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114,
1115, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1868, 1869, 1870
Goteborg 32" 25 1928
Great Lakes... ....---.- 190, 925,
926, 1167, 1483, 1562, 1567, 1627, 1761
Gult;Statesi]- 22-0. 396
of Mexico. 576,
1614, 1615, 1617, 1620, iso
Naples. 222-222. --22 7 aE
Hoknidosseet- = 6 eee lt
Housatonic River. -.-.-..-..-.-- 142
Hudson River-.--...--....---- i
FEV anne oa sce cee ee
Iceland --...- 423, 578, 612, 1735, iF 4
dia 2 eee 435
Japan s) 2.3522 131, 416, 814, 819
Spry Ci ane eS SOLS rk 2 9 a
Labrador. so- senses 657, 736, 1022
Take’ Ontarios.cc..es0<=--0= 1553
696 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Serial Serial
number. ~ number.
Fisheries of Long Island Sound tribu- Fishes of Great Egg Harbor Bay-.------.- 159
itarieses =o eee Bee ese 0d? Guilt of Mexico 223232 ==s— 460
Mad eiranc 220 sso sees 1701 indiana asta eee 880.08
Maino tans: 382 ee eee 508 Towaict 23. Sos oe ee 1150, 1152
Marthas Vineyard. .---------- 530 italiantwaterse--sose--eee ee 1276
Mamyilan dtsee 222s eee 511, 912 Japan NOLES ON Sess eee 132
Massac husetts Eyre shy fitayy Kalamazoo County, Mich__..-_ 201
235, 236, 291, 298, 411, 413, 414, won IKeemibulc kaye) eee ee 906, 907, 1906
449, 497, 529, 701, 711, T7B, 990, Key, West, ba) 2225s aaa 1300
997, 1000, 1579, 1594, 1601, 1628, ake Champlain= 2-2 22---see-=e- 1156
1697, 1727, 1748, 1764, 1820 , 1824, 1889 McCloudiRiver ee 259
Middle Atlantic States_____- 1566 Mackenzie -River<-2-2-seresseee 626
INantucketee sean eo 530 Maines ac8* 4.0 5452 eee 888
New England-_-_-_-------- 93, 94, 395, IMatimeonilivierRes= ene) === ae 909
619, 771, 1061, 1196, 1576, 1765, Mazatlan Mexac ome sess eee 871
1766, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, IMGXICOl Sale SE eae Seek 871, 1908
1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, Michi canis ee eee eee 201
1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, Mississippi Walley! 20-222 eee 735
1857, 1858, 1859, 1861, 1862, 1863, Missouri eee ea ang
1864, 1865, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1892 Monitanaie 2 eae cs en ee 540
Newfoundland --_.--------.-- 736 Nebraska: 230 eeees See 1152
New Hampshire--------- 1764, 1863 New England_-- 96,664, 1083, 1084, 1269
INGw, JeTSse yeas lee eet Sele 509 INiOw JieCTSeYyaae) =seee een 159, 1190, 1558
ING WiViOT Reece eee eee LSS INortheAmienricaessessnornena= 630, 855
INewiZeailand sete eee aes eee 742 iINorthiCarolinas=seee = asses 860, 1554
iINorthiCaroling)=22254222-2 512, 1038 QOhiovRiver 23525235 s eee 777
eee my Atlantic is sees 419 Pacific Coast == 262 == tae aan eee 855
INOTWalyiee eee 600, 744, 897, 1281, Potomacrtiver assess eee ees 1552
9 335, 1249, 1244, 1682, 1683, 1684 Puset'soundee Se ae 710
INOWa SS COlaass seo eee ees 602, 826 Punta Arenaso--2o2) see eee eee 622
Pacific Coast------ 290, 390, 856, 1555 San Joaquin River ss.s-2sseese" 1350
IPennsyiivaniae sem eee eee 510 SnakerRiver 252-22 eee ee 415
ensacolan lass ees 1616, 1618 MEeNTESSCE Haren Ue ee 625, 860, 907
IPotomacihivereee een 1174 Pexas ec cee cee weather cee ae 541, 544
Puget Sounds sees eres 1696 Utah =e 862
@ivebee sss = S- e i ee ee ee Ayfingeal ate) oe Se ee eee 860
Rhodevisland| 2 ts282s2222 2s Wyoming 3b S225 ee eee 540
235, 236, 291, 299, 411, 413, 414, 134 Yellowstone National Park- 415, ee
449, 497, 529, 701, 711, 773, 990. TANG CY Ole se ee See eee ee
997, 1000, i986, 1579, 1594, 1601. | Fish Hawk, construction and work of -_-- i
1628, 1696, 1727, 1924, 1826, 1889 dredging stations--_----.------ 1321
Scotland ---22 0%. 17, 264, 265, 266, 829 mollusca dredged by--------- cg
SouthvAmerica 22222-22525 Operations Ofenes= eae 129
Atlantic States------ 1292, 1574, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1790, i903
Carnolinaiz=2ea 2 E shad- hatching oper ations oF 1570,
Spain? seee eee eee ee Bas 1578, 1576
Swedeniee--css----—— work in Chesapeake Bay ----- 1703,
Shiicit Woe ob ee eee eee meer 1704, 1899
Maxson See eeecseae ee 29 Bishhook histotyio fee eee eee 287
United States -_-_-_--- Fishing apparatus, description of -__----- 97
391, 1527, 1488, 1525, 1560, 1802 objections to-.-.------ 712
Wincinia teenie ste s eee 1035, 1871 banks of western Atlantic ------ BYES
western Mlorida --...--.------ 1619 grounds of Atlantic Ocean and
patents concerning. ----_-----.-- 498, Gulf of Mexico --. 376
"499, 500, 501, 502, 503 iBristolibaye— ee 1720
proguctsioLeeese- eee 472, 1526, 1533 Indian Ocean -------- 539
Pep Ulatlon Olea ae 1269, 1309 Gulf of Mexico---. 376, 1615
sawdust injurious to __------ 932, 1318 North America -- 397, 1328
Society; cs eee ee eee 12, 186 PacitieCoastiee- eee. 857
Fishermen, inducements offered to------- 119 Off sAllas kay icies ot see oe 1718
of the United States --------- 654 Moridal= ceo ae
Fishes, chemical composition of ---------- 70, Orezone eee 1718
71, 72, 73, 74; 921 Washington Terri-
collected at Woods Hole -----___- 98, 154 bOny aie eee 1718
development Of 45222222 secs 2- a= 1427 implements, collection of -------- 1218
economic value of _-.. 70,71, 72, 73, 74, 921 in navigable waters -----.-------- 1771
eMbpryOsraphysOlLe ere ee ase eee 1400 methods otjbla wall === =eeem 169
empnyolopyiOle ess sees ee= ae 1377, 1389 vessels, improved types of-_---.-- 386
Feedin ciO Lewes e eels ae eet eee 1267 of the Pacific Coast------ 393
geographic distribution of 858 with electricHightaeess==ssse nee 1712
Grey Ui omtcatyae deen oe 625 || Wishway 225.2. -2.2- 2 22h eee ee 1589
RIVET Tone Base eeet eee 625 building, new system of -------- 1016
Albemarle Sound-----.---------- 1554 in PitiRiver= sass se 1740
IAmKANSAS hes po eee oe 1149, Tee MOVab le e= 5 eae zd 1245
IBritishiGuianay ss. pes see 131 Mishways)2--<222- 52 oo eee 36, 1245
Californias cetayn ee as eee 864 in Prance.3= 4243 eee 937
Clear Lake, California-+_-_------ 874 NOCH Of22. se eS ee eas ORY
Clinton\C@oumiy, Key Ss-- eae 906 ae fish-hatching apparatus, objections
Colorado Basing sss ee = = 546,862 ||. tol. 22.2022 ae ee eee
Coz Umea ane ee ee 163 Flax retting water, fish injured by- ------ 1357
Cumberland River!i2s.-02.20.22 69074) Bloatsiforloysterss qo eens aeee eens as
Delaware River ----------------- 2 Moral pelagic stud yiorseeee saaee ee eee 697
Devils Lake, Dakota------.----- 987 | Florida coast, fish killed by cold along--- 1837
Hel Riv eres. ay ae pee een eee ae fish-culturein 200-4... eee 573
Hscamibia River eo. sss sees ee 625 iSHORIOS see eee ee 514, 1037, ae
inlorida eee 749, 750, 850, 1300, 1907 fishes; mortalityiols=e= ae 129:
Rlonidatikey sess ee 850 Of eee 749, 750, 850, 1300, 1907
Georgia seh ee eee 623 fishing-grounds..----..----------- 4
INDEX
Serial
number.
Wlorida, keys: fishes ofe 22225-2222. ec e 850
mackerel on coast of ._._...__.___ 881
shad hatching in .._- 2.222. 705, 1900
iishery. ee See eae 1259
Boa tame Pere Bee Uses Peas 448
s Ores Hsherieg) *24322255 et ee 1373
PlOUNASrHER ES Of see eee chen ss TAT
Flounders and soles, review of -.-.....__. 875
Food-fishes, inquiry "relative to......._... 88
Food for fish.......----....-._. 284, 727, 1119, 1267
OLCarpresncseres 617, 633, 727, 12 211 1213; 1214
hernin oes ee 495
MBCKOLS eee mere ok Recan rdeeae 495
Marine .animals= sec lg eee 244
MOnhaAdenye sess ae Pee ee 1279
MNUSKRAGS 2 ono cece asc aee eee 263
pilchards). 2332s s SERIA: 495
sSalmonte ssa ee Beas 451
Fo1i12 "0 eS ee eee eo StS eh 138, 1192
UT OUG Sse a cone ee 138, 727, 1214. 1267
whitefish ss. se ses e Scoamnda| ee
Foreign fish-culture, condition of
DSHORICSh sac eeeeeee oe eee
Fort Washington, shad o erations ae tee a 83
Four-spined stickleback, habits of -______. 1378
France, American fish in..___- 253, 254, 1344, Pe
; salmon-culture in____-
] Ot a ee aa ene ee ene RE
ee ere ee ae 222,
252, 253, 254, 447, 461, 1347
fisheries of ........-. 1281, 1607, 1608, 1801
fishways needed in________- 937
lake trout and whitefish in- 134, 252, 253
landlocked SalmOnineessss==e == 252
1136
paceereca ture im. soe 2.226 241, 242, 441
andmusselindustriesof.. 402
quinnat salmon in----.--.-......- 1117
salmon acclimatized in--_--...-_-- 1780
fiISHETICS OL o-oo ees! 937
Hatchedinessss ss 1781
ova shipped to-..-.-..... B41
sea fisheries of _._.-.----- 1281, 1607, _
Freezing fish, method of----------.----.--.
Fresh fish, preservation Ons re as! 459, Pvt)
Fresh water Bai eg Bae ae ene ye
petan nitotovs Whe) peees a Aer me ~==-= 1085
leechos!cs oe Clie erect Sse 1786
mulletioccurine == 220 706
SPONLSG a= ass eae 1308
Mropicultune ssc 2t oe ee eee es 232, 677
Hrogs: foodiofics. cone = eee ante ee 476
Frostfish, spEeate NCO OL ee saeee oe wane 1596
TUS O bine see ene aoe eae 1253
Frozen-herring trade----....---..---- 353, 1867
Fruwirth, August, fish-cultural establish-
Teritiobiers Tapes BEI Mees el ea 1073
Fundy Bay, frozen-herring trade of-.---- 1867
Fulton Market fish sale, report on.-_.-... 1210
Fungus disease of salmon-.------- 1637, 1638, 1781
Fur seal, habits Gite ORE Pe 534, 1692
in G@Usbhye- erase = eee 305, 535, 1695
inimid oceany 5 saes" eae see aoe 1705
past and future of.-_--..-....--.- 245
(See also under Seal.)
Fyke nets and fyke-net fishery ----------- 1557
Gadide, geographical distribution of --.. 420
number of eggs in-.--....---------- 494
Gaspé Basin, Quebec, fisheries of --------- 787
Gaspereau of New Brunswick. --....----- 936
PAD DIN Py Ob aoe aeee eee 719
Gas works eden PAT t ese ete eee 1699
residuum, purifying of ------- 1466
Genesee River, salmon caught in’ ----=.-- 679
Geneva Lake, invertebrate animals of _.. 586
Geoduck, habits and distribution of _.---- 745
introduction of suggested-_---- 745
Georges Bank cod fishery - -.-.-.---------- 659
Geographical qiateieutten of fishes ------. 858
Georgetown, 5S. C. ed fisheries of ---.--- ie
GeOreisiCarp DOUGS en a enes seen eae
a aeons OLR sre Se 513, oo
TIRHGS Ole a see oe eee aoe 23
OVB Onn GURL eee aoe 1255
German carp. See Carp ------------------
TO LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.
1188 |
Serial
number.
German coast, oyster-culture on ___._____ 1181
fish, food and digestion of ___..__ 270
Fisher y Association, address
made at ......_- Sas cae 172
rivers, salmon in. --- 175,188
seas, scientific inv estigation of.. 882,
982 , 161, 1183
Germany, American fish and eggs distrib-
uted in
salmonids in
blacks bassin’ ses Sets o20543 z
carp-culture in._.__.
POU ee sees
fish- le apparatus for -
ae a=, ee ops CE Abe se 1
tatchine ¥ apparatus for. liz
migration of fish in- 88t
salmon for -- 144,173, 1195
ph Cpa te eS a ep 175, 183
shad:for 5 2 ges ss 1171, 1823
Loge) | opis ected aoe (ae Se ea 927
Germinal disk, Aegan ei Nee Of See 1385
Ghent, cathsh for 22255 2 ee cee 1885
Giant clam, mode of ee Eat Ses ee 1418
Gill-net cod eer ea PER OR ace SALLI a
oat ae aE iyi Sas aac 342
Gloucester, first appearance of fishat._.. 1081
SHETION see U ee 295, 1085,
1087, 1088, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1004, 1095,
1096, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1102; 1104, 1107,
1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 14
1115, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1868, 1869, 1870
loss of life and property in.. 355
fishing vessels, collections
made bys. ee
Harbor, cod appear in_______ 728
1602, 1726, 1727, 1839
Golden ide, habits of ............--......._' 765
Goldfish, care) of-2 == 252 Sees 452, 453, 1413
Gold-orfe:2 2s ee ee 905, 1468; 1933
Géteborg sea fisheries---_---.-.-.-.--.... 1928
Goursmi: history: Of-=. - 2-220 oe poe eeee 631
Gouville, "France, fish-culture at_.________ 461
Grampus, constructionandequipmentof 389
operations of._--__-.- 336, oes 304, 954
Grand Banks, Albatross cruise on.._..... 1250
Coralson-. 2 eee eee 357
fishing on325.222 ss
mud slough on_-_-..----___- 827
Grayling, notes on.------.-----....______.. 1172
Gray-whale fishery: ss eee eee 1747
Great Britain, beam trawl] fishery of____- 382
fisheries of .-..-.-- 25, 258, 485, 942
fishery laws.t= 55 se0-== 1006
patentsissued in. 499, 500
salmon rearing in--....... 437
Egg Harbor Bay, fishes in.....____. 159
Lakes, American fisheries of. .__-_. 190
Canadian fisheries of 190
fisheriesiof. 24 ee 925,
926, 1167, 1483, 1562, 1567, 1627, 1761
fishing-grounds of.......... | 926
whites of 5-207 145, 895, 903
Salt Lake, eaininat salmon fe =
Dh ee See ee Eee eee aoe as Roe ee |
Greeks, sea fisheries among-----...---.-.- 1481
Gremaz fish-cultural establishment----.. 1347
Growth Of camps 22 20 at ee ot ene 633
Gulf States, fisheries of --.................. 396
Stream, meduse collected in region
Ce geteR Ee ae: 559, 560
region, phy sicalcharacter of 1790
Guano, anslysisiof: <2. 2. ao- ene nae 72
Haddock HsHery.2 | 3. = oaa-na oan “653, 660, —
Make fishery: =<. 5-22 = Jas oaeanemennaeno-=) | OO
Halcyon (see also Lovkont)i..ceeccuse 708
Halibut, abundance of --..--.-...:....-... 36l
fisheries of Iceland _.....----- 372, 1736
Shumagin - 92
shary vss ok 2239, 347, 372, 655, “1451, 1452
Hand-line cod fishery -...--.--.----------- _ 658
Harvest of the sea_..-----.-.-------..--.-- 1312
Hatteras, porpoise fishery of _- -.- 1758
ae Loire, fish-cultural establishment or
Hayaia market fisheries.-....-...--.-.-.-. 1621
698
Serial
number.
Havre de Grace. (See Battery Station.)
Hawaiian fishing methods ---------------- 169
mullet, proposed introduction
Of ea eee 165
Helix artiticial culburelot psa sass ae 760
Herring eggs, fertilization of__---.-.-..-. 548
fisheries. --_-.-- 264, 266, 344, 365, 515, 667,
23, 978, 979, 980, 1899
of Hnegland ees. s-2-— 365, 1591
Teelandy= sae erees 567
Isleiot Mane se2s52-—= 1472
Maine 22 co sea eac-e 506
Massachusetts Bay-- 344
Newfoundland ------ 1867
INOERWiyeoee 198
Potomac River____ 720,72
Scotland... 264,266,575, 983
Sweden_---.-. 969, 976, 1101
penodiy OLS eee se coss 973
proposed limitationof.. 506
purse seine used in-_---- 110
Fishery Association ------------- 430
TOOKKOR. eeee cance eee eee eee ee 495
frozen, trade of__.-.------.--. 353, 1867
Mabitjot ees stares sae 280, 973, 974
iminclosed waberse see. oases ae 568
Mictat: OMOL | seas seen eee 1219
Market Olscseeuwence ae ees 1274
OCCUPTEN CEO fe eee se een aae i
OfpPacitic\COas tases eee nee 845
prepara vionio£ s22-- 2ses==s---—— 1834
propagation and growth of... 972, 1160
question, contribution to-----.-- 1219
Salbin Gore nees ee ee eae 1236
SMOKIN GOLA S eee wee ae 611
Spawnine Ofese es hee aee eee 249
CTO On ee esc een Set 353, 1867
Heterocercy, OrlsinlOL mess ss eee ee 1421
High pressure, effect of, on minute organ-
USING eee etl Ohne ee er eens OIE 272
Hippocampus antiquorum----_----------- 1381
Historical references to fisheries----- ---- 301
Hokkaido, fishery industries of -.-.------ 814
Hommor, eel fishing with---...----------- 1001
Holland, salmon fisheries of .------------- 1768
Hood River, Oregon, salmon in----------- 1547
Hook ofanaleisalimon! ses ese seeee ee 1275
Housatonic rivers, fisheries of_--..._--.-. 1042
Re CH Ot ea oat re aye oe ee ee aa 757
Hudson River, carp in..---------- 1285, 1287, 1462
fisheries of ---- .--- Se 1041
shad fisheries of __--.-- 193, 1181
Salmontinen eee see 673, 1140
Hume’s (R. D.) salmon hatchery --------- 566
iFiy anni Ss Sheries Obes = ss aeee teen aetna 530
memorial of citizens of -_--_--_-- 712
iviprids sono tyiOl saeso= sen e eae eee 911
plaicee seer eee eee ee 478, 923
Hy bridktrout cess sucess eee et aaa eee 160
Hydrographic work of Albatross --.- 1444, 1744
yeiene, experimental {ee 2522-2) eee 945
Iceland, Annaniassen’s voyage to -------- 1737
Cod tisherics Ofer sete senna eel a7
fisheries ----- 423, 578, 612, 1735, 1736, 1751
halibut abundant near---_-------- 361
fishenypottcee ese eeeeee 372, 1736
herring iSshenies pesssere ses eeee 567
Sharkiisheries= 20 Gee wgrsce see 1232
VOVAL OO wane eee aes ee ene 20
Ichthyologia cubana, purchase of ---_---- 123
Imports and exports of fish, oil, etc., sta-
HIStICS Ol sere Rb TOUS Rese ae Laks 28 ee 1501
Impregnated ova, method of testing--... 1246
spawn, dry method of ------ 1624
Indias fisheries OL. -sae--se2 eee eee 435
indiana stiShos| Ole ss-ase ces eee 860, 908
quinnat salmon for =222---------— 149
Indianicornifedsto carpe seeosses eee 1211
Ocean fishing-grounds --._-------- 539
Inland lakes, whitefish planted in-_--..-. 1159
Waters wl aWwiSiO Lees soeae eee nee 1005
Inquiry relative to food-fishes---.-------- 88
Instructions for natural history re-
Searches a sees secu a aeeeeeees = ot Rk He 122
Invertebrate animals of Lake Superior._ 1584
Vineyard Sound 1785,
1789
TePpORUOn Re a== see 586
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Serial
- number.
Invertebrates, marine, distribution of__- 26
Towa, tish-culiture in) sss 22 ose eee eee 1200
fishes! OLeeo 2 ease de eee eos 1150, 1152
Ipswich Bay, codfishing in-------.---- 1086, 109
Imishishell splantinoiOtses. ses ene 918
mackerel fisheryessses sees ae 681
Isinglass, facts concerning. --....-.--.---- 915
Isle of Man, herring fisheries of ---------- 1472
Isles of Shoals, capture of shad at ------- 930
Isopoda of New England __------..--..--- 718
Italian fishermen in San Francisco- ------ 289
oyster and mussel industries. --.- 402
waters, hatching and planting
fishin? oe eee Cae oe 127
Jamaica mountain mullet, introduction eA
Obes eee de Oe fom een, Mbarara
James River carp trom sels. eek eee 191
quinnat salmon taken in... 1868
Japan; fish-eulfure nes: 2-2 ==-- ee eenees 7
fisheries of.___----------- 181,416, 814,819
PSHES Of tA Sue oe eee 132
Tainbow; bLom@bines =o sess eee ff
Jarsitonihatehine fish] oes 22s eae ses eee 1010
Jewish, OCCULrFENCCIOL sss ess aaa sane ee 1517
Jutland, fishing localities of-----.--------- 1795
Salting tishtin sae ee eee 1753
Kadiak salmonitisheries= 2: 322252 so. ee eeees 574
Kalamazoo County, Mich., fishes of------- 201
Kaniow estate, pond culture on-_-_-----_--- 616
Kennebec River,shad planted in__-----_- 1546
Kentucky fishes ofe- 22s oes eee 907, 1906
Key West. fishes from) 2-2 2225222 oe aeeens 1300
Kaangsisfish-cultureyins = 29s =sasesne eae 919
King =crabnhishery oss see eee ene 1551
Kingfish, proposition to smoke --._--...-- 370
smoked, edible qualities of _---- 369
Kane fisherss trapping Obs eee 694
Klip-fish at Shetland Islands_--.-.-.-----. _ 21
manutaclhurelOt stn es=aee 20, 123)
market Fors 2se242 ea eee eee 1274
Knife found jm aicodtish) 2222 = peas aeeae
Mabradornshenies sae sees aes mee 657, 736, 1622
Labroid fishes, review of ___-_------------- 861
Lakes, investigation of _--__-----.-----.--- 543,
in United States, list of ---__---.-- 1508
stockingiof.. -=-2:- ees aaee eae sees 204
Lake Superior whitefish --..-.-.--._.----- 143
trouts: ==:3. 22a: oe ee eee E
in France . 134, 252
hybrid 6s ease ee oa 160
Lamellibranchiate mollusks, morphology
Of Uke 2 See ee ee ee ee
| Juamprey eels; motesiom 222222222 eee ene 641
placed in Merrimac River 1363
landlocked salmon®=-s-45-- oe ee eee 54
propagation of_-...-. _ 55,
137, 779, 1128
at Oswego, N. Y ----- 119,
forjiscotlands=s— ee 1064
in Erie Canal ---_----- 986
Miran ce e322 eee 252
Woodhull Lasxe--- 680
(See also Schoodic salmon. )
Lapland coast, fin-whale fishery of. --...- 333
Harvalidiboth nial. a essa eee eee 961
Laws and regulationsof Fish Commission 118
concerning fisheries ___._-..-.---.-- 1006
Leather carp, transter of 222222524 -nnensce 30
jacket, occurrence of __---------- 999
Leech industtry:22 to ae eee 1330
Leeches, artificial culture of-_---.--.--- 760, 763
Of North America saa saan 1785
Legislation concerning fish ----.-- 76, 92, 95, 1597
| Lesser whitefish ---...-------- be Oe
Life, loss of, in fisheries---.-- Se 980)
needs of fishe=—2 ess eee ee 1932
Saving Service, collections made. -- ee
| Light-house keepers, collections to be
made by --------- 1522
etc..suggestions to 1757
Light, influence on fish migration _-_---_--- 981
used in sea fishing -_.-.._-.....---- 1229
Ling fisheries of Scotland ____-.-.--------- 1228
Little Harbor, temperatures of _____----- _ 528
Spokane River, salmon searcein.. 1662
live food foriish® sss sneer enem LD
Living things, proper care Of.......------ 1456
INDEX TO LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.
Serial
number.
Bobster. decreaseiof, 0... seccauc-cuecs---- 1324
development of --_- - ~ 158
fisheries ss mean cee coeene 1827
fishery of Norway-----. 07, 425, 428, nid
ADITSI Oh oe ee ocean 756
ThaNKey raak: [loyal yeaa coe Se 1143, 1544
planting in Chesapeake Bay. 1897, 1904
propagation . 425, Ki 428, 429, 1220, 1325
reasoning power of..........__..
transplanting of - 01983, 1331, 1897, 1904
Loch Leven trout from Scotland 1064
introduction of__...__- 1540
Loffoden Islands, account of. ._..._.___-.- 80
cod fisheries, investiga-
tOniOLeecesn eae. 435, 1436
fisheries, statistics of. 877,878
Op MOnchestaneea. seas ec kee ee, Al
Mondonwiishisupply, Of --.-osccceeccees 55 ee
International Fisheries Exhibi-
tion..- 182, 250, 485, 799, 948, 977, 994, 995
Long Island Sound, exploration fofcee ee 157
oyster investigations a ,
9.
tributaries, fisheries
(0) 1 se eee eee 1042
Lookout, operations of--- 708, 1576, 1895
shad-hatching ope ations of... 708,
568, 1569, 1571, 1572, 15 517
Pee rrestciintes develaomont and mor-
10} 80) Cofare Voy Pele Sener ane a Ree eee 1381
Ihouisiana.salmonitor.- sso-]-22----2---- = 150
McCloud River, fishes of -......--.-..----. 259
RalMOn ieee weaeee eee e Oke
mortality Of... 1654
weights of - _-.--- 1668
ea (See Baird Sta-
McDonald fish-hatching sat ROAD POner Eee 1010
Mackenzie River, fishes of ._-..------------ 626
Mackerel abundant in Amherst River... 1247
arrival in market. -.--.-.--------- 340
(CHUGH) OL ser senna sane am 1097, 1286
caught in purse seines- -.------ 1079
destruction OLes- 244-44 ——c- 273, Pe
fisheries-----.--- 365, 662, 663, es 1774
fishery of England-..--.------- 365
Ireland) 2232--26-=-s= 681
use of steamers in------ 1487
FISHIN Pees ey eee aces 1
FOOUKOL Smee ee enema 495
ounds, investigation of - -- .--- 336
MDIES Obst eek aoe ree oe 343
lepislationie. eo) eee ce 1775
movements of__343, 349, 1097, 1103, 1706
night seining for ---_-- ---------- 1155
OCCURTENCO Olas ssa ee 351, 381
raised by coal ashes ------------ 107
TOVilOwWsOle eee ese ee eee ae 480
SCHUGIU Ys Olesen ase eae ee 359, 360
Searching ator ee seeee eonee 351
Willar as patent’ pocket for
catchin Pe ts 3 ee ea) LOR
Madeina fisheries Olas es—— eee n= === 1701
Maifische, propagation of------------------ 523
Maine HIShOTIGS See eee eee 508
BHGS Ol ees ices eae eae 888
giant scallop fishery. ----.---.----- 1550
herrin cee fe limitation Of 506
Gulf, dredging in------------------ 1262
TIOCGU Lee trae sien = ne 958
rivers, obstructions inm------------ 1635
Salmon) Obese = nae ee 709, 935, 957
scarcity of cod and haddock on
COaS it Oho nee eee eee Paesees 1741
sae ee operations in------ 1633
WihiteustObe. so-so se i 934
Malacca, fish-culture in----------- 1921
Male eels, observations on---------- -- 1275
salmon hook, use of--_----..---------- 695
Malta fisheries, ae (0) Uaenes Aires see 1920
Manatees, natural history of ------------- __ 1154
Marine alge, list of -..---.------------- 550, 551
a eae 553
Marine animals, food of -....----------- 244, 1182
maintenance of _-.-.- 404, 1186
fauna of New England --...-._--- 1789
fishes, entozoa of. ..--..------ 959, 960, 965
hatchery for........-.--.-- 424
699
Serial
number.
Marine fish hatchery at Dunbar, Scotland 605
invertebrates, distribution of____ 26
isopuda of New England ---..-__- 718
TOD BUG Tiere ae eee
specimens, exchange (05 Spee 1126
Marsh plants’ =... 2220 is a5-eee ieee 1808
Marthas Vineyard, fisheries f —-..-- 530
salmon caught near. 1734
Maryland fisheries = 225s 2-8. -- oo es 51l
fishes, protection of -......... 918
oyster Industry... 22 == te 1630
Massachusetts Bay, herring fishery of -- B44
river fisheries f_.__...--- 1764
shore fisher*es of - _. -8, 75, 235, 236,
291, 298, 11, fear 434 449,
497, 5 20), 701, nL? 73, 990, 997,
1000, 1579, 1594, 1601, 16 328, 1697,
1727, 1743, 1764, .824, 1826, 1889
Maumee River, fishes fo ea PETES 909
Mazatlan fishes, list of -...........-...-.-- 871
Mediterranean Sea, oyster-culture in - 225
Meduse collected by Albatross, list of. 559, sen
fish associated with -...-..------- 125
Mendota Lake, fish epidemic in -------- 496, 586
invertebrateanimals of.. 586
Menemsha Bight, fish taken at ----..------ 820
Menhaden, appearanceof-_-_....------------ 1596
eaten by striped bass-.-..--..- 1201
etymology of names of_.-.... 1767
fishery, restrictions in ------ 32,1778
statement concerning ------ 1, 10,19,
78, 84, 110, 133, 170, 179, 185, 234, 292,
328, 334, 335, 406, 432, 439, 445, 446, 467,
591, 598, 599, 601, 606, 609, 652, 668,
700, 703, 717, 730, 732, 733, 804, 813,
821, 833, 881, 887, 890, 891, 916, 944,
DD, 956, 989, 991, 992, 996, 998, "1062;
1071, 1072, 1077, 1164, 1194, 1258, 1261,
1290, 1307, 1349, 1362, 1386, 1433,
1440, 1459, 1465, 1473, 1474, 1638, 1725
1742; 1779; 1810, 1811, 1825, 1838, 1300
ee with seines..--.....--.. 1778
POOUNOL acre ote ace nee te ee nee
history of -- Sues 637
movements of _-....----------- 667
on manufacturer, experience
ee nee eee 140, 1302
oil and Guano Company -- ---- 483
products <2 -=- 222 ee enone 69
seines, size of mesh in--------.-
seining, prohibition of ------.--
steamers, effects of ------- 81, 462, 734
Merrimac River, lamprey eels placed in. 1363
Meshes of nets, regulation of size of----- 929
Mexico, fish commission of---..------------ 931
fishies OF 2 ---- = eo Se ae SC
Gulf of, abundance of fish in----- 1460
fisheries of -- 376,
1614, 1615, 1617, 1620, 1891
fishing- grounds Roar 376, 1615
fishes killed by coldin... 1887
(o) pee ENS SANS See 1460
mortality of fish in.. 1293, nih
poisoned water in._--...-
red-snapper grounds of - 388
shad in rivers tributary
tO 912, 941, 1273, 1308, 1772
temperature of-..-.-.--- Zz
ripe = soe ee
Michigan, fish-culture in --.-.----.-.----.-- 1306
TIRNGRIOR= 2-2 ~ ee ease 201
Lake, fish destroyed by small
WiGali o> se to eee 1463
shore, SRR ESoSe eee
streams on--- . 810,1171
rainbow trout in —-.-..--.--..-- 115
Middle Atlantic States, fisheries of....... 1566
MWid-ocean. fur seals in” 28-224. -2 8 = seeee eee 442
France --.--- - 241,242, 441
Germany 1181
Mediterranean Sea ---- 225
Morbihan ------ 731
Netherlands --- 781, 1207
WieniCGt esas == 2a2—— 1217
rational system of 142,
development of --.--- ------ 790, 791, 1403
fattening of -----.-- ---------------- 1420
fisheries of Connecticut ---------- 387
Maryland ------------ 1630
Pacific Coast--------- 1749
TOSS ROT ee eee 1410
fry, fixation of -------------------- 1392
TOOCSO lie ee ee 1386
generative organs of ----..-- <== 228, 227
greening of _-------------- 1315, 1386, 1404
grounds of South Carolina ..-.-.. 440
InduSiLy2-5--------=--==-~=-= , 812, 1887
Of MranCeloocssn-===-——-~ 40
Georgia:---=2-.----=-- 1255
Gh l eee ees ee 402
Maryland=—----.-----= 1630
New Jersey ---------- 699
the worlds----------— 647
United States -------- 240
investigations in ee
y
Long Island
Sound ... 192,194 | Pintsch’s (Anton) fishway---..------------
701
Serial
number.
Oyster investigations in South Caro-
‘ ling coos: 146, 440
length of life out of water --..__-- 1792
life history of _....._..- 1399
metamorphosis and post-larval
Stages 00-2. -4.552226dseaqan peas
planted in Baltic Sea .--.....-.... 1185
California. ==*.22 2 624
ponds at St. Jerome Station -___- 1908
DPLOGUCHWOILOL cass eeasen se seaee 782, 1319
propagation of -........--..-... 243, L407
RAST GO le eee eee eee 1305
SeOXUALItY OF 22. 0 ola eo ee
spat, method of obtaining--.. 1412, 1425
tongs, improved form of -...-._--. 1549
transportation of ..-.....-...- 1187, 1611
Ozark Mountain region, rainbow trout
POR 2 Se ees eae ee eee 1034
Pachaly’s fish transporting car-....--..-- 454
Pacific Coast, canning interests of --_____- 873
clams of __...... 745, 1418, 1610, 1613
COOKtPHO SOL seacen see eee 417
fish-culbure.: 22.2 a 222--secs 492
fisheries _._-_.... 290,390, 856, 15¢
TBHCR'OL — eee eee es 855
fishing vesselsand boatsof. 393
jant clams Of 222 262--=-— 1418
BENING S Off se tsa sees sae 845
lobster transplanted to.... 1331
THOMUSES Of =o seene nee A
oyster fishery -.....--.-.--. 1749
salmon of 2 ss5-- eee 842
fisheries-_---- 417, 564, 873
packing on------ 671, 1677
serranoid fishes of -.------- 840
Blisrks! ofa esse nsce es 849
shelltrade on so. aes 417
shrimp trade of ......--.--- 417
WOSSGIS) OLno- 5 25S oo ee ce 393
viviparous fishes of-_--.--- 531
Ocean, fishing-grounds of ---.----- 857
investigations. ---.---..--.--- 1333
TOCK COGS OLE s a= 2h o cena eee R34
walrus DShery 28 6-325 25 ree BOL
Panama, fishes collected at .-.--------..--- 872
description of new spe-
ClOR) OL = anon ase 869
Panguitch Lake, depletion of fish in_---- 1469
Pantosteus’ jordani=*----0- 9 ose eee Bs be]
Parasites, coe tribution tonatural history
of fsh=-- 332.
“554, 963, 964, 966, 987, 968, 1633
Paris, American catfish in---.--.-.-.-..-..- 180
Patents, fishery --.-----.- 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 508
Pearl fisheries 2-2 esse saan eeeeee 1748, 1817
of. Tahitics ==. 226, 229
Australia 225222 ee
California.........--.. 1748
of Tuamotu Archipelago ----..--.- 229
Pearls at Columbian Exposition ----.---.-- 928
Peat bobs aah pends Se Ean ee
e
Peitz lakes, carp fisheries in_--..-.------- 187
Pelagic animals, migration of--..-..---... 981
farina apody Ob o--— ~~. sooner 697
organisms, collecting of ----.-.--- 172
Pend d’Oreille River, obstructions in.... 1812
Penning of salmon-—~--..---------.------- 53, 221
sea fish, experiments in...... 808
Pennsylvania fisheries -----------------.- 510
Penobscot River, salmonreturn to... 1311, 1636
salmon. (See Atlantic salmon.)
Pensacola, Fla., fisheries-...---.------ 1616, 1618
Perch, croaking of ----.-.--.--.-...--=--.- 704
eggs, micropyle of .--...-.--- as 1383
Persons interested in fish-culture, list of. 1489
Philadelphia Exposition, fish exhibit at- 15
Physical investigation of New England
coast - -.-.. -----=<--- -----"----- eas 954
Piankatank River, striped bass in----.--. 738
Pickerel, spawning of --.------------------ 1799
Pictou fisheries: .<-- 5. <>. --<-5- -----=-5- 26
Piedra, fish-cultural establishment of-... 1204
Pigmy sperm whale, capture of...--.. 776, 1760
Pike,
spawning of --.-..-.------------------- 1799
Pilchard fisheries — =. =.-.2----=--<----+-=-- 593
TOOU! OL doc ee eee eed 495
1245
702
Serial
number.
IPISCiVOTOUS PLANS eenses een ceeenace eee ee 702
Pitt River fishway, description of---.---- 1740
Paice ese SiOl--cs 2 Aja ee ae ee ee 747
yO TGS hes Ae ay Soe 478, 923
iPlanktonistudies fasssaes= ee ae 697, 1858
iPlantsaquaticHe less = isi Seas eee eee 1808
for cae 1OOAVG FE) Sees = 231, 1807, tees
See ee a ee ee eee 808
Seah eat fish.--.---- 702, 1197,1198, 1471
Roa chers S oseee ee ol ae eee 22
IPoisonousishi sees = fake eee 1145, 3
Poisoned watersin Gulf of Mexico---_-- 1688
IPollockfishing = eee inane ene a 1089
MuUmMiberiOtsegesuimeens sass ee eee ne 493
Polluted waters, fish killed Dye a eee 634
Pollution of waters....-...._--..__..- 1699, 1745
ROM PanOeCs ieee eset see e a eee eee 638
Pond culture ----.--- 136, 145, 181, 613, 616, 617, 1215
fishericswes- shee ee ee ee eae 206
Porpoise, first appearance of -_---_--- 1499, 1756
fisheries ss ee ee 303, 1756, 1758
fishery of Cape May------------ 1756
natura lihistornyroi sess eeene 645
PLEservavioniOL estas aaa ae 1757
DPEOGICHS Ease rae eee 1599
Portuguese oysters, sexuality of___-_- 234, 1890
Potomac catfish, development and breed-
inpuhalbitsiohgea sos ee eeer eee 1394
iventiSheries seeeesee esse aeeee 1174
fishes see eee 1552
protection of -__ 913, es
raKoyoyo iat aljee pe ae ee ee
herring fisheries - ___-_- 20, eh
pollution(o fae =e 1026
shad fisheries_.. 280, 720, 724, 950
propagation on . ___. 1028,
1033, 1046
terrapin transferred to. 48t.
trap-nets fishing ----___- 1894
Pound-nethisheries oe senate see eee 1762
NShin eee eet ween 489
lesislatione 2 eset aes 76, 1296
Pra WHS NOnICS sees pees = ne aa aa eee 1322
Preserving fish, process of ---_-- 151, 459, 549, 822
Pribilof Islands, fur-sealindustry of_._.. 585
Protophytes considered as food for fish. 1.
Odi
Protozoa considered as food for fish-- 1382, 13897
Protozoan parasites..-....--.-. Bae se OBS
IPSOLGSPOTIMS eee are eee a --- 962, 964
iPrussia,carp-culturenneee eee 1685
Publications of U.S. Fish Commission.- 1484,
1490, 1542, 1543
and blanks of U.S. Fish Com-
mission; listiof-—------- 1449, 1450
Pucet SOundshisheniess as ===) eee n== seen 1696
ISH MMe Stole ewan 710
Shadin see eo sasee ee sesoeee 1691
Punta Arenas, fishes observed at-----.-_- 622
Purse seines, fishing prohibited with ----- 1166
mackerel raised in-_-_-_-____- 1079
prohibition act, objections
COPS oes eee eee ianeee 789
Pyenogonida, report On --2-2-2e--- ee ee 1881
Py lorie coeca, functions Olea sseseeee anon) LO?
QiWebeewhsheriesOfwes see ae ee near 787
Quinnat salmon, acclimatization of -__._- 1780
eggs, distribution of 1283, 1478
transportation of- ee
for Huropeless=eeee aa 1123
Great Salt Lake ._._ 1369
Indiana. =e 149
Mowisiana esse 150
INV Tan Cems eee 1117
James River ________- 1368
Netherlands -_.___.__ 220
New Zealand_.--_--_- 556
Ontarioz-24he2 eee 1878
Trocadero Aquarium 1348
natural history of___... 1665
ropagation of. 1478, 1640, 1645
Radiates, natural history of_---..-----.-- 1323
Rafting injurious to fisheries____-._------ 1067
Raia erinacea, blastodisk of_..... -.------ 1425
Railroad transportation for fish---_- eee MOL
Rainbow trout pees WowAHON es Sacco ee eae 808
for Ozark region...------- 084
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Serial
number.
Rainbow trout for Roanoke River...-..__- 1023
inJapans al ss eee us
Michigans s=2 2 esses 1158
IMisso ure sess eee G
South Carolina .__---_- 808
TeariN Oboes ese 678, 1353
S Davin 210 tesa ree 312
Raleigh, carp ponds at-_--.....----.-----.. 1910
Rappahannock River, dams in ---..._-._- 477
Recipes for cooking fish----.---.-..-.-.-.- 1243
Redfish, intraovarian gestation_._....... 1424
Red-snapper fisheries.._.____.___ Seeese cyeRieyal
STOUNGS so een eee eee OO
Retricerationsartiticialle sss )s === es eee 610
Regulation of sea fisheries - 90, 1269, 1809, 1595
Regulations U. S. Fish Commission -- _ 118,650
Reproguchionot nshesesss == =a) sae 1702
Reptiles, natural history of_....-...------ 1755
Report of Commissioner -_--___-__--.--. 99) 108,
106, 109, 111, 116, 120, 124, 126, 127,
128, 129° 131, 1048, 1050, 1051, "1053
Restigouche River, salmonin_...---..- 988, 1744
Retting water, fish inj} UReGu yee 1357
Rhode Island, dead fish on coast of_...--- 914
legislative committee, re-
portots 2221 oe eee en
shore fisheries of _________- 8,
235, 236, 291,299,411, 413, 414, 434,
449, 497, 529, 701, 711, 773, 990, 997,
1000, 1296, 1579, 1594, 1601, 1628,
1696, 1727, 1745, 1824, 1826, 1889
Rice fields, raising, carp ime-2-2255-2-----— 471
Right whale skeletons, search for_.--:._- 1759
River fisheries of United States_.___.___- 1525
Rivers, investigation of ....--.._.......-_.. 543
of Maine, obstructions in______-- 1635
the United States, list of. 1509, OF
stocking of, with fish. ewe!
Roanoke Island, rockfish industr veouee 1516
River, ‘rainbow trout planted in 1023
Robinson, Henry, carp introduced by_--- 1351
Rock cods of Pacific Coast_.....-------.-- 834
Rockfish in South Carolina -_.-..-....___- 255
propagavioniOne--== ene 1226
Rockjlobstersfisheriess= =e ee 1327
TEOUWbS. 2 ee ee Uy ae Che eee 835
Rodents, trap ping ORR eee So a eee ae 694
FROOMMAr KC CHL OT ese ears oe ee eR 1274
salted in N OL WAY secs eee 1234
Rogue River, salmon-hatching operations
peer Re ee ee ee 1310
Romans, sea fisheries among -------------- 1481
RRONCAd OFS E26 5s Spee a eee ee a ee 838
Roosen process of preserving fish -------- 1068
Royal Park, Berlin, goldfish sick in___- 452
Royal Zoological Society. American fishes
ina qari O tae ae ee ne ee oe 876
Russias fish-culeure ines === eae 1590
IRUStICSS RON) sae een aN a eee 899
Sacramento River salmon, decrease in-.. 1852
edible quali-
tiesto: Sas-28 1738
fisheries ______ 1642
ings: See 1653
Shadiiorae: === aaaee 1643
Saibling crow tho leeesss= eee ase 628
Sailfish occurrencolobees = eee eee 142
Sailsspreservation Obese sss eee 1679
St. Andrews Marine Laboratory. _..._... 1057
St. Croix River, salmon occurs in__-_.... li44
St. Front Lake, fish-cultural establish-
Mentions es CEw e e 447
St. Jerome Creek oyster: Ss rate of : er owth Are
Ste e, pros-
pects ts Of.--_-- 1409
Station, operations at 1335, 1836, 1540
oyster ponds--------- 1903
St. Johns River, Fla. shad hatchingin... 1900
ins eae , 448
fishing on_-_-- 1260
St. Lawrence Gulf, cod fisheries of -__--_- 657
mackerel scarce in_ 399, 360
St. Marys River, shad hatched in-_-__-.---- 1900
Salmo iridea, questions concerning ------ 1659
Salmon biology, notes on_----------.------ 16
breeding establishments--------- 45,46
CANDING’ os dsc ancuvauccseceseteee= 6
INDEX TO LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.
Serial
number.
Salmon captured at SOAssessecaeneeee. 1564, 1734
contents of stomachs of ___._._._- 1730
culture in New Hampshire. ---._- 779
decrease in Sacramento River... 1352
disease of .-..-..--.--2 1637, 1638, 1781, ut
eges, collecting of --.......---.1..
development of--...--...-- ‘
distributed from Baird Sta-
TION Fees eee eet ak 1283
hatchinogone ssl s ie 1781
transportation of -....-..- 113, 144
ORONO Meenas le naan wee geu ene
GRPOSILIONIOL- = eee. oe oe eae 1455
fisheries of Alaska. ._._.._- Han 574, 1019
Bretagne, France - 937
Columbia River -____- 627,
785, 1054, 1647
France .....- 1281; 1607, 1608
Holland and Sweden. “Abs
Ita cibi kes Mahe aaa
Pacifie Coast -
Sacramento River -..
-- 417,562, 873
Swedonesss=--2)2. 16 8, 1968
[OOD SHORE: ee estae os eae ES 451
forAustraligiessses lee 112, 408, 1884
Jol Ke} fnee Se Oe Rees oe ay ee 27
nan CO heres Sona eo see 1
Genmanye oe sene se 144, 173, ae
MGOUWISIana Memes ea aa eee tee
Netherlands tests a 219, 733
INGwaZealandee san eee 200,
281, 282, 398, 399, 407, 408, 484, 489, 555,
571, 572, 592, 740, 741, 786, 792, 794, 800,
1153, 1154, 1277, 1304, 1689, 1793, 1833
Tanners Creek, Indiana Betas 149
fungous disease of _- i 7, 1638
SROW UN Obese sere ee soe een eeee eee 437
habits anditood! Of 2. --2. cesesee—ee 138
hatcheries in Maine --__-..__-_.__- 45, 46
Scotland =: 2203.=-- 488
hatchery at Montpelier -__-__.._- 1781
imOregonee. oe 566, 1800
hatching fixtures for--.....-.-..- 42
on Delaware River. _--- 1227
Rogue River ---..-- 1310
hookvofmale se ss-- esas ee 695
ineAustralign sss. scaccewetnsson sae 427
Clackamas) River ao--)2 eos sno 3,139
Connecticut River_-_......._ 824, 1893
ING ANCOr sae yee ee eo ee 1780, 1781
Genesee River'--...---....--.-- 679
Gormanyee sors se eaae sees 175, 183
Hood River, Oregon----------- 1547
Hudson River--.-.------- 283, 673, 1140
McCloud River ------.- 672, 1654, 1668
INOW OL SO Vie tome eet eae etce 1806
Restigouche River_--------- 988, 1744
Sacramento River .------------ 1653
Bt Croixehiversces ese cse eat eee 1744
SCobangdea 224 oe ee eS 438
ONS TavION Obs ese ne Geena enna ce 562, 1066
mortality in McCloud River----- 1654
not injured by catfish ------------ 493
OCGUTPOENCO Ole o-oo ee re sea e 1734, 1744 |
Ons analLy sisi Ofooss ss eene ae ae 72
Of Columbia River ---2--- ee-.--- 785
DAN DAIVGDe. oan. es oe= eee aoe 757
IMainees 3% ee 709, 935, 957
Miramichi River. -------------- 1641
New Brunswick. .------------- 935
INOVA SCOUMSAs + nado eae oe aeee 935
North America. - - 100, 1687
Pacific Coast. --.--- - 842
Restigouche River --- “988, 1 44
Sacramento River-.------------ 1738
DECKING ieee ane a 671, 1677
‘penning Of =- 5 =*- = - 23 -22----2 Gbeel
pidating 4 in inland lakes---.--.---- 1159
Br oEaeat ion. 35,
115, 337, 437, 692, 693, 7 (78, 1516, 1746
pearing Ol. -te-see-eaeqacee ee see 68, 487
return to Connecticut River_-... 1893
Penobscot River... 1311. 1636
Rivers salmonvine- eo ce e ee 337
scarcity in Little Spokane River. 1bb2 |
scarce in Ontario River ---------- ae
spawning, mortality of -----------
statistics. soc2 78 eke see ss 290, 564 |
Serial
number
Salmon trade of Pacific Coast. _..-.______- 417
troutor Orerons=—---) saan 854
weightsof{22 2. SS os ee 1668
Salt clams nae forcod baits22 ae 383
codfish, reddening of_......__..__.. 5d2, 945
halibut Hshery- 22220 ae een 1452
marshes, fish conds made of___.____- 481
water, fish-culture in___...........___ 1004
fish, hatching of.-...__........ 426
spawning of -- 2 eeces 746
Salvelinus fontinalis, questions concern-
Sot Ree eee ee ee ee 1658
Soe Hookimackerelse eee 351
San Francisco, fishing products exported
POM SS 229 418
Italian fishermen of ______- 289
San Joaquin River, fishes of. _.___________- _ 1350
Sardine industry
Sardines, disappearance of __.._.---...___- "621
Saueers 10 O Roses ssa oe ee en 1626
Sawdust, effect on fisheries of .__.__.__ 932, 1318
Saxony, variety Of carpin 22 oe eee
Scallop fishery of Maine. .................. 1550
AN GQUSET Yon eee oe eee 812
Scisonidssreview Olsson ee 866
scientific researchrelativeto. 651
pet Holstein, sturgeon propagated
Seneodic salmon propagation ..--...--_._- 38,
, 43, 46, 47, 49, 52, 57, 58, 59, 61, 63, 65, 1128
(See also landlocked salmon. )
Scombrine, review of.......----..-.---
eee fishery board report, extracts
Be EE re Ss EA a eee 24
Scotian! cod:isheries ofaaen se ae eee 1228
fisheries of. .....-.- 17, 264, 265, 266, =
fishing apparatus of___________-
herring fisheries of -.. 264,266,575, O83
landlocked salmon for--___.---- 1064
leather carp transferred to.... 30
ling isheries: 2S. . Baeee 1238
salmon experiments in--------- 438
an beatin oa in. 488
Sea bass, ort ap sas ELS 1882
birds, habits, and used as bait........ 368
cow, natural history Of-22-sscnene aes 1754
cultivationtot Sooo. oe ae ee one 1442
elephant industryin AntarcticOcean 305
fisheries, condition of-_--...---..---.-- 87,
188, 285, 294, 521, 1008
of eastern North America... _ 130
Mrance--o 2. osee ce 1281, 1607, 1608
Great Britain---.-....... 25, 258
New England ----..--...- 87
IN OF WSY <2 22252 oceecen 744, 1437
Rromang 220-2855. See 1481
he . 9), 1269, 1309, 1595
fishing- pone (epee ee Pe Be EN 397
ht used in) 222 ee ee
harvest of SO ee a ee aE Nae te ns Eee = 132
herring eggs, fertilization of----.-.-- 5AS
horse, development of--_-...---------- 1381
Isle City, N. J., fishes of-_-............ 1191
Titer = 35: 52x ee ea 1076
Won ee ee Se ee ee 436
Ouver Msnery, = sosse seen sees 537
Sek 2 ee a See ~ 614, 1313, 1314
water, experiments in transporting
it: 7e Sr Re ee ae Aa 1175
salts Biniogiontac tion of -- 4h
weeds, list of .....- Se dea. 4a
Seal fishery, North Atlantic...-...------- 306
notes on... ....-...-------=.--- 1593
hunting in Caspian ee: Fee etp eee
injurious to fisheries - ee ace
NACUraL AGONY) Oke ots aan ann oe saees 9
(See also Fur seal.)
Sebago salmon eggs, collection of -..----. 39
| Seconticut Neck, salmon caught near. 1734
Secular Leal nee Ine ee gfisheries.. 973
Self-pickers for fi aa naneenensdneen | R
Serranidxw, review 0 eae eee
Serranoid fishes of Pacific Coast.......... 840
Shad in North Carolina-..-.-.-.--.--.-.- 405
captured at Isles of Shoals. uL bald
catch in Connecticut River... 275,276,277
laware River -.--..-... 817,818
Hudson River.......... 193, 1131
104
Serial
number.
Shad caught in gill nets.......--....---_-- 342
distribution_......._-- 104,121, 1018, 1020,
1030, 1032, 1048, 1045, 1173, 1176, 1178, 1179
eggs, abnormal appearance of __._-- 1396
amount of water required to
keepers 2 fas eee geese 315
effect of sunlight on-_-------.-
1263
fishermen to furnish_-------- 119
for Coldspring Harbor-.-.----- 1020
TUN SUSVOn Nees eee ee 1398
retarding developments of _-_ 1360,
1380, 1387, 1398
transportation Ofeecees-e2-—=> 807
fishery of Chesapeake Bay --------- 1899
GIStOp Riven e=s222 2525255 809
MlGOTIG ae ee tee eee eee 1259
Georgetown, S. C_.----.- 1898
Hudson River -------- 193, 1131
NorthiCarolinaisessse==— 1180
Potomac River_ 280, 720, 724, 950
St. Johns River-------:-- 1260
South Carolina. -_-_-.-.---- 558
Susquehanna River ----- 1876,
1928, 1924
Winyaiw: Baye aseeeeee 1901
fishing in South America---_---.---- 635
food Oe eel ne ee 138, 1192
fore Mla bamahivers= =) -=e nen 400, 421
Germans tees tebe bee eee 1121, 1823
Sacramento River---.-2-------- 1643
halblisOh seen p eee ee oe ae ee eee 138, 280
hatching apparaulse.s=4= sss) eeee 1122
operations -__-..------ 331, 674, 675
at Battery Sta-
tion _ 665,666, 706,
707, 993, 1837, "1339
Florida_- 705, 1900
Fort Wash-
ington-_--- 82,83
Maineh == 1653
New Jersey 15
North Caro-
lina___ 1910,1911
South Caro-
jinaeeee= 806, 807
Washington 1896
of Fish Hawk _ 1570,
1578, 1576
steamer
Lookout -. 708,
1568, ners ate
12, 1577
on Delaware
River- 191, 1476
Potomae
River _. .. 1028,
1033, 1046
statistics of 1507, 1510
InNjBroadslvier: sees ae= eee ee ae 405
CanpiPONdS=a\ce. ss. 2ossee= ane. 158
Connecticut River -__-- 275, 276, 277, 824
CoosRivier 2 $5-s25-sseceeseslaee 1497
Moriday. Sone =e. to eS eee 408
Kennebectniver seas ee ee 1546
Orezon waters=sseee ne eee 565
POTOMAC HULVel eee eae meee eae ae 950
Pore Gy Sopiaelo se eae bees 1691
Shits dkobanaysy igang Lt es ea 269, 448
tributaries of Gulf of Mexico___ 912,
941, 1273, 13803, 1772
nabural historysOLesa=-sss> 1015, 1477, 1927
of New Brunswick 22-22-25 --s---5- 936
INO EWI SCO ae Be oes 936
penning experiments ____---------- 319
planted in Alabama River--------- 400
Kennebec River-------- 1546
Muskingum River --_---- 1485
Ohioikiversasee- eee 684
DLODAC ADO Mw a ea ee ee 104, 121,
1028, 1033, 1046, 1169, 1178, 79
choy WDioredenael eo eS 714
rivers, reconnoissance of-___-----.-- 1926
season, nNotesionss-——-a-s-5 see 1520
Spawnine habits eo es-ee ee eee ole
transplanting, experiments in-_---- 685
transportation, facilities for _______- 101
transported in sea water ---.------- 1175
Shark-appesrancelon assess) ae eae eee 1595
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Serial
number,
Shark fisheries of Iceland..........-.----- 1232
Of Pacific Coast--c--. eee 849
Shellfishiculitumessseess ees == ee eee 715
Shells-iplemitin gio fee eee ae 918
tradeoteacitic Constes- see aaa 47
Shetland Islands, klip-fish at_-_--_-------- 21
Shirred nets, fishing prohibited with_____ 1166
Shrimp fisheries: eee ee 1322
notes /onits... oes eo ee eee 1129
trade of Pacific Coaste- 2) se-—-— 417
Shumagin Islands, fisheries of -____._.___- 922
Silver es development of---------------- 1384
eCity eee n Se ee 482
Siar thread-bearing eggs of -__----- 1393
Silver trots... a eee oe 729
Silimroidtishes reyviewiObeese see eeae 870
Sirenian flukes, homologies of___--. ------ 1426
Skotterup, fishing village of______-------- 1218
Smoked kingfish, edible: qualities of_..... 369
Smelt pr opagation Thal Deaked teh ayo see = =
Snailsscultureiotse! ee
SnakerRiviers tis htin ase esas eee
Snakes, fish caught by -__------ 90,
Snekkersteen, fishing village of ------_----
Soft-shell crabs, Cultivation(Of ss -ss=e—=
Soles introd acedinto America.-------
review of :
transporte clonioh se sees see ae
South America, fisheries of --_-_----------
shad fishing anes seee=
Atlantic States, fisheries of ___-_-_-
Carolina, fisheries of _--.-._----- 513, 1037
oyster investigation _-_-
rainbow trout distrib-
ated:in, 223s sae es 808
TOCKHSH Nee =e see 255
shad fisheries of -__--___- 558
hatching opera-
Mons ins assess 806, 807
Indian Ocean, fishing-ground in... 539
Kensington: American fish hatched ee
Southern Florida, collection of fishes
madecin=2-22te eee eee 749
Southside Club, trout propagated by---- 330
Spain, fishorios Of a.socee See gee 1354
Spanish mackerel, development of -_----- 1379
fishety: 52555 5sct-: =e = 516
iuvesenblon concern-
= ane nau eae ene 1014
natteal history of_... 505
propagation of ----__-- 505,
507, 910, 1902
Sparoid fishes, review of_----.------------
Spawning of carp--------- 141, 607, 617, 1195, 1
salt-water fishes...._...---- 746
Specimens from Life-Saving Service ---. 125
Speckled catfish 222/35 2 ae aeeeae= a= 832
Speedwell, operations of_.-...--.-----.--- 1701
Sperm whaie, capture of __._-----.-------- 1760
stranding Of ese eee 776
Spoiled codfish, poisoning caused by ----- 1145
Sponge fisheries of Florida.......-.------ 1373
Sponges, fishery forse === eee 1826
fresh-waterisen---.eeee=s gio 1308
natural history of -_------------ 1323
raising of-- 2 ee eee 1074
Spring herring ‘fisheri ies, investigation of a
1699
1
Spaynwhins (oles
Squamscot River fisheries, depletion of - -
Squid, appearance of _____..---------------
large specimen of
used for food-_-----
Starfish, depredations by
State fish commissioners, list of-__--- mee ra
commissions, reports of ------
1491, 198
Statistics of fisheriesof United States__- 23,
391, 1488, 1525, 1560, 1802
division of -- 388, 1556, 1561
Statusiof Fish Commission===--ee--s--—=== 648
Steam vessels, fishing prohibited by
means Of. 2 2s2.c: S.3o eee 1166
Stettiner Haff, carp placed in---.-------- 1063
Stickleback habitsiofsss=ssese see eae 1378
Stolephorus, review of-__-..--------------- 1690
Streams stocked with trout___----------- 784
Striped bass, collection of -.----.---------
INDEX TO LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.
Serial
number.
Siriped bassetishoryicccsccssswanab cues ses 1916
LOD CAlitormldse seees asen sone 1120
imi @aliformiaeeesssee soe 1120, 1739
Piankatank River---.... 738
menhaden supposed to be
Calenibyoe. teus co. o re 1201
propagation of ___.........- 1224,
1225, 1909, 1918, 1914
Gtorseonisherysssscsesre mane cssia onc oe 793
IN GUSUP Yaa eee te soso 1428
ropagation .....--.- 217, 443, 815, 1428
Sucker-culture in ponds 613
description of---....____. 542
LOTR) oon Ss eco see ee eee 846
Suffolk, mussel-culture im __....--_-.2.... 715
Suntisheswalliesiof: = -2-~ --. 22-2 <- 2) ccc ee 839
review of -.--.----- eee 202
Superior Lake, entomostraca of-_..____._- 587
HISHES Obese asoec nen ae shee e 853
invertebrate fauna of.... 1584
Susquehanna River, shad fisheries of ...__ 1876,
: 1923, 1924
Sumienshwamilyee 022 o- sanan~sooe eo noe ce 836
Svend Foyn’s whaling establishment.... 458
Sweden at London Fishery Exposition... 977
Garp-culture ines. -2222.2---. 2) 169
HSN DIOS OF ee a= oeeee es 1001, 1002, 1883
. rafting injurious to__._ 1067
herring fisheries of ---_-.- 969, 976, 1101
salmon fisheries of-_---..___- 1698, 1768
, tench recommended for_________ 1770
Swiss waters, brook trout recommended
OE snob SSO ee ee 636
Switzerland, brook trout for_______.____- 636
whitefish eggs for__..... 596, 1118
Sywpordishenshery: 9-22. 222 02 co. 8. 297, 649
LATS) RO nk) tg ee ee oe 644
maemektled! DYyj1-2---2-- sesso sno: 1860
Symiaishetios Olen. 2.2L 2225 22.2. -eecee 1367
Mainitinoearls, abo. .2225 2. 2.25.22 222. 226, 229
Tangipahoa River, gaspereautrappingin 719
Tanners Creek, Indiana, salmon for -----
Tarpum, food quality of------- SS Ore ere 893
Tasmania, salmon experiment in-.-----.. 11
Taunton River, appearance of different
fish Tim 2 oc. 6 ee Suen eee es meee 1479
Manehiverewihale i1=2 2. =--.-.------------- 356
Teleosteans, skeleton of ------------------ 1467
Temperature, effect of, on fish--------- 436, 737
in Gulf of Mexico--_------- L272
Little Harbor, Woods
HGleuMass ie 2ocs ance 528
OlthelOCeania----aeeeee ee Se 1329
. tables --=------- OS 107
Manche COOKING Oba na= sone aiaeecea=eens== 228
POMS WCU Ole eee aeons aaa woe aoene 1770
{OCES Osos eee eee See eee 1933
Tennessee, fishes of----..------------ 625, 860, 907
Rivers fishes of 2222-2~----5---- 625
Terrapin fisheries------ .--.------..- eee 1763
transfer of,to Potomac River.. 486
Texas, carp-culture In-.-..-.-------.-.---- 1929
Ponds soso nese seeen wena = 1729
coast;-fisheries of---.-.---.-...-... 1629
NSS Ob eee eee eee ee eee eeeee 541, 544
investigationsin........-.--.------ 541
Thermometers of U.S. Fish Commission,
TEPONbOMW sos asaea 902
deep sea = so. eceee 168, 270
Thysanocephalum crispum, anatomy of.. 966
Tickfaw, collections made at--.-..---------- 150
Tiger shark, parasites of ---..--.---------- 966
Tilefish grounds, cruise made to---------- 346
[ACO 0 beeen ae a eee 362
Toadfish, development of ----------------- 1422
ionnace Of Vessels-------------. =~. -=--_- _ 1500
Toa vonmnon of live fish----- 13, 210, 1605, 1655
Trap-net fishing --------------------------- 1804
legislation --.--- ------ Seecheese se mi
Traps and pounds, use of, prohibited - ---- 1296
Trawl line in cod fishery ------ ------------ 658
objections to ---------------- es 408
Trepang fishery-.---------------------- es
Triana trip, report on. -----.--------------
Trocadero Aquarium,American catfish in
salmon reproduced
Tee cence cescvennna=
F. R. 94——45
‘
180
705
Serial
number.
Trout culture ..secesese 474,475, 613, 629, 920, 1582
Trout destroyed by mosquitoes 1205
GisesHe On ~ 2 eee ee 670
enemies, trapping of. ..........___.
feeding’ Of -2.5-2 2. cece n Ueno eee
food for a
manufactured .....-.......... 1214
habits and food of .._.___.. 138
hatcheries in Scotland___..__._____ 488
in Germany —2::. 3256.25.22. ee ee
Hy bridsssce se Ree eee 160
Jakes: 03 2o5e 3 ee ere 5
manufactured food for__....-___-- 1214
of North America -..._-.....-.. 100, 1687
Utah Lakes oS ee eee 1925
PaLAasiles}Ole=--c- 2. + wo. secudaeeees 63
ponds, condition of ._.......-2. 222 669
propagation. --...-.... 350), 1686, 1731, 1814
TOATIN GS Olew oe encenaa eee 678, 1267
SPAWNS Ofs csc seceee tees seeea ee 1673
stocking streams with............. 7
Tuamotu Archipelago, pearls of _-....---- 229
Turbot for vAmericassssseee ee eos eeacue 1124
Tuiptlenmmisheries 22. see see nen me eee 1763
United States, brown troutin............. 1139
759,
carp introduced into --_-_-.
coast fisheries, statistical
TOview Olesoc-es ease 391
crab fishery of ............- 1327
crustaces: Of 2ces5280 ee sss 1583
explorations in--......._.-- 532
fisheniésiof 2-22 Soa7.6o Se 23,
891, 1327, 1488, 1525, 1560, 1802
fish-culture in_....-.......- 799
fishesiok =--4o ees 646, 855, 858
fishermen of-222 2)... nee 65
halibut fishery .........-.-- 239
oyster industry --...-...-.- 240
river fisheries-...-...--.--- 1525
U.S.Fish Commission, appropriationfor. 1496
first decade of... 640, 643
organization and
personnel of .... 1493
publications of..._ 1484,
1490, 1491, 1542, 1543
regulations -__.. 118, 650
status of 3222s 648
thermometers _...
U. S. Menhaden Oil and Guano Co., pro-
CoeCiN PS Olesen soa ke eee eee 483
Ditah! fishes; of 20: 225e 25 -ee Sane ea
explorationsin="~ S>2es eaeee eee 862
Lake, speckled trout of.....-..--.- 1925
Utricularia. 225s e- so see eee 1198
Vegetable parasites of cod _-....-...--.--- Dt
Vendean coast, sardines disappearfrom. 621
Venice, fish and oyster culturein........ 1217
Vertebrata, carnivorous plant preyingon 1197
Vessel fisheries, statistics of - .-.....--- 384, 177¢
Vessels, improved types of --------------- 386
of Pacific Coast --.--.-.-.------ ... 38
fONDACG Classes een ede 1500
Vineyard Sound, invertebrate animals _
1785, 1789
Virginia, fisheries of----.---.---------- 035, 1871
fishes of ---.-- Se ee res are oe 860
rivers, obstructions in -.---.--.--- 1058
Viskan River, salmon fisheries of -- .----- 1768
Viviparous fish ot Pacific Coast-...--..-- 531
Wales streams, salmon diseased in....... 1805
Walrus fishery of PacificOcean.---.-.---. Bot
Walruses, natural history of --.....------- 9
Wash fisheries of England -----..---.--- a 714
Washington County, Me., fishes of-.--.-- 888
Washington Territory _fishing-grounds,
explorations of -..-..----. 1718
fishery treaty --------------- 27
Water beetles enemies of carp --.--.------ 1364
Water plants, list of ---..------------- 1807, 1808
1247
~ 4699, 1745
pipes, eels in----.------------
Nuted ‘with TOLUSG 2. '<-4-206
10.
yoofing for herring nets ----..---- 739
purification of --..--.--~----------- 1356
residues....-..-...---------=-<.«-<=- 900
utilized by fish-culture --.-.-.----- 181
706
Serial
number.
Weights of fish..---...-+seenseseseee------ 1230
Weirs, fish destroyed by------------------ 1216
Wieser ~Sshaditor ey eee a eee eres 182:
Western Atlantic fishing banks, investi-
APION Ob ota e oer oaste ee aoe eee 374
NalefTiSher yer se aces eee eee 247, 302,
333, 1432, 1527, 1592, 1593, 1605, litt
of Californign=se-s==- fees 174
Nantucket --_----
North Atlantic
INOL WAY oceson eee eee eee
Ine a VIVO sos eee
oll transteniofess= eases seen eae if
StabisulcsiO lisse pee ee ene ene 00)
Whales, collecting and preservation of-. 1757
Maturalshisporyiotesss=+ ees a= a OtD)
MOOS ONMer ees Paes esew ce note 246
DLOLOCELON OL c eons oan eee 288
Strand in ofa seere eee a eeeee 776
Whaling establishment __....-----.------- 458
Whitefish eggs, hatching of--_-_- 251, 314, 326, 682
instructions for taking __ 230
shrinkage Pay Seaton gto
food Of ae aehOoe 582, 583, 584
for Australia___..... 112, 408, 682, 1830
New Zealand =e 22 os2ecce- 33,
399, 407, 408, 555, 572, 740, 741,
786, 792, 784, 825, 1832, 1883
Switzer ‘land Renee ye 596, 1118
gill nets injurious to__-_.- .----- 795
in Hrance sss Rae ee eae ee Se eae
Make Wriesevee see sone cec ee eels
Uae hee eee eee
minnows, planting of----
Naturalhishoryiores oes. ceases
of Great Lakes-
Sees 14378955903.
Maine....... SECO OD EHEC ECO 934
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Serial
number.
Whitefish of New Brunswick.........___- 934
planbins.OLle ee 251, 313, 1159, 1626
propagation of... 308,311, 326, 415, 693
reared in spring Water... oases ae
SPeciesiOl VE eel ees eee 1168, 16
White Sea, seal hunting in___-.__-..__-...
Wihitine shabitsiofas ee ee eee ios
Willard’s patent pocket, method ofusing 1080
Wallow: branch fishery --e.-- eee ee 1180
Winyaw Bay shad fisheries ---.-.--..__-- 1901
Woodhull Lake, landlocked salmon intro-
ducedtini=22--s-— Bee Sat a led)
Woods Hole, fishes collected at__..---..- 98, 154
Laboratory, operations of. 1429
Harbor, temperature OL eamnes
Station, codusty propagation
ee 66: 26 LOIS
oatge supply of -- 900, 901
World's Hairaquariaessss see essere enooo: 1355
Fisheries Congress--.------.-. 167, 1052
Worms, natural history of___....----..-.- 1323
Wyoming, aquaticinyertebrate fauna of. 588
explorations: in see 540
fishesvofvn: ao sete eee 540
Wytheville Station, operations of -------- 1036
Yellow perch, hatching of...-...---...---- 1917
Yellowstone Park, aquatic invertebrate
Tana Ole sees eee OSG
fishes of .._.__...... 415, 863
larvaldibothriafrom 961
parasites infesting
trout of 963, 967
reconnoissance of
piregas and lakes
Page.
Abbey: & Imibrie.....-.-22-.-5 222.22. ek 193
Abbotuy Charlegi@es2-- aso ea ee ee B54
Abramis crysoleucas_-__..._--..- 400, 587, 609, 612
Acipenser rubicundus-_-_-..-.-_..---...- 385, 584
Adalcsislandl ose see eee ee eg 198, 231
Ad amis. As OS. ste ee ee 26, 27, 58, 94.
Additional Fish-cultural Stations_______- 17
Adhesive Eggs, Experiments concerning- 38
Agassiz, Alexander:=—.--: -----2 22-2 2-2.2 194, 279
A PASSIZ InRO LISS ao bee ass = oth ee B52
Aratpursland sere. cence: ene sw ees ee 223
Air-circulation Process in hatching Fish
DOF f Pe EE ee en ste et eee ae 33-34
rATUN COVOGES se cnesc's= =< oe eto ce 211, 236, 237
JA Qi Wald 81). oe earn eee 205, 236
Aillbatross;Steamer.=..2s.52-55 eee e---s 9218
Albatross, steamer, Operations in North
Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea--.-._._.- 82-87
Albatross, steamer, Report upon Inves-
hieations by 222-282 -secseoe cc ae ee oe 197-278
SIOZ ANGEL Ate Dates ea eee ee ee peo ree eae e 82, 85,
115, 148, 149, 178, 179, 217, 219, 220, 228, 229
Alewife Fishery of New England-------- 125
Allen pte or = seas. =e nse eye eee 193
Ailosa sapidissima:.-2.ceenc-=—seees sae 588
Alpena Station, Report on---...---.--.--- 42
Amakislandes eens ns eenc oso ee 235
Ambloplites rupestris----.------ 417, 600, 610, 613
American Fish-culture, Notes about---.- 10
American Fisheries, Remarks on Main-
tenance and Improvement of ---.-..---- 10, 169
American Needle and Fish Hook Co-_.--.. 193
AMOIUTUSNACUSUNIS A = pas- nce =e eee 350, 585
melas. 2. ho See 349, 387, 608
MERLIN Se os. seen eee eee 7
HRebulosus os se-- eee 387, 585, 608
Wilearis! =. ee seses Sone eee 585
iAniiags Calvan. oo nnsees couseencesene 386, 585, 608
Ammocrypta pellucida clara -_.....------ 610
‘Ammiuk-ta Pass). s-s6cc toh ee ee wceeen acca sete LUO
Analytical Key of Whitefishes---... .--.-- 288
IAN GPOWHy ks eo Ssct ee none eee enema 96, 99, 216
SANIGTOWAs OSCE sx ane a a ae beta eee oe 158
Anguilla chrysypa ---..------.------ 412, 588, 610
(Am nIn 7 QMNCN = =o 255-25) 5 none eee Seen 822
Annotated List of Fishes of Missouri
Basin ee eee eat ae see ee eee B84
Aplodinotus grunniens. ------------. 423, 608, 611
Apomotis cyanellus_ 342,343, 347,348, 417, 610, 615
(APPLOPriablONS =~ 2 aes. oe oem eee ae eee 1
Page.
Aquarium at Central Station__.....___._. ot
Columbian Exposition ._ 7, 10,182
Architect and Engineer, Report of____.__- 2
Arendell }William 22) eee ee ee ee
Argentina, Fishery Tariff___....___...___. 563
Argyrosomus artedi._................... 305,591
antedi sisco<..2--a-6 = a eee 309
NOV a EES eee 310
lauretiea 2.2.0 eens 314
ducidus):-.<2-. oe 313
nigripinnis 2-2 os5 nee,
osmeriformis..--........... 305
prognathus ................ 814
pusillus! .-3- S22 ee
tullibee 3.2 = ey
tullibee bisselli_..._..._____ 322
Arizona, ALOBIMNOrs.2-< so _ ee 16L
Arkansas: Wishes Of cs-_ = <2oe- eevee 10
Armistead: JiJea-see ese see seee 10, 16, 19, 190
Ashby 31:;, Do aeite cers eee ee 192
Atheresthes stomias................-..... 232
‘Atike ‘Island 22220 22 ees ann. sane eeeee 2A
Atka Mackerel oo 2222-2. 25-- bee eee 222
Atkins, Charles Gs... ocs..52-2:-seeser Ope eee
Atlantic Salmon -.....-........ 10, 21, 65, 168, 591
Atmospheric and other Influences on Mi-
grations ‘of Mishess 22 2252.ce oe eee 10
‘Atristain, JO ose 3. 2. seas no cee ae ee
AthINA WMS P A o-oo ae oco. = eee ee 302, 304
Auguns Os Eb cesta iac conan nance aes 169
Australasia, Fishery Tariff_.......-.... 569-570
Austria-Hungary, Fishery Tariff_........ 551
PAV VOUS heb 26a ~ < eens Peat eee 189
‘Azores, Mishery Darite .-=.2..<-.-c saconeus 551
Babcock. Ontnesseie cnee a oc kaae ees L
Bahamas, Fishery Tariff.................. 00
Bailoy; G.ili-223 5-22 =. 5 Sen eae Be
Bailey Harbor sc < -tso2 ho
Baird Station, Report on ---.......---...- 49
Bald Witte As Posten see ce centeee ee eee 2S4
Balearic Islands, Fishery Tariff .......... 556
Barbados, Fishery Tariff.................. 500
Barrie amen it. 2.2522 =nceee eee eee .. 1%
Bartlett, 8. Posse 3 cass onecn anes 45, 170,178, 179
Batrachium trichophyllum.--...-....-..-. 333
Battery Island Station--..........-----.-. 2,20
Baylor; J; Ba n2acs - 25. ce. 5 2sasens cus =e eneae 12
Bay of Waterfalls. -... oO ee cone 1
BevOU Pans ---cs-s---seera < ; 610
Bante Creeks cp acer <2 asec eenaabty es : M3
7108
Page.
iBeansbarton Ale] je-sss= 88, 108, 284, 292, 293, 579
Bean, Tarleton H_....-. 6,7,9,11, 295, 299, 302, 321
Bean, Tarleton H., Report on Fish Com-
mission Exhibit at Columbian Exposi-
ET OTe ee teeta ee ne ae ere 177-196
Bean, Tarleton H., Report on Propaga-
tion and Distribution of Food-fishes_-__ 20-80
Bear Creek) xc.c228 see ee eee ee 368
Beaufort, N. C., Oyster Inquiries at____- 90
Beaver, (Bay. 2202s25-2222-2-2ce sas- ene eeeee ee 214
Beaver. Creek 2222026 2-2 e eo Sees cece 337, 338, 349
Beeson Charles see eee en eee eee 105
Belgium, Fish Eggs Shipped to.-.-----.-- 16
Beleiamybishenyilaritt. 22-22-22 eee oe xsl
ISCO fS Key eee eee eee eee a sceee 213
Belle mlounrcheyRiverssees- eee ee aes 334
Benedict; JME Yess snbos ose eas ae once ees 11
Berryhill Agee atten cee ae eee 201, 216
Bio BluewRiver ies 2222 825 sae! 2 a see eee ee 349
Big-eared SUNN Sh ese eects e ae ane eee 600
BIS CLOW: ikuetb eas nee eee eee 11
IBigiGooseiC reels sass ane ete eee eee 333
iBig-jawed sucker sseee: =. ee sw eee 395
BiguPine yy RIVCl a svesseene eseee ae eee 373
(Sif shee eaten anee anes ae ae sete = 584, 608
Bin sham oe eces shoe eet nee eee 17
Biological Research in relation to the
Misherios 72s ss steeswe yee nee eect eae ete 9
Blackback sic -es. scene ee ee ee aceceee oe 296
IBlack#Bass secs e525 asec eeee eee 36, 46, 73, 74
Propagation in Ponds-_____.___ 10
Blacks Bullhead teases eees seen eee ene 387
(Blackiin 322222335 sesna. 225 2 seen eee 317
iBlackfinawWinitenshi= ses. 5 -ses—e eee 317
Blackford Ha Getse soe eos ean eee 7, 93, 184
Black-headed Minnow -------------- 397, 609, 612
Black Hills, Ichthyologic Peculiarities of. 381
Black-nosed Dace. -.----.------------ 409,588) .612
iBlack-sided: Dartense.+- sas =e oe eee 610,613
Black-spotted Trout_--...-------- 37, 42, 48,57, 70
Bla CktSUCKOrsescss sas eee eee 389, 586, 609, 612
BlatchleyWeiSescsese- esscse cose ewe eeeee 105
BlisheDistance-hNGeCres=ss0=e= selene 240
Bish OhNt Biss ce-seceaee ean eonee aaa 240
BlOab Sse soc ces is 2 amen tee samen eee eee 314
iBloatercts: cee ee ee ee ee eee 314
iBloater Wihitefish = eee-. eee eee eee 314
15110) oj aes ee yeu ye yEnc nce nO 423, 604
BlucbacksHerrin ere. sea. a ese eee 305
BlueiCat 22 -t2c2e--s22e os alee eae eee 38
(BlweDarter: see oes nee eee soe Ran eee 610
pli fini as ee eee Soe oe Roel ee 317
Bluefinawihitetish\esss2-ees- -eeaa= eee eee 317
iBslue-eall|Suntishs-2=2-- eee sees eee eee 418
iBluejHerrings 2-22 ececo a eae ae eee eee 413
Blue Weampreye sees) =e ee eee eee 584
iBlue-spotted! Sunfishies2 2-2 oes seee es =e 610
Blue Sunfish se 20 Seon ss eee See 613
Bite mWanee atin Chases eeeeeeee eee ame 4, 12,30
Blunt-nosed Minnow------------ 399, 587, 609, 612
IBoabibeam ira wiles == sees ae ee eee 219
Bodanrt. (Gaston es oe ae ae eee eee 190
Bogert Hi Sess esse ao bee ee one 216, 228
Bor oslotmViolcano ssa. 25 ee ane ees ae ens 203
BoleichthyStexilis essa sae sae eee 423
AUSILOLMIIG se aaa ee ee ee 423, 610
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Page.
Boleosomarnicnnm = sess s===s = aaa 421, 610, 613
' nigrum olmstedi______------ "603
olmstedits 3. i-n oe ee eee 35
Bolivia, Hisheryilarith === o. 2s eee 564
Bone Creekweseee oc ene as ee 342
Bonney, C. C_-..__- Sided Ste ee 7, 184
Borodine, Nicolas <--:-- 2---/22----= 10; 19532)4190
Booth as cate ae ee ae a eet ee ee ee 184
Borrow Pitsost sss: --o ee ee 53
Boston HishiBunea ts eee se eee 172
Boston, Receipts of Fishery Productsat. 164-165
Bowlenger, GAS eae ae eee ae eee 295
Bow back Wihitotishes sass ese = en eens 297
Bowlin 22223 esos ee oe ee 584, 608
Bozeman) Stationye= === ="== eee 3
Brackett, Mii AG eee ee eee eee eee 184
IBLaAGtordapAlire de — eee ene sions, 194
Bravilshishony Parithoss=-saaa nae 564
IBT@AaM {5 62o— 55 ade fan ca o eee ee BUOHO LE)
Breeding Natural Food for Young Fishes
‘Artificially Hatehed==-cos==s—= eee 10
Brennan di: (Riss 2 pore aoe ee eee 329
Brice, J. J..on the Movements and Breed-
ing Grounds of the Fur Seal_________. 513-577
Brine-salted or Pickled Herring ___..__ 498-503
British East Indies, Fishery Tariff______. 569
British Guiana, Fish and Fishing in__-__. 10
Hisheryelarith === 566
British Honduras, Fishery Tariff_________ 560
British New Guinea, Fishery Tariff ..__-- 571
British West Indies, Fishery Tariff _____- 560
Broad Whitefish--....- ee eet See eee peer 294
BrookiLampreyueses = -seeaeeee ee eee 385
Brook Stickleback==sessss=ss—== 416, 599, 610, 613
IBOOK: Wi: (Kassie Sees eee 10, 34, 90, 191
Brook Mrowtesee=---= 22, 40, 44, 46, 47, 57, 70, 71,592
Brook Trout, astern s 22s se se ee ee
Bro waist hes sos 3 ok ee ee eee 192
Browilydit- tases. eee ee eee 192
Browne, O NU Uh ceseac ceo aes ae ee ee 329
Brusstar vin sic. see eee ee eee 192
Bryan, E.G 2222252225 4g eee ee ee 177,178
Buftalo-fish: 22. .osoee tee ete eee 388, 586
Bullhead 2%. 222-2 2252-242 sete eee 585, 612
Bullpomtissss.c02-¢ 2a ae ee eee eee 585
Bureau of Engraving and Printing_-_-_-____ 8
Burnett, PicBiset 322i e eae ee 378
Cad dis-fly-. 222s tee Be ee eee 25
Calico Bass! c ss2:222s2-405- ce eee 417,610
Callie Hillsworth@e=sen= see = === ee 367
Camere, Ao et eben aoe oe Been oeerneeme 190
Campostoma anomalum..-----.-------- 395, 609
Canada, Eggs Shipped to----------------. 15
Misheriesiof 6-54 se eee eee 10, 169
Mishenye Tanith 22s 557
Canned Salmon, Trade in---------- 511
Cannibalism among Pike-perch Fry-.--- 39
Canning Industry of New England-_-_.. 141,143
CannonsBall Rivienss222--- eee 353
Canvashack. ssteamers=-— ease eee 4
Cape ‘Cheerful. - 22242-22252 eee ee ee 202
Khituk i5:5.20 Sete 2s eee eee 212
Tazaref :--5-.- koe eee tee eee 212
Pankof ).2. 2. 32S 212
Cape Verde Islands, Fishery Tavriff----.-- 567
Cape Vincent, N, Y., Fish Hatchery at---- is
INDEX. 7 09
Page. Page.
Carey, Joseph M.-.nn-narsesvestesseeeens 829 | Codfish in Alaskan Waters -.......-----. =
Ue eo eee enema emic el 191 | Cod, Haddock, Hake, and Pollock, Trade
Oy ene ese eee ee Pee ae 86,46,62'| in............-- : 475-484
Carpiodes carpio -...........-.--.------- 346,389 | Coffeen, H.A.............-............... i 320
Gieienieee casts 5 600 | Collins, J.W ......-s sn SaeLuteee
thompsoni 3553 ae ie ees 586 | Colombia, Fishery Tariff_..........____. ‘ "565
WOULORE Me 22 sn ece hence ee 347, 389,609 | Columbia River Basin.__..._...._..._....- 100
@aribiakeeeere=s sees ee 347 | Columbian Exposition, Fish Commission
Carp) Market Value of.--.......--...22--- 169 Exhibit at_.......... 177-196
Carp Sucker + -++------------.------------ 389,586 | Columbian Exposition, World's -...-...-- 6
atin ie ipa Schooners--b-etee--e- Hee Commercial Importance of Whitefishes. 285
Li leg] 8 A eee oe ,99 | Common Buffalo-fish.................-...- 612
CWHStlOMWiiiacnee
P
Hulton; Ty Wemyss-2.5-. 25. -- see aeeeee sO
Fundulus spawning in the Aquaria ...:.. 35
Fundulus catenatus.._....-...-..._..____. 415
diaphanus -_........-..... 415,610,612
floripinnis 222-25 eee 416
lineatus.<.-<-: 2 see ee 416
macdonaldi <2...) cous ses. eee
SciadionS* 521-24 pa. 343, 346, B47, 416
ZOBTINUS! 25-2. occ esce a see
Fur-seal Investigations __..___...__.._____ 81
Movements and _ Breeding.
grounds of 2s sso ese 573-577
Past and Future of_____- meee (19 [:')
Fyke nets and Fyke-net Fisheries________ 9, 167
Garden/Creek 2a) Joe =e eee B45
Garman; ‘Samuel. 2-225 on-25--s eee 359
Gar-pike@s.223--2- 3-2 cou Sade 584, 608, 612
Gasconade River=.--..- --.-e eee 373
Gaze;\Howard 2222-252 -- eee eee 216, 217, 228
Genera and Species of American White-
fishes 222-3. 5 causui.- 2) soe ee 285
Germany, Fishery Tariff ................. 558
Gilbert, C. H... 9, 100, 150, 360, 361, 362, 367, 370, 371
Gilberts Wi Like s-s=—2-2-cn cee re eS sey: 9
Gilchrist; BY. 6 eee ee eee 321
Gill, Dheodoress... 2-52 --25 ean aes 354, 355, 358
Gillam; Robert @.----ens.-co ose 104, 326, 328
Girard :Charlesisscceccnscos eee eee 352, 353
Giudicelli;-Henrict see ec et oe 190
Gizzard-fish 2225-62 Gee 302
Gizzard! Shadices Bets oes eee eee 610
GlaGlor Bay 252s a see cena e tans eee 231
Gloucester, Mass., Receipts of fish at... 163
Gloucester (Mass.) Station, Report on___- 26
Gopele-6y@e- 222 <2. se a nceut eee sean 417
Goldeniidegs-22--2 3. 2-5 ae eee 46, B4
Shivericc---. ..l.5k.k se eee Oe
Teneh S2cse¢s-o< ase -2o saa Ot
Goldfish= 232 ee see ee 46,63
Goode, GabBrown_.-----<-se-a-cen 7,9, 11, 184, 185
Gorman Straits)... 240 122. -ses dene a 214
Gourd-seed Sucker~-.....-.25.-2 eee 389
Graham, 1..D See. 226s eee eee ee 385
Graham, John Y... 23-0 o-oo eee 96
Grass Basso2 Son a coe eee 610
Gray back Herring 2-. 2-202 eeeees eee wee 305
Gray lin pasa nee tee a oe aoe nt en a5
Gray Pike Sos. 2 2 22 -c3 sateen eee 419
Great Bear Lake Herring-.---.....--.---- 313
Great Lakes Cattishi=- 222 <=. 2-5-2 -cee oer 585
Wisherigs: -scs-s20- cso eee 148
Fishery Laws, Assimilation
9) fe a a Saye Sey 9
Great Soa Lamprey-5:.----25~- 2 saewanes oS
Greece; Fishery Tarifl --.- 2. ---5.5-22.=5-- 54
Greenback Herring <-..-.---<- <..-_-....-: 305
Green Base 25 vs aelen Okemo een ee eee 610
Green Lake Station..- .2¢ 22<.2.-65 cues 2,24
Greenough, .W ---------- 2222 -cssnes<0e-8=25 b
Groen: Sarah = sc. os sess een eee 417,610
Greeny W: Sits Sei tanec Soe ne eee
Griggs Ty Jp=-tn se. . 191,229
Ground Pike-Perch ........-<-..<....-..8 OL
Guadaloupe, Fishery Tariff. ........-.- 5d
Guatemala, Fishery Tariff................ 08
Gurley; R. BR--...---.- jeans 0,61, 88, 105, 114, 254
12
Page.
Eliad COC kes aseee es sean ee eee 76, 162, 164
Haddock, Cod, Hake, and Pollock, Trade
ee ee Ben LE BEC LICR DE Dm ona UEaass Seaee 475-484
Hadropterus aspro-..-.-------- ------ 420, 610, 613
phoxocephalus..------------- 420
iaecke lbs tases ase e eee aaa 9
BMW IDG 1D) oe eos risseda coe escceesaenossess 93
Hlaitinhisheryedtate thas = === eee eee 562
1S Ets Va eee ee eee ene Eo te 162, 164
Hake, Cod, Haddock, and Pollock, Trade
hte ERO eieeesers ste teks es gore 475-484
IB oway cess oe ea hee Sos be cecei bot seeose 162, 165
in Alaskan Wiaterss----- ==-.----— 209
all AM Sle yierene er sae ae a= 116, 135, 139, 179, 284
Hammonds Gharles)| Cees. 22a. eee 354
lee kaotha, 13h Wi steseasseeceeesae 88, 89, 93, 96, 97, 107
Netcare onwinte Olle eee eee re eee eer 329
Harrington, Ni Re--225--5---=-- === 99
Ipleyiinorel, Ib Elsccecusaeseseeconeedescen dace 34,178
le@slommoeley IDA Woe cece scedsoce sosseeee 107
ley, O12 2S on kee soos esseses Sosee promos 368
IEG INA Wie [Pepe Sececogceccesbe soseaecsensence 161
Ibe eVern, 15 \ecaeioeeeesseeesescesesce asecce 353
Hendryx Company.-.----------------------- 193
Henshall JnyN ee oe ee eee eee ee eel (alts
iBkeseiale@eme [De 1S reelsnesceroodasctesce sas 192
igen) IbEVKE) Lo ssa cence ssececosecocdesess= 611
Herrick, Francis H--..-- soeivecteneae 10, 96, 97
Ilermin areas sapere rae ee ae 38, 305
Tirade ears eens eee eee eee e008
Fishery of New England_-----.- 125-127
Elesse le hid Ol phases ese ea= eee ee 35,178
Hickory, Shadli2=-=2---------------—-'=---- 413, 610
ickson! @reckeese ss. sae == seer seme a 368
Highback Whitefish.--.------------------- 297
TERM W/o UP pecoasosceas-msecoes aatecaoo Sesscs 89
iplilbonr haha IRAN oss Sapoco casos oases soe 190
Bitar hy5 lat 1B ls eae osenen se cece ecscad 88
Himnkelmann vA. os o-2ae- eee = ae eee aaa 190
Hiodon alosoides --.--..----------- 340, 347, 351, 412
beLCIS Saeee ee == eae 351, 413, 588
TENORS) 22 Sanne es eeeeees sasSeseestsesss 602
Hodekkins yD sp senes eee me ana er aoe
Fog gain ses Gllmay nee seee eee 192
TE oye WWMM oe eb toes aco etascess secs 609
Hog-nosed (Darter sees == 4a ee eases 420
TEUGyS? SHON SOL = 8 bs 2k ete eee cdaoacaces 394, 609
Erol dined en Ga Wieeeeee = ease eee ener 329
JEONG, Wy passssde Su oa edase saeco soscoe 194
Honduras Hisherys Daritt aseee esse Ono
IB i@yeaVeyel IDEKES AS S5 Speen esoooeo- et eise 587, 609, 612
Pout ee see eeeat et omebae sacs 585, 608
IEnib bands Wid lori essere sea emme aise == 51
Hudson.iG@.B; 22.2: -sees2 seers sete ee 32
Tele aes JNU TNS mash eoossonocse saacse 156, 159
Hin bolatiHarborsessessscees ees ae 229
Telereney liiph Ds socosce can osc secsee eases face 194
Humpback Wihitefish]==22=--—-=sess-s—— 297, 301
Eundredand ‘Two River.2---------22-=== 361
ean ba ACe ML peace cee e ees orca eeers 22. 12045216
Hybognathus argyrite_-..--..-----.------ 397
mubillum= eS eessaseee eee 397
nuchalertesesesee see seese 396, 609
nuchale evansi --..-.---.-- Gin
340, 346, 347, 396
Hybopsis sestivalis .......-..---.---- 346, 347, 409
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES.
Page,
‘iy bopsis dissimilist==se=ss== =a ose =m)
Solidus ss2.5-s- 5-8 C a eee 409
HY OStOMUSS = jesse ssesse eee 409, 610
kentuckiensiss2o=-22-22=5e-eeees 410
MOOK. sesh oseeo Sate a ce eee 410
MON TANU Ss 225 saeco = see ee 410
Storerianils ase seesee eae 347,410
Hybrid of the Pike and the Pike perch-- 56
Hyde; ida. 3 Auer oo ee ee eee eae 96, 99
Hydrographic Soundings of steamer Al-
batross, :tablese:2.4 6-2) se. ee ee ety
Hy pohomus cymatoteenia--...-.--..------ 420
nian Sue ees ee a ee 421
Tee-fish.s 4) 20 2S ee eee 593
Ichthyomyzon castaneus .-_-.---------- 384, 608
Concolore tere onan 384, 584
letalurusfurcatussess] 22 ss=- eee east OCG
punctatus ----- 334, 347, 350, 351, 386, 608
Tetiobusibubaluss2 esses ease ae 389, 608
Gy prinellacsece eee ences 388, 608, 612
UNOS eres cs seo ae ee ae ee 388
dO 22520. nescki eos se eho se eee 35
iasikdisland 2522.22 ceee eee eee eee 214
Import Duties in Foreign Countries.... 460-474
on Canned Salmon.-.------- 515
Fish Sounds and Isin-
glass jee faeces (ee eo!
Marine O@ilsecess ee 531
Oysters ee iseee oe eee 519
Whalebone._----------- 538
Import hisherya trade sass) seen 441-461
Indiana, Investigation of Waters of ------ 105
Indian Territory, Investigation of Waters
OLE. sch eee cre eae eee ae re eee eee 106
Influence of Light on Periodical Depth
Migrations of Pelagic Animals---.--...- 9
Imgalls;eMisihi S25 22S ese eer erate 191
Intermediate Tow-net Stations of the
steamer Allbatrosse= 2. see seen 250
International Fishery Commission ------- 169
Investigations of Rivers and Lakes with
reference to Fish Environment--------- 9
Iowa, Investigation of Waters of --.---- 102-104
Proposed Fish-hatchery in--------- 19
Irish Mackerel Fisheries-_--.-.....------- 10,169
Isinglass and Fish Sounds, Trade in---. 539-541
Italy hisheryaaritijses= ssc eee 553
vies. Gbidince 22 = hee eee ee se te eee eee 829
vesii Gao N 2c bee Bee ee a See eee
Jamaicawbisheny amitt ess. ean eee 560
James Allen, whaling bark.....--....-.-. 224
JaMessRivel sees see ae ee eee 344
Jansehuls, Nvaness- seeee ance e ee se eee 190
Japan, Fish Eggs sent to------------------ 16
Pishericsofes2e22 23 ee eee 169
Fishery: Dariffies- so. eee 568
Japanese Fisheries Exhibit.-..-.-..-..... 192
JenkinssO“P Less se eee OO eG
Jerk? jcces.css-ced ae oe oe5 ee OL)
Johnny Darter --.-.-.. ----- Slee 421, 610, 613
Johnsons?) OHNE =o 45 seen eee ee 329
JON CAS in Zine aan ee ene 10, 169 190
Jones; Alexand eric sesseee eee eee 178
Jones! Creek... cc.cocc2 kee ee I
Jordan, David Starr___......--.--- 9,358, 360, 371
J. W. Hawkins, steamer -.-----..--.--.--=- 161
INDEX. 713
Pa
HOI cok ATS ae PR AK Gree, (line Page
Kendall, John ep Bo SS PR 614 Li fon ties P plete peer mods aie’ ao. 424, 608
RCE el Wt) car deeper neon ac a2 9, 88, 93, 94 Ptr oe Bape race he ae
ae W.C.,on Fishes of Vermont... 579-604 Fidoswas tee pais. 580
ennicott’s Whi : IIR OR pee BS ae rho r,
Kerrison, LC At See eae ss acetone of U. S. Fish Com- ¥
Moyes, ©, Manan. c eens neon enna sOv160 | TAttie Dear Creskiee ts ee aes ae
Ses ere ae 310 | Little Goose Creck.....---.-.--------..-. 983
SS RE Cae 192 | Little Piney River ......--..-----20------- 373
Kirsch, P. H -....--....----.-.----. ---- 9,105,284 | Lobster psc
ITS Raw ADO ee ek ee i ae 9 Pea aeeeSe New ee wt+2------ 27, 28, 58, 76
Renaignesarls.c2 ss ca = ee 9 ree aul ngland--.... 130-132
‘Narathe Ua ee ee 190 a ee by opment of --...- 10
Keomiushinistands) so-2-.---025<2 sce oce as oe 230) Wh. OR Soe 150
Korbel, Hatchery Site at_.............---- 49) || tiobater “4 preg OE SNS Earns 10
moneashisheryaritt = ----22<2s5-csa-eeoe 568 aa, s and other Crustaceans, Sagi ‘3
cee see ed #35 | Loc Loven Trout... sn, 4,48, 57,68
Kunz, George F.......----..-------- 159, 160,169 | Lock Fork of Gasconade. -....--..-..----- 373
Labidesthes sicculus...-..-...-.---.-----. 417 | Locke, E. F...- 115. 116. 161
Labrador Whitefish...........-..-.-.----- Calan see eee es 8 a ae .
GL Es oats i) toe Perahce Soke ae el ea
Lake Carp -----..-------------------------- heb; | Dowetiiens rackets seamen ae "340
Lake Champlain Shad or Shad-waiter--- @ \Giiongé. os oe ee 501
Lake Erie, Fishing Industry of -...-.-..- 10,169 | Long-eared Sunfkh Ma 4? aes 418 610
eee oe stv Ofer es aaae ‘ 107 Longjaw or Blackfin Whitefish... .....- 57,314
e George, iNNEeSOta. ce ceas seco. 607,608 | Long-nosed Dace ....--.----.-.---.------ 588, 609
Mako Herringte tea. settee ene eee 305, 591 Gari esto. eee 386 584, 608
Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence River... 108 Cae re eee a ade
Make to GUEe COM saa ee ac aea ans eeeeenne a= 664 | Song Pine Greeks!) 2-0... ewe 342
Dake Trout 222-00 -.02- iit 43: lic, 7e.s0t, Iecnbdeet a, ck
Lake Washington, Minnesota. .-.-..--.---- 607 | Losses during Transportation------.-- f ee
Lampetra wilderi-.....------------------- 385 | Lota lota maculosa.-.-.----.---------- 424
TuAM DVO YS =< ans a= vanes oe aca ~-ne= 384, 584, 608 Sis eee Ot |
Manders Wranke Q)402 50 4-e= sores BOO) | east Rircihiows cle! ce ks te
Landlocked Salmon -------------- 22, 24,58, 65,66 | Lucius lucius.....--- 344, 348, 350, 415, 597, 610, 612
Weare herr: ite IDR Oye eee ae aoe 190 MASCUINON LY 22 —oacoac nee eee eee 598
Landrau, Lewis---------------------------- 19 rotichlatua:.... <2. 22-2 eed 44
Spain and Balearic Islands, Fishery Tariff 556 Switzerland, Fish Eggs sent tOa2; - -=.- eee
Spains ONG Vie- see aeasias c= aaa mce eee eee 87 | Switzerland, Fishery Tariff ..........._.. 556
Spaldin pidcsBrOssesee ne saan ence eae mee 19%: | Vabo: Creck=-<-e.- 222.022 Seu tee ee 3a2
SpanglervAnMe 222. asses eee e nee ace 9:169\)|| Talbot, Arthur N22: - 2-2 eae 108
Sparoid Fishes of America and Europe- -- 9 | Tanner, Z. L waco aces eens eee eeneee nee 9, 82, 86, 220
Spa Wil Ca bens sane ae eee ee 609 | Tanner, Z. L., Report upon Investigations
Gnearishi Greeks aaas ene ooaae seen eee 335 of the steamer Albatross -----.-.----- 197-219
Spearishitalla:ses-enon-aeeennenn anne eens 335 | Tarr, J ames G ea ces sceee sees eeee sees 159
Spermaceti, Trade in---.----------------- 533-535 | Tasmania, Fishery Tariff --....-.....-.-.... 570
Sponges, Trade ine -----2----==--- -==--- 542-545 | Tawara, K Sean See a ee : 190
Senn pil es sesee cee eee enero aseacn as 608 | Taylor, Elizabeth------- a nanan a nnnee ne 205, 313
RiocniDil Gate een on sees aaner sea an oe 385 | Temperature Observations--...-......---- %
Spot-tailed Minnow----...-------------- 587,609 | Tench -------.---.-.- Seppe eet 36, 46, 63
Seotted) Gethnh: 4s. ee sae | cea e iene 46, 62 Tennessee, Investigation of Waters of... 105
A OTS