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' "^"^ «V^^^^' ".'^' ^""J^^ -» '".^^a \'^"^^ \ oVi "'■ -^o 1 - -^ , ■: "«^" - .^t" \ ^ ■1 a 'r^ZA - , ^^.. • -<,'».• / ^-^-^ v^^ V J^c^.^--^^^^ v:-^-:-'.-v- "or oC0Vo«''( '/Cfbtr^tt-' ^^^ok. .^1y^i;o " o » >» " ,. % ^■^^^r^^^ » COT.^ -.^^^„ -^•^ ;^.;'^ ^^sfe-v.: /. f/, '** W,r>- o 0 " ' o' W(»"o V^ ' 0 «. 0 " o° '^'i!^!?l"> ^^^^> ^..V- "^. ^t^f f) " O "f ^ v» » « „ ^* ■'^^*«v^^„. • .tV ^mmmmmt»>miiatta»m MICROFILMED 1998 Penn State University Libraries University Park, PA 16802-1805 USAIN STATE AND LOCAL LITERATURE PRESERVATION PROJECT: PENNSYLVANIA Pattee Library Funded by the NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES Reproductions may not be made without permission from The Pennsylvania State University Libraries COPYRIGHT STATEMENT The copyright law of the United States - Title 17, United States Code - concerns the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. 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Master Negative mber CONTENTS OF REEL 240 1) Pennsylvania Dept. of Fisheries Report of the Department of Fisheries of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1915/1916 MNS# PSt SNPaAg240.1 2) Pennsylvania Dept. of Fisheries Report of the Department of Fisheries of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1 91 6/1 91 7 MNS# PSt SNPaAg240.2 3) Pennsylvania Board of Fish Commissioners Biennial report for the period ending 1922/1924 MNS# PSt SNPaAg240.3 CONTENTS OF REEL 240 (CONTINUED) 4) Pennsylvania Board of Fish Commissioners Biennial report for the period ending 1924/1926 MNS# PSt SNPaAg240.4 5) Pennsylvania Board of Fish Commissioners Biennial report for the period ending 1926/1928 MNS# PSt SNPaAg240.5 6) Pennsylvania Board of Fish Commissioners Biennial report for the period ending 1928/1930 MNS# PSt SNPaAg240.6 CONTENTS OF REEL 240 (CONTINUED) 7) Pennsylvania Board of Fish Commissioners Biennial report for the period ending 1930/1932 MNS# PSt SNPaAg240.7 8) Pennsylvania Board of Fish Commissioners Biennial report for the period ending 1932/1938 MNS# PSt SNPaAg240.8 9) Pennsylvania Board of Fish Commissioners Biennial report for the period ending 1938/1940 l\/INS# PSt SNPaAg240.9 CONTENTS OF REEL 240 (CONTINUED) 10) Pennsylvania Fish Commission Combined biennial report for the period ending 1942/1946 IVINS# PSt SNPaAg240.10 Author: Pennsylvania Dept. of Fisheries Title: Report of the Department of Fisheries of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Place of Publication: Harrisburg Copyright Date: 1915/1916 Master Negative Storage Number: IVINS# PSt SNPaAg240.1 <1918811>*Fomn:serial2 lnput:BAP Edit:FMD 008 ENT: 960418 TYP: d DT1: 1904 DT2: 1917 PRE: a LAN: eng 010 sn 86035214 037 PSt SNPaAg238.4-240.2 $bPreservation Office, The Pennsylvania State University, Pattee Library, University Park, PA 16802-1805 086 PY F532.1 $2padocs 090 09 SH1 1 $b.P47 $l+(date) $cax $s+U1903/04-U1916/17 090 20 Microfilm D344 reel 238.4-240.2 $l+(date) $cmc+(service copy, print master, archival master) $s+U1903/04-U1916/17 110 1 Pennsylvania. $bDept. of Fisheries. 245 1 0 Report of the Department of Fisheries of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 246 1 $iVol. for 1907/08-1916/17 have title: Report of the Department of Fisheries of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 260 [Harrisburg $bThe Dept.] $bWM. Stanley Ray, state printer of Pennsylvania $c1905-1918. 300 V. $bill. $c23-25 cm. 310 Annual 362 0 1903/04-1916/17. 51 5 Suspended Nov. 30, 1 91 7-May 31,1 922. 51 5 Vol. for 1 903-04 covers the period from June 1 , 1 903 to Nov. 30, 1 904; report year ends Nov. 30. 533 Microfilm $m1 903/04-1 91 6/1 7 $bUniversity Park, Pa. : $cPennsylvania State University $d1998 $e3 microfilm reels ; 35 mm. $f(USAIN state and local literature preservation project. Pennsylvania) $f(Pennsylvania agricultural literature on microfilm) 590 Archival master stored at National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD : print master stored at remote facility 590 This item is temporarily out of the library during the filming process. If you wish to be notified when it retums, please fill out a Personal Reserve slip. The slips are available in the Rare Books Room, in the Microforms Room, and at the Circulation Desk 650 0 Fisheries $zPennsylvania $xPeriodicals. 650 0 Fish-culture $zPennsylvania $xPeriodicals. 780 80 Pennsylvania. Board of Fish Commissioners. $tReport of the Fish Commissioners of the State of Pennsylvania for the year ... 785 80 Pennsylvania. Board of Fish Commissioners. $tBiennial report for the period ending ... 830 0 USAIN state and local literature presen/ation project $pPennsylvania 830 0 Pennsylvania agricultural literature on microfilm Microfilmed By: Challenge Industries 402 E. State St P.O. Box 599 Ithaca NY 14851-0599 phone (607)272-8990 fax (607)277-7865 www.lightlink.com/challind/micro1.htm ^^■^■UMwMIUh IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (QA-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 1 5.0 ISA 17.1 12.8 3.6 14.0 1.4 2^ 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 150mm .// APPUBU^ IN/MGE . Inc .^as 1653 East Main Street ^^=v: Rochester, NY 14609 USA .='.^ Phone: 716/482-0300 -=^-3= Fax: 716/288-5989 © 1M3, Applied Image, Inc.. All Rights Reserved ,,,,,^..,...T.TH OF PENlisVtV^A • • > I '. : '. 1 « • • Report of the Department of Fisheries From December 1, 1915, to November 30, 1916 WM. STANr HARIUSBUKG, P^.: .NI.KV HAY, STATE PIUNTEB. 1917 t • « • t t < « « ( • « « « OFFICIAL DOCUMENT. No. 21, COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. %q.^ I o (3 NATHAN R. BULLER, COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. ROBERT R. FEATENBY, CHIEF CLERK. BOARD OF FISHERY COMMISSIONERS. N. R. BULLER, I'resident. JOHN HAMBERGER, Erie. W. A. LEISENRING, Mauch Cluink. JOHN C. OGDEN, Johnstown. CHARLES H. THOMPSON, Philadelphia. ROBERT R. FEATENBY, Secretary. ^S q«>^ SUPERINTENDENTS OF HATCHERIES. CORRY HATCHERY, No. 1, A. G. Bnller, Corry, Erie County. ERIE HATCHERY, No. 2, Phil H. Hartman, Erie, Erie County. BELLEFONTE HATCHERY, No. 3, W. F. Haas, Bellefonte, Centre County. WAYNE COUNTY HATCHERY^ No. 4, G. W. Buller, Pleasant Mount, Wayne County. TORRESDALE HATCHERY, No. 5, J. R. Berkhous, Holmesburg, Philadelphia. ERIE AUXILIARY, No. 6, C. R. Buller, Union City, Erie County. OFFICIAL DOCUMENT. No. 21 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Honorable Martin G. Brumbaugh, Governor of Pennsylvania : Sir :— Herewith we have the honor to transmit to you the report of the operations of the Department of Fisheries for the year ending \ovember 30, 191G. Respectfully, — - (Signed) N. R. BULLER, Commissioner. JOHN BAMBERGER, W. A. LEISENRING, JOHN C. OGDEN, CHARLES H. THOMPSON « (2) (3) OFFICIAL DOCUMENT No. 21. REPORT OF THE BOARD OF FISHERI COMMISSION U) Honorable Martin G. Brumbaugh, Governor of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Penna. gir:_We have the honor to submit the report of the operations of the Department of Fisheries of Pennsylvania for the year ending November 30, 1916. During the past few years it has been the policy of the Board to replace the old wooden structures at the various hatcheries with buildings of permanent character and to reconstruct the breeding ponds. This policy has been carried out during the present year with the result that Pennsjdvania may boast of her fine fish hatching establishments. With the exception of Union City, which is an auxiliary to the Erie hatchery, new hatching houses have been erected and breeding ponds built. No improvements were made at Union City on account of the lack of control of the water supply. The Board does not think it good business policy to expend money at this station until conditions are remedied. Most of the new work was done at the Wayne County hatchery, located at Pleasant Mount, as the other hatcheries have been rebuilt qnd in most instances are practically completed. The new hatchinsr house at Pleasant Mount was ready for occupancy in November when the water was turned in and the first trout eggs placed in the hatch- ery. Much difficulty was experienced in the buildinsr of this hatchery, owing to the scarcity of labor and other conditions over which this Board has no control. The hatchery, however, as accepted, is satis- factory in every detail and in use by the Department. New rearing ponds"^have been built and about ten acres are under water for the rearing of bass. Many improvements must be made at this station before it is completed, but with the appropriations available for construction work the work is progressing very satisfactory. Tt is hoped that larger appropriations will be made to carry on this work to a successful conclusion. The improvements, in detail, will be found in the report of the superintendent of the hatchery. (5) 6 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. The aquariums on the second floor of the Erie hatchery were finished during the year and the native fishes of Pennsylvania placed in them which makes a very attractive display and adds to the inter- est taken in the hatchery by the residents in that section of the State. School children especially, with their teachers, visit the hatchery daily and receive much valuable first-hand information and instruc- tion. The liatcheiy grounds have been put in first class condition and conforms with tlie grounds of the Water Works. The site at Erie is unequaled by any in the United States. There has been no additional work done at the Torresdale or Belle- lonte hatcheries since last reported, except that a few concrete ponds have been repaired and about two acres of land added to the grounds at Torresdale which was reclaimed by the City of Philadelphia in making extensions to its filter ydant. The reclaimed land is along the river front and means much to the Department. Further additions will be made at these batcheries as soon as appropriations are avail- able. The Corry hatchery is practically completed. Bass ponds will be built for the propagation of bass as soon as appropriations are avail- able and plans drawn. One of the biggest and most serious problems facing the Depart- ment is the pollution of tlie streams of the State. This question is becoming mnre sei ions each year and must be met squarely and ways and means found to prevent this running of waste material into the streams. There are many streams which may be saved if ways and means are found to meet the situation, thus saving good trout streams for future generations. There are streams which can liot be cleaned up as tliey are beyond that stage. The Department of the Attorney General has given much valuable advice on thi» .«5nbject and assisted in l)rinij:ing about many good results. The Board has been guided entirely by the advice received from the Attorney GeneraTs Department. It is hoped that some way may be found to lemedv this condition. Another big question before the Board is the fishway question. Bfuch thought has been given this question by the Board and it hoped that some plan might be found which would allow the shad to ascend the Susquehanna river above the dam at McCalls Fe^^3^ Many plans have been submitted but none seem to be practical for the conditions to be met at McCalls Ferry. Tbis matter was taken up with every State in the Union and the United States Fishery authorities at Washington and it is the concensus of opinion of all that no practi- cal fishway is known today which is i)ractical for use at McCalls Ferry dam. However, the Board will continue to study this question and hopes some way may be found to get tlie shad over the dam. About S40,000.00 has been ex|)ended by the Pennsylvania Water & Power Company in constructing i]w ("ail fishway on the Lancaster countv side and the ininroved fislnvav on the York countv side of the river. The company lias been directed to make further improve- ments this spring. Under the method of distribution inaugurated in 1911, all fish, except the commerical fish, are distributed when one year old, varying in length from 3 to 7 inches. This metliod met with instant approval by the sportsmen and people in general and has shown that this is No. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. the proper way to distribute the fish. When placed in the stream at this age and size they are better able to deiend themselves from tlieir enemies than when planted in the fry or tingerling stage. Many commendatorv letters have been received by the Department from recipients of fish, thus proving that it meets with universal approval. Every effort is made to have the fish reach the applicants m the best of condition and if the fish do not arrive in proper condition, and it is the fault of an employe of the Department, the shipment is dup- licated. It might be well to state that not 1 per cent are reported as being in bad condition. This speaks well for the messengers m charge of the fish, who accompany them to their destination. Under the law establishing the Department of Fisheries; four Commissioners are appointed who act with the Commissioner of Fisheries, who receive a stated salary. Certain duties are prescribed in the law for the Commissioners, who serve without salary, but are allowed reasonable expenses for travel. Unfortunately the ap- propriation made for the expenses of the Board is not large enough to allow the Commissioners to meet as often as necessary, and hence the performance of their duties is hampered, and consequently some things that should be done are left undone. The Board sights that larger appropriations for these expenses be allowed. The distribution of fish for the year is very satisfactory and may be found in another part of this report. Very respectfi^^, N. R. BULLER, President. JOHN HAMBERGER, W.^. LEISENRING, miiy C. OGDEN, C. H. THOMPSON. OFFICIAL DOCUMENT. No. 21. REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES m Honorable Martin G. Brumbaugh, Governor of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Peuna. Sir :— I have the honor to submit my report covering the operations of the Department of Fisheries for the year ending November 30, 1916. The year just ended has been a very successful one from every standpoint. The work of the Department has been carried on in an efficient and business like manner and much good has resulted there- from. Ever since my incumbency as Commissioner of Fisheries it has been my desire and aim to place the Department on a firm founda- tion, performing my duties to the best of my ability and to give to the people of the Commonwealth an efficient administration. The work of replacing the old wooden structures at the various hatcheries with permanent and substantial buildings has been carried on during the year. Most of the new work has been centered at the Wayne Conn tv"^ hatchery, located at Pleasant Mount, during the past year. The plants at Erie, Corry, Bellefonte and Torresdale are now equipped with modern hatchery ijuildings, modern equipment, etc. No new work was attempted at the Erie Auxiliary hatchery, located at Union City, for the reason that the water supply is not controlled by the Department and at certain times the supply is inadequate to carry on the work properly. Until this condition is remedied no permanent work will be done at this hatchery. The new hatching building at Pleasant Mount is now finished, after much delay due to the inability of the contractor to get the necessary labor and other annoying conditions, and is one of the finest plants in the State. This hatchery will be used for the propa- gation of trout and bass and will also be the training school of the Department. Employes will be sent to this station from the other hatcheries, when they can be spared, and will be given instructions in the different branches of the Department. This hatchery is located in one of the greatest lake sections of the State, there being about TOO lakes in close proximity which may be visited by the employes and from which the Department secures its supply of eggs and carries on its field operations. There are about ten acres under water at Pleasant Mount which will be used for the rearing of bass. It is expected that from this hatchery the northe«astern part of the State will be taken care of and a supply equal to the demand produced. The construction work at this hatchery has, of course, interfered with the propagation work, it being impossible to reconstruct a hatcliery and propagate fish at the same time. Under the conditions the distribution from this hatchery is very satisfactory. m 10 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. The pollution work has been carried on as rapidly as possible dur- ing the year with the small number of wardens available, ten in number, which may be employed with the appropriations available I have, at all times, been guided entirely by the advice received from the Department of the Attorney General in this matter and, I believe, this work is being carried on in a very satisfactory manner when the magnitude of tlie question is considered. I must here give the wardens due credit for the efficient manner in which they have handled this question. They have proved themselves worthy of every confidence and have, at all times, responded at every call willingly. The hatcheries are manned by tried and experienced fish culturists, who are rendering the Commonweatlh efficient service. The hours ot the hatcheries are long and trying, the employes being exposed to all kinds of weather. The distribution of the various species of native fishes is very en- couraging and only shows what may be expected when the hatcheries are placed in working condition. With the exception of the commer- cial fishes, all the fish now distributed by the Department are one year old, varying in size from three to seven inches. This method of planting has proved to give the best satisfaction and many letters endorsing this plan are received by the Department, which is very encouraging. Following is the distribution for the year: Bass, Yearling (small mouth), .•..,,,«» Bass, Yearling (large mouth) , .,....,...,.♦». Bass, Adult (small mouth), .tij**^,,, .,,, Bass, Adult (large mouth), .......•,,.....»*.,,,.»,. Bass (Calico), Blue Pike, Fry, Blue Pike, Eyed Eggs, Catfish, Yearling, Catfish, Adult, . Catfish, Fry, Crappie, Adult, . Crawfish, Eels, . . . Frogs, . Gold Fish, Yearling, Gold Fish, Adult, . . Herring, Green Eggs, 81,103,000 Herring, Eyed Eggs, 19,028,000 Herring, Frey, 135,932,000 Minnows, 4,145,100 Muscallonge, Fry, 249,800 Muscallonge, Adult, 12 Pike Perch, Fry, 19,168,000 4 • a « ..... • •«••« # • # V • • •••••• . . . • • # • • • # . . . . • ••••##« •••••• •••••»•»«» • •♦•»# • ••T»«*#««» # * • • • ft . . • • • • • . • . • • • . • • • • # » • ••••••••# • •••••••♦*•«■•» #«•#•• • ■ • • • • • ■ • ••••••••##»# • •••••• 13,340 1,410 200 507 118,374,000 7,000,000 60,600 8,461 75,000 750 45 25 2,009 3,855 6 Shad, Fry, Bturgeon, Adult, Sunfish, Bluegill, Yearling, Sunfish, Bluegill, Adult, . . Sunfish, Lake Erie, Adult, Suckers, Adult, 5,590,000 6 223,700 2,017 1,560 4 j^o. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. U ^ ^ , 64,300 Tadpoles, ' g Terrapin, i j.(^ 1 8fi Trout, Brook, Advanced Fry, otwill Trout, Brook, Yearling, ' tplii Trout, Brook, 2 year old, %QQ Trout, Brook, Adult, i qaa nnn Trout, Brook, Eyed Eggs, 'on 000 Trout, Brown, Advanced Fry, oqV no Trout, Brown, Yearling, 12 Trout, Brown, 2 year old, ^^^ Trout, Brown, Adult, qiq 900 Trout, Brown, Eyed Eggs, 48 000 Trout, Lake, Fingerlings, • • • ^^'^^^ Trout, Lake, Yearling, • • • ••• ir=i9'ooo White Fish, Green Eggs, ....•• on 079 ooo White Fish, Eyed Eggs, 91 1 79 ooo White Fish, Fry, 198120000 Yellow Perch, Fry, ••• "^^^'^^"'"nQ Yellow Perch, Yearling, •• ^^ Yellow Perch, Adult, ^"^^^^"^ Total. 687,257,950 12 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. FINANCIAL STATEMENT. The following is a statemeut of the receipts and expenditures of the Department of Fisheries for tlie year from December 1, 1915 to November 30, 1916: ^ ' Hatcheries Wardens Contingent ' Commissioners expf«nses. .!!......]... Counsel fees and court expenses Operating tug "Commodore Perry," Operating cruiser "Anna," ,....»... Buildings, ponds, extensions, etc ....,,,,.1/ Field work Fish ways, , Dredging on Presque Isle ww,w™^w' m li $47,622 24 17,267 29 1,000 00 2,224 58 4:50 00 5.512 82 967 13 17,916 29 9,557 73 996 m 29 30 "2 . H u^ 1^ Ob 1 1 si OS V 0) •3Q H n m 16 19 $47,622 24 17,267 29 894 05 2,224 58 430 00 5,512 82 967 13 37.916 29 9.557 73 996 30 29 30 cam O 14 Z fl ► es o $112 The following moneys were paid to the State Treasurer during the year, being derived from the following sources : Commercial Hatchery Licenses, J150 OO Fines for violation of the fish laws, WWW 3 505 90 Seine Licenses, ' 43 rj^ Tidewater Seine Licenses, 20 00 Lake Erie Licenses, ' 2 177 00 Confiscated property sold, '541 25 Carp Permits, !..!!! 79 74 ^^tal^ • f 6,517 49 No. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. 18 ITEMIZED EXPENSES OF HATCHERIES. The following table shows the itemized expenses of each hatchery for the year ending November 30, 1916: Hatchery. 1 ,3 • 02 Labor. a s OS Food. 5 g fl Belief onte Corry, Erie, Brie Auxiliary, Torresdale, Wayne, X Ota 18, •••.•«•*••«•«« Insurance, .••••.. (rrand total, •••••••• $3,885 00 ^5,135 00 3,295 00 2,425 00 3,475 00 2,811 94 $21,026 94 $204 38 2S9 66 195 60 121 70 581 80 1,038 60 $2,431 74 $1,703 73 2.406 12 81:' 89 1,750 65 641 54 72S 14 $720 67 935 01 342 72 463 03 389 35 1,012 81 $3,863 59 $1.240 03 1,692 26 309 80 5 30 439 04 624 00 $918 13 626 79 477 36 252 65 992 44 971 28 1 $8,064 07 $4,310 43 $4,238 65 ••••«••«•* 1 5 o $8,671 94 11.084 84 5,434 37 5,028 33 6.519 17 7,196 77 $43,935 42 52 40 $43,987 82 SHAD SEINE LICENSES. Twenty-eight licenses were issued by county treasurers during the year and the licensees reported to the Department a take of 6,436 shad, valued at f2,638.33. Other food fish reported as taken were valued at $1,166.05, making a total value of all fish caught |3,804.88. The following table does not show the real catch of shad as a great many were taken by the use of dip nets and the actual catch could not be ascertained: Shad. Suckers. Carp. 1" a ■ % i fl • S \ i s m 0 m 0 m S5 > £ > P4 > Bucks, 1,309 3,m 1,536 6,436 $865 44 ""9f.i"96 7S0 94 12.750 $1.142 60 i22 $17 00 Chester, Lancaster York 6 66 Total V-iMi 33 12.760 $1,142 60 398 $23 SS u REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. PERMITS. Under the piovisious of the Act of May 1, 1909, P. L. 353, the De- partment is authorized to issue permits' for the purpose of taking fish for scientilic purposes, use of explosives, transferring of fish to other suitable waters, etc. During the year the Department issued sixty-one (01 j permits inchidiiig seven (7) which were issued to the superintendents of tlie various hatcheries authorizing them or their employes to take fish at any time of the year for the use of the Department. l*ermiis issued lor the use of explosives were generally for the blasting of rocks to make a cliannel in the rivers, or for the purpose of raising the body of a drowned person. The issuing of permits authorizing the transferring of fish to other suitable waters IS the means of saving a large number of fish which would otherwise be allowed to remain high and dry if it were ^ot for the interest laken by the sportsmen in getting tliem back to their natural habitat. MucJi of this work is done by the Department's own men. The following table shows what the various permits were issued for : Transferring fish to suitable waters, if To use explosives, ,.. ^g 10 take fish or specimens of acquatic life for scientific purposes. 10 To close fish way on account of low watery .V.;;. 4 iTr'AT^' 1 10 take iish for spawning purposes, .... 3 To remove suckers, '^'^'^y^'^'^V^V. I Total, ^^^^ ^^ 54 Some of the reports made to tlie Department bv holders of the periuite loUowi " FOREST LAKE CLUB. Mast Hope. Pike Co., Pa. Hawley, Pa., Feb. 1, 1917. Mr, J. D. Weston, President Forest Lake Club: T F^^^ .®IJ;*~'''^'^ following is a report of Pickerel taken from the Lakes of Forest Lake Club, during the month of January, 1917 bv Special Permit hereto attached: ^ ^ Wolf Lake, 309 Pickerel Corrilla Lake, 252 Pickerel Forest Lake, 121 Pickerel Total, "^ No. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. 15 Total number of Pickerel taken from Lakes between December 21st, 1916 and January 31st, 1917, as follows: Wolf Lake ^"" Corrilla Lake, 252 Forest Lake ^^^ Total l^^^S ^'ours truly, .Signed) A. L. BISHOP, Superintendent. NORTH MOUNTAIN CLUB. Fairaftonnt Sprim^ Luzerne Co., Pa., im* 1, i9if • Mr. N. R. Bnller, Commissioner of Fisheries. Harrisburg, Penna. Bear Sir: In accordance with permit to transfer trout from Lake T^igh to below the concrete dam in Kitchen Creek, I return the permit. Kov. 25. 1916. 32 Trout 8 to 14 inches, Transfprrod to Kitolien J^reek. Kov. 30 1916 22 Trout 8 to 14 indies, Transferr.-.l to Kite hon Creek, liop 2 1916 ?A Trout 8 to 14 inches, Tran<^forie4 to Kit«Mion Creek, fjec! &, 1916*, 70 Trout 8 to 14 inches, Transferrely of eggs is limitless and therefore the nuniber of eggs that can be gathered by field work is only limited by the number of men that can be employed to do the work. Catfish lay their eggs in holes where they can be readily gathered by the field men, and where in too many cases, if left to Nature's work, the eggs are smothered by mud or devoured by snakes and other predaceous creatures. The expoiimrnt at Torresdale, which is reported by the Sui^erintendent, shows that in the case of catfish, as in the case of yellow perch, the number of eggs that can be gathered is limited only by the number of men that can be put to work to gather them. On Lake Erie the field work means the gathering of hundreds of millions of eggs that otherwise would be entirely lost. The commer- u REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. cial fishermen on the Lake are always ready to co-operate with the Department of Fisheries in gathering these eggs as they fully appre- ciate the benefits to be derived. The eggs taken from the fish of the commercial fishermen would all be wasted if it were not for the work of the Department. The eggs are taken from the ripe fish and sent to the hatchery to be hatched. The work of men on field duty is best done by men who are trained to it and the Department has heretofore been much hampered in its work owing to its inability to obtain trained men, it being impossble to secure men for short periods of time. What is imperatively needed by the Department is such a liberal appropriation that it can employ by the year men who can be sent to any part of the State to do the field work. Besides gathering the eggs the field men also gather the fingerling fish from the various waters for transplanting to other waters, this being the case with such fish as pickerel. Field men also gather the breeding fish of the bass and yellow perch to be placed in the ponds at the hatcheries for breeding purposes. TRAINING SCHOOL FOR FISH CULTURISTS. One of the most important needs of the Department of Fisheries is trained fish culturists and the need grows stronger every day that the Department comes nearer to the completion of its plans in re- building and rehabilitating the various hatcheries. With its ponds all built in the most permanent manner and with hatching houses equipped witli the best devices known to the science of fish culture, the Department is sure that it will be able to respond to all the calls that may be made upon it for fish if it is able to secure a corps of trained men who will be able to use to the highest advantage the facilities at their command. When the first Fish Commission began its work the science of artificial propagation of fish was as yet in a crude state and experi- ments were more the work of the culturist rather tlinn the proved methods of today. In fact, to the general fmblic the artificial propa- gation of fish was regarded as an experiment from which only fail- ure could be expected. But investigation and experiment by many workers brought about the conditions of today when results show that but for the artificial propagation of fish there would be a sad diminution of the fish supply and in many cases extermination. This is really shown in two well known cases. A few vears asro the white fish in Lake Erie had become so depleted by the constant fishing that it was no longer profitable to fish for them. Then the United States Government, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the State of Ohio began to propagate the white fish artificially with the result that the supply of these fish is growing greater every year and the fishermen are once more fishing for them, enabling thousands of people to enjoy these truly delicious fish. On the other hand no suc- Ko. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. 25 cess has been attained in the artificial propagation of the sturgeon owing to the fact that it has never been possible to obtain the male and female fish at the same time in a ripe stage. The result has been, owing to the value of the fish, it has been fished for so continuously that it is threatened with extinction although it has great fecundity. Could anything demonstrate more clearly the value of artificial propagation than the two examples above quoted. When the first Pennsylvania Fish Commission began its work in the early seventies its methods were crude, not only from lack of facilities and absence of proved methods, but also it was hampered by lack of funds for the Legislature did not share the enthusiasm of the members of the Commission in regard to the possibilities of in- creasing a valuable food supply by helping Nature. The first em- ployes of the Commission were therefore expected to be workers in every direction. They dug the ponds and did all the labor on the place, while at the same time they were expected to attend to the fish. That they were able to get men to do this work is rather sur- prising to the people of this day, but they did and the result is shown by the fact that Pennsylvania has today a corps of hatcliery Super- intendents, all trained in this school, which has no superior in this country. But such a school is not desirable in these days, for what is needed in the fish culturists is more brains and mental- training than muscle, because the muscle when needed is always available from the un- skilled labor of the country, while today the Department does not know where to turn in an emergency that would demand the skilled culturist. Fish culture today is an exact science and" the successful fish culturist must be a man with an education that will make him observant and understand the advantages of training. The better . education and mental training a man has the better fish culturist he will make, the same rule applying to him as it does to the lawyer or the doctor. Today the need of the hatcheries is a larger force of trained men who would be available at any time to respond to any call. The splendid facilities of the Department for supplying fish will be wasted to a great extent if it does not have the force to use those facilities to the limit. These men should be a permanent corps, al- ways ready to respond to calls, because now when there is a demand for helpers there are none available and the untrained man is of no use even as a messenger because it requires a man with a knowledge of fish life to carry fish in cans for hours and not let them die. The Department, of course, has been hampered in the past in getting suit- able men from the small amount of salaries it has been able to pay. A salary of fifty dollars a month to begin with and a prospective rise in the future to seventy-five dollars a month is not a very enticing prospect* to a high school or college graduate who has aspirations in the way of learning to be a fish culturist, and when he does come under the employ of the Department as soon as he becomes proficient he is enticed away by the offer of a higher salary. To the lover of Nature there is no more attractive pursuit than that of fish culture and it becomes more and more fascinating every day as its possibilities are developed. The department of Forestry has established a school for the training of young men in the scientific 26 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. part of forestry and the work it is doing is admitted to be most im- portant. Why then should there not be established a school for educating men in the lore of fish culture. It is admitted that fish are among the most important sources of food supply and the man who can make two fish grow where only one grew before is as much a benefactor to his race as the man who makes two blades of grass grow where only one did before. In view of the importance of this subject the Department proposes to establish such a training school, though at first only in a modest sort of way. When the contemplated improvements at the Wayne hatchery are all completed it is de- signed to take on there a few assistants with a view of giving them such a complete training that they will be fitted for any work in the Department from the care of fish in the hatchery to the gathering of fish in the field. The Wayne hatchery is peculiarly well fitted for this work as every branch of fish cultural work can be studied tlrere. In the hatchery the student can learn trout culture and battery work, in the ponds he can study pond culture, and the many lakes in the neighborhood give every opportunity to study field work. It is hoped that the scheme may prove attractive to bright young men and that they will avail themselves of the opportunity to qualify themselves for the profession which is growing in importance eveiy day, because there is no question that the opportunities oilered by the raising of fish for market will attract capital and that capital will need the trained fish culturist to make his venture a success. If rennsylvania is to get out of its Ijatcheries all that they are capable of doing she must increase her force of trained men who will be induced to stay in the service by making their salaries at least the same as anyone else will pay. It will be economy to do this because then the hatcheries can be worked to the limit of their capacities and the results will far more than balance the increased expense. What the people want is fish and the Department feels that it can give them all the fish they want if it only has the employes to do the work but these employes mtist be trained so that there may be no accidents due to lack of knowledge and no losses due to the same cause. A sudden stoppage in the water supiily may mean the death rf thou- sands of fish in the troughs or millions in the batteries and an igno- rant messenger may arrive at his destination with nothing but dead fish in his cans. The Wayne County hatchery is peculiarly fitted for a school for the teaching of fish culture. It is situated at Pleasant Mount, Wayno County, a section of the lake region of Pennsylvania, and there are manv lakes within easv reach of the hatcherv. TheJ^e lakes are all capable of beinj? made to teem with tish v.hich cannot be exhausted if wasteful and destructive methods of fishing are prohibited. Experi- ments made during the last few years absolutely prove this. Here, then, is the broadest kind of field for what is called field w^oik, that is. using these lakes as breeding places from which the icst of the state can be supplied while the field work increases the fish in the lakes by the constant changes of blood, for fish deteriorate by inbreeding. The fish in these lakes are the pickerel, the basses, sunfish, yellow perch, catfish and minnows, the latter so much needed for food for the other fish. These are the fish which are the main reliance in re- No. 21, DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES 27 stocking and keeping up the supply of fish in the waters of the Com- monwealth. The taking of these fish is done by what is called field work and it is by this field work that by far the largest part of the restocking of the streams of the state is accomplished, as is also the replenishing of the w^aters of Lake Erie, in the latter instance the fish are all gathered by field w^ork and the fish saved from what would otherwise be entirely a waste product. Hence the importance of field work, and it can be thoroughly learned in all its parts by the student at Wayne hatchery. In addi- tion as the student works on the lakes he can study the habits and life of the fish in its native element free from any artificial sur- roundings and train himself to those close habits of observation so necessary to the successful fish culturist. Then to the fish in the lakes is added the frogs, from whose annual spawning it is possible to obtain as many eggs to hatch for tadpoles as there are required by the most exacting demands, the number to be had being limited only by the ability of the field men to handle them. It is a curious fact that there never seem to be any more than a certain number of frogs in a given pond and this number does not seem to vary no matter how many of the spawn may be taken away to a hatchery to be sent some- where else when they become tadpoles. There is a growing demand for artificial cultivation of frogs but the data in regard to their life is yet insufficient to give the matter a standing above the experi- mental stage. The student at the school who has an interest in his work may be able to work out the problem of frog life that cultiva- tors may take hold of the business with the same certainty that does the raiser of trout. With frogs commanding forty cents a pound and an every ready market the bi7siness of raising them ought to be profitable if the secret of their lives is found out. The hatchery also has in connection with it a trout hatchery with all the modern ai)])liances and the student can become proficient in all the secrets of raising trout, from the taking of the eggs from the female fish, the impregnation of the same by the milt of the male, the placing on the trays and the control of the w%ater, for the man at the spigot is as important as the man behind the gun. Too much water is as fatal at times as too little. Then, too, there is a battery for the hatching of the eggs of such fish as the perch, the catfishli and all the commercial fish from Lake Erie, and here knowledge, judgment and w^atchfulness come into full play. No mere prentice hand can successfully do the work here for surmise and guessing cannot take the place of knowledge. No two kinds of fish eggs in a battery can be handled the same way, and it was only after long study and ex- periment that the problem was solved at all. The splendid practical training of the Superintendents of the Pennsylvania hatcheries has stood them in good stead in many an experiment in handling the various kinds of fish eggs in the batteries. The Wayne hatchery has the largest area of ponds by far of any of the other hatcheries and this makes possible the raisiiig of the black bass so much demanded by sportsmen, the demand exceeding that tov tront. The black bass cannot be handled as other fish by taking the roe but must be allow^ed to breed naturally and experience has shown that to successfully raise bass large areas of water are neces- sary. Supplementing the ponds, which cover a number of acres, the hatchery has control of the fieaver Flow reservoir, at one time a 28 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. No. 21. DEPAR'niENT OF FISHERIES. m * I feeder of the Delaware and Hudson Canal, and this covers about two hundred acres. Here is ample space for the bass to grow and thrive but it will be made an object lesson as to what can be accom- plished in the way of stocking, and keeping stocked, a body of water so that if no method of fishing, except a rod and line, is permitted the supply of fish will be inexhaustible and every fishermen will be able to every day get his legal number of fish. The bass problem is a most interesting one, but the Pennsylvania Department has in the last few years done much to solve it and successfully raised the little lisii to tile lengtli of several inches, something before thought impos- sible owing to the cannibalistic character of the fish. Superintend- ent A. G. Buller tells how he taught the little fish to feed and they took to the food so willingly that they stopped eating each other. With the Wayne facilities the student will have most ample oppor- tunity to study the life of the bass as he could do nowhere else. A graduate of the proposed school, if he takes an interest in his studies and avails himself of all his opportunities, will at the end of his term be fitted to fill with credit any position in a fish hatchery and be able to give to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania those re- sults the Department of Fisheries is so anxious to attain. FAIRMOUNT PARK AQUARIUM. The Department, during the past year, co-operated with the Fair mount Park Aquarium officials, as in former years. This co-opera tion, the Department believes, keeps up the supply of fish and feels that much good has been accomplished in this way. The Superintendent of the Aquarium reports the following catch of fish by the employes of the Aquarium under permit issued during the year 1915 : Large Mouth Bass, Yellow Perch, .... Catfish, Sunfish, Rock Bass, ■ • • • 87 62 42 98 5 Total, 294 In addition to the above a number of suckers and carp were caught. COMMERCIAL FISH HATCHERIES. During the year there were issued 15 commercial hatchery licenses. which allowed the liceieees to propagate fish artificially. These li- censes are issued under the provisions of Section 11, of the Act of May 1, 1909, P. L. 353. The hatcheries did a business of |61,917.74, a gain of $1,324.99 over the previous year's business. The license fee is flO.OO, good for the year in which it is issued. There is no other tax. Each shipment of fish must be accompanied by an invoice show- iii£; the number of the hatchery, the number and weight of the fish, viiich invoice is good for six days. The Department of Fisheries co-operates with the Commercial hatchery men in every way possible, as it believes that this is an im- portant w^ork and should be fostered as much as possible. Meetings are lield with the Commercial hatchery men and every assistance is rendered them possible. Following is the report of the output of the hatcheries: Pounds. Dnad trout for market Trout, live, mnture Brook trout, advanced fry, Brook trout, eyed egps Brook trout, green eggs, Black bass, Gold fish 8unftsh Catfish Total, .f. 71,512 Number. Value. 1.000 169,597 140,748 235.000 26,799,464 405,000 20.000 7,152 6,800 i***«*««**a« 137,037 47 9.822 18 999 95 12,879 86 350 00 400 00 210 28 158 00 60 00 161.917 74 PRESQUE ISLE PENINSULA. By an Act of Congress appro\ed the 24th day of March, 1910, en- titled' "An Act granting certain rights and privileges to the Depart- ment of Fisheries of the State of Pennsylvania" (36 Stat. 262), the Department of Fisheries of the State of Pennsylvania w^as granted the right to enter upon and occupy a piece of land known as "Presque Isle" peninsula, in the county of Erie and State of Pennsylvania, « * * * ^Qp ^jjg purpose of establishing and maintaining there- on a hatchery for the propagation of game and food fishes, ♦ ♦ ♦ • • to improve the lands and ponds and reclaim marsh lands thereon, ♦ * ♦ ♦ to construct buildings, ponds, &c., on said land and to otherwise improve the peninsula. After the Department secured the right to the peninsula it had plans drawn for the purpose of restoring the natural spawning grounds of the lake fish; connecting the series of ponds by dredging channels 30 feet wide which would permit the ingress and egress of the lake fishes so that they might deposit their spawn in sheltered places. The channels connecting the series of ponds had been filled up by the action of the waves and wind, thus preventing the fish from in- habiting their natural grounds. For the purpose of carrying on this work the Department secured from the Legislature of 1913 an appropriation of |20,000.00. With I t I lii 30 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. this appropriation was able to make considerable headway. The 1915 Legislature appropriated only |8,000.00 for this work. When it is understood that these appropriations are for two years, it will readily be seen how the Department is handicapped in this important work.' It is hoped that the Legislature of 1917 will appreciate the importance of this work and appropriate funds accordingly. The restoring the natural spawning grounds of the fish in *-Tresque Isle" is of much importance, not only to this Department, but to the people of the city of Erie, and the people of the entire Common- wealth. When this work is finished the Department will have a very valuable field to work on and will mean much in the propagation and distribution of the fish in the waters of the Commonwealth of such si>ecies which the Department is unal)le to propagate artificially at the hatcheries. When this work is finished there will be approxi- mately three hundred acres of pond area. It has been impossible for the Department to do any work on the peninsula during the past year owing to the lack of funds. If an ap- propriation is allowed by the incoming legislature the work wiU again be taken up. LAKE ERIE FIBH INDUSTRY. The port of Erie is the largest fresh water fish market in the world, altho Pennsylvania may boast of only 40 miles of shore line on Lake Erie. The amount of nets that are set every day run into hundreds of miles and represent an outlay of thousands of dollars for equipment. The production of fish for the year ending Novem- ber 30, 1916, according to reports received from the fish houses lo- cated at Erie, was 4,953,799 pounds, valued at wholesale at |229,- 673.32. These figures convey forcibly the value of the fish business in Lake Erie, where the city of Erie is only one of a number of fishing ports. The value of the boats and tackle used in taking the fish and the warehouses where they are handled amounts to millions of dollars and gives employment to thousands of men. This immense business, the Department believes, is due in a great part to the artificial propagation of the lake fishes, and is upheld in this by the fishermen in general. The United States Bureau of Fish- eries also is doing much to keep up the fish industry in the lake. The whole restocking is done by saving the eggs which would be a waste product if it were not for the work of the hatchery men. It was not many years back, before the artificial propagation of fish was taken up, that the catch of fish in Lake Erie had so fallen off that the pur- suit of fishing was no longer profitable. The figures given above do not convey entirely the immensity of the business as they show the wholesale prices, while the persons who use this large supply pay from 50 to 100 per cent above this price, due to the freight and the handling by the fish dealers at their No 21, DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. 81 respective homes. The fish industry at Erie is a very valuable object lesson as to the value of artificial propagation of fish in furnishing a very important food supply to the people. If lake Erie, with the tre- mendous drain made upon it by the fishermen can be kept stocked with fish, it shows that the other lakes and streams in Pennsylvania can also be stocked and brought back to their former state of pro- ductiveness if the hatcheries are worked to their full capacity and the fishermen observe the laws against wasteful and destructive methods of fishing. Under the provisions of the Act of April 18th, 1913, which classi- fies the fish in boundary lakes, of more than five thousand acres, over which this Department has jurisdiction, the officer on lake Erie arrested the Owner, Master and other employes of the fishing tug ''Alfred S" from Toledo, Ohio, each paying a fine of one hundred dol- lars, and fish to the amount of |450.68 was confiscated and the amount remitted to the State Treasurer for the use of the Common- wealth. The parties were using gill nets of illegal mesh and, when arrested, had in their possession 11,267 pounds of food fish and ten boxes of gill nets. The prosecution was brought under the direction of the Department of the Attorney General of the Commonwealth; Attorney Clark Olds, of Erie, representing the Department. Unless the laws are enforced and the fishermen made to live up to them, it is usless to place them on the statute books. It would be unfair to the Pennsylvania fishermen who fish out of the port of Erie to allow outsiders to fish without making them live up to the laws of Pennsyl- vania. The Department believes that the arrest and conviction of these men will have the desired effect in preventing more violations of this nature. The following table shows the catch at the port of Erie from De- cember 1, 1915 to November 30, 1916, as reported to the Department by the fish houses at Erie: Kind of Fish. Cii^co or Lake H&rring, *•.■«>■■■••«..*•■•*•••»••■ Blue Pike White Fish Yellow Perch, Lake Trout Pike Perch Crttflsh Carp Sturgeon ; Miscellaneous, Total Pounds. 3,254.371 1,408.455 114.971 18.042 2,605 6.174 263 51.477 1,375 S6.066 Value. 4,953,799 1156.246 73 55,241 49 13,823 80 743 24 284 03 493 29 13 27 952 55 294 32 1,5S0 60 $229,673 32 8 32 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. FISHWAY AT McCALLS FERRY DAM. The erection of a practical fishway for the ascension of the shad in the dam built by the Pennsylvania Water & Power Company at Holtwood has received considerable attention by this Department, as well as by everyone interested in the restoration of the shad industry m the upper Susquehanna river. This question has been before this Department, the Department of the Attorney General and the gen- eral fishing public for the past few years, and is still one of the "un- solved problems" of the age. The facts surrounding this question are well known to the public and in its effort to solve the problem many plans of fishways have been submitted, and many models havebeen examined, with the re- sult that nothing practical has resulted in the way of shad ascending the river above the dam. The improved Call fishway installed on the Lancaster county side of tlie dam, after many tests, proved to be useless for the purpose for which it was intended. The Power Companv expended about $20,000.00 in the erection of this Call fishway and, acting under in- structions from this Department, erected an improved fishway on the York county side, expending about |21,000.00 in its construction, and has from time to time made improvements as suggested by this De- partment. It is expected to make further improvements and exten- sions this coming spring on the York county fishway. Believing this to be of nation-wide importance, the Department wrote to each Fish Commission of the United States, and the U S Fish Commission, asking if any practical fishway was known to them and asking their opinion on the subject. The replies received was to the effect that up to the piesent time no practical fishway is known for the ascension of shad. On May 19 and 20, 1916, Dr. R. E. Coker, of the United States Bu- reau of Fisheries, Washington, D. C, at the request of this Depart- ment visited Holtwood to examine conditions existing there and to inspect and report on the fishway installed on the York countv side of the dam. Dp. Coker made an extensive report on the conditions which he found at Holtwood, going into the question in detail. In a table showing variation in stream flow of certain large rivers in the United States, it shows that changing flood stages in the Susque- hanna river are greater, in comparsion with stream length, than any of the other rivers, among the list being the Potomac, Delaware, Hudson, Sacramento, Colorado, Columbia, Tennessee, Savannah and Alabama rivers. Some of the reasons given in the report for the decline of the shad m the Susquehanna are; over-fishing; disturbance of the original condition of stream flow; and pollution. In part, also, to the ob- struction of the river by a dam which has caused the fishery in the river above the dam to cease. These conditions. Dr. Coker says have undeniably led to unusual efforts on the part of the State authori- Ko. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES, dd ties and the Power company to provide a fishway that would permit the shad to pass over the dam and ascend to the upper portion of the river. In a test taken in 1913, covering a period of forty-eight days, of the Lancaster county fishway, which is of the improved Call type with thirty-nine pockets, exclusive of eels, there were found only sixty-five fish of six species, not a single shad being among the fish so caught. None of the species so taken are known to be dependent upon extensive migratory movements. In commenting on this Call fishway, Dr. Coker states, "it is apparent that the fishway was en- tirely ineffective for the purpose intended (the passage of shad) or for any other purpose except the passage of eels." In speaking of the York Coimty fishway, which was constructed under the direction of the present Commissioner of Fisheries, Dr. Coker says, "In 1915 a new fishway was constructed on the York county side on plans furnished by the Commissioner of Fisheries of Pennsylvania, N. R. Buller, the fishway representing a radical de- parture from any plan of fishway built in this country. The idea is an exceedingly interesting one and has been carried out at consider- able expense. Much thought and care has evidently been devoted to the matter by both the State Fish Commissioner and the power com- pany. The York county fishway was constructed in 1913 but since that time has been lengthened and the design modified in certain re- spects." The conference between Dr. Coker, the Pennsylvania Department of Fisheries and the power company w^as originally intended to in- spect the fishway in reference to the local conditions at Holtwood, but the report shows, that in view of the fact that the subject of fishways in general is one of vital interest to the Bureau of Fisheries and the problems of one place are to some extent repeated in an- other, the subject is treated in an exhaustive manner. The diflSculties in the construction of fishways and the mainte- nance of them in proper working condition are necessarily great in the case of dams of the height of the Holtwood dam. These difficul- ties are enhanced by the conditions prevailing in the Susquehanna river as regards extremes of flood stages, the small storage capacity of pools inherent in the form of the prism of the river valley, and the quantity of ice which is brought down by the spring floods. In speaking of the construction of a fishway which could be ex- pected to w^ork successfully for shad under similar conditions, Dr. Coker says: "No fishway has even been designed or constructed which could be expected to work successfully for shad under these or similar conditions. The present fishway on the York county side of Holtwood undoubtedly represents the most advanced effort to solve the problem, although, under present conditions there, it is not possible to say that it represents a successful solution." "The situation on the Susquehanna does not call for the forma- tion of definite recommendations by the Bureau. Were any recom- ttiendations required it would be that the necessity of a fishway should be ascertained more definitely than it is at present. In de- termining upon the necessity of a practical step it is always right to weigh the benefits to be gained against the sacrifices involved in se- curing them. This applies to public as well as to private matters." 3—21—1917 34 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. BROOK TROUT. The gorgeous colored brook trout of Pennsylvania is the favorite fish of the angler, and every spring crowds of fishermen hasten to the streams to fish for these dandies of the Pennsylvania waters There are still many trout streams in Pennsylvania that afford full creels to the angler, but with the ever increasing army of fishermen it is absolutely essential that the supply must be kept up by restocking With artificially raised fish, because the streams under natural propa- gation will not furnish fish equal to the demand, because natural propagation in any stream is really but a small factor when the number of fishermen is considered. The Department has thoroughly rebuilt the Corry hatchery until It IS equal to any trout hatchery in the world, and the Bellefonte and Wayne county hatcheries are now being rebuilt as rapidlv as funds Will permit. When these three hatcheries are completed the Depart- ment will be lu a position to supply all the demands made for trout and to yestock the streams in a business like manner BROWN TROUT. I Iv ^^^^^^'^"^g up of the waters of the State through the clear- ing oft of the timber, there are many former trout streams that are no longer cold enough for the fastidious brook trout. In such waters experience shows that the brown trout will thrive, and while not so' gamey as the brook trout, yet they afford really more sport to more people tlian the brook trout, because the streams nre more accessible and less difficult to fish. These brown trout have been called the German brown trout, be- cause they happened to be introduced to this country by a German yet the fact is that these brown trout are the English brook trout' over which Izaak Walton so much rhapsodized. The Department is mnkmg every effort to be able 1o furnish all the demands for brown n.?^' f /« \ncreasing j^arly the number of its breeders so that the out put of fish will equal the demands made upon it. The Depart- ment knows of no other persons raising brown trout and therefore has to depend wholly upon its own supply of breeders for its young Xo. 21, DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES 35 BLUE GILL SUNFISH. There are few fishes which afford so much entertainment and sport as do the family of sunfishes, this being especially true as to women and children to whom the taking of sunfish is an ever continuous joy and delight. There are quite a number of species of these fish vary- ing in size, but all of them are gamey and every ready to take the hook, thus giving the amateur a chance which he gets from few or no other fish. The aristocrat of the sunfish family is the blue gill sunfish which abounds in Lake Erie. This fish grows from three quarters of a pound to a pound in w^eight, and as an edible fish has no superior, while it is so gamey within certain limits that the daintiest of fly fish- ers does not disdain to fish for it for sport. It is very productive and will thrive in any pure water. Appreciating the value of this fish for food and sport the Depart- ment is making great efforts to raise the blue gill in quantities so that they may be disseminated in all the waters of the State. There are many small bodies of water in the State which would render large returns in the way of food if restocked with the blue gills in- stead of the black bass, which the average person seems to think would be the fish that he wants in the water. The yield of blue gills would be thousands of pounds in a year where it would not be hun- dreds of pounds if bass were planted. In the case of the blue gills, it not only means food, but more sport for more people. Jordan & Evermann, authorities on American Food and Game Fishes say of the blue gill : "The blue gill is perhaps the best known, and certainly the most important, of all our true sunfishes. It is the largest of the sunfishes, reaching a length of twelve to fourteen inches and a weight of nearly a pound, and as a food fish the blue gill is of much importance, and of all the species it is the one most often sent to market, where it al- ways brings a good price. As a pan fish it is unexcelled among the fresh water fishes. Its flesh is firm and flakey and possesses a de- licious flavor and among all the sunfishes it holds the highest rank as a game fish. It can be taken at any time of the year, even through the ice in winter. It bites well during the spring and early summer, while from early July until September it is particularly voracious and fine catches can be made. It will take any sort of bait and can be taken with any sort of tackle. The blue gills usually keep more or less in definite schools and the patient angler usually lands them all. They do not seize the hook with a rush as does the rock bass and the fight'does not begin until the fish find itself hooked and from then on the fight is of the most vigorous kind and is kept up to the end with a persistency and viciousn3s that make the blue gill "the gamest of all fishes for its size." A description of the Blue Gill Sunfish follows: Colour, rich greenish olive on back, becoming paler on sides; top of head dark greenish ; opercles and cheek bluish ; opercular flap rich 36 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. velvety black, a small whitish spot above near its base ; side with 3 or 4 broad darker greenish bars ; fins all greenish, the perpectorl palest, reddish at base; a large black blotch on last rays of dorsal, a similar one on anal; the dark bars become obsolete in the adult; no blue stripes on cheek; no red on fins; old individuals often with the belly coppery red or brassy. BASS. Some thirty or forty years ago the small mouth black bass craze swept over the State of Pennsylvania the same as it did over the New England States. Everyone seemed to want bass and it was found at that time that black bass multiplied very rapidlv when introduced into new waters, rind the result was that the black bass was introduced into our rivers and many of our inland lakes. The bass thrived for a number of years until practically all the food was devoured and then for lack of food and range they were forced to live upon each other, and in many instances, due to their environment, became a stunted race. To correct this mistake it is not so much the replenishing of these waters with large numbers of bass, but only the infusion of new blood into these waters. On account of the difficulties met and the expense of propagating small mouth bass in large numbers, the same as the Department is doing with the other species of fish, and retain them until they grow to a suitable size for planting, the fishermen should not apply for so many bass, but apply for fish to introduce into the bass stream which will replenish the food supply, namelv, the minnow and frog. The Department does not expect to be able to rear bass in such large numbers for many years to come and if the fishermen will do as above stated they will see the wisdom of this, and the good results will be noticeable. Many of our inland lakes which afl*orded excellent pickerel, yellow perch and catfish fishing, after the introduction of the bass, the above named species were destroyed and in manv instances very val- uable trout lakes were ruined, which was entirely due to the 'craze for bass which swept over the State a number of years ago. Upon personal investigations made of the streams for which many applications have been made for bass, it was found that it was not so much the bass which was needed in these partiuclar streams, but food for the supply of bass which were already in the streams In other words the minnow life, which is so necessarv for food, in most of the streams was practically extinct. It was apparent from close observation that the bass were feeding on one another, due to lack of range and lack of food supply and were, therefore, becoming stunted The black bass is the most difficult fish to propagate artificially and rear to sufficient size which would be profitable to the Common- wealth and which would reward the fishermen for their trouble in No 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. 37 placing them in the streams. To illustrate this to the fishermen the following is given : Large areas of water are necessary to supply the adult breeding bass with the proper live food, and the small, or baby bass, with the same kind of food, as practical experience has taught that the small mouth black bass will not thrive in sufficient numbers to pro- duce results with any artificial food which may be given them. The ponds in the first place must be liberally supplied with daphnia, which is the food the young bass require when they first commence to feed. This daphnia in many instances is very hard to obtain, particularly when a cold or backward season is experienced. In order to breed daphnia it is necessary to have warm water and certain other conditions. After the bass have obtained the size sufficient to take other food, minnows must be provided in large quantities, as the bass is very voracious. It has also been found that to be successful in the propagation of bass a new supply of adult breeding bass must be placed in the ponds, as the small ponds do not give the natural environment which the bass require. The hatching of bass is an easy proposition, but to plant them in streams in the fry stage is useless, as they are very delicate fish and when planted in the fry stage are unable to protect themselves from the large fish in the waters in which they are planted. In order to get results the bass must be held until they have reached a suitable size, and in order to do this large areas of water are necessarv. MINNOWS. One of the necessities of successfully stocking the streams and waters of the State with fish is a plentiful supply of food. The water plants are the gardens that furnish the food for the little fish, but as the fish advance in size they need more than microscopic food. The largest source of supply for most fish are members of the minnow family, and in the original balance established by Nature the supply of minnows was equal to the demand of the fish population of the waters. Of late years this balance has been destroyed, partly due to the introduction of other fish, such as carp and bass, which de- stroyed the previous balance established by Nature. The fishermen are also in a way responsible for the diminution m the supply of minnows, because they draw on them for bait and waste very many more than they use. In the absence of minnows the fish prey upon their young, and this is plainly shown in small streams that have been stocked with bass. To illustrate the necessity of minnow life in bass streams: Four years ago the Pennsylvania Department of Fisheries commenced ob- .«ervations of a stream that w«ts stocked with bass. The absence of minnow life in this stream was very noticeable the first year, and REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. in a distance of a quarter of a mile there were observed 150 bass nests of eggs. Very few yearling bass could be seen. During the first year the stream was heavily stocked by the Department with minnows. This year after continued stocking with minnows more than 1,500 bass nests were located in this stream, where four years ago there were only 150 bass nests, and the stream contained bass of all sizes. This illustration only shows that the bass are not liable to prey upon one another if the natural food supply is in the stream. It also shows that the stream was not so much in need of bass as it was natural food supply. The Department cannot urge too strongly that the fisliermen supply the bass which are already in the streams with minnow life and they will find that by doing so better results will be obtained and better bass fishing will prevail throughout the Commonwealth in the present bass streams. PIKE PEJICH. The pike perch, or as it is known in Lake Erie, the yellow pike, and in the inland waters of the Commonwealth as the Susquehanna salmon, is a very valuable food fish from a commercial point of view as well as a game fish from the sportsmen's point of view. In Lake Erie they are classified as food fish, while in the inland waters they are classified as one of the game fishes. This important fish is a species of wide distribution and is found in the Susquehanna, Juniata and Delaware rivers and in many of the small lakes. Though found in many streams it is preferably a lake fish and it is very abundant in Lake Erie. The Department uses the name "pike perch" as it shows a close relationship with the Percidae. The pike perch prefers clear water with rock, gravel, sand or hard clay bot- tom, and is rarely found in muddy streams or lakes. It is a voracious fisli, feeding largely on various minnows, but not to any extent upon t)ie young of any other food fishes. It also feeds upon craw fislies during the season when in shallow water. The fi^h ordinarily inhabits waters of moderate depths and varies greatly in size. The fish caught in the inland waters range in A\'eight from 1^ to 5 pounds. The spawning time of the pike perch is in the early spring. The spawning grounds are in shoal water, usually on the edges of the bars, or hard gravel bottom. The eggs are very small, only about 1-12 of an inch in diameter and run about 150.000 to the quart. A fish ranging in size from two to five pounds produces about 80,000 eggs each. It is held in high esteem as a food fish. The "flesh is firm, flaky, and white and of delicious flavor, Jordan and Evermann describe its color as dark olive, finely mottled with brassy, the latter color forming indistinct oblique bars; sides of head more or less vermiculated ; lower jaw flesh colored ; belly and lower fins pinkish, spinous dorsal with a large jet black No. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. 39 blotch on membrane of the last two or three spines, otherwise nearly plain, second dorsal and caudal mottled— olive and yellowish; base of pectoral dusky, without distinct black blotch. The Department of Fisheries propagates this fish very extensively as a food fish, and also distributes it in the inland waters where suitable, but would ask the fishermen not to ask for this species of fish for small streams, but to plant it only in larger streams which are already inhabited by the bass. MUSCALLONGE. Through co-operation with the New York Conservation Commis- sion, the Department of Fisheries received a supply of muscallonge eggs from New York State waters. The eggs were hatched and the fish planted in those western lakes in which the muscallonge was already an inhabitant. The muscallonge is a most rapid grower at- taining a size of twelve inches in a very short time, but to attain this size he eats an enormous amount of food, causing him to be a dangerous fish to place in ordinary waters. Jordan and Evermann say that a full size muscallonge represents several tons of fish which he has devoured during his life time. The ardent angler desires the muscallonge on account of his size and the hard fight he puts up when hooked, but where the muscallonge abound in small streams, very few other fish are found, so that when the take of the year is measured by fish in poimds, the yield of muscallonge is far below in the way of food than the amount taken from waters where the muscallonge does not live. FROGS. In 1006 there was issued by the Department an interesting bulletin on Frog Farming relating to experiments made by the Department in the artificial propagation of frogs up to that time. Experiments and observations have been made since then to such an extent that the Department has found that it would not be commercially valu- able to propagate the frog for commercial purposes, but believes the frog is a very valuable adjunct to our lakes and streams, and regrets very much to find that in places where the frog was formerly found it is now practically extinct. This the Department believes is due to a great extent to the ruthless slaughter of the frog and the inattention most persons give to the restocking of the lakes and 40 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. streams. The frog is a very interesting study and nature writers tell us that there are between 200 and 300 species known. There are four species common in Pennsylvania and one that the Depart- ment propagates for distribution is the common bull frog, one of the largest species. Our lakes and streams are made picturesque by the frog and it is oft times the spirit of the place. The frogs hibernate and with the advent of spring begin coming forth from their hiber- nating beds which are in the mud and bottoms of streams and ponds. The eggs are usually deposited in the months of April and May and the period of incubation varies according to the temperature of the water, from ten to thirty days. The colder the water the longer the time for hatching. The eggs are impregnated in the same manner as the eggs of the fish as they issue from the oviducts of the female. As each egg passes down the oviduct it receives a thin coating of gelatinous material which becomes globule. The globules adhere to each other until the egg is hatched, producing the tadpole. The tadpole of the common bull frog does not develop into a frog until a period of two years, and takes about five years from the depositing of the egg until the frog is fully grown. Tadpoles in themselves are not cannibals but devour a great deal of dead animal matter. After the tadpole has developed into a frog it will not take anything but live food. The mortality is greatest when the hind legs are developing. The Department finds WM the best results are obtained in the planting of the frog in the tadpole stage, thf\t is in the second year, as oft times when the fully developed frog is distributed it travels a long distance from the place it was intended for. By planting the tadpole the frog usually remains in the waters in which it is developed, from the tadpole stage to the frog stage. Another difficulty the Department meets with in its efforts to replenish the frog is the poor protection afforded it now and believes better legislation along this line should be enacted. CATFISH. Jordan and Evermann in "American Food & Game Fish," tells us that in the United States and Mexico we have about thirty-four species of catfish, only about one dozen of which are of sufficient importance to merit any consideration. The catfish needs no introduction to the average boy, and the ^own up recalls with pleasure the days when he went fishing for "catties." The catfish thrives in niost any waters, even if not the purest, and he shows a family instinct that is to be commended to other members of the fish family. The catfish watches carefully over their eggs, and after the little fish are hatched they round thera up No. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. 41 in a ball after the fashion of a cowboy rounding up his cattle, and guards them with a courage as energetic and pei sis tent as the care with which he watched over their eggs. The experience of the Department has bean that Ithe best catfish for most of the Pennsylvania waters are the native catfish, or common bull-head. They thrive and do better particularly in poads- and lakes than any of the other species. The Department can not .t(.o. strongly > impress upon the minds of the fishermen to give more attention to the catfish. The persons who build fish ponds and stocks them v,dth catfish will find the work very interesting. The catfish deposits its eggs in holes burrowed in the mud, cover- ing these holes and watching over the young, continually fanning them with their fins to keep the sediment from settling on them and smothering thtm. If it were not j'or the constant watching of the parent fish most of the eggs would be lost. Owing to the tempera- ture of the water it requires from five to ten days to hatch the eggs. The little fish are pink in color when first hatched, and true to their family instinct travel around in balls lesembling a swarm of bees, being constantly watched over by the parent fish, and when they attain a certain size separate. The catfish rarely reaches a weight of more than one or two pounds. Another species of catfish which is adapted to the streams of Penn- sylvania is the channel catfish. This is commonly called the white cat cr channel cat, and is one of the most abundant of its family. The Susquehanna and Delaware rivers and their larger tributaries are good ranges for this species, which reaches a length of two feet and a weight of five or six pounds. As a food fish it is highly prized. The Department has been experimenting with the artificial propa- gation of catfish and it feels sure that it will be in a position to furnish an inexhaustible supply very shortly. YELLOW PERCH. The vellow perch is one of the daintiest fresh water food fishes, and it fs one of the few fish that survive the devonian period. Owing to its fecundity it abounds in large numbers in many of our north- eastern lakes. " It is. by preference, a lake fish, though it thrives and does well in any pure water, but hardly as well in rapidly running waters. Its\isual length is from ten to fourteen inches and weighs one-half to two pounds. As a pan fish it ranks with the blue i?ill sunfish and the wall-eyed pike. As a game fish the yellow perch can be commended on account of the fact that anybody can catch it. It can be taken with hook and line, with any sort of bait, and will rise on occasions to the artificial fly, and can easily be taken through the ice in winter. The yellow perch is not a great fighter, ^ REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. but if 'angleV? fo^ in any deep water, 25 to :^0 teet, it will be found able to make a streii'ous fight. -Tl^e yellow 'porfih ean- be caught by the' women and children, and -bikny of our-'jniand Jakes 'are made more attractive because our wives and cliildren who spend the summer at the inland lakes are able to bi'iiig home a good string of delicious perch. • 'Th6'Depnrtnient has been propagating the j^ellow perch artificially quite extensively the past few years and has been very successful in its efforts along this line. The eggs of the yellow perch are ar- ranged in a very interesting manner, being laid in a single mass, which, when they unfold, resemble the plates in an accordion. Sometimes these ribbons or strings are very long, measuring five or six feet in length. The eggs are very small, measuring 1-13 of an inch. The eggs of the yellow perch are impregnated naturally, and this natural impregnation is of a high percentage, but the loss is enormous in the hatching if the eggs are left to nature, as during the spawning season the perch naturally seek the inlet of the lake, and in case where there is no visible inlet, they deposit their eggs in vast numbers along the shore. The action of 'the wind and waves throw a great number of these eggs high and dry on the short and unless they are collected by the employes of the Department they will perish. The Department, by collecting these eggs, saves and hatches many millions of them artificially. The eggs are collected and taken to the hatchery and are there hatched out and the young perch distributed in the various streams of the Commonwealth which are suited for this species. The process of hatching is very interesting. The eggs, after they are brought from the lakes, are placed in glass jars which contain six quarts of water. These jars are fed under pressure, keeping the eggs in continual motion, imitating as closely as possible the natural action of the waves in the lakes from which they are taken. ^ Perch eggs have been seen on many occasions piled "^up in rows six or eight inches deep and allowed to remain there and perish. The Department finds that in many of the inland lakes vast numbers of yellow perch, but many of them are in a stunted condition. Won- derful results have been attained by transferring many of the perch and planting them m new waters where they seem to grow and thrive splendidly. The yellow perch is described as follows : Color on back, olivaceous j side golden yellow; belly white; side with about six or eight broad dark bars, which extend from back to below axis or body; lower fins largely red or orange, especially in the spring; upper fins olivaceous; a distinct black spot sometimes present' on spinous dorsal. The color varies greatly: The yellow is sometimes very bright; at other times quite pale, and the black bars are much stronger in some waters than in others. There is also frequently a greenish, sometimes coppery, reddish or purplish wash on head and sides; sometimes in mature breeding fish the lower fins are vory brilliantlv red. No. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES, DISTRIBUTION OF FISH TO APPLICANTS. When an application is received in the office of the Department at Harrisburg for a certain species of fish it is entered on the records of the Department and sent to the hatchery from where the dis- tribution is to be made. When the superintendent has made up a "run" each applicant receives notice that on a certain day a ship- ment of fish will arrive over a certain railroad and at a certain time. The applicant is requested to meet the fish on the arrival of the train and to properly plant them in suitable waters. The applicant is also i*equested to advise the Department at Harrisburg, not the superintendent, the number of fish received; in what condition they were received; the number; length and whatever other information he may desire to give, and to sign and date the "return notice," mailing it to Harrisburg. This is done so that the office may keep in touch with the distribution from the several hatcheries and to learn the sentiment of the recipients. The Department is very much gratified to be able to say that the present plan of shipping "yearling" fish, where possible, meets with universal approval and is giving much better results than shipping in the fry stage. The following letters are a few of the many received by the Department and are quoted herewith. The Department thor- oughly appreciates the kind words and will endeavor to continue serving the "whole people" of the Commonwealth. Titusville, Pa., Nov. 22nd, 1916. Hod. N. R. Btn^, OMMDilssioiier of Fisb(erie% Harrisburg, Pemia. Dear Sir: — This letter is to notify you that we received all fish in perfect condition and same have been planted in streams suitable for their requirements. We wish to thank you for the splendid lot of fish that we received, and are pleased to advise you that in the total number of cans there were not over six that had died. All cans, excepting a few that are not in yet, have been duly returned to the Hatchery at Corrv, Pennsylvania. We thank you for the careful attention we have received in this matter and we will be pleased to advise you later how the trout are maturing in this vicinity. Respectfully yours, (Signed) GEORGE H. LIPPS, ANDREW BEHR. 44 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. Altoona, Pa., Oct. 4. 1916. Mr. N. R. Buller, Harrisburg, Pa. Dear Sir: — The consignment of brook trout that I received on the 26th of September for the Fulton County Rod and Gun Club was planted with elegant success as we only lost five dead trout out of the twenty ten gallon cans, and we certainly appreciate the interest that you have taken in our club for your liberal allowance, for the streams in Fulton county were badly in need of stocking. I am sure they will multiply there as I know of no better streams in the State and we will do our best to protect them. Sincerely yours. H. E. SCHNEIDER, President, 825 6th Avenue, Altoona, Pa. Warren, Pa., Sept. 28, 1916. M, R. Buller, Harrisburg, Pa. Dear Sir: — We received the trout from Corry and they were in fine shape. We had plenty of machines at the station and got them off immediately. They were fine and Camp 133 extends to you its heartiest thanks and appreciation. With kind wishes for your success, we are, yours, CAMP 13, U. S. OF PA., Charles R. Beck, Secretarv. Scranton, Pa., Sept. 20, 1916. Mr. N. R. Buller, Commissioner, Department of Fisheries, Harrisburg, Pa. Dear Sir: — I am enclosing herewith Department form covering shipment of trout planted by me yesterday. I wish to congratulate the Department on the excellent condition in which these fish were received and their apparent healthy con- dition. The shipment was met at the station by Mr. D. J. Reese and myself, and the fish were transferred to the waters of the Roaring Brook, above Moscow, Pa., the planting being completed within a Jiittle over an hour after their receipt. No. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. I do not believe that a single fish was lost out of the entire ship- ment. We made a number of plantings and covered considerable country. We have every reason to believe that this valuable and accessible stream has been greatly benefited by this work. Mr. Reese joins me in thanks to yourself and your Department lor the favorable action taken on our application and for the ex- cellent way in which it was handled. Very truly yours, FRANCIS H. COFFIN. Beech Creek, Pa., Sept. 16, 1916. Hon. N. R. Buller, Harrisburg, Pa. Dear Sir: — This was the finest shipment of young fish I have ever put out. I accompanied each party and put them out in a proper manner. While I was with one party we witnessed a sight, — a large water snake grabbing a seven inch trout in the middle and making for the shore. Of course we made him drop the fish and we captured the .^nake and the fish joined his companions in the deeper part of the pool, apparently uninjured. The snakes have been particularly hard on trout this year on account of the dry weather. It seems to me it would be a splendid thing for the Department to suggest that a small bounty be paid on this tribe of trout enemies. Very respectfully, P. M'D. TIBBINS. Franklin, Pa., Sept. 16. 1916. Hon. N. R. Buller, Commissioner, Harrisburg, Pa. Sir: — I wish to thank you very much for this shipment of brook trout. It was the finest lot I ever received, all alive and wild. This lot planted with care. Yours respecfultly, FRANK M'WILLIAMS. 4€ REPORT OF THE Off Doc. HATCHERY REPORTS. The reports of the Superintendents of the various hatcheries given in detail the work at the hatcheries during the past year. The super- intendents labored under many disadvantages, some owing to the work of reconstruction and others because the Department does not have control of the water supply. By their unswerving loyalty and persistent energy they produced greater results than was"^ Jioped for, and the Department returns to them its most hearty appreciation. Indeed the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is to be congratulated upon its force of hatchery superintendents who are not excelled in fish lore and ability by the force of any other State. They have all been in the service of the Commonwealth many years, and with two exceptions, were all trained in the old finished school, which expected an employe of a hatcliery to be ready to do any work, from the digging of a pond to the taking of the eggs from the fish. It is a hard school, but a thorough one, but as stated in another ]>art of this report, it is no longer the proper system of education to be followed by the fish culturist. The fish culturist today is a man of science, with a projjer amount of practical experience, whose brains count for more than his muscle, as the work of the muscle can be done by the laborer who is not ejected to employ any too much brain power. REPORT OF WAYNE COUNTY HATCHERY. Pleasant Mount, Pa., Nov. 30. 1916. Hon. N. H. BtilKr, Commissioner of Fiabei^% Harrisburg, Pa. Sir: — I have the honor to submit my report covering the operation of the Wavne County hatcherv from December 1st, 1915 to November HO, 1916. This hatchery during the past two years has been undergoing a complete change and it has been practically impossible to attempt to raise any great number of fish while this rehabilitation is in progress. Tt is impossible to raise fish and to reconstruct a station of this kind at the same time. Either one or the other has to suffer, and in this case, to a certain extent, the propagation of the fish is the sufferer. I do not mean by this that the propagation work has been DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. 47 No. 21. abandoned altogether, as such is not the case, but tlie number of fi.h propagated and distributed will not in any way equal the num- ber when the hatchery is placed in full working order. I will first take up the construction work at this hatchery and • will then follow with the work at the hatchery. CONTRUCTION WORK. As soon as the frost was out of the ground, which would permit excavating, the construction work was started. This was about the first of April. , , , . i-« xr,,^ The grading and building of the bottom and banks of Dam Num- ber 5 was started and the contractor having the contract for the building of the new hatchery resumed his work. The hatchery, ac- cording to the agreement, should have been completed last November but owing to labor conditions and other conditions over which the contractor evidently had no control this was not accomplished. Dam Hnmber 5 was completed about the first of May and Dam Number 4 about June 1st. . , , ^ ^ j -n After Dams Number 4 and 5 were finished we started on Dam Number 6, moving the earth to the yard surrounding the dwelling house and stable. The grading was carried on at the same time and the driveway between the dwelling house and the stable was built. Drains were placed to carry off the waste water, this work being com- peted as far back as the new hatching house on July 1st. ibere was a drain five feet deep placed opposite the hatching ho"se and stable to carrj- off the waste water from the walls of the building. Vfter this was finished the two wooden pipe lines were laid from supply Dam Number 4. (The flume feeding the building and the aeries of concrete nursery ponds are to be built this summer) The one is a 6inch line to carry the spring water and the other a 10-inch line to carry the creek water. ^t x, o „„-i On August 1st the grading of the bottom of Dam Number 3 and building the banks was started but on account of the scarcity or labor this could not be completed as it was necessary to use the labor we had in laying two pipe lines from ^am Number 2 to the hatching building. One is a 4inch pipe which will be used to feed The batterv on the second floor of the hatchery and the other is a '>-inch iron pipe which will be used to sprinkle the lawn and as a "fire protection. The pipe lines are each 1,500 feet long and it was necessarv to lay them deep enough to guard against freezing. This was a verv difficult operation on account of the water and the stony nature of'the earth. A concrete foundation was built between the hatching hou.se and the stable, also a sewerage system for the new "The" Department asked for bids on the new ice and food house but as the bids received were entirely too high this work was done bv the employes of the Department. ' On November 1st the foundation was dug and the walls built for the ice and foodhouso. The building is a frame structure covered with stucco. The wood work was completed but owing to the cold weather the stucco had to be left until the coming spring The building, however, was used for storing ice. 4B REPORT OTP THE Off. Doc. HATCHERY WORK. As the new hatching building was not completed we had to con- tinue working in the old building, which was a frame structure and i!i very bad condition. Ah the weather was extremely cold the eggs did not hatch until tlie latter part of March and some in the fore part of April However t hoy hatched very nice and the young fish were exceedingly strong 1 he young fish remained with the sac attached until about the middle of May, at which time they commenced to swim up and feed The waler having warmed up a few degrees by this time the little fellows ATCW very rapidly during the month of June and thev were trans- 1 erred from the hatching building to the nursery ponds where thev /rrow very rapidly. During the latter part of Julv the water reached rji exceptionally high temperature, 77 to 79 degrees, and continued so for several weeks. This is entirely too warm for brook trout. J)uring 1914 and 15 the water reached practically the same tem- r.orature but only remained so for a few days and during that short length of time the little trout did very well. The warm water Feemed to affect the larger fry more than it did the smaller ones out as the weather grew cooler and the temperature of the water cropped the young trout regained their normal condition. There were placed in Dam Number 1. 10,000 one-year-old brook trout. Jhe water m this dam reached a temperature of 80 degrees, but as the dam is very large and has a larger fir w of water in it, also the fish being stronger, they remained very healthy and grew very rapidly. In the fall they were taken out for distribution During the coming summer we expect to liave the new nursery ponds completed and the water so arranged that we will not have the same experience as in former years 1 ^9 ^'ovember we received from the Trexler hatchery at Allentown l,aS2 ounces of green brook trout eggs, counting 445 eggs to the ounce These eggs were in very healthy condition when received and they have done very nicely. The water supplies and all other fixtures in the new building have come up to every expectation and I feel very proud of the Wayne County hatchery. It is a pleasure indeed to work in the hatcheries as they are now constructed. .i^^,^ ^xT* P^i^Pf^^ ^g^« were sent to Pleasant Mount from Con- ^^'\^^^^ ^^'^' -^P^^^ ^^^^' There wore three cases r^eived men they were received here they were re-iced, packed and sent to the TTnion City hatchery for hatching. ^^ ocul lu ^hl^ first yellow perch spawn was gathered on May 1st and sent to the Erie, Union City and Torro.dale hatcheries for hatching The total number of perch eggs gathered at this station was 132,600.000. Jount?^' ''^'''^ gathered from the different lakes throughout the In doinor this work the Department is able to save millions of eSs at'd'f\n'^^-''*^'7!r ^^ ^^^^^oyea. The collection of these eggs and the planting of the young fish infuses new blood which is we will be able to handle a great many more eggs the coming spring. No. 21. DEPART^IENT OF FISHERIES. 49 On account of the grading of the bottoms and building the banks of the bass ponds I was unable to do much with the propagation cf bass, sunfish or bullheads. I trust that my work during the past year has been satisfactory. T desire to extend my thanks to you and all connected with the De- partment for the many courtesies shown me and the hearty co- operation extended at all times. Very respectfully, G. W. BULLER. Superintenden t . Following is the distribution of fish from the Wayne County Hatchery for the year ending November 30, 1916 : TWO YEAR OLD BROOK TROUT. Carbon county, in'n^Q Luzerne county, ^ i no Wayne county ^7u!fi Busquehanna county, ikfifi Lackawanna county, \'^(!(i Lycoming county, ^^^ Northampton county, • ^^ Pike county, ^.^ ♦ ^^^ "^^ Total, 26,359 YEARLING BROOK TROUT. Carbon county, 2,400 Luzerne county, 7,200 Wayne county, . . . • ♦ 3,000 Northampton county, 5,100 Monroe county, 5,400 Total, 23,100 ADVANCED BROOK TROUT FRY. Bellefonte Fish Hatchery, ... Weissport Hatchery, . . . .^ . . . jLorai, ....•....••*.■.• . . ... .»».«- • • • • • • • • ••••••••••••• *.#-###-#♦,. #1 ♦-••»•■• • • • • • • • • • 120,000 20,186 140,186 ADVANCED BROWN TROUT FRY. Bellefonte Fish Hatchery, 4—21—1917 30,000 90 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. ADULT BLACK BASS. Beaver Meadow Reservoir, Bigelow Lake, Oak Lane Reservoir, Phila. County, Total, 525 350 30 905 ADULT BLUE GILL SUNFISH. Beaver Meadow Reservoir 300 SUMMARY. Two year old brook trout, 26 359 Yearling brook trout, ...!... 23100 Advanced brook trout fry, 140 'l86 Advanced brown trout fry, 30 000 Adult black bass, .....!!. '905 Adult blue gUl suMsh, ! ..'.!.*!*.!!.*!!!!; .* 300 *^*al, 220,850 REPORT OF THE CORRY HATCHERY. Corry, Pa., Nov. 30, 1916. Hon. N. R. Buller, Commissioner of Fisheries, Harrisburg, Pa. Sir:— I have the honor to submit my report covering the opera- tions of this hatchery from December 1st, 1915 to November 30th 1916. ' The eggs taken from the brown trout at the Corrv hatcherv amounted to 616,300.- j a cijr During the month of December I sent 13,200 eyed eggs to the Public Aquarium, Fairmont Park, Philadelphia, Pa. ; 100,000 to the Wayne County hatchery; and 200.000 to the Bellefonte hatchery. On the 12th of February I received 40,000 eved brown trout eggs from the Wayne County hatchery. These eggs 'originally came from New York State. The object of getting these eggs is* to have an infusion of new blood. When the eggs were hatched the fry were placed m the ponds and will be held for breeders. No 21 DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES During the month of November, 1916, there were 605,500 brown trout eggs taken. The fish from these eggs will be distributed in 1917. This concludes the spawn taking for this year, with the ex- ception of 126 females which as yet are not ready to spawn. There were 700,000 brook trout eggs in the hatchery which were sent from Colonel Harry C. Trcxler's hatchery at Allentown. These eggs were received in the green stage. On January 17th received 374,000 eyed brook trout eggs from the Hayes Creek Trout Hatchery. I shipped 150,000 of these eggs to Saranac Inn, and 150,000 to Bath, New York. These hatcheries are under the control of the New York State Conservation Commission. February 12th I received 50,000 eyed lake trout eggs from the Wayne County hatchery. The fish hatched from these eggs were held in the hatchery troughs until they were about three inches in length and then planted in Lake Erie. ^ I had some trouble in rearing the brown trout ; the fish became pop-eyed. This was prevalent in every pond. I attribute this to indigestion. We were surprisingly successful in the rearing of brook trout. All of the ponds, the flumes that connect the ponds, and also the troughs in both hatching houses were filled with fish. Owing to the over-crowded condition the fish required close and careful attention. It was necessary to begin shipping much earlier than usual in order to make room for the growing fisli. With one exception the consign- ments of fish were delivered in good condition. I received numer- ous letters of appreciation from parties who received fish. Owing to the large number of fish raised this year it will be necessary to carry a large number over till next spring. There were 1,504,000 minnows sent here from the Erie hatchery to be distributed to bass streams for food. Improvements made at the hatchery during the year are as fol- lows: Relaid about 2,000 feet of pipe line to series of ponds on the west end of the hatchery. Put over 100 loads of cinders on the drive- ways, and have a cinder path started from the hatchery to the dwell- ing house. Rebuilt the summer house and wood shed. Repaired the imrch at the old dwelling house. This building is in a dilapidated and dangerous condition and past repairing, and is an eye-sore to the hatchery grounds. Trimmed the trees along the road and on the grounds. Planted large hardy ferns around the dwelling and houses. I should like to speak of the large number of people who stop here during the summer. One frequently counts fifteen and twenty auto- mobiles parked at the entrance of the grounds. I want to express my hearty appreciation of the many courtesies and assistance received from you during the year which helped me niateriallv in mv work. Also wish to thank the office force for all courtesies extended. Respectfully, • A. G. BULLER^ Superintendent. 52 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. Following is the distribution of fish and eggs from the Corry Hatchery for the year ending November 30, 1916: BROOK TROUT, TWO YEAR OLD. Crawford county, Jefferson county, '. #••••#•••###•«••■•• •*••••••«•• Total, BROOK TROUT, YEARLING. Allegheny county, ...*... Bradford county, ,. ,.«.•..,...»......,.... Butler county, Crawford county, . . Cumberland county, Cameron county, . . . Clinton county, Clearfield county, . . Columbia county, . . Carbon county, Erie county, Elk county, , Forest county, .... Franklin county, . . . . • .... . . . . . .i, • .^ , • ^ ^. »^ ^ , .^^^^ ^^ Greene county, Jefferson county, Lycoming county, Lancaster county, . , , « , Lehigh county, Lackawanna county, .....••..,., .^♦♦.. ......»,<.,,,. . Luzerne county, . . . McKean county, Monroe county, . . . Northumberland county, . . ,,•.•....,*,...•,....•»,»... Northampton county, . Potter county, Pike county, Somerset county, Sullivan county, Susquehanna county, . Tioga county, Venango county, Wayne county, Warren county, Washington county, . ; Wyoming county, .... York county, ■ • • • • • # # • • •■ • • ••••'■••«# • • ♦ «. ♦ 12 200 212 800 11,210 550 8,700 10,500 27J50 42,125 21,300 15,300 11,000 21,550 23,450 6,850 5,000 500 6,200 49,050 5,250 600 900 46,700 42,350 7,800 1,875 13,650 72,075 7,450 3,000 1,150 3,400 29,980 7,550 2,850 24,700 2,200 9,650 2,200 Total, 547,165 No. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. Erie county, . . . Venango county, Total, BROWN TROUT, ADULT. 530 72 602 BROWN TROUT, TWO YEAR OLD. Crawford county, 12 BROWN TROUT, YEARLING. Butler county, .^. Crawford county, Clearfield county, . Cambria county, Clinton county, ...,,. Dauphin county, Elk county, • . . . Forest county, ....••. Jefferson county, . . . . . Luzerne county, .,.#.• Lycoming county, • • • • . Monroe county, . . Tioga county, Venango county, Warren county, Wayne county, ....... • # • • • • ••«••••• ■ •••••••••••••■• • • • • m • xoLaij . . • . • 5,200 8,250 7,200 1,500 3,000 1,050 300 1,500 1,400 3,000 1,500 3,600 560 6,150 1,500 400 • • • • 46,iia LAKE TROUT, YEARLING. Luzerne county, ...♦» Wyoming counl^, . «••••••••• • ■ *#»••••••••*•• •» • • •'• • • ( »•*»«»•• • • • • xOxai, ....••••• •••••*•»• • #••••••• • • • 8,150 3,000 11,150 LAKE TROUT, FINGERLINGS. Planted in Lake Erie, 48,000 MINNOWS. Bradford county, . . Cumberland county, Erie county. Luzerne county, . . . ......•.•• ...... •.••*•■.•••* 100,000 180,000 220,000 205,000 54 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. Lancaster county, 340,000 Schuylkill county, 55,000 Susquehanna county, 180,000 Tioga county, 54,000 Venango county, 30,000 Wyoming county, 90,000 York county, . T .' 50,000 Total," 1,504,000 BROOK TROUT EGGS, EYED. The Canadian Provincial Government at Toronto in ex- change, 1,000,000 New York Conservation Commissionj Saranack Inn, *N. Y., in exchange, 150^000 New York Conservation Commission, Bath, N. Y., in ex- change, 150,000 Total, 1,300,000 BROWN TROUT EGGS, EYED. Fairmount Park Aquarium, 13,200 Belief onte Hatchery,^^ *» fv. 200,000- Wayne County Hatchery, 100,000 Total, 313,200 SUMMARY. Brook Trout, two years old, . »♦ Brook Trout, yearlings, ......♦•••....•...♦,,•........ Brown Trout, adults, , • • , , Brown trout, two years old, ....,•... «... Brown Trout, yearlings, , ♦ L^aKe A rout, yearlings, •• • » # • • • • • •«•*•»•••••• Lake Trout, fingerlings, ......•,..*,.«,.,•*•. ^ «^* .••#«. Minnows, ......>..•.•..*....•:..»..,. Eyed Brook Trout eggs, , • , , , Eyed Brown Trout eggs, ; 212 547,163 602 It 46,110 11,150 48,000 1,504,000 1,300,000 313,200 Totnl • • • * . . . H.T 70,451 No. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES & BELLEFONTE HATCHERY. Bellefonte, Pa., November 30, 1916. Hon. N. R. Buller, Commissioner of Fisheries, Harrisburg, Pa. Sir: — The following is the annual report of the work at the Belle- fonte hatchery for the year ending November 30, 1916: The year opened with a nice supply of brook trout in the hatchery ponds ; also a fine supply of brown trout and two ponds of lake trout. The fish were all of a nice size and in the finest condition, ready to be shipped out. The trout ranged in length of from 3 J to 5 inches. The trout were of the proper size for planting and would afford great sport for the angler. The lake trout were sent to Harvey's lake for planting, where this species of trout seem to thrive. The Department has been stocking this lake for a number of years and reports show that good results are obtained. In my opinion the lake trout should never be planted in streams as they are not suited for such waters but are intended for large bodies of water, such as Harvev's lake. During the month of December I received from the Corry hatchery a sbipniont of brown trout eggs to be hatched at this station. I also received from the Hayes Creek trout hatchery a supply of brook trout eggs and from the Wayne County hatchery a supply of lake trout e^s^^, all to be hatched and reared at this station. The eggs were in the finest condition and by the middle of January they were all hatched out, the young fish being strong and healthy. The young fish started to feed about the middle of February and were growing in good stj^le. I had eighty-four troughs in the hatchery full and everything went along smoothly until about the last of March when the young fish stopped eating and sore throat set in. The result of tins (Epidemic of sore throat way that thousands of the fine young fish died. Both myself and assistants did everything in our power to save tlie fish, but to no avail. Acting on your suggestion that I run water from another spring into the troughs to watch results, I found that it did not help, the fish continued to die. Of course, no matter how careful you are it is impossible to prevent this loss when the sore throat gets among your fish. Three hundred thousand brook and brown trout were sent here from the Wayne county hatchery to fill the i>niHls and these fish did fine, showing no sign of any epidemic. By the first of September the young trout were ready for shipment, most of them being 4 inches long. This, in my opinion, is the proper size for stocking purposes. Streams should be stocked with trout during the months of September, October, November and December, if the w^eather permits. This will give the young trout a chance to become acclamated to their surroundings and when the trout season opens in the spring they will be ready for catching. Applicants re- ceiving trout should be very careful to plant them in suitable streams. 5Q REPORT OF THE Off Doc. Durino^ the year a new pipe line was laid from another spring to give a better supply of water for the ponds and troughs. Some ad- ditions were made to other ponds to give a larger flow of water and the grounds were kept up in the usual good condition. There are many improvements to be made at this hatchery to place it in first class condition. I want to express my appreciation of your hearty co-operation during the year. The distribution for the year from this hatchery follows: Respectfully submitted, W. F. HAAS, Superintendent. Following is the distribution of fish from the Bellefonte Hatchery for the year ending November 30, 1916: ••••«■•••••• • •##.. • ••##•• • #•••• ft. ••••#• •••••••••• BROOK TROUT, YEARLING. A^rims county, Allegheny county, Berks county, Blair county, Bradford county, Bucks county, . . . .^ , , • . Bedford county, Cambria county, Carbon county, v-'"ii ix tj coun uy , • •«•••••• •••••••■ • • • • • • • .••«■••••••••• Clearfield county, ..,,•. Clinton county, ..♦•*.*. vjOiumoia counxy, *.*..■.•••••.•.••••••••■•••«•••*•••• v^raW^ioru. LOUuxyf •..**•«••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Cumberland county, » Dauphin county, Delaware county, Elk county, Fayette county, Fulton county, k . . . . ^ Huntingdon county, Indiana county, , Jefferson county, Juniata county, Lancaster county, Lebanon county, : . . . . Lehigh county, Luzerne county, Lycoming county, Mifflin county, •••••••••• # • • • 1,500 2,400 6,900 28,200 6,000 9,300 8,700 33,000 300 65,900 6,500 57,300 43,000 17,700 600 57,000 7,800 2,700 8,700 7,200 6,300 3,300 12,600 7,200 1,800 6,300 13,500 300 4,800 57,000 21,600 12,600 No. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. 57 Montgomery county, 11,100 Northampton county, 3,300 Northumberland county, 19,800 Perry county, 1,800 Potter county, 37,800 Schuylkill county, 51,200 Snyder county, 900 Somerset county, 22,200 Sullivan county, 12,900 Tioga county, 6,000 Union county, 4,800 Wayne county, 31,500 Westmoreland county, 24,300 York county, 6,900 Total, 752,500 BROWN TROUT, YEARLING. Adams county, Berks county, Blair county, . Bradford county Bucks county, . Cambria county. Carbon county. Centre county, . Chester county, Clinton county, Cumberland county Dauphin county, . Delaware county, Erie county, Fayette county, . . Franklin county, Huntingdon county, Lackawanna county, Lebanon county, . . . Lehigh county, Luzerne county, . . . Montgomery county, Northampton count}^ Pike county, Schuylkill county, Somerset county, Sullivan county, . Wayne county, . . Westmoreland county Wyoming county, York county, . . . • • • ■ • • ••••• ji ••««••• ••• • •• •• • ••*• • • •••«##•#«••• •• •••• ••••••• • •••••••••••••••••••• •■•••• • •••••••••••••••••••■••••«« • •••••••••«••##•«#■•••••••• #••*••««••««••#«•«*«« **««•• • •••••••••••••■•••• •••••••• • •••••••••••••••••••••••••• • ••••••.•«•••••••••••••••• •• • ••••••••»•••••• 9#s^#« «••••• • •••••••••••••••••#9#«* •• •• • •• •••••••••••••••••••••«•• •••••••#•••*•••••*•• ••••• •• %-- • #4» #*##•#•-«:»• t: ;# * * « • • • • • • • • • •• • •#4V •»•#«#••••• • • •• • • • % • ■* • ••^•••^•tt* ■• • •• * i» « # • ^ • • ■ • •••••••••••••••••••••••••I • •••••••**•■••••••••••••••■ • •••••■■•••••••••■•■••••««1 ^••••••••••■•••••••■•■■••••l • ••••••••••«••••••■••••••«« *••••••••■••••■•••»•■•••••« • ■••••••••••••••••••••••••a • •■••■••••■••■•■••••••••••« • ••••••••••••••••••••■«•••« • •••••••■•••••••••••••••a 9 % • ••••••••••••••••••••••••«■ • •••••••••••••••••••••••••I • •••••••••••••••■•••••■■■■I • * » • • • • • » • 300 3,000 300 1,800 1,500 7,800 23,400 11,400 6.300 900 9,000 3,000 300 9,000 2,100 2,700 3,000 19,500 900 2,100 21,000 300 16,800 2,100 2,100 10,800 8,100 6,200 300 5,700 3,300 XOtctl, •*(>••■(••>•■•••••••••••••••••••(•••(«(,, XOVaUUv m REPORT OF THE BROOK TROUT, ADULT. Lancaster county, Off. Doc. 300 LAKE TROUT. Luzerne county, Wayne county, Total, 7,800 200 8,000 SUMMARY. Adult Brook Trout, 300 Yearling Brook Trout, 752,500 Yearling Brown Trout 185,000 Lake Brown Trout, 8,000 Total, 945,800 REPORT OF TORRESDALE HATCHERS Holm^^tt^ PMlaidpliia, Pa., November 30, 1916. •norable N. R. Buller, Commissioner of Fi^liries, Harrisburg, Penn'a. Dear Sir :— Following is the report of the Torresdale Hatchery ft>T the year beginning December 1, 1015 and ending November 30, 1916: About the middle of December the white-fish and lake herring eggs were received from the Erie Hatchery. The white-fish eggs were very nice and eyed up with very little loss. The herring eggs were not so good. On account of the water being so cold it was hard to work olf the dead eggs. After the eggs w^ere eyed up they were sent back to the Erie Hatchery, with the exception of a few of the hospital jars, which were hatched out at this hatchery. Following your directions some of the fry were planted in the Delaware River and some in the Susquehanna River. The yellow perch, as usual, started to spawn in the hatchery brood pond about the first of April. There was a nice lot of eggs collected from the brood fish ; also a great many collected by field work, which was done by us in the nearby streams and ponds. No. 21 DEPARTMENT OF FISHEUIES 9d The yellow perch eggs received from the Wayne Hatchery were very nice and hatched witli very little loss. On the whole there were more perch hatched and planted this year than ever before, at this hatchery, in any one season. The perch fry were mostly planted by the Department in the different streams and rivers in the south-east section of the State. The catches of yellow perch in the rivers and streams in this section of the State were better than they have been for a number of years. The pike-perch eggs were received and hatched. The fry were mostly shipped out on application; with the exception of one "plant" which was made by the Department in the Susquehanna River above McCalls Ferry Dam. All of the applications were filled. The blue pike were received from the Erie Hatchery and were hatched out with very little loss; the fry being shiped out on appli- cation. I w^ould suggest that another year, if the eggs collected per- mit, one or two "plants" be made in the upper Delaware River. On account of the cold w^ater in the Delaware River the shad were very slow to come up to spawn. The first shad eggs were collected on the evening of May 4th. After this the eggs came in very slow. The incubation of the eggs was about two weeks, while the eggs, under normal conditions, hatch in at least one week, in the early part of the spawning season. The consequence was that when the little shad fry hatched out they were in a w^eakened condition and some of them were not able to get out of the hatching jar. Those that were able to get out to the fry tank would pile up in bunches and smother one another. It was found that the only thing to do was to plant them in the river as soon as they were hatched. These conditions continued nearly all through the spawning period of the shad. Effort was made to collect every egg possible. Through the courtesy you extended*^ to me in sending Mr. William Buller, Field Superintendent, the oldest spawntaker in the State, to ass'ist in the shad work, I was able to reach out into new fields. ' In an efl'ort to collect more shad eggs, Mr. Buller was stationed on the Delaware River above Trenton Falls for a period of about three weeks and went from one fislierv to another and examined all the roe shad very closely. It w^as found that they were all very hard and nowhere near the spawning stage. The fishermen at New Hope took great interest in the collection of the shad eggs and in several instances took their nets and fished them in different parts of the river under the supervision of Mr Buller, for the purpose of finding the spaw^ning shad. In all cases the roe shad that were caught lacked about two weeks of the spawn- ing period. After it w^as found that we could not collect anv eggs in the upper Delaware, Mr. Buller was stationed at Bridgeton, N. J., on the Co- hansey River. There were some eggs collected there, but as the spawning season of the shad was nearly qv^ the eggs came in very bad. I think there could be some eggs coTlcted there early in the season, and would suggest that we station a man there early next season and try it, as it is closer the bay and I think the shad would spawn there earlier in the season than they would in the Delaware River here at Torresdale. 60 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. The only eggs we were able to collect from the Delaware River were from Bridesburg and Burlington. At all other places on the river it was found that the roe shad caught were hard and not ready- to spawn. A great many of the fishermen felt that the shad season would not be good, and that it would not pay them to rig out with a new net, therefore, as a whole there were not nearly so many fisher- men on the river as there were the year previous. The fishermen that did rig out with a new net caught as many shad, if not more, than they did the year before, and the prices of the fish being so high, they made more money than they did the year previous. It seemed that the scarcity of shad was due to the very cold water and the freshets in the river. As soon as the weather would get warm for a few days, and the water would begin to warm up a little, the shad would start to come up more plentiful. Then there would be a cold rain causing a freshet in the river and the shad that were already up the river would lay at the bottom and not move. It seemed •that these conditions lasted nearly all through the spawning season. After the shad work was finished the catfish work was taken up. The brood fish in the hatchery ponds were allowed to spawn natur- ally, and after the little fish were hatched they were cared for in the hatchery ponds. There were a great many eggs gathered from the flats or meadows along the river. The eggs were placed in the hatch- ing jars, and after the fish were hatched they were kept until they were about two weeks old, at which time part of them were placed back in the river, and part were placed in the hatchery fry ponds and kept until the fall of the year. The work of gathering the catfish eggs from the river is practically new; but so far as it has been carried on at this hatchery it has been very satisfactory and I would recommend that the work of gathering the catfish eggs from the river be carried on more exten- sively from year to year. By gathering these eggs and hatching them in the hatching jars, there can be thousands of the little fish hatched and planted in the river, where otherwise they would die or be de- voured by snakes and birds. The deinand for catfish for stocking purposes is growing more and more each year, for the reason that the people are just finding out what a fine food fish the catfish is. The catfish is a fish that grows ▼ery rapidly and will live and thrive in a great many places where other fish cannot exit. The catfish applications were all fitted with the exception of a few, which will be taken care of in the near future. The bluegill sunfish applications were all filled. The fish were all reared in the hatchery brood ponds. On account of the cold spring some of them were very late in spawning. The out-put was the largest that we have ever had from this hatchery in a single year. The fry in some of the ponds grew much faster than they did in others, on account of the natural food supply. There were one hun- dred and four (104) adjtil^ fish received from the Union City Hatch- ery. These were mixed V*tii the brood fish in the ponds to infuse new blood in the spawning fish. Several hundred bluegill sunfish which have been reared at this hatchery are held in the ponds. They \iill be two and one-half years old this spring and most of them should spawn. No. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. 61 The catches of sunfish through the summer months in the Dela- ware River were very good. More than one-half of the catches were of the bluegill variety. There were a large number of gold-fish reared at this hatchery nn 1 supplied mostly to the schools of Philadelphia. They were of the common variety. A good stock of the common fish have been re- tained in one of the ponds for brood fish. The frogs were shipped out as before, in the tadpole stage, or just at the time when their hind legs are commencing to come through. The brood frogs were allowed to go from one pond to another to deposit their spawn, and they spawned in nearly every pond on the hatchery grounds, with the exception of the one that had the calico bass in. It appeared that they knew that the bass would eat their young, so they did not go to this pond to spawn. Following your instructions, the adult calico bass were all shipped out. They took up a pond which we found could be used to much better advantage in the rearing of blue gill, sunfish and catfish. It was also found that some of them were bound to work their way through to the sunfish fry ponds, and in such cases would feed on the little sunfish. The general condition of the hatchery and brood fish is very good. The water last fall was very low on account of the long dry spell which lasted through the fall months. Some of the fish had to be trans- ferred from one pond to another to save them from dying. There were no fish lost on account of this drought, with the exception of some of the sturgeon, which had been collected from the river. The dead trees on the hatchery grounds were all grubbed out through the winter months and the ponds were all repaired and placed in good condition in the spring. The grass on the hatchery grounds was kept cut through the summer months and the hatchery was kept in good condition. There were a great many visitors here during the year and a great many classes from the different schools of Philadelphia visited the grounds. All the ponds were drawn off last fall and the fish taken out and sorted and the ponds cleaned. After this was done the brood fish were placed back in the ponds for spawning the following year. The •mailer fish were shipped out. The yacht "Anna," and the gilling skiff were put in first class con- dition in the spring for the work that was required of them in the gathering of eggs, and the distribution of fi-y. After the old hatching house was torn down there were eight small concrete ponds, about eight by twelve feet, built where the founda- tion formerly stood. These ponds add much to the appearance of the place, as they were filled with fish through the summer months. Theye were quite an attraction. There was a concrete well built in- side the foundation that was put up for the extension of the new hatching house for the purpose of pumping water from the perch ponds for use in the hatching of the shad eggs. There was a concrete sluice-way built at the perch pond, with two sets of screens in it so that the fish could not be drawn through. There was a six inch pi])e run on a level from the bottom of the well to the sluice-way. By doing this it gives us between three and four feet of water in the well. I recommend that there be an electric 11 \m m i REPoirr OF Tin: Off. Doc. pump installed and connected le the siip[)ly tank oi (lie second floor of the hatchery before the shad season next spring so that we can use the pond water instead of the river water for the hatching of shad eggs. . - An out-let pipe for the discharge of the hatchery was carried through to the intake of the new^ sedimentation basin, a distance oi about two hundred feet. All of the low and marshy ground in front of tlie hatchery, run- ning out to low water mark'^on the river, a distance of several hun- dred feet, has been filled up with dirt taken out of the sedimentation basin. By doing this it has given us a very nice frontage on the river and we are able to go clear out to low v.atcr mark, either at low or high tide. It wull also make a beautiful lawn on the riven- front, and there w^ould also be an opportunity to put in some foun- tains or shad fry ponds, if desired. After this filling was done the flag pole was taken down and set out a distance of several hundred feet in front of the hatchery on the river front, which can be seen for several miles from a boat on the river. There have been a number of ponds and inlets seined out for the purpose of removing the fish to other waters where they would have a chance to live. The inlet at the Torresdale Pumping Station was seined out. We were also requested, by the IMiiladelphia Bureau of Water, to help in the cleaning out of some frogs that had taken up their home in one of the watei- basins. At your direction a large seine was sent from the Wayne County Hatchery and a large number of the frogs were taken out and removed to the hatchery, most of them being shipped away. In closing my report I desire to thank you for the many courtesies and assistance you have given me in the past year. Very respectfully, J. E. BERKHOUS, Superintendent. Following is the distribution of fish and eggs from the Torresdale Hatchery for the year ending November 30, 1916: ADAMS COUNTY. Yearling sunfish, J,oOU Yearling catfish, ^^ ALLEGHENY COUNTY. Yearling catfish, 1^^ ARMSTRONG COUNTY. Yearling catfish, 100 No. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. BEAVER COUNTY. Yearling catfish, BEDFORD COUNTY. Yearling sunfish, Yearling catfish, »♦,•.,•... Pike Perch fry, •*•••«•••••«* • • • # « * • m 300 500 1,500 735,000 BERKS COUNTY. A dul t ca tfish , i^w Yearling catfish, , 1,300 Yearling sunfish, 11,300 Pike Perch fry, 105,000 Yellow Perch fry, 3,500^000 BLAIR COUNTY. Yearling catfish, " 1,300 Yearling sunfish, 1,500 BRADFORD COUNTY, «•••••• Yearling catfish, X earixng sunnsu, ••...•...••.••.•.......... ..*•••. . * . • • 1,000 BUCKS COUNTY. x earimg ca insn, «(«•##«##««•••#«««•••..(••••»•••••••• ^,\>uu Yearling sunfish, «•,•••«••.• ••• 12,000 x\.uUiL sunnsii, ....*«•«»•«###••••••«•«#•••••••••••••••• j.«ju Yellow Perch fry, ,.,.,..,....«••«•«•••••.•••••.•,*•«• 3,000,000 X aopoies, . . . . .. •#■##•«•«#•••••##••••■#•••••••••*•»•■ j-o,uvnj Pike Perch fry, ..•••••••«••«••••«•«•••••«•••••••••••• 945,000 lilue 1 ike try, . •«»•••* #» •••••••••••* •■♦ • • •#•••••••••••• Oa.d,uuu BUTLER COUNTY. Yearling catfish, ..*••♦ •*••••• v •• « 400 CAMBRIA COUNTY. Yearling catfish, 1,500 5 64 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. CARBON COUNTY. Yearling catfish, 700 Yearling sunfish, 2,000 Blue Pike fry, 105,000 Tadpoles, 1,000 CENTRE COUNTY. Adult catfish, 500 -I- vTctl 11x1 c^ K.€X Llloll, . . ## ^ ###)##•*#> . • • • • • • • . • • . . • . • #^ A 4) • % # it ^vrvf X llVC7 X "1 (.11 IIV, •••••••••*••##■#.••••••••••••••«####### ^^\j »\J\J\J CHESTER COUNTY. Yearling catfish, 1,000 Yearling sunfish, 9,900 Yellow Perch fry, 2,500,000 Pike Perch fry, 105,000 CLARION COUNTY. Yearling catfish, 100 CLEARFIELD COUNTY. X earimg ca lusn, ••■••••*•«•••••••••■*••■•••• Yearling sunfi^, *..*••• •••»••»•••••••••••• 1,000 300 CLINTON COUNTY. Adult catfish, . . . Yearling catfish. Yearling sunfish. • • • • # ♦ • • # ♦ ♦ ••••#■••• *•••»•• « . • # • • ###••«# # # » ♦ • • 250 200 2M0 CRAWFORD COUNTY. Adult catfish Yearling catfish, Yearling sunfish, Adult goldfish Yearling goldfish, Eels, Craw-fish, Terrapin, Frogs, 25 1,000 300 6 125 25 45 9 9 No. 21. DEPARTMENT OP FISHERIES CUMBERLAND COUNTY. m Yearling catfish. Yearling sunfish. 300 7,500 DAUPHIN COUNTY. Yearling sunfish, o.a aaa Pike Perch fry, ? 'aa^ Tadpoles, ^'"*^ DELAWARE COUNTY. Yearling catfish, ,,,...♦•♦.♦••♦#.»••••••••• .,..♦• o qaa Yearling sunfish, .«.**,,«.....••••.♦•••••••••••••••••• ^k aaa Pike Perch fry, ..*. i ^Ko Yellow Perch fry, l,500,Ui)U Yearling catfish. ELK COUNTY. 200 Yearling catfish, ERIE COUNTY. Yearling goldfish, • • • • •AYETTE COUNTY. #•••*•••••■•••* .......*•• 100 FRANKLIN COUNTY. Yearling catfish, •..•• Yearling sunfish, . . .♦•• Tadpoles, • • • # • #•«#•• #«•#••• »-•♦«•••••••• #•#••••• («»»....»....•••••• . . • • • 400 1,500 4,000 FULTON COUNTY. Yearling catfish, 200 GREENE COUNTY. Yearling catfish, 100 5—21—1917 08 REPORT OF THE Oflf. Doc. HUNTINGDON COUNTY. Yearling catfish, 500 Yearling sunfish, 500 INDIANA COUNTY. Yearling catfish, 1,200 Yearling sunfish, .^ .^ 300 JUNIATA COUNTY. Yearling catfish, 100 Yearling sunfish, 500 Yellow Perch fry, 500,000 LACKAWANNA COUNTY. Yearling catfish, 1,400 Yearling sunfish, 1,500 Blue Pike fry, 1,470,000 Yellow Perch fry, 500,000 LANCASTER COUNTY. Yearling catfish, 700 Yearling sunfish, 9,100 Yellow Perch fry, 4,500,000 Pike Perch fry, 315,000 LAWRENCE COUNTY. 700 LEBANON COUNTS Yearling catfish, •*♦••....,. 200 Yearling sunfish, ..•♦.....•• 1,500 Pike Perch fry, .••.....•...• 210,004) LEHIGH COUNTY. Yearling catfish, 100 Yearling sunfish, 1,000 Blue Pike fry, 315,000 Yellow Perch fry, 3,000,000 No. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. 67 LUZERNE COUNTY. Yearling catfish, 1»500 Yearling sunfish, 12,000 Adult calico bass, ^^^ Blue Pike fry, 945,000 LYCOMING COUNTY. Adult catfish, 250 Yearling catfish, 800 Yearling sunfish, 500 MERCER COUNTY. Tearling catfish, .,..»*«,..•.,••••••.•••. 700 MONROE COUNTY. Yearling catfish, . ••••••«••••»••••*••««• • • • ••••.••• * • ♦ 1,100 Yearling sunfish, ...•.»•*«•••»••«••••»•••«••••••••••• 3,000 Adult yellow perch, ••«••..••.•••••••••«•••*•••••••... 100 Yellow Perch fry, ......•, • • 1,000,000 Pike Perch fry, •%.•... 315,000 Blue Pike fry, . . .««*•*•••«•««••«•••• ♦ • ••♦«••••••••••# 315,000 MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Adult catfish, 2,485 Yearling catfish, 500 Yearling sunfish, 26,000 Adult sunfish, 180 Yellow Perch fry, 1,000,000 Tadpoles, 17,000 MONTOUR COUNTY. Yearling sunfish, 1,500 NORTHAMPTON COUNTY. Yearling catfish, 500 Yearling sunfish, 5,000 Yellow Perch fry, 3,000,000 Pike Perch fry, 105,000 Blue Pike fry, 105,000 68 REPORT OF THE NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY. Yearling catfish, Yearling catfish, Yearling sunfish, Blue Pike fry, . . PERRY COUNTY. Off. Doc. 100 500 500 105,000 * • • • <• # V • ###-•*#• ♦ #••»• « • • • » # » • • » • •••••• »•##•*••♦ # • #- • • PHILADELPHIA COUNTY. xxQUi L caxnsn, . •••«#»•#««•■,•••#«••«••• • • • ••••«•#••••« Yearling catfish. Adult sunfish, ... Yearling sunfish, ....».♦.,♦« Adult yellow perch, .*♦,.»,.. Adult suckers, ••••••••.. Adult calico bass, ....... Yearling goldfish, ..,..»,......♦....*..*•.•.......... River minnow% «•••»••«••«•»«•««••«••«• Sturgeon, ...•♦••••.•. PIKE COUNTY. • • • • Yearling catfish, ,«♦.♦.,•»«..♦•♦,. Yearling sunfish, ....'...,,,...♦.»..*.»♦» A iivtf X "1 (.11 iiy, •••••••••###«#«#«##•##### 3,036 20,000 352 35,000 803 4 7 3,330 500,000 100 ##•••••••••■••••■• 400 500 105,000 SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. Yearling catfish, 1,200 Yearling sunfish, 1,500 Yellow Perch fry, 1,500,000 Blue Pike fry, 315,000 Tfidpoles, 4,000 SNYDER COPNTY. Yearling catfish, Yearling sunfish, 200 500 SOMERSET COUNTY. X eanmg ca XiuS^ii, *•••..•■••.•■•■•••.•.....••> Yearling sunfish, • • • • « 500 4,000 No. 21 DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES SULLIVAN COUNTY. Yearling catfish, Yearling sunfish. 69 1,300 1,000 Yearling catfish, Yearling sunfish, SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY. 2,700 - 500 Yearling catfish, TIOGA COUNTY. ♦ «f * ♦ • # • « • * 300 Yearling catfish. Yearling sunfish. UNION COUNTY 300 800 Yearling catfish, Yearling sunfish. VENANGO COUNTY. « • • • • WARREN COUNTY. Adult catfish, .«••...••••••>•• ..•••. Yearling catfish, .........•••••••••••••••••♦••••••••• 200 300 260 100 WAYNE COUNTY. »»♦♦••••••• Yearling catfish, . Adult sunfish, #,••#♦#.••••••#•••••«• Adult yellow perch, .• Yearling goldfish, ... River minnows, Tadpoles, Frogs, •...••• . * • * #♦#♦#• • • ..••.«•# .#••• ...»..•• • # a • • • 500 100 100 300 18,000 4,300 2,000 WESTMORELAND COUNTY. Yearling catfish, 500 WYOMING COUNTY. Yearling catfish, Yearling sunfish. Blue Pike fry, . . 1,300 6,000 315,000 70 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. YORK COUNTY. Adult catfish, 500 Yearling catfish, 6^'^ Yearling snnfish, 5,000 Pike Perch fry, • 210,000 Tadpoles, .....,, 2,000 PLANTED IN DELAWARE RIVER. Adult catfish, 1,005 Yearling catfish, 3,800 Catfish fry, 75,000 Yearling sunfish, 5.600 PLANTED IN DELAWARE, SUSQUEHANNA AND SCHUYL- KILL RIVERS AND TRIBUTARIES. Yellow Perch fry, 54,000,000 Herring fry, ...* 12,000,000 Shad fry, 5,590,000 PLANTED IN SUSQUEHANNA RIVER. White fish fry, ♦ • • * 200,000 ERIE HATCHERY. White fish eggs, eyed, 972,000 Herring eggs, eyed, 14,140,000 •••■••••••••••# • * • < . »••»••••»*•••♦• ...«••* ft • ft * SUMMARY. Yearling catfish, Adult catfish, ....•• Oaxiisii iry, . . •>••••••«•••••••••••• Adult suntisii, . • • ••«#«•••»•»••••••••••••♦••♦••••••••• Yearling sunfish, ...••«•••••*••••••••••••••••••••*••• Yellow Perch fry, ..«•♦••#•».••*••••••«•.• Adult yellow perch, Eyed white fish eggs, White fish fry, Eyed herring eggs, Herring fry, Shad fry, " Blue Pike fry, Pike Perch fry, River minnows, Tadpoles, 60,600 8,461 75,000 782 180,300 79,500,000 1,003 972,000 200,000 14,140,000 12,000,000 5,590,000 5,015,000 4,515,000 18,100 46,300 No. 2t. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. 71 Yearling goldfish, ^'^^J Adult goldfish, • g^^ Calico bass, g Terrapin, ^ Sturgeon, ^,009 Frogs, ' 25 Eels, ^5 Craw-fish, ^ Adult suckers, Total, ....•.•.,.........*•*••....» 122,329,012 ERIE AUXILIARY HATCHERY. Union City, November 30, 1916. Hon. N. R. Buller, Commissioner of Fisheries, Harrisburg, Pa. gir-— Herewith is submitted my annual report of the operations of the Erie Auxiliary Hatchery at Union City for the year ending IJovember 30, 1916: -^u 4.u i. ^ The year beginning December lit, 1915. opened up with the bat- teries full of white fish and herring eggs, which had been shipped from the Erie hatchery earlier in the season. The white fish eggs were cleaned up and shipped back to the Erie hatchery in the eyed stage during the month of February. The herring eggs all turned White just before they were ready to eye up. They either were not fertile or else thev could not stand the shipping from Erie. During the months of April and May the batteries were again filled with pike-perch eggs received from Constania, New York, and Putin-Bay, Ohio ; muscallonge eggs received from the New York Con- servation Commission ; blue pike eggs received from the Erie hatchery ; vellow perch eggs from the Wayne County hatchery ; and those that we had collected from our own adult perch. These eggs were hatched and shipped in the fry stage with good success, except 8,000,000 pike perch eggs which were shipped from Putin-Bay, Ohio. They' were in bad shape when they arrived at the hatchery. After noting the good results accomplished the year before by restocking the lakes and streams with minnows, the work was again taken up, only on a much larger scale. In all about 623,500 adult minnows were distributed in the various lakes and streams through- out the state. Also, 41,995 adult perch were shipped during the earlv spring and fall. The bass work for the year was very successful after taking into consideration the scarcity of water during the most critical period. 72 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. At times it was impossible to get any water into the ponds at all. This was due to the city getting their water from the same source that the hatchery does. During the warm weather they were taking all the water and pumping some besides. Owing to the fact that the Department does not control the water supply at this station the work is made very uncertain. Early in the spring the bottoms of the bass fry ponds were treated with a solution of salt, which cleansed and purified them. The bass in the larger -ponds thrived better and grew a great deal faster than they did in the smaller ponds. Our largest pond, which will cover about two acres and run to the depth of eight feet at the breast, is situated at the lower end of the grounds. This gives it the benefit of all the water that goes through the place. The bass fry were put in this pond about the middle of June, and by the middle of September they had grown to the length of from four to six inches. This shows the necessity of large fry ponds and plenty of water controlled completely by the Department. We also had a nice lot of bluegill s*unfish and tadpoles for dis- tribution. The smallest of these are being held over for distribution in the spring. Following is the distribution for the Respectfully, G R. BULLER. Superintendent. Following Is fte distribution of Ish and eggs from the Erie Auxiliary hatchery for the year ending i^ovember 30, 1916: MUgCALLONGlE FRY. Armstrong county, 930O Crawford county, ....... 62,100 Erie county, 110^200 Lawrence county, ................»(, 24,800 Mercer county, 12,400 Venango county, 31.000 Total, ••.•.........,..,.....,..,.,,.,.,,.,, ^ ,, . 249.800 LAKE ERIE SUNFISH, ADULT. Blair county, ,^.^ 360 (Clearfield county, , ^^^ 220 Dauphin county \ , ' iqq Lycoming county, 4gQ Luzerne county, ^qq Snyder county, ,,[. , 100 Schuylkill county ! ! ! 300 Total, i^ No. 21. xVllegheny county, Erie county, Schuylkill county. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES, CRAPPIE, ADULT. Total, TS 100 450 200 750 Erie hatchery. WHITE FISH EGGS, EYED. 20,000,000 Total, LARGE MOUTH BASS, ADULT. Erie county, .... \yayne county, i*. 30 170 200 LARGE MOUTH BASS, YEARLING. Allegheny county, . . Butler county, Cumberland county, Crawford county, .. Dauphin county, p]rie county, . . Mercer county, Snyder county. . ......••♦•• • . • • Total, ... #-»-»~»~^ ■»-.-• ■•-.-• -.=-.^.. .♦■«.-.--' *. .. . • . » t^ .....•.•♦ 1,400 2,900 2,310 S,600 2,450 100 180 1.400 13,340 SMALL MOUTH BASS, ADULT. Erie county, ....... ..... .........•...•• 110 SMALL MOUTH BASS, YEARLINGS. Blair county, Bedford county, Bucks county, Bradford county, . . Centre county, Erie county, Huntingdon county, Lackawanna county, Lawrence county, . . Lycoming county, . . Mercer county ....♦(..•♦♦•#»•»•#••....••••*•••• . . . . ...#•.. 120 600 280 1,000 180 160 840 400 480 3,240 540 74 UKPORT OF THE Off. Doc. Montgomery county, 2 800 Northampton county, 2 800 Snyder county, l|050 Susquehanna county, 200 Wyoming county, 3^840 Total, ,., ..,.,, 18,530 BLUEGILL SUNPISH, ADULT. Philadelphia county, , , 150 Schuylkill county, 100 Wayne county, ^^ Total, 635 BLUEGILL SUNFISH, YEARLINGS. Allegheny county, 3,000 Butler county, 8,400 Cumberland county, 2,100 Dauphin county, 600 Franklin county, 4.800 Lackawanna county, 4,500 Lawrence county, 20,000 Total, 43,400 BLUE PIKE, FRY. Bedford county, 77^500 Bradford county, 154,000 Blair county, ......... ....................... 310,000 Lycoming county, 155,000 Snyder county, ...,. 201,000 Susquehanna county, 1,028,000 Union county, 77,500 Total. . ........ ......................... ^ ,, .^ . 2^003,000 MINNOWS, ADULT. Crawford county, 165,000 Butler county, ., ^,,. . . 140,000 Erie county, 285.000 Lycoming county, 30,000 Wayne county, 3 5qq Total, 623,500 No. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. TADPOLES. Bedford county, . . . . Blair county, Bradford county, . . Cumberland county, Huntingdon county, Susquehanna county, York county, Total, 73 3.000 1,500 6,000 1,500 1,500 3,000 1,500 .... ..... 18,000 .^._. . . PIKE PERCH, FRY. Bradford county, Bedford county, Blair county, Crawford county, .....•.•• Cumberland county, Centre county, Dauphin county, Erie county, Forest county, Franklin county, Huntingdon county, Juniata county, . .*^*^»^.^..a. Jefferson county, •.•••..... Lackawanna county, Luzerne county, Fivcoming county, .......... Montour county, Pike county, ......... Perry county, . . . Susquehanna county, . . Snyder county, Tioga county, . . . Union county, .....•..•.•»•« Venango county, . . . Wyoming county, ...•••... Warren county, .....••..« York county, ....*. . ...... . . It . .......■«••• ......... ............a. .......... ........ ..... ...... ............. • • • ............ .... ............... . . ..*...•••••»• . ... .. . . ..... . ." ....... • . . ■• . . . » . . . . • . Total, 765,000 360,000 385,000 270,000 495,000 270,000 270,000 360,000 108,000 180,000 216,000 90,000 45,000 180,000 467,000 810,000 135,000 405,000 243,000 527,000 162,000 162,000 108,000 108.000 154,000 108,000 270,000 7,653 000 Adams county, . . Allegheny county, Bedford county, . Butler county, YELLOW PERCH, ADLTLT. Bucks county, Bradford county, #*«•••••••••• S40 500 1,400 1,500 1,050 1,140 76 REPORT OF THE Blair county, Clearfield county, . . . Clinton county, Centre county, Cumberland county, Columbia county, . . . Cambria county, . . . . Crawford county, Dauphin county, . . . Erie county, Fulton county, Forest county, Franklin county, . . . . Huntingdon county, . Jefferson count}^, . . . Lycoming county, . . Luzerne county, . . ♦ , . Tjackawanna county, Monroe county, Montgomery county, . Northampton county, Philadelphia county, . Susquehanna county, Snyder county, ITnion county, Venango count j^.., Wayne county, Wyoming county, . . . York county, • # # ■ # • • • • • • • • • Total, Indiana county, YELLOW TERCH, FRY. •••#•••■#•• ♦ •■ ♦--# • • * AUvllclllcl COllII Ly , • • • • «###•••##•#«••#«*##*••######•( Lycoming county, ....•••«••....••««••••••.««•«••«• Luzerne county, Lackawanna county, . Northumberland counts Pike county, Sullivan county, Susquehanna county, Wayne county, Washington county, . . York county, Off. Doc. 900 2,640 2,140 480 1,130 150 1,600 700 900 2,710 120 500 500 360 1,230 1,690 4,360 1,260 850 700 1,110 1,125 YELLOW PERCH, YEARLINa 2,200 1,220 1,670 1,710 41,985 600 32,400,000 240,000 100,000 800,000 700,000 200,000 300,000 560,000 260,000 900,000 600,000 560,000 Total, 37,620,000 No. 21. DE5PARTMENT OF FISHERIES. 77 SUMMARY. Muscallonge fry, Adult Lake Erie sunfish, . . Adult crappie, Eyed white fish eggs, Adult large mouth bass, . . . Yearling large mouth bass, Adult small mouth bass, . . Yearling small mouth bass, Adult bluegill sunfish, Yearling bluegill sunfish, . . Blue pike fry, Adult minnows, Tadpoles, Pike perch fry, • , Adult yellow perch, . , Yearling yellow perch. Yellow perch fry, . . .*, • • • • • • • a » • c^ • • • « « ♦ • Total, 249,800 1,560 750 20,000,000 200 13,340 110 18,530 635 43,400 2,003,000 623,500 18,000 7,653,000 41,985 600 17,620,000 68,288,410 REPORT OF EHIE HATCHERY. Erie, Nov. 30, 1916. Hon. N. R. Buller, Commissioner of Fisheries, Harrisburg, Pa. Sir: — I herewith take pleasure in submitting my annual report for the year ending November 30, 1916 : I will state at the beginning that I have had a most successful year. Each year has its own peculiar drawbacks, and this year was no exception. Aside from these the output from this hatcheir was highly gratifying. The fourteen large enclosed aquariums on the second floor were completed in March and immediately put in operation. I dare say without dispute they are the finest set of aquariums to be found anywhere and attract hundreds of visitors daily. In addition to the fourteen large enclosed ones we have five fairly large size wall aquariums, and we are able to have continuously on display nearly all the native fish of Pennsylvania, also a few varieties of gold fish. In addition to the fish display I have personally made a large col- lection of rare and hardy plants, which ver^^ largely adds to the beauty of the place and makes an attraction of its own. Mr. Frank J. Neubaur, one of Erie's public-spirited citizens, paid a visit to the 78 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. hatchery recently, and upon leaving made some very complimentary remarks about the neatness and beauty of the institution. He in quired if I would accept a donation of his trophies, results of his skillful fishing at l*alni Beach, and his offer was accepted. The collection consisted of mounted amber-jack, weight when caught forty pounds, king-fish forty-two pounds, and sail-fish length seven feet. All are hung in place and make a very attractive showing. Many thanks are due Mr. Neubaur for his liberal donation. I started to draw seine in April for stock fish and to infuse new blood in various waters. This work was in charge of William Buller, Field Superintendent, and was very successfully carried to con- clusion by him. As fast as the fish were caught and brought in we shipped them to the Union City hatchery. The white fish and herring were late in beginning to hatch, nearly the middle of April, the latest ever recorded in my long years of ex- perience. This was due to the very late Spring. I made five ship- ments of white fish fry to tlie Game and Fish Department of Toronto, Ontario. They were shipped to Port Dover, Ontario, for planting in Lake Erie. The white fish eggs were all developed to the eye stage at the Union City hatchery and then brought to Erie. In Mny we filled the hatchery with yellow perch eggs from the Wayne County hatchery, as fine a lot of eggs as were ever handled. There was no loss to speak of during the hatching period. Owing to the backward and cold weather they had just started to hatch when the blue pike eggs came on. This necessitated the taking down of some of the jars that were hatching fairly fast and planting to give us the required jars to handle the blue pike eggs as they came. Of the blue pike eggs I must say that while no records were shattered for large number of eggs taken the quality of the eggs was far superior to any ever taken and a fine hatch resulted. The pike-perch eggs received from the Union City hatchery were close to the eye stage, so that no loss was encountered. Of the yellow perch, blue pike and pike-perch, many were used for interior stock* ing and the balance were planted in Presque Isle Bay and Lake Erie. Through the courtesy of Honorable A. Sheriff, Deputy Minister of Game and Fisheries, Toronto, Canada, we were enabled to get a fine supply of parent small mouth bass for breeding. These fish were taken from Long Point Bay and were handled with slight loss. The take of white fish eggs this Fall is below the average, when taking into consideration the larjre field we had to operate this ▼ear. In 1015 we took from one fishery 21,000,000 eggs, this year from ten fisheries only 52000.000 eggs. This was largely due to early and severe storms driving the fish oflF of the reefs too often during the spawning season and crippling the nets, and all the fishermen report that never before have they found so few ripe fislt and so many hard and unripe fish in the daily catches. This con* dition continued throughout the whole spawning season. We can not complain of a short season ; we had the longest ever, for we started to take eggs on October 30th, continued to December 6th, and if the ripe fish had been in proportion many more eggs would have been taken. No. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. 7d I The take of herring eggs this Fall is also a sore disappointment. We fell far below our average take. Not that they were not to be had— they were here tor us, but it was impossible to get the men. Wages everywhere are high and men were scarce. At no time could I get twenty men into the lake. I was fortunate enough to get fishermen with the exception of a few, so that what eggs we did get are A-1 quality. Eighty million this year against 200,000,000 last vear and others is quite a drop. The white fish and herrings eggs are distributed at the Erie, Union City and Torresdale hatcheries. Varieties and number will be found in the statement of the output. There was no work done on Presque Isle Peninsula the past year for lack of funds. As far as the work is advanced it is beginning to show results. Thousands of fish found their way into the restored waters last Hpring to spawn, and it is a fine watering place as well. Last June a large school of gar pike found their way into these waters. The boat's crew were sent to seine ^nd destroy as many as they could. In one days's seining eight hundred were caught and destroyed, which seemed to have driven them out for very few were found 'after that. These waters are fast becoming popular with the pleasure seekers, who are taking advantage of the beautiful ride through the heart of the Peninsula with the dense forest on both •sides, and it is to be hoped that funds will become available this coming summer to further advance this work for the good of the masses. , , . ^ v. The State Steamer "Commodore Pen-y" has reached a point where she will soon and very soon have to be cast aside or be rebuilt under a heavy expenditure. To rebuild her would mean the loss of her service for a whole summer, so it would be much cheaper to build a new boat complete, with a steel hull somewhat larger than the present, and equipped with machinery that would insure a speed of at least sixteen knots. At present most every fishing tug here can outstrip her. This should not be. For patrolling the State boat should be able to overtake any fishing steamer. The past year has been an expensive one for operation, owing to the increased cost of everything. Coal has doubled in price, as have nearly all ship supplies, so that we have had to curtail her running somewhat. The appropriation should be increased to keep pace with the increased costs, and a new boat forthcoming that will be a credit to this Commonwealth. Also, provision should be made to dredge a channel to and from the hatchery, so that we can get to and from with the State boat. As it is we have to engage a light draught boat to plant all fry for Lake Erie. This is an added expense that we could get rid of by the dredging of said channel. Last year we were fortunate enough to secure the free use of the gas tug "Mary A," through the courtesy of Mr. Martin Peterson. This enabled us to save the State |le35.00 planting cost. The State canal basins are also being sadly neglected for the want of dredging. If something is not done and soon the "Commodore l»erry" will not be able to get to or from her dock, as well as the entire fishing fleet in the west basin. From August 31st to September 2nd a fish exhibit was put on at Conneaut Lake for the Conneaut Lake Fair Association. From September 4th to the 8th the same exhibit was put on at the Exposi- m REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. tion Grounds, Conneaut Lake, for the convention of the Wild Life League. The revenue for license collection is below that of last year, due iu part to the light herring fishing during the summer season, which cut down the number of strange tugs from other ports. The change of the size of mesh in trap net cribs, which went into effect in August, 1916, also reduced the number of trap nets by at least 125. While this Js a small loss of revenue, it is hailed with delight by the ma- jority of fishermen, and is looked upon as an added protection to the small and immature fish, fish which are caught in this sort of net before they have become gravid for the first time. Only four- teen special carp fishing licenses were issued during the past year for Presque Isle Bay. The late cold Spring also had its effect on this fishing. The total of carp caught was 52,711 pounds, valued at $790.67. Some few of the men who follow carp fishing for the few months it is allowed seem to think that they should be allowed to fish both day and night, and all the year through, claiming there is n& money to be made just fishing from sunrise to sunset. There are too many arguments against night fishing to even consider it. If the carp are not plentiful enough to fish for during the day let us propagate some or close the fishing in the Bay for a time until they become more plentiful. The dangers of night fishing are too numerous to mention. In conclusion I wish to say that the hatchery asistants and boat's crew are to be commended for their loyalty and the efficient service they have rendered during the past year. ' I personally know there^ have been tempting offers of more wages held out to them all an^ they have refused to accept the proffers and leave. They have stood the test, so it is hoped they will not be forgotten if there are salary increases intended. I herewith extend my thanks to the Superintendents, Office Force, and Commissioner for their hearty support and co-operation during the past year. Respectfully submitted, PHIL. H. HARTMAN, Superintendent. Following is the distribution of fish and eggs from tte hatchery for the year ending November 30, 1916: SMALL MOUTH BASS, ADULT. Erie county, ^^^^^ Igg Wayne county, ....,.,.. 226 ' • * • •••••• 39o BLUE GILL SUNFISH, ADULT. Allegheny county j^^ Washington county, 200 *^®*^' 300 No. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. YELLOW PERCH. ADULT. Allegheny county. $i 400 YELLOW PERCH, FRY. • «#»««*•«»• • • • • • 320,000 80,000 160,00 560,000 120,000 600,000 Bedford county, Blair county, Butler county, Cambria county, •••«•••.. . . ..•••• Crawford county, /, .♦4*Mvi*i*^*^ Erie county (interior), ,,,»»♦. Erie county (Presque Isle Bay) 78.560,000 Greene county, • . • • 80,000 Lawrence county^ , 160,000 Mercer county, . • .« • . • . . • 80,000 Somerset county, 80,000 Westmoreland county, 200,000 Total, 81,000,000 WALL EYED PIKE, FRY. Armstrong county, * jjUi ler count V, ,.»»»»«•«»•••••••«............• Blair county, Bedford county, , . , Crawford county, . Erie county (Presque Isle Bay and Lake Erie), ........ Huntingdon county, Somerset county, v en an go coun i v , ..................................... W^tmoreland county, •.•••.•...,••••........••. 108,000 387,000 171,000 126.000 693.000 4,741 ,000 270.000 108.000 351 ,000 45,000 • ........•...•••.•*........•.■...•...•.• . • ■ jUUU.UUvr BLUE PTKB, WST. • • • • ••#«••• Beaver county, Erie county (Lake Erie), ...... .... • . • . • Washington county, ...... 80,000 ......111,196.000 ...... 80,000 ^ \j LdX, . . # V # m--w ..................................X-LJ. ,OtJvl,\/ vu WHITE FISH, FRY. Erie countv (Lake Erie) 18,972,000 Port Dover, Ont. (Lake Erie), 2,000,000 6—21—1917 82 REPORT OF THE Ofif. Doc. UEKKING, FRY. Erie county (Lake Erie), 123,032,000 LAKE MINNOWS. » Lake Erie **. * . . ..... 2,000,000 MUSCALLONGE, ADULT. Erie county, 12 BLUE PIKE EGGS, EYED. Union City hatchery, 2,000,000 Torresdale hatchery, 5,000.000 Total, • . • 7,000,000 ^ _ HERRING EGGS, GREEIL ^_ _^ Fairmount Park acquarium, » 606,000 Torresdale hatchery, 21,513,000 Union City hatchery, , 16,362,000 Erie " 4^ 62^ 000 Total, 81,103,000 WHITE FISH EGGS, GREEN. Fairmont Park acquarium, #•*.........,.»♦..... Erie, • • • • • • • • • ■••##•••#••.. J- vl let Xf «•#•## At* ##••#. .#••.. ##.•••«•..«#•# 2ie,000 . 15,120,000 . 37,116,000 . 52,4.52,000 HERRING EGGS, EYED. Constantia, N. Y., 4.888,000 The following eggs were received from other State Hatcheries : PIKE PERCH EGGS, EYED. Union City hatchery, 7,000,000 No. 21, DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES WHITE FISH EGGS, EYED. 83 Torresdale hatchery, 972,000 Union City hatchery, 20,000,000 Total, 20,972.000 HERRING EGGS, EYED. Torresdale hatchery, 14,140,000 YELLOW PERCH EGGS, GREEN. Wayne County hatchery, .....,,♦.«,...*.,.„.«,,.,.». 81,600,000 Eggs were collected at the following points in the Fall of 1916: HERRING EGGS. Port Maitland, Ontario, 4,040,000 '■^rie. •...«••.. .......................ii«........y. 4^^, 1 1 ,Uo»5,uUu Total, 81,103,000 WHITE FISH EGGS. Port Dover to Dunnville, Ontario, 52,452,000 SUMMARY. Adult small mouth bass, .•.....,...,,.,,«,...,.,,,,.,. 395 •••#•• Lake Minnows, Adult bluegill sunfish, . ^.•... ..,..♦•...,*........... . 300 Adult yellow perch, ....♦..........,..,»,,,.... 400 Yellow perch fry, ..•.>.♦....•...,».,.,.. 81,000,000 Wall eyed pike fry, •♦*••..,. 7,000,000 Blue pike fry, 111,356,000 White fish fry, 20,972,000 Herring fry, 123,932,000 Adult muscallonge, 12 Eyed blue pike eggs, 7,000,000 Green herring eggs 81,103,000 Green white fish eggs, 52,452,000 Eyed herring eggs 4,888,000 Total, 491 704,107 84 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. REPORT OF WILLIAM BULLER, FIELD SUPERINTENDENT. Florin, Pa., Nov. 30, 1916. Hon. N. R. Biiller, Commissioner of Fisheries, Harrisburg, Pa. Sir: — I have the honor to submit my report for the year ending November 30, 1916. My duties as Field Superintendent take me to all the hatcheries of the State and to the field operations on Lake Erie. The past year has been a very successful one in my opinion and excellent work has been done by the Department in saving millions of young fish by the collection of the eggs which would otherwise iiave been destroyed. During the month of December, 1915, I was at Abbottsville making an inspection of some ponds at that place, which the parties desired to stock with trout. After a thorough inspection of these ponds I found that they were not suitable for trout but would be excellent places in which to place sunfish, yellow perch and catfish. These fish would thrive in these waters and bring excellent results. I also went to White Haven to look after the brook trout eggs which the Department was to receive from that point. Part of my time was spent at the Corry hatchery in painting and doing other odd jobs at the hatchery. During the month of January I took several runs of fish to various parts of the State, working most of the time out of Corry and Erie. 1 started the installation of the aquariums at the Erie hatchery and secured a goodly supply of minnows to be used as bass food. During the month of February I continued working on the aquar- iums, finishing them on the 13th of the month. They make a very neat appearance and attract considerable attention from the resi- dents of the northwestern part of the State. Many school children with their teachers visit the Erie hatchery and make a study of the live fish which are kept therein. On February 14th I was called to Harrisburg to attend a meeting of the Superintendents. I returned to Corrv on Februan- 17th and from that date to the 13th of March r took several shipments of fish from the Corry hatchery to various parts of the State. From March 13th to the 23rd T was at Erie assisting the Superin- tendent at that hatcherv, returning to Corrv on the 23rd to assist at the hatchery, and remained at Corry for the balance of the month. During the month of April I worked at the Erie, Corry, and Union City hatcheries, collecting fish for distribution from Lake Erie. The following fish wei-e caught and s(Mit to ITnion City for distribution : yellow perch 35,586; large mouth bass 204;. muscallonge 91; calico bass 244 ; bluegill sunfish 1,731 ; Lake Erie sunflsh 1,787 ; and crappie 348. On April 9th I was at Union City and on the 10th, 11th, 12th, 14th and 15th we pulled the seine and had fairly good luck. On No. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. April 16th I went to Constantia, New York, with two men to collect pike-perch eggs. On the 15th day of May I w^ent to New Hope on the Delaware River to gather shad eggs. The following shad were taken: May 15th, 64; 16th, 62; 17th, 88; 18th, 23; and 19th, 15. Most of the shad taken were hard with one exception, which was a ripe fish. The eggs taken looked very fine and healthy but when we tried to hold them they commenced to die and they were planted the follow- ing day in the river. I think this was due to the low temperature of the water. The number of shad taken to date run about ninety per cent roe. The balance of the month I worked along the Delaware and its tributaries but was unable to secure very many ripe shad. The bucks seemed to be very scarce and when caught did not amount to much. I just want to cite here that on the 29th I drifted from 12 o'clock midnight to 5 a. m. and was able to secure but one roe shad. On June 1st I went to New Hope, starting w^ork at noon, and there were thirty-seven shad caught. On the 2nd I was able to secure only three shad and returned to Torresdale in the evening. On the 5th of June there were caught twenty-four roe shad. On the 6th I went to Milford to arrange for the taking of eggs there but the fishermen had quit fishing. On the 7th I fished below the Falls, thinking that probably we might be able to get some shad at that point. The river had raised during the night and we did not get anything. Went to Milford on the 8th but was not successful in getting any shad. The shad season in general was poor. During the balance of the year my time was divided among the Torresdale, Pleasant Mount, Corry and Erie hatcheries, most of it being spent at Pleasant Mount where I assisted in the erection of the aquariums, the painting of the interior of the hatchery, and assisted in the work in general at that station. Went to Canada in the early part of November to assist in the taking of white fish eggs. The white fish season also proved very unsuccessful as the fish seemed to be venr scarce. The field work in my opinion is one of the most important branches of the Department and I believe that it should be extended as much as possible and as many men employed as are necessary to properly collect the eggs of the various species of fish which if not collected would be destroyed. The Department saves annually many millions of young fish by going along the many streams and lakes and collect- ing the eggs which have been washed high and dry on the banks in times of high water. When the water recedes these eggs do not get back into the water but are left high and dry to be destroyed. The hatcheries at which I w^orked during the past year are in very fine condition, the men in charge keeping the appearance of the grounds and buildings up to the usual high standard established. T desire to thank you and the other employes of the Department for the hearty co-operation extended to me in my work as Field Superintendent. Very respectfully, WILLIAM BULLER, Field Superintendent. sd REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. POLLUTION The continued contamination of the streams of the Commonwealth has become so gieat and oi such importance that it is imperative that some ways and means for the preservation of the streams be found; not only to preserve the fish life contained in the streams, but to protect human life and animal life. This question has been under discussion for many years and this Department has been endeavoring to find some practical way to lemedy conditions, and it believes that it can safely say that it has accomplished much. It has been the desire of the Department to assist the manufacturers in their effort to prevent the contamination of the many beautiful streams of the State and has received, in most instances, the hearty support and co-operation of the manufacturers. In some cases, however, it has been necessary to use drastic means to bring about the desired results. On December 1st, 1915, a systematic stream survey was inaugn- rated by the Department and this work has progressed very satis- factorily, considering the small number of men available for this work. Since December 1st the following streams have been covered and reports covering the pollution and reports relating to the general fishing conditions of the streams sent to the office. The reports con- taining data on pollution have been taken up immediately with the parties reported as polluting the streams and in many cases the manufacturers have at once advised the Department that steps would be taken to further prevent the waste material from getting into the stream mentioned. The stream survey reports, containing data relating to the general conditions of the streams, will be put out for the information of the fishermen as soon as the data can be compiled. This, the Department believes, will be of much help to the people as it will show them where they may expect to find good fishing grounds and where the polluted streams may be found. If the thirtv men allowed bv law were available this work would pro- ceed more rapidly, but with the ten men now available this work is being pushed as rapidly as possible. It is hoped that the next Legislature will see the necessity of more men and appropriate sufficient funds for the employing of same. Following are the streams surveyed : Young w^oman\s creek ; Sinnemahoning creek and all tributaries; Broadhead creek and tributaries; all Lebanon county streams; parts of Monroe, Lehigh and Northampton counties; Susquehanna river and tributaries (from New York State line to the town of Susquehanna) ; Starrucca creek and tributaries; East and west branches of Lackawanna river, from source to Forest City; Tunkhannock creek and tributaries; Fishing creek in Columbia countj^; Middle creek; Nescopeck creek; Huntingdon and Wap- wallopen creeks; Catawissa and Tom Hickon creeks; Clarion river (entire length) and tributaries; Cocalico creek; Brandywine, French and Pickering creeks; all streams in Chester, Delaware and Berk** No. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. m counties; Pine creek and tributaries (to Jersey Shore) ; Tioga river and tributaries; all streams in Greene and Washington counties; Juniata river and tributaries; all streams in Huntingdon, Mifflin and Bedford counties; Slippery Rock creek; Raccoon creek (at Bur- gettstown) and Conedoginet creek. There have been 315 plants in- vestigated by the wardens and reports sent to the office covering each plant during the past year. This work will be continued until the entire State has been covered, at which time the Department expects to complete data on every stream in the State. The 315 plants re- ported represent approximately 500 cases of pollution. So many complaints were being made to the Governor and the Attorney General with reference to the contamination of the public streams of the State that it was decided to call a meeting of the manufacturers of the State, which included tanners, textile manu- facturers, dye works, chemical companies, steel w^orks, electric plants, nil works, paper manufacturers, mine owners together with the various sportmen's camps located throughout the State, farmers and everyone interested in the subject. A call was made by the Attorney (reneral of the Commonweatlh in the following manner: COMISTONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL HARRISBURG Nov. 24, 1916. Dear BiriT— T have called a meeting in the Sal! of tlie House of Representatives for Wednesday, November 29th, at 2.00 o'clock P. M., to consider the subject of the pollution of the streams of the Com- monweatlh, and the ways and means for the prevention thereof. You are earnestly requested to be present. I will appreciate your interest, and beg that you extend this in- vitation to any who may be interested in this subject. Yours very teuly, FRANCIS SHUNK BROWN. In response to the call made by the Attorney General there were IB attendance at the meeting on the 29th of November over 200 repre- sentatives including tanners, mine owners, textile manufacturers, sportsmen, farmers and representatives from practically every im- portant industrial establishment in the State. The transactions of the conference are given below in so far as thev relate to the work of this Department. ^ REPORT OF THE 2.00 O'CLOCK P. M. Off. Doc. CHAIRMAN, HON. FRANCIS SHUNK BROWN, ATTORNEY GENERAL. ATTORNEY GENERAL BROWN: Gentlemen, I have taken the liberty or rather assumed the privilege of calling together here today men from every section of this State to confer upon a subject which is of general and vital interest in this Commonwealth. When I assumed the position of Attorney General I found that there had been complaints made against certain interests and ac- tivities for the pollution of the waters of the State ; and I also found that the subject was involved in — I hardly know what to call it — pos- sibly not doubt, but with considerable difficulty. I received complaints >^hortly after my assumption of my office from those who complained that because of the pollution of these streams their cattle had been destroyed by the direct drinking of the water and by the overflowing of the streams the grass had been poisoned and the cattle had been killed by the eating of that. There were numerous complaints on the part of the sportsmen of the State, men who declared that because of this pollution the fish had been wantonly destroyed. I also, in looking up the subject, learned that in many directions the waters had been polluted, and when I say "polluted" I mean dis- colored. Into them had been emptied the flushings from different maDufacturing establishments which were harmful to the fish and which were harmful to the cattle. In the water, especially from the tanneries, the anthrax disease had been communicated to cattle which were destroved. I also found that verv manv of those so charged with these pollutions were large manufacturing establish* ments. establishments employing large bodies of men who were en» gaged in industrial pursuits which were vital to the welfare of thia Commonwealth. I found, for instance, complaint from the railroads that the waters were being so polluted that they could not get proper water for their engines. In fact, I have heard all manner of com- plaints and I have heard all manner of reasons why these complaints should not be heeded ; in other words, why these apparent pollutions muld not be corrected. I immediately got in touch with Mr. Buller, the Commissioner of Fisheries. It seems that the sportsmen had been most active in the number and in the vehemence of the complaints, and I requested him — this was early in this administration — to gather all the data possible in this Commonwealth upon the subject, locate the streams where these pollutions had occurred, and gather information as to the industrial establishments upon them; in other words, to get for me all information possible so that when it came to the intelligent consideration of the proposition I should have facts which would justify me in any conclusion that I might form. Now, I have also been in communication with our State Health Department upon the subject, and our State Livestock Sanitary Board and our Water No. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. 89 Supply Commission upon the same subject, to the end that if the waters of the Commonwealth are being polluted — can it be cor- rected? Can that condition be removed? If not, why not? It was a very easy matter, probably eas}^ from the procedure point of view, for me as Attorney General to start out to prosecute all manner of industries of our Commonwealth of maintaining public nuisances and probably in some cases convictions would have been had. But that, from a practical point of view, to my mind, reached me nowhere. It was not, to my way of thinking, the proper way to approach the subject and, to make a long stor}^ short, I found myself in such a condition of mind that I deemed it my duty in all fairness to all of those interested, manufacturers, sportsmen, farmers and, in fact, all of our people, to attempt to gather in this room or here at Harrisburg representative men who, by an interchange of view upon this subject, could aid me to do that which it is my duty to do, — adopt a course of action which is for the best interest of all of the people of this Commonwealth. Now, prompted bj' that motive or tliought I have asked you gentle- men here; in fact, I have sent out from 1,600 to 1,700 invitations to everyone whom Ithought could by any possibility have a direct interest in the proposition: Pennsylvania Conservation I^eague; Wild Life League; United Sportsmen Association; steam railroads of Pennsvlvania, dve works- woolen factories; hosierv mills, in fact, to all industrial establishments about which I could get any infor- mation. I gathered from each of these four Departments who could have to do witli this proposition, to-wit, the Health Department, Agriculture Department, Water Supply Commission and Fisheries Department, the names and address of all persons or interests which in any way had comnninicat(Kl with them directly or indirectly upon the subject. I sent an invitation to every newspaper in the State of Pennsylvania with the request that the widest publicity should he given that there would be a meeting here today; to all tanneries, chemical works, paper mills, explosive factories, iron and steel com- panies, graphite and sand works, refining companies, hat factories, Oificers of the State (Jrange and, in fact, to everj^one and every cor- poration and evei'y interest which I thought could in any- wise be involved in this proposition or interested thereby. Before I call upon anyone to speak I desire to express my appre* ciation of the attention that you gentlemen liave given the matter and for your attendance here toady; that you have come from your homes to do what I hope will be helpful in enabling me to come to ft conclusion which will be satisfactory and helpful to all our people. Now, my intention Is, — of course, tliis is just my tentative thought of conducting this meeting — my thought is that before we ask op before opportunity is given to representatives of these different in- terests and industries, that probably it would be well to learn from the officials of our Commonwealth what they have done, what they have done in the treatment of this subject, that is, the pollution of the waters of this Commonwealth^ and the view thev take thereof. 90 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. ADDRESS BY GOVERNOR MARTIN G. BRUMBAUGH. Mr. Brown and my fellow citizens: I want, first of all, to express my sincere gratitude that you have come here today, because I take it'that the purpose of your coming is to help the administration here in solving one of its*^ most important and far-reaching problems, namely, the health and well-being of the people of Pennsylvania. Now, in order that ^our conference may produce the largest possible good, I would suggest, if I may be permitted to make a suggestion here, that instead of coming in a spirit of defending or maintaining some position which you have held in regard to one or another of the aspects of this problem, that you come here as open hearted and openminded Pennsylvanians, to counsel for the largest good to the great Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. If you do that, whether you represent a fishing club, or a hunting club, or the councils of a city, or the board of administration of a great manufacturing estab- lishment, your interest in the Commonwealth will help you to solve this problem in the right way. We could, of course, go on, as Mr. Brown no doubt has said to you, and enforce this law at every point in the Commonwealth, but we felt that before we took such a step as that, it was only right and just that we should gather you to- gether and sit down in the spirit of fair minded men and work out, if we can, in a perfectly harmonious and satisfactory manner, the entire problem of water conservation and water purity in Pennsyl- vania. I realize quite as much as those of you who are here that with the growth of our industries there has necessarily come an increas- ingly difficult water problem in Pennsylvania. Nearly all industrial establishments must use water and the multiplication of industrial plants means multiplication of the consumption of water in the State, and the supply is substantially a static supply. Therefore this problem has become cumulative, and it has reached a point where we must all take due notice of its significance. First of all you have here what, I think we will agree, is the real fundamental problem, namely, the problem of providing potable water for the people of Pennsylvania, clean, wholesome water, for that lies at the very foundation of the health of our people, and there is no interest in Pennsylvania to be compared with the health of her people. Now, second to that, and it ought to be in perfect harmony with that, is the conservation and the promotion of our great indus- trial establishments in Pennsylvania, which are not only an important source of revenue to the Commonweatlh, but a vital element in the development and in the policy and life of the Commonweatlh. We want the manufacturing plants in Pennsylvania, we are glad they are here, and we want to encourage them and help them to become just as large and just as prosperous as their initiative and capital will make it possible for them to be, but it has come to our minds (hat it is easily within the great resources of our great industries to co-operate with us in keeping the waters of the Commonwealth clean and wholesome and healthful. Then there is, of course, the third problem represented here, that touches more people than you realize, for I have found when you No. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. n touch the fishing and hunting interests of Pennsylvania you have practically touched a large majority of the people in the State. We are all cranks, either with a fishing rod or a gun in our hands, at isome time in our lives. These people are coming here and are com- l)laining that the hunting and fishing are being destroyed by the polluting of our streams. This has been brought to our attention, and we want to have you join and help, in some way or other, the interests of some part of the population, to come here in a spirit of good will and co-operation and sit down like good Pennsylvanians, and plan out a programme of service that will conserve our indus- tries, give us the potable water that Dr. Dixon must have for the people of Pennsylvania, and that here and there in the Common- wealth they can sit some place and catch a fish sometime in the year. I am interested enough, I love the old Commonwealth enough to make that appeal for the restoration of some of its primitive con- ditions, for the rehabilitation of her forests, the cleansing of her streams and the making of her the clean and beautiful Common- wealth that she ought to be for our eight and one-half million people, and it is up to you men who are here today to join together and like good citizens work out this problem. I do not care how you work it out, just so you work it out for the good of Pennsylvama. ATTORNEY GENERAL BROWN : May I introduce Mr. Buller, Commissioner of Fisheries. COMMISSIONER BULLER : Mr. Chairman and fellow citizens : As Commissioner of Fisheries of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania the duties devolve upon me of enforcing Section 16 of the Act of May 1, 1909, P. L. 353. I am going to read this section: "That it shall be unlawful for any person to put or place in any waters within this Commonwealth, any electricity, or any explosive or poisonous substances whatever, or any drug or any poisoned bait, for the purpose of catching, taking, killing, or injuring fish; or to allow any dye-stuff, coal or gas tar, coal oil, saw dust, tan bark, eocculus indicus (othenvise known as fish berries), lime, vitriol, or any of the compounds thereof, refuse from gas-houses, oil-tanks, pipes, or vessels, or any deleterious, destructive, or poisonous substances Of any kind or character, to be turned into, or allowed to run, flow, wash, or be emptied into, any of the waters aforesaid, unless it is shown to the satisfaction of the Commissioner of Fisheries, or the f!0urt, that every reasonable and practicable means have been used to prevent the pollution of waters in question by the escape of deleterious substances. In the case of the pollution of waters by Bubstances known to be injurious to fishes or to fish food, it shall not be necessary to prove that such substances have actually caused the death of any particular fish : Provided, That nothing in this section shall prohibit the use of explosive for engineering purposes, when a written permit has been given thereof by the proper national, 92 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. state or municipal government. Any person violating any of the provisions of this section, shall, on conviction as provided in section twenty-seven of this act, be subject to a fine of one hundred dollars." On my assuming the duties of the office of Commissioner of Fisheries 1 found out the conditions my predecessor had to contend with; that the Legislature in creating the Department of Fisheries gave it certain duties to perform and made the appropriation to carry out these duties. It allowed the Department of Fisheries the appointment of thirty fish wardens for the purpose of patrolling all the streams of Pennsylvania for the violation of the fish laws and to make surveys of the places of pollution. It fixed the salaries of these wardens and then in its wisdom appropriated funds suf- ficient to employ regularly about ten men. These ten men of the Department of Fisheries were supposed to patrol and make report on all the streams of Pennsylvania ; and to carry out the legal end of it. For the two years beginning June 1st, 1911, and ending May 31st, 1913, the Legislature in its wisdom appropriated the sum of Ihree thousand dollars for le.Gal expenses; for the two years beginning June 1st, 1913, and ending May 31st, 1915, it appropriated the sum of three thousand dollars; for the two years beginning June 1st, 1915, and ending May 31st, 1917, the sum of one thousand dollars. Now, the question has often been asked the Department of Fish- eries, why are not more prosecutions brought to prevent the pollution and I merely brought this matter out so that you could see the force of men and the money that the De]>artment had at its com- mand for this branch of the service. Now, I am looking at the pollution of streams from the point of the fish culturist. Dr. Dixon has gone into the subject very lengthily and told you all about the commencement of the pollution of the sti*eams, so that I don't think that it is necessary for me to cover that. The Department felt up until this present administration that it had done all that was within its power to prevent the manufacturer from polluting the streams, with the means that it had at its com- mand. Under the present administration a new rule and regulation was formed. Shortlv after Attornev General Brown came to Harris- burg he called me over to his office and we consulted on these very subjects, and he asked the Department to get all the information that it was possible for it to collect and present it to him for his consideration, and the Department of Fisheries has had the few men that it has in its employ busy since December 1st, 1915, making a complete survey of the streams and the evidence is being submitted to the Attorney General for his consideration. In making this sur- vey the Department directs a warden to take up a certain stream and its tributaries, and he is expected to cover the stream and iU (^ributaries on foot and report to the Department on a pollution report furnished him, all industrial plants located upon the stream, whether they are polluting the stream or not, and he also sends to the office what is termed a stream survey report. On the pollution report is shown the name of the stream and the name of the com- pany located upon the stream. If the stream is polluted the name of the plant is given, name of the owners. Post Office address, nature of refuse, the estimated quantity per hour and per daVy and whether No. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. or not any steps have been taken to prevent the pollution of the stream. In this way the Department is able to get a complete report of every plant located upon the sti'eams. The stream survey report gives all data relative to the stream; that is, the depth, length, width, whether or not polluted, where it rises and empties, and much other valuable data. The following are the streams surveyed since December 1, 1915; Young Woman's Creek; Sinnamahoning and tributaries; Broadhead's Creeks and tributaries; all streams in Leb- anon County ; all streams in Monroe, Lehigh and Northampton Coun- ties except the Lehigh River, not yet completed ; Susquehanna River and tributaries (State line to the town of Susquehanna;) Starrucca Creek and tributaries ; East and West Branches of Lackawanna River from source to but not including the town of Forest City; Tunkhan- nock Creek and tributaries; Fishing Creek in Columbia County; Middle Creek and tributaries; Nescopeck Creek and tributaries; Huntingdon and Wapwallopen Creeks and tributaries; Catawissa and Tomhicken Creeks and tributaries; Clarion River and tributaries (not yet completed) ; Cocalico Creek (Berks County) and its tribu- taries; Brandywine Creek and tributaries; French and Pickering Creeks and tributaries; all streams in Chester County; all streams in Delaware County to tide water; all streams in Berks County (not yet completed) ; Pine Creek and tributaries down to Jersey Shore; Tioga River and tributaries; all streams in Greene and Washington Counties; Juniata River and tributaries; all streams in Huntingdon County (not yet completed); Slippery Rock Creek and tributaries; Raccoon Creek and tributaries; Conodoguinet Creek and tributaries. Wardens are at the present time engaged in taking samples of effluent from the following plants ; the samples are being analyzed as rapidly as they are received by the chemist at Harrisburg, referred to the Attorney General and prosecutions will be brought against the firms where the evidence warrants it: Eastler, Lesh and Company, iour plants; Johnsonburg and St. Marys, Elk County; Mt. Jewett, McKean County; Lock Haven, Clinton County; Penn Chemical Com- pany, Hutchins, McKean County; Wright Chemical Company, Glen Hazel, Elk County; M. J. Corbett & Company, St. Marys, Elk County; Elk Tanning Company, 16 plants; W. D. Byron & Sons, Inc., Mercersburg, Franklin County; C. A. Rippman's Sons, Millerstown, Perry County; Gaffney Wood Products Company, Galeton, Potter County; Cameron Powder Manufacturing Company, Emporium, Cameron County ; L. R. Gleason & Sons, Driftwood, Cameron County ; James Manufacturing Company, Kane, McKean County; Lacka- wanna, Straight Creek and Susquehanna Chemical Company, Straight, Elk County. Since taking up the stream survey work on December 1, 1915, the representatives of the Department of Fisheries have sent to the office of the Department reports covering 771 plants. Out of this number 371 have either installed filtration systems or are at work on filtra- tion systems to be installed at their plants. The remaining 400 will he notified by the Department as soon as the letters can be gotten but and the cases will be followed up to completion. In the work of surveying streams there have been nine men en- gaged at times when they are not occupied with other duties which they have to perform. H REPORT OF THE Off. Doo. The Department is gathering this data and in the prosecuting of firms and corporations, if it is necessary, it is guided entirely by the advice given it by the Attorney GeneraPs Department. The streams in Pennsylvania in the early days teemed with fishes and on account of the polluting of the streams by industrial estab- lishments, mines, municipalities,— as long as that continues and it cannot be remedied— you will find that the streams of Pennsylvania will cease to be inhabited by fish. It is absolutely essential to the life of fish to have pure water and pure streams, and you cannot have pure water and have the bottom of the streams in the shape that nature intended them unless these conditions are remedied, and I hope that through these conferences there will be some method found that will give the result that we are looking for. I am only speak- ing of the streams from the point of a fish culturist. You have heard what Dr. Dixon has said in regard to his Department, and in every instance the Department of Fisheries, before approving of any plan, will first consult with the Department of Health, to see whether it meets the requirements by that Department. ATTORNEY GENERAL BROWN : Are you willing to be interro- gated ? COMMISSIOI^EKBULLER: Certainly. ATTORNEY GENERAL BROWN: Are there any gentlemen present who desire to ask any questions? MR. LEES: The State says we must keep these acids and things from polluting the waters. I would like to ask the gentleman, in all their investigations they have made and examinations of the water, if they can give me a solution, either to recover or dispose of hydro- chloric and sulphuric acid, which to a proportion gets into the streams today. What is the method of disposing of them and keeping ft out of the water so that we will not have to put it into the streams? The State has made these investicrations, we are willing to comply, but we feel as though it is the State's duty, through their chemists, to tell us people how we are to dispose of it, how we can get these acids out of the water. Tf we cannot get them out what are we going to do with the water? You say we must not put it into the streams, which we want to try not to do, but how are we going to get them out, particularly these two acids? We will beonly too glad to find out how we can get them out. We don't want to put them in purposely, but how can we get it out before it goes into the streams? In the exhaustive tests of seven hundred samples at the plants that have been examined, what has been the result? I had a gentleman down at my plant. The State says we must do so and so. We are willing to do it, but how are we going to get it out? I am not a chemist; you have chemists employed in this business, and I would like to know how we will dispose of those two acids before we put them back into the creeks, streams or rivers, whichever it may be. We are willing to do this, but many of us don't know how to do it, and I doubt if there are many here who do know. We have no intention to disobey the law jit all, but what are we to do to get rid of it so that we will not disobey the law? No. 21, DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES m ATTORNEY GENERAL BROWN: Mr. Buller, are you able to tell? Have you any questions to ask Mr. Buller? MR. LEES: I have one more question to ask. Is it not a fact that acid in water, slight acid in water in a manufacturing plant, is beneficial to boilers, or anything that has to contain water, to avoid rust, to a certain extent, corrosion? COMMISSIONER BULLER: That question I am not able to answer but I can answer that it is injurious to fish in the stream. MR. JAMES B. SANSOM, Secretary, Wild Life League: I want to ask Mr. Buller two or three questions which, it seems to me, will in a general wav, meet some of the individual inquiries coming from citizens: Has the Department of Fisheries perfected a testing de- vice for the treatment of industrial wastes of the most common char- acter, such for instance as mine water, tannery refuse, dye stuft's, paper mill refuse and refuse of an acid character from steel mills? COMMISSIONER BITLLER: I refer you to Mr. Davis. DEPUTY ATTORNEY GENERAL DAVIS: Answering that ques- tion, which has been suggested by the question of the gentleman on the right, as to how this waste is going to be disposed of: I want to say, representing the Attorney General's Department, which is in touch with Mr. Buller, that the Commissioner of Fisheries has not presented to any manufacturer, or any polluter of streams, any par- ticular device. We are not saying how it is going to be done, and we are simply saying to you as far as your relation to the stream is concerned, "You are sick, see a physician," and in that case go to some man, some chemist or chemical engineer, and ask him to devise means for saving your byproduct to you and keeping it pure when it comes into the stream, or rather your elflnent. Th'^ Commissioner of Fisheries knows it can be done, but the Commissioner of Fisheries cannot recommend any device, because we are not urging any de- vice, all we want is results. Does that answer the question? MR. SANSOM: In a way. I am not here representing any manu facturer. I am here representing the largest body of individual sportsmen in the State. I would like to ask Mr. Buller if there has not been a device patented in his own name, a series of devices, for the treatment of these wastes? COMMISSIONER BULLER: Yollution reports on all owners of plants running polluted water into the creek. On December 7th I supervised the draining of Sanatoga Lake and transferred all the fish to a private pond of H. F. Swinehart until the No il, DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. Ill lake was cleaned, when the fish were again to be returned to the lake. On December 9th I investigated a complaint that some Italians had dynamited Valley Creek near Paoli, l*enna. I made a careful investigation and from the evidence I had I was sure I had the right parties. I arrested three men, the fourth having removed to another state. The man that had removed seemed to be the guilty man. The squire, believing the evidence of the defendants, discharged two of the men. I arrested and held one on |500 bail until December 18th at ten o'clock for final decision, when the squire seemed to show leniency on account of the age of the young man and dismissed the case. While I failed to convict these law breakers I personally know that it has had a good effect, as many of these foreigners were scared and have since burned their dip nets. The rest of the month was taken up in making inspections of pollu- tion in Lancaster and Berks Counties. I visited a number of places and sent in to the Department thirteen reports. In January my time was taken up in working on pollution on the East and West Branch of the Brandy wine Creek, Beaver Creek. Doe Run and Buck Run, as these streams are very much polluted from the large iron and steel plants and paper mills. Considerable time was consumed in collecting all the data as to just what was run into these streams. I made eighteen pollution reports on these streams. In February I worked on pollution and made a survey of the fol- lowing streams: Pickering Creek, Pine Creek, Pigeon Run, French Creek, South Branch of French Creek, Rock Run, and Scotch Run, which is a fine little trout stream. These streams are narrow but very long and run through an agricultural district. It took some time and hard work to make a thorough survey of these streams. I also made a survey of the Octoraro, Muddy Run, Buckside Run, Knight Run, anl Black Creek. Reported ten pollutions on these streams. In March I took up the remaining streams in Chester County and snrveved the following streams: Big Elk Creek, Branch of Big Elk, Little Elk, White Clay, West Branch of White Clay, Red Clay, West Branch of Red Clay, and Trout Run, reporting thirty-four pollutions. Manseirs Run and Vallev Creek are both fine trout streams. I sur- %'eyed Pigeon Creek and reported six pollutions, also the East Branch of Chester Creek, Chester Creek, Ridley Creek. Crumb Creek, and Darby Creek. On March 22nd I was called to the office to a meeting of the Com- missioner and all the Wardens. This meeting was of great interest as it was here that we were taught many things on pollution. We also received valuable instructions on the various filter plans. On March 27th I was directed to take up Delaware County as far as tidewater, when I made a survey of Darby and Crumb Creeks and reported on seventeen pollutions along these two streams. In April I took up the remaining streams in Delaware County as far as tidewater: Chester, Ridley, Crumb, Darby, Little Crumb, Hook and Cobb Creeks, and reported on forty-nine pollutions. On April 13th I was directed to go to Wernersville, Pa., to in- vestisrate a complaint, which I did, and made a report to the Depart- 8 112 BEPORT OF THE Off. Doc. meut. On April 19th I arrested Donato Troilo of Conshohocken for violating the fish law in the Schuylkill Kiver. On April 24th I investigated a complaint of a fyke net with wings having been set in the Delaware River at or near Point Pleasant. This net was taken from the water by a constable and the owner not located. On April 28th I was directed to investigate a complaint along Swamp Creek near Boyertown. I investigated the complaint and succeeded in arresting two men late at niglU for using layout lines. These men 1 gave chase for three miles until I landed them. Jn May I patrolled a number of streams in Montgomery and Bucks Counties. At Bristol, Pa., I investigated a complaint and arrested three men for violating the fish law. 1 also investigated a complaint of pollution on Crow Creek at King-of- Prussia, where carbide was run into the sti-eam, which killed all the fish in the creek from King- of -Prussia to the Schuylkill River, and made a full report to the Department. On May 26th larrested one man for Sunday fishing, also one un- naturalized man. On June 1st I patrolled a number of streams in Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery and Berks Counties. On June 8th I was called to Harrisburg to the olfice to a meeting of the Commissioner and wardens. This meeting was very beneficial. A great deal of my time in June was taken up in making a second visit to a number of places where I had previously reported on pollution. In July I patrolled a number of streams in Bucks County, Dela- ware County and Montgomery County, and made one arrest for illegal fishing. I was directed to visit a number of places where I had previously reported on pollution. I also supervised the in- stalling of a filter at the Pennsylvania Railroad Pumping Station at Howellville, Pa. This company constructed a very fine filter. The first two weeks in August my time was taken up with Warden Albert in looking up the plants that had made no arrangements to take care of their pollution in Phoenixville, Downingtown, Coates- ville, Modena, Adamstown and Denver. Eleven plants that had taken no steps to prevent the pollution from running into the streams were reported on. On August 21st I assisted in planting in the Perkiomen Creek 3,600 Oswego Bass and 2,500 Catfish. The remaining time I patrolled the streams. On August 26th I patrolled the Perkiomen Creek and found three men and two boys gigging illegally. On account of the small boys I did not arrest these men but took their names and upon their promise to appear when wanted I let them go. On September 5th I had a hearing of the three men I had arrested on August 26th. They had an attorney present and a number of character witnesses, who testified as to their character. The attor- ney insisted, after the defendants plead guilty, that the justice sus- pend sentence. I objected to this. Then the justice held the case over for advisement. On September 22nd I was called to Yardley, Bucks County, to in- vestigate a complaint that many fish had been killed by the pollution of the Cold Spring Bleaching and Finishing Works. I found fifty- No 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. 113 • seven dead fish floating on the stream below the works, and found upon inquiry that many dead fish had already been taken out of the stream. I made a pollution report at once and reported the matter to the Department. On October 3rd and 4th I investigated a complaint that many dead fish had come down the Schuylkill Canal and the Schuylkill River. I found that these fish had been killed by some pollution at Reading, or somewhere above Reading. As there is so much pollu- tion at Reading, and as there were no more dead fish on the stream J was unable to locate the exact place where the poison came from. On October 9th I arrested N. S. Wile, of Norristown, for having in his possession three short pickerel on July 14th, 1916, in Pike County, Pennsylvania. Mr. ^Yile paid the penalty of thirty dollars. On October 12th I was directed to make a survey of all the streams in Berks County and report on all pollutions. During Oc- tober I surveyed the following streams in Berks County : Sixpenny, Indian, Hay, Seidels. Allegania, Angelico, Wyomissing, Swatara, Northkill, Tulpehocken, Cocoosing and Spring Creeks, and reported eighteen pollutions. In November my time was taken up working on pollution in Berks County up until November loth, when I was called to the office at Harrisburg and instructed to go to Elk County and gather samples of polluted water and express it to the chemist at Harrisburg. This took up the remainder of the month. During the year I made a survey of the following streams for pollution: Brandywine Creek, East Branch of the Brandywine, Beaver Creek. Doe Run, Buck Run, Birch Run, Beaver Run, French Creek, South Branch of French Creek, Rock Run, Scotch Run, Pick- ering Creek, Pine Creek, Pigeon Run, Octoraro Creek, Knight Run, Muddy Run, West Branch of Octoraro Creek, Black Run, East and West^^Brach of Red Clay Creeks, Little Elk Creek, Big Elk Creek, Trout Run, North Branch of East Creek, West and East Branch of White Clav Creeks, Chester Creek, Ridley Creek, Crumb Creek, Darby Creek, IMgeon Creek, Valley Creek, Little Crumb Creek, Swamp Creek, Delaware River, Perkiomen Creek, Neshaminy Creek, Tohickon Creek, Sixpenny Creek, Hay Creek, Indian Creek, Seidels Creek, Allegania Creek, Angelico Creek, Wyomissing Creek, Tulpe- hocken Creek, Cocoosing Creek, Spring Creek, Cocalico Creek, Little Muddy Creek, Swarata Creek, Northkill Creek, Irish Creek, and Mill Creek. The following is a list of the various plants on which I made pollu- tion reports: Hat Factories 4, Hosiery Mills 13, Iron and Steel Mills 12, Paper Mills 17, Creameries 32, Street Railways 1, Saw Mills 22, Water Works 1, Graphite Mills 2, Gas and Electric Works 3, Knitting Mills 5, Mining Ore 1, Power House and Pumping Stations 18, Granite and Monument Works 1, Machine Companies 3, Gas Houses 3, Cider Mills 4, Stone and Lime Quarries 8, Ice Plants 2, W^oolen Mills 17, Plush Mills 5, Paint Works 1, Starch Mill 1, Chemi- cal Works 1, Carbide Light 1, Bleaching Works 1, Fertilizer Plants 1. ' 8—21—1917 U4 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. The following shows the number of arrests made during the year: Arrests, ^^ Convictions, 1^ Cases Pending, 2 The amount of fines imposed and paid for the use of the Common- wealth as prescribed by law: Fines Paid, |220 00 Pending from 1915, 40 00 Total Amount of Fines Paid, |260 00 Fines Pending, |100 00 In closing my report I wish to express my gratitude to the Com- missioner, the Chief Clerk, and everyone connected with the Depart- ment for their hearty co-operation and assistance in this work. I also wish to extend to you my most sincere thanks for the many courtesies received at your hands and the extremely useful advice you have given me in my work. Very respectfully, FRANK F. SAYLOR, Fish Warden. KEPORT OF WARDEN R. O. MclNTOSH. RMgway, Pa., Dec. 1, 1916. Hon. N. R. Buller, Commissioner of Fisheries, Harrisburg, Pa. Sir: — I have the honor to subiiilt ^e following ^^^^ort of my duties as a State Fish Warden, for the year ending November 30th, 1916. During the month of December, 1915, I was assigned to stream survey work on the Clarion River water shed. I continued the stream survey work during the winter months covering the following streams and reported the size and conditions of each stream to the Department of Fisheries: The Clarion River, Crooked Creek, Mid- dle Fork Creek, North Straight Creek, South Elk Creek, Straight Creek, South Straight Creek, East Toby Creek, Big Toby Creek, Little Toby Creek, West Mill Creek,*^ Big Mill Creek, Little Mill Creek, Elk Creek, North Elk Creek, Silver Creek, Little Silver Creek, Spring Creek, Maple Creek, Clear Creek, Little Clear Creek, No. 21, DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES 115 Millstone Creek, East Millstone Creek, Bear Creek, Five Mile Run, Seven Mile Run, Sw^amp Run, Instanter Run, Wilson Run, Hoffman Kun, Little Hoffman Run, Little Lannigan Run, Buck Run, Big Lannigan Run, Rocky Run, County Line Run, Smoky Run, Little Cisely Run, Big Cisely Run, Gallagher Run, Mill Run, Laurel Run, North Island Run, Island Run, Big Limestone Run, Linder Run, McAlister Run^ Brandy Camp Run, Bear Run, Mead Run, Rattle- snake Run, Snyder Run, Cemetery Run, West Clarion Run, Windfall Run, Toby Spring Run, Decker Run, Paine Run, Keyler Run, Little Limestone Run, Bear Eddy Run, Beech Bottom Run, Middletown Run, Philipsburg Run, Crow Run, Irvine Run, Little Run, Big Run, Hill Run, Pigeon Run, Hunter Run, Little Hunter Run, Little Hill Run, Johnson Run, Bel mouth Run, Dog Hollow Run, Silver Run, Scohonda Run, Iron Run, Mohan Run, Decker Run, Daguscahonda Run, Birch Run, Shelvey Run, Walburn Run, Laurel Run, Long Run, Castle Run, Nearing Run, Little Bear Run, Little Wolf Run, Wolf Run, Tambine Run, Oil Run, Dry Run, Powders Run, Johnson Run, Church Run, Metts Run, Maxwell Run, Bellevedier Run, Big Wolf Run, Wallace Run, Black Run, Sea ton Run, Barron Run, Rappy Run, Watson Run, Warner Run, Wagner Run, Pine Run, Two Mile Run, One Mile Run, Ruaghts Run, Huling Run, Bear Pen Run, Cherry Run, Pickenew Run, Trap Run, Truby Run, Callen Run, West Callen Run, Leeper Run, I'ayne Run, Daddlej^ Run, Cathers Run, Kahl Run, Troutman Run, Coleman Run, Brow^ns Run, Heferon, Run, Toms Run, Brush Run, Red Run, Twin Lick Run, Maple Run, Pigeon Run, Ninlack Run and Toony Run. I also patrolled the following streams; while investigating com- jdaints of illegal fishing: The Allegheny River at various points between the source and Franklin, Pa., the Shenango River between Clarksville bridge and Wheatland, Pa., the Casselman River near Confluence, Pa., French Creek from Meadville to Franklin, Pa., Kettle Creek at Cross Fork, Pa., Cross Fork Creek from McCoy's to Cross Fork, Hammersley Fork Creek from source to East Branch, Sinnamahoning Creek from source to Wharton, Pa., East Sinna- mnhouing Creek from Wharton to Conrad, Pa., Tionesta Creek from Kellettville to Tionesta, Pa., Hicks Run from source to mouth, Prouty Run from source to mouth, Elk Lick Run from source to mouth, Dunham Run from mouth to source, Durys Run from source to mouth, Borie Run from source to mouth, Crowley Run from source to mouth, and Mores Run from source to mouth. I have reported all pollutions on the above streams and in a number of cases filters have been installed to abate the pollution. During the trout season I spent considerable time on the trout streams, making several arrests for illegal trout fishing in Potter, Cameron and Elk Counties. During the bass season I investigated complaints on the Alle- gheny River and French Creek, arresting several offenders of the fish laws, and securing convictions in each case. It has been my duty in the past year to work in the following counties: Somerset, Venango, Butler, Lawrence, Mercer, Crawford, Forest, Jefferson, Clearfield, l*otter, Clinton, McKean, Warren, Clarion, Centre, Cameron, Elk, Erie and Armstrong, due to the 116 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. limited number of wardens employed by the Department of Fish- eries. I have not been assigned to any particular district. While patrolling the numerous streams in the various sections of the state I find miles and miles of pure, fresh, unpolluted moun- tain water, all of which are inhabited by millions of native fish, such as bass, pike, brown trout, sucliers, mullets and fall fish, also many other varieties too numerous to mention. ' Owing to high waters during the first part of the trout season the fishing was reported as poor, but the waters acted as a natural protection to the trout as very few were caught. The bass fishing on the Allegheny Kiver and French Creek was very good and many large fish were taken during the open season. During the past year it has been the pleasure of the Department of Fisheries to hold meetings, calling all the wardens together for the purpose of making them better acquainted with the workings of their Department and the various Departments of the Common- wealth with whom they must co-operate. These meetings prove to be very educational and beneficial as the men learn points that otherwise would not be brought out in studying their work alone. During the last year I have made eight arrests, securing five convictions, of which the fines paid into the State Treasurer amounted to one hundred and seventy dollars. I also destroyed a number of illegal devices used in violation of the law. Very respectfullj, R. O. McINTOSH. _Fish Warden. REPORT OF WARDEI^ K. A. WATSON, Slippery Rod^ Pa^ No¥, 3CV 1»16. Hon. N. R. Buller, Commissioner of Fisheries, Harrisburg, Pa. Sir: — I have the honor to submit this report of work done by me for the eight months ending November 30, 1916. While I did not find many violations strong enough to warrent my making any arrests, 1 feel I have accomplished much good for the Department in breaking up many violations, especially among bovs and some men who made a business of seining in our vicinity, also outsiders from cities and towns nearby. This district has mostly law-abiding people and when it is known there is a warden in the district, that of itself prevents many viola- tions from being perpetrated. No. 21. DBPAROMENT OF FISHERIES. U7 From April 3rd to April 14:th I was in the office at Harrisburg, with the exception of April 5th, when I went with Warden J. P. Albert to Boiling Springs and patrolled Yellow Breeches Creek and on April 13th and 14th patrolled Little and Big Green Springs. On April 15th I went to Allen town in company with Warden W. J. Acker and patrolled the following streams up to April 28th : Jordan Creek, Cedar Creek, Little Lehigh Creek, Big Lehigh Creek, and Soucon Creek, working on some of these streams night and day, and on April 29 th returned home from Allen town, Pennsylvania. From May 1st to the 18th I patrolled Slippery Rock Creek and its tributaries as follows: Patterson Run, John Kelly Run, Wolf Creek, Muddy Creek, Jacksville Run, Black Run, McMurry Run, Stonehouse Run, Chandler Run, Glade Run, Branchton Run, Taylor Run, Jemmison Run, Coaltown Run and Armstrong Run, and on May 19th went to Cambridge Springs and patrolled French Creek in the vicinity of Meadville, Edinboro Lake, and Cambridge Springs. On May 25th I returned home and on the 27th went to Mercer, Pa., to look after the refuse from that city, which was being dumped into the Neshannock Creek, which I had stopped. I also instructed a number of foreigners in regard to the Act of April 21, 1915, pro- hibiting unnaturalized foreign-born residents from fishing in this State, which did much good. On May 29th went to Sharon, Pa., and patrolled the Shenango River for three days and one night. I caught a boy with one bass out of season and under size, but did not arrest him as the Department does not wish to have boys arrested unless necessary, but I gave him a severe talking-to and made many friends for the Department and myself the way I used this boy and it did lots of good, as the news went all along the Shenango River that there was a warden patrolling the stream, and no more com- plaints reached the Department that fish were taken out of season or under size. I then returned home on June 3rd. On June 7th I went to Harrisburg, Pa., to the office and returned home June 10th. On June 12th I went to Oil City to assist Warden R. O. Mcintosh in patrolling the Allegheny River. On June 15th went from Oil City to Sharon to patrol the Shenango River On June 19th I returned home and patrolled Slippery Rock Creek and some of its tributaries for the remainder of the month. From July 1st to the 5th I patrolled Wolf Creek and its tribu- taries, and on July 5th went to Burgettstown, Washington County, to survey Raccoon Creek and all its tributaries. It took me thir- teen days to complete this work. I returned home on July 18th, and during the remainder of the month patrolled Slippery Rock Creek and some of its tributaries. On August 1st I was instructed to go to New Bethlehem, Clarion County, Pa., and determine if possible the cause of so many dead fish being in the Red Bank Creek at this place, and I placed the re- sponsibilit}'^ on the Four BBBB's Brewing Company of this place, sending a notice to the Department to that effect. I returned home from New Bethlehem on August 4:th, and on the 7th went to Tionesta, Forest County, to assist Warden R. O. Mcintosh in patrolling the Allegheny River for violators gigging game fish. We searched several boats and found no game fish but lots of suckers. On August J 0th returned home. On August 16th I went to New Castle to in- 118 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. vestigate and find if possible the cause of so many dead fish being in the Shenango River at this point; then went to Sharon, Ferrell, Clarksville, and Shenango Junction, and found that these fish had been killed by acid being let out from some of the large plants qlong the Shenango River, but could not determine which one. On August 18th I returned home and during the remainder of the month worked on pollution of the Slippery Rock and some of its tribu- taries. From September 1st to the 14th I work on pollution of the Slippery Rock Creek at Rose Point, Wurtemberg, Portersville, Harlansburg, and Princeton, Pa. On September 15th went to New Castle to trans- fer fish from Deer Creek, Lawrence County, to Slippery Rock Creek and Neshannock Creek, Lawrence County, and returned home on the J 7th. On September 18th I was instructed by the Department to Investigate and ascertain if possible the cause of so many dead fish being in the Youghiogheny River at Ohiopyle, which I did, and laid the blame on the Beggs and Cobbs Tannery nine miles up the river, and reported the same to the Department. The company agreed to put in a filter, one of the Albert & Buller filters which is recommended by the Department. On September 20th returned home and worked on pollution of the Slippery Rock Creek. From October 1st to the 6th I worked on the pollution of Slippery Rock Creek in the vicinity of North Washington, Pa. On October 7th went to Cherry Tree, Indiana County, to oversee the draining cf the Cherry Tree Machine Company's dam and the transplanting of the fish from this dam into Cush Cushion Creek, removing 3,200 fish in all; 3,000 sunfish, suckers and chubbs, and 200 catfish. On October 10th went from Cherry Tree to Pittsburgh and Sewickley, Pa., then to Indian Creek to look after the pollution of this stream. 1 found nothing very injurious to this stream, except the McFarland Lumber Company's plant at the lower end of the stream, which was polluting the stream and obstructing the fish way. I returned home October 14th. On the 18th went to Fayette City on complaint that there was some trapping of fish going on near that city on the Monongahela River. I found while there that the nets and traps had been removed and I returned home on October 20th. The remainder of the month I worked on pollution of the Slippery Rock Creek. On November 1st. by order of the Department, I went to Green- ville, Pa., to investigate the Silica Sand Company's plant, which was polluting the Shenango River, and found things very bad. I reported same to the Department of Fisheries and returned home the same da v. On the 8th I went to Indian Creek, Favette Countv, and investigated the McFarland Lumber Company's plant to see what they had done in the way of taking care of the refuse from their saw mill. I found that they had done nothing but they agreed to keep it out of the stream from then on. I returned home on the 0th and on the 11th w^ent to Tidioute, Pa., Warren County, to assist Game Warden Charles F. Emick. On November Ifitli I returned home and went to the office at Harrisburg. On November 18th went to Ridg- way. Elk County, to work on pollution from the Kistler, Lesh and Company's tannery at Mt. Jewett, McKean County; Penn Chemical Company at Hutchins, McKean County; and Kistler, Lesh & Corn- No 21, DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. 119 pany's tannery at elohnsonburg, Elk County. I returned home on November 20th, and the remainder of the month worked on pollution papers and making out my annual report. In tlie matter ot* pollution I find in nearly all cases the manufac- turers are willing to help bring about better conditions in the way of taking care of the refuse and not allow it to empty directly into the stream and they ask the Department of Fisheries' for advice on the matter. I realize that the Department of Fisheries is handicapped by not having a sufficient amount of money and wardens to carry on this work as it would like to, and I hope that the next Legislature will appropriate a sufficient amount of money to relieve this Department of some of its burden. I have tried to cover all points for the past eight months that seem to be of importance, and trust that this report is satisfactory. I also wish to thank you, your Chief Clerk, all the office force and all the wardens for the courtesies received at your hands while with this Department. \evj respectfully, ROY A. WATSON, Fish Warden. l^EPORT OF WARDEN W. J. ACKER. Allentown, Pa., Dec. 1st, 1916. ITon. N. B, Buller, Commissioner of Fisheries, Harrisburg, Pa Sir: — I again have the honor to submit for your consideration and which I hope will receive your approval, my annual report for the year ending November 30th, 1910. My work this year was largely on pollution. On December 1st I went to the office at Harrisburg to report on the pollution work done on the West Branch, Sinnemahoning, Bennets Branch and Driftwood Branch; 2nd, to Mauch Chunk, relative to the Penn Forest cases before Justice of the Peace J. Boyle; 8rd and 4th, to White Haven, Albrightsville, Carbon County, on two saw dust cases, regarding the installing of blowers to take care of tlieir saw dust; 5th, returned to Allentown, Lehigh County; ()th, to the office at Harrisburg on pollution; 7th, to Renovo, Gleason- ton, and North Bend, Clinton County, on Young Womans Creek and Pattys Run on pollution work and stream survey; 9th, to Westport, Clinton County, on Kettle Creek, to Bitumen Post Office relative to 120 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. the installation of mine filters by the Kettle Creek Mining Company, in the evening to Lock Haven; 10th, to Clinton County on Bald Eagle Creek, visiting the New York and Pennsylvania Paper Com- pany and the Kistler, Lesh and Company tannery; 11th, to Lock Haven visiting the Chemical Company, then to Harrisburg; 12th, 13th and Uth at the office on fish violation duty; 15th, to Allen- town, Lehigh County; 16th, to Wind Gap, Pen Argyl, and Bangor on McMichaels cases; in the evening on the Delaware to Easton on wing wall complaint, etc.; 17th, patrolled the Little Lehigh River looking for illegal dip-netters; 18th to the 23rd, at Strouds- burg, Monroe County, taking pollution census, and on the 24th at East Stroudsburg. From the 28th to the end of the month the following plants were visited: Aetna Explosives Company, Elk Tanning Company, DuPont Powder Company, and the Gleason tan- nery, all in Cameron County. From January 1st to 5th visited Shawmut Mining Company at St. Marvs, Elk County, Cascade Coal and Coke Company at Tyler, Clearfield County, and the Gleason Tannery at Medix Run; from the 6th to the 8th I made pollution reports, stream surveys, and prepared list of plants visited for the Attorney GeneraFs Depart- ment; on the 9th, Sunday night, patrolled the Little Lehigh River; from the 12th to the 15th visited the Kettle Creek Coal Mining Com- pany at Westport and the Scootac Mining Company at Mill Hall, in Clinton County; from tlie 15th to the 23rd my time was spent on pollution work and the following plants visited: National Silk Dyeing Company, Keystone Hide Company, both at Williamsport, Lycoming County, and the Armour Company, at Newberry, Lycoming County, also the Westport Iron and Nail Company at Butztown, Northampton County ; from the 24th to the end of the month I made stream surveys and took care of a saw dust case. From February 1st to 3rd, patrolled the Little Lehigh River, Soucon and Monocacy Creeks for illegal night fishing; from the 5th to the 8th took care of court cases; from the 9th to the end of the month made a pollution survey of Monroe, Northampton and Lehigh Counties. From March 1st to the ISth visited all manufacturers in Lebanon and Lebanon County, making a complete survey of the whole county; on the 21st attended a wardens- meeting at the office at Harris- burg; from the 25th to the 20th, investiq^ated the killing of fish in Swabian Creek, the pollution of Martins Creek, and visited the plant of Thomas Kitson Sons at Stroudsburg. From April 1st to the 10th worked on pollution and attended court. On the night of the 11th patrolled Green Spring Creek to- gether with Warden Watson, and from then on the 15th was engaged in night work at Newville, Cumberland County. From the 16th to the 30th patrolled streams in Lehicrh and Northampton Counties at night in company wnth Warden Watson, watching for illegal netters. From May 1st to 9th watched for illegal fishing in Monocacy and Soucony Creeks, and on the Oth arrested a gang for having 110 floaters and 159 set lines and outlines in Schoefers Mill Dam in Berks County. On the 10th inspected the Coke Works at Didre Post Office for pollution of the Soucony Creek. From the 11th to the 15th visited manufacturers at their request regarding the build- No 21, DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. 121 ing of filters, patrolled Soucony Creek for seining, and investigated the killing of fish in the Jordan River by acid; from the 16th to the 20th attended court and patrolled Monocacy Creek for night seining, etc. From the 21st to the end of the month attended to court matters and supervised the drawing and transferring of fish at Coopersburg, Lehigh County. From June 1st to 6th watched for illegal night fishing in the Soucon Creek, Northampton County, and in the Little Lehigh River, as per complaint. From the 7th to Oth attended a wardens' meet- ing at Harrisburg. From the 13th to the 16th in company with Warden Albert went to Kane, Pa., and visited the manufacturing plants in that vicinity with reference to the installation of filters. From the 17th to the 22nd visited mines, chemical companies, re- fineries and tanneries. On the 24:th went to Alburtis relative to the killing of fish in the Swabian Creek. On the 29th patrolled Soucon Creek in Northampton County. On the night of the 30th and the morning of July 1st watched bull-frogging near Lenharts at the request of the Fish Association. From July 1st to 4th I went to York, Littlestown and Perkiomen- ville, and on the 5th and Oth investigated the Little Lehigh Dam case. On the Oth and 10th I was engaged in pollution work. The 11th, 12th and 13th were spent in getting the Emaus Dam case ready. From the 14th to the 20th I patrolled the Buskill to Easton, had a meeting at Stroudsburg with a manufacturing company re- garding filters, and attended to court matters. On the 21st I started to visit the Northampton County plants for pollution. On the 23rd went up the Lehigh River and arrested two for outlining in a trout stream and on the 24th went to Pen Arg;\'l on pollution survey. The remainder of the month was spent with court matters. From August 1st to 18th my time was spent in pollution work, visiting Easton, Northnmpton County; Bowmanstown, Carbon Coun- ty; Emporium, Cameron County; DuHois, Clearfield County; Renovo and Lock Haven in ClinW>n County; Williamsport. Lycoming County; and Ralston, Lycomins: County. On August 19th went to Reading with Game Warden Shoemaker to investigate a dam being built by ^ a Railroad Company. The remainder of the month was spent in pollution work, visiting Berks, Lebanon, Lehigh and Northampton Counties. From September 1st to 7th my time was spent with court w^ork, and I also investigated complaints on the Delaware River and Lyon Creek; the 8th and Oth watched for night spearing in the Soucon Creek, Northampton County; from the lOth to the 13th I spent the time in court work; on the 14th I visited the dynamite works in I-ehigh County which were polluting the Jordan River; on the ISth and inth patrolled the Jordan River from source to mouth; from the 18th to the 26th T investigated a set net complaint, patrolled the Little Lehigh, the Bushkill and Soucony Creek. The 27th and 28th were spent in court work; also the 29th. From October 1st to 11th 1 went to Bowmanstown to a hearing, to Palmerton, Carbon County, on a complaint, and to Wind Gap, Northampton County, relative to illegal fishing. On the 12th went to Fire Line, Carbon County, relative to a complaint, and on the 13th and 14th to Palmerton, Carbon County, relative to foreigners 122 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. fishing and hunting illegally. On the 15th went to Krupps Hill, Bucks County, on the Dam case. From the 16th to the 24th 1 patrolled the following streams in Northampton County: Slate- fcrd, Martins Creek, Bushkill Creek, Allegheny Creek and some small runs. From the 26th to the 30th I investigated the cause for dead fish in the West Branch of the Susquehanna at Williamsport and Lock Haven. From November 1st to 3rd I was at Krupps Hill in reference TO a complaint, from the 4th to the 9th patrolled the Little Lehigh River and different Lehigh County streams, and on the 10th went to Emporium, Cameron County, in company with Warden Albert to take samples for analysis from the gun cotton and picric acid plants of an explosives company. On the 13th and 14th took samples at Lock Haven and visited the tannery at Gleasonton, both in Clinton County. On the 14th returned to Williamsport with reference to the dead fish in the West Branch. From the 15th to the 18th attended a meeting of the wardens at Harrisburg. From tlie 19th to the 26th, in company with Warden Albert, took samples from the manufac- turing plants on the Clarion River. On the 27th and 28th was at the office at Harrisburg, and on the 29th was in Lebanon on an appeal case in court. In my pollution work I have found that all manufacturing com- panies are beginning to see tliat they are the losers by allowing their waste to run away as there is an economic value in the refuse. When the work of inducing the diffei'ent manufacturers to try and keep their waste out of the streams was first taken up, they thought it could not be done, and that to compel them to do *» would work great hardsliip and expense with no practical results. Most of them now, however, are convinced that it is very little trouble to take care of their refuse and prevent it from getting into the streams, while on the other hand the waste could be turned into profit. The manufacturers have found that the money expended in the installation of the tanks, traps and filters which the Depart- ment have patented and of which it is giving plans to the manu- facturers, was well spent, and what was formerly allowed to run away as waste now brings in a revenue far exceeding the interest on the money expended. Tannery waste, such as lime, hair, fleshings and other refuse, can be sold for fertilizers. Acids from acid mills can be reclaimed. At chemical mills where heretofore all of the waste has gone into the streams, they now burn the tar and other wastes, thereby saving one- half of the fuel. At oil wells, by ditching and placing a barrel in the ground with a syphon attached, barrels of oil are saved yearly, all of which formerly went into the streams and was lost. At oil refineries, since some of them have installed purifiers, as high as nine barrels of oil have been saveany, on Huntingdon Creek. The mill was idle so I could not tell whether there was any pollution. I was there during the summer of 1916 and found no pollution. Their dam has since been carried away bv his^h water. February 19th to 22d patrolled Chillsquake Creek from Montandon, Northumberland County, to Jersey town, Columbia County. This stream is thirty miles long. March 13th and 14th was at South Pond, head waters Hunlocks Creek, but found no pollution, which had been reported from Sweet Valley. On the 24th was at Cryslin and showed Mr. G. B. Markle, Superintendent, that he made a big mistake in estimating the amount of water going through the tunnel from their mines. From April 5th to 15th was constantly on Fishing Creek and tributaries, but the streams were too high for the natives to catch trout. On the opening day for trout the streams were up to their banks and but few fishermen were out. The streams remained high until the 25th. On the 17th investigated a complaint against Watts & Gardner, saw mill, in Miifiin Township, but found no cause for action. On Mav first was ordered to McCalFs Ferry and arrived there on the second. Thirty shad were caught on this day. The season as a whole was a failure. The bucks were as large as the roes but sold from 75 cents to |1.25. The majority of the fishermen left be- fore the first of June. No Marjiand fishermen came above the line this year, w ith gill nets, as in previous years. I patrolled the islands but found no illegal devices. The fact that few shad were taken in 9 1!S REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. Southern waters and the Delaware River, convinced the fishermen at the dam that it was not through scarcity of shad that the season was a poor one. The season was very cold. The opening day of the bass season was also very cold and the river high. No bass or salmon were caught the first day. The season for the taking of shad closed on the 20th and on this day I went home and immediately started to investigate some com- plaints of illegal fishing which had come in during my absence. These complaints, however, were found to be groundless. On July 7th T went to see the tannery of J. Paskus & Son, Middleburg, Pa., and found things in bad shape, and so reported. On the 25th I started 'it Catawissa and followed the creek nine miles to Scotch Valley ("reek wliere I found a small mine of the Beaver Vallev Coal Com- pany, showed Mr. H. E. Kiefer, the Superintendent, the blueprint of the Albert & Buller filter and lie said lie would refer it to the company at Baltimore. I continued up the Catawissa Creek into Sichuylkill County to Zions Grove, where the Tomhicken Creek joins the Catawissa. The water from the mines of the Lehigh Valley Coal Company enters this stream through a tunnel f(nir miles from Zions Orove but contains no coal dirt. After leaving Zions Grove T followed the Catawissa Creek twelve miles to Honev Brook, wliere No. 485 mines of the Lehigh Valley Coal Comnany is situated, this is in Sclmvlkill Countv. The Beaver Brook ^liiie of Bodson & Con) pany is close by but is in Luzerne County. Visited tln^ mine on July 27tli and then went to Hazleton and saw Mr. Davis, General Manacrer of the Lehj>]] A'nll'^v Conl Company, and he referred me 1o Mr. F. M. Chase, President, Wi'^kes-T^arro, Pa. I was at Jedd^\ Harwood and Cranberry and found that the companies had done nothin^T toward abating the pollution and so reported to the De- partment. On August 10th was ordered to ship niT boat to the New York State line and to come down the North Branch of the RtisqiiehaTma Biver to Sunbury. On the 12th was ordered to assist Warden Edrjai W. Davis at Lake Winola. Was there from the 12th to the 17th, On this da^' went to Lanesboro and got the boat to the line. We left the^ on the 21st and made Great Bend that night. The river being very low we had to drag the boat over the riffles. Made Binghamton the following nis^ht and shipped the boat the followiiiflt day to Waverly. On the 23th hauled the boat to the State line at Athens Pa., and made Ulster that night. The next day we made Towanda, where Mr. Davis reoeived not ice to be at Wilkes-Barro to proRcrnte a case on appeal. On his return we made Rummerfield that night. We found the river working and but few people fishing. The can'TJs were nearly all deserted. We found a wire outJine at ^ camniiig place, but it was covered with green moss. We made Wyalusing on the 30th and Meslioppen on the 81st. On September l«t we reached Tunkhannock and it was here that we encountered tiie first rainstorm, and also found the first pollution which would kill fish, it being the tannery of the Tunkhannock Company. The refuse from this plant is run throucrh a filter and tlien through a riipe out into the river, which we found badly polluted. The man who looked after the filter said no alum had been used for a long time, a.-i the price had advanced from six to twenty-eight doljars a barrel No 21, DEPARTMENT o:^ FISHERIES 129 The Manager, Mr. Kiltridge, admitted this to us. Between here an'ontg.!'nery. Wirt, Karl F., Bloomsbur? Columbia. Withench , Charles E . Mauch Chunk t^arbon . Zaverl, Joseph, Ararat, i Susquehanna. CONCLUSION In eloHhiiT niv report I desire to extend to the members of tlie Board of Fishery Commission, the Siiperinieiideiits of the hatcheries, my Chief Clerk, office assistants and Wardens and all connected with the Department my sincere thanks and gratitude for tlieir hearty co-operation and assistance in the work of the Department during the %^ar just passed. It has been a real pleasure for me to be associated with yon and to work with you. Co-operation is very essential in the work of the Department and I aa pleased to be able to say that it has b^n extended to me ivom all. I mnst a^ln impr^s upon the members of the Legislature, and your Excellency, the importance of the work which we are endeavor- ing to do and to call your attention to the small amount of money which is appropriated to this Department for the traveling expenses of the Commissioner and the Board of Fishery Commission. This amount should be increased if the Board is to properly perform the many duties they are called upon to do. It has been impossible for me to call as many meetings as I desired owing to lack of funds. The members of the Board devote their time and labor to their work and sliould be at least compensated for their traveling expenses, as they serve witliout salary, I aim wish to extend to you my sincere thanks for the many courtesies and help I have received from you during the year wiiich have been a great help to me in the performance of my duties and to assure you that it will be my aim and desire to co-operate with you in every way possible. I^^ctful^ i^Witted, N. R. BULLER, Commissioner of Fisheries, No 21 DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES 133 FREE OR PUBLIC WATERS. Each year the number of inquiries grows greater and greater as the rights of fishermen to fish in the streams and waters of the State. The various acts passed by the Legislature on the subject of fishinir show that the policy of the Legislature was to allow fish- ing in all the waters of the State, and the Department of Fisheries is fullv in accord with this policy. The larger streams of the Commonwealth, such as lakes, rivers and creeks, have been decided to be public waters in the case of Coovert vs. O'Connor, 8 W. 470. The Court said : "All rivers, lakes and streams comprehended v.ithin the charter bounds of the province passed to William Benn in the same manner as the soil. In grnnts of tracts of vacant lands by him or his suc- cessors during the proprietory times, and by the Commonwealth >ince, streams not navigable, falling within the lines of a survey, were covered by it, and belong to the owners of the tract who might afterwards convey the body of the stream to one person, and the ad- joining lands to another. '(2 Pet. 64). When streams not navigable formed the boundary of such tract, the .grantee acquii'ed a title ad filnm anune. The Inrger rivers and principle strenms 1^ nature navign1)le belong to the Commonwealth as well as where there was no tide, as where the tide ebbed and flowed, contrary to the principles of common law, and of some of the State, in which, in all rivers and streams wliere the tides did not ebb and flow, the grant of land, with a bonnda^ on the stream extended ad filum aonae (Carson v. Blazer, 2 Binn 47Bt Shunk v. Schuylkill Navigation Company, 14 Sergt & Rawle 71).^^ In a case of Ball vs. Slack, 2 Wharton ^P>^. which case was elabor- ately argued nnd mucli considered. Judge Houston who delivered the opinion of the Court, lays it down as a settled principle in Penn- sylvania that when a grant or survey is bounded on a river or creek, it extends to that river or creek and (except in a case of large navigable streams), extends to the middle of the creek. Such being the law «ns Inid down by the Supreme Court it is evident that the Commonwealth cannot authorize public ii^hing without providing just compensation to the owners of such Innds. Judge Bittinger, presiding justice of York eounty, in n cnse of dommonwenlth vs. Baker, ia considering this matter of public streams, said: *^The several enactments by the Legislature show tlmt the policy of the Commonwealtli is in favor of public fisliii^g whoni'ver the right can be conferred without violation of tlie constitutiona' rights of tlie owner of the land." Tlii;-! is in exact accord ivilh the opinion of tlio Deiiariment of Fif'iU'' i''> r""'T)!"^sypd nbo^e. 134 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. That the Legislature claimed the right to bring the waters of the State within the use of the public 4s shown by the number of acts passed declaring streams to be public streams for navigable purposes, so that the streams might be used as highways by the citizens of the Commonwealth in spite of the claims of the owners of the adjacent lands that they own the whole stream. Many of these acts are over a century old and by their unopposed usage can no longer be attacked. As early as April 8, 1867, the Legislature passed an act "that Lake Pleasant in the County of Erie, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the outlet of said lake, to French Creek, be and the same are hereby declared forever a public highway, open and free to all the people of said Commonwealth for fishing, navigation, and all purposes whatsoever." It will be noticed in this act that the waters are declared open for fishing, and this seems to be the first of the decided act of the Legislature that it was the intention of the Legislature to secure for the citizens the right to take fish which forms an important article of food. IntheAct of May 1, 1909, the Legislature, in Section 19, pre- scribes the duties of the Commissioner of Fisheries in making free distribution, or the planting of fish, produced by the State fish hatcheries. After providing for various waters it goes on to say: "Fourth. To the waters whose owners are non-resident and un- known, or who by habit and custom permit the public to fish therein." The section then goes on that when fish are planted in any of the waters mentioned in the section that "during the open season for game or food fish, the owner, lessee w occupant of the real estate, through which or over which, the stream so stocked with game or food fish shall pass, or the owner, lessee, or occupant of the bank of any natural lake or pond so stocked with game or food fish, shall hereafter not have the authority to forbid fishing along the banks or in the said stream or waters." Here comes in the constitutional provision that no property shall be taken without due authority of law, and to meet this constitu- tional I'equirement the act in question goes on to say: "Provided further, That all persons fishing on or over th<* land of others by virtue of tho proviRiot) thereof shnll be liable for all damage they may cnu-^e durlnf; s^T^h oc^iipntion." He^o it is seen that the LegiRlnture provides a requirement that meets th^ constitutioTinl provision. Thorn are no streams or waters in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in which for a century m more the citizens of the Commonwealth did not have free access for fishing, and tbo^^foTo iji^^ nrnnirpd <^ ri'^^ht by usage. Judge Bittinger, in the opinion quoted above, speaking of the rights of the defendant, said that the defendant was entitled to fish in the stream in question, the stream having been used by the public for fishing purposes for fifty years and therefore had acquired the right to fish in the stream by usage. The Department of Fisheries was organized by the Legislature for the purpose of rostorkirg tho wators of the State and causing them to add to +bo food nrodi' t'^ of tho Commonwonlth. Tf the public are to be debarred from fishing in those waters then the fish are for the benefit of only a favored few who own the land bordering the No '21, DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES 135 waters, and the very paramount subject of the law to furnish a food supply for the poorest of the State's inhabitants would be to feed it. There is a tendency to organize associations in the State who take up by lease or purchase, hundreds of thousands of acres of land as private preserves and strive to debar the public from fishing thereon. That they cannot do so is fully the opinion of the Depart- ment, because, as said above, the public had acquired the right to fish in these waters through usage, and that any damage done to the property of the owners of the land bordering the waters can be recovered against the offender. In cases where the individual farmers have posted their lands it' has been found in the large majority of cases that by the usage of tact and the dissemination of opinion in regard to the value of fishing, the farmer can be brought to see the rights of others to fish in the streams, while at the same time they respect his rights. Much of this feeling in regard to trespass is due to the fact that there are a number of people in a community who have no regard for the rights of others. They seem to think that they can do anything and when they go to fish they can trample on a man's crops, break down his fences and leave his stock escape to the roads. Thus it is that the large majority of people who are well meaning and believe in the Golden Rule have to suffer for the faults of a few. This is no new complaint, but dates back for centuries. In an old "Tretyse of Fishing With the Angle,'' a writer older than Izaak Walton, gives good advice: "Take good hede that in going about your disportes ye open no man's gates but that ye shet them again." That advice is as good today as it was in the good old days before our forefathers had come hither from England. The happiest communities are those where the inhabitants dwell in harmony, and if evevy one will heed the good advice of the old angler given above, and respect the rights of the farmer, as he ex- pects, that the farmer respect his rights, the Department thinks the problem of free streams will be quickly settled, and when anybodj wishes a string of fish from the restocked streams of Pennsylvania, he only need go to the stream-side, cast in his line, and soon a meal will be in his creel or on his string. The Legislature has, since its organization, and prior to the adop* tion of the constitution of 1874, passed numerous acts declaring certain rivers, creeks and streams, or parts thereof, public streams or highways, for the purpose of navigation. These acts, as re- marked above, show that the Legislature claims the right to itself to pass laws giving the public the right to use the streams as high- ways, in spite of the fact of the ownership of the bed of the streams by private ownership. In 1890, Frederick J. Geiger, Esq., of the Philadelphia Bar, prepared for the Pennsylvania Fish Protective Association, a list of these various acts declaring streams, etc., public highways, and this list is herewith published as a matter of gteiieral information at this time. KKPUKT (JF THE Off. Doc. TABLE. DATE OF THE ACT, UIVER OR STREAM DECLARED A PUBLIC HIGHWAY. A. 1798. March 21. Rec'd Law Allegheny River, from the mouth thereof to the Book No. VI, p. 24.5 1807, March 4. Rec'd Law Book No. X, p. 443, P. L. 42. 1873, AprU 2. P. L. 480, •■•••# boundary of the State, so much of, in the counties of Potter and McKean as lies southwardly of the north line of the State. Amis creek, in the township of Taylor, in the county of Centre, from Mount Pleasant, on the Tyrone and Clearfield railroad, to the sawmill oi" John Copenhaver, in said township, for the passage of logs. Analomink river. See Broadhead's Creek.* 1813, March 26. L«w Book' Anderson's creek. See Little Anderson's creek XIV, p. 1, P. L. 139. 1854, May 5. P. L. 560. . 1S22, April 1. P. L. 117, 1871, May 4. P. L. 553, 1171, March 9. V, p. 401. Rec'd A V^. **in the county of Clearfield, from the mouth thereof ten miles up to the same. Andrew's run, in Pittsfield township, warren county. Auchwick creek, in the counties of Huntin:;don and Bedford, from the mouth thereof to John wade's mm. Babb*s crrek. See Pine creek, second fork of, in the countv of Tioga (acts 4 April, 1^4, and 7 February, I860), Bailey's iron, in Wharton township. Potter county, from its mouth, at the Sinnamahoning, to the county line, a distance of about ten miles. Bald Eagle stream, as far up as Spring creek. Wn, March 4. Rec'd IjB.w Book Bald Eagle creek, in Centre County, all that part " " "" ~ - — ^ yf situate and lying between Milesburg and ' Joseph Williams' land, a distance of about eight miles . from Joseph Williams' saw-mill to the mouth of Laurel run. Ko. X, p. 4«, P. h, m, l^, Apiril I, P. L. 117, ... 1^, March 25. P. L. 281. Bear creek, in the county of Elk, from its Jttn©* tion with the Clarion river, for one mile up said creek . Bea%'er Creek, in the county of Cambria, from the mouth to Killbuck creek. 19&^ Ajpni 14. P. Jj. 419, ..»*: Beaver Dam branch of Moshanuon creek, in I»e j cntur township, Clearfield county, from its nioulh I to where Con! run empties into said Beaver Dam branch. See Beaver Dam run. *The art of 'A April, 1820, roo'd in Law Book No. XXI, p. 515, provides for the erection of a bridu** over "Analomink river, also called Broadhead's creek, at or near Stroudsburg." **The act of 27 March, 1819, repeals the act "passed the 13th day t>f >L'n eh IHU. declaring Anderson's creek, in Clearfield County, a public highway." There ai»i)eui8 to be no act of 13th March, 1813. No 21 DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES 137 TABLE— Continued. DATE OF THE ACT, RIVER OR STREAM DECI>ARED A PUBLIC HIGHWAY. la^O, March 25. 1844, April 30. 1S64, March 17, P. L. ^1, Beaver Dam creek, in the county of Cambria, from the mouth to the place where the town- ship road crosses it. P. L. ftU, .... P. L. 54, .... 1863, April 14. P. L. 419, .... Beaver Dam run, in the county of Clearfield. Beaver Dam run, one of the upper tributaries of the Moshannon creek, in the county of Cleartield, from its mouth to the sources thereof. Beaver run, in Decatur township, Clearfield county, from its mouth to the miU now owned by John Cuttle. 1829, March 7. Rec'd Law Book! Beaver run, in Lycoming county, from the mouth No. XXI, p. 479, P. L. 60. 1 thereof up to the copper works. 1815, iVIarch 4. RecM Law Book Beech creek, in the county of Centre, from its mouth to Eddy Lick, No. XV, p. 129, P. L. 05. 1845, April lO. P. L. 475, 1860, April 8. P. L. 617, 1818, March 23. Rec'd I^w Book, No. XVII, p. 116, P. J**^^.-- ^. -^ ^^^-^ --.----^ nm, April 3. Rec'd Law Book No. IV, p. 317. 1793, March 6. Rec'd Law Book No. V, p. 55. 17^, March 21. Rec'd Law Book No. VI, p. 2^. Beech creek, from Jacob Gratz's saw-mill, near where the turnpike road from Bellefonte to Karthaus crosses the same, to its mouth. Bell's run, in Ceres township, McKean county, from the mouth thereof six miles up said stream. Bennett's branch of the Sinnamahoning, in the county of Clearfield, from the mouth thereof JUJL to the Beaver Dams, fto called. - Big or Poco Poco creek, in Northampton county, from the month to ttio falls thereof, from the falls thereof, inclusive, up to Jan Sherbantje's mill dam. Big Beaver creek, from the mouth to the first fork, in the Seventh district of Donation land. 1827, March 2. Rec'd Law Book, Big Brokenstraw creek, from the second fork of No. XX, p. Ml, P. I*. 57. said creek, in Warren county, to the New York State Line, a distance of about fifteen miles, 1820, March &0. Rec'd Law Big Bushkill creek, in the county of Pike, from Book No. XXI, p. 510, P, L», 10^. the mouth of said creek to the fells, nttue the fifteen mile pond. M1.3, March 29. Rec'd Law Big Cnnnoquenessin? creek, from the town of But- Book No. XIV, p. 74, P. Ij. ler, in the county of Butler, to its confluonee 2S$. with Big Beaver creek, in the county of Beaver. 1815, March 4. Rec'd Law Book Big Cattawissa creek, in the county of Luzerne No. XV, p. 129, P. L. 65. !^» February 13. P. L. tf, .. from its confluencf^ with Littlr^ Cattawissa creek, up to Andrew Gilbert's sawmill. Big Equinunk creek, in the county of Wayne, from Alexander Lanthin's mill, to the month of said creek, where it empties into the Dola- ware river, for the passing of logs, lumber and rafts . 1804, April 3. Rec'd Law Book Big Fishing creek, in the county of Northumber- No. X, p. 18, P. L. 474. land, from the mouth of Little Fishing creek, up to .Jonathan Colly's mill. 1830, January 23. P. L. 30, .. Big Hickory cre«'k, from its month to the Warren I county line. 138 REPORT OF THE TABLE— Continued. Off. Doc. No. 21. DATE OB' THE ACT, 1808, March 21. Rec'd Law Book No. XI, p. 201, P. L. 92. 1835, April 13. P. L. 212. .... 1849, AprU lU. P. L. 629, ....! 1860, March 7. P. L. 116, .. 1855, March 27. P. L. 133, .... 1836, March 26. Rec'd Law Book No. XIII, p. 536. RIVER OR STREAM DECLARED A PUBLIC HIGHWAY. 1831, April 2. P. L. 371, .... 1833, March 30. P. L. 109, .... Big Mahoning creek, from its confluence with the Allegheny river, in Armstrong county, up said creek to the mouth of Canoe creek, in Indiana county. in Jetferson county, from the mouth of Canoe creek to the forks of Stump creek, in said county . Big Mill creek, in the county of Elk, from its mouth to a point two miles up said creek. Big Mill creek, from the saw-mill of Thomas Hall, on said creek, in the county of Jefferson, to the mouth of said creek, in Clarion county. Big run, from the residence of William Bests, in Young township, Jefferson county, to the mouth of same, where it empties into the Big Mahoning creek. Big Sandy creek, from its confluence with the Alle- gheny river up to where the State road leading from the town ^ Mercer to Meadville, crosses the same. Big Schuylkill. See Schuylkifl. Big Sugar creek, in Venango county, from the mouth thereof, and up the said stream, as far as the mouth of Proper's run. from Goodwin's mill, in Venango county, to proper's Forks, in Crawford county. Birds creek* utaries. lioyalsock creek and its trib- 1813, March 26. Rec'd I^w Book No, XUI, p. 537, P. L. 1828, April 14. Rec'd I^w Book No. XXI, p. 407. 1829, March 7. Rec'd Law Book No. XXI, p. 479, P. L. 60. B. F. Id, 4ff9, .... 1849, April 10. P. L. 629, .... t 1813, March ». Rec^d Law Book No. XIV, p. 1, P. L. 186 1815, March 1. Rec'd Law Book No. XV, p. 127, P. L. 62. 1829, March 30, Rec'd Law Book No. XXI, p. 510, P. L. 109. 1832, May 3. P. L. 430. 1832, May 3. P. L. 430. Blacklick (Black Lick) creek, in the county of Indiana, from Charles Campbell's mill to its mouth. from Charles Campbell's mill dam up to tht mouth of Two Lick creek as far as the mill no-ff occupied by Alexander T. Moorehead, on saidl creek . Blacklick (Black Lick) creek, in Indiana and Cambria counties, from the mouth thereof to tht bridge on the North Branch, where the Eben»» fcurg and Indiana turnpike crosses the same ijl Cambria county. in the county of Indiana, from its mouth or junction with the Conemaugh river up to the mouth of Two Lick creek. Blue-Eye run, in the county of Warren, from its mouth to a point one-half mile up said run. Bowmans creek, in Luzerne county, from its moutk to Parishes mills, at the Big Falls. Broadhead's creek, from the mill of John Prict in Pike county, to the mouth of said creek, at Delaware river, in Northampton county, in Pike county, from John Price's mill'to Eleazef Price's mill. from Eleazer Price's mill dam, in Pike county to forks. the West branch of, to Nicholas Bush's to the forks of said Broadhead's creek. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES TABLE— Coiitinued. 130 DATE OF THE ACT RIVER OR STREAM DECLARED A PUBLIC HIGHWAY. 1798, March 21. Rec'd Law Book No. VI, p. 245. 1855, April 30. P. L. 377, .... 1807, March 4. Rec'd I^w Book No. X, p. 443, P. L. 42. 1838, April 16. P. L. 583, .... 1863, April 15. P. L. 485 Brokenstraw. See Big Brokenstraw; Little Broken- straw. Brokenstraw creek, from the mout^ to the second fork. in Warren county, from the second fork to the New York State Line. Brush creek, all that part of, situate between the mouth thereof and the mouth of Shaver's creek, in the county of Bedford. BuflFalo(e) run, from its mouth, at the Raystown branch of the Juniata, up the same to the mouth of Sulphur Spring run, in Clearfield county. Burned Dam run, from the point where it is now a highway up to the forks of said run. ana thence up "the South branch of said run as far as Andrew Carle's saw-mill, and up the North Branch of said run as far as the farm of Valen« tine Krise, Sr. BuAkUl. Sm B^ C. 1848, April 1. P. L. 321, .... 1804, April 3. Rec'd Law Book No. X, p. 18. P. I*. 4W. 1798, Marcka. Law. Book VI, p. 240. 1813, March 28. Recfi lAW Book No. XIV, p. 1, P. L. 189 1848, April 11. P. I*. ^9 1867, February 27. P. L. «,•• Canoe Creek, from Its Tlfonth to Henry Stoner'a sawmill, in Indiana county. Cattawissa. See Big Ca^rarkiM) Cattawissa creek, in the county of Northumber- land, up to Cherington's miU. Cnnsaw forks. I, from the mouth up to the main 1833, April 6. P. L. 196, .... 1826. April 10. Rec'd Law Book, No. XX, p. 412. P. L. 343. 1830, April 6. P, !#• MB. ..< 1831, April 1. P. L. 341. Cowanesqtie creek, in the coun^ of ttoifa, from its mouth to Bethlehem Thompson's mill. Cedar run, in the counties of Lycoming and Tioga, from above the mill dam of Harres & Miller, at the mouth, to the mouth of Fahnestock branch of the same, in the county of Tioga, the creek known as, in the township of Elk, Tioga county, from Billing's steam mill, in said township, to its mouth (a distance of nine miles), to Pine creek. Chapel fork. See Kinzua creek. Cheat river, from the mouth thereof and up the said stream as far as the Virginia State line. Chest creek, in the county of Clearfield, from its junction with the Susquehanna river to the line of the Clearfield and Cambria counties. in Clonrficld county, from the mouth thereof to the point where the division line between the counties of Clearfield and Cambria crosses the same. Chester creek, in the county of Delaware, from the mouth thereof, at the river Delaware, up to Richard Flower's mills. i> 140 REPORT OF THE TABLE— Continued. Off. Doc. DATE OF THE ACT, lliVKR OR STREAM DECLARED A PUBLIC HIGHWAY. I 1827, March 2. Roc'd Law Book No, XX, p. 511. 1847, February 7. P. L. n, ,. 1861, March 22. P. L. 190, ..,, 1828, April 14. Rec'd I^w Book No. XXI, p. 407. 1867, April 8. P. L. 9i3 \ 1804, February 13. Rec'd Law! Book No. IX, p. a46, P. U 109. 1814, March 26. Rec'd Law Book No. XIV, p. 404, P. L. 200. 1833, April 6. P. L. 209, .... 1863, April 14. P. L. 419, .... 1794, February 5. Rec'd Law Book No. V, p. 183. 1801, February 27. Ee^d Iaw Book No. VIII, p. 7. 1^, Mardi ». F, L. 8M. .... 1797, February 27, Rec'd I-aw Book No. VI, p. U7. 1829, April 16. Rer-'d T^w B^ No. XXI, p. 544, P. L. 1«. \m^, April 2. P. L. 510, 1804, March 5. RecM Law Book No. IX. p. 409, P. L. 197. 1771, March 0. Roo'd A, Vf»l V, p. 401. 1870, April 2. P. L. 821, .... Chichester . See lower Chichester creek. niillisquaque creek, from its confluence with the Susquehanna river as far up as the Limestone Lick farm, in Columbia county. Clarion river. See Wilson's fork of. rinrion river, West branch of, in the county of Elk, from the mouth of Buona Vista, a dis- tance of about six miles up the said West Branch. west fork of, above Buena Vista, and the several tributaries thereof, in the counties of Elk and McKean, for the passage of rafts and logs. riark's creek, in Dnuphin county, from the mouth thereof up to Whittel's mill. Clear creek, in the county of Cameron. Clearfield creek, in the county of Huntin-don, from the mouth to the forks thereof, at the place called the Driftwood. from the Beaver Dam branch up to Hugh Galla- gher's mill dam in Cambria county. in the county of Clearfield, commencing at a point where the said creek is declared and known to be a public highway to a point known as the 'Narrows." C-oal run, in Decatur township, Clearfield countv, from Its mouth (where it empties into Beaver Dam branch of Moshannon creek) to Daniel Albert's saw-mill. Cocltalamus creek, in Cumberland and Mifflin counti s, from the mouth thereof up to the forks at David Cargil's for the passage of rafts. Codorus river, in York county, from the forks to the busquehanna river. f'offee creek in Warren county, from the east Bat of Columbus township to its mouth. Cohocksink creek, from the mouth to the brid^-e on the road leading from Frankford. or Canal Street, in the county of Philadelphia, from the bridsro on the road loiding to Frank- ford up to Sixth Street, according to the plans and surveys made by Robert Brooke, Esq . and others. iJollwee creek, Warren county, from its mouth to where the Lntorprise and Mulinger road crosses . Conode?wn*net creek, from the Cove fording to the l^ranklin county line. See Connodo,2:uinot. Conestogae, as far as Slough's mill dam. Conestoga creek, in the county of Lancaster, from the mouth up to the intersection of Muddy creek, for the protection of fish No 21 DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES TABLE— Continued. in 1798, March 21. Rec'd Law Book No. VI, p. 245. 1801, February 27. R-c'd Law Book No. VIII, p. 7. 1846, March 20. P. L. 150. .... RIVER OR STREAM DECLARED A PUBLIC HIGHWAY. 1829, April 23. P. L. oCO. 1771, March 9. Rec'd Law Book No. V, p. 401. IMTf ♦ March 4. Rec'd Law Book No. X, p. 443, P. L. 42. 1848, April l. P. L. 321, 1816. Maren 10. Rec'd Law Book No. XV, p. 572, P. L. 1^. 1817, Febru.irv 10. Ree*d T^nw Book No. XVI, p. 83. 1^, April 20. P. L. 507, .... 1852, April 7 P. I*. W2, ...... Conewango creek, from the mouth to the main forks. Conewaga river, from the mouth of Bermudian creek to the Susquehanna river, the portion of, known as the Conewago (Jut, Said highway shall commence at the mouth of the Conewago, where it empties into the Susque- hanna, and terminate at the mill dam of Ge6rge Ewing, in Dover township, York county, below the point where the Burmudian empties into the Conewago. So much of the act to which this is a supplement (act February 27, 1801) as is hereby alt?r d or supplied, is hereby repealed Coniate. See Little Coniate. Connearittee creek, in the county of Crawford, from the junction thereof with French creek to join John Marviu's miU, a distance of about two miles . Connodoguinet, as far as the Cove fording. See Conedogwiaet, Conondare, or Six's creek, all that part of which lies between the town of Smethport. in the county of McKean, and the mouth of said creek. Conoquinessing. See Big Conoquinessiug. Cowanesque creek, la the county of Tioga, from its mouth to the junction of said creek and so called North Fork creek. Crooked creek, in the county of Armstrong, from its mouth to Jacob Frantz's mill. in the «mnty of THo^, from the mouth thereof i up the same to the forks. i 1171, Mp'-'h ». ^w^ A, VoL V, p. 401. 1^4, April 18. P. 1a, 4I», ..». 1^, AprU 10. P. L. 1073, Cross for^s creek i !n tfte county of Potter, ftom its mouth up said creek a distance of ten miles. Crush creek, from th^ mouth of snid creek, or where it empties in'<» the Susquehanna river, in Burnside town^sliip, ('Itvufield county, as far up as the forks. \\' Vf Nortli and South branches luute in Indiaua euuuty l> Delaware river, 17m>, April f>, Rec'd Law llocik No. VI. P. 431. Dent's run, in the rduuty of Elk, from Its mouth to the sources thereof. Driftwood creek, fr«-ni the mouth of North creek to the cast lin** -f Warrant number two thousand there hundred and forty-three, in the county of Cameron, for the passage of timber, logs, rafts and shingles. Dunkard creek, from th* UKMjt^ tn nniu f-'rk (or the scviU'al par^^s tlu-reof v*iii< li ;> >s throuirli this ('. :anu)n wealth) . 142 REPORT OF THE TABLE— Continued. Off. Doc. No 21 DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. TABLE— Continued. 143 I DATE OF THE ACT, 1873, March 1. P. L. 200, .... 1*48, April I. P. L. ^l, .... 1825, April 11. Rec'd Law Book No. XX, p. 191. P. L. 235. 1830, January 23. P. L. 30, .. 1834, AprU 10. P. L. 263, .... 1851, April 12. P. L. 454, .... 1872, AprU 3. P. L. 878, .... 1848, February 7. P. L. 22, .. 1838, April 16. P. JL. 582, .... 1876, Maj 2. P. L. 196. ••«••• 1M5, March 21. P, h. 516, .... 1870, April 16. P. L. 1180, .... 1870, March ». #. &. 320, .... RIVER OR STREAM DECLARED A PUBLIC HIGHWAY. DATE OF THE ACT. Dyberry creek, the East branch of, in the county of Wayne, from the house of Obediah Freeman to the mouth of said creek, for the purpose of floating logs and timber down the same to the main stream. E. East Branch of Mahoning creek, in Clearfield county, to all intents and purposes as other streams that have been declared navigable. East Branch of Sinnemahoning, or the first fork trom its mouth, in the county of Lycoming, as far up as the mouth of the South lack branch of the said stream. East Fork, of. See Sinnemahoning creek. East Fork East Sandy creek, !n Venango county, from the mouth thereof to the point where the Susque- hanna and Waterford turnpike road crosses the same. Elk creek, in the county of Centre, commencing at the town of Melheim, where the turnpike road crosses the same to the junction of said crock with Pino crock at Denuin's fulling mill, that so much of existing laws as makes Eik creek, in Penn township, Centre county, a public highway be and the same is hereby* re- pealed . in the township of Miles, in the county of Centre, from Jacob Wolfs mills eastward to Daniel Walker's mills, in said township, for the passage of logs. Ifilk ereek. in the county of Mk, from it» mouth to the first forks, below St. Mary's. T^k creek, in the county of Jefferson, from the mouth thereof, up the said stream to t^ mills of Washburn and Clover. Elk creek, and its several branches in the county of Sullivan. Elk-horn creek, from its mouth in Tioga town- ^1^^^^ ^». ^^^ t'o^nty of Tioga, to the laud of A. J. McKenney, in Farmingtou township, in said county. Equinunk. See Big Equinunk creek. F. Fish creek, Pennsylvania, Fork of, ronntng through Springhill township, in the county of (Greene, from the town of New Frooport, in said town.ship, to the State line, during the time of freshets, for all forms of merchantablo timber, saw logs, railroad cross-ties, copper stuff, &c. Fish Dam run, in the county of Clinton, for the distance of five miles up from its mouth. 1824, February 18. RecM I^w Book No. XIX, p. 369, P. L. , April 1. P. L. ^, .. 1816, March 19. Rec'd Law Book No. XV, p. 572, P. L. 182. 1797, March 4. Rec'd Law Book No. VI, p. 155. 179f», April 11. Rec'd Law Book No. VII, p. 2. 1858, February 16. P. L. 28, .. 1M3, March 6. P. L. Ill, Vn$f January 16. Rec'd I^aw Book No. VI, p, 317. 1813, March ^. Rec*d Law Book No. XIV, p. 1, P. L. 17D8, March 21. Rec'd Law Book No. VI, p. 245. 1810, February 12. Roc'd Law Book No. XII, p. 16, P. L. 18. 1832, May 3. P. L. ^9, .,.♦.. RIVER OR STREAM DECLARED A PUBLIC HIGHWAY. Fishing creek . See Big Fishing creek ; Hunting- don creek. Act 19 March, 1816; Little Fishing creek . Fishing creek, from the mouth of Banks run to the lands of Joseph Anthony, in Logan township, Centre county. (See Fishing creek, Lycoming county . so much of the act of 18 February, 1824, as declares that part of Fishing creek running or passing through the premises and property now in the possession of and owned by Henry L. Diffenbach, in the township of Lamar, county of Clinton, a public highway, repealed. Fishing creek, commonly called Huntingdon creek, from the junction of said creek with Pine creek, in the county of Columbia, to the North mountain in the county of Luzerne. Fishing creek, in the county of Lycoming, from the mouth, as far up as the mouth of Bank's run. (See Fishing creek. Centre county). Fishing creek in the county of Northumberland, from the mouth to main fork, and that branch commonly called Little Fishing creek, from the mouth to John Elve's mill. Five Mile run, in Jefferson county, from the mouth where it enters into Sandy Lick creek, to R. J. NicholsoA'fi miU in Kaqx towAship« Jefferson county. Forge run, otherwise called Six Mile run, in Centre county, from the mouth thereof where it enters into Bis? Moshnnuon crook up to the fork near the Wolf rocks, for the passage of logs and lumber. Frankford creek, in the county of Philadelphia, from the mouth thereof up to Joseph I. Miller's land opposite to the race bridge across the Bristol road on main street of Frankford. Frankstown branch of Juninta river, from the forks near Lazarus Ixiwries mill, up the west branch to the town of Hollidaysburg, in Hunt- ingdon county, French creek. See Pleasant Lake, outlet of, into French creek. French creek to the town of LeBoeuff. in Erie county, from its junction with T^e- Bor.off creek, to the sawmill now or formerly owned by Leverick Bissell. French creek. East brnnrh of, commencing at the point of its junction with the West branch of French crook, in the county of Eri", on or nenr the forty-second degree of north latitude, and thence up said East branch to the west line of the State of New York. *| ]'} UKPOIiT i)K THK Off. Doc, Til TABLE— Con tinned. J)ATK OF THE ACT. 1840, January 6. P. 1*. 18^ UIVKK OK STREAM DECLARED A PUiiLIC iil(lH\V'AY. 1867, March 1. P. h, Sm, 1857, March 20. P. L. 115, . 1810, February 21. Rec*d Law Book No. XII, p. c'3, P. L. 35. 1870, March 3. P. L. 329, .... 1837, March 29. P. L. 100, ISSfl, March 29. P. L. 212, ... 1848, AprU 10. P. L. 470, .... i IMl, April 14. P, L. 716. Ap pendis Vol. m. mi, March 2. P. L. 181, . 18ft}, March M. P. h. 40;. .... 1811, Atii-:1 2. Roe*d Law Rook No. XTI, p. 4^. 1818, Mnrf'h 19. Law Bimk X V , p. 572. P. h. im. r^;L Ai, P. L. HM, East Branch of, commonly known as Mile's branch, in the county of Erie, commencing at its junction with the main creek, to the mill uf Stockum «& Coe, on the said creek. Freeman's run, in Potter county. So much there- of as is situated between the north line of the farm of E. O. Austin and the Siunemahoumg creek . G. Gonnesseo river, in the township of Gennesset and Bingham, in the county of Potter, from the New York State line to the mouth of Turner creek, in said township of Bingham. Gre^n creek, in the county of Northumberland, from the mouth up to the main fork thereof^ and from thence up the North and Northwest branches theitof into the sawmill now or form- eily owned by Anbi ■ nion, un th ^ North Branch, and unto the sawmill now or formerly owned by Samuel Watt on the Northwest branch thereof. H. H.mIPs run, in th- county of Clinton, for the distance of five miles up from its mouth. Haneyoy creek, a branch of the Oswego, from the junction of the sunie with the Oswego creek to the New York State line. Hare's creek, v.4thin the county of Warren, in Erie county from where the same crosses the line of Warren county to where it crosses the line ot the State ot New ¥ork. Harris' rtin, in Lycoming cmmty, from its con- nection with Pine creek, four miles up the said run* , Harvey's creek, from its month to and ind^inf Harvey's Lake, in the county of Luzerne. Harvey's ]L4di«. ^^^^M nMm^ft Hickory. See Big Hickory creek. Hiner's run, a tributary of th«' West hranch of the Susquehanna river, in the county of Clinton, for the distance of eight miles up from it« mouth. Huntingdon creek, from the month therrof, thence up thn s imp to tho mouth of Pine creek, thence up Pine crook to Chnrlos Bucknlew's saw-mill, the East bruich of FishinjT crock, comnnnly called Huntingdon creo!:. from the junction of r^old oro' k with Pine rr ok, in the county o£ Colunibiri, to tho North Mountain, in the county of Luzerne. .f.'rry r-!ii, in the counfy of Camor..n, from the '■ ' "h III- '>[' ',vnrr;iHt !U1ih1mm*o(1 five thousand fsMV 111] (h-. ^1 Mid -n •>*'•']. to th- place where If cmjitio:- into tiio Siiiiieiu.ihoiiiii;f , No. 21 DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIE'-' TABLE— Continued. 145 DATE OF THE ACT 1859, April 11. P. L. 500, 1771, March ». Bec'4 A. ^L V, p. 412. 1820, January 2D. P. L. 31, .. 185:5, April 18. P. L. Vol. 41, Appendix p. !^27. 1771, March 9. Rec'd A. Vol. V. p. 401, 1815, iiarch 4. Rec'd Law Book No. XV, p. r>i>, P. L. 63. IWO, March 1. P. L. 87, ., 1813, March 26. Law Book XIV, p. I, P. L. 189. 1771, Mmtch 9. Rec'd A. Vol. V, p. ^. 1^, Februaty 1, Law Book XI, p. 151, P. L. W. ISU, March 26. Law Book XIV, p. 40A, F. L. WO, 1W7, Aprt 8. P. I*. 1817. March 24. Law Book XVI, p. 252, F, L. 219. 1852, May 4. W* L. 568, I RIVER OR STREAM DECLARED A PUBLIC HIGHWAY. Johnson's run, in Fox township. Elk county, from the mouth of said run to where the same crosses the west line of warrant number four thousand three hundred and ninety-six. Juniata. See Frankstown branch of; Little Jun- iata; Raystown branch of. Juniata up to Bedford and Frankstown. K. Kinzua creek, which empties into the Allegheny river, in Warren C(»unty, from the mouth there- of up to the second forks in McKean county. Kinzua creek, froiu the mouth of the South fork of the same to the old Kittanning road, and the south fork of said Kinzua creek from its mouth to the Second fork of said South fork and the Chapel fork to the fork of said creek. Kiskiminetas river. Kittle creek, in the county of Lycoming, from its mouth up to the second fork. Knapp*s creek, in the county of McKean, from its month to the upper dams now erected on the north and south branch of the same. Lackawanna creek, to the county of l..uzerae, from the mouth thereof to Ragged Island, at the mouth of liush creek. Lackawaxen. Lackawaxin stream as far up as the IftUs thereof. Lacka waxen river, m the c»nnty of Wayne, from the falls thereof to the Dyberry forks, and thence up the Dj-berry branch and West branch to the great falls of the Respective branches. Lackawnxen creek, the Western branch of. from Colonel Secly's mills to Silas Kellou's, in Mount Pleasant township, in the county of Way le. Lake Pleasant, in the county of Erie, and Common- weatlh of Pennsylvania, and the outlot of said lake to French creek, open and free to all the poople of the said Common wealth , for fishing, I navi2;ation and all purposes whatsoever. Larry's creek, in the county of Lycoming, from tho mouth thereof to where the State ro id crosses the same. Larrio's creek, in LycftmiJii: county, from where the State road ciosses t''c tun', thence up said creek, the distance of five miles. Leckawaxin. stioam. Sec Lack, waxin, Leckawaxin T>ehigh. See Little Lehigh. 10—21—1917 I 146 BEPORT OF THE TABLE— Continued. Off. Doc. DATE OF THE ACT. 1771, March 9. Rec'd A. Vol. V, p. 404. 1820, March 28. Law Book XVlU*p. 105. 1842, March 17. P. L. 102, .. 1870, March 28. P. L. 610, .... 1825, April 11. Law Book XX, p. iui, P. L. 23d. 1829, April 23. Law Book XXI, p. tbci, P. L. 297. lbi»4, April 13. P. L. 3ii, 1838, AprU Id. P. L. 582, .... 1798, March 21. Law Book VI, p. 245. Ism, April 6. P. L. 307, •.,. im, Feb! p. 1882. 5. Law Book V, 1808, March 26. Law Book XI, p. m^ P. L. 141. 1822, April 1. P. L. 117, •••• 1^0, JaniMtf^ 23. P. h. », . . 1867, April ». W, 1#, 8^ 1867, April 5. P. L. 8^. .... RIVER OR STREAM DECLARED A PUBLIC HIGHWAY. Lehigh, the, declared a public highway. Lickcreek. See Loyalsock creek and its tribu- taries. Lick creek, from its mouth up to Henry NuefTs Jr., saw-mill, in the county of Jefferson. Lick run, in the county of Clearfield, from its junction with the Susquehanna river up to Fork Licks, on said run. Little Anderson's creek, in the county of Clear- field, a stream which empties into Anderson's creek near and below Bridgeport, in said county, from its mouth to the source thereof. little Brokenstraw creek, in the county of Warren, from the mouth thereof to the place where the State road, from the New York State line through said county to the Ohio State line, crosses the same, a distance of about ten miles. in Warren county, from Nathan Abbott's saw- mill, on said creek, to the New York State line. in the tlnty, from formerly Eve's now Master's mill, in Green- wood township, to Cole's mill, in ^Iadison town- ship, and the West branch of said Little Fish- ing creek, from the mouth thereof to Lyon's mill. Little Juniata, in the county of Huntingdon, from the mouth up to the head of Logan's Nar- rows. Little Juniata river, from Logan's Narrows to the mills of Edward Bell, in Allegheny town- ship, Huntingdon county. little Juniata river, in Antis township, in Huntingdon county, as far up the said river as the saw-mill dam of Alexander and Daniel Ale. Little Mahoning creek, in Indiana county, from the mouth to the North fork. North branch of, in Indiana county, from its coufluenre with the South branch of said creek, up to Tiger's saw-mUl. Uber branch of, from its mouth up to Cessna's saw-mill, in Indiana county. No 21 DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. 147 TABLE— Ck)ntinned. DATE OF THE ACT, 1848, April 1. P. L. 321, .... 1873, March 18. P. L. 308, .... 1851, April 14. P. L. Vol. 39, Appendix p. 716. 1852, March 3. P. L. 522, 1828, April 14. Law Book XXI. 1837, AprU 4. P. L. 380, .... 1^, April 14. P. L. Vol. 39, Apppendix p. 716. 1799, April 10. Law Book VII, p. 7. 1869, April 13. P. L. 890 1814, March 26. Law Book XIV, p. 404, P. L. 200. 1828, April 14. Law Book XXI, p. 407, 18^, March 27. P. L. 218, .... ^,^m%, p. L. 346, .... WT. March W. Law Book XVI, p. 252, P. L. 219. 1816, March 19. Law Book XV, p. 572, P. L. 182. mi, April 12. P. L. 428 1811. March 20. Law Book XII, p. 296, P. L. 74. RIVER OR STREAM DECLARED A PUBLIC HIGHWAY. Little Mill creek, in the county of Jefferson, in Warsaw and Pine creek townships, in the county of Jefferson, from the mouth of Laurel run to the mouth thereof at Big Mill creek. Little Mushannon, in the county of Clearfield, from its connection with the West branch of the Susquehanna river, the distance of ten miles up the said creek. in Snowshoe township, Centre county, from ita mouth to the Mushannon mills. Little Oil creek, in Crawford county, from the mouth thereof to the upper part of said creek. Little Pine creek, from its mouth, in Columbia county, to Columbus, in Luzerne county. Little Sandy creek, the North branch of, from its junction with Redbank creek, in Armstrong* county, up said stream to Alexander McKinstry'a saw-mill, in Jefferson county. South branch of, from its junction with the North branch of, at Geist's mill dam, up said South branch to Campbell's and Mundorff's mill, formerly known as Sprankle's mill, in Jeffersoa county. Little Schuylkill. See Tamaqua. Little Schuylkill, the, from George Roushe's saw- jMtt|i up to Jacob Shelley's saw-mill. Little Shenango creek, in the county of Mercer, from its mouth, at Greenville, to Salem Mills, near Leech's Corners, in said county. Little Swatara creek, in the county of Schuylkill, from its junction with the Big Swatara creek, up the same to John Fidler's saw-mill. Little Toby's creek, in the counties of Clearfield and Jefferson, from the mouth of John Sheaffer's mill run, on the main branch of Toby's creek and from the forks of Brandy Camp (or Kersey creek) to the Clarion river. Little Toby creek, from the point where It II now a highway up to Patrick Whalen's in the town- ship of Fox, county of Elk. Long run, emptying into Pine creek, in the town- ship of Gaines, in the county of Tioga, for the distance of eight miles up from its mouth. Lower Chichester creek, in the county of Dela- ware, from the mouth thereof up the same to the mill of David Trainer and Gideon Jaques. Loyalsock creek, in the county of Lycoming, from the mouth thereof up the same to Roger's factory, on said creek. Loyalsock creek and its tributaries, Bird's creek and Lick creek, in the county of Sullivan. Lycoming creek, in the county of Lycoming, from the mouth thereof up the same to where the line of Tioga county crosses the said creek. 14S RKPOKT OF TIIK TABLE— Continued. Off. Doc. DATE OF THE AjUT. 1S70, March a. P. E. 329, .... 1803, March 1. Law Book X, p. 253, F. L. 389. 1814, March 20. Law Book XIV, p. 404, P. L. 200, 1S69, April 2. P. E. o04. 1818, March 10. Law Book XV, p. o72, P. E. 182. 18G9, April 2. P. L. 607, .... 1813, January 16. Law Book XIII, p. 288, P. L. 31. 1842, March 14. P. L. 77. .... 1^, February 21. P. E. 192,.. 1^, February 15. P. L. TO, .. 1851, April 14. P. L. Vol. », Appuudix p. 710. 1^, April 11. Law mdk XV, p. 101, P. L. — 1«27, Mnrrh 2. Law Tlnnk XX p. 511. P L. 57. 1838. April 16. P. L ;}s2, .. ill\ i.l UB STREAM DECF ARED A PUBLIC HIGHWAY. M. ;-rcSherry's run, in the county of Clinton, for tho distance of five miles up from its mouth. MrJiantango creek, forming the division Hue ' o- tw(!eu Dauphin and Northumberland count= s, from the mnith thereof up to the junction of Pnie and Deep creeks, in Berks county. M.:ih;ni tango creek in Schuylkill county, from the mouth of Pine creek up to Samuel Keim's saw-mill. Mahoning. See Big Mahoning. Mahonhig Creek. See east branch of. See Little Mahoning. Mahoning creek, from its mouth to the Mahoning iron works, in the county of Armstrong. Mahoopany creek, from its mouth to the forks of the north and south branches thereof. Mnplc creek, in the county of Forest, from i^s mouth up to Cook & Eeichner's mill, for the passage of logs. Marsh creek, in the county of Centre, from its influence with the Bald Eagle creek to .Jacob Boone^s saw mill, being abuut the dista.e.^ of hve miles. March run, from its junction with Oil creek, in S. , t«^^;"^^".n of Troy, county of Crawford, to Ualph Claps null, in Athens township, county aforesaid . "^ aiarvin creek, in McKean county, from the cross- ing ui the lloward Hill road to Potato creek. Matthews run, in Warren county, from its mouth, here it empties into Bmkenstraw creek. t«» the township line between Brokenstraw and Sugar Grove townships. Mrdock*s run, in the county of Elk, from its con- neetion with Benn-tt's branch of the Sinnema- hoiiiug, six- miles up said run. Middle creek, in the county of Union, from the mouth thereof, at tho SusrjuGhanna river, up to George Miller'y mil] d,.m, in Beaver town-^hip Miles branch of the French creek creek . Sec French Mill creek. See Big Mill creek. See Little Mill creek, in the countv of .Teffer- son . ■ See Oil creek, commonly called Mill creek See Oil croek eommnily .ailed Mill creek, in tnc pounty of Crawford. Mill f-reelc iji the munty of Hnntinudon. from the mouth thereof, f. Matthew Wilsnu's niill Burtoff^oTd "*"""**''' *'""'" -**'* '"""^^ thereof, to No Vi DEPAUT.MENT OF FISHERIES HI) TAHLE— Conlinned. DATE OF THE Ai T : .UVE.t ini STREAM DECLARED A PUBLIC iliiiHWAY. 1847, February IC. P. L. lUd, .. 18^, April m. P. L, 935, .... 1805, March 23. P. L. m, ... 1867, April 8. P. L. 809, ... 1869, April 13. P. L. 904, ... in the county of Jefferson, from its mouth to i'erriu's mill. a tributary of Tioyalsock, in Sullivan county, from its mouth up to the north line of the Joseph Lewis iracc on the North branch, and to the west line of the Thomas T>oiper tract on the West branch. Mill run, in the townships of Browne and Mc- Kenry, in the county of Lycoming, a tributary of Pine creek. in the township of McHenry, in the county of Lycoming. in ih^ township of McHenry and county of Ly- coming, for the purpose of floating logs and lumber down the same. 18^ April 11. P. L. 503, ' Millstown creek, in the county of Jefferson, from * ! its mouth ten miles up the same. 1851 April 14. P. L. Vol. 39, Mix run, in the county of Elk, from its connec- * -■ — ~ tion with BennetCs branch of the Siunemahouiug, eight miles up said run. in the county of Cameron, from tho floating dam of Brown, Early & Co., to the place where it empties into Bennett's branch of the Sin- nemahoning. Appendix p. 716. im, April 9. P. L. 794. .... 1782, April 13. Law Book No. 1, p. 322. 1867, March 22. P. L. 527, .... 1874, May 21. P. L. »», . 1^, April 14. P. L Mononsahela river, as far up as it can be made navigable. ^^lonti-omery creek, a tributary to the West branch of the Susquehanna river, in the county of Clearfield, from the mouth to the source there- of. Montgomery creek, and its several branchps, in the county of Clearfield, for the purpose of driving and floating logs, lumber, &c., down said stream or streams. Morgan's run, in Clearfield county, from where it empties into Clearfield creek, up to where the rond, leading from Mct'larren's farm in j Clearfield creek, crosses the road at or near j Powell's saw-mill. i Moshannon creek. See Beaver dam branch of. j See Mushannon. Wm, Fobruarv 1. I*aw Book' Muddy creek, from Its JttnWfoft ^th Hutcheson's XI. p. 151, P. L. 1 ^, April 2. P. L. 371, .. 1861, May 1. P. L. iW, 1810, .IjinnMi- XII, p. r>, 1 o saw mill to its confluence with French creek Muddy creek, in tho county of Cr.iwf»rd, fr'AY. 1811, April 2. Law Book XII, p. 43i). 1B14, :Sisvch 26. Law Book XIV, i». 101, P. L. 2(X). 1708, March 16. Law Book VI, p. 240. 1805, April 4. Law Book X, p. 175, P, L. 237. 1810, March 10. P. L. (», .. . 1S29, March 30. Law Book XXI, p. 510, P. L. 10». 13K, May 3. P. L. 430, 1S44, April 4. P. L. 18S, .... 1860, February 7. P, L. 33, ,. Ifm, January 14. P. L 3, ... 1847, March 16. P. I.,, 4^. . 1^, Febraary K. P. L. 81, ,. ISro, February 10. P. L. U, .. 1^, April 8, Law Book IV, p. 317. 171K',, March 0. I^w Book V, p. 55, l^, Aprtl m. P. L. Pine crof'k fi- ni '■■; ill its iju)ii*h at II.iii I.. low's saw-iiiiiL :<] >ii ri\ ok from Amus lUiekelew's saw-mill, in Columbia (oiiiity, to the main forks above Jon .than \\ c V r' >:;^v luiil erne county. II II HKlll- liiWHsllip, i.nz- Pine creek, in the county of Lycoming, from the mouth up to the third fork thereof. Pine creek, tbe West branch of, from the third fork, ill the county of Tiofxa, to the forks of the Elk Lick, in the county of Potter, and also the said third fork, from its mouth to Morris' mai'sh in the said county of Tioga . so much of the second fork of, in the county of Lycoming, as lies between its couHuence and the point where it is intersected by the State road. in Lycoming and Tioga counties, from the mouth thereof to the forks of Siiid creek, above the uid meadows in Tioga county. the first fork of, in the county of Lycoming, from the mouth thereof ttp to the Block House fork. second fork of, commonly called Babb's creek, in the rounty oe Tiogfl, from its mouth to where William r»;ibh now resides. second fork of, cnKed iiubb's creek, in the tt)unty of Tioga , f rora William Babb's saw-mill to the mouth of Mickle run. Pine creek, In Potter county, from the first forks above P*ig Elk Lick, on said creek, to the forks abave William Ellsworth's on said creek, west branch of, in the county of Potter, the distance of eight miles from its mouth ui) the said West branch. Pine creek, !n Warwn won^j Carpenter's mill. tram Ito vB^ithi to 1^", April V< P. L. 210, ... Plunket's creek, a tributary «^ T^»yalsock, in 14'coming r-ounty, fr«»m iis mouth up to Fe- rcneu Falls, on the West Branch, to the Beaver Meadow, on the North liranch, and to the north line of the Henry Hill tract, un the East Branch. Popo Pnco, or IMg creek, in Northampton county from the month to tho falls tlinroof. i»r l»ig creek, in Northanipt(»n county, from the fills th M'^of iiiclu-^ivc, up U) Jan Sherbantje's null d.-nvi . Portnge branch of the Sinncmnhoning creek, from its mouth in Sliipp n tov/nship, McKean county, up to C Miley's bran«-b, in i'ni'uge township, in the cnunty of Potter. Portngr" cr.'ck. Sre Susquehanna Portage creek. Potato creek, in the county of McKean, from the mouth thereof t(» the point wbcre the snme crosses the road leading from Smethpori hi Shippen . No 2i DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES 153 TABLr:— ('oHtiiiued. DATE OF THE ACT 1859, March 30. P. L. 313, 8, February 7. P. L. 85, 1846, March 30. P. L. 207, .. 1837, May 12. P. L. 458, ia38, April 10. P. L. 583, .... Iffil, AprU 1. P. L. ^l^ „, imo Mftrehl2. P. L. 147. .. IMl, May 1. P. L. «1, ...... ITW, ?Tnrch 21. Iaw Book VI, p. 2J5. 18S«, March 28. P. L. !«. .... 1^. April 10. L:iw Book XX, p. 412, P. L. 339. 183;]. >Farch m, P. L, WW, ^r irch 1. Law Book VII, p. 111. L03, April 1. L'lw Book IX, p. 18(3. P. L. r>S2. J.n'EU OR STREAM DECLARED A PUBLIC HIGHWAY. Potts run, in Clearfield county, from the mouth thereof, where it empti-s into Clearfield creek, up to Kelly's mill. Powell's creek, in the county of Dauphin, from the mouth thereof to the forks of said creek. Pymatunning creek. See Sheuango creek. A. Raccoon creek, in the county of Clarion, from its mouth to the moufh of Little Raccoon creek, to all intents and purposes as are other streams that have been declared navigable. Rattlesnake creek, which enters in"o Little Toby's creek, in the township of Snyder, Jefferson county. Raystown Branch of the Jun'ita, from Morrison*s mills, in CleArfield county, up the same to the mouth of Bullalo run, thence up the same to the mouth of Sulphur Spring run, in the same county. Red Bank creek. See Sandy Lick creek. Bidley creek, in the county of Delaware from the mouth ther-if "' tin* river Delaware, up to Pierc» Crosby's mills. Roaring run, a tributary ot riearaeld creek, in Brudford township, Clearfield county, from the mimth thereof to its sources, 8. Salt run, as far as the forks of said stream, in Cameron county, for the passage of rafts and lo^. Sandy cwek. See East Siindy creek |. Little landy croak . Sanflv Lick, or Red Bank creek, from the mouth to the second great fork. creek from its mouth up to Henrv Nueff's Jr., 1.11 1, in the county of Jefferson. c- ned Lank cu'ek, from th«' enst -rn bouudarv ot .Tefferson county to its mouth, oiilv for the passage of bonts. rafts, eU?., descendiiiir. creek, the north fork of, in the count v of Jeffer- son, from the nioutii thereof to Ridgw-iv in s:iid county. Scluiylkill, Bi-, fr.un the mouth of Norwegian creok, wher;^ it empties into said river, up to v.'here the Catnwissa rond crosses the s:nne. the west branch of. from its .iundion v.*i(h the north brnncli, up the suno to Tliomis Heed's siw-mill, and then five miles higher up siid stream, and the westernmost bniin-h from its junction v.ith the last mentioned sirtMui, six- miles up the same. Schuylkill, Little. See Tamaqua. 154 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. TABLE— -(Continued. DATE OP THE ACT. 1833, April 8. P. L. 349, 1800, February 19. Law Book VII, p. 94. 1825, April 11. Law Book XX, p. 101, P. L. 235. 1803, April 4. Law Book IX, p. 249, P. L. 661. 1822, April 1. P. L. 117, .... 1826, December 21. Law Book XX, p. 479, P. L. 3. 1804, February 13. P. L. 109, 1818, March 23. I^w Book XVII, p. 116, P. L. 264. 1822, April 1. P. L. 117 1825, April 11. Law Book XX, p. 101, P. L. 235. 1849, April 10. P. L. 629, ...• 1^, Apitt % F. L. 2M, ,»*. 18W, April M. P. L. ^, ,,. ^My May 2t» P. J*, SS0, ^, MmtA m, W, h. ^« KIVEIi OR STREAM DECLARED A PUBLIC HIGHWAY. Shamokin creek, in the county of Northumber- land, from Samuel Sober's mill to its confluence with the Susquehanna. Shaver's creek, in the county of Huntingdon, from its mouth up to the line of John and James Crawford's land. in the county of Huntingdon, from the mouth thereof to the bridge across the same at or near Eunis' fording. Shenango, or Pymatuning creek, a branch of Beaver creek, from the mouth of the ^me up to its source. Sidling Hill creek, from its mouth to the mouth of Woodenbridge creek. Sinking creek, in Centre county, from the mouth thereof to Christian Keller's 5lill. Sinamahoning. See Wikoff's (or Wykoff's) run, a tributary of Siuuamahoning creek. Sinnamahoning (or Sinuemahoning) creek. Sinnaraahouing creek, in the county of Lycom- ing, from the mouth to the forks thereof, at the place called the Driftwood. Bennett's branch of Sinnamahoning, in the county of Clearfield, from the mouth thereof up to the Beaver dams, so called. Snnomahoniug creek, the North branch in Mc- Kean county, from the Driftwood to the mouth of North creek. east branch of the Sinnamahoning, or the first fork from its mouth, iu the county of Lycoming, as far up as the mouth of the South Lick branch of the said stream. Sinnemahoning creek, from the point where it is now a highway, up to Stephen Bundy's in Houston township, Clearfield county, east fork of Sinnemahoning creek, from the mouth thereof to the mouth of Jamison branch of said east fork, in Potter county. Portage branch of the Sinnamahoning creek, from its mouth in Shippen township, McKean county, up to Cowley's branch, in Portage town- ship, in the county of Potter, the first fork of Sinnemahoning creek, in the county of Potter, from the mouth of the South Lick branch thereof, as far up as the mouth of the Prouty run. Six's creek. See Conondau creek. Six Mile run. See Forge run in Centre county. Slate, or Tomb's run. See Tomb's run. Slate Creek run, in the County of Cambria, from the mouth of to the Phillipsburg road, run, in the County of Cambria (one of the branches of Beaver dams) from the Rbensburg and Phillipsburg road, at or neear James Mc- Gough's saw-mill, to John Adams' saw-mill, near St. Augustine, in Charfield township, in said county of Cambria. No 21 DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES 155 TABLE— Con tinued . DATE OF THE ACT. 1861, May 1. P. L. 658, 1873^ April 10. P. L. 722, RIVER OR STREAM DECLARED A PUBLIC HIGHWAY. 1846, March 30. P. L. 207 1796, February 26. VI, p. 58. Law Book 1830, January 23. P. L. 28, 1846, April 8. P. L. 281, 18G3, April 22. P. L. 526, 1820, March 6. P. L. 48 1822, Aprttl. P. L. IW, ...... 1864, April 8. P. li. 335 l«», April 11. P. L. 541, .... 18OT, February 25. P. L. 56, ., rm, March 31 II, p. 493. Xaw Book 1801, February 21. Law Book VII, p. 249. 1831, January 17. P. L. 21, .. Soldier run, in the County of Jefferson, from the mill of William H. Reynolds to the Clearfield County line. in the County of Jefferson, from MeCreight and Wnrnuck's (formerly *\Villi:im H. Reynolds) mill to the Sandy Lick Creek in Winslow township, in said county. Spring Creek, in the County of Elk, from the big forks of said Spring Creek to its mouth, to all intents and purposes as are other streams that have been declared navigable. See Spring Run. Spring Creek in the County of Mifflin, from the mou h of snme as tar up at- the uioulh of Logan's Creek . Spring Creek, in Warren County, from its mouth to a point where the road leading from Franklin through Warren County, in a direction to Cha- tauqua Lake, crosses the same, in the County of Warren, the main branch of from the mouth of said stream to where the same crosses the Crawford County line, and also the southern branch of said stream, from the mouth of said southern branch, until where the same crosses the Titusville road, in Warren County. Spring run, from its junction with Trout run, up to the Spring run mills, now owned by W. H. Earley, L. D. Brewster and Charles St. John, in the township of Jay, in the County of Elk, and all dams erected or hereafter to be erected shall have chutes so constructed as to allow the free passage of lumber, timber and logs. Stony creek, from its mouth to Peter Berkey*8 mills, in the county of Someset. from and immediately below the mill dam of Peter Berkey, Esq., to the mill dam of George Kimmel, Esq. Stony Fork creek, in Delmar and Morris town- ships, in the county of Tioga, from its mouth up to Daniel Osborn's in Delmar township. Stump creek, in the county of Jefferson, from the forks of Big Mahoning to the Clearfield county line. Susquehanna Portage creek, in the township of Portage, in the county of Potter, from the saw- mill of E. D. Sizor, up to the Salt Works in said township. Susquehanna river, from the division line of Mary- land, upwards to the town of Northumberland, and thence through the two branches throughout the whole length, down to the Maryland line. the West Branch of the river Susquehanna, from Cherry Tree or Canoe Place, up to John Doug- lass' saw-mill. 156 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. TABLE—Contiimed. D-^TE OF THE ACT. ISa^, May 3. F, L. «l, ... 1814, March 26. T^aw Book XIV, p. 404, P. L, 200. 1^0, April 6. P L. :X«:>, 1852, April 14. P. L. SU, .... mi. March 9. Rec'd A, Vol. V, p. 401. 1831, March 29. Law Book XIV, p. 74, P. I.. ^7. 1815. March 4. I aw Bonk XV, p. IW, P. L. m. 1816, Mflrch 19. Lnw Book XV, p. m2, P. L. 182. VIII. p. m, P. L. 73. 1827, MarcA 2. p. Ml. I^w Book XX, 1^7, April 4. P. L. ^, mm. May 3. P. L. KS. .. 18155, March m, P. I,, m, 1857, May 12. P. L. 4W, .. lff»6, March ». P. h. 212, llVini Oil STREAM DECLARED A PUBLIC HIGHWAY. the West Branch of the river Susquohnuna, from John Douglass' saw-mill, iu Cambria county, up to the fork of said branch, a distance of about three miles. Sugar creek. See Big Sugar creek, in the county of Bradford, from the mouth there- of, up the main branch to Rich's mills. Sugar Creek lake, the outlet thereof, iu Crawford (DUiity, from Sugar Creek lake to where it enters Big Sugar creek. and its inlet westerly, as far as the Oil creek road, in the county of Crawford. Swatara. See Little Swatara. as far up as P. Kettle's mill-dnm. Swatara creek, from John Weidman's forage dam, in the county of Dauphin, to Good Spring creek, iu the county of Schuylkill. the south bT-jHifh oc, in Schuylkill county, from the mouth thereof, to .Taco'o Capp's saw-mill. T. Tamaqua. commonly called Little Schuj-lkill, from its conilueuce with Big Schuylkill to David L^ngairre's saw-mill. Ten mile creek, from the mouth thereof at the Monongahela river up to the main fork and thence up the sou.h branch of said creek, as far as Jacob Adnm'n saw mill, near Wayne,-.burg, in the county of Greene.* Teonista, See Tionesta. Tiouesta (or Te;;»s said creek, in Nicholson township, in s:ud county. Tuneanquant or Tunnagw.-nt creek. Tunnangwant creek, in McKean county, from the New York State line. ut> tlio stream to the jufic- tion of the south and wes^ branches and 'o , m- tinue up tho said branch < iic mil" and ?> the south branch two miles, from said junctiiin. Tuneanquant creek, in l*r:dford townsliip, Mc- Kean county from the niouih thereof, six miles up said creek. 158 REPORT OF THE TABLE— Continued. Off. Doc. DATE OF THE ACT. 1838, AprU 16. P. L. 582 1851, April 12. P. L. 479, ... 1860, AprU 2. P. h. 576, ... 1859, April 11. P. L. 494, ... 1796, February 26. Law Book VI, p. 61. 1805, April 4. Law Book X. p 196, P. L. 277. RIVER OR STREAM DECLARED A PUBLIC HIGHWAY. 1854, April 20. P. L 396 1851, April 14. P. L Vol. 39, Appendix p. 716. ^, Febrnary 4. Law Book XI, p. 163, P. L. 34. ^5, April 13. P. L. »• » » • • 1905, April 4. I>aw Book X. p. 174, P. L. 236. 1^. Mar 4, F. I^«» . 1^, AprU 5. P. L. 819, Tunnangwant. See Teneanquant. Turtle creek, in Allegheny county, from the mouth thereof, up the said stream as far as Brush creek, in Westmoreland county. Twolick creek, from its mouth (at Blacklick creek, in the county of Indiana), up said creek to the junction of the north branch of said creek, east branch of, from its mouth up to the bridge oyer said creek, on the public road from Breen- ville to the Cherry Tree, in Indiana county, north branch of, from its mouth, near the line of Greene and Cherryhill townships, in Indiana county, up to John Butterbaugh's mill, in said township of Greene. Tuscarora creek, in Milford township, in the county of Mifflin, from the mouth thereof, to Thomas Boale's mill-dam. all that part of, situate between the mouth thereof and the forks near to Morrow's mill, which has not been declared a public highway by the act to which this is a supplement, passed the twenty-sixth day of February one thousand seven hundred and ninety-six. Two mile run. in Sheffield township, Warrea county from its month to where it entersects th«^ line of lot known as subdivision number two hundred and thirty-one, McKean county. tJber branch. See Little Mahoning creek. Upper Pine Bottom ran, In tli© roilnty of Lycom- ing, from its connection with Pine creek, "three miles up said run. W. Wallepaupack creek, in the county of Wayne, from the fnlls thereof at Wilson ville. to the forks of said crepk, and thence up the west branch, to where the north and south road crosses, and up the south branch to the upper end of Newfoundland settlement. Wapaseening creek, in Bradford county, from the New York State line to Joseph Elbree's mill. Wyalusing creek, all that part of, situate between the mouth thereof and Pickett's mill, near the forks of snid creek. West branch branch of. See Susquehanna river, west West creek, in the county of McKean, from the mouth of said creek to the Elk county line. in the counties of Cameron and Elk, from the mouth to the source thereof. West fork. See Clarion river, West fork of. No 21 DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES, 159 TABLE— Ck)ntinued. DATE OF THE ACT. 1857, May 12. P. L. 458, .... 1864, May 21. P. L. Vol. 52, Appendix p. 929. 1813, March 26. Law Book XIV, p. 1, P. L. 189. 1860, April 2. P. L. 578, 1805, April 1. T^w Book X, p. 156, P. L. 200. 1867, March 1. P. L. 317, .. ^^», April 11. P. ^467, March 29. Law Book XTX.-p. 501, P. C MS. 1870, April 6. P. L. 1006, ,„. , March 21. F, L. 441, •.,. M38, April 16. P. t, 582, .... 1858, April 21. P. L. 404, .... 1869, April 10. P. L. 837, .... 1850, March 25. P. L. 280, .... RIVER OR STREAM DECLARED A PUBLIC HIGHWAY. Whetstone creek, in Clearfield county, from its mouth three miles up said creek. White Deer creek (a tributary of the West branch of the Susquehanna river) and the north and south forks, for ten miles from the mouths of said forks, subject to the further provisions of this act.* White Deer Hole, in the county of Northumber- land, from its confluence with the West Branch of the Susquehanna, up to Samuel Foreman's mill dam.** Whitmore run or creek, in the county of Clear- field, from its mouth to Joseph Patterson's saw- mills, in said county. Wicoff's. See Wycoff's run. Wiconisco or Wyconisco, Wiconisco creek, in the county of Dauphin, from the mouth thereof to Isaac Ferer's mill dam. Wiconisco creek, from Oakdale forge, in Dauphin county, to the public road leadins? from Clark's Valley to Tremont, in Schuylkill couAty. Willow creek, from its mouth, in Warren county, to its source, in McKean county. Will's creek, that part of, in the county of Bed- ford, between the saw-mill erected by Henry Lyberger and the Maryland line. Wilson's fork of the Clarion river, from the town of Wilcox, in Elk county, to where the McKean county line crosses said stream, for the passage of rafts, logs, timber and the ordinary purposes of descending navigation as necessary for lum- bering purposes. W^ilson's run. in the township of Chest, in the county of Clearfield, from its mouth to the first fork of said run, in the Henry Musser survey. Wooden Bridge creek, in the county of Bedford, from the mouth thereof and up the said stream as far as Houston's saw-mill. Wollis' run, in the county of Lycoming. Woodcock creek, in the county of Crawford, Wycoff's or Wicoff's run. Wycoff's run, In the county of Clinton, from its junction with the Sinnemahoning, for six miles up said run. •An act to incorporate the White Dear Improvement Company. **The act of 30 March, 1822, repeals "so much of the act of 26 March, 1813, as declares the White Deer Hole creek a public highway from Stitsel's forge to Samuel Foreman's mill dam, in Northumberland (Now Lycoming) county. >» 11 160 REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES ■ TABLE— Ck)ntinued. Off. Doc. DATE OF THE A€T. 1873, March 26. P. L. 421, .... 1804, February 6. Law Book IX, p. 311. P. L. 64. 18^, January 21. Law Book XIX, p. 131, P. L. 13. 1827, March 2. Law Book XX, p. 511, P. L. 67. RIVER OR STREAM DBOLAREID A PUBLIC HIGHWAY. 1860, March 27. ». L. * • • 1782, April 13. Law Book No. 1, p. 322. 1342, August 2 P. L. 467. .... 1848, April 11 P. L. 538^ Wicoff's run, a tri'butary of the Sinnemahoning creek, in the county of Cameron, from its mouth to the sources thereof. Wyosox or Wysox creek. Wyosox creek, in the town of Oaverack, in the county of Luzerne, from the mouth of the same to Jacoib Myer's mill dam. Wysox creek, in the county of Bradford, from Myers' mill to Barne's mill, the distance of aibout four miles. from Sylvester Barnes' mill up to Lent's saw- mill, in Bradford county. T. Yellow creek, in the county of Indiana, from its mouth to the forks of the said creek, near the line of Brush Valley and Pine Townships, in said county. Youghiogany river, as far up as it can be made navigable with iboats and crafts, Youngwoman's creek, in the county of Clinton, commencing at the mouth of said creek and extending twenty miles up said creek. Youngwomanstown creek, in the county of Clinton, and its four principal branches, from their mouths to the northern part of Clinton county. OFFICIAL DOCUMENT, No. 21. INDEX Page. Appropriation for Presque Isle Peninsula, 29 Artificial Propagation, ^^ 109 119 Albert, J. P., Report of, Acker, W . J . , Report of, •••t*»»** ••••■•••••••••• I •♦ %• «#••#»♦»•♦••#* ♦ •♦ ••###•• »« B. Beliefonte Hatchery, ,••» .•#♦»#•.•.••••.. Brook Trout, .#•••••.•#•.•••••♦••••• Brown Trout , .......•»»••».*• .««i»»» • Bluegill Sunfish, .....«••*.••••••••••••*•••••♦••••••••• Black Bass, Bass, Black, Beliefonte Hatchery, Report of, ..,••«••• o. »•■•••' #•-#-«.#-• • * li « J • •••••••••••••■••••■••**** i. • « • * >***##*#•• • • ' '. * ••♦#=' •••••* F#-#**«*«** (••♦♦•♦•••••••* •••••• *• •»««• 9 94 • •••••••••• C/ommissioner of Fisheries, Report of, ...... Commercial Fish Hatcheries, •.••.•••.*••••• Corry Hatchery, .,■#••#••••.•••••••• Commodore Perry, ..•»••«••• Catfish, «,••••••»•••••••• »♦ Corry Hatchery, Report of, . Conclusion , •...*.*••.•••.< ••..#.#..j . . . •#•«# .........«*.••.. t .....•..••■... .... * •••..*• •• . •• »• Davis, Edgar W., Report of, Department of Fisheries, . Distribution for year, •••# Distribution of Corry Hatchery, .. Distribution of Erie Hatchery, DistriT^ution of Beliefonte Hatchery, Distribution of Wayne Hatchery, .. Distribution of Torresdale Hatchery, Distribution of Erie Auxiliary, Distribution of fish to applicants, . . . ,»««•»•♦•*••••••• • • • • • ...•••.«• »••.•• .*••»•• I »#.#•••••••••••• . • . . . . . ..1 I. #..... ••«....< 34 21 m 40 125 1 10 52 80 56 49 62 72 43 E. Erie Hatchery, Erie Auxiliary Erie Hatchery, Report of, Erie Auxiliary, Report of, 11—21—1917 (161) 19 18 77 71 ^^2 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. F. Fishery Commission, Report of, I Financial Statement, Fish Industry, Lake Erie, on Field Superintendent, Report of, * g, Fishways , 32 Fairmont Park Aquarium, , 2q Fish Culturists, Training School for, 24 Fish Wardens, Special, Field Work, 1^ r rOffS 6 , ••••••••••• "••••••••*'••«♦*•— .•...•*^., .«••*... .,„,...,. 39 r ree or Public Waters. H. Hatchery Reports, Holland, C. R., Report of, ,„„ ' , 126 Itemized Expenses of Hatcheries, ,« J. Johnson, M. W., Report of, ™, L, J Letter of Transmittal, « Licenses, Shad Seme, „ Lake Erie Fish Industry, „ Launch on Lake Erie, „ Licenses, Tide Water Seine, ^ ' * ,, ^p Moneys Received ^ Muscalonge, . ___ McCalls Ferry Dam ^ Mcintosh. B. O.. Beport of U4 P. Pollution .,_ 86 Presque Isle Pemnsula. ........:...,..........„..... 29 pr'^.h ■•••■:" •"••• ■■-'■■-■ u p p?" 38 i-erch, like ,....., ....,; ...........,,, sg Perch, lellow ....,..„„. ^j R. Report of rSonrd of Fishery Cnmmission Report of roinmissioner of B'ishcries, Reports of Hatcheries .....'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.', ..' '.' "" 4. Report of Corry Hatchery, „ ****'* • ou No. 21. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. 163 Report of Erie Hatchery, Report of Belief onte Hatchery, Report of Wayne County Hatchery, Report of Torresdale Hatchery, Page. 77 55 46 58 Report of Erie Auxiliary Hatchery, «j Report of Wardens, Report of C. R. Holland, Report of J, P. Albert, Report of Frank F. Saylor, Report of W. E, Shoemaker, .... Report of J. D. Sizer, Report of W. J. Acker, Report of Edgar W. Davis, ...,., Report of Roy A. Watson, ..,,.,. Report of M. W. Johnson, Report of R. O. Mcintosh, • ••«««#a«ftgcj •••<>■ -*■■* # # i • • • • • L 4 # a a • • • . • ••••••#•••••• **»«#»«#«i ••••••••' • •••••• • ••••••• *i^mm*9mmm^m*mt * * * • i «#•#•* I • • a • • • I ^ • # • « • V 103 126 109 110 106 124 119 125 • •••••«••• •*•##( • •••••••••••«i 114 S. Statement of Finances, Shad Seine Licenses, Special Fish Wardens, Sunfish, Bluegill, ...,^«.*%.*j^^„, Saylor, Frank F., Report of, . Shoemaker, W. E., Report of, ...... Sizer, J. D., Report of, .„.,.>.;,•.;;. •••••••••••••••••••••»• •••••• •*■••• • ••••••••••#•9 *^^«*1***«^«*«*> •«•##***•■•. • •#•••• S^^ « ■ • • « '*•••••#•! * ••••••••••••■•■#^^^ ••••••••#! !•••••• T. : Torresdale Hatchery, ,.,,..: .^...,v....... Tide Water Seine Licenses, Training School for Fish Culturists Trout, Brook, Trout, Brown, ... Torresdale Hatchery, Report of, .......•...,......,,....„„.„,»,.,.„,.,....,. • « • • 12 13 130 35 124 20 34 >\ ayne Hatcher^, •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.«•.•••«»»«»»••,»,,*» Wayne County Hatchery, Report of , ...••..•..........,.....„.,,,„...,„,„.. Wardens Report, ••••••••*•••♦••••••••••••••#■•«•.♦♦«, •»,,,*,^^.»a^,,. Watson, R. A., Report of, .♦..♦,«.».„.„..,. .....♦.♦.....„♦♦.,*.. T. Yearly Distribution, Yellow Perch, ••>,♦. • •*•♦•♦♦*••♦♦•••♦••♦•♦♦♦#»•»•♦#«•♦♦♦# ^♦♦####^ I •*•♦•• • ♦#*♦♦♦«♦*♦<►*##>» •«••••••••••«,«,, ••••••••< • ••••• 1 18 46 103 116 10 41