J L 1 B RA FLY OF THE U N I VER.5 ITY or ILLl NOI5 507 1945-48 CENTRAL CIRCUUTION BOOKSTACKS The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its renewal or its retVn/to the hbrao^ from which it was borrowed on or before the latest Dote stamoed fet^f $75" ?c?r '^ '""ST^ « -^"»-- Tee or $75.00 for each lost book. T1.«ft, motllotlon, and underlining of book. «■• r^ 'or dUelplinory oeflon and may re.ul. ^ J, . . "" Hie University. ^ * '" «"""'»»ol from TO RENEW CAU TEIEPHONE CENTER, 933.8400 ^"ourdrSte" ''^'' "'" "^ '^' ^- ^'- ANNUAL REPORT IHl CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM January 1948 Underwood and Underwood WILFRED HUDSON OSGOOD, 1875-1947 Chief Curator of the Department of Zoology from 1921 to 1940 Curator Emeritus of Zoology from 1940 to 1947 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Report of the Director to the Board of Trustees for the year 1947 THE LIBRARY OF TH: OCT 12 1948 L'NIVCRCITY C.- ILLIN0;3 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS JANUARY, 1948 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS r u ■ Contents PAGE Former Members of the Board of Trustees 10 Former Officers 11 Officers, Trustees, and Committees, 1947 12 List of Staff, 1947 13 Report of the Director 19 Membership 22 N. W. Harris Public School Extension 24 James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation 26 Department of Anthropology 40 Department of Botany 48 Department of Geology 56 Department of Zoology 64 Library 72 Photography and Illustration 80 Motion Pictures 80 Publications and Printing 82 Public Relations 85 Maintenance, Construction, and Engineering 88 Financial Statements 90 Attendance and Door Receipts 91 Accessions, 1947 92 Members of the Museum 105 Benefactors 105 Honorary Members 105 Patrons 105 Corresponding Members 106 Contributors 106 Corporate Members 107 Life Members 108 Non-Resident Life Members 109 Associate Members 109 Non-Resident Associate Members 124 Sustaining Members 124 Annual Members 124 Articles of Incorporation 138 Amended By-Laws 140 Illustrations PAGE Wilfred Hudson Osgood frontispiece Aerial View of Chicago Natural History Museum 9 Chicago Natural History Museum jg Fossil Reptile Preparation Laboratory 23 Portable Exhibit, N. W. Harris Public School Extension 25 Polar Bear Group under Inspection 27 Guatemalan Indian Costumes 31 Art Students in Museum 34 Main (North) Entrance of Museum, Interior View 36 Raymond Foundation Pre-Tour Discussion 37 Southwest Archaeological Expedition, 1947: Dr. Ernst Antevs, Dr. John B. Rinaldo, E. B. Sayles 41 Miniature Model of Kiva 43 Ethnological Expedition to Micronesia, 1947 45 Woman's Blouse, Guatemala 46 Paul C. Standley, Curator of the Herbarium 49 Botanical Expedition to Cuba, 1947 50 Escuela Agricola Panamericana, Honduras 51 Flailing Quinoa 52 Plant Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Botany 54 Stages in Reconstruction of Fossil Plant 55 Model of Earth's Interior 57 Stibnite Crystals 58 Chemical Laboratory, Department of Geology 59 X-ray Photograph Laboratory, Department of Geology 60 Skeleton of Cacops, Early Permian Amphibian 62 Model of Galapagos Turtle 65 Dr. Austin L. Rand, Curator of Birds, Classifying Specimens 66 Philippine Tarsier 68 Philippines Zoological Expedition, 1946-47 71 Symposium Speakers (Botany), December 29, 1947 77 "Espeletias in the High Andes, Colombia" 81 Radio Broadcast, Station WBEZ 86 ^Hdi^i Chicago Natural History Museum, formerly Field Museum of Natural History, uear the shore of Lake Michigau, faces Rooseveh Road at Lahe Shore Drive, with Soldier Field to the south (at right, iu picture) atid, to the east, fohu G. Shedd Aquaruiui and Adler Plaiutariuiu (at extreme left). File Museum is opeu to the public every day of the year except Christmas and New Year's Day. It may be reached by elevated or surface railways, South Shore aud Illiuois Central sid)urbaii trains, or bus. Fhere is ample free parking space near the Aluseum. Former Members of the Board of Trustees George E. Adams,* 1893-1917 Owen F. Aldis,* 1893-1898 Allison V. Armour,* 1893-1894 Edward E. Ayer,* 1893-1927 John C. Black,* 1893-1894 M. C. Bullock,* 1893-1894 Daniel H. Burnham,* 1893-1894 George R. Davis,* 1893-1899 James W. Ellsworth,* 1893-1894 Charles B. Farwell,* 1893-1894 Frank W. Gunsaulus,* 1893-1894, 1918-1921 Emil G. Hirsch,* 1893-1894 Charles L. Hutchinson,* 1893-1894 John A. Roche,* 1893-1894 Martin A. Ryerson,* 1893-1932 Edwin Walker,* 1893-1910 Watson F. Blair,* 1894-1928 William J. Chalmers,* 1894-1938 Harlow N. Higinbotham,* 1894-1919 Huntington W. Jackson,* 1894-1900 Arthur B. Jones,* 1894-1927 George Manierre,* 1894-1924 Cyrus H. McCormick,* 1894-1936 Norman B. Ream,* 1894-1910 Norman Williams,* 1894-1899 Marshall Field, Jr.,* 1899-1905 Frederick J. V. Skiff,* 1902-1921 George F. Porter,* 1907-1916 Richard T. Crane, Jr.,* 1908-1912, 1921-1931 John Barton Payne,* 1910-1911 Albert A. Sprague,* 1910-1946 Chauncey Keep,* 1915-1929 Henry Field,* 1916-1917 William Wrigley, Jr.,* 1919-1931 John Borden, 1920-1938 Albert W. Harris, 1920-1941 James Simpson,* 1920-1939 Harry E. Byram,* 1921-1928 Ernest R. Graham,* 1921-1936 D. C. Davies,* 1922-1928 Charles H. Markham,* 1924-1930 Silas H. Strawn,* 1924-1946 Frederick H. Rawson,* 1927-1935 Stephen C. Simms,* 1928-1937 William V. Kelley,* 1929-1932 Fred W. Sargent,* 1929-1939 Leslie Wheeler,* 1934-1937 Charles A. McCulloch,* 1936-1945 Theodore Roosevelt,* 1938-1944 * Deceased 10 Fo rmer Off icers PRESIDENTS FIRST VICE-PRESIDENTS SECOND VICE-PRESIDENTS THIRD VICE-PRESIDENTS SECRETARIES TREASURERS DIRECTORS Edward E. Ayer* 1894-1898 Harlow N. Higinbotham* 1898-1908 Martin A. Ryerson* 1894-1932 Albert A. Sprague* 1933-1946 Norman B. Ream* 1894-1902 Marshall Field, Jr.* 1902-1905 Stanley Field 1906-1908 Watson F. Blair* 1909-1928 Albert A. Sprague* 1929-1932 James Simpson* 1933-1939 Silas H. Strawn* 1940-1946 Albert A. Sprague* 1921-1928 James Simpson* 1929-1932 Albert W. Harris 1933-1941 Ralph Metcalf 1894 George Manierre* 1894-1907 Frederick J. V. Skiff* 1907-1921 D. C. Davies* 1921-1928 Stephen C. Simms* 1928-1937 Byron L. Smith* 1894-1914 Frederick J. V. Skiff* 1893-1921 D. C. Davies* 1921-1928 Stephen C. Simms* 1928-1937 * Deceased 11 Officers; Trustees^ and Committees^ 1947 OFFICERS BOARD OF TRUSTEES COMMITTEES Stanley Field, President Marshall Field, First Vice-President Albert B. Dick, Jr., Second Vice-President Samuel Insull, Jr., Third Vice-President Solomon A. Smith, Treasurer Clifford C. Gregg, Secretary John R. Millar, Assistant Secretary Lester Armour Sewell L. Avery W. McCoRMicK Blair Leopold E. Block Boardman Conover Walter J. Cummings Albert B. Dick, Jr. Howard W. Fenton Joseph N. Field Marshall Field John P, Marshall Field, Jr. Stanley Field Samuel Insull, Jr. Henry P. Isham HuGHSTON M. McBain William H. Mitchell Clarence B. Randall George A. Richardson Solomon A. Smith Albert H. Wetten Wilson Executive — Stanley Field, Solomon A. Smith, Albert H. Wetten, W. McCormick Blair, Samuel Insull, Jr., Marshall Field, John P. Wilson, Albert B. Dick, Jr. Finance — Solomon A. Smith, Leopold E. Block, Albert B. Dick, Jr., Howard W. Fenton, John P. Wilson, Walter J. Cummings, Albert H. Wetten Building— Albert H. Wetten, William H. Mitchell, Lester Armour, Joseph N. Field, Boardman Conover Auditing — W. McCormick Blair, Clarence B. Randall, Marshall Field, Jr. Pension — Samuel Insull, Jr., Sewell L. Avery, Hughston M. McBain 12 List of Staff, 1947 DIRECTOR DEPUTY DIRECTOR DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY Clifford C. Gregg John R. Millar Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator Wilfrid D. Hambly, Curator, African Ethnology T. George Allen, Research Associate, Egyptian Archaeology C. Martin Wilbur,* Curator, Chinese Archaeology and Ethnology Fay-Cooper Cole, Research Associate, Malaysian Ethnology Alexander Spoehr, Curator, Oceanic Ethnology Donald Collier, Curator, South American Ethnology and Archaeology J. Eric Thompson, Research Associate, Central American Archaeology A. L. Kroeber, Research Associate, American Archaeology George I. Quimby, Curator of Exhibits Wilton M. Krogman, Research Associate, Physical Anthropology Robert J. Braidwood, Research Associate, Old World Prehistory John B. Rinaldo, Assistant, Archaeology Alfred Lee Rowell, Dioramist Gustaf Dalstrom, Artist John Pletinckx, Ceramic Restorer Agnes H. McNary, Departmental Secretary Theodor Just, Chief Curator B. E. Dahlgren, Curator Emeritus Paul C. Standley, Curator, Herbarium Julian A. Steyermark, Assistant Curator, Herbarium Harold Hinshaw, Assistant, Herbarium J. Francis Macbride, Curator, Peruvian Botany Jose Cuatrecasas, Curator, Colombian Botany Earl E. Sherff, Research Associate, Systematic Botany Francis Drouet, Curator, Cryptogamic Botany Harry K. Phinney,* Assistant Curator, Cryptogamic Botany L. H. Tiffany, Research Associate, Cryptogamic Botany Hugh C. Cutler, Curator, Economic Botany Llewelyn Williams,* Curator, Wood Technology J. S. Daston, Assistant, Botany Emil Sella, Curator of Exhibits * Resigned, 1947 13 DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY Milton Copulos, Artist-Preparator Samuel H. Grove, Jr., Assistant, Plant Reproduction Frank Boryca, Assistant, Plant Reproduction Edith M. Vincent, Departmental Secretary Sharat K. Roy, Chief Curator Bryan Patterson, Curator, Fossil Mammals Rainer Zangerl, Curator, Fossil Reptiles Albert A. Dahlberg, Research Associate, Fossil Vertebrates Everett C. Olson, Research Associate, Fossil Vertebrates Eugene S. Richardson, Jr., Curator, Fossil Invertebrates George Langford, Assistant, Paleobotany R. H. Whitfield, Associate, Paleobotany Violet S. Whitfield, Associate, Paleobotany Ernst Antevs, Research Associate, Glacial Geology Harry E. Changnon, Assistant Curator, Geology Robert Kriss Wyant, Assistant Curator, Economic Geology James H. Quinn,* Chief Preparator, Fossils Orville L. Gilpin, Chief Preparator, Fossils Henry Horback, Preparator William D. Turnbull, Preparator Stanley Kuczek, Preparator John Conrad Hansen, Artist Frances Foley, f Departmental Secretary Joanne Neher, Departmental Secretary Karl P. Schmidt, Chief Curator Wilfred H. Osgood, J Curator Emeritus Colin Campbell Sanborn, Curator, Mammals Philip Hershkovitz, Assistant Curator, Mammals Austin L. Rand, Curator, Birds Emmet R. Blake, Associate Curator, Birds BoARDMAN Conover, Research Associate, Birds Louis B. Bishop, Research Associate, Birds Rudyerd Boulton, Research Associate, Birds Ellen T. Smith, Associate, Birds Melvin a. Traylor, Jr., Associate, Birds Clifford H. Pope, Curator, Amphibians and Reptiles Ch'eng-chao Liu, Research Associate, Reptiles Loren p. Woods, § Curator, Fishes ♦Resigned, 1947 t Retired, 1947 t Deceased, 1947 § On leave 14 DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY (Continued) ASSOCIATE EDITORS DEPARTMENT OF IHE N. VV. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION John W. Winn, Assistant Curator, Fishes Marion Grey, Associate, Fishes William J. Gerhard, Curator, Insects Rupert L. Wenzel, Assistant Curator, Insects Henry S. Dybas, Assistant Curator, Insects Harry Hoogstraal, Assistant Curator, Insects Alfred E. Emerson, Research Associate, Insects Gregorio Bondar, Research Associate, Insects Charles H. Seevers, Research Associate, Insects Alex K. Wyatt, Research Associate, Insects Ruth Marshall, Research Associate, Arachnids Fritz Haas, Curator, Lower Invertebrates D. DwiGHT Davis, Curator, Vertebrate Anatomy H. Elizabeth Story, Assistant, Vertebrate Anatomy Dorothy B. Foss, Assistant, Vertebrate Anatomy R. M. Strong, Research Associate, Anatomy Julius Friesser, Taxidermist L. L. Pray, Taxidermist Leon L. Walters, Taxidermist Frank C. Wonder, Taxidermist Ronald J. Lambert, Assistant Taxidermist Joseph B. Krstolich, Artist Peggy Collings Brown,* Artist Margaret G. Bradbury, Artist James E. Trott, Artist-Preparator Margaret J. Bauer, Departmental Secretary Lillian A. Ross, Scientific Publications Helen Atkinson MacMinn, Miscellaneous Publications Richard A. Martin, Curator Albert J. Franzen, Preparator and Taxidermist John Bayalis, Preparator William J. Beecher,* Preparator Miriam Wood, Chief Roberta Caldwell* Winona Hinkley Cosner June Ruzicka Buchwald Lorain Farmer Marie Svoboda Harriet Smith Jane Ann Sharpe * Resigned, 1947 15 THE LAYMAN LECTURER THE LIBRARY ACCOUNTING ADMINISTRATION AND RECORDS PUBLIC RELATIONS COUNSEL DIVISION OF MEMBERSHIPS DIVISIONS OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATION DIVISION OF MOTION PICTURES STAFF ARTIST DIVISION OF PRINTING GENERAL SUPERINTENDENT Paul G. Dallwig§ Carl W. Hintz, Librarian Emily M. Wilcoxson, Librarian Emerita Mary W. Baker, Associate Librarian Eunice Marthens Gemmill, Assistant Librarian Meta p. Howell, Assistant Librarian Louise Boynton, Secretary Frank L. Heyser, Bookbinder Benjamin Bridge, Auditor William A. Bender, Assistant Auditor A. L. Stebbins, Bookkeeper Robert E. Bruce, Purchasing Agent SusAN M. Carpenter, Secretary to the Director Marion G. Gordon, Registrar Elsie H. Thomas, Recorder Edna T. Eckert, Assistant Recorder H. B. Harte Pearle Bilinske, in charge C. H. Carpenter, t Photographer Herman Abendroth, Assistant Photographer Norma Lockwood, Illustrator John W. Moyer Arthur G. Rueckert Raymond H. Hallstbin, in charge W. H. Corning § On leave t Retired, 1947 16 SUPERINTENDENT OF MAINTENANCE CHIEF ENGINEER CAPTAIN OF THE GUARD James R. Shouba William E. Lake E. S. ABBEYf t Retired. 1947 17 Chicago Natural History Museum, Roosevelt Road an J Lake Shore Drive Annual Report of the Director To the Trustees: I have the honor to present a report of the operations of the Museum for the year ended December 31, 1947. The year was notable in the considerable increase in our collec- tions, brought about through the resumption of our expeditionary program and by purchase, since shipment from foreign lands was now possible. The outstanding gift to the Museum was that of the fossil vertebrate collection of the University of Chicago. This collection, described elsewhere in the Report, was presented to the Museum as a result of the generous recognition by officials of the university of the proper fields of the two institutions. The collection will, of course, continue to be available to students and scientists, and its study at the Museum will be furthered by the presence of additional comparative material. The numbering system used in the collection will be preserved, with the addition of a suitable prefix, in order to avoid the long and difficult task of renumbering and also because many of the specimens appear in the literature of paleontology under the university numbers. Professor Misael Acosta Solis, Director of the Ecuadorian In- stitute of Natural Sciences, Quito, Ecuador, presented to the Museum an extensive collection of herbarium specimens from Ecuador. When it is added to the Museum's collections from that country, the Museum's Herbarium will contain the largest collection of Ecuador- ian plants in the world. Similarly, Dr. Jos^ Cuatrecasas, formerly professor of botany and director of the Botanical Garden of Madrid, Spain, now our Curator of Colombian Botany, presented to the 19 Museum his immense collection of herbarium specimens and woods of Colombian plants, this probably being the largest private col- lection ever assembled in Colombia. The accessioning of these two collections assists in rounding out the Museum's coverage, in botany, in Central America and in northern South America. The Department of Anthropology received as a gift from Miss Florence Dibell Bartlett, of Chicago, an outstanding collection of Guatemalan textiles valued at more than ten thousand dollars. A special exhibit featuring this collection was held in Stanley Field Hall in the Museum during the months of November and December. The Department of Zoology profited greatly by the receipt of the collections from the Philippines Zoological Expedition, 1946-47, which bring to the Museum a great deal of material of high scientific importance. The collection includes a series of specimens of a small arboreal mammal, the tarsier, formerly believed to be extremely rare but found by our expedition in great numbers in certain types of forest. Arrangements had also been made that brought to the Museum a quantity of Australian birds and mammals collected by Gabrielle Scott, largely new to our collections. Elsewhere through- out the world various trained zoological collectors were engaged in collecting desirable material for the Department. The death on June 20, 1947, of Dr. Wilfred Hudson Osgood, Curator Emeritus of Zoology, brought to an end the distinguished career of one of the world's great zoologists. Dr. Osgood had been a member of the Museum staff since 1909 and had been head of the Department of Zoology from 1921 until his retirement in 1940. The high standing of our Department of Zoology is largely due to his influence both in exhibition and in research. The most notable accession of the year in the Museum Library was the collection of five hundred volumes from the estate of Dr. Osgood. In addition to the strictly zoological works that it con- tained, there were a great many travel books, primarily on South America and Abyssinia, reflecting his interest in these particular areas. This gift has enabled us to place in the Division of Mammals duplicate copies of several important works. Bookplates serve as a reminder of Dr. Osgood's gift. In December, 1947, the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science and many of its allied societies met in Chicago. Several sessions of various societies met in the Museum and, on the evening of December 29, the "Biology Smoker," sponsored by the American Society of Naturalists, was held at the Museum. On this occasion there was an attendance of more than 5,500, and our 20 visitors were generous in expressing their appreciation to the Museum and its Committee of Special Arrangements. Also held at the Museum during the year were one session of the Special Libraries Association and a joint meeting of the Chicago Entomological Society and entomologists of the Illinois State Natural History Survey and the University of Illinois. Four members of the staff of the Museum were guests of Princeton University at its Bicentennial Conference on "Common Problems of Genetics, Paleontology, and Evolution," held in January of this year. The Museum scientists were Dr. Theodor Just, Chief Curator of the Department of Botany, Bryan Patterson, Curator of Fossil Mammals, Karl P. Schmidt, Chief Curator of the Department of Zoology, and D. D wight Davis, Curator of Vertebrate Anatomy. Finances of the Museum General economic conditions have been reflected in the Museum. During the year 1947, the cost of operating the Museum totaled more than $1,012,000, an increase of nearly $170,000 over the operating cost of the preceding year, and resulted in an operating deficit of $10,442.46 (for comparative financial statements, see page 90). Approximately $74,000 of this increase in operating costs appeared in pajToll accounts. This was due to some increases in staff and to the general need for salary and wage increases to offset the high cost of living as well as to bring the pay of Museum workers into line with the scale paid in similar kinds of employment. In 1947, approximately $134,000 more than in the preceding year was spent for furniture and fixtures. This included the acquisi- tion of a great amount of storage equipment and exhibition cases not available during the war years and also included the purchase of microscopes and other laboratory equipment that were not available previously. Although additional storage cases are still to be provided, the laboratories are now well equipped and the scientific staff is in position to achieve maximum results. An appropriation of $40,000 to cover the recataloguing of the Library is also a con- tributing factor in the increased cost of operations. The decrease shown in the amount spent for building repairs and alterations was due primarily to the fact that in 1946 the Museum had spent disproportionate sums in providing a new roof and new flag poles and in tuckpointing the building, thus arresting depreciation and deterioration. The operating deficit for the N. W. Harris Public School Extension continues to increase because of higher costs all along the line without any increase in endowment. 21 ^■•^^■^l^^^^WTTT^ Trustees and Officers At the Annual Meeting of the Board of Trustees in January, Stanley Field, President of Chicago Natural History Museum, was re-elected to serve for his thirty-ninth consecutive year. All other officers who served in the preceding year were also re-elected. They are: Marshall Field, First Vice-President; Albert B. Dick, Jr., Second Vice-President; Samuel Insull, Jr., Third Vice-President; Solomon A, Smith, Treasurer; Clifford C. Gregg, Director and Secretary; and John R. Millar, Deputy Director and Assistant Secretary. Membership It is with considerable gratification that an increase again can be reported in the number of Members on the Museum roster. The total number of Members recorded on December 31, 1947, amounted to 4,724. During the year, 503 new Members were enrolled. It is with regret that the loss of 405 Members through transfer, cancella- tion, and death is recorded. The names of all persons listed as Members of the Museum during 1947 will be found on the pages at the end of this Report. The number of Members in each classification at the close of 1947 is as follows: Benefactors — 23; Honorary Members — 8; Patrons — 19; Corresponding Members — 7; Contributors — 156; Corporate Members — 42; Life Members — 185; N on-Resident Life Members — 15; Associate Members — 2,381; Non-Resident Associate Members — 9; Sustaining Members — 17; Annual Members — 1,862. The Museum, as in the past, is indebted to the many Members whose co-operation and support have helped to make possible the educational and cultural activities of this institution. An expression of appreciation for their support is given also to those Members who found it necessary to discontinue their memberships. It is hoped that whenever it is favorable for them to do so they will resume membership in the Museum. Gifts to the Museum Elmer J. Richards and Donald Richards, of Chicago, made additional gifts to the Museum of $8,000 and $5,000, respectively, for the purchase of specimens for the cryptogamic herbarium. William S. Street, of Seattle, Washington, added $3,000 to The Mr. and Mrs. William S. Street Expedition Fund. The estate of Mrs. Joan A. Chalmers added $1,333.34 to The Joan A. Chalmers Fund, and miscellaneous accretions also were received in other trust funds. 22 C. Suydam Cutting, New York, a Patron of the Museum, again gave $500. Peder A. Christensen, of San Francisco, made an additional gift of money. The Museum received $27,500 from Stanley Field, its President; $20,000 in 1946 and $16,000 in 1947 from Marshall Field, First Vice-President; $5,000 from the estate of the late Silas H. Strawn, Trustee; and $2,600 from Boardman Conover, Trustee. Other gifts of money were received from Mrs. Hermon Dunlap Smith, Associate, Division of Birds; Miss Lillian A. Ross, Associate Editor of Scientific Publications; and Clarence B. Randall, Trustee. Under an act of the legislature of the State of Illinois, the Chicago Park District turned over to the Museum $132,071.98 as its share of taxes levied to aid in the support of several museums. Donors who give or devise to the Museum between $1,000 and $100,000 in money or materials are elected by the Board of Trustees to a special membership classification designated as "Contributors" and their names are listed in perpetuity. Eight donors were added to the Museum's roll of Contributors. Contributors elected in recognition of gifts of money are the late Oscar E. Remmer, elected Fossils of Permian reptiles, Dicynodont (background) and Pareiasaurs (two sped' mens in foreground), are repaired by Orville L. Gilpin, Chief Preparator of Fossils (right) and Preparator Stanley Kuczek. The specimens are from the collection of fossil vertebrates that was presented to the Museum by the University of Chicago. 23 posthumously because of a legacy to the Museum of $21,935.87; Joseph Desloge, of St. Louis, Missouri, who contributed $2,000 for a Museum expedition to Peru; Dr. Maurice L. Richardson, of Edward Sparrow Hospital, Lansing, Michigan, whose gifts to The Maurice L. Richardson Paleontological Fund now total $1,750; and Albert H. Wetten, Trustee, who gave $5,000 to provide color plates for the publication of "Amphibians of West China" by Dr. Ch'eng- chao Liu, Research Associate. Contributors elected in recognition of gifts of materials to the collections of the Museum are Miss Florence Dibell Bartlett, of Chicago, Charles Albee Howe, of Homewood, Illinois, Professor Misael Acosta Solis, Director of the Ecuadorian Institute of Natural Sciences, of Quito, Ecuador, and Dr. Rainer Zangerl, the Museum's Curator of Fossil Reptiles. Mr. Howe gave a collection of color slides and photographs; Dr. Zangerl, geological and zoological speci- mens and a collection of microscope slides. A complete list of gifts of materials from individuals and from institutions in this country and other countries appears elsewhere in this Report. Some of the collections are described under the headings of the departments to which they have been given. The N. W. Harris Public School Extension Continuing its normal schedule of circulation for the full year, resumed in September, 1946, the Department of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension lent to each Chicago school registered on its circuit thirty-four portable Museum exhibits. This schedule provides that at all times during the year each school may have, for display and study, two such Museum exhibits, which are ex- changed every tenth school day. The number of Chicago schools on the Harris Extension circuit in 1947 passed the five-hundred mark for the first time. With this number of schools receiving service, maintenance of the eleven hundred cases now available for circulation is of great importance. Consequently, the main effort of the year has been to preserve and improve the present supply of exhibits. Not only must there be enough cases to lend two to each school but also there must be replacements for those damaged in circulation and those recalled for revision. In addition, a reserve of exhibits must be on hand in the Museum to fill special requests for loans. During the year repairs were made on 390 cases. Thirteen exhibits were revised, and one new exhibit was added. Thirty-three exhibits were damaged in circulation throughout the school year. 24 The rue anemone exhibit, one of the portable Museum cases that are circulated among Chicago schools by the N. W. Harris Public School Extension, has been revised for many more years of service. This exhibit was first set up in 1928. Revision of exhibits may be advisable for a multiplicity of reasons: to bring material up to date; to improve the habitat settings; to regroup material for clarification of teaching points; to renovate dingy or damaged installations; to alter backgrounds in order to enhance the attractiveness of the material on display. A new back- ground may consist of a flat coat of fresh paint better to accent an installation, but more often it is a carefully thought-out and executed painting of a habitat scene. Inasmuch as Harris Extension exhibits are, for the most part, of flora and fauna of the Chicago area, short local trips by staff members at various seasons of the year furnish necessary information and material for backgrounds and accessories. Several such trips were made during the year to collect plant accessories and to take kodachromes of natural settings. Staff artists accompanied the preparators on some of the trips in order to sketch and to make their own color notes for future backgrounds. Specialists in other 25 Museum departments co-operated with the Harris Extension on field trips and in Museum consultations. The services of John Conrad Hansen, Artist in the Department of Geology, were made available to the Harris Extension for part of the year. During the year there are always many requests by teachers for specific material. In some cases the needs of the teachers are met by lending appropriate Harris Extension portable exhibits. At other times material that can be handled and studied directly by students is indicated — insect collections, rock and mineral speci- mens, bird and mammal skins, or local Indian material. Twenty- three such requests for special loans were filled during the year. James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public School and Children's Lectures The James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation continued in 1947 its customary presentation of lectures, tours, stories, and motion-picture programs for groups of people in the Museum and in the schools. Additions to the staff brought the number of lec- turers to seven, the largest number in the history of Raymond Foundation. A summary of all activities of Raymond Foundation for the year, with attendance figures, follows: Activities within the Museum For children Groups Attendance Groups Attendance Tours in Museum halls 689 22,261 Radio follow-up programs 4 337 Lectures preceding tours 38 3,751 Special science series 8 771 Motion picture programs 24 22,129 Total 763 49,249 For adults Tours in Museum halls 362 5,847 Nature Course for camp counselors ... 4 271 Total 366 6,118 Extension Activities Private schools 8 320 Miscellaneous schools 1 150 Chicago public schools 151 52,150 Total 155 52,620 Total for Raymond Foundation Activities 1,284 107,987 26 A school group clusters around the polar-bear exhibit in Hall 16 while a Raymond Foundation lecturer tells how animals live among the ice floes in the far north. Six new extension lectures were offered to the schools during the year: "The Earth Blows Her Top The Story of Volcanoes"; "Read- ing the Earth's Diary"; "The Parade of the Insects"; "What the Glacier Meant to Chicago"; "Chicago Fossils"; and "Chicago's Green Mantle." Special morning programs were held in the Museum during May for children of the sixth, seventh, and eighth grades. Included in the talks were suggestions for summer nature hobbies. Members of the Raymond Foundation staff again conducted the classes in the nature-study course given for camp counselors by the Museum late in the spring. The course included in its four sessions information concerning the natural history of the Chicago region and suggestions for integrating nature work with camp activities. An illustrated introductory lecture in the Meeting Room now precedes the regular Friday guide-lecture tour of the exhibition halls, a new feature that was begun in September. For the first time since prewar years it has been possible for rural schools to charter trains and take educational trips. Three large groups, of approximately one thousand children each, from rural schools in Michigan and Wisconsin visited the Museum in the spring. Large groups from the National Congress of 4-H Clubs (285 boys and 567 girls) paid their annual visit in December. 27 iWWI Lecture Programs for Adults As in former years, spring and autumn series of illustrated lectures for adults were presented in the James Simpson Theatre on Saturday afternoons during March, April, October, and November. The lectures in these annual series are nontechnical and are usually given by men prominent in exploration and research. Total attendance in 1947 was 15,136 persons, of whom 8,796 attended the spring series and 6,340 the autumn series. The Layman Lecturer In 1947, after ten years, Paul G. Dallwig, our volunteer lecturer, brought to an end, at least for the time being, his series of Sunday lectures at the Museum. During his last season, Mr. Dallwig had inaugurated a series of Sunday morning lectures in addition to his Sunday afternoon series. It is interesting to note that the average morning attendance amounted to only sixty, while the average after- noon attendance was 110 persons. At the twenty-six lectures given in January, March, and April, a total of 2,211 persons was present. During the ten years of his exceptional volunteer lecture service for the Museum, Mr. Dallwig addressed a total of 33,127 persons. Plans for future lectures are being held in abeyance, since the demands of business affairs on Mr. Dallwig's time have temporarily crowded out of his schedule all possibility of Sunday lecturing. Museum authorities are indeed grateful for his service, and they look forward to the time when his Sunday lectures may be resumed. Attendance The total number of visitors at the Museum in 1947 was 1,183,308, which was 104,128 less than the attendance of 1946 and 102,630 more than that of 1945. Of the total number of visitors for the year, 1,045,628 were admitted without charge because they came on free admission days or belonged to classifications admitted free on all days — school children, students, teachers, members of the armed forces of the United Nations, and Members of this Museum. (For comparative attendance statistics and door receipts for 1946 and 1947, see page 91.) However, the influence of the Museum cannot be measured by the number of people who enter the Museum building. Hundreds of thousands of people are reached each year by the Museum through its publications, the extension lectures of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation, and the traveling exhibits of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension. 28 special Exhibits A special exhibit from the collection of Guatemalan textiles presented to the Museum by Miss Florence Dibell Bartlett was held in Stanley Field Hall during November and December. The exhibit combined flat display with a showing of complete costumes draped on stylized manikins that are part of the Bartlett Collection. Other special exhibits in the Museum during the year were the Second Chicago International Exhibition of Nature Photography, held under the auspices of the Museum and the Nature Camera Club of Chicago; a collection of bird photographs taken by the Reverend John W. Baechle, of St. Joseph's College, Collegeville, Indiana; and "Peiping," a series of photographs sponsored by Life magazine. Additions to the permanent exhibits of the Museum are described in this Report under the headings of the scientific departments. Co-operation with Other Institutions At all times the Museum embraces opportunities to co-operate with other educational and research institutions in accomplishing their common objectives. As in past years, the extensive research collec- tions of the Museum and its laboratory facilities were made available to scientists of other institutions, and staff members of many other museums were trained in museum work by members of our staff. Through the interlibrary loan system the Library of the Museum continued to make available to other institutions the resources of our outstanding collection of scientific writings. The Museum con- tinued its co-operative educational arrangements with the Uni- versity of Chicago, Northwestern University, Antioch College, and the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. For many years the School of the Art Institute of Chicago has sent students, both adult and junior classes, to the Museum to study and to sketch in the exhibition halls. They come throughout the year, on Saturdays and on weekdays. Saturdays are always particularly busy, for then most of the junior classes meet. The junior classes also use the Museum consistently in the summer session, when certain classes meet at the Museum five days a week. Many Museum visitors have been impressed with the earnestness of these students as they work quietly in the halls with only occa- sional supervision by their instructors. The results of this type of classwork are amazing. Striking and original designs, paintings, drawings, and ceramic objects are often produced from ideas gained at the Museum. Definite figures on the number of art students using the Museum cannot be given because many students, especially 29 OTSPrrrrvi the members of the adult classes, come again and again on their own initiative and time. However, it is estimated that between three hundred and five hundred adult-class students and approxi- mately twenty-five hundred junior-class students made use of the Museum exhibits in 1947. The co-operative relationship established between this Museum and Antioch College, of Yellow Springs, Ohio, in 1946, whereby members of the student body of Antioch College are temporarily employed by the Museum for certain periods during the year was continued successfully during 1947. This plan was undertaken in co-operation with the educational program of Antioch College, which provides that students alternate periods of study on the college campus with periods of work, for pay, in business or industry to gain practical experience. The plan brought to the Museum during the year, in successive groups, a total of sixteen young men and women who were variously employed in the scientific departments, the Library, and the administrative offices. The course in muscology given in co-operation with the Depart- ment of Anthropology of the University of Chicago was continued, classes being held at the Museum for two entire days each week throughout the school year. Classes in physical anthropology of the University of Chicago held several meetings at the Museum, and Dr. Alexander Spoehr, Curator of Oceanic Ethnology, conducted a course in anthropology at the University of Chicago. During the year, Dr. Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator of Anthropology, Donald Collier, Curator of South American Ethnology and Archaeology, and George I. Quimby, Curator of Exhibits in Anthropology, gave lectures in their several fields at the University of Chicago. In September, Chief Curator Martin lectured on the Mogollon problem before a graduate seminar in anthropology at the University of Arizona, Tucson. Various classes in botany of the University of Chicago, North- western University, School of Pharmacy of the University of Illinois, and Indiana State Teachers College and units of the U. S. Fifth Army visited the Department of Botany on several occasions for study and lectures. Dr. Theodor Just, Chief Curator of Botany, and Dr. Francis Drouet, Curator of Cryptogamic Botany, both research associates in botany at Northwestern University, supervised studies of students of botany sent to the Museum by Northwestern University. Dr. Just and Dr. Hugh C. Cutler, Curator of Economic Botany, spoke before seminars at Northwestern University and at Iowa State College, Ames, respectively. 30 Guatemalan Indian costumes, part of the col- lection of Guatemalan textiles presented to the Museum by Miss Florence Dibell Bartlett, of Chicago, were displayed on carved mahog- any manikins in a special exhibit in Stanley Field Hall during November and December. The two shown are women's costumes from Quezaltenango and Almalonga, Guatemala. 31 As in former years, advanced courses in vertebrate paleontology offered by the University of Chicago were conducted in the Museum by Dr. Everett C. Olson, Associate Professor of \'ertebrate Paleon- tology, Department of Geology, University of Chicago, and Research Associate in Fossil Vertebrates at the Museum. Dr. Rainer Zangerl, Curator of Fossil Reptiles, and Bryan Patterson, Curator of Fossil Mammals, who are faculty lecturers in geology at the University of Chicago, participated in the instruction. As his contribution to a discussion of current research, Robert Kriss Wyant, Assistant Curator of Economic Geology, gave a lecture in the Department of Geology at the University of Chicago on the chert bodies of southwestern Illinois and the commercial tripoli deposits located there. Dr. Olson and Curator Patterson took part in seminars at Northwestern University. The zoology halls and laboratories of the Museum were drawn upon for regular class use by the University of Chicago, as in pre- vious years. The Division of Vertebrate Anatomy assisted with lectures and demonstrations in furtherance of the Museum's active co-operation with the University of Chicago in vertebrate paleon- tology and, in addition, arranged an intensive laboratory course on the anatomy of the vertebrate head. This course was offered by the Museum in the spring and, since dissection as well as class- room work was involved, the facilities and laboratory of the Division of Anatomy were made available. A class in mammalogy from the University of Wisconsin visited the Museum in December and was conducted through the collection ranges on the third floor. Karl P. Schmidt, Chief Curator of Zoology, continued as lecturer in the Department of Zoology at the University of Chicago. He also con- ducted a seminar session at Northwestern University and, in March, lectured at Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio. Carl W. Hintz, Librarian, taught one part of a course in the Graduate Library School of the University of Chicago during the winter quarter. Continued use was made of the research collections and laboratory facilities of the Museum by scientists from other institutions. Dr. Robert F. Gray, of the University of Chicago, and Dr. Knut Kolsrud, of Oslo University, Norway, jointly studied the morphology and measurements of the skulls of Ambrym in the collections of the Department of Anthropology, Dr. Gray studied the teeth and diets of African and Melanesian Negroes in preparation for field work in the Pacific islands, and Dr. R. C. Thometz, of Loyola University, was concerned with special problems in the eruption and growth 32 of human teeth. Dr. Maxwell S. Doty, of Northwestern Uni- versity, identified numerous marine algae in the collections of the Department of Botany and continued his work on a monograph of the Clavariaceae, and Dr. Frances Wjmne Hillier, of the University of Chicago, continued her research on the Amblystegiaceae. Begin- ning in September, Dr. E. L. Du Bruh, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry of the University of Illinois, spent one afternoon a week in the dissecting room of the Division of Vertebrate Anatomy studying the mandibular articulation of rodents. In January, and again in June, Dr. C. 0. Bechtol, of Oakland, Cali- fornia, worked for several days on problems connected with ortho- pedic studies being conducted in San Francisco. Henry Wickers, of the Colorado Museum of Natural History, Denver, spent two weeks at the Museum studying museum techniques in the prepara- tion and storage of specimens. A number of students, enrolled in the University of Chicago and Northwestern University, carried on special studies in the Museum under the supervision of members of the scientific staff. Miss Ruth Marzano, University of Chicago Museum Fellow, studied the physical anthropology of American Indians as revealed by skeletal remains in the Museum collections. Kenneth Webster, graduate student in anthropology at the University of Chicago, during the year completed a statistical inquiry into racial elements in skulls of the Philippine Islands, which was accepted as his master's thesis; Miss Grace E. Scharf, graduate student in botany at Northwestern University, continued her study of the Microsporaceae; and Roy H. Reinhart, graduate student in geology at the University of Chicago, prepared a paper on Pliocene .sea cows from material in the Museum's collections. Robert F. Inger, Walter L. Necker, and William J. Beecher, of the University of Chicago, continued studies at the Museum in the Department of Zoology. Three students from foreign countries worked in the Museum's laboratories during the year to prepare themselves for museum work: Ram Singh, of the Natural History Museum at Georgetown, British Guiana, Moawad Mohsen, of the Cairo Museum, Egypt, and Celestino Kalinowski, of Cuzco, Peru. The proximity of Roosevelt College to the Museum has occasioned the frequent use of Museum exhibits by students of that institution, particularly by those in the physical sciences, for whom a special register of attendance is kept by the Museum. In co-operation with the University of Chicago's program of studying the distribution of elements in the solar system, the Depart- 33 Students from the Art Institute of Chicago sketch in the Museum's exhibition halls. ment of Geology gave several specimens of meteorites to the uni- versity's Institute of Nuclear Studies. Past analyses of meteorites have furnished us the knowledge of the abundance of the elements in their composition, but the radioactive tracer methods and mass spectometric determinations employed at the Institute will yield information on the cosmic distribution of the isotopes as well. In the light of the recent discoveries of the fissionability of the heaviest atoms, studies on the meteorite samples and others may also furnish important information on the genesis of the elements themselves. The Department of Geology also gave to the university some speci- mens of shells from well-studied beds in the Tertiary for analysis ■ of the isotopes of carbon and oxygen in their limy structure, as part of a study that is hoped to reveal both the actual calendar age (in 3^ears) and the temperature of the water in which they lived. The study of the temperature of ancient seas is of great scientific interest as a means of matching marine faunas with contemporary land faunas that lived during known advances and retreats of the ice during the last Ice Age. During 1947, the entire phanerogamic herbarium of North- western University was transferred to the Museum. This collection, consisting of some fifteen thousand specimens, contains valuable material from India and Europe as well as historically important 34 specimens collected in the Chicago area and throughout the United States. The main collection contained in it is the Henry Babcock Herbarium. The entire cryptogamic herbarium of Northwestern University was incorporated into the Herbarium of the Museum in 1946. The magnificent gift to the Museum from the University of Chicago of its collection of fossil vertebrates is described on page 62. Personnel After long and meritorious service, Dr. B. E. Dahlgren, a member of the Department of Botany since 1909 and its head since 1924, retired on January 1, 1947. Dr. Dahlgren has continued his associa- tion with the Museum as Curator Emeritus of Botany. Dr. Theodor Just, Associate Curator of Botany, was elected Chief Curator to succeed Dr. Dahlgren. Llewelyn Williams, Curator of Wood Tech- nology, who returned to the Museum early in the year after an extended leave of absence in Mexico and the West Indies, resigned on December 31 to accept a position in research with a commercial organization. Dr. Harry K. Phinney, Assistant Curator of Crypto- gamic Botany, resigned in July to accept an assistant professorship in botany at Oregon State College, Corvallis. Dr. Hugh C. Cutler, formerly a staff member of the Botanical Museum of Harvard University, was appointed Curator of Economic Botany, and Dr. Jos^ Cuatrecasas, former professor of botany and director of the Botanical Garden of Madrid, Spain, was appointed Curator of Colombian Botany. Emil Sella, Chief Preparator, was made Curator of Exhibits, and J. S. Daston, Assistant in Economic Collections, was transferred to Assistant in Botany. Frank Boryca and Samuel H. Grove, Jr., were appointed Assistants in Plant Reproduction, and Harold Hinshaw was appointed Assistant in the Herbarium. Dr. Sharat K. Roy, Acting Chief Curator of the Department of Geology, was elected Chief Curator, effective on January 1, 1947, and Harry E. Changnon, Assistant in Geology since 1938, was made Assistant Curator of Geology. In September, Robert Kriss Wyant, geologist and production chemist, began his duties at the Museum as Assistant Curator of Economic Geology. Orville L. Gilpin, Preparator, was appointed Chief Preparator of Fossils to take the place of James H. Quinn, resigned. Dr. and Mrs. R. H. Whitfield, who have been working in Paleobotany as volunteers for the past two years, were appointed Associates in Paleobotany, and George Langford, a volunteer in Paleobotany for the past year, was appointed Assistant in Paleobotany. Mi.ss Joanne Neher was appointed De- 35 partmental Secretary, to fill the vacancy caused by the retirement of Miss Frances Foley. Dr. Austin L. Rand, formerly of the National ]\Iuseum of Canada, was appointed Curator of Birds, Department of Zoology, to replace Rudyerd Boulton, who became Research Associate in the Division of Birds upon his resignation in 1946. Emmet R. Blake, Assistant Curator of Birds, was made Associate Curator of Birds. Philip Hershkovitz, recent holder of the Walter Rathbone Bacon Traveling Scholarship of the Smithsonian Institution, joined the staff in March as Assistant Curator of Mammals. Loren P. Woods, who was promoted from Assistant Curator of Fishes to Curator of Fishes, continued on leave of absence at the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C. During the absence of Curator Woods, John W. Winn, as Assistant and then as Assistant Curator, has been in charge of the Division of Fishes. Upon his return from the Philip- pines Zoological Expedition, 1946 47, Harry Hoogstraal was ap- pointed Assistant Curator of Insects. Miss Margaret Bradbury was Left: A school group meets its guide-lecturer at the main (north) entrance of Museum. Right: An elementary school class is having a pre-tour dis' cussion on Indian baskets and pottery. Raymond Founda- tion guides are demonstrating with color slides and objects. 36 appointed Artist in the Department of Zoology, to take the place of Mrs. Peggy Collings Brown, resigned. Kenneth Woehlck was added to the taxidermy staff in October for the active program of exhibition in the Division of Birds. Dr. C. Martin Wilbur, Curator of Chinese Archaeology and Ethnology in the Department of Anthropology, resigned in May to accept a position on the faculty of Columbia University, New York. Dr. Wilbur, who became a staff member in 1936, had been on leave of absence since April, 1943. William J. Beecher, Preparator, resigned from the staff of the Department of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension. Two new members were appointed to the lecture staff of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation, Miss Harriet Smith and Miss Jane Ann Sharpe, and one member. Miss Roberta Caldwell, resigned. Mrs. Meta P. Howell, formerly of the library of the Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago, was appointed Assistant Librarian, and Miss Dawn Davey and Miss Ruth Debus were assigned to the Library as assistants. Mrs. Helen A. MacMinn, Assistant to the Associate Editor of Scientific Publications, was 37 appointed Associate Editor of Miscellaneous Publications. William A. Bender joined the Museum staff in February as Assistant Auditor. James R. Shouba, Assistant to the General Superintendent since 1939, was made Superintendent of Maintenance. Two Research Associates were appointed. Research appoint- ments, based upon scientific achievement, are honorary. Dr. Ernst Antevs, distinguished glacial geologist and climatologist, was ap- pointed Research Associate in Glacial Geology, Department of Geology. Dr. Antevs has rendered invaluable assistance to our anthropological expeditions in the Southwest. In recognition of his outstanding work on amphibians and reptiles of China and of his long- continued association with this Museum, Dr. Ch'eng-chao Liu, Professor of Zoology at West China Union University, Chengtu, China, was appointed Research Associate in the Division of Reptiles, Department of Zoology. After forty-eight years of service, C. H. Carpenter, Chief of the Division of Photography, retired from the staff on December 31. E. S. Abbey, Captain of the Guard, who came to the Museum as a guard in 1905 and served as head of the guard organization since 1924, also retired from the service of the Museum on December 31. Anthony T. Mazur, sheetmetal worker, employed by the Museum since 1926, retired at the end of the year because of poor health. The Museum expresses its appreciation to these three faithful em- ployees for their long years of service and extends to them its sincere best wishes in their retirement. It is with regret that I record the death on January 8, 1947, of Frank Franciskovich, a Museum pensioner, who was a member of the maintenance personnel for many years before his retirement. Volunteer Workers Grateful acknowledgment of invaluable services is made by the Museum to the many faithful volunteer workers who, without com- pensation, have contributed time and effort in the interests of the Museum and of science. Names of some of these volunteer workers are included in the List of Staff at the beginning of this Report, where they are distinguished from salaried workers by the titles "Research Associate," "Associate," and, in one case, "Layman Lecturer." Others, not in that list, are: Department of Anthropology — Miss Catherine Hinckle and Dr. Knut Kolsrud; Department of Botany — John Dreeland, Dr. George D. Fuller, Dr. Herbert Habeeb, Dr. Frances Wynne Hillier, Mrs. Mary Just, Harold B. Louderback, 38 Mrs. Catherine M. Richards, Donald Richards, and Dr. Joseph Rubinstein; and Department of Zoology — Professor Bernard Green- berg, Miss Judith Gregory, Mrs. Dorothy S. Helmer, Paul Hum- phreys, William Kellogg, Vernon Lynn, Miss Constance Peck, Miss Mary Weaver, and Wade Whitman. Professor Misael Acosta Solis, Director of the Ecuadorian Institute of Natural Sciences, Quito, Ecuador, one of the foremost scientists of Ecuador, spent two periods at the Museum during the year writing labels for the collec- tion of Ecuadorian plants that he gave to the Museum. Expeditions Eleven expeditions and four field trips were sent out by the Museum in 1947. Work in the field is described under the departmental headings in this Report. Expeditions and field trips of 1947 were as follows: Department of Anthropology — Ethnological Expedition to Micronesia — Dr. Alexander Spoehr, Curator of Oceanic Ethnology, in charge; Southwest Archaeological Expedition — Dr. Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator, in charge. Department of Botany: Botanical Expedition to Cuba — Dr. B. E. Dahlgren, Curator Emeritus, in charge; Botanical Expedition to Nicaragua, Honduras, and El Salvador, 19I(.6-U7 — Paul C. Standley, Curator of the Herbarium, in charge. Department of Geology: Colorado Paleontological Expedition — Bryan Patterson, Curator of Fossil Mammals, in charge; Eastern States Geological Expedition — Dr. Sharat K. Roy, Chief Curator, in charge; Field Trip to Alabama — William D. Turnbull, Preparator, in charge; Field Trip to the Washakie Basin in Wyoming — Dr. Rainer Zangerl, Curator of Fossil Reptiles, in charge. Department of Zoology: Bermuda Zoological Expedition — Dr. Fritz Haas, Curator of Lower Invertebrates, in charge; Palau Entomological Expedition — Henry S. Dybas, Assistant Curator of Insects, in charge; Philippines Zoological Expedition, 194-6-4.7 — Harry Hoogstraal, Assistant Curator of Insects, in charge; The Mr. and Mrs. William S. Street Zoological Expedition to Alaska — Mr. and Mrs. Street in charge, assisted by C. J. Albrecht; Trinidad Zoo- logical Expedition — Frank C. Wonder, Taxidermist, in charge; Arkansas Zoological Field Trip — Colin C. Sanborn, Curator of Mammals, in charge; New Mexico Zoological Field Trip — Clifford H. Pope, Curator of Amphibians and Reptiles, in charge. 39 Department of Anthropology The Department of Anthropology deals with many phases of human life — all races of mankind in all ages, prehistoric and modern — and with the cultures that man has evolved over many hundreds of thousands of years. In order to make the subject of anthropology more intelligible to the public and hence to bring anthropology as a scientific discipline into closer relation with the main streams of modern life, the Department has continued its program of research and experimentation in exhibition techniques — many museums over the world are benefitting by and are using the techniques developed by this Museum. The final stages in the rearrangements of the large storage collections of the Department, undertaken to make the collections accessible to students and to the public, will be com- pleted in a year or so. Work has been proceeding for several years on an all-inclusive subject index to the collections. Research and Expeditions From April to September, archaeological investigations were con- ducted in western New Mexico under the leadership of Dr. Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator. The work of the Southwest Archaeological Expedition, 1947, was carried on in the Apache National Forest in a valley between the San Francisco and Saliz mountains that has been named "Pine Lawn Valley." Excavations in the Forest were continued this season under a permit issued to Chicago Natural History Museum by the Forest Service, Department of Agriculture. The 1947 investigations had two phases: an extensive archaeo- logical survey and intensive digging at several sites. The purposes of the survey were two-fold: (1) to hunt for non-pottery sites that would yield information concerning early man in America and the ancestral relationships of the Mogollon culture in Pine Lawn Valley and (2) to search for pottery sites in order to establish a complete typological sequence. The survey was carried on for seven weeks by Dr. John B. Rinaldo, Assistant in Archaeology, who covered more than a hundred square miles and discovered more than a hundred sites. E. B. Sayles, of the Arizona State Museum, Tucson, Arizona, joined Dr. Rinaldo for ten days and directed the search for non-pottery sites. The second phase of the investigations, intensive excavation at several sites, was supervised by George I. Quimby, Curator of Exhibits in the Department of Anthropology. He was assisted by Dr. Rinaldo, 40 Dr. Ernst Antevs, Research Associate in Glacial Geology, and three students, Miss Mary Allee, W. T. Egan, and Leonard G. Johnson, and by five local laborers. During the course of the season eleven pit-houses and six surface rooms were excavated, mapped, and photographed. Stone tools from all horizons, bone tools, whole pots, potsherds, and three skeletons were recovered. Much sifting and weighing of evidence still needs to be done in our laboratories, and the total results of the expedition will be published later by the Museum Press. Certain aspects of the work, however, can now be reported. The work shows that the region under study has been occupied more or less continuously for about six thousand years. Pine Lawn Basin was first settled about six thousand years ago by Indians who had no knowledge of pottery or agriculture. We call these early settlers "Cochise." They were the ancestors of the Mogollon Indians. The particular objects found are assigned to a stage of culture called "Chiricahua." It is probable that the Cochise people wandered into the Pine Lawn Basin from southern Arizona in search of water, Archaeologists discover grinding stone at ancient camp site in New Mexico deserted by Cochise Indians six thousand years ago, Southwest Archaeological Expedition, 1947. Left to right: Dr. Ernst Antevs, Research Associate in Glacial Geology; Dr. John B. Rinaldo, Assistant in Archaeology; and E. B. Sayles, of Arizona State Museum. 41 because the Southwest was undergoing a severe drought about six thousand years ago. What was actually found in evidence of a Cochise settlement consists of stone tools buried along an ancient stream bed at a depth ranging from three to six feet. Apparently a spring furnished water for this stream, a spring that is still flowing today. No houses or firepits were found. This is the farthest north and at the greatest altitude (about 7,000 feet) that Cochise materials have ever been discovered in New Mexico. The next point of time in this long period of continuing occupa- tion in the Pine Lawn Basin occurs about A.D. 500, when a Mogollon culture flourished that we call the "Pine Lawn." Briefly, the Pine Lawn people lived on high mesas in crude, shallow pit-houses, used stone tools much like those of the Cochise people, made pottery, and practiced agriculture — the last two are important because they are accretions or borrowings from a more advanced group that may have lived in adjacent Mexico. Then about the year A.D. 900 another civilization developed in the area and this is called "Three Circle." The Three Circle people also lived in pit-houses, but their tools of stone were somewhat better than those of the Pine Lawn Period and their pottery was superior in that it was handsomely decorated. A little later (about A.D. 1000) a different group of Indians came into the Pine Lawn Basin. It seems likely that they came from north of our area, from near what is now Gallup, New Mexico. We call their culture the "Reserve" culture and it differed in some respects from the others listed above. Stone-walled surface houses containing eight to ten rooms were erected. These contrasted sharply with the pit-houses of former times. The pottery and tools of stone were likewise different from those of preceding periods. Thus, during the summer we discovered that the Pine Lawn Basin has been occupied more or less continuously for about six thousand years. Our work has briefly illuminated four new scenes in this long span of time. Our future work will be directed toward gaining more knowledge of the history of the area. The results of the survey show that there are other civilizations remaining to be studied. We desire to fill in as many gaps as possible so that students will have at their disposal finally a series of studies that will touch upon every major time-period for Pine Lawn Basin. John W. Moyer, staff cinematographer, spent two weeks at Dr. Martin's camp in New Mexico making a documentary film in color of all stages of the excavations. The scenes that he took were combined with some laboratory "shots" taken in the Museum to 42 This miniature model of an underground ceremonial chamber (kiva) about A.D. 1200, by Dioramist Alfred Lee Rowell, is part of the new exhibit in Hall B on the history of Pueblo Indian life in tlie southwestern United States as revealed by archaeology. produce a color motion picture titled "Archaeologists in Action." This film was shown to the public in the James Simpson Theatre of the Museum in November by Dr. Martin, who lectured on the sumimer's work as the scenes unrolled. During the year Dr. Wilfrid D. Hambly, Curator of African Ethnology, has worked on a "Bibliography of African Anthropology" comprising several thousand titles that cover a wide range of eth- nology, archaeology, and physical anthropology for the decade 1937-47. Dr. Hambly's Source Book for African Anthropology (Museum Press, 2 vols., 1937) has long been out of print. The Source Book has proved popular with students and teachers, and the bibliography now under compilation will serve to bring it up to date. In February the Museum Press issued Dr. Hambly's work. Cranial Capacities, A Study in Methods. This research makes a detailed comparison of skulls of all races, including 429 Melanesian skulls in the Museum collection. Research has progressed in craniometry, and a large monograph, "Deformed Skulls of Malekula," has made substantial progress. Thirty photographs of Melanesian and Polynesian skulls have been made for illustrating future publications describing the valuable collections of crania in the Department of Anthropology. 43 During the year Donald Collier, Curator of South American Ethnology and Archaeology, carried out research on the ancient Mexicans and the Mayas, in connection with two exhibits prepared for the Hall of New World Archaeology (Hall B), and on Guatemalan weaving, in order to prepare the special exhibition of the Bartlett Collection of Guatemalan textiles. Completion of his report on his excavations in Peru in 1946 was prevented by a delay in receiving his collection from Peru, which is expected to reach the Museum early in 1948. In the absence of the collection, the classification of the material, a good part of which was carried out in the field, could not be finished. However, certain tentative conclusions were reached as a result of the tabulation and statistical manipulation of the sherd classification and counts- run in the field on the twenty- five thousand pot sherds recovered from the stratigraphic excava- tions. One of these conclusions is that there was a continuous evolution without break in the forms and character of domestic pottery, as distinguished from ceremonial grave wares, over a period of fifteen hundred years in the Viru Valley, from the earliest pottery horizon until the Inca conquest of the valley. This suggests a stable population and greater historical continuity than was heretofore suspected. A second conclusion is that Inca rule affected very little the everyday lives and habits of the inhabitants of the Viru Valley. The archaeological evidence here confirms what we know historically of the Inca methods of conquest and rule and also the traditional date for the Inca conquest of this part of the Peruvian coast. During the first four months of the year Dr. Rinaldo collaborated with Dr. Martin in writing the introductory sections of the report on the third season's work at the SU site in western New Mexico, published by the Museum Press in June. He also prepared a chart showing percentages of pottery types and other illustrations for this report. From time to time he assisted in the planning and prepara- tion of exhibits for the Hall of New World Archaeology (Hall B), In connection with the completion of one of these exhibits, "High- lights of Prehistoric Pueblo Life," Dr. Rinaldo wrote an article for the Museum Bulletin on this subject. He also continued research on and cataloguing of the extensive Herzfeld collection of Persian antiquities. After his return from the field in the fall he prepared a detailed report of the 1947 archaeological survey and the artifacts recovered from the oldest known site, the Wet Leggett site, which was occupied by Indians before they acquired the use of pottery. In addition, he prepared charts showing the development of pottery types in the Pine Lawn Valley area of western New Mexico. 44 The Ethnological Expedition to Micronesia, 1947, conducted a study of the social, political, and economic structure of the principal village on Majuro Atoll in the Marshall Islands. Left: native thatch house; right: Marshallese man making fish trap. N Dr. Alexander Spoehr, Curator of Oceanic Ethnology, left in March for ethnological field work in Micronesia. The Museum has a long-standing interest in the study of the peoples of the Pacific area. In past years, the Museum has sent ethnological expeditions to the great island areas of Malaysia and Melanesia. The Ethno- logical Expedition to Micronesia, 1947, marked the resumption of field work by the Museum among the Pacific islanders and is the first that the Museum has conducted in the Micronesian area. The expedition to Micronesia was also an example of successful co-operation among a number of major institutions working on a large program of scientific research. Dr. Spoehr's field work was conducted in the Marshall Islands and formed part of a more in- clusive project for the study of the Micronesian peoples as a whole. This larger program has been designated the Co-ordinated Investiga- tion of Micronesian Anthropology. The co-ordinating agency has been the Pacific Science Board of the National Research Council, with the active co-operation and support of the Navy Department. The Museum and other major scientific institutions have carried on the actual field work in this program, which was initiated in order to meet the pressing need for accurate data regarding the peoples of Micronesia. The information obtained relates both to theoretical problems in the anthropology of Micronesia as well as to immediate practical problems of American administration in the area. 45 Dr. Spoehr's work in the Marshall Islands was concentrated at one atoll, Majiiro. The plan of the work called for the selection of a single type community and its subsequent careful examination in order to ascertain the present social, political, and economic structure of such a community. The Marshallese village on Majuro was chosen for study, and Dr. Spoehr lived in the village for three and one-half months. During this period, he collected data concern- ing family and household organization; kinship, lineage, and clan groups; the class structure; the economic and political system; the relation to village life of introduced institutions such as church, dispensary, and school; and associated aspects of native culture. The Marshallese are a partly acculturated people who have combined their native culture with borrowings from the western nations and from Japan. The data obtained at Majuro bear directly on problems of culture contact and change, on the ethnological relations of the Marshalls to other Pacific island groups, and on the comparative study of native peoples. In July, Dr. Spoehr left Majuro for a brief visit to Guam and then returned directly to the continental United States. During the remainder of the year, he devoted himself to writing up the results of the field research for publication. The Museum Press, in January, published Dr. Spoehr's Changing Kinship Systems, a study of culture change among Indians of the southeastern United States. This example of Indian hand weaving, a woman's blouse from San Juan Sacatepequez, Guatemala, is from the Florence Dibell Bartlett Collection of Guatemalan textiles. ¥¥^% ^^%% w .If* «JS iJ^ ,^it#*'l»*** ^ ^ ^ iff ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^;^ 46 From June to September Curator Quimby supervised excavations for the Museum's Southwest Archaeological Expedition. In addition to research for the purpose of preparation of exhibits for the Hall of New World Archaeology (Hall B), he continued research on the archaeology of the Aleutian Islands and on the ethnology of the Northwest Coast during the period from 1775 to 1800. Curator Quimby tentatively concluded that the long cultural continuum in the Aleutian Islands can be divided into three recognizable periods. Accessions — Anthropology During the year the Museum was fortunate to receive two superb collections of Guatemalan Indian textiles, containing 126 and 36 specimens, respectively, from Miss Florence Dibell Bartlett and Mrs. Alice H. Gregory, both of Chicago. The Museum now possesses one of the finest collections of Guatemalan weaving in the United States, containing approximately 250 specimens from thirty different Indian villages. This wide range of provenance is important, since the costumes of each village are distinctive. Exhibits — Anthropology Six new exhibits were completed in the Department of Anthropology, under the direction of Curator of Exhibits Quimby, with the assist- ance of Artist Gustaf Dalstrom, Dioramist Alfred Lee Rowell, Ceramic Restorer John Pletinckx, and other members of the Depart- ment. The new exhibits, on display in the Hall of Archaeology of the New World (Hall B), are as follows: "Southern Hunters" (about A.D. 500-900); "Some Highlights of Pueblo Life" (about a.d. 500- 1700); "Temple and Market in Ancient Mexican Life" (a.d. 700- 1500); "Maya Artists and Architects" (A.D. 300-1400); "Folsom Indians" (five to ten thousand years ago); and "Cochise Indians" (13,000-500 B.C.). Of special interest in the exhibit "Temple and Market in Ancient Mexican Life" is a painted reconstruction of a market scene, executed by Artist Dalstrom. The scene is based on Aztec drawings in the Codex Florentino. The four photo-murals that flank the map in the exhibit "Maya Artists and Architects" were made from negatives lent by the Carnegie Institution, Washington, D.C. The photo- graphs show actual Maya buildings and reconstructions of Maya cities. Dioramist Rowell continued work on the Maya diorama, which will be finished and placed in Hall B in 1948. It represents a portion of the ancient city of Chichen Itza, Yucatan. 47 Department of Botany Plants and plant life may be studied in various ways, either in the field, the garden, or the laboratory, the plants as such or their useful products, or their remarkable properties and functions. Prerequisite is always a thorough knowledge of the plants themselves, gained through extensive and intensive collecting in their native habitats or under cultivation and expressed in careful descriptions and ac- curate drawings. Special opportunities are offered by the rich floras of the tropical regions of the world that are still imperfectly known. Constantly, new expeditions are sent to these and other interesting areas for the purpose of collecting plants and plant products to be added to the Museum's study collections or used as models for new exhibits. As a result, the Department's collections rank among the finest in the world, particularly those of the plants of the tropical areas of the western hemisphere, while its exhibits are exemplary in the development and use of techniques employed and in the un- paralleled range of objects displayed. Research and Expeditions In November, 1946, Paul C. Standley, Curator of the Herbarium, left Chicago on a botanical expedition to middle Central America, from which he returned early in September, 1947. The object of the expedition was to obtain herbarium material from El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua, the three Central American countries that have not been covered by published floras and cannot be until their vegetation has been investigated more thoroughly. Headquarters for the expedition's work were provided at the Escuela Agricola Panamericana near Tegucigalpa, Honduras, through the generous co-operation of Dr. Wilson Popenoe, director of the school, and Dr. Louis 0. Williams, in charge of the botanical work of the institution. The region to be explored is a vast one, three times as large as Illinois, so that only scattered localities of small area can be covered in a single season. Two months were spent in the smallest of the countries. El Salvador, where somewhat intensive collections were made in three selected and separated areas. In Honduras, most time was spent in the pine-oak forest region, especially about the Escuela Agricola at El Zamorano, and around Siguatepeque in the mountains of the Department of Comayagua. Extensive collections were gathered in the Valley of Comayagua, an arid region with a great abundance 48 Curator of the Herbarium Paul C. Standley works on the collection of phanerogams. of cacti and other plants characteristic of the semi-deserts of Central America. Later considerable work was done in the rain forest and other formations of the northern coast of Honduras. The most interesting collections gathered by this expedition are those from Nicaragua, a country whose flora has been generally neglected during the past eighty or more years. Headquarters for the Nicaraguan work were supplied most generously by the Brothers of the Christian Schools in the Instituto Pedagogico de Varones of Managua, through Brother Antonio Garnier, leading botanist of Nicaragua. Collections of plants were made in the Sierra de Managua; in the vicinity of La Libertad in the Department of Chontales, near the place that Thomas Belt wrote his classic work, The Naturalist in Nicaragua; about Juigalpa, capital of Chontales; in the valley of Jinotega in the area called Las Segovias, one of the most delightful and beautiful localities of all Central America; and finally around Chichigalpa in the Department of Chinandega, in the Pacific lowlands, and at the port of Corinto. The work about Chichigalpa, where the climate at best is unpleasantly hot, was less profitable because of a continental shower of "ashes" (really black 49 Left: The Curator Emeritus of Botany, Dr. B. E. Dahlgren, examines at close range one of the smaller savanna palms of Cuba. Right: A seven-foot length of this Cuban barrel palm, collected by Dr. Dahlgren, is now on exhibit in Case 29 of Hall 25. sand) from the recently erupted volcano of Cerro Negro and an invasion by clouds of locusts. The expedition was quite successful in that both phanerogamic and cryptogamic plants in large quantities were obtained from areas not represented before in the Museum's Herbarium. It is believed that the collections include a substantial number of plants previously unknown to science. Dr. Theodor Just, Chief Curator, continued his revision for publication of the manuscript on the Cycadaceae by the late Pro- fessor Charles J. Chamberlain, Research Associate in the Depart- ment of Botany, and Professor A. W. Haupt, of the University of California at Los Angeles. Dr. Just also carried on studies of the genera Chenopodium and Gnetum. Dr. B. E. Dahlgren, Curator Emeritus, continued throughout the year his extensive studies of American palms. He spent a large part of the year in Cuba collecting palms and economic plants for the special palm collection and for exhibit purposes. In his field work he enjoyed the advantage of the company and collaboration of the distinguished Cuban botanist, Brother Leon, of Colegio de La Salle. Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, by Dr. Dahlgren, an 50 account of the more important tropical and subtropical fruits of the Old and New World, was issued in the Popular Series by the Museum Press. Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, Assistant Curator of the Herbarium, continued determination and study of his collections from Ecuador and Venezuela as well as of those made in Venezuela by Llewelyn Williams, Curator of Wood Technology. Dr. Steyermark's collec- tions from the high, isolated peaks of Venezuela have yielded a large number of new species in the groups thus far studied, and it is expected that the remaining families will provide equally profitable study material. Dr. Steyermark also devoted much time to de- termination of collections, sent to the Museum for naming and report, from Ecuador and Mexico as well as from the United States. In October the Museum Press published Part VII of Studies of Central American Plants, a comprehensive series by Curator Standley and Assistant Curator Steyermark. J. Francis Macbride, Curator of Peruvian Botany, carried on studies of the flora of Peru at various herbaria in California. Dr. Jos^ Cuatrecasas, recently appointed to the staff as Curator of Colombian Botany, spent the time after his arrival at the Museum on organization, identification, and monographic studies of his extensive collections from Colombia. Dr. Earl E. Sherff, Research Associate in Systematic Botany, continued his studies in preparation of a monograph on the genus Dahlia and various small genera for publication in North American Flora. During the year the Museum The Escuela Agri'cola Panamerfcana, near Tegucigalpa, Honduras, was headquarters for the Botanical Expedition to El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua, 1946-47. 51 Quinoa is flailed in the Bolivian Andes, near Lake Titicaca. The Museum has a col- lection of herbarium specimens of the little-known useful plants of South America. Press published two studies by Dr. Sherff, Further Studies in the Genus Dodonaea and A Preliminary Study of Hawaiian Species of the Genus Rauvolfia, Additions to the Genera Scalesia and Hidalgoa. Dr. Francis Drouet, Curator of Cryptogamic Botany, devoted his time during the year to preparing and fihng the considerable numbers of cryptogams on hand and to naming the several thousand specimens of algae received for identification. Until he resigned at the end of July, Dr. Harry K. Phinney, Assistant Curator, pursued further his interests in organization of the mycological collections, identification of algae, and monographic studies of the Cladophor- aceae. Dr. L. H. Tiffany, Research Associate, continued his studies of the algae of Illinois. Dr. Herbert Habeeb and Donald Richards, volunteer workers, determined large numbers of North American mosses and hepatics and assisted in many of the mechanical details of caring for the cryptogamic herbarium. Llewelyn Williams, Curator of Wood Technology, continued study and preparation of reports on the large collections of woods assembled by him in recent years while on Museum expeditions to the Orinoco basin and other parts of Venezuela. Index cards were written for these and the collections made by him in eastern Peru in 1929 30. Considerable time was spent in assembling photographs 52 and drawings for the revised edition of the handbook, North American Trees, soon to be published by the Museum Press. Dr. Hugh C. Cutler, Curator of Economic Botany, who became a member of the staff in June, continued at the Museum his studies of useful plants, especially corn and squashes and their wild relatives. He was occupied also with determinations of South American plants and, as part of the project in palm genetics, he began cytological studies of the genus Copernicia. In addition, he made a survey of the exhibits of economic plants in order to plan exhibits to show the newest developments in economic botany as well as types of useful plants. During the year the Department sent more than nineteen thousand photographic prints and accompanying labels from its large collection of negatives of type and historical specimens of American plants in European herbaria to other institutions and to botanists for study purposes and insertion in their herbaria. Accessions — Botany Most important of the additions to the phanerogamic herbarium during the year were the collections made in Central America by Curator Standley; a collection of eight thousand specimens from Ecuador, presented by Professor Misael Acosta Solis; an extensive collection of about thirty thousand specimens, mostly of flowering plants, from Colombia, presented by Dr. Cuatrecasas; and a collec- tion of more than two thousand Texan plants, presented by the University of Texas. More than thirty thousand cryptogams were received during 1947, in addition to those obtained by Museum expeditions. Of these, 23,924 were purchased with funds provided by Elmer J. Richards and Donald Richards, 1,588 came as exchanges from other herbaria and individuals, and the remainder were gifts. Invaluable assistance in the enormous task of handling these speci- mens was given by John Dreeland, Mrs. Mary Just, Harold B. Louderback, Mrs. Catherine M. Richards, Donald Richards, and Dr. Joseph Rubinstein, volunteer workers. The largest and most valuable addition to the study collections of woods was a collection of about 970 specimens assembled by Dr. Cuatrecasas during the period from 1944 to 1946 in the Department of El Valle, particularly in the Pacific coast region of Colombia. The samples, ranging in size up to large wheel sections, have an added value in that they are accompanied by herbarium specimens now deposited in the Department of Botany. 53 Exhibits — Botany During most of the year efforts were concentrated on adding several reproductions to the synoptic exhibits of flowering plants in Martin A. and Carrie Ryerson Hall (Hall 29, Plant Life). Among other installations, representatives of two families heretofore not exhibited were added. One is a showy Echeveria, a Mexican member of the stonecrop family. The other, a reproduction of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus) in flower accompanied by a supplementary model of the lower stem and roots showing fully developed tubers, belongs to the sunflower family (Compositae). The latter exhibit was assembled by Artist-Preparator Milton Copulos. A new mural showing "Espeletias in the High Andes, Colombia" was painted by Staff Artist Arthur G. Rueckert and mounted in Hall 29. Curator of Exhibits Emil Sella completed a reproduction of a branch of Medinilla, a colorful shrub native in the Philippines that belongs to the melastome family. Notable progress was made in the reconstruction of a full-sized plant of a fossil cycadophyte The hydraulic press in the Plant Reproduction Laboratory is being used by Curator of Exhibits Emil Sella (right) and Assistant Frank Boryca to cast plastic parts. 54 t i \ These are stages in reconstruction of ''flowers" for a full-size model of a fossil plant being prepared in the Plant Reproduction Laboratory. This "flower," which grew about one hundred million years ago, is approximately eight inches in diameter. (Cycadeoidea) to be added to the synoptic exhibits of the Gym- nosperms. Work on this plant reproduction has long been on the program of the Laboratory but depended on certain developments in museum technique, only recently attained. This project is being carried on by Curator Sella with the aid of Frank Boryca and Samuel H. Grove, Jr., Assistants in Plant Reproduction. In the Hall of Foreign Woods (Hall 27) four boards of Guiana woods — Surinam and Demerara greenheart, bulletwood, and box- wood— and in Case 488 a polished trunk section of Mozambique ebony were installed. All of these specimens were donated by C. H. Pearson and Son Hardwood Company, Inc., of New York City. To the display of East Indian woods in Case 436 was added a board of Macassar ebony, furnished several years ago by Ichabod T. Williams and Son, New York City. For Charles F. Millspaugh Hall (Hall 26, North American Trees) twenty-six new labels were prepared by Curator Williams and installed with the exhibits of North American woods. The trunk of a typical barrel palm iCoc- cothrinax sp.), collected in Cuba by Dr. Dahlgren, has been placed on exhibit in Case 29, Hall of Food Plants (Hall 25). 55 Department of Geology The advancement of those phases of the earth sciences that fall within the broad scope of a natural history museum — minerology, petrology, meteoritics, physical geology, economic geology, and paleontology — is the objective of the Department of Geology. Since the Museum is both a research and an educational institution, advancement of these subjects follows naturally from pursuit of such traditional museum activities as field work, research, systematically arranged study collections, and exhibitions that are both stimulating and informative. Great strides toward its objective were made by the Department during 1947. New members were added to the staff, new exhibition plans were approved, provisions for compara- tive studies in universities and other museums were made, and the number of expeditions working in the field was increased. Research and Expeditions Dr. Sharat K. Roy, Chief Curator, and Harry E. Changnon, As- sistant Curator of Geology, spent seven weeks late in the summer in the Adirondacks and neighboring regions. After reconnoitering together for two weeks they separated, Mr. Changnon limiting himself to collecting physical geology specimens while Dr. Roy collected igneous rocks and studied the Adirondack anorthosite area and certain ultra-basic rocks. The specimens collected were restricted to selected types — only those that were needed for exhibits under preparation and those that bore special features. Since 1932, the Department's Division of Fossil Vertebrates, under the leadership of Bryan Patterson, Curator of Fossil Mammals, has been carrying on a program of collecting and research in pre- viously unworked late Paleocene and early Eocene deposits in west- central Colorado. A total of six expeditions has been sent to this region, and the results have been impressive, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The sixth expedition, and the first since the war, spent three months during the summer of 1947 in this region. Curator Patterson, as before, was in charge of the expedition. He was assisted by James H. Quinn, Chief Preparator, William D. Turnbull, Preparator, and Richard I. Bisbee, an amateur photog- rapher who volunteered his services. Previous collecting areas were again gone over in the hope that erosion might have brought new material to light, and much new territory that had not previously been prospected was carefully 56 This model of the earth's interior, one of the exhibits on the structure of the eartli, shows four distinct layers of rock of different composition and density. examined. The bulldozing activities of geophysical prospecting parties working west of the town of De Beque had temporarily made available a large area of Paleocene deposits that had previously been very difficult of access. Full advantage was taken of this opportunity, and work was also done in new territory north and east of the town of Rifle. Some fossil material was collected, but the results were disappointing compared with previous years. The old collecting grounds yielded almost nothing, indicating that the rate of erosion was slow, and the new areas proved to be very sparingly fossiliferous. The law of diminishing returns has obviously set in, and further field work in this region would hardly be justified. 57 I The collecting phase of this program is over, but much work remains to be done on the material obtained. To sum up the results briefly: a new late Paleocene fauna and a new area of occurrence of the magnificent early Eocene North American fauna have been made known, specimens discovered have profoundly modified previ- ous concepts of several groups of mammals, and much information on the geology of the region has been accumulated. Several preliminary reports on the large Paleocene hoofed mam- mals, pantodontes and uintatheres, have been published over the years since the program began. A study of the mammalian order Taenidonta, an outgrowth of the program that has been referred to in previous Reports, is essentially ready for the press, and a faunal on the Paleocene mammals is nearing completion. A detailed study of the late Paleocene Pantodonta, a faunal paper on the early Eocene mammals, and a report on the stratigraphy of the region will complete the research phase of the program. The study and exhibi- tion collections of the Department have, of course, been greatly enriched by the specimens collected, neither the Paleocene nor the early Eocene having been represented by material before the in- ception of the program. In addition to his work in Colorado, Curator Patterson carried on studies of fossil peccaries and musk- oxen in response to problems that arose in the course of general curatorial work. A month's field work conducted by Dr. Rainer Zangerl, Curator of Fossil Reptiles, in the Washakie Beds (Late Eocene) in south- This group of stibnite crystals . from Japan, shown ficre in | one-third natural size, may be seen in Hall 34. Stibnite is the chief ore of antimony. 58 Robert Kriss Wyant, Assistant Curator of Economic Geology, is determining quan* titatively the carbonate content of a rock in the departmental chemical laboratory. western Wyoming furnished considerable turtle material and led to the discovery of an extensive turtle and crocodile bone bed. During the latter part of the year, Dr. Zangerl was granted a three-month leave of absence to make a study trip to Switzerland, France, Italy, and Belgium and to visit the museums of these countries. He examined some of the more important collections and resumed con- nection with his European colleagues. A New Anosteirine Turtle from Manchuria and Redescription of Taphrosphys Olssoni, A Fossil Turtle from Peru, two monographs by Dr. Zangerl, were issued during the year by the Museum Press. He also completed Parts I and II of "Vertebrate Fauna of the Selma Formation of Alabama." Both of these are now in press. His work on Part III, of the same series, on marine turtles of the Family Toxochelyidae, is under way. An important treatise on the primitive reptilian family Diadec- tidae and on the classification of the Reptilia as a whole by Dr. Everett C. Olson, Research Associate in Fossil Vertebrates, was published in April by the Museum Press. In this significant con- tribution to the general subject, he has adduced much evidence in support of a two-fold major division of this class, the turtles and certain primitive extinct groups standing apart in sharp contrast. 59 Dr. Rainer Zangerl (left), Curator of Fossil Reptiles, and William D. Turnbull, Preparator, are taking an X-ray photograph of the skull of a saber-tooth tiger. Eugene S. Richardson, Jr., Curator of Fossil Invertebrates, con- tinued his work on the Ordovician Bryozoa that he collected from Centre County, Pennsylvania, before he joined the Department of Geology. He prepared a paper, for the Museum Press, on the geographic range of Parabolina andina (Hoek) with a brief discussion on the significance of the occurence of this form from the standpoint of paleogeography. The species in question is one of the trilobites collected by Dr. Roy in Newfoundland but it has long been known to occur in South America. Another collection made by Dr. Roy in Southampton Island during the war was also studied by Curator Richardson. Preliminary survey of the material leaves little doubt as to its affiliation with the much-discussed Ordovician faunas known from Greenland, Baffin Island, and various other places in Canada 60 and the United States. Late in the year, Curator Richardson col- lected a number of Pre-Cambrian stromatolites (algae-like speci- mens characterized by banded structure) in the vicinity of Felch, Michigan. His studies showed no life forms but he concluded that the stromatolites were of value in determining the original bedding planes. He also accompanied a party from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia to visit Cambrian localities in Wisconsin. Immediately after Robert Kriss Wyant was appointed Assistant Curator of Economic Geology, he made a complete inventory of the chemical laboratory. This was followed by the purchase of additional equipment, the assembly of chemical apparatus into working units, and the standardization of the numerous chemical reagents used in analytical studies. To check his own methods and as a prelude to making chemical analyses of a large number of undescribed iron and stone meteorites in the Department's collection, Assistant Curator Wyant made several check analyses of meteorites and rock samples that already had been analysed by his predecessors. He is now engaged in the formulation of standard analytical procedures by the partial and complete analyses of standard samples of nickel- steel, nickel-chromium iron, and other samples furnished by the U. S. Bureau of Standards. Present objectives in the chemical laboratory include the development of techniques and procedures for the complete chemical analyses of meteorites, silicate rocks, and ore specimens. Dr. and Mrs. R. H. Whitfield, Associates in Paleobotany, checked old identifications and compiled the cataloguing of the Lang- ford Collection of Pennsylvanian plants, a task that they began in 1946. They also contributed greatly to the systematization of the general paleobotanical collection in the new storeroom. George Langford, Assistant in Paleobotany, worked steadily on the prepara- tion of a manuscript on the Lower Pennsylvanian flora and fauna of Will County, Illinois. The material upon which the manuscript is based was collected by Mr. Langford himself and represents many years of laborious field work and unceasing interest. The paper will contain descriptions in nontechnical language of approximately four hundred specimens and varieties and a resum^ of widely scattered information on the coal flora. In May, Preparator Turnbull conducted a flve-week field trip in western Alabama. He was assisted by C. M. Barber, of Flint, Michigan. Several fossil turtles, mosasaurs, and whales and an almost perfectly preserved fish were collected. Nearly all the specimens are from the Selma Formation of late Cretaceous time, 61 although the whales and a few others were found in the Jackson Formation of the Eocene epoch. In the vertebrate paleontological laboratories, work has been continued on the Cretaceous dinosaurs. The skeleton of Parasauro- lophns from New Mexico has now been fully prepared by Preparator Stanley Kuczek. Preparation of the Texas collection made in 1946 is well advanced, and the material should be available for study in 1948. Progress has been made on material obtained in Colorado, Wyoming, and Alabama. Much rearrangement of the study collec- tions of fossil vertebrates has been carried out by Miss Priscilla Freudenheim, temporary assistant. Accessions — Geology The greatest event of the year for the Department and one of the greatest in its history was the donation to the Museum by the University of Chicago of the university's collection of fossil ver- tebrates. This magnificent gift brings to the Museum one of the outstanding collections of this kind in the world. It includes what the paleontologists believe to be the finest assemblage of North American Permian amphibians and reptiles in existence, an ex- cellent representation of the classic South African Permian and Triassic faunas, including many of the highly important mammal- like reptiles, a notable series of fossil fishes, chiefly Paleozoic, and a goodly number of North American Tertiary and Pleistocene mam- mals. The collection has been extensively studied by successive professors of vertebrate paleontology of the University of Chicago and by their students and is, as a result, particularly rich in type and figured specimens. Since the late Pennsylvanian and Permian Cacops, a large-headed amphibian about eighteen inches long, is one of the early Permian types represented in the magnificent collection of fossil vertebrates presented by the University of Chicago to the Museum in 1947. 62 witnessed the decline of amphibians and the rise of reptiles, it will readily be apparent that the specimens of these animals and the studies based upon them are of the utmost importance to our under- standing of vertebrate evolution. The fossil mammals donated by the university supplement and to some extent complement those already in the Museum. The remainder, and the greater bulk, of the university collection was previously unrepresented here, since the university has concentrated its field activities on the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic whereas the Museum has worked almost exclusively in the Cenozoic and later Mesozoic. Union of the two collections results in a well-rounded whole that will be to the advantage of all. The gift is a further step in the integration of effort of the two institutions in the field of paleontology. The advanced teaching in vertebrate paleontology, now carried on in the Museum, will be greatly facilitated by the merger. The general public will also benefit. The University of Chicago collection, although appreciated by specialists the world over, remained almost completely unknown to Chicagoans. Its treasures will now be more readily available to them. Exhibits — Geology In Hall 36 (Economic Geology) five exhibits were installed. Three of these are new and two are old, but the old exhibits are completely renovated, relabeled, and displayed in keeping with modern methods of installation. Of the three new exhibits two are introductory in nature, relating to metallic ores: "Distribution of Igneous Rocks and Ore Deposits," showing that there is a basic relation between igneous action and the origin of ore deposits, and "Ore Deposits of Igneous Origin," showing how different types of ores related to igneous action are formed. The third new exhibit, "Important Steel-Making Minerals," is displayed in a special table case. It shows the part that certain minerals play in the making of special alloy steels. Both of the two renovated exhibits, "Mining and Extraction of Gold" and "Evolution of Blast Furnace," are repre- sented by scale models with a painted background. In Hall 34 (Minerals, Crystals, and Meteorites) the exhibit of fluorescent minerals was also renovated and reinstalled in a new type of case with addition of new specimens. A new system of fluorescent lighting has been employed — the result of experimenta- tions with various types of mercury tubes by Chief Engineer William E. Lake. It has completely eliminated mechanical difficulties. 63 t Department of Zoology It is the basic function of the Department of Zoology to contribute to the description and classification of the Animal Kingdom. The extent to which this kind of zoology forms the foundation of every other development of the science, even in the most abstruse experi- mental fields, is not widely realized. The emphasis on the descrip- tive, observational, and comparative is the discernible common principle underlining the great diversity of research interests and activities of the Museum staff. It is the fundamentally descriptive aspect of zoology that is reflected in the Museum's conspectus of the Animal Kingdom in its exhibition halls, and it lies also at the root of the interpretive types of exhibition that represent a part of the modern trend of exhibition plans. Research and Expeditions It is often not realized that much remains to be done toward the accurate description of the animal life of the world. Dr. Wilfred H. Osgood, Curator Emeritus, was engaged upon his "Check-list of South American Mammals" at the time of his death in June. This important reference work is to be completed by Colin C. Sanborn, Curator, Division of Mammals, and Philip Hershkovitz, Assistant Curator, whose current research on mammals of Peru, Bolivia, and Colombia contributes essential clarification of the problems raised in the course of the larger work. Curator Sanborn has continued his special interest in bats and has prepared several papers on them. In the Division of Birds, Curator Austin L. Rand, who joined the staff in July, has had a large hold-over of manuscripts from his recent interest in Canadian and other northern mammals and birds. He has been engaged especially in the study of the Museum's birds of the Philippines, collected in 1946-47, and the collection from Mt. Cameroon, in Nigeria, made by Rudyerd Boulton, former Curator of Birds, now Research Associate. Boardman Conover, Research Associate, has continued his studies on game birds and has been occupied also with the concluding volumes of Birds of the Americas. Associate Curator Emmet R. Blake and Melvin A. Traylor, Jr., Associate, have been occupied mainly with studies on neotropical birds, with a number of papers published or in manuscript. Mrs. Ellen T. Smith, Associate, has continued her aid, taking an active share in the planning and preparation of seasonal exhibition panels for "Birds of the Chicago Region." 64 In the Division of Reptiles, Curator Clifford H. Pope read proof on the definitive report by Dr. Arnold A. Zimmermann and himself of growth of the rattlesnake rattle and interested himself in the growth rate of snakes, specifically of a specimen of python in cap- tivity. With Nelson G. Hairston, of Northwestern University, Curator Pope continued his studies on the salamanders of the Appalachian region, based on collections made in 1946. Robert F. Inger, graduate student at the University of Chicago, concluded a preliminary account of the amphibians of the Riukiu Islands, made much progi'ess in the identification and study of the collection of Philippine amphibians (frogs, toads, and caecilians), and a beginning, in association with Chief Curator Karl P. Schmidt, on a new edition of the Check-list of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. An important research project of the year was the preparation of a large manuscript on the "Amphibians of West China" by Research Associate Ch'eng-chao Liu, of West China Union University, Chengtu, China. Dr. Liu, as guest of the State Department's Division of Cultural Relations, found the Museum's Division of Reptiles and our library facilities most favorable for the study of the West China collections accumulated by him in the war years. Loren P. Woods, Curator of Fishes, continued his work at the United States National Museum on the fishes of the Central Pacific and especially on the Bikini Island material collected, in advance of the test atomic bomb explosions, under the auspices of the U. S. Navy. Mrs. Marion Grey, Associate, completed her list of type specimens of fishes in the Museum's collections and continued her studies in distribution and bibliography of deep-sea fishes. The major research program of the Division of Vertebrate Anatomy continued to center around the morphology and inter- relationships of the Carnivora. Work on the giant panda monograph A lifc'size model of a 350- pound Galapagos turtle is a recent addition in Hall 18. 65 Dr. Austin L. Rand, Curator of Birds, continues his researches on the classifica- tion of birds. Such studies form a characteristic activity of museum zoologists. was carried forward both in written manuscript and in the inking and labehng of the numerous illustrations. Miss H. Elizabeth Story, Assistant, completed a study of the arteries of the head in the raccoon-like carnivores. A study of the pectoral musculature in carnivores, by D. D wight Davis, Curator, was nearly complete by the end of the year. The pectoral muscles of twenty-one forms have been dissected, described, and drawn. Curator Davis made a study of a unique series of fruit bat bacula, a part of a collection assembled by military personnel in the Pacific area during the war. Dr. R. M. Strong, Research Associate, completed the "Finding Index" for his Bibliography of Birds and continued work on his manuscripts on the anatomy of birds and on the salamander Necturus. Dr. Walter Segall, of Chicago, completed a study of the auditory ossicles of the 66 great apes early in the year. In March, William J. Beecher began an investigation of adaptive radiation in the feeding mechanism of certain passerine birds that has disclosed suggestive differences and parallel developments between closely related forms. The Division of Insects was greatly engrossed with curatorial duties, but salvaged research time for the publications on beetles of the family Cleridae, for Assistant Curator Rupert L. Wenzel's studies on the Histeridae, and the continuation of an important Divisional interest in the ectoparasitic insects of vertebrates. Re- search Associates Charles H. Seevers and Alex K. Wyatt continued their helpful work on staphylinid beetles and Lepidoptera. Eugene Ray, temporary assistant, in addition to effective curatorial aid, made much progress in his studies on the beetle family Mordellidae. In the Division of Lower Invertebrates Dr. Fritz Haas, Curator, prepared a continuation of his miscellaneous Malacological Notes as a by-product of curatorial duties. He engaged late in the year on the stud}^ of two major collections of the South American fresh- water shells, respectively from Lake Titicaca and the Amazon Basin. Further details of the research accomplishments of the Depart- ment for the year are reflected in the list of Museum publications (page 83) and in the list of papers published by members of the staff in other journals (page 78). The most noteworthy expedition to conclude its work in 1947 was the Philippines Zoological Expedition, 1946-47, under the leader- ship of Harry Hoogstraal, now Assistant Curator, Division of Insects. Mr. Hoogstraal and Floyd G. Werner, of Ottawa, Illinois, returned in August, 1947, having been preceded by Lieutenant Donald Heyneman in December, 1946. This expedition engaged in general collecting of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, insects, and various other types of invertebrates, with especial attention to the ectoparasites of mammals and birds and to certain groups of insects in fields in which specialists are available at the Museum. The expedition was made in co-operation with the new Philippine National Museum and was thus able to employ members of the Philippine Bureau of Science, whose laboratories and collections were totally destroyed during the war. The party collected abundant material of some of the peculiar Philippine mammals hitherto regarded as extremely rare, among which the Philippine ground shrew {Podo- gymnura), a tarsier (Tarsius), and a flying lemur (Galeopithecus, sive Cynocephalus) are of notable anatomical and evolutionary interest. The total vertebrate collections amount to 7,348 specimens. The insects and invertebrates number many thousands of specimens and 67 I The Philippine tarsier, formerly regarded as extremely rare, was found in great abundance by the Museum's zoological expedition of 1946-47. The anatomy of this little goggle-eyed lemur-like creature throws light on the ancestry of man. will require some years before they can be roughly identified, acces- sioned, and distributed to specialists for study. Reports on the vertebrate groups are actively in progress and will disclose numerous additions to our knowledge of the Philippine fauna. The Trinidad Zoological Expedition, organized primarily in the interest of the late Dr. Osgood's needs for the "Check-list of South American Mammals," was conducted by Staff Taxidermist Frank C. Wonder, who was in the field for four months. He was hospitably aided, while in Trinidad, by Dr. E. M. Chenery and by the officials of the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture. Mr. Wonder col- lected 986 zoological specimens, among which a distinct new species of bat is especially noteworthy. The difficulties encountered by him in collecting terrestrial mammals appear to reflect the progressive extermination of the native fauna by the introduced mongoose. The Philippines and Trinidad expeditions illustrate the type of Museum field exploration directed mainly toward research interests and toward additions to the collections for study. The type of expedition specifically in the interest of the exhibition program is 68 illustrated by The Mr. and Mrs. William S. Street Zoological Ex- pedition to Alaska to secure specimens of the Alaskan brown bear for exhibition in Richard T. Crane, Jr., Hall (Hall 16, American Mammals). The expedition secured a female and two cubs, but failed in its effort to obtain the large male desired to complete the proposed new habitat group. In continuation of a progi'am of faunal studies on the vertebrates of Peru, the Museum has maintained a field collector, Jos^ M. Schunke. He has worked at Contamina, on the Ucayali River, and in the Divisoria, the watershed between the Ucayali and the Huallaga rivers. The Bermuda Zoological Expedition was primarily in the interest of exhibition in the Hall of Marine Invertebrates (Hall M). Curator Haas, accompanied by Joseph B. Krstolich, Artist, spent the months of August and September in the Bermudas, where they found the Biological Station for Research, on St. George's Island, most favor- able for Mr. Krstolich's detailed study of coloration and translucence of marine animals. Dr. Dugald E. S. Brown, Director of the Station, was extremely helpful to Dr. Haas's scientific interests and to Mr. Krstolich's collecting. This association in the 1947 season has resulted in plans for further co-operation between the Bermuda Research Station and the Museum. Henry S. Dybas, Assistant Curator, Division of Insects, left in October for the western Pacific to take part in another co-operative project — that of the study of the land life of Palau Islands under the auspices of the Pacific Science Board of the National Research Council. Within the United States, Chief Curator Schmidt, accompanied by John M. Schmidt, of Plainfield, Illinois, and Research Associate Liu, spent three weeks in April collecting small mammals and reptiles in western and central Texas. John W. Winn, Assistant Curator, Division of Fishes, and Mrs. Winn twice visited the Mammoth Cave region to accumulate a regional collection to accompany specimens of the especially interesting cave invertebrates and fishes. Curator Sanborn initiated a program of field studies of mammals in Arkansas intended as an accessory interest, to be carried on in successive years. Curator Pope spent the months of July and August in the Southwest, with headquarters at the field station of the Museum's Department of Anthropology at Pine Lawn, New Mexico. Curator Pope was joined by C. M. Bogert of the American Museum of Natural History and, in turn, joined Mr. Bogert for a brief trip into Mexico. New Mexico offers a most notable area of biological interest in the nearly juxtaposed White Sands and black 6^ lava areas, where effects of environment on animal coloration are especially conspicuous. Local field work was engaged in by the Division of Fishes (1,500 specimens) and the Division of Birds (165 specimens). The bird collections made were in the interest of the project for revolving seasonal panels of local birds intended to aid and to stimulate the interest in birds in the Chicago region. Accessions — Zoology Among the more noteworthy gifts were 308 specimens of insects from Japan, presented by Major Howard T. Wright, and 3,753 insects and related forms from the United States and the Pacific Islands, presented by Assistant Curator Henry S. Dybas. Gifts from the Chicago Zoological Society, the John G. Shedd Aquarium, and the Lincoln Park Zoo continued to add valued material, especially for the skeleton collection and for anatomical study. By far the most important additions to the various divisional collections in 1947 were the accessions from the Philippines Zoo- logical Expedition. In the Division of Insects much of this material remains to be sorted and roughly identified before accessioning can be completed. A notable purchase added the F. W. Nunnenmacher Collection of nearly 40,000 beetles to the collections of the Division of Insects. The specimens, largely identified and chiefly from areas in North America poorly represented in the Museum, form an especially valuable addition to the reference collections in most active use. A significant collection of 347 Mexican birds was pur- chased from the veteran collector, Wilmot W. Brown. Exhibits — Zoology A pampas deer was remounted by Staff Taxidermist Julius Friesser for the systematic series in George M. Pullman Hall (Hall 13, Horned and Hoofed Mammals). The last of the habitat group spaces in the Hall of Marine Mammals (Hall N), for which a group of sea otters is in preparation, was provided with a background, by Staff Artist Arthur G. Rueckert, that shows some of the unusual habits of this remarkable marine mammal. Staff Taxidermist Frank C. Wonder completed the artificial rock work on which are to be the intertidal seaweed beds for the mounted sea otters. In the Division of Birds, Curator Rand made a comprehensive plan for biological exhibits for the alcove spaces in Hall 21 (Birds in Systematic Arrangement). The central panel, "Birds of a Chicago 70 Garden," is nearing completion. This is for the proposed exhibit of birds of the Chicago region, with changing seasonal panels for the spring and fall migrants. In the Division of Reptiles much material for which labels are ready is awaiting cases. The long-planned special alcove for the local amphibians and reptiles is nearing completion by means of models and accessories made by Staff Taxidermist Leon L. Walters and Ronald J. Lambert, Assistant Taxidermist. A cellulose acetate model of a 350-pound Galapagos land turtle was placed on exhibition in September in Albert W. Harris Hall (Hall 18, Reptiles, Am- phibians, and Insects). In the systematic exhibits of Fishes, Staff Taxidermist L. L. Pray continued a program of replacement of old models having cracked skins or fins by new models made with newer techniques of painting and fin modeling. One of the most important new directions of Museum exhibition, based on enlarged models of insects and insect- relatives, made much progress during the year in solving basic technical problems that have developed in the use of plastic materials for models. Numerous visiting entomologists have expressed great interest in the malaria-cycle models already completed by James E. Trott, Artist-Preparator, for the Division of Insects. This region was searched by the Philippines Zoological Expedition of 1946-47. 71 The Library The newly created Advisory Committee on the Library, composed of the Librarian, the four Chief Curators, and members of their departments chosen by the Chief Curators, has met three times during the year. The initial meeting, in January, was devoted to a discussion of classification schemes. The Farmington Plan for the co-operative acquisition of foreign research publications was considered in May. The meeting in June was concerned with some of the problems incident to the change to the Library of Congress Classification Scheme and recataloguing the Library's collections. The discussion and the opinions expressed in these meetings have been helpful in formulating policies for the Library. After continued study of the problem of cataloguing, it was decided to make a major change in this Library's system. As a result, beginning July 1, all incoming new materials have been pro- cessed according to the Library of Congress Classification Scheme, using Library of Congress cards and following Library of Congress practice whenever possible. An appropriation has been made for the recataloguing of material acquired before July 1. At the same time, it was decided that the catalogue should be in two parts: an author-title section and a subject section. During the year, 5,629 volumes were added to the collection, as compared with 3,299 for the preceding report period. Of this number, 1,829 were secured by purchase and the remainder by gift and exchange. Two hundred and eleven volumes were withdrawn. On December 31, 1947, the number of accessioned items in the Museum Library stood at 127,691, a net gain of 5,418 for the year. This number does not include 85 maps added since October 1, when a separate accession record for maps was instituted. As a participant in the Army Map Service Depository Program, the Library received an additional 7,130 maps during the year. It is impossible in this type of library to keep an accurate record of the amount of use made of books by members of the staff. Print, however, is one of the foundation stones of research and every expedi- tion and every publication by staff members is testimony to the value of the Library. Through the Interlibrary Loan System, we borrowed thirty-six items for the use of staff members; we lent eighty-six items to other institutions. The number of volumes used by visitors during the year was 1,829. Serials continue to form the bulk and the backbone of our acquisitions. During the year, 13,449 pieces were received. Op- 71 portimities for the purchase of desirable material have been particu- larly great during the period under review, as many items that have been almost unobtainable for years have appeared on the market. Our problem, then, has been what not to buy rather than what to buy. Purchases have run heavily to serial publications, of which the following selective list is illustrative: Annales de Cryptogamie Exotique, V. 1-8 (1928-1935) Ajinales de Protistologie, V. 1-5 (1928-1936) Avicultnral Magazine (1928-1946) Berwickshire Naturalists Club. History and Proceedings, V. 1-29 (1834-1937) Bulletin of Entomological Research, V. 1-37 (1910-1946) Entomological Magazine, V. 1-5 (1832-1838) Entomologist (1866-1945) Entomologists Record (1890-1920) Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, V. 1-44 (1877-1914) Forestry Abstracts, V. 1-7 (1939-1946) Institut Oceanographique, Monaco. Bulletin, Nos. 1-900 (lacks six nos.) Journal of Forestry (completed set) Journal of Wild Life Management, V. 1-11 (1937-1947) Musee Heude, Shanghai. Publications (complete set) New Phyfologist, V. 14-45 Phytopathology, V. 9-35 (1919-1945) Plant Breeding Abstracts, V. 1-17 (1930-1947) Ray Society. Publications Revue Francaise d'Entomologie, V. 1-13 (1934-1946) Royal Entomological Society, London. Proceedings, V. 1-10 (1926-1936) — . Proceedings, Series A, V. 11-21 . Proceedings, Series B, V. 1-15 (1932-1946) — . Transactions (1877-1945) Royal Society of London. Philosophical Transactions (1852-1886) . Philosophical Transactions, Series B, V. 178-209 (1887-1920) Societe Entomologique de Belgique. Annales, V. 1-80 (1857-1940) South London Entomological and Natural History Society. Proceedings (1884-1943; lacks 1920/21, 1933/34) Studia Botanica Cechoslovaca, V. 1-7 (1938-1946) Relief for the overcrowded condition of the General Library has failed to materialize because of non-delivery of shelving ordered late in 1946. The shelving is to be installed in the space previously occupied by the Division of Printing (Room 72) and will provide space for approximately 18,000 volumes, or three to four years' additions at our present rate of growth. The problem of providing for an ever-increasing book collection is also of concern to the four scientific departments, as the departmental libraries are rapidly reaching the saturation point. A small room has been constructed in Room 72 for rare books. The map cases, formerly in the room immediately outside the Librarian's office, have been moved into Room 72. By relocating some stack ranges and the John Crerar Library catalogue, suitable work space for processing was made. 73 Activities of Staff Members in Scientific Societies The active participation of members of the Museum staff in the learned societies of their various fields is encouraged by the Museum. Such participation by staff members is of great value because through it the influence of the Museum is widened, its contributions to science are made more generally known, and, as a result, scientific research is advanced. It is also essential that scientists working in various institutions on similar or related problems should have opportunities to become personally acquainted. Dr. Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator of Anthropology, Donald Collier, Curator of South American Ethnology and Archaeology, and George I. Quimby, Curator of Exhibits in Anthropology, attended the annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology in May at Ann Arbor, Michigan. Curator Collier presented a paper on the Indians of South America, and Curator Quimby took part in a symposium. In July, Curator Collier participated in a conference entitled "A Reappraisal of Peruvian Prehistory," held in New York under the joint auspices of the Institute of Andean Research and the Viking Fund. His paper, "Peruvian Stylistic Influences in Ecuador," was one of eleven presented. They will be issued early in 1948 as a Memoir of the Society for American Archaeology. Dr. Wilfrid D. Hambly, Curator of African Ethnology, took part in the meeting of the African Anthropology Committee of the National Research Council at Northwestern University in March. Dr. Alexander Spoehr, Curator of Oceanic Ethnology, attended the annual meetings of Section H of the American Association for the Advancement of Science held in Chicago in December and served as chairman of the session on linguistics and culture. In December, Chief Curator Martin and Curator Collier attended the annual meetings of the American Anthropological Association and the Society for American Archaeology at Albuquerque, New Mexico. Dr. Martin presented a paper on the results of the Museum's South- west Archaeological Expedition of 1947, and Curator Collier partici- pated in round-table discussions on problems pertaining to Peruvian and Mexican archaeology. This was the first time that these meet- ings had ever been held west of the Mississippi River, and because of the location many members from western United States and from Latin-American countries attended. At the Chicago meetings in December of the American Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science, Dr. Hugh C. Cutler, Curator of Economic Botany, Dr. Jos^ Cuatrecasas, Curator of Colombian 74 Botany, and Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, Assistant Curator of the Herbarium, presented papers before the Systematic Section of the Botanical Society of America. Dr. Cutler discussed "Species Rela- tions in Cucurbita" and Dr. Cuatrecasas spoke on "Life-forms of the Plant Associations in the High Andes of Colombia." Dr. Steyermark's subject was "Speciation in the Venezuelan Guayana." Dr. Earl E. Sherff, Research Associate in Systematic Botany, organized the symposium on botanical nomenclature and presented the introductory paper. Dr. Theodor Just, Chief Curator of Botany, presented two papers, one on "Paleobotanists and Nomenclature" as part of the symposium on botanical nomenclature and the other on "Gymnosperms and the Origin of Angiosperms" as part of a symposium on the evolution and classification of gymnosperms. Dr. Just, who was secretary of the Paleobotanical Section and chairman of its committee on paleobotanical nomenclature, was elected chair- man for the coming year. Dr. Sherff served as chairman of the Systematic Section and Dr. Francis Drouet, Curator of Cryptogamic Botany, as secretary of the same section. Dr. Steyermark pre- sented a paper on "The Flora of Guatemala" before the Ecological Society of America, whose meetings were also held in connection with those of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In November, Llewelyn Williams, Curator of Wood Technology, attended meetings in Chicago of the newly founded Forest Products Research Society, and Dr. Cutler took part in a conference in St. Louis on the structure of corn plants. Dr. Rainer Zangerl, Curator of Fossil Reptiles, attended the annual meeting of the Swiss Society of Paleontologists at Geneva, Switzerland, in September, and presented a paper on Chelonia knorri from the Eocene shales of Glarus, Switzerland. In October, Harry E. Changnon, Assistant Curator of Geology, and Robert Kriss Wyant, Assistant Curator of Economic Geology, attended the Tri-State Geological Field Conference in Wisconsin, which was chiefly a reconnaissance of the geology of northeastern Wisconsin conducted by staff members of the University of Wisconsin. Dr. Sharat K. Roy, Chief Curator of Geology, attended meetings of the Geological Society of America held at Ottawa, Canada, in December, and Bryan Patterson, Curator of Fossil Mammals, and Dr. Zangerl attended the seventh annual meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, an affiliated society of the Geological Society of America, also at Ottawa. Curator Patterson continued as secretary- treasurer of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. Eugene S. Richardson, Jr., Curator of Fossil Invertebrates, presented, by title 75 only, a paper on "Paleontology and Nomenclature" at the annual meeting of the Northwest Scientific Association held in December at Spokane, Washington. Karl P. Schmidt, Chief Curator of Zoology, was made a member of the Pacific Science Board of the National Research Council, a group of American scientists concerned with various problems in the islands of the South Seas, and attended meetings of the Board in May and November. As delegate of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, he attended the annual meeting of the Division of Biology and Agriculture of the National Research Council in Washington, D.C., in April, and on the same occasion took part in the organization meeting of the American Institute of Biological Sciences. In August, Chief Curator Schmidt, John W. Winn, Assistant Curator of Fishes, and Loren P. Woods, Curator of Fishes (on leave of absence), attended the meetings of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists at Higgins Lake, Michigan. Chief Curator Schmidt, as the Society's representative to the National Research Council, made committee reports, and Curator Woods presented an account of the coral reef fishes of Bikini Atoll, on which he is working under the direction of Dr. L. P. Schultz at the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C. Philip Hershkovitz, Assistant Curator of Mammals, and Luis de la Torre, temporary assistant in the Division of Mammals, attended the meetings of the American Society of Mammalogists in August, also at Higgins Lake. During the meetings in Chicago in December of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Chief Curator Schmidt was host to a group of leading taxonomists at a round-table discussion of the problems of zoological nomenclature, the occasion being the presence of Francis Hemming, Secretary of the International Commission for Zoological Nomen- Speakers at the symposium on botanical nomenclature, sponsored by the Systematic Section of the Botanical Society of America and the American Society of Plant Taxonomists, held in the James Simpson Theatre of the Museum on December 29, 1947, in connection with the Chicago meetings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, were, left to right (seated), Charles A. Weatherby, Gray Herbarium of Harvard University; Liberty Hyde Bailey, Bailey Hortorium of Cornell University; Elmer Drew Merrill, Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University; (standing) Earl E. Sherff, Chicago Teachers College and Museum Research Associate; Carl Otto Rosendahl, University of Minnesota; Sidney Fay Blake, United States Bureau of Plant Industry; and Theodor Just, Chief Curator, Department of Botany. > 76 clatiire. Emmet R. Blake, Associate Curator of Birds, was elected a director of the Illinois Audubon Society and vice-president of the Chicago Ornithological Society. Carl W. Hintz, Librarian, continued to serve on the Board of Resources of American Libraries and on the Committee on Book Acquisitions of the American Library Association. He also partici- pated, by in-^-'tation, in a conference on recruiting sponsored by the Board of Education for Librarianship of the American Library Association, held in Chicago in November. The Director of this Museum attended the annual meeting of the American Association of Museums in the city of Quebec, Canada, in May. He addressed the science section on the subject "Live Ideas or Dead Storage." A number of the Museum's staff members served in editorial capacities on various scientific journals. Chief Curator Schmidt continued as member of the editorial staff of the American Midland Naturalist, herpetological editor of Copeia, and section editor of "Reptiles and Amphibians" for Biological Abstracts. During the first half of the year. Chief Curator Just continued his duties as editor of the American Midland Naturalist until he resigned from that post. He also edited Lloydia throughout the year and was appointed to the editorial board of Ecology, while carrying on his activities as assistant editor of Chronica Botanica. Dr. Sherff con- 77 tinued as member of the editorial board of Brittonia. Curator Collier was appointed contributing editor of El Palacio, monthly anthropo- logical journal of the School of American Research and the Museum of New Mexico. Curator Zangerl continued his duties as regional editor of the bulletin of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. Publications of staff members during 1947 other than those issued by the Museum included: DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY Collier, Donald Review of Wendell C. Bennett's Archeological Regions of Colombia: A Ceramic Stirvey and James A. Ford's Excavations in the Vicinity of Cali, Colombia, In American Anthropologist, vol. 49, no. 4, pt. 1, pp. 647-649 "South America: Archaeology," in Handbook of Latin American Studies: 191^!^, No. 10 (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1947), pp. 26-31 Hambly, Wilfrid D. Jamba, Pellegrini and Cudahy, Chicago, 1947, 246 pp. Review of Melville J. Herskovits's Backgrounds of African Art, in American Anthropologist, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 297-298 "Visual Aids to Teaching African Ethnology," Journal of Negro History, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 354-356 Martin, Paul S. "Man in New Mexico 1,400 Years Ago," Think, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 16-17 Martin, Paul S., George I. Quimby, and Donald Collier Indians before Columbus, Twenty Thousand Years of North American History Revealed by Archeology, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1947, xxiii+ 582 pp., 122 illustrations Quimby, George I. "Archaeology, Western Hemisphere," in 191^7 Britannica Book of the Year, A Record of. . .Events of 19^6 (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., Chicago [1947]), pp. 66-68 "Archaeology, Western Hemisphere," in Ten Eventful Years,_ A Record of Events of the Years . . . 1937 through 191t6 (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., Chicago [1947], 4 vols.), vol. 1, pp. 154-157 "The Prehistory of Kamchatka," Americayi Antiquity, vol. 12, no. 3, pt. 1, pp. 173-179 Spoehr, Alexander Review of Andrew J. Lind's Hawaii's Japanese, in Applied Anthropology, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 34-35 Review of Laura Thompson's Guam and Its People, in Applied Anthropology, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 27-28 DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY Cuatrecasas, Jose "Vistazo a la Vegetacion Natural del Bajo Calima," Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisico-Quimicas y Naturales, vol. 7, no. 27, pp. 306-312 78 Cutler, Hugh C. « "Chica: A Native South American Beer," Botanical Mia^einn Leaflets, Harvard University, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 33-60 [with Martin Cardenasj Mejoramiento del Ma'iz en los Valles de Bolivia, Universidad Autonoma "Simon BoHvar," Cochabamba, Bolivia [1947J, 32 pp. [with Martin Cardena.s| Just, Theodor "Geology and Plant Distribution," Ecological Monographs, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 127-137 Steyermark, Julian A. "Hermann C. Benke," Rhodora, vol. 49, no. 581, pp. 142-143 "E.xploracion Botanica a las Regiones Orientales de Venezuela," Bolet'in de la Sociedad Vcnezolana de Ciencias Naturales, vol. 10, no. 67, pp. 263-280 "Informe de la Mision de Cinchona en Venezuela," Boletin de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales, vol. 10, no. 65-66, pp. 163-189 [with H. Arthur Meyer] "A Native Oxalis as a Garden Plant," Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin, vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 207-208 "Notes on Drying Plants," Rhodora, vol. 49, no. 585, pp. 220-227 "Speciation in the Venezuelan Guyana," Abstract, American Journal of Botany, Supplement to vol. 34, no. 10, p. 29a Williams, Llewelyn "Forests of the Upper Orinoco," Tropical Woods, no. 91, pp. 17-38 DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY Blake, Emmet R. "A Note on the Barred Owl," Wilson Bulletin, vol. 59, p. Ill CONOVER, BOARDMAN "La Distribucion Geografica de las Subespecies de la Pava de Monte Penelope qranti," Boletin de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales, vol. 10, pp. 321-325 Hershkovitz, Philip "Mammals of Northern Colombia, Preliminary Report No. 1: Squirrels (Sciuridae)," Proceedings of the United States National Museum, vol. 97, pp. 1-46, 1 figure Rand, Austin L. "Clutch Size in Spruce Grouse and Theoretic Considerations of Some Factors Affecting Clutch Size," Canadian Field-Naturalist, vol. 61, pp. 127-130 "Notes on Some Greenland Birds," Auk, vol. 64, pp. 281-284 Sanborn, Colin C. "Bats from the Solomon Islands," Journal of Mammalogy, vol. 28, pp. 387- 391 [with William J. Beecher] "The History of the Type of Pachyotis temminckii panayensis Sody," Journal of Mammalogy, vol. 28, pp. 67-68 "The Tuco-tucos of Peru (Genus Ctenomys)," Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, vol. 60, pp. 135-138 [with Oliver P. Pearson] Schmidt, Karl P. "A New Fringe-footed Sand Lizard from Coahuila, Mexico," American Museum Novitates, no. 1339, pp. 1-9, 4 figures 79 Photography and Illustration The Division of Photography continued to produce negatives, prints, enlargements, transparencies, and lantern slides to fill the needs of the Museum, including exchanges with other institutions, releases to the press, and miscellaneous sales. Total production for the Division in 1947 was 22,287 items, a slight increase over the total number of items in 1946. There are now more than 104,000 negatives in the files. Arthur G. Rueckert, Staff Artist, completed a large mural for the Department of Botany and a painted background for the sea- otter group that is in preparation by the Department of Zoology. Both exhibits are described elsewhere in this Report. Miss Norma Lockwood, Staff Illustrator, furnished drawings, maps, lettering, and general art work as required throughout the year by the departments and divisions of the Museum. Motion Pictures The first work of the new Division of Motion Pictures after its establishment in 1946 was the salvaging of all 35mm motion picture film, both in negative and positive form, that remained in the Museum's Film Library. This undertaking has been brought to completion and all film is now in 16mm, printed on new stock. The salvaged film is being edited into complete productions that will be valuable aids to the Museum's visual-education projects. The processes of salvaging, checking, reprinting, editing, and accessioning have been applied to 1,242,250 feet of film. This figure not only represents the footage now in the film vault but also includes a total of forty-seven complete motion pictures. The Division produced, from script to screening, the Museum's first color motion picture, "Archaeologists in Action." As a member of the Museum's Archaeological Expedition of 1947 to the Southwest, John W. Moyer, Chief of the Division of Motion Pictures, spent four weeks in the field photographing expedition material to augment footage taken for this film during the previous year. The film was shown in November as one of the series of Saturday afternoon programs sponsored by the Museum. Currently in production is a film, temporarily titled "Museum Activities," that has been planned especially for audiences interested in the Museum's policies, general educational programs, and scientific resources. The picture sequences are to constitute a behind-the-scenes tour of the Museum, showing each department and division engaged in characteristic work, and 80 . ; ,.^,..^ "Espeletias in the High Andes, Colombia," a new mural in the scries in Hall 29, was painted by Staff Artist Arthur G. Rueckert under the direction of the Curator of Colombian Botany, Dr. Jose Cuatrecasas. A detail of the painting is shown here. 81 filming may require several years. In addition to work on this project, two complete films were edited for use by the Museum in programs for schools and the general public. Publications and Printing Distribution of the Museum's publications to institutions and in- dividuals on our foreign exchange list was restored almost to prewar routine during the year, with wartime accumulations and current issues dispatched to all on the list except those in Germany and Japan. A total of 25,270 copies was sent to individuals and institu- tions on both our domestic and foreign exchange lists, to which forty-three new names were added. Sales during 1947 totaled 4,758 copies in the Scientific Series, 8,585 copies in the Popular Series, and 29,386 copies of miscellaneous publications, such as guides, handbooks, and memoirs (see page 91). For future sales and other distributions, an additional 15,241 copies of publications were wrapped, labeled, and stored. The Museum Press issued during the year thirty-two titles in the Scientific Series of publications, one in the Popular Series, one in the Administrative Series, and two reprints. The total number of pages printed in all books, including indexes for three completed volumes in the Scientific Series, was 1,513, and the total number of copies printed was 46,682. Twelve numbers of Chicago Natural History Bulletin were printed, averaging six thousand copies an issue. Other work of the Division of Printing included posters, price lists, Museum Stories for Children (Raymond Foundation), lecture schedules. Museum labels, specimen tags, and post cards. It is desired to record sincere appreciation of Mrs. Elsie H. Thomas, Recorder, and her efficient organization in handling the tremendous volume of publications that was sent out from the Mu- seum during the year. It was, indeed, a tremendous task to distribute correctly the wartime accumulation of publications. The problem was further complicated by the fact that it was necessary to check on the existence of many of the institutions that formerly carried on exchange relations with us. It is further desired to record appreciation for the efi"orts of the Associate Editors, whose work assisted materially in the production of our publications. Miss Lillian A. Ross continued her superior work in handling the scientific publications of the Museum and Mrs. Helen A. MacMinn handled capably the miscellaneous and nonscientific publications. 82 A list of titles in the publications series issued in 1947 by Chicago Natural History Museum Press follows: DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY Hambly, Wilfrid D. Cranial Capacities, A Study in Methods, Fieldiana: Anthropology, vol. 36, no. 3, 51 pp. Martin, Paul S., and John B. Rinaldo The SU Site, Excavations at a Mogollon Village, Western New Mexico, Third Season, 19^.6, Anthropological Series, vol. 32, no. 3, 110 pp., 42 text figures, 12 maps Spoehr, Alexander Changing Kinship Systems, Anthropological Series, vol. 33, no. 4, 85 pp., 13 text figures DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY Dahlgren, B. E. Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Popular Series, Botany, no. 26, 82 pp., 68 text figures Sherff, Earl Edward Further Studies in the Genus Dodonaea, Botanical Series, vol. 23, no. 6, 53 pp. A Preliminary Study of Hawaiian Species of the Genus Rauvolfia, Additions to the Genera Scalesia and Hidalgoa, Botanical Series, vol. 23, no. 7, 17 pp., 1 plate Standley, Paul C, and Julian A. Steyermark Studies of Central American Plants-VII, Botanical Series, vol. 23, no. 5, 73 pp., 4 text figures DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY HussAKOF, Louis A New Pycnodont Fish from the Cretaceous of Arkajisas, Fieldiana: Geology, vol. 10, no. 4, 5 pp., 1 text figure Olson, Everett Claire The Family Diadectidae and Its Bearing on the Classification of Reptiles, Fieldiana: Geology, vol. 11, no. 1, 53 pp., 8 text figures Zangerl, Rainer A New Anosteirine Turtle from Manchuria, Fieldiana: Geology, vol. 10, no. 3, 9 pp., 4 text figures Redescription of Taphrosphys Olssoni, A Fossil Turtle from Peru, Fieldiana: Geology, vol. 10, no. 5, 12 pp., 4 text figures DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY Baisas, F. E. Notes on Philippine Mosquitoes-XI, A New Species of Tripteroides, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 31, no. 15, 4 pp., 1 text figure 83 DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY (Continued) Banks, Nathan Some Neuropterous Insects from Szechwan, China, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 31, no. 12, 11 pp., 5 text figures Blake, Emmet R., and Melvin A. Traylor, Jr. The Subspecies of Aratinga Acuticaudata, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 31, no. 21, 7 pp. Davis, Dwight D. The Bacula of Some Fruit Bats (Pteropus), Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 31, no. 16, 7 pp., 2 text figures Davis, Dwight D., and U. R. Gore Clearing and Staining Skeletons of Small Vertebrates, Fieldiana: Technique, no. 4, Second Edition, 16 pp., 3 text figures Dybas, Henry S., and Rupert L. Wenzel A New Genus of Batflies From Guatemala (Diptera Acalypterae: Sireblidae), Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 31, no. 19, 6 pp., 3 text figures Fleming, Robert L. A New Race of Koklas Pheasant, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 31, no. 11, 4 pp. Goodnight, Clarence J., and Marie L. Phalangida from Tropical America, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 32, no. 1, 58 pp., 30 text figures Gray, Marion Catalogue of Type Specimens of Fishes in Chicago Natural History Museum, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 32, no. 3, 99 pp., 24 text figures Haas, Fritz Malacological Notes-V, Peruvian Land and Fresh-Water Shells, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 31, no. 22, 18 pp., 8 text figures Inger, Robert F. Preliminary Survey of the Amphibians of the Riukiu Islands, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 32, no. 5, 58 pp., 2 text figures, 4 maps Pope, Clifford H. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Chicago Area, Reprint, 275 pp., 50 text figures, 12 plates Pope, Clifford H., and Nelson G. Hairston The Distribution of Leurognathus, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 31, no. 20, 8 pp., 2 text figures Sanborn, Colin Campbell The South American Rodents of the Genus Neotomys, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 31, no. 7, 7 pp., 2 text figures The Sheath-Tailed Bat of the Patau and Marshall Islands, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 31, no. 8, 4 pp., 1 text figure Geographical Races of the Rodent Akodon Jelskii Thomas, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 31, no. 17, 10 pp., 1 text figure Catalogue of Type Specimens of Mammals in Chicago Natural History Museum, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 32, no. 4, 85 pp., 1 plate 84 I I Segall, Walter The Malleus (Ossiculum Auditus) of the Anihropoid Apes, Ficldiana: Zoology, vol. 31, no. 14, 8 pp., 3 text figures Schmidt, Karl P. A New Kinosternid Turtle from Colombia, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 31, no. 13, 4 pp., 1 text figure Schmidt, Karl P., and Frederick A. Shannon Notes on Amphibians and Reptiles of Michoacan, Mexico, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 31, no. 9, 23 pp., 1 text figure van Rossem, a. J. Two Races of the Bridled Titmouse, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 31, no. 10, 6 pp. Wolcott, Albert B. Catalogue of North American Beetles of the Family Cleridae, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 32, no. 2, 43 pp. Wolcott, Albert B., and Henry S. Dybas Two New Beetles from Costa Rica and Australia, with a Description of a New Genus (Coleoptera, Cleridae), Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 31, no. 18, 6 pp., 3 text figures ADMINISTRATIVE PUBLICATIONS Annual Report of the Director to the Board of Trustees for the Year 191^6, 139 pp., 22 text figures, 5 plates General Guide, Twenty-seventh Edition, Reprint, 48 pp., 3 text figures, 5 plates Public Relations The newspapers of Chicago and of hundreds of other cities continued to give generous space to pictures, news stories, and features con- nected with activities of the Museum. In addition to the more routine pubHcity in the black-and-white of the dailies, there were several spreads of one to two pages of rotogravure pictures and pages in full color. Releases of the year issued through the office of the Public Relations Counsel numbered 329. Many features commanded especially good space and widespread circulation, some of them through national news and picture agencies as well as the large Chicago dailies. Syndicated rotogravure pages of the work in plastics carried on in the taxidermy and modeling studios of the Museum were prepared by Acme Newspictures, Inc., and published in newspapers of principal cities from coast to coast. A rotogravure spread was printed in the Chicago Daily News on the Museum's activities in the training of students from the University of Chicago, Antioch College, and the Art Institute of Chicago. There were: a page layout in the Chicago Sunday Times on work of the 85 Robert Miller is announcing Karl P. Schmidt, Chief Curator of Zoology, for a radio broadcast to the Chicago public schools on opportunities in museum work. James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation, a page in four colors of Museum exhibits in a "Chicago Vacation" series of articles in the Chicago Tribune, a rotogravure layout in the Chicago Sunday Tribune of bird photographs in connection with a special Museum exhibit, and a full-page picture of the Museum building on the cover of the Saturday rotogravure section of the Chicago Daily News. These examples are representative. Many other picture layouts and extended stories appeared not only in the papers mentioned but also in the Chicago Sun, Chicago Herald-American, Chicago Journal of Commerce, and Downtoivn Shopping News. For national and world- 86 wide circulation of its stories and pictures the Museum is indebted to the Associated Press and its affiliate (Wide- World Photos), United Press, International News Service, Acme Newspictures, Science Service, and others. For the courtesy of transmission by pneumatic tube into the offices of local newspapers of urgent "spot news" from the Museum, grateful acknowledgement is made to the City News Bureau of Chicago. In addition to the metropolitan press, the Museum continued to distribute its news to hundreds of other publications, such as the community newspapers of various areas of Chicago, the foreign language newspapers of Chicago, the newspapers of the city's suburbs, and newspapers in upstate and downstate Illinois towns and cities. The Museum received attention in both news and special- feature programs of radio stations in Chicago and on national net- works. Among those that gave air time to the Museum were WMAQ, WON, WIND, WBBM, WENR, WLS, WCFL, WJJD, American Broadcasting Company, Columbia Broadcasting System, National Broadcasting Company, and Mutual Broadcasting System. After wartime curtailment of publication for several years, the Bulletin of the Museum was restored this year to a monthly basis. With twelve issues, with greater emphasis than ever before upon illustrations, and with the introduction of a number of changes, this monthly periodical kept the Members of the Museum more fully informed of Museum activities than hitherto. A supplemental value of the Bulletin arises from the fact that, because it is circulated to the full publicity list of newspapers, news agencies, and magazines, many of its articles are reprinted by these, thus adding to the total of Museum publicity. The Bulletin also is sent as an exchange publication to other museums, scientific societies, and libraries. The Museum, as in other years, was advertised by means of posters announcing its lecture courses for adults and Raymond Foundation programs for children. Thousands of folders were distributed through widespread agencies. The Museum also con- tinued, with the other principal museums of the city, the publication and distribution of thousands of copies of a folder describing the attractions of each institution. The advertising efforts of the Museum were assisted without charge by the Chicago and North Western Railway; the Illinois Central System; the Chicago Rapid Transit Lines (which in the latter part of the year became part of the Chicago Transit Authority); the Chicago, Aurora and Elgin Railroad; and the public-service bureaus of newspapers, hotels, department stores, and other organizations. 87 The Book Shop More and more, visitors at the Museum are finding the Book Shop a dehghtful place in which to shop. From its beginning in 1938, every successive year, with the exception of 1940, has shown an increase in sales. Book Shop service is partly responsible for this unusual success. On special order, the Book Shop will obtain for purchasers almost any book available from any publisher or dealer in the world. Books may be ordered by mail, and increasing numbers of people are taking advantage of this convenience. Here a visitor may obtain books for the youngest nature lover as well as for the mature scientist. And he may buy them secure in the knowledge that they are accurate, because all books sold in the Book Shop have been approved by members of the Museum's scientific staff. We take pride in this method of teaching natural history. Cafeteria More customers were served by the Museum cafeteria in 1947 than in any year since the cafeteria was opened. There were 111,112 persons served in the cafeteria and 134,274 served in the lunchroom, making a total of 245,386, in comparison with 213,536 for 1946. The lunchroom is open to all visitors, but it is used principally by school children who bring their own lunches and wish to supplement them by the purchase of milk, soft drinks, or dessert. Maintenance, Construction, and Engineering All exterior woodwork of the Museum building was painted and heavy wire-mesh window guards were installed on all terrace-level windows. Frames and sash in the second floor light courts were repainted and repaired as needed. The discovery of termites in certain ground-floor areas necessitated the undertaking of immediate and thorough measures for their extermination. A small room for rare books was constructed in one corner of the new extension stackroom of the Library, and the bindery was moved into larger quarters across the hall from its former location. A rubber tile floor was laid in the new stackroom and one of asphalt tile in the Recorder's office. A new office and laboratory were prepared and equipped for the Division of Motion Pictures. A small room and storage closet were built at one end of the photo-operating room, which was redecorated ; and a small area of the shipping room, on the ground floor, was partitioned off for use of the shipping clerk. An acoustical ceiling was installed in the cafeteria and in the projec- 88 tion booths of the James Simpson Theatre and the lecture hall. These new ceilings, by reducing echo, have noticeably decreased the noise in the cafeteria and, in the Theatre and lecture hall, have greatly increased the carrying quality and clarity of the voice. Extensive repairs were made in the heating plant, and all four boilers were thoroughly cleaned. A new and more efficient incinerator was installed. A number of steam lines on the third floor were rerouted and additional radiators were connected where necessary. Sixty-eight large fluorescent light fixtures were hung in offices and workrooms throughout the building, and several electric circuits were run in to supply power for new machinery, power tools, and exhaust fans. A flake-ice machine was installed to effect a saving in the cost of ice needed for the operation of the cafeteria. Additional electric water coolers were installed throughout the building. Under con- tracts in force, a total of 16,107,550 pounds of steam was sold to the John G. Shedd Aquarium and 17,014,688 to the Chicago Park District, a total of 33,122,238 pounds delivered during the year. It would be impossible to detail the multiplicity of tasks accom- plished by the Maintenance and Engineering Divisions in the normal routine of their work. It is a major achievement just to keep the Museum building and its equipment in good condition and in operat- ing order. In addition, personnel of these divisions are habitually called upon, in connection with the exhibition program, to assist in moving equipment and exhibit cases for the various departments. In the pages that follow are submitted the Museum's financial statements (1946, 1947), attendance statistics and door receipts (1946, 1947), list of accessions, list of Members, articles of incorpora- tion, and amended by-laws. Clifford C. Gregg Director, Chicago Natural History Museum 89 COMPARATIVE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR YEARS 1946 AND 1947 Income 1947 1945 Endowment funds $641,264.02 $558,331.93 Funds held under annuity agreement 17,839.28 18,242.30 Life Membership fund 9,071.61 9,246.57 Associate Membership fund. . . 11,729.14 11,811.06 Chicago Park District 132,071.98 136,242.43 Annual and Sustaining Mem- berships 17,850.00 16,775.00 Admissions 34,420.00 31,826.25 Sundry receipts 31,659.80 27,978.95 Contributions, general pur- poses 634.00 373.99 Contributions, special purposes (expended per contra) 82,968.46 7,560.18 Special funds — part expended for purposes designated (included per contra) 22,752.47 32,752.37 $1,002,260.76 $851,141.03 Expenditures Collections $ 25,130.65 $ 11,633.88 Operating expenses capitalized and added to collections . . 44,878.63 44,544.14 Expeditions 25,998.04 32,588.07 Furniture, fixtures, etc 152,803.20 19,017.60 Wages capitalized and added to fixtures 6,143.85 945.65 Pensions and group insurance. 59,583.62 64,286.42 Departmental expenses 83,087.30 72,346.32 General operating expenses .. . 516,766.70 395,527.27 Building repairs and altera- tions 73,311.23 126,958.62 Annuity on contingent gift . . . 25,000.00 25,000.00 Reserve for building repairs and mechanical plant de- preciation 10,000.00 Reserve for contingencies aris- ing from the War 40,000.00 $1,012,703.22 $842,847.97 Balance $ 8,293.06 Deficit $ 10,442.46 The N. W. Harris Public School Extension 1947 1946 Income from endowment $ 18,142.03 $ 17,032.18 Expenditures 21,306.08 18,529.31 Deficit $ 3,164.05 $ 1,497.13 90 COMPARATIVE ATTENDANCE STATISTICS AND DOOR RECEIPTS FOR YEARS 1946 AND 1947 1947 1946 Total attendance 1,183,308 1,287,436 Paid attendance 137,680 127,305 Free admissions on pay days: Students 26,522 School children 68,230 Teachers 2,815 Members 474 Service men and women 1,696 Special meetings attendance 6,120 Admissions on free days: Thursdays (51) 129,586 Saturdays (52) 300,990 Sundays (52) 509,195 Highest attendance on any day ' (November 29) 16,789 Lowest attendance on any day (January 7) 124 (December 18) 148 Highest paid attendance (September 1). 4,930 (September 2) 4,399 Average daily admissions (363 days) .... 3,260 (362 days) 3,556 Average paid admissions (208 days) .... 662 (207 days) 615 20,730 61,699 2,244 540 9,757 602 (52) 154,965 (52) 328,512 (51) 581,684 (April 6) 35,769 Number of guides sold 23,329 Number of articles checked 38,023 Number of picture post cards sold 245,081 Sales of publications, both scientific and popular, and photographs $11,832.34 18,152 41,334 170,656 $9,058.96 91 ACCESSIONS, 1947 Department of Anthropology — Accessions Bartlett, Florence Dibell, Chi- cago: 12 carved wooden manikins, 126 textiles, 3 decorated gourds, 1 silver necklace, 5 painted clay figurines, 14 negatives, 3 Navaho blankets — Guate- mala and Southwest (gift). Bayless, Dr. Harold S., Chicago: 1 robe of Maori chief — New Zealand (gift). Bullock, Dr. D. S., Detroit: 8 archaeological specimens of stone — Chile (exchange). Capps, Marcia, Minneapolis: 1 shell lei— Tahiti (gift). Card, Mrs. Paul Q., Minneapolis: 1 bowl, 1 jar, and 25 projectile points, all Hohokam, and 1 Hupa basket — Arizona (gift). Carpenter, Mrs. George A., Chi- cago: 1 Alaskan fishhook, 1 Mexican mask, 1 Balinese tortoise-shell fan, and 1 tapa cloth and 1 food bowl, both from Polynesia (gift). Chicago Natural History Museum : Collected by Dr. Paul S. Martin (Southwest Archaeological Expedition, 1947): 369 artifacts, 30 whole or restor- able pots, 10,000 potsherds — near Re- serve, New Mexico. Collected by Dr. Alexander Spoehr (Ethnological Expedition to Micronesia, 1947): 44 ethnological specimens — Marshall and Mortlock Islands, Micro- nesia. Collected by Dr. and Mrs. James B. Watson: 166 anthropometric forms, 527 negatives — Mato Grosso, Brazil. Purchase: 340 prehistoric artifacts — Western Aleutian Islands. DouBLEDAY, RiCHARD Al, Morgan Park, Illinois: 1 boy's costume — Guatemala (gift). Field, Dr. Henry, Thomasville, Georgia: 1 partially finished fishing net, with 2 netting shuttles and ball of fine cotton netting twine — Michoacan, Mexico (gift). Gregory, Mrs. Alice H., Chicago: 36 textiles and 2 costumed dolls — • Guatemala (gift). Hughes, Thomas S., Chicago: 1 vase —Italy (gift). McCoRMiCK, Mrs. Chauncey, Chi- cago: 2 amulets of animal gods — Egypt (gift). Mead, Aaron B. (deceased): 26 dentalium shells used as medium of exchange — Puget Sound (gift). NiKLAUS, George F., Boise, Idaho: 1 Chinese dollar (gift). Oakes, Gradie, Chicago: Collection of about 500 scrapers, projectile points, and fragments, of Archaic and Wood- land types — near Mammoth Cave, Kentucky (gift). Wang, Major Ching-Yien, Rantoul, Illinois: 1 rubbing from inscription on stone monument — Shansi Province, China (gift). Department of Botany — Accessions Acosta SoLis, Professor Misael, Quito, Ecuador: 8,000 specimens of plants from Ecuador (gift). Agostinho, Lieutenant Colonel J., Angra de Heroismo, Azores Islands: 1 plant specimen (gift). Anceita, Felipe, Lima, Peru: 4 specimens of algae (gift). Anderson, Dr. Edgar, St. Louis: 1 specimen of Tripsacum (gift). Archer, W. A., Belem, Para, Brazil: 1 trunk section of Malouetia (gift). Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts: 1 plant specimen (ex- change). 92 Bailey Hortorium, Ithaca, New York : 47 specimens of Rubus (exchange) . Bauer, Bill, Webster Groves, Mis- souri: 40 plant specimens (gift). Belcher, Dr. R. O., Ann Arbor, Michigan: Icryptogamicspecimen (gift). Bernice p. Bishop Museum, Hono- lulu, Hawaii: 3 plant specimens (gift). Binnv, H. B., Victoria, British Co- lumbia: 20 samples of woods (e.xchange). BoNDAR, Dr. Gregorio, Bahia, Brazil: 91 specimens of Brazilian plants (gift). Botanic Gardens, Sydney, Aus- tralia: 73 specimens of plants from New South Wales (exchange). Brannon, Dr. M. A., Gainesville, Florida: 47 specimens of algae (gift). Bromley, Mrs. S. W., Stamford, Connecticut: 3 specimens of algae (gift). Buell, Mrs. Helen Foot, New Brunswick, New Jersey: 13 specimens of algae (gift). Cain, Dr. Stanley A., Bloomfield Hills, Michigan: 3 specimens of plankton algae (gift). California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco: 108 specimens of Cali- fornia plants (exchange). Cardenas, Professor Martin, La Paz, Bolivia: 3 plant specimens (gift). Chapman, Dr. V. J., Auckland, New Zealand: 23 specimens of algae (gift). Chicago Natural History Museum : Collected by Dr. B. E. Dahlgren (Botanical Expedition to Cuba, 1947): 30 specimens of Cuban plants. Collected by Dr. Fritz Haas (Ber- muda Zoological Expedition, 1947): 41 marine algae. Collected by Donald Richards and Dr. Francis Drouet: 500 cryptogamic specimens from Indiana. Collected by Dr. Alexander Spoehr (Ethnological Expedition to Micro- nesia, 1947): 25 cryptogams from Majuro Atoll, Marshall Islands. Collected by Paul C. Standley (Botanical Expedition to Nicaragua, Honduras, and El Salvador, 1946-47): 25,000 plant specimens. Collected by Llewelyn Williams: 52 specimens of Cuban plants, 92 specimens of Venezuelan woods. Collected by Llewelyn Williams and W. A. Toole: 18 specimens of culinary herbs from Michigan. Transferred from the Division of Photography: 59 photographic prints. Purchases: 244 plant specimens — Brazil; 660 plant specimens Colombia; 230 plant specimens— Ecuador; 275 plant specimens— Korea; 50 plant speci- mens— Venezuela; 568 plant specimens — West Indies and South America; 615 cryptogamic specimens — Colorado; 620 cryptogamic specimens — New Zealand; 1,800 cryptogamic specimens — Scandi- navia; 28,869 miscellaneous crypto- gamic specimens. Cibulskis, Peter, Hinsdale, Illinois: 1 plant specimen (gift). CoLEGio DE La Salle, Vedado, Havana, Cuba: 388 cryptogamic speci- mens (exchange). Cooke, Dr. William Bridge, Pull- man, Washington: 4 specimens of algae (gift). CuATRECASAS, Dr. Jose, Chicago: 6 specimens of algae, about 30,000 her- barium specimens, nearly 1,000 wood samples (gift). Cutler, Dr. Hugh C, Chicago: 51 plant specimens, 63 cryptogamic speci- mens (gift). Daily, Mrs. Fay K., Indianapolis, Indiana: 1 cryptogamic specimen (gift). Daily, William A., Indianapolis, Indiana: 105 specimens of algae (gift). Damann, Dr. Kenneth E., Charles- ton, Illinois: 22 specimens of algae (gift). Daston, J. S., Chicago: 1 specimen of orchid, 6 specimens of fungi (gift). Doty, Dr. Maxwell S., Evanston, Illinois: 85 specimens of algae (gift). Drouet, Dr. Francis, Chicago: 188 plant specimens and 353 cryptogamic specimens from Moravia; 192 crypto- gamic specimens from Indiana and Illinois (gift). Durham, Oren C, North Chicago, Illinois: 5 plant specimens (gift). Edwards, T. H., Palawan Island, Philippine Islands: 1 economic speci- men (gift). EscuELA Agricola Panamericana, Tegucigalpa, Honduras: 1 wood sample (gift). Field, Dr. Henry, Thomasville, Georgia: 18 specimens of fungi, 2 economic specimens (gift). Fisher, George L., Houston, Texas: 21 specimens of Texas plants, 15 speci- mens of algae and mosses (gift). 93 Flint, Dr. Lewis H., Baton Rouge, Louisiana: 16 specimens of algae (ex- change). FoNNER, John W., Chicago: 1 plant specimen (gift). FosBERG, Dr. F. Raymond, Washing- ton, D. C: 54 cryptogamic specimens (exchange). Franck, Barbara, Chicago: 3 speci- mens of lichens (gift). Frank, Peter W., Chicago: 1 crypto- gamic specimen (gift). Fuller, Dr. George D., Chicago: 159 specimens of Illinois plants (gift). Garfield Park Conservatory, Chi- cago: 6 specimens of cultivated plants (gift). Garnier, Brother Antonio, Ma- nagua, Nicaragua: 450 specimens of plants from Nicaragua (gift). Graham, Dr. Verne O., Chicago: 1 cryptogamic specimen (gift). Gray Herbarium, Cambridge, Mas- sachusetts: 359 plant specimens (ex- change). Greenberg, Albert, Tampa, Florida: 1 plant specimen (gift). Gregg, Colonel Clifford C, Val- paraiso, Indiana: 2 specimens of fungi (gift). Gustafson, Dr. A. G., Brunswick, Maine: 11 specimens of algae (gift). Habeeb, Dr. Herbert, Grand Falls, New Brunswick, Canada: 314 speci- mens of algae (gift); 201 specimens of mosses (exchange). Hewetson, W. T., Freeport, Illinois: 2 plant specimens (gift). Hsiao, Dr. Sidney, Woods Hole, Massachusetts: 1 cryptogamic specimen (gift). Howard, Dr. Richard A., New York: 89 specimens of Rubiaceae (ex- change). HuMM, Dr. Harold J., Beaufort, North Carolina: 60 specimens of algae (gift). Hunziker, a. T., Buenos Aires, Argentina: 168 specimens of plants from Argentina (exchange). Institute Botanique, Universite DE Montreal, Montreal, Canada: 720 specimens of Canadian plants (ex- change). Instituto Agronomico DO Norte, Belem, Para, Brazil: 695 specimens of Brazilian plants (exchange). Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universi- DAD DE Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina: 2,000 specimens of plants from Argen- tina (exchange). Kiener, Dr. Walter, Lincoln, Ne- braska: 949 specimens of Nebraska plants, 379 specimens of algae (gift); 156 specimens of algae (exchange). Killip, Ellsworth P., Washington, D. C: 9 specimens of Venezuela plants (gift). KoRSTiAN, C. F., Durham, North Carolina: 50 plant specimens (gift). Krapovickas, Dr. Antonio, Buenos Aires, Argentina: 80 plant specimens (exchange). Lacas, Professor M. M., Mon- terrey, Mexico: 446 specimens of Mexican plants (gift). LiNDAUER, Dr. V. W., Pihama, New Zealand: 3 specimens of algae (gift). LiNDSEY, Dr. a. a., Lafayette, In- diana: 39 specimens of algae (gift). Long, Lewis E., Washington, D. C: 105 plant specimens and collection of seeds from Nicaragua (gift). Louderback, Harold B., Argo, Illinois: 92 cryptogamic specimens (gift). Macbride, J. Francis, Palo Alto, California: 336 cryptogamic specimens (gift). MacDougall, T., New York: 4 plant specimens (gift). McAtee, Dr. Waldo L., Chicago: 2 plant specimens (gift). McBryde, Professor J. B., Denton, Texas: 118 specimens of Texas plants (gift). McNeill, Dr. E. Meade, Athens, West Virginia: 3 cryptogamic specimens (gift). McVaugh, Dr. Rogers, Ann Arbor, Michigan: 47 specimens of Michigan plants (exchange). Margalef, Dr. Ramon, Barcelona, Spain: 1 cryptogamic specimen (gift). Markle, Dr. M. S., Richmond, Indiana: 28 specimens of algae (gift). Matuda, Professor Eizi, Escuintla, Chiapas, Mexico: 1,319 specimens of Mexican plants (gift). Maxon, Dr. William R., Washing- ton, D. C.: 1 crvptogamic specimen (gift). May, Dr. Valerie, Cronulla, Aus- tralia: 1 cryptogamic specimen (gift). 94 Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis: 20 plant specimens (gift). MoLDENKE, Dr. Harold N., New York: 105 plant specimens (gift); 7 plant specimens, 117 photographic prints (exchange). MusEO Nacional, San Jose, Costa Rica: 326 specimens of Costa Rican plants (gift). Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire de Crypto- GAMIE, Paris, France: 20 specimens of bryophytes (exchange). National Herbarium, Botanic Gardens, Sydney, Australia: 125 speci- mens of Australian plants (exchange). National Museum of Prague, De- partment of Botany, Prague, Czecho- slovakia: 200 plant specimens (ex- change). Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, BoTANiSKA Avdelningen, Stockholm, Sweden: 1,358 specimens of plants from Brazil and Argentina (exchange). New York Botanical Garden, New York: 6 plant specimens (gift); 704 plant specimens, 331 specimens of mosses (exchange). NoCKLER, A., Omaruru, Southwest Africa: 1 plant specimen (gift). Orr, Anne Estelle, Dallas, Texas: 21 specimens of algae (gift). Overton, William R., Wesley Gillespie, Arlington Heights, Illinois, AND J. Francis Macbride, Palo Alto, California: 513 miscellaneous crypto- gams (gift). Palmer, Dr. C. M., Indianapolis, Indiana: 3 specimens of algae (gift). Patino, Dr. Victor M., Call, Co- lombia: 5 specimens of pop corn from Colombia (exchange). Patrick, Dr. Ruth, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: 8 specimens of algae (gift). Patterson, Bryan, Harvey, Illinois: 1 cryptogamic specimen (gift). Phillips, O. D., Belize, British Hon- duras: 49 plant specimens (gift). Phinney, Dr. Harry K., Chicago: 1 plant specimen (gift). Przydatek, Halyna, Chicago: 1 model of a victory garden (gift). Raddin, Louise, Chicago: 1,250 mis- cellaneous plant specimens (gift). Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Anaheim, California: 174 specimens of conifers (exchange). Rapp, William F., Jr., Urbana, Illinois: 6 plant specimens (gift). Richards, Donald, Chicago: 50 specimens of mosses (gift). Richardson, Eugene S., Jr., Win- netka, Illinois: 6 cryptogamic speci- mens (gift). Rijksherbarium, Leiden, Holland: 1 cryptogamic specimen (exchange). Rousseau, Dr. Jacques, Montreal, Canada: 18 specimens of algae (gift). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, England: 513 specimens of Peruvian plants, 44 cryptogamic speci- mens (exchange). Rubinstein, Mrs. Harriet, Chi- cago: 53 plant specimens (gift). Sanborn, Colin C, Highland Park, Illinois: 8 cryptogamic specimens (gift). Schallert, Dr. P. 0., Orlando, Florida: 140 specimens of algae (gift); 31 -specimens of algae, 561 specimens of United States plants (exchange). SCHARF, Grace E., Evanston, Illi- nois: 4 cryptogamic specimens (gift). Scott, Dr. A. M., New Orleans, Louisiana: 2 specimens of fresh- water algae (gift). Scott, Milton, Miami, Florida: 25 wood specimens (exchange). Sharp, Professor Aaron J., Knox- ville, Tennessee: 2 plant specimens (gift). Sherff, Dr. Earl E., Chicago: 21 negatives, 28 photographic prints (gift). Sierra, Professor Hector M., Guatemala City, Guatemala: 1 water- color sketch, 1 plant specimen (gift). SiLVA, Herman, Knoxville, Tennessee: 44 specimens of algae (gift). Sinsabaugh, Charles F., Columbus, Ohio: 1 specimen of bacteria (gift). Smith, Professor E. C, Fort Collins, Colorado: 2 plant specimens (gift). SouKUP, Professor J., Lima, Peru: 232 .specimens of Peruvian plants (gift). Starrett, Dr. W. C, Ames, Iowa: 11 specimens of plankton algae (gift). State University of Iowa, Her- barium, Iowa City: 521 specimens of Iowa plants (exchange). Stevens, Dr. O. A., Fargo, North Dakota: 2 cryptogamic specimens (gift). Steyermark, Dr. Julian A., Har- rington, Illinois: 1,510 miscellaneous plant specimens, 22 .specimens of com- mercial .seeds (gift). 95 Steyermark, Dr. Julian A., Bar- rington, Illinois, and Dr. Theodor Just, Oak Park, Illinois: 3 specimens of fungi (gift). Stout, Mrs. Clifford, Barrington, Illinois: 29 plant specimens (gift). SwiNK, Floyd A., Chicago: 9 plant specimens (gift). Taylor, Dr. William Randolph, Ann Arbor, Michigan: 59 specimens of algae (gift); 2 specimens of algae (ex- change). United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Wash- ington, D. C: 7 plant specimens (gift). United States National Museum, Washington, D. C: 77 plant specimens (exchange). Universidad Nacional, Seccion de BOTANICA, Medellin, Colombia: 178 specimens of Colombian plants (gift). University of Adelaide, Depart- ment OF Botany, Adelaide, Australia: 268 specimens of marine algae and vascular plants (exchange). University of California, Depart- ment OF Botany, Berkeley: 989 speci- mens of algae (gift); 12 specimens of plants from Mexico and Central America (exchange). University of Chicago, Depart- ment OF Anthropology, Chicago: 2 plant specimens (gift). University of Minnesota, De- partment OF Botany, Minneapolis: 43 plant specimens (exchange). University of Texas, Department OF Botany, Austin: 2,143 plant speci- mens (gift); 432 plant specimens (ex- change). University of Wisconsin, Depart- ment OF Botany, Madison: 20 plant specimens (exchange). Vargas, Dr. Cesar, Cuzco, Peru: 97 specimens of Peruvian plants (gift). Vaughan's Seed Company, Chicago: 310 packets of commercial flower and vegetable seeds, 2 catalogues (gift). VOTH, Dr. Paul, Chicago: 236 speci- mens of ferns (gift). Walpole, Stewart J., Park Ridge, Illinois: 1 specimen of cola nuts (gift). Williams, Louis G., Durham, North Carolina: 8 specimens of blue-green algae (gift). Williams, Dr. M. W., La Jolla, California: 1 cryptogamic specimen (gift). Wynne, Dr. Frances E., Chicago: 15 specimens of mosses (gift). Department of Geology — Accessions Bailey, Alfred M., Denver: 5 photographs showing differential ero- sion— Utah and Colorado (gift). Barber, C. M., Flint, Michigan: Collection of fossil vertebrates, 22 in- vertebrate fossils — various localities (gift). Berner, Dr. Leopold, Marseille, France: 11 invertebrate fossils — near des Aygalaees pres Marseille (transfer). Boyd, Houston, Lindsberg, Kansas: 4 quartz rosettes — Georgia (gift). British Museum, London, England: Collection of casts of fossil birds (ex- change). Brown, Dr. Dugald E. S., St. George's, Bermuda: 48 fossil inverte- brates— Bermuda (gift). Chappers, Michael, Chicago: 1 specimen of fluorite, 1 specimen of conglomerate — near Cincinnati, Ohio (gift). 96 Chicago Natural History Museum : Collected by Dr. Fritz Haas (Ber- muda Zoological Expedition, 1947): 12 geological specimens — Bermuda. Collected by Harry Hoogstraal (Philippines Zoological Expedition, 1946-47): 1 specimen of psilomelane — near Dimaniang, Philippine Islands. Collected by Bryan Patterson and James H. Quinn: (Colorado Paleonto- logical Expedition, 1947): Collection of fossil vertebrates — Nebraska and Colo- rado. Collected by Bryan Patterson, James H. Quinn, and John M. Schmidt (Pale- ontological Expedition to the South- west, 1946): Collection of vertebrate fossils, invertebrate fossils, and fossil plants — Presidio County, Texas. Collected by Eugene S. Richardson, Jr.: 30 specimens of stromatolites, 7 i lithological specimens — Wisconsin and Michigan. Collected by William D. Turnbull and C. M. Barber (Field Trip to Ala- bama, 1947): Collection of vertebrate and invertebrate fossils — Alabama. Collected by John W. Winn : 4 gypsum helictites — near Mammoth Cave, Ken- tucky. Collected by Dr. Rainer Zangerl (Field Trip to the Washakie Basin in Wyoming, 1947): Collection of verte- brate fossils — Sweetwater County, Wyoming. Made in Paleontological Laboratory: Cast of part of palate of Felsinotherium ossivallense — (made from original loaned by C. M. Elmore, Horn Lake, Missis- sippi). Made in Paleontological Laboratory: Cast and mold of natural cast of turtle carapace — (original specimen owned by Mrs. Julia Latham, De Beque, Colo- rado). Purchases: 6 specimens of Param- phibian trails; 34 mineral specimens; 1 fossil sea shell; individual stone meteorite; cast of jaw and cast of facial region of skull of Proconsul africmius Hopwood; 3 invertebrate fossils — vari- ous localities. Cox, Dr. George H., St. Petersburg, Florida: 2 specimens of Ostrea coxi Gardner — Tampa Bay, St. Petersburg, Florida (gift). Evans, Glen L., Austin, Texas: 1 fossil gastropod — Williamson County, Texas (gift). Eversole, Roy, Bitter Creek, Wyo- ming: 1 specimen of dakeite — Carbon County, Wyoming (gift). Fay, Robert 0., St. Louis: Collection of invertebrate fossils — various localities (exchange). Field, Dr. Henry, Thomasville, Georgia: 16 geological specimens — Mex- ico (gift). Freudenheim, Priscilla, Chicago: 1 specimen of chrome ore — near Manila, Philippine Lslands (gift). GouGH, John Robert, Canal Zone, Panama: Collection of fossil inverte- brates and plants — Canal Zone, Panama (gift). Hambleton, Elizabeth, Washing- ton, D. C: 100 shark teeth (fossil) — Breezy Point, Maryland (exchange). Heide, Mrs. B. H., Chicago: Skull and jaws of Merycoidodon culbertsoni, 2 agates — unknown localities (gift). Hoogstraal, Harry, Chicago: 5 specimens of basalt and tuff — Hawaiian Lslands (gift). Jennings, John W., Eureka Springs, Arkansas: 6 geological specimens — Eureka Springs, Arkansas (gift). Jones, John E., Benton, Illinois: 14 fossil plants— West Frankfort, Illinois (gift). Jones, Kent, Joplin, Missouri: 2 fossil pelecypods Bosque County, Texas (gift). King, Richard Charles, Colorado Springs, Colorado: 1 specimen of green quartzite — Colorado Springs (gift). Langford, George, Chicago: 1 fossil fish scale, 2 invertebrate fossils— Wil- mington, Illinois (gift). LoFQUiST, Ralph J., Chicago: 1 specimen of lead ore — unknown locality (gift). LowENSTAMM, H. A., Urbana, Illi- nois: Portion of carapace of Terrapene cf . ornata (Agassiz) — Yellville, Arkansas (gift). Menzel, William E., Chicago: 1 specimen of dakeite, 1 specimen of fluorite — Wyoming and Illinois (gift). MusEO Argentino de Ciences Naturelles, Buenos Aires, Argentina: Casts of original specimens of Phoro- rhacos affiyiis, Anchornis euryrhyncus, Pseudolarus guaraneticus, Smiliornis penetrans (exchange); casts of speci- mens of anteater foot bones (gift). Nolan, Dr. Thomas B., Washington, D. C: 1 stibnite specimen — near Shikoku, Japan (gift). Perry, Stuart H., Adrian, Michigan: 3 meteorites — various localities, (gift). Petit, Maurice, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands: 20 Upper Cretaceous fossils, 3 lithological samples — Coki Point, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands (gift). Price, Arthur C, Los Angeles: Collection of invertebrate fossils, collec- tion of Pleistocene fossils — California (gift). Richardson, Eugene S., Jr., Win- netka, Illinois: 1 specimen of petrified wood, 2 mineral and 6 rock specimens, 1 specimen of Cryptozoon \indulatum Bassler, 197 specimens of invertebrate fossils — various localities (gift). Rothrock, David P., Vermillion, South Dakota: Fragment of roofing tile fused by atomic bomb dropped on 97 Hiroshimo, Japan — Hiroshimo, Japan (exchange). Royal Ontario Museum of Pale- ontology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada: 4 plaster casts of skulls and jaws of vertebrate fossils (exchange). TowEY, Charles, Westmont, Illi- nois: 4 minerals, 1 invertebrate fossil — South Dakota and Illinois (gift). Turner, Filmore, Oak Park, Illinois: 17 invertebrate fossils — New Mexico (gift). University of Chicago, Chicago: Collection of fossil vertebrates — various localities (gift). University of Texas, Austin: Cast of skull of Felsinotkerium ossivallense (exchange). Woodcock, Paul J., St. Clair, Mis- souri: 1 specimen of drusy quartz, 1 specimen of barite — Washington County, Missouri (gift). Zangerl, Dr. Rainer, Harvey, Illinois: 23 invertebrate fossils — Was- hakie Basin, Wyoming (gift). Department of Zoology — Accessions AcosTA Y Lara, Eduardo F., Uru- guay: 19 mammals — Uruguay and Para- guay (exchange). Allen, Ross, Silver Springs, Florida: 480 reptiles and amphibians— Florida (gift). Barnes, Judge R. Magoon (de- ceased): 280 egg clutches, 39 shells — various localities (gift). Bauer, Margaret J., Chicago: 1 bird — Chicago (gift). Beecher, William J., Chicago: 8 birds, 3 insects — Chicago and New Caledonia (gift). BiESE, Dr. Walter, Chile, South America: 16 shells — Antofagasta, Chile (gift). Brandt, William, Herrala, Finland: 20 insects — Europe (gift). Brodie, Laura, Chicago: 76 reptiles and amphibians — North America (gift). Brown, Walter C, Rochester, New York: 3 amphibians — North Carohna (gift). Camras, Dr. Sidney, Chicago: 1 lot of accessories for sea-otter group, 11 lairds — various localities (gift). Cansdale, G. S., Africa: 1 mammal — Gold Coast, Africa (gift). Carlson, Ruth, and Ellen Carl- son, West Chicago, Illinois: 1 mammal —Isle of Man (gift). Chicago Natural History Museum : Collected by C. J. Albrecht and T. Moore (The Mr. and Mrs. William S. Street Zoological Expedition to Alaska) : 1 adult and 2 juvenile Alaskan bears, a skull, leg bones, and casts — Alaska. Collected by Harry Hoogstraal and Floyd G. Werner (Philippines Zoological Expedition, 1946-47): 2,625 mammals, 966 birds, 7 birds' eggs, 1 bird nest, 1,134 reptiles, 1,852 amphibians, 771 fishes, 242 Crustacea, slugs, and earthworms — Philippine Islands. Collected by Bryan Patterson and James H. Quinn (Colorado Paleonto- logical Expedition, 1947): 6 reptiles and amphibians — Colorado and Ne- braska. Collected by Bryan Patterson, James H. Quinn, and John M. Schmidt (Paleontological Expedition to the Southwest, 1946): 1 bird, 68 reptiles and amphibians, 1 series of tadpoles — Texas. Collected by Colin C. Sanborn: 4 mammals, 5 reptiles and amphibians, 9 shells — Arkansas. Collected by Karl P. Schmidt and others: 126 reptiles and amphibians, 24 lower invertebrates — Texas and Louisiana. Collected by Dr. Alexander Spoehr (Ethnological Expedition to Micro- nesia, 1947): 49 shells — Micronesia. Collected by Dr. Paul C. Standley (Botanical Expedition to Nicaragua, Honduras, and El Salvador, 1946-47): Part of a mammal skull, 1 amphibian, 78 insects and their allies, 160 shells — Nicaragua and Honduras. Collected by William D. Turnbull and C. M. Barber (Field Trip to Alabama, 1947): 16 reptiles and am- phibians— Alabama. Collected by Mr. and Mrs. John W. Winn: 6 amphibians, 1,483 fishes, 18 98 Crustacea and shells — Middlewest United States. Collected by Frank C. Wonder (Trinidad Zoological Expedition, 1947): 219 mammals, 38 birds, 359 reptiles and amphibians, 5 series of tadpoles, 213 fishes, 373 insects and their allies, 157 lower invertebrates — Trinidad. Purchases: 644 mammals, 876 birds, 2,091 reptiles and amphibians, 414 fishes, 42,679 insects and their allies, 925 lower invertebrates — various locali- ties. Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield, Illinois: 9 mammals, 16 birds, 33 reptiles and amphibians — various localities (gift). Colorado Museum of Natural History, Denver: 1 bird — North America (gift). CoNANT, Roger, Philadelphia: 115 reptiles and amphibians — Del-Mar-Va Peninsula (gift). Conover, Boardman, Chicago: 2 birds, 1 reproduction of a Labrador duck, 1 pair of rhinoceros horns — various localities (gift). Davis, D. Dwight, Richton, Illinois: 28 amphibians, 27 shells — Illinois and Colorado (gift). Demaree, Delzie, Jonesboro, Ar- kansas: 182 clams — Arkansas (gift). Dos Passos, Cyril F., Mendham, New Jersey: 39 insects — North America (gift). Drake, Robert J., Albuquerque, New Mexico: 79 shells — New Mexico and Nevada (gift). DucoFF, H. S., Chicago: 112 fishes, 820 shells and Crustacea — South Pacific (gift). Dybas, Henry S., Chicago: 3,753 insects and their allies, 27 shells — various localities (gift). Eigsti, W. E., Hastings, Nebraska: 60 ectoparasitic insects and allies — Hastings, Nebraska (gift). Ellis, A. E., Surrey, England: 39 clams — Europe (exchange). Emerson, John A., Chicago: 1 bird — Chicago (gift). Field, Dr. Henry, Thomasville, Georgia: 1 reptile, 2 amphibians, 37 insects, 97 shells — various localities (gift). Fowler, James A., Washington, D. C: 120 reptiles and amphibians — Maryland and Virginia (exchange). Franzen, Albert J., Chicago: 3 birds — Illinois (gift). Graefe, C. F., Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio: 2 birds- domestic (gift). Gregg, Colonel and Mrs. Clifford C, Valparaiso, Indiana: 1 mammal, 1 amphibian — Valparaiso, Indiana (gift). GuiLLAUDEU, Robert, Chicago: 17 reptiles and amphibians Illinois and Indiana (gift). Gyldenstolpe, Count Nils, Stock- holm, Sweden: 258 birds — South America (exchange). Haas, Ernst B., New York: 37 shells — Gloucester, Massachusetts (gif t) . Haas, Dr. Fritz, Chicago: 36 shells — west coast of North America (gift). Haas, Dr. Georg, Jerusalem, Pales- tine: 68 reptiles — various localities (ex- change); 50 shells — various localities (gift). Haas, Robert L., Chicago: 288 fishes — Illinois (gift). Hagen, Ellsworth, South Pacific: 3 mammals — Marianas Islands (gift). HiNTON, Sam, La Jolla, California: 7 reptiles — California (gift). HOOGSTRAAL, HaRRY, AND S. G. Jewett, Jr., Chicago and Portland, Oregon: 28 birds — Dutch New Guinea (gift). Hotalen, Esther, Chicago: 2 lower invertebrates — Texas (gift). HowORKA, H., Wonder Lake, Illi- nois: 1 mammal — domestic (gift). HuBRiCHT, Leslie, Battle Creek, Michigan: 5 fishes, 1,093 lower in- vertebrates— various localities (gift). Humphreys, Paul, Whiting, Indiana: 4 reptiles — New Mexico (gift). Hurley, John B., Yakima, Wash- ington: 16 sets of birds' eggs — North America (exchange). Illinois Humane Society, Chicago: 1 mammal — Chicago (gift). Jacobsen, Morris K., Rockaway, New York: 19 lower invertebrates — IlHnois (gift). Jewett, Stanley G., Jr., Portland, Oregon: 174 mammals — Dutch New Guinea (gift). Johnson, J. E., Jr., Waco, Texas: 232 reptiles and amphibians — Texas (gift). Johnson, Murray L., Tacoma, Washington: 3 reptile.s — Tacoma, Wash- ington (gift). 99 Just, Dr. Theodor, Oak Park, Illinois: 43 shells — Greece (gift). Kern, Edwin G., Chicago: 4 fishes — Michigan (gift). Klemm, Walter, Strasswalchen, Aus- tria: 1,532 lower invertebrates —Aus- tria (exchange). Kraus, N. L. H., Canal Zone, Panama: 32 reptiles and amphibians, 7 shells — various localities (gift). Kreuger, R., Helsingfors, Finland: 102 sets of birds' eggs — various localities (exchange). KuRFESS, John A., Pensacola, Florida: 34 reptiles, 2 shells — various localities (gift). Laenen, Julian, Brussels, Belgium: 150 birds — various localities (exchange). Levi, Wendell M., Sumter, South Carolina: 7 birds — domestic (gift). Lewy, Dr. Alfred, Chicago: 2 birds — Chicago (gift). Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago: 4 mam- mals, 1 bird, 18 reptiles and amphibians, 26 lower invertebrates — various locali- ties (gift). Lowrie, Dr. D. C, Las Vegas, New Mexico: 71 lower invertebrates — Texas (gift). Lynn, Vernon, Whiting, Indiana: 4 reptiles — Georgia and Indiana (gift). Malkin, Borys, Eugene, Oregon: 180 insects — United States (exchange). Maria, Brother Niceforo, Bogota, Colombia: 16 mammals — Colombia (gift). Martin, Albert Irvin, Altoona, Pennsylvania: 1 reptile — Pennsylvania (gift). McElvare, Rowlan R., Long Is- land, New York: 6 insects — North America (gift). McViCKER, Don, Chicago: 1 mam- mal— Europe (gift). MoojEN, Dr. Joao, Lawrence, Kan- sas: 31 mammals — Brazil (gift). Moseley, Professor E. L., Bowling Green, Ohio: 1 mammal — Ohio (ex- change). Moyer, John W., Chicago: 1 bird — North America (gift). Museo Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil: 1 mammal — Brazil (exchange). MusEu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: 24 reptiles — Brazil (exchange). Museum National d'Historia Naturelle, Paris, France: 5 mammals — Africa and Madagascar (exchange). Necker, Walter L., Chicago: 4,000 insects and their allies —various locali- ties (exchange); 26 lots of lower in- vertebrates— various localities (gift). Nelson, Charles D., Grand Rapids, Michigan: 9 lower invertebrates — Michigan and Indiana (gift). Nelson, Edward M., Madison, Wisconsin: 54 reptiles and amphibians — North America (exchange); 72 fishes, 35 insects and their allies — North America (gift). New York Zoological Society, Bronx, New York: 2 mammals — South America (gift). Nicholson, Dr. Arnold J., Billings, Montana: 1 lower invertebrate — New Caledonia (gift). Odell, Jay, West Lake Forest, Illi- nois: 1 bird — West Lake Forest, Illi- nois (gift). O'Mahony, Eugene, Dublin, Ire- land: 37 insects — England and Ireland (exchange). Osier, Danny, Chicago: 1 reptile — Texas (gift). Parva, v., and J. Caja, Chicago: 1 bird — Chicago (gift). Paulian, Dr. Renaud, Paris, France: 29 insects — various localities (exchange). Plath, Karl, Brookfield, Illinois: 1 right humerus of extinct great auk — Funk Island, Newfoundland (gift). Pope, Clifford H., Winnetka, Illi- nois: 1 mammal — Europe (gift). Potter, Mrs. Jane, Chicago: 1 lower invertebrate — Illinois (gift). QuiNN, Dean, Ainsworth, Nebraska: 2 reptiles — Ainsworth, Nebraska (gift). RiCKETTS, Edward F., Pacific Grove, California: 2 lower invertebrates — Vancouver Island, British Columbia (gift). Rosenbaum, Peter, Winnetka, Illi- nois: 1 amphibian — Porter County, Indiana (gift). Ross, Lillian A., Chicago: 1 mam- mal, 1 reptile, 1 amphibian— Virgin Islands (gift). RuECKERT, Mrs. Arthur G., Chi- cago: 14 insects and their allies — Zolfo Springs, Florida (gift). Sampson, W. B., Stockton, Cali- fornia: 17 clutches of eggs— various localities (gift). 100 Sang, Philip D., River Forest, Illi- nois: 1 bird — Kayanphate, Japan (gift). ScHUBART, Dr. Otto, Sao Paulo, Brazil: 48 lower invertebrates — Sao Paulo, Brazil (gift). SCHWENGEL, Dr. Jeanne S., Scars- dale, New York: 80 shells — various localities (gift). Shedd Aquarium, John G., Chicago: 5 fishes — various localities (gift). Slater, James A., Urbana, Illinois: 19 reptiles, 2 fishes— South Pacific (gift). Smith, Professor Clarence R., Aurora, Illinois: 3 mammals, 6 reptiles and amphibians — Illinois (gift). State Natural History Survey: Urbana, Illinois: 54 insects — Mexico (gift). Stevens, George M., Marcella, Arkansas: 1 mammal — Arkansas (gift). Steyermark, Dr. Julian A., Bar- rington, Illinois: 1 snail — Illinois (gift). Story, H. Elizabeth, Chicago: 1 fish — Chicago (gift). Terra, Dr. Helmut de, Mexico, D. F., Mexico: 20 shells— Mexico (gift). Torre, Luis de la, Highland Park, Illinois: 4 mammals — Wisconsin (gift). Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, South Africa: 2 mammals — South Africa (ex- change). Trapido, Harold, Panama, Panama: 10 reptiles and amphibians Puerto Rico (gift). Traub, Captain Robert, 10 mam- mals, 2 insects— Mexico (gift). United States National Museum, Washington, D. C, 9 reptiles— Syria (gift). University of Cincinnati, Cincin- nati, Ohio: 2 bird.s — Europe (exchange). VAN DER Schalie, Dr. Henry, Ann Arbor, Michigan: 35 lower inverte- brates—Kentucky (gift). Warner, Dwain Willard, Ithaca, New York: 1 mammal - Mexico (gift). Wenzel, Rupert L., Oak Park, Illinois: 58 insects— various localities (gift). Westman, Burton J., Etna, Cali- fornia: 1 rattlesnake skin — California (gift). Williams, Dr. E. C, Chicago: 37 insects — Chicago (gift). Winn, Mr. and Mrs. John W., Chicago: 7 reptiles and amphibians, 237 fishes, 5 lots of lower invertebrates — Illinois and Michigan (gift). Wright, Major Howard T., Japan: 308 insects and their allies — Japan (gift). Wyatt, Alex K., Chicago: 152 in- sects— United States (gift). YouNGREN, Emil W., Chicago: 1 fish — Chicago (gift). Zimring, Daniel J., Chicago: 18 shells — Florida (gift). James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation — Accessions Bazzoni, Frank, Ottawa, Illinois: 4 color slides (gift). Carlson, Dr. C. Margery, Evans- ton, Illinois: 38 color slides (purchase). Chicago Natural History Museum : 19 color slides, made by Division of Photography. DiEMER Studios, Madison, Wiscon- sin: 2 color slides (purchase). Eastman Kodak Stores, Chicago: 120 color slides (purchase). Fuguet, William D., New York: 1 color slide (gift). Gibbons, S. L., Chicago: 13 color slides (gift). Howe, Charles Albee, Home- wood, Illinois: 535 color slides (gift). Johnson, H. J., Chicago: 10 color slides (gift). Medberg, Mrs. H. L., Armington, Illinois: 2 color slides (gift). Osgood, R. M., Chicago: 1 color slide (gift). Parker, G. W., Bloomington, Illi- nois: 47 color slides (gift). Society for Visual Education, Chicago: 70 color slides (purchase). TuRTOX Biological Supply House, Chicago: 3 color slides (purchase). 101 Division of Photography — Accessions Chicago Natural History Museum : Made by Division of Photography: 1,108 negatives, 19,555 prints, 1,318 en- largements, 215 lantern slides, 65 koda- chromes; 26 rolls of film developed. Made by John Bayalis: 6 negatives of children at the James Simpson Theatre in the Museum. Division of Motion Pictures — Accessions American Museum of Natural History, New York; 2,900 feet 16mm film (purchase). Chicago Natural History Museum : Made by Division of Motion Pic- tures: 1,800 feet 16mm color film (Southwest Archaeological Expedition, 1947); 200 feet 16mm film, 200 feet 16mm color film (Museum project). Eastman Kodak Stores, Chicago: 275 feet 16mm film (purchase). Gray, Ralph E., Mexico, D. F., Mexico: 400 feet 16mm color film (purchase). Millar, John R., Chicago: 625 feet 16mm film (gift). Schmidt, Karl P., Homewood, Illi- nois: 200 feet 16mm film, 100 feet 16mm film (gift). Shurcliff, Sidney N., Ipswich, Massachusetts: 2,400 feet 16mm film (gift). Zeiter, Hugo, Danville, Illinois: 975 feet 16mm film (gift). Library Accessions — List of Donors: Institutions Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C. Consulat General de France, Chicago Melbourne Botanic Garden, Melbourne, Australia Middle America Information Bureau (United Fruit Company), New York National Gallery of Art, Washington, D. C. National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada New Hampshire Planning and Develop- ment Commission, Concord, New Hampshire Pioneer Hi-Bred Corn Company, Des Moines, Iowa Polish American Congress, Inc., Chicago Propeller Club of the United States, New York Sudan Government, Khartoum, Egyp- tian Sudan U. S. Brewers Foundation, Inc., New York University of Chicago Library, Chicago University of Minnesota Press, Minne- apolis Library Accessions — List of Donors: Individuals Ames, Oakes, Cambridge, Massachu- setts Carson, Mrs. Frank W., Pasadena, California Benesch, B., Downey, lUinois ^olby, Carl, Loyol, Wisconsin Brumfield, Stanton C, Santa Fe, Collier, Donald, Chicago New Mexico Coremans, P., Brussels, Belgium 102 Cory, Charles B., Homewood, Illinois Conover, Boardman, Chicago Conover, Margaret, Chicago Cuatrecasas, Dr. Jose, Chicago Fehringer, Dr. Otto, Heidelberg, Ger- many Field, Dr. Henry, Thomasville, Georgia Field, Stanley, Chicago Franco, Modesto Chavez, Guayaquil, Ecuador Gregg, Colonel Clifford C, Valparaiso, Indiana Gusinde, Martin, Laxenburg, Austria Haas, Dr. Fritz, Chicago Hambly, Dr. Wilfrid D., Chicago Hitt, Henry C, Seattle, Washington Hoogstraal, Harry, Chicago Hoyne, Mrs. Thomas Temple, Chicago Hubbs, Carl L., La Jolla, California Just, Dr. Theodor, Oak Park, Illinois Kraft, James Lewis, New York Mazur, A., Chicago McAtee, Dr. Waldo L., Chicago Neylan, John Francis, San Francisco Nichols, Dr. H. W., Chicago Perry, Stuart H., Tucson, Arizona Rand, Dr. Austin L., Chesterton, In- diana Richardson, Eugene S., Jr., Winnetka, Illinois Schmidt, Karl P., Homewood, Illinois Standley, Paul C, Chicago Steyermark, Dr. Julian A., Barrington, Illinois Story, H. Elizabeth, Chicago Weed, Alfred C, Cassadaga, Florida Wenzel, Rupert L., Oak Park, Illinois Wright, Major Howard T., San Fran- cisco 103 Contributions and Bequests Contributions and bequests to Chicago Natural History Museum may be made in securities, money, books, or collections. They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to a person or cause, to be named by the giver. For those desirous of making bequests to the Museum, the following form is suggested : FORM OF BEQUEST I do hereby give and bequeath to Chicago Natural History Museum of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois: Cash contributions made within the taxable year to Chicago Natural History Museum to an amount not in excess of 15 per cent of the taxpayer's net income are allowable as deductions in computing net income for federal income tax. Endowments may be made to the Museum with the provision that an annuity be paid to the patron during his or her lifetime. These annuities are guaranteed against fluctua- tion in amount, and may reduce federal income taxes. 104 MEMBERS OF THE MUSEUM FOUNDER Marshall Field* BENEFACTORS Those who have contributed $100,000 or more to the Museum Ayer, Edward E.* Buckingham, Miss Kate S.* Crane, Cornelius Crane, R. T., Jr.* Field, Joseph N.* Field, Marshall Field, Stanley Graham, Ernest R.* * Deceased Harris, Albert W. Harris, Norman W.* Higinbotham,HarlowN.* Kelley, William V.* Pullman, George M.* Rawson, Frederick H.* Raymond, Mrs. Anna Louise Raymond, James Nelson* Ryerson, Martin A.* Ryerson, Mrs. Martin A.* Simpson, James* Smith, Mrs. Frances Gaylord* Smith, George T.* Sturges, Mrs. Mary D.* Suarez, Mrs. Diego HONORARY MEMBERS Those who have rendered eminent service to Science Cutting, C. Suydam Field, Marshall Field, Stanley Harris, Albert W. Ludwig, H. R. H. Gustaf Adolf, Crown Prince of Sweden Deceased, 1947 McCormick, Stanley Sargent, Homer E. Suarez, Mrs. Diego Vernay, Arthur S. Calderini, Charles J. Chadbourne, Mrs. Emily Crane Chancellor, Philip M. Cherrie, George K. Collins, Alfred M. Conover, Boardman Cutting, C. Suydam PATRONS Those who have rendered eminent service to the Museum Day, Lee Garnett Ellsworth, Duncan S. Field, Mrs. Stanley Hancock, G. Allan Judson, Clay Deceased, 1947 Hack, Frederick C. Knight, Charles R. Moore, Mrs. William H. Sargent, Homer E. Suarez, Mrs. Diego Vernay, Arthur S. White, Harold A. 105 CORRESPONDING MEMBERS Scientists or patrons of science, residing in foreign countries, ivho have rendered Breuil, Abbe Henri Hochreutiner, Dr. B. P. Georges eminent service to the Museum Humbert, Professor Henri Keissler, Dr. Karl Deceased, 1947 Christensen, Dr. Carl Diels, Dr. Ludwig Keith, Professor Sir Arthur CONTRIBUTORS Those who have contributed $1,000 to $100,000 to the Museum in money or materials $75,000 to $100,000 Chancellor, Philip M. $50,000 to $75,000 Keep, Chauncey* Rosenwald, Mrs. Augusta N.* $25,000 to $50,000 Adams, Mrs. Edith Almy* Blackstone, Mrs. Timothy B.* Chalmers, Mrs. Joan A.* Coats, John* Crane, Charles R.* Crane, Mrs. R. T., Jr. Field, Mrs. Stanley Jones, Arthur B.* Murphy, Walter P.* Porter, George F.* Rosenwald, Julius* Vernay, Arthur S. White, Harold A. $10,000 to $25,000 Adams, Joseph* Armour, Allison V.* Armour, P. D.* Babcock, Mrs. Abby K.* * Deceased Barnes, R. Magoon* Bartlett, Miss Florence Dibell Chadbourne, Mrs. Emily Crane Chalmers, William J.* Conover, Boardman Cummings, R. F.* Cutting, C. Suydam Everard, R. T.* Gunsaulus, Dr. F. W.* Insull, Samuel* Laufer, Dr. Berthold* Lufkin, Wallace W.* Mandel, Leon McCormick, Cyrus (Estate) McCormick, Stanley Mitchell, John J.* Reese, Lewis* Remmer, Oscar E.* Richards, Elmer J. Robb, Mrs. George W.* Rockefeller Foundation, The Sargent, Homer E. Schweppe, Mrs. Charles H.* Straus, Mrs. Oscar S.* Strong, Walter A.* Wrigley, William, Jr.* $5,000 to $10,000 Adams, George E.* Adams, Milward* American Friends of China Avery, Sewell L. Bartlett, A. C* Bishop, Heber (Estate) Borland, Mrs. John Jay* Crane, R. T.* Doane, J. W.* Field, Dr. Henry Fuller, William A.* Graves, George Coe, II* Harris, Hayden B. Harris, Norman Dwight Harris, Mrs. Norman W.* Haskell, Frederick T.* Hutchinson, C. L.* Keith, Edson* Langtry, J. C. MacLean, Mrs. M. Haddon* Moore, Mrs. William H. Payne, John Barton* Pearsons, D. K.* Perry, Stuart H. Porter, H. H.* Ream, Norman B.* Revell, Alexander H.* Richards, Donald Salie, Prince M. U. M. Sprague, A. A.* Storey, William Benson* Strawn, Silas H.* Street, William S. 106 CONTRIBUTORS (Continued) Thorne, Bruce Tree, Lambert* Valentine, Louis L.* Watkins, Rush $1,000 to $5,000 Acosta Soils, Dr. M. Avery, Miss Clara A.* Ayer, Mrs. Edward E.* Barr, Mrs. Roy Evan Barrett, Samuel E.* Bensabott, R., Inc. Bishop, Dr. Louis B. Blair, Watson F.* Blaschke, Stanley Field Block, Mrs. Helen M.* Borden, John Brown, Charles Edward* Cahn, Dr. Alvin R. Chicago Zoological Society, The Coburn, Mrs. Annie S.* Crocker, Templeton Cummings, Mrs. Robert F.* Doering, O. C. Fish, Mrs. Frederick S. * Deceased Graves, Henry, Jr. Gunsaulus, Miss Helen Gurley, William F. E.* Herz, Arthur Wolf* Hibbard, W. G.* Higginson, Mrs. Charles M.* Hill, James J.* Hinde, Thomas W. Hixon, Frank P.* Hoffman, Miss Malvina Hughes, Thomas S. Jackson, Huntington W.* James, F. G. James, S. L. Knickerbocker, Charles K.* Kraft, James L. Lee Ling Yiin Lerner, Michael Look, Alfred A. MacLean, Haddon H. Mandel, Fred L., Jr. Manierre, George* Marshall, Dr. Ruth Martin, Alfred T.* McCormick, Cyrus H.* McCormick, Mrs. Cyrus* Mitchell, Clarence B. Ogden, Mrs. Frances E.* Osgood, Dr. Wilfred H." Palmer, Potter* Patten, Henry J.* Prentice, Mrs. Clarence C. Rauchfuss, Charles F.* Raymond, Charles E.* Reynolds, Earle H.* Richardson, Dr. Maurice L. Rumely, William N.* Schapiro, Dr. Louis* Schwab, Martin C* Schweppe, Charles H.* Shaw, William W. Sherff, Dr. Earl E. Smith, Byron L.* Sprague, Albert A.* Steyermark, Dr. Julian A. Thompson, E. H.* Thorne, Mrs. Louise E. Traylor, Melvin A., Jr. VanValzah, Dr. Robert VonFrantzius, Fritz* Wheeler, Leslie* Willis, L. M. Wolcott, Albert B. Zangerl, Dr. Rainer CORPORATE MEMBERS Armour, Lester Avery, Sewell L. Blair, W. McCormick Block, Leopold E. Borden, John Calderini, Charles J. Chadbourne, Mrs. Emily Crane Chancellor, Philip M. Cherrie, George K. ColHns, Alfred M. Conover, Boardman Cummings, Walter J. Cutting, C. Suydam Day, Lee Garnett Dick, Albert B., Jr. Ellsworth, Duncan S. Fenton, Howard W. Field, Joseph N. Field, Marshall Field, Marshall, Jr. Field, Stanley Field, Mrs. Stanley Hancock, G. Allan Harris, Albert W. Insull, Samuel, Jr. Isham, Henry P. Judson, Clay Deceased, 1947 Hack, Frederick C. Knight, Charles R. McBain, Hughston M. Mitchell, William H. Moore, Mrs. William H. Randall, Clarence B. Richardson, George A. Sargent, Homer E. Smith, Solomon A. Suarez, Mrs. Diego Vernay, Arthur S. Wetten, Albert H. White, Harold A. Wilson, John P. 107 LIFE MEMBERS Those who have contributed $500 to the Museum Adler, Max Allerton, Robert H. Armour, A. Watson Armour, Lester Armour, Mrs. Ogden Ascoli, Mrs. Max Asher, Louis E. Avery, Sewell L. Babson, Henry B. Bacon, Edward Richardson, Jr. Banks, Alexander F. Barnhart, Miss Gracia M. F. Barr, Mrs. Roy Evan Barrett, Mrs. A. D. Barrett, Robert L. Bartlett, Miss Florence Dibell Baur, Mrs. Jacob Bensabott, R. Bermingham, Edward J. Blaine, Mrs. Emmons Blair, Chauncey B. Block, Leopold E. Borden, John Borland, Chauncey B. Brassert, Herman A. Brewster, Walter S. Browne, Aldis J. Buchanan, D. W. Budd, Britton L Burnham, John Burt, William G. Butler, Julius W. Butler, Rush C. Carpenter, Augustus A. Carpenter, Mrs. John Alden Carr, George R. Carr, Walter S. Casalis, Mrs. Maurice Chatfield-Taylor, Wayne Clegg, William G. Clegg, Mrs. William G. Connor, Ronnoc Hill Conover, Boardman Cook, Mrs. Daphne Field Corley, F. D. Cramer, Corwith Crossett, Edward C. Crossley, Lady Josephine Crossley, Sir Kenneth Cudahy, Edward A. Cummings, Walter J. Cunningham, James D. Gushing, Charles G. Dawes, Charles G. Dawes, Henry M. Decker, Alfred Delano, Frederic A. Dick, Albert B., Jr. Dierssen, Ferdinand W. Dixon, Homer L. Donnelley, Thomas E. Doyle, Edward J. Drake, John B. Durand, Scott S. Edmunds, Philip S. Ely, Mrs. C. Morse Epstein, Max Ewing, Charles Hull Farr, Newton Camp Farr, Miss Shirley Fay, C. N. Fenton, Howard W. Fentress, Calvin Fernald, Charles Field, Joseph N. Field, Marshall Field, Marshall, Jr. Field, Norman Field, Mrs. Norman Field, Stanley Field, Mrs. Stanley Gardner, Robert A. Gilbert, Huntly H. Glore, Charles F. Gowing, J. Parker Hamill, Alfred E. Harris, Albert W. Harris, Norman W. Hayes, WiUiam F. Hecht, Frank A. Hemmens, Mrs. Walter P. Hibbard, Frank Hickox, Mrs. Charles V, Hill, Louis W. Hinde, Thomas W. Hopkins, L. J. Horowitz, L. J. Hoyt, N. Landon Hughes, Thomas S. Hutchins, James C. Insull, Samuel, Jr. Jarnagin, William N. Jelke, John F., Jr. Joiner, Theodore E. Jones, Miss Gwethalyn Kelley, Russell P. Kidston, William H. King, James G. Kirk, Walter RadclifTe Ladd, John Lamont, Robert P. Lehmann, E. J. Leonard, Clifford M. Levy, Mrs. David M. Linn, Mrs. Dorothy C. Logan, Spencer H. Lytton, Henry C. MacDowell, Charles H. MacLeish, John E. MacVeagh, Fames Madlener, Mrs. Albert F. Mason, William S. McBain, Hughston M. McCutcheon, John T. McGann, Mrs. Robert G. Mclnnerney, Thomas H. McKinlay, John Meyer, Carl Meyne, Gerhardt F. Mitchell, William H. Moore, Edward S. Morse, Charles H. Morton, Mark Munroe, Charles A. Newell, A. B. Ormsby, Dr. Oliver S. Orr, Robert M. Paesch, Charles A. Palmer, Honore Pick, Albert Poppenhusen, Conrad H. Prentice, Mrs. Clarence C. Raymond, Mrs. Anna Louise Rinaldo, Mrs. Philip S. Robinson, Theodore W. Rodman, Mrs. Katherine Field Rodman, Thomas Clifford Rosenwald, William Rubloff, Arthur Ryerson, Edward L., Jr. Seabury, Charles W. Shirk, Joseph H. Simpson, William B. Smith, Alexander Smith, Solomon A. Spalding, Keith 108 LIFE MEMBERS {Continued) Spalding, Vaughan C. Sprague, Mrs. Albert Stuart, Harry L. Stuart, John Stuart, R. Douglas Sturges, George Swift, Charles H. Swift, Harold H, Thorne, Charles H. Thorne, Robert J. Cudahy, Joseph M. Gary, Mrs. John W. Goodspeed, Charles B. Hack, Frederick C. Tree, Ronald L. F. Tyson, Russell Uihlein, Edgar J. Underwood, Morgan P. Veatch, George L. Wanner, Harry C. Ward, P. C. Welch, Mrs. Edwin P. Welling, John P. Deceased, 1947 Hamill, Mrs. Ernest A. Hopkins, J. M. Insull, Martin J. McCormick, Stanley McNulty, T. J. Whitney, Mrs. Julia L. Wick wire, Mrs. Edward L. Wieboldt, William A. Willard, Alonzo J. Willits, Ward W. WiLson, John P. Wilson, Thomas E. Winston, Garrard B. Woolley, Clarence M. Wrigley, Philip K. Nikolas, G. J. Stewart, Robert W. Winter, Wallace C. Yates, David M. NON^RESIDENT LIFE MEMBERS Those, residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, who have contributed $100 to the Museum Bennett, Mrs. Irene Stark Coolidge, Harold J., Jr. Gregg, John Wyatt Hearne, Knox Holloman, Mrs. Delmar W. Johnson, Herbert F., Jr. Maxwell, Gilbert S. Osgood, Mrs. Cornelius Richardson, Dr. Maurice L. Deceased, 1947 Copley, Ira Cliff Rosenwald, Lessing J. Sardeson, Orville A. Stephens, W. C. Stern, Mrs. Edgar B. Vernay, Arthur S. Zerk, Oscar U. ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Those who have contributed $100 to the Museum Aaron, Charles Aaron, Ely M. Abbott, Donald Putnam, Jr. Abbott, Gordon C. Abbott, W. Rufus Abbott, William L. Abeles, Mrs. Jerome G. Abrahamsen, Miss Cora Abrams, Duff A. Ackerman, Charles N. Adamick, Gustave H. Adams, Mrs. Charles S. Adams, Mrs. David T. Adams, Mrs. Frances Sprogle Adams, Miss Jane Adams, John Q. Adams, Mrs. S. H. Adams, Mrs. Samuel Adams, William C. Adamson, Henry T. Adler, David Adler, Mrs. Max Ahlschlager, Walter W. Alden, William T. Aldis, Graham Alexander, Mrs. Arline V. Alexander, Edward 109 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued) Alexander, William H. Alford, Mrs. Laura T. C. Allbright, John G. Allen, Mrs. Fred G. Allensworth, A. P. Allin, J. J. Allison, Mrs. William M Alsip, Mrs. Charles H. Alter, Harry Alton, Carol W. Ames, Rev. Edward S. Anderson, Mrs. A. W. Anderson, Mrs. Alma K. Anderson, Miss Florence Regina Andreen, Otto C. Andrews, Mrs. E. C. Andrews, Milton H. Angelopoulos, Archie Anstiss, George P. Antrim, E. M. Appelt, Mrs. Jessie E. Armbrust, John T. Armour, A. Watson, III Armour, Laurance H. Armour, Philip D. Armstrong, Mrs. Julian Armstrong, Kenneth E. Arn, W. G. Arnold, Mrs. Lloyd Artingstall, Samuel G. Ascher, Fred Ashenhurst, Harold S. Asher, Norman Aurelius, Mrs. Marcus A. Austin, E. F. Avery, George J. Ayres, Robert B. Babb, W. E. Babson, Mrs. Gustavus Bachmann, Mrs. Harrold A. Bachmeyer, Dr. Arthur C. Back, Miss Maude F. Bacon, Dr. Alfons R. Badger, Shreve Cowles Baer, David E. Baer, Mervin K. Baer, Walter S. Bagby, John C. Baggaley, William Blair Bair, W. P. Baird, Harry K. Baker, Mrs. Alfred L. Baker, G. W. Baker, Greeley Baldwin, Vincent Curtis Balgemann, Otto W. Balkin, Louis Ball, Dr. Fred E. Ballard, Mrs. Foster K. Ballanger, A. G. Banes, W. C. Banks, Edgar C. Bannister, Miss Ruth D. Bantsolas, John N. Barber, Phil C. Bargquist, Miss Lillian D. Barkhausen, L. H. Barnes, Cecil Barnes, Mrs. Charles Osborne Barnes, Harold O. Barnhart, Mrs. A. M. Barnum, Harry H. Barr, Mrs. Alfred H. Barr, George Barrett, Mrs. Arthur M. Barrett, Mrs. Harold G. Barthell, Gary Bartholomae, Mrs. Emma Bartholomay, F. H. Bartholomay, Henry Bartholomay, Mrs. William, Jr. Bartlett, Frederic C. Barton, Mrs. Enos M. Basile, William B. Basta, George A. Bastian, Charles L. Bastien, A. E. Bateman, Floyd L. Bates, Mrs. A. M. Bates, Joseph A. Battey, Paul L. Baum, Mrs. James E. Baum, Wilhelm Baumann, Harry P. Bausch, William C. Beach, Miss Bess K. Beach, E. Chandler Beachy, Mrs. Walter F. Beck, Alexander Becker, Benjamin F. Becker, Benjamin V. Becker, Frederick G. Becker, Herman T. Becker, James H. Becker, Louis Becker, Louis L. Beckler, R. M. Beckman, Victor A. Beckman, William H. Beddoes, Hubert Behr, Mrs. Edith Beidler, Francis, II Belden, Joseph C., Jr. Bell, Mrs. Laird Benjamin, Jack A. Benner, Harry Bennett, S. A. Bennett, Professor J. Gardner Benson, John Benson, Mrs. Thaddeus R. Bent, John P. Bentley, Mrs. Cyrus Benton, Miss Mabel M. Berend, George F. Berkely, Dr. J. G. Berkson, Mrs. Maurice Berry, V. D. Bersbach, Elmer S. Bertol, Miss Aurelia Bertschinger, Dr. C. F. Besly, Mrs. C. H. Bettman, Dr. Ralph B. Bichl, Thomas A. Biddle, Robert C. Biehn, Dr. J. F. Bigler, Mrs. Albert J. Biggs, Mrs. Joseph H. Billow, Miss Virginia Bird, Miss Frances Birk, Miss Amelia Birk, Frank J. Bishop, Howard P. Bishop, Miss Martha V. Bittel, Mrs. Frank J. Bixby, Edward Randall Blackburn, Oliver A. Blair, Mrs. M. Barbour Blair, W. McCormick Blair, Wolcott Blatchford, Carter Blatchford, Dr. Frank Wicks Blayney, Thomas C. Blecker, Mrs. Michael, Jr. Blessing, Dr. Robert Block, Joseph L. Block, Leigh B. Block, Mrs. Leigh B. Block, PhiHp D., Jr. Bloom, Mrs. Leopold Bloss, Mrs. Sidney M. Bluford, Mrs. David Blum, Harry H. Blunt, J. E., Jr. Bluthardt, Edwin Boal, Ayres Boal, Stewart Boericke, Mrs. Anna Boettcher, Arthur H. Bohasseck, Charles Bohrer, Randolph Bolotin, Hyman Bolten, Paul H. Bondy, Berthold Boomer, Dr. Paul C. 110 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued) Boone, Arthur Booth, Alfred V. Booth, George E. Borg, George W. Bori, Mrs. Albert V. Borland, Mrs. Bruce Borowitz, David Borwell, Robert C. Bosch, Charles Bosch, Mrs. Henry Bosworth, Mrs. Roland I. Botts, Graeme G. Boulton, Mrs. Rudyerd Bousa, Dr. Bohuslav Bowen, Mrs. Louise DeKoven Bowers, Ralph E. Bowman, Johnston A. Bovack, Harry Boyd, Mrs. T. Kenneth Boyden, Miss Ellen Webb Boyden, Miss Rosalie Sturges Boynton, A. J. BoVnton, Frederick P. Brach, Mrs. F. V. Bradley, Mrs. A. Ballard Bradley, Charles E. Bradley, Mrs. Natalie Blair Higinbotham Brainerd, Mrs. Arthur T. Bramble, Delhi G. C. Brand, Mrs. Maude G. Brandt, Charles H. Bransfield, John J. Brauer, Mrs. Paul Breckinridge, Professor S. P. Bremner, Mrs. David F. Brendecke, Miss June Brenner, S. L. Brennom, Dr. Elmo F. Brennwasser, S. M. Brenza, Miss Mary Brewer, Mrs. Angeline L. Breyer, Mrs. Theodor Bridges, Arnold Briggs, Mrs. Gertrude Bristol, James T. Brock, A. J. Brodribb, Lawrence C. Brodsky, J. J. Brostoff, Harry M. Brown, A. Wilder Brown, Mrs. C. H. Brown, Christy Brown, Mrs. Everett C. Brown, John T. Brown, Dr. Joshua M. Brown, Mark A. Brown, Scott Brown, William F. Brucker, Dr. Edward A. Bruckner, William T. Brugman, John J. Bruhn, H. C. Brundage, Avery Brunswick, Larry Bryant, John J., Jr. BuchncT, Dr. E. M. Buck, Guy R. Buck, Nelson Leroy Buckley, Mrs. Warren Bucklin, Mrs. Vail R. Buddig, Carl Buehler, H. L. Buettner, Walter J. Bufiington, Mrs. Margaret A. Buhmann, Gilbert G. Bunge, Mrs. Albert J. Bunte, Mrs. Theodore W. Burbott, E. W. Burch, Clayton B. Burchmore, John S. Burdick, Mrs. Alfred S. Burgmeier, John M. Burgstreser, Newton Burgweger, Mrs. Meta Dewes Burke, Mrs. Lawrence N. Burke, Webster H. Burley, Mrs. Clarence A. Burns, Mrs. Randall W. Burry, William Bush, Mrs. William H. Butler, Burridge D. Butler, Mrs. Hermon B. Butler, John M. Butler, Paul Butz, Herbert R. Butz, Theodore C. Butzow, Mrs. Robert C. Byrne, Miss Margaret H. Cahn, Dr. Alvin R. Cahn, Bertram J. Cahn, Morton D. Caine, John F. Caine, Leon J. Callender, Mrs. Joseph E. Calmeyn, Frank B. Camenisch, Miss Sophia C. Cameron, Dr. Dan U. Cameron, Will J. Camp, Mrs. Arthur Royce Campbell, Delwin M. Campbell, Herbert J. Canby, Caleb H., Jr. Canman, Richard W. Canmann, Mrs. Harry L. Capes, Lawrence R. Capps, Dr. Joseph A. Cardelli, Mrs. Giovanni Carlin, Leo J. Carmell, Daniel D. Carney, William Roy Caron, O. J. Carpenter, Mrs. Frederic Ives Carpenter, Mrs. George A. Carpenter, George Sturges Carpenter, Hubbard Carqueville, Mrs. A. R. Carr, Mrs. Clyde M. Carr, Robert A. Carroll, John A. Carry, Joseph C. Carter, Mrs. ArmisteadB. Carton, Alfred T. Cary, Dr. Eugene Castle, Alfred C. Castruccio, Giuseppe Gates, Dudley Cederlund, R. Stanley Cerling, Fredolph A. Cernoch, Frank Chandler, Henry P. Chapin, William Arthur Chapman, Arthur E. Chatain, Robert N. Cheney, Dr. Henry W. Chenier, Miss Mizpah Cherones, George D. Cherry, Walter L., Jr. Childs, Mrs. C. Frederick Childs, Mrs. George W. Chinlund, Miss Ruth E. Chinnock, Mrs. Ronald J. Chislett, Miss Kate E. Christensen, E. C. Christiansen, Dr. Henry Chritton, George A. Churan, Charles A. Clare, Carl P. Clark, Ainsworth W. Clark, Miss Alice Keep Clark, Charles V. Clark, Mrs. Edward S. Clark, Edwin H. Clark, Willard F. Clarke, Charles F. Clarke, Harley L. Clay, John Clemen, Dr. Rudolph A. Cleveland, Paul W. Clifford, Fred J., Jr. Clinch, Duncan L. Clithero, W. S. Clonick, Abraham J. Ill ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued) Clonick, Seymour E. Clough, William H. Clow, Mrs. Harry B. Clow, William E., Jr. Coath, V. W. Cochran, John L. Coffin, Fred Y. Cohen, George B. Cohen, Mrs. L. Lewis Colburn, Frederick S. Colby, Mrs. George E. Coldren, Clifton C. Cole, Sidney I. Coleman, Clarence L., Jr. Coleman, Dr. George H. Coleman, Mrs. John Coleman, Loring W. Coleman, Maryin H. Colianni, Paul V. ColUns, Beryl B. Collison, E. K. Colyin, Miss Catharine Colyin, Miss Jessie Colyin, Mrs. William H. Colwell, Clyde C. Compton, Mrs. Arthur H. Compton, D. M. Compton, Frank E. Condon, Mrs. James G. Conger, Miss Cornelia Conkey, Henry P. Connell, P. G. Conners, Harry Connor, Mrs. Clara A. Connor, Frank H. Cook, Miss Alice B. Cook, Mrs. Dayid S. Cook, Jonathan Miller Cook, L. Charles Cook, Louis T. Cook, Thomas H. Cooke, Charles E. Cooke, Miss Flora Cooley, Gordon A. Coolidge, Miss Alice Coolidge, E. Channing Coolidge, Dr. Edgar D. Coombs, James F. Coonley, John Stuart Coonley, Prentiss L. Cooper, Samuel Copland, Dayid Corbett, Mrs. William J. Cornell, Dr. Edward L. Cornell, Mrs. John E. Cosford, Thomas H. Coston, James E. Cowan, Mrs. Grace L. Cowen, Maurice L. Cowles, Knight C. Cox, James C. Cox, William D. Coyle, C. H. Cragg, Mrs. George L. Crane, Charles R., II Creange, A. L. Crego, Mrs. Dominica S Crilly, Edgar Cromwell, Miss Juliette Cubbins, Dr. William R. Cudahy, Edward I. Cummings, Mrs. D. Mark Cummings, Mrs Frances S. Cuneo, John F. Curran, Harry R. Curtis, Austin Guthrie, Jr. Curtis, Mrs. Charles S. Cusack, Harold Gushing, John Caleb Cushman, Barney Cutler, Henry E. Cuttle, Harold E. Daemicke, Mrs. Irwin Paul Dahlberg, Bror G. Daily, Richard Daley, Harry C. Dalmar, Mrs. Hugo Dalmar, Hugo, Jr. Dammann, J. F. Danforth, Dr. William C. Dangel, W. H. Danielson, Philip A. Danne, William C, Jr. Dantzig, Leonard P. D'Aquila, George Darbo, Howard H. Darrow, Paul E. Dashiell, C. R. Daughaday, C. Colton Dayey, Mrs. Bruce E. Dayid, Dr. Vernon C. Dayidson, Dayid W. Davidson, Miss Mary E Dayies, Marshall Dayis, Arthur Dayis, C. S. Davis, Dr. Carl B. Davis, Don L. Davis, Frank S. Davis, Dr. Loyal Davis, Dr. Nathan S., Ill Deahl, Uriah S. Deane, Mrs. Ruthven Decker, Charles O. DeCosta, Lewis M. deDardel, Carl O. Dee, Thomas J. Degen, David DeGoIyer, Robert S. deKoven, Mrs. John DeLemon, H. R. Delph, Dr. John F. Demaree, H. S. Deming, Everett G. Dempster, Mrs. Charles W. Deneen, Mrs. Charles S. Denison, Mrs. John Porter Denkewalter, W. E. Denman, Mrs. Burt J. Dennehy, Thomas C, Jr. Denney, Ellis H. Deslsles, Mrs. Carrie L. Deutsch, Mrs. Percy L. DeVries, David Dick, Edison Dick, Elmer J. Dick, Mrs. Homer T. Dickey, Roy Dickinson, F. R. Dickinson, Robert B. Dickinson, Mrs. Thompson Diestel, Mrs. Herman Dimick, Miss Elizabeth Dimmer, Miss Elizabeth G. Dixon, George W., Jr. Dixon, Mrs. William Warren Doctor, Isidor Dodge, Mrs. Paul C. Doering, Otto C. Doetsch, Miss Anna Dolese, Mrs. John Donker, Mrs. William Donlon, Mrs. Stephen E. Donnelley, Gaylord Donnelley, Mrs. H. P. Donnelley, Miss Naomi Donohue, Edgar T. Donohue, William F. Dornbusch, Charles H. Dorocke, Joseph, Jr. Dorschel, Q. P. Douglas, James H., Jr. Douglass, Kingman Douglass, Mrs. W. A. Dreutzer, Carl Drever, Thomas Dreyfus, Mrs. Moise Dryden, Mrs. George B. Dubbs, C. P. DuBois, Laurence M. Dudley, Laurence H. Dulany, George W., Jr. Dulsky, Mrs. Samuel Dunbaugh, Harry J. 112 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued) Duncan, Albert G. Duner, Joseph A. Dunham, Robert J. Dunlop, Mrs. Simpson Dunn, Samuel O. Dupee, Mrs. F. Kennett Durand, Mrs. N. E. Durbin, Fletcher M. Easterberg, C. J. Eastman, Mrs. George H. Eaton, J. Frank Ebeling, Frederic O. Eckhart, Percy B. Eckstein, Mrs. Louis Eddy, Thomas H. Edwards, Miss Edith E. Edwards, Kenneth P. Egan, William B. Egloff, Dr. Gustav Eichengreen, Edmund K. Eiseman, Fred R. Eisenberg, Sam J. Eisendrath, Edwin W. Eisendrath, Miss Elsa B. Eisendrath, Robert M. Eisendrath, William B. Eisenschiml, Mrs. Otto Eisenstaedt, Harry Eisenstein, Sol Eitel, Karl Eitel, Max Elcock, Mrs. Edward G. Elenbogen, Herman Elich, Robert William Ellbogen, Miss Celia Elliott, Dr. Clinton A. EHiott, Frank R. Ellis, Howard Elting, Howard Embree, Henry S. Embree, J. W., Jr. Emery, Edward W. Emmerich, Miss Clara L. Engberg, Miss Ruth M. Engel, Miss Henrietta Engstrom, Harold Erdmann, Mrs. C. Pardee Erickson, Donovan Y. Ericson, Mrs. Chester F. Ericsson, Clarence Ericsson, Dewey A. Ericsson, Walter H. Ernst, Mrs. Leo Erskine, Albert DeWolf Etten, Henry C. Evans, Miss Anna B. Evans, Mrs. David Evans, David J. Evans, Eliot H. Evans, Evan A. Fabian, Francis G. Fabrice, Edward H. Fabry, Herman Fackt, Mrs. George P. Fader, A. L. Faget, James E. Faherty, Roger Faithorn, Walter E. Falk, Miss Amy Fallon, Dr. W. Raymond Falls, Dr. A. G. Farnham, Mrs. Harry J. Farrell, Mrs. B. J. Faulkner, Charles J. Faulkner, Miss Elizabeth Faurot, Henry Faurot, Henry, Jr. Favill, Mrs. John Fecke, Mrs. Frank J. Feiwell, Morris E. Felix, Benjamin B. Fellows, William K. Felsenthal, Edward George Feltman, Charles H. Fennekohl, Mrs. Arthur C. Fergus, Robert C. Fernald, Robert W. Ferry, Mrs. Frank F. Fetzer, Wade Filkins, A. J. Findlay, Mrs. Roderick Fineman, Oscar Finley, Max H. Finnegan, Richard J. Finnerud, Dr. Clark W. Fischel, Frederic A. Fish, Mrs. Helen S. Fishbein, Dr. Morris Fisher, Mrs. Edward Metcalf Fisher, Harry M. Fisk, Mrs. Burnham M. Fitzpatrick, Mrs. John A. Flavin, Edwin F. Fleming, Mrs. Joseph B. Flood, Walter H. Florsheim, Harold M. Florsheim, Irving S. Florsheim, Mrs. Milton S. Folonie, Mrs. Robert J. Folsom, Mrs. Richard S. Folsom, Mrs. William R. Foote, Mrs. Harley T. Forch, Mrs. John L., Jr. Ford, Mrs. Willis Roland Foreman, Mrs. Alfred K. Foreman, Mrs. E. G. Foreman, Edwin G., Jr. Foreman, Harold E. Forgan, James B., Jr. Forgan, Mrs. J. Russell Forgan, Robert D. Forman, Charles Forstall, James J. Forster, J. George Fortune, Miss Joanna Foster, Mrs. Charles K. Foster, Volney Foute, Albert J. Fox, Charles E. Fox, Jacob Logan Fox, Dr. Paul C. Frank, Arthur A. Frank, Mrs. Joseph K. Franken.stein, William B. Frankenthal, Dr. Lester E., Jr. Frazer, Mrs. George E. Freedman, Dr. I. Val Freeman, Charles Y. Freiler, Abraham J. French, Dudley K. Frenier, A. B. Freudenthal, G. S. Frey, Charles Daniel Freyn, Henry J. Fridstein, Meyer Friedlich, Mrs. Herbert Friend, Mrs. Henry K. Friestedt, Arthur A. Frost, Mrs. Charles Sumner Fuller, Mrs. Gretta Patterson Fuller, J. E. Fuller, Judson M. Furry, William S. Gabathuler, Miss Juanita Gabriel, Adam Gaertner, William Gall, Charles H. Gall, Harry T. Gallup, Rockwell L. Gait, Mrs. A. T. Gamble, D. E. Garcia, Jose Garden, Hugh M. G. Gardiner, Mrs. John L. Gardner, Addison L. Gardner, Addison L., Jr. Gardner, Henry A. Gardner, Mrs. James P. Garen, Joseph F. Garnett, Joseph B. Garrison, Dr. Lester E. Gates, Mrs. L. F. Gawne, Miss Clara V. Gay, Rev. A. Royal Gaylord, Duane W. Gear, H. B. 113 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued) Gehl, Dr. W. H. Gehrmann, Felix Geiger, Alfred B. Gelling, Dr. E. M. K. Gellert, Donald N. Gensburg, Samuel H. Gentry, Veit Gentz, Miss Margaret Nina George, Mrs. Albert B. Gerber, Max Gerding, R. W. Gerngross, Mrs. Leo Gettelman, Mrs. Sidney H. Gettleman, Frank E. Getz, Mrs. James R. Getzoff, E. B. Gibbs, Richard F. Gibbs, Dr. William W. Gibson, Dr. Stanley Gidwitz, Alan K. Giffey, Miss Hertha Gifford, Mrs. Frederick C. Gilbert, Miss Clara C. Gilchrist, Mrs. John F. Gilchrist, Mrs. William Albert Giles, Carl C. Giles, Mrs. Guy H. Gillette, Mrs. Ellen D. Gimbel, J. W., Jr. Ginther, Miss Minnie C. Girard, Mrs. Anna Glaescher, Mrs. G. W. Glasner, Rudolph W. Godehn, Paul M. Goehst, Mrs. John Henry Goes, Mrs. Arthur A. Golden, Dr. Isaac J. K. Goldenberg, Sidney D. Goldfine, Dr. Ascher H. C. Golding, Robert N. Goldman, Mrs. Louis Goldstein, Dr. Helen L. Button Goldstein, Nathan S. Goldstine, Dr. Mark T. Goldy, Walter I. Goltra, Mrs. William B. Goode, Mrs. Rowland T. Gooden, G. E. Goodman, Benedict K. Goodman, Mrs. Milton F'. Goodman, W. J. Goodman, William E. Goodwin, Clarence Norton Goodwin, George S. Gordon, Colin S. Gordon, Harold J. Gordon, Dr. Richard J. Gordon, Mrs. Robert D. Gorrell, Mrs. Warren Gottlieb, Frederick M. Gould, Jay Gould, Mrs. June K. Grade, Joseph Y. Gradle, Dr. Harry S. Graf, Robert J. Graff, Oscar C. Graham, Douglas Graham, E. V. Graham, Miss Margaret H. Gramm, Mrs. Helen Granger, Mrs. Everett J. Grant, James D. Grant, John G. Graves, Howard B. Grawoig, Allen Gray, Dr. Earle Gray, Edward Green, Michael Green, Robert D. Greenacre, Miss Cordelia Ann Greenburg, Dr. Ira E. Greene, Henry E. Greenebaum, M. E.. Jr. Greenlee, Mrs. William Brooks Greenman, Mrs. Earl C. Gregory, Stephen S., Jr. Gregory, Tappan Gressens, Otto Grey, Charles F. Grey, Dr. Dorothy Griest, Mrs. Marianna L. GrifTenhagen, Mrs. Edwin O. Griffith, Mrs. Carroll L. Griffith, Mrs. William Griswold, Harold T. Grizzard, James A. Groak, Irwin D. Gronkowski, Rev. C. I. Groot, Cornelius J. Groot, Lawrence A. Gross, Henry R. Grossman, Frank I. Grotenhuis, Mrs. William J. Grotowski, Mrs. Leon Gruhn, Alvah V. Grulee, Lowry K. Grunow, Mrs. William C. Guenzel, Louis Guest, Ward E. Gunthorp, Walter J. Gurley, Miss Helen K. Gurman, Samuel P. Guthman, Edwin I. Gwinn, William R. Hadley, Mrs. Edwin M. Haffner, Mrs. Charles C, Jr. Hagen, Mrs. Daise Hagens, Dr. Garrett J. Hagner, Fred L. Haight, George I. Hair, T. R. Hajicek, Rudolph F. Haldeman, Walter S. Hale, Mrs. Samuel Hales, William M. Hall, Edward B. Hall, Mrs. J. B. Hallmann, Herman F. Halperin, Aaron Halverstadt, Romaine M. Hamm, Fred B. Hammerschmidt, Mrs. George F. Hammond, Thomas S. Hand, George W. Hanley, Henry L. Hann, J. Roberts Hansen. Mrs. Carl Hansen, Mrs. Fred A. Hansen, Jacob W. Hanson, Mrs. Norman R. Harder, John H. Harders, Mrs. Flora Rassweiler Hardie, George F. Hardin, John H. Harding, John Cowden Harding, Richard T. Harms, Van Deursen Harper, Alfred C. Harrington, David L. Harris, Mrs. Abraham Harris, David J. Harris, Gordon L. Harris, Hayden B. Harris, Stanley G. Hart, Mrs. Herbert L. Hart, Max A. Hart, William M. Hartmann, A. O. Hartshorn, Kenneth L. Hartwig, Otto J. Hartz, W. Homer Harvey, Byron, III Harvey, Richard M. Harwood, Thomas W. Haskell, Mrs. George E. Haskins, Raymond G. Hass, G. C. Hay, Mrs. William Sherman Hayakawa, Dr. S. I. Hayes, Charles M. 114 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS {Continued) Hayes, Harold C. Hayes, Miss Mary E. Haynie, Miss Rachel W. Hays, Mrs. Arthur A. Hayslett, Arthur J. Hazlett, Dr. William H. Hazlett, Mrs. William H. Healy, Vincent Jerrems Heaney, Dr. N. Sproat Hearst, Mrs. Jack W. Heaton, Harry E. Heaton, Herman C. Heck, John Hedberg, Henry E. Heffernan, Miss Lily Heide, Mrs. Bernard H. Heiman, Marcus Heine, Mrs. Albert Heinzelman, Karl Heinzen, Mrs. Carl Heisler, Francis Hejna, Joseph F. Heldmaier, Miss Marie Helfrich, J. Howard Heller, Albert Heller, John A. Heller, Mrs. Walter E. Hellman, George A. Hellyer, Walter Hemple, Miss Anne C. Henderson, Thomas B. G. Henkel, Frederick W. Henley, Dr. Eugene H. Hennings, Mrs. Abraham J. Henry, Huntington B. Henschel, Edmund C. Herrick, Charles E. Herron, James C. Herron, Mrs. Ollie L. Hershey, J. Clarence Hertz, Mrs. Fred Hertzberg, Lawrence Herwig, George Herwig, William D., Jr. Herz, Mrs. Alfred Heverly, Earl L. Hibbard, Mrs. Angus S. Hibbard, Mrs. W. G. Higgins, John Higinbotham, Harlow D. Higley, Mrs. Charles W. Hildebrand, Dr. Eugene, Jr. Hildebrand, Grant M. Hill, Mrs. Russell D. Hill, William C. Hill, William E. Hille, Dr. Hermann Hillebrecht, Herbert E. Hills, Edward R. Himrod, Mrs. Frank W. Hind, Mrs. John Dwight Hinkle, Ross O. Hinman, Mrs. Estelle S. Hinrichs, Henry, Jr. Hirsch, Jacob H. Histed, J. Roland Hixon, Mrs. Frank P. Hodgkinson, Mrs. W. R. Hodgson, Mrs. G. C. Hoffmann, Edward Hempstead Hogan, Robert E. Hokin, Mrs. Barney E. Holabird, W. S., Jr. Holden, Edward A. Holland, Dr. William E. Hollander, Mrs. Samuel Hollenbach, Louis Holliday, W. J. Hollis, Henry L. Holmburger, Max Holmes, George J. Holmes, Miss Harriet F. Holmes, J. A. Holmes, Mrs. Maud G. Holmes, William Holmes, William N. Holt, Miss Ellen Holt, McPherson Holub, Anthony S. Holzheimer, Carl Homan, Miss Blossom L. Honsik, Mrs. James M. Hoover, Mrs. Fred W. Hoover, H. Earl Hoover, Ray P. Hope, Alfred S. Hopkins, Albert L. Hopkins, Mrs. James M. Hopkins, Mrs. James M., Jr. Horcher, William W. Home, Mrs. William Dodge, Jr. Horner, Mrs. Maurice L., Jr. Hornung, Joseph J. Horst, Curt A. Horton, Hiram T. Horton, Horace B. Horween, Arnold Horween, Isidore Hosbein, Louis H. Hottinger, Adolph Hovland, Mrs. John P. Howard, Willis G. Howe, Charles Albee Howe, Clinton W. Howe, Mrs. Pierce Lyman Howe, Ralph B. Howe, Warren D. Howe, William G. Howell, Albert S. Howes, Mrs. Frank W. Howie, Mrs. James E. Howse, Richard G. Hoyne, Miss Susan D. Hoyt, Mrs. Phelps B. Hraback, L. W. Hubbard, George W. Huber, Dr. Harry Lee Hudson, Miss Katherine J. Hud.son, Walter L. Huey, Mrs. A. S. Hufty, Mrs. F. P. Huggins, Dr. Ben H. Hughes, John E. Hughes, John W. Hume, James P. Hume, John T. Humphrey, H. K. Huncke, Herbert S. Huncke, Oswald W. Hunding, B. N. Hurd, Ferris E. Hurley, Edward N., Jr. Hurvitz, H. R. Huska, Mrs. Joseph Hust, George Huszagh, Ralph D. Hutchinson, Foye P. Hutchinson, Samuel S. Hyatt, R. C. Ickes, Raymond Idelman, Bernard Igoe, Michael L. Ilg, Robert A. Illich, George M., Jr. Ingalls, Allin K. Inlander, Samuel Irons, Dr. Ernest E. Isaacs, Charles W., Jr. Isham, Henry P. Ives, Clifford E. Jackson, Allan Jackson, Archer L. Jackson, Mrs. Arthur S. Jackson, Miss Laura E. Jackson, Mrs. W. A. Jacobi, Miss Emily C. Jacobs, Hyman A. Jacobs, Julius Jacobs, Whipple Jacobson, Raphael James, Walter C. Jameson, Clarence W. Jancosek, Thomas A. Janson, Dr. C. Helge M. Janusch, Fred W. Jarchow, Mrs. C. E. 115 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued) Jarchow, Charles C. Jarrow, Harry W. Jeffreys, Mrs. Mary M. Jeffries, Dr. Daniel W. Jeffries, F. L. Jenkins, David F. D. Jenkins, Mrs. John E. Jenkinson, Mrs. Arthur Gilbert Jennings, Ode D. Jennings, Mrs. Rosa V. Jerger, Wilbur Joseph Jetzinger, David Jirgal, John Jirka, Dr. Frank J. Jirka, Dr. Robert H. John, Dr. Findley D. Johnson, Dr. Adelaide Johnson, Alvin O. Johnson, Arthur L. Johnson, Mrs. Harley Alden Johnson, Joseph M. Johnson, Nels E. Johnson, Mrs. O. W. Johnson, Olaf B. Johnson, Philip C. Johnston, Edward R. Johnston, Miss Fannie S. Johnston, Mrs. Hubert McBean Johnston, Mrs. M. L. Jones, Albert G. Jones, Mrs. C. A. Jones, James B. Jones, Dr. Margaret M. Jones, Melvin Jones, Miss Susan E. Joseph, Mrs. Jacob G. Joseph, Louis L. Joy, Guy A. Joyce, Joseph Judson, Clay Juergens, H. Paul Julien, Victor R. Junckunc, Stephen Kaercher, A. W. Kahn, J. Kesner Kahn, Jerome J. Kahn, Louis Kaine, James B. Kamins, Dr. Maclyn M. Kane, Jerome M. Kanter, Jerome J. Kaplan, Morris L Kaplan, Nathan D. Karcher, Mrs. Leonard D. Karpen, Michael Kasch, Frederick M. Katz, Mrs. Sidney L. Katz, Solomon Katzenstein, Mrs. George P. Katzin, Frank Kauffman, Mrs. R. K. Kauffmann, Alfred Kaufmann, Dr. Gustav L. Kavanagh, Clarence H. Kay, Mrs. Marie E. Keefe, Mrs. George I. Keeney, Albert F. Kehl, Robert Joseph Keith, Stanley Keith, Mrs. Stanley Kelker, Rudolph F., Jr. Kellogg, John L. Kelly, Mrs. Haven Core Kelly, Miss Katherine Marjorie Kelly, William J. Kemper, Hathaway G. Kemper, Miss Hilda M. Kempner, Harry B. Kempner, Stan Kendall, Mrs. Virginia H. Kendrick, John F. Kennedy, Mrs. E. J. Kennedy, Lesley Kennelly, Martin H. Kenney, Clarence B. Kent, Dr. O. B. Keogh, Gordon E. Kern, Mrs. August Kern, H. A. Kern, Dr. Nicholas H. Kern, Trude Kerwin, Edward M. Kesner, Jacob L. Kestnbaum, Meyer Kettering, Mrs. Eugene W. Kiessling, Mrs. Charles S. Kile, Miss Jessie J. Kimball, David W. Kimball, William W. Kimbark, John R. King, Clinton B. King, Joseph H. Kingman, Mrs. Arthur G. Kinsey, Robert S. Kintzel, Richard Kirkland, Mrs. Weymouth Kitchell, Howell W. Kitzelman, Otto Klee, Mrs. Nathan Kleinpell, Dr. Henry H. Kleist, Mrs. Harry Kleppinger, William H. Kleutgen, Dr. Arthur C. Klinetop, Mrs. Charles W. Knickerbocker, Miss Paula Knopf, Andrew J. Knott, Mrs. Stephen R. Knutson, George H. Koch, Mrs. Fred J. Koch, Raymond J. Kochs, August Kochs, Mrs. Robert T. Kohl, Mrs. Caroline L. Kohler, Eric L. Kohlsaat, Edward C. Konsberg, Alvin V. Kopf, Miss Isabel Koppenaal, Dr. Eliza- beth Thompson Kosobud, William F. Kotal, John A. Kotin, George N. Koucky, Dr. J. D. Kovac, Stefan Krafft, Mrs. Walter A. Kraft, C. H. Kraft, James L. Kraft, John H. Kraft, Norman Kralovec, Emil G. Kralovec, Mrs. Otto J. Kramer, Leroy Kraus, Peter J. Kraus, Samuel B. Kreidler, D. C. Kresl, Carl Kretschmer, Dr. Herman L. Kretschmer, Herman L., Jr. Kropff, C. G. Krost, Dr. Gerard N. Krutckoff, Charles Kuehn, A. L. Kuh, Mrs. Edwin J., Jr. Kuhl, Harry J. Kuhn, Frederick T. Kuhn, Dr. Hedwig S. Kunka, Bernard J. Kunstadter, Albert Kunstadter, Sigmund W. Kurfess, John Fredric Kurtz, W. O. Kurtzon, Morris Lacey, Miss Edith M. LaChance, Mrs. Leander H. Laflin, Mrs. Louis E. Lafiin, Louis E., Jr. Lambert, C. A. Lampert, Wilson W. Lanahan, Mrs. M. J. Lane, F. Howard Lane, Ray E. 116 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued) Lang, Edward J. Langenbach.Mrs.AliceR. Langford, Mrs. Robert E. Langhorne, George Tayloe Langworthy, Benjamin Franklin Lanman, E. B. Lansinger, Mrs. John M. Larimer, Howard S. Larsen, Samuel A. Larson, Mrs. Sarah G. Lashley, Mrs. Karl S. Lasker, Albert D. Lassers, Sanford B. Latshaw, Dr. Blair S. Lau, Max Lauren, Newton B. Lauter, Mrs. Vera Lautmann, Herbert M. Lavezzorio, Mrs. J. B. Lavidge, Arthur W. Law, Mrs. Robert O. Lawless, Dr. Theodore K. Lawson, David A. Lax, John Franklin Layden, Michael J. Laylander, O. J. Lazar, Maurice Lazear, George C. Leahy, James F. Leahy, Thomas F. Leavell, James R. Leavens, Theodore LeBaron, Miss Edna Lebold, Foreman N. Lebold, Samuel N. Lebolt, John Michael Lederer, Dr. Francis L. Lee, David Arthur Lee, Mrs. John H. S. Lefens, Miss Katherine J. Lefens, Walter C. Leichenko, Peter M. Leight, Mrs. Albert E. Leland, Miss Alice J. Leland, Mrs. Roscoe G. LeMoon, A. R. Lennon, George W. Lenz, J. Mayo Leonard, Arthur G. Leonard, Arthur T. Leslie, Dr. Eleanor L Leslie, John Woodworth LeTourneau, Mrs. Robert Leverone, Louis E. Levinson, Mrs. Salmon 0. Levis, Mrs. Albert Cotter Levitan, Benjamin Levitetz, Nathan Levy, Alexander M. Levy, Arthur G. Lewis, Mrs. Ellis R. Lewy, Dr. Alfred L'Hommedieu, Arthur Liebman, A. J. Ligman, Rev. Thaddeus Lillyblade, Clarence O. Lindahl, Mrs. Edward J. Linden, John A. Lindheimer, B. F. Lingle, Bowman C. Lipman, Robert R. Liss, Samuel Little, Mrs. E. H. Littler, Harry E., Jr. Livingston, Julian M. Livingston, Mrs. Milton L. Llewellyn, Paul Lochman, Philip Loeb, Mrs. A. H. Loeb, Hamilton M. Loeb, Leo A. Loewenberg, Israel S. Loewenberg, M. L. Loewenherz, Emanuel Loewenstein, Sidney Loewenthal, Richard J. Logan, L. B. Long, William E. Lord, Arthur R. Lord, John S. Lord, Mrs. Russell Loucks, Charles O. Louer, Albert E. M. Louis, Mrs. John J. Love, Chase W. Lovell, William H. Lovgren, Carl Lucey, Patrick J. Ludolph, Wilbur M. Lueder, Arthur C. Luria, Herbert A. Lurie, H. J. Lusk, R. R. Lustgarten, Samuel Lyford, Harry B. Lynch, William Joseph Lyon, Charles H. Maass, J. Edward Mabee, Mrs. Melbourne MacDonald, E. K. Macfarland, Mrs. Henry J. MacKenzie, William J. Mackey, Frank J. Mackinson, Dr. John C. MacLellan, K. F. MacMullen, Dr. Delia M. MacMurray, Mrs. Donald Madiener, Mrs. Albert F., Jr. Madiener, Otto Magan, Miss Jane A. Magerstadt, Madeline Magill, John R. Magnus, Albert, Jr. Magnuson, Mrs. Paul Maher, Mrs. D. W. Main, Walter D. Majors, Mrs. B. S. Maling, Albert Malone, William H. Manaster, Harry Mandel, Mrs. Aaron W. Mandel, Edwin F. Mandel, Miss Florence Mandel, Mrs. Robert Manegold, Mrs. Frank W. Manierre, Francis E. Manierre, Louis Manley, John A. Mann, Albert C. Mann, John P. Mark, Mrs. Cyrus Mark, Griffith Marquart, Arthur A. Marsh, A. Fletcher Marsh, John McWilliams, II Marsh, Mrs. John P. Marsh, Mrs. Marshall S. Marston, Mrs. Thomas B. Martin, Mrs. George B. Martin, George F. Martin, Samuel H. Martin, W. B. Martin, Wells Martin, Mrs. William P. Marwick, Maurice Marx, Frederick Z. Marzluff, Frank W. Marzola, Leo A. Mason, Willard J. Massee, B. A. Massey, Peter J. Masterson, Peter Mathesius, Mrs. Walther Matson, J. Edward Matter, Mrs. John Maurer, Dr. Siegfried Maxant, Basil Maxwell, Lloyd R. Mayer, Frank D. Mayer, Mrs. Herbert G. Mayer, Herman J., Jr. Mayer, Isaac H. Mayer, Leo Mayer, Oscar F. Mayer, Oscar G. 117 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued) Mayer, Theodore S. McAloon, Owen J. McArthur, Billings M. McBirney, Mrs. Hugh J. McCahey, James B. McCarthy, Edmond J. McCarthy, Joseph W. McCausland, Mrs. Clara L. McClun, John M. McCord, Downer McCormack, Professor Harry McCormick, Mrs. Chauncey McCormick, Fowler McCormick, Howard H. McCormick, Leander J. McCormick, Robert H., Jr. McCrea, Mrs. W. S. McCready, Mrs. E. W. McCreight, Louis Ralph McDonald, E. F., Jr. McDonald, Lewis McDougal,Mrs. JamesB. McDougal, Mrs. Robert McErlean, Charles V. McGraw, Max McGuinn, Edward B. McGurn, Mathew S. Mcintosh, Arthur T. Mcintosh, Mrs. Walter G. McKenna, Dr. Charles H. McKinney, Mrs. Hayes McMenemy, Logan T. McMillan, James G. McMillan, John McMillan, W. B. McNamara, Louis G. McNamee, Peter F. McNulty, Joseph D. McQuarrie, Mrs. Fannie McVoy, John M. Mead, Dr. Henry C. A. Medsker, Dr. Ora L. Melcher, George Clinch Melendy, Dr. R. A. Melnick, Leopold B. Merrell, John H. Merriam, Miss Eleanor Merrill, William W. Metz, Dr. A. R. Metz, Mrs. Robert Meyer, Mrs. A. H. Meyer, Abraham W. Meyer, Dr. Charles A. Meyer, Charles Z. Meyers, Erwin A. Meyers, Jonas Michaels, Everett B. Michel, Dr. William J. Midowicz, C. E. Mielenz, Robert K. Milburn, Miss Anne L. Milhening, Frank Miller, Miss Bertie E. Miller, Mrs. Clayton W. Miller, Mrs. Donald J. Miller, Mrs. F. H. Miller, Hyman Miller, John S. Miller, Mrs. Olive Beaupre Miller, Oscar C. Miller, Mrs. Phillip Miller, R. T. Mills, Allen G. Mills, Lloyd Langdon Miner, Dr. Carl S. Minturn, Benjamin E. Mitchell, George F. Mitchell, John J. Mitchell, Leeds Mitchell, Oliver Mix, Dr. B. J. Mock, Dr. Harry Edgar Moderwell, Charles M. Moeling, Mrs. Walter G. Moeller, George Moeller, Rev. Herman H. Moist, Mrs. Samuel E. Mojonnier, Timothy Mollan, Mrs. Feme T. Molloy, David J. Monheimer, Henry I. Monroe, William S. Montgomery, Dr. Albert H. Moore, C. B. Moore, Paul Moore, Philip Wyatt Moran, Miss Margaret Morey, Charles W. Morf, F. William Morgan, Alden K. Morris, Mrs. Seymour Morrison, Mrs. C. R. Morrison, Mrs. Harry Morrison, James C. Morrison, Matthew A. Morrisson, James W. Morse, Mrs. Charles J. Morse, Leland R. Morse, Mrs. Milton Morse, Robert H. Morton, Sterling Morton, William Morris Moses, Howard A. Moss, Jerome A. Mouat, Andrew J. Mowry, Louis C. Moxon, Dr. George W. Moyer, Mrs. Paul S. Mudge, Mrs. John B. Muehlstein, Mrs. Charles Mueller, Austin M. Mueller, Miss Hedwig H. Mueller, J. Herbert Mueller, Paul H. Mulford, Miss Melinda Jane Mulhern, Edward F. Mulholand, William H. Mulligan, George F. Munroe, Moray Murphy, Mrs. Helen C. Murphy, Joseph D. Murphy, O. R. Murphy, Robert E. Musselman, Dr. George H. Muszynski, John J. Myrland, Arthur L. Naber, Henry G. Nadler, Dr. Walter H. Naess, Sigurd E. Nahigian, Sarkis H. Nance, Willis D. Nast, Mrs. A. D. Nathan, Claude Naumann, Miss Susan Nebel, Herman C. Neely, Mrs. Lloyd F. Nehls, Arthur L. Nellegar, Mrs. Jay C. Nelson, Arthur W. Nelson, Charles G. Nelson, Donald M. Nelson, N. J. Nelson, Victor W. Neu, Clarence L. Neuffer, Paul A. Neuman, Sidney Neumann, Arthur E. Newhall, R. Frank Newhouse, Karl H. Newman, Mrs. Albert I Newman, Charles H. Nichols, Mrs. George R., Jr. Nichols, J. C. Nichols, S. F. Nilsson, Mrs. Goodwin M. Nishkian, Mrs. Vaughn G. Nitze, Mrs. William A. Noble, Samuel R. Nollau, Miss Emma Noonan, Edward J. Norcott, Mrs. Ernest . Norman, Harold W. Norris, Mrs. Lester I I i 118 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Contmued) Norton, R. H. Novak, Charles J. Noyes, A. H. Noyes, Allan S. Noyes, Mrs. May Wells Nufer, Gene Nusbaum, Mrs. Hermien D. Nyman, Dr. John Egbert Gates, James F. Gberf elder, Herbert M. Gberfelder, Walter S. Gbermaier, John A. G'Brien, Miss Janet G'Connell, Edmund Daniel Gdell, William R. Gdell, William R., Jr. Gffield, James R. Oglesbee, Nathan H. O'Keefe, Mrs. Dennis D. G'Keeffe, William F. Glcott, Mrs. Henry C. Gldberg, Dr. Eric Gldefest, Edward G. Oleson, Wrisley B. Oliver, Mrs. Paul Olsen, Miss Agnes J. Olsen, Mrs. Arthur O. Olson, Gustaf Olson, Rudolph J. O'Neil, Dr. Owen Onofrio, Mrs. Michael J. Ooms, Casper William Oppenheimer, Alfred Oppenheimer, Mrs. Harry D. Orndoff , Dr. Benjamin H. O'Rourke, Albert Orr, Mrs. Robert C. Orr, Thomas C. Orthal, A. J. Ortmayer, Dr. Marie Osborn, Mrs. Gertrude L. Osborn, Theodore L. Ostrom, Mrs. J. Augustus Otis, J. Sanford Otis, Joseph E. Otis, Joseph Edward, Jr. Otis, Ralph C. Otis, Stuart Huntington Owings, Mrs. Nathaniel A. Paasche, Jens A. Packard, Dr. Rollo K. Paepcke, Walter P. Palmer, James L. Palmgren, Mrs. Charles A. Pardee, Harvey S. Pardridge, Mrs. E. W. Park, R. E. Parker, Dr. Gaston C. Parker, Norman S. Parker, Troy L. Parks, C. R. Parmelee, Dr. A. H. Partridge, Lloyd C. Paschen, Mrs. Henry Pashkow, A. D. Patterson, Grier D. Patterson, Mrs. L. B. Patterson, Mrs. Wallace Patzelt, Miss Janet Peabody, Mrs. Francis S. Peabody, Howard B. Peabody, Miss Susan W. Pearl, Allen S. Pearse, Langdon Pearson, F. W. Pearson, George Albert, Jr. Peck, Dr. David B. Peel, Richard H. Peet, Mrs. Belle G. Peirce, Albert E. Pelley, John J. PenDell, Charles W. Percy, Dr. Mortimer Nelson Perel, Harry Z. Perkins, A. T. Perkins, Mrs. Herbert F. Perry, Dr. Ethel B. Perry, Mrs. I. Newton Peter, William F. Peters, Harry A. Petersen, Jurgen Petersen, Dr. William F. Peterson, Albert Peterson, Alexander B. Peterson, Arthur J. Peterson, Axel A. Peterson, Mrs. Bertha I. Peterson, Mrs. Richard E. Pfaelzer, Miss Elizabeth W. Pflaum, A. J. Pflock, Dr. John J. Phelps, Mrs. W. L. Phemister, Dr. Dallas B. Phillips, Dr. Herbert Morrow Phillips, Mervyn C. Pick, Albert, Jr. Pick, Frederic G. Pierce, J. Norman Pierce, Paul, Jr. Pierson, Joseph B. Pink, Mrs. Ira M. Pirie, Mrs. John T. Pitzner, Alwin Frederick Plapp, Miss Doris A. Piatt, Edward Vilas Piatt, Mrs. Robert S. Plummer, Comer Plunkett, William H. Pobloske, Albert C. Podell, Mrs. Beatrice Haves Polk.'Mrs. Stella F. Pollak, Charles A. Pool, Marvin B. Poole, Mrs. Frederick Arthur Poole, Mrs. Marie R. Poor, Fred A. Pope, Herbert Poppenhagen, Henry J. Porter, Charles H. Porter, Edward C. Porter, Mrs. Frank S. Porter, Henry H. Porter, Louis Porter, Mrs. Sidney S. Porterfield, Mrs. John F. Portis, Dr. Sidney A. Post, Mrs. Philip Sidney Pottenger, William A. Pottenger, Miss Zipporah Herrick Poulson, Mrs. Clara L. Powills, Michael A. Pratt, Mrs. William E. Prentice, John K. Price, John McC. Primley, Walter S. Prince, Harry Prince, Rev. Herbert W. Prince, Leonard M. Pritchard, Richard E. Probst, Marvin G. Proxmire, Dr. Theodore Stanley Prussing, Mrs. R. E. Pucci, Lawrence Puckey, F. W. Pulver, Hugo Purcell, Joseph D. Purcey, Victor W. Purdy, Sparrow E. Putnam, Miss Mabel C. Puttkammer, E. W. Pyterek, Rev. Peter H. Quick, Miss Hattiemae Raber, Franklin Racheff, Ivan Radau, Hugo Radford, Mrs. W. A., Jr. Radniecki, Rev. Stanley Raff, Mrs. Arthur 119 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS {Continued) Raftree, Miss Julia M. Railton, Miss Frances Ramis, Leon Lipman Randall, Rev. Edwin J. Randall, Irving Raney, Mrs. R. J. Rankin, Miss Jessie H. Rassweiler, August Rathje, Frank C. Ravenscroft, Edward H. Raymond, Mrs. Howard D. Razim, A. J. Reach, Benjamin F. Reach, William Redfield, William M. Redington, F. B. Redmond, Forrest H. Reed, Mrs. Frank D. Reed, Mrs. Lila H. Reed, Norris H. Reed, Mrs. Philip L. Reeve, Mrs. Earl Reffelt, Miss F. A. Regan, Mrs. Robert G. Regenstein, Joseph Regensteiner, Theodore Regnery, Frederick L. Regnery, William H. Reichmann, Alexander F. Reid, Mrs. Bryan Reingold, J. J. Remy, Mrs. William Renaldi, George J. Renshaw, Mrs. Charles ReQua, Mrs. Charles Howard, Jr. ReQua, Haven A. Rew, Mrs. Irwin Reynolds, Mrs. G. William Reynolds, Harold F. Reynolds, Mrs. J. J. Rice, Mrs. Charles R. Rice, Laurence A. Rich, Elmer Rich, Harry Richards, Mrs. Bartlett Richards, J. DeForest Richards, Donald Richards, Marcus D. Richardson, George A. Richardson, Guy A. Richter, Mrs. Adelyn W. Rickcords, Francis S. Ridgeway, Ernest Rieser, Leonard M. Rietz, Elmer W. Rietz, Walter H. Ripstra, J. Henri Ritchie, Mrs. John Rittenhouse, Charles J. Roberts, Mrs. John Roberts, John M. Roberts, Shepherd M. Roberts, Mrs. Warren R. Roberts, William Munsell Robertson, Hugh Robinson, Theodore W., Jr. Robson, Miss Sarah C. Roche, Miss Emily Roderick, Solomon P. Rodgers, Dr. David C. Rodman, Thomas Clifford Rodman, Mrs. Hugh Roehling, Mrs. Otto G. Roehm, George R. Roesch, Frank P. Rogers, Miss Annie T. Rogers, Mrs. Bernard F. Rogers, Edward S. Rogers, Joseph E. Rogerson, Everett E. 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Scribner, Gilbert Scully, Mrs. D. B. Sears, Mi.ss Dorothy Sears, J. Alden Sears, Richard W., Jr. Seaton, G. Leland Seaverns, Louis C. Sedgwick, C. Galen See, Dr. Agnes Chester Seeberger, Miss Dora A. Seeburg, Justus P. Seifert, Mrs. Walter J. Seip, Emil G. Seipp, Clarence T. Seipp, Edwin A., Jr. Seipp, William C. Sello, George W. Sencenbaugh, Mrs. C. W. Seng, V. J. Senne, John A. Shaffer, Carroll Shakman, James G. Shanahan, Mrs. David E. Shanesy, Ralph D. Shannon, Angus Roy Shapiro, Meyer Sharpe, N. M. Shaw, Alfred P. Shaw, Mrs. Arch W. Sheldon, James M. Shelton, Dr. W. Eugene Shepherd, Mrs. Edith P. Shepherd, Miss Olive M. Sherman, Mrs. Francis C, Sr. Sherman, Mrs. W. W. Shields, James Culver Shillestad, John N. Shire, Moses E. Shoan, Nels Shorey, Clyde E. Short, J. R. Short, Miss Shirley Jane Shoup, A. D. Shumway, Mrs. Edward DeWitt Sidley, William P. Siebel, Mrs. Ewald H. Sieck, Herbert Siegel, David T. Sigman, Leon Silander, A. L Silberman, Charles Silberman, David B. 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Strauss, Ivan Strauss, John L. Straw, Mrs. H. Foster Street, Mrs. Charles A. Strickfaden, Miss Alma E. Stromberg, Charles J. Strong, Edmund H. Strong, Mrs. Walter A. Strotz, Harold C. Stulik, Dr. Charles Sturm, William G. Sullivan, John J. Sulzberger, Frank L. Summer, Mrs. Edward Sundin, Ernest G. SutcliU'e, Mrs. Gary Sutherland, William Sutton, Harold L 121 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued) Swanson, Holgar G. Swanson, Joseph E. Swartchild, Edward G. Swartchild, William G. Swenson, S. P. O. Swett, Robert Wheeler Swift, Mrs. Alden B. Swift, Edward F., Jr. Swigart, John D. Sykes, Aubrey L. Sykes, Mrs. Wilfred Taft, Mrs. Oren E. Tarrant, Mrs. Robert Tatge, Mrs. Gustavus J. Taylor, Frank F. Taylor, Herbert J. Taylor, J. H. Taylor, James L. Taylor, L. S. Taylor, William G. Templeton, Stuart J. Templeton, Walter L. Templeton, Mrs. William Terry, Foss Bell Teter, Lucius Thai, Dr. Paul E. Thatcher, Everett A. Theobald, Dr. John J. Thomas, Mrs. Florence T. Thomas, Frank W. Thomas, Dr. William A. 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Wavrinek, Miss Anna J. 123 NON'RESIDENT ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Those, residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, who have contributed $50 to the Museum Baum, Mrs. James Colby, Carl Lindboe, S. R. Meevers, Harvey Mitchell, W. A. Niederhauser, Homer Phillips, Montagu Austin Porter, Dr. Eliot F. Stevens, Edmund W. SUSTAINING MEMBERS Those who contribute $25 annually to the Museum Bigelow, Mrs. Ann Eitel, Emil Fay, Eugene C. Knight, Mrs. John Kroehler, Kenneth Lessman, Gerhard Lynch, J. W. McLennan, Mrs. Donald R., Sr. Meyerhoff, A. E. Page, John W Price, W. G. F. Raymond, Dr. Albert L. ShiJlinglaw, David L. Stebler, W. J. Thorne, Mrs. James W. Tread well, H. A Weil, Morton M. Williams, Rowland L. Wolnak, George ANNUAL MEMBERS Those who contribute $10 annually to the Miiseum Abbott, Mrs. Howard C. Abbott, Mrs. John Jay Abeles, Alfred T. Adams, Cyrus H. Adams, F. W. Adams, Harvey M. Adams, Hugh R. Adams, Hugh R., Jr. Adesko, Mrs. Thaddeus V. Adler, Mrs. William S. Adsit, Harold C. 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Brodie, Dr. Allan G. Brodow, W. B. Brooks, Arthur L. Broude, Mrs. William S. Brouwer, Rev. Jacob G. Brown, Alexander Brown, Garfield W. Brown, Mrs. George W. Brown, H. Templeton Brown, Mrs. Isidore Brown, Paul W. Brown, Robert C, Jr. Brown, William W. Browne, Mrs. Grace Greenwood Browne, Leon S. Brucker, Dr. Matthew W. Bruckner, Mrs. Eugene E. Brush, Kenneth H. Bucklen, Harley R. Bulk, George C. Bunn, B. H. Burdick, Dr. Allison L. Burdick, Charles B. Burke, L. J. Burnell, Edward J. Burnet, Mrs. W. A. Burns, Kenneth J. Burns, Patrick C. Burtis, Clyde L. Burton, Mrs. Anna W. Busch, Francis X. Bush, Earl J. 125 ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued) Butler, Burtram B. Butler, Mrs. Evelyn Butterfield, George P. Butterfield, Peter Edwin Butz, Mrs. Robert 0. Byfield, Ernest L. Byrnes, William Jerome Byron, Samuel S. Cabeen, Richard McP. Caesar, O. E. Caldwell, Lvnton W. Callahan, B. E. Callan, T. J. Campbell, Charles H. Campbell, Chesser M. Campbell, Donald A. Campbell, Donald F., Jr. Campbell, G. Murray Cannon, John I. Carl, Otto Frederick Carleton, Horace M. Carlington, William M. Carlisle, Mrs. William T. Carlstrom, Mrs. Oscar D. Carlton, Mrs. Frank A. Carney, Robert F. Carp, Joseph T. Carpenter, John Alden Carr, George Wallace Carroll, James J. Carry, James M. Carson, Mrs. William Sherman Carstens, Milton S. Carter, C. B. Casey, Rev. Joseph A. Caspers, Paul Cassady, Thomas G. Cassetty, Rev. W. M., Jr. Cathcart, Mrs. James A. Cavanagh, Mrs. Joseph J. Cervenka, John A. Chapman, Ralph Chapman, Richard R. Cheskin, David B. Chesler, Morton C. Chesrow, David S. Chimenti, Dante Chrisos, Dr. Sam S. Chrissinger, Horace B. Christiansen, Carl H. Christopher, Dr. G. L. Citterman, Solomon Cizinauskas, Henrv Clark, A. B. Clark, Mrs. Ralph E. Clark, Robert H. Clarke, Mrs. A. S. C. Clarke, David R. Clarke, Mrs. Philip R. Clasen, W. N. Clements, J. A. Clifford, Barrv J. CHfford J. S. ' Clizbe, Mrs. F. O. Clonick, Herbert J. Clow, J. Beach Clow, Kent S. Cobbey, J. A. Coen, Thomas M. Coffey, Miss Mary Coghlan, David L. Cohen, Archie H. Cohen, Harry Cohen, Louis L. Cohn, Harry Cole, Cornelius C. Coleman, Hamilton Coleman, Harry M. Collier, John H. Collings, Charles H. Collins, Arthur W. Collins, Mrs. Frank P. Colvin, Miss Bonnie Combiths, Mrs. Wallace T. Combs, Earle M., Jr. Conant, E. D., Jr. Cone, Fairfax M. Conn, Warner S. Connolly, R. E. Connors, Mrs. Thomas A. Conquest, Victor Conroy, D. A. Consoer, Arthur W. Converse, Earl M. Coogan, Dr. T. J. Cook, Charles E. Cook, H. L. Cook, Junius F., Jr. Cook, Robert B. Cook, Sidney A. Cook, Wallace L. Cook, WilHam V. Cooke, Thomas Edward Cooper, Charles H. Corev, Ernest F. Cornwell, Dr. H. J. Costigan, Mrs. Eve Charles Coverley, Mrs. Cecile Covington, John R. Coyne, Richard T. Crage, Dr. Francis M. Cragg, Mrs. George L. Craig, Arthur B. Cram, Mrs. Norman Creden, Samuel G. Crites, Joe Crocker, Miss Edith E. Crone, Charles E. Croney, William B. Crowder, James L. Crowell, Dr. Bowman Corning Crown, Mrs. Irving Culbertson, James G. Culbertson, Samuel A., II CuUen, Matthew J. Culpepper, Dr. William L. Culver, Charles G. Culver, Sydney K. Cummings, Dr. C. A. Cummings, Mrs. Tilden Cummings, Nathan Cunningham, Robert M. Curda, Frank R. Curry, Rev. James C. Curtis, D. C. Curtis, John G. Cuscaden, Fred A. Cushman, Dr. Beulah Cushman, Robert S. Daemicke, Mrs. Estella Dahl, William G. Dale, Arthur G. Dallwig, P. G. Dalton, Mrs. John W. Daly, James J. Danielson, Reuben G. Danits, Samuel Darby, Raymond J. Darfler, Walter L. Darr, H. S. Daspit, Walter David, Sigmund W. Davidson, Donald Davies, Mrs. H. G. Davis, Arthur G. Davis, Mrs. Charles P. Davis, Charles S. Davis, David Davis, Mrs. DeWitt, III Davis, Harry E. Davis, Paul H. Davis, Ralph W. Davis, Roy H. Dawson, John A. DeBruyn, Dr. Peter P. DeCosta, H. J. Dee, Mrs. Orville A. Dee, P. J. Deeming, W. S. Deffenbaugh, Roy R. Degener, August W. Dempsey, John S. Dennison, Craig E. DeParcq, William H. DePencier, Mrs. Joseph R. Depue, Oscar B. 126 ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued) Derkers, George C. D'Esposito, Joshua DeWitt, E. J. Dick, Mrs. Edison Dickerson, Earl B. Dickerson, Mrs. Fred G. Dickinson, Phil S. Dietz, Carl A. Diggs, Dr. N. Alfred Dillbahner, Frank Dingeldein, Karl A. Dinkelman, Harry Director, Harry J. Dixon, Mrs. Wesley M. Dixson, Mrs. V. B. Dodd, Walter F. Dole, Mrs. Andrew R. Dolke, W. Fred Donahue, Elmer W. Donaldson, Miss Mima L. Donaldson, Richard J. Donberg, Joseph H. Donnelley, Thorne Doolittle, John R. Doroshaw, J. M. Dorpols, Frank L. Dougherty, Mrs. Jean E. Douglas, 'William C. Dovenmuehle, George H. Dover, S. M. Dowd, Mrs. Frank J. Dowell, Maynard Downey, John J. Downing, Dr. James R. Downs, James C., Jr. Doyle, Miss Alice Drake, Charles R. Drake, G. T. Drake, L. J. Drake, Robert T. Drake, Mrs. Seth C. Draper, Mrs. Walter D. Dressel, Charles L. Dreyfus, Maurice M. Driscoll, Robert Drobny, Mrs. Herman Dry, Meyer Dubiel, Dr. John C. Dubin, Joseph Dubkin, Leonard Dudley, Mrs. Raymond C. Duggan, Charles F. Dulsky, Louis Dunigan, Edward B. Dunkleman, Gabriel Dunlap, George G. Dupee, Mrs. Ralph K. DuVal, Edward R. Duval, Dr. Emile C. Duval, Nathaniel E. Dwyer, J. E. Dyon, Miss Jane Easter, Mrs. Donald W. Eckert, Edward L. Eckhouse, George H. Eddy, Alfred K. Edelstone, Benjamin J. Edgerly, Daniel W. Edquist, Rev. Bertil Edwards, G. H. Ehrlicher, James G. Eichin, Mrs. Charles Eiger, Richard Norris Eirinberg, Robert Eisenberg, David B. Eismann, William Eitel, Emil Eitel, Robert J. Ekman, Stanley V. Elden, A. D. Eldred, Mrs. Harriot W. Elkan, Leo H. Ellerd, Arthur A. Ellington, J. E. Elliott, Dr. Arthur R. Elliott, Mrs. Edwin P. Ellis, Hubert C. Ellis, Will S. Elmer, Miss Nancy T. Emery, Mrs. Fred A. Emery, Robert B. Endicott, George F. Engelhardt, Mrs. Elizabeth Enid, Miss Carolyn Epstein, Mrs. Arnold Erickson, L. Hyland Erikson, Carl A. Eshbaugh, C. Harold Essley, E. Porter Etheredge, Gilbert Ettlinger, A. Eulass, E. A. Eustice, Mrs. Alfred L. Evans, Mrs. Arthur T. Evers, John W., Jr. Eyler, Godfrey J. Fair, Charles L. Fairchild, Edmund Fairman, Miss Marian Faissler, John J. Falls, Dr. F. H. Fantus, Ernest L. Faricy, Mrs. William T. Farnsworth, Mrs. George J. Farrell, Mrs. Ernest H. Farwell, Albert D. Farwell, Mrs. Arthur Fell, Peter V. Feld, Max Fenn, John F. Fensholt, A. H. Ferrara, Salvatore Ferry, Mrs. Frank Fiedler, Stuart O. Field, Mrs. James A. Field, John S. Field, Mrs. Wentworth G. Field, Mrs. William A. Figueira, W. A. Finn, B. L. Finn, Leo P. Finnegan, Thomas J. Fischer, Mrs. Louis E. Fish, Mrs. Sigmund C. Fishburn, Mrs. A. M. Fishlove, Irving H. Fishman, Samuel Fisk, Albert Fitpold, Michael H. Fitzgerald, Edward Fitzgerald, Dr. J. E. Flacks, Reuben S. Flavin, Lawrence P. Flesch, Stanley J. Fletcher, Joseph Fletcher, R. F. Fletcher, R. P. Flett, James Floreen, Adolph R. Flores, Dr. Marguerite S. Florsheim, Leonard S. Fogo, Mrs. Hugh M. Foley, Dr. Edmund F. Forth, Milburn L. Fortin, Joseph T. Foster, George P. Foster, Mrs. Kellam Foster, William S. Fouche, Mrs. G. R. Fowler, Mrs. Earle B. Fowler, Edgar C. Fowler, Gordon F. Fowler, Walter E. Franche, Mrs. Darius C, Sr. Franche, Mrs. D. C, III Frank, Augustus J. Frank, Marvin Frank, Raymond W. Frankenberg, Arthur E. Frankenbush, O. E. Frankenstein, Rudolph Franz, Herbert G. Franz, Mrs. John N. Frazee, Seward C. Frederick, Mrs. George B. Frederick, Mrs. Juanita E. Fredrickson, Carl 127 ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued) Fredrickson, J. Simon Freeman, Charles Y., Jr. Freeman, David A. Freeman, Thomas B. Freeto, Clarence E. Fremont, Miss Ruby Freund, Mrs. I. H. Friedberg, Dr. Stanton A. Frieder, Edward Friedeman, Richard F. Fugard, John R. Fuhrer, Max Fuhry, Joseph G. Fuller, Mrs. Eugene White Furedy, Frank Furth, Lee J. Gabel, Walter H. Gage, John N. Galanti, Mrs. Charles P. Gale, Abram Gale, M. J. Galgano, John H. Gallagher, John T. Gallauer, William Gamrath, Elmer H. Gardner, George M. Garrabrant, Monroe F. Garside, Dr. Earl Gatenby, John W., Jr. Gatzert, Mrs. August Gaul, Hermann J., Sr. Gaw, George D. Gaylord, Mrs. Sol H. Genther, Charles B. Geraghty, James K. Geraghty, Mrs. Thomas F. Gettleman, Samuel R. Getz, Oscar Gidwitz, Gerald Giesbert, Mrs. Carl A. Gilbert, Theodore Gilchrist, Mrs. James M. Giles, Dr. Chauncey D. Gill, Joseph L. Gillett, W. N. Gillies, Fred M. Gilman, Mrs. George P. Gilman, James W. Gilroy, John F. Girard, Charles A. Girvin, Ramon B. Giryotas, Dr. Emelia J. Gits, Mrs. Remi J. Glader, Frank J. Gladstone, Myer H. Glaser, James M. R. Glasser, Joshua B. Glenn, Bruce W. Glenn, Robert R. Click, Edward R. Click, Louis G. Glover, Chester L. Gluesing, Mrs. C. Edward Godchaux, Leon G. Goes, Otto W. Golden, Mrs. Samuel M. Goldschmidt, M. Goldsmith, Henry M. Goldsmith, Melvin M. Goldstein, Dr. Abraham Goldstein, Mrs. Benjamin F. Goldthorp, Ellsworth Gomberg, Dr. Harry Gonnerman, Mrs. Allan W. Good, Arthur P. Good, Charles E. Goodall, John C. Goodbar, Harry L. Goodhart, Mrs. H. J. Goodman, Ralph L. Goodman, Mrs. William D. Goodrich, Miss Josephine Goodrich, Miss JuHet T. Goodson, Orr Gordon, Edward Gorski, Martin Gott, Philip P. Gourfain, A. S., Jr. Grabbe, Werner H. Graff, Earl H. Graffis, Herbert Grauer, Milton H. Grauer, Dr. Theophil P. Graves, Austin T. Graves, Dr. Robert Elliott Graw, Harry J. Gray, A. S. Gray, Carl R., Jr. Gray, E. Richmond Green, Mrs. Dwight H. Green, Norman C. Green, Walter H. Greenhouse, Jacob Greenlee, William B. Gregg, John P. Grein, Joseph Gresham, Mrs. Laura E. Grier, Dr. Robert M. Griglik, Casimir Grimes, J. Frank Groble, Edward B. Grochowski, Mrs. G. S, Groebe, Louis G. Groenwald, F. A. Grosberg, Charles Crosse, Richard H. Grove, C. G. Grove, Miss Helen H. Gruendel, Mrs. George H. Gumbinger, Miss Dora Gunnar, Mrs. H. P. Gunther, George E. Gurley, F. G. Gustafson, Rev. David Gustafson, Harry M. Gutgsell, Mrs. Emil J. Guthrie, S. Ashley Haas, Mrs. Caroline M. Hackett, Mrs. Karleton S. Haeger, E. H. Hagey, Harry H., Jr. Hagey, J. F. Haigh, D. S. Haines, Mrs. Charles J. Haines, Mrs. James J. Hajek, Henry F. Hall, Arthur B. Hall, Cameron A. Hall, Clifford F. Hall, Miss Fanny A. Hall, Harry Hall, Louis W. Halligan, W. J. Halperin, Max Halvorsen, Mrs. F. H. Ham, Mrs. Harold Hamill, Dr. Ralph C. Hamill, Mrs. Robert W. Hamilton, Mrs. Gurdon H. Hamm, George A. Hammond, Stevens H. Handtmann, G. E. Hank, Bernard J. Hanley, R. Emmett Hansen, Mrs. Arthur R. Hansen, Helmer Hanses, Edward H. Harding, William H. Hardwicke, Harry Hargrave, Homer P. Hargreaves, Mellor Harman, Dr. Hubert F. Harper, Mrs. Paul V. Harpole, Louis Harrington, Miss Frances Harrington, George Bates Harris, Benjamin R. Harris, Mrs. Maude Dowdell Harris, Mrs. Mortimer B. Harshaw, Myron T. I 128 ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued) Hart, C. B. Hart, Mrs. G. H. Hart, Mrs. H. G. Hart, Mrs. Harry Hart, Louis E. Hart, Mrs. Malcolm Hartman, Mrs. Irvin H. Hartman, Milton C. Harvey, Byron S. Harvey, Mrs. Harold B. Harvey, James D. Hasbrook, Howard F. Ha.serodt, E. V. Haskell, Clinton H. Hatfield, W. A. Hathawav, Mrs. Carter H. Hattstaedt, Mrs. John J. Hauck, Clayson J. Hausen, Gerard E. Hauter, Mrs. A. N. Hawes, Hardin H. Hawkes, Joseph B. Hawkinson, Dr. Oscar Hawthorne, Vaughn R. Haywood, Ralph Hazen, Theodore D. Headley, Mrs. Ida M. Heald, Mrs. Henry T. Healy, John J. Heavey, John C. Heckel, Edmund P. Hedly, Arthur H. Hedrich, Mrs. Otto H. Hefner, Adam Heifetz, Samuel Hein, Paul S. Helgason, Arni Henderson, B. E. Henderson, Kenneth M. Henner, Hymen L Hennessey, William S. Henriksen, H. M. Henry, Sister Mary Herman, Eli Hernandez, Mrs. A. B. Hershenson, Edward Hertz, J. H. Hes.se, E. E. Hes.seltine, Dr. H. Close Hetherington, Mrs. Murray D. Hetreed, Dr. Francis W. Hewes, Howard H. Heyden, Edward B. Heyworth, Mrs. John R. Hibben, Joseph W. Hicks, Joseph W. Hieber, Reynolds Conrad Hill, Mrs. Cyrus G. Hill, Mrs. Elmer C. Hill, Mi.ss Meda A. Hilton, Henry Mark Hilton, Howard H. Hinman, Sherwood V. Hinshaw, Hainer Hipskind, Donald F. Hirsch, Edwin W. Hirsh, Morris Henry Hirtenstein, Robert E. Hitchings, LeRoy K. Hoag, Mrs. Junius C. Hoag, Dr. Walter C. Hoban, Dr. Eugene T. Hobbs, Mrs. J. P. Hobbs, Russell D. Hoben, H. H. Hobson, J. E. Hochfeldt, William F. Hocking, Charles H. Hockman, Miss Miriam L. Hoefer, Max Hoffman, Jo.seph Hogenson, William Hogsten, Mrs. Yngve Hohenadel, Frank A. Hohman, Dr. Ned U. Hokin, Barney E. Hokin, Samuel E. Holabird, Mrs. Bolter Holabird, William Holcomb, Mrs. R. R. Holgate, H. Nels Holland, Herbert H. Holland, Jesse J. Holland, Milton L Holleb, A. Paul Hollerbach, Joseph Holloway, J. L. Holzman, Alfred Honor, Herzl W. Hooper, A. F. Hopkins, Dr. M. B. Horton, Mrs. Arthur Horween, Ralph Horwich, Alan H. Horwich, Philip Horwitz, Herbert Horwitz, Irving A. Hottinger, William H., Jr. Hotz, Ferdinand L. Houda, Dr. Leo Hough, William J. House, Woodford W. Howard, Mrs. Edith Sackett Howard, Hubert E. Howe, Roger F. Howell, Mrs. Thomas M. Howell, William C. Hoyt, N. Landon, Jr. Hrdlicka, Mi.ss Bohnmilla Hrdlicka, Mrs. John D. Hubachek, Frank Brookes Hud.son, William J. Huettmann, Fred Hughes, Frank W. Huguenor, Lloyd B. Hukar, George Hull, A. E. Hulson, J. W. Humphreys, J. Ross Humphreys, Mrs. Robert E. Hunnemann, Miss Alma M. Hunt, Mrs. William O. Hurlbut, Miss Elizabeth J. Hurley, G. B. Hurley, Stephen E. Hutchison, Dr. WiUiam A. Hutmacher, Ray R. Hutton, Miss Frances lone Huxley, Henry M. Huxtable, Miss Barbara Leslie Hynes, D. P. Hypes, S. L. Iker, Charles Ingram, Lawrence Ives, R. 0. Jackett, C. A. Jackson, Byrne A. Jackson, W. H. Jacky, Fred Jacobs, Nate Jacobs, Mrs. Walter H. Jalkut, Lee D. James, Ralph C. Jameson, A. R. Janda, Joseph J. Janus, Christopher G. Jarratt, Walter J. Jarvis, William B. Jenner, Mrs. Austin Jennings, Ralph C, Jensen, George P. Jewell, Robert W. Job, Dr. Thesle T. Johanigman, S. E. Johnson, Alfred C. Johnson, Mrs. Doris Hurtig Johnson, Edmund G. Johnson, Dr. G. Erman Johnson, Dr. Harvey C. 129 ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued) Johnson, Julius Johnson, Miss Mayde B. Johnson, Miss Millie C. Johnson, R. C. Johnson, R. T. Johnson, R. W. Johnson, Dr. Torrey M. Johnson, Voyle C. Johnston, A. J. Johnston, Bernard F. Jolls, Thomas H. Jolly, John W. Jones, D. C. Jones, Howard B. Jones, Kent Jones, Owen Barton Jones, Mrs. Walter Clyde Julian, John A. Jung, C. C. Kahler, William V. Kahn, Mrs. Arthur S. Kahn, Fred S. Kahn, Louis Kahoun, John A. Kamm, Harold J. Kampmeier, August G. Kane, Mrs. Charles E. Kane, Daniel Francis Kanter, Dr. Aaron E. Kaplan, Samuel Karp, Elmer H. Karpen, Leo Karras, Sidney G. Kasbohm, Leonard H. Kaspar, Ray Katz, Miss Jessie Kaufmann, Charles D. Kaumeyer, Mrs. E. A. Kay, Paul Kay, Richard Kearns, Mrs. Jerry J. Keck, Mathew Keeler, Mrs. Edwin R. Keeler, Leonarde Keene, William J. Keeney, Frank P. Keeton, Dr. Robert W. Keim, Melville Keller, L C. Kelley, Mrs. Phelps Kellogg, Harry E. Kellogg, James G. Kellogg, John Payne Kelly, T. L. Kelly, Mrs. T. L. Kelly, Charles Scott Kelsey, L. L. Kendall, G. R. Kennedy, J. G. Keranen, George M. Kerr, Leslie H. Kettles, Alan Kidwell, James E. Kidwell, Richard E. Kiefer, Mrs. Rose M. Kilberry, F. H. Kiley, Dr. Matthew J. Kimball, Mrs. Ralph R. Kimes, Gerald C. King, H. R. King, J. Andrews King, Mrs. John Lord King, Thomas R. King, Willard L. Kingham, J. J. Kipp, Lester E. Kirkman, Robert A. Kirst, Lyman R. Kittner, Ralph D. Klapman, Philip A. Klein, Mrs. A. S. Klein, Dr. David Klemperer, Leo A. Kling, Leopold Kloppenstein, J. D. Knecht, Mrs. T. L. Knight, Dr. Alva A. Knol, Nicholas Knoll, George Knourek, William M. Knowlson, J. S. Knutson, A. C. Koch, Carl Koenig, Mrs. E. H. Kohlmann, Henry J. Kohn, Henry L. Kohn, Louis A. Kolkmeyer, Ralph W. Kolssak, Louis A. Koltz, George C. Kopinski, Louis Koplin, Mrs. Harry Kort, George Korten, Miss Hattie C. Kosner, Mrs. Jaroslava B. Kotas, Rudolph J. KraflFt, Walter A. Krag, Franz K. Kramer, Herman J. Krane, Leonard J. Krasberg, Rudolph Kratsch, Charles Krautter, L. Martin Krawetz, Mrs. John Krez, Leonard O. Krol, Dr. Edward J. Kroll, Harry Kroll, Morris Krotter, Miss Nellie M. Kruggel, Arthur Krumdieck, Leo Krumske, Paul A. Kruse, W. K. Kuehn, Miss Katherine Kuehn, Oswald L. Kuester, Albert J. Kuhnen, Mrs. George H. Kuhns, Mrs. H. B. Lacey, Miss Clara R. Lachman, Harold Laird, Robert S. Lambert, Ronald J. Lancaster, A. Pope Lane, George A. Lane, Howard Lange, A. G. Langert, A. M. Langford, Joseph P. Laramore, Florian E. Large, Judson Larsen, Roy R. Larson, Elis L. Larson, Simon P. Lasch, Charles F. Lasch, Harry Laser, M. T. Lash, Dr. A. F. Latham, Carl Ray Latimer, William L. Lau, Mrs. John Arnold Launder, Ray S. Laven, C. L. Lavieri, Miss Elaine Law, M. A. Lea, Mrs. Theodore E. Leaf, Harry LeBeau, C. A. LeBeau, Mrs. Oscar T. Lederer, Sigmund M. Lee, A. Franklin Lee, Miss Alice Stephana Lee, Arthur K. Lee, John H. Lehman, 0. W. Lehmann, Miss Thesy R. Leibrandt, George F. Leonard, Arthur G., Jr. Leonard, Arthur S. Leonard, John D. Lerch, William H. Levin, Louis Levin, Robert E. Levine, William Levine, William D. Levinson, John 0. Levitan, Moses Levy, Paul Levy, Paul Lewis, B. F. Lewis, Mrs. Walker 0. Lichtenstein, Walter Liebenow, J. Gus Lindeman, John H. 130 ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued) Lindsay, Mrs. Martin Lindsley, A. J. Line, Dr. Eva J. Lingott, Richard H. Linthicum, J. Francis Lipman, Abraham Lippincott, R. R. Lippman, Mrs. William Lipsey, Howard Lipshutz, Joseph Litschgi, Dr. J. J. Livingston, Charles C. Llewellyn, Mrs. K. Lloyd, C. L. Llovd, Miss Georgia LloVd, Glen A. Lloyd, William B., Jr. Lochridge, Ben S. Lochridge, W. F. Lock, Gilbert L. Lockefer, Frank V. Lockwood, Lawrence A. Lockwood, Robert R. Loeb, Arthur A. Loeb, Mrs. Ernest G. Loebe, David E. Loebe, Edward E. Loevenhart, Edward H. Loewenstein, Richard M. Lofquist, Karl E. Logan, Waldo H. Lome, Philip Loomis, Miss Marie Loomis, W. W. Looney, Charles C. Lopez, Abelardo G. Lopez, Joseph G. Lorance, Mrs. Luther M. Loring, Mrs. Arthur A. Losos, Edward J. Loung, George, Jr. Love, John T. Lovejoy, Mrs. Winfred L. Ludolph, Arthur L. Lund, Harry A. Lundgren, Dr. Albert T. Lung, Miss Carole A. Luning, Mrs. Henry H. Lynch, Mrs. Cora E. Lyon, James L. Lyon, Mrs. Jeneva A. Macdonald, Miss Dorothy MacFarland, Hays Macfarland, Lanning Macfarlane, Mrs. W. E. Maclntyre, Mrs. M. K. Mack, Joseph MacKellar, Dr. John D. Mackenzie, Wentworth Park MacKenzie, William J. Mackie, N. S. MacKiewich, Justin MacLean, Mrs. John A., Jr. MacLean, William P. Maddock, Miss Alice E. Maison, Mrs. L. G. Mall, Arthur W. Manasse, DeWitt J. Manchester, Donald S. Mandeville, Maurice Mangan, R. K. Mannette, Mrs. Russell L. Manning, Frank E. Manning, Frederick W. Manning, Mrs. Herbert S. Manning, Dr. Paul D. V. Mansfield, Alfred W. Mansfield, Ralph Manta, Mrs. John L. Manz, George R. Marchant, Miss Lilian Marcus, Abel Marcussen, Miss Esther L. Maremont, Agiold H. Markman, Samuel K. Markoff, William Marks, Dr. Louis M. Markus, Henry A. Marling, Mrs. Franklin, Jr. Marnane, James D. Marquart, Arthur A. Marrs, Dean Marsh, E. S. Marshall, Charles A. Martin, Cecil Martin, Mrs. John Sayre, Jr. Martin, Mrs. Louise C. M. Marx, Archibald B. Mastri, Dr. Aquil Matchett, Hugh M. Mathewson, Lynn L. Mathieu, Auguste Mattes, Harold C. Matthews, Francis E. Matthews, J. H. Mautner, Leo A. Maxwell, Mrs. Augustus K. Maxwell, Lee R. May, Sol Maybrun, Arthur E. Mayer, Edwin W. C. Mayer, Mrs. James Leo Mayer, Richard Maynard, Edwin T. Maynard, Robert W. Maywald, Elmer C. McAllister, H. J. McArthur, Mrs. S. W. McBride, W. Paul McCaffrey, J. L. McCain, Patrick D. McCaleb, Albert G. McCann, Charles J. McCarty, Miss Ada Marie McCoy, Charles S. McCreery, C. L. McCullough, Robert Osgood McCurdie, N. J. McDaniel, Mrs. Paul H. McDowell, Miss Ada V. McGraw, John F. McGregor, Robert C. McGuire, Simms D. McHenry, Irving McHenry, Roland McKay, Dwight McKay, Mi.ss Mabel McKibbin, Mrs. George B. McLaughlin, A. G. McLaughlin, Mrs. George D. McLaughlin, Dr. James H. McLaurin, John M. McMahon, Miss Nellie G. McMaster, A. B. McMullen, A. W. McNall, Quinlan J. McNally, Frederick L. McNamara, Donald McC. McNamara, Robert C. McNulty, James J. McSurelv, Mrs. William H. Medberry, Mrs. L. J. Meek, Miss Margaret E. Meers, James D. Meers, Miss Martha Megan, Graydon Mehan, J. H. Mekler, L. A. Mentzer, John P. Merkle, B. J. Merritt, Thomas W. Mertz, Miss Henriette Metcalf, Gordon M. MetcofT, Eli Metzenberg, John B. Meyer, Albert F. Meyer, Mrs. Alfred C. 131 ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued) Meyer, Stanton M. Meyer, Wallace Meyerson, Joel Michaelsen, Christian S. Michalaros, Demetrios Milbrook, A. T. Millard, A. E. Millard, Mrs. E. L. Miller, Amos C. Miller, Dr. C. 0. Miller, Charles L. Miller, Claude R. Miller, Mrs. Grace Edwards Miller, Karl B. Miller, M. Glen Miller, W. S. Miller, William H. Milleren, Glenn A. Milles, Leo H. MilHken, J. H. Mills, Ben Mills, Mrs. Herbert S., Jr. Milnor, George S. Mirabella, Mrs. S. F. Miske, Erwin K. Mitchell, Harry L. Mitchell, Mrs. James Herbert Mitchell, Mrs. R. B. Mizen, Frederic Kimball Modene, Oscar F. Mohr, Albert, Jr. Mollendorf, J. D. Molter, Harold Monroe, Walter D. Monsen, Myron T. Moore, Donald F. Moore, Dr. E. M. Moore, Harold A. Moore, Harold T. Moore, Dr. Josiah J. Moore, Kenneth W. Moore, Lucien W. Moore, Oscar L. Moorman, Charles L. Moran, John T. Morgan, Fred C. Morgaridge, K. E. Mork, P. R. Morris, Milton H. Morrow, Mrs. John, Jr. Mossman, John E. Moulder, P. V. Mower, Mrs. Delia Moyer, E. J. T. Mudd, Mrs. J. A., Jr. Mudge, Frederick S. Mueller, Mrs. Florian Mueller, Richard Muench, C. G. Muir, Edward G. Mulcahy, Mrs. Michael F. Mulford, Holbrook Mullady, Walter F. Mulligan, Joseph B. Mullin, Miss Frances M. Mullins, Harley W. Munnecke, Mrs. Wilbur C. Munsert, Mrs. Helen W. Munson, Lyle Murchison, T. E. Murphy, J. P. Murphy, P. M. Murphy, Thomas J., Jr. Murray, Dr. Alfred N. Murray, M. W. Murray, William M. Musick, Philip Lee Myers, Harold B. Myers, Milton M. Nacey, Harry M. Naffz, Mrs. L. E. Nafziger, R. L. Nash, R. D. Nath, Bernard Nau, Otto J'. Nauman, J. C. Neff, Ward A. Nelson, Charles M. Nelson, Earl W. Nelson, Mrs. Henri E. Ness, J. Stanley Newberger, Ralph Newcomer, Mrs. Paul Newman, Charles H. Newman, Mrs. Jacob Newton, Dr. Roy C. Nichols, Donald E. Nichols, Dr. Harry Nielsen, Thorvald Nilson, Alfred R. Nisen, Charles M. Noble, Guy L. Nolte, Mrs. Charles B. Norris, Mrs. James North, Mrs. F. S. North, Harold F. Norton, G. A. Norton, Harold K. Norton, Thomas L. Notz, Mrs. John K. Novotny, Richard R. Nussear, George S. Nyhan, Thomas J. Nylander, Dr. Victor T. Oberhelman, Dr. Harry A. Oberne, George S. O'Brien, M. J. Ochsner, Dr. Edward H. O'Connell, Dr. John S. Ogilvie, Alexander W. T. Ogilvie, Elmer E. O'Hara, Arthur J. O'Hearn, Rev. John J. O'Keefe, John F. Oleson, Philip H. Olin, Mrs. David Olin, Edward L. Oliver, James P. Oliver, Dr. Marguerite Olsen, Dr. Charles W. Olsen, Harvey W. Olson, Benjamin Franklin Olson, Edward M. Olson, H. Edsall O'Neal, William James O'Neill, Dr. Eugene J. Opeka, Frank M. Oppenheimer, Alvin Orban, Dr. Balint Orschel, Albert K. Osanai, Mrs. Mary M. Osborne, W. Irving, Jr. Ossendorflf, Dr. K. W. Ostrander, E. L. Overend, Robert B. Overmyer, Franklin R. Owen, Robert R. Paddock, Forrest G. Palmer, Mrs. Claude Irwin Palmer, Curtis H. Pandaleon, Costa A. Parker, Austin H. Parker, Miss Edith P. Parker, George S. Parks, Burritt A. Parks, Robey Parrott, George H. Parry, Mrs. Norman G. Patch, A. Huntington Patterson, W. A. Patterson, William F. Pauley, Clarence O. Paulus, Mrs. Max G. Payson, Randolph Peabody, Mrs. Stuyvesant Pearce, Charles S. Pearson, Mrs. George Peirce, Mrs. Clarence A. Pencik, Mrs. Miles F. Pendergast, Frank Pendleton, Maurice B. Pennebaker, Elliott H. Pennebaker, John Paul Penner, Louis L. Penner, Samuel 132 ANNUAL MEMBERS (Contiyiued) Peponis, Arthur H. Perin, Reuben L. Perlman, I. B. Perlman, Morris Perlstein, Mrs. Harris Perreault, Earl E. Perrv, Arthur C. Person, Dr. Allgot G. Peterkin, Daniel, Jr. Peterson, V. W. Petrie, John Petrie, Morton H. Pettibone, Holman D. Pfaelzer, Mrs. Monroe Pflager, Charles W. Phelps, Erastus R. Phelps, William Henry Phillips, Arno H. Phillips, Mrs. Howard C. Picha, Miss Sylvia M. Picher, WiUiam S. Pick, Joseph Richard Pier, H. M. Pillinger, Douglass Pillsbury, Mrs. Charles S. Pirie, Mrs. S. C, Jr. Pitman, Mrs. Harold M. Pitt, A. A. Pletz, S. R. Plimpton, Miss Bonita V. Plotkin, Mrs. Oscar H. Plummer, Daniel C, Jr. Plunkett, Paul M. Poe, Miss Frances Pollock, Mrs. Lewis J. Pond, Mrs. Harold M. Pond, M. C. Pontius, Mrs. G. V. Pope, George J. Pope, Mrs. Henry, Jr. Pope, Mrs. S. Austin Pope, Sidney T. Porter, Dr. George J. Post, Myron H. Potter, Mrs. T. A. Power, John W. Powers, William F. Poyer, Stephen A. Praed, William G. Praeger, Charles H. Pratt, J. H. Preble, Robert C. Preikschat, Ray W. Prentice, J. Rockefeller Press, Robert Preus, J. A. 0. Price, Allen H. Price, Mrs. George E. Price, Griswold A. Price, John C. Priest, MacMillan Prietsch, Miss Mary Jeannette Prince, William Wood Prindle, James H. Pritchard, N. H. Proby, Dr. Edmund A. Prosser, John A. Pruitt, Raymond S. Quackenbush, E. W. Quan, John B. Quisenberry, T. E. Radack, Mrs. Dorothy W. Randall, Frank A. Randolph, Murray Rane, Max R. Ranney, Mrs. George A. Rappold, Samuel R. Rasmussen, Frank Ray, Mrs. Herbert S. Raymond, Mrs. Clifford S. Rayner, Lawrence Rayunec, Miss Ollie Reace, William T. Read, Freeman C. Ready, Charles H. Reed, Mrs. Frank C. Reese, Mrs. C. W. Reilly, Vincent P. Rein, Lester E. Reiser, Miss Irene K. Renholm, Harold A. Renier, Edward P. Renken, Miss Martha Renouf, William ReQua, Mrs. Charles H. Resag, Horace J. Reskin, Charles G. Revelli, Mrs. Yvonne Sohn Reynolds, Mrs. Agnes H. Reynolds, Mrs. Thomas A. Richards, Oron E. Richert, John C. Ricker, Jewett E. Ricks, Ivan Riggs, Mrs. Joseph A. Riggs, Dr. Lloyd K. Riley, John H. Rinaker, Samuel M. Ritter, Miss Lavinia Rix, Bernard J. Robbins, Burr L. Robbins, Mrs. Charles C. Robbins, Laurence B. Roberts, J. K. Roberts, Miss Margaret A. Robertson, Egbert Robertson, Theodore B. Robinson, Mi.ss Nellie Robinson, Sanger P. Robson, Mrs. Oscar Rocca, Mrs. Josephine Roche, Burke B. Roche, Mrs. Donald M. Roche, John Pierre Rochlitz, O. A. Rockhold, Mrs. Charles W. Rockwell, Theodore G. Roden, Carl B. Rodger, John H. Roefer, Henry A. Rogers, Mrs. J. B. Rogers, Miss Martha Jane Rogers, Milton P. Rogers, Thomas W. Roman, B. F. Ronning, Magnus I. Roos, Edwin J. Rootberg, Philip Rosenbaum, Mrs. Joseph Rosenberg, Ben L. Rosenberg, Mrs. Bernhard Rosenfels, Mrs. Irwin S. Rosenson, Herzl Rosenthal, M. A. Rosenthal, Mrs. N. H. Ross, Earl Ross, Dr. H. M. Ross, Dr. Chester John Ross, Joseph F. Ross, K. B. Ross, Dr. Martin T. Ross, Ralph H. Ross, Mrs. Sophie S. Rosset, Harry Roth, Arthur J. Rothschild, Mrs. Maurice L. Rowley, William A. Roy, Mrs. Rupert C. Rubert, William F. Rugen, Fred A. Ruskin, Mrs. Harry H. Rutherford, M. Drexel Ryan, Arnold W. Ryan, Mrs. Lawrence J. Ryerson, Mrs. Anthony M. Ryser, Adolph Saalfeld, Harry H. Sabin, Eben T. Sager, Mrs. S. Norman Saladin, Harry J. 133 ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued) Salberg, Emil B. Salk, Miss Betsy Ruth Sallemi, James V. Salomon, Ira Salomon, William E. Saltarelli, Dr. Gabriel Saltiel, Dr. Thomas P. Salzman, Philip H. Sampsell, Mrs. Joseph C. Samuels, Benjamin Sanborn, Mrs. V. C. Sandberg, Harry S. Sandberg, John V. Sandel, Mrs. Clara Sando, E. E. Sandrok, Edward G. Sandvold, Mrs. W. C. Sang, Philip D. Sapp, Warren H., Jr. Sauerman, John A. Saunders, Thomas W. Sayers, Mrs. A. J. Sayre, Dr. Loren D. Scalbom, O. Trumbull Scalbom, Oscar L. Scanlan, Thomas P. Scarborough, Mrs. Henry Schaar, B. E. Schaffner, Arthur B. Schaffner, Miss Marion Schalla, Ralph W. Scheinfeld, Aaron Schelly, Mrs. Herbert S. Schenker, Ben W. Scheuber, Alphons J. Schiff, Max Schiller, Dr. A. L. Schiltz, M. A. Schipfer, Dr. L. A. Schlatter, Miss Nina E. Schlossberg, Mrs. Harry Schlossberg, Max Schlossman, Norman J. Schmidt, George A. Schmidt, Mrs. Siegfried G. Schmus, Elmer E. Schneider, Benjamin B. Schnering, Robert B. Schnur, Joseph M. Schnute, Dr. William J. Schobinger, Miss Elsie Schoeneberger, Charles A. Scholl, Bertha M. Schott, Harold C. Schottenhamel, Mrs. Max P. Schuetz, Ralph E. Schulz, George H. Schulze, Paul Schuman, J. R. Schureman, Jean L. Schuttler, Mrs. Peter Schuyler, L. H. Schwab, Laurence E. Schwab, Raymond J. Schwab, Dr. Walford A. Schwartz, Joseph Schwartz, Milton H. Schwartz, Selwyn S. Schweitzer, E. O. Schwemm, Earl M. Sciaky, Mario M. Scofield, Clarence P. Scott, Mrs. Cortlandt N. Scott, Frederick H. Scott, George A. H. Scudder, Mrs. Barrett Seaberg, Edward R. Searles, Donald K. Seaverns, George A., Jr. Secord, Burton F. Seder, A. R. Segal, Myron M. Segal, Victor Segil, Harold T. Selbv, J. F. Selfridge, Calvin F. Selig, Lester N. Sellers, Paul A. Selz, A. K. Senear, Dr. F. E. Sexton, Mrs. Thomas G. Shapiro, Joseph R. Shaw, John L Shav, Grant F. Shedd, Mrs. Charles C. Sheffer, K. A. Shennan, A. G. Shepard, Robert Philip Sheridan, Leo J. Sherman, H. C. Shirk, Miss Lydia E. Shlopack, Wallace B. Shrader, Frank K. Shroyer, Malcolm E. Shuflitowski, Joseph T. Sibley, Joseph C, Jr. Sieger, Joseph F. Sillani, Mrs. Mabel W. Silverman, Harry Silverstein, Milton Sima, Dr. Charles A. Simmons, William P. Simpson, Bruce L. Singer, William A. Sinnerud, Dr. O. P. Slamin, Henry A. Slasor, Floyd Sloan, William F. Smaha, O. O. Smalley, B. L. Smalley, Dr. Charles Smart, David A. Smerz, E. J. Smick, Robert W. Smith, Mrs. G. O. Smith, George W. Smith, Dr. H. Reginald Smith, H. S. Smith, Harold A. Smith, Harry E., Jr. Smith, John F., Jr. Smith, Joseph Herbert Smith, Monroe A., Jr. Smith, Reynold S. Smith, Robert C. Snider, Dr. S. Sinclair Snydacker, Mrs. E. F. Sola, Joseph G. Sollitt, Mrs. Ralph T. Sollitt, Sumner S. Somes, J. J. Sonne, Mrs. Fred T. Sonnenschein, Mrs. Edward Sorley, Dr. Milford S. Soukup, Mrs. Raymond J. Speed, Dr. Kellogg Spencer, Arthur T. Sperry, Mrs. Albert F. Spiegel, Miss Katherine J. Spiegel, Mrs. Philip Spielmann, Willson Spiess, Carlos A. Spieth, Mrs. Angeline Spitz, M. W. Spivack, Dr. Julius L. Springsguth, Robert C. Staffelbach, Earl T. Stahl, Felix B. Stanbery, J. N. Stanton, Mrs. John W. Stanton, Lyman A. Starrett, Miss Carolyn J. Starshak, A. L. Stathas, P. P. Steffen, Charles Steffey, D. Earl Steger, Miss Josephine Stein, Mrs. Henry L. Stein, Mrs. S. Sidney Steins, Mrs. Halsey Steinwedell, William Stemm, R. Edward Stensgaard, W. L. Stephens, Miss Laura G. Stern, David B., Jr. Stern, Herbert L. Stern, Herbert L., Jr. Stern, Jacob S. Steuer, Mrs. Joseph True Stevens, Miss Charlotte M. 134 ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued) Stevens, Mrs. R. St. John Stevenson, Mrs. Adlai E. Stevenson, Miss Lillian Stevers, Martin D. Stewart, E. E. Stewart, George R. Stibgen, Geary V. Stifler, Mrs. J. M. Stiles, J. P., Jr. Stoehr, Kurt Stoetzel, Herbert W. StoflFels, Oscar A. Stokes, Mrs. Edward J. Stolle, Arthur E. Stone, Dr. F. Lee Stone, Mrs. John Sheppard Stone, Saul Storkan, Mrs. James Stormont, Dr. D. L. Storms, North Stout, Frederick E. Straka, Frank B. Stransky, Franklin J. Stratton, Mrs. E. W. Stratton, Paul Stratton, Robert C. Straus, Harry C. Straus, Mrs. Robert E. Stresenreuter, Mrs. Charles H. Stresen-Reuter, Frederick A. Strodel, P. A. Strohmeier, Dr. Otto E. Strong, Joseph L. Strong, M. D. Stuart, Robert K. Stuart, William M. Stude, Henry Stumes, Charles B. Sturla, Harry L. Sudler, Carroll H., Jr. Sullivan, Joseph P. Suyker, Hector Swift, T. Philip Switzer, Mrs. James W. Symes, J. M. Symmes, William H. Symonds, Merrill Tadrowski, Anton J. Talbot, Mrs. Eugene S., Jr. Tannenbaum, Dr. Karl H. Tarlow, Dr. Lillian S. Tarnopol, Emil Tarrson, Albert J. Tartak, Paul H. Tatge, Paul W. Tatman, James H. Taussig, Mrs. J. M. Taylor, Mrs. A. Thomas Taylor, Fitzhugh Taylor, George H. Taylor, Mrs. Samuel G. Tegarden, J. E. Teich, Mrs. Ernest A. Temps, Leupold Teninga, Alfred J. Tenney, Henry F. Theiss, Otto H. Thomas, Mrs. John W., Sr. Thomas, Lee B. Thompson, Mrs. G. F. Thompson, Dr. Willard 0. Thorek, Dr. Philip Thoren, Mrs. J. N. Thorne, Mrs. Gordon C. Thorson, Reuben Throop, Mrs. George Enos Thurrott, J. Angus Tichy, Dr. Elsie M. Tighe, Thomas Timmings, G. H. Timpson, Mrs. T. William Tippens, Mrs. Albert H. Todd, A. Tomhave, Mrs. William H. Tonk, Percy A. Toomin, Philip R. Topaz, Martin Toren, E. Clifford Torrence, George P. Towne, Claude Towner, Mrs. Frank H. Townley, Mrs. Paula H. Townley, W. Fred Townsend, Hubert F. Traver, George W. Traynor, William B. Traynor, William Knowlton Tregenza, A. E. Trier, Robert Troeger, Louis P. Trumbull, Mrs. Charles L. Trumbull, Robert F. Trumbull, William M. Tucker, J. C. Turnbull, Mrs. George C. Turner, Mrs. Christopher F. Turner, G. H. Turner, Dr. Herbert A. Tuteur, Charles Tuteur, Irving M. Tyrrell, Miss Frances Ullmann, S. E. Unwin, Mrs. Parkinson Urban, Andrew Ursin, Mrs. Ben E. Utley, Mrs. Clifton M. Valentine, Andrew L. VanBuskirk, M. G. VanDahm, Peter VanDeventer, William E. VanHagen, Mrs. George E. VanNice, Errett VanSchaick, Mrs. Ethel R. Varel, Mrs. C. D. Varty, Leo G. Vastine, Lee B. Velde, James A. Velvel, Charles Vilsoet, William Vincent, James L. Vineyard, Philip W. Vloedman, Dr. D. A. Vogel, James B. Vogt, Earle E. Voltz, D. H. vonPerbandt, Mrs. Louis Vose, Mrs. Frederic P. Wach, Dr. Edward C. Wacker, Fred G. Wade, Glenn D. Wadler, Milton Arnold Wagner, Richard Wahl, Herman L. Wain, Mrs. Philip H. Waite, Roy E. Walcher, Alfred Waldeck, Herman Waldstein, Herman S. Walker, Dr. Alfred O. Walker, Wendell Wallace, Charles Ross Wallace, George H. Wallenstein, Sidney Waller, William, Jr. Wallgren, Eric M. Walsh, Donald J. Walsh, Dr. Eugene L. Walters, Gary G. Walz, John W. Wanzer, Howard H. Wardwell, H. F. Ware, John Angus Ware, Mrs. Robert R. Ware, Willis C. Warner, Ernest N. Warner, Mason 135 ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued) Warren, L. Parsons Warren, Patrick Warren, William G. Washburn, Dr. Kenneth C. Wasserman, Hy Wasson, Theron Waterhouse, Paul G. Watkins, Frank A. Watkins, Frederick A. Watkins, Mrs. Richard W. Watling, John Watt, Herbert J. Way, Mrs. Henry J. Weary, Allen M. Weaver, Sheldon A. Weber, James E. Webster, A. Webster, James Webster, Maurice Webster, N. C. Weeks, Miss Dorothy Weidert, William C. Weil, Mrs. Benjamin Weil, David M. Weiner, Charles Weiner, George H. Weinress, Morton Wemress, S. J. Weiser, Frederick S. Weismantel, Miss Theresa A. Weiss, Alexander Weiss, Louis A. Weissenborn, Leo Julius Weitzel, Carl J. Welch, R. T. Welch, W. M. Wells, Charles C. Wells, F. Harris Wescott, Dr. Virgil West, Alfred C. West, James D. West, Mrs. Mary Lavelle West, Dr. Olin Westerlin, Mrs. J. M. Wetmore, Horace O. Wexler, Mrs. Jerrold Wezeman, Frederick H. Wheeler, Mrs. Seymour Wheelock, Miss Ellen P. Whipple, Mrs. Jay N. Whipple, Miss Velma D. Whiston, Frank M. Whitaker, James E. White, Mrs. Harold R. White, William J. Whitelock, John B. Whitnell, Mrs. William W. Whitney, Mrs. Charles R. Whitney, Emerson C. Whyte, W. J. Wible, R. R. Wick, William D. Wickersham, Mrs. Lucille Wickland, Algot A. Wickman, C. E. Wigdahl, Edward H. Wilbur, Lawrence S. Wilby, A. C. Wilcox, Edward B. Wilcox, Mrs. Harold C. Wilcox, Howard A. Wilcoxson, Mrs. Arthur L. Wilds, John L. Wilev, Mrs. Edwin G. Wilhelm, Mrs. Frank E. Wilkinson, William D. Willard, Mrs. Charles H. Willard, Nelson W. Williams, Albert W. Williams, Mrs. Allan C, Jr. Williams, Harry W. Williams, Lawrence Williams, Ralph E. Williams, Thomas L. WilHngham, G. J. Wilson, Arlen J. Wilson, Mrs. Elizabeth C. Wilson, H. Fred Wilson, Holmes Wilson, Percival C. Wilson, Miss S. Edna Wing, Wallace E. Winsberg, Herbert H. Winsberg, Leo Winsberg, Samuel Winston, Mrs. Farwell Winterbotham, John R. Wise, Herman Wise, James E. Wiseman, William P. Witkowsky, James Wolf, Morris E. Wolff, Frank C. Wolff, Oscar M. Woltersdorf, Arthur F. Wood, Miss Aileen Wood, Edward W. Wood, F. Upton Wood, John W. Wood, Kenneth H. Wood, Milton G. Wood, Rev. Walter S. Woodson, William T. Woodward, Arthur H. Woodyatt, Dr. Rollin Turner Woolard, Francis C. Woolf, S. Roger Woollard, Ernest V. Worthy, Mrs. James C. Woulfe, Henry F. Wright, William Ryer Wright, Mrs. R. G. Wrisley, George A. Wrisley, L. Norton Yanofsky, Dr. Hyman Yates, John E. Yates, William H. Young, C. S. Youngberg, Arthur C. Youngren, W. W. Youngsma, T. S. Zadek, Milton Zahn, Louis Zaleski, Boleslaw Zangerle, A. Arthur Zelzer, Harry Zillman, Mrs. L. C. Zimmerman, Austin M. Zimmermann, Mrs. P. T. Zipse, Edwin W. Zischke, Herman Zitzewitz, Elmer K. Zolla, Abner M. Zusser, Maurice M. Aagard, Walter S. Alrutz, Dr. Louis F. Berger, E. M. Blake, Mrs. Freeman K. Channon, Carl Deceased, 1947 Christensen, Dr. Henry C. Clark, Robert H. Davis, Mrs. F. Ben Freund, Erwin O. Graves, Mrs. Marie J. Harrold, James P. Hokin, Mrs. David E. Jewett, George F. 136 ANNUAL MEMBERS {Continued) Deceased, 1947 (.Continued) Kraemer, Leo Prescott, Morton S. Turner, Frederick W. Matheny, Willard R. Reeensbure James Warr, Harold G. Miller, Edward L. & &, - Webster, Harry C. Moore, Mrs. Agnes C. Schwab, Martin C. Werth, A. Herman Murphy, Henry C. Strauch, Dr. August Wood, Harvey E. 137 Articles of Incorporation STATE OF ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OP STATE William H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of State To All to Whom These Presents Shall Come, Greeting: Whereas, a Certificate duly signed and acknowledged having been filed in the office of the Secretary of State, on the 16th day of September, A.D. 1893, for the organization of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO, under and in accordance with the provisions of "An Act Concerning Corporations," approved April 18, 1872, and in force July 1, 1872, and all acts amendatory thereof, a copy of which certificate is hereto attached. Now, therefore, I, William H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of State of the State of Illinois, by virtue of the powers and duties vested in me by law, do hereby certify that the said COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO is a legally organized Corporation under the laws of this State. In Testimony Whereof, I hereto set my hand and cause to be affixed the Great Seal of State. Done at the City of Springfield, this 16th day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-three, and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and eighteenth. W. H. HINRICHSEN, [Seal] Secretary of State. TO HON. WILLIAM H. HINRICHSEN, Secretary of State: Sir: We, the undersigned citizens of the United States, propose to form a cor- poration under an act of the General Assembly of the State of Illinois, entitled "An Act Concerning Corporations," approved April 18, 1872, and all acts amenda- tory thereof; and that for the purposes of such organization we hereby state as follows, to-wit: 1. The name of such corporation is the "COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO." 2. The object for which it is formed is for the accumulation and dissemi- nation of knowledge, and the preservation and exhibition of objects illustrating Art, Archaeology, Science and History. 3. The management of the aforesaid museum shall be vested in a Board of Fifteen (15) Trustees, five of whom are to be elected every year. 4. The following named persons are hereby selected as the Trustees for the first year of its corporate existence: Edward E. Ayer, Charles B. Farwell, George E. Adams, George R. Davis, Charles L. Hutchinson, Daniel H. Burnham, John A. Roche, M. C. Bullock, Emil G. Hirsch, James W. Ellsworth, Allison V. Armour, O. F. Aldis, Edwin Walker, John C. Black and Frank W. Gunsaulus. 5. The location of the Museum is in the City of Chicago, County of Cook, and State of Illinois. (Signed) George E. Adams, C. B. Farwell, Sidney C. Eastman, F. W. Putnam, Robert McCurdy, Andrew Peterson, L. J. Gage, Charles L. Hutchinson, Ebenezer 138 Buckingham, Andrew McNally, Edward E. Ayer, John M. Clark, Herman H. Kohlsaat, George Schneider, Henry H. Getty, WilHam R. Harper, Franklin H. Head, E. G. Keith, J. Irving Pearce, Azel F. Hatch, Henry Wade Rogers, Thomas B. Bryan, L. Z. Leiter, A. C. Bartlett, A. A. Sprague, A. C. McClurg, James W. Scott, Geo. F. Bissell, John R. Walsh, Chas. Fitzsimmons, John A. Roche, E. B. McCagg, Owen F. Aldis, Ferdinand W. Peck, James H. Dole, Joseph Stockton, Edward B. Butler, John McConnell, R. A. Waller, H. C. Chatfield-Tavlor, A. Crawford, Wm. Sooy Smith, P. S. Peterson, John C. Black, Jno. J. Mitchell, C. F. Gunther, George R. Davis, Stephen A. Forbes, Robert W. Patterson, Jr., M. C. Bullock, Edwin Walker, George M. Pullman, William E. Curtis, James W. Ellsworth, William E. Hale, Wm. T. Baker, Martin A. Ryerson, Huntington W. Jackson, N. B. Ream, Norman Williams, Melville E. Stone, Bryan Lathrop, Eliphalet W. Blatchford, Philip D. Armour. State of Illinois 1 !■ ss. Cook County J I, G. R. Mitchell, a Notary Public in and for said County, do hereby certify that the foregoing petitioners personally appeared before me and acknowl- edged severally that they signed the foregoing petition as their free and voluntary act for the uses and purposes therein set forth. Given under my hand and notarial seal this 14th day of September, 1893. G. R. MITCHELL, [Seal] Notary Public, Cook County, III. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 1 Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 25th day of June, 1894, the name of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. A certificate to this effect was filed June 26, 1894, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 1 Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 8th day of November, 1905, the name of the FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. A certificate to this effect was filed November 10, 1905, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 3 Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 10th day of May, 1920, the management of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY shall be invested in a Board of Twenty-one (21) Trustees, who shall be elected in such manner and for such time and term of office as may be provided for by the By-Laws. A certificate to this effect was filed May 21, 1920, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 1 Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 15th day of November, 1943, the name of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY was changed to CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM. A certificate to this effect was filed November 23, 1943, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. 139 Amended By-Laws DECEMBER, 1945 ARTICLE I MEMBERS Section 1. Members shall be of twelve classes, Corporate Members, Hon- orary Members, Patrons, Corresponding Members, Benefactors, Contributors, Life Members, Non-Resident Life Members, Associate Members, Non-Resident Associate Members, Sustaining Members, and Annual Members. Section 2. The Corporate Members shall consist of the persons named in the articles of incorporation, and of such other persons as shall be chosen from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, upon the recom- mendation of the Executive Committee; provided, that such person named in the articles of incorporation shall, within ninety days from the adoption of these By-Laws, and persons hereafter chosen as Corporate Members shall, within ninety days of their election, pay into the treasury the sum of Twenty Dollars ($20.00) or more. Corporate Members becoming Life Members, Patrons or Honorary Members shall be exempt from dues. Annual meetings of said Corporate Members shall be held at the same place and on the same day that the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees is held. Section 3. Honorary Members shall be chosen by the Board from among persons who have rendered eminent service to science, and only upon unanimous nomination of the Executive Committee. They shall be exempt from all dues. Section 4. Patrons shall be chosen by the Board upon recommendation of the Executive Committee from among persons who have rendered eminent ser- vice to the Museum. They shall be exempt from all dues, and, by virtue of their election as Patrons, shall also be Corporate Members. Section 5. Any person contributing or devising the sum of One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000.00) in cash, or securities, or property to the funds of the Museum, may be elected a Benefactor of the Museum. Section 6. Corresponding Members shall be chosen by the Board from among scientists or patrons of science residing in foreign countries, who render important service to the Museum. They shall be elected by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings. They shall be exempt from all dues and shall enjoy all courtesies of the Museum. Section 7. Any person contributing to the Museum One Thousand Dollars ($1,000.00) or more in cash, securities, or material, may be elected a Contributor of the Museum. Contributors shall be exempt from all dues and shall enjoy all courtesies of the Museum. Section 8. Any person paying into the treasury the sum of Five Hundred Dollars ($500.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Life Member. Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to mem- bers of the Board of Trustees. Any person residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Non-Resident Life Member. Non-Resident Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to members of the Board of Trustees. Section 9. Any person paying into the treasury of the Museum the sum of One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) at any one time, shall, upon the vote of the Board, 140 0 ecome an Associate Member. Associate Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall be entitled to tickets admitting Member and members of family, includ- ing non-resident home guests; all publications of the Museum issued during the period of their membership, if so desired; reserved seats for all lectures and enter- tainments under the auspices of the Museum, provided reservation is requested in advance; and admission of holder of membership and accompanying party to all special exhibits and Museum functions day or evening. Any person residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of Fifty Dollars ($50.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Non-Resident Associate Member. Non-Resident Associate Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to Associate Members. Section 10. Sustaining Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of Twenty-five Dollars ($25.00), payable within thirty days after notice of election and within thirty days after each recurring annual date. This Sustaining Membership entitles the Member to free admission for the Mem- ber and family to the Museum on any day, the Annual Report and such other Museum documents or publications issued during the period of their membership as may be requested in writing. When a Sustaining Member has paid the annual fee of $25.00 for six years, such Member shall be entitled to become an A.ssociate Member. Section 11. Annual Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of Ten Dollars ($10.00), payable within thirty days after each recurring annual date. An Annual Membership shall entitle the Member to a card of admission for the Member and family during all hours when the Museum is open to the public, and free admission for the Member and family to all Museum lectures and entertainments. This membership will also entitle the holder to the courtesies of the membership privileges of every museum of note in the United States and Canada, so long as the existing system of co-operative interchange of membership tickets shall be maintained, including tickets for any lectures given under the auspices of any of the museums during a visit to the cities in which the co-operative museums are located. Section 12. All membership fees, excepting Sustaining and Annual, shall hereafter be applied to a permanent Membership Endowment Fund, the interest only of which shall be applied for the use of the Museum as the Board of Trustees may order. ARTICLE II BOARD OF trustees Section 1. The Board of Trustees shall consist of twenty-one members. The respective members of the Board now in office, and those who shall here- after be elected, shall hold office during life. Vacancies occurring in the Board shall be filled at a regular meeting of the Board, upon the nomination of the Executive Committee made at a preceding regular meeting of the Board, by a majority vote of the members of the Board present. Section 2. Regular meetings of the Board shall be held on the third Mon- day of the month. Special meetings may be called at any time by the President, and shall be called by the Secretary upon the written request of three Trustees. Five Trustees shall constitute a quorum, except for the election of officers or the adoption of the Annual Budget, when seven Trustees shall be required, but meet- ings may be adjourned by any less number from day to day, or to a day fixed, previous to the next regular meeting. Section 3. Rea.sonable written notice, designating the time and place of holding meetings, shall be given by the Secretary. ARTICLE III honorary trustees Section 1. As a mark of respect, and in appreciation of services performed for the Institution, any Trustee who by reason of inability, on account of change HI of residence, or for other cause or from indisposition to serve longer in such capa- city shall resign his place upon the Board, may be elected, by a majority of those present at any regular meeting of the Board, an Honorary Trustee for life. Such Honorary Trustee will receive notice of all meetings of the Board of Trustees, whether regular or special, and will be expected to be present at all such meetings and participate in the deliberations thereof, but an Honorary Trustee shall not have the right to vote. ARTICLE IV OFFICERS Section 1. The officers shall be a President, a First Vice-President, a Second Vice-President, a Third Vice-President, a Secretary, an Assistant Secretary and a Treasurer. They shall be chosen by ballot by the Board of Trustees, a majority of those present and voting being necessary to elect. The President, the First Vice-President, the Second Vice-President, and the Third Vice-President shall be chosen from among the members of the Board of Trustees. The meeting for the election of officers shall be held on the third Monday of January of each year, and shall be called the Annual Meeting. Section 2. The officers shall hold office for one year, or until their suc- cessors are elected and qualified, but any officer may be removed at any regular meeting of the Board of Trustees by a vote of two-thirds of all the members of the Board. Vacancies in any office may be filled by the Board at any meeting. Section 3. The officers shall perform such duties as ordinarily appertain to their respective offices, and such as shall be prescribed by the By-Laws, or designated from time to time by the Board of Trustees. ARTICLE V THE TREASURER Section 1. The Treasurer shall be custodian of the funds of the Corpora- tion, except as hereinafter provided. He shall make disbursements only upon warrants, signed by such officer, or officers, or other persons as the Board of Trustees may from time to time designate. Section 2. The securities and muniments of title belonging to the cor- poration shall be placed in the custody of some Trust Company of Chicago to be designated by the Board of Trustees, which Trust Company shall collect the income and principal of said securities as the same become due, and pay same to the Treasurer, except as hereinafter provided. Said Trust Company shall allow access to and deliver any or all securities or muniments of title to the joint order of the following officers, namely: the President or one of the Vice- Presidents, jointly with the Chairman, or one of the Vice-Chairmen, of the Finance Committee of the Museum. The President or any one of the Vice-Presidents, jointly with either the Chairman or any one of the other members of the Finance Committee, are authorized and empowered (a) to sell, assign and transfer as a whole or in part the securities owned by or registered in the name of the Chicago Natural History Museum, and, for that purpose, to endorse certificates in blank or to a named person, appoint one or more attorneys, and execute such other instru- ments as may be necessary, and (b) to cause any securities belonging to this Corpo- ration now, or acquired in the future, to be held or registered in the name or names of a nominee or nominees designated by them. Section 3. The Treasurer shall give bond in such amount, and with such sureties as shall be approved by the Board of Trustees. Section 4. The Harris Trust & Savings Bank of Chicago shall be Cus- todian of "The N. W. Harris Public School Extension of the Chicago Natural History Museum" fund. The bank shall make disbursements only upon warrants drawn by the Director and countersigned by the President. In the absence or inability of the Director, warrants may be signed by the Chairman of the Finance Committee, and in the absence or inability of the President, may be countersigned by one of the Vice-Presidents, or any member of the Finance Committee. 142 ARTICLE VI THE DIRECTOR Section 1. The Board of Trustees shall elect a Director of the Museum, who shall remain in office until his successor shall be elected. He shall have im- mediate charge and supervision of the Museum, and shall control the operations of the Institution, subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees and its Com- mittees. The Director shall be the official medium of communication between the Board, or its Committees, and the scientific staff and maintenance force. Section 2. There shall be four scientific Departments of the Mu.seum— Anthropology, Botany, Geology, and Zoology— each under the charge of a Chief Curator, subject to the authority of the Director. The Chief Curators shall be appointed by the Board upon the recommendation of the Director, and shall serve during the pleasure of the Board. Subordinate staff officers in the scientific Depart- ments shall be appointed and removed by the Director upon the recommendation of the Chief Curators of the respective Departments. The Director shall have authority to employ and remove all other employees of the Museum. Section 3. The Director shall make report to the Board at each regular meeting, recounting the operations of the Museum for the previous month. At the Annual Meeting, the Director shall make an Annual Report, reviewing the work for the previous year, which Annual Report shall be published in pamphlet form for the information of the Trustees and Members, and for free distribution in such number as the Board may direct. ARTICLE VII the auditor Section 1. The Board shall appoint an Auditor, who shall hold his office during the pleasure of the Board. He shall keep proper books of account, setting forth the financial condition and transactions of the Corporation, and of the Museum, and report thereon at each regular meeting, and at such other times as may be required by the Board. He shall certify to the correctness of ail bills rendered for the expenditure of the money of the Corporation. ARTICLE VIII committees Section L There shall be five Committees, as follows: Finance, Building, Auditing, Pension, and Executive. Section 2. The Finance Committee shall consist of not less than five or more than seven members, the Auditing and Pension Committees shall each consist of three members, and the Building Committee shall consist of five members. All members of these four Committees shall be elected by ballot by the Board at the Annual Meeting, and shall hold office for one year, and until their successors are elected and qualified. In electing the members of these Committees, the Board shall designate the Chairman and Vice-Chairman by the order in which the mem- bers are named in the respective Committee; the first member named shall be Chairman, the second named the Vice-Chairman, and the third named, Second Vice-Chairman, succession to the Chairmanship being in this order in the event of the absence or disability of the Chairman. Section 3. The Executive Committee shall consist of the President of the Board, the Chairman of the Finance Committee, the Chairman of the Building Committee, the Chairman of the Auditing Committee, the Chairman of the Pension Committee, and three other members of the Board to be elected by ballot at the Annual Meeting. Section 4. Four members shall constitute a quorum of the Executive Com- mittee, and in all standing Committees two members shall constitute a quorum. In the event that, owing to the absence or inability of members, a quorum of the regularly elected members cannot be present at any meeting of any Com- mittee, then the Chairman thereof, or his succes.sor, as herein provided, may summon any members of the Board of Trustees to act in place of the ab.sentee. 143 Section 5. The Finance Committee shall have supervision of investing the endowment and other funds of the Corporation, and the care of such real estate as may become its property. It shall have authority to make and alter investments from time to time, reporting its actions to the Board of Trustees. The Finance Committee is fully authorized to cause any funds or investments of the Corpora- tion to be made payable to bearer, and it is further authorized to cause real estate of the Corporation, its funds and investments, to be held or registered in the name of a nominee selected by it. Section 6. The Building Committee shall have supervision of the con- struction, reconstruction, and extension of any and all buildings used for Museum purposes. Section 7. The Executive Committee shall be called together from time to time as the Chairman may consider necessary, or as he may be requested to do by three members of the Committee, to act upon such matters affecting the administration of the Museum as cannot await consideration at the Regular Monthly Meetings of the Board of Trustees. It shall, before the beginning of each fiscal year, prepare and submit to the Board an itemized Budget, setting forth the probable receipts from all sources for the ensuing year, and make recom- mendations as to the expenditures which should be made for routine maintenance and fixed charges. Upon the adoption of the Budget by the Board, the expendi- tures stated are authorized. Section 8. The Auditing Committee shall have supervision over all account- ing and bookkeeping, and full control of the financial records. It shall cause the same, once each year, or oftener, to be examined by an expert individual or firm, and shall transmit the report of such expert individual or firm to the Board at the next ensuing regular meeting after such examination shall have taken place. Section 9. The Pension Committee shall determine by such means and processes as shall be established by the Board of Trustees to whom and in what amount the Pension Fund shall be distributed. These determinations or findings shall be subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees. Section 10. The Chairman of each Committee shall report the acts and proceedings thereof at the next ensuing regular meeting of the Board. Section 11. The President shall be ex-ofiicio a member of all Committees and Chairman of the Executive Committee. Vacancies occurring in any Com- mittee may be filled by ballot at any regular meeting of the Board. ARTICLE IX nominating committee Section 1. At the November meeting of the Board each year, a Nomi- nating Committee of three shall be chosen by lot. Said Committee shall make nominations for membership of the Finance Committee, the Building Committee, the Auditing Committee, and the Pension Committee, and for three members of the Executive Committee, from among the Trustees, to be submitted at the ensuing December meeting and voted upon at the following Annual Meeting in January. ARTICLE X Section 1. Whenever the word "Museum" is employed in the By-Laws of the Corporation, it shall be taken to mean the building in which the Museum as an Institution is located and operated, the material exhibited, the material in study collections, or in storage, furniture, fixtures, cases, tools, records, books, and all appurtenances of the Institution and the workings, researches, installa- tions, expenditures, field work, laboratories, library, publications, lecture courses, and all scientific and maintenance activities. Section 2. The By-Laws, and likewise the Articles of Incorporation, may be amended at any regular meeting of the Board of Trustees by a vote in favor thereof of not less than two-thirds of all the members present, provided the amendment shall have been proposed at a preceding regular meeting. 144 m^i'-^'^:'"'- i UNIVEBSITV OF ILLINOIS-UBBANA