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Report

of

The Danish Biological Station

to

The Board of Agriculture.

Xx

1899 ana 1900.

By
C. 6. Joh. Petersen,
Ph: D:

Reprinted from Fiskeri-Beretningen for 1900—01.

Kjøbenhavn.

Centraltrykkeriet.

1901.

E i
UNE 7
JA ORSON
HL | PR or

From

The Danish Biological Station.

2

1899 and 1900.

Kjøbenhavn.
Centraltrykkeriet.

1901.

Contents.

Page

List of the "Aalerusestader” in Denmark, etc. — C. G. Joh. Petersen ..........22200044. 3
Smaller Communications. —— On the Plaice in the Limfjord 1899 and 1900.............- 30
Ones barken anis ea SE SERENE 33

On the Value of the Common Starfish as Manure......... 35

On the Breeding-grounds of the Herring...............4…… 36

List of
The ”"Aalerusestader” in Denmark

drawn up in the years 1899 and 1900.

With Observations on the Migrations of the Silver Eel, etc.
By

CFCEJohsPetersen:

(With a Coloured Chart.)

Tabular Statement of the Number of the Traps.

The Eastern Shore of Jutland.

Traps.
CapenSkasenstorMuldbjærgene sr ENE ER SEE SE NE SENER 24
ihre En mak Or JE RE. se MERNE ER BE SN SE DE SER c. 2,600
HromaMuldbrærsenegtor Maria gerhror deres ES 223
MEAD ORE] ODER Es BES DE ARE RSS RENE NE ESS SENSE Sene 124
Randers ordets re Se SEERE REE Eee SR ENE Ens 75
Grormuldekjobthousestor Sletterhage ere eee SES SSERR islkg
ihelEishery ol Sletterhage rande Kalø VISE ERNE EN ERE SEEE 652
iiherEisheryenorthgor Elo Ey NERE RS FEER RSS SER ERE 218
The Fishery at Gyllingnæs and the Mouth of Horsensfjord ....... 114
fiber hishery rom Rosenmvolde totFAs tove Eee re ENE SEER 240
khetEishery from TreldenæsstoEejlsmnde SEES Sel Karkeleede 348
hun Samsø Vejrøfandskndela ve eee ENE SEEREN 149
4,884
Funen.

Fyenshoved to Strandskov (the Fishery of Kjerteminde), together with

SE TE ae SEE ES os Se ES ERE HE eres ERE > 286

From Strandskov to Skaarupsund together with Vresen (the Fishery
GINN Dora nd ONS SEE EGEN 1,526

Traps.

From Skaarupsund to Nakkebølle (the Fishery of Svendborg) together
witbsthe”Isle ror kaasinge SS 3 SES ES SERENE TE SNEEN 312

From Nakkebølle to Assens with the Islands of Svelmø, Avernakø,

Drejø, Bjørnø, Lyø, Illumø, Thurø, and Thorø (the Fishery of
Faabors) Ear SER ra. core RRS SES ENE EN ER SERE E S SRLE 2,309
From Assens to Stavnshoved together with Bogø, Orø, and Fænø.. 389
Odensotjord ak r aL ORE EDR Arne NEN RE REE SEES ESPE ERR 137

The north-end of Langeland together with the eastern shore as far
as nerane kære SENE es KE eee HF srt SEES (EET SENE SAREEN 1,019
Bromkranekærstokthet southern dress bes dEN SSU 343
The southwestern shore of Langeland and Ærø ...............…… 92
6,413

Zealand.

The Fishery at Refsnæs and in Kallundborgfjord..............…. 412
The Fishery on the south-side of Asnæs as far as Voldbjærg ..... 262
Muusholm and Reersø as far as a little south of Drøsselbjærg ..…. 964
The Fishery of Korsør from Halskov to Stigsnæs Forest ......... 365

Stigsnæs to Agnø Fjord together with the islands of Egholm, Agersø,
and Omø (the great Fishery of the southwestern part of Zealand) 3,813

Knudshoved fEisherytassfartaseMasneds un de reen 543
NyordsMøens-anduB os ØRE EEN Er Eee 156
Falsters es mera fe SES NÆ N TAN ed MEE AE ner SEES SEE RE SEE NERE 165
The western shore of Lolland (Rødby Fjord not included) ........ 305
Præstøvk Jord" 40 aksekIT AN REE SEES SERENE ERE ESS re 28
Faksertor RØV SN eee re SEN ER are ele DE ERNE 312
Steynst(Kalksrunden)ito try rev ælde PÅ att eN SS ENS ERE 295
Køre torKkallebo Strande SEE ENE Eee ER 736
TERE tor 0 ste REE" EGB REESE SS ERE NERE SEES TERESE SKS SINE AE SE 545
Va Von KT) SØRENSEN ES EDT ereR ES HERE BENE SE ET ESTEUSENE ESS SEE BESES DERI THRU BLL SIDDE 311
Saltholm SEE ASER SE SEN RER BEL E art SRENE EE EN SS T NETE RER RESENS LES EU TERE 132
Vedbæk 108 ElSor es NE re er ERR E eee Es 1,785
Elsinore to" Gildbrærøbove dr EF E MESES REN SKARE NER SENERE KERES 182

ikibenbl

Total.… 22,608

3)

Add to this, finally, a few traps along the western shore of Jutland,
c. 460 traps in Ringkjøbingfjord, and a few in Nissumfjord. There are
some traps also in many small enclosed seas, and in fresh water, which are
not included in this list.

If we want to count up the traps in larger groups, we may, for instance,
arrange them in the following way.
The eastern shore of Jutland from Cape Skagen. to Rosenvold

wilhsthernershpourng slandss 2 ERE NE NERE ERE 1,936 traps.
The Lattle Belt from Rosenvold to Svendborgsund and the south-
endtorslanselandes es ene eN SIN NT) RR ETA Dens 3,450 —
The Great Belt:
NRA GN os thes FroresofeR un oms ke NER ERR RER S ASRERR 3,174 —
2) Along the shore of Zealand (Smaalandsfarvandet and
the western shore of Laaland included)............... 6,664 —

The Great Belt, total... 9,838 —

The Sound. from Fakse to Gildbjærghoved… så meme 3,753. —
ERB EL) OT AE KINDLE ER ENT REE se ER: si KER ce. 2,600 —
TUSE GER ANGST ISEREREREN Er LEES el rs "Er SEEDEDE NERE SES ce. 460 —
OAONSP ION GARE rå ASSR» rl ERE SO ses 137 —
FISSE TOR ERE SAS SEN SANDEDE ST por 1. DSR MER SNE LED SE ITD g 545 —

Detailed List of the "Stader” >)

as also of the number of traps in each of them.

«Aalerusestader””) along the Eastern shore of Jutland.

Cape Skagen. Traps are said to have been here in former times; at present
none are used. Cape Skagen to Frederikshavn. No traps are found. South of the
Harbour of Frederikshavn. 5 "Stader” with 20 traps altogether. This fishery
dates from 1897, when the Biological Station was here. Asaa Rende. 4 traps.
(Stated by a fisherman.) The Limfjord. According to statements of the fisher-
men and official statistics there are c. 400 traps between Aalborg and Hals, in-
cluding the traps off Hals. Between Aalborg and Løgstør there are c. 600 traps.
In the western part of the Limfjord c. 1600. Hals and Muldbjærgene. Here the
traps are not counted, but presumedly there are none or, at all events, only very
few. Hurup to Fruerlund. 2, 3,3 traps. Fruerlund to Haslevgaard. 1, 1,2, 1,4
traps. Haslevgaard to Als Church. 4, 2,2, 6,6, 1, 7, 3, 4, 3 traps. Als Church to
Als Sand-bank. 10, 2,5, 12, 4,3, 4, 6,5, 9, 3, 4, 11, 4, 5, 4, 2, 3, 7, 3, 6, 2, 6, 12,
3, 3 traps, to which, according to the fishermen's statement, 30 side-traps must
be added. 10 of these fish silver eels from the south. Otherwise all traps from
Hurup to Mariagerfjord and Randersfjord fish yellow eels from the north.

Gør pg; 16:

Mariagerfjord. 7T/e Mouth of Mariagerfjord along the North-side as far as
the Lighthouse on Als Odde. 42 traps which stand 2 and 2 together. From the
Lighthouse to Hollænderkosten. 2,1, 1,1 traps. Hollænderkost to Hollænderhage. 1,
1, 1,1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1 traps. Havnø Hage. 1, 1,1 traps. Thygeslund. 3 traps. (Far-
ther into the fjord there were no traps). The South-side outwards: Haderup to
Hadsund. 2, 2,2 traps. Lystrup Hage to Aistrup. 3, 3, and 5 single traps. Aistrup
Bugt to Overgaard. 4, 2 traps. Overgaard to Als Odde. 1, 2,2, 2,1, 2,2 traps.
Als Odde to the mouth of the fjord. 24 traps, which stand 2 and 2. From Ma-
riager to Randersfjord no traps.

Randersfjord. Along the north-side: Baaken to Mellempolde. 16 single
traps. Mellempolde to Udbyhøj Harbour. 8 single traps. Uggellusene. 2 traps.
Romalt. 16 traps, according to statement. The south-side outwards: Holbækgaard.
1 trap. Udby. 1 trap. Udbyhøj Lodshuse to Baaken. 31 single traps.

The Shores of the Cattegat continued. Along the northern shore of
Djursland no traps till we reach Gjerrild Lighthouse. 2 traps in "Gaard”, 2 R.in GF),
2 R.in G. Karleby til Fornæs. 1 R.in G., 5 R.in G., 3 R.in G. Fornæs Lighthouse to
Grenaa Harbour. 5, 4, 3,7, all R. in G. South of Grenaa Harbour. 10 R. in G. Hav-
knuden to Rothes Grund. 1, 2, 3,1, 3,3 R. in G. Off Karlsbjærg. 2 R. in G. North of
Kobbergaard. 3 R. in G. Kobbergaard. 1 R.in G. Kobbergaard to Gydehøj. 2,4 R.
in G. Hasenøre to Gaasehagen. 2,1,1 R.in G. Gaasehagen to Sandhagen. 4, 8, 3,
2,2 R.in G. Æbeltoftvig at Lyngsbæk. 4 R. in G., 8, 6 traps. Lushage to Sletter-
hage Lighthouse. 3, 3,1 R.im G. Sletterhage Lighthouse to Stavnsøre. 2,2 R.in G.,
2 R. in G., outside 5 loose traps, 2 R. in G. 2 R.in G., outside 5 loose traps. 2,
4 R.in G., 2 R. in G., outside 4 loose traps. 4 R. i G., outside 3 loose traps. 1 R.
in G., 4 R. in G., outside 7 loose traps. 1, 5,1R.in G. 10 loose traps as far as
the sand, by single stakes. 1 R. in G., 2 R. in G. and 7 traps. 3,2,1 R. in G.
3 R. in G. and 1 trap. 2, 2, 6, 4, 4, 4, 4 R. in G. Stavnsøre to Kongsgaard Bridge.
1R.inG. 2 R. in G. and 3 traps. 4,9 R.in G. 8 R.m G. and 7 traps. 6 R.m
G. 3 R. in G. 4 traps. Kongsgaard Bridge round the Cove to Rønnen. 6 R.in G. and
2R 2R:m. G.and 7 RR: 6 Rn GG. and 3-RSÆR mm GSand HO RS MAERSK
and, 10 R. 3 R.m G and 4 R: 4 R. m/Gsand 3 RBR 4 Rim Grand 2 RES REN
GEMMER Gan ds RESEN G and IRS ER In Gan ER MIR In G Fan de ber
ER En G and 3 RER RING and ER ERIK Rand ERNE ONE SRG
4 R. Ved Rønnen. 1,1, 10 traps. Rønnen to Vistofte. 9,10,2 R. 3 R. in G. and
SER ONS AR Pestofte to Tved METRES Ran GR GERE ned VR
tos Isgaards ft RE Grane i RANDI EDER Sin Grand 2 RIR NER ES RRS ER SEG
Tsgaard. to:Løghøj..3,,2, RR. in G.9,1 R..2 R.in-Gyand'6 straps: 132"RSKAtEtbEe
head of the above-mentioned ''Gaarde” there are generally at least two ''"Hamme”
(eel-traps without a leader); consequently, at least one trap more than we have
counted. The loose traps stand, at Helgenæs, by single loose stakes, i. e. 2 for
each trap, and have tricing-lines. As a rule they stand in the direction of the
"Aalegaarde”, but there are intervals between them, as the "Gaard” often does
not reach the inner border of the vegetation, where the loose traps begin. Skjøds
Hoved. 4 R. Skjøds Hoved to Nordgrund. 5 R. Øst Hoved. 2,7, 1, 6,2 R. Knebel Vig
from Øst Hoved to Tved Church. 5 R.in G. and 3 R. 3,2,4,2,3,2. 4 R.in G.
The north-side of Knebel Vig. 1,2, 3,3,4,3 R. Knebel Vig to Roelse Church 9, 3,
5, 6, 3, 5, 2,1 R. Roelse Church to the eastern shore east of Rønnen. 4 R.in G. and
TR. 2,10,4,9 R. 3 R.in.G. without bridge and-7 R.. 6, 6, 5.R.; here "Flager"
are much used. Rønnen. 2, 1, 1, 2, 2 R. Kalø East-side. 3 R. and 1 R. on the
north-side in the cove. Kalø Førest. 5,3 R. Følle Nor to Uggelbølle Hoved. 2,
SER ARE GG. andet RS ACR san GER OR RETEOR SKAS AN AE Rn oe RS

+) R. in G., in this list, means trap in "Aalegaard”. R.("Ruse”)=trap. G. ("'Gaard”)= yard.

-<

in G. and 1 R. Uggelbølle Hoved to Vosnæs. 1,1, 3,3 R. Studstrup to Skevringe
1,1, 1,3 R:" Kyssing Hage N E pomt to: Kyssing Mill. 10,10, 10, 15, 3,9,1,1R.
Ry ssmng NINE RS RU Chur eh SERENE REPERS G.A RE EER EG.
IRS AR SENNGE Saxild. Church tor Dyndgby KE onvede 1, 1R: SRI G AN 2
BNÆN SOMERS HORSE Diyngby, Hovedstostikhekkerrg: 12, 101 1 VEI ENR:
The: Ferrytto Hou!Harboar.. 1,1,91, 5 1904 17, 10,4, 15,4,15,1,7,1 R. West
of Hou Harbour. 1,1 R. No traps before Gyllingnæs. The south-side of Gyllingnæs
to the bridge. 11,7, 12,12 R. Hjarnø SE side. 4, 4, 3,2 R. Næbet. 6 single R.
Næbet to the Church. 5 single R. The Church along the Westside of Hjarnø. 1,1,
1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 R. — Alrø. Jægehoved to the broom NW. of the same.
2,1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 5, 6 R. Hesteodde to Snaptun. 1, 1,1 R. Snaptun to Hundshage.
5 single R. Sønderby Forest. 3 R. North of Ashoved no traps. South of the
Ashoved Forest 8, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 7 R. Juelsminde Harbour to Bjørnsknude. 3 R.
2,3 R. in G. 2 R. in G. and 3 R. 3 R. in G. The point of Bjørnsknude to
alene ret ÅER In GEDDE GE and RO SER GS and DER:
SERGE andel RARE EON GEERT Gant 0. .RIRSÆRE HER AREG
Roe Garde RF RSER an GARDERE RI Gands tt RER EERG:
and INR AR an GE sand RER ERSINK GE and ERE APR DNGE Ands ER:
PBE and ISAR 2232 3 SNERRE SEDEGEL 3 RER ml GÆS Ran
Grand ber ESPE Rn! G: CERN GG Sande ER KS RG anders 23 R
mm Grande R. 13.R-in GandÆ RS Klakrings Forest to: Barrit Forest. 2, 1%,1,
3,3, 25, 2 Rum G. Barrit Foréstto-Røsenvold.… 3,1,4, 2 R.mG. 3 R. im G.
and 1 R. 3,425 R.iG. All the "Gaarde" built of thick stakes with "Fla-
ger”. From Trelde Forest and southwards. Here begin the large Little Belt traps,
sometimes with smaller traps outside ("Kasteruser”). 3, 2,4, 3, 2,1 large traps.
3 large R. and 7 "Kasteruser”. 4, 3,3 large R. 3 large R. and 7 "Kasteruser”,
4 large R. North of Fredericia. 3,3 large R. Fredericia to Odden. 1, 1,2, 2,2,
3,2,2,3,2,1,1;,1 large R. Lyngsodde.to the" Ferry. 2,2,92,92,2,1largeR. The
Ferry to the Cove. —2,1,2,2,2,1,1,2 large R. The Cove to Damgaards Mill. 1,
1,2,2,2,2,1 large R. Damgaards Mill to Odden. — 2,2,2,92,2,2,2 large R.
West of Odden at Skærvæk. 6, 14 "Kasteruser”. Along Stenderup. 1,2 "Kaste-
Fuser USET 11, 2,122, 292122 large RI 43, 40R:. + Theubroom at Stende-
rup Hage. 18, 2,15, 40, 1, 3,16, 16,15 R. At Skibelund. 8 R. Under Trappen-
dalskorest in 1252923" R-

Thunø. The southwest-side. 1, 1,2,1,1,1,1,1 R.i G. The southeast-side.
2,1R.iG. The Bridge. 1,1 R.i G. On the east-side they fish from the south, on
the west-side now from the south now from NW.

Samsø. From the north-point west of Samsø. Issehoved to Koldsøre Hage. 2
R. in G. 3 R. Koldsøre Hage to Asmørhage. 2, 3,4,3,3,2.3,3 R.mG. AR.
3 2, 3, 2 Rin G:. 10'R. 2 R. m G… Asmørhage to;Maarup Harbour. 2 R. in
G. 11 R. Southeast of the Harbour. 5 R. 2 R.im G. Off Ringebjerge. 1,2,1
R. in G. All the "Aalegaarde” on the west-side of Samsø have tricing-lines. Vest-
borg Lighthouse to Brattingsborg Forest. 1 R.im G. 1 RR. Jettehøj to Ljushage. 3,
3 R.in G. Ljushage to Ballerhage. 5 R.in G. 5,4 R. Staalhøjshage. 16 R. At
the south-side of Vejrø. 6 R.

Endelave. South of the island. 2,1, 2,2,2,2,2 R.in G.

Funen.

From Fyenshoved east and southwards. Sallesborg to Snave. 1 R.
in G. 2 R. Snave to Bøgebjærggaard. 4, 3,2,2,1 R.in G. Off Bøgebjærggaard. 2
1 R.in G. Bøgebjærg Hage to Stavreshoved. 4,12, 5, 2,8, 1,2,7,7,4,2,5,5,7,5,4

;

6, 5, 3, 3, 2, 6, 4, 4, 7,1, 2 R. Off Stavreshoved. 8,8,7,7,8 R. Stavreshoved to Hver-
ringe Forest 7, 8, 8, 6 R.. Hverringe Forest to the Mill. 7,8,3,10,10,1 R. East
of Kjerteminde Harbour. 3 R. Off Risingehoved. 2 R. Off Strandskov. 15,7 R.
Off Teglgaardsskov. 3 R. South of Teglgaardsskov. 4,3 R. Off Christianslund
Forest. 2,4,8,6,10 R. Off Slipshavn Forest. 11,7,7 R. Knudshoved to the
momteof Slnpshavn ED HON KS El EPTN TØS ELO TDRS RES ES ES ELERS DOM O
Slipshavn to Slipshavn Harbour. 8,5,4 R. From the Harbour round the shore up to-
wards: Landholm. 1, 6, 3, 4, 1, 7, 4, 4, 14, 8, 16, 5, 3, 2 R. On Lindholmen. 3,
3,7 R. Lindholm towards the Town. 6,9, 3, 8,7,4,3,4, 3,3 R. Off Dyrehave
Mill. 3,2,2,9,3R. Ojf Holckenhavn Redout. 12,'11,.4, 3 R. . Kajberg Forest.
12,8 R. Off Maemosegrund. 14,4 R. Kløverhage to Kongshøj. 4, 16, 16, 7, 10,
LNS LEES ISS MOHR REN GRSORE I Kongshøj to Lundeborg 385530)
ESS HP NONE RO OPAD OSL EROS OAO SÅ ESS RÅS
10, 11, 16, 9 R. The traps stood nearly all between Kongshøj and Stokkebæk.
Off Knarreberg Mill. 15 R. Knarreberg Mill to Elsehoved. 31, 24 R. Elsehoved
southluvards.. 12, 3, 8, 25 R. The rivulet south of Tidselholt.. 30 R. Aslushage to
Skaarup Sound. 7, 21, 19, 6, 11, 12 R. At Aslushage they commence with 4
stakes. Northwards there are only 2 stakes for each trap. East of Svendborg. 2,
2, 222) R.. Svendborg to Paulmelund.. 5, 3; 2 ADD TD TØ TRE Paulhnelund
to the east-end of Lehmskov. 2, 2, 3,2, 3,3,2,4,4,3,1,1 R. Off the pomt of Lelm-
skov: 2, 1, 1,73, 4, 54R, Lelhmskov toveast oftSkerning rivulet: 4,37 27 2 LB EDB
Ar 3: 9) 6313,13,.3, 2 RR." Skerninge mvvulet torRinggaards' Hage Ar HOMME
3, 4, 4, 4, R. Off Ringgaard. 3, 3, 4 R. Towards Nakkebølle. 4 small "Stader”.
Off Nab. 2,1, 3, 3, 2%R. Of Hanse Odde. 3,2,3,2R. The northwest-side- of
Faaborgfjord. 2,2,92,%2,%2%R. The southwest-side of Faaborgfjord. 1, 5, 4, 2, 6,
REE TED LN MONE SER SEERE as Hof older ES OMG RESTER S out o enden
BES ELAN SES SES ENO SEES TP PETO ERE ID OS AEE RARENSER Nes SOE KO
den along the tongue to Sinebjerg Forest. 9,7,7, 14, 10,1, 14, 11,7,1,4,5 R.
Along Sinebjerg Forest. 3, 4, 2, 4, 5, 5, 1, 7, 3, 13,7 R. Sømebjerg Forest to south
of Lergaarde. 6,8, 5,14, 6,2, several of these have the inmost traps in ""Gaard”.
ROTTE TO GÆR 08 the in most Gl AGRE the tin most in GA ARRROERE
11, 2, 6, the inmost in G. 3 R. 12, the inmost in.G. .3 R.' Lergaarde to the
Southern point of Hornenæs. 7, the inmost in G. 7 R. 7, 9, 15, 8, the inmost
in G. 9"R. 8, the inmost in 'G, 1% R. 16, 23,10; the mmost in GG 6Ml00SEe
traps:u 111,.5/-tbe inmost m/G./ "3 loose "RR: 1475, the inmost im GES ER ER2
nr GENAN OR TO S the an most in Gt FOUR EOS ED being most
GB loose RES ER mm GERE ER an GES hen mos an GATE
in G. ' 4 loose R. 1 R.in G. 14, the inmost in G. 1,1R.im G.… 14 looge R.
1 R. in G. 17, the inmost in G. 1,1,1R.im G. The southern point of Hornenæs
to the western point off Hornenæs. 3, 3 R. in G. 3 R. in G. and 3 R. 2 R. in G.
By RS 20 DEO the inmost Fin GEDE RENO SNS NM them nd GERE RE
western point of Hornenæs to the mouth of Kalvør. 6, the inmost in G. 2 in G.
6746) 12) 67 TIT the ki mmost in GARD RINK GET Re month KO KK ALDØT.
to the custom-house. 1,1 R.in G. 8, 18, 10, 11, the inmost in G. Within the
custom-house there are two small "Stader”. The east-side of Helnæs to the southern
pomt to ERE ARS GEDE DT Ehe an mos SER ERR 0 Re San mos EG
SR ESS ETON 3 SER the Him os ao GREENS ER PORNO GERE ERR
without arms, prepared with linseed-oil. 2,4 R. in G. The southern point of
'Hélmæs-to the pomt-at Leho.… AAR. an Gy 7 RR. SN AN BTR in GG 18 8 the
inmost in G. The point at Leho and northwards.. 8, 2, 16, the inmost in G.
1, 1, 1, 1 R. m G: Langensbo! Huk. "vb R.… 1 R.imG. "At" Avernæs. 113 Gaarde”
with 1 or 2 traps. East of Sønderby Bjerge. 8 R. . Along Sønderby Bjerge. 3,
the inmost in G. 6, 5, 5, 8, 2, 17'R. South of Thorø Huse. 16 R. Assens,

uke mel STE Er

2)

West of Aborg. 8 R. The beacon to Emdekær Nor. 15, 8 R. Wedellsborg to the
point of Ivernæs. 7, 9, 12, 14, 10, 20, 3 R. On the southern shore of Aalehoved.
2, 26, 7 R. At Tønnæshage towards Sparretovn. 22, 12, 4 R. In the Bay. 8R.
Along: Fønss Forest. 28,1, 25, 12 R. "Past Hagen." 3 large R. 2 R.: 1, 1, 2
large R. 2 R. 1,2 large R. In Gamborg Fjord. 3 R. The boat-builder's yard
to Teglgaard. 4,8 R. Teglgaard to Gammel Slot. 4, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1 large R.
Middelfart to-Strib. 1, 6, 4, 4, 2, 3, 1 R. Strib to Stavreshoved along Bøgeklint.
2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 1, 2,1 R. Along the north-side of Funen no traps till we reach
Odense Fjord. Outside the juniper-grove to Hals Lighthouse. 1,1, 1,2,2R. The
bridge of the Lighthouse to the juniper-grove up the Fjord. . 1, 2,1, 2,1,1,1,1,1 R.
South of Martmegaard. 1,2 R. In Egense Deep. 12 single R. At Gersø. 1,1 R.
At Dørholm. 1 R. Klintebjerg. 1 R. Hasselø (the SE corner). 1,2 R. Hasselø
Kvissel. 11 R. Lumby Kvissel. 11 R. Seden Kvissel. C. 20 R. Haardehage.
1 R. From the southwest-side to the northern point of Vikkelsø. 1,1,1,2,1 R. The
east-side-of Vikkelsø. 1,2,1,1,2,1,1R:— The west-side of Feds Odde. 2,3, 1,2
R. Sorteø between the two straw beacons. 1, 1,1 R. From Midskovby to the Forest.
RESEN R SR ØT DD TE SERERE

The Islands around Funen.

Romsø. Tie south-side. 6, 6 traps.

Vresen. The east-side. 3, 7, 11, 40 traps.

Langeland. The west-side. Frankeklint to the Lighthouse. 4,1 R. The
Lighthouse to Lohals Harbour. 1, 11, 4, 1, 4, 1 R. Lohals Harbour to Stoense
Channel. 4, 10, 3, 6, 6, 2, 3, 2 R. The east-side. North of the Lighthouse at
Charlottenlund. 26, 8, 5, 3, 6, 2 R. The Lighthouse to Snøde Øre. 3, 22,16, 20,
6GR2 OR ER20R38R2] 17,040; 785260 PONT DFÆ TT 6) 16732 T9ATR EN Snøde Øre
to Tressebølle Forest. 37, 4, 5, 10,.2,3,7,7,3,1,3, 17, 15.R. . Tressebølle Forest
lok Eranekærtunghthouse:. 2, 25, 1, TIRS LSSI38, 16,53], 1732, 13, 6733, 26,6,
4,2, 24, 3, 8, 3, 10, 3, 2, 12, 8 R. Outside the Lighthouse at Tranekær. 12, 12, 10,
3 R. Stengode Forest to Spodsbjerg Bridge. 20, 30,16 R. Spodsbjerg Bridge to the
south-end.of Nebbehuse- Forest. 4,7,3,4,10;3,1-4 372,1 3,2, 4,3,2;6R. The
south-end of Nebbehuse Forest to Hjortholm Forest. 5, 5, 3, 4, 4,7, 12, 2, 3, 5, 9, 5, 4,
36, 6, 4, 7, 1, 3, 10, 4, 2, 2, 12, 3 R. Hjortholm Forest and southwards. 12, 3, 4, 18,
2,10, 2,3 R. Nordenbogaard to the Lighthouse. 3 R. All the traps stand by 2 and
2 stakes. Along the south-end of Langeland no traps, nor any at Bagenkop. East
of Ristinge Klint. 5 small "Aalegaarde”. Along Klinten. "10 small "Aalegaarde''.

Thurø. The south-side. On the Reef. 4 R. Along the shore to Grønneodde.
6, 10, 2, 5, 5, 10, 6, 4, 5, 8,9 R. On the west-side from Grønneodde and northvards.
ARE ES IK SER PARRE Omen. ADR] "OF-Maaroddebas 3 RBR

Taasinge. East of Stenodden. 9 R. Off Troense. 3, 3 R. North of Troense.
2,2 R. Ørerne and westwards to the Ferry. 2,2,2,2 R. The Ferry to Tholm. 2,
PME E2 RD AND 3, TR OFONBAD I TOD 2 ON IRBER SET he: south-side of Lkolm.
4, 1, 3, 2 R. North of Bakkehavegaard. 2, 11, 4,3 R. Off Vornæs Forest. 2,7,
9 2-4 R.

Svelmø. The south-side. 2, 2, 10, 6, 1,7,7 R.

Bjørnø. Tle north-side of Holmene. 3 R. The south-side of Holmene. 9 R.
The south-side of Bjørnø. 5,9,3, 2,1, 1,8, 4,.13, 10,5,3,3 R.

Avernakø. The nortluvest-side. 5,8,3,9 R. Southwest to Stenhøje. 1, 1,
1, 2, 1, 1, 6, 4, 15, 9, 6, 10, 6, 14 traps and single '"Gaarde”. Stenhøje to Dreje-
husene. 4, 1, 1, 2, 12, 17, 18, 5, 21 R. On the north-side where the water goes
over Drejet. 4,3 R. The northeast-side. 5, 11,3 R. From Drejet along the south-
side of Korshavn. 2,3,1,3,1,1,1R.

2

10

Drejø. Åround the west-end, from north of the Forest to south of the same. 5,
6, 2, 3, 6, 4, 4, 9, 10, 10, 12 R. East of the Bay. 10 R. South of the Church. 1,
LER: "On The SOnk pot. —11'R. . Hast of thessame 3. R.

Lyø. From northeast to southnvest Hagen. Almost all "Aalegaarde” 1, 1, 2,
2, 1, 2,.1,5, 1, 5, 4, 8 and 5 R. outside the Sand-bankgs; 5, 1, 6, 3 and 10 out-
side the Sand-banks 1, 91717371, 1, 1 FAT ongithe west-side." TOME PRAN
NORS NO SN AS PD NOTRE in IGEN KONE northovest.sidede MEIER ORNE

Ærø. South of Ærøshale. 3, 15,12 R. Under Trappeskov. 10 R. Along the
west-side from Kongshøj to Dalen. 10 "Gaarde" with 1 trap in each. From Dalen
to Kirkevæk at Breminge. 14 "Gaarde” with 1 trap in each. From Kirkebæk to
Vorbjærg.. 9 "Gaarde” with 1 trap in each. East of Skjoldnæs Lighthouse in the
hittle "Bay. NAT DER:

Illumø. On the north-side of the west-end of the island. 5, 6,7 R.

Thorø. Along the southwest-side of the island. 8,8, 10, 6 R.

Græsholm Baake at Orø. East of this place. 12 R.

Bogø. The southern shore, at the Lighthouse. 8 R. The eastern shore. 4,5 R.

Brandsø. No R.

Fænø. Åround the island. 5, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2 large traps. 6 "Kasteruser”.

Fænø Kalv. 2 large traps.

Æbelø. No traps.

Sprogø. No traps.

Zealand.

Refsnæs to Ulstrup Mill. 8,16,10,2,4R. AR. SE GCÆmn dels RRS SER
SER ENG and ERE GER SEER SENNG and PER REniG Fandt ÆRE
int GÆE SERENE Grande ER SENDER AED RB, inkG? EL LORS AT RÆDER

NG andel DR SEERE ERR and ER ERE RING Fonde
loose raps: 2, 12, ig REDERI G Fan der nj Ulstrup Mill to Be 10,
AI DAS] eee IL 14, JA STÆR ÆRDØR: A RER G andets De TORTOR
EDR up to URE FHospifal. 3 RR. m'G.and 2 RnNG ander EK SAR We

are told that they go out with the traps SE as far as 4, at most 5, SR Traps
from the Sound have been tried on deeper water, but they gave next to nothing.
The traps all fishy from the east. Most commonly they have but one arm, the
western one being in continuation of the leader, which has often one or two shores.
The fore-bows are halfround, with a chain under the leaders. Im the deepest
traps they often use only two stakes in all, there being no eastern arm but a line
to support it instead. Hedvigslyst to Forskov 'on the north-side of Asnæs. 2 R. 3
RinG: 5, NB ER KON the westend of Asnæs. 16 RR. tiniG Fandt SERRA
i. in G. and 17 R. Along Vesterskov. 4 R.in G.and 20 R. 5 R.in G.and 8 R.
lå RR." d& Rim G." 4 R. mm G. and 22 RR. Along: Forskoven 5 Rn Grande
REGERING andel OR NOS ER EINE G an ED AR AERO ER 070
Forskoven. to. Voldbjerg.. 2 R. in G. and 13 R. TR. 3R.im G.and 16 R. 2R.
m G. 149,4 R. The northwest-side of Reersø. 3 Rin G, and 6 RR. 1 Rin
Gian di GREG ER SEER SoNNG Fan des RE 5 EGER EESRREN EGER an dÆRRSEEGRRR
On the dry stone in SW 10 R., in SE 7 R. The south-side of Reersø to Reersø Town.
AG LS ØS ER EEK SIn GS 05 ng ig Rink san dl SER LO SDR RE 2S
38, 35, 50, 36, 27, 45, 70, 38, 15, 25,.13, 19, 12, 12, 12, 8 R. " Under Dalby Banks
to Mullerup Harbour. 10, AE 1355530) 5 20, 15 R. Mullerup Harbour to Drøs-
selbjærg.… 7,/8,5 R. DEAR ak to Lyngen. 5, 10, 5, 5, 11, 14 R. The fisher-
men tell us that there are people still alive, SAG remember how this fishery at
teersø has been developed from using the old-fashioned '"Aalegaarde” only, to its
present state, with as many as 70 traps in one Stade”. The fishermen are of

11

opinion that they get as much in each trap now, as MES there were many fewer
traps. Halskov Reef on the south-side. 11, 3,12,11,10 R. North of Rebbes Klint. 11
R. From Korsør Town soutluvards to Alehøj. 30, 5) "34 R. Ålehøj to Korsør Forest. 30
R. Korsør Forest to Klar Forest. 38, 32,36 R. Klar Forest to Espe. 3, 34, 17,
24, 18,4 R. Off Troldhøj. 3 R. North of Stigsnæs Forest. 1 R. Along Stigsnæs
Horesk 14 19; 71771991 25,.8' RR. "Sowthwvardss 26; 15;116717,/16; AR. The
Jisherman's hut at Klinteberg. 1,16,4 loose R., 21,24,2,1 R. The Corner of Klinten.
31, 3, 4, 28, 5, 24, 3 R. Trefavnekrogen to Sevedøgaard. 48 R. 16 and 18 loose
REE OSSE GER: dogen torNæbet.… 1,6, 14, 4414718; 12, 10;-3,
1 R. Næbet to Hagen. 4, 5, Eae: 3, 4 315,4, 4, 4. TADRE 1, 6, 3; SÆR D 3,
BEORDRET 42, SST TE OMEN SER "Hagen to the Cudting, 5, 16, 3, 50, SÅ
ASRONED, og 4, ”» %0, ile je SURE g Glænø. 3, 3 29, 12 R. ER to
Bisserup. 86. OMI SR ODSN SKO ARANEEE BORER En 1,4,30'R.… (The4
feet stone) DØ loose traps. 40, 5, 3,1 R. 19 loose traps: SIR IEIER SOS NER
10 2 R. 16 loose traps. 24, 3, 25, 1325, 245 19% R: +28 loose traps. On the
sandy tongue out from land. 9, 10, 5, 5, 21, 9, 30, 35 R. On the southeast-end. 20
R. Before the spruce-forest. 13, 1, 62, 17, 23, 19 R. Along the spruce-forest. 3,
SNO OA DS ESKADRE STE il ls "94 R. From the Forest to Gumper 2 Klint.
26, 1,4, 48 R. Gumperup Klint to Gumperup Town. 9,2, 3,9, 5, 7, 3, 5, 7, 1,
8, 5 R. South of STUD Town to Karrebæk Forest. 4 loose FRE Ho ie
1, 22 4, 12 4 5, 1, 2, 1, 10 R. Karrebæk Forest to Karrebæksminde. 1, 6,
8, 4, 5, 2, 2, 44, Em 141,537135 2, 33 8 4 OMA 2 RR. At Emø Klint. 5,24) 3,
1, 4, 2, 4,2,1R. At the mouth of Dybsø Fjord. 2 R. (according to the fisher-
men's statement). In Agnø Fjord. C. 100 R. (according to the fishermen's state-
ment). On the northvest point of Knudshoved. 5 R. On the soutlvest point to Dra-
GERD INS NOS PÆRB REG) DER THERA 2) 2; 7, 15,1, 10:R. … Draget to the
midst of Knudskov. 1, 1, 7, 11, al 21, 3% 14, JER mon the midst of Knud-
skov to the east-end of the SE 4, 5, 5, Jess 2 RTE mast: end of Knudskov to
Oreby Forest. 2,2, 1, 1, 2, Bal i na Es Åb 22; 33, i lg VÆ SÅ ER 20 25, 3, 14 E
Oreby SEN to Ed: DERS EROS: i FANTA SRÆJS:
PA SØG: AS mi Hi VA SOVE AG Jar JE SR Jet: gg re Wenedsene through Bør Eem &,
Præstø no traps on R coast of Zealand. At Nyord. From the bridge round the
corner into Ulfshaleløbet. 34 single traps. In Ulfshaleløbet on the Møen-Side 8 single
hap (according to the fishermen's statement). In Præstøfjord at Nysø Forest. 3,
2,2, 1 R. (according to the fishermen's statement). From Strandegaard to the Fo-
FESTE NDTIRNOJELRRSE PD La Ge KR ÆNDER ED TE TERA Rane Ear bo:
24 R. These traps are <Klodsruser” , like al the rest as far as Rødvig Harbour.
At Siberien. 6 R. From little Thorøje they fish with 52 traps in irregular ”"Stader”
east of Faxe Strandskov. From Lunde they fish with 152 traps in irregular '"Stader”
from the forest east of Lunde to west of Lunde Town. At Højstrup. 8,8,8,8 R. At
Felskov Reef. 7, 3 R. Here they can place 50 more traps, if the herring-fishery is
poor. West of Rødvig Harbour. 1,6 R. From Rødvig Harbour to the point bd - Boes-
dal. 9, 4, 5, 5,6 R. ("Klodsruser”.) From Kalkgrunden to Kjøge Sønakke. 22, 10,
7, 3, 8, 31, 10, 20, 7, 7, 3, 11, 5,8 R. A few '""Klodsruser”; otherwise by stakes
(according FÅ the fishermen's FRR Fr Rn the Reef NAR th off Kjøge Søluse to
Sbrøby KODEDE 5 MON GEGOMTLAN SKID TAN 6; AKS I URTER kom Sbrøby to
Tryggevælde Rivulet. 1, 1, 1, 3, 20 R Erom Kagstrup north of Kjøge to Kjøge Inn.
2003025:530F8) 35; 20, 10, 31, 46, 16, 40 R. From Kjøge Inn to Jægerkroen.
20 R. Jægerkroen to Avedøre Holme. 20, 40, 40, 35, 25, 40, 30, 30, 30, 115 R.
These traps stand by 3 "Klodsbøjer” with stones; in the long Stade”, however,
there were 50 by stakes. On the coast of Zealand we do not meet any traps now
till we reach Vedbæk. Here are 11 R. by buoys. At Rungsted. 20 R. by buoys.
From Sofieberg to Sletten (the Forest). 60, 76, 88, 20,20 R. The traps commence

vd

,

12

here far away from land, much farther out than we see them in the Great and
the Little Belt. From Sletten (the forest) to Humlebæk. 108, 88, 82 R. From
Humlebæk to Tipperup Mill. 75, 75, 70 R. Tipperup Mill to Skotterup.… 90, 62,
60, 31, 44, 50, 36, 39, 16, 7, 38 R. Skotterup to north of Snekkersten Inn. 49, 70,
OG OD TEE SETE TAO AO RO 2 OMG LÆ MO EO NERO SO SERES SES FRÆREÆPRE 5 SR SEES rer
kersten Innto Elsmore Harbour NG 5 UD NDS NÆNSOMT 6 TES NÅES DERE
Within Lappegrunden. 23 traps, but they had been washed ashore by the sea; they
stand 1 and 2 in each set. Julebæk to Aalsgaarde. 2,1, 2,4 single R., 2, 10
single R., outside the sand-banks 3 single R., 15 single R. Åalsgaarde to Odinshøj.
19 single R., 2, 1, 1, 1, 2,2,1,1, 2,1,1R. At Odinshøj. 24 single traps, more-
over 52 R. to Hornbæk Harbour ; they stand 1 and 2 in each set, only two sets have
6 in each; there are stakes by one of these sets, otherwise ""Klodsruser” are com-
monly used in the Sound. At Gilleleje they use altogether only 10 traps (accord-
ing to the statement of the fishermen). From Gilleleje to Refsnæs there are scarcely
any traps, except in the Issefjord.

Issefjord. From Frederikssund Bridge to Store Rørbæk. 2, 3,4, 3,2 R.
The west-side of Eskildsø. 1, 1, 1, 1,1,1 R. The west-side of the Fjord. Øst Skov,
from the southern point to the northern end. 1, 1, 3, 2, 1,1 R. At Langøre. 1,1,
1 R. At Horse-Hage. 1, 1, 1,1 R. Svinholm Hills (the point off Skuldelev). 1, 1,
1,2 R. Kyjølholm, the west-side 3 R., the east-side 2 R. From the southern border
of Færgelunden to Frederikssund Bridge. 4, 2, 6, 1, 3, 2 R.. From the Bridge to
Kitnæs. 1, 1, 1, 2, 1,1 R. Kulhusrenden, Langoles Hage. (From the 5 ft. beacon
to the western beacon). 31 single R. The west-side of Kulhusbro. 5,2 R. From
Frederikssund Bridge to Klinten. 1, 1,2,2 R. Kulhusrenden from Grønnæssehage to
Sølagerhuse EPE ES ENA NER EET ESS SER DERS nymnæs HEan bose
of the:same in he: bay) 32) HE 2 14 RR On Dances Sand. MAREN IE
1,1,1 R. Between Lynæs and Hundested. 1,1 R. (as a rule 5 single R.). Issefjord
proper... From between Korshage and Skansehage to the Cholera Hospital. 1, 1, 1, 1,
ETS LEE STER E rom ther Cholera Hospital torskansehagenelNelsNSER
1, 1, 1, 1, 1,1 R. On this whole coast (according to the fishermen's statement)
30 R. will be added. From Skansehage to Rørvig Bridge. 61 single R. 2, 2,6, 2
R. From Rørvig.Bridge to Skredbjærg.… 3,2, 4,13,1713, 3713, ASS ERE
At Nakkehoved. 5,1 R.… At Rønnen. 4,6, 3 R. At Slettenebbe. 3, 3,3 R. At
Nykjøbing Harbour. 2 R. From the north-end of Kongsøre Forest to Kongsørenebbe.
UNE ELL FE EEN ES AED HEER EEAEE Bø gelhove NES ARE
The south-side of Egenæshage. 2, 1, 4, 2,1 R. Kisserups Hage. 12 single R. (Here
stakes only were found). At the east-side af Svovlsbjærg. 1,1,1,1 R. At Hønse-
halsen eds de ds Sd TE TEETEERE KOREB 0 gen æske SP lee
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 2 R. In Holbækfjord. No eel-traps.… From Sømine-
broen to the south-end of Dragerupskov. 1, 1, 1,2 R. On the south-side of Hamme-
ren. 1,1, 1, 1, 1, 1,1,1,1R. Skallehagen (off Allingebjærg). 10 single R. At
Rendebæk Ferry. 1,1,1,1R. On Ourø, Hagen south of Snabefærge. 1,1,1,1R.
From Østerfærge to Lindholm. 10 single R. The south-side of Ronø. 1,1,1R.
(according to the fishermen's statement). From Bybjærg Bridge to Ibenør. 33
single R.

The Islands around Zealand.

Amager. From Kongelunden to Alandshage. 33, 20, 37, 38, 33 R. On the
south-side south of Dragør c. 100 R. (according to statement). Between Dragør and
Kastrup c. 50 R. (according to statement.) The traps of Amager chiefly "Klodsruser”.

Saltholm. The soutluvest-side, standing by stakes. 12, 9, 6,5 R. Moreover
they fish now and then with 10 boats, each with 10 shrimp-traps (according to the
fishermen's statement).

Muusholm. On the east-end of Nordøen. 3,6 R. At the moorage. 2 R. At
Sydvesthukken. 6, 13, 3, 14, 7, 14, 3 R.

Egholm. The east-side. 3, 7,21, 5 R. The west-side. 5, 15 R.

Agersø. From the northwest-side to Vestlunden no traps. Vestlunden to
Næbet. 1,3, 2, 6 R. Næbet to Helleholm Taghthouse… 7, 3, 9,22, 24, 25, 2, 11,
29, 40, 23, 42, 6 R. The beacon at Østerhoved Flak to the Harbour. 40, 12, 12, 9,
5, 6, 5, 9, 13R. The Harbour to south-east of Draget. 1,36, 26, 22,9, 24, 23, 7,
6, 7, 1 traps.

Omø. The southvest-side from the north. 3,6,3 R. The southeast-side from
the middle to Skovbanken. 10, 25, 9, 5, 3 R.

Møen. At Møen Lighthouse. 3 R. (as stated by the fishermen). Klintholm
Harbour. 12 R. At Hagen off Hjelm. 4, 3,3 R. At Madses Klint. 5,3,2,3R.
From Grønsunds Hage on Møen to Fanefjord. 6 single, 3, 2, 3, 2,3,7,2,5,3,1R.

Bogø. Åft the southeast point. 5 R. At the westend, to near the Lighthouse.
ASSISI SN ZR 5 KEE 22 or single, Æ R:

Falster. At the Forest north of Sortsø. 1, 4, 2, 2,2,3 R. From the Light
house of Grønsund to Hestehoved. 1, 2, 6 single, 2, 4 single, 3, 3,4 R. From Stubbe-
hage to Hesnæs Harbour. 7, 11, 1, 3, 3, 2, 8, 4, 5 R. At Pumlenakke. 4,3,2 R.
In Guldborgsund from Frisenfeld to Stavreby. 7, 12, 12, 6, 12, 12, 8, all "Klods-
ruser” (according to statement). At Vennerslund. 1, 1,2 R.

Laaland. At Guldborg Ferry 2 traps are found. In Rødby Fjord there
are many traps; but as the water is nearly freshwater, they have not been counted.
With the exception of these there are, along the shores of Laaland, traps only at
the west-end, beginning at Østerskov. Inder Østerskov. 2, 4,4, 3,2 R. in G.
From Østerskov to Gottesgabe. 3,2,1,1 R.im G. From Gottesgabe to Albuen. 4 R.
re and ER HE PIERIS GE TER START 6 DSN ENS E NG SOLD 2S
VE GASSER an] GEERER on GS an ER TØR NG Sand RES RINGER:
mandel Rs 5 GERE GA! httle black house UN RU Gl ands RE 8R in GE
ande BAM Rane GS and REN ERNE an ER SRI GO RS mn Gand
ØRER SEEREN G and SR ER NG an de RE SER an GS and PR 5R:
ol Gan des Gan dB an GE AE RS Gan RR: 3 RR:
in G. and 2 R. 1 R.in G. and 3 R. On Hvidegrundsflakket in Nakskovfjord. 4 R.
At Vensholm. Ca. 30 R. (according to the fishermen's statement).

In the above list I have endeavoured to give a fairly complete represen-
tation of the places in Denmark where eel-traps?) are set for the purpose of
catching migratory eels (silver eels) in the autumn, as also of the number of
traps at the various places.

The traps, as it is well known, are set either singly or in rows out from
land or the neighbourhood of land (see Drechsel: Vore Saltvandsfiskerier, Pl.
XIIL), but in other respects the way in which they are set varies very much.
They may thus be placed hy

1) ”illocks” (a sort of wooden anchors) or stones only, without stakes ("Øre-
sundsruser”, ""Klodsruser”).

+) Perhaps eel-sets or eel stakenets would be a better translation of the Danish word
£Aaleruser”.

a

2)

5
(59)
Se

LES

14

2 stakes, one at the end of the trap and one at the end of the leader.
The traps can fish there, either from one side, when the only existing
arm lies in the continuation of the leader, or from two sides; in the latter
case they have no arms, and the leader is generally continued into the
trap to the second bow.

This method is mostly used on deeper water, to save stakes, which
are sometimes c. 60 feet long, and, most frequently, it is used in the
outmost part of the "Stader” only, when the latter go out on deep water,
i. e&. 6—9 fathoms. (For instance: the southwest part of Funen.)

3 (or 4) stakes: stakes being placed by the arms. This is the method
most commonly employed.

While the leader in the previous cases is loose, i. e. supported only above
by the head-line at the end nearest to the shore, the leader; at places
where there is not too much drifting sea-weed or such like, may be sup-
ported both above and below, by placing a stretching-stick at the end of
it, and this stick is placed closely along the leader-stake (Horne-Land).
This method forms the transition to the following, where the leader is
not loose, not stoned below or furnished with floats above, as in all the
preceding traps, but where

the leader is fixed and furnished with stretching-sticks for about every 8
feet. These sticks are fixed along the stakes, properly so called. The
leader, in this way, becomes firmly stretched out from the bottom to near
the surface of the water. This method is employed only on low water
(c. 2 fathoms), and is in use only near Fænø and up towards Treldenæs.
The traps are always very large, c. 8 feet in the fore-bow. Sometimes the
inmost part of the leader, on quite low water, is not made of net-work
but of "Flager”, made of wattling or similar materials. This is seen
also on low water in traps of other sorts. Where these traps are used
in the narrows of the Little Belt, two are often placed immediately beside
one another, so that they fish from the same side. The arrangement,
with the firmly distended leader and the two side-traps, reminds you
strongly then of a genuine old-fashioned "Aalegaard””); only the leader
is of net-work, and the bridge is missing. Indeed, they are called "Gaard”
in the Little Belt. ÅA form which still more approaches the old-fashioned
"Aalegaard” is used, for instance, in Svendborgsund where

the whole leader is made of "Flager” (wattlework), and where there are
often two traps beside one another at the outer end, which —- as in an

£) Literally eel-yard.

15
old "Aalegaard” — are hauled out to the hase of two stakes, or to two
"killocks” (stones or anchors). Here the bridge across the water is only
wanting to make them "Aalegaarde” of the old-fashioned form.

==]
pr,

The simplest ”Aalegaarde”, where the whole leader is made of wattling,
and which have a bridge of stakes that crosses the water horizontally, so
that the traps ("Hammene”, an old word for an eel-trap) may be tended
from it, are to be seen, for instance, at Faaborg. They are used here
close to land, in the surf, where net-work would not be strong enough,
and where a jolly-boat would scarcely be able to live in all weathers.
There are nearly always rows of traps, at stakes, im immediate conti-
nuation af the inner "Gaard”.

For such an "Aalegaard” they do not use many more stakes than
for one of the large eel-traps with a fixed leader, in the narrows of the
Little Belt. Not so, however, by

8) the large "Aalegaarde” in Jutland, for instance at Sletterhage. As far as
I can see, they use here, for an "Aalegaard” with a bridge, often as much
and as heavy timber as for a whole house. The "Gaard” is higher, the
bridge wider, and there are a great number of props to both sides of the
vertical stakes of the '"'Gaard”; probably, on account of the heavy sea,
but partly also, I think, in obedience to old custom. The dashing of the
waves is scarcely heavier here than at Refsnæs, Horne-Land, and Helnæs
in Funen, where the small "Aalegaarde” can stand pretty well.
A special form of the "Aalegaard” in Jutland is the so-called
9) "Sænkeaalegaard” (one which must be sunk down), which is used at
places where the waves would otherwise loosen the stakes and all the
wood-work in the bottom, for instance near Sletterhage lighthouse.

Ås it is to be feared that the eel, on its migration along the shores, may
go in between the shore and the traps with their leaders, the latter are placed
as near land, as the eel is known to go”). On much exposed shores, with a
heavy sea, where, consequently, the deeper water goes in close to the shore,
the leader of the "Aalegaard” often stands on land to almost above the daily
level of the water. If, on the other hand, there are low sand-banks off the
shore, so that the dashing of the waves cannot throw the eel quite up to land,
the leader is placed so near the shore only, as experience shows us that the
eels go in sufficient numbers. This generally means, as near the shore as the
vegetation reaches, especially the zostera.

Z) It must be remembered that, in these seas, there is scarcely any difference
between the high and the low water level.

16

The " Aalestader” — whether now they consist of rows of eel-traps only,
or of eel-traps with a '"Gaard” inside, or of an "Aalegaard” only — always go
in then as far as the eel goes; unless the fisherman in question has no right
to drive his stakes so near land, and therefore must remain at a respectful
distance; or unless the "Stader” rest on a rising in the bottom of the sea,
which does not go in to the shore. In both these cases the traps become /oose
traps, i. e. traps which do not reach land.

These traps, which do not reach land, or go in to the inner border of the
zostera, are called "loose traps” in this list.

Though it seems difficult, according to the above, to draw any natural
boundary-line between eel-traps, rows of eel-traps, and "Aalegaarde”, I have
in this list, from practical reasons, called everything that has a bridge "Aale-
gaard”, everything else eel-trap. To avoid all misunderstanding it is empha-
sised here that, in this treatise, is understood by
" Aalegaard”, everything that has a bridge, on which you may go or creep out,

in order to tend the traps from it;

Eel-trap, everything else, though only the narrow lath across the water, which
forms the bridge, is missing.

Loose traps are traps which do not go so close in to land as the zostera, or so
close as it will pay to set traps.

An "Aalestade” is a connected series of traps, set anyway you like, no matter
whether the inmost traps are to be tended from a bridge ("Aalegaard”)
or not. =
An '"Aalestade” may thus consist as well of an "Aalegaard” (near the shore)

as also of a series of traps in the continuation of this. Such seems to be the

ordinary usage among the fishermen; they more rarely speak of an ""Aale-
stade” as the place where traps or '""Gaarde” may be set, but they speak of
carrying the whole "Stade” to land, ete. — quite analogous to shrimp-trap

"Stader”, which have no such fixed places at all. —

The list has been made up, chiefly, by navigating the shores in the
»Sallingsund”, at the times when the eel-fishery is carried on, and then from the
vessel, in telescope, counting and mapping out all the traps. The bridge is
here very conspicuous, among other things on account of the traps which
are hauled up on it in daytime.

In the Sound, where the traps are placed by buoys, it has been impos-
sible to count them from a vessel, but Hans Christensen, the fisherman, who
is master of the "Sallmgsund”, has travelled all over the shores, and, partly

through personal observation, partly by means of information obtained from

17

the fishermen, he has, as accurately as it could be done, counted them all

and mapped them out.

Moreover, the Inspector of the Fisheries witlan the Skaw has given me
information of the traps on part of the eastern shores of Jutland north of
Djursland; the Surveyor of the Fisheries of Jutland has given me information
of those in the Limfjord, and Mr. Iversen, the Keeper of the Fisheries in
Ringkjøbing Fjord, of the traps here.

This counting and the drawing of these charts, which could be done only
in the autumn, in the proper migration-time, has by no means been an easy
task. It has often been prevented by bad weather, and it has not always been
easy to go so near the traps in the Sallingsund” that they could be counted
with certainty, without running the risk of grounding the vessel. But after
two years? work (1899 & 1900) the counting has now been completed: not .so
that we can state with absolute certainty the number of traps — this varies
not a little from year to year at several places — but at any rate so that we
get a good idea of where our silver-eel fisheries are carried on.

One source of errors I shall mention, however, which has the effect that
the number of traps is not, and cannot be, exact in the list: the circumstance
that, m the "Aalegaarde”, particularly in the large ones in Jutland, several
traps are often set side by side in the ""Gaarde”. These parallel traps, gene-
rally two I think, but sometimes 3 or 4, have almost always been counted
as one trap, because their number cannot be seen from the sea. The whole
undertaking would have beén delayed by landing at these places, and I do
not think, after all, that the general view suffers from this defect. Moreover, the
situation of the traps is not effected by it; only their number becomes, at certain
places, particularly in Jutland north of Aarhus, somewhat too small in the list.

The object of the whole counting of traps has been, partly 1) to get
exact knowledge of where, in which direction, and in how large numbers,
the silver eel migrates along our shores; partly 2) to examine whether the
eel-trap fishery is really carried on at all the places, and on a sufficiently
large scale, where we may suppose that it can be carried on.

The affixed General Chart has been constructed in the following way:
The 10-fathom curve marks the boundary-line between the lower water and

that which is deeper than 10 fathoms.

The green spots are the places where the vegetation is particularly rich, i. e.
where zostera grows in greater quantities. They are, on the whole, iden-
tical with the dwelling-places of the yellow eel, and with the places
where the eel-seine fishery is carried on.

18

The red spots mark the eel-trap fishery. On some very special charts the
number of the traps was first marked down, very accurately, with a
red dot for each; in this way an excellent view of their situation and
numbers was obtained. As these charts were too large and expensive
to be printed, we preferred, however, to draw the whole chart on a
smaller scale, and let the red colour quite cover an area corresponding
to that which, on the special charts, was filled up with the dots. By
this arrangement the general view is much facilitated, but the exact
number of the traps can be found now only in the list. The red spots
on the chart therefore show, not only the situation of the traps, but by
the size of the spots also the number of the traps. The red crosses mark
eel-trap fisheries outside Denmark.

Although we cannot suppose, to be sure, that the same number of eels
is fished in all eel-traps, and that exactly 10 times as many eels are caught
at a place where there are 1000 eel-traps, as at a place where there are only
100 traps, I think we may be so bold as to presume that the greatest number
of eels is caught at those places where, year after year, the greatest number
of traps has been, and is still, standing, and that the number of traps there-
Jore, on the whole, is directly proportional to the number af the migratory eels,
particularly when a longer series of years is taken into consideration.

When we look at the chart”) from this point of view, we must, no
doubt, be astonished that there are so few traps on the south coast of Møen,
Falster, Laaland, Langeland, and Ærø, as also on the northern coasts of Funen
and- Zealand. It is indeed only in the Sownd, in the Great and the Little
Belt, and on the eastern shores of Jutland, north of Hou, that the great fisheries
are found. If the eels did come in from the Baltic Sea, through our Belts,
in numbers which were immensely great compared to those which had
grown up in our seas, then we should have expected to find the great fisheries
along our southern shores, and along the headlands in the Belts, nearest
to the mid-fairway; but the chart shows no such thing. In accordance
with such a theory of an immense emigration from the Baltic Sea, experi-
ments have been made on a large scale, for instance at Albuen; but they
have not succeeded. The dashing of the waves against the southern shores,
it is true, is rather powerful, but not enough so, to prevent the fishery, if

+) By comparing the General Chart with the chart of our eel-fisheries in C. F.
Drechsel's "Oversigt over vore Saltvandsfiskerier, 1890”, p. 48, we find essential differences,
owing to the fact that several new great fisheries have grown up since then. See e. g.
the western part of the Limfjord and West-Laaland. On the main, of course, the charts
agree with one another, apart from the number of the traps, i. e. the size of the red spots.

IIg)

there are many eels; for if there can be some few traps, as in point of fact
there are, there might just as well be placed many, if they would only pay;
there is room enough. No, to be sure, such huge numbers of eels do not
come from the Baltic Sea, that our own stock is as nothing compared to
them — as it is often told in works on fishery. Nevertheless, there comes
a considerable quantity, but by far the greater part must be supposed to
go round Falsterbo, and falls to the shores of Scania and the distance Elsi-
nore—Nivaa, where one of our more important fisheries is situated.

If this be correct, it lies near to ask, where then the eels in our
other seas come from. The chart gives the answer. It is considered to
be generally known that the silver eels (the migratory eels) are only the
yellow ones (the seine-eels) in grown-up state and in breeding-dress, and
it may also be supposed, perhaps, to be a well known fact that a greater
or smaller number of silver eels every year emigrates from every lake or
bog in which eels are living, if the way out is not hbarred. Å great number
of silver eels,” consequently, comes from our fresh waters, but most of them,
certainly, are fished in the same fresh waters, by mills, by locks, in stream-
lets, etc., and only a small part of them reaches the salt water.

But also in our salt or brackish little waters a multitude of eels become
silver eels every autumn. An old fishery, based on this, is carried on in
Kulhusrenden at Lynæs, and down at Frederikssund. Nobody will assert,
that these silver eels come from the Baltic; at any rate, I dare say, nobody
who has seen the eels, will assert it, for they are so small that an eel of 1
lb. is a rarity among them, and the average size at Frederikssund is scarcely
1/,—1/, Ib. They are nearly all of them males, therefore the small size.
The place they come from, is the Roskildefjord where, likewise, the stock of
eels (the yellow ones), chiefly consists of males, and where all the eels are
very small. — Also in the Odensefjord there has of late years grown up a
silver eel fishery with some 150 traps, and in the western part of the Lim-
fjord there is now a great fishery (c. 1600) for eels that emigrate westwards
through the Tyborøn canal; 20 years ago there was not one eel-trap here.
In the eastern part of the Limfjord (from Løgstør eastwards) there has, on
the other hand, for many years been a silver eel fishery; the eels go east-
wards here, consequently to the Kattegat. The fishery in the Issefjord has
ce. 400 traps, that of the whole Limfjord c. 2600 traps, no small fisheries
then, though there is here certainly only the stock of the fjord.

When we thus see fisheries with c. 2600 traps based only on the growth
of our own eels in the Limfjord, the thought suggests itself that, for instance,

20

the great fisheries on the southwestern shores of Zealand (Holsteinborg and
Bisserup) with c. 3800 traps, may also be based on our own eels, viz. on
those which grow up in the large zostera-district (green on the chart) north
of Laaland-Falster. It is the largest zostera-district in Denmark, the El
Dorado of the seiners, and, in fact, the dwelling-place of a very large number
… of eels. Finally, I think, not a few eels are coming also this way from
Bøgestrømmen; the many traps on the south side of Knudshoved seem to
point to this fact. That the eels are not caught in traps down in the very
zostera-district at Laaland, will surprise nobody who knows about these
things. For the silver eels cannot be caught in great numbers till they have
run along the shore, and have been gathered together, as it were, in shoals,
which then by the current and the sea are driven in near land. The shores
at Knudshoved and Holsteinborg-Bisserup are just the first shores to which
the west wind drives these emigrating eels. The eels which are not caught
on these shores, go farther northwards, and give their contingent to Korsør
and the two peninsulas at the Kallundborgfjord. The chart shows us that
they meet only the south sides of these parts, never the north side. When
Refsnæs is passed, the eel has disappeared; where it goes is quite an unsolved
mystery.. On Sejrø, they say, no eel can be caught — but perhaps at Sjæl-
lands Odde? As far as I know they have not tried it here.

I have mentioned that the west wind drives the eels in to the eastern
points of the Great Belt; but an east wind, which is much rarer, can, when
it comeg, drive them the opposite way, i. e. to the northern part of Lange-
land. No doubt the eels which are caught here, come also in part from the
southern shore of Laaland and the Nakskovfjord, and the water down at
Nysted must deliver up its eels, I think, through the channels at Rødsand;
from this reason the rather considerable fishery at Albuen.

The conditions on the shores of Funen, can be explained in a similar
way. The large area of Zostera lies here between Langeland, Ærø, and
Taasinge. Also here the seining for yellow eels is flourishing. When the
eels emigrate from this place to the north, they go westward or eastward
round the Island of Funen, and are stranded on the first shores exposed to
the dashing of the waves, consequently, either on the eastern or western
shores of Funen, especially at Dyreborg, Horne-Land, and Helnæs. This is
just what the chart shows. South of Funen there is a remarkable local
migration, as the southern waters from Faaborg are running eastwards through
Svendborg Sund. All the traps, therefore, fish from the west in this sound;
at Faaborg, on the other hand, they are arranged to fish from both, sides,

21

as the eels at Faaborg are dashed straight against land by the waves, and
may go, now northwards, now southwards. Farther up in the Little Belt, on
the contrary, all traps fish from the south. Many eels of course migrate
from the fjords of Sleswick through the Little Belt; but at Sleswick there is
everywhere rather deep water, and from this reason there is not much
LZostera. The conditions there are somewhat similar to our own on the shores
of the Little Belt, particularly in the southern part of this sea. The yellow
eels, here, are large, and the result is that the silver eels are large too;
c. 20 generally go to make 16 Danish pounds (8 Kilo). In this respect they
differ very much from the eels in the Great Belt, which, on an average, are
much smaller. The different size of the eels in the two Belts indicates also,
decidedly, that we have here, on the main, to do with local conditions. If
there came from the Baltic a large collective migration of the eels, the size
would scarcely vary in this manner; but now the size of the silver eels fits
in pretty exactly with that of the yellow ones in our seas.

That the- silver eels at one place are, on an average, larger than at
another, depends, as I have formerly shown, on the respective sizes of the
two sexes. Male silver eels are always much smaller than female silver eels.
It is a fact that by far the greater number of the eels in the Little Belt are
now females; but south of Zealand (especially in Bøgestrømmen) the males
form the majority. This fact alone explains the above mentioned differences
in the size of the silver eels in the two Belts.

We might imagine that the eels, when they had passed the narrows of
the Little Belt, continued their migration northwards along the eastern shore
of Jutland. But they scarcely follow this farther than Vejlefjord. As the
chart shows, there comes here a considerable stop in the distribution of the
traps, and, moreover, the eels which are caught north of Hou and at the
southern peninsulas of Djursland, are not so large as the eels in the Little
Belt. The eels up here come from Horsensfjord rather, and the large area
of Zostera outside the same, as also from the other coves and fjords of Jut-
land. For here also a great number of eels are living, and here also the
seining is flourishing.

What we find of eel-trap fishery north of Grenaa is but of little interest,
and has no connection with our other seas. Ålong the whole northern shore
of Djursland there are no traps at all. At the mouths of Mariager and
Randers fjords, on the other hand, there is rather a considerable eel-fishery
in the autumn; but it is almost exclusively yellow eels which are caught, and
they are fished from the north, going into the fjords: they are, consequently,

22

going the opposite way. Something similar to this, is not unknown at other
places, certainly, but it does not directly concern the migration of the silver
eel. Not a few silver eels come out of the Limfjord, northward bound, but
on the shores of the Cattegat there are hut few traps. As far north as
Hou and in Asaa Rende there are a few, and likewise south of Frederiks-
"havn; but this fishery is altogether so insignificant that there is scarcely
any reason to doubt that the eels are quite local; it is certainly not the
migration of the eels from the Belts which is continued up here. Ås soon
as Sletterhage, Refsnæs, and Elsinore are passed, the large multitudes of
eels disappear.

While thus our eel-trap fisheries everywhere in Denmark must be
supposed chiefly to be based on eels that grow up in our own seas, it can-
not be denied that the conditions are somewhat different in the northern
part of the Sound. It is a fact that a great number of eels migrate south-
wards along the eastern shores of Sweden, and turn off to the north at
Skanør. (R. Lundberg: Special Catalogue. Sweden. International Fisheries
Exhibition. Bergen. 1898.) These eels then, in point of fact, migrate from
the Baltic to the Sound. Moreover, there is not in the Sound any larger
area of Zostera from which the whole number of eels could come; for the
shallows around the isles of Amager and Saltholm are partly too small,
partly not so very rich in eels.

I shall mention here, particularly, that this counting of eel-traps in
Denmark was commenced in the belief that it would show that by far the
greater part of the silver eels which are caught in our seas came from the
Baltic. Only little by little, and reluctantly, this view has been changed; for
it is not only contrary to the generally accepted opinions, but it seems also
immediately to lead to remarkable consequences. For, even if we accept
this view and, on the strength of it, pretty well can explain the Danish
conditions, it remains to explain how the eels in the whole of the immense
Baltic Sea with its afflux from the immense lakes in Russia, Finland, Sweden,
and Germany, can breed, when they cannot go into the sea through our
Belts. For they must into the sea to breed, of that there is no doubt, parti-
cularly after the latest Italian investigations.

The answer to this it that, if the whole of the Baltie Sea were as rich
in eels as the Danish waters, and had, consequently, as many times more
eels as it is larger than our waters, i. e. 20 or 30 times as many, then the
fisheries in the Sound must be much greater than they are. On the Danish
side of the Sound there are no more traps than in the Limfjord alone, and

23

although the fishery on the Swedish side, perhaps, is somewhat greater it is
not much. This does not point to such an overwhelming fishery in the
Sound, as we might have expected. — Add to this, that we know for cer-
tain that the Baltic Sea and its tributaries, on the whole, are not at all rich
in eels.. According to Lundberg the eel-trap fishery on the Swedish shores
is not carried on farther than a little north of Oland and quite sporadically
at Stockholm; farther northward the eel becomes rarer.

Lundberg (loc. cit.) gives much good information of the Swedish fishe-
ries, which are no doubt the greatest eel-fisheries im the Baltic. He has
further informed me by letter that, as far as it is known, there are
IS an I Os Ear re re eee 2,500 eel-traps ("Hammer”),

Ihr hansid dr bane SANNE 4,383. — (from 1883).

In the 2500, consequently, the whole of the Sound along the Swedish

shore and most of the southern shore of Scania are included.

Keb kinger ave AR SEE RE AR RE NS 6,803 eel-traps (from 1899).
In Øland (west and north side) are........….. 2444 —
On the shore of Calmar Lån as far as Eastern
Golaland dre Je RE BRENNER OR SERENE 15259 —
From Eastern Gotaland to Ark are......... 122 —=

Total... 18,491 eel-traps.
The produce was in 1899 in Malmohus Lån... 125,067 Kilogram 110,004 Kr.
— — — - 1899 in Blekinge........ 206,050 — 195,210 —

On this shore, which is longer than the distance from Gedser to Cape
Skagen, we do not find so many traps then, as we have in Denmark, and the
yield per trap seems to be about the same as that of the Danish traps.

In Finland, at many places, the eel is quite missing in rivers and
lakes. AÅ special eel-fishery is not found at all in Finland. Eels are caught
only accidentally, together with other fish.

In Russia the eel is by no means common. Dr. 0. Grimm, the In-
spector of Fisheries in Russia, in his book on the Russian fisheries, mentions
the eel among the useful fishes, but he gives no information at all about
its economical value, as he has done about that of the important fishes. On
the whole, they do not like the eel at all m Russia. Certainly, they do not
object to eating it, but they do not like to have it in the rivers, because it
destroys other fishes, which they value higher there. In all the rivers that
fall into the Åretic Ocean, into the Black Sea, and the Caspian Sea, the eel
is completely missing. The whole Danube-district in Europe has thus no
eels, unless they are transplanted into it, and most likely they will not breed

24

there. — From well-known people on the shores of the Baltic I have tried
to get information as to the numerousness of the eel at various places. At
St. Petersburg and in the Gulf of Finland it does not seem to be numerous;
in the Gulf of Riga it is found only on the shores of Osel. In the river
Dina scarcely any eels åre found; but they are found in a few fresh-water
lakes. In Esthonia there is "ein sehr grosser Aalfang” of 20—30,000 eels
a year, consequently a fishery only about the size of that in the inner part
of Koldingfjord, or the like. A very well-known export firm at Stettin informs
me that, according to its experience, eel-traps are not used either in the
Gulf of Riga or in the Gulf of Finland, and on the inner shores of the
German part of the Baltic Sea only at Danzic and the Isle of Ruigen. But it
is well-known that eel-trap fishery is carried on along the shores of Sleswick
and Holstein. At Bornholm eels are fished in traps, but the fishery is only
a matter of some hundred kroner. — In the open Baltic Sea the water is
too deep: the eel cannot thrive there. Thus it is only in the German Haffs,
at the Isle of Rigen, in Sleswick, and in Sweden that the eel occurs in
great numbers.

To judge from all these things, the Baltic is not by far so rich in eels,
as we might have expected. That this is. connected with the fact that it is
difficult for the tender fry to reach in so far, from out the sea, is evident.
While we can find every spring multitudes of the ascending small pellucid
young eels on our shores, they seem to decrease in number as they are
going into the Baltic, but at the same time to increase in size. I have thus
letters before me from the Intendant of Fisheries at Stockholm, and the
Inspector of Fisheries in Finland, informing me that the smallest eels they
have found in North Sweden and in Finland are, respectively, 25—40 ctm.
(91/,—15"/, Danish inches) and 35—36 ctm. (13—14 inches) long. In there,
as it seems, the tender fry ("elvers”) is missing; I suppose, because it must
migrate the long way from the salt sea.

Dr. Trybom has, in 1891, (Circular Nr. 1 des deutschen Fischerei-
Vereins p. 30) mentioned a find of eels, between 8 and 13 ctm. long, in the
northmost parts of the Baltic. But though I have mentioned this find as
particularly interesting, in Report I of the Danish Biological Station, 1890,
and shown that these eels must be supposed to be 1 year older than the
elvers on our shores, and though the whole eel-question since 1890 has been
eagerly discussed all over Europe, only few new finds of elvers from the
inner parts of the Baltic have been made public, as far as I know. Even
if the scientists had not found them, the boys would certainly have done so,

25

if the elvers were as common as they are with us; for the catching of elvers is
a common and favourite sport among the boys, when they move about near
our rivulets and brooks. Lilljeborg ("Sveriges och Norges Fiskar”) is also
of opinion that the elvers are not common in the inner Baltic Sea, though
he thinks the few finds prove that the eel breeds in there. From many
reasons I cannot at all agree with him in this.

We are not justified, after this, to expect any exceedingly great mul-
titudes of eels from the Baltic, much the less so as the eel, where it is
found, is eagerly pursued in every way in the densely populated countries
where it particularly occurs. All this together is the reason why our fishe-
ries in the Sound are not greater than they are, and why the stock of eels
in our Belts mainly comes from the Danish waters. It is evident, consequently,
that Denmark with regard to the eel-fishery is a very rich and very fortunately
situated country; — rich, because so many eels are living in our seas, and
fortunately situated, because the sandy shores and shallow waters give us a
good opportunity of catching the eels, partly in seines and partly, during their
migrations along the shores, in traps. It now rests to examine, whether the
chart can give us any information with respect to my second object, to learn
whether the eel-trap fishery is carried on at all the places, where we may
suppose that it can indeed be profitably carried on.

The first thing I shall say then, is, that the ways in which the eel-trap
fishery is carried on in the different parts, have proved to be so different,
both with respect to the construction of the various apparatus, and to the
manner in which they are placed in the water, that I cannot help thinking
the techmics of the fishery would be considerably advanced by an amalgama-
tion of the experiences of the various fishermen, at many places where the
eel-fishery is certainly carried on already, but where the fishermen are
scarcely up to date with respect to modern improvements. I shall not
decide whether this may be more easily done by letting the fishermen travel from
one place in the country to another, which would meet with great difficulties
as they must be at home so to speak at the exact hour to mind their traps,
or by arranging an exhibition on the shore, where then fishing-apparatus of
the various constructions were to be exhibited along the shore, in the water,
in the same way as it is generally done on the shores in the various parts
of the country. This might very well be arranged outside the fishing-
season. The technical development has progressed steadily for a long time,
particularly from the south to the north, but the movement has certainly not

yet reached its termination.

26

Finally, the chart seems to show, and it becomes still more evident
when we study the very fishing-grounds, that the mumber of traps is very
small at certain places, particularly where the fishery on longer lines of
coast belongs to one person, because only the very best grounds are used.
I am here thinking, for instance, of the south side of Asnæs, belonging to
the county of Lerchenborg, partly also of the shores of the county of We-
dellsborg. Also the shore south of Korsør seems to be proportionlaly poorly
supplied with traps. When we compare these shores to those of Faaborg,
Bisserup, and Reersø, with their great numbers of traps, whose stakes are
standing together so densely that they remind you of the trees in a forest, and
where nevertheless the fishery leaves a good profit to every man, we should
think that the fishery on the other shores- might be made to yield more than
they do. At Faaborg the grounds together with the right of fishing were sold
in former days by the county of Brahesminde, and it is now distributed on
many hands. At Reersø the fishery is also carried on by many people, both
peasants and fishermen. At Bisserup there are certainly long lines of coast
belonging to one man (Holsteinborg, Basnæs), but here the fishery is seem-
ingly carried on in a rational manner. —

As to the extension of the fislang-grounds, I shall here mention that,
in the course of these ten years, a large district, the whole of the western
Tamfjord west of Løgstør, has been discovered. Since the breaking through
of the Thyborøn Canal, the eel here goes westwards out of the fjord, and
c. 1600 traps are employed in this fishery.

Also the fishery in the Odensefjord has grown up of late years (c.
140 traps).

A fishery at Frederikshavn harbour has proved to pay well. It was
mainly discovered by the Biological Station while the latter was situated
here, but it seems to develop slowly.

Other fisheries, the history of which I do not know, have surely also
grown up in the various waters of late years, but I must consider it beyond
doubt that further fishing may be carried on with profit both north of
Funen, on the western shore of Æbelø, and on the west side of Sjællands
Odde; for though it is in the nature of things that the northern shores as
a rule are unfit for eel-trap fishery, because the eels go from the south to
the north in our seas, a glance at the chart will show that these two points
are so situated that western winds must drive the eels in on the shores
there. At Sejrø the eel-trap fishery is said to have been tried, but with no

good result.

27

It must certainly also be possible to develop the fishery at Samsø con-
siderably, particularly on the northern part of the western shores of the
island. There are here almost exclusively "Aalegaarde”; but rows of traps
outside the same will no doubt pay, where the depth of the water permits
the fishermen to place them. Å few traps have been placed here already,
but only very lately. Also on the west side of the peninsula of Æbeltoft
we might imagine it would pay better to employ "Aalestader”; we find here
now only the old-fashioned ""Aalegaarde”.

All these places are exposed to western winds, which are predominant
with us, and on the open shores the sea-wind is necessary for this fishery;
therefore such places as Aarhusbugt and the whole shore along Djursland,
are mentioned as secondary. There is no doubt however that, in good years
with eastern winds, many eels will be caught here; not a few, we know,
are caught already in ""Gaarde” along Djursland.

As above mentioned, the number of traps which are found along the
eastern shore of Jutland, from Randers Fjord northwards, is exceedingly
small, when the traps in the fjords are not included; and then the greater
part of the traps on the shores of the Kattegat fish yellow eels from the
north. It seems, consequently, as if the great migration of eels from our
Belts does not reach this shore. But, nevertheless, there are silver eels; and
yellow eels too are living in not quite small numbers on the shores of the
Cattegat, where, in certain years at any rate, Zostera is found on no small
areas (see the chart). Might it not be possible to carry on a greater eel-
trap fishery here, and might not, in years when eastern winds are predo-
minant, the eels from the Belts go through Læsø Channel, so that a good
eel-trap fishery might be carried on, both on the west side of the latter and
on the Læsø side? Well, who knows? Perhaps it has been tried already
without my knowledge. i should think, at any rate, that it would pay to
establish a smaller fishery, on the east side of Læsø, for the eels that live
in the Zostera south of this island.

Then there is Cape Skagen, this headland which we should think the
eels must pass close by, if they go as far as into the German Sea. In
former days they caught silver eels here, in seines, among the sand-banks.
Of this there is an account by Søren Abildgaard in his "Beskrivelse over
Kiøbstæden Skagen etc.”, printed in ""Oekonomiske Magasin”, p. 357, tome
V, 1761. He says that about Michaelmas time, they are fishing for eels,
with little eel-seines, along the shores of Cape Skagen. The outmost arm
is either drawn by a horse, on which a man is riding in the water, or it

28

is kept out from land by means of a pole, 32—34 feet long, while people
on land draw the seine along. Strange to say, this way of fishing seems
quite to have fallen into disuse nowadays; perhaps it ought to be tried again.
The fishing, of course, must be carried on in the moonless nights, with a
current from the south. It would, possibly, be very difficult to set the traps
on these shores, but I should think almost that it would pay.

Finally, there is the western shore of Jutland. Most likely it will be
almost impossible to make use of traps on the open shores; but some
attempts have proved that there is a migration of eels. It is said that the
eels run from the south to the north. The traps must be set in shelter of
the sand-banks, in very favourable places, and there are not many such.
Farther south, moreover, the tides impede this fishery on lower water. — In
Ringkjøbing Fjord there has of late years grown up a considerable fishery
which, according to the statement of Mr. I. Iversen, the Keeper of the Fish-
eries, has some 400—500 traps. — In Nissum Fjord, according to the
statistics, the whole of the eel-fishery in 1898 was valued at c. 600 Kroner.
It is thus without any greater importance.

It would seem strange to leave this matter, without mentioning the
pecuniary value of the eel-trap fishery in Denmark. But, indeed, I should
prefer not to enter upon this question, as it is not very accurately known
how much we fish. Fishery statistics is in itself a difficult subject, but this
question is the most difficult of all; for here there is most mysteriousness.
As the fish that are caught, are often not landed in Denmark at all, but are
sailed to Germany alive, the system of mysteriousness can be carried through
pretty well. Something, however, oozes out now and then, but whether it
be the naked truth, indeed, is not known. The official statistics, moreover, does
not state the income from this fishery separately; it is summed up together
with the eel-fishery with hooks and by spearing. Nevertheless, the average
value of these fisheries for the years since 1890, according to the statistics,
amounts to only c. 600,000 Kroner for the whole country, excepting the Lim-
Fjord and Ringkjøbing Fjord. As mentioned in the very statistics, this sum
is evidently too small. In the Limfjord, where the number of traps has
been constantly increasing during these years, the profit on the trap fishery
alone, in 1890, is stated to be 9,845 Kroner. But since then it has risen
pretty evenly to c. 100,000 Kroner, in 1898. For Ringkjøbing Fjord the
total profit on the whole eel-fishery has risen from 11,267 Kr., in 1895, to
more than 100,000 Kr., in 1900. Only a few years ago they have learnt
there to turn the rich eel-fishery to profit in the right way.

29

According to the statistics, then, we do not get more than at most
6—800,000 Kr. a year from the eel-trap fishery, which gives a yearly average
income on each trap, throughout the whole country, of c. 30 Kroner, a
sum which seems to me, however, neither improbably high nor improbably
low, and which perhaps is not so very far from the correct one. —

Résumé: In our Fjords the eel-trap fishery is based only on the eels
which have grown up there. In the Belis the fishery is based chiefly on
eels grown up in Danish and Sleswick-Holstein fjords and coves. T'he Sound,
on the other hand, gets its eels chiefly from the Baltic Sea. The Baltic,
however, is not by far so rich in eels, at is has generally been thought, and .
as we might suppose from its size. — In order to develop the Zechinics of
the eel-trap fishery, a co-operation between fishermen from various parts
would be desirable.

This fishery can, in Denmark, be carried on with greater energy than
it is now, and it will probably be possible to extend it to parts of the
country where, at present, it is not carried on at all.

Note to the annexed chart. The green colour on the chart shows, in rough outlines,
where the Zostera grows. In the Aalborgbugt the occurrence of Zostera is only slightly
indicated, as closer investigations from recent years do not exist. The distribution here,
as well as in several other places of the Cattegat, seems to vary not a little from one
year to another.

The red crosses on the shores outside Denmark indicate the situation of greater
eel-trap fisheries.

30

Smaller Communications. 1900.

On the Plaice in the Limfjord 1899 and 1900.

Owing to the importance attached to the transplantation of young plaice
into the Limfjord, it is of interest to know the numerousness of this fry
there, in the various years. Every time the Sallingsund has been in the
Limfjord, some hauls with plaice-seines have been made in Nissum Bred-
ning, in order to investigate this matter. Thus, on the 30. of June 1899,
a haul was made near the Tyborøn Canal in the fjord. About 2800 plaice,
between 7 and 10 inches in length, were caught in a plaice-seine, whose
arms were c. 25, fathoms long. A haul with a seine with small meshes
(1 square inch) showed that, besides the fry of the year, there were plaice
of two other years, those 1!/, year old and those of 2 years and a quarter.

July 1., 1899, we took with a plaice-seine in Kaas Bredning, in one
haul, c. 1200 plaice, 400 of which were over 10 inches in length; the lar-
gest was 13 inches.

In Vilsund we caught in one haul only 5 plaice, but 13 codfish.

In Thisted Bredning a haul was made which gave 36 plaice, only 8 of
which were under 10 inches. The largest was 13"/, inches. There were none
of the proper marks (2 holes) on these; but the fin-rays of several were
damaged, so that we could see they had sailed in a fishing-boat with a well,
and were transplanted fish.

April 25., 1900, and the following days, we made some hauls in Nissum
Bredning, partly to count how many plaice there could be taken in the various
places in this expansion of the fjord, partly to transplant some more plaice
than usual into Thisted Bredning, for the purpose of investigating whether

31

they would grow as quickly as they used to, even though the number in
this way was doubled. The Fishery Union of Thisted fetched the plaice
in little fishing-smacks.
This then was a sort of combination of scientific investigation and
practical development of the fishery at Thisted.
In the western part of Nissum Bredning
the 1. haul gave 1900 plaice.
— 2. — — 2700 —
— — 1900 —
— — 450. — (Took hold twice.)
— 2200 —
— — 800 —
— (full of Furcellaria.) ;

|
SUR SEOUL ME SGD
|

— 8. — gave 1900 plaice.
— 9. — — 1300 —
— 10. — — 2200 —
— 11. — — 2400 —
— 12. — — 1600 —

Farther into the Bredning, with Nørre Nissum Church in SW
1/1, S, and at a distance of 4//, miles, we took in the first haul 2100, in
the second 3300, in the third 2560. Our seines soon proved to be too wide
in the meshes to retain the smaller plaice. For there are here the fisk of
two years, those which are one year old and only 2—3!/, inches long, and
the next from c. 4—8 (9) inches. Only very few fish were more than 10
inches, yet so many that the fishermen could fish for them. The fish counted
in the above hauls, were chiefly fish over 4 inches. Those under one year
of age were not caught, because they went through the meshes of the large
seine which was used for the counting, and whose meshes were 3 inches
wide. After a short bag of net-work, with smaller meshegs, had been attached
to the farther end of the seine, the number of fish which were caught was
somewhat increased, so that the average number of plaice in 19 hauls with this
was 2140 per haul, chiefly fish 2 years old, and the few larger ones.

I calculate that the seine, on an average, fishes over an area of c. 4
Tønder Land”) with 300 fathoms of line. There must, consequently have
been at least 500 plaice on each Td. Land. Ås there are c. 19,000 Tdr.
Land in Nissum Bredning outside the 3-fathom curve, there must have

%) 1 Tønde Land (Danish measure) = c. 1'/,, acre.

32

been at least 9,500,000 fish, 2 years old; moreover the seine skips a con-
siderable number.

Ås there had been placed nearly 200,000 fish in Thisted Bredning this
year, i. e. about 16 per Tønde Land, I tried here to fish with the plaice-
seine, and made in all 4 hauls, with a catch of 25, 15, 64, 94. Of these 7
only were from the preceding year (they were large), and 2 were marked
with holes. We must therefore suppose them to have been transplanted
this year — with exception of the seven — in all 191; but 16 Tdr. Land
have been fished over in these four hauls, and they ought therefore to have
given 16.16 fish — 256, if the seine had taken them all. We see that c. ”/,
of this number is missing, which third part then, I presume, has been skipped
by the seine. Had the meshes in the seine been so much smaller, that the
fish about one year had been caught also, the number of plaice in Nissum
Bredning would have been counted, not at 97/, millions as now, but at
more than double that number.

In Kaas Bredning we made two hauls with a plaice-seine. Result:
715 and ce. 600 plaice.

East of Venø we took in one haul 369 plaice, consequently nearly 100
per Td. Land. Here then, is no need of transplantation, at any rate not
this year.

The next time the Sallingsund entered the Limfjord was in July 1900.
The plaice at 7/xusted had grown well, and the fishermen got 10 Kroner per
fourscore. But foreign fishermen had, early in the year, fished up a great
number of the transplanted fish, as soon as these reached 10 inches to the
tip of the caudal fin, a length which some of them have already at the
time of transplantation. Before we get a law up there, forbidding the
landing of plaice under, at least, 10 inches to the base of the caudal fin,
this transplantation will never give any greater profit.

In Kaas Bredning we now took 850 plaice in one haul, more, conse-
quently, than im the spring.

In Nissum Bredning, at the places where we caught c. 2000 in each
haul in the spring, we now got only 360, 520, 420. Scarcely any was over
10 inches. On the sand at Thyborøn we found the fry of the year, 1—2!/,
inches long. Here were, consequently, many fewer fish than in the spring,
and they were by no means larger. This was after a long period of easterly
gales, and it cannot, I think, serve as a standard with respect to the num-
ber. (See p. 29, June 1899).

July 30. and 31., 1900, we tried to fish east of Venø, but were much

33

impeded by a soft bottom filled up with vegetation. At length we found
a clean place, and there the seine immediately gave 820 plaice, many more,
consequently, than in the spring.

It seems, therefore, that there are every year immense quantities of fry
in Nissum Bredning, but that only part of this fry goes deeper into the
fjord. The remaining part stays during the summer in the Bredning, without
growing very much; or, as it has been proved hy labelling with bone buttons,
it emigrates again to the German Sea. Nissum Bredning is like a huge
pound-net, placed in the German Sea to fish for the fry of flatfish, and with
the same peculiarity as the old-fashioned pound-net: if it is not tended pretty
constantly, the fish go out of it again. The greatest trouble is taken to
gather the spawn of useful fishes in the fresh water; then to fertilize and
hatch it; then with great pains it is bred, and may now be sold to be
placed in suitable waters. This is all right. But when we have in one part
of the Limfjord a breeding-pond of more than 20,000 Tdr. Land, which an-
nually /ills itself with 1 and 2 years old fry, and in another part, at a
suitable distance from it, with excellent communication by water, several
square miles of large growing-ponds which are in need of fry, then it is
sad to see that these conditions, on account of legislative difficulties, cannot
be made useful to any extent worth mentioning; particularly as we do not
know how long the conditions will remain as they are. If the Thyborøn
Canal closes, then it is all over. With the present prices of plaice a well
arranged transplantation would give a very large annual income in the Limfjord.

On the Sharks in Danish Seas.

It has long been a well-known fact that the Picked Dogfish (Acanthias
vulgaris) at certain times of the year is exceedingly common on the western
shores of Jutland. H. Krøyer has thus seen 11,000 of them landed at Agger
in one day. On August 11., 1900, 700 hooks baited with worms and pieces
of plaice were set, with the assistance of S. S. Vestkysten (Captain Mortensen),
on 20 fathoms of water on the Jydske Rev, where the fishermen in February
1900, on the indication of Capt. Mortensen, had set hooks and caught
codfish and halibut up to 100 Ibs. a piece. The result, however, was now
that the hook-line, after the lapse of one hour, was torn asunder in two
places, so that we got only 200 hooks home, viz. those that were nearest
the buoys. On these 200 there were 1 haddock, 1 grey gurnard, but 15
picked dogfish and 1 taper (Galeus vulgaris) of 38 lbs. My fishermen had

»

34

no doubt that it was the large sharks that had torn the hook-line asunder.
There must have been a great number of sharks in this sea, and as a couple
of hauls with otter-seine gave only, of fish, a few, small common dabs, I
should suppose that nearly all other fishes had been driven away by them.
This seemed to be an old story to the fishermen on the western shores; they
even think that the shark extends its razzias as far as Nissum Bredning.
So much is certain, that many of the plaice which immigrate into this sea
in the spring, bear a mark in the shape of a horse-shoe, often bloody, as if
a shark or another large fish had gaped over it, but let it go again.

The dogfish extend their razzias as far down as the Great Belt. We
get them here on hooks, on deeper water, when we fish for cod. On the
29. April 1899, for instance, we set 300 hooks baited with herrings, on c.
17 fathoms of water, east of the bell-buoy on Lillegrunden (Fyens Hoved).
The catch was 51 picked dogfish, 4 common dabs, 1 long rough dab, 5 rays
(R. radiata), no codfish. The dogfish had codfish, whitings, sprats, and
eel-pouts in their stomachs, but also great numbers of comb-bearers (Pleuro-
brachia). The dogfish have often many comb-bearers (Pleurobrachia) in their
stomachs; but, of course, these are not their principal food.

A few dogfish were taken all the summer through, on deep water, in
the northern part of the Great Belt, and the 8. August, S. E. of Sprogø, on
25 fathoms of water, we took on 400 hooks 21 codfish, 2 whitings, 16
common dabs, 1 grey gurnard, 5 rays, 10 picked dogfish. The 30. August

15

we caught 6 dogfish as far down as Vengeance-Grunden, also on hooks. In
September a few were taken at Hjælmen. Ås late as the 10. October, 1899,
7 dogfish were caught on 400 hooks east of Sprogø.

The dogfish then stayed here the whole season of 1899, from April till
October, when the Sallingsund was laid up; and if we had particularly looked
for them, we could certainly have caught many. It was, however, particu-
larly codfish we were fishing for. —

In 1900 we also fished for codfish, partly at the same places as in
1899. On the 26. May we caught one picked dogfish east of Lillegrunden,
where last year we had taken 51. Not till 21. August we again took 3 at
Sprogø; but several of the codfish on the hooks had been bitten by dogfish,
even so that sometimes the head only was left. 30. August we took in a
plaice-seine with otters, east of Fyenshoved, 3 dogfish besides a number of
flatfish. On the 11. of September we set 600 hooks on the usual cod fishing-
ground, S. E. of Sprogø, and caught 49 picked dogfish, 69 codfish, 1 whiting,
11 common dabs, and 3 rays; now the sharks were common here also.

35

The water in the deep parts of the Great Belt was then completely
changed from the spring by the flowing in of new water; it had a tempera-
ture of c. 13%, and a salinity of c. 289%/,. Im the month of July (the 13th)
the temperature was only 7? at the bottom, but the salinity was 329/,. The
codfish seemed now to be scarcer out here. 13. September the hoats of
Nyborg fished here for the first time greater quantities of herrings, in drift-
nets. Many eider-ducks had come, and a few cormorants were seen at
Sprogø. 5. November we again fished in the same place, with 600 hooks,
but no dogfish were found. It is thus no uncommon thing to catch many
dogfish in the Great Belt; but it seems, as if their occurrence is rather
accidental, which presumably may be explained by the supposition that they
are, to a great extent, migratory fish which scour the seas in shoals.

On the Value of the Common Starfish as Manure.

It has often been discussed, particularly with respect to the Limfjord,
whether we should not try to destroy the starfish (Åsterias rubens), because
they are noxious animals. They live to a great extent on the same little
white and red bivalves as the plaice, and waste, consequently, part of the
produce of plaice-flesh in the fjord. The starfish are so exceedingly nu-
merous up here that the question is of great importance for the economy of
the fjord, and they breed freely. Many tons of them, certainly, are caught
every year, particularly in seines and nets, but the fishermen throw them
out again, as soon as possible, generally in a state of full vitality. If the
starfish that are fished, were killed onboard, or carried to land, something
would be gained already. As I supposed they might possibly be of value
as manure, a quantity of them were sent to Professor VW. Stein's laboratory
to be analysed. He writes: "In the condition in which the starfish were
when I received them, they contained:

NEDE ED Eee ERE EA TET SEN OSSE 58,91 p. c.
Orsanrersubstances Er SDN ESS JE 23,38. —
Free tape.
Inorganic corresponding to: Dry sub-
substances!i|Garbonate Of me ere are rr iorsse= MES NER
Ass olvæpTeR | IROLas IKE TO) SÆRT SEER ERE SEN S Fante 0,55 —
ER Eb os ph ore aar de (By O3) NED. SEE 0,55 — | f1,09 p.c.
Other dissolvable substances............. 265 —
Inorganic substances insoluble in acid.... 033 —
100,00 p. c.

=) Herein nitrogen 2,,, p. c.

36

Calculated according to the ordinary prices of the valuable substances,
the starfish, in the condition in which they were when analysed, may be esti-
mated at a value of 150 Øre per 100 Ibs. As they contain so much water,
they are not fit to be carried very far, but on the spot they may very well
be used for the preparation of compost”.

I shall not here express any opinion as to the question, whether it
will pay, directly, to land the starfish, only for the purpose of using them
as manure; but even if the fishermen get nothing whatever for their trouble,
it will certainly pay in the long run, to do something to destroy these
animals, particularly in the Limfjord where they are so numerous.

On the Breeding-grounds of the Herring.

There is no doubt that the herring breeds at many places in our seas,
and for many years attention has been paid to finding at least the more
frequented of these places. Their spawn, certainly, is often seen on the
pound-nets, but it may have come there in an unusual way, by the herrings
having been chased about the net and having dropped their spawn. From
this we can conclude only that the herring would probably have bred at a
not very great distance from the net; but that is of little consequence.

Spawn of herrings, attached to the bottom or to the vegetation of the
bottom, I have found in the following places: To a slight extent already in
the spring of 1890 in the Issefjord, north of Ourø; in several different years
at Refsnæs-Revet.. Here, sometimes, there was much spawn, for instance 8.
June 1899; it was particularly frequent on 4—5 fathoms; it went down to
7, but not to 10 fathoms; it was attached to algæ. 25. May 1900, we also
found the spawn of herrings here. In May 1899 the spawn of herrings was
found at Knudshoved (Nyborg), at some places on 5—9 fathoms of water,
mostly where there was vegetation; so also at Sprogø on Laminariæ, and
28. May 1900 at Vresen. The 2. and 3. of May 1900 N and NE of Nørre
Nissum Church in Nissum Bredning, in the Limfjord, we took in a plaice-
seine, in several hauls, a quantity of furcellaria and dead zostera. The former
was covered with the spawn of herrings. Here must be a large breeding-
place, though they seldom, if ever, fish for plaice here. At Stege on the
Isle of Møen, April 3.—4., 1894, the tank on board the Biological Station was
found to be filled with quite tender fry of herrings, and the fishermen in-
formed us that the herrings had been breeding a fortnight ago, in March
consequently, in the neighbouring pound-nets. We must then be near a

breeding-place here.

37

All the here mentioned breeding-grounds, found by us, evidently be-
longed to the race of herrings called spring-herrings, of which Heincke states
that it breeds from March till June. He writes about this race im "Die
Fische der Ostsee. IV Bericht d. Comm. z. wiss. Unters. d. deut. Meere. p.
137”, that it "geht aber zum Laichen stets in brachische Buchten (Schlei,
Dassower Binnensee) oder in Åusweitungen der Flussmiindingen (Schwentine).”
This is correct perhaps with respect to the Baltic Sea, but not with respect
to the Great Belt and the Limfjord. In the latter, in Nissum Bredning, the
water generally contains more than 3 p. c. salt, and can in no way therefore
be called brackish; and the Great Belt is neither a bay nor the mouth of
a river.

Once only have I found the spawn of awutumn-herrings deposited on
the bottom, viz. the 4th of August 1898, at Vresen (Nyborg), on algæ and
zostera, between 4 and 8 fathoms of water, at the very same spot then
where also the spring-herring breeds.

To get a survey of the breeding-grounds of the herring in Denmark,
we must find many more of them. Perhaps they will come by and by of
their own accord. Contrary to the pelagic (floating) eggs, these are far more
difficult to point out. It is rather lucky finds and accidental circumstances
that lead to the discovery of the breeding-grounds.

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