Author: Pennsylvania Board of Fish Commissioners Title: Biennial report for the period ending... Place of Publication: Harrisburg, Pa. Copyright Date: 1938/1940 Master Negative Storage Number: MNS# PSt SNPaAg240.9 ^|BE PENW!^V? VAMIA STATI UNIVc: ... .,; '-^S COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA BOARD OF FISH COMMISSIONERS BIENNIAL REPORT For the Period Ending 4 May 31, 1940 HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA 1940 3 4 0 last year. Pymatuning and the Delaware River are under jurisdiction of various states and it will take some time to accomplish uniform regu- lations. CONSTRUCTION AT HATCHERIES During the last biennium the following important work was done at the various hatcheries, and with the program as outlined above, we should be in a position to increase the number of large fish which will be distributed: PLEASANT GAP, BELLEFONTE— Twenty-two dual purpose ponds were constructed to be used during most of the year for propa- gation of warm water species — in winter months they will be used for holding trout for spring distribution. HUNTSDALE — Completion of twenty-five large ponds for bass and warm water fish production — new modern hatching house in opera- tion completely equipped with metal supply and hatching troughs. Ac- quisition of additional property below present property for contmua- tion of propagating ponds. This new development is approximately one- half mile in length. Installation of aquarium display room for exhibi- tion of native fish of Pennsylvania. In the two years 1938 and 1939 this plant has been increased from 28 to 155 ponds and will have the facilities for propagating all species of fish. This hatchery is one of the outstanding in the State. CORRY— Adoption of a program which will materially increase the output. Remodeling of the ice house by converting it into a modern cold storage plant. TIONESTA — ^Temporary conversion dams replaced by permanent dams— plans completed for installation of cold storage plant. PLEASANT MOUNT— Installation of 40 steel tanks for raising bass. Operations started on Millers and White Oak Pond. This pro- gram was started in 1939 with the purpose of bringing this hatchery back to the very prominent place it occupied previously. We have under way at the present time a construction program which most assuredly, when completed, will give Pennsylvania the largest hatchery layout in the United States. The WPA projects total $842,958, and the work is being done at the following hatcheries : Bellefonte, Centre County Corry, Erie County Huntsdale, Cumberland County Pleasant Mount, Wayne County Pymatuning Sanctuary, Crawford County DISTRIBUTION As this report did not go to press until after the first of the year the Board felt that the distribution figures for 1940 should be mcluded as a part of the Accomplishments because it has marked one of the great- est years in the advance of hatching, propagation and distribution in the history of the Commission, and all records have been kept on a calendar basis instead of fiscal, which is done in most State reports. As set forth in the Accomplishments, the Board is now propagating catfish, sunfish, yellow perch and bass in narrow troughs and baskets which are placed in the various hatching buildings, ponds and lakes' under the control of the Board. It has revolutionized the work, which is shown in the report. We would particularly call your attention to the size of the fish in the statement that follows : WARM WATER FISH The production of black bass has jumped from 254,101 in 1939, to 548,988 in 1940. This is a real accomplishment as 1940 was one of the most peculiar seasons in the history of the State. The Board decided as a matter of policy, to stock larger fish but fewer of them. As an illus- tration, in 1939 we raised 941,447 catfish that had a total weight of 60 tons. During 1940 our distribution of catfish amounted to 498,793 and these fish weighed 113 tons. Our total distribution for this year will show a reduction in the number of fish planted but the total weight will be greatly increased. For the first time in the history of the Commission yellow perch were raised to fingerling size. During 1940 the Board raised and stocked 228,895 yellow perch ; the majority averaged 3}^ to 4 inches. Our future stocking of yellow perch will show an increase in the number of larger fish planted and we believe much better fishing will be had by discontinuing the policy of stocking all fry and concentrating on stocking from fingerling to takeable size fish. The program as outlined will re- quire time but with additions to our hatcheries it will soon be possible to distribute all fingerling and larger size perch. REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION 1940 Species She Number Brook, Brown and Rainbow Trout . 6" to 19" 1,393,330 Trout Fingerlings 2,560,000 Black Bass 1'' to 14" 548,988 Bream 2" to 8" 326,770 Catfish 3" to 11 >4" 498,793 Pike Perch , 13" to 24" 2,540 Yellow Perch 2 J4" to 8" 228,895 Minnows .................... 3" to 6" 81,320 Pickerel 6" to 20" 2,982 Suckers 3" to 18" 39,935 Frog Embryo 149,506 Miscellaneous 102,162 In addition the Board distributed 25,708,600 Pike l^erch, 309,254,600 Yellow Perch, and 12,000,000 Cisco in the fry stage. The distribution of legal size trout amounted to 188 tons and ap- proximately 1,200,000 legal size trout were being held at the hatcheries for the 1940 fishing season. 4 LEGISLATION An important amendment to the Fish Code was Act No. 363, making it unlawful for any person to make, sell or have in possession a net larger than four (4) feet square or four (4) feet in diameter without a permit therefor issued by the Board. This amendment was recommended by the Federation of Sportsmen owing to the fact that many arrests were being made in the northeast- ern section of the Commonwealth where seines and large nets are being used and under the present law the fine was only $20.00. As amended the Board can assess a fine of $100.00 for every net which is not prop- erly registered, and if those violating have fish in their possession, ad- ditional penalties can also be imposed. Another popular amendment was that which takes the size limit and season from rock bass. Complaints were received from all sections of the State that before the opening of the black bass season thousands of these fish were being caught and unfortunately a great many fishermen confused them with the sunfish. After making a field study over a period of two years, it was decided by the Board to remove the restrictions, and apparently it has met with approval. ADDITIONAL FISHING WATERS During the last biennium 598 acres of water and 107 miles of stream were opened to the public in addition to those waters which had always been fishable. The Board also purchased Big Spring, located at Spring- field, Cumberland County. This now belongs to the fishermen of Penn- sylvania and will always be open to the public. "'"•'"■"'"'"*" REPORT OF C. R. DULLER Chief Fish Cuhurist FISH CULTURAL ACTIVITIES STOCKING LARGER FISH The Board of Fish Commissioners has had its field agents making extensive studies of fish conditions in the State. These studies have resulted in a change of the stocking system to try to meet conditions as they exist today. Each year the fishing population is increasing while due to drought and other factors, the natural annual fish yield in the Hatchery Building, Corry lakes, rivers, and streams is becoming less. From what meager facts can be learned, the natural fish yield was but a few pounds per acre when the waters were at their best. With the decrease in this natural yield, plus the increased number of fishermen, the old method of stock- ing fingerling fish in the lakes and rivers will not suffice. The same factors that have placed checks upon the yield of fish have also been detrimental to the many forms of life that go to make up the food of the game fish. In addition to this, trout streams, rivulets, major bass streams and many lakes and ponds have been raped for the larger forms of fish food organisms to satisfy the demands of the bait fisher- men. As a rule the denser fishing population is in the industrial sec- tions of the State where the water areas are small or of an inferior quality. Many of those who reside in these sections do not have the facilities to travel distances to fish and must and are being given this form of recreation. Fortunately for the Commission, many of these anglers are not so discriminating and are satisfied to angle for many of the kinds of fish that are looked upon with disdain by those who prefer trout or bass. Studies have been made of all suitable waters in these thickly popu- lated districts and many areas are being regularly stocked with fish of takeable size, such as bream, catfish, yellow perch, and carp. While the growing of bream, catfish, and yellow perch is not as tech- nical a task as that of producing the annual crop of trout and bass, yet problems have arisen which were not anticipated when the program was inaugurated. When these species are held in great numbers at the hatch- eries for the length of time required, disease control and diet problems enter the picture. Besides this, the stocking of larger fish requires an extra amount of space and a vast amount of food. There is an increase in Newly Completed Eight-Acre Bass Brood Pond at Corry Hatchery labor costs in caring for the fish and an increase in transportation cost when planting the fish. But it is generally agreed by all those who have given the program careful study that the cost is commensurate with the results obtained. SPRING AND OPEN SEASON STOCKING More trout were planted in the spring of the year for the 1941 trout fishing season than ever before, and it is the intent of the Board to gradually increase the spring and mid-season stocking until eventually comparatively few trout will be stocked in the fall of the year. This change-over is being made as hatchery conditions can be adjusted to care for the fish. This involves the holding of from 75 to 100 tons of fish hve to six months longer than was done in the past, and this pro- gram is to he carried out without a major reduction in the annual yield. The spring and open season planting is becoming necessary chiefly be- cause of the frequent drought periods. From the middle of July to the following February it is not uncommon for many of the major trout strearns to become reduced 85% in surface water acres, and in some cases to entirely cease to flow. Even a number of the famous limestone streams fall 50% in surface area during these periods. The periodic drying up of many of the tributary streams and the diminished flow in the major streams have destroyed much of the natural trout food. In many cases the larger trout streams do not now contain more than 10 to 15 pounds Warm Water Fish— Ponds Under Construction at Corry of bottom organisms per acre (dry weight). It is estimated that it re- quires from five to seven pounds of this kind of food to support a pound of trout for twelve months. Consequently, in the average stream there IS only enough food to support a very few pounds of fish for any length of time. During drought periods the fish must collect in the deeper pools in order to survive. Under these conditions the loss is very heavy due to cannibalism and destruction from predatory animals. Severe winter weather also takes its toll, as streams with a small water flowage freeze sohd for short periods. THE PYMATUNING SANCTUARY The Pymatuning Reservoir located in Crawford County, Pennsyl- vania, and Astabula County, Ohio, is composed of two separate dams the main section comprising 12,000 water acres, and a smaller reservoir 8 comprising 2,500 water acres. This smaller dam located near Linesville, Crawford County, is known as the Pymatuning Sanctuary and the dam and surrounding land were set aside as a wild life refuge. In 1934 it was stocked with large-mouthed bass, pike perch, yellow perch, bream, catfish, and golden shiner minnows. Stocking was con- tinued until the fall of 1937. Carp, suckers, and possibly some game fish were in the slack water section when the area was flooded. Newly flooded areas such as the Sanctuary are generally very productive in fish life. This area was exceptionally so, and by the spring of 1939 it had apparently reached its biological capacity or limit, and it was thought advisable to remove some of the fish and stock them in public waters. Where a body of water is inhabited by fish and the yield is not uti- lized, it soon reaches a saturation point or biological limit; and unless Nursery Pools Under Construction at Pleasant Gap Unit, Bellefonte Hatchery the yield is utilized in some manner, the area will be depopulated by disease or in time result in a crop of undersized or runt fish. When the field crew was detailed to remove some of the fish no def- inite plan for the future use of the reservoir was given consideration. The thought was to remove a certain number of fish to temporarily relieve the crowded condition. As the fish removal program progressed and those in charge became more familiar with conditions, a plan for the permanent use of the site for fish production was inaugurated. The 2,500 acres were to be used as a natural fish farm. In time it will be known approximately what the yield is in pounds per acre of each species and this yield will be removed and stocked in public waters. In addition to the annual removal of adult fish, eggs of some species and the fry of others will be collected and taken to the hatcheries to be grown to a suitable size for stocking. grown lo In order to derive the utmost in fish production, the foUowine Dro- fraTnrr^h^''"^.^"'''?''^- P''^'' ^^^ ^^'"^ constructed a3 Sev- eral natural bays adjacent to the proposed hatchery buildine and these areas are being subdivided into ponds. Four, covering apfroximatev oli'strucHo;^ Th ^''". "'^'''t'"^- ^'"^ ^"^'^^ additionaf onTare^ of the Ser in tl Jtlf 'V^' P°"^' *'" "°™^"y ^^'"^■'^ ^t the level ot the water in the lake. To prevent stagnation, a circulation will be Daphnia Beds Under Construction at the Pleasant Gap Unit of the Bellefonte Hatchery created by pumping water directly from the main reservoir, passine it the^^o^^df b/gS;!' ^"' ^^'■'"•"■"^ ■* ^° «- ^-- ^^'^ poinrthToy earTv'snrwIf ^"^ ^° ^lu'^"^ \°' ^ ""'"''" ^^ purposes. In the very early spring, as soon as the ice leaves the main lake and netting opera- tions can begin, such adult fish as the pike perch, suckers and vellow Ecies^ndlerfo"oM" t^^^""'^" ''h^^' -'" "^ takin from't l^^ and sent to other fish farms to be hatched. After this ess yield has been taken, a certain number of the parent fish will be distributed m approved stocking waters and the balance returned to the lake 194r^tS.m.'n'^' °^i^^'^ ''' *^«P""& of 1940 and the spring of 1941 with teniporary holding pens, it appears that when the ponds are m operation the egg crop should be sufficient to take care of the hatch! enes m the central and western parts of the State. hrnTtf*'^^^'^ following this operation, the pools will be filled with brood bass and catfish. After these species spawn in their natural wav 10 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA BOARD OF FISH COMMISSIONERS C. A. FRENCH, Commissioner of Fisheries C. R. BuUer, Chief Fish Culturist MEMBERS — ^Board of Fish Commissioners C. A. French, Chairman Edgar W. Nicholson, Philadelphia M. L. Peek, Radnor Harry E. Weber, Philipsburg J. Fred McKean, New Kensington H. R. Stackhouse, Secretary to Board SUPERINTENDENTS OF HATCHERIES Wayne County Hatchery No. 1— J. L. Zettle, Superintendent, Pleasant Mount. Erie Hatchery No. 2— P. H. Hartman, Erie, Erie County. Corry Hatchery No. 3— A. G. Buller, Corry, Erie County. Bellefonte and Spring Creek Hatchery No. A — Dewey Sorenson, Bellefonte, Centre County. Torresdale Hatchery No. 5— John Wopart, Holmesburg, Philadelphia County. Union City Hatchery No. 6— A. G. Buller, Union City, Erie County. Reynoldsdale Hatchery No. 7~T. R. Sorenson, Reynoldsdale, Bedford County. Tionesta Hatchery No. 8— Bernard Gill, Tionesta, Forest County. Huntsdale Hatchery No. 9— T. J. Dingle, Huntsdale, Cumberland County. ot others will be collected and taken to the hatcheries to be grown to a suitable size for stocking. S'own lo In order to derive the utmost in fish production, the followin? oro- fraTnatu"r7h5""^ r""'°P"'- i^"^'^^^ ''' "^^'"^ constructed aS Lv- eral natural bays adjacent to the proposed hatchery building and these areas are being subdivided into poncls. Four, covering approximate v cZ'tZTn '' rf ''''" '•■'^'"P'f "•' ^"'' '^'^^^ additionaf ones aremdt orthe 'mer IfuJfl '"t'' P""^''^ "■'" "«"™"y •"^"^^^ ^^ the leve ot the uater in the lake. To prevent stagnation, a circulation will be Daphnia Beds Under Construction at the Pleasant Gap Unit of the Bellefonte Hatchery created by pumping water directly from the main reservoir, passing it Z'S"^^^ ^"^ P^™'"'"^ '* ^° «-^ f-- this poin? thro^ These ponds are to be used for a number of purposes. In the verv early spnng, as soon as the ice leaves the main lake and nett"ng oplra- ner"ch wni hT"- «"*, ''^'f ^'^' 'V^'' ^'''^' P^^^^, suckers, and fellow snedes ancf seTtn'''/" ^'^Tr"''''' V'^,'^^' ^''" '^^ '^^'"^ fron, these h^ fi . ,! ^'"'■'' ^'^ ^^""^ t° he hatched. After this egg yield a^ been taken, a certain number of the parent fish will be distributed .n approved stocking waters and the balance returned to the lake ]yfr.!^,w/''""' °Yir^^ '" ^^^ 'P"'"g '^f l'^-^0 ='"d the spring of 1941 with temporary holding pens, it appears that when the ponds are inoperation the egg crop should be sufficient to take care of the hatch enes m the central and western parts of the State. Inimediately following this operation, the pools will be filled with Lrood bass and catfish. After ihe.c species spJwn in their natural wav 10 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA BOARD OF FISH COMMISSIONERS C. A. FRENCH, Commissioner of Fisheries C. R. BuUer, Chief Fish Culturisl MEMBERS — Board of Fish Commissioners C. A. French, Chairman Edgar W. Nicholson, Philadelphia M. L. Peek, Radnor Harry E. Weber, Philipsburg J. Fred McKean, New Kensington H. R. Stackhouse, Secretary to Board SUPERINTENDENTS OF HATCHERIES Wayne County Hatchery No. 1— J. L. Zettle, Superintendent, Pleasant Blount. Erie Hatchery No. 2— P. H. Hartman, Erie, Erie County. Corry Hatchery No. 3— A. G. BuUer, Corry, Erie County. Bellefonte and Spring Creek Hatchery No. 4— Dewey Sorenson, Bellefonte, Centre County. Torresdale Hatchery No. 5— John Wopart, Holmesburg, Philadelphia County, Union City Hatchery No. 6— A. G. Buller, Union City, Erie County. Reynoldsdale Hatchery No. ^-T. R. Sorenson, Reynoldsdale, Bedford County. Tionesta Hatchery No. 8— Bernard Gill, T^wsta, For«rt Cowity. Huntsdale Hatchery No. 9— T. J. Dingle, Huntsdale, Cumberland County. INTFNTTONAf- 2ND BXPOSURE C. A. FRENCH Commissioner of Fisheries EDGAR A. GUEST The Poet of the People FISHING SCHOOL (An eastern college announces a course in fishing) Not out of books In musty nooks By study and reciting Can a youngster learn To what flies to turn When the Ma>1;inie trout $am biting j Not in the gloom ~^ Of a stifling room ~ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^ ~r^™ With scarcely an hour of sunning Can a lad be shown How baits are thrown When the pickerel are running. Oh, never that way For monthly pay Can you teach how lines are baited, For by love alone Are fisher-boys grown And properly educated. Some man must take To stream or lake The boy that has started wishing For the thrills divine Linked to rod and line And teach him the art of fishing. (Reprinted by courtesy of The GeorKe Matthew Adams Service" LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL His Excellency Governor Arthur H. James, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Sir: Conforming to provisions of article V, section 504, of the Adminis- trative Code, we present herewith Biennial Report of Operations of the Board of Fish Commissioners for the period ending May 31, 1940. Some of the statistical data has been compiled for the calendar year 1940 so those who fish in Pennsylvania will have a complete picture of present day activities. Respectfully, BOARD OF FISH COMMISSIONERS C. A. French, Commissioner of Fisheries, E. W. Nicholson, M. L. Peek, H. E. Weber, J. Fred McKean. TO THE FISHERMEN : We are pleased to report that the last two years have shown more real progress than in any previous biennium. With the program as out- lined the ensuing two years should show even greater advancement. This statement is based on the following : 1. Production of large size fish will be greately increased, includ- ing sunfish, catfish and yellow perch, the majority of which have pre- viously been distributed in the fry stage. 2. The results of line breeding will be coming into their own and there should be a very promising report during the next two years. 3. The scientific laboratory which is used for research, etc., is now in full operation and the Board will be in a position to check and carry on the various experiments which are SO necessary in a program such as set up by Pennsylvania. 4. The transportation and rearing problem will be practically solved with the result that fish can be reared and transported to the streams and waters at a great reduction in the former costs for this function. 5. The development of the Pymatuning Sanctuary should be well under way in the next biennium, and in our opinion it will be the largest natural fish hatchery in the world, supplying more warm water species than all other hatcheries combined. JUNIOR CONSERVATIONISTS In previous reports we have stressed the point that the fishing of the future rests with the youth of Pennsylvania. It is pleasing to report that a large number of sportsmen's groups in various parts of the Com- monwealth have organized Junior Conservation Groups, and they are already doing a grand job. * Practically all groups have set up certain standards for the awarding of merit badges, which provide that those qualifying must know the principal natural resources of their locality —the principal fish, birds and animals — their seasons and how protected, present evidence of direct assistance in conservation projects, such as fighting forest fires— help in checking erosion, building shelters, plant- ing trees, etc. A supporting program such as this will bear real fruit m the future. We wish to thank you for the fine cooperation you have given the Board. Commissioner of Fisheries. REPORT OF THE BOARD OF FISH COMMISSIONERS FOR THE PERIOD ENDING MAY 31, 1940. ACCOMPLISHMENTS C. A. FRENCH, Commissioner of Fisheries CHANGED FISH CULTURE METHODS During 1940 radical changes were made from the old system of pro- pagating catfish, sunfish, yellow perch, and bass. Under the new system, the raising of these fish is being done in narrow troughs in our hatching buildings, also baskets which are placed in various lakes and ponds under the control of the Board. This method has revolutionized this work, and we will now be able to raise great numbers of these fish in a very limited space. The beginning of this new cultural work was one of the most outstanding accomplishments of 1940. LINE BREEDING For three years we have made a study of line breeding of fish, and as far as we know this has never been attempted anywhere. Line breed- ing has been successful in many other fields such as cattle, horses, flowers, fruit, etc., and we see no reason why it cannot be done with fish. A long range program has l>een set up and at the present time the initial fish to be used in this experiment have already been hatched at Bellefonte, and while it will take a number of years to develop the strain of fish, we believe we will eventually be able to produce an average ten to twelve inch trout in a year instead of the average six inch fish which we raise at the present time. BASS STOCKING IN LAKES For the first time we will stock bass in the lakes of this state. A survey over a two year period has shown the type of fish inhabiting these bodies of water and has proven to the Board that lakes haying an area of forty acres or more which are open to the public for fishing and now contain bass should be included in this program starting with 1941. TANK TRUCKS The tank trucks in operation during the last few years have proved such a tremendous success that the Board has constructed an additional eleven (11) which are now in use. In comparison, it is well to state that in 1936 when pails and cans were in use, the Board stocked ap- proximately 129 tons of fish, requiring a truck mileage of 456,461 miles, while in 1939 there were approximately 305 tons planted, with a truck mileage of only 386,160 miles. 1 REFRIGERATION VAN TYPE TRUCK at '^££A^T^^^[:^ZSu^'i^ °' ''''■ h^' ^^'-""^ '* is insulated. It was put in ooeratinn n %^q" P!:^'""''^' ^ *e truck a considerable amoum of mHea.. .= .^ ^"^- ^^\ '=^^^^ ^^e Board equal to two tHpTTtVf old' tyi^; Du rnVl73/fo^9 1^"^ ^'" '^'^ kmds of feed were fed at the hLheries4hLTeJf ?nc\T;sing;TaT UNIFORMS FOR ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS group'^in the country The, Ze.uTl -^^ ?^ ^"r °^^^' conservation essary equipment ^ ^ '° ^""^ furnished with other nec- RESEARCH r^\:T,l in^^perati'of thif^L? SX '^T-f '^^ ^"^ -"' ^^ periment with raisine of cn,vfi.V!,^I' ' P'^"* ^^ ^^P^^* *» ex- rious kinds of aquadc life w th L h7 f^f "^ '"'■""°^''' ^"^ ^a- only fish but food fo them-te te on ^ °^ '"'"'"""^ ^*°*^'^*"g "°t REFRIGERATION BUILDINGS imum storage capacity of ninetv tnr,. P"^.'"*° "^e. They have a max- of approxiiately^5& mil": L truckage. "'" "^''" ^" ^"""^' ^^^'°« PYMATUNING SANCTUARY the°r:S"a\^°lf%"raTunS fef ->'>-,t'-^'.v been started in naturalhitcheryof itsk"nds and ll'^T ^^'-^ ^•" "^^ ^he largest years, we believe" v 11 be po.s^Jli tn t,''^*^ f'''""'^^' °^'^'- '^e past Two exceed the output o any of^ou hatchenV? T.-"''? °f ^'^ ""-^'^^ ^'» -nterfere in any way with^ its o^HgiSturlfo^se ^^^^a:!^;!^ ACQUISITION OF RESERVOIRS Through the kindness of several wat^r\.„ granted permission to use theirTwLTi u'""P^"'?'' ^^ ^^"^ been areas.ha^ been turned ovlrto 1 Fish Ar""'-'^^" ^^^^^^^ '^^^^ capacity, and we will harvest a c?onnf ficw""!^"""". *° "^« '" this any expense other thanTctuallv ?.tf,l5 lu""^^^"" ^'^^out involving very important step Warring ^t"^ *f ^'^- ^^ ^^el this is I the part of the water companies °"' " '"'"' ^P'"* °^ cooperation on UNIFORM REGULATIONS tioIrfoTth^ e'nTe s't2rThetst sZ"tt2-^""'^°^'" ^^* °^ -^"I- year when the Lake Erie ree-ukHnnc , "^ *'']' direction was taken this the fry of the bass will be removed, a portion will be grown in the tanks and wire fish nurserv batteries at this site, and the balance sent to other plants. The parents will be replaced in the lake. The entire crop of baby catfish will be handled at the fish farms in the western part of the State, and the adults sent out for stocking purposes. When the fall removal of adult fish takes place from the main lake, these pools will then be used as holding areas. The plans for the main building call for a two and a half story com- bination hatchery building and garage, to be constructed of random ashlar sandstone. The first floor will be a tank room for the handling and growing of fish, the second floor will be a garage and workshop, and the third floor will be used as storage space for nets and equipment. A novel feature incorporated in the plan is a boat slip which extends into the tank room where the newly designed live fish car can be floated. The Newly Constructed Rearing Pool at Huntsdale live fish car is a device used to boat the live fish as they are taken from the nets to the boat landing. When this car enters the slip in the build- ing, an electric crane will lift the transferable tanks full of fish and con- vey them to a connection of running water. The load of fish can then be sorted and graded without delaying the car and without danger of loss of fish. In farming this 2,500 acres of water, the following schedules of operation are to be carried out each year. In the early spring as soon as the ice disappears, netting operations will begin. The fish run will consist largely of suckers, pike perch, and yellow perch. The eggs of these species will be collected and a portion of the adult yellow perch will be used for stocking purposes. The balance as well as all the pike perch and suckers wil be released in the lake, for the present time at 11 feLIs''tf4Ws^li1^^^^^^^^^^ T'"^- °f ^---d pike and bass tions will con Le for catfish Ih kT' ^"^ *^' t^^'°"' "^"'"S optve^. becomes too hgh for this woJlcAlI^^r .Tu' '^^ u^^*^*" ^^^erature in the distribution prog anT The ioe of h ^""^ '''■'^"' ^'" ^" "^^^ time when the bass 3 .Tffi t u °^ ^'"^ operation will be at the size that can be lifted and tSnsf^^^^^^^^^ ^"^ '''' y°""& ^^^ °f a to using the artificial oonk «f h^ !i '^ ""'"'^'■y ^'■^*«- I" addition in the fpen lak have Can staked offTnd'Vh"^"'''' Tr*"^ S^°""ds these places. This work will rontJn,?/*-,^^'"^ T' ''^ ^^^^"^ f^om time the small bream will have develnn^H ffi°"* /"''^ «"*• ^t that placed in pools to grmv The bream rXi-'"*'^,"''^ *° ^^ ''^^^d and the first of August^ B, ^X^^^t^l^T^ ^ ^ Daphnia Beds Under Construct ion at the Huntsdale Hatchery work, The 'fa,rS:p LTS" wiluTaT Ir ^""".^^^ ^°'- ^"^'^ "^-^ °f the lake freezes over AH vellow Jr^C' 1 ^^" ^°'> ^'" "^^nt'^'e ""til season of the year will^i ^s^lte^i'LT^w^^^^^^^ *^^- ^^ ^^is gattT^nl^clu'sX cLttShrm '•^"'"^'- ^'■''•^ ^"^^ ^^ ^^e carp as this curiositv has beeHiven 1 ,1 Ki'-f '^"''i ""''^ '^^ sanctuarv, screen. Thousands of tour^ts "isTt th7.i,^''"'^ '"the press and on the voir, the carp have become foabfLLV I' f'l""^"^- ^" ^^^ "i^'" '''^'- being of all the fish t^r^move ""nrH^ J V "^"^^^--y for the well- captures about twenty tons and stock H?.-^f>'"- ^"""^"-^ ^he Board for the pleasure of those who /„?"-« '^■'" '"* "^^^ropolitan districts become so popular in the ptaLTe^ 1?;"^ ^.^ tlS^mtV^a: 12 become so great for their planting in similar areas, that in order to con- serve and assure a continuous supply, the number that was formerly allotted each district had to be materially reduced. The farming of the Pymatuning Sanctuary is an important part of the Board of Fish Commissioners' fisheries program for the following reasons : (1) Each year it is producing a number of tons of large fish for stocking purposes at little cost. (2) The Board would not be in a position to conduct a state-wide stocking program of takeable catfish, bream, and other fish if the numbers grown at the other fish farms could not be supple- mented from this source. (3) The collection of small bass, bream, and catfish from the sanc- tuary greatly reduces the number of brood fish that were formerly Hatchery Building and Pools at the Pleasant Mount Hatchery retained at the other plants ; and the ponds which were formerly used for this purpose are now used to hold and grow more pounds of fish for distribution. (4) Indications are that in a few years the sanctuary will supply the majority of the pike perch egg requirements. Heretofore, there was no place in Pennsylvania where the eggs could be collected and it was necessary to acquire them from outside sources. (5) Suckers are planted in a number of waters of the State. Last spring the sanctuary produced a number of the sucker eggs, and it appears that when the holding spaces are available, the number of eggs taken will fulfill the needs of the western plants. 13 (6) It is now supplying and should continue to supply the yellow perch egg crop for the western part of the State (7) It supplies the carp that furnish fishing in the many water areas that would not be suitable for the more gamey varktils NEW METHODS OF REARING FISH A few years ago it was generally acknowledged by fish culturist.; th=>t SeSernf kM V ''' '^^^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^^L'^-ltut tS^^^^ ^S^{^^:^:Ci:^-^ sma^ u-ni^ ^ T^^SfeTiif tages of the smaller ponds as compared with the "arger ones are H f Frv of more uniform age could be more easily kept seDarated T? V A ■* ^ uniform growth could be effected as a larS^Urcenfof t^^fi ^ J"^^ be taught to take artificial fnnr) r^\ \vt ^^[5^"* °\ *"« fish could smallerVols could be egTeU:d^,i,SL darJ^the S™'' °"*' '"T ■ng over the entire area. ^ °* ^^^ "^'^^^"^ ^P''^ad- undUt"rre°sLT£ ream laffisf anT'n^' "" °^ ^^'" ^•"^"^ "-^«- successfu^'lly grown in smaTunTtf Sier 'he'fiTh Trru'^deTth'e""^ 7'' observat on of the attenrlantc Ti.^e • under the constant for «;i7P •«« Brook Trout in the Act of Spawning — Another Position of the Female While Excavating the Nest B-«.. T„„ ,. .„ ... Of S^™._.„,„ ,„,„„ ., „. ,_,. 18 Brook Trout in the Act of Spawning— The Female Is in the Act of Covering the Newly Deposited Eggs With Gravel 19 1 "" "°"* '" ■" *" °' £=rs^S-' '■■■. - ^'~.. D„„. Brook Trout in the Act of Spawning — Another Position of the Female While Excavating the Nest Brook Trout in the Act of Spawning-Another Position of the F^ma,. Excavating the Nest **emal< 18 Brook Trout in the Act of Spawning-The Female Is in the Act of Covering the Newly Deposited Eggs With Gravel 19 INTENTIONAL 2ND EXPOSURE Wire Fish Nursery Batteries in Use at Pleasant Mount CONTROLLED BASS CULTURE the growing of bass and aTso brnVng to light '^ nZiber^f^w 'T,f '"/ that can and are being applied to fheUlfeof othTr j:o^d fishes""' could not be induced to take /rtfff.tf / i i u°P'"'°" *^^* ^"1^" bass about the cul ure of the dadin I th! ^"'^ ''u'^"'" ""'^ ^^' ^nown for the very young £h'te"'n7n^toTS y'tL^r^^uW ^^^^^^ they wL sup;^fwrte^';^: ot^roC a^ Sis'^r's °r^o :ttsT aX£t^°°'' f"' tSefrX^ thesf arS^ resulted in a' very s™\^,^?Z''b" rse^'helelu t T 'h°'' 'f "^"^"^ many things that 'could nJt be comrollU'bVthot irchargr'"* "^^^ titieJ^a^d'-rtSs^^furttTbarcoXb^e'^-'^H '" '^"^^ '^-"■ than live food. These advancentntc c1 ''°"'i,''^ '"^""d to take other able for growing the bass bv Z Tl^ P P°°'' "^"'^ "°* ^"'*- signing or'new coCrucS otSe";Ss. '"' '"""'^^^ '" ^^^ ^^^ 20 The artificial culture of daphnia, the feeding of artificial food to the small bass, and the use of smaller ponds for the baby fish, were the first major steps forward in this work. The advantages of the smaller pools over the larger ones were: (1) Bass of different hatching periods could be more easily kept separated. (2) Pools could be more thor- oughly cleaned and sterilized. (3) A larger percent of the bass could be induced to take artificial food, resulting in a more uniform growth, which tends to somewhat reduce cannibalism. While the smaller pool had these and other advantages over the larger ones, it still left much of the results to factors that could not be entirely controlled. The use of the smaller areas led to the thought that the closer the bass could be kept under control during their first growing period, the better the outcome would be, and this terminated in experi- ments with the use of tanks and screened floating boxes for this work. The results have been so satisfactory that this year the Board has in operation at the different plants 185 tanks and 200 boxes, with 100 additional tanks under construction for next year's use. Briefly this system appears to have the following advantages over the pond culture : Reduces labor costs — one attendant can care for and feed more bass in the confined areas than is generally the case in the pools. Better sanitation, as the tanks and boxes can be cleaned daily. Absolute control over predators such as water beetles, water tigers, etc. Control over cannibalism, as the fish can be sorted at frequent in- tervals. Portable Metal Tanks in Use at the Pleasant Mount Hatchery for Bass Culture 21 Better observation and control over fish parasites or diseases. c„lfc '" -n K ^^^^^P^"^on of your Board that much more satisfactory re- sults will be had when bass are stocked of a much larger size than are being p anted at the present time. From the studies made in this work [n the past several years, it is thought that this will be a reality in the not wer; us'^'/Tm .1^^'" ^'/^ '' ^^^^^^ ^^^"^ P^-l^ th^t formerly were used to hold the bass through their first growing period will be utilized for the growing of the bass through their second |rowth per od and tanks or boxes will take the place of^he pools now in use for the L'.Ldt'- '^? ^'TP^ ^^J^''' '^''' ^^^^"^^ ^^^^^"t the necessity of build- ing additional pools for this purpose. 22 No. 160 (Act No. 364) LEGISLATION The only new legislation since the last Biennial Report is as follows, most of which was recommended by the Pennsylvania State Federation of Sportsmen at the Annual Meetings : LEGISLATION ENACTED, 1939 SESSION SENATE BILLS Provides for the taking of rock bass at any time of the year and removes size limit on rock bass, in the inland waters; amends the inland waters fish laws to con- form with resolution of the Board reducing the daily creel limit on certain species of fish, bait-fish and fish-bait ; provides for the issuing of new licenses and buttons (resident and non-resident) for fifty (50) cents and upon affidavit in case both license and button are lost or destroyed; provides that an additional penalty of ten (10) dollars may be imposed for each fish caught or had in possession contrary to the rules and regulations of the Board; provides author- ity for the Board to close streams and other waters as nursery waters for such periods of time and under such methods of adver- tising as the Board may prescribe ; provides for the taking of bait-fish and fish-bait on Sunday and provides the Board authority to acquire title to or control of land or buildings or fishing rights or other rights on land suitable for the protection, propa- gation and management of fish life or for public fishing or administrative purposes, etc, by purchase, gift, lease, or otherwise. No. 982 (Act No. 363) Provides that it shall be unlawful for any person to make, sell* or have in possession a net larger than four (4) feet square or four (4) feet in diameter without a permit therefor issued by the Board and providing a penalty for violation of not less than one hundred' (100) dollars nor more than two hundred (200) dollars and imprisonment for a term of thirty (30) days. There has been much discussion throughout the State requesting a shorter season on trout, elimination of the fish basket or eel rack, pro- hibiting night fishing, etc., but any legislation of this character would have to be approved bv the Federation of Sportsmen s Clubs before being presented to the Legislature. 23 In so far as eel rack permits are concerned, they only average about 200 in the inland waters and 15 in the upper section of the Delaware River. Those waters in which they can be used in the inland area are :— the Susquehanna River below the boundary line of the city of Pittston and the Duryea borough line on the north branch ; below the bridge at the Northumberland-Lycoming County line on the west branch ; in the Juniata River below Mount Union. The permits are issued in the Upper Delaware only because the State of New York permits the same device to be used by their residents and Pennsylvania believes that those who live on our side of the river should have the same privilege. Repeated efforts have been made to have the law amended but up to this time with no results. The following statement will show the nuifiber of eels taken in the Delaware River and the inland waters during 1939 and 1940 together with the estimated value: 1939 ^ , No. of lbs. Value Delaware River 10,890 $1,242.00 Inland Waters 27,663 4,101.24 It certainly doesn^t look like a paying proposition, and if they were chmmated, it would aid greatly in the enforcement of the Fish Laws in these areas and at the same time eliminate many bitter differences among the operators themselves. PYMATUNING LAKE The new regulations as set up by the State of Ohio and the Pennsvl- vania Commission governing fishing in the Pymatuning Lake have met with general approval, and it is hoped that within the next year or two these regulations will be made to conform more closely to the laws governing fishing in the inland waters. 1940 No. of lbs. Value 8,520 $989.00 29,961 4,273.73 ENFORCEMENT ,. ^^^rSS ^^^ "lo^t important functions of the Board is that of protec- ion. This can only be done by efficient officers, and Pennsylvania be- lieves it has just that. nf ^hl'^F- ^^S2"\^"&.f .^^^"lar officer capable of enforcing the provisions rn,ir.P nf .. ^ ^' '^ IS necessary for the applicant to pass a strenuous course of training in addition to which he is part of a selective service By that we mean the man is first selected for his general appearance* physique mental alertness, manner of speech, and his ability to make a tair rating in the general examination. Upon being accepted he is assigned to one of the hatcheries for a period of from six to eight weeks where he is subjected to manual labor and all phases of the work nec- essary in the hatching, propagation and distribution of fish. 24 n Upon the completion of this course he is then assigned to duty in the field, with the understanding that he will continue his training at the Officers' Training School which is held each year at the Spring Creek Project. This school has been most popular and the regular curriculum in- cludes instruction in self-defense by officers of the State Police — ^lectures on law enforcement — proper procedure in prosecutions — round table discussions on problems in various sections — control of stocking — special instructions for management of Deputy Fish Wardens who are assigned to their districts. The school is also attended by members of the Board who instruct the men on questions which are constantly coming before the Board and which in most instances can be cleared up by the men in the field, etc. During the years the school has been in operation, a tremendous im- provement has been shown in the efficiency of all officers. The training has given both a physical and mental development which commands more wholesome respect for observance of the law in their respective communities, and above all, has taught them their serious responsibilities and obligations to the fishermen of the Commonwealth. If, after completing the course, the new applicant still desires to be- come a regular officer, the Board feels that with good judgment he has all the qualifications necessary and he is put on his own. It is pleasing to know that at least ninety-eight percent of those selected develop into excellent enforcement officers. A statement of the number of arrests during the last biennium will be found in the statistical data. The last few years have shown that it is not always the number of arrests a man makes, it is the fact that he is respected in his community and has made it a better place to live in that counts. True, you will always have the violator, but we have found that the present day picture is much different from that of ten years ago, which of course has been due in a large way to the great number of organized sportsmen's groups and the excellent work they have done among the Junior Conservationists. Let us hope that the future will mean an easier job for the officer so that he can devote more of his time to education and by training the younger groups, create a respect for the laws which will eventually result in making all those who fish and hunt in the community, and who are stockholders in the Commission, self-appointed wardens. In this way the future will indeed be preserved. Let's all pull together and do what we can to bring this about. The accompanying photograph will be of much interest to fishermen. We^ hope that you will be proud that our Regular Officers are now equipped with full uniforms. In our opinion their appearance will equal that of any other conservation group in the country, and many favor- able comments have been received from all sections of the Common- wealth. ACQUISITION OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES AS FISH PROPAGATING AREAS For many years the Board of Fish Commissioners has endeavored to secure for the fishermen of Pennsylvania, the right to fish in public water supplies. Where this could not be accomplished, an effort was made to acquire the water area for propagation purposes. Unfortunately, no progress was made until April of this year, and the first agreement of this kind was entered into with the Philadelphia Suburban Water Company, Bryn Mawr, turning over what is known as their Springton Reservoir on Cruni Creek, Delaware County. The water area is approximately 400 acres and will be used as a co- operative nursery, which will in no way interfere with the operation of the Reservoir as a water supply. Under the plan which has been formu- lated, it will be possible to greatly increase the distribution of bass, sun- fish, catfish and suckers. After a careful biological study which is already in progress, it will be possible for the Board to annually remove the surplus small fish, take them to the different State Hatcheries where they will be grown to a size suitable for stocking in the public waters. The surplus mature fish will be planted direct from the Reservoir into suitable fishing areas where the public- is allowed to fish. While the Reservoir will be posted as a nursery and all fishing pro- hibited on the main body of water, the agreements which have been previously set up will still be in force; that is, the public may enjoy fishing in that part of the Reservoir from the bridges and highway em- bankments carrying the Gradyville Road and the Bishop Hollow Road across the Reservoir. Agreement has also been consummated between the Board of Fish Commissioners and the Borough of West Chester. The Board hopes that other water companies in Pennsyl^nia will follow their example inasmuch as the fish crops in most of these reser- voirs could be harvested through an agreement with the State Fish Com- mission. It would be a direct benefit to the anglers and would greatly increase the distribution and, still more important, would be conserving a natural resource which is now going to waste. PYMATUNING SANCTUARY On June 1, 1940, an agreement was signed by the Department of Forests and Waters, the Game Commission, and the Board of Fish Commissioners enabling the Board to establish a Fish Farm in the refuge area of the Pymatuning Reservoir. In the construction of Pymatuning Reservoir, Crawford County, comprising approximately 18,000 acres, a game and fish sanctuary of 3,700 acres was created on the upper dam and adjacent land, 2,500 acres of which are now covered with water. For the past two years we have made extensive biological surveys of this area and as a result, it was found the sanctuary had reached a point in fish production where a Proposed Site of Hatching Building at Pymatuning Sancutary certain amount would have to be removed annually to prevent loss. These fish are to be used in stocking the main body of the lake, the surplus to be distributed to the inland waters open to the public for fishing. This year's crop has already reached approximately 400,000 fish of the differ- ent warm water species, and up to this time 30 tons of adult fish have been made available for stocking. In addition, 25 bushels of yellow perch eggs were taken to the various hatcheries where they were hatched and distributed. From all indications, it appears the sanctuary each year will produce sufificient pike and yellow perch eggs for all inland waters, and will also be a source of supply for sucker eggs. There will also be produced sufifi- cient bass for the rearing ponds at several of the Board's Hatcheries, and in addition a sufficient number will be propagated at the sanctuarv for distribution in the main body of the lake. This will also apply to bream, catfish and minnows. Plans are now completed for the construction of a two-story building which will contain a series of tanks for the sorting and handling of fish and the growing of bass fry to the fingerling stage. A number of pools will also be constructed for holding areas and the growing of daphnia. The primary purpose of this new Fish Farm is to keep the fish popu- lation under control, and at the same time the surplus removed will add greatly to our distribution of warm water fish. 28 ALLEGHENY NATIONAL FOREST— A PENNSYLVANIA WILDLIFE ASSET This 726,000 acre tract in northwestern Pennsylvania is now more than 63% in government ownership, not counting the two large areas of Pennsylvania Game Lands within its borders. Under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, these lands are being managed for the public good. Its policy of multiple use management attaches great importance to fish and game as a forest resource. Besides the Forest Supervisor and his stafT at Warren, Pennsylvania, there are district forest rangers and assistants stationed at Marienville and Sheffield, Pennsylvania. These forest officers direct fire control activities, prepare and execute timber management plans, make timber sales, participate in wildlife management, construct and maintain all manner of improvements, and attend to the many administrative details tt»t the management of nearly ojje-balf million ^res 4eiriands. COOPERATION A memorandum of understanding has been drawn up between the Pennsylvania P>oard of Fish Commissioners and the U. S. Forest Ser- vice, which serves as a basis for close cooperation in dealing with fish and stream work. State regulations governing the taking and protection of fish apply on Allegheny National Forest the same as elsewhere in ^e State. SURVEYS Nearly 500 miles of fishing streams are located within Allegheny National Forest. All of the streams have been visited and surveyed by a fisheries technician and a long-range plan for their improvement has been prepared. This plan specifies the desirable stocking of the correct species and number of fish in each stream as well as the physical unprovements needed to improve habitat. PLANS All of the fish placed in the forest streams are allocated according to the approved cooperative stocking plan. A plan of action based upon actual field conditions was the first fruit of cooperative work between the federal and state agencies. Since a good plan should be the basis of any endeavor, it follows that a good start toward better fishing con- ditions has been made. FISH STOCKING The stocking plan calls fi)r both fingeriing and legal size fish. Under present arrangements fingerlings are furnished l)y the Fish and Wild- life Service of the U. S. DepartnuMit of Interior. The Pennsylvania Fish Commission furnishes the legal size fish. 29 STREAM IMPROVEMENT Log structures designed to improve stream conditions were first placed m the streams in 1935. These have been added to and maintained by the CCC camps until there are now 206 structures in 23 miles of good trout water. Many additional structures will be built as funds and man- power become available. Many different types of structures were experimented with under u^ ^"PJ^^^*^^°" of a fisheries expert. Study of costs and results has en- abled the Forest Service to standardize its stream improvement struc- tures. This has resulted in greatly reduced costs, longer life and less mamtenance. FARNSWORTH TROUT REARING STATION Because of the remoteness of existing federal facilities for rearing trout, a plan was devised in 1938 wherebv WPA and CCC, under the dirertion of the Forest Service, would build a trout rearing station on the I^orest. Farnsworth Creek was selected as the most suitable loca- ^T"^-T ^^^^ up-to-date designs were obtained from the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries (now a Bureau of the Fish and Wildlife Service) and actual construction got under way. The station now consists of : 1. A stone masonry diversion dam 2. Some 1400 feet of eight-inch water feed line. 3. Six concrete raceways 4x5x66 feet. 4. Ten circular concrete pools 25 feet in diameter. 5. A stone building 26x56 feet for grinding and storing fish food, storage of equipment and garage space. 6. Two springs boxed in concrete and piped to a 10,000 gallon con- Crete reservoir for service use at the buildings and for cooling the water in the pools. ^ 7. Roads and parking space. 8. A stone dwelling for the use of fish culturist assigned to tm station nearing completion. ^ 9. Construction of bridges, trails, and landscaping under^my. The station has a capacity of 200.000 three-inch trout and is operated at present as a branch of the Federal hatcherv at Lamar, Pennsvlvania. 1 he first shipment arrived in the spring of 1940. In the two years the station has been in operation, more than 280.000 trout have been reared there and distributed by the CCC camps to more than 70 different streams within the Forest. STOCKING PLANS CURRENTLY REVISED During the winter of 1941 the data on all of the major trout streams on Allegheny National Forest were reviewed, stream bv stream, bv tech- nicians from both the Pennsylvania Fish Commission and the Forest :^ervice. Revisions were made where field data indicated the need for Ift^tn^H 'V ^^^"ri .^«"^P^^^^ '\^^^ has been recorded on 118 streams within the Forest. Ihirty-three of the large streams are now scheduled to receive legal size trout and about 70 are listed to receive fingerlings. m The plans are flexible so as to permit re-scheduling of plantings when variable factors, such as the drought this year, interfere with the normal schedule. Local on-the-ground fish management is in constant operation to improve conditions under this cooperative system. OTHER INFLUENCES The intensive system of fire control taken within the national forest are of untold benefit to the fishing streams within its boundary. During the past decade an average of only 400 acres have been burned over each year out of a total of 726,000. This is in the ratio of one acre burned to each 1800 acres protected. Without adequate fire protection any attempt at fish management would be a mockery indeed. The selective cutting system under which national forest timber is harvested aids materially in keeping mountain trout streams in good condition. In addition a protective strip is left along all fishable streams where special restrictions are applied to maintain the best possible stream-bank and shade conditions. Road bank stabilization, now a fixed policy on national forest roads, is bound to have a beneficial effect upon stream conditions. Unstabilized road banks are one of the chief causes of stream sihing. FISHING IS RECREATION The Forest Service attempts to manage the lands under its jurisdic- tion so as to provide the greatest benefits to the greatest number of people. Good fishing and hunting provide excellent sport and recreation lor thousands. Fishing alone furnishes over 150,000 man days of health- ful outdoor enjoyment each season on Allegheny National Forest. So, sportsmen, you may rest assured of our close cooperation with your Fish and Game Commissions and that our efforts will continue to be pointed toward making Allegheny National Forest your happy fish- ing and hunting ground R. F. HEMINGWAY, Forest Supervisor. The Allegheny National Forest is fast becoming a most popular play- ground for all those interested in outdoor recreation. Particularly for- tunate are the fishermen as an able staff is in charge and this year thou- sands of trout were planted. Fishermen spend approximately 150,000 days each season on the National Forest streams, and in so far as Pennsylvania is concerned the statement was made that not a single fire was started during the trout season, which proves that they can enjoy their sport without en- dangering the public safety. The following statement issued by Forest Supervisor, R. F. Heming- way, Warren, will prove interesting: "October 7, 1940: The three CCC camps on the Allegheny National Forest have nearly completed the 1940 fingerling fish planting program. According to Forest Supervisor R. F. Heming- way of Warren, this includes some seventy-five streams in Elk, Forest, McKean, and Warren Counties. II o u 9i u bO c •n a CO o o c « o ^ "Altogether a total of 82,000 brook trout, 35,000 brown trout and 30,000 rainbow trout, from 2 to 6 inches, have been liberated. This amounts to more than sixteen hundred pounds by actual weight. The three inch brook trout number approximately 100 per pound. "On their arrival at the Farnsworth Trout Rearing Station this spring it took approximately 1,000 to weigh a pound. The excellent care these fish received should be credited to the Fish and Wildlife Service of the U. S. Department of Interior who operate the station in cooperation with the Forest Service. "By taking care of the stocking of fingerlings on the national forest, the federal government makes it possible for the Pennsyl- vania Fish Commission to concentrate on legal size fish and thereby afford much heavier catches than the stream would normally sup- port. Fishermen spend approximately 150,000 days each season on the National Forest Streams and every eflFort is being made by these three cooperating agencies to supply them with a maximum amount of sport. "If the released trout continue to grow in the streams as they have at the Rearing Station, many will be legal size by next fish- ing season. All trout streams are now stocked to capacity within the Allegheny National Forest, but as already stated, many addi- tional fish of larger size will be planted by the Pennsylvania Fish Commission to offset in some measure the extremely heavy fishing these streams receive." WATERS OPENED TO PUBLIC FISHING WITHIN LAST TWO YEARS The Board is continually working to increase public fishing waters, and we believe the following statement will indicate that much progress has been made. During the last biennium the Board also purchased what is known as Big Spring located at Springfield, Cumberland County. It was learned that this historical property was going to be sold and immediately the wheels were set in motion to purchase it for the fishermen. This spring has perhaps the most historical background of any in the State. Records dating back to the early 1700's show there has been a constant flow of water, never falling below 10.000 gallons per minute. Weir tests made a short time ago showed this amount of water flowing from the spring. It is planned to improve the dam at the mill site, and perhaps after the coming trout season the Board will drain the lake and remove the excess culm which has accumulated. No further plans for developing this property at the present time have been made other than improve- ment so it will be even a better fishing area than it has been in the past. This has been one of the most famous fishing spots for the opening of the trout season in south central Pennsylvania and it is not an uncom- mon sight to find several hundred fishermen the opening day of trout season. 33 ' Creek . . . Middle Br. Dyberry Creek Alder IVIarsh Creek ♦#•#•♦••••• *«•«**«*«• * * «*«*■«• • « « t • » • * « • • **•■«••• Tioga }^ Tioga 1% Tioga 1 Tioga 1 Tioga 3 Tioga iVz Tioga ........... 2 Tioga ........... 5 Tioga 5 Tioga ........... 5 Tioga ........... 1% 1 Tioga ........... m 1 Tioga ........... t Tioga ........... I Tioga ........... 1% Tioga ........... P Centre .......... » : Indiana 1% ' (Open to Sunday fishing) Allegheny ^0 Schuylkill ....... 8 Bedford ........ m Bedford — ....! 1 Lebanon 1 Wayne 60 Wavne SO Wayne 6 Wavne 6 Wflvno ........ 2Vo Wayne 2 34 35 INTENTIONAL 2ND RXPOSURE WATERS OPENED TO FISHING WITHIN LAST TWO YEARS —Concluded Miles Acres Little Neshannock Creek W. Br. Little Neshannock Creek Pine Run Deer Cieek Neshannock Creek Mercer Mercer Mercer Mercer Hickory Creek .'.T.;.' j^ZlT''^ Taylor Run ... • Lawrence Mud Pond ( Wheaton's Pond) Lawrence Oxbow Lake N. W. Br. PerkiomenCreek* ! Laurel Run, Tr. Shermans Creek ;;.*"" Shaffers Run, Tr. Shermans Creek ' ' ' Liberty Run, Tr. Tuscarora Creek " " * Kansas Run, Tr. Horse Valley Run Totals Wyoming Wyoming Berks Perry Perry Perry .... Perry .... 1 1 V2 V2 V2 5 1 1 1 1 75 45 107 598 SPRING CREEK PROJECT The Spring Creek Project, which was opened in 1934 and Is Icnown to most fishermen as the "Fishermen's Paradise/' has been vTsiSi T representatives from practically every state in the Union and stil proves to be a most popular fishing ground. ^ XT L , ^^-^"^ 1940 Number of Registered fishermen . 2 952 1 fi rqi Number fish caught ' 5'^' \^'f.l Number fish killed ; ^Z g' 49 Number pounds fish killed 1.359 ^'^ Average length fish killed lo.g i„. 1^47 }„ Average we.ght fish killed g.S oz. 16:47 oz melns'o" sTreYm it' '"' '"'"" °' ^'"^^ "'^^^ ' P™J-' "^ ^^is kind means to a stream it is necessary to make a personal visit It not onlv rs'oT, ^T'" '"' '^'"^ ''"^ ^'^° '■"— ^ *he food supply 12 IS so vital to the success of any fishing water; in other words proTerlv eachVr. '' ' "'" '"^^"^'^ ^^^^ -'^'■'^^ ■^'^-'^ continue tVprcSut attIndingt^Sott^^l9:^1,;or -^ f^*^^™^- '^ --^- various ftates iXunL,^' ' """'" °' -P-sentatives from 36 l!F1 iTl Administration Building at Spring Creek Project ^••*"''*''^ -?- Parking at Spring Creek Project RECORD OF INDIVIDUAL FISHERMEN ACCORDING TO COUNTIES— 1940 Adams Allegheny Armstrong Beaver Bedford Berks Blair Bra « # # # # XvXUX y xtxLkxji • • . . . . • *«»to««###»*a*#*#««4L#«t# i.uJLlU\>tdvll«£» . •....•«••«•««•«•»«*«■■««**#« im flilloOo • •'. ...... » # »^ » # c • • » # « # j» •••••#••#9 X^ %> TT V vX S5a7 Jr . . . . . *#ii###«#t*««##tt##«««#«^# •IN orcn v/aroima .•■••••«••«••«••»»««•••« vyKiaiioiiia . . . • • • •»»,■«••••••••••••##* »'# m A Ui-lUl\?idtSt7\/ . . . . . . . . • .•:•:#»######## #^# # #'# # # # ■<■ C aOS • ........•...••«»••■(•» • « »#■•##■ Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin District of Columbia Men 75 161 3 2 13 28 10 3 43 1 193 3 1? 3 2 I 3 2 8 1 i 1 » 12 1 i i 1 1 2 1 3 Women 10 24 1 2 0 3 1 1 9 0 33 1 4 Children 4 20 0 0 1 4 1 1 8 0 34 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 • 0 0 0 0 1 # 0 1 0 t 5 I 0 0 3 9 0 i 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 THE FOLLOWING SPECLIL PROJECTS ARE SET UP ON THE FOLLOWING WATERS, EFFECTIVE UNTIL JULY 31, 1943 Fishermen should be guided by rules and regulations posted along streams regarding size, season, number, etc. SLATE RUN (Lycoming County). Section Open to Fishing — From the junction of Cushman and Francis Branches down to its mouth at Big Pine Creek, approx- imately 8 miles. Closed Section — Partly in Potter, Tioga and Lycoming Counties — both Head Forks, the Cushman and Francis Branches, and all other tributaries closed as nursery waters. 19 YOUNG WOMAN'S CREEK (Largely in Clinton County, heads in Potter County). The main stream of the Right Branch of Young W^oman's Creek from the mouth of Lebo Branch to the junction with the Left Branch is closed to the use of any but artificial lures. No live bait of any kind is permitted. Only six trout may be taken per day, per person. Only thirty-six trout may be taken per person, per season. The legal minimum size limit is six inches. No person may have in possession any baitfish or fishbait while fishing the restricted area. All tributaries of the Right Branch of Young Woman's Creek open without restrictions. DUNBAR CREEK & TRIBUTARIES (Favette County) (See posters along stream for special regulations.) LYNN RUNN (Westmoreland County). Laurel Hill Trout Nursery on this stream. NORTH FORK CREEK (Jefferson Countv)— From 2000 feet below Egypt Bridge to the source. (Improved Stream). (Jefferson Countv Sportsmen's Association.) ^ E BRANCH CLARION RR'ER (Elk Countv) -Portion betweea Uen Hazel and Instanter. (Request Elk County Sportsmen's Club) MARKLE'S POND (Westmoreland County). (Request West New- ton Sportsmen's Association.) LAKE DOM (Westmoreland Countj). lReqi»rt of W^^reland bportsmens Association.) SILVER LAKE (Bucks County). (Request Pennsylvania Federation of Sportsmen s Clubs of Bucks County.) KOON LAKE (Bedford County)— Number of trout to be taken m any one day limited to three (3). (Request Bedford County Fed- eration of Sportsmen's Clubs.) NATKWAL FORESTS (Agreement U. S. Dept. of Interior, Natio^ Park Service and Board of Fish Commissioners) Trout— April 15 to July 31—7 A. M. until 7 P. M E W T Regular size, fislimg devices and ])ag limits as set up under the Pennsylvania Laws to be observed, unless property is otherwise posted. . ^ r J «w Warin U;ater Species-April 15 until May 31 and from September 7 VIt ^''w ^^p '^^ ^^l ^^""^^ inclusive, between 7 A. M. and / r. M., ii. W. I Regular size fishing devices and creel limits as set up under the Pennsylvania Laws to be observed, unless property is otherwise posted. Children in group camps under 16 years of age, can fish with one rod and line with single hook and may take four (4) fish per dav L^KF%/FAqAVTT^^^^^^ ^^^ T'' '^'''''^ ^^^"^^^"^ ^^^^^"^^• LAKE PLEASANT (Erie County). (Request of Erie Coumv Sports- men.) Number of trout to be taken in anv one dav— six (6) SPRING CREEK ON PENITENTIARY GROUNDS-O^ to the public fishing with rod, hook and line during trout season ^nril IS to July 31, 7 A. M. to 10 P. M., E. W. T. Fisherme^^'pe^ ted on the property between 10:30 P. M. and 6:30 A. M., E. W. T 40 STREAMS CLOSED AS NURSERY WATERS BY THE BOARD OF FISH COMMISSIONERS AND ALL FISHING PROHIBITED UNTIL JULY 31, 1943 County BERKS Name of Stream or Water Ontelaiinee Lake, Section requested by Federated Sportsmen's Clubs of Berks County, also from new dam breast up- stream to the old stone bridge, distance about one mile on the west side. Maiden Creek — 1200 feet on west side below new dam breast. 1800 feet on east side below new dam breast. BUTLER CAMERON Municipal Reservoirs of Boro of Zelien- ople. Crooked Run, Entire length. Finley Run, 2 miles. Fishing Creek, Trib. to Driftwood Branch. Big Spring or Big Spring Draft, Trib. to Wykoff Run. JVhippoorzvUl Run, Trib. East Branch of Hicks Run, one mile long. Little Fork, Trib. to Mix Run, one and one-half miles long. Fireline Creek. Headquarters Chester Creek — From and including Fern Hill Dam Reservoir, up- stream 2 miles. All tributaries of Hazlett Run. All tributaries of Curry Run. Gottshall Run (Stream closed for pro- tection of water supply). CLINTON AND CENTRE Beech Creek, From dam at Beech Creek to Orviston. Pyiuatuuing Sanctuary. Northern and Shenango River, below dam at Pymatuning Lake. Smith Run or Rocky Run, Entire length. Hyzne Run or Spring Run, Entire length. Falls Shanty or Auman Hollow, Entire length. Falls Shanty, Three miles flowing into the E. Branch of Kersey Run. Spring Run, From what is known as "Bony Gerg's Bridge" to source. This is headwaters of Spring Run and about 5 miles long. 41 CARBON CHESTER CLEARFIELD CLINTON CRAWFORD ELK AND FOREST JEFFERSON JEFFERSON AND ELK LANCASTER LUZERNE LYCOMING McKEAN MONTGOMERY PIKE Maple Run, Trib. to Bear Creek, 3 miles. Cherry Mill Run, Trib. to Big Mill Creek, 2}^ miles. Bear Pen Run, Trib. to North Fork Creek. Williams Run, Trib. to North Fork Creek. Rattlesnake Creek, Trib. to Little Toby Creek, 3 miles, from J^ mile below Brockway Reservoir to source. Stream running through Public Park at Lititz (Exhibition). Octararo Creek, Portion of W. Branch. Sugar Notch Dam, About one third. Approximately 2 acres of Harzfeys Lake. Cummings Pond, Approximately 1^4 acres in Franklin Township, taking in 1500 feet of shore line. (Period of clos- ing until further notice.) All tributaries of Slate Run. All tributaries of Pleasant Stream. Portion of tributaries of Pine Creek. Portion of tributaries of Lycoming Creek. Black Hole Creek, From Water Company Dam downstream to Penna. Railroad culvert, % mile. Fly Brook, Trib. to Willow Creek, 2>^ miles. Wintergreen Run, Trib. to Kinzua Creek, 2 miles. Brozvn Valley, Trib. to N. Fork Sugar Run, \y2 miles. Right Hand Branch, of W. Branch of Tuna Creek, 1 mile. Blind Robin, Trib. to Main Sugar Run, 2 miles. North Fork of Colegrove Brook or Nigger Run, Trib. to Colegrove Brook. 2 Ponds on Howard Beidler property at Abrams. 1 Pond on Frank Henkins property at Collegeville. 1 Pond on G. B. French property at Graterford. 2 Ponds on Joseph Hippel property at Norwood. Portion of Pecks Pond, Above wire on E. Branch inlet. Portion of Promise Land Pond, POTTER SCHUYLKILL SOMERSET VENANGO WARREN Blumendal Run, Trib. to Little Kettle Creek, 2 miles long. Luts Run, Trib. to Pine Creek, 1 mile long. Upper Dry Run, Trib. to W. Branch of Pine Creek, 1 mile long. Barns Brook, Trib. to Cushing Creek, 5 miles long. Crowell Run, Trib. to Nine Mile Creek, lJ/2 miles long. Splashdam Run, Trib. to Lyman Run, 2 miles in Susquehanna District State Forest. E. Fork of First Fork Sinnemahoning Creek, Tributary to Sinnemahoning Creek. Stonelick Run, Trib. to E. Fork of First Fork of Sinnemahoning Creek. Birch Run, Trib. to E. Fork of First Fork of Sinnemahoning Creek. Nurserv Pools on the Old Schirner Farm (Request of Tamaqua Rod and Gun Club, Tamaqua). Locust Creek, About 6000 feet (Posted by Game Commission.) Three Miles of Brush Creek, Trib. to Wills Creek. Beaver Dam Creek, From Sportsmen's Dam to source. Sugar Lake, Special Posters during spawning season. Four Mile Run, Trib. to Tionesta Creek, all tributaries and Long Run, also Ludlow Branch of same stream. Farnsworth Run, Trib. to Tionesta Creek, from source to point 1 mile below Hermit Spring, also Cristvell Branch. Headwaters of Brozim Run, Including all of Hook Run, Fluent Branch also upper 1J4 miles of Brown Run. Dedtnun Run, Trib. to Spring Creek, yi mile. Greeley Run, Trib. to Spring Creek, three- fourths mile long. Note: Under the provisions of the Game Code, all Refuges are closed to hunting and fishing. If any streams within the Refuges are open to public fishing cardboard posters, so stating, are prominently dis- played. 4J JUNIOR CONSERVATIOINISTS Our hats are off to the Junior Conservationists of Pennsylvania ! We have said many times, and repeat again — conservation of the future rests with the youth of today, and no matter how small the organized group may be, you will find that within a few years the re- sults will be amazing. More than ever before, organized sportsmen and individuals have taken these lads under their wings, and we now have hundreds of Junior organizations in Pennsylvania. We older sportsmen certainly owe a vote of thanks to these boys for their efforts in furthering the conservation program in Pennsylvania. Their activities in helping to improve the streams of Pennsylvania in their campaign to control the water snake problem — ^the feeding pro- gram in connection with the work of the Game Commission — and many other activities — comprise the program of these future sportsmen. We have been intimately associated with some of these groups, and it has also been our privilege to recommend quite a number of groups for citation to the Boy Scout Court of Honor for the fine job they have done. Many areas have already set up certain standards for the awarding of merit badges which not only cover the required number of snakes, but also provide that those qualifying must know the nrincipal natura! resources of their locality— the principal fish, birds and animals— their seasons and how protected, present evidence of direct assistance in con- servation projects, such as fighting forest fires— help in checking erosion, building shelters, planting trees, etc. The Board, in cooperation with various sportsmen's groups, has attempted to prove to the boys that we appreciate the interest they have shown, and has set aside a large number of ponds or lakes to be^ fished exclusively by youngsters under 16 years of age. This movement spread all over the State and toward the end of the 1939 fishing season it was a real problem to furnish enough fish to keep these projects going. One of the things we particularly like about this program is the fact that It gives many thousands of under-privileged children who never saw a fishing pole before, a chance to enjoy this most healthful recrea- tion. A number of these projects have been located in the metropolitan areas of our State, and we know by personal contact that the fishing afforded these youngsters filled a large gap in their lives. In almost every instance where such a pond or lake was set up, local sportsmen's groups had supervision over the fishing, and a number of • our sportsmen spent a great deal of time teaching the youngsters the art of fishing, and instilling in them the meaning of good sportsman- ship. ^ I If you do not have such a group within your organization, we again say that if we can be of assistance in forming one, contact the Harris- burg office and we will have a competent representative get in touch with you, who will be of every assistance possible. 44 MOTOR BOATS ON INLAND WATERS The first year motor boats were licensed, 1,563 licenses were issued; in 1940, 7,962. The motor boat has given the Board much concern, particularly dur- ing the last year. In many sections boats are being operated on small streams and bodies of water where they have done considerable damage to the shoreline and practically ruined the fishing. It is impossible in Pennsylvania to have both good fishing and motor boats on the same body of water with the exception of a few of the larger lakes. We agree that this form of recreation has its place in the pic- ture the same as any other, but when it is ruining recreation for thou- sands and only benefiting a few, something should be done to adjust the difference. In many sections conferences have been held, with the result that a much better relationship exists between the motor boat owner and the fisherman. ^ JiMl Several articles have been written in reference to the damage result- ing from oil coming from exhausts. The following article by Mr. Buller, our Chief Fish Culturist, will prove of interest. An article was published recently by one of the mid western states covering observations on the effect of operating motor boats over the Bluegill spawning beds in the inland waters and the effect that it might have upon aquatic life. The water displaced by the movement of the boat at different speeds and the water displaced by the propeller at various depths should, in my judgment, have no more effect upon the Bluegill spawning beds than the wave action on the shore lines, caused by the wind ; and this move- ment causes little, if any, ill effect to these spawning areas. The following are the disadvantages of the operation of motor boats on inland waters : INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTORS (a) Oil: Oil on water destroys plankton and other fish focsff organ- isms that come to the surface for respiration or other purposes. This is known to be a fact from observations made in the use of oil in mos- quito control projects, and its use on hatchery ponds to destroy certain insect larvae. It is very destructive to plant life and injurious to very small fish that come in contact with it, and at certain times an oil film may retard the normal exchange of gases to and from the water area. Regardless of the carefulness of the operator, oil from this type of motor boat finds its way into the water. A small drop of oil covers a large water surface. Furthermore oil on water is more or less accum- ulative. The operation of one motor for a season may cover a large, water area with an oil film. This film may be so thin that it is not notice- able to the naked eye, but is sufficient to do harm to aquatic life. (b) Gasoline: Largely through carelessness, gasoline is spilled over- board and contrary to the opinion of many, it is retained by the water for some length of time. This is not only destructive to aquatic life of all kinds but is injurious to water fowls as well. This has been demon- strated on several occasions — ^the last being Thompson Run, in Centre County, Pennsylvania. 4S (c) Propellers: The action of the propellers breaks off or uproots aquatic vegetation, and in most water areas, this growth is very essential. (d) Recreation: The majority of the inland lakes and ponds pro- vide recreation for those who enjoy angling, boating and swimming. Power propelled boats not only interfere with these activities, but in many cases constitute a dangerous hazard. Thus the pleasures of many are curtailed for the enjoyment of a few. ELECTRIC PROPELLED MOTOR (e) The electric propelled boats eliminate the discharge from the use of oil and gasoline, and to some extent cut down the hazard to others from excessive speed. The chief detrimental factor would be the uprooting or breaking off of aquatic plant life. SHAD FISHING The story of shad fishing in the Delaware River within the confines of the State of Pennsylvania for the past twenty years has not made interesting reading. The records prior to that time show that in 1905 the Philadelphia markets handled 412,500 shad, representing a value of $268,370.00. In addition to this, there were shipped to the New York markets 507,270 shad, with a value of $152,181.00, or in other words a total catch of 919,770 shad with a value of $424,556.00. If we can depend on the records, the 1904 season yielded about 1,200,000 shad. The heaviest catches were made from Ship John Light to Alloway'i Creek, a distance of about twenty miles. In 1910 the Philadelphia markets handled 376,000 and New York markets 204,243, or a total of 580,243, and the market value dropped considerably, amounting to only $191,457.00. In 1916 the catch was far below normal; however, the price increased (due to the small catches), giving the fishermen as much in return as they had in former years. A search of the records indicates it was during this year the shad run diminished, and from that time until three years ago very few shad were taken in so far as Pennsylvania was concerned. During the last two years the run of shad in the Delaware has im- proved. The Board's officers inspected many of the fisheries along the Upper Delaware and found that the maximum catches amounted to around 110 shad where in previous years thousands were taken. Ap- parently there are a great many shad spawning as thousands have been observed returning to the sea in the early fall. In one of the recent issues of "Fishery Market News," a publicatic«i of the United States Department of Interior, Albert Woodfield, Chair- man of the Commercial Fisheries Advisory Committee of Maryland, had the following to say on shad : "Present Situation: The yield of shad in the Chesapeake has de- clmed from 15 million pounds to about one million pounds during recent years. At the low average of five cents a pound this decline is costing the Chesapeake fishermen 15,000,000 pounds— 1 ,000,000 pounds == 14,000,000 X 0.5 = $700,000.00. This loss is evidenced by the great de- cline in the number of fishermen and the income from the fish that are now not being caught. More than this, people, in general, are not assured of a dependable big supply of this fine fish food with the result that the market is uncertain and, in addition, the dealers who handle the prod- ucts are not making money from the bigger sales. "The Advisory Committee has been asked, and has continued to ask others, what has been the cause of this decline. A lot of suggested ex- planations have been offered to us such as (1) pollution, (2) Virginia fishermen, (3) destruction of breeding grounds, (4) insufficient hatch- ery work, (5) Conowingo Dam, (6) motor boats, (7) trawling in the ocean near the Capes, (8) shad enemies, and (9) over-fishing. "Scientists at the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory and of the United States Government have made extensive checks on all these theories as to why shad have declined, and they have eliminated every single factor as a major element except over-fishing. " ( 1 ) We realize that there is some pollution, especially in the vicinity of Baltimore. Until the shad came back so strongly and abundantly in the Hudson River, where pollution is many times worse than it is in any of the Chesapeake areas, we had thought that this was an important factor in shad conservation. Pollution is now considered to be of little importance. "(2) The Virginia fishermen have suffered depletion, but not as great as Marylanders, for in the James, York, and Potomac Rivers, fished only by Virginians, the catches of shad are relatively better than in the Maryland rivers and in the Bay proper. Records of the catches and the tagging done by scientists offer evidence that Virginia is not so largely responsibe for Maryland depletion. "(3) The breeding grounds are, with very minor exceptions, still intact and the water over them is as clean and chemically pure as it has been during the past few decades. "(4) Maryland has hatched millions upon millions of shad fry yearly — ^about 10,000,000 in 1940. In spite of this the supply has gone down. New York has hatched only a fraction as many shad as we have, yet up there the fish has been restored. This doesn't argue well for liatchery results nor does it leave us ground to expect much for shad replenishment in the Chesapeake. Hatching doesn't seem to be our answer. "(5) The Conowingo Dam cannot carry the full blame or even a large part of the blame for the decline of Chesapeake shad, since records show that the decline started before the dam was built and that the supply has not diminished faster since the dam was built. "(6) Motor boats are not an explanation, since certain of the high points in shad production in the Chesapeake Bay have taken place since motor boats became common. "(7) Chesapeake shad have been shown, through tagging and scale studies, to return to the Chesapeake Bay where they are hatched. More than this, once they have been to the Chesapeake Bay and then tagged and thrown overboard they have been shown to come back to the Chesa- peake Bay only, and not to other bodies of water. All of the scientific work done indicates that Chesapeake shad cannot and are not turned from the Chesapeake Bay by trawlers or motor boat operations. In this connection there is no scientific indication that Chesapeake fish have left local waters and gone to the Hudson to increase the supply there. The two fish are different breeds and, as most fishermen know, even 'smell different*. "(8) Shad have always had enemies in the Chesapeake Bay such as eels, perch, and a great number of other forms both large and small. Their great reproductive capacity then and now indicates that the fish enemies are not responsible for the decline. More than this, in the Hud- son where shad has been restored there is an abundance of eels, carp, bass, and other fish enemies of the shad. "(9) It is generally recognized by Chesapeake fishermen that there has been too much fishing with the result that so many fish have been taken out of the water that not enough have been left to carry on the natural function of reproduction. This over-fishing has developed into failures, financial losses, and continued hard times for the fishermen in general. Since all the factors named above, either singly or combined, do not offer a sufficient explanation for the decline of the shad and herring fisheries the rest of this memorandum will be devoted to a dis- cussion of over-fishing and suggested remedies for same in the hope that the shad supply will be brought back. ''Conclusion: There are certain simple facts that confront us Chesa- peake fishermen and we should make up our minds to face them or else join the big group of people who have invested much money and time only to be wiped out by ultimate failure. These simple facts are : "(1) Each fisherman must use enough gear and catch enough shad to make a living. **(2) All of the fishermen together must not take more fish from each year's run of shad than will permit a sufficient brood stock to be kept in the waters in order to assure next year's run. Bear in mind in this connection that the fish we leave in the waters in a given year are not lost and most of them return the following year at a larger size to spawn again. "(3) New fishermen must be ke^ from taking the place of the ones that quit until, without reducing the income of the remaining fishermen, enough shad escape to do the required job of reproduction. We feel that this kind of control is legally possible, since it is similar to the con- trol of sheep grazing on public ranges and to taxicab control i^^ Balti- more City, all for exactly the same reasons,*' STRIPED BASS Pennsylvania has no coastal waters. However, various frtwpS It! the Philadelphia area have been greatly interested in recommendations made by several of the coastal states asking that legislation be enacted to protect the striped bass. A suitable bill was prepared by those interested, passed by the Legis- lature and signed by Governor James, providing that any striped bass or rock fish under eighteen (18) inches in length caught in waters wholly 48 within this Commonwealth or any striped bass or rock fish under eight- een (18) inches in length caught in waters without this Commonwealth and received in interstate commerce or otherwise, could not be sold. It will take some time to educate the wholesale and retail dealers as to the provisions of the bill. The majority of the coastal states have a six- teen inch size limit; however, their fish are measured from the tip of the nose to the fork of the tail, while in Pennsylvania the measurement is from the tip of the nose to the spread of the tail, which would be almost the same. The Bureau of Fisheries, Department of Commerce, Washington, issued an interesting article under the heading "Recommendations for Conservation of the Striped Bass on the Atlantic Coast." So that those interested in striped bass fishing will be familiar with their thoughts it is quoted herewith. We believe it gives a clear and concise statement as to the benefits expected if the legislation becomes effective in all the states on the eastern seaboard. *Tn response to numerous requests from sportsmen, commercial fish- ermen, dealers, and conservation officials of several states the Bureau submits these recommendations for conservation of the striped bass along the Atlantic Coast. "It is recommended on the basis of existing knowledge and as a basis for a practical experiment in conservation that all striped bass on the Atlantic Coast under sixteen inches (measured to the fork of the tail) be protected by appropriate legislation. "It has often been said that it is necessary to permit fish of any species to spawn at least once. However, this is not always a sound principle in fisheries management. For example, application of this principle would render it theoretically imposssible to take any salmon at all whereas practical experience has shown that good runs can be main- tained by allowing only half of the run to spawn. Similarly, the re- covery of the shad runs in the Hudson under management policies which protect less than half of the spawners is further evidence that it is not always necessary to allow all fish to spawn. The recent life history studies by Merriman and Vladykov have demonstrated that not all of the striped bass are needed for spawning. The bass is one of the num- erous species of marine fishes subject to year-class dominance. The numbers of young produced are, within very wide limits, independent of the numbers of spawning adults. For example, the 1934 brood, which has temporarily restored abundance in both Chesapeake Bay and along the shores north of Delaware Bay was produced in a year in w^hich the numbers of fish old enough to spawn were below average. Similarly, other years in which large fish were much more numerous than in 1934 produced many fewer young. Practically, this means that maintenance of large numbers of spawners gives no assurance of successful repro- duction. To be sure some spawners are needed but as long as spawning adults are at least as numerous as they were in 1934 good reproduction can occur if other conditions are favorable. "In New York and Southern New England there is an additional reason why protection of fish until they have spawned is of very doubt- ful value. The unusually large numbers of striped bass present in those waters during the last three years were not the product of local spawn- 49 ing but were immigrants from the spawning and nursery areas in Chesapeake Bay. Moreover, there is good reason to beheve that this condition has prevailed for at least forty years. It is possible, of course, that the history of forty years of unsuccessful spawning in these waters is in part due to insufficient numbers of spawners but in view of the fact that such temporary increases in abundance as have occurred from time to time during these years have failed to re-stock these waters leads to the strong suspicion that they are not at present and have not been for forty years capable of supporting large scale reproduction. "In view of the uncertainty of augmenting the numbers of young striped bass produced by spawning, these recommendations have been based on the principle of managing the fishery to secure the maximum value from each brood, large or small, as it comes along. This, in effect, means that fish should be allowed to grow as long as the gain from growth is adding more pounds of fish to each brood than are being lost by mortality. In order to estimate the exact point at which the harvest should begin more detailed and more complete catch records are needed than are available. Consequently, any estimate must be regarded as the basis for an experiment and since any increase in the existing min- imum size limits involves giving up a bird-in-the-hand, or rather a fish- in-the-net, in the expectation of getting not two fish but a bigger fish in the future, the recommendation should be conservative. The tech- nical details of the computations by which an estimate of the optimum size for harvesting each year's crop of striped bass has been arrived at are presented in Dr. Merriman's report recently submitted for publica- tion. It will suffice here to say that with due regard to estimates of total mortality of the withdrawals by the fishery, of rate of growth, and the market value of various sizes of bass, it may be conservatively estimated that the commercial fishery will take and the dealers will handle more pounds of fish and make more money out of them if striped bass are protected until they reach a length of 16 inches (measured to the fork of the tail). This estimate has been based on rather scanty data as to the rate at which the 1934 year-class has disappeared from the fishery between 1936 and 1937, and rather scanty data from tagging experiments as to the percentage of this apparent mortality attributable to the fishery. It is believed, however, that the recommended size limit is conservatively low, and that the benefits to the fishery will be greater than present data indicate. Moreover, such a size limit will protect virtually all two-year old fish and is preferable to a limit either slightly higher or slightly lower because during the period of heaviest fishing there are few fish of this exact size thus simplifying the problem of sorting. "In view of the possibility that additional profits from each year's crop could be secured if striped bass are protected at an even higher size than that recommended here as an experiment we believe it impor- tant to follow closely the results of this recommendation when adopted. This will require that more detailed and more complete records of the catch be provided and that additional tagging experiments be made which are designed not so much to study migration as to measure the percentage of fish of various sizes removed bv the fishery and to esti- mate more directly the probabilities of eventual recapture of small fish protected. "It may be pointed out that if protection be afforded striped bass until they reach 16 inches (measured to the fork of the tail), even though the primary object is to increase the quantity of fish harvested from each year's brood, the number of fish reaching sexual maturity will also be increased. This can certainly do no harm and may do some good. Cer- tainly it will cast some light on the question referred to above as to whether the long history of unsuccessful reproduction in New York is the result of inadequate numbers of spawners. "These regulations should be adopted over the whole range of the species on the Atlantic Coast. There are some differences in rate of growth in different localities and further study may indicate the desir- ability of slight differences in size limits in accordance with such differ- ences in the rate of growth. The present regulations are sufficiently conservative, however, that it is virtually certain that they will show a profit wherever adopted. In this connection it should be pointed out that the New York market absorbs a very large part of the whole pro- duction along the Atlantic Coast. The dealers in this market quite prop- erly oppose any proposal which will forbid them to deal in fish less than 16 inches if the fish are legally taken. Their position is that if the fish may be legally caught in any state that they will be sold and that it would be an unwarranted interference with their rights as merchants to deny them their normal share in the business. If, however, uniform restrictions along the whole coast are provided the dealers in the Fulton Market will share in the increased production which will result from protection. "It should also be pointed out that nothing of value is accomplished if fish are merely kept from the markets. It is also necessary that the capture of small fish be avoided or that if caught incidentally to the fishery for other species that they be sorted out and returned to the water alive.. This imposes a responsibility on commercial fishermen, especially those using pound nets and haul seines. Anything less than their whole-hearted cooperation will more than nullify the benefits to them of legal protection for if small fish are destroyed not only will the potential gains from growth be lost, but also present market value of such fish. In most localities and under most conditions young fish can be sorted out alive and the experience gained in tagging them indicates definitely that the rate of survival is high. It is recognized, however, that at times conditions of weather and tide would render sorting of catches difficult if not impossible. These difficulties should be recog- nized in the law and enforcement officials should act in accordance with the spirit of the law and according to the dictates of common sense. "Finally, it should be pointed out that the foregoing recommendations have been designed to increase the value of the annual crop taken com- mercially. This is in accordance with the assumption that the striped Jbass, like most other marine species, is capable under proper manage- ment, of yielding more fish than are needed by anglers and that to limit ^exploitation to the comparatively small quantities taken for sport would constitute wasteful under-utilization. It is, of course, true that the striped bass under the best of management is quite incapable of produc- ing yields comparable with many other marine species such as the had- dock, the cod, and the mackeral. On the other hand, we do not know how great its productive capacity is and we shall not know until we have experimented with better management and the adoption of these re- commendations may be regarded as the beginning of such an experi- ment. Until we have determined by experiment how much more striped bass can be produced it would be premature to consider reserving this species solely for angling. In 1931, the Bureau conducted a brief in- vestigation of striped bass in Chesapeake Bay. At that time the scarcity was so great as to lead to the suggestion that the few bass produced could be utilized to better advantage for sport. A report incorporating this suggestion was prepared and submitted for publication at that time. Because of insufficient printing funds it was not published until this year and was not checked against additional information which has come to light within the last two years. The suggestions made therein with respect to angling and the commercial fishery cannot be maintained in the light of these additional facts." INTERSTATE COMMISSION ON THE DELAWARE RIVER BASIN During 1939 this Commission took initial steps toward the creation of an advisory committee on fish and wildlife resources with the thought of developing a program of conservation which would benefit the states affected under this Commission, which are Delaware, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania. The initial meeting was held on January 5, 1940, and the agenda was as follows : L Anadromous Fish In this section should be handled all problems concerning anadromous fish. Fish of this type found in the Delaware are limited, it h believed, to shad, sturgeon, and herring. A. Shad : regulations of the four states should provide for mom m less uniformity as to: 1. Licenses. 2. Seasons. 3. Lifting periods. 4. The protection of spawning areas. 5. Other administrative requirements such as the space between nets, the marking of nets, and administrative provisions to make certain that nets are lifted. (In view of the interest of Incodel in pollution, it may be advis- able to add to this part of the agenda a discussion of immediate measures to be taken to abate pollution in some of the tributary streams which were, or are, spawning areas for the shad. It is our understanding that the New York law already has all the necessary provisions as regards the Delaware River.) B. Pelican or Pinkster (young sturgeon). The important thing, agam would appear to be an effort toward bringing the existing regulations into uniformity. The pelican is a young sturgeon and, if protected, it is our understanding that there is some chance that the sturgeon fisheries in the Delaware may come back. Con- sideration of this possibility might include discussions as to : 1. The setting of high legal limits. 2. Forbidding the sale of pelican or pinksters in all the states concerned. II. Fresh Water Fish Here again the main problem would seem to be to bring regulations and seasons into uniformity. It has been pointed out that there is a difference of several days between the season for bass in Pennylvania and New York on the Upper Delaware. There are probably a great many similar discrepancies. A. Uniformity 1. Seasons. 2. Catch limits. 3. Legal size limits. 4. Types of gear, etc. B. Reciprocity as to: 1 . Enforcement. 2. Licenses. C. The need for, and desirability of, a biological survey of the main river above Trenton, to determine fish life, and fish life poten- tialities. Based upon the findings, consideration should be given to, an interstate stocking program. III. The Problem of the Bay, Lower River, and Off-Shore It would seem that the root of this problem, and possibly the basis of solution, is the compact between New Jersey and Delaware of 1907. This compact provides that neither state can change its law without the permission of the other state. Here a great deal of work has been done. The previous Commission has published' reports, and, furthermore, amendments to the compact introduced in the New Jersey and Delaware legislatures, if not com- pletely satisfactory might provide a basis for further work. The problem here would seem to be one of negotiation and legislation. Pennsylvania's representative stated that not only the Fish Commis- sion should be represented but representatives should also be chosen from the Federation of Sportsmen's Clubs, the commercial fishermen and others who might be interested. The result was that a representa- tive of the Federation was appointed and a representative from the Dover Fishing Club of Philadelphia as they were vitally interested in striped bass legislation. Two meetings have been held and while only the groundwork has been laid, it is believed this group can do much for the rod and line fishermen through more uniform legislation and a study of the pollution of the Delaware Bay. Honorable William C. Adams, Director of the Conservation Depart- ment of the State of New York is the Chairman of this committee, and it is hoped that another meeting will be called in the very near future. 53 o ti ^ c -: "s > S ^ u o *^ j^ 0J=3 O rt en ^_» ■<-• H ^^ ^ O C rt Wi '-' H-^O -^ c •- S4 COMMERCIAL FISHING — ^LAKE ERIE The commercial fishing on the Great Lakes has been a declining industry for many years. The Board of Fish Commissioners considers it a question of grave importance and one which should have the atten- tion of all the states bordering the Great Lakes and the Dominion of Canada. Many theories have been advanced as to just why the catches of the various species have declined. There are no doubt many con- tributing factors, some of which are pollution, over-fishing, type of gear, etc. This Board believes the subject should have serious considera- tion before the industry is ruined. The following is the report of the Superintendent of the Erie Hatchery: BLUE PIKE The 1939 production was very good ; 1940 showed a sharp decline. Therefore no eggs were available. Many small pike are in evidence in the Pennsylvania waters and the same report comes from the Canadian side of the lake. This indicates that the next year's catch should show better production. YELLOW PERCH Catch has been holding near yearly average from 1939 to and through 1940. J J t. ^ WHITEFTSH While 1939 production was very good, 1940 made a new high record for Erie in any one season. CISCO Records show 1938 production 370,000 pounds, small fish, amount of spawn taken below average. 1939, 228,000 pounds, small fish, amount of spawn taken below average. 1940, 33,531 pounds, much larger fish, more and better spawn taken. Note: Show of increase of Cisco in 1938, decrease in 1939, and sharp drop in 1940. POUND NETS AND GILL NETS Pound nets had a depressive season, a sharp drop under the previous year, mostly on Blue Pike. Gill nets (small mesh) — ^To date catch has been very discouraging in general. Large mesh (gill nets) for taking whitefish, while under' the previous year's take, have held up fairly well. GENERAL COMMENT Revenue from commercial fishing licenses for 1940 is slightly under 1939. This is notable as large tugs of heavy tonnage gradually pass out of existence and are replaced with smaller tugs of lighter tonnage. Tugs are taxed according to tonnage, so as tonnage decreases, fees drop accordingly. 55 I a H o a •r. ^ = r4 > fll <-• O ^ Jit be ^ u rt c^ O 3t-J « ^ 0^ 2: o = ^ ^ P I 54 COMMERCIAL FISHING— LARE ERIE The commercial fishing on the Great Lakes has been a declining industry for many years. The Board of Fish Commissioners considers it a question of grave importance and one which should have the atten- tion of all the states bordering the Great Lakes and the Dominion of Canada. Many theories have been advanced as to just why the catches of the various species have declined. There are no doubt many con- tributing factors, some of which are pollution, over-fishing, type of gear, etc. This Board believes the subject should have serious considera- tion before the industry is ruined. The following is the report of the Superintendent of the Erie Hatchery : BLUE PIKE The 1939 production was very good; 1940 showed a sharp decline. Therefore no eggs were available. Many small pike are in evidence in the Pennsylvania waters and the same report comes from the Canadian side of the lake. This indicates that the next year's catch should show better production. YELLOW PERCH Catch has been holding near vearlv average from 1939 to and throudi 1940. ^ . ^ WHITEFISH While 1939 production was very good, 1940 made a new high record for Erie in any one season. CISCO Records show 1938 production 370.000 pounds, small fish, amount of spawn taken below average. 1939. 228,000 pounds, small fish, amount of spawn taken below average. 1940, 33,531 pounds, much larger fish, more and better spawn taken. Note: Show of increase of Cisoj in 1938, decrease in 1939, and sharp drop in 1940. POUND NETS AND GILL NETS Pound nets had a depressive season, a sharp drop under the previous y^r, mostly on Blue Pike. GiU nets (small mesh) — ^To date catch has been very discouraging in general. Large mesh (gill nets) for taking whitefish, while under the previous year's take, have held up fairly well. GENIRAL COMMENT Revenue from commercial fishing licenses for 1940 is slightly under 1939. This is notable as large tugs of heavy tonnage gradually pass out of existence and arc replaced with smaller tugs of lighter tonnage. Tugs are taxed according to tonnage, so as tonnage decreases, fees drop accordingly. 55 INTENTIONAL 2ND BXPOSURE iiiiiiiiiiiiiirirrKrrri Showing Part of the Aquarium on Second Floor in the Erie Hatchery Building GREAT LAKES FISHERIES BOARD On February 28, 1940 the Department of State of the United States announced that Secretary Hull and the Minister of Canada, Mr. Loring Christie had signed an exchange of notes establishing a Board of Inquiry for the Great Lakes fisheries. The board will make a study of the fisheries and submit recommenda- tions as to methods of preserving and developing them. In announcing the establishment of the board, the state department "The problem of conserving the fisheries of the Great Lakes has long engaged the attention of the governments of Canada and the United States, the province of Ontario and the states bordering on the Oreat Lakes. The production of certain species of Great Lakes fish has reached low levels. The board will hold a series of meetings at various points throughout the Great Lakes region to obtain full information and receive the opmions of commercial fishermen, sportsmen and other interested jmrties. I he dates and places for these meetings will be announced The President appointed as American members of this Board of Inquiry, Dr. John Van Oosten, Ann Arbor, Mich., in charge of the Great Knwf P r'fi ^T'^T^'^^ ^^' '^'^ U- S- B"^^^" <^f Fisheries, and Mr. ments ^^^^^^^^^' Assistant Director of the Council of State Govern- tn7!^f Canadian members are Dr. A. G. Huntsman, Consulting Direc- n I ^''^^P^^ Research Board of Canada and Mr. D. J. Taylor S'onLb'''''^^' Department of Game and Fisheries, Province 56 COMMENTS BY JOHN R. SCHADT The Great Lakes Journal, which is a publication covering the activities of shipping, fishing, etc., has been interested in the work of this Board and it has turned over space in its magazine to those who are inter- ested in the subject. It is well to quote herewith the fisherman's view- point by the use of the article which was furnished by Mr. John R. Schadt, who is President of the Great Lakes Fisheries Association. It is as follows : "The primary purpose of these hearings will be to determine the advisability and practicability of the regulation of the Great Lakes fish- eries by an International Commission, created by treaty between the United States and Canada. Other matters may be discussed and con- sidered, but this will be the main issue. The question of straight Federal control is not at issue. Perhaps some commercial fishermen do not undertand that straight Federal control is largely an academic question, impossible of accomplishment under present conditions. To bring about straight Federal control would require either an amendment to the Con- stitution of the United States, or the voluntary ceding, by all the States bordering on the Great Lakes, of their fishery rights to the Federal government; either of which is nM)st unlikely to come to pass. "Those advocating change of control fully realize that straight Federal control cannot be accomplished, so they are now concentrating on International control by treaty. If the present halibut treaty between the United States and Canada is any criterion, the contemplated Inter- national Commission would have absolute control over the Great Lakes fisheries. They, and they alone, would determine the kind and quantity of gear to be used, seasons, size of fish, quota of catch and licenses. They would designate which waters are to be fished and which waters are to be set aside as fish sanctuaries in which no fishing would be allowed. Licenses would undoubtedly be issued for different sections, restricting the holders of such licenses to fishing in definitely limited areas. In other words, this contemplated International Commission would have absolute autocratic power over the fisheries, and from their judgment there would be no appeal, and regulations adopted by them would supercede all State laws. We feel such absolute arbitrary power to be inimical to the best interests of the American commercial fishermen of the Great Lakes, and we are therefore opposed to it. "All this agitation for International Control is based on the assump- tion that there is a serious depletion of the Great Lakes fisheries. This assumption we seriously dispute, but if the conservationists are correct in this assumption, there is but one solution possible and that is to cur- tail the production. Many of the Great Lakes commercial fisheries are 57 hardly getting by now; how could they possibly survive if production IS curtailed? The commercial fisherman must never forget when he suggests regulations for the other fellow, he may be drastically reg- ulated himself. With ultra-conservationists in control, as they undoubt- edly would be in an International Commission, as proposed, no one would be mmiune. As we have repeatedly stated, if we once lose control over these fisheries, we will never be able to recover it. We should never barter away what we have for an unknown quantity, simply on the hope that we will get the best of the bargain. "For a considerable time past there has been a subtle and persistent propaganda agamst the commercial fishermen. This is evidenced by articles that have appeared in magazines and newspapers denouncing the commercial fisherman and his activities. u y^^^^^ ^^"'^ appeared before Chambers of Commerce, and other bodies. These speakers have painted a sad picture of the depletion of the Great Lakes fisheries, and have left the impression that the Great Lakes fisheries are in a precarious condition, in fact that they are doomed, unless something drastic is done at once to save them. No one IS there to refute them, so resolutions are introduced and passed, pro- posing new methods of control. In the State of Michigan the Junior Chambers of Commerce have held a whole series of conferences on the subject of depletion and control, all in the name of conservation "As a result of all this agitation the public have come to believe that the commercial fisherman is shamefully exploiting these fisheries for ,f h r.'l '"''u- ^^^' ^' '' " ^""*°" d^^^troyer of fish life. That If he had his way there would be no regulations at all, so he could fish with any device his heart desired, in all seasons, catch any size fish Ws fanc3^d,ctated, regardless of how such a cours. would effect theTutut ^^fiE!SSs^5-«-^ o^^ f 11 r , ^reat J^akes are progressive in their ideas anH to s rSie'^Thev iJ: """tf °' ' ^°"''""'i ^"P^'^' "^ -y fish r^t to survive. Ihey are amenable to reasonable regulation based on rnm a ereat many of the fishermen out of business, and they set uo a m,m •^." ."^or.Lr 'ne'=r;n,-£- -= 58 Note : In the last Biennial Report a partial list of the Pennsylvania fishes as prepared hy Dr. Fowler between the years 1928 and 1935 was included. The following is a complete list recorded from Pennsylvania and includes the work of Dr. Fowler up to and including the year 1939 : A LIST OF THE FISHES RECORDED FROM PENNSYLVANIA By HENRY W. FOWLER Curator of Fishes, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia In this work I have attempted to give a revised account of the fishes which I listed in 1912 and 1919. The plan used in those papers is largely followed here. The species are arranged with their principal drainage areas, and then according to the various counties in alphabetical sequence. The localities cited below in parentheses and following the county name, represent additional materials or records to any of those previously pub- lished since my last publication in these pages^in 1938. The materials listed below were largely, and in many cases entirely captured or secured by my son Henry W. Fowler Second. Similarly he assisted with most all my collecting in Pennsylvana from 1932 to 1935. Since the last named year they were secured as follows : Tributary of the Neshaminy Creek east of Doylestown, Bucks County, May 10, 1936; Pidcock Creek at Bowman's Hill, Bucks County, May 3, 1936; Stony Brook and Coal Creek, York County, July 18, 1936; Prom- ised Land Lake at Promised Land, Pike County, August 7 to 11, 1936, by Gordon Hill; Kelsey Creek, Wellsboro, Tioga County, August 11, 1936; Crooked Creek two miles above Tioga and Wilson Creek below Knapp, Tioga County, August 13, 1936; Neschronk Lake, Pike County, September 3, 1936; Sawkill Creek at Milford and Shoholo Pond, Pike County, September 4, 1936; tributary of Lackawaxen River near Row- land, Pike County, September 4, 1936; Yellow Breeches Creek at Brandtsville, Cumberland County, July 3, 1937; Tuscarora Creek a mile^ west of Port Royal, and Honey Grove, Juniata County, July 5, 1937; Stony Fork in the Susequehanna River basin, Tioga County, August 15, 1937: Crooked Creek near Tioga, Tioga County, August 16, 1937; tributary of Perkiomen Creek west of Perkasie, also its small tributary brook. Bucks County, September 6, 1937; Kreutz Creek near Stony Brook, York County, April 15, 1938, with Charles Spayd; To- hickon Creek near Kellers Church, Bucks County, July 4, 1938; Lum- berville Creek near Carversville, Bucks Countv, September 4, 1938; West Branch of Christiania Creek in Delaware River basin south of West Grove, Chester County, September 6, 1938; Laurel Creek in Sus- quehanna River basin of Mifflin County, September 18, 1938, with Gordon Hill ; small brook near Cresco and Canadensis in the Delaware River basin, Monroe County, October 8, 1938; Buckhill Creek and Indian Ladder Falls, Monroe County, October 9, 1938; tributary of Fishing Creek at Huntington Mills in the Susquehanna River basin near rZ^lTu/' ^T ^^hi^'^^^^"'^' ^""^^"' J"^^ ^' 1939; Loyalsock M^IW T w^ '^""f^ Sulhvan County, July 4, 1939, with Mrs Marie Miller ; Tributary of Towanda Creek near Laddsburg and South Branch Bradford County, July 5, 1939,- headwater brook of Tioga Kr near ^ f y'^il'J'T County July 5, 1939; Trout Run, Lycoming County, 10^0 rt^'"''"??"^ Creek near Cogan, Lycoming County, July 7 Jufy > 1939 '"^^'^ of the Susquehanna River in Clinton County, THE LAMPREYS (Petromysonidae) Lamprey (Petromyzon inarinus) Delaware River basin in Berks, Bucks, Chester, Delaware, North- ampton, Philadelphia, Pike and Wayne counties. Susquehanna River basin in Bradford, Cameron, Dauphin, Lancaster, Mifflin, Northampton, Perry, Union and York counties r^u^"^^^ Brook Lamprey (Ichthvomyzon ffreeleyi) Ohio River basin in Erie, Indiana, Lawrence (New Wilmington and Newcastle-Raney 1939), McKean and Venango (Franklin?-Raney 1939) counties. As Ichtliyomvcon concolor in 1912 list American Brook Lamprey '( Entosphcnus lamottenii) ' Delaware River basin in Chester and Monroe counties Susquehanna River basin in Cameron and Perry counties. Hlk Kiver basin in Chester county. Ohio River basin in Allegheny, Indiana, McKean and Potter counties Ohio Brook Lamprey (Lampctra acpyptera) counues. Ohio River basin in McKean county. THE SAND SVLKRK% (Carchariidae) Sand Shark (Carcharias taunts) Delaware River tidal in Philadelphia county (accidental). THE REQUEIM SHARKS (Etdamtdae) Ground Shark (Eidamia plumbca) Delaware River tidal in Philadelphia county (accidental). THE SKATES (Rajidm) Big Spotted Skate (Raja ocellata) Delaware River tidal in Philadelphia county (accidental). THE STURGEONS (Acipenseridae) Sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Delaware, Northampton and Phila- delphia counties. ^ Susquehanna River basin in Dauphin, Lancaster and York counties Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fidvescens) ^^unues. ?i^ ?lT'^'^" ?" Allegheny, Clarion, Indiana and Warren counties. Lake iLne basin in Erie county. Short-nosed Sturgeon (Acipenser hrevirostrum) Delaware River basin in Bucks and Philadelphia counties. bHOVEL-NosED Sturgeon (Scaphirhvnchus plaforvnchus) Uhio River basin in Allegheny county. ' THE PADDLE FISHES (Pdyodontidae) Paddle Fish (Polyodon spathida) Ohio River basin in Allegheny, Clarion, Indiana, McKean and Warren counties. THE GAR PIKES (Lepisosteidae) Long-nosed Gar Pike (Lepisosteus ossens) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Delaware, Chester, Monroe and Philadelphia counties. Susquehanna River basin in Lancaster and York counties. Ohio River basin in Clarion, Crawford, Indiana and Warren counties. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Short-nosed Gar Pike (Cylindrostetis plafostomus) Ohio River basin in Allegheny county. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. BOWFINS (Amiidae) BowFTN (Amia calva) Susquehanna River basin in Lancaster County (introduced?). Ohio River basin in Allegheny county. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. MOONEYES (Hiodontidae) GoLDEYE (Amphiodon alveoides) Ohio River basin in Beaver and Youghiogheny Rivers. Mooneye (Hiodon tergisus) Ohio River basin in Allegheny county. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. THE GIZZARD SHAD (Darosomidae) GizZAftD Shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Chester, Delaware and PhiTadelphia TOunties. Ohio River basin in the Monongahela River. THE HERRINGS (Clupeidae) Inland Ale wife fPonwIohus chrysochloris) Ohio River basin in Allegheny, Blair and Indiana counties. Fall Herring (Pornololms mediocris) Delaware River basin in Bucks county. Alewife (Pornololms pscudo-harengns) Delaw^are River basin in Bucks, Delaware and Philadelphia counties. Susquehanna River basin in Dauphin, Lackawanna, Lancaster, Luzerne, Perry and York counties. Summer Herring (Pomolohus aestivalis) Delaware River basin in Bucks. Delavvare and Chester counties. Shad (Alosa sapid issima) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Monroe, North- ampton, Montgomery, Philadelphia, Pike and Wayne counties. Susquehanna River basin in Bradford, Columbia, Dauphin, Lancaster, Luzerne, Northumberland, Perr}-, Wyoming and York counties. Menhaden (Brevoo-rfia tyrannus) Delaware River basin in Bucks and Delaware counties. 61 THE WHITEFISHES (Coregonidae) Lake Huron Herring (Leucichthys artedi artedi) Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Lake Erie Herring (Leucichthys artedi alhiis) Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Whitefish (Coregonus cliipcaformis) Lake Erie basin in Erie county. THE SALMON (Salmonidae) Quinnat Salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) Delaware River basin in Bucks and Philadelphia counties (intro- duced). Susquehanna River basin in Northumberland county (introduced). Salmon (Salmo salar) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Delaware, Monroe, Northampton and Pike counties (introduced). Susquehanna River basin (introduced). Landlocked Salmon (Salmo salar sebago) Delaware River basin in Monroe, Pike and Wayne counties (intro- duced). Susquehanna River basin in Luzerne county (introduced). Brown Trout (Salmo fario) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Monroe, Philadelphia, Pike and Wayne counties (introduced). Susquehanna River basin in Blair, Cameron, Huntingdon, Luzerne, Tioga and Union counties (introduced). Columbia River Trout (Salmo clarkii) Susquehanna River basin in Center and Susquehanna counties (in- troduced). Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri iridens) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Montgomery, Pike, Wayne and Wvo- mmg counties (introduced). Susquehanna River basin in Center, Clearfield, Cwnberla^, Fay^te and Franklin counties (introduced). Lake Trout (Cristivomcr namaycush) Delaware River basin (introduced) Susquehanna River basin (introduced). Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Brook Trout (Salvelimis fontinalis fonfinalis) Delaware River basin in Berks, Bucks, Carbon, Chester, Lackawanna, Lebanon Lehigh, Monroe, Klontgomery, Northampton, Philadelphia, Pike, Schuylkill and Wavne counties. Susquehanna River ba.^in in Berks, Blair, Bradford, Cameron, Center, Clearfield, Clinton, Columbia, Cumberland, Dauphin. Elk, Fulton, Hunt- 'iT/ffj^"' Juniata Lackawanna, Lancaster, Lebanon, Luzerne, Lycoming, Mifflin (Laurel Creek) Perry, Potter, Schuylkill, Somerset, Sullivan, Susquehanna, Tioga (Blossburg), Union, Wavne, Wyoming and York counties. - > ^ e> Potomac River basin in Adams,' Franklin, Fulton and Somerset counties. Genesee River basin in Potter county. 62 Ohio River basin in Erie, Fayette, Forest, Indiana, Lawrence, Mc- Kean, Potter, Somerset, Warren and Westmoreland counties. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. THE GRAYLINGS (Thymdlidae) Michigan Grayling (Thymalliis tricolor) Locality? (introduced). THE SMELTS (Osmeridae) Southern Smelt (Osmerus niordax sergeanti) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Delaware and Philadelphia counties. THE BULLHEADS (Ameiuridae) Blue Cat (Ictalums fur cat us) Ohio River basin in the Monongahela River (Evermann and Bollman 1886). Southern Channel Cat (Ictaliirus lacusfris punctatus) Ohio River basin in Allegheny, Beaver, Clarion, Indiana and West- moreland counties. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. White Cat (Ameiurus catus) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Chester, Delaware and Philadelphia counties. Susquehanna River basin in Cumberland, Lancaster and York counties. Yellow Bullhead (Ameiurus natalis natalis) Ohio River basin in Allegheny and Crawford counties. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Bullhead (Ameiurus ncbulosus nebulosus) Delaware River basin in Berks, Bucks (east of Doylestown), Carbon, Chester, Delaware, Lebanon, Monroe, Montgomery, Northampton, Pike (Promised Land Lake) and Wayne counties. Susquehanna River basin in Adams, Bedford, Berks, Blair, Bradford, Cambria, Center, Chester, Clearfield, Clinton, Cumberland, Fulton, Juniata, Lackawanna, Lancaster, Lebanon, Luzerne, Lycoming, Mifflin, Montour, Northumberland, Perry, Snyder, Somerset, Sullivan (Shady Nook), Susquehanna, Tioga, Union, Wayne, Wyoming and York counties. Northeast River basin in Chester county. Potomac River basin in Franklin, Fuhon and Somerset counties. Genesee River basin in Potter county. Ohio River basin in Armstrong, Beaver, Cambria, Clarion, Crawford, Indiana, Jefiferson, Lawrence, McKean, Somerset, Venango, Warren and Westmoreland counties. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Black Bullhead (Ameiurus melas melas) Ohio River basin in the Kiskiminitas River. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Blind Bullhead (Gronias nigrilabris) Susquehanna River basin in Lancaster county. Yellow Catfish (Pilodictis olivaris) Ohio River basin in the Youghiogheny River. 63 Stone Cat (Noturus flavus) Ohio River basin in Pigeon Creek (Everniann and Bollnian 1886) and Youghiogheny River; Erie (Mill Village — Raney and Lachner 1939), Indiana, McKean and Mercer (Delaware Grove — Raney and Lachner 1939) counties. Genesee River basin in Potter county. Tadpole Cat (Schilh codes gyriniis) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Lehigh and Philadelphia counties. Genesee River basin in Potter county. Margined Madtom (Schilheodes insignis) Delaware River basin in Bucks (Pidcock Creek), Chester (West Grove), Lehigh, Monroe, Montgomery, Northampton, Philadelphia, Pike (Promised Land Lake) and Wayne counties. Elk River basin in Chester county. Susquehanna River basin in Adams, Blair, Bradford, Cameron, Center, Cumberland, Lancaster, Perry, Potter, Sullivan, Susquehanna and York counties. Long-nosed Madtom (Schilheodes cleuthems) Ohio River basin in Erie (Mill Village — Raney and Lachner 1939) and Mercer (Delaware Grove — Raney and Lachner 1939) counties. Brindled Madtom (Schilheodes miiirus) Ohio River basin in Indiana county (McGonnell 1^5). THE MINNOWS (Cypnnidae) Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Delaware River basin in Berks, Bucks, Carbon, Chester, Lehigh, Montgomery, Northampton and Philadelphia counties (introduced). Susquehanna River basin in Adams, Blair, Bradford, Center, Clear- field, Columbia, Cumberland, Huntingdon, Lackaw^anna, Lancaster, Lebanon, Luzerne, Lycoming, Mifflin, Perry, Snyder, Susquehanna, Union and York counties (introduced). Ohio River basin in Allegheny. Armstrong, Birtler, Crawford, Greene, Indiana, Jefferson, Lawrence, Mercer, Somerset, Venango, Warren, Washington and Westmoreland counties (introduced). Lake Erie basin in Erie county (introduced). Goldfish (Car as sins auratus) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Lehigh ^[ Kiiladelphia counties (introduced). RuDD (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) Delaware River basin in Philadelphia county (introduced). Ohio Stone Roller (Campostoma anomaliim anomalum) Susquehanna River basin in Bradford (South Branch), Columbia, Tioga (Crooked Creek) and Union counties. Ohio River basin in Allegheny, Beaver, Clarion, Indiana, Lawrence, McKean, Mercer (Delaware Grove— Raney and Lachner 1939) and Somerset counties. Mississippi Stone Roller (Campostoma anomalum pulltim) Ohio River basin in Erie (Mill Village— Raney and Lachner 1939) and Lawrence (New Wilmington— Raney 1939) counties. 64 Fat-head Minnow (Pimephales promelas promelas) Ohio River basin in McKean county. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Black-headed Minnow (Hyborhynchiis notatus) Delaware River basin in Bucks (tributary of Perkiomen Creek and small brook), Lehigh and Montgomery counties. Susquehanna River basin in Berks, Blair, Cameron, Cumberland, Dauphm, Lebanon, Snyder, Union and York counties. Ohio River basin in Allegheny, Clarion, Erie (Mill Village— Raney and Lachner 1939), Indiana, Lawrence (New Wilmington— Raney 1939), McKean ( Smethport— Raney 1939), Somerset and Westmore- land counties. Bullhead Minnow (Hy par gyms velox) Ohio River basin in the Monongahela River (Evermann and Bollman 1886). Cut-lips (Exoglossum maxillingua) Delaware River basin in Berks, Bucks, Chester, Delaware and Mont- gomery counties. Elk River basin in Chester county. Susquehanna River basin in Berks, Blair, Cameron, Center, Columbia, Cumberland (Brandtsville), Dauphin, Franklin, Juniata (Port Royal), Lancaster, Lebanon, Luzerne, Perry, Snyder, Sullivan, Susquehanna, Tioga, Union and York (Kreutz Creek) counties. Chub Minnow (Parexoglossum laitrae) Ohio River basin in Forest (Tionesta— Raney 1939) and McKean (Smethport — Raney 1939) counties. * Scalloped Minnow (Ericymha Imccata) Potomac River basin in Franklin county. Ohio River basin in Indiana, Somerset and Westmoreland counties. Red-bellied Dace (Chrosomus ervfhrogaster) Ohio River basin in the Kiskiminitas River (Fowler 1909), the Alle- gheny River (Cope 1869) and IMcKean county. Eastern Red-bellied Dace (Chrosomus erythrogasfer $m) Susquehanna River basin in Susquehanna county. Silvery Minnow (Hyhognathus nuchalis) Ohio River basin in the Kiskiminitas River (Fowler l^F). Eastern Silvery Minnow (Hyhognathus regius) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Delaware and Philadelphia counties. Roach (Notemigonus crysoleucas crysoleucas) Delaware River basin in Berks, Bucks (tributary of Perkiomen Creek and small brook), Chester, Delaware, Lebanon, Lehigh, Monroe, Mont- gomery, Northampton, Philadelphia and Pike (Promised Land Lake, Shohola Pond, Lackawaxen River) counties. •Susquehanna River basin in Cameron, Lackawanna, Lancaster, Mif- flin, Sullivan, Susquehanna, Tioga (Crooked Creek near Tioga) and Union counties. Western Roach (Notemigonus crysoleucas auratus) Ohio River basin in Clarion, Elk and McKean counties. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. 65 River Shiner (Notropis hlenniiis) Ohio River basin in the Monongahela River (as Notropis jejuniis by Evermann and Bollman 1886). Swallow Minnow (Notropis procne) Delaware River basin in Berks, Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Mont- gomery and Philadelphia counties. Elk and Northeast River basins in Chester county. Susquehanna River basin of Adams, Berks, Columbia, Dauphin, Lan- caster, Lebanon, Snyder, Union and York counties. Northern Black-chinned Shiner (Notropis heterolepis heterolehis) Ohio River basin (Raney 1939) Mimic Shiner (Notropis volucellus vohicellns) Ohio River basin in Erie (Mill Village— Raney and Lachner 1939). Big-eyed Shiner (Notropis hoops) Ohio River basin in Clarion county. Allegheny Big-mouthed Shiner (Notropis dorsalis keimi) Ohio River basin in McKean county. Genesee River basin in Potter county. Northern Sand Shiner (Notropis deliciosns stratnincus) Ohio River basin in the Monongahela River basin (Evermann and Bollman 1886), and Indiana and McKean counties. Lake Erie basin in Erie countv. Bridled Minnow (Notropis hifrenatus) Delaware River basin in Berks, Bucks (tributary of Perkiomen Creek and small brook), Chester, Delaware, Lehigh, Montgomeiy, Northamp- ton and Philadelphia counties. o ^» ^ Susquehanna River basin in Lancaster, Union and York ^wities. Black-chinned Shiner (Notropis heterodon) Ohio River basin (Raney 1939). Spot-tail Shiner (Notropis hudsonius hudsonius) Ohio River basin J ^|,e Monongahela River basin (Evermann and Bollman 1886) and McKean county. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Eastern Spot-tail Shiner (Notropis hudsonius tm^Hs) Ddaware River basin in Bucks, Chester, Delaware. Lehigh, M^^m^ ery, Philadelphia and Pike counties. *«» » "^ "«- Susquehanna River basin in Centre, Columbia, CamlbeffeTrf, ftw^in. Lancaster, Lebanon, Snyder, Union and York counties. Northern Silver-fin (Notropis spilopterus) (^10 River basin in the Kiskiminitas and Youghiogheny Rivers and McKean county. o © ./ Lake Erie basin in Lake Erie. SiLVER-FiN (Notropis analostanus) Delaware River basin in Berks, Bucks (Pidcock Creek, tributary of Perkiomen Creek and small brook), Carbon, Chester, Delaware, Lehigh, Montgomery, Philadelphia and Pike counties. Elk River basin in Chester county h.&?p ""l^'^f^^^T^^" in Berks, Blair, Bradford, Columbia, Cum- berland (BrandtsviUe), Dauphin, Huntington, Lancaster, Lebanon, Ly- 66 coming (Cogan), Mifflin, Perry, Snyder, Susquehanna, Tioga, Wyo- ming and York counties. Red-fin (Notropis cornutus cornutiis) Delaware River basin in Berks, Bucks (Kellers Church), Carbon, Chester, Delaware, Lehigh, Monroe, Montgomery, Northampton, Phila- delphia and Pike counties. Elk River basin in Chester county. Susquehanna River basin in Adams, Bedford, Berks, Bradford (Laddsburg, South Branch), Cameron, Chester, Columbia, Cumberland (BrandtsviUe), Centre, Dauphin, Lancaster, Lebanon, Luzerne (Hunt- tington Mills, New Columbus), Lycoming, Perry, Sullivan, Snyder, Susquehanna, Tioga, Union, Wyoming and York (Kreutz Creek) counties. Genesee River basin in Potter county. Ohio River basin in Clarion, Indiana, Lawrence, McKean and Warren counties. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Northern Red-fin (Notropis cornutus frontalis) Ohio River basin in McKean (Smethport — Raney 1939) county. Mississippi Red-fin (Notropis cornutus chrysocepJtalus) Ohio River basin in Erie (Mill Village — Raney and Lachner 1939) and Lawrence (New Wilmington — Raney 1939) counties. Tron-colored Shiner (Notropis chalyhaeus) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Montgomery, Northampton and Philadelphia counties. Emerald Shiner (Notropis atherinoides) Ohio River basin in the Monongahela River and Beaver River, and Indiana County. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Southern Emerald Shiner (Notropis atherinoides dilectus) Ohio River basin (Raney 1939). Red-fin Shiner (Notropis umbratilis cyanocephalus) Ohio River basin (Raney 1939). Red-faced Shiner (Notropis ruhellus) Ohio River basin Erie (Mill Village — Raney and Lachner 1939), Lawrence (New Wilmington — Raney 1939), and Mercer (Delaware Grove — Raney and Lachner 1939) counties. Silvery Shiner (Notropis photgenis) Ohio River basin in the Youghiogheny River in Erie (Mill Village — Raney and Lachner 19v39) and Indiana counties. Attractive Shiner (Notropis amoenus) Delaware River basin in Bucks (Pidcock Creek), Monroe, Mont- gomery and Philadelphia counties. Susquehanna River basin in Centre, Columbia, Dauphin, Lancaster, Lebanon, Perry, Snyder, Union and York counties. Slender Dace (Clinostomus elongatus) Ohio River basin in Crawford, Indiana, McKean and Somerset counties. 67 Rosy-sided Dace (Clinostomus vandoisulus) Delaware River basin in Chester county. Elk and Northeast River basins in Chester county. Susquehanna River basin in Bradford (Laddsburg), Cameron, Chester, Lancaster and Tioga counties. Pearl Dace (Margariscus mar gar it a margarita) Susquehanna River basin in Cameron, Centre, Lancaster and Union counties. Ohio River basin in McKean county. Fall Fish (Cheilonetnus hiillaris) Delaware River basin in Berks, Bucks (Pidcock Creek), Chester, Delaware, Lehigh, Monroe, Montgomery, Northampton, Philadelphia, Pike (Promised Land Lake, Neschronk Lake) and Wayne counties. Susquehanna River basin in Adams, Berks, Bradford, Cambria, Chester, Clinton, Cumberland, Huntingdon, Lancaster, Lycoming, Mif- flin, Montour, Potter, Somerset, Union, Wayne and York counties. Potomac River basin in Franklin and Somerset counties. Creek Chub (Semotilus afromaculatus) Delaware River basin in Berks, Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Lehigh Monroe, Montgomery, Northampton, Philadelphia, Pike and Wayne counties. Northeast River basin in Chester county. Susquehanna River basin in Adams, Berks, Blair, Bradford (Ladds- burg, South Branch), Cameron. Chester, Clinton, Columbia, Cumber- land, Dauphin, Huntingdon, Juniata (Port Royal, Honey Grove), Lacka- wanna, Lancaster, Lebanon, Lycoming (Cogan), Mifflin, Montour, Perry, Potter, Siiyder, Somerset, Sullivan, Tioga (Wellsboro, Crooked Creek, Wilson Creek, Stony Fork), Union, Wayne and York (Stony Brook, Coal Creek) counties. ^ Potomac River basin in Franklin and Somerset counties Ohio River basin in Allegheny, Armstrong, Cambria, Clarion, Fayette, w " ' Indiana, Jefferson, McKean, Potter, Somerset, Warren and Westmoreland counties. Long-nosed Dace (Rhinichthvs cataractae) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Carbon, Chester, Lehigh, Nor^^ ton and Pike counties. s* «»w^i^- Susquehanna River basin in Adams, Blair, Bradford fSoutfi Brancli). Cameron, C^tre, Columbia, Cumberland (Brandtsville), Dauphin^ rwntnn r t^^^^ Luzerne (Huntington Mills), Perry, Snyder, Tioga ^ Pll p-^''l^^-^"^°;^.^^ York (Stony Brook, Coal Creek) countils. iilk Kiver basin in Chester county. Ohio River basin in Fayette and Indiana counties. Black-nosed Dace (Rhinichthvs atratulus atratnlus) Delaware River basin in Bucks (small brook emptying into a tributary of the Perkiomen Creek, Carversville). Carbon, Chester (West Grove) PJsT Mnnt'^'^^^^' Monroe (Canadensis. Bushkill Creek, Indian Ladder SK'wSa:ei)^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^'^ -^ ^'^^ (^-^-^ Elk and Northeast River basins in Chester county burfwhT ^7T^^'^" ^" ^;!^"^'' ^"'^^' B^^^^' Bradford (Ladds- burg, South Branch), Cameron, Centre, Chester, Clinton (Grape Run), m Columbia, Cumberland (Brandtsville), Dauphin, Franklin, Huntingdon, Juniata (Port Royal, Honey Grove), Lackawanna, Lancaster, Lebanon! Luzerne (Huntington Mills, New Columbus, Benton), Lycoming (Trout Run, Cogan), Mifflin (Laurel Creek), Perry, Potter, Snyder, Sullivan, Susquehanna, Tioga (Wellsboro, Crooked Creek, Wilson Creek, Stony Fork, Blossburg), Union and York (Stony Brook, Coal Creek) counties. Potomac River basin in Fulton county. Genesee River basin in Potter county. Ohio River basin in Beaver, Crawford, Favette, Indiana, McKean, Potter, Somerset, Warren and Westmoreland counties. Western Black-nosed Dace (Rhinichthvs atratulus meleaQris) Ohio River basin (Raney 1939). ' Southern Black-nosed Dace (Rhinichthvs atratulus obtusus) Ohio River basin (Raney 1939). Big-eyed Chub (Hybopsis amblops) Ohio River basin (Raney 1939). Silver Chub (Hybopsis storerianus) io2^x^° ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^" *^^ Monongahela River (Evermann and Bollman 1886). Spotted Chub (Eritnystax dissimilis) Susquehanna River basin in Centre (Ross 1905) county. Ohio River basin in the Monongahela and Youghiogheny Rivers. Crested Chub (Nocomis micropogon) Elk River basin in Chester county. Susquehanna River basin in Berks, Bradford, Cameron, Centre, Cum- berland, Dauphin, Elk, Franklin, Lancaster, Lebanon, Luzerne, Lycom- ing (Cogan), Perry, Snyder, Susquehanna, Tioga, Union and York counties. Potomac River basin in Cumberland county. (Dhio River basin in Erie (Mill Village— Raney and Lachner 1939), Indiana and Mercer (Delaware Grove— Raney and Lachner 1939) counties. Horned Chub (Nocomis biguttatus) Genesee River basin in Potter county. Ohio River basin in Beaver, Fayette, Indiana, Lawrence (New Wil- mington— Raney 1939), McKean, Warren and Westmoreland counties. THE SUCKERS (Catostomidae) Carp Sucker (Carpiodes carpio) Ohio River basin in Beaver county. Quillback (Carpiodes velifer) Ohio River basin in Allegheny (Rafinesque 1820) countv, Mononga- hela River (Evermann and Bollman 1886) and Youghiogheny River. Rough-nosed Carp Sucker (Carpiodes cutisanserinus) Ohio River basin in the Kiskiminitas River. Eastern Carp Sucker (Carpiodes cyprinus) Susquehanna River basin in Lancaster, LTnion and York counties. Lake Carp Sucker (Carpiodes forbesi) Lake Erie basin in Erie county. 69 Small-mouth Buffalo Fish (Ictiohus bubalus) Ohio River basin in Allegheny (Rafinesque 1818) county. Black-horse (Cycleptus elongatits) Ohio River basin in Allegheny county, Allegheny River and Kiskiniin- itas River. White-nosed Red-horse (Moxostoma anisurum) Ohio River basin in Allegheny (Rafinesque 1820) and Mercer (Mc- Connell 1905) counties, Youghiogheny (Cope 1870) and Beaver Rivera. Long-tailed Red-horse (Moxostoma hreviceps) Ohio River basin in the Youghiogheny (Cope 1870) River. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Fine-scale Red-horse (Moxostoma duquesnii) Ohio River basin in Allegheny (Le Sueur 1817), Indiana and Law- rence (New Wilmington — ^Raney 1939) counties, Youghiogheny (Cope 1870) and Beaver Rivers. Golden Red-horse (Moxostoma erythrttrum) Ohio River basin in Beaver, Indiana, McKean and Westmoreland counties. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Lake Red-horse (Moxostoma rubreques) Ohio River basin in the Allegheny (Cope 1881?) River. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Big-toothed Sucker (Placopharynx carinatus) Ohio River basia in the Youghiogheny (Giinther 1868) and Beaver Rivers. Spotted Sucker (Minytrema melanops) Susquehanna River basin in Centre (Ross 1905) county. Ohio River basin (Raney 1939). Chub Sucker (Erimyzon oblongiis) Delaware River basin in Berks, Bucks (Pidcock Creek), Chester, Delaware, Lehigh, Montgomery, Northampton, Philadelphia and Pil« (Lacka waxen River) counties. Susquehanna River basin in Blair, Cameron, Centre, Columbia, Cui». berland, Dauphin, Lancaster, Mifflin, SulUvan (Shady Nook), Union and York counties. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Black Sucker (Hypcntclhim nigricans) Delaware River basin in Lehigh county (introduced?). Elk River basin in Chester county. Susquehanna River basin in Adams, Berks, Blair, Bradford (South Branch), Cameron, Chester, Cumberland (Brandtsville), Dauphin, l;^ranklin Lancaster. Lebanon, Mifflin, Perry, Snyder, Susquehanna lioga, Union and York (Kreutz Creek) counties. T Sl"^*^ ^I'n^J^x^^P ^" Beaver, Clarion, Erie (Mill Village— Raney and i^chner 1939), Indiana, Lawrence, Mercer (Delaware Grove— Raney and Lachner 1939), Potter, Warren and Westmoreland counties. Long-nosed Sucker (Catostomits catostomus) Ohio River basin in the Youghiogheny (Jordan 1878) River. 70 Sucker (Catostomus commersonnii commersonnii) Delaware River basin in Berks, Bucks, Carbon, Chester, Delaware, Lehigh, Monroe, Montgomery, Northampton, Philadelphia, Pike (Promised Land Lake) and Wayne counties. North East River basin in Chester county. Susquehanna River basin in Adams, Bedford, Berks, Blair, Bradford (Laddsburg, South Branch), Cameron, Centre, Chester, Clinton, Columbia, Cumberland (Brandtsville), Dauphin, Franklin, Fulton, Juniata (Honey Grove), Lackawanna, Lebanon, Lancaster, Luzerne (Huntington Mills, New Columbus), Lycoming, Mifflin, Perry, Snyder, Sullivan (Shady Nook), Susquehanna, Tioga (Crooked Creek near Tioga), Union, Wyoming and York (Stony Brook, Coal Creek) counties. Potomac River basin in Franklin and Fulton counties. Genesee River basin in Potter county. Ohio River basin in Armstrong, Beaver, Cambria, Clarion, Fayette, Forest, Indiana, McKean, Somerset, Venango, Warren and Westmore- land counties. Lake Erie l^in in Erie county. THE EELS (Anguillidae) Eel (AngiiUla bostoniensis) Delaware River basin in Berks, Bucks, Carbon, Chester, Delaware, Lehigh, Monroe, Montgomery, Northampton, Philadelphia, Pike (Nes- chronk Lake) and Wayne counties. Susquehanna River basin in Bedford, Berks, Blair, Bradford, Cam- eron, Clearfield, Clinton, Huntingdon, Lackawanna, Lancaster, Luzerne, Lycoming, Mifflin, Montour, Perry, Potter, Sullivan, Susquehanna. Wyoming and York counties. Potomac River basin in Somerset county. Genesee River basin in Potter county. Ohio River basin in Allegheny, Cambria, Clarion, Indiana, Potter, Somerset and Warren counties. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. THE PIKES (Esocidae) Banded Pickerel (Esox americanus) Delaware River basin in Berks, Bucks, Carbon, Chester, Delaware, Lehigh, Monroe, ^Montgomery, Northampton, Philadelphia and Pike (Promised Land Lake) counties. Susquehanna River basin in Berks, Blair, Chester, Columbia, Cum- berland, Elk, Fulton, Huntingdon, Lancaster, Luzerne, Lvcoming, Montour, Northumberland, Perry, Susquehanna, Union and York counties. Western Pickerel (Esox vermicidattis) Ohio River basin in Armstrong, Clarion, Crawford, Elk, Indiana, :Mc- Kean, Mercer, Potter and Venango counties. Chain Pickerel (Esox niger) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Carbon, Lehigh, Monroe, Philadel- phia, Pike (Promised Land Lake, Neschronk Lake) and Wayne counties. n Susquehanna River basin in liradford. Centre, Clearfield, Clinton, Cumberland, Lackawanna, Lebanon, Luzerne, Sullivan (Shady Nook), Susquehanna, L^nion and Wyoming counties. Lake Erie basin (introduced). Northern Pike (Esox lucins) Ohio River basin in Clarion, Crawford, Indiana, Mercer, McKean, Warren and Westmoreland counties. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. MusKELLUNGE (Esox nmsqutnongy masquinongy) Delaware River basin in Wayne county (introduced). Lake Erie basin in Erie countv. Ohio Muskellunge (Esox nmsquhwngy ohioensis) Ohio River basin in Beaver, Clarion, Crawford and Warren ^^ities. THE MUD MINNOWS (Umbridae) Mud Minnow (Uiiihra pygmaea) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Delaware and Philadelphia counties. Western Mud Minnow (Umbra limi) Ohio River basin in Crawford county. THE KILLIFISHES (Cyprinodontidae) MuMMiCHOG (Fimduliis heteroclitus macrolepidotus) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Delaware and Philadelphia counties, Ohio River basin (Raney 1939, introduced). ^^ Barred Killifish (fundidus diaphanus diaphanus) Delaware River basin in Berks, Bucks (Pidcock Creek, small brook emptying into a tributary of the Perkiomen Creek, Tohickon Creek near Kellers Church), Chester, Delaware, Lehigh, Montogomery, Northamj^ ton and Philadelphia counties. Susquehanna River basin in Berks, Centre, Columbia, Dauphin, Lan- caster, Lebanon, Snyder, Susquehanna and York counties. Potomac River basin in Franklin county. Ohio River basin (Raney 1939, introduced). Menona Killifish (Fundidus diaphanus menona) Ohio River basin in Warren county. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. THE TOP .MINNOWS (Poeciliidae) Top Minnow (Gambusia holbrookii) Delaware River basin in Delaware countv (introduced from Cape May, N. J.). ^ ^ THE BILL FISHES (Belonidae) Green Gar (Strongylura marina) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Delaware and Philadelphia counties. Susquehanna River basin in Lancaster and York counties. Houndfish (Strongylura acus) Susquehanna River basin in the lower Susquehanna River. 72 THE CODS (Gadidae) Burbot (Lota maculosa) Delaware River basin in Bucks county (introduced). Susquehanna River basin in Dauphin and Lycoming counties (intro- duced). Lake Erie basin in Erie county. THE SOLES (Achiridae) Sole (Achirus fasciatus) Delaware River basin in Bucks and Philadelphia counties. THE SILVERSIDES (Atherinidae) Brook Silversides (Labidesthes sicculiis sicctdus) Ohio River basin in the Youghiogheny River. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. THE TROUT PERCHES (Percopstdae) Trout Perch (Percopsis omisconwyciis) Delaware River basin in Lehigh county. Ohio River basin in the Monongahela River (Evermann and Boll- man 1886) and Mercer county (McConnell 1905). THE STICKLEBACKS (Gasterosteidae) Brook Stickleback (Eucalia inconstans) Ohio River basin in Clarion county. Two-spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus acideatus) Delaware River basin in Philadelphia county. Three-spined Stickleback (Apeltes quadracus) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Delaware, Lehigh, Northampton and Philadelphia counties. THE BLUE FISHES (Pomatomidae) Btufi FtSH (Pomatomus saltatrix) Delaware River basin in Philadelphia county (accidental). THE PIRATE PERCHES (Aphredoderidae) Pirate Perch (Aphredoderus sayanus) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Delaware and Philadelphia counties. THE SUNFISHES (Centrarchidae) White Crappie (Pomoxis annularis) Delaware River basin (introduced). Susquehanna River basin (introduced). Ohio River in the Monongahela and Kiskiminitas Rivers. Black Crappie (Pomoxis sparoides) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Delaware, Monroe, Montgomery, Northampton, Philadelphia and Pike counties. Susquehanna River basin in Lancaster and York counties. Ohio River basin in Clarion county. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. 73 Red-eyed Bass (Amhloplites rupestris) Delaware River basin in Philadelphia county (introduced). Susquehanna River basin in Cumberland, Juniata (Port Royal) and Tioga (Crooked Creek) counties. Potomac River in Franklin county. Genesee River basin in Potter county. Ohio River basin in Beaver, Clarion, Crawford, Fayette, Indiana Lawrence, McKean, Warren and Westmoreland counties. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Mud Suxfish (Acantharchus pomotis) Delaware River basin in Bucks (Fowler 1938) county. Warmouth (Chaenobryitus gulosus) Delaware River basin (introduced). Susquehanna River basin (introduced). Ohio River basin (Raney 1939). Sphagnum Sunfish (Enneacanthus obestts) Delaware River basin in Bucks and Philadelphia counties. Blue-spotted Sunfish (Enneacanthus gloriosus) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Delaware, Philadelphia and Pike (Promised Land Lake) counties. Banded Sunfish (Mcsogonistius chaetodon) Delaware River basin in Bucks and Philadelphia counties. Green Sunfish (Apomotis cyanelhis) Ohio River basin in Allegheny county. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Red-bellied Sunfish (Lepomis atiritus) Delaware River basin in Berks, Bucks f small brook emptying into a Ch^Te7 ^l^^^^^^ '^°^^^^^" ^'^'^ ^' Kellers^ Church)! Pnf. 7p • f?' Leh'S^' ^lontgomery, Northampton, Philadelphia ^11 ^^r^^^^se^ Land Lake) and Wavne counties. ^ Llk Kiver basin in Chester county DauDhin'^^^•l.^m ^^''r '" ^^''l^'"'' ^^'^'' *^^"*'-^' Cumberland. Blue Sunfish (HeUoperca viacrochira) co?„Sr(intrSr;ed)"'" '" ^"'^'^' ^^'^■■^^' ^"^^ ^"-^ Philadelphia ?^Z S'y", ^^''•? in Warren county and Kiskiminitas River, i-ake trie basin in Erie county. Ohio River basin in the Kiskiminitas River. ^ Northern Long-eared Sunfish (Xenotis megalotis peltastes) Ohio River basin (Raney 1939). ^ Sunfish (Eupomotis gibbosus) Delaware River ])asin in Berks, Bucks (east of Doylestown) Carbon countie;. (P^^"^'^^^ Land Lake, Shohola Pond) ind Wayne 7A Susquehanna River basin in Adams, Berks, Blair, Bradford, Cambria, Clinton, Centre, Columbia, Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Fulton, Huntingdon, Lackawanna, Lancaster, Lebanon, Luzerne, Mifflin, Mon- tour, Northumberland, Perry, Sullivan, Susquehanna, Tioga, Wyoming and York (Coal Creek) counties. Potomac River basin in Fulton county. Ohio River basin in Clarion, Franklin, Indiana and McKean counties. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Small-mouthed Bass (Micropterus dolomieu) Delaware River basin in Chester county (introduced). Susquehanna River basin in Cumberland (Brandtsville), Lycoming (Cogan) and Tioga counties (introduced). Potomac River basin in Fulton county (introduced). Ohio River basin in Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, Butler, Cambria, Clarion, Clearfield, Crawford, Erie, Fayette, Forest, Indiana, Lawrence (New Wilmington — Raney 1939), McKean, Mercer, Somerset, Ven- ango and Warren counties. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Large-mouthed Bass (Huro sahnoides) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Lehigh, Monroe, Montgomery, Northampton, Philadelphia, Pike and Wayne counties (introduced). Potomac River basin (introduced). Ohio River basin in Crawford, Indiana, McKean and Warren counties. — — Lake Erie basin ^ Erie county. ISE PERCHES (Percidae) Yellow Pike Perch (Stizostedion vitreum) Delaware River basin in Bucks county (introduced). Susquehanna River basin in Lancaster and York counties (intit^ duced). Genesee River basin in Potter county. Ohio River basin in Allegheny, Beaver, Butler, Cambria, Clarion, Crawford, Forest, Indiana, Lawrence, McKean, Warren and West- moreland counties. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Blue Pike Perch (Stizostedion glauctis) Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Sauger (Stizostedion canadense) Ohio River basin in Indiana and Warrett ^Ntt^tf i^ the Beaver and Youghiogheny Rivers. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Carbon, Delaware, Lehigh, Monroe, Montgomery, Philadelphia, Pike (Promised Land Lake) and Wayne counties. Susquehanna River basin in Bradford, Lackawanna, Lancaster, Lu- zerne, Mifflin, Wyoming and York counties, 75 Ohio River basin in Crawford county (introduced) Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Log Perch (Percitm caprodes) Susquehanna River basin in Lancaster county. Ohio River basin in Crawford and McKean counties. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Gilt Darter (Hadropterus evides) Ohio River basin (Raney 1939). ^^Au?^^'?^'^^^^ Darter (Hadropterus phoxocephalus) IsS) "^ ^^^^ '" *^^ Monongahela River (Evermann and Bollman ^^r^u'^o'^^^'^ Darter (Hadropterus macrocephahis) Yo^gWoSrn; R^^^^ ^^'""" ''""'^' ^^'"^^ ^'^ (^^- 1892) and Shielded Darter (Hadropterus peltatus) Delaware River basin in Montgomery and Pike counties. counties" ""^ ''^■'''" ''" ^^''^^' °^"P^'"' Lancaster and Snyder ^^,^^^"^i°^ Darter (Hadropterus maculatus) Uhio River basin in Indiana county. ^'^/^u^"^^'?^" Darter (Etheostoma blennioides) IpSr^^rM.? " in Clarion, Erie (Mill Village-Raney and Lachner lyjy) and Mercer (Delaware Grove— Ranev and Lachner 1939V counties. Also in the Beaver, Kiskiminitas and Monongahela RiyS Johnny Darter (Boleosoma nigrum nigrum) Ladiner IQW^^'n '" ^'H'}eny, Crawford ( Venango-Raney and Lachner 1939), Clarion, Indiana, McKean and Mercer (Delaware Grove and Carlton-Raney and Lachner 1939) and McKean countTes Tessellated Darter (Boleosoma nigrum olmstedi) PidcocTrr.5.'r'r ^f '"r^"''"'' ^"^^^ (Carversville, Kellers Church, fidcock Creek), Carbon, Chester, Delaware. Lehigh. Monroe Mont- gomery Northampton, Philadelphia and Pike counfie^ tik Kiver basin in Chester county rpnrr'r?1""l?^'''^'' ''\''",'" ^^^'"^' B^'-ks. Blair, Bradford, Cameron Centre, Columbia Cumberland (Brandtsville), Dauphin, Huntingdon fe N."°r, ^T\ ^?'' ^°y^')' Lancaster, Lu^^rne (HuSJon Mills, New Columbus), Lycoming (Cogan), Mifflin Perrv SnvTr §S)"coun"tr ''""^' "^'"^^ (^^""^^ ' ^^^^'^) -^ Yo"^ (K-Tz' ^^^u- ^^y^^ (Ammocrypta pellucida pellucida) & i^L'basTn in'"EHeMunTy''°^'^"^ ^"' ^°"°"^^''^'^ ^^ Variegated Barter (Poecilichthys variatus) 76 Zoned Darter (Poecilichthys sonalis) Ohio River basin in Mercer (Delaware Grove — Raney and Lachner 1939) county, and Monongahela River (Evermann and Bollman 1886). Lake Erie basin in Erie (Mill Village — Raney and Lachner 1939) county. Spotted Darter (Poecilichthys maculatus) Ohio River basin in Crawford (Venango— Raney and Lachner 1939), Erie (Mill Village— Raney and Lachner 1939) and Mercer (Carlton and Delaware Grove — Raney and Lachner 1939, Jamestown — McCon- nell 1905) counties. Blue Darter (Poecilichthys caerideus) Ohio River basin in Erie (Mill Village — Raney and Lachner 1939) and Mercer (Carlton and Delaware Grove — Raney and Lachner 1939) counties, also Kiskiminitas River, and Monongahela River (Evermann and Bollman 1886). Blue-breasted Darter (Poecilichthys camurus) Ohio River basin in Erie (Mill Village — Raney and Lachner 1939) county. Tippecanoe Darter (Poecilichthys tippecanoe) Ohio River basin in Crawford (Venango — Raney and Lachner 1939) and Mercer (Carlton — Raney and Lachner 1939) counties. Fan-tailed Darter (Catonotus flabellaris fiabellaris) Susquehanna River basin in Cumberland and Perry counties. Potomac River basin in Franklin county. Ohio River basin in Allegheny, Crawford, Erie (Mill Village — Raney and Lachner 1939), Mercer (Delaware Grove — Raney and Lachner 1939) and McKean ( Smethport— Raney 1939) and Westmoreland counties. Lowland Darter (Hololepis erochrous) Delaware River basin in Bucks county. THE SEA BASSES (Scrranidae) White Bass (Lepibeftta chrysops) Delaware River basin in Pike (Bruce, Silver Lakes) and Wayne (Beech Lake) counties (introduced). Genesee River basin in Potter county. Ohio River basin in Clarion, Indiana, Mercer and Warren counties. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. Striped Bass (Roccus saxatilis) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Cb^ter, Delan^re, Montgomery, Philadelphia and Pike counties. Susquehanna River basin in Dauphin, C^ncaster, Luzerne and York counties. Yellow Bass (Chrysoperca tnterrupta) Delaware River basin (introduced). White Perch (Morone americana) Delaware River basin in Bucks, Carbon, Delaware, Montgomery, Northampton and Philadelphia counties. Susquehanna River basin in Lancaster and York counties. 77 THE CROAKERS (Sciaenidae) Fresh-water Drum ( Aplodinotiis grunniens) Ohio River basin in Indiana county, the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers. Lake Erie basin in Erie county. THE SCULPINS (Cottidae) Western Sculpin (Cottiis hairdii bairdii) Genesee River basin in Potter county. Ohio River basin in Allegheny, Clarion, Crawford, Indiana, McKean, Somerset and Westmoreland counties. Sculpin (Cottus gracilis) Delaware River basin in Berks, Bucks, Carbon, Chester, Lehigh, Montgomery and Northampton counties. Elk River basin in Chester county. ^ Susquehanna River basin in Berks, Centre, Columbia, Cumberland Dauphm, Huntingdon, Lancaster, Luzerne (Benton), Lycoming (Trout Run), Mifflin (Laurel Run), Perry, Snyder and Tioga counties. BTBLIOGRAPHY My paper entitled Notes on Pennsvhmtfa Fishes gives a clue to the prenms literature dealing with Pennsylvania fishes.^ Several papers noticed below have appeared subsequently relating to the western part of the State, and announce additional species. Edward Cowden Raney 1939. The Distribution of the Fishes of the Ohio drainage basin of Western Pennsylvania. Cornell University Abstracts of Theses, 1939, pp. 273 to 277. A list of 117 species and subspecies without localities. The breeding habits otTchthyomv::on greeleymulibs and Traut- man. Copeia, 1939, no. 2, July 12, pp. Ill and 112 Observations of the nesting habits of Parexoglossum laurae Hubbs and Trautman. Copeia, 1939, no. 2, July 12, pp. 112 and i. J. o. 1939. Edward C. Raney and Ernest A. Lachner Observations on the Life History of the Spotted Darter, PoecU^ tchthys maculatus (Kirkland). Copeia, 1939, no. 3, Sep. 9, pp. 157 to 165. Includes notes on the fishes of the Shenango River Allegheny River and French Creek, in northwestern Pennsyl- vania. > Report of the Board of Fish Commissioners for the period ending May 31, 1938, pp. 101 to 108. 7B EDUCATION AND PUBLICITY The ** Pennsylvania Angler," the Press, and the Capitol News have been the Board's medium of education and publicity. Many news re- leases have been made, with a wide distribution through the papers of the Commonwealth. Through the "Angler" it has been possible to launch some real con- ser^^ation measures, some of the most important being : The education of fishermen to the use of artificial flies an4 lures. The Plant a Willow Program. The formation of Junior Conservation Groups. Campaign on the Water Snake. The "Angler" has an ever increasing subscription list. However, it should be in the hands of every fisherman, and we urge all groups to do what they can, either by sale to their various members, or by includ- ing it in the annual dues. It is your magazine and we request your sup- port. The subscription price is fifty cents (50c) per year and in groups of ten or more a liberal discount is given, which is available to organiza- tions and other groups interested in conservation. Sample copies and sut^^^t^ blanks will be gladly ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to pay tribute to all Sportsmen's Groups who have so faith- fully cooperated with the Fish Commission. They have always been ready and willing to assist in the distribution of fish, and have been instrumental in establishing Junior Conservation Chapters in every sec- tion of the Commonwealth. The Press has been most liberal with publicity and without it we would have been unable to formulate our program. The Board expresses its deep appreciation for this service. The Board also extends its thanks to the ever faithful employes in the office and field and for the outstanding and business-like manner in which they have conducted the affairs of the Commission. 79 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CHARTS AND STATISTICS PERIOD ENDING MAY 31, 1940 (Charts complete for calendar year 1940) 81 TO THE STOCKHOLDERS : Have you given much thought to the set-un nf vn,„- r^ ■ ■ ^ What it flnpc fn.- „„. 1 . s '" <■'": !.et up ot youi Commission ? vvnat It does for you— how it operates— and above all— how vo.,r li- cense money is expended. -^"'"^ ''' The $1.50 you pay for a license is not a tax Tt ic . . . -u .• r trfitr^ ^'^^ ''''-''' °^ ^^'^^ °^ ^- - a^iti^^rer t" ": taxnaver h.r T "° P'""' '" ''' "^-tenance. So often the averle taxpayer believes his money is helping to operate a branch of the Stafe During 1940 the Fisherman's Dollar was expended as follows:- • • • ♦ • • • ♦ • ♦ • • Hatching, Propagation and Distribution of Fish Salaries and Expenses of Wardens New Construction Administration . . . Research Boat Patrol," Purchase of' Land and WaierV S ores Acct., Legal, Refunded Fines ' Publicity Dept. o£ Revenue, Dept. of State-Insurance • ••••»», 57.35 15.43 12.30 5^ 3.21 3.16 2.67 of^e Bofr/orFi^^^ --titute the major function (S7c) of every do^j' Commissioners. During 1940, fifty-seven cents Under ou pTest^^rlam ""orrT T- ^'^^'"'^'^ ^^^ '"^'^ P^P-^" stocked. Severa n^ears a/o . ^'^^f ""°"' ""'y major waters are now distributed wkhnnr ''^^ °^ ''"''" ^^'^^ "^^d^- «"d fish are ance of tile taUshermer" '""""' ^"' ^"^"'P'"^"^' ^>*^ ^he assist- we?e":;rb::rSii'^^^^ rr °°^- ^™ -^ -^-^^ trout 548,988 black bass 1'' to 14'' 326 ^^JV"" 7''" '''''""' ^^'=^'-" catfish 3" to 11^." Cr. ' ^^^f^'^ bream 2" to 8"; and 498,793 .™. ana „.„/L.^':,;;:::Xt:sr^j'JX^"^^^ .ion o7b™'2r:ik'"" ,""",'' ".r" •""■' ' '"^'' 4 # > •nr — ^ / • / • — ^ ..-• < t 1 - - — - 5-*"=^ > > < - ■ "% -^ '*^ ■ : ^^^ ; •-^^ ^-^, \ ■ ^ 'A kj a LiJ o > o U o a UJ i m \ < C£ < CO CM SS2QOOOOOOOO StiVllOa dO SQNVSnOHJL < "5 S6 UJ o CO UJ q: I CO Q UJ <5 9 o CO z UJ- q: ^ o a u. u> I- a UJ U ui a 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I M \r-rm I I I » ' ' 1 I ' I I M I M Lzr o o o d o I ' N I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I r o o o o o ITN I I ' 1 ' I I I I I I I I M TT I I I I I I I I I I I I I i ' I ' » ' ' I ■ o o o o o o o o d o TT I I I I I » I M i_LL %7 m 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M M M M M 1 1^ 1 o o o o* o CM o o o » o o J__ o 00 ITS -KN KN O -KN ON .CM o m - a UJ V) 1^ < III .c^ a o nO z .CM (A UJ ITS i/i •CM z UJ o J H KN Z UJ o •^ C/) CM UJ •<^i QC « a < yj > PISH FUND— JUNE 1, 1938. TO MAY 31, 1939 Balance June 1, 1938 $576,916.43 Receipts Fish law fines Commercial hatchery licenses Seine licenses Motor boat fines Lake Erie licenses * « • • « • t******^ • • • « • •«*•!»••*»• *•«•■•• • «*«•«*« Non-resident and tourist Ashing licenses Resident fishing licenses *.,...,..♦...•........,,.. Motor boat licenses Sale of publications Contributions ,♦♦.••.,..... Eel chute licenses Sale of unserviceable property $12,537.03 1.035.00 10. OO 190.00 2,440.00 20,299.00 2,225.81 729,795.20 9.738.25 4,881.71 9,450.00 159.00 185.08 124.88 793.070.96 Total funds available $1 ,369.987.39 Expenditures Salary of Commissioner ..♦.,,......,. \_/UiLC Salaries .•*.*•■.••••..••..•••,,.... Hatching and propagating ........................ Commissioners' expenses .••••*.,.,.,«.,.,,,,..,., Salaries and expenses of wardens .,.».,........,♦ Office expenses . . . Boat patrol Purchase of land . Field work Buildings and ponds ....,,.......,,...,,.. Publicity and research Refunded fines Printing State Department Retirement Board Department of Revenue • • • « « » * * * 0 ft i • •»••♦••••»»•»«•»•♦••»♦» «••«■« « « • * $6,000.00 15.720.00 260,922.64 5,960.93 125.00 102,723.95 11,484.37 53.36 13.00 28,853.36 20,462.13 20,408.80 60.00 3.046.19 3,825.00 17,787.24 497,445.97 Balance May 31, 1939 $872,541.42 88 FISH FUND JUNE 1. 1939, TO MAY 31, 1940 ■ • • • • ^.% # # # « ■ • « « j^ « # * c • ■•••••••••••• Balance June 1. 1939 $872,541.42 Receipts Fish law fines $12,483.25 Commercial hatchery licenses Seine licenses Motor boat fines Lake Erie licenses Non-resident and tourist fishing licenses Resident fishing licenses ..• Motor boat licenses ...,..,». Sale of publications ..,.*..,...... Contributions *..*.....,.. Eel chute licenses Sale of unserviceable prope Miscellaneous ♦..• , Refunds not credited to allocation Itetal ftffids avallaMe ,,.......,. *•*«««*■ «#*•«•••••••••• t»9*« • ■••••••■••t# *•#♦•*••♦ 975.00 10.00 210.00 3,082.00 17,619.69 5.080.45 552,344.01 12,466.25 3,827.85 10.975.00 179.00 377.12 16.26 311.60 • • • • • • • • 619,957.48 ...... $1,492,498.90 Expenditures Salary of Commissioner ..•,,^,, vJiiice salaries .•«»• • • * • • * • Hatching and propagating •.,,,., Commissioners' Expenses ........ Salaries and expenses of wardens Office expenses Boat patrol Purchase of land . Field work * • • • • • « • # • • * • «»»«•■ •••••• * #- # « ! »•«•«»< i • « A * # i *■••••• #.»-♦ » ♦ * i • •■•••• ' « « • • • » • * • ■ Buildings and ponds v Publicity and research Refunded fines Printing State Department— Retirement Board Department of Revenue >»•*#•* * $6,000.00 15,617.67 313,730.42 4,061.38 1.194.40 101,439.85 11,073.48 59.51 11,650.00 58.467.58 60,770.45 20,334.16 3.766.51 2,535.00 17,^5.70 627,956.11 Balance June 1. 1940 $864,542.79 89 DATA IN RE: NUMBER OF RESIDENT, NON-RESIDENT AND TOURIST FISHING LICENSES ISSUED SINCE THE LAWS BECAJVIE EFFECTIVE Year 1922. 1923. 1924. 1925. 1926. 1927. 1928. 1929. 1930. 1931. 1932. 1933. 1934. 1935. 1936. 1937. 1938. 1939. 1940. Resident (Effective January 1. 1922) Non-resident (Effective Julv 8, 1919) M0.. 1920 1921 • « * « # » « • * » • • • • ■ t •■••••#«^« 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 192ft 19*^1 ^iJ^£i ••••••••••••• 19S4 X \JtJ%f ...••...•....♦.»»*....»..#»^»«, ,...,,,.,. xl/OU. ....*.•■**••»•«•..•.....,......,......,. ^*^v t .. ..•••*aa.a.^.. #«..... . ... ...... ■*«.■«■•« 1 <>^S 1Q9Q 1 ...... • ••#••«•*.. c »a a *«a#f.a«aa^jy^f.f.^a. a Tourist (Effective Sept©ml»r I, i^] inoc * J.t700. ................ t 9 tt-tm mm mm*:^'^-^m t mmumm^m-^-m^m J-VOO* •••••••••••«• •■•«:« 4F****« 1939 1Q4A ***«»••*•#• • • • • ••*•«••*»•••*( * But not less than ^.50. Number 203.061 214.392 247.281 250.873 261.109 293.397 255.275 263.633 264,589 250.940 242.863 216.424 258.166 254.961 261.939 359.528 395.714 397.388 384.231 50 1,836 2.031 2.76i 2.931 2,964 3,18t 3,776 5.200 6,236 6,473 4,739 4,122 3,357 2,799 3,063 2,936 1.081 8,464 3.251 3,149 8,487 38 1,908 2,778 3,035 3,052 3,073 Cost $1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each 6.00 each 5.00 each 5.00 each 5.00 each 5.00 each 5.00 each 6.00 each Reciprocal * Reciprocal Reciprocal Reciprocal Reciprocal Reciprocal Reciprocal Reciprocal Reciprocal Reciprocal Reciprocal Reciprocal Reciprocal Reciprocal Reciprocal $1.50 each 1.50 each 1.50 each 1.50 each 1.60 each 1.50 each 90 RESIDENT CITIZEN'S FISHING LICENSES ISSUED Calendar Years 1931-1940, Inc. Totals 1031 250,940 Adams Allegheny Armstrong Beaver Bedford -. Berks Blair ._.. Bradford Bucks Butler Cambria Cameron Carbon Centre Chester _. Clarion Clearfield - Clinton Columbia Crawford Cumberland Dauphin _. Delaware Elk Erie Fayette Forest Franklin Fulton Greene .»». Huntingdon Indiana Jefferson Juniata Lackawanna Lancaster Lawrence Lebanon Lehigh Luzerne Lycoming McKean Mercer Mifflin Monroe Montgomery Montour Northampton .__ Northumberland _ Perry Philadelphia Pike Potter Schuylkill Snyder Somerset Sullivan Susquehanna Tioga Union Venango Warren Washington Wayne Westmoreland — Wyoming York 1932 242.863 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 Issued by Depart- ment of Revenue 729 11,257 2,369 1,807 1,635 9,054 5,896 3,890 2,336 2,250 5,549 597 3,241 2,462 2,152 1,844 2,663 2,539 3,205 4,055 1,866 5,130 1,226 1,838 7.586 2,394 760 1,762. 292 702 1,960 1,779 1,907 630 1!>,023 5,:J95 3.160 2.289 7,035 22,844 7,618 2.894 3,461 2,215 S.Sll 4,902 G81 4.210 4.332 574 6.507 1,716 1,935 6.112 586 2,281 655 3,513 2,:J45 1,863 a, 923 2,916 2,431 3,755 4.138 2.700 4.627 828 10,264 1,954 1,734 1,517 8,332 5.952 4,260 2,001 2,140 5,886 738 2,956 2,586 1,928 1,740 2,944 2.609 2,867 3,887 1,717 5,230 1,299 2,223 6,560 1,914 686 1,759 303 769 1.693 1,488 2,023 647 17.238 5.515 2.484 2.173 6.659 23,905 7,336 4,081 2,047 2,080 2,890 5,749 476 3,776 4,687 505 6,353 1,350 2,072 5,937 596 1,923 638 3,729 2,554 1,434 3,368 2,848 2,371 4.033 5,058 1,709 4,652 216,424 !58,166 254,961 265,176 ;59,l26 4.742 4,303 822 8,961 1,616 1,538 1,367 7,499 5,366 4,136 1,693 1,742 4,687 699 2,694 2,850 1,864 1,720 2,386 2,547 2.646 3,678 2,046 4,185 1,335 1,666 5,333 1,392 670 1,656 317 652 1,585 1,162 1,704 573 15,208 5.365 2.435 2.008 5.479 20.731 6,243 3,858 2.575 1.824 2.513 5.788 457 3.882 4,467 491 4,912 1,727 1,935 6,449 578 1,482 620 3,494 2,358 1,152 3,025 2.440 2,066 3,373 3,728 1,478 4,795 1,058 11,754 2,621 2,163 1,862 8,561 5,946 4,678 1,887 2,514 6,002 827 3,141 3.632 2.167 1.957 3,240 2,741 2,877 4,325 2,537 4,633 1.713 1.725 7,104 1,815 746 1,824 426 1,038 2,108 1,613 2.095 646 17.794 6.426 3,303 2,520 6.277 23.149 7,306 4,386 3,660 2.139 2.932 6.488 588 4,935 5.097 533 5,688 1,777 2,038 6,166 778 2,054 7-23 4,250 2,588 1,310 3,358 2.508 3,^7 3,968 5,250 1.690 5,601 1,070 13.080 2,865 2,298 1,628 8,723 5.684 4.224 1.811 2.649 6,776 594 3,125 3.515 2.124 1,913 3,125 2,648 2,993 4,647 2,387 4,850 1,734 1,595 7,280 1,877 565 1,669 392 1,221 2,330 1,884 1,885 649 15.891 6,310 3,196 2,372 6,223 22,518 6.894 3.969 3.608 2,179 2,936 6.349 576 6.171 4,996 513 6,214 1,749 1,824 5,598 741 2,153 658 4,184 2,399 1,271 3,052 2,00 3,73t 3,87;' 5,687 1,57. 5,57l 1,107 14,778 3,169 2,824 1,693 9,167 6,060 4,346 1,706 2,999 6,405 742 3,258 3,683 2,089 1,949 3,113 2,607 3.044 4.765 2,580 5,357 1,703 1,651 8,398 2.792 637 1,903 448 1,148 2,449 1,800 1,827 566 16.076 6,879 3,437 2,436 5.371 23.203 6.955 3.862 4,025 2.152 2,790 6,923 627 5,764 5,038 536 6,769 1,693 1,692 5,630 734 2,891 653 4,075 2,239 1,222 3,212 2,093 3,334 3,549 0,619 1.588 6,238 1,629 25,129 4,572 5,695 2,195 12,941 7,642 5,096 23,362 5,220 9,223 835 3,669 4,429 3,233 2,885 4,394 3,343 3,341 6,487 3,631 7,566 2,251 2,418 12,069 4,422 897 2,578 562 1,667 2,860 2,800 2,681 770 17,979 9,992 6,266 3,853 7,098 24.891 7.850 5.545 6,678 2.801 3,179 8,746 861 7,898 6,440 859 9,801 1.625 2,644 6,872 901 4,038 736 4,257 2,592 1,331 4,557 3.025 7,171 4,215 9,573 1,844 7,950 1938 1939 1940 385,308 398,109 382,962 3,812 8,724 3,1W 3,208 6,041 1,206 I 36,052 5,329 6,493 2,758 13,281 8,013 5,065 3,063 5,077 11,102 896 3,656 4,810 4,151 3.290 5,104 4,013 3,363 7,290 3.784 14,297 2,863 2,726 12,001 5,478 888 2,971 563 1.951 2,811 3.566 2.983 801 18,875 10,370 6,355 2,913 7,324 24,574 7,387 5,606 8,327 3,082 3,057 9,068 830 7,848 3,882 980 8,797 2.089 2,595 6.524 1.063 4,5(^ 789 4,073 3,886 1,331 5,116 3,775 3.609 3,918 10,985 1,843 8,037 1,296 38,153 6,154 6,283 2,782 12,914 8,043 5,006 3,040 5,063 11,736 892 3,845 6,056 4,279 3,192 5.059 4,072 3.570 7.212 4.345 10,950 2,943 3.086 13,488 5.186 813 3,158 572 1.557 2.772 3,974 3.320 798 18.775 9.949 6.5(» 4.177 7.875 25.467 8.264 5.442 7,540 3,141 2,884 9.291 825 9,407 4,651 847 8,999 1,456 2,381 8,985 1,099 4,465 736 3,984 3,475 1,428 5,100 3,702 9,217 3,542 10,778 1,720 8,393 1,077 39,260 5,134 6,418 2,748 9,634 8,339 4,577 3,316 4,828 11,240 778 3,526 4,871 5,303 2,869 4,626 2,846 3,777 6,918 3,305 11,772 3,341 2,861 13,378 4,931 595 3,223 604 1,318 2,661 3.241 3,055 702 16,340 9,279 6,076 4,399 7,433 23,346 7,897 4.903 7,498 3.034 2.851 8,5»5 700 8.663 7.322 844 8,949 1,271 2,0ffi 8,453 886 4,523 OOO 3,439 3,005 1,309 4,772 3.343 9,729 O ydoO 11.437 1,467 7,961 91 STATEMEKT OF PROSECUTIONS FOR VIOLATIONS OF THE FISH LAWS— Calendar Years 1938-1940 Charge •••••«■#•««# • • • • • ••###« Illegal devices Fishing without license Fishing on Sunday Fish under legal size . . Aliens fishing Using explosives Fish out of season Lending license Taking frogs by use of light Frogs and tadpoles out of season Pollution Exceeding creel limit Using borrowed or stolen license Violation of motor boat law Drawing off dam without permit ...... Fishing on State fish hatchery property Fishing in posted waters Selling bass or trout . . . Interfering with officer . Refusing to show license Rods not under control Operating eel chute without permits . . Fishing on Sunday without land owner's consent Violating rules and regulations of Board Using unsigned license ..*. Not displaying button , Non-resident fishing on resident license Preventing migration . Exceeding bag limit for frogs Exceeding bag limit for terrapin ...,,, Fines remitted by magistrates ..•..,... • « * • • • • • « • • • • Number of Arrests 147 178 104 B 12 64 13 14 f i 753 $12,981.60 ' $14,377.68 92 1940 99 n m s 2 55 6 2 4 • f 1 m m I — . 5 15 7 — 2 •■™" _ "s 1 If m — -• I 8 m 1 t t — 688 519 $9,538.50 REPORT OP COMMERCIAL FISH HATCHERIES FOR CALENDAR YEAR 1938 Species Number Pounds Eggs Value Brook trout — Market 133,867 29,87214 — $21,958.62 Brook trout— Live mature 31,842.38 Brook trout — Adv. fry 56.485 - __ 291.30 Brook-trout — Green eggs ^_^ 28,000,000 2,800.00 Brook trout— Eyed eggs — . — — 10,582,880 10,301.63 Brown trout— Market — 907% — 545.80 Brown trout— Live mature 13,237 ' — — 4,991.10 Brown trout— Adv. fry „ 331 — — 17.60 Brown trout— Green eggs ., — — 40,000 50.00 Brown trout— Eyed eggs «,, — S10.910 407.24 Rainbow trout— Market .— — 635H — 612.05 Rainbow trout— Live mature _.«.. 10,901 — — 1,817.63 Bass -— 14,640 465,422 ,- _^ 843.75 Bait-flsh -««.., 10,085.1S Goldfish - „„«,„««,„ 105,367 — — 3,353.92 Catfish . . .,...,„... 500 — — 12.50 Sunfish 3,132 482 „._ : 151.90 120.50 Fish-bait «««««„,.«,««,«.-.. 31,277 — - *— 627.53 Totals 835,641 31,415 , 38,943,790 190,839.57 REPORT OF COMMERCIAL FISH HATCHERIES FOR CALENDAR YEAR 1939 Species Number Pounds Eggs Value Brook trout— Market " 46,945 ^_ $28,220.16 Brook trout— Live mature i 187,887 v» — 37,548.05 Brook trout— Adv. fry «... m,im — -. 278.00 Brook trout— Green eggs «« — w. 6,300,000 6,175.00 Brook trout— Eyed eggs «.. H*" mm 5,427.300 4,653.50 Brown trout— Market __ m^ ■•» %jm — 1,139.90 Brown trout— Live mature «, 39,141 t-m -^.^ 11.335.20 Brown trout— Adv. fry «, 1,060 — •aq* 78.00 Brown trout— Green eggs «,«. -«- — 700,000 805.00 Brown trout— Eyed eggs «, i — 1,002,700 1,248.84 Rainbow trout— Market — I»M — 1.406.67 Rainbow trout— Live mature ^,3^ — — 6,744.30 Rainbow trout— Adv. fry 2,125 — — 183.50 Rainbow trout— Eyed eggs — ^ 150,000 237.50 Bass 2,728 ^ — — 952.00 Balt-flsh 463,442 •*• __ 9,394.47 Goldfish 208,435 - — — 4,260.36 Catfish 1,350 — — 13.50 Sunfish 10,979 — — 443.50 Pickerel 306 — — 102.00 Fish-bait 51,8:>7 -- — 997.70 Totals 1,047,882 51,061 13,580.000 $116,217.15 93 REPORT OF COMMERCIAL FISH HATCHERIES FOR CALENDAR YEAR 1940 Species "i Brook trout— Market Brook trout— Live mature Brook trout— Adv. fry Brook trout— Green eggs . Brook trout— Eyed eggs _._ -, Brown trout— Market Brown trout— Live mature ....... Brown trout— Adv. fry Brown trout— Eyed eggs , Rainbow trout— Market Rainbow trout— Live mature Rainbow trout— Adv. fry .... Rainbow trout— Eyed eggs Bass Bait-flsh — „ Goldfish . Catfish .,. Sunfish Pickerel Yellow perch Fish-bait Number Pounds Eggs 35,128% Totals 175,445 35,700 50,038 10,000 21,976 13,000 1,200 784,061 259,154 21,785 1,600 1,096 505 91,488 1,106 1,671% 1,467,048 37,908 Value _ $21,368.62 — 39,063.99 — 186.50 5,560,000 5,560.00 , 11,730,000 11,507.50 644.00 — 14,035 19 — 50.00 554,000 644.00 — 1,323.27 — 3,173.70 mm 104.00 133,000 207.75 «M 110.00 — 16,344.16 — 5,317.53 — 253.75 — 95.00 — 396.20 — 12.50 — 1,374.23 17,977,000 $121,771.89 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH— JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1937 Species Brook trout — ....^ .., Brown trout ..^ ....... Rainbow trout ..„««..........., Brook trout ..,...,..«.,...„ Brown trout --....,.......,..^« Rainbow trout ................ Black bass *..„......,.„«, Pike perch -..,-....«....„„ Yellow perch ................ Blue gill sunfish ................ Catfish -„«.. ^..,..,^« Minnows ..—..-.«....«..... Blue pike (Lake Krl«> ,....«...„ Pickerel -.««...*..... Frogs (embryo) ......... Suckers ........^ Miscellaneous Total Size Number 6 inches to 10 inches ,., , ^.....^ . 6 Inches to 14 inches ^..^ ^......„ 7 inches to 21 inches ....... ^.......«... Fingerling .«,«,..„*..^ .,.,«.... Fingerling _ ..^««..„..«......,.,«...,. Fingerling .......—........„..,.........., 1 inch to 16 inches .«..„«,........„...., Fry to 16 inches Fry to 10 inches _ 1 inch to 8 inches 2 inches to 10 inches 2 inches to 6 inches Fry 14 Inches to 18 inches .. 1 inch to 4 inches _ 2 inches to 10 inches ... 678,825 449,934 202,040 1,404,905 1,378,(^ 220,750 357,409 21,040,296 143.927,9^ ^4,135 472,694 16,043 1^769,000 3,170 406,300 19,155 24,361 233,154,987 In addition to the fingerling for cooperative nurseries. distribution, the Board also furnished 2tfr,000 fingerling trout 94 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH-JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1938 Size Number Brook, brown and rainbow trout... Brook, brown and rainbow trout.. . Black bass Pike perch Yellow perch Cisco (Lake Erie) — Blue gill sunfish — - -- Catfish Minnows Blue pike (Lake Erie) White fish (Lake Erie) «.,^^ Pickerel Suckers — Total 6 inches to 21 Inches Fingerling 1 inch to 16 inches .. Fry to 16 inches 1,396,072 3,205,475 . 526,608 7,081,069 Fry to 10 inches 163,092,418 Pry 1,530,000 1 inch to 8 inches - 964,387 2 inches to 10 Inches 417,085 2 inches to 6 inches — .. 218,028 Pry «...«^ 54,631,000 Fry __ ^.«...* 2,000,000 14 inches to 18 inches ^,..«... ; 4,849 2 inches to 10 inches 10,101 235,077,092 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH— JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1939 Species Brook, brown and rainbow trout. Brook, brown and rainbow trout- Black bass »^T.»-»— *■■■—— Pike perch «^.-,,«...-.«.— Yellow perch ^«»,«,«.«.— — « Cisco (Lake Erie) .,..«.«.«,..•.— Blue gill sunfish ....—......-«»«« Catfish — - — — . Minnows ........... Blue pike (Lake Erie) ...«.,«• — ^ Pickerel ..,«.«.«,«.—... Suckers ....».....— Frogs (embryo) ^.....w._«.— , Miscellaneous — Size Total 6 inches to 21 InchM . Fingerling 2 inches to 20 Inches . Fry to 16 inches Fry to 10 inches ..... Fry -. 1 inch to 8 inches — 2 inches to 12 inches . 2 inches to 6 inches .. Fry 14 inches to 18 inches 2 inches to 10 inches . Number 1,511,834 1,864,350 254,101 25,714,088 219,970,735 13,600,000 2,020,767 941,447 949,626 7,625,000 4,717 121,180 481,169 85,600 275,144,614 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH— JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1940 Species Brook, brown and rainbow trout. _. Brook, brown and rainbow trout. .- Black bass Bream Catfish Pike perch Yellow perch Cisco ...1 Minnows — Pickerel —- Suckers Frog (embryo) Mi8(%llaneuus Size Number Total 6 inches to 19 inchos ... 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