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LI B R.AR.Y
OF THE U N I VLRS ITY Of ILLl NOIS
507 F45 1949-55
i
CENTRAL CIRCULATION BOOKSTACKS
The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its renewal or its return to the library from which it was borrowed on or before the Latest Date stamped below. You may be charged a minimum fee of $75.00 for each lost book.
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
MAY 1 7 1395
MAY 1 5 1995
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ANNUAL REPORT
1950
Chicago Natural History Museum
SAMUEL INSULL, JR. Third Vice-President of the Museum
Member of the Board of Trustees since 1929
Chairman of the Pension Committee
Member of the Executive Committee
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
Report of the Director
to the
Board of Trustees
for the year 1950
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS JANUARY 1951
^E LIBRARY OF THE
SEP 5 -1951
iimwcoctTY n- It LtNOlS
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS
Iq 50
Contents
PAGE
Former Officers 10
Former Members of the Board of Trustees 11
Officers, Trustees, and Committees, 1950 12
List of Staff, 1950 13
Report of the Director 19
Membership 23
James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation 24
N. W. Harris Public School Extension 26
Department of Anthropology 33
Department of Botany 42
Department of Geology 49
Department of Zoology 55
Library 63
Public Relations 67
Photography and Illustrations 69
Motion Pictures 69
Publications and Printing 70
Maintenance, Construction, and Engineering 86
Financial Statements 89
Attendance and Door Receipts 90
Accessions, 1950 91
Members of the Museum 103
Benefactors 103
Honorary Members 103
Patrons 103
Corresponding Members 104
Contributors 104
Corporate Members 105
Life Members 106
Non-Resident Life Members 107
Associate Members 107
Non-Resident Associate Members 121
Sustaining Members 121
Annual Members 121
Articles of Incorporation 136
Amended By-Laws 138
Illustrations
PAGE
Samuel Insull, Jr., Third Vice-President frontispiece
Michigan Avenue Sky Line, from the Museum 9
Chicago Natural History Museum 18
Boardman Conover, 1892-1950 21
Raymond Foundation Tour for School Children 24
Portable Exhibit, N. W. Harris Public School Extension 27
Sioux Indians Visit the Museum 30
Tularosa Cave, New Mexico 34
Excavations on Saipan, Mariana Islands 37
Pawnee Thunder Ceremony 41
Corn from Tularosa Cave 43
Desert Scene near Tucson, Arizona 46
George Langford, Curator of Fossil Plants 50
Nodules 51
Skeleton of Bradysaurus haini 54
New Quarters of Division of Fishes 57
Land Leeches 58
Collecting in Wild Cat Cave 61
Cataloguing Department, Museum Library 64
Development of Young Birds 68
Art Students 74
Nature-Study Course 77
Ginger Lily 81
Checking the Layout 87
Chicago Natural History Museum, formerly Field Museum of Natural History, faces Roosevelt Road at Lake Shore Drive. It is open every day except Christmas and New Year's Day and may be reached by elevated or surface railways. South Shore and Illmois Central suburban trains, or bus. There is ample free parking space.
MICHIGAN AVENUE SKY LINE, FROM THE MUSEUM
Fo
rmer
Off
icers
PRESIDENTS
FIRST VICE-PRESIDENTS
SECOND VICE-PRESIDENTS
THIRD VICE-PRESIDENTS
SECRETARIES
TREASURERS
DIRECTORS
Edward E. Ayer* 1894-1898
Harlow N. Higinbotham* 1898-1908
Martin A. Ryerson* 1894-1932
Albert A. Sprague* 1933-1946
Norman B. Ream* 1894-1902
Marshall Field, Jr.* 1902-1905
Stanley Field 1906-1908
Watson F. Blair* 1909-1928
Albert A. Sprague* 1929-1932
James Simpson* 1933-1939
Silas H. Strawn* 1940-1946
Albert A. Sprague* 1921-1928
James Simpson* 1929-1932
Albert W. Harris 1933-1941
Ralph Metcalf 1894
George Manierre* 1894-1907
Frederick J. V. Skiff* 1907-1921
D. C. Davies* 1921-1928
Stephen C. SIMMS* 1928-1937
Byron L. Smith* 1894-1914
Frederick J. V. Skiff* 1893-1921
D. C. Davies* 1921-1928
Stephen C. SIMMS* 1928-1937
* Deceased
10
Former Members of the
Board of Trustees
George E. Adams,* 1893-1917
Owen F. Alois,* 1893-1898
Allison V. Armour,* 1893-1894
Edward E. Ayer,* 1893-1927
John C. Black,* 1893 1894
M. C. Bullock,* 1893-1894
Daniel H. Burnham,* 1893-1894
George R. Davis,* 1893-1899
James W. Ellsworth,* 1893-1894
Charles B. Farwell,* 1893-1894
Frank W. Gunsaulus,* 1893-1894,
1918-1921
Emil G. Hirsch,* 1893-1894
Charles L. Hutchinson,* 1893-1894
John A. Roche,* 1893-1894
Martin A. Ryerson,* 1893-1932
Edwin Walker,* 1893-1910
Watson F. Blair,* 1894-1928
William J. Chalmers,* 1894-1938
Harlow N. Higinbotham,* 1894-1919
Huntington W. Jackson,* 1894-1900
Arthur B. Jones,* 1894-1927
George Manierre,* 1894-1924
Cyrus H. McCormick,* 1894-1936
Norman B. Ream,* 1894-1910
Norman Williams,* 1894-1899
* Deceased
Marshall Field, Jr.,* 1899-1905
Frederick J. V. Skiff,* 1902-1921
George F. Porter,* 1907-1916
Richard T. Crane, Jr.,* 1908-1912,
1921-1931
John Barton Payne,* 1910-1911
Albert A. Sprague,* 1910-1946
Chauncey Keep,* 1915-1929
Henry Field,* 1916-1917
William Wrigley, Jr.,* 1919-1931
John Borden, 1920-1938
Albert W. Harris, 1920-1941
James Simpson,* 1920-1939
Harry E. Byram,* 1921-1928
Ernest R. Graham,* 1921-1936
D. C. Davies,* 1922-1928
Charles H. Markham,* 1924-1930
Silas H. Strawn,* 1924-1946
Frederick H. Rawson,* 1927-1935
Stephen C. Simms,* 1928-1937
William V. Kelley,* 1929-1932
Fred W. Sargent,* 1929-1939
Leslie Wheeler,* 1934-1937
Charles A. McCulloch,* 1936-1945
Theodore Roosevelt,* 1938-1944
Boardman Conover,* 1940-1950
11
Officers^ Trustees^ and Committees^ 1950
OFFICERS
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
COMMITTEES
Stanley Field, President Marshall Field, First Vice-President Albert B. Dick, Jr., Second Vice-President Samuel Insull, Jr., Third Vice-President Solomon A. Smith, Treasurer Clifford C. Gregg, Secretary John R. Millar, Assistant Secretary
Lester Armour Sewell L. Avery Wm. McCormick Blair Leopold E. Block Boardman Conover* Walter J. Cummings Albert B. Dick, Jr. Howard W. Fenton Joseph N. Field Marshall Field
John P.
Marshall Field, Jr. Stanley Field Samuel Insull, Jr. Henry P. Isham Hughston M. McBain William H. Mitchell Clarence B. Randall George A. Richardson Solomon A. Smith Albert H. Wetten Wilson
Executive— Stanley Field, Solomon A. Smith, Albert H. Wetten, Wm. McCormick Blair, Samuel Insull, Jr., Marshall Field, John P. Wilson, Albert B. Dick, Jr.
A'nance— Solomon A. Smith, Leopold E. Block, Albert B. Dick, Jr., John P. Wilson, Walter J. Cummings, Albert H. Wetten, Henry P. Isham
Building— Albert H. Wetten, William H. Mitchell, Lester Armour, Joseph N. Field, Boardman Conover*
Auditing — Wm. McCormick Blair, Clarence B. Randall, Marshall Field, Jr.
Pension — Samuel Insull, Jr., Sewell L. Avery, Hughston M. McBain
* Deceased, 1950
12
List of Staff, 1950
DIRECTOR
DEPUTY DIRECTOR
DEPARTMENT
OF
ANTHROPOLOGY
DEPARTMENT
OF
BOTANY
Clifford C. Gregg
John R. Millar
Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator
Wilfrid D. Hambly, Curator, African Ethnology
T. George Allen, Research Associate, Egyptian
Archaeology Fay-Cooper Cole, Research Associate, Malaysian
Ethnology Alexander Spoehr, Curator, Oceanic Ethnology
Donald Collier, Curator, South American Ethnology and
Archaeology J. Eric Thompson, Research Associate, Central American
Archaeology A. L. Kroeber, Research Associate, American Archaeology John B. Rinaldo, Assistant Curator, Archaeology Elaine Bluhm, Assistant, Archaeology George I. Quimby, Curator of Exhibits Robert J. Braidwood, Research Associate, Old World
Prehistory Miguel Covarrubias, Research Associate, Primitive Art Alfred Lee Rowell, Dioramist Gustaf Dalstrom, Artist John Pletinckx, Ceramic Restorer Walter C. Reese, Preparator Paul J. Warner,* Preparator Agnes H. McNary, Departmental Secretary
Theodor Just, Chief Curator
B. E. Dahlgren, Curator Emeritus
Paul C. Standley, Curator Emeritus, Herbarium
Julian A. Steyermark, Curator, Herbarium
George A. Davis, Assistant, Herbarium
J. Francis Macbride, Curator, Peruvian Botany
Jose Cuatrecasas,! Curator, Colombian Botany
Earl E. Sherff, Research Associate, Systematic Botany
Francis Drouet, Curator, Cryptogamic Botany
Hanford Tiffany, Research Associate, Cryptogamic
Botany Donald Richards, Research Associate, Cryptogamic
Botany Hugh C. Cutler, Curator, Economic Botany
* Deceased, 1950 t Resigned, 1950
13
DEPARTMENT
OF
BOTANY
(Oontlnufd)
DEPARTMENT
OK GEOLOGY
DEPARTMENT
OK
ZOOLOGY
Llewelyn Williams, Associate, Forest Products
J. S. Daston, Assistatit, Botany
Emil Sella, Curator of Exhibits
Milton Copllos, Artist-Preparator
Samiel H. Grove, Jr., Artist-Prcparalor
P^kank Boryca, Prcparator
Mathias Dones, Preparator
Phyllis Wade, Departmental Secretary
Sharat K. Roy, Chief Curator Bryan Patterson, Curator, Fossil Mammals Rainer Zanc.erl, Curator, Fossil Reptiles Robert H. Denison, Curator, Fossil Fishes Albert A. Dahlberg, Research Associate, Fossil
Vertebrates Exerett C. Olson, Research Associate, Fossil Vertebrates Priscilla F. Turnbull, Assistant, Fossil V^ertebrates Eugene S. Richardson, Jr., Curator, Fossil Invertebrates George Langford, Curator, Fossil Plants R. H. Whitfield, Associate, Fossil Plants Violet S. Whitfield, Associate, Fossil Plants Ernst Antevs, Research Associate, Glacial Geology Robert K. Wyant, Curator, Economic Geology Harry E. Changnon, Curator of Exhibits Orville L. Gilpin, Chief Preparator, Fossils Henry Horb.ack, Preparator William D. Turnbull, Preparator Stanley Kuczek, Preparator Henry U. Taylor, Preparator John Conrad Hansen, Artist Joanne Neher, Departmental Secretary
Karl P. Schmidt, Chief Curator
Colin Campbell Sanborn, Curator, Mammals
Philip Hershkovitz, Assistant Curator, Mammals
Austin L. Rand, Curator, Birds
Emmet R. Blake, Associate Curator, Birds
Boardman Conover,* Research Associate, Birds
Louis B. Bishop,* Research Associate, Birds
RUDYERD Boulton, Research Associate, Birds
Melvin a. Traylor, Jr., Research Associate, Birds
Ellen T. Smith, Associate, Birds
Clifford H. Pope, Curator, Arnphibians and Reptiles
Ch'eng-chao Liu, Research Associate, Reptiles
Hymen Marx, Assistant, Reptiles
* Deceased, 1950
14
DEPARTMENT
OF
ZOOLOGY
(Continued)
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
DEPARTMENT OF
THE N. W. HARRIS
PUBLIC SCHOOL
EXTENSION
JAMES NELSON
AND
ANNA LOUISE
RAYMOND FOUNDATION
LoREN P. Woods, Curator, Fishes
Robert F. Inger, Assistant Curator, Fishes
Robert Kanazawa.I Assistant, Fishes
Marion Grey, Associate, Fishes
William J. Gerhard, Curator Emeritus, Insects
Rupert L. Wenzel, Curator, Insects
Henry S. Dybas, Associate Curator, Insects
Alfred E. Emerson, Research Associate, Insects
Gregorio Bondar, Research Associate, Insects
Charles H. Seevers, Research Associate, Insects
Alex K. Wyatt, Research Associate, Insects
August Ziemer, Assistant, Insects
Ruth Marshall, Research Associate, Arachnids
Fritz Haas, Curator, Lower Invertebrates
D. Dwight Davis, Curator, Vertebrate Anatomy
Dorothy B. Foss, Osteologist
R. M. Strong, Research Associate, Anatomy
Harry Hoogstraal, Field Associate
Leon L. Walters, Taxidermist
Frank C. Wonder, Taxidermist
Ronald J. Lambert, Assistant Taxidermist
Kenneth Woehlck,! Assistant Taxidermist
Carl W. Cotton, Assistant Taxidermist
Joseph B. Krstolich, Artist
Margaret G. Bradbury, Artist
Margaret J. Bauer, Departmental Secretary
Lillian A. Ross, Scientific Publications
Mary P. Murray, Assistant
Helen Atkinson MacMinn, Miscellaneous Publications
Richard A. Martin, Curator
Albert J. Franzen, Preparator and Taxidermist
Leonard Rosenthal, f Preparator
George Steinhardt, Assistant
Miriam Wood, Chief June Buchwald Lorain Farmer Marie Svoboda Harriet Smith Jane Sharpe Anne Stromquist
t Resigned, 1950
15
I UK l.W MAN LE(rri RER
nil I IIIK \KY
ACCOUNTING
HOOK SHOP
ADMINISTRATION AM) RECORDS
PUBLIC
RELATIONS
COINSEL
DIVISION OF MKMUKRSllIPS
DIVISIONS OF l>|IOIO(.R \PHV
\ND ILLUSTR \ I ION
Paul CJ. Dai.lwk;
Adiiiiitixtratiou:
Mkta p. HowkLL, Librarian
Kmii.v M. WiLUOxsoN.t Librarian Emerita
Louise Boynton Denison, Adminislratire Assistant
Classification and Cataloguing:
Eunice Marthens CiEMMILL, Associate Librarian
Dawn Davey, (lasnifier
M. Kll.EKN RocorUT, Cntnloijuer
Reference:
Rl'TH Debus, Reference Librarian
Winifred F.. VVeissman, Assistant Reference Librarian
Mary E. BABCOCK.t Assistant
William A. Bender, Auditor Benjamin Bridge,* Auditor Emeritus A. L. Stebbins, Assistant Auditor Robert E. Bruce, Purchasing Agent
Jessie Dudley, in charge
Susan M. Carpenter, Secretary to the Director
Marion G. Gordon, Registrar
Elsie H. Thomas, Recorder
Edna T. Eckert,! Assistant Recorder
Hilda Nordland, Assistant Recorder
E. Leland Webber, Assistant Recorder
Jeannette Forster, Assistant Recorder
H. B. Harte
Pearle Bilinske, in charge
Herman Abendroth.^ Photographer John BayaLIS, Photographer DoUC.LAS E. Tibbitts, Illustrator
: Retired, 1950 t Resigned, 1950 * Deceased, 1950
16
DIVISION OF MOTION PICTURES
DIVISION OF PRINTING
MAINTENANCE
ENGINEERING
THE GUARD
John W. Mover, in charge
Raymond H. Hallstein, in charge Harold M. Grutzmacher, Assistant
James R. Shouba, Superintendent
GUSTAV A. NOREN, Assistant Superintendent
William E. Lake, Chief Engineer Leonard Carrion, Assistant Chief Engineer
David J. Conwill,* Captain George Woodward, Captain
* Deceased, 1950
17
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atural History Museum
South Entrance
Annual Report
of the Director
To the Trustees:
I have the honor to present a report of the operation of the Museum for the year ending December 31, 1950.
This year brought about the completion of the modernization of the boiler plant. The total cost of the improvement amounted to $183,424.46, which expenditure reduced the Reserve for Deprecia- tion of Mechanical Plant to $36,213.55. An appropriation of $10,000 to the Depreciation Reserve during the year brought the total of that fund at the end of the year to $46,213.55.
The continuous expansion of the Museum's collections has brought about acute storage problems in many of the departments and divisions. In the Division of Fishes the situation had become such that immediate action to provide additional space was necessary. Not only was space limited but, in addition, the increasing weight of steel shelving, fish specimens, and the heavy glass jars of alcohol in which the specimens are preserved had so nearly reached the safety limits that the Board of Trustees decided to move the entire Division of Fishes to a location on the ground floor. During the year this tremendous move was accomplished, and the Division of Fishes is now housed in the ground-floor area formerly designated as Hall B. The construction includes the addition of several built-in concrete tanks for large specimens, chain and pulley equipment for handling, steel shelving and cases, and new modern offices. The
19
increase in storage capacity for our rapidly expanding collection of tishes will amount to at least fifty per cent. The sum of .$22,726.44 was spent during the year in preparing the new area for occupancy. Other plans have been developed that contemplate the moving and expansion of the I )ivisi()n of Vertebrate Anatomy and of the Division of Insects.
The death on May 5 of Boardman Conover, a Trustee of the Mu.seum, was a severe blow both to the Board of Trustees and to the stalT. Mr. Conover was al.so a Re.search A.s.sociate of the Museum in the Division of Birds and spent most of his time in acquiring, studying, and de.scribing his outstanding collection of game birds of the world. This collection of .some eighteen thou.sand specimens, together with his extensive library, was left to the Mu.seum. In addition, Mr. C'onover's will provides a fund of $50,000 to continue in perpetuity the vitally important work in which he was engaged. In recognition of his many contributions and .services the Board of Trustees elected Mr. Conover posthumously a Benefactor of the Museum (see page 103i, having honored him in the past by electing him, at various times, a Life Member, a Patron, a Contributor, and a Corporate Member. The Board of Trustees acted further to honor the memory of Mr. Conover by voting to name Hall 21, the hall housing collections of birds in .systematic arrangement, Boardman Conover Hall. At its meeting in May the Board of Trustees adopted the following re.solution:
Boardman Conover, 1892 1950
"It is with profound regi'et that the Board of Trustees of Chicago Natural History Mu.seum records the death on May 5, 1950, of their fellow member, Boardman Conover.
"Mr. Conover has long been a.s.sociated with Chicago Natural History Mu.seum. As early as 1920 his interest in the study of birds brought him into contact with members of the scientific staff. In 1921, he became a Life Member of the Mu.seum and in recognition of his re.search in the field of ornithology he was [)laced on the staff as an As.sociate. In 1936, he was appointed Re.search Associate.
"Mr. C'onover's interest in the work of the Mu.seum al.so found expression at various times in field exploration and study in Vene- zuela, Chile, Alaska, the Belgian Congo, Tanganyika, and Uganda. In later years, in lieu of expeditionary work, he established contact with field collectors in all parts of the world. Through his own efforts anrl at his own expense he accumulated one of the world's outstanding collections of game birds.
20
DuBois-Orake Studio
BOARDMAN CONOVER 1892-1950
Associate in Ornithology, 1924; Life Member, 1924; Patron, 1926; Contributor, 1930; Research Associate in Birds, 1936; Member of the Board of Trustees, 1940; Corporate Member, 1940; Benefactor, 1950
21
"In recopnition of his work for \hv Museum, he was elected in l!»l^t) lo the honorary chissilicalion of Patron of the institution. In IDU), he was invited to become a member of the Board of Trustees, on which he served until his death. Ik- was elected a Corporate Member in the same year.
"[•"or many years, he maintained an otlici- at the Museum, where he conducted research on his famous collection of jiame birds. After the death of Dr. Charles !'.. llellmayr in the sj)rinp of 1941, Mr. Conover undertook the arduous duty of completing the i^itaUxjue of Birds of thv Americas, which had been be^nm by Charles B. Cory in 1909. and he broujiht that notable work to comi)letion in August, 1949. His deep interest in the Mu.seum is further indicated by the fact that his pifts to the institution total more than $1()(),000.
"He will be missed not only by the members of the Board of Trustees but by the members of the stalf. with whom he was a co-worker for so many years. In appreciation of his long a.ssociation with the Museum and his notable service to the institution, and in recognition of his fine friendship and outstanding character, we pay tribute to the memory of Boardman Conover.
"Therefore, be it resolved that this testimonial of our esteem and affection be placed on the permanent records of the Board of Trustees of Chicago Natural History Museum:
"And be it further resolved that our deep .sympathy be conveyed to the members of his bereaved family and that a copy of this resolution be sent to them."
ATTENDANCE
The total number of visitors at the Museum in 1950 was 1,173,661, of which number 1,052,420 were admitted without charge because they came on free admi.ssion days or belonged to cla.s.sifications admitted free on all days .school children, students, teachers, members of the armed forces of the United Nations, and Members of this Mu.seum. (For comparative attendance statistics and door receipts for 1949 and 1950, see page 90.)
The number of out-of-Chicago .schools u.sing the Mu.seum con- tinued to increase until in May the number reached an all-time high of 177 groups totaling 5,517 students. The fall (October and November I attendance of students in the Museum was the highe.st since before the war (1941). Many Boy Scout troops on their way to the 1950 Boy Scout Jamboree at Valley Forge, Penn.sylvania, stopped between trains at the Mu.seum for special tours of the
22
exhibition halls. Boys and girls from the farms of America, chosen in each locality for excellence of achievement and sent to Chicago at the time of the International Livestock Exposition as delegates to the National Congress of 4-H Clubs, made their annual visit to the Museum in November. The Museum was host also to a number of organizations, among them the American Horticultural Council, the American Malacological Union, the Illinois Audubon Society, and the Kennicott Club of Chicago. In May the Museum enter- tained a group of supervisory personnel of the Chicago Park District at a buffet dinner and program in the cafeteria, after which the guests were taken on guided tours of the Museum. The facilities of the Museum were used in September for day and night sessions of government officials who met to analyze plans for civil defense.
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS
Stanley Field, president of Chicago Natural History Museum, was re-elected at the Annual Meeting of the Board of Trustees in January to serve for his forty-second consecutive year. All other officers were likewise re-elected. They are: Marshall Field, first vice-president; Albert B. Dick, Jr., second vice-president; Samuel Insull, Jr., third vice-president; Solomon A. Smith, treasurer; Clifford C. Gregg, secretary; and John R. Millar, assistant secretary.
MEMBERSHIP
An expression of gratitude is here conveyed to the many public- spirited citizens who, as Members of this Museum, support the scientific and educational work being done here and help to make possible its successful continuance. In recognition of their past support, appreciation is here expressed also to those Members who found it necessary to discontinue their membership. When condi- tions are favorable for them to do so, it is hoped that they will resume membership and association with the cultural work of the Museum. The total number of Members at the close of 1950 was 4,775. The number of Members in each membership classification was as follows: Benefactors — 24; Honorary Members — 8; Patrons — 17; Corresponding Members — 6; Contributors — 172; Corporate Members — 40; Life Members — 161; N on-Resident Life Members — 16; Associate Members — 2,274; Non-Resident Associate Members — 11; Sustaining Members — 21; Annual Members — 2,025. The names of Members of the Museum during 1950 are listed at the end of this Report.
23
JAMliS NELSON AND ANNA LOLISH RAYMOND FOUNDATION I-OR PUBLIC SCHOOL AND CHILDREN'S LECTURES
Tlu' Jaiiu's Xt'Ison and Anna l/ouise Raymond Foundation continued in li>r)0 its presentation of lectures, tours, pro^n-ams, stories, and motion pictures to ^n-oups of people in the Museum and, by means of ib? extension-lecture service, in the schools. As in the past the entire propi'am of this educational division of the Museum has been kept flexible in order to meet the recjuirements of school pjoups and students of all kinds. Clo.ser co-o{)eration between the Mu.seum and the Chicajzo Public Schools and a study of the needs of the schools resulted in the publication of a folder of Kt'neral information about the Mu.seum and its educational .services. Sea.sonal flyers with suji^ested tours were added for the teacher's reference. The.se were .sent to all the Chicago Public Elementary Schools, with the result that these schools have made greater use of the Museum.
A group of children from one of the m.in)' org.inizcd sciiool groups that visit the Museum MOW the great ground sloth m tlir H.ill of Fossil X'ertcbratcs (Hall 38 1.
24
Two series of Museum Stories for Children were published in connection with the spring and fall series of motion-picture programs for children. The spring series, "Children of Long Ago," tells how children of ancient Egypt, Babylonia, and China lived. The fall series, "Adventures of a Pebble," takes a pebble from its very beginning to the present time. All extension lectures were re- organized and brought up to date with the addition of new pictures, either still or motion. One entirely new lecture, "The Natural History of Chicagoland," was offered in 16mm natural-color film. A one-day conference on nature-study was given in September for forty-three instructors and supervisors of the Chicago Park District. Raymond Foundation again co-operated with the Radio Council of the Chicago Public Schools in presenting four programs in the Museum following radio broadcasts. Dr. Austin L. Rand, Curator of Birds, was guest-speaker for the broadcast "Feathered Architects" on the Science Story-Teller series.
A summary of all activities of Raymond Foundation for the year, with attendance figures, follows:
RAYMOND FOUNDATION ACTIVITIES Activities within the Museum
r or Cnilaren Groups Attendance Groups Attendance
Tours in Museum halls 927 29,234
Radio follow-up programs 4 455
Lectures preceding tours 87 5,436
Motion-picture programs 29 21,339
Total 1,047 56,464
For adults
Tours in Museum halls 380 6,672
Total 380 6,672
Extension Activities
Chicago public schools
Elementary schools 102 33,461
Chicago private schools 3 310
Suburban schools 2 430
Miscellaneous 2 650
Total 109 34,851
Total for Raymond Foundation Activities 1,536 97,987
25
spnciAL lixi iiBirs
"Stories in Hair and i-'ur," a si)t'cial exhihit in Stanley Field Hall (luring August and September, was prepared as a series of thirty panels by the C'ranbrook Institute of Science, of Rloomfield Hills, Michigan. The exhibit presented information about the structure of hair and the (lualities and kinds of fur. the jiatherin^ of furs, the near-extermination of many fur-bearing' animals, and the modern business of breeding animals for their fur. Late in October one of the Moirollon "mummies"" found in 'i'ularosa Cave, New Mexico, b\ the 1 !).")() Southwest Archaeological Kxpedition was i)Iacefi on exhibition. Representative artifacts of perishable materials from the Mogollon culture were included in the exhibit. Other special exhibits during the year were "Animals in Action," a collection of |)hotogi-aphs by Roman Vishniac, of New York; the F'ifth Chicago International Exhibition of Nature Photography, held under the auspices of the Nature Camera Club of Chicago and the Museum; and i)aintings and drawings of Museum exhibits by students of the School of the Art Institute of Chicago.
THl^ N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL LX PENSION
The adjusted delivery schedule of portable Museum exhibits insti- tuted at the beginning of the school year 1949 50 continued in oi)eration during the .school months of 1950. Lnder this schedule each .school on the circulation list of the Department of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension received, every tenth school day, two Mu.seum exhibits that could be used for direct study and general discussion in the clas.srooms or, if preferred, as display material. During each period of ten school days the drivers of the two Harris Extension trucks delivered and exchanged exhibits for nine days and served in the workshop on the tenth day. PVom its inception the schedule was found to be satisfactory. It permitted more efficient use of the drivers' time for assisting the i)reparators.
At the clo.se of 1950 the circulation list numbered 508. Of these, 4<S7 were .schools (96 per cent of total circulation) and 21 were social-.service institutions (4 per cent of total circulation). Of the 487 schools, 390 were public schools (80 per cent of school circula- tion), 87 were parochial .schools (18 per cent of .school circulation), and 10 were private schools (2 per cent of school circulation). Inas- much as each school or .social-service institution on the list received on loan 34 different exhibits during the year, routine loans of portable Museum exhibits in 1950 totaled well over 17,000.
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This is one of six new portable exhibits of the N. W. Harris Extension Department designed to acquaint Chicago school children with different types of bird nests.
In addition to the Museum exhibits of natural-history material installed in standard portable cases Harris Extension also lends, upon request for specific material, insect specimens, rock and mineral collections, bird and mammal skins, bird eggs, and American Indian artifacts, which can be handled by pupils for study purposes. Thirty- seven loans of such material were made in 1950. Harris Extension received from the Department of Zoology an extensive collection of eggs of birds of the Chicago area. The Department of Botany gave invaluable advice and guidance in the preparation of botanical exhibit material. Six new exhibits were completed during the year, and five old exhibits were completely revised. Two hundred and eighty-five cases were repaired and reconditioned in the work- shop. The number of cases damaged in circulation was 32. Out- side activities of staff members consisted of local collecting trips.
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LECrURE PROGRAMS 1-OR ADL'LIS
Seventeen Saturday afternoon lectures were presented to the public during Marc-h, April. October, and November. A total of 16,672 persons attended. Timely subject, such as postwar rehabilitation in Japan and the mingling of ancient and modern in Korea under various fortunate and unfortunate influences, were well received by the audiences. It is gratifying to be able to report that a substantial number of letters of appreciation for various lectures in the .series has been received in the Office of the Director. Helpful comments are always welcome becau.se they serve as guides in the selection of the material presented in the two .series.
GIFTS TO THE MUSEUM
Elmer J. Richards, of Chicago, again gave $5,000 to the Mu.seum to be u.sed to purcha.se specimens for the cry[)togamic herbarium. Donald Richards, Re.search A.s.sociate in Cryptogamic Botany, gave $3,182.95 for the purcha.se of laboratory equipment and cryptogamic specimens. S. C. Johnson and Sons, Incorporated, of Racine, Wisconsin, again gave $4,000 for re.search on wax-bearing palms. Walther Buchen, of Chicago, gave $2,000 for an e.xperlition to Africa and the purcha.se of zoological specimens. Dr. Maurice L. Richard- son, of Lansing, Michigan, added $2,000 to The Maurice L. Richard- .son Paleontological Fund. The Museum received $10,500 from Stanley Field, its President: $500 from C. Suydam Cutting, of Xew York, a Patron of the Mu.seum; $1,000 from an anonymous friend; $301.94 from the estate of Mrs. Abby K. Babcock; $1,666.67 from the estate of Mrs. Joan A. Chalmers; and $65,216.51 from the estate of Mrs. Anna Louise Raymond. Other gifts of money were received from Peder Christen.sen, of Seattle, Clarence B. Randall, Trustee of the Mu.seum, and anonymous givers.
Donors who give or devise to the Mu.seum between $1,000 and $100,000 in money or materials are elected by the Board of Trustees to a special membership cla.ssification designated as "Contributors" and their names are enrolled in perpetuity (.see page 104 for names of Contributors). Contributors elected in 1950 are: Emil Eitel, posthumously elected (gift of money); Mrs. Susie I. Grier, post- humou.sly elected (gift of anthropological specimens and booksi; Henry W. Xichols, former Chief Curator of the Department of Geology, posthumously elected (gift of botanical specimens, geo- logical specimens, books, and periodicals); Dr. William C. Ohlendorf, Park Ridge, Illinois (gift of botanical specimens, zoological speci-
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mens, and books) ; Miss Lillian A. Ross, Associate Editor of Scientific Publications (gift of money, botanical specimens, zoological speci- mens, and books) ; and Dr. R. H. Whitfield, Associate in the Division of Fossil Plants (gift of geological specimens). A complete list of gifts of materials from individuals and institutions in 1950 appears elsewhere in this Report. Some of the collections are described under the headings of the scientific departments.
PERSONNEL
Curator William J. Gerhard, in charge of the Division of Insects from the time of its establishment in 1901, retired on December 31 with the longest service record of any staff member of the Museum now living. He will continue scientific research in the Museum as Curator Emeritus. Paul C. Standley, Curator of the Herbarium, who joined the staff in 1928 as Associate Curator of the Herbarium and became Curator in 1937, retired on December 31. He will live in Honduras, where, as Curator Emeritus, he will continue for the Museum his studies of Central American plants. Mrs. Emily M. Wilcoxson, who was given the title of Librarian Emerita in 1946 after forty-one years on the staff, left the service of the Museum in March. Herman Abendroth, Photographer, and Mrs. Edna T. Eckert, Assistant Recorder, retired during the year. Robert Kana- zawa. Assistant in the Division of Fishes, Kenneth Woehlck, Assist- ant Taxidermist, Leonard Rosenthal, Preparator in the Department of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension, and Miss Mary E. Babcock, Assistant in the Library, resigned. Dr. Jos^ Cuatrecasas, Curator of Colombian Botany, terminated his contract with the Museum and accepted a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Founda- tion Fellowship.
Dr. John B. Rinaldo, Assistant in Archaeology, was promoted to Assistant Curator, and Miss Elaine Bluhm was appointed Assist- ant. Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, Associate Curator of the Herbarium, was promoted to Curator to succeed Curator Emeritus Standley. Samuel H. Grove, Jr., Assistant in Plant Reproduction, was made Artist-Preparator, Frank Boryca, Assistant in Plant Reproduction, was made Preparator, and Miss Phyllis Wade was appointed Secre- tary of the Department of Botany. George Langford, Assistant Curator of Fossil Plants, was promoted to Curator, and Mrs. Priscilla F. Turnbull was appointed Assistant in the Division of Fossil Vertebrates. Rupert L. Wenzel, Assistant Curator of Insects, was promoted to Curator to succeed Curator Emeritus Gerhard,
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and Henry S. I)>l)as, A>sistant Curalor of Insects, was made AsscH-iate Curaior. Auirusl Ziemer was appointed Assistant in the Division of Insects, Hymen Marx was promoted to Assistant in the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, and (Jeorjje Steinhardt, a new employee, became Assistant in the Department of the X. W. Harris i'ul)lic School Kxtensioii. Carl \V. Cotton, Assistant in the Division of N'erlebrate Anatomy, was made Assistant Taxi<iermist. Miss Ruth Debus, assistant in the Library in liHT, rejoined the stafT as Reference Librarian. John Bayalis, Assistant Photop'apher, was promoted to PhotoKTapher, L. Ix'land Webber and Miss Jeannette Forster were made Assistant Recorders, Mrs. Je.ssie Dudley was placed in charge of the Mu.seum Book Shop, and George Woodward was promoted to Captain of the Guard.
It is with regret that I record the death of Kvan Andrews, Museum employee in the Division of Maintenance; Dr. Louis B. Bishop, Research Associate in the Division of Birds since 1939; Benjamin P>ridge, Auditor Emeritus, in continuous service of the Museum since LS5)7; David J. Conwill, Captain of the Guard, mombor of the Mu.seum guard force since 19:M; Henry W. Nichols,
A group of Sioux Indians, who came to the Museum to look at the Indian exhibits AuA the animals of the plains, attracts a following of entranced children visitors.
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i
former Chief Curator of the Department of Geology, in the service of the Museum for fifty years until his retirement in 1944; Paul J. Warner, Preparator in the Department of Anthropology since 1937; and Albert B. Wolcott, assistant in the Division of Insects and then Assistant Curator in the Department of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension until his retirement in 1942 after thirty- four years in the service of the Museum.
VOLUNTEER WORKERS
The Museum thanks its volunteer workers for their faithful con- tribution of time and effort. Names of some of them are included in the List of Staff at the beginning of this Report, where they are designated by the titles Research Associate, Associate, and, in one case. The Layman Lecturer. Other volunteers in 1950, not in that list, are : Department of Anthropology — Miss Vivian Broman; Depart- ment of Botany — Miss Margaret Feigley, Dr. George D. Fuller, Philip Garrett, Floyd Swink; Department of Geology — Mrs. George Langford, Miss Nancy Robertson, Lloyd Soley; Department of Zoology — Mrs. Diane Burnett, Rodger D. Mitchell, George Moeller, Edward Palincsar, Miss Barbara Rohrke.
THE LAYMAN LECTURER
After a leave of absence of two years Paul G. Dallwig, The Layman Lecturer of the Museum, returned in November to resume his course of Sunday afternoon lectures. A new subject, "Life, What Is It," brought an avalanche of requests for reservations. Only the limita- tions of space in the halls of the Museum, where his lectures were conducted, prevented him from reaching far more than the average attendance of 183 for each Sunday of the month. A long waiting list at the end of the month prompted Mr. Dallwig to repeat this same lecture on the afternoons of December 23 and December 24, dates on which the Director of the Museum feared that there would be slight response. However, the attendance on these two dates totaled 341, so that the newest presentation of The Layman Lecturer actually reached 1,071 persons. The December lectures, on pre- historic man, also taxed to the limit the available space, and with real regret many applicants for tickets were refused. The sincere thanks of the Museum are extended to Paul G. Dallwig, Chicago business man who contributes his time and effort to the education and entertainment of Museum visitors.
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EXPEDITIONS
The Museum had twenty-four exi)e(liti()ns in the field during 1950. Their work is described in this Report under the headings of the scientific departments. K.xpeditions of IDoO and their leaders are:
Ukp.aKT.MIONT of .\nthk<)I'()I.()c;y: Micronesia Anthropological F^jrpvdilion, 19Jf9 '>() Dr. Ale.xander Spoehr, Curator of Oceanic Ethnology; Southwest Archaeological Expedition Dr. Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator.
Dkp.aRTMKNT of Botany: Cuba Botanical Expedition Dr. P>. K. DahlgT'en, Curator Kmeritus; European Study Trip Dr. Francis Drouet, Curator of Cry|)togamic Botany; Middle Central America Botanical Expedition, U)ItS 50 Paul C. Standley, Curator of the Herbarium.
Department of Geology: Alahanm Paleontological Field Trip — Dr. Rainer Zangerl, Curator of Fo.ssil Reptiles; Eastern States Geological Field Trip- Dr. Sharat K. Roy, Chief Curator; Missis- sippi \'aUey Geological Field Trip Robert K. Wyant, Curator of Economic Geology; Tennessee Paleobotanical Field Trip George Langford, Curator of Fossil Plants; Texas Paleontological Expedi- tion—Bryan Patterson, Curator of Fo.ssil Mammals; L'tah Paleonto- logical Expedition — Dr. Robert H. Denison, Curator of Fo.ssil Fishes; Wilmington (Illinois) Paleobotanical Field Trips Curator Langford; Wyoming Invertebrate Paleontological Field Trip Eugene S. Richard- son. Jr., Curator of Fossil Invertebrates.
Department of Zoology: Appalachian and Ouachita Mountains Zoological Field Trip Clifford H. Pope, Curator of Amphibians and Reptiles; Arkansas Zoological Field Trip — Colin C. Sanborn, Curator of Mammals; Bermuda Zoological Expedition Dr. Fritz Haas, Curator of Lower Invertebrates; Borneo Zoological Expedition — D. Dwight Davis, Curator of Vertebrate Anatomy; Colombia Zoo- logical Expedition, 191^8 51 — Philip Hershkovitz, A.ssistant Curator of Mammals; Field Work for Care Fishes Ix)ren P. Woods, Curator of P'ishes; Florida Keys Fish-Collecting Trip, 191^9 50 Curator Woods; Gulf States Zoological Field Trip Leon L. Walters, Ta.xi- dermist; Texas Zoological Field Trip Karl P. Schmidt, Chief Curator; United States Xavy Medical Research Unit A'o. .], Cairo, Egypt, 19^9-51 — Harry Hoogstraal (in charge of Sudan Substation), Field Associate, Museum representative; West Africa Zoological Expedition, 1950-51 — Harry A. Beatty, of New York.
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Department of Anthropology
Research and Expeditions
Archaeological excavations in a cave were undertaken for the first time in the history of the Department of Anthropology. The cave was high up on the side of a hill in the Apache National Forest of western New Mexico. Excavations were again carried out under a permit issued to Chicago Natural History Museum by the Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture. This research program undertaken in the Apache National Forest is one of the most exhaustive and prolonged in the record of excavation in the Southwest. The 1950 field season, the seventh, occupied the months of June to September. Dr. Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator, who was in charge of the expedition, was assisted by Dr. John B. Rinaldo, Assistant Curator of Archaeology, Dr. Ernst Antevs, Research Associate in Glacial Geology, W. T. Egan, photographer and sur- veyor, and James Barter and Miss Elaine Bluhm, Assistant in Archaeology, classifiers and cataloguers.
A dry cave (Tularosa Cave) was selected for field research this season because from it Chief Curator Martin and Dr. Rinaldo hoped to secure artifacts of perishable materials that could be identified as pertaining to the Mogollon culture, a relatively new culture that has been intensively studied by them during the past decade. All the materials recovered from previous digs consisted of tools of stone and bone and some pottery. Perishable materials such as clothing, basketry, vegetable products, and objects of wood and leather were lacking. And because of this lacuna, a complete story of the daily life of the Mogollon Indians could not be reconstructed.
The excavations of 1950 were more successful than had been anticipated. A total of about 2,200 specimens was recovered, not counting broken pieces of pottery and odd ends of cordage. The deposits in the cave represent a classic example of stratigraphy or the dating of layers by position. That is to say, the earliest remains were found on the floor of the cave, the latest on the surface. Since such a vast quantity of material was recovered, a detailed analysis of it has not yet been completed. A few general statements, however, may safely be made.
The earliest occupation of the cave probably took place several centuries before Christ. The first settlers were Indians who lived by gathering wild foods, who snared or hunted (with spear-thrower and spear) deer, rabbits, mountain sheep, and antelopes, and who
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farmed. Corn of a somewhat primitive nature (see Department of lk)tany, page 43) and s(|uash were the only trops ^-own by these early farmers. Somewhat later, beans were added to the crop roster, thus rornpleting the well-known crop triad corn, beans, and .scjuash known later to many of the Xorth American Indians. The collec- tion of vegetal materials recovered from Tularo.sa Cave is the largest in the New World. Tlu' art of pottery-making was unknown to these earliest cave people. 'Vhv absence of this skill is significant because it was previously a.ssumed that lottery and corn were con- temporaneous in the time of their first appearance. The stone im- l>lemen(s from the lowest or earliest level of the cave are similar to tho.se found in Wet Leggett Canyon and reported on in the Annual Report for 19 17.
Chief Curatoi' Martin and i)r. Kinaldo conjecture that the first dwellers in Tularosa Cave were probably Indians who are called Cochi.se. The Cochi.se people wandered into the Apache Forest region from southern Arizona 1,500 or 2,000 years before Christ. Their culture is generally held to be ancestral to the Mogollon culture. In later levels of the cave the archaeologists found nearly every stage of the Mogollon culture. The.se later layers are dated as running from about A.D. 300 to a.d. 1200. Pottery was introduced into the area about .\.n. 300, and a complete .series was found; i)lain brown and red wares at the bottom of the depo.sit; the.se wares plus
The cxcivation of Tulnrosa Cave, Apaclic N.itional Forest, western New Mc.vico, was the first c.wc project to be undertaken by the Department of Anthropology.
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a decorated type, Mogollon Red-on-Brown, in the middle layers; and textured brown wares, smudged wares, and a different decorated type, Reserve Black-on- White, in the uppermost layers.
The list of perishable materials, preserved because of dry con- ditions in the cave, is impressive: sandals, spear-throwers of wood, spear foreshafts, bows and arrows, snares, rabbit nets, digging sticks for planting corn, rush mats, cradles, whistles or flutes, fragments of cotton textile, fur and feather blankets, aprons or "skirts" made of cotton (?) strings, bags made from animal skins, tobacco pipes, reed-cigarette butts, wooden spoons, ceremonial prayer sticks, hair nets, baskets, cloth bags, cordage, fetishes, and a medicine man's bag containing herbs and paraphernalia. In an early level, which is dated at about a.d. 600 or a.d. 700, were found the remains of two desiccated adults. These had been placed intentionally in burial pits.
A brief analysis of the materials by levels (that is, by the dif- ferent periods of time involved) shows clearly that there were styles in types of sandals and basketry, in the tools of bone and stone, and in types of pottery and that these styles changed from time to time. For example, in the earliest layer were found wickerwork sandals (2 to 4 warp, over-one, under-one weave) made of coarse yucca leaves. In the latest layer that type of sandal had been replaced by one of a plaited or twilled weave with a herringbone effect.
The 1950 excavations show that Tularosa Cave was occupied for about two thousand years. The materials that were recovered are new in the sense that they represent the first perishable speci- mens surely identified with the Mogollon culture. When the results of this work are published, students will have at their disposal an unparalleled series of articles used in daily life by the Mogollon Indians. It will then be possible to make conjectures and inferences not now possible. John W. Moyer, staff cinematographer, spent three weeks with the expedition making documentary films in color of the excavations in the cave and of other archaeological features, all of which will be incorporated into a unified film-story.
Dr. Antevs, while with the expedition, continued climatological studies of Pine Lawn Valley. When working in Wet Leggett Canyon, where the earliest remains of man in the Valley have been discovered, he found an ancient hearth. Charcoal from this hearth was sent to the carbon-14 project of the Institute for Nuclear Studies, Uni- versity of Chicago. Dr. Willard F. Libby, in charge of the project, processed this charcoal and assigned to it a date of 4,508 years ago ±680 years. This means that Pine Lawn Valley was inhabited
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about 2(H)() B.C. or 30()() n.c. 'I'his carhon-14 dale is very close to the estimated dates of 3000 B.C. to 1500 B.C. ma<ie several years ago by Dr. Antevs on the ba.sis of his climatic secjuences. Whether the earliest layer in Tularo.sa Cave, excavate<i in 1950, will also date at about 2000 B.C. is not yet determined.
In August the Mu.seum Pre.ss i.ssue<l Turkey Foot Ridge, A Moqollon Milage, Pine Lawn Valleu, Western Sew Mexico and, in October. Sites of the Reserve I^hase, Pine Lawn Vnllcn, Western New Mexico. These reports, written by Thief Curator Martin and Dr. Rinaldo, j)resent in detail the results of archaeological field work in the sea.sons of 1948 and 1949. Sites of the Reserve I'hase contains a conjectural .section on the .social organization of the MogoUon Indians who inhabited Pine Lawn \'alley in ancient times. This chapter is an effort to interpret raw data (such as location of house sites, kind and number of houses per period) in order to see if they would lead to probable inferences concerning social organization and culture gi'owth. The authors have thus, in an effort to emphasize interpreta- tion as an important part of archaeological work, i)roceeded one step beyond the mere pre.sentation of raw data.
Until November Dr. Ale.xander Spoehr, Curator of Oceanic Ethnology, was absent from the Mu.seum on a year's program of field work in the Mariana I.slands, Micronesia. The e.xpedition to the Marianas was financed and conductefl by the Museum but it was arranged and sponsored by the Pacific Science Board of the National Research Council, which has acted as a clearing agency for scientific field projects in Microne.sia. The work of the expedi- tion was also actively assisted by the Navy Department. Head- quarters of the expedition were maintained on Saipan. from which periodic visits were made to Tinian, Rota, and Guam.
The objectives of the expedition were twofold: (a) an archaeo- logical project, designed to investigate the prehistory of the Mariana Islands, and (b) an ethnological project, who.se purpo.se was to examine the proce.s.ses of change operative in the contemporary culture of the present inhabitants. P\^r the student of prehistory in the Pacific the Mariana Islands hold particular interest because they repre.sent the farthest penetration of rice agriculture into the Pacific from its Asiatic source while they also lie in the Oceanic pottery-making area. Pottery, because it is very .sensitive to innova- tion and change, is a mainstay of the archaeologist in reconstructing sequences of cultural development. The Marianas therefore present important possibilities in unraveling the story of man's past in this corner of the Pacific world.
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5
Archaeological excavations are begun at one of the prehistoric sites on Saipan in the Mariana Islands by the Anthropological Expedition to Micronesia, 1949-50.
The archaeological work of the expedition was concentrated on Saipan and Tinian. A thorough survey was first made of the archaeological sites on the two islands. Although it was found that prewar Japanese agricultural operations, followed by the destruction caused by the World War II invasion of Saipan and Tinian and their use as American bases, had destroyed a great many archaeological sites, enough remained so that a series of sites could be selected for excavation. The most important of these sites belonged to the Marianas latte period (latte is the local name given to prehistoric stone columns, which are in actuality the foundation pillars of ancient houses). A number of latte sites were carefully mapped and dug, and the characteristics of the culture pattern of this period, as expressed in stone, bone, shell, and pottery artifacts, were delineated. From documentary sources we know that this latte culture endured until the time of the first contact with the Spanish. How long a time-span the entire period covered remains conjectural; after the materials recovered by the expedition have been fully studied, we may be able to state a reliable approximation.
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In any case, the expedition did unearth artifacts that preceded the lattf culture in time and that strongly suji^est that man was estab- hshed in the Marianas at least 750 to 1,000 years ago.
Followinjj the completion of the archaeological work on Saipan and Tinian, Curator Spoehr made a brief archaeological survey of Rota, the most promising remaining island in the southern Marianas for archaeological work. In October, through the assistance of the Xavy Department, he was also enable<i to conduct a survey of the Palau Islands, which lie at the southwestern corner of Micronesia and which form the probable funnel through which passed the migrations into Polynesia and Micronesia. Curator Spoehr was able to ascertain the characteristics of the principal types of sites in the Palaus, as well as to determine the conditions of field work.
The ethnological project of the expedition was concentrated on Saipan, with brief periods of work on Tinian and Rota. The focus of interest was the Chamorro and Carolinian inhabitants of Saipan. The Chamorros, as the natives of the Marianas are called, are a pAiropeanized group that developed a stable hybrid culture in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, when they existed under Spanish domination. The Carolinians are a small ethnic minority that migrated to Saipan from the Carolines during the nineteenth century. Both Chamorros and Carolinians have been subjected to the pre.ssures of culture change wrought by successive Spanish, German, Japane.se, and American administrations, while during World War II the invasion of Saipan completely destroyed their homes and possessions and seriously di.srupted their lives. How this community is re-forming today, the areas of its culture that pre-sent either marked stability or marked instability, and the under- lying proce.s.ses of culture change operative in the pre.sent situation formed the principal fields of examination. The results of the ethnological project as well as of the archaeological study will be published by the Mu.seum at a later date.
During the year Donald Collier, Curator of South American Ethnology and Archaeology, continued work on the collection e.xcavated by the 1946 Archaeological P^xpedition to Peru. He made a study of Huari-style ceramics in the Mu.seum's collection of pottery from the .south highlands of Peru, an extension of the study of the important Tiahuanaco-period site of Huari near Aya- cucho that was investigated during the 1946 expedition (.see page 83). He al.so made an inventory of wooden specimens in the collections from early Peruvian cultures in order to .select suitable .samples for carbon- 14 dating, and two Early Xazca samples were chosen and
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submitted to Dr. Libby. The dates obtained show the Early Nazca culture to be about two thousand years old. A similar survey was made of the Paleolithic collection for suitable antler samples. Curator Collier supervised an intensive study by Miss Vivian Broman, a volunteer, of the Mexican and Mayan archaeological collections. The purpose of this study was to place all of the materials in the new cultural groupings and time phases developed in Middle American archaeology during the past fifteen years. Miss Broman produced an extensive descriptive outline and inventory that will be invaluable when the Hall of Mexican Archaeology (Hall 8) is revised. This revision may be possible after consumma- tion of the exchange of collections with the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City, which will fill many gaps in our Mexican archaeological collection. Curator Collier devoted con- siderable time to supervision of the packing of the collection to be sent to Mexico from this Museum. It is hoped that the exchange will be completed within a short time.
Dr. A. L. Kroeber, Research Associate in American Archaeology, began a study, to be published by the Museum, of material of the Early Lima period excavated by him during the Museum's 1926 Archaeological Expedition to Peru. To facilitate this study Curator Collier went over this collection, shipped type specimens to Dr. Kroeber in New York, furnished data from the catalogue, and supervised the photographing of specimens.
Dr. Wilfrid D. Hambly, Curator of African Ethnology, con- tinued his research in craniometry and brought to completion a work entitled "Craniometry of Malekula and New Caledonia," one of a series that will eventually cover a wide field of research on the Museum collection of five hundred crania from Melanesia. The volumes published by the Museum to date are Craniometry of New Guinea, Craniometry of Ambrym Island, and Cranial Capacities, A Study in Methods.
George I. Quimby, Curator of Exhibits, conducted research in North American ethnology in connection with the exhibition program and undertook research on the archaeology of the lower Mississippi Valley preparatory to completing portions of reports dealing with the Plaquemine and Natchezan culture periods. Considerable prog- ress was made on a report of the Bayou Goula site in Iberville Parish, Louisiana, where a Plaquemine period ceremonial center consisting of a plaza and temple mounds was overlaid by a historic Natchezan-period fortified village that was successively occupied by the Bayogoula, Quinipissa, Acolapissa, Tiou, Taensa, and Houma.
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'^
Some research time was devoted to the subject of silver ornaments made for trade with Indians in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. A report on trade silver is in preparation.
Durinii the first months of the year Dr. Rinaldo collaborated with Chief Curator Martin in |)reparinp a report on the excavations duriniz the summer of llM!) of three Indian ruins located in Pine L;i\vn Xallcy of west-central W'w Mexico. He prepared a series of iiraphs illustratini; (he increa.se in population den.sity in the Moixollon area from a.d. 500 to a.d. 1(».')() and other illustrations for this report. In .July the Mu.seum Press i.ssued An Analysis of Cullure ChniKjc iu tliv Ackmcti-Loirry Area by Dr. Rinaldo, an analysis of trends and rates of change in the culture of the prehistoric Pueblo Indians of .southwestern Colorado. He continued re.search on and catalojjuin^ of the extensive Herzfeld collection of Xear Eastern antifjuities. During the summer he assisted Chief Curator Martin in the excavation of three caves formerly occupied by the Indians in west-central New Mexico and, after his return from the field in the fall, made a detailed analysis of the pottery and stone and bone artifacts from the summer's excavations preliminary to the preparation of a report on the .season's field work. He collabo- rated with Chief Curator Martin in preparation of a paper on "The Southwestern Co-Tradition," a study of developments in common among the prehistoric Indian cultures of the Southwest.
Accessions— Anthropology
More than 2,000 artifacts were obtained by the 1950 Southwest Archaeological Expedition. The most valuable and significant of these are the sandals, basketry, cloth, bows, arrows, darts, and I)rayer sticks because they are the only specimens of such perishable materials that have been recovered from sites of the prehistoric INIogollon Indians. These unique materials are now being classified and studied. In addition, corn on the cob and corncobs were found in abundance, some of which is the earliest yet di.scovered. The 1919 50 Anthropological Expedition to Micronesia returned with an archaeological collection consisting of about 500 pieces. Stone, bone, and shell tools and ornaments and some very early and some rare pottery were recovered from surveys and excavations on Saipan, Tinian, and Rota in the Mariana Islands. These materials are now being studied, preparatory to publication of the results of the work of the expedition to Micronesia.
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Exhibits— Anthropology
Under the direction of Curator of Exhibits Quimby thirty-five new exhibits (inckiding six dioramas) were completed during the year for Mary D. Sturges Hall (Hall 5) by Alfred Lee Rowell, Dioramist, and Gustaf Dalstrom, Artist, with the assistance of Walter C. Reese, Preparator, and John Pletinckx, Ceramic Restorer. The new exhibits were planned by the curatorial staff of the Department of Anthropology to show the culture of historic Indians (ethnologyX of the woodlands and prairies of eastern North America. The hall, which will contain, when complete, fifty-nine exhibits (including seven dioramas), is divided into seven sections: Indians of the Eastern Prairies, Indians of the Western Prairies, Indians of the Southern Prairies, Indians of the Northern Woodlands, Indians of the Southern Woodlands, Indians of the Eastern Woodlands, and Indians of the Chicago Region of the Central Woodlands. Eighteen exhibits were completed for the hall in 1949, and, with the addition of six exhibits in 1951, the hall will be open to the public.
'Pawnee Thunder Ceremony" will be shown in Hall 5 (Woodland and Prairie Indians).
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ncp.irrmcnt of Be^rany
RcscMrcli .ind Expodinoiis
I)urin,tr the year Paul (\ Standley, Curator of the Herbarium, con- tiiuu'<l his ex|)e(hti()n lo middle Central America, exi)lorinK mainly in Honduras. In the early summer he returned for a brief stay at the Museum, where he identified many of his collections. He was in residence in Honduras at the K.scuela A^-Jcola Panamericana, near Teizuciiralpa, and from there he made numerous collecting trii)s to the departments of Mora/.an and Kl Paraiso, which continue to furnish many new species of plants and others new to middle Central America. In January and February he collected in the department of Intibuca in the vicinity of La Ksperanza and Intibuca, the highest larjie towns of Honduras, a rej^ion that yielded many i)lants previ- ously imknown south of Guatemala; in October he spent two weeks about Pespire, in the department of Choluteca near the Pacific coast; and in December he collected about Xueva Ocotepeque, near the point where Kl Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala meet. The.se three regions had never been visited before by a botanist. Curator Standley has now visited all the departments of Honduras for botanical exploration, but vast areas of the country have never yet been seen by any botanist. During the year he made more than three thousand collections of flowering plants and cryptogams.
Dr. B. K. Dahlgi-en, Curator p]meritus, continued his studies of American palms and collected for .several months in Cuba. Dr. Theodor Just, Chief Curator, studied fo.ssil Cycadaceae and Me.sozoic plant microfossils as well as the fossil floras of the southern hemi- sphere. J. Francis Macbride, Curator of Peruvian Botany, carried on studies of the flora of Peru at various herbaria in California. Dr. Karl K. Sherff, Re.search As.sociate in Systematic Botany, con- tinued his studies of Hawaiian plants, {)articularly the genus A'o/o- (richium and related plants such as pigweed, celosia, and co.xcomb, anfl carried on monogi'aphic studies of various genera of Compositae for publication in "North American Flora." Llewelyn Williams, A.s.sociate in Poorest Products, spent the greater part of the year in the Far Fast, studying forest products in various countries and col- lecting woods for exhibition purpo.ses.
Dr. Hugh C. Cutler, Curator of P>onomic Botany, spent March and April in Cuba as.sisting Curator Kmeritus Dahlgren with the Cuban palm project. During the remainder of the year he made a study of native American food plants and their wild relatives,
42
Corn from Tularosa Cave, New Mexico. The three lower ears are pod corn, which is believed to be similar to the kind of corn from which modern corn was developed. These ears came from the deepest (earliest) levels of the cave. The eight ears above, from an upper (more recent) level, show greater development and variation.
based on collections by Museum expeditions and on a large loan collection of Peruvian archaeological material made by Dr. Junius Bird, of the American Museum of Natural History. In order to provide reliable material for comparison, a collection of all available legumes used for food was grown near Chicago during the summer. After July Curator Cutler was engaged in research on plant materials recovered from Tularosa Cave by the Museum's 1950 Southwest Archaeological Expedition. The excavated material is in amount, condition, and diversity of cultivated plant material the best collec- tion that has ever been made. Of most interest is the corn, com-
43
prising about thirty-ei^'ht thousand cobs, fragments, and a few ears complete with j^Tains and husks. Some of the corn, the most primitive yet uneiunhed, is bcHeved to be the oldest corn yet dis- covered. The study of this valuable collection is expected to require at least another year.
I)r. Julian A. Steyermark, A.ssociate Curator of the Herbarium, continued the study of his collections from Venezuela and Ecuador and those from Venezuela made by Associate Williams. Associate Curator Steyermark's collections from Venezuela continued to yield a lar^e proportion of species new to science as well as numerous rei'ords of plants previously unknown from that country. The report on new species from Venezuela, prepared by A.s.sociate Curator Steyermark and many sjjecialists, is .soon to be i.ssued by the Mu.seum. Many of these Venezuelan collections rei)re.sent important additions to our knowledge of plant geography and have yielded valuable information on plant evolution and endemism. The proportion of species new to science collected by him is higher than that resulting from any previous e.xpedition spon.sored by the Museum. It is hoped that future expeditions will be made in order to bring forth additional botanical novelties.
A number of field trips to Missouri were made by Associate Curator Steyermark in connection with his work as Re.search A.ssociate of Mi.s.souri Botanical Garden. Important new herbarium collections were made that throw new light on the ranges of eastern and southern species in the United States, and .several virgin forests and a virgin prairie in the heart of the Ozarks, previou.sly uncol- lected, yielded valuable botanical data. One of the rarest plants in North America, Geocarpon minimum, was redi.scovered by him in company with its original collector, E. J. Palmer, in Jasper County, southwestern Missouri. Results of a reinvestigation (.see page 84 j showed that the genus had been misi)laced in the Aizoaceae, the family to which it had previously and rather uncertainly been referred, and instead should be placed in the CaryophyUaceae. In addition Associate Curator Steyermark spent considerable time identifying numerous collections that were sent in for determination from the United States, Mexico, and Central and South America. Special attention was given to certain families, such as the Ruhiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Letitihulariaceae, and Compositoe.
Work was begim in the summer on the separation of type speci- mens from the regular mounted herbarium sheets. This is being done in order to make these important specimens upon which the concept of the species is based readily available to workers as well
44
as immediately accessible for evacuation in case of fire or emergencies brought on by the contingencies of war. Type specimens are the most valuable specimens a herbarium possesses, and they must be saved at all cost. The Museum possesses a splendid collection of such specimens, especially from Central and South America.
During 1950, as the year before, many specimens sent to the Museum by collectors and various institutions were identified by Dr. Jose Cuatrecasas, Curator of Colombian Botany. Of these the most important collections are those of Woytkowski, Yepes, Cas- taneda, Schultes, Patifio, Daniel, Uribe-Uribe, Sneidern, Brother Apolinar-Maria, Facultad Agronomia Medellin, Acosta Soils, Espi- nosa, Paredes from Ecuador, Cardenas from Bolivia, and Leon from Costa Rica. Loans received for naming from other institutions (United States National Herbarium, New York Botanical Garden, Gray Herbarium, and University of California) were identified by Curator Cuatrecasas, chiefly collections of Andean Compositae, Cunoniaceae, Rosaceae, Guttiferae, Bomhacaceae, Moraceae, Tiliaceae, and Sterculiaceae. Approximately four thousand specimens of such collections and special groups were thus named.
In addition Curator Cuatrecasas identified or described as new many species in his large collection of Colombian plants, containing more than twenty-four thousand numbers of phanerogams, many of which are accompanied by wood and bark samples of undescribed trees. Because many groups found in tropical x\merica are incom- pletely known or specimens often come from previously unexplored areas, much research and critical work must be done in order to identify such a collection, including extensive studies of type collec- tions in American and European herbaria, and descriptions of new species must be prepared before studies of a more general character can be undertaken. This fundamental taxonomic work must be supplemented by data obtained from material deposited in other American and European herbaria in preparation of a critical catalogue of all species of flowering plants found in Colombia, which will be the basis of a descriptive flora of Colombia and of future studies on plant distribution and ecology. Because of the special geo- graphical position of Colombia this catalogue of its flora will be of great use to all those interested in the biogeography of other South and Central American countries. The flora of Colombia is estimated to contain around twenty-five thousand species or more than ten times the number of species found in Illinois. Work on this catalogue will be started in 1951 under the auspices of the John Simon Guggen- heim Memorial Foundation of New York.
45
This desert scene near Tucson. Arizona, appears in a recent Museum publication, "Natural Landscapes of the United States," h\ J. Francis Macbride (Popular Series).
Dr. Franci.s Drouet, Curator of Cryptogamic Botany, .^^pent most of the year in naminji .specimens of algae received from many .sources and in curating the collection.s of cryptogams. In April he left for four months of study of types of micro.scopic algae in European herbaria, a project made possible with funds provided by Elmer J. Richards, of Chicago. Visits were made at the British Mu.seum (Natural History), Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, Linnean Society of London, University of Birmingham, Museum d'Histoire Xaturelle in Paris, Con.servatoire Botanique in Geneva, University of Geneva, Eidgenossische Technische Hoch.schule in Zurich, University of
46
Zurich, University of Vienna, Natural History Museum in Vienna, the private collections of the de Toni family in Brescia, Rijksher- barium in Leiden, Botanical Museum in Copenhagen, University of Lund, Natural History Museum in Stockholm, University of Uppsala, and the Botanical Museum in Oslo.
This project was in continuation of work on a revision of the coccoid blue-gi^een algae being carried on in collaboration with William A. Daily, of Butler University. Mr. and Mrs. Daily spent some days at the Museum during the year studying the collections of Myxophyceae and Characeae. Dr. Hanford Tiffany and Donald Richards, Research Associates, continued work on the cryptogams, the latter taking charge of the collections during the absence of Curator Drouet. Miss Margaret Feigley, volunteer worker, identi- fied large numbers of bryophytes. Dr. Maxwell S. Doty and Miss Dorothy E. Fensholt, of Northwestern University, made considerable use of the collections of algae in their research.
Under the direction of Mrs. Effie M. Schugman more than thirteen thousand specimens and photographs of cryptogams were mounted on sheets. These were filed in the herbarium cases by Curator Drouet. More than three thousand duplicate cryptogams were distributed to other institutions and individuals in exchanges. Approximately thirty-six thousand specimens and type photographs were mounted and distributed in the phanerogamic herbarium. More than eight thousand specimens of ferns and flowering plants were sent in exchange to other institutions and individuals. From its large collections of negatives of type and historical specimens of American plants in European herbaria the Department of Botany sold and sent in exchange during the year more than six thousand prints to other institutions and to botanists for study purposes.
Accessions— Botany
Several important additions to the phanerogamic herbarium were made during the year. The most noteworthy of these are: the herbarium of Johns Hopkins University containing more than 7,000 ferns and flowering plants and about 2,600 cryptogams (received as a gift through the efforts of Chief Curator Just); 2,788 plant specimens from Dr. William C. Ohlendorf (gift); 1,987 plants of Hawaii from Research Associate Sherff (gift) ; 1,874 plant specimens from the University of Illinois, Chicago (gift) ; 2,300 plant specimens of southern Mexico from Dr. Margery Carlson (purchase); 1,256 type photographs from the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural,
47
SanliaKo. (^'liilt' ('exchaiiKt'i ; "j.Kil plain spcviinens from the Kscuela A^n'c-ola I'anainericana, 'I'oKuciKMlpa, Honduras (exc-hanjiC) ; 3,755 plant spet'inu'ns of Kurope and I*araj:iiay from Missouri Botanical Garden (exchanKei ; 1,077 plant sj)ecimens of South Africa and Ijower California from the I'niversity of California (exchange); and I, (117 phiiil specimens of Sweden from Xaturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, collected by Dr. (iunnar Samuelsson (exchange). In addition lo material (•oIlecte<l on Museum expeditions more than l;].()00 cryptouams were accessioned, of which some .3,000 were puri'hased with the Donald Richards Fund. An imjiortant addition to both the phaneroj,'amic and cry|)t()pamic herbaria was made by the Middle Central America i^otanical Kx|)edition of 19 IS 50 with the accessioning of 30,000 plants collected by Curator Standley. l'()ii> wood specimens were received as a pift from the Natural Resources Section, Division of Forestry. San Francisco.
Exhibits— Botany
A noteworthy addition lo the synoptic exhibit of flowering plant families in Martin A. and Carrie Ryerson Hall (Hall 29, Life Plant) is a reproduction of a ginger lily (Hcdychium Gardnerianum) from India, a showy member of the Ginger family with fragrant golden yellow flowers in large terminal spikes. A flowering stem of powdery thalia, a tall aquatic or marsh herb native of .semitropical America, was added during the year to the adjacent exhibit of the ArrowToot family {Marautnccae). Both models were made by Kmil Sella, Curator of Fxhibits, with the a.ssistance of Samuel H. Grove, Jr., Artist-Preparator, and P'rank Boryca, Preparator. Real progreSvS was made in the rearrangement and reconditioning of the exhibits in Hall 29. A total of thirty-four families was reinstalled, in some instances partial restoration being nece.ssary. Two exhibition cases were rebuilt by Pre|)arator Mathias Dones to provide greater depth. In Charles F. Millspaugh Hall iHall 26, Xorth American Trees) several new reproductions were installed. Of the.se, branches of red ash iFraximis), .sugar maple (Acer), white oak (Quercus), American elm (rhnns), and hackberry ((V//nsi were prepared by Artist-Preparator Milton Copulos and Preparator Boryca. Included in the series is a branch of wild black cherry iPninus) assembled by Artist-Preparator Grove. Collecting of suitable living material for the preparation of these exhibits was facilitated by the generous assistance of Clarence E. Godshalk, Director, and F. lyowell Kammerer, Arboriculturist, of the Morton Arboretum.
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Department of Geology
Research and Expeditions
In conjunction with the studies of meteorites, Robert K. Wyant, Curator of Economic Geology, made detailed quantitative chemical analyses of one iron (Smithonia) and three stone (Pantar, Paragould, and Potter) meteorites and determined the mineralogical composition of the stone meteorites from the bulk chemical analyses. He also made physical and chemical examinations of forty-seven carbonate and silicate rocks from the Museum's collections. In collaboration with Curator Wyant, Dr. Sharat K. Roy, Chief Curator, completed the descriptive, metallographical, and petrographical studies of the four meteorites and made further studies of the Benld and La Porte meteorites. The results of the studies of La Porte and Smithonia were published by the Museum during the year. Papers on the other four meteorites will be ready for the press early in 1951.
The exciting discovery of Early Cretaceous mammals in northern Texas in November, 1949, by a Museum party was made known in last year's Annual Report. Since then Bryan Patterson, Curator of Fossil Mammals, has completed a paper on the specimens collected, which has been scheduled to appear early in 1951. In addition. Curator Patterson continued his work on the latest Eocene or earliest Oligocene mammals of trans-Pecos Texas. He also completed the first draft of a paper with Dr. Albert Elmer Wood, of Amherst College, on the earliest South American Tertiary rodents. Curator Patterson's studies on the auditory regions of the edentates, in collaboration with Dr. Walter Segall, of Northwestern University, have progressed satisfactorily during the year. Dr. Rainer Zangerl, Curator of Fossil Reptiles, worked primarily on a revision of the turtles of the family Toxochelyidae, a complicated, time-consuming undertaking that is now nearing completion. Curator Zangerl also continued his studies on the comparative morphology of the turtle shell and on the reclassification of this order of reptiles.
Dr. Robert H. Denison, Curator of Fossil Fishes, continued his study of the Late Devonian fresh-water fishes of the Rocky Moun- tain states. Work on the armored placoderm Bothriolepis has been completed, and the various lobe-finned fishes and lung fishes that inhabited the same streams and estuaries are now occupying his attention. In addition Curator Denison has prepared a large portion of the Early Devonian fishes from Utah and has begun a study of one of the groups of jawless ostracoderms, the Heterostraci.
49
^'iN
^
George L.ingford, Curator of Fossil Plants, collects plant nodules near Wilmington.
Eugene S. Richardson, Jr., Curator of P'o.ssil Inverlebrate.s, has been occupied chiefly in identifying, checking, and .selecting speci- mens for the new exhibits of invertebrate fossils and fo.s.sil plants for Frederick J. V. Skiff Hall (Hall 37, P^os.sil Invertebrates and Fo.s.sil Plants). He al.so spent considerable time writing the general labels and ca.se headings for the.se exhibits. Several months were devoted to reidentifying and checking the specimens purchased from the Hovey Mu.seum at Wabash College. He also identified the fo.ssils collected in 1949 from the Ordovician and Devonian rocks of New York by Chief Curator Roy.
George Langford, Curator of Fo.ssil Plants, who for the past several years has been engaged in pre[)aring a comprehensive account of the flora and fauna of the Pennsylvanian deposits near Wilmington, Will County, Illinois, completed his manuscript early this year. It consists of the descriptions and illu.strations of 550 species of fossil plants and 110 species of the fauna, chiefly invertebrates. This
50
may be regarded as a remarkable total to be recovered from a single deposit. Since completing his monograph, Curator Langford has been busy identifying the Mesozoic and Cenozoic fossil plants recently collected in the Gulf region.
Curators Patterson and Zangerl conducted an expedition, under- taken in collaboration with the Texas Memorial Museum, to northern Texas during April, May, and June. Curator Zangerl carried out a general survey of the Early Cretaceous Trinity Group in that region, while Curator Patterson concentrated his work at the locality from which mammals had been obtained in 1949. The remains of the mammals and of the infinitely more numerous fishes, amphibians, and reptiles occur sporadically in a bed of poorly consolidated sand some twelve to eighteen inches thick. The sand breaks down readily in water and it was therefore decided to attempt washing operations on a fairly large scale.
Some sorting of the coarsest grade was possible in the field, but the finer grades had to be brought back to the Museum and sorted under a binocular microscope in the laboratory, a task that is still in progress. It proved possible to process some tons of sand by this means. Several specimens of the extremely rare mammals were detected in the field and additional fragments have since been found in the laboratory, together with gratifying numbers of frogs and lizards. The majority of the mammals are triconodonts of the same
Among the fossil plant specimens collected near Wilmington, Illinois, were found a few relatively rare scorpions, spiders, myriapods, and shrimp-like arthropods.
51
speoies as those found in 1919, but at least one, reprettably very incomplete, api)ears to be referable to the ^roup from which it is believed nearly all livin^r mammals have descendcMJ.
Curator Zan^'erl left for Alabama during the latter j>art of August to complete the excavation of a large sea turtle, previously discovered and partially colle<*te<l by Allan Hard, of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and liobcrl Hani of Klini. Michigan. Curator Denison made a return visit to northeastern I'tah to obtain a more complete collection of ihc I'.arly Devonian fish fauna of the Water Canyon formation. He was assisted in the field by William D. Turnbull, Preparator, and Mrs. Turnbull, A.ssistant in Fossil X'ertebrates, and for part of the time by Curator Patterson. Partial prej)aration of the specimens collected reveals that there is a wide variety of ostracoderms, placoderms, and acanthodians as well as certain of the earliest lobe-finned fi.shes and lung fishes. The material collected not only will add substantially to the pre.sent collection of primitive fishes but al.so will furnish additional information regarding the anatomy of these early vertebrates.
Curator Langford made several short trips to the Pennsylvanian deposits near Wilmington, Illinois, and two trips totaling three weeks to the Me.sozoic and Cenozoic formations of the Ciulf regions (we.stern Tenne.s.see and northern Mi.ssi.ssippii. The purpose of the.se trips was chiefly to collect fo.ssil plants, and Curator Langford, a veteran collector, has been most succe.ssful in his efforts to enrich the pre.sent collection. Curator Richard.son spent a month in the West doing reconnai.s.sance work and collecting trilobites and hyolithids in the Cambrian Gros Ventre shale of Wyoming. During the month of May Curator Wyant visited several mining districts in .southern and northwestern Illinois and southeastern Mis.souri and made a repre.sentative collection from each locality. He al.so collected, from the areas adjacent to lhe.se mining districts, tho.se rock types that were not rei)resented in the Museum's lithological collection.
Exhibits— Gcolot^y
During 1950 a total of twenty-nine new exhibits and three restora- tion groups were completed. Seventeen exhibits and three restora- tion groups dealing with the life and geologic events of the earth's history from Pre-Cambrian time through the Ice Age were installed in the new Hall of Po.ssil Invertebrates and Fo.ssil Plants (Hall 37, Frederick J. V. SkifT Halli. The restoration groups are the work of George Marchanri, a noted .sculptor-artist of Ebenezer, Xew York.
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All other work in this hall was done under the able direction of Curator Richardson and Harry E. Changnon, Curator of Exhibits, with the assistance of Preparators Henry Horback and Henry U. Taylor. Hall 37 is not yet complete, but plans call for its com- pletion in July, 1951.
Three new exhibits devoted to amphibians and primitive reptiles were installed in Ernest R. Graham Hall (Hall 38, Fossil Vertebrates). These exhibits illustrate, among other things, the evolution of limbs from fins and the diversity of form attained by amphibians. They also demonstrate the advances of the reptilian egg over the am- phibian, which made true land-life possible, and display the evolu- tionary radiation of the reptiles. Reptilian radiation is illustrated by means of a series of reconstruction models executed by Artist Joseph B. Ki'stolich, of the Department of Zoology. Other models, the mounting of the skeletons, and the installation of the cases were the work of Chief Preparator Orville L. Gilpin and Preparators Turnbull and Stanley Kuczek. Nine new exhibits are on display in the Hall of Economic Geology (Hall 36).
Accessions— Geology
The largest new accession of fossil invertebrates this year was the collection of the Hovey Museum, obtained by purchase from Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Indiana. This collection, which was brought together about eighty years ago, includes a great many fine speci- mens from classic collecting localities no longer accessible. For example, there are 208 lots of Mississippian crinoids, chiefly from Crawfordsville, a locality renowned for the many complete crinoid heads collected there in the past. The specimens are painstakingly prepared. To assemble a similar collection today, even were the specimens still readily available, would require the services of a collector for several months and of a skilled preparator for more than a year. Another noteworthy addition to the fossil invertebrate collection, made by exchange with the University of Michigan, was 32 lots of Devonian corals, bryozoans, and brachiopods.
In addition to the fossil vertebrate material collected by Museum expeditions, a number of specimens were obtained by gift, exchange, or purchase. The University of Chicago donated a number of speci- mens of Permian fish, amphibians, and reptiles, collected in Texas by Dr. Everett C. Olson, Research Associate in Fossil Vertebrates. Allen M. Hard and Robert H. Hard presented turtle fragments from the Cretaceous deposits of Alabama, the University of Ten-
53
nessee a cast of a fossil turtle, and the Provincial Museum of Saskat- chewan a lower jaw of the Oli^ocene rhinoceros Ilyracudon. By exchange lOarly Devonian fish were obtained from Dartmouth College Museum and a skeleton of the Triassic re[)tile Trilophosaurus from Texas Memorial Museum. The collection of the Hovey Museum contains a series of fossil vertebrates, chiefly mammals, antl includes type and figured specimens featured in the work of Dr. Jo.seph Leidy, one of the founding fathers of American vertebrate paleontolojfy. The Museum was apain fortunate to record a valuable pift of 950 fossil plants from Dr. and Mrs. R. H. Whitfield, Associates in Fossil Plants, and their son. Jon S. Whitfield.
In economic geology the more interesting additions from sources other than the Museum's collecting include gifts of 140 rocks and ores from the Colombian government and a large group of dolomite sand crystals from Morgan Davis, Director of the Humble Oil Company. The Colombian sj)ecimens, which were exhibited at the International Trade Fair in Chicago, form an excellent representa- tion of the economic geology of Colombia.
This fine skeleton of Bradysaurus haini, a sizable parciasaur reptile from the Karroo Formation of South Africa, was lately remounted and installed in Hall 38.
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Department of Zoology
Research and Expeditions
In the Division of Mammals Curator Colin C. Sanborn continued research on mammals (chiefly bats) from various parts of the world, especially those represented in the rich material newly received from South America and Africa. Frank C. Wonder, Taxidermist, was engaged for most of the year in the preparation and reconditioning of study skins. In the Division of Birds Dr. Austin L. Rand, Curator, was occupied with studies of the taxonomy of Old World birds, the distribution of birds of the Yukon, the anatomy of certain shore birds from Asia and America, the moult of the cassowary, social behavior in birds, and the habits of the peculiar Madagascan birds of the family Nesoenatidae. The acquisition of the notable van Someren Collection of East African birds lays a foundation for effec- tive further researches in African ornithology. Emmet R. Blake, Associate Curator, prepared material on birds of British Guiana for technical publication and did essential background research for a semipopular book on Mexican birds. Melvin A. Traylor, Jr., Re- search Associate, studied Peruvian and Paraguayan birds and aided Curator Rand in preliminary studies of birds of El Salvador. In addition to her work with exhibits Mrs. Ellen T. Smith, Associate, carried on considerable curatorial work.
In the Division of Reptiles Clifford H. Pope, Curator of Amphib- ians and Reptiles, continued his detailed study of North American salamanders. He returned to his interest in the striking of venomous snakes and, aided by Jay B. Leviton, made high-speed electronic flash photographs of striking rattlesnakes. In connection with research on African reptiles Curator Pope visited the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, for several weeks in July for consultation with Arthur Loveridge. Robert F. Inger, Assistant Curator of Fishes, continued his study of amphibians of the Philippines, in which he was engaged before his transfer from the Division of Reptiles. While at the University of Frankfort in Frankfort-on-Main, Germany, as member of the faculty exchange group from the University of Chicago, Karl P. Schmidt, Chief Curator, was able to advance the manuscript of the sixth edition of Checklist of North American Amphibians and Reptiles.
In the Division of Fishes Curator Loren P. Woods continued his work on the supplementary volume for the Museum's extremely useful three-volume work. The Marine Fishes of Panama. The
55
receipt of a colkrlion of fishes from the edge of the continent:al shelf in the Gulf of Mexico, throu^ih the co-operation of Dr. Hurst Shoemaker, of the I'niversity of lUinois, neatly stimulated his studies of the fishes of the (iulf region, with emphasis on a revision of the damsel fishes, family Fomacentridae. Robert Kanazawa, Assistant before his departure to a position in the Unite<l States National Museum, studied confer eels and the available material of African fishes, in which he founcj an interesting new genus of cichlids. Mrs. Marion Grey, A.ssociate, completed the description of three new species of deep-.sea fishes collected in the cour.se of the Hermuda Deep-Sea Expedition of 1948. In the Division of Verte- brate Anatomy Curator D. Dwight Davis, after his return from Borneo, resume<l his studies of the anatomy of the Carnivora, grouped around his research toward a monograj)h on the giant panda. Dr. \l. M. Strong, Research A.ssociate, continued his studies of the anatomy of the mud-puppy Xecfurus.
The time for re.search salvaged from their increa.sing curatorial duties in the Division of Insects was u.sed by Rupert L. Wenzel and Henry S. Dybas, A.ssistant Curators, in studies respectively of the beetle families Histeridae and Ptiliidae. A.>^sistant Curator Wenzel spent .several weeks early in the year in the examination of types and in other studies of histerid beetles at eastern mu.seums. As in former years Research A.ssociate Charles H. Seevers devoted spare time to study of the rove-beetles or Staphylinidae and con- tributed much time to the arrangement of the collections. Eugene Ray, of Wells High School, Chicago, temporary assistant at the Mu.seum during the .summer, gave his attention to the family Mordel- lidae, on which he has published a number of papers. Dr. Sidney Camras, a Chicago physician, spent considerable time in studying the Mu.seum's collection of the big-headed flies, Conopidae. Harry Xel.son, of Herzl Junior College, Chicago, studied the beetle family Dryopidae and increased and improved the Mu.seum's collection of this interesting group. In the Division of Lower Invertebrates the identification of the new material received during the year and the recla.s.sification of the Webb Collection (purcha.sed in 1943) produced various minor re.search papers by Dr. Fritz Haas. Curator. Miss Margaret G. Bradbury, Artist, by the preparation of scientific drawings to illustrate technical publications gave important aid to the research programs in .several Divisions.
During the year there were expeditions in the field in Borneo, Colombia, Bermuda, and, at the end of the year. West Africa, together with field work by the staff in various parts of the United
56
The Division of Fishes is now housed in new quarters on the ground floor. Left: storage range, showing mezzanine and dumb-waiter. Right: library, with map case.
States. Philip Hershkovitz, Assistant Curator of Mammals, con- tinued his mammalogical survey of Colombia, working mainly from a base established at Medellin. Though hampered by disturbed political conditions and by adverse weather, he accumulated more than one thousand specimens of mammals representing about ninety species. Late in the year headquarters were transferred to Bogota.
The expedition to Borneo, conducted by Curator Davis, who was accompanied by Assistant Curator Inger, left the Museum in March and returned in October. Headquarters were established at Sanda- kan, British North Borneo, which gave direct access to extensive areas of tropical rain-forest. The primary aim of the expedition was to gather information on the habits, behavior, and general ecological relations of the vertebrate life of the rain-forest. Extensive notes, supplemented by motion pictures and still photographs, stomachs of specimens preserved for food analysis, and various anatomical preparations will form the basis for detailed studies in the Museum
57
laboratories. Records were made of rainfall, temperature, and humidity in the rain-forest; and the ecolo^Mcal structure of the forest in which the animals live and to which they are adapted was studied and recorded. A stvondary aim of the e.xpedition was to collect a rej)resentation of the fauna of Borneo to be used for com- parison in studying the collections made by the Philippine Islands Zoological K.xpedition of 1!M») 17. The expedition to Borneo col- iecteti more than three hundred mammals, nearly five hundred birds, several hundred re{)tiles and amphibians, and several thousand fishes and invertebrates (including' insects i. On the way to and from Xortli Borneo stops were made at Singapore, Kuchinp, Paris, and London to study material in museums and other institutions.
Taxidermist Leon L. Walters and Assistant Taxidermist Ronald J. Lambert made a field trip to the Gulf states for material for exhibits of turtles. Specimens of turtles, especially a fine livinjj alligator snapper, accessory material and notes, and colored photographs of habitats were obtained. They worked especially at New Orleans and at Beachton, Georgia, where they enjoyed the generous hospi- tality of Herbert L. Stoddard, former member of the Museum staff.
Curator Pope collected salamanders and other amphibians and reptiles in Arkansas and Oklahoma for the Division of Reptiles. Chief Curator Schmidt consulted with herpetologists in Te.xas in April on the occasion of his lecture at Rockport and seized various occasions to collect amphibians and reptiles while he was in Ger- many. Assistant Curator Inger, aided by Miss Laura Brodie and by other staff members, continued the marking and observation of
The floor of tlic rain-forest in North Borneo teems with bloodtliirsty bnd leeches. The slender leech is searching for a meal: the bloated one is filled with blood.
58
blue racers in the Indiana dunes area. For the Division of Lower Invertebrates Curator Haas, accompanied by Joseph B. KrstoHch, Artist, again visited Bermuda to work from the Bermuda Biological Station for Research in the interests of the exhibition program. Curator Haas combined collecting and study of the fresh-water and brackish-water mollusks of the islands. It is essential to make such studies now because, since the marshes of Bermuda are being drained and converted into arable land, the whole animal community in question is likely to become extinct very soon. Noel Burlang, of Hamilton, Bermuda, who is well informed on the physical geography of the islands, gave effective aid in these studies.
Especial mention may be made of an activity that operates as an effective aid to research, exhibition, and public service. The file of animal photographs in the Department of Zoology, the reorganization of which has been continued by Miss Brodie, consists of approximately five thousand mounted photogi'aphs and repro- ductions housed in eight steel files and indexed so that any illustra- tion can be located at a moment's notice. In addition there are twenty-five albums of photographs taken by various Museum expeditions (sixteen albums of animal photographs have not yet been transferred to the new system). In 1950 approximately seven hundred photographs and five hundred animal pictures clipped from magazines were mounted, including nearly two hundred new photographs that were added during the year. The file consists chiefly of animal portraits, but a special effort is being made to preserve photographs representing documentary records of animal behavior. The usefulness of the file is shown by the fact that it was consulted by more than one hundred persons during 1950.
Accessions— Zoology
The major accession of specimens for the year was the acquisition by the will of the late Boardman Conover, Research Associate in the Division of Birds since 1924, of his entire collection of more than 18,000 game birds. Game birds are mainly of medium or large size and are correspondingly difficult to prepare in the field. For this reason the Conover Collection forms a complement of major importance to the Museum's research collections of birds. Other gifts of special importance are: 481 birds, 301 mammals (in addition to unaccessioned material), 56 amphibians, and 321 reptiles of Egypt and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan from the Museum's Field Associate, Harry Hoogstraal; 39 birds and 26 mammals from the
59
Chicago Zoological Society: 1 l)ini ami 11 mammals from the Lincoln Park Zoo; '2^u hinls from Dr. William ('. OhU'ndorf; S'.l Ijirds from Richard K. Tashian: a spocinu^n of the rare ("on^o peacock from the Xew York Zoolo^ii'al Socieiy; \'-V2 specimens of bats of Kenya and I'ganda from Walther iUichen; and 100 bats of Angola from the Companhia de Diamantes. Important ^nfls of amphibians and re|)tiles included ;')! amphibians and fil reptiles of Patajionia from Princeton University ; 21() fro^s of the Philippine Islands from Dr. William 11. Stickel; 20 snakes from Dr. Mduardo \'az, of the In- slituto liutantan. Sao Paulo, Bra/.il: 112 .salamanders of Arizona from Dr. Charles A. Reed; 211 amphibians of South Carolina from Mi.ss Brodie and Mi.ss Bradi)ury, of the staff; and 21 amphibians and 72 reptiles from Harvey M. Gold.schmidt.
The principal jiifts of fishes were i)5 specimens of fishes of the family Clinidae, of which 55 are paratypes, from Dr. Clark Hubbs, and !>2 specimens from the John (i. Shedd Acjuarium. Notable gifts of insects, in which mounted and determined material was especially important, further enriched the collections of insects. Field Associate Hoogstraal gave 6,802 specimens from various parts of the world, including nearly 5,000 mo.squitoes from the United States, Xew Guinea, and the Philippines; A.ssistant Curator Dybas gave 3,456 specimens collected in the Xew World tropics and in the Pacific i.slands; Dr. C. Andresen Hubbard gave 206 specimens of 86 species of fleas, of which 20 are paratypes; and Major Robert Traub gave 69 fleas, inclufling 40 types, from Mexico and Melanesia. Mollusk specimens continue to flow to the Division of Lower In- vertebrates. The more notable gifts include 191 marine shells from Dr. Jeanne S. Schwengel, who has contributed .systematically to the collection in former years; a collection of 217 Amazonian mol- lusks from Dr. Harald Sioli; and a collection of 550 lots of marine shells, mostly from the Pacific coast of the United States, from Mrs. Charlotte Doty, of Chicago.
Exhibits— Zoology
Exhibition programs for most Divisions in the Department of Zoology are now directed toward explanatory or illustrative cases intended to show what is interesting or remarkable or biologically important about the animal forms placed on exhibition in previous years. In the Division of Mammals the existing labels for exhibits were sur- veyed by Curator Sanborn and many were revi.sed or corrected. The acquisition of a new-born hippopotamus early in the year
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Loren P. Woods, Curator of Fishes, and Robert F. Inger, Assistant Curator, collect blind and white fishes, crustaceans, flatworms, insects, and spiders in Wild Cat Cave, Crawford County, Indiana. Photograph by George F. Jackson, of Evansville.
enabled Taxidermist Walters to make the necessary molds for the future preparation of a baby hippo. A special case at the end of the Hall of Whales (Hall N-1) presents salient facts about the anatomy of whales. A mounted skeleton of a porpoise shows the vestiges of the hind limbs, the transformation of the forelimbs into paddles, and the multiplication of teeth and their reduction to a uniform series. Models point out that the most essential charac- teristic of water-inhabiting animals is streamlining. The row of seven hairs on each side of the snout in a porpoise embryo marks it as a mammal (not a fish) quite as sharply as does the suckling of the young by the mother porpoise. Other models show how whales breathe and their division into two contrasting types, those that have teeth and feed on large prey and those with a baleen or whale- bone strainer by means of which they sieve relatively small animal food from the sea. Models and illustration, planned by Curator Davis, are by Artist Krstolich.
The systematic presentation of birds of the world in Boardman Conover Hall (Hall 21) is being supplemented by cases dealing with more general topics. A case with the heading "Young Birds: Their
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Development" shows the pret-ocial type of develoijment of the bob- white, in which the hatchiin^ binl is able to follow its mother from the nest: the altric-ial type, in which the baby bird is halche<i naked and helpless, illustrated by the Kn^Hsh sparrow; and an intermediate type represented by the common tern. This case, be^un before his resignation by Assistant Taxidermist Kenneth Woehick, was com- pleted by Assistant Taxidermist Carl \V. Cotton with the aid of l^eon R. Aboulafia, visiting fellow. The system for periodic poi.soning of both exhibition and mammal and bird storage cases was reor- ganized during the year and [)laced under the direction of Curator Sanborn. Taxidermist Wonder gave assistance to the Division of Maintenance in this operation.
In the east part of Albert \V. Harris Hall 'Hall IS, Reptile and Amphibian Section) the models illustrating the salamanders, frogs, lizards, and snakes of the Chicago region were completely reinstalled in three cases that form an alcove. This alcove, long planned by Curator F^ope, is especially designed for the use of school children and for groups under the guidance of the Raymond Foundation, but it meets also a broad popular interest. The models are supple- mented by maps showing distribution of the species and by colored photographs of typical environments. The models are largely the work of Taxidermist Walters, aified by Assistant Taxidermist Lambert, and the reinstallation was also by them, with carefully designed labeling by means of pasted-on letters. The wall case showing enlarged models of tadpoles, prepared by Artist Krstolich, was reinstalled with the new style of labeling. Two other screens, "Where Snakes Live" and "Salamanders," were reinstalled.
The new wall case in the west part of Hall 18 (Insect Section) with the title "Some Mosquitoes Carry Malaria" is the first of a long-planned series to present topics from in.sect life that have broad popular and .scientific interest. The life cycles of the malaria- cau.sing organism Plasmodium and of the malaria-tran.smitting mo.s- quito Anopheles are shown in enlarged models and diagrams. The eggs, larva, pupa, and adult of an Anopheles mosquito are the meticulous work in plastic of James B. Trott, former Artist- Prepar- ator. They are supplemented by diagrammatic models of blood vessels and of the mosquito body to show the malaria cycle from man to mosquito to man. These insect models are among the most accurate and effective ever made. A painting showing a typical anopheles habitat and a map of the world distribution of malaria are the work of Miss Bradbury, Artist, who also took over the work of installation with pasted-on lettering of the labels.
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LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM
The ever-widening range of Chicago Natural History Museum's scientific endeavors in departmental and field research automatically expands the resources of the Museum Library. Needed tools for research are secured either by purchase, after careful analysis of ultimate requirement, or by exchange of publications with other scientific organizations. We are fortunate, also, in receiving as gifts many rare and valuable publications. This highly selective process is building the Library into one of the finest research centers in the world, not from the standpoint of size but as a storehouse of essential material concentrated in the fields of natural history.
Because serial publications (proceedings, memoirs, reports, journals, etc., of scientific societies and research organizations) contain data of first interest to scientists here, they continue to form the major part of the Library's holdings. Physical evidence of the growing importance of this material is the fact that the Library has found it necessary to add a fifth Kardex file to take care of recording additional incoming serials. Another indication of the emphasis placed on serial publications in research is the increase in interlibrary loan service, both borrowed and lent, the greater part of which is concerned with this type of material.
The Library's holdings were notably increased by the additional transfer on permanent loan from John Crerar Library of many volumes of two scientific journals, namely the Wiener Entomologische Zeitung and the Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. The Museum takes this opportunity to express its profound appreciation of the outstanding co-operation and courtesy extended to it by John Crerar Library, not only in this transfer but in daily relations in exchanging reference aid. The foresight of the Crerar Library in placing this important material in a focal location has served the twofold purpose of making it easily accessible to the curatorial staff for taxonomic research as well as to scholars and students in general.
Substantial progress in recataloging the Library's collection according to the Library of Congress classification has been made to date, as the following figures indicate: total number of volumes classified (to the end of November, 1950) — 23,457; total number of cards in new catalogue — 44,761. The process of reclassification has presented the means of weeding out of the collection material not related to the concentrated interests of this Museum, material of ephemeral interest only, and unnecessary duplicates. Gradually all the material of no interest or value that had been added through
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The cataloguing department of the Museum Library has been moved to new quarters.
the years as permanent acquisitions will be removed, thus freeing much-needed shelf space. At the same time, overcrowded depart- mental libraries are being relieved by the a.ssimilation of material of more general nature in the general library.
Another important function of reclassification is that it permits the same judgment now used in selecting current acquisitions for binding to be applied to older materials. Evidence uncovered by recla.ssification, showing that much material of only temporary value to the Museum was bound in the j)ast, serves to point up the need for constant care in bindery selection. As in all other libraries contributing to the listing of their holdings in the Tnion List of Serials, work on the revision of the new Supplement continues with the careful checking of the .sections sent periodically by its publishers.
The overcrowded condition in one .section of the Library partially occupied by book stacks (with its remaining area given over to the cataloguing department, the Karde.x division, and operational space for preparation of all bindery material as well a.s for mechanical operations involved in labeling, marking, and minor repair jobs on books) wa.s relieved by removal of the cataloguing department into an unoccupied area in the adjacent room that hou.ses the new book
64
stacks. By shifting the tier of map cases closer to the stacks, this extremely necessary transfer provided the proper working accom- modations for the cataloguers, the nature of their work requiring an atmosphere of quiet, free from constant interruption. The section vacated by the catalogue department is an ideal location for the newly installed shelf list. With the Kardex arranged directly opposite the shelf list, the checking of incoming serials is expedited through simultaneous consultation of both records. Another im- portant feature is the proximity of the shelf list to both the reading and cataloguing rooms, thereby providing quick access to the information it contains.
The total number of accessions for the year, both books and serials, to the end of November, 1950, aggregated 2,149 items. The following books and serials have been selected from among the acquisitions because of their significance to research:
BOOKS
Baerends, G. P., and J. M. Baerends-Van Roon, An introduction to the study
of the ethology of cichlid fishes (1950) Baker, Frank Collins, The molluscan family Planorbidae (1945) Baldacci, Elio, Die Systematik der Adinomyceten (1947) Bernard!, A. C, Monographic des genres Galatea ct Fischeria (1860) Bews, John William, An introduction to the flora of Natal and Zulidand (1921)
Bosworth, Thomas Owen, Geology of the Tertiary and Quarternary periods in
the northwest part of Peru (1922) Bourguignat, Jules Rene, Methodus conchyliologicus denominationis sine quo
chaos (1860) Brauer, August, ed., Die Silsswasserfauna Deutschlands, 19 pts. in 17 v.
(1909-12)
Brehm, Alfred Edmund, Illustriertes Thierleben. Eine allgemeine Kunde des Thierreichs, 6 v. (1864-69)
Cazin, F. J., Traite pratique et raisonne des plantes medicinales indigenes,
2nd ed. (1858) Cobb, Arthur F., Birds of the Falkland Islands (1933)
Connolly, Cornelius Joseph, External morphology of the primate brain (1950) Cooke, Theodore, Flora of the Presidency of Bombay, 2 v. (1901-8) De Beer, Gavin Rylands, Development of the vertebrate skull (1937) Deyl, M., Study of the genus Sesleria (1946)
Ellenberger, Wilhelm, An atlas of animal anatomy for artists (1949) Etheridge, Robert, Fossils of the British Islands stratigraphically and zoo- logically arranged, v. 1. Palaeozoic comprising the Cambrian, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian species, with supplementary ap- pendix brought down to the end of 1886 (1888)
Fritsch, Anton, Palaeozoische Arachiniden (1904)
Furon, Raymond, La paleogeographie, essai sur revolution des continents et des oceans (1941)
Giebel, Christoph Gottfried Andreas, Die Fische der Vorwelt, mil steter Beriick- sichtigung der lebenden Fische (1848)
Gould, Augustus Addison, Otia conchologica: descriptions of shells and mollusks, from 1839 to 1862 (1862)
65
BOOKS {continued)
Henrard, Jan Theodoor, Monograph of the genus Digitaria (1950)
Hertwig, Richard, Abstammungslehre; Systematik; Paldontologie; Biogeographie
(1914) Herzfeld, Ernst Emil, Archaeologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, v. 1-10 (1929-39) Hulten, Eric, Atlas over vcixternas uthredning i Norden; fanerogamer och orm- bunksvdxter (1950)
International Commission for the Scientific Exploration of the Mediterranean Sea, Faune et flore de la Mediterranee, 2 v. (1928-34)
, Rapports et proces-verbaux des reunions, 7 v. (1926-38)
Kuroda, Nagamichi, Birds of the island of Java, 2 v. (1933-36)
Lindley, John, The fossil flora of Great Britain; or, figures and descriptions of the vegetable remains found in a fossil state in this country, 3 v. (1831-37)
Loudon, John Claudius, Arboretum et fruticetum Britannicum; or, the trees and shrubs of Britain, native and foreign . . . 2nd ed., 8 v. (1844)
Lowe, Edward Joseph, A natural history of new and rare ferns (1862)
Malbrant, Rene, Faune de I'Equateur Africain Frangais, tome 1. Oiseaux {Encyclopedic biologique, tome 35) (1949)
Oppenheimer, Hans C, Neuere Daten zur Genetik der Pflanze (1932)
Seguy, Eugene, Le Microscope, emploi et applications, 2 v. (1942, 1949)
Shuttleworth, R., Notitiae malacologicae, oder Beitrdge zur Ndheren Kenntniss der Mollusken, Heft 2: I. Monographische Versuche . . . (1877)
Silveus, William Arents, Texas grasses; classification and description of grasses
(1933) Sprengel, Kurt P. J., Kurt Sprengel's Anleitung zur Kenntniss der Gewaeckse,
2nd ed. rev., 3 v. (1817-18) Tierreich, Das, Dr. H. G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-reichs
wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Bd. 3, Abt. 2, Mollusca,
Buck 2, Lief. 136-151 (1912-27); Bd. 6, Abt. 1: Pisces, Buch 1 (1924)
Wehmer, Carl, Die Pflanzenstoffe botanischsystematisch bearbeitet. Phanerogam,
2 V. (1929-31) Westerlund, Carl Agardh, Fauna der in der paldarctischen region {Europa>
Kaukasien . . .) lebenden Binnenconchylieyi, 7 pts. (1886-90)
Winckler, E., Geschichte der Botanik (1854)
SERIALS
Acta Zoologica, v. 1-7 (1920-36)
African affairs, journal of the Royal African Society, v. 1-6 (1901-7), v. 39 —
(1940—) Anatomischer Anzeiger; Centralblatt fUr die gesamte wissenschaftliche anatomic,
Bd. 89, Hft. 19/21, 23/24 (1940), Bd. 90-95 (1940-48), Bd. 96, 97,
Hft. 1/9 (1949) Arbeiten uber physiologische und angewandte Entomologie aus Berlin-Dahlem,
V. 1-11 (1934-44) Archaeology; a magazine dealing with the antiquity of the world, v. 1 — (1948 — ) AustralcLsian herbarium news, no. 1 — (1947 — ) Berlin. Deutsches Entomologisches Museum. Supplemenia entomologica.
Herausgegeben und redigiert von Walther Horn, no. 1-17 (1912-29)
Cuadernos Americatios, v. 1 — (1942 — )
Entomological Society of British Columbia. Proceedings, no. 2, 1901 — ; no. 6, 1915; no. 8, 1916—; v. 46, 1950
. Quarterly Bulletin, nos. 1-10 (1906-8)
Entomological Society of Southern Africa. Journal, v. 1-10 (1939-48) Entomologische Beihefte aus Berlin-Dahlen, nos. 1-10 (1934-43)
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SERIALS (continued)
Gegetibaurs morphoIo(jii:chcs Jahrbuch, eine ZeiUchriJl fiir Anatomie iind Entu'ickhnigsgei^chichte, v. 27-32, 39-52, 55, 59, 67-69, 73-75, 81, 83 (1899-1923, 1926, 1928, 1931 32, 1933-35, 1938, 1939)
Geologists' Association, London. Proceedings, v. 13-32 (1895-1921)
Insecta; revue illustree d'entomologie, v. 1-13 (1911-24)
Linnean Society of London. Transactions, v. 20, pts. 2-3 (1847, 1851); v. 21; V. 23-24; v. 26, pts. 1-3 (1869)
Madrid. Institute Espaiiol de Entomologia. Eos, v. 1 — (1925 — )
Miinchener Entomologischer Verein. Mitteilungen, v. 1-5 (1877-81)
Palaeontographica, Abt. A: Palaozoologie-Stratigraphie, v. 81-99 (1934-50) and continuation
, Abt. B: Palciophytologie, v. 79-88 (1934-48) and continuation
, supplement (1934-41) and continuation
Palaeontologia Polonica, tome 1, 2 (1929 32), tome 3 (1948)
Palcoyitologischc Zeitschrift, v. 1-21 (1914-39)
Royal Dublin Society. The scientific transactions of the Royal Dublin Society,
ser. II, V. 1-9 (1877-1909) Societe Zoologique de France. Mcmoires de la Societc Zoologique de France,
V. 1-16 (1888-1903)
ON PERMANENT LOAN FROM JOHN CRERAR LIBRARY
Deutsche Entomohgische Zeitschrift, v. 3-24 (1859-80), v. 26-30 (1882-86), V. 31-75 (1887-1933)
Wiener Entomohgische Zeitung, v. 1-50 (1882-1933)
PUBLIC RELATIONS
The Museum again acknowledges its debt to the newspapers of Chicago and to the national press, press wire-services, and periodical publications for splendid co-operation in giving generous space to news of its activities. Several times a week, both locally and over the country, reminders were printed that kept the public aware of the existence of the Museum, the scope of its exhibits and research, and the current events on its expeditions, in its laboratories, and in its lectures and other educational programs.
During the year the Public Relations Counsel released 254 news stories directly to the press. This publicity was augmented in various ways: by issuing advance proofs of principal stories to be published in the Museum Bulletin, by follow-up assignments made to reporters and photographers by newspaper editors upon receipt of Museum releases, and by co-operation of the Museum and the publicity divisions of other organizations in enterprises that would bring mutually valuable notice in the press. The large metropolitan dailies were not the only targets of Museum publicity. Additional notice was received through releases to a special list of several
67
hun(lre<l community and foreipn-lanpriiape newsi)ai)ers of various neighborhoods witliin Chicago as well as to the dailies and weeklies of the suburbs and the regional area. Wire and mail national news agencies expanded this coverage to a coast-to-coast basis, and releases of unusual imi)ortance and interest often received inter- national circulation. S{)ecial acknowledgment is made to the publishers, executives, and editorial staffs of the following: Chicago Dailji Tribune, Chicago Sun-Times, Chicago Pailn Sews, Chicago Herald- American, City News Bureau of Chicago, Associated Press, International News Service, I'nited Press Association, Acme News Pictures, International News Photos, and Science Service. In several instances the daily newspapers of Chicago and of other cities, notably St. Louis, have given Museum pictures and stories full-page spreads in Sunday features.
Radio and television continued to be .sources of additional publicity. Through them the Museum was repre.sented in news broadcasts and in feature programs and educational forums. Local stations contributing time to the Mu.seum were WMAQ, WGN, WGN-TV. WMBl. WIND, WRBM. WKNR. WLS, and WJJD. Network programs on which the Museum was represented included
A new cxliihit in Bo.irdm.in Conovcr Hill ( H.1II 21 1 sets forth contr.ists in i)pcs of development among birds. lUustr.ited hv the hohwlntr. English sp.irrow, and tern.
YOUNG BIRDS: THEIR DEVELOPMENT
AI MATCMluC 'MtY »ipv mC" »*«fD '0 D0«» CO»IIIID. »»OM COHHI'lir OI>lliOIIIT TO COMHITIlT mot»fNOIHT ID * Hw wflnl 0» -0»'M5 TM«» MCOr*( »ull C»0«r»
68
both radio and television by the Columbia Broadcasting System, the National Broadcasting Company, and the Mutual Broadcasting System, and radio via American Broadcasting Company.
Publicity contacts were maintained between the Museum and its own Members through the news, features, and picture-coverage of the institution's monthly Bulletin. The Bulletin serves also as an exchange medium in the Museum's relations with other scientific and civic institutions and as an additional source of material for the newspapers. Other publicity routines were continued. Thou- sands of folders, as usual, were distributed through co-operating agencies such as hotels, travel bureaus, department stores, civic bureaus, and libraries, and through seven Chicago museums in other fields of science and art. Through the co-operation of the Illinois Central System, Chicago and North Western Railway, the Chicago, Aurora and Elgin Railroad, and the Chicago Transit Authority, posters were displayed in railway stations and on suburban trains to advertise the Museum's lecture courses for adults and the Ray- mond Foundation programs for children.
PHOTOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATION
The Division of Photography made during the year a total of 16,100 negatives, prints, enlargements, lantern slides, and transparencies for the Museum, other institutions, the press, and general sales. More than 107,000 negatives are now in the files.
Douglas E. Tibbitts, Staff Illustrator, prepared for the depart- ments and divisions of the Museum drawings, lettering, and other art work that amounted to a total of approximately 165 separate pieces of finished work by the end of the year. Silk-screen printing apparatus was added to the equipment of his office for rapid duplica- tion of designs in color, thereby increasing the scope of his work.
MOTION PICTURES
After being in production for nearly two years the Museum's motion- picture film "Through These Doors" (changed from the temporary title "Treasure House") was completed and plans were worked out for its distribution. The first showing of this film was before the annual conference of the Museums Association (Great Britain) in Aberdeen, Scotland. The following week it was shown to the scientific staff of the British Museum (Natural History) and at a later date to the members of the Natural History Section of the
International Council of Museums, whose biennial conference was held in London. Complimentary reports were received from the three showings. The subject matter, especially the techniques illustrated, proved of ^reat interest to these audiences. Durinp the coming year it is anticipated that many organizations will avail themselves of the opportunity to .see this film for a better under- standing of the Mu.seum's work in scientific, educational, and public services. In addition, one motion-picture was i)roduced from material in the Museum's film library. Such films are u.sed in the schools and by other interested organizations.
At the recjuest of the Department of Anthropology the Division of Motion Pictures participated in the Mu.seum's archaeological expedition to the Southw^est. A total of 2.2()() feet of color film was e.xpo.sed during a period of five weeks in the field, and this material is now being edited into a new film that will tell the .story of the Mu.seum's work in liiat area over a period of years. The new film will replace one made three years ago, although .some scenes from the old film will be incorporated into the new one. Color tran.s- parencies and motion-picture records of various natural-history .sub- jects were made for the .scientific departments of the Mu.seum to u.se both in re.search problems and as visual aids. This work has become an important function of the Division of Motion Pictures.
PUBLICATIONS AND PRINTING
The publications of the Museum were generou.sly distributed during 1950 to institutions and scientists. Ninety-five new names were added to the mailing lists, and a total of 17,704 copies of publica- tions was distributed to domestic anrl foreign exchanges. Sales totaled 3,909 copies in the Scientific Series, 10,266 in the Popular Series, and 26,827 copies of mi.scellaneous publications, such as guides, handbooks, memoirs, and technique papers (.see page 90). For future .sales and other distribution an additional 11,196 copies of publications were wrapped, labeled, and stored.
The Mu.seum Press i.ssued during the year fifteen titles in the Scientific Series of publications, one in the Popular Series, two in the Memoirs Series, one Annual Report, and one reprint. The total number of copies printed was 32,569, of which 31,669 copies were printed by letterpre.ss, with a total of 1,748 pages of type composi- tion, and 900 copies were printed by the Vari-type offset process, with a total of 113 pages by Vari-type composition. Twelve numbers of Chicago Natural History Mu.seum BuUrtiv were printed, averaging
70
6,000 copies an issue. Other work by letterpress included posters, price lists, lecture schedules, Museum labels, post cards, Museum stationery, and specimen tags, totaling 1,012,540 impressions. Two series of Museum Stories for Children (Raymond Foundation) and miscellaneous work were printed by the Vari-type-offset process, with a total of 197,802 impressions.
A list of titles in the publications series issued in 1950 by Chicago Natural History Museum Press follows:
DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY
Braidwood, Robert J.
Prehistoric Men, Popular Series, Anthropology, no. 37, 117 pages, 37 text figures (reprint)
Martin, Paul S., and John B. Rixaldo
Turkey Foot Ridge, A MogoUon Village, Pine Lawn Valley, Western New Mexico, Fieldiana: Anthropology, vol. 38, no. 2, 164 pages, 65 text figures
Sites of the Reserve Phase, Pine Lawn Valley, Western New Mexico, Fieldiana: Anthropology, vol. 38, no. 3, 178 pages, 78 text figures
Rinaldo, John B.
An Analysis of Culture Change in the Ackmen-Lowry Area, Fieldiana: Anthro- pology, vol. 36, no. 5, 14 pages, 2 text figures
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
CUATRECASAS, JoSE
Contributions to the Flora of South America: Studies on Andean Compositae — /, Studies in South American Plants — //, Fieldiana: Botany, vol. 27, no. 1, 113 pages, 12 text figures
Macbride, J. Francis
Natural Landscapes of the United States, Popular Series, Botany, no. 27, 47
pages, 31 text figures, 6 maps
Flora of Peru, Botanical Series, vol. 12, part 3, no. 3, 221 pages
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY
Olson, Everett Claire
The Temporal Region of the Permian Reptile Diadectes, Fieldiana: Geology, vol. 10, no. 9, 15 pages, 6 text figures
Richardson, Eugene S., Jr.
A Middle Devonian Octactinellid Sponge from New York, Fieldiana: Geology, vol. 10, no. 10, 10 pages, 5 text figures
Roy, Sharat Kumar, and Robert Kriss Wyant
The Smithonia Meteorite, Fieldiana: Geology, vol. 7, no. 9, 6 pages, 4 text
figures
The La Porte Meteorite, Fieldiana: Geology, vol. 7, no. 10, 10 pages, 9 text
figures
71
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
Blake, Emmet R.
Report on a Collection of Birds from Guerrero, Mexico, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 31, no. 39, 19 pages
Report on a CoUection of Birds from Ooxaca, Mexico, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 31, no. 40, 25 pages
Birds of the Acary Mountains, Southern British Guiana, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 32, no. 7, 59 pages
CONOVER, BOARDMAN
A Study of the Spotted Tinamous, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 31, no. 37, 24 pages A Study of the Elegant Tinamous, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 31, no. 38, 12 pages
Liu, Ch'eng-chao
Amphibians of Western China, Fieldiana: Zoology Memoirs, vol. 2, 423 pages, 11 plates, 100 text figures
Traub, Robert
Siphonaptera, from Central America and Mexico, Fieldiana: Zoology Memoirs, vol. 1, 238 pages, 54 text figures
Sanborn, Colin Campbell, and A. J. Nicholson
Bats from New Caledonia, the Solomon Islands, and New Hebrides, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 31, no. 36, 26 pages, 4 text figures, 1 map
ADMINISTRATIVE PUBLICATIONS
Report of the Director to the Board of Trustees for the Year 19^9, 140 pages, 26 illustrations
CO-OPERATION WITH OTHER INSTITUTIONS
Through interhbrary loans the resources of the Library of the Museum were available to other institutions and, as in past years, the laboratories and research collections of the Museum were open to visiting scientists. The Museum continued its co-operative educational plans with the University of Chicago, Northwestern University, Antioch College, and the Art Institute of Chicago.
Art students constantly use the Museum exhibits as source materials for sketching, modeling, and design. These students, who come in supervised classes from the various art schools in Chicago, range in age from children of six years to adults. Their quiet earnest- ness as they work in the Museum halls attracts the attention of many visitors. Represented are the Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago Academy of Fine Arts, Academy of Applied Art, and the Institute of Design. Greatest in number are the students from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. Many of these classes come regularly, and their interpretations of the natural history of the
72
world are unique and interesting. Selected examples of their work form a special exhibit in Stanley Field Hall of the Museum for one month each summer.
Another type of adult student who comes to the Museum in supervised classes is the teacher-in-training. As future teachers these students, in education classes from several universities and colleges in the Chicago area (Roosevelt College, Pestalozzi-Froebel Teachers College, National College of Education, and De Paul University), are interested in learning how to use the resources of a museum. This instruction for teachers is one of the most hopeful signs of better educational use by the schools of Museum exhibits. Frequent use of Museum exhibits is made by individual students from Roosevelt College, for whom the Museum certifies attendance at the Museum. Unusual student-visitors in the Museum are officers from the Quartermasters Corps of the United States Army, who, although they come especially to see and study spices and food plants, usually become interested in the entire Museum. The co-operative educational plan adopted in 1946 by this Museum and Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio, provides for the temporary employment by the Museum of successive groups of undergraduate students who alternate periods of study on the college campus with periods of work with pay. Under this plan fourteen young men and women were employed in 1950 by the Museum in its scientific depart- ments and administrative offices.
A five-3^ear contract for scientific co-operation between the Universidad Autonoma de El Salvador and Chicago Natural History Museum was signed on January 26, 1950. Under the agreement the Museum will send each year to the Instituto Tropical de Investi- gaciones Cientificas of the Universidad Autonoma a botanist, a geologist, and a zoologist for scientific research and exploration. All collections resulting from the contract are available to the Museum, which will, in turn, build representative collections for retention by the Tropical Institute. The results of these studies will be published by the Museum, by the Tropical Institute, or by both. The plan was inaugurated in September with the departure for El Salvador of Dr. Norman C. Fassett, professor of botany on leave from the University of Wisconsin, who will collect and study aquatic plants.
The Museum continued to co-operate with Dr. Willard F. Libby, of the Institute for Nuclear Studies, University of Chicago, in his research on carbon-14 dating (see pages 35 and 38). In return for assistance by the Navy Department to the 1949 50 anthropo- logical expedition to Micronesia, Dr. Alexander Spoehr, Curator of
73
SupcrMscd classes from the art schools of Chicago sketch in the Museum's halls.
Oceanic Ethnology-, devoted a share of his time in the field as anthropological consultant on administrative problems to the local Navy Civil Administration Unit in the northern Marianas district. He was concerned mainly with land use, owmership, inheritance, and the establishment of a more effective machinery of local self- government among the Chamorros, and recommendations were made for the preservation and care of archaeological sites on Saipan, Tinian, and Rota in connection with the conservation program of the Trust Territory. A research program of studies on the distribu- tion of the mammals of Arkansas involving co-operation with the Department of Zoology of the University of Arkansas has been developed by Colin C. Sanborn, Curator of Mammals, during repeated visits to the state of Arkansas. In the fall of 1950 he spent three weeks in the central and southern parts of the state in the interests of this program.
Members of the staff continued to lecture before classes and seminars at various universities and to conduct classes at the Mu- seum. Dr. Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator of Anthropology, Donald Collier, Curator of South American Ethnology- and Archaeology, and George I. Quimby, Curator of E.xhibits, gave a course at the Museum
74
in New World archaeology for the University of Chicago. During the spring quarter Chief Curator Martin, aided by Dr. John B. Rinaldo, Assistant Curator of Archaeology, held a seminar in South- western archaeology for University of Chicago students. Curator Collier supervised a research course at the Museum on Andean archaeology for graduate students and, with Curator Quimby, gave a course in world ethnology at the University of Chicago. Curator Quimby gave a course in ethnology of North and South America at Northwestern University.
Classes in botany from the University of Chicago, Northwestern University, the State University of Iowa, and Valparaiso University visited the Department of Botany at various times during the year and were conducted through the laboratories and herbaria. Dr. Theodore Just, Chief Curator of Botany, held a seminar at North- western University in March on divergent mutation and at the University of Illinois in December on fossil cycads and on fossil floras of the southern hemisphere. He conducted a class in paleo- botany at Northwestern University in the summer session. Dr. Hugh C. Cutler, Curator of Economic Botany, lectured at the University of Illinois on culture and foods of the Andes and held a seminar on the history of corn and, during the fall, conducted a graduate class in ethnobotany for the University of Chicago.
The advanced course in vertebrate paleontology offered by the University of Chicago was, as in former years, held at the Museum. During the course Dr. Rainer Zangerl, Curator of Fossil Reptiles, lectured on protorosaurians, nothosaurs, and turtles, and Dr. Robert H. Denison, Curator of Fossil Fishes, on primitive fishes. Curator Zangerl discussed the function of comparative anatomy in evalua- tion of structural characters at a symposium in physical anthropology at the University of Chicago, and Curator Denison gave two lectures on the origin and early history of the chordates before a class in biological sciences. Bryan Patterson, Curator of Fossil Mammals, spoke before the graduate class in physical anthropology at the University of Chicago on variation in animals and the principles of taxonomy. By invitation he visited the University of California, Berkeley, in October to hold seminars and to participate in a sym- posium on continental drift.
Karl P. Schmidt, Chief Curator of Zoology, as Lecturer in the Department of Zoology at the University of Chicago, took part in the exchange of faculty between the University of Chicago and the University of Frankfort, Frankfort-on-Main, Germany, where he was in residence from late April to the last day of July. In addition
75
to a seminar for a(lvance<l students in zoology, usinji as textbook the I'rinripUs of Animal Kcnhxjn (Allee, Si-hmidt, and others i, he held conferences with students and stalT at Senckenberg Museum, which has relations with the Tniversity of Frankfort essentially parallel to those between Chicago Xatural History Museum and the I'ni- versity of Chicago. He was received with ^eat cordiality at the museum by Director Robert Mertens, who had been puest of this Museum on a similar faculty exchange. After his return from Germany Chief Curator Schmidt lectured informally on various occasions to classes and other jjroups at the I'niversity of Wisconsin and the University of Chicago. In December he served as con- sultant on museum problems at the University of Florida, lectured to the Society of Sijjma Xi. and took part in a conference on the Caribbean at mid-century. I >. Dwijzht Davis, Curator of Verte- brate Anatomy, was appointed Lecturer in Zoology at the University of Chicago, and in March delivered a lecture at a symposium on the evaluation of characters in classification and evolution.
Scientists from other institutions continued to make use of the study collections in the scientific departments of the Mu.seum. Georges Henri Riviere, A.ssociate General Director of the Inter- national Council of Mu.seums, visited the Museum in January and conferred with the Director, Chief Curator Martin, and Dr. Sharat K. Roy, Chief Curator of Geology. Dr. Guy Stresser-Pean, of Paris, spent two days looking over the Mexican collections in the Depart- ment of Anthropology in preparation for a year's ethnological work among the Huastec Indians. He also consulted with the Department of Botany concerning food plants of the Huastec. Mrs. Kamer Aga-Oglu, of the Mu.>^eum of Anthropology of the University of Michigan, spent six weeks in the Museum examining the Hester Collection of Chinese ceramics from the Philippines. She made important additions to the catalogue of this collection and selected type specimens for photogi'aphing. Dr. Sigurd P>ixon, of the Institute of Folk Life Investigation, Nordic Mu.seum, Stockholm, and Dr. Ake Campbell, of the Folk Culture Archive, University Library, University of Upp.sala, studied exhibits, consulted with Curators Collier and Quimby on the nature of anthroplogical studies in the United States, and received assistance in as.sembling data on American Indian hou.ses, wooden utensils, and foods.
Many visiting botanists u.sed the Mu.seum's botanical collections and laboratories. Dr. Edgar Ander.-^on, of Mi.N.souri Botanical Garden, studied in the herbaria: Dr. S. A. Cain, of Cranbrook Institute, studied ferns of Michigan; Hugh litis, of Missouri Botanical
76
The Raymond Foundation held a one-day course on natural history of the Chicago region for forty-three supervisors and instructors of the Chicago Park District.
Garden, identified his palm collection from Central America; Dr. Duane Isely, of Iowa State College, studied legumes; Professor D wight M. Moore, University of Arkansas, ferns of Arkansas; Dr. Robert W. Schery, Missouri Botanical Garden, legumes; and Dr. Eula Whitehouse, Southern Methodist University, cryptogams.
The collections and facilities of the laboratories in vertebrate paleontology were used by several investigators, among whom were Professor Claude W. Hibbard and John Dorr, Jr., of the University of Michigan; Dr. Charles A. Reed, of the University of Illinois; Dr. Walter Segall, of Northwestern University; and Walter Wheeler, of Yale University. Miss Suzanne Leclerque, professor of paleontology at the University of Liege in Belgium, came to the Museum in the spring to examine the study collection of fossil plants. Dr. Roland Brown, paleobotanist at the United States Geological Survey, visited the Museum in the fall to study the collection of Paleoxyris from the Pennsylvanian deposits near Wilmington, Illinois, and the fossil plants collected in the Gulf regions.
77
Many scientists from other institutions use<l the laboratories of the Department of Zooloj^y and studied its collections. Javier Ortiz <le la Puente, of the Museo de Hisloria Xatural "Javier Prado" in Lima, Peru, worked from March to September on the Peruvian col- lections of mammals and birds. FYank Porter, engineer of Cook Research Laboratories, studied sea lam{)reys and di.scussecl the problems presented by their invasion of the Great I>akes with Loren P. Woods, (\n-alor of Fishes. Brief visits for study were made by Dr. Ale.xander Wetmore, secretary of the Smithsonian Institution; William H. Phelps, of Caracas, Venezuela; Dr. James P. Chapin and Dr. C. H. H. Tate, of the American Museum of Xatural History; Reverend A. 1. (iood, of Wooster, Ohio; Dr. Robert Storer, of the University of Michigan; Harold Hanson, of the Illinois Xatural History Survey; Dr. Arthur C. Twomey, of the Carnegie Museum; Dr. P. 1'.. Vanzolini, of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Dr. L. M. Klauber, of San Diego, California; and Richard Spieler, f)f Rochester, Xew York. Among those using the laboratory and collections of the Division of Anatomy were Dr. K. L. Du Brul, of the College of Dentistry, University of Illinois, Dr. Waldemar Meister, of the Chicago College of Osteopathy, and Dr. Robert L. Miller, of the University of Chicago.
Leon R. Aboulafia, who holds a fellowship from the Biological Institute of the Teachers Seminary at Tel Aviv, I.srael, arrived at the Museum in June to study the techniques of museum e.xhibition and organization, with this Museum as his principal ho.st. At the end of the year I). S. Rabor, of Silliman University, Dumaguete, Xegros Lsland, John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellow from the Philippine Islands, came to the Museum. He had been contributing collections of vertebrates from Xegros and other islands of the Philippines since his participation in the Mu.^^eum's e.\i)eflition to the Philippines in 1946 47 under Harry Hoogstraal, P'ield A.s.sociate. It is hoped that he may be able to prepare hand- books for use in the Phili[)pines, especially in university classes, by working with the Mu.seum stafT and by reviewing the Philippines material in the Museum's collections.
Students working independently or under the direction of a university or college have made good use of the e.xhibit,s and study collections in African ethnology and physical anthropology. Several students specializing in studies of Angola (Portuguese West Africa) have found the Mu.seum exhibits particularly helpful. Assi.stant Curator Rinaldo supervised graduate students from the University of Chicago who were making a study of wood and fiber artifacts
78
of the Mogollon culture. Graduate students in zoology of the University of Chicago who are engaged in studies at the Museum are Robert F. Inger (of the staff), under the direction of Chief Curator Schmidt; Robert Sokol and Ronald Ward, under the direction of Alfred E. Emerson, Research Associate in Insects; and William J. Beecher and Robert Smolker, under the direction of Curator Davis.
Other special activities of staff members included lectures before general groups and radio talks. Assistant Curator Rinaldo gave a movie-lecture on Southwestern archaeology before the Earth Science Club of northern Illinois; Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, Associate Curator of the Herbarium, talked before the Barrington Women's Club, Chicago Aquarium Society, Conservation Council, and Men's Garden Club of Mundelein and Liberty ville; Harry E. Changnon, Curator of Exhibits in Geology, addressed the Chicago Lapidary Club; Chief Curator Schmidt lectured before the spring seminar of the Texas Game, Fish, and Oyster Commission in Rockport; Curator Davis talked on his recent expedition to Borneo at the annual dinner of the employees of the Chicago Zoological Society; and Dr. Austin L. Rand, Curator of Birds, discussed the Museum's exhibit of bird eggs and nests over radio station WJJD (Chicago). Curator Rand was invited to accompany a group from the Armour Livestock Bureau on an air-tour of the northwestern states to study urgent conservation problems. Rupert L. Wenzel, Assistant Curator of Insects, and Curator Sanborn attended the Fifth Army Insect and Rodent Control Conference at Fort Sheridan, Illinois, and Assistant Curator Wenzel addressed the conference on insect control. Dr. R. M. Strong, Research Associate in Anatomy, president of the Illinois Audubon Society, was appointed by Governor Adlai E. Stevenson to the chairmanship of a committee for consultation on problems relating to the Illinois Beach State Park near Waukegan. Associate Curator Steyermark was named a member of the committee.
ACTIVITIES OF STAFF MEMBERS IN SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES
Dr. Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator of Anthropology, attended the annual meetings of the American Anthropological Association held in December in Berkeley, California, to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the Department of Anthropology at the University of California and presented a paper on "The South- western Co-Tradition." With Dr. John B. Rinaldo, Assistant
79
riirator of Arrhaeolojiy, and Miss Klaine Hluhm. Assistant in ArchacH)Iopy, he attended the Pecos Conferenre on Southwestern arc-haeolo)iy at the Museum of Xorlhern Arizona in Fla^'stalF in August. Donald Colher, Curator of South American Kthnolojfy and Archaeology, attended the annual meeting of the Division of Anthropology and Psychology of the Xational Research Council. He presented papers at the symposium on technicjues in archaeology and tiie seminar on physical anthropology held by the Viking Fund, Inc., in Xew ^'ork in March and June, respectively. He continued to .serve as a inomher of the Committee on Carbon-14 Dating of the American Anthropological Association and the (ieological ."society of America and as a representative of the American Anthropological A.s.sociation to the Division of Anthropology and Psychology of the National Re.search Council. He is a member of the e.xecutive committee of tlie Xational Re.search Council and .second vice- president of the Society for American Archaeology. George I. Quimby. Curator of Kxhibits, attended in May the joint annual meetings of the Society for American Archaeology, of which he is .secretary, and the Central States Branch of the American Anthropo- logical A.s.sociation at the University of Oklahoma, Xorman.
Dr. Theodore Just, Chief Curator of Botany, attended the meeting of the Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralo- gists in Chicago in April and read a paper before the .sym|)osium on applied paleobotany. Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, A.s.sociate Curator of the Herbarium, Dr. Karl E. SherfT, Re.search A.s.sociate in Systematic Botany, and Chief Curator Just attended the annual meetings of the American Institute of Biological Sciences in Co- lumbus, Ohio, in September. Chief Curator Just pre.sented papers before the Society for the Study of P2 volution, of which he is .secretary, and the Systematic Section of the Botanical Society of America. During the year he was appointed chairman of the Committee on Paleobotany, Divi.sion of Geology and Geography, of the Xational Research Council. A.s.sociate Curator Steyermark is secretary of the Sy.stematic Section of the Botanical Society of America and .secretary of the Sy.stematic Section of the Society of Plant Taxono- mists. Dr. Francis Drouet, Curator of Cryptogamic Botany, repre- sented the Mu.seum at the Seventh International Botanical Congress held in Stockholm, Sweden, in July and pre.sented a paper. Dr. Jos^ Cuatreca.sas, Curator of Colombian Botany, was appointed corresponding member of the Ecuadorian Institute of Xatural Sciences. Dr. Hanford Tiffany, Re.search Associate in Cryptogamic Botany, is president of the Phycological Society of America.
80
A reproduction of a ginger lily has been added to the plant exhibits in Hall 29.
Dr. Sharat K. Roy, Chief Curator of Geology, Robert K. Wyant, Curator of Economic Geology, Bryan Patterson, Curator of Fossil Mammals, Dr. Rainer Zangerl, Curator of Fossil Reptiles, and Dr. Robert H. Denison, Curator of Fossil Fishes, attended the meetings of the Geological Society of America in Washington, D.C., in November. Curators Patterson, Zangerl, and Denison also attended the meetings of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology held con- currently, where Curator Patterson discussed the Early Cretaceous mammals found in northern Texas. Eugene S. Richardson, Jr., Curator of Fossil Invertebrates, and Curator Wyant attended the meetings of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists in Chicago in April. In September Curator Wyant attended the meet- ings of the National Chemical Exposition held also in Chicago.
Dr. Fritz Haas, Curator of Lower Invertebrates, presided as president at the annual meeting of the American Malacological Union, which was held in the Museum in June. Colin C. Sanborn,
81
Curator of Mammals, aiiended the meetings of the American Society of Mammalo^nsts in Yellowstone National Park in June and was elected to the society's board of directors. During the year he was elected a member of the Washington Academy of Sciences, Wash- ington, D.C, with the citation. "In recognition of his contributions to systematic zoology, particularly in the classification of the Chiroptera, and faunal studies in South America." Dr. Austin L. Rand, Curator of Birds, attended the meetings of the American Ornithologists' Union in St. Paul an<l was electe<l a member of the International Committee, the governing and oi)erating board for the International Ornithological Congre.s.ses. ClifTord H. Pope, Curator of Amphibians and Reptiles, was electe<l president of the Kennicott Club of Chicago, an organization that includes most of the active workers in the museum fields of zoology and botany in the Chicago region. D. Dwight Davis, Curator of Vertebrate Anatomy, was elected vice-president of the Society for the Study of Evolution, and Chief Curator Schmidt continued as treasurer.
The Director of the Museum attended the annual meeting of the American A.s.sociation of Museums held in Colorado Springs, Colo- rado, in May. He al.so attended the meeting of the Council of that organization and visited the Denver Mu.seum of Natural History with that body. At other times during the year he visited the Los Angeles County (California i Mu.seum, Arizona State Museum at Tucson, and the university museums at Stanford I'niversity, Cali- fornia, and at Michigan State College. Mrs. Meta P. Howell, Librarian of the Mu.seum, and ]Mrs. Eunice ^L Gemmill, Associate Librarian, attended the midwinter conference of the American Library Association in Chicago in January. They also attended during the year sessions of various profe.ssional organizations such as the Special Libraries A.ssociation, the Illinois Regional Group of Cataloguers, and the Chicago Library Club.
A number of staff members .serve in editorial capacities on scientific journals. Dr. Ale.xander Spoehr, Curator of Oceanic Ethnology, resumed the review editorship of the Americati Anthro- pologist in December upon his return from his expedition to Micro- nesia, Curator Collier having served as review editor during his ab.sence. Chief Curator Just continued as editor of Lloydia and member of the editorial boarrl of Evolution and was appointed editor of Paleobotanical Report. Research A.ssociate Sherff continued as a member of the editorial committee of Brittonia. Curator Patterson was appointed associate editor of Evolution and Curator Zangerl was made foreign editor of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Xews
82
Bulletin. Chief Curator Schmidt continued as herpetological editor of Copeia, section editor (amphibians and reptiles) of Biological Abstracts, and consulting editor (cold-blooded vertebrates) of American Midland Naturalist and was elected during the year to the editorial board of Ecology.
Publications of staff members during 1950 other than those issued by Chicago Natural History Museum included the following titles:
DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY
Allen, T. George
Occurrences of Pyramid Texts, with Cross Indexes of These and Other Egyptian Mortuary Texts (University of Chicago Press, No. 27 in Oriental Institute "Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization"), vii+149 pages
Collier, Donald
"Reconnaissance Notes on the Site of Huari, Near Ayacucho, Peru," American Antiquity, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 120-137 [with John H. Rowe and Gordon R.
Willey]
QuiMBY, George I.
"Archaeology, Western Hemisphere," in 1950 Britannica Book of the Year, A Record of . . . Events of 19^9 (Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.), pp. 54-56
"Historic Creek Pottery from Oklahoma," American Antiquity, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 249-251 [with Alexander Spoehr]
Spoehr, Alexander
"Observations on the Study of Kinship," American Anthropologist, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 1-15
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
Cuatrecasas, Jose
"Frailejonal, tipico cuadro de la vida vegetal en los paramos andinos.," Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias, vol. 7, pp. 457-461
"Gutiferas nuevas o poco conocidas de Colombia," Anales del Instituto de Biologia de Mexico, vol. 20, pp. 91-112
"Les especies del genere Espeletia," Butlleti de la Institucio Catalana d'Historia Natural, vol. 37, pp. 30-41
"New and Noteworthy Colombian Trees," Tropical Woods, no. 96, pp. 37-47
"New Species of Cecropia and Quararibea," in "Plantae Colombianae XH" by Richard Evans Schultes, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University), vol. 14, pp. 24-27, 30-32
"Notas a la Flora de Colombia, Guttiferae," Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias, vol. 8, pp. 32-69
Cutler, Hugh C.
"Methods of Popping Corn and Their Historical Significance," Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 303-308, 1 plate, 2 figures [with Edgar Anderson]
83
DEPAKTMKNT OF BOTANY (continued)
Droikt, Fran<is
"Myxophyceao" (idontifirations and dpscriptionsl, in Plants of Bikini and Other Sorlhern Marshall Islands by William Ranrlolph Taylor (University of MichiRan Press, Volumo IS in Tnivcrsitv of Michigan Studies, Scientific S«'ries^ pp. 103 llfi
"Nomina Conservanda of (jenera of Myxcmhyceae" (note), in "N'omonclatural Principles and Rules in Reference to Certain Funjjal and Algal Generic Names" (by Maxwell S. I^oty). Lloydin, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 9 10
Just, Theodor
"Carpels and Ovules," in Families of Dicotyledons by Alfred Gunderson
(Waltham, Massachusetts: Chronica Botanica Company!, pp. 1'2 17
"Me.sozoic Plant Microfos.sils and Their Geological Significance" (abstract!,
Annual Meetings, 1950 (The Society of Economic Paleontologi.sts and Miner-
alogists\ p. 39
Review of Phyton, Annales Rei Rotanicae (edited by F. Weber and F. Widder),
in Quarterly Reriew of Biology, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 327-328
Review of Practical Plant Anatomy (by Adriance S. Fo.ster), in Quarterly
Reriew of Biology, vol. 25, no. 2, p. 225
Standley, Pall C.
"A New Cycad from Honduras," Ceiba, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 36-38 [with Louis O.
Williams)
"FA Cipres Centroamericano," Cciha, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. lsO-185
"Henri Frangois Pittier en Costa Rica," Ceiha, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 131-135
"New Plants from Honduras," Ceiba, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 38 49
"Plantae Centrali Americanae, I," Ceiba, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 141-170 [with
Louis O. Williamsl
"Plantas Nuevas Hondurefias y Xicaraguenses," Ceiha, vol. 1, no. 2. pp.
74-96 [with Louis O. Williamsl
"Teosinte in Honduras," Ceibn, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 58-61
STEYERMARK, JlLIAS A.
"Flora of Guatemala," Ecology, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 368-372
"Missouri Towns with Plant Names," Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin,
vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 55 60
"Notes on Geocarpon minimum Mackenzie," Bulletin of the Torreu Botanical
Club, vol. 77, no. 4, pp. 268-273
"Scarlet Oak in Missouri," Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin, vol. 37, no. 8,
pp. 143-145
"Wild Orchids of Missouri," Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin, vol. 38,
no. 4, pp. 61 64
"Yellow in the Early Spring," Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin, vol. 38,
no. 4, pp. 71-73
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY
Denison, Robert H.
"A New Arthrodire from the New Y'ork State Devonian," American Journal of Science, vol. 248, pp. 565-580
Zangerl, Rainer
"Discovery of Early Cretaceous Mammals and Frogs in Texas," Science, vol. 112. rio. 2898, p. 61 [with Robert H. Denisonj
84
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
Haas, Fritz
"Hermit Crabs in Fossil Snail Shells in Bermuda," Ecology, vol. 31, p. 152 "On Fresh Water Mollusks from the Amazonian Region," Anales del In- stituto de Biologia de Mexico, vol. 20, pp. 301-316, 6 figures
"On Some Deepsea Mollusks from Bermuda," Builleti de la Institucid Catalana d'Historia Natural, vol. 37, pp. 69-73, 6 figures
"Some Land and Freshwater Mollusks from Para State, Brazil," Nautilus, vol. 64, pp. 4-6
Hershkovitz, Philip
"Mammals of Northern Colombia, Preliminary Report No. 6: Rabbits (Leporidae), with Notes on the Classification and Distribution of the South American Forms," Proceedings of the United States National Museum, vol. 100, pp. 327 375, 2 maps
Inger, Robert F.
"Distribution and Speciation of the Amphibians of the Riu Kiu Islands," American Naturalist, vol. 84, pp. 95-115, 4 maps, 3 figures
Pope, Clifford H.
"A Statistical and Ecological Study of the Salamander Pletliodon yonahlossee," Bulletin of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, vol. 9, pp. 79-106, 5 figures
"Reptiles," in The Care and Breeding of Laboratory Animals, edited by Edmond J. Farris (New York: John Wiley and Sons), pp. 299-330 (chapter 12)
Rand, Austin L.
"A New Race of Owl, Otus bakkamoena, from Negros, Philippine Islands," Natural History Miscellanea, no. 72, pp. 1-5
"A New Race of the Philippine Creeper Rhabdornis inornatus (Class Aves)," Natural History Miscellanea, no. 59, pp. 1-3
"Critical Notes on Limnodromus semipalmatus," Condor, vol. 52 pp. 228-231
"Feather Replacement in Cassowaries," Auk, vol. 67, pp. 378-379
"Notes on van Someren Collection," Auk, vol. 67, p. 258
"On the Name Francolinus sephaena spilogaster Salvadori," Auk, vol. 67, pp. 384-385
"The Amount of Overlap Allowable for Subspecies," Auk, vol. 67, pp. 169- 183 [with Mehan A. Traylor, Jr.]
"Three Rare Philippine Birds," Natural History Miscellanea, no. 60, pp. 1-5
Sanborn, Colin Campbell
"A Nepal Record of the Long-eared Bat (Plecotus homochrous Hodgson), Natural History Miscellanea, no. 69, pp. 1-2
"Chiroptera from Dundo, Lunda, Northeastern Angola," PublicaQoes Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, no. 10, pp. 51-62, 5 figures
"New Philippine Fruit Bats," Proceedings of the Biological Society of Wash- ington, vol. 63, pp. 189-190
"Notes on the Malay Tapir and Other Game Animals in Siam," Journal of Mammalogy, vol. 31, pp. 430-433 [with A. Rush Watkins]
"Small Rodents from Peru and Bolivia," Publicaciones del Museo de Historia Natural "Javier Prado," Lima, Peru, Ser. A., Zoologica, no. 5, pp. 1-16
Schmidt, Karl P.
"The Concept of Geographic Range, with Illustrations from Amphibians and Reptiles," Texas Journal of Science, vol. 2, pp. 326-334
"Modes of Evolution Discernible in the Taxonomy of Snakes," Evolution, vol. 4, pp. 79-86, 2 figures
"Wilfred Hudson Osgood, 1875-1947," Auk, vol. 67, pp. 183-189
85
THE BOOK SHOP
The poi)iilarity of the liook Shop was (lemonsiraio(l by the fact that net sales for the year totaled more than $12, ()()(). It is worthy of note that sales each week between mid-May and mid-September amounted to more than $1, ()()(). The inventory was necessarily increased somewhat because of a number of authoritative new books that have appeared during the year and for which there has been an almost constant demand. An unexpected trend is ihe increase in the sale of novelties, particularly durinj; the summer months when Museum visitors are to a lar^e extent from outside the Chicago area. The increase in .sales by mail indicates that there is a prowinp recognition by out-of-town purcha.sers that the Mu.seum Hook Shop can serve their needs through its good .selection of authoritative books in the fields of natural history and anthropology.
CAFETERIA
Again the Museum achieved a new record in the number of persons served in its cafeteria and lunchroom. An increase of more than 25,000 persons brought the total number served this year to 281,954. Total receipts also increased but not in proportion to the increase in attendance. Changes in the .service areas in the lunchroom have noticeably cut down the length of time needed to .serve each in- dividual. Procedures are constantly under study in order that the greatest number of persons may be served with the least delay.
MAINTENANCE, CONSTRUCTION. AND ENGINEERING
It is difficult to report accurately the tremendous volume of work done by the Division of Maintenance and the Division of Engineering. Every change in the exhibition halls, every office alteration, and every special exhibition make demands upon them. p]xhibition ca.ses must be constructed and moved into position, electrical circuits must be provided in acce.ssible locations, every large shipment leaving the Mu.seum must be boxed or crated, and even changes in weather place new duties on the.se divisions. Under the.se circum- stances it .should be understood that any factual report of their accomplishments must at best be incomplete.
In connection with the reconditioning of Mary D. Sturges Hall (Hall 5' many exhibition ca.ses were remodeled and painted gray instead of black, and poison pans were installed to protect the
86
exhibits from possible attack by insects. The old exhibition cases were removed from the west half of Clarence Buckingham Hall (Hall 35, Rocks and General GeologjO- The Division of Fishes was moved from its quarters on the third floor to a location on the ground floor (see page 19), The service counter in the lunchroom was remodeled, and a rubber-tile floor was installed in the cafeteria. Extensive measures for the extermination of termites were continued throughout the building. Sash and window frames were repaired, all exterior woodwork was painted, and a new numbering system was adopted for identifying the hundreds of window screens used in the building. A concrete ramp was constructed at the outside entrance of the shipping room for better handling of wheel chairs.
The modernization of the boiler room begun last year was com- pleted (see page 19). All piping and exposed steel work were painted, a hot-water heater with automatic controls was installed, the boilers and breeching were cleaned, and the pumps were repaired. A large crack in the breeching just inside the building line, resulting from
James R. Shouba, Superintendent of Maintenance, Loren P. Woods, Curator of Fishes, Robert F. Inger, Assistant Curator of Fishes, and Robert Kanazawa, Assistant (since resigned), check over the plans for the new quarters of the Division of Fishes.
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settlement, came to li^hi during the heavy spring rains. In order to repair this damage it was necessary to break o{)en the cement floor, install a permanent manhole, and replace the broken section of the downspout hne. The freight elevator was rebuilt, and the gears, which had been in use for thirty-one years, were replace<l. Exhaust fans were installed on the fourth floor in the workroom of Josepii H. Krstolich, Artist in Zoology, to remove fine plastic dust, on the third floor in the Division of Photography and the Division of Motion Pictures, and on the second floor in the Meeting Room, and air ducts were connecte<l with the skin-storage rooms in the Division of Taxidermy in order to avoid the high temperatures that might damage the skins. Fluorescent lighting fixtures were installer! in the poison rooms on the fourth floor, in the da.ssroom on the ground floor, and in new wall cases in several exhibition halls, and vapor- j)roof lights were substituted for the old lights in the hood over the cooking range in the cafeteria to le.s.sen danger of fire. Under con- tracts in force 16,001,328 i)oimds of steam were furnished to the Chicago Park District and 16,011.500 pounds to the John G. Shedd A(iuarium, a total of 32.012,828 pounds delivered.
MISCELLANEOUS
In the pages that follow are submitted the Mu.seum's financial statements, attendance statistics, door receipts, acce.ssions, list of Members, articles of incorporation, and amended by-laws.
Clifford C. Gregg, Director Chicago Natural History Museum
88
COMPARATIVE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS 1949 AND 1950
INCOME 1950 1949
Endowment funds $715,206.23 $708,582.49
Life Membership Fund 10,707.04 9,723.03
Associate Membership Fund . . 14,399.79 12,891.34
Chicago Park District 128,776.81 134,003.04
Annual and Sustaining Mem- berships 19,880.00 19,125.00
Admissions 30,310.25 30,694.75
Sundry receipts 29,179.59 23,927.77
Contributions, general pur- poses 1,671.50 886.83
Contributions, special pur- poses (expended 7?erroH//-fl) 28,624.59 25,927.67 Special funds — part expended for purpose designated (in- cluded per contra) 15,230.09 17,894.10
$993,985.89 $983,656.02
Expenditures
Collections $ 17,976.48 $ 41,417.37
Operating expenses capitalized
and added to collections . . 75,141.85 67,114.92
Expeditions 21,506.86 42,645.34
Furniture, fixtures, etc 54,536.76 11,116.06
Wages capitalized and added to
fixtures 2,785.84 4,718.70
Pensions and group insurance . . 72,620.66 74,830.94
Departmental expenses 105,501.80 89,171.29
General operating expense. . . . 520,451.01 519,799.74 Building repairs and alterations 118,653.06 130,701.90 Reserve for building repairs and mechanical plant de- preciation 10,000.00
$999,174.32 $981,516.26
Balance $ 2,139.76
Deficit $ 5,188.43
The N. W. Harris Public School Extension
1950 1949
Income from endowments $ 19,625.98 $ 18,328.29
Expenditures 20,489.72 21,932.94
Deficit $ 863.74 $ 3,604.65
89
COMPARATIXT ATTENDANCE STATISTICS AND DOOR RECEIPTS
FOR YEARS 1949 AND 1950
1949
1.145,359
122,779
1950
Total attendance 1.173,661
Paid attendance U 1 ,J4 1
Free admissions on pay days:
Students 31.174
School children 81.601
Teachers 3,675
Members 531
Service men and women 1.061
Special meetings and occasions. . . . 4,083
Admissions on free days:
Thursdays (52) 161,721
Saturdays (52) 309,188
Sundays (52) 459,086
Highest attendance on any day
(September 3 1 13,889 (September 4) 11,859
Lowest attendance on any day
(December 6) 98 (December 16) 169
Highest paid attendance (September 4) 3,100 (Septembers) 3,739
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460,417 |
Average daily admissions (363 days) . . . 3,233 (363 days) 3,155
Average paid admissions (207 days) . . 586 (209 days) 587
Copies of General Guide sold Number of articles checked Number of picture post cards sold
21.722
31.802
177,051
22.207
33,763
168,862
Sales of Museum publications (both scientific and popular) and photo- graphs; rental of wheel chairs
$13,177.60
$10,387.98
90
ACCESSIONS, 1950
DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY-ACCESSIONS
Chicago Natural History Museum :
Collected by Dr. Paul S. Martin (Southwest Archaeological Expedition, 1950): about 2,130 specimens, including clay, bone, shell, and stone artifacts, as well as perishable articles made of wood, cane, leather, and woven sandals and cloth, also "mummies" — Tularosa Cave, near Reserve, New Mexico
Collected by Dr. Alexander Spoehr (Micronesia Anthropological Expedi- tion, 1949-50): pottery vessels and sherds; stone, bone, and shell artifacts; and prehistoric human and animal skeletal material — Saipan, Tinian, and the Palau Islands
Purchases: 1 old beaded shoulder bag and 1 old beaded hair ornament, both Sauk and Fox — Tama, Iowa
Grier, Mrs. Susie I., Estate of. May wood, Illinois: 65 ethnological
specimens — North American Indian (gift)
McClun, Mrs. John M., Chicago: 8 Egyptian scarabs, 5 strings of Egyp- tian glass and faience beads, 3 small strings of miscellaneous Egyptian beads, 1 pair of Etruscan earrings — Egypt and Italy (gift)
McCutcheon, Mrs. John T., Lake Forest, Illinois: 1 book made from palm or dandanus leaves, with inscription in Sanskrit(?) — probably Indian (gift)
Morey, Dr. Charles W., Chicago: pottery vessel in form of four fruits joined to central spout — Peru (gift)
Pelaez, Vinicio R., Cebu City, Philippine Islands: 1 bronze Japanese statue — Philippine Islands (gift)
Ransom, Robert M., Oak Park, Illi- nois: drum of wood, with hide head, Choco Indians — Colombia (gift)
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY-ACCESSIONS
Abbott, Dr. Isabella A., Pacific Grove, California: 109 specimens of algae (gift)
Adelaide, University of, Adelaide, Australia: 300 specimens of algae (ex- change)
Barmack, Mrs. B. J., Chesterton, Indiana: 2 specimens of fungi (gift)
Bayalis, John, Chicago: 2 specimens of fungi (gift)
Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Hono- lulu, Hawaii, T.H.: 994 plant specimens (exchange)
Blum, Dr. John L., Buffalo: 153 specimens of algae (gift)
BoTANiscHE Staatssammlung, Mun- ich, Germany: 85 plant specimens (ex- change)
BucHHOLZ, Dr. John T., Urbana, Illinois: 2 photographic prints, 1 plant specimen (gift)
Burpee Seed Company, Philadel- phia: 81 legume-seed packets (gift)
Butler University, Indianapolis: 30 plant specimens (exchange)
Calhoun, Barbara, Milwaukee: 82 plant specimens (gift)
California, University of, Ber- keley: 289 cryptogamic specimens (gift); 1,077 plant specimens, 367 specimens of algae (exchange)
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco: 110 plant specimens (exchange)
Camp, Earl, Iowa City, Iowa: 2 plant specimens (gift)
Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C.: 17 plant specimens (gift)
Chambers, T. C, Auckland, New Zealand: 3 specimens of algae (gift)
91
ChaI'Man. Dk. \'. J., Aufkland. Ni-w Zealan<l: *j s|H'cim«'ns of alRae (Rift)
Chask. N'lKtJlMl s n.. I\>i>ria ilcinlits, Illinois: 1275 plant sp«'cim»'ns n'xrhariK''^
Chicago Natikai, History Miskim:
Collected by Dr. Hunh V. CutU-r (Southwest Botanical Kxpcdition, 1919': ;nJ plant spcciiiifns
Ct)llpcted by D. DwiRht Davis and Uobort F. InRor (Borneo ZooloRical Hxpinlition. 1950): 5 plants of North Borneo
Collected by Henry S. l)yl)as i South- eastern States Zoological Field Trip, 1949): 113 specimens of fun^i
Collected by Paul ('. Stanflley (Middle Central America Botanical Kx- pedition, 1948 50): 30.000 plant speci- mens
Purchaitcs: 500 plant specimens Spain: B49 plant specimens Peru; •J. 300 plant specimens southern Nlexico; 200 plant specimens South Africa; 1 15 plant specimens Colombia; 500 plant specimens Formosa and Japan; 126 plant specimens Ignited States, West Indies, Central America, and South America; 573 wood speci- mens— Ecuador
CoLEGio Salesiano, Lima, Peru: 60 plant specimens (gift)
Colorado, I'niversity of, Mlseim, Boulder: 1 plant specimen and reprint of original description (gift)
Cook, Dr. Mkiaii.le T., Baton Rouge, Louisiana: 4 cryptogamic speci- mens (gift)
Culberson, William, Cincinnati: 39 cryptogamic specimens (gift)
CiMMiNS, Dr. George, Lafayette, Indiana: 1 plant specimen (gift)
Cutler, Dr. Hugh C, Chicago: 277 plant specimens, 73 cryptogamic speci- mens (gift)
Dahlgren, Dr. B. E., Chicago: 10 plant specimens (gift*
Daily, Mrs. Fay K., Indianapolis: 12 plant specimens (gift)
Daily, William A., Indianapolis: lis specimens of algae (exchange)
Davis, Dr. Jared J., Richland, Washington: 1 cryptogamic specimen (gift)
DiLLER, Dr. Violet M., Cincinnati: 50 algal cultures (gift)
Dominion Botanist, The, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: 25 plant specimens (exchange)
Doty, Dk. .\1a\uell S., Evanston, Illinois: 5 cryptogamic specimens, 400 specimens of fungi (gift)
Downing, (Ilenn R., Battle Creek, Michigan: 1 plant specimen (gift)
Dkockt, Dr. Francis, Chicago: 4 plant sjM'ciniens (gift i
Durham. O. C, North Chicago, Illi- nois: 1 plant specimen (gift)
Dyhas, Hk.nry S., Chicago: 27 speci- mens of fungi (gift)
ESCUEI.A .•\t;KffoLA Panamerkana, Tegucigalpa, Honilurjis: 5,164 plant specimens (exchange)
Fassett, Dr. Norman C, Madi.son,
Wisconsin: 3 plant specimens (gifti; 78 plant specimens (exchange)
F'isHER, (JeoR(;e L., Houston, Texas: 8 specimens of algae (gift)
FRif>;NER, Ray C, Indianapolis: 71 cryptogamic specimens (exchange)
Fuller, Dr. George D., Springfield, Illinois: 93 plant specimens (exchange)
Gaiser, Dr. Lulu O., Cambridge, Ma.s.sachu.setts: 4 plant specimens (gift)
Giims, Dr. R. D., Montreal, Quebec, Canada: 2 specimens of algae (gift)
GiER, Dr. L. J., Liberty, Mi.s.souri:
46 specimens of algae (gift i
Glassman, Dr. Sidney F., Chicago: 31 cryptogamic specimens, 553 plant specimens (gift)
Habeeb, Dr. Herbert, Grand Falls, New Brunswick, Canada: 58 crypto- gamic specimens (exchange)
Harvard University, Cambridge, Ma.s.sachusetts: 341 plant specimens (gift); 421 plant specimens (exchange)
Hatheway, William H., Waialua, Oahu, Hawaii, T.H.: 102 plant speci- mens (gift )
Hermann, Dr. F. J., Beltsville, Maryland: 1 plant specimen (gift)
Herter, Dr. W. G., Bern, Switzer- land: 1 plant specimen (gift)
HiLDEHRAND. B. G., Brooklyn: 15 wood specimens (exchange)
HoDGE, Dr. Walter H., .\mherst, Massachu.setts: 50 plant specimens (ex- change)
Ho(;sHEAD, Raymond C, North .Miami, F'lorida: 3 plant specimens (gift)
HuMM, Dr. Harold J., Tallaha-s.see, Florida: 1 cryptogamic specimen, 2 specimens of algae (gift)
Illinois. University of, Chicago: 1,874 plant specimens (gift)
92
Illinois, University of, Urbana: 14 plant specimens (gift)
Illinois State Museum, Spring- field: 92 plant specimens (gift)
Iltis, Dr. Hugh, St. Louis: 1 cryp- togamic specimen (gift)
Instituto Geobiologico, Porto Alegre, Brazil: 42 plant specimens (ex- change)
Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucuman, Argentina: 1 plant specimen (gift); 1,793 plant specimens (exchange)
Jardin Botanique, Brussels, Bel- gium: 1 plant specimen (exchange)
Johns Hopkins University, Balti- more, Maryland: 7,059 plant specimens, 2,600 cryptogamic specimens (gift)
Johnson, Dr. Leslie, Chicago: 3 specimens of fungi (gift)
Jones, Dr. G. Neville, Urbana, Illinois: 1 plant specimen (gift)
Kelly, Isabel, Mexico, D.F.: 55 plant specimens (gift)
Kiener, Dr. Walter, Lincoln, Ne- braska: 508 specimens of algae (gift); 160 specimens of algae (exchange)
Levvin, Ralph A., New Haven, Con- necticut: 3 specimens of algae (gift)
Lindsey, Dr. Alton A., Lafayette, Indiana: 3 specimens of algae (gift)
LOUDERBACK, HaROLD B., ArgO,
Illinois: 4 specimens of algae (gift)
Macbride, J. Francis, Stanford University, California: 44 plant speci- mens (gift)
Madsen, Dr. Grace C, Tallahassee, Florida: 117 specimens of algae (gift)
Maldonado, Professor Angel, Lima, Peru: 12 specimens of algae (gift)
Martinez, Professor Maximino, Mexico, D.F.: 1 plant specimen (gift)
Matuda, Eizi, Mexico, D.F.: 83 plant specimens (gift); 110 plant speci- mens (exchange)
May, Dr. Valerie, Sydney, Aus- tralia: 14 cryptogamic specimens (gift)
Merrill, Dr. Elmer D., Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts: 1 plant specimen (gift)
Michigan, University of, Ann Arbor: 144 cryptogamic specimens, 699 plant specimens (exchange)
Michigan State College, East Lansing: 6 wood specimens (exchange)
Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis: 22 plant specimens (gift); 3,755 plant specimens (exchange)
MoLDENKE, Dr. Harold N., New York: 51 photographic prints, 35 plant specimens (exchange)
MoNCURE, Robert C, Guatemala, Guatemala: 1 plant specimen (gift)
Moore, Dr. Dwight, Fayetteville, Arkansas: 1 plant specimen (gift)
Morrison, Dr. Warren, Chicago: 2 plant specimens, 3 cryptogamic speci- mens (gift)
Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Caracas, Venezuela: 400 plant speci- mens (exchange)
MusEO Nacional, San Jose, Costa Rica: 366 plant specimens (gift)
MusEO Nacional db Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile: 1,256 photo- graphic prints (exchange)
National Museum, Manila, Philip- pine Islands: 812 plant specimens (ex- change)
Natural Resources Section, Division of Forestry, San Francisco: 40 wood specimens (gift)
Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden: 1,617 plant speci- mens (exchange)
Nelson, Mrs. Natalie C, Chicago: 2 specimens of fungi (gift)
New York Botanical Garden, New York: 22 specimens of algae, 216 plant specimens, 10 photographic prints (gift); 375 plant specimens, 44 photo- graphic prints (exchange)
Nielsen, Dr. Chester S., Talla- hassee, Florida: 131 specimens of algae (gift)
Nielsen, Dr. Chester S., Talla- hassee, Florida, and William L. Cul- berson, Cincinnati: 82 specimens of algae (gift)
Nogle, Harold, Port Arthur, Texas: 67 wood specimens (exchange)
NoRVELL, Oliver, Stanford Uni- versity, California: 58 plant specimens (gift)
Oakes, Orville a., Winnetka, Illi- nois: 1 wood specimen (gift)
Ohlendorf, Dr. William C, Park Ridge, Illinois: 136 botanical books, 2,788 plant specimens (gift)
Osborn, Dr. Ben O., San Angelo, Texas: 2 specimens of algae (gift)
Palumbo, Dr. Ralph, Philadelphia: 20 specimens of algae (gift)
Patrick, Dr. Ruth, Philadelphia: 133 plant specimens (gift)
93
Philadelphia Acai>km\ ok Xatihal SciKNCt^i, I'hiladt'lphia: 17 plant sp«-iM- mens (gift); 15 specimens of algae (ex- change)
Philipi'Ines. University of the, Quezon City, Philippine Islands: 631 specimens of al^ae (exchanKe)
P I c H I - S E R M () L I- 1 . Professor RonoLFO, University of Florence, Flor- ence, Italy: 100 plant specimens (ex- change)
Plant Indistrv Station, Beltsviile, Maryland: 730 plant specimens (ex- change)
Qieenslanp, University of, Bris- bane, Australia: 55 specimens of algae (exchange i
Richards Fund, Donald: 199 cryp- togamic sj^ecimens from Mt. Shasta, 909 cryptogamic specimens, 4J4 speci- mens of moss from P'innish Lapland, 383 specimens of moss and lichens from Finland, 50 specimens of fungi from North America, 1275 cryptogamic speci- mens from Alaska
Richardson, Eugene S., Jr., Win- netka, Illinois: I cryptogamic specimen (gift)
Ruksherbarium, Leiden, Nether- lands: S60 specimens of algae, 1,439 cryptogamic specimens (exchange)
Roc.ERS, Dr. D. p.. New York: 38 specimens of algae (gift)
Ross, Lillian A., Chicago: 11 cryp- togamic specimens (gift)
Rousseau, Dr. Jacques, Montreal, Quebec, Canada: 8 specimens of algae (gift)
Rubinstein, Dr. and Mrs. Joseph, Chicago: 2 cryptogamic specimens (gift)
RuT(^ERS University, New Bruns- wick, New Jersey: 68 cryptogamic specimens (exchange)
Sanborn. Colin C, Highland Park, Illinois: '26 plant specimens (gift)
SCHALLERT. Dr. Paul O., Altamonte Springs, Florida: '22 specimens of algae (gift)
Schmidt, Karl P., Homewood, Illi- nois: 1 cryptogamic specimen (gift J
S(-oTT, Milton, Miami, Florida: 77 wood specimens (exchange)
Sella, K.mil, Chicago: 5 specimens of fungi (gift )
Senn, Dr. Harold A., Ottawa, On- tario, Canada: 18 specimens of algae (gift)
Sherff, Dr. Earl E., Chicago: 1,987 plant sp<>cimens (^giftt
SiLVA, Her.man, Ka-^t Lansing, Michi- gan: 247 specimens of algae (gift)
SiLVA. Paul C, Berkeley, California: 31 specimens of algae (gift)
Taylor, Dr. William Randolph, Ann Arbor, Michigan: 21 specimens of algae (gift)
TENNt:ssEE, University of, Knox- ville: 25 plant specimens (gift)
United States Department of .\(;riculture. Forest Service, Madi- .son, Wisconsin: 266 wood specimens (exchange)
United States Department of .\(;riculture, Beltsviile, .Maryland: 10 pounds of Chilean wood (gift)
I'nited States National Herbar- ium, Washington, D.C.: reprints, 3 parts (exchange)
United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.: 2 plant specimens (gift)
Universidad del Cuzco, Cuzco, Peru: 19 plant specimens, 26 ears of corn (gift)
Whitehouse, Dr. Eula, Dallas, Texas: 74 specimens of algae (gift)
William Jewell College, Liberty, Mi.ssouri: 82 plant specimens (gift)
WiusoN. .\RCHIE F., Flo.ssmoor, Illi- nois: 10 plant specimens (gift: 12 wood specimens (exchange)
Wilton, Mrs. Henry G.. Arlington, Massachu.setts: 3 ears of corn (gift)
WiSNiEwsKY, Dr. a., Belem, Pari, Brazil: 4 plant specimens (exchange)
WoMERSLEY, Dr. H. B. S., Adelaide, Australia: 35 specimens of algae (gift)
Yale University. New Haven, Con- necticut: 28 plant specimens (gift)
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGV-.ACCESSIONS
American Museum of Natural History, New York: cast of Panto- lambda hathmodon — New Mexico (ex- change)
Bridwell. L. H., Forestburg. Texas: vertebrate jaw fragment — Texas (gift)
Chalmers Crystal Fund: 6 wither- ite crystals — Illinois (gift)
94
Chicago, University of, Chicago: 3 fossil reptile specimens — Texas (gift)
Chicago Natural History Museum :
Collected bv Dr. Robert H. Denison, William D. turnbull, and Priscilla F. Turnbull (Utah Paleontological Expedi- tion, 1950): 500 fossil-fish specimens — various localities
Collected by Celestini Kalinowski: 1 trilobite — Peru
Collected by George Langford (Wil- mington, Illinois, Paleobotanical Field Trips, 1950): 847 fossil-plant specimens, 41 fossil invertebrates — Will County, Illinois
Collected by George Langford and Eugene S. Richardson, Jr. (Tennessee Paleobotanical Field Trip, 1950): 1,463 fossil-plant specimens, 1 fossil insect — various localities
Collected by Bryan Patterson and Dr. Rainer Zangerl (Texas Paleonto- logical Expedition, 1950): collection of microfauna of fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals — Texas; 773 fossil in- vertebrates— Arkansas
Collected by Eugene S. Richardson, Jr. (Wyoming Invertebrate Paleonto- logical Field Trip, 1950): collection of invertebrate fossils and 15 fossil fish — South Dakota and Wyoming
Collected by Robert K. Wyant (Mis- sissippi Valley Geological Field Trip, 1950): 248 specimens of minerals, rocks, and ores — various localities
Collected by Dr. Rainer Zangerl (Ala- bama Paleontological Field Trip, 1950): 1 fossil turtle — Alabama; (Texas Pale- ontological Expedition, 1950): 459 in- vertebrate fossils — Texas
Purchases: 312-gram fragment of Keyes meteorite, 1,802 specimens of invertebrate fossils, collection of verte- brate fossils, 1 fossil jellyfish — various localities
Colombia, Consul of, Colombia: 123 metallic and nonmetallic ores, 17 lithology specimens — Colombia (gift)
Darling, M. L., Detroit: specimen of native copper — Michigan (gift)
Dartmouth College Museu.m, Hanover, New Hampshire: 7 fossil fish-
head shields, 15 casts of fossil fish — Estonia (exchange)
Davis, Morgan, Houston, Texas: gypsum crystals with sand inclusions — Texas (gift)
Feltwell, H. v., Altoona, Pennsyl- vania: fossil impression of part of trunk of giant club-moss — Penn.sylvania (gift)
Hard, Allen M., Tuscaloosa, Ala- bama, and Robert H. Hard, Flint, Michigan: fossil-turtle fragments — Ala- bama (gift)
Hutchinson, Joseph, Morena, Ari- zona: 11 pieces of agate — Arizona (gift)
Michigan, University of, Ann Arbor: collection of 73 invertebrate fossils — various localities (exchange)
Proell, Wayne, Chicago: rhinoceros skull— South Dakota (gift)
Rowley, Elmer B., Glen Falls, New York: 9 mineral specimens — various localities (exchange)
Saskatchewan Provincial Mu- seum, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada: Hyracodon jaw — Canada (gift)
Schmidt, Karl P., Homewood, Illi- nois: loess concretion — Germany (gift)
Sinclair, G. Winston, Ann Arbor, Michigan: Anaconularia anomala — Bo- hemia (gift)
Tennessee, University of, Knox- ville: plaster cast of four peripherals and partial plastron of Toxochelys iveeksi — Tennessee (gift)
Texas Memorial Museum, Austin: Trilophosaiirus skeleton — Texas (ex- change)
United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.: 7 meteorites — vari- ous localities (exchange)
Whitfield, Dr. and Mrs. R. H., AND Jon S. Whitfield, Evanston, Illi- nois: 950 fossil plant specimens, 1 fossil invertebrate — various localities (gift)
Wray, 0. R., Moranda, Quebec, Canada: specimen of dalmatianite — Canada (gift)
Zangerl, Dr. and Mrs. Rainer, Hazelcrest, Illinois: 1 miacid jaw — Utah (gift)
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY-ACCESSIONS
Abbott, R. Tucker, Washington, D.C.: collection of malacological pam- phlets (exchange)
Aboulafia, Leon R., Tel Aviv, Israel: 1 mammal, 10 reptiles — Israel
(gift)
95
Ai'oSTA Y Laka, Ki)t akim), Montt'- vidtH), Uruguav: 7 mammals Mrazil
(gift)
Ahams. Pim.l.lF' A., Bcrki'loy. Cali- fornia: ."JS insi'cts various loralitifs (ox- change)
AMKRirAV MlSEfM OF Natikai, HisToUV, Nfw York: 2 birds Argen- tina (exchange)
Amkrican Tki.ephonk am> Tki.k- CKAl'H CoMCANV, New York: 1 compU^to set of climbing o(|uipmont (gift '
AlRHnAcll, Pk. Stani.ev, Evanston, Illinois: 1(54 insects and thoir allies United States (gift)
Bknf„«;ii, BRRNARn. Sunbright, Ten- nessee: 310 insects Tennessee (gift)
Rkrc. Dr. Clifforp O., Delaware,
Ohio: 'J vials of insects Michigan (gift )
Berc.strom, David, Albucjuerciue, New Mexico: 81 lower invertebrates Tennessee (gift)
BoRRERo, J. I., Bogota, Colombia: 7 birds— Colombia (exchange)
Braiuurv. Marc.aret G., ami Phyllis A. Madden, Chicago: 2,^23 fishes — Illinois (gift)
Brodie, Laira, Chicago: 1 mammal skeleton, S9 fishes- South Carolina (gift)
Brodie, Latra, and Marc.aret G. Bradhlry, Chicago: 211 amphibians- South Carolina (gift)
BrcHEN, Walther, Chicago: 1 bird — Africa (gift)
BucHEN Fund, Walther: 132 mam- mals—Africa (gift)
California Academy of Sciences, San F^rancisco: 47 insects various localities (exchange)
Camras, Dr. Sidney, Chicago: 1,178 insects United States (gift)
Cardona, Captain F^elix, Caracas, Venezuela : 2 1 9 insects— Venezuela (gift i
Carpenter, Sisan M., Chicago: 1 annelid worm tube Florida (gift)
Chao. Hsil-Fi', Amherst, Massachu- setts: 1 insect paratype- China (gifti
Chicago, University of. Depart- ment of Zoology, Chicago: 1 amphib- ian— Illinois (gift)
Chicago Natural History Museum:
Collectefl by Dr. Francis Drouet and others (Gulf States Botanical Expedi- tion, 1948 49): 62 lower invertebrates- Florida
Collected by Henry S. Dybas and Kobert F. Inger (local field work): 136 in.sects Indiana
CoIlecte<l by Philip Hershkovitz (Co- loml)ia Zoological KxjM'dition, 1948- 51 ): '.19 rei)ti!es and amphibians, 284 in- .sects and their allies Colombia
Collectofl by Harry Hoogstraal and others (Philippines Z<)r)logical Expedi- tion, 194(5 47 1 : 10,715 in.sects and their alli«'s, 43 lots of lower invertebrates — Philippine Islands
Collected by Bryan Patterson (Texas Paleontological Expedition, 1950): 2 reptiles Texa.s
Collected by Clifiord H. Pope and Sarah Pope (Appalachian and Ouachita Mountains Zoological Field Trip, 1950i: 2(i4 reptiles and amphibian.s Oklahoma anrl Arkansas
Collected by D. S. Rabor (Philippine Islands field work i : 365 mammal skins and skulls, 41 mammals in alcohol, 1 mammal skull, 672 birds, 439 reptiles and amphibians Philippine Islands
Collectefl by Eugene S. Richard.son, Jr. (Wyoming Invertebrate Paleonto- logical F'ield Trip, 1950:: 30 lower in- vertebrates Wyoming
Collected by Colin C. Sanborn (Ar- kansas Zoological Field Trip, 1950): 24 mammals, 14 reptiles and amphibians, 21 lower invertebrates- Arkansas
Collected by Karl P. Schmidt (field work in Germany i: 17 mammals, 115 reptiles and amphibians Germany
Collected by Ia^ou L. Walters and Ronald J. Lambert (Gulf States Zoo- logical Field Trip, 1950): 54 reptiles and ami)hibians .southeastern United States
Collected by A. Rush Watkins, Colin C. Sanborn, and Frank C. Wonder (Rush Watkins Siam Zoological ExF>edi- tion, 1949): 138 reptiles and amphibians, 86 insects and their allies— Siam
Collected by Rupert L. Wenzel, Rodger D. Mitchell, and Luis de la Torre (Guatemala Zoological Expedi- tion, 1948): 2,636 insects and their allies— Guatemala
Collected by Loren P. Woods and familv (Florifia Kevs Fish-Collecting Trip, 1949-50): 711 marine fishes— F'lorida
Collected by I^ren P. Woods and Robert F. Inger (Field Work for Cave Fishes, 1950i: 17 mammals, 9 reptiles and amphibians, 638 fishes, 18 lots of lower invertebrates — United States
96
Collected by various Museum workers and volunteers (from animals brought in for Museum collection): 3,920 insects and their allies
Purchases: 489 mammal skins and skulls, 242 mammals in alcohol, 32 mammal skulls, 1 mammal skin and skeleton, 2 mammal skeletons, 16,193 bird skins, 1 set of bird eggs, 409 reptiles and amphibians, 299 fishes, 6,987 insects and their allies, 263 lots of lower invertebrates
Chicago Zoological Society, Brook- field, Illinois: 26 mammals, 39 birds, 2 bird eggs — various localities (gift)
Choate, Jerry, Big Spring, Texas: 1 reptile — Texas (gift)
Cleveland, Thomas C, Homewood, Illinois: 1 reptile — Illinois (gift)
COMPANHIA DE DiAMANTES DE AN- GOLA, Porto, Portugal: 100 mammals in alcohol — Angola (gift)
CoNOVER, BoARDMAN (deceased): 1 bird skeleton — Illinois (gift)
CONOVER, BOARDMAN, ESTATE OF,
Chicago: approximately 18,000 game birds — worldwide (gift)
Deraniyagala, Dr. P. E. P., Co- lombo, Ceylon: 2 reptiles — Ceylon (ex- change)
Doty, Mrs. Charlotte, Chicago: 1 fish, 550 lots of lower invertebrates — worldwide (gift)
Duckworth, N. H., Chicago: 1 rep- tile— Borneo (gift)
Dybas, Henry S., Hazelcrest, Illi- nois: 3,456 insects and their allies — various localities (gift)
EiGSTi, Wilbur E., Hastings, Ne- braska: 74 insects — Nebraska (gift)
Elias, Dr. Hans, Chicago: 5 fishes — Florida (gift)
English, Dr. (full name lacking), Miami, Florida: 1 mammal — Florida (gift)
Felton, Heinz, Frankfort-on-Main, Germany: 9 mammals — Germany (gift)
Figueroa, Mauro Cardenas, Mex- ico, D.F., 3 reptiles — Mexico (gift)
Fleming, Robert, Mussoorie, India: 133 insects and their allies — India (gift)
Flohr, Richard (address lacking): 1 fish— Florida (gift)
Friesser, Julius, Chicago: 1 mam- mal skull — Brazil (gift)
Frost, C. A., Framingham, Massa- chusetts: 1 insect — California (gift)
Gaerdes, F., Okahandja, South West Africa: 90 insects — South West Africa (gift)
Ganier, Dr. Albert F., Nashville, Tennessee: 1 mammal — Tennessee (ex- change)
Gerhard, William J., Chicago: 1 bird, 1,600 insects — United States (gift)
Goldman, Ronald, Chicago: 18 mammals — Missouri (gift)
GoLDSCHMiDT, Harvey M., Putnam Valley, New York: 93 reptiles and am- phibians— United States (gift)
Goodnight, Dr. and Mrs. Clarence J., Lafayette, Indiana: 84 insects and their allies, including 2 paratypes — Mexico (gift)
Gorges, A. J., Eagleton, Arkansas: 5 reptiles — Arkansas (gift)
Gosline, William A., University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, T.H.: 6 fishes — Hawaii (exchange)
Greeley, Frederick, Madison, Wis- consin: 9 mammals — Wisconsin (gift)
Greeman, O. W., Marion, Kentucky: 1 mammal — Kentucky (gift)
Hassler, William G., Nashville, Tennessee: 1 amphibian — tropical America (gift)
Henson, Daniel G., Jr., Eagleton, Arkansas: 1 reptile — Arkansas (gift)
Hildebrandt, R. E., Maywood, Illinois: 1 mammal skull — Florida (gift)
HoOGSTRAAL, Harry, Cairo, Egypt: 301 mammals, 481 birds, 377 amphib- ians and reptiles, 5,524 insects and their allies (including 271 paratypes), 1,278 prepared insect microscope slides, 12 lower invertebrates — Egypt (gift)
Hubbard, Dr. C. Andresen, Tigard, Oregon: 206 insects prepared on micro- scope slides (including 20 paratypes) — western United States (gift)
HuBBS, Dr. Clark, Austin, Texas: 95 fishes (including 55 paratypes) — tropical western Pacific (gift)
HuBRiCHT, Leslie, Danville, Vir- ginia: 2 amphibians — Virginia (gift)
Hunter, Colonel George W., Ill, Tokyo, Japan: 2 amphibians — Japan (gift)
Johnson, J. E., Waco, Texas: 22 reptiles — Texas (gift)
Kirby-Smith, Dr. Henry, Sewanee, Tennessee: 7 fishes — Tennessee (gift)
KoBAYASHi, K., Kobe, Japan: 43 birds — Japan (exchange)
97
Kix I!, Kaki. Ll'invic. Frankfort-oti- Maiii, (M-rmuny: 1 Mnl (M-rmany (gift)
Kkaiss, N. I., n.. Unnoliilu. Hawaii. T.H.: 1- rt'pliles various Im-alitit's (Rift
Kins, Mkki.kL.. I.afayt'ttc. Indiana: 50 mammals Mexico (cxchanK"' : 1 mammal skull Mexico (gift)
KriUKSS. LlKlTKNANT JoHN, Pensa- i-ola. Floritla: 1 l)ir(l. l reptiles various localities (gift)
Lamukut. ItoNAi.i) .1.. I^ensonvillc, Illinois: 1 bin! Wisconsin (gift)
LEKAC.n,. I>K. HOONSANG, Bangkok, Siam: 1 pair of mammal horns Siam (exchange)
Lewis, Lieutenant Thomas H., Las Cruces, New Mexico: 2 reptiles- Mexico (gift)
Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago: 14 mammals, 1 bird various localities (gift)
Little, Lither, San Marino, Cali- fornia: 4 mammals Arizona (gift)
LoNC, Lewis K., Washington, D.C: 4 reptiles and amphibians Nicaragua (gift)
LowRiE, Dr. Donalp C, Moscow, Idaho: 3 reptiles, 400 insect allies — United States (gift)
Main, A. R., Nedlands, Australia: 1 reptile Australia (gift)
Maria, Brother Niceforo, Laba- teca, Colombia: 1 bird Colombia (gift)
MiNTON, Dr. Sherman A., Jr., In- dianapolis: 9 amphibians Indiana (gift)
Mitchell, Rodcer D., Wayne, Illi- nois: 14 lots of lower invertebrates — United States (gift)
MiNiciPAL Aqlarum, Key We.st. Florida: 1 fi.sh- Florida (gift)
MuRrHY, Walter P. (deceased): 6 birds— various localities (gift)
MCSECM OK COMTARATIVE ZoOLOCY, Cambridge, Massachusetts: 1 reptile, 2 amphibian paratypes, S insects, 105 lots of lower invertebrates various localities (exchange)
Museum of Natural History, Urbana, Illinois: 2 mammals Illinois (exchange)
Nelson, Harry, Chicago: 80 insects — various localities (gift)
New York Zoolocmcal Society, New York: 1 bird Belgian Congo (gift)
Ohlendorf, Dr. William C, Park liidge, Illinois: 257 birds North America (gift i
Ortiz de la Puente, Javier. Lima, Peru: 1 reptile and 1 amphibian Kcua- dor (gift)
Pacific Science Board, Washington, D.C.: .s9 in.sects Micronesia (gifti
Park, Dr. Orlando, Evanston, Illi- nois: 311 fishes Indiana (gift)
Parkman, Macy, Mt. Sterling, Illi- nois: 1 bird Illinois (gift i
Parodiz, Juan Jose, Washington, D.C: 46 lower invertebrates Mis- souri (gift)
Patterson, Bryan, and Alan Pat- TEliSoN, Park Forest, Illinois: 500 in- sects and their allies Florida (ex- change); 40 in.sects Illinois (gift)
Pearody Museum, Cambridge, Mas- .sachu.setts: .s6 fi.shes, 10 lots of lower invertebrates— southwest A.sia (gift)
Pena, Colonel Luis E., Santiago, Chile: 1 fish, 2 in.sect paratypes— Bolivia and Chile (gift)
Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey: 112 reptiles and amphib- ians Argentina (gift)
Rana, General Rudra Shamsher JuNc. Bahadur, Comander-in-Chief, Camp Butwal, We.st Nepal:-! Hima- layan bearskin rug Nepal (gift)
Ray, Eu(;ene. Chicago: 41 insects (including 1 paratype) —various locali- ties (gift)
Reed. Dr. Charles A., Chicago: 142 salamanders Arizona (gift)
Remington, Dr. Charles L., New Haven, Connecticut: 379 insects- Philippine Islands (gift)
Reynolds, Charles, and Leroy Williams, Eagleton, Arkan.sas: 1 rep- tile Arkan.sas (gift)
Richardson, Dr. Maurice L., Lan- sing. Michigan: 26 lower invertebrates - California (gift)
Romer, J. D., Hong Kong, China: 7 amphibians Hong Kong, China (gift)
Ross. Lillian A.. Chicago: 2 reptiles and 1 amphibian. 126 insects and their allies, 6 lower invertebrates — Cuba and United States (gift)
98
Russell, Richard, Belleville, Illi- nois: 14 lower invertebrates — Illinois (gift)
Sanborn, Colin C, Highland Park, Illinois: 1 bird — Illinois (gift)
Sanderson, Ivan T. (address lack- ing): 1 fish — Yucatan (gift)
SCHLESCH, Dr. Hans, Copenhagen, Denmark: 10 lower invertebrates — various localities (gift)
Schmidt, Karl P., Homewood, Illi- nois: 9 lots of lower invertebrates — Germany (gift)
ScHWENGEL, Dr. Jeanne S., Green- wich, Connecticut: 191 lower inverte- brates (including 2 paratypes) — various localities (gift)
Scott de Biraben, Dr. M. I. HvLTON, La Plata, Argentina: 431 lower invertebrates (including 6 paratypes) — Argentina (exchange)
Seevers, Dr. Charles H., Home- wood, Illinois: 137 insects — North America (gift)
Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort- on-Main, Germany: 7 reptiles — Aus- tralia and Madagascar (exchange)
Shedd Aquarium, John G., Chicago: 92 fishes — worldwide (gift)
Shirk, Joseph H., Peru, Indiana: 3 mammal skulls — Arizona (gift)
Shoemaker, Dr. Hurst: Champaign, Illinois: 1 lower invertebrate — Gulf of Mexico (gift)
SiGiSMUND OF Prussia, Princess, Barranca, Costa Rica: 8 mammals, 6 reptiles, 10 insects and their allies — Costa Rica (gift)
SiOLi, Dr. Harald, Belem, Brazil: 217 lower invertebrates — Brazil (gift)
Smith, Professor Clarence R., Aurora, Illinois: 1 reptile — Illinois (gift)
Spencer, Mrs. Howard C, Vernon, New Jersey: 4 reptiles — New Jersey (gift)
Steiner, John, Chicago: 3 insects — Chicago (gift)
Steyermark, Dr. Julian A., Bar- rington, Illinois: 1 mammal, 2 amphib- ians— Missouri (gift)
Stickel, Dr. William H., Laurel, Maryland: 216 amphibians (including 1 type and 2 paratypes) — Philippine Is- lands (gift)
Stoddard, Herbert, Sr., Thomas- ville, Georgia: 2 birds — Georgia (gift)
Strassen, Richard zur, Kronberg, Germanv: 1 insect paratype — Germany (gift)
Tarrant, Ross, Walworth, Wiscon- sin: 2 reptiles, 8 fishes, 1 pair of shark jaws — Florida and Wisconsin (gift)
Tashian, Richard E., Lafayette, Indiana: 83 birds — Mexico (gift)
Thompson, Robert T., Cavecreek, Arizona: 2 insects — Arizona (gift)
Thurow, Gordon, Chicago: 15 rep- tiles and amphibians — Indiana and Bermuda (gift)
TosCHi, Dr. Augusto, Bologna, Italy: 9 mammals — Italy (exchange)
Traub, Major Robert, Washington, D.C. : 28 mammals, 69 insects (including 10 paratypes, 15 holotypes, and 15 allo- types)— various localities (gift)
Traylor, Nancy, Winnetka, Illi- nois: 1 bird — Illinois (gift)
United States National Museum, Washington, D.C: 55 insects — various localities (exchange)
United States Navy Medical Re- search Unit No. 3, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan: 362 mammals, 25 fishes — Anglo- Egyptian Sudan (gift)
VAN der Schalie, Dr. Henry, Ann Arbor, Michigan: 40 lots of lower in- vertebrates— United States (gift)
Vaz, Dr. Eduardo, Sao Paulo, Brazil: 13 snake skulls, 7 snake skins — South America (gift)
Ward, Ronald, Chicago: 103 insects — United States (gift)
Webb, Walter F., St. Petersburg, Florida: 2 lower invertebrates — Peru (gift)
Wentworth, Colonel Edward N., Chicago: 2 mammal skulls — domestic (gift)
Whitfield, Yvette, Laredo, Texas: 10 insects — Texas (gift)
Wirdham, Bert, Eagleton, Arkansas: 1 reptile — Arkansas (gift)
Woodcock, H. E., Chicago: 4 insects — Nova Scotia and New Brunswick (gift)
Woods, Loren P., Jr., Richton Park, Illinois: 5 fishes — Indiana (gift)
Wyatt, Alex K., Chicago: 17 insects — Illinois and Indiana (gift)
ZiEMER, August, Chicago: 143 in- sects and their allies — Illinois and Wis- consin (gift)
99
JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION-ACCESSIONS
ChkacoNatiral History Miseim: Made by Museum Photograohpr: 16 2x2 natural-color (orijfinah slides
CiRiKR. Mrs. SrsiE I., Estate of, Maywood, Illinois: 52 books and pul>- lications, 19'J ethnological specimens, U'J pieces of jewelry (gift)
Lambert, Ronai.d J.. Bensonville, Illinois: 3 UxJ natural-color original) slides (gift )
Millar. John R., Chicago: 3 2x2
natural-ri)Ior (duplicate slides (gift)
DIVISION OF PHOTOGRAPHY-ACCESSIONS
ChkagoNatiralHistoRY MlSKlM: positives, 501 enlargements, 94 lantern Made by Division of Photography: slides, 2 kodacromes, 6 transparencies 12,960 prints, 1,127 negatives, 1,410
DI\ ISION OF MOTION PICTURES-ACCESSIONS
Baker-Hint Foindation, Inc., Hallock, Norman R., La Grange, Covington, Kentucky: 2,000 feet of Illinois: 1,100 feet of color film f pur- black-and-white 35mm sound film (gift) chase) Chicago Natural History MisEfM: Hilfiker, Earl, Rochester, New Made by Division of Motion Pictures: York: 400 feet of color film (purchase) 1,500 feet of color sound-film
LIBRARY ACCESSIONS-LIST OF DONORS: INSTITUTIONS
Academie des Sciences, Paris
American Anthropological Association, Andover, Mas.sachusetts
Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago Camp Fire Girls, Inc., New York
MajTjyama and Company, Tokyo, Japan
Pakistan Embassy, Washington, D.C.
Republic of Colombia, Bogota, Co- lombia Rush Medical College, Chicago
LIBRARY ACCESSIONS-LIST OF DONORS: INDIXIDUALS
Alvarez, Dr. Walter C, Mayo Clinic, Field. Dr. Henry, Washington, D.C. Rochester, Minnesota
Beecher, William J., Chicago
Day, Mary Bostwick, Chicago Denison. Dr. Robert H., Chicago
Eggan, Dr. Frederick, University of Chicago, Chicago
100
Gregg, Colonel Clifford C, Valparaiso, Indiana
Grier, Mrs. Su.^e I., Estate of. May- wood, Illinois
Haas, Dr. Fritz, Chicago
Langford, George, Chicago
Myrland, Arthur L., Chicago Schmidt, Karl P., Homewood, lUinois
Souza-Novelo, Dr. Narciso, Merida,
Ohlendorf, Dr. WilHam C, Park Ridge, ^ Yucatan Mexico
jllinois Standley, Paul C, Chicago
„ ^ „,. ^, Tristan, Jose M., Rochester, New York Richardson, Eugene S., Jr., Winnetka,
Illinois Walpole, Stewart J., Mount Dora,
Richardson, Dr. Maurice L., Lansing, Florida
Michigan Wardwell, William, Chicago
Ross, Lillian A., Chicago Wyatt, Alex K., Chicago
101
Conrrihutions .ind Requests
rontrihutions and bequests to Chicapo Xatural History Museum may l)e made in securities, money, books, or collections. They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to a person or cause, to be namefl by the giver. For those desirous of making bequests to the Museum, the following form is suggested:
FORM OF BEQUEST
I do hereby give and bequeath to Chicago Xatural History Museum of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois:
Cash contributions made within the taxable year to Chicago Natural flistory Museum to an amount not in excess of 15 per cent of the taxpayer's net income are aUouable as deductions in coynputinrj net income for federal income tax.
lo:
MEMBERS OF THE MUSEUM
FOUNDER
Marshall Field*
Those who
Ayer, Edward E.*
Buckingham, Miss Kate S.*
Conover, Boardman* Crane, Cornelius Crane, R. T., Jr.*
Field, Joseph N.* Field, Marshall Field, Stanley
* Deceased
BENEFACTORS
have contributed $100,000 or more to the Museum
Graham, Ernest R.*
Harris, Albert W. Harris, Norman W.* Higinbotham, Harlow N."
Kelley, William V.*
Pullman, George M.*
Rawson, Frederick H.* Raymond, Mrs. Anna Louise*
Raymond, James Nelson* Ryerson, Martin A.* Ryerson, Mrs. Martin A.*
Simpson, James* Smith, Mrs. Frances
Gaylord* Smith, George T.* Sturges, Mrs. Mary D.* Suarez, Mrs. Diego
HONORARY MEMBERS
Those who have rendered eminent service to Science
Cutting, C. Suydam
Field, Marshall Field, Stanley
Harris, Albert W.
Ludwig, H. R. H. Gustaf Adolf, Crown Prince of Sweden
Sargent, Homer E. Suarez, Mrs. Diego
Vernay, Arthur S.
PATRONS
Those who have rendered eminent service to the Museum
Calderini, Charles J. Chadbourne, Mrs. Emily
Crane Chancellor, Philip M. Collins, Alfred M. Cutting, C. Suydam
Day, Lee Garnett
Ellsworth, Duncan S. Field, Mrs. Stanley Hancock, G. Allan Judson, Clay Knight, Charles R.
Deceased, 1950 Conover, Boardman
Moore, Mrs. William H.
Sargent, Homer E. Suarez, Mrs. Diego
Vernay, Arthur S.
White, Harold A.
103
CORRESPONDING Ml-MBERS
Scieiitisls or patrons of science, residing in foreign countries, who hare rendered
eminent service to the Museum
Brcuil, AbW Henri
Horhroutinor, Hr. H. r GeorRos
Hiimhcrt, IVofessor Henri
Keissler, Or. Karl
Koith, Professor Sir Arthur
I>e6n, Brother (Sauget y Barbier, Joseph S.)
CONTRIBUTORS
Those who have contributed $1,000 to $100,000 to the Museum in money or materials
$75,000 to $100,000 Chancellor, Philip M.
$50,000 to $75,000
Keep, Chauncey*
Remmer, Oscar E.* Rosenwald, Mrs. Augusta N.*
$25,000 to $50,000
Adams, Mrs. Edith Almy*
Blackstone, Mrs. Timothy B.*
Chalmers, Mrs. Joan A.* Coats, John* Crane, Charles R.* Crane, Mrs. R. T., Jr.*
Field, Mrs. Stanley
Jones, Arthur B.*
Murphy. Walter P.*
Porter, George F.*
Ro.senwald, Julius*
Vernay, Arthur S.
White, Harold A.
$10,000 to $25,000
Adams, Jo-seph* Armour, Alli.son V.* Armour, P. D.'
Babcock, Mrs. Abby K.* Barnes, R. Magoon*
* Deceased
104
Bartlett, Mi.ss F'lorence Dihell
Chadbourne, Mrs. Emily
Crane Chalmers, William J.* Cummings, R. F.* Cutting, C. Suydam
Everard, R. T.'
Gunsaulus, Dr. F. W.*
Insull, Samuel*
Laufer, Dr. Berthold* Lufkin, Wallace W.*
Mandel, Leon McCormick, Cyrus
(P^state) McCormick, Stanley Mitchell, John J.*
Reese, Lewis* Richards, Elmer J. Robb, Mrs. George W.* Rockefeller Foundation, The
Sargent, Homer E. Schweppe, Mrs.
Charles H.* Straus, Mrs. Oscar S.* Strong. Walter A.*
Wrigley, William, Jr.*
$5,000 to $10,000
.\dams, George E.* .\dams. Mihvard* American Friends of
China Avery, Sewell L.
Bartlett, A. C*
Bishop, Heber (Estate) Borland, Mrs. John Jay*
Crane. R. T.* Cuatrecasas, Dr. Jo.s^
Doane, J. W.*
Field, Dr. Henrv Fuller, William A.*
Graves, George Coe, II*
Harris, Hayden B. Harris, Norman Dwight Harris, Mrs. Norman W.* Haskell. Frederick T.* Hutchinson, C. L.*
Keith, Ed.son*
Langtry, J. C.
Maclean, Mrs. M. Haddon* Moore, Mrs. William H.
Payne, John Barton* Pearsons, D. K.* Perrv, Stuart H. Porter, H. H.*
Ream, Norman B.* Revell, Alexander H.* Richards, Donald Riley, Mrs. Charles V.*
Salie. Prince M. U. M. Sprague. \. A.* Storev. William Ben.son* Strawn. Silas H.* Street, William S.
Thorne. Bruce Tree, Lambert*
Valentine, Louis L.*
Watkins, Rush Wetten, Albert H.
CONTRIBUTORS (Continued)
$1,000 to $5,000
Acosta Soils, Dr. M. Avery, Miss Clara A.* Ayer, Mrs. Edward E.*
Barr, Mrs. Roy Evan Barrett, Samuel E.* Bensabott, R., Inc. Bishop, Dr. Louis B.* Blair, Watson F.* Blaschke, Stanley
Field Block, Mrs. Helen M.* Borden, John Brown, Charles Edward* Buchen, Walther
Cahn, Dr. Alvin R. Chicago Zoological
Society, The Coburn, Mrs. Annie S.* Crocker, Templeton Cummings, Mrs.
Robert F.*
Desloge, Joseph Doering, O. C. Dybas, Henry S.
Eitel, Emil*
Fish, Mrs. Frederick S.*
Graves, Henry, Jr. Grier, Mrs. Susie I.* Gunsaulus, Miss Helen Gurley, William F. E.*
Herz, Arthur Wolf* Hibbard, W. G.*
* Deceased
Higginson, Mrs.
Charles M.* Hill, James J.* Hinde, Thomas W. Hixon, Frank P.* Hoffman, Miss Malvina Hoogstraal, Harry Howe, Charles Albee Hughes, Thomas S.*
Jackson, Huntington W.* James, F. G. James, S. L.
Knickerbocker,
Charles K.* Kraft, James L.
Langford, George Lee Ling Yiin Lerner, Michael Look, Alfred A.
MacLean, Haddon H. Mandel, Fred L., Jr. Manierre, George* Marshall, Dr. Ruth Martin, Alfred T.* McCormick, Cyrus H.* McCormick, Mrs. Cyrus* Mitchell, Clarence B. Moyer, John W.
Nash, Mrs. L. Byron Nichols, Henry W.*
Ogden, Mrs. Frances E.* Ohlendorf, Dr. William Clarence
Osgood, Dr. Wilfred H.*
Palmer, Potter* Patten, Henry J.* Prentice, Mrs. Clarence C.
Rauchfuss, Charles F.* Raymond, Charles E.* Reynolds, Earle H.* Richardson, Dr.
Maurice L. Ross, Miss Lillian A. Rumely, William N.*
Schapiro, Dr. Louis* Schmidt, Karl P. Schwab, Martin C* Schweppe, Charles H.* Shaw, William W. Sherff, Dr. Earl E. Smith, Bryon L.* Sprague, Albert A.* Steyermark, Dr. Julian A.
Thompson, E. H.* Thorne, Mrs. Louise E. Traylor, Melvin A., Jr.
VanValzah, Dr. Robert VonFrantzius, Fritz*
Wheeler, Leslie* Whitfield, Dr. R. H. Willems, Dr. J. Daniel Willis, L. M.* Wolcott, Albert B.*
Zangerl, Dr. Rainer
CORPORATE MEMBERS
Armour, Lester Avery, Sewell L.
Blair, Wm. McCormick Block, Leopold E. Borden, John
Calderini, Charles J. Chadbourne, Mrs. Emily
Crane Chancellor, Philip M. Collins, Alfred M. Cummings, Walter J. Cutting, C. Suydam
Day, Lee Garnett Dick, Albert B., Jr.
Ellsworth, Duncan S.
Fenton, Howard W. Field, Joseph N. Field, Marshall Field, Marshall, Jr. Field, Stanley Field, Mrs. Stanley
Hancock, G. Allan Harris, Albert W.
Insull, Samuel, Jr. Isham, Henry P.
Judson, Clay
Deceased, 1950 Conover, Boardman
Knight, Charles R.
McBain, Hughston M. Mitchell, William H. Moore, Mrs. William H.
Randall, Clarence B. Richardson, George A.
Sargent, Homer E. Smith, Solomon A. Suarez, Mrs. Diego
Vernay, Arthur S.
Wetten, Albert H. White, Harold A. Wilson, John P.
105
LIFE MEMBERS
Those who hare cotttribuled $500 to the Mn»enm
Adler. Max Allerton, Robort H. Armour, A. Watson Armour, Lostor Armour, Mrs. Ogden Ascoli, Mrs. Max Avery, SowplI I..
Hahson, HtMiry H. Haron, Kdward
Kic'hardson, Jr. Hanks, Aloxandor F. Barn hart. Miss
Gracia M. F. Barr, Mrs. Rov Evan Barrett, Mrs. A. D. Barrett, Robert L. Bart let t. Miss Florence
Dibell Baur, Mrs. Jacob Bonsabott, R. BerminKham, Kdward J. Blaine, Mrs. Emmons Block, Leopold E. Borden, John Borland, Chauncey B. Bra.s.sert, Herman A. Brew.ster, Walter S. Browne, .\ldis J. Buchanan, D. W. Budd. Britton I. Burnham, John Burt, William G. Butler, Julius W. Butler, Rush C.
Carpenter, Augustus .\. Carpenter, Mrs. John
Alden Carr, George R. Carr, Walter S. Casalis, Mrs. Maurice Chat field-Taylor, Wayne Clegg, Mrs. William G. Connor, Ronnoc Hill Cook, Mrs. Daphne
Field Corley, F. D. Cramer, Corwith Crossett, Edward C. Cro.ssley, Lady Jo.sephine Crossley, Sir Kenneth Cudahy, ?>lward \. Cummings, Walter J. Cunningham, James I). Cushing, Charles G.
Dahl, F>rnest A. Dawes, Charles G. Dawes, Henry M.
Delano, Frederic A. Dick, Albert B.. Jr. I)iers.sen, Fer<iinand W. Donnelley, Thomas E. Doyle, Edwarfi J. Drake, John B.
Edmunds, Philip S. Ely, Mrs. C. Morse Epstein, Max Pawing, Charles Hull
Farr, Newton Camp Farr, Mi.ss Shirley Fay, C. N. Fenton, Howard W. Fentre.ss, Calvin Fernald, Charles Field, Joseph N. F'ield, NLirshall Field. Marshall, Jr. Field, Norman Field, Mrs. Norman Field, Stanley Field, Mrs. Stanley
Gardner, Robert A. Gilbert, Huntly H. Gowing, J. Parker
Hamill, Alfred E. Harris, .\lbert W. _ Harris, Norman W. Hayes, William F. Hecht, Frank A. Hommens, Mrs.
Walter P. Hihbard, ?>ank Hickox, Mrs. Charles V Hinde, Thomas W. Hopkins, L. J. Horowitz, L. J. Hoyt, N. Landon Hutchins, James C.
Insull, Samuel, Jr.
Jarnagin. William N. Jelke, John F. Joiner, Theodore E. Jones, Mi.ss Gwethalyn
Kelley. Ru.s.sell P.
King, James G.
Kirk, Walter Radcliffe
Ladd, John I>ehmann, E. J. Leonard, Clifford NL Levy, Mrs. David ^L
Linn, Mrs. Dorothy C. Logan, Spencer H.
NLicDowell, Charles H. .MacIxMsh, John E. .MacXCagh, Fames .Madlcner. Mrs. Albert F. Mason, William S. McBain, Hughston M. .Mclnnerney, Thomas H. McKinlay, John Meyer, Carl Mevne, Gerhardt F. Mitchell, William H. .Morse, Charles H. .Morton, .Mark .Munroe, Charles A. Myrland, Arthur L.
Ormsbv, Dr. Oliver S. Orr, Robert .\L
Paesch, Charles A. Palmer, Honor^ Pick, Albert Prentice, Mrs. Clarence C.
Rodman, Mrs. Katherine
Field Rodman, Thomas
Clifford Ro.senwald, William Rubloff, .Arthur Ryerson, Edward L., Jr.
Seabury, Charles W. Shirk, Jo.seph H. Smith, Alexander Smith, Solomon .\. Spalding, Keith Sprague, Mrs. Albert A. Stuart, Harry L. Stuart, John Stuart, R. Douglas St urges, George Swift, Harold H.
Thome, Robert J. Tree, Ronald L. F. Tyson, Russell
Uihiein, Edgar J.
Veatch, George L.
Walker, Dr. James W. Wanner, Harrv C. Ward. P. C. Welch, -Mrs. Edwin P. Welling, John P. Whitney, Mrs. Julia L.
106
LIFE MEMBERS (Continued)
Wickwire, Mrs.
Edward L. Wieboldt, William A.
Conover, Boardman Dixon, Homer L.
Willard, Alonzo J. Wilson, John P. Wilson, Thomas E.
Deceased, 1950 Glore, Charles F. Kidston, William H.
Winston, Garrard B. WooUey, Clarence M. Wrigley, Philip K.
Newell, A. B. Willits, Ward W.
NON-RESIDENT LIFE MEMBERS
Those, residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, who have contributed $100 to the Museum
Andrew, Edward Coolidge, Harold J. Dulany, George W., Jr. Gregg, John Wyatt Hearne, Knox
Holloman, Mrs. Delmar W.
Johnson, Herbert F., Jr.
Maxwell, Gilbert S.
Osgood, Mrs. Cornelius
Richardson, Dr. Maurice L.
Deceased, 1950 Bennett, Mrs. Irene Stark
Rosenwald, Lessing J.
Sardeson, Orville A. Stephens, W. C. Stern, Mrs. Edgar B.
Vernay, Arthur S.
Zerk, Oscar U.
ASSOCIATE MEMBERS
Those who have contributed $100 to the Museum
Aaron, Charles Aaron, Ely M. Abbott, Donald
Putnam, Jr. Abbott, Gordon C. Abbott, William L. Abeles, Mrs. Jerome G. Abrahamsen, Miss Cora Abrams, Duff A. Ackerman, Charles N. Adamick, Gustave H. Adams, Mrs. Charles S. Adams, Mrs. Frances
Sprogle Adams, Miss Jane Adams, John Q. Adams, Mrs. S. H. Adams, Mrs. Samuel Adams, William C. Adamson, Henry T. Adler, Mrs. Max Ahlschlager, Walter W.
Alberts, Mrs. M. Lee Alden, William T. Aldis, Graham Alexander, Mrs.
Arline V. Alexander, Edward Alexander, William H. Allbright, John G. Allen, Mrs. Grace G. Allensworth, A. P. AlHn, J. J.
Allison, Mrs. William M. Alsip, Mrs. Charles H. Alter, Harry Alton, Carol W. Ames, Rev. Edward S. Anderson, Mrs. A. W. Anderson, Mrs. Alma K. Anderson, Miss Florence
Regina Andrews, Mrs. E. C.
Andrews, Milton H. Angelopoulos, Archie Anstiss, George P. Antrim, E. M. Appelt, Mrs. Jessie E. Appleton, John Albert Armbrust, John T. Armour, A. Watson, III Armour, Laurance H. Armour, Philip D. Armstrong, Mrs. Julian Armstrong, Kenneth E. Arn, W. G. Arnold, Mrs. Lloyd Artingstall, Samuel G. Ascher, Fred Ashenhurst, Harold S. Asher, Norman Atwood, Philip T. Aurelius, Mrs. Marcus A. Avery, George J. Ayres, Robert B.
107
ASSoriATK M KM hi: US (Conlinued)
Babson, Mrs. Ciustavus Hachnu'vtT, Dr.
Arthur C. Hark, Mi.s.s Maude F. Bacon, Dr. Alfon.s R. BadRfr, Shn-ve Cowlcs Baer, havid K. Baer, Mervin K. Baor. Walter S. HaK^y, John C. Hav;j;aIt'V, William Hlair Hair. W". I'. Hainl, Harrv K. Haker, Mrs. Alfred L. Baker. G. W. Baker, Greeley Baldwin, Vincent Curti.s Bal^emann, Otto W. Balkin, Louis Ball, Dr. Fred E. Ballard, Mrs. Foster K. BallenRer, A. G. Baltis, Walter S. Banes, W. C. Bannister, Miss Ruth D. Bantsolas, John \. Barber, Phil C. BarRiiuist, Miss
Lillian D. Barkhausen, L. 11. Barnard, Harrison B. Barnes, Cecil Barnes, Mrs. Charles
Osborne Barnes, Harold O. Barnett, Claude .A. Barnhart, Mrs. A. M. Barnuni, Harrv H. Barr, Mrs. Alfred H. Barr, GeorRe Barrett, Mrs. Arthur M. Barrett, Mrs. Harold G. Barthell, Gary Bartholomae, Mrs.
Emma Bartholomay, F. H. Bartholomay, Henry Bartholomay, Mrs.
William, Jr. Bartlett, P'rederic C. Barton, Mrs. p]nos NL Basile, William B. Basta, George A. Bastian, Charles L. Bastien, A. E. Bates, Mrs. A. M. Bates, George A. Bates, Joseph A. Battey, Paul L. Baum, Mrs. James E. Baum, Wilhelm Baumann, Harry P.
Hausch, \\ iiliam ('. Beach, -Miss Be.ss K. Beach, K. Chandler H.'achy, .Mrs. Walter F. Heatty, John T. Heck, .MexandtT Becker, Benjamin \'. Becker, Frederick (L Becker, Herman T. Becker, James H. Becker, Louis Becker, Louis L. Beckler, R. \\. Beckman, X'ictor A. Beckman, Mrs. Victor A. Beckman, William H. Beddoes, Hul)ert Behr, Mrs. Edith Beidler, P^rancis, II Belden, Jo.seph C, Jr. Bell, Mrs. Laird Benjamin, Jack A. Benner, Harry Bennett, Bertram W. Bennett, S. A. Bennett, Prof.
J. Gardner Benson, John Benson, Mrs.
Thaddeus R. Bent, John P. Bentley, Mrs. Cyrus Berend, George F. Berkely, Dr. J. G. Berkson, Mrs. Maurice Bernstein, Philip Berry, V. D. I^ersbach, Elmer S. Bertol, Miss Aurelia Hertschinger, Dr. C. F. Besly, Mrs. C. H. Bettman, Dr. Ralph B. Bichl, Thomas A. Hidflle, Robert C. Biehn, Dr. J. F. Bigelow, Mrs. Ann Biggers, Bryan B. Biggs, NIrs. Joseph H. Bigler, Mrs. Albert J. Bigler, Dr. John A. Billow, Miss \'irginia Bird, Miss F'rances Birk, .Miss Amelia Birk, PVank J. Bishop, Howard P. Bishop, Miss Martha \'. Bittel, Mrs. Frank J. Bixby, Edward Randall Blackburn, Oliver A. Blair, Mrs. M. Barbour Blair, Wm. McCormick Blair, Wolcott
Blatchford, Dr. Frank
Wicks Blecker, Mrs.
Michael, Jr. Ble.>vsing, Dr. Robert Block, Josr-ph L. Block, I>eigh B. Block, Mrs. Ix>igh B. Block, Philip !).. Jr. Blo.ss, Mrs. Sidnev M. Bluford, Mrs. David Hlum, Harrv H. Blunt, J. E.". Jr. Bluthardt, Edwin Boal, Ay res Boal, Stewart Boericke, Mrs. Anna Boettcher, .Arthur H. Boha.s.seck, Charles Bohrer, Randolph Bolotin, Hvman Bolten, Paul H. Bonfly, Bert hold Boomer, Dr. Paul C. Boone, Arthur Booth, George E. Borg, George W. Bori, -Mrs. Albert V. Borland, Mrs. Bruce Horowitz, David Borwell, Robert C. Bosch, Charles Bosch, Mrs. Henry Bosworth, .Mrs.
Roland I. Botts, Graeme G. Boulton, Mrs. Rudyerd Bousa, Dr. Bohuslav Bowen, Mrs. Louise
DeKoven Bowers, Ralph E. Bowman, Mrs. E. M. Bowman, Johnston A. Boyack, Harry Boyd, Mrs. T. Kenneth Boynton, A. J. Bovnton, Frederick P. Brach. Mrs. F. V. Bradley, Mrs. A. Ballard Bradley, Mrs. Natalie
Blair Higinbotham Brainerd, Mrs. Arthur T. Bramble, Delhi G. C. Brandt, Charles H. Bransfield, John J. Brauer, Mrs. Paul Bremner, Mrs. David F. Brendecke, Miss June Brenner, S. L. Brennom, Dr. Elmo F. Brennwasser, S. M. Brenza, Mi.ss Mary
108
ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued)
Brewer, Mrs. Angeline L. Breyer, Mrs. Theodor Bridges, Arnold Bristol, James T. Brock, A. J. Brodribb, Lawrence C. Brodsky, J. J. Brostoff, Harry M. Brown, A. Wilder Brown, Mrs. C. H. Brown, Christy Brown, David S. Brown, Mrs. Everett C. Brown, John T. Brown, Dr. Joshua M. BrowTi, Mark A. Brown, Scott Brown, William F. Brucker, Dr. Edward A. Bruckner, William T. Brugman, John J. Bruhn, H. C. Brundage, Avery Brunswick, Larry Buchner, Dr. E. M. Buck, Nelson Leroy Buckley, Mrs. Warren Bucklin, Mrs. Vail R. Buddig, Carl Buehler, H. L. Buettner, Walter J. Buffington, Mrs.
Margaret A. Buhmann, Gilbert G. Bunge, Mrs. Albert J. Bunte, Mrs. Theodore W. Burbott, E. W. Burch, Clayton B. Burchmore, John S. Burdick, Mrs. Alfred S. Burgstreser, Newton Burgweger, Mrs. Meta
Dewes Burke, Webster H. Burley, Mrs. Clarence A. Burnham, Mrs. George Burns, Mrs. Randall W. Burry, William Bush, Earl J. Bush, Mrs. William H. Butler, Mrs. Hermon B. Butler, John M. Butler, Paul Butz, Theodore C. Butzow, Mrs. Robert C. Byrne, Miss Margaret H.
Cahn, Dr. Alvin R. Cahn, Bertram J. Cahn, Morton D. Caine, John F. Caine, Leon J.
Callender, Mrs.
Joseph E. Calmeyn, Frank B. Camenisch, Miss
Sophia C. Cameron, Dr. Dan U. Cameron, Will J. Camp, Mrs. Arthur
Royce Campbell, Delwin M. Campbell, Herbert J. Canby, Caleb H., Jr. Canman, Richard W. Canmann, Mrs. Harry L. Capes, Lawrence R. Capps, Dr. Joseph A. Cardelli, Mrs. Giovanni Carlin, Leo J. Carmell, Daniel D. Carney, William Roy Caron, O. J. Carpenter, Mrs.
Frederic Ives, Sr. Carpenter, Hubbard Carqueville, Mrs. A. R. Carr, Mrs. Clyde M. Carr, Robert A. Carroll, John A. Carry, Joseph C. Carter, Mrs. ArmisteadB. Carton, Alfred T. Carton, Laurence A. Gary, Dr. Eugene Castle, Alfred C. Castruccio, Giuseppe Gates, Dudley Cedar, Merwyn E. Cederlund, R. Stanley Cerling, Fredolph A. Cernoch, Frank Chandler, Henry P. Chapin, William Arthur Chapman, Arthur E. Chatain, Robert N. Cheney, Dr. Henry W. Chenier, Miss Mizpah Cherones, George D. Cherry, Walter L., Jr. Childs, Mrs. C. Frederick Childs, Mrs. George W. Chinlund, Miss Ruth E. Chislett, Miss Kate E. Christensen, E. C. Christiansen, Dr. Henry Churan, Charles A. Clare, Carl P. Clark, Ainsworth W. Clark, Miss Alice Keep Clark, Charles V. Clark, Mrs. Edward S. Clark, Edwin H. Clarke, Charles F.
Clarke, Harley L. Clay, John
Clemen, Dr. Rudolph A. Cleveland, Paul W. Clifford, Fred J., Jr. Clinch, Duncan L. CHthero, W. S. Clonick, Abraham J. Clonick, Sevmour E. Clough, William H. Clow, Mrs. Harry B. Clow, William E., Jr. Coath, V. W. Cochran, John L. Cohen, George B. Cohen, Mrs. L. Lewis Colburn, Frederick S. Colby, Mrs. George E. Cole, Sidney I. Coleman, Clarence L., Jr. Coleman, Dr. George H. Coleman, Mrs. John Coleman, Loring W. Coleman, Marvin H. Collins, Beryl B. Collison, E. K. Colvin, Miss Catharine Colvin, Miss Jessie Colwell, Clyde C. Compton, Mrs.
Arthur H. Compton, D. M. Conger, Miss Cornelia Conkey, Henry P. Connell, P. G. Conners, Harry Connor, Mrs. Clara A. Connor, Frank H. Conover, Miss
Margaret B. Cook, Miss Alice B. Cook, Mrs. Charles B. Cook, Mrs. David S. Cook, Jonathan Miller Cook, L. Charles Cook, Louis T. Cook, Thomas H. Cooke, Charles E. Cooke, Miss Flora Cooley, Gordon A. Coolidge, Miss Alice Coolidge, E. Channing Coolidge, Dr. Edgar D. Coombs, James F. Coonley, John Stuart Coonley, Prentiss L. Cooper, Samuel Copland, David Corbett, Mrs. William J. Cornell, Mrs. John E. Cosford, Thomas H. Coston, James E.
109
ASSDCIATK MKMHKilS {Continued)
Cowan, Mrs. Ciracr L. Cosvt'ii, Maurict' I.. Cowles, Knight C. Cox, James C. Cox, William D. CoyI.>, (\ H. CraKK, Mrs. Goofrp L. Crane. CharU-s K.. II CreanRo, A. L. CreK<>. Mrs. Dominica S. Cn^rar, Mrs. John Crilly, Kd^ar Cromwell, Mi.ss Juliette
Clara Cubbins, Dr. William R. Cudahy, Edward I. Cudahy, Mrs. Joseph M. CumminRs, Mrs. D. Mark Cummings, Mrs.
Frances S. Cuneo, John F. Curtis, .\ustin
Guthrie, Jr. Curtis. Mrs. Charles S. Cusack, Harold Cushing, John Caleb Cushman, Barney Cutler. Henrv E. Cutler, Paul William Cuttle, Harold E.
Daemicke, Mrs. Irwin
Paul Dahlberg. Bror G. Daily. Richard Daley. Harry C. Dalmar, Mrs. Hugo Dalmar, Hugo, Jr. Dammann, J. F. Dangel, W. H. Danielson, Philip A. Danley, Jared Gage Danne, William C, Jr. Dantzig, Leonard P. D".\(iuilii. George Darho, Howard H. Darrow, Paul E. Daughaday, C. Colton Davey, Mrs. Bruce E. David. Dr. Vernon C. Davidson. David W. David.son, Miss Mary F". Davie.s, Nlarshall Davi.s, Arthur Davis, C. S. Davis. Don L. Davis. Frank S. Davis, Dr. Joseph A. Da\'i.s, Dr. Loyal Davis, Dr.
Nathan S., Ill Deahl, Uriah S.
Deanc, .Mrs. Kuthvcn Decker, Charles C). DeCosta, !>«'wis M. deDardel, Carl U. Doe, Thomas J. Degen, David DcGolver. Rohcrt S. D.-L.-mon, H. K. Deiph, Dr. John F. Demaree, H. S. Deming, F^verett G. Dempster, Mrs.
Charles W. Denison, .Mrs. John
Porter Denman, Mrs. Burt J. Dennehy. Thomas C. Jr. Denney. F^llis H. Deslsles. Mrs. Carrie L. Deutsch. Mrs. Percy L. DeVries. David Dick, Edi.son Dick. Elmer J. Dick. Mrs. Homer T. Dickey, Roy Dickinson. F. R. Dickinson, Robert B. Dickinson. Mrs.
Thompson Diestel. .Mrs. Herman Dimick, Mi.ss Elizabeth Dimmer, Miss
Elizabeth G. Dixon, George W., Jr. Dixon, .Mrs. William
Warren Dol)yns, Mrs. Henry F. Doctor, Isidor Dodge, Mrs. Paul C. Doering, Otto C. Doetsch, Mi.ss Anna Dole.se, Mrs. John Donker, Mrs. William Donlon, Mrs. Stephen E. Donnel, Mrs. Curtis, Jr. Donnellev. Gavlord Donnelley, Mrs. H. P. Donnelley, Mi.ss Naomi Donohue, Edgar T. Dornbusch, Charles H. Dorocke, Jo.seph, Jr. Dorschel, Q. P. Douglas, James H., Jr. Douglass, Kingman Dougla-ss, Mrs. W. A. Dreutzer, Carl Drever, Thomas Drevfus, Mrs. Moise Duhbs, C. P. DuBois, Laurence M. Dudley, Laurence H. Dulsky, Mrs. Samuel
Dunbaugh, Harry J. Duncan, .■Mbert Ci. Duner, Joseph A. Dunlop, .Mrs. Simpson Dunn, Samuel O. Durand. Mrs. N. E. Durbin, FMetcher M.
Flasterberg, C. J. F'a.stman, .Mrs. George H. I\aton, J. FVank F'.beling, FVederic O. F]ckhart, Percy B. F>idy, Thoma,s H. F^dwards, Miss F^dith E. lOdwards, Kenneth P. F^gan, William B. F^glott, Dr. Gustav F^ichengreen, F>Imund K. F^iseman, Fred R. F^isenberg, Sam J. F^i.sendrath. F>iwin W. F>isendrath. .Miss F^lsa B. Eisendrath. Robert .M. Eisendrath. William B. Ei.senschiml. Mrs. Otto F]isenstaedt. Harry F>i.senstein. Sol Eitel. Karl Eitel, Max
Elcock, -Mrs. Edward G. Elenbogen, Herman Elich, Robert William FMlbogen, Miss Celia Elliott, Dr. Clinton A. Elliott, Frank R. Ellis, Howard Elting, Howard Embree, Henry S. Embree, J. W., Jr. Emery, Edward W. F^mmerich, Mi.ss Clara L. Engberg, Miss Ruth .M. F'ngel, Sli.ss Henrietta F'ngstrom, Harold F>dmann, Mrs. C. Pardee F>ickson, Donovan Y. F]rick.son, James A. Eric-son, Mrs. Chester F. Ericsson, Clarence Ericsson. Dewey A. Ericsson, Walter H. F>ikson, Carl A. F]rnst, Mrs. Ijeo Erskine, Albert DeWoIf Etten, Henry C. Eustice, Mrs. Alfred L. F'vans, Miss .\nna B. Evans, Mrs. David Evans, David J. Evans, Eliot H.
110
ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued)
Fabrice, Edward H. Fabry, Herman Fackt, Mrs. George P. Fader, A. L. Faget, James E. Faherty, Roger Faithorn, Walter E. Falk, Miss Amy Fallon, Mrs. J. B. Fallon, Dr. W. Raymond Falls, Dr. A. G. Farnham, Mrs. Harry J. Farrell, Mrs. B. J. Farwell, John V., Ill Faulkner, Charles J. Faulkner, Miss Elizabeth Faurot, Henry, Jr. Favill, Mrs. John Fay, Eugene C. Feiwell, Morris E. Felix, Benjamin B. Fellows, William K. Felsenthal, Edward
George Fennekohl, Mrs.
Arthur C. Fergus, Robert C. Fernald, Robert W. Ferry, Mrs. Frank F. Fetzer, Wade Filkins, A. J. Fineman, Oscar Finley, Max H. Finnegan, Richard J. Finnerud, Dr. Clark W. Firsel, Maurice S. Fischel, Frederic A. Fish, Mrs. Helen S. Fishbein, Dr. Morris Fisher, Harry M. Fisk, Mrs. Burnham M. Fitzpatrick, Mrs. John A. Flavin, Edwin F. Fleming, Mrs. Joseph B. Flood, Walter H. Florsheim, Harold M. Florsheim, Irving S. Florsheim, Mrs.
Milton S. Folonie, Mrs. Robert J. Folsom, Mrs. Richard S. Folsom, Mrs. William R. Foote, Mrs. Harley T. Forch, Mrs. John L., Jr. Ford, Mrs. Willis Roland Foreman, Mrs. Alfred K. Foreman, Mrs. E. G. Foreman, Edwin G., Jr. Foreman, Harold E. Forgan, James B. Forgan, Mrs. J. Russell Forgan, Robert D.
Forman, Charles Forster, J. George Fortune, Miss Joanna Foster, Mrs. Charles K. Foute, Albert J. Fox, Jacob Logan Fox, Dr. Paul C. Franche, Mrs. D. C, III Frank, Arthur A. Frankel, Louis Frankenstein, William B. Frankenthal, Dr.
Lester E., Jr. Franklin, Egington Frazer, Mrs. George E. Freedman, Dr. I. Val Freeman, Charles Y. Freiler, Abraham J. French, Dudley K. Frenier, A. B. Freudenthal, G. S. Frey, Charles Daniel Freyn, Henry J. Fridstein, Meyer Friedlich, Mrs. Herbert Friend, Mrs. Henry K. Friestedt, Arthur A. Fuller, Mrs. Gretta
Patterson Fuller, J. E. Fuller, Judson M. Furry, William S.
Gabriel, Adam Gaertner, William Galgano, John H. Gall, Charles H. Gall, Harry T. Gallup, Rockwell L. Gait, Mrs. A. T. Gamble, D. E. Garcia, Jose Garden, Hugh M. G. Gardiner, Mrs. John L. Gardner, Addison L. Gardner, Addison L., Jr. Gardner, Henry A. Gardner, Mrs. James P. Garen, Joseph F. Garnett, Joseph B. Garrison, Dr. Lester E. Gates, Mrs. L. F. Gawne, Miss Clara V. Gay, Rev. A. Royal Gaylord, Duane W. Gear, H. B. Gehl, Dr. W. H. Gehrmann, Felix Geiger, Alfred B. Ceiling, Dr. E. M. K. Geittmann, Dr. W. F. Gellert, Donald N.
Gensburg, Samuel H.
Gentry, Veit
Gentz, Miss Margaret
Nina George, Mrs. Albert B. Gerber, Max Gerding, R. W. Gerngross, Mrs. Leo Gettelman, Mrs.
Sidney H. Gettleman, Frank E. Getz, Mrs. James R. Getzoff, E. B. Gibbs, Richard F. Gibson, Dr. Stanley Gidwitz, Alan K. Giffey, Miss Hertha GifTord, Mrs.
Frederick C. Gilchrist, Mrs. John F. Gilchrist, Mrs. William
Albert Giles, Carl C. Giles, Mrs. Guy H. Gillette, Mrs. Ellen D. Gilmore, Dr. John H. Gimbel, J. W., Jr. Ginther, Miss Minnie C. Giryotas, Dr. Emelia J. Glaescher, Mrs. G. W. Glasner, Rudolph W. Glasser, Joshua B. Godehn, Paul M. Goes, Mrs. Arthur A. Goldberg, Philip S. Golden, Dr. Isaac J. K. Golding, Robert N. Goldman, Mrs. Louis Goldstein, Dr. Helen L.
Button Goldstein, Nathan S. Goldstine, Dr. Mark T. Goldy, Walter I. Goltra, Mrs. William B. Goode, Mrs. Rowland T. Gooden, G. E. Goodman, Benedict K. Goodman, Mrs. Milton F. Goodman, W. J. Goodman, William E. Goodwin, Clarence
Norton Goodwin, George S. Gordon, Colin S. Gordon, Harold J. Gordon, Dr. Richard J. Gordon, Mrs. Robert D. Gorrell, Mrs. Warren Gottlieb, Frederick M. Gould, Jay Gould, Mrs. June K. Grade, Joseph Y.
Ill
ASSOCIATK MK.MHKliS (Continued)
C.rafT, Oscar C. Graham, Douglas Graham, E. V.
Graham, Miss
MarKan-t H. (iramm, Mrs. Hclrn GraiiKcr, Mrs. Lillian M. Grant, Janios I). Grant, John G. Graves, Austin T. Graves, Howard B. GrawoiK, Allen Gray, Hr. Karle Gray, Kdward Green, Michael Green, Robert D. Greenacre, Mi.ss Cordelia
Ann Greenburg, Dr. Ira K. Greene, Henry E. Greenlee, Mrs. William
Brooks Greenman. Mrs. P'arl C. Gregory, Stephen S., Jr. Gregory, Tap pan Gressens, Otto Grey, Charles F. Grey, Dr. Dorothy Griest, Mrs. Marianna L. GritTenhagen, Mrs.
Edwin O. Griffith, Mrs. Carroll L. Griffith, Mrs. William Griswold, Harold T. Grizzard, James A. Groak, Irwin I). Gronkowski, Rev. C. I. Groot, Cornelius J. Groot, Lawrence A. Gross, Henry R. Gro.ssman, Frank L Grothenhuis, Mrs.
William J. Grotowski, Mrs. Leon Gruhn, Alvah V. Grunow, Mrs. William C. Guenzel, Louis Guest, Ward E. Gurley, Miss Helen K. Gurman, Samuel P. Gustafson, Gilbert K. Guthman, Edwin I. Gwinn, William R.
Hadley, Mrs. Edwin NL HafTner, Mrs.
Charles C, Jr. Hagen, -Mrs. Daise Haight, George L Hair. T. R. Hajicek, Rudolph F. Haldeman, Walter S.
Hale, Mrs. Samufl Hales, William .M. Hall, Edward B. Hall. .Mrs. J. B. Halligan. W. J. Hallmann. Herman F. Halp«'rin, .Xanm Halverstadt, Romaine M. Hamm, Fred B. Hammaker, Paul NL Hammerschmidt, Mrs.
George F. Hand, ("n'orge W. Hanli'y, Henry L. Hann, J. Roberts Hansen. Mrs. Carl Hansen. Mrs. Fred A. Hansen, Jacob W. Hanson. Mrs. Norman R. Harder. John H. Harders, Mrs. Flora
Rassweiler Hardin, John H. Harding, John Cowden Harding. Richard T. Harms. VanDeur.sen Harper, Alfred C. Harrington. David L. Harris. .Mrs. .\braham Harris. David J. Harris, Gordon L. Harris, Hayden B. Harris, Stanley G. Hart, Mrs. Herbert L. Hart. Ma.x A. Hart, William M. Hartmann, A. O. Hartshorn, Kenneth L. Hart wig. Otto J. Hartz, W. Homer Harvey, Byron, III Harvey, Richard M. Harwood, Thomas W. Haskell, .Sirs. George K. Hass, G. C. Hay, Mrs. William
Sherman Hayakawa, Dr. S. I. Hayes, Charles M. Hayes, Harold C. Haves. Miss Marv E. Haynie. Miss Rachel W. Hays. Mrs. Arthur A. Havslett, Arthur J. Hazlett. Dr. William H. Hazlett. Mrs. William H. Healy. Vincent Jerrems Heaney. Dr. N. Sproat Hearst. Mrs. Jack W. Heaton. Harry E. Heaton. Herman C. Heck, John
Hedbcrg, Henry E. HelTernan. .Miss Lili Hefner, .Aciam Heifle, .Mrs. Bernard H. Heiman, .Marcus Hcinzelman. Karl Hfinzen. .Mrs. Carl Heisler, Francis Hejna. Joseph F. Heldmaier, Mi.ss Marie Helfrich, J. Howard Heller, Albert Heller. John A. Heller. Mrs. Walter E. Hellman, George A. Hellyer, Walter Hemple, Miss Anne C. Henkel, Frederick W. Henley, Dr. Eugene H. Hennings, Mrs.
Abraham J. Henry, Huntington B. Henschel, P^dmund C. Herrick, Charles E. Herron, James C. Herron, Mrs. Oliver L. Hershey, J. Clarence Hertz. Mrs. P'red Hertzl)erg. Lawrence Herwig. (ieorge Herwig, William I).. Jr. Herz, Mrs. Alfred Hes.se, E. E. Heverly, F'arl L. Hibbard, .Mrs. .^ngus S. Hibbard, .Mrs. W. G. Hieber, blaster J. Patrick Higley, Mrs. Charles W. Hildebrand, Dr.
Eugene, Jr. Hildebrand, Grant M. Hill, Mrs. Ru.s.sell D. Hill, William C. Hill, William E. Hille, Dr. Hermann Hillebrecht, Herbert E. Hills. Edward R. Hind, .Mrs. John Dwight Hinman, Mrs. Estelle S. Hinrichs, Henry, Jr. Hirsch, Jacob H. Histed, J. Roland Hixon, Mrs. Frank P. Hodgkinson, Mrs. W. R. Hodgson. Mrs. G. C. Hoefman. Harold L. HofTmann, F^dward
Hempstead Hogan. Robert E. Hokin. Mrs. Barnev E. Holabird. W. S., Jr. Holden, Edward A.
ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued)
Hollander, Mrs. Samuel Holleb, A. Paul Hollenbach, Louis Holliday, W. J. Hollis, Henry L. Holmburger, Max Holmes, George J. Holmes, Miss Harriet F. Holmes, J. A. Holmes, Mrs. Maud G. Holmes, William Holmes, William N. Holt, Miss Ellen Holt, McPherson Holub, Anthony S. Holzheimer, Carl Homan, Miss Blossom L. Honsik, Mrs. James M. Hoover, Mrs. Fred W. Hoover, H. Earl Hoover, Ray P. Hope, Alfred S. Hopkins, Albert L. Hopkins, Mrs. James M. Hopkins, Mrs.
James M., Jr. Horcher, William W. Home, Mrs. William
Dodge, Jr. Horner, Mrs.
Maurice L., Jr. Hornung, Joseph J. Horton, Mrs. Helen Horton, Hiram T. Horton, Horace B. Horween, Arnold * Horween, Isidore Hosbein, Louis H. Hottinger, Adolph Hovland, Mrs. John P. Howard, Willis G. Howe, Charles Albee Howe, Clinton W. Howe, Mrs. Pierce
Layman Howe, Ralph B. Howe, Roger F. Howe, Warren D. Howell, Albert S. Howes, Mrs. Frank W. Howie, Mrs. James E. Howse, Richard G. Hoyne, Miss Susan D. Hoyt, Mrs. Phelps B. Hraback, L. W. Hrdlicka, Mrs. John D. Hubbard, George W. Huber, Dr. Harry Lee Hudson, Miss
Katherine J. Hudson, Walter L. Huey, Mrs. A. S.
Hufty, Mrs. F. P. Huggins, Dr. Ben H. Hughes, John E. Hughes, John W. Hume, James P. Humphrey, H. K. Huncke, Herbert S. Huncke, Oswald W. Hunding, B. N. Hurd, Ferris E. Hurvitz, H. R. Huska, Mrs. Joseph Hust, George Huszagh, Ralph D. Hutchinson, Foye P. Hutchinson, Samuel S. Hyatt, R. C.
Ickes, Raymond W. Idelman, Bernard Igo, Michael L. Ilg, Robert A. Illich, George M., Jr. Ingalls, Allin K. Inlander, N. Newton Inlander, Samuel Irons, Dr. Ernest E. Isaacs, Charles W., Jr. Isham, Henry P. Ives, Clifford E.
Jackson, Allan Jackson, Archer L. Jackson, Mrs. Arthur S. Jackson, Miss Laura E. Jackson, Mrs. W. A. Jacobi, Miss Emily C. Jacobs, Julius Jacobs, Mrs. Walter H. Jacobs, Whipple Jacobson, Raphael James, Walter C. Jameson, Clarence W. Jancosek, Thomas A. Janson, Dr. C. Helge M. Janusch, Fred W. Jarchow, Mrs. C. E. Jarchow, Charles C. Jarrow, Harry W. Jeffreys, Mrs. Mary M. Jeffries, Dr. Daniel W. Jenkins, David F. D. Jenkinson, Mrs. Arthur
Gilbert Jennings, Ode D. Jerger, Wilbur Joseph Jetzinger, David Jirgal, John Jirka, Dr. Frank J. Jirka, Dr. Robert H. John, Dr. Findley D. Johnson, Dr. Adelaide
Johnson, Alvin O. Johnson, Calmer L. Johnson, Mrs. Harley
Alden Johnson, Joseph M. Johnson, Nels E. Johnson, Mrs. O. W. Johnson, Olaf B. Johnson, Philip C. Johnston, Edward R. Johnston, Miss Fannie S. Johnston, Mrs. Hubert
McBean Johnston, Mrs. M. L. Jonak, Frank J. Jones, Albert G. Jones, Mrs. C. A. Jones, James B. Jones, Dr. Margaret M. Jones, Melvin Jones, Miss Susan E. Joseph, Mrs. Jacob G. Joseph, Louis L. Joy, Guy A. Judson, Clay Juergens, H. Paul Julien, Victor R.
Kahn, Mrs. Arthur S. Kahn, J. Kesner Kahn, Jerome J. Kahn, Louis Kaine, James B. Kamins, Dr. Maclyn M. Kane, Jerome M. Kanter, Jerome J. Kaplan, Morris I. Kaplan, Nathan D. Karpen, Michael Kasch, Frederick M. Katz, Mrs. Sidney L. Katz, Solomon Katzenstein, Mrs.
George P. Katzin, Frank Kauffman, Mrs. R. K. Kauffmann, Alfred Kaufman, Justin Kaufmann, Dr.
Gustav L. Kavanagh, Clarence H. Kay, Mrs. Marie E. Keefe, Mrs. George I. Kehl, Robert Joseph Kehoe, Mrs. High Boles Keith, Stanley Keith, Mrs. Stanley Kelker, Rudolph F., Jr. Kelly, Mrs. Haven Core Kelly, Miss Katherine
Marjorie Kelly, William J.
113
ASSOCIATK Mi:Min:i;s ^Cuntinned)
Kemper, Hathaway (i. Kemper, Miss Hilda M. Kemjiner, Harry H. Kemuiier, Stan Kendall. Mrs. XirRinia II. Keriiirick, John F. Keiineiiy, Mrs. K. J. Kennedy, Lesley Kennelly, Martin H. Kennev, Clarence B. Kent, I)r. O. B. Keo^h, (lordon E. Kern, Mrs. .\uKUst Kern. U. \. Kern, Dr. N'ichola,s H. Korn, Trude Kerwin, F^dward M. Kesner, Jacob L. Kestnt)aum, Meyer Kettering, Mrs.
Eugene \V. Kew, Mrs. Stephen M. Kiessling, Mrs. Charles S. Kile, Miss Je.ssie J. Kimtiall. David W. Kimball. William \V. Kimbark. John R. King. Clinton B. King, Joseph H. Kingman, Sirs. Arthur G. Kin.sey. Robert S. Kirkland. Mrs.
Wevmouth Kitchell. Howell W. Kitzelman, Otto Klee, Mrs. Nathan Kleinpeil, Dr. Henry H. Kleist, Mrs. Harry Kleppinger, William H. Kleutgen, Dr. Arthur C. Klinetop, Mrs. Charles W. Knickerbocker, Miss
Paula Knopf, Andrew J. Knutson, George H. Koch, Mrs. Fred J. Koch, Raymond J. Koch, Robert J. Kochs, August Kochs, Mrs. Robert T. Koehniein, Wilson O. Kohl. Mrs. Caroline L. Kohler, Eric L. Kohlsaat, Edward C. Konsberg, Alvin V. Kopf, Mi.s,s I.sabel Koppenaal, Dr.
Elizabeth Thompson Kornblith, Mrs.
Howard G. Kosobud, William F. Kotal, John A.
Kotin, George N. Koucky, Dr. J. D. Kovac, Stefan KraiTt, Mrs. Walter A. Kraft, C. H. Kraft, James L. Kraft. John H. Kraft, Norman Kralovec. Emil G. Kralovec. Mrs. Otto J. Kramer, Ixtov Kraus, Peter J. Kraus. Samuel B. Kresl. Carl Kretschmer, Dr.
Herman L. Kretschmer.
Herman L.. Jr. KroplT. C. G. Krost, Dr. Gerard N. Kuehn, A. L. Kuh, Mrs. Edwin J., Jr. Kuhn, Frederick T. Kuhn, Dr. Hedwig S. Kunka, Bernard J. Kunstadter, Albert Kunstadter, Sigmund W. Kurfe.ss, John Fredric Kurtz, W. O. Kurtzon, Morris
Lacey, Miss Edith M. Laflin. Louis E., Jr. Latlin, Louis E., Ill Lambert, C. A. Lampert. Wilson W. Lanahan, Mrs. M. J. Lane. F. Howard Lane. Ray E. Lang, Edward J. Langenbach.Mrs.AliceR. Langford. Nlrs.
Robert E. Langhorne, George
Tayloe Langworthy, Benjamin
P'ranklin Lanman, E. B. Lansinger, Mrs. John M. Larimer, Howard S. Larsen, Samuel A. Larson, Mrs. Sarah G. Lasker, Albert D. La.s,sers, San ford B. Latshaw, Dr. Blair S. Lauren, Newton B. Lautmann, Herbert M. Lavers. A. W. Lavezzorio. Mrs. J. B. Lavidge. Arthur W. Law, Mrs. Robert O. Lawle.ss, Dr. Theodore K.
Lawson, David A. Lax, John Franklin Lay den, Michael J. Lazar, .\Iaurice Lazear. George C. Ix'ahy. James F. Ix'ahy. Thomas F. Leavell. James R. LeBaron. Mi.ss Edna I^bold, Foreman N. I^bold. Samuel N. Lebolt. John Michael Lederer, Dr. Francis L. Lee, David .-\rthur Lee, Mrs. John H. S. I^fens, Mis,s Katherine J. Lefens, Walter C. I^eichenko, Peter M. Leight, Mrs. Albert E. Leiand. Miss Alice J. Leland. Mrs. Roscoe G. LeMoon, A. R. Lennon. George W. Lenz. J. Mayo Leonard, .Arthur T. Lerch. William H. Leslie, I^r. Eleanor I. I^slie, John Wood worth LeTourneau, Mrs.
Robert Leverone, Louis E. Levin.son, Mrs. Salmon O. Levitan, Benjamin Levitetz, Nathan Levy, Alexander M. Levy, Arthur G. Lewis, Mrs. Ellis R. Lewy, Dr. Alfred L'Hommedieu, Arthur Liebman, A. J. Lillyblade, Clarence 0. Lindahl, Mrs. Edward J. Linden, John A. Lindheimer, B. F. Lingle. Bowman C. Lipman. Robert R. Li.ss, Samuel Little, Mrs. E. H. Littler, Harry E., Jr. Livingston, Julian M. Livingston, Mrs.
Milton L. Llewellyn, Paul Lloyd, Glen A. Lochman, Philip Loeb, Hamilton M. Loewenberg, Israel S. Loewenberg, M. L. Loewenherz, Emanuel Loewenstein, Richard M. Loewenthal, Richard J. Logan, L. B.
14
ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued)
Long, William E. Loomis, Reamer G. Lord, Arthur R. Lord, John S. Lord, Mrs. Russell Loucks, Charles O. Louer, Albert E. M. Louis, Mrs. John J. Love, Chase W. Lovgren, Carl Lucey, Patrick J. Ludo'lph, Wilbur M. Lueder, Arthur C. Lunding, Franklin J. Luria, Herbert A. Lusk, R. R. Lustgarten, Samuel Lyford, Harrv B. Lynch, J. W. Lyon, Charles H.
Maass, J. Edward Mabee, Mrs. Melbourne MacDonald, E. K. Maclntyre, Mrs. M. K. MacKenzie, William J. Mackey, Frank J. Mackinson, Dr. John C. MacLellan, K. F. MacMuUen, Dr. Delia M. MacMurray, Mrs.
Donald Madlener, Mrs.
Albert F., Jr. Madlener, Otto Maehler, Edgar E. Magan, Miss Jane A. Magerstadt, Madeline Magill, John R. Magnus, Albert, Jr. Magnuson, Mrs. Paul Maher, Mrs. D. W. Main, Walter D. Majors, Mrs. B. S. Maling, Albert Malone, William H. Manaster, Harry Mandel, Mrs. Aaron W. Mandel, Edwin F. Mandel, Miss Florence Mandel, Mrs. Robert Manegold, Mrs. Frank W. Manierre, Francis E. Manierre, Louis Manley, John A. Mark, Mrs. Cyrus Mark, Griffith Marquart, Arthur A. Marsh, A. Fletcher Marsh, John
McWilliams, II Marsh, Mrs. John P.
Marsh, Mrs. Marshall S. Marston, Mrs. Thomas B. Martin, Mrs. George B. Martin, George F. Martin, Samuel H. Martin, W. B. Martin, Wells Martin, Mrs. William P. Marx, Adolf Marx, Frederick Z. Marzluff, Frank W. Marzola, Leo A. Mason, Willard J. Massee, B. A. Massey, Peter J. Masterson, Peter Mathesius, Mrs. Walther Matson, J. Edward Matter, Mrs. John Maurer, Dr. Siegfried Maxant, Basil Maxwell, Lloyd R. Mayer, Frank D. Mayer, Mrs. Herbert G. Mayer, Herman J., Jr. Mayer, Isaac H. Mayer, Leo Mayer, Oscar F. Mayer, Oscar G. Mayer, Theodore S. Mazurek, Miss Olive McAloon, Owen J. McArthur, Billings M. McBirney, Mrs. Hugh J. McCahey, James B. McCarthy, Edmond J. McCarthy, Joseph W. McCausland, Mrs.
Clara L. McClun, John M. McCord, Downer McCormack, Prof. Harry McCormick, Mrs.
Chauncey McCormick, Fowler McCormick, Howard H. McCormick, Leander J. McCormick,
Robert H., Jr. McCrea, Mrs. W. S. McCready, Mrs. E. W. McCreight, Louis Ralph McDonald, E. F., Jr. McDonald, Lewis McDougal, Mrs. James B. McDougal, Mrs. Robert McErlean, Charles V. McGraw, Max McGuinn, Edward B. McGurn, Matthew S. Mcintosh, Arthur T.
Mcintosh, Mrs.
Walter G. McKenna, Dr. Charles H. McKinney, Mrs. Hayes McMenemy, Logan T. McMillan, James G. McMillan, John McMillan, W. B. McNamara, Louis G. McNamee, Peter F. McNulty, Joseph D. McQuarrie, Mrs. Fannie McVoy, John M. Mead, Dr. Henry C. A. Medsker, Dr. Ora L. Melcher, George Clinch Melnick, Leopold B. Merrell, John H. Merriam, Miss Eleanor Merrill, William W. Metz, Dr. A. R. Meyer, Mrs. A. H. Meyer, Abraham W. Meyer, Dr. Charles A. Meyer, Charles Z. MeyerhofI, A. E. Meyers, Erwin A. Meyers, Jonas Michaels, Everett B. Michel, Dr. William J. Midowicz, C. E. Mielenz, Robert K. Milburn, Miss Anne L. Milhening, Frank Miller, Miss Bertie E. Miller, Mrs. Clayton W. Miller, Mrs. Donald J. Miller, Mrs. F. H. Miller, Hyman Miller, John S. Miller, Mrs. Olive
Beaupre Miller, Oscar C. Miller, Mrs. Phillip Miller, R. T. Mills, Allen G. Mills, Llovd Langdon Miner, Dr. Carl S. Minturn, Benjamin E. Mitchell, George F. Mitchell, John J. Mitchell, Leeds Mitchell, Oliver Mix, Dr. B. J. Mock, Dr. Harry Edgar Moderwell, Charles M. Moeling, Mrs. Walter G. Moeller, George Moeller, Rev. Herman H. Moist, Mrs. Samuel E. Mojonnier, Timothy Mollan, Mrs. Feme T.
115
ASSOCIATK MKMBKIiS ^Continued)
Molluv, David J. MoriK, Mrs. C. K. Monht'imt'r, Henry I. Monroe, William S. Moore, Paul, Monro, Philip Wyatt Moran, Miss MarRarct Morev. Dr. Charles W. Morf," F. William Morri.son, Mrs. C. R. Morri.son, Mrs. Harry Morri.son, James C. Morrow, Mrs. John, Jr. Morse, Sirs. Charles J. Morse, Leland R. Morse, Mrs. Milton Morse, Robert H. Morton, SterlinR Morton, William Morris Moses, Howard A. Mo.ss, Jerome A. Mouat, Andrew J. Moxon, Dr. George W. Mover, E. J. T. Mover, Mrs. Paul S. Mudge, Mrs. John B. Muehlstein, Mrs. Charles Mueller, Austin M. Mueller, Miss Hedwig H. Mueller, J. Herbert Mueller, Paul H. Mulford, Miss Melinda
Jane Mulhern, Edward F. Mulholand, William H. Munroe, Moray Murphy, Mrs. Helen C. Murphv, Joseph D. Murphy, O. R. Murphy, Robert E. Muszynski, John J. Myrland, Arthur L.
Xaber, Henrv G. Nadler, Dr. Walter H. Naess, Sigurd E. Nagel, Mrs. Frank E. Nance, Willis D. Naumann, Miss Susan Nebel, Herman C. Neelv, Mrs. Llovd F. Nehls, Arthur L. Xellegar, Mrs. Jay C. Nelson, Arthur W. Nelson, Charles G. Nelson, Donald M. Nelson, Victor W. Neuman, Sidney Neumann, Arthur E. Newhall, R. Frank Newhouse, Karl H. Newman, Mrs. Albert A.
Newman, Charles H. Nichols, .Mrs.
George R., Jr. Nichols, J. C. Nichols, S. F. Nils.son, Mrs.
(J<iodwin M. Nishkian, Mrs.
X'aughn G. Nitze, Mrs. William A. Noble, Samuel R. Nollau, Mi.ss Emma Noonan, Edward J. Norman, Harolrl W. Norris, Mrs. Ix>ster Norton, Christopher D. Norton, R. H. Novak, Charles J. Noyes, A. H. Noyes, Allan S. Noyes, Mrs. May Wells \ufer. Gene Nusbaum, Mrs.
Hemiien D. Nyman, Dr. John Egbert
Gates, James F. Oberfelder, Herbert M. Oberfelder, Walter S. Obermaier, John A. O'Brien, Mi.ss Janet 0"Connell, Edmund
Daniel Odell, William R., Jr. Offield, James R. Oglesbee, Nathan H. O'Keefe, Mrs. Dennis D. O'Keelle, William F. Olcott, Mrs. Henry C. Oldberg, Dr. Eric Oldefest, Edward G. Oleson, Wrislev B. Oliver, Mrs. Paul Ol.sen, Miss Agnes J. Olsen, Mrs. Arthur O. Olson, Gustaf Ol.son, Rudolph J. O'Neil, Dr. Owen Onofrio, Mrs. Michael J. Ooms, Casper William Opeka, Frank M. Oppenheimer, Alfred Oppenheimer, Mrs.
Harry D. OrndolT, Dr. Benjamin H. O'Rourke, Albert Orr, Mrs. Robert C. Orr, Thomas C. Orthal. A. J. Ortmayer, Dr. Marie Osborn, Theodore L. Ostrom, Mrs. J. Augustus
Otis, J. Sanford Otis, Joseph E. Otis, Jr)seph Edward, Jr. Otis, Stuart Huntington Owings, Mrs. Nathaniel A.
Paasche, Jens A. Packard, Dr. Rollo K. Paepcke, Walter P. Page, John W. Palmer, James L. Palmgren, Mrs.
Charles A. Pardee, Harvev S. Pardridge, Mrs. E. W. Park, R. E. Paker, Dr. Gaston C. Paker, Norman S. Parker, Trov L. Parks, C. R. Parmelee, Dr. A. H. Parry, Mrs. Norman G. Partridge, Lloyd C. Paschen, Mrs. Henrv Pashkow, A. D. Patterson, Grier D. Patterson, Mrs. L. B. Patterson, Mrs. Wallace Patzelt, Miss Janet Peabody, Howard B. Peabodv, Miss Su.san W^ Pearl, Allen S. Pearse, Langdon Pearson, F. W. Pearson, George
Albert, Jr. Peck, Dr. David B. Peet, Mrs. Belle G. Peirce, Albert E. PenDell, Charles W. Percy, Dr. Mortimer
Nel.son Perel, Harry Z. Perkins, A. T. Perkins, Mrs. Herbert F. Perry, Sirs. I. Newton Peter, William F. Peters, Harry A. Petersen, Elmer M. Petersen, Jurgen Peterson, Arthur J. Peterson, Axel A. Peterson, Mrs. Bertha I. Peterson, Mrs.
Richard E. Pfaelzer, Miss
Elizabeth W. Pflaum. A. J. Pflock, Dr. John J. Phelps, Mrs. W. L. Phemister, Dr. Dallas B.
116
ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued)
Phillips, Dr. Herbert
Morrow Phillips, Mervyn C. Pick, Albert, Jr. Pick, Frederic G. Pierce, J. Norman Pierce, Paul, Jr. Pierson, Mrs. James
Rhodes Pierson, Joseph B. Pink, Mrs. Ira M. Pirie, Mrs. John T. Pitzner, Alwin Frederick Plapp, Miss Doris A. Piatt, Edward Vilas Piatt, Mrs. Robert S. Plummer, Comer Plunkett, William H. Pobloske, Albert C. Podell, Mrs. Beatrice
Hayes Polk, Mrs. Stella F. Pollak, Charles A. Poole, Mrs. Marie R. Poor, Fred A. Pope, Herbert Poppenhagen, Henry J. Porter, Charles H. Porter, Edward C. Porter, Mrs. Frank S. Porter, Henry H. Porter, Louis Porter, Mrs. Sidney S. Portis, Dr. Sidney A. Post, Mrs. Philip Sidney Pottenger, William A. Poulson, Mrs. Clara L. Powills, Michael A. Pratt, Mrs. William E. Prentice, John K. Price, John McC. Primley, Walter S. Prince, Harry Prince, Rev. Herbert W Prince, Leonard M. Pritchard, Richard E. Probst, Marvin G. Proxmire, Dr.
Theodore Stanley Prussing, Mrs. R. E. Pucci, Lawrence Puckey, F. W. Pulver, Hugo Purcell, Joseph D. Purcey, Victor W. Putnam, Miss Mabel C. Puttkammer, E. W. Pyterek, Rev. Peter H.
Quick, Miss Hattiemae
Raber, Franklin
Racheff, Ivan Radford, Mrs. W. A., Jr. Radniecki, Rev. Stanley Raff, Mrs. Arthur Raftree, Miss Julia M. Railton, Miss Frances Ramis, Leon Lipman Randall, Rev. Edwin J. Randall, Irving Raney, Mrs. R. J. Rankin, Miss Jessie H. Rassweiler, August Rathje, Frank C. Ravenscroft, Edward H. Raymond, Mrs.
Howard D. Razim, A. J. Reach, Benjamin F. Redfield, William M. Redington, F. B. Redmond, Forrest H. Reed, Mrs. Frank D. Reed, Mrs. Lila H. Reed, Norris H. Reed, Mrs. Philip L. Reeve, Mrs. Earl Regan, Mrs. Robert G. Rengenstein, Joseph Regensteiner, Theodore Regnery, Frederick L. Regnery, William H. Reid, Mrs. Bryan Reilly, Vincent P. Reingold, J. J. Remy, Mrs. William Renaldi, George J. Renshaw, Mrs. Charles ReQua, Mrs. Charles
Howard, Jr. ReQua, Haven A. Rew, Mrs. Irwin Reynolds, Mrs.
G. William Reynolds, Harold F. Rice, Mrs. Charles R. Rice, Laurence A. Rich, Elmer Rich, Harry Richards, Mrs. Bartlett Richards, Donald Richards, Marcus D. Richardson, George A. Richardson, Guy A. Richter, Mrs. Adelyn W. Rickcords, Francis S. Ridgeway, Ernest Rieser, Leonard M. Rietz, Elmer W. Rietz, Walter H. Ripstra, J. Henri Ritchie, Mrs. John Rittenhouse, Charles J.
Roberts, Mrs. John Roberts, John M. Roberts, Shepherd M. Roberts, William
Munsell Robertson, Hugh Robinson, Sanger P. Robinson,
Theodore W., Jr. Robson, Miss Sarah C. Roderick, Solomon P. Rodgers, Dr. David C. Rodman, Thomas
Clifford Rodman, Mrs. Hugh Roehling, Mrs. Otto G. Roehm, George R. Roesch, Frank P. Rogers, Miss Annie T. Rogers, Mrs. Bernard F. Rogers, Joseph E. Rogerson, Everett E. Roggenkamp, John Rogovsky, W. P. Roller, Fred S. Rolnick, Dr. Harry C. Romer, Miss Dagmar E. Root, John W. Rosborough, Dr. Paul A. Rosen, M. R. Rosenbaum, Mrs.
Edwin S. Rosenfeld, M. J. Rosenfield, Mrs.
Morris S. Rosenstone, Nathan Rosenstone, Samuel Rosenthal, Kurt Rosenthal, Samuel R. Rosenwald, Richard M. Ross, Joseph F. Ross, Robert C. Ross, Mrs. Robert E. Ross, Thompson Ross, Walter S. Roth, Aaron Roth, Mrs. Margit
Hochsinger Rothacker, Watterson R. Rothschild, George
William Routh, George E., Jr. Rozelle, Mrs. Emma Rubens, Mrs. Charles Rubloff, Arthur Rubovits, Theodore Ruettinger, John W. Runnells, Mrs. Clive Rupprecht, Mrs.
Edgar P. Rushton, Joseph A. Russell, Dr. Joseph W.
117
ASSOriATK MKMBKKS {Conthiued)
Kutledgo, Geo FRO K. Ryan, Mrs. William A. RvcTson. Mrs. 'Donal.i M.
Sarklov, Mrs. James A. Sago. \V. Otis Salmon, Mrs. K. P. Sammons, \VhcM>U>r Sample, John Glen Samnsell, Marshall G. SandidRO, Miss Dai.sy Sands, Mrs. Frances B. Santini, Mrs. Randolph Sargent, Chester V. Sargent, John R. \V. Sargent, Ralph Sauter, Fred J. Sawver, Ainslie V. Sawyer. Or. Alvah L. Schaeht, John H. Schafer, Mrs. Elmer J. Schafer. O. J. SchatTner, Mrs. Joseph Schadner. Mrs. L. L. Scharin, Mrs. J. Hippach Scheinman, Je.s.se D. Schenck, Frederick Schlichting, Justus L. Schmidt, Dr. Charles L. Schmidt, Mrs. Minna .M. Schmitz, Dr. Henry Schneider, D. G. Schneider, F. P. Schnering. Otto Y. Schnur, Ruth A. Scholl, Dr. William M. Schreiner, Sigurd Schroeder, Dr. George H. Schroeder, Dr. Mary G. Schueren, Arnold C. Schukraft. William Schulze, Mrs. Mathilde Schupp, Philip C. Schurig, Robert Roy Schutz, Thomas A. Schuyler, Mrs. Daniel J., Jr. Schwab, Laurence E. Schwander, J. J. Schwanke, .Arthur Schwartz, Charles K. Schwartz, Charles P. Schwartz, Dr. Otto Schwarz, Herbert E. Schwinn, Frank W. Sclanders, Mrs. Alexander Scott, Miss Maud E. Scott. Fiobert L. Scribner, Gilbert Scudder. Mrs. Barrett Scully, Mrs. D. B.
Sears, .Miss Dorothy Sears. J. .Mden Seaton, G. Leland Seav«'rns. Louis C. Sedgwick, C. Galen See, Dr. Agnes Chester Seeberger. .Mis.s Dora A. Seeburg, Justus P. Segal, \'ictor Seifert. Mrs. Walter J. Seip, Kmil G. Seipp, Clarence T. Seipp, Kflwin A., Jr. Seipp, William C. Sello, George W. Sencenbaugh, .Mrs. ('. W. Senne, John A. ShalTer, Carroll Shakman, James G. Shanahan, Mrs. I)avid K. Shane.sy, Ralph D. Shannon, Angus Roy Shapiro, Mever Sharpe. N. SL Shaw, Alfred P. Shaw, Mrs. Arrh W . Sheldon, James NL Shelton. Dr. W. P'.ugene
Shepherd, Mrs. Edith P.
Shepherd. Miss Olive NL
Sherman, Mrs. W. W.
Shields. James Culver
Shillestad, John \.
Shillinglaw, Davicl L.
Shire, Slo.ses E.
Shoan, Nels
Shorev, Clvde E.
Short, J. R.
Shroyer, Malcolm E.
Shumwav, Mrs. Eflward DeWitt
Sidlev, William P.
Siebel, Mrs. Ewald H.
Sieck, Herbert
Siegel, David T.
Siemund, Roy W.
Sigman, Leon
Silander, A. L
Silberman. Charles
Silberman. David B.
Silberman, Hubert S.
Sills, Clarence W.
Silverstein, Ramond
Sil vert home, George M.
Simond, Robert E.
Simonds, Dr. James P.
Simpson, John M.
Sincere, Henry B.
Sinclair, Dr. J. Frank
Singer, Mrs. Mortimer H.
Sinsheimer, Allen
Siragusa, Ross D.
Siivskinfi, Louis Skarrn. Kenneth W. Skleba. Dr. Leonard F. Sle«'per, Mrs. Olive C. Smith, Charles Herbert Smith, Clinton F. Smith, Mrs. E. A. Smith, Mi.ss Ellen
Dunlap Smith, .Mrs. Emery J. Smith, Franklin P. Smith, Harold Byron Smith, Mrs. Hermon
Dunlap Smith, Jens Smith, Mrs.
Katharine Walker Smith, Mrs. Kinney Smith, Miss Marion D. Smith, Paul C. Smith, Samuel K. Smith. Mrs. Theodore
White Smith, W. Lvnwood Smith. Z. Erol Smuk, Dr. J. E. Smullan, .Alexander Snyder, Harry Socrates, Nicholas A. Sola, Joseph G. Solem, Dr. George O. Sonnenschein, Hugo Soper, Henry M. Soper, James P.. Jr. Sopkin. Mrs. Setia H. Soravia, Jo.seph Speer, Robert J. Spencer. Mrs. Egbert H. Spencer. John P. Spencer, Mrs. William NL Sperry, Mrs. Leonard M. Spertus. Herman Spiegel. Mrs. Arthur H. Spiegel. Mrs.
Frederick W. Spitz, Joel Spitz, I>eo
Spooner. Charles W. Sprague. Dr. John P. Spray, Cranston Squires, John G. Staack, Otto C. Stacey, Mrs. Thomas L Stanton, Henry T. Starbird, Miss Myrtle L Starrels, Joel Stearns, Mrs. Richard L Stebbins, Fred J. Steele, Henrv B., Jr. Steele, W. D. Steepleton. A. Forrest Steffey, David R.
118
ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued)
Stein, Mrs. Henry L. Stein, Dr. Irving Stein, L. Montefiore Stein, Sydney, Jr. Steinberg, Dr. Milton Stenson, Frank R. Stephan, Mrs. John Stephani, Edward J. Sterba, Dr. Joseph V. Stern, Mrs. Alfred Stern, Alfred Whital Stern, David B. Stern, Gardner H. Stern, Oscar D. Stevens, Delmar A. Stevens, Elmer T. Stevens, Harold L. Stevenson, Engval Stewart, Miss
Mercedes Graeme Stirling, Miss Dorothy Stockton, Eugene M. Stone, Mrs. Jacob S. Stone, Mrs. Theodore Straus, Henry H. Straus, Martin L. Straus, Melvin L. Strauss, Dr. Alfred A. Strauss, Ivan Strauss, John L. Straw, Mrs. H. Foster Street, Mrs. Charles A. Strickfaden, Miss
Alma E. Stromberg, Charles J. Strong, Edmund H. Strong, M. D. Strong, Mrs. Walter A. Strotz, Harold C. Stulik, Dr. Charles Sullivan, John J. Sulzberger, Frank L. Summer, Mrs. Edward Sundin, Ernest G. Sutherland, William Sutton, Harold I. Swanson, Holgar G. Swanson, Joseph E. Swartchild, Edward G. Swartchild, William G. Swenson, S. P. O. Swett, Robert Wheeler Swift, Mrs. Alden B. Swift, Edward F., Jr. Sykes, Aubrey L. Sykes, Mrs. Wilfred
Tarrant, Mrs. Robert Taylor, Frank F. Taylor, Herbert J. Taylor, J. H. Taylor, James L.
Taylor, L. S. Taylor, William G. Templeton, Stuart J. Templeton, Walter L. Terry, Foss Bell Thai, Dr. Paul E. Thatcher, Everett A. Theobald, Dr. John J. Thomas, Mrs. Florence T. Thomas, Dr. William A. Thompson, Arthur H. Thompson, Edward F. Thompson, Ernest H. Thompson, Floyd E. Thompson, Dr. George F. Thompson, John E. Thompson, Mrs. John R. Thompson, John R., Jr. Thorne, Hallett W. Thornton, Dr. Francis E. Thornton, Roy V. Thorp, Harry W. Thresher, C. J. Thulin, F. A. Tibbetts, Mrs. N. L. Tilden, Averill Tilden, Louis Edward Tilt, Charles A. Tobey, William Robert Tobias, Clayton H. Todt, Mrs. Edward G. Torbet, A. W. Torrence, George P. Touchstone, John Henry Towler, Kenneth F. Towne, Mrs. John D. C. Traer, Glenn W. Trask, Arthur C. Traylor, Mrs.
Melvin A., Jr. Traylor, Mrs.
Melvin A., Sr. Treadwell, H. A. Trees, Merle J. Trenkmann, Richard A. Tripp, Chester D. Trombly, Dr. F. F. Trowbridge, Mrs.
A. Buel, Jr. Trude, Mrs. Mark W. True, Charles H. Tumpeer, Joseph J. Turck, J. A. V. Turner, Alfred M. Turner, G. H. Turner, Mrs. Horace E. Tuthill, Gray B. Tuttle, Mrs. Henry N.
Ullmann, Herbert S. Upham, Mrs. Frederic W.
Uriell, Francis H. Utter, Mrs. Arthur J.
Vacin, Emil F. Valentine, Andrew L. Valentine, Mrs. May L. Valentine, Patrick A. VanArtsdale, Mrs.
Flora D. VanCleef, Felix VanCleef, Mrs. Noah VanCleef, Paul VanDellen, Dr.
Theodore R. VanDeventer,
Christopher Vanek, John C. VanSchaack, R. H., Jr. VanWinkle, James Z. VanZwoll, Henry B. Varel, Mrs. C. D. Vawter, William A., II Vehe, Dr. K. L. Verson, David C. Vial, Charles H. Vickery, Miss Mabel S. Vierling, Mrs. Louis Vogl, Otto VonColditz, Dr.
G. Thomsen- vonGlahn, Mrs. August Voorhees, Mrs. Condit Voorhees, H. Belin Voynow, Edward E.
Wade, Walter A. Wager, William Wagner, Fritz, Jr. Wagner, Louis A. Wahl, Arnold Spencer Wakerlin, Dr. George E. Walgreen, C. R., Jr. Walgreen, Mrs.
Charles R. Walker, James Walker, Mrs. Paul Walker, Samuel J. Walker, WilHam E. Wallace, Walter F. Waller, Mrs. Edward C. Wallovick, J. H. Walpole, S. J. Walsh, Dr. Eugene L. Wanner, Arthur L. Ward, Edwin J. Ward, Mrs. N. C. Wardwell, H. F. Wares, Mrs. Helen Worth Warfield, Edwin A. Warner, Mrs. John Eliot Warren, Allyn D. Warren, Paul G.
119
ASSUCIATK MKMHKRS '<'n..i,nued)
\\;irr»ri. Waltor G. Warsh, L«*<) (I. \Vashl)urnt\
Hempstead, Jr. Washington, LauronrcW Wassoll, Joseph Watson, William Upton Watts, Harrv C. Watzek. J. Vv.. Jr. Weber, Mrs. Will S. Webster, Arthur L. Webster, Miss Helen W. Webster, Henry A. Wedelstaedt, U. A. Weil, Mrs. Leon Weil, Martin Weiler, Rudolph Weiner, Charles Weiner, Georpe Weinstein, Dr. M. L. Weinzell)aum, Louis I.. Weis, Samuel W. Weisbrod, Benjamin \\. Weiss, Mrs. Morton Wei.ss, Siegfried Weissbrenner, A. W. Weisskopf, Maurice J. Wei.sskopf, Dr. Max A. Welles, Mrs. Donald P. Welles, Mrs. Edward
Kenneth Wells, Arthur H. Wells, Mi.ss Cecilia W^ells, Harrv L. Wells, John E. Wells, Preston A. Wendell, Barrett Wendell, Miss
Josephine A. Went worth, John Wentworth, Mrs.
Sylvia B. Wentz, Peter L. W'erner, Frank A. Wertheimer, Joseph West, Thomas H.
Westerfeld, Simon Wetten, Albert H. Weymer, Karl .\L Wheeler, George \. Wheeler, l>eo W. Wheeler, Leslie M. Wheeler, .Mrs. Robert C. Whinery, Charles C. White, Mrs. James C. White, Joseph J. White. Richard T. White, Sanford R. White, Selden Freeman Whiting. Mrs. Adele H. Whiting, Lawrence H. Widdicombe, Mrs. R. A. Wieland, Charles J. Wieiand, Mrs. George C. Wienhoeber, George \'. Wilcox. Robvn Wilder, Harold, Jr. Wilder, .Mrs. John E. Wilder, Mrs. Paul Wilker, Mrs. Milton W. Wilkey, Fred S. Wilkins, George Lester Wilkins, Mi.ss Ruth C. Wiikin.son, Mrs.
George L. Wilkinson, John C. Willems, Dr. J. Daniel Willens, Jo.seph R. Willey, Mrs. Charles B. Williams, J. M. Williams, Kenneth Williamson, George H. Willis, Paul. Jr. Willis, Thomas H. Willner, Benton Jack, Jr. Wilms, Hermann P. Wilson, Kdward Foss Wilson, Harry Bertram Wil.son, Mrs. John R. Wilson, Mi.ss Lillian ^L Wilson, Morris Karl Wil.son, Mrs. Robert E.
Wilson, William Winans, Frank F. Wind.sor, H. H., Jr. Winston, Hampden Winston, James H. Winston, .Mrs. James H. Winter, Irving Wolf, Mrs. Albert H. Wolf, Walter B. Wolfe, Lloyd R. Wood, .Mrs. Gertrude D. Wood. Mrs. Hettie R. Woofi, Kav, Jr. Wood. Mrs. R. Arthur \\'ond, Robert E. Wood, William G. Wf)odmansee, Fay Woods, Weightstill Worcester, Sirs.
Charles H. Work, Robert Works, George A. Wright, H. C. Wright, Warren Wrigley, Mrs. Charles W. Wupper, Benjamin F.
Yager, Mrs. Vincent Yerkes, Richard W. Yondorf, John David Yondorf, Milton S., Jr. Yorkey, Mrs. Margaret Young, B. Botsford Young, E. Frank Young. George W. Young, Hugh E.
Zabel. Max W. Zabel, Mrs. Max W. Zapel, Elmer J. Zerler, Charles F. Ziebarth, Charles A. Zimmerman, Herbert P. Zimmerman, Louis W. Zinke, Otto A. Zork, David
Abbott, W. Rufus Adams, Mrs. David T. Alford, Mrs. Laura T. C. Au.stin, E. F.
Banks, Edgar C. Blatchford, Carter Bloom, Mrs. I^eopold Brand, Mrs. Maude G. Brennwa.sser, S. M. Bryant, John J., Jr. Burke, Mrs. Lawrence N.
Deceased, 1950
Coffin, Fred Y. Colianni, Paul \'. Colvin. Mrs. William H. Compton, Frank K. Cornell, Dr. P>iward L. Curran, Harry R.
Davis. Dr. Carl B.
Deneen. Mrs. Charles S. Dryden, Mrs. George B.
Eckstein, Mrs. Louis
Fecke, Mrs. Frank J. Foster, Volney
Girard. Mrs. .\nna Goehst, .Mrs. John Henry Gradle, Dr. Harry S. Gunthorp, Walter J.
Hagner, Fred L. Hammond. Thomas S. Hardie, George F. Higgins, John
1:0
ASSOCIATE MEMBERS {Continued)
Hinkle, Ross 0.
Jacobs, Hyman A. Johnson, Arthur L. Joyce, Joseph
Karcher, Mrs. Leonard D. Keeney, Albert F. Kellogg, John L. Kintzel, Richard
Lauter, Mrs. Vera Ligman, Rev. Thaddeus Loeb, Mrs. A. H. Loeb, Leo A. Lovell, William H. Lurie, H. J.
Moore, C. B. Morrisson, James W.
Mulligan, George F. Musselman, Dr. George H.
Nelson, N. J.
Osborn, Mrs. Gertrude L. Otis, Ralph C.
Perry, Dr. Ethel Petersen, Dr. William F. Pool, Marvin B. Purdy, Sparrow E.
Russell, Paul S.
Schwarzhaupt, Emil Sherman, Mrs.
Francis C., Sr. Spohn, John F.
Sturm, William G. Sutcliffe, Mrs. Gary
Templeton, Mrs. WiUiam Teter, Lucius Thomas, Frank W.
Valentine, Joseph L. Vehon, Morris
Wallerich, George W. Walsh, Miss Mary Washburne, Clarke Waud, E. P.
West, Miss Mary Sylvia Whealan, Emmett P. Whittier, C. C. Wilson, Percy Winston, Mrs. Bertram M.
NON-RESIDENT ASSOCIATE MEMBERS
Those, residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, who have contributed $50 to the Museum
Baum, Mrs. James Brigham, Miss Lucy M.
Lindboe, S. R.
Meevers, Harvey
Mitchell, W. A. Porter, Dr. Eliot F.
Niederhauser, Homer Stevens, Edmund W.
Phillips, Montagu Austin Trott, James Edwards
SUSTAINING MEMBERS
Those who contribute $25 annually to the Museum
Bingham, Carl G. Burke, Robert L.
Caples, William G. Crooks, Harry D.
Holmblad, Dr. Edward C. Huggins, G. A. Hunt, George L.
Kroehler, Kenneth
Laing, William Lessman, Gerhard Levi, Julian H.
Mabson, Miss Eugenie A. McLennan, Mrs. Donald R., Sr. Moore, Chester G.
Pope, John W.
Raymond, Dr. Albert L.
Scott, Willis H. Seeburg, J. P., II Simpson, Lyman M. Smith, J. P.
Targes, Joseph
Williams, Rowland L. Wilson, D. H.
ANNUAL MEMBERS
Those who contribute $10 annually to the Museum
Abbell, Joseph J. Abbell, Maxwell Abbott, Edmund B. Abbott, Mrs. Howard C.
Abbott, Mrs. John Jay Abeles, Alfred T. Adam, R. R. Adams, Cyrus H.
Adams, Cyrus H., Ill Adams, F. W. Adams, Harvey M. Adams, Hugh R., Jr.
121
ANMAL MKMnKKS K^oudnued)
Addison, Mirhaol E. Adrsko, Mrs.
Thinidt'us V. Adsit. Harold C. Agar, Mrs. John T. Agar, Mrs. Stearns AKuiiialdo. Mi.s,s Carmen Alhad.'. Wells T. .MbifZ. Cieorge AlbriRht, Mrs. Ivan Alderdyce. P. I). Ale.ssio, Frank Alfjer, Frederick W. Allais, Mrs. Arthur L. Allen, Albert H. Allen, Amos G. Allen, Frank W. Allen, Joseph M. Allen, Mrs. T. George Allincham, N'orman C. Alton, Rf)hert Le.slie AmherR, Harold V. .\mberg, Mi.ss Mary
.Agnes .\nieismaier, Julius .Vmerican, John G. Amtman, Dr. Leo Anderson, George C. Anderson, Hugo A. .\ndresen, Hilniar A. .\nning, H. K. .Anthonv, Miss Helen Appel, Dr. David M. Arado, A. D. Arden, Percy H. ArnkolT, Dr. Morris Arnold, Mrs. Hugo F. Arnold, Robert M. Arthur, Robert S. Arthur, Mrs. W. R. Arvev, Mrs. Jacob M. Ashcraft, Edwin .M.. Ill Atwood, Carl K. Auerbach, Henry B. Augustiny, Edward D. Austerlade, William R. .\ustin, Edwin C. Austin, Dr. Margaret
Howard Austrian, Mrs. H. S. Avery, Guy T.
Babbitt, Mrs. Ross M. Bach man, E. E. Bacon, R. H. Badgerow, Harve Gordon Baer, .Vrthur A. Bailey, Warren G. Baird, E. E. Baker, Mrs. Marion
Herbert Baldwin, C. M.
Baldwin. John R. Walsh Balfanz. Henrv W. Ballard, Mrs. E. S. Bankard, E. Hoover, Jr. Barbee, Beatrice Barber, H. B. Bard. Albert T. Bar<l. Ralph .Austin, Jr. Bard. \{i>v E. Hardwell," William U. Barker, C. R. Barker, Charles P. Barker. E. C. Barker, James M. Harkhausen, Mrs.
Henry G. Barnes, Mrs. Harold
Osborne Barnes, William H. Barnow, David H. Haroody, K. T. Barr, Charles L. Barrett, Miss Adela Barrett, Lawrence H. Barriger, John W., Ill Barron, Maurice J. Barry, Gerald A. Bartholomay, Henry C. Bart holomay, William, Jr. Bart let t, George S. Bartoli, PVter Ba.ss, Charles Ba.st, O. D. Bates, Dr. A. Allan Baukus, J. Algert Bauman. P. J. Bauman, Walter J. Baumgardncr, H. L. Baxter, C. R. Bay, Dr. Emmet B. Beach, George R., Jr. Beall. R. M. Beamsley, Foster G. Bean, F'errel M. Beatty, Ross J., Jr. Beaumont, D. R. Beaven, Joseph C. Bechtner, Paul Becker, David Becker, Mrs. George A. Beckwith, William J. Beelman, Hugh C. Beers-Jones, L. Beilin, Dr. David S. Bell, Herbert E. Beman, Lynn W. Bender, Mrs. Charles Benedek, Dr. There.se Benesch, .Mfred Ben^tson, J. Ludvig Benjamin, Mrs. Bert R. Benjamin, Edward
Benner, Miss Harriet Bennett, Dwight W. Bennett, .Myron M. Bennett, R.J. Bennett, Richard M. Bennett, Robert C. Jr. Bensinger. Robert F. Benson. .Arnon N. Benson. .Martin E. Benson, Miss Mildred W. Here, Lambert Berg, F.ugene P. Berger, R. O. BfTgfors, Emery E. Berk, Benjamin Berner, (ieorge Bernstein, George E. Beutel, Henrv J. Beven, T. D. Bianco, Mrs. Mildred M. Biddle, Robert C. Bidwell. Dr. Charies L. Bielefeld, Herbert J. Bigelow, Miss
Florence E. Biggio, Mrs. Loui.se T. Birchwood, Dr. Eugene Bird. Miss Anne Birk, Meyer
Birmingham, Frederic A. Bishop, James R. Bishop, Mi.ss Ruth Bissel, Otto Bjork, Eskil I. Bjorkman, Carl G. Black. E. D. Black. John D. Blackburn. John W. Blaine. James B. Blair, John P. Blair. Mrs.
Wm. McCormick Biai.se, Mrs. Frank J. Blake, Arthur T. Blanksten, Mrs.
Samuel B. Blecha, Miss Loraine Blitzsten, Dr. X. Lionel Block, Mrs. Joseph L. Blomquist, Alfred Bloom, H. L. Bloom, Mrs. I>eon D. Blumberg, Nathan S. Blume, Ernest L. Blumenthal, Barre Blunt, Carleton Bodfish, Morton Bohlin, Ivouis E. Boitel, A. C. Bokman, Dr. A. F. Bond, William Scott Bonfield, Mrs. Paul H.
ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued)
Bonfig, Henry C. Bonk, Joseph E. Booth, Sheldon M. Boothby, Donald Borinstein, Marcus E. Borland, Mrs.
John Jay, III Borland, William F. Borrowdale, Thomas M. Both, Mrs. WilHam C. Bouris, George C. Bourke, Dr. Henry P. Bowersox, W. A. Bowes, Harlowe E. Bowes, W. R. Bowles, H. S. Bowman, Jay Boyd, B. W. Boyd, Darrell S. Boyd, Miss Helen Boyer, Miss Olga C. Bradburn, Robert F. Bradford, Miss Jane Marian Bradley, Charles C. Bradley, Dr. Garnet Brady, Harold Brandel, Paul W. Brando, Marlon Brandt, Fred T. Brandt, Mrs. Robert C. Bratton, L. G. Braudy, Mrs. Louis C. Braun, Mrs. James Burton
Braun, Martin H.
Breckinridge, Miss Mary
Breen, James W.
Bremner, Dr. M. D. K.
Brennan, B. T.
Brennan, John C.
Brenza, John B.
Breslin, Dr. Winston L
Brice, Mrs. Edward Earle
Brichetto, John L.
Bridgeman, Wallace C.
Briede, Henry J.
Briggs, Edward A., Jr.
Briggs, George L.
Briggs, J. H.
Briggs, Ralph E.
Bright, Mrs. Orville T.
Brock, Edson M.
Brodie, Dr. Allan G.
Brooks, Edward P.
Brown, A. P.
Brown, Adelbert
Brown, Alexander
Brown, Baird
Brown, Cameron
Brown, Garfield W.
Brown, Mrs. George W. Brown, H. Templeton Brown, Mrs. Isidore Brown, Paul W. Brown, William W. Browning, John T. Bruce, A. D. Bruce, Harley N. Bruce, Ralph R. Brucker, Dr. Matthew W. Bruckner, Frederick J. Brugaletta, John Brunker, Albert R. Bruns, Herman H. Bryan, Charles W., Jr. Brye, Edvin Buchanan, J. H. Bucklen, Harley R. Budd, John M. Budlong, Robert Davol Bulk, George C. Bulfer, Dr. Andrew F. Bulger, Thomas S. Bunn, B. H. Burch, A. T. Burckert, F. D. Burdick, Charles B. Burgee, Joseph Z. Burke, James E. Burkill, Edward W. Burnap, Carl Burnet, Mrs. W. A. Burns, J. Forbes Burns, O. R. Burns, Patrick C. Burns, Peter T. Burris, Miss Mary H. Burrows, Arthur A. Burtis, Clyde L. Burtis, Guy S. Burtness, Harold William Burton, OHver M. Busch, Francis X. Butler, Burtram B. Butler, Chester L. Butler, Horace G. Butler, John C. Byerrum, R. O. Byrnes, William Jerome
Cabeen, Richard McP. Cadwell, Charles S. Caesar, O. E. Caiazza, Theodore M. Callan, T. J. Calvin, Frank J. Cameron, Anson W. Cameron, John W. Cameron, William T. Camp, Mrs. Ruth Orton Campbell, Charles H. Campbell, Chesser M.
Campbell, Donald F., Jr. Campbell, G. Murray Campbell, John B. Cantwell, L. Yager Capek, Charles A. Carl, Otto Frederick Carlington, William M. Carlisle, Mrs. William T. Carlton, Mrs. Frank A. Carney, Robert F. Carp, Joseph T. Carpenter, John Alden Carqueville, Charles Carr, George Wallace Carroll, Albert Carroll, James J. Carroll, Martin F. Carstens, Edward E. Carstens, Milton S. Carter, C. B. Casella, Mrs. Caroline Casey, C. L. Caspers, Paul Cassady, Thomas G. Cassetty, Rev. W. M., Jr. Cassinerio, Mrs. Edna D. Cathcart, Mrs. James A. Cedarburg, Miss
Blanche C. Cervenka, John A. Chace, Thomas B. Chadwick, T. R. Chambers, Overton S. Chandler, Dr. Fremont A. Chapman, Dave Chapman, James Chapman, Ralph Chapman, Richard R. Chappell, V. F. Chase, Edward G. Cheskin, David B. Chesler, Morton C. Childs, Leonard C. Chinn, M. E. Chirich, Zarko Chor, Dr. Herman Chrisos, Dr. Sam S. Chrissinger, Horace B. Christopher, Dr. G. L. Cilella, Alfred J. Citterman, Solomon Clancy, Gates W. Clancy, John D., Jr. Clark, Claude T. Clark, Glenn A. Clark, James H. Clark, Dr. James Wilson Clark, Miss O. M. Clark, Mrs. Ralph E. Clark, Robert H. Clarke, Mrs. A. S. C. Clarke, David R.
123
AN.NL AL MKMUKKS U'untinued)
Clarke, Mrs. Thilip R. CU'riu-nson, Harry \\ . Clements, J. A. Cleveland, Chaster \V. eleven, Peter H. Clifford, J. S. Clifton, C). \V. Clizhc. Mrs. F. O. Clonick. Ht'rhort J. Cloud, Marion I). Clovis, Paul C. Clow, J. Beach Clow, Kent S. Cobl)e>', J. A. Coen, Thomas M. Cohen, Archie H. Cohen, Harry Cohen, Louis L. Cole, Cornelius C. Cole, Mi.ss Marion W. Coleman, Harry M. Collier, John H. Collins, Arthur W. Collins, Mrs. P>ank P. Colvin, Miss Bonnie Combs, Karle M., Jr. Condee, Elbridge H. Condon, E. J. Conn, Warner S. Connors, Mrs. Thomas A. Consoer, Arthur \V. Cook, David C, III Cook, Junius F., Jr. Cook, Leslie H. Cook, Wallace L. Cooke, Thomas Edward Cooper, S. Robert Cooperman, Mi.ss Lynn Corbett, Oliver J. Corcoran, Thomas J. Corey, Ernest F. Corli.ss, Allen G. Cornelius, Mrs. R. W. Cornwell, Dr. H. J. Cotterman, L D. Coutney, Worth C. Covington, John R. Cowles, Alfred Cox, Arthur M. Cox, Henry L. Coy, C. Lynn Crage, Dr. Francis M. Cragg, Mrs. George L. Cram, Mrs. Norman Crean, Dr. C. L. Cremer, Carl Cretors, C. J. Crew, Ben L. Crofoot, Mrs. Mary Crowell, Dr. Bowman
Corning Crowley, C. A.
Crowley, S. J. Culbert.son, James (J. Cullinan, CJcorge J. Culpepper, Dr.
William L. Culver, Bernard W. Culver, Syflney K. ("ummings, Dexter Cummings, Edward AL Cummings, Nathan Cummins, Dr.
George .\L, Jr. Cump, Percy W., Jr. Cuneo, Francis J. Cunningham, Robert .M. Curtis, John G. Curtis, Paul Cushman, Dr. Beulah Cushman, Robert S.
Dahl, William G. Dallwig, P. G. Daly, James J. Darby, Raymond J. Daspit, Walter David, J. Philip David, Sigmund W. Davidson, David K. Davidson, Louis G. Davis, Mrs. Charles P. Davis, Charles S. Davis, David Davis, Mrs. DeWitt, III Davis, George T. Davis, Paul H. Davis, Ralph W. DeCosta, H.J. Dee, P. J. Deeming, W. S. Defrees, Donald Dekker, Mi.ss Louise Delafield, Richard M. DeLong, J. I. DeMotte, R. J. DeParcq, William H. DePencier, Mrs.
Joseph R. D'Esposito, Joshua Deuell, Mrs. Thomas Deverv, John J. DeWitt, E. J. Dick, Airs. Edison Dick, Mrs. Robert F. Dicken, Mrs. Clinton O. Dickens, Robert Sidney Dickerson, Earl B. Dieckmann, Mi.ss
Millian Diehl, E. E. Diggs, Dr. N. Alfred Dilibert, S. B. Diller, Neal V.
Dillon, W. M. Dinkelman, Harry Dixon, Mrs. Wesley M. Di.xson, Mrs. V. B. Dobkin, I. Dodd, Walter F. Doderlein, Roger W. Dodson, Rev. Dwight S. Dolan, Tom Doike, W. Fred Donahue, f'lmer W. Doolittle, John R. Dorpols, P>ank L. Dor.sey, John K. Dos^, Raymond W. Dougherty, Mrs. Jean E. Douglas, William C. Dougla.s-s, F. S. I)ougla.ss, Dr. Thomas C. Dovenmuehle, George H. Dowd, Mrs. FVank J. Downing, Dr. James R. Downs, Mrs. Cecil James Downs, Charles S. Downs, James C, Jr. Doyle, Mi.ss Alice M. Drago, Mi.ss Ro.se Ann Drake, Charles R. Drake, G. T. Drake, L. J. Draper, Henry P. Dre.s.sel, Charles L. Dreyfus, Maurice M. Driscoll, Robert Drummond, John M. Dry, Meyer Dubin, Joseph Dudak, Paul Duggan, Charles F. Dulsky, Louis Dunigan, Edward B. Dunkleman, Gabriel Dunlap, George G. Dunphy, Charles S. Dunwody, A. B. Durham, R. Gregory Durham, R. J. Duval, Dr. I>mile C. Duval, Nathaniel E. Dvonch, Dr. William J.
Earl, Howard Granger Earland.son, Ralph O. Early, Preston H. Eben, Mrs. A. Bradley Eckhouse, George H. Eddv, Alfred K. Eddy, Philip E. Edel.son, Dave Edelstone, Benjamin J. Edgerly, Daniel W. Edmonds, Robert K.
1:4
ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued)
Egan, A. J. Eiger, Richard Norris Eisenberg, David B. Eismann, William Elden, A. D. Eldred, Mrs. Harriot W. Elkan, Leo H. Ellington, J. E. Elliott, Dr. Arthur R. Elliott, Mrs. Edwin P. Ellis, Hubert C. Elmer, Miss Lulu S. Elson, Alex Emch, Arnold F. Emery, DeWitt Emery, Mrs. Fred A. Endicott, DeWitt Engebretson, Einar N. Engh, Arthur C. English, Miss Frances C. English, Roger M. Epstein, Mrs. Arnold Erickson, L. Hyland Eshbaugh, C. Harold Essley, E. Porter Estey, F. Clifford Etheredge, Gilbert Evans, Thomas W. Evers, John W., Jr.
Fager, Raymond Alton Fairman, Miss Marian Faissler, John J. Fallis, Mrs. J. M. Falls, Dr. F. H. Fantus, Ernest L. Farin, Sheridan E. Farmans, Dr. Michael S. Farmer, Dr. Chester J. Farnsworth, Mrs.
George J. Farrell, Mrs. Ernest H. Farwell, Albert D. Farwell, Mrs. Arthur Faulhaber, John M. Fellers, Francis S. Fenn, John F. Fensholt, A. H. Ferguson, J. F. Ferguson, H. K. Ferrara, Salvatore Ferry, Mrs. Frank Fiala, Joseph F. Field, Mrs. James A. Field, John S. Field, Mrs. William A. Fields, Sidney M. Fifer, Russell Fifielski, Edwin P. Finlay, Henry A., Jr. Finlav, James H. Finn."B. L.
Fischer, Mrs. Louis E. Fischer, Mrs. Robert J. Fish, Mrs. Sigmund C. Fisher, C. P. Fisher, G. Howard Fisher, Ira L Fisher, Maurice Fisher, Nathan Fishman, Samuel Fitzgerald, Dr. J. E. Fitzgerald, R. W. Fitzmorris, Mrs.
Charles C, Sr. Fitzpatrick, James J. Fitzpatrick, W. J. Fletcher, Joseph Fletcher, R. F. Flick, Frank Floreen, Adolph R. Florsheim, Leonard S. Foley, Dr. Edmund F. Foley, Frank J. Foote, Eric C. Forth, Milburn L. Fortin, Joseph T. Foss, Allan A. Foster, George P. Foster, Mrs. Kellam Foster, Robert S. Fouche, Mrs. G. R. Fowler, Clifford C. Fowler, Mrs. Earle B. Fowler, Edgar C. Fowler, Rev. George A. Fowler, Walter E. Fox, Clarence E. Fox, George E. Frank, Augustus J. Frank, Clinton E. Frank, Marvin Frank, Raymond W. Frankenbush, O. E. Frankenstein, Rudolph Franz, Herbert G. Frasier, Richard C. Frazee, Seward C. Fredrick, Erwin G. Freeman, Charles Y., Jr. Freeman, David A. Freeman, Thomas B. Freeto, Clarence E. Fremont, Miss Ruby Freund, Mrs. I. H. Friedberg, Dr.
Stanton A. Friedeman, Richard F. Frieder, Edward Friedlob, Fred M. Friedman, J. L. Frothingham, Mrs.
Naneen R. Fugard, John R.
Fuhrer, Max Fuhrv, Joseph G. Fuller, C. C. Fuller, Mrs. Eugene
White Furey, Dr. Warren W. Furth, Lee J.
Gabel, Walter H. Gage, John N. Gaiennie, L. Rene Galanti, Mrs. Charles P. Gale, Abram Gale, M. J. Gallauer, William Galloway, Dr. Charles E. GaMache, Louis L. Gamrath, Elmer H. Gans, Mrs. Doris
Coleman Gardner, Miss Blanche Gardner, Fred F. Garman, Earl M. Garrick, Dr. Samuel Gary, Charles V. Gary, Theodore S. Gatenby, John W., Jr. Gatzert, Mrs. August Gaudio, Charles C. Gaylord, Mrs. Sol H. Geiger, Joseph S. Geis, George D. Gekas, John C. Gelder, Miss Madeline Gendel, Paul Genther, Charles B. Geraghty, James K. Geraghty, Mrs.
Thomas F. Gerow, Theron G. Gerrard, J. M. Gettleman, Samuel R. Getz, Oscar Gianaras, Alec K. Gibbs, A. E. Gibson, Paul Gidwitz, Gerald Gilchrist, C. T. Giles, Dr. Chauncey D. Gill, Joseph L. Gillett, W. N. Gillies, Fred M. Gilroy, John F. Girvin, Ramon B. Gitelson, Dr. Maxwell Gits, Mrs. Remi J., Sr. Glade, George H., Jr. Glader, Frank J. Glassford, Gordon L. Glatte, Havden A. Glen, Harold V. Glick, Louis G.
125
ANNIAI. MKMHKRS {Continued)
Glover, Chpsier L. (lohli'. G. B. Goblt", Lawn'ru-e E. Goder, Joseph Godey, John W. Goes,' Otto W. Goessele, John H. Gootz. Carl 1-. Golan, Sanun'l 1-. (ioldhiTK. Bert rand Golden, .Mrs. Sainufl M. (;oldirh, David K. Goldschmidt, M. Goldstein, Hr. Ahraliain Goldstein, Mrs.
Benjamin F. Goldlhorp. Or. Ellswortli Golman, Joseph J. GoniberK, Or. Harry Gonnertnan, Mrs.
Allan W. Good, Charles E. Goodall, John C. Goodhar, Harrv L. Goodhart. Mrs". H. J. Goodman, Ralph L. Goodman, Mrs.
William D. Goodrich, .Miss Josephine Goodrich, Miss Juliet T. Goodson, Orr Goodwin, Ma.xwell A. Gordon, .Mrs. Arthur Gordon, Edward Gordon, Leonard Gordon, Dr. .Marion Lee Gordon, Milton Gordon, Xorman Gourfain, A. S., Jr. Grace, Mrs. Harriet W. Grafts, Herbert Grape, William Graham, Hrrett O. Graham, John L. Grauer, Milton H. Graw, Harry J. Gray, A. S.
Green, Mrs. Dwight H. Green, Norman C. Greene, Dr. Charles F. Greenhouse, Jacob Greenlee, William B. Gregg, John P. Greig, Dr. H. Wallace Grein, Joseph Griglik, Casimir Grimes, J. Frank Grinnell, Robert L. Groble, Edward B. Grochowski, Mrs. G. S. Groebe, Louis G. Groenwald, F. A.
(irosl)erK, Charles ( I rove, C. G. Grove, .Mi.ss Helen H. Gruen<lel, Mrs.
George H. Grunlee, Sigwald C. (iudis, Theodore B. Gumbinger, Mi.<« Dora Gurley. F. G. Gutgsell, Mrs. Emil J. Guthenz, S. M. Guthrie, S. .\shley
Hachmeister, .\. W . Haddad, Gt-orge .1. Haddow, William Haeger. E. H. Hagenah, William J., Jr. Hagerty, Walter H. Hagey, Harry H., Jr. Hagey, J. F. Hagg, .Arthur H. Hagstrom, Jo.seph G. Haigh, D. S. Haines, Mrs. James J. Hall, Arthur B. Hall, Cameron A. Hall. Miss Eliza P. Hall, Harrv Hall. Louis W. Halperin, .Arthur Halperin, Robert S. Ham, Mrs. Harold Hamill, Dr. Ralph C. Hamill. Mrs. Robert W. Hamilton, .Mrs.
Gurdon H. Hamm, George A. Hammel, W. F., Jr. Hammond, Dr. Re.x D. Hammond, William NL Hampson, Philip Handtmann, G. E. Hannaford, Mi.ss
Mildred L. Han.sen, Helmer Hanson, Miss NLirion Harbinson, David K. Harding, Carroll Rede Harding, William H. Hardwicke, Harry Hardv, Julian H. Hardy, Mrs. L. Martin Hargrave, Homer P. Hargreaves, Thomas H. Harig, Herbert ILirman, Dr. Hubert F. Harrington, George Bates Harris, Benjamin R. Harris, .Mrs. Mortimer B. Harris, R. Nei.son Harrison, Dr. R. Wendell
I a pshaw, .Mvron T.
lart, .Mrs. IL G.
lart, Louis E.
lartman, .Mrs. Irvin H.
lartman, Milton C.
Lirtung. Mi.s,s Elizabeth
larvey, Byron S.
iarvev, George W., Jr. Harvey, .Mrs. Harold B.
larvey, James D.
lasbrook, Howard F.
Liskell, Clinton H.
Liskins, Robert E.
laskins, .Mrs. William J.
Ia.s.sell, Warren S.
Listings, .Mrs. James E.
Listv, Llovd
Lit field. W. A.
lathawav, .Mrs. Carter "H.
I at t is, Robert E. Hattstaedt, Mrs. John J.
iaubrich, Harold F.
Liupt. Henrv H.
Liuser. Dr. Emil D. W.
Liusman. Dr. Charles ^L Hauter, Mrs. A. N. Havelaar, W. C. Hawkes, Joseph B. Hawkinson, Dr. Oscar Hawley, Frederick W., Jr. Hawthorne, Vaughn R. Hayes, Daniel T. Haynes, Charles Webster Haynes, Frank .\L Haynes, Gideon, Jr. Haynes, John Thompson Haynes, L. S. Haynes, Louis F. Haynie, R. G. Hazel, Dr. George R. Hazen, Theodore D. Head, James D. Heald, Mrs. Henrv T. Hechler, Mrs. William D. Heckel, Edmund P. Hedges, Dr. Robert N. Hedlv, Arthur H. Hedrich, Mrs. Otto H. Heifetz, Samuel Heinze, .Mrs. Be,ssie
Neuberg Helgason, .\rni Heller, H. (L Henderson, B. E. Henderson, G. B. Henderson, Kenneth NL Henke, Frank X.. Jr. Hennemever, Dr.
Rudolph J. Henner, H. L Henner, Dr. Robert
126
ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued)
Hennessey, William S. Henriksen, H. M. Herbert, W. T. Herbst, LeRoy B. Hertz, J. H. Hesse, Dr. Paul G. Hesseltine, Dr. H. Close Hetreed, Dr. Francis W. Hibben, Joseph W. Hildebrand, Walter H. Hill, Carlton Hill, Mrs. Cyrus G. Hill, Miss Meda A. Hilton, Edward L. Hilton, Henry Mark Hines, Charles M. Hinman, Sherwood V. Hirsch, Edwin W. Hirtenstein, Robert E. Hitchings, LeRoy K. Hoag, Mrs. Junius C. Hoag, Dr. Walter C. Hoban, Dr. Eugene T. Hobbs, Mrs. J. P. Hobbs, Russell D. Hochfeldt, William F. Hodgman, Charles R., Jr. Hoefer, Max Hoffman, Joseph Hogenson, William Hogsten, Mrs. Yngve Hohman, Dr. Ned U. Hokenson, Gustave Hokin, Barney E. Holabird, Mrs. L B. Holabird, William Holcomb, Mrs. R. R. Holinger, Dr. Paul H. Holland, Jesse J. Hollar, Philip A. Hollender, Dr. S. S. Hollingbery, Mrs.
George P. Holloway, J. L. Holmberg, Adrian O. Holmberg, Clarence L. Homan, Joseph Homan, Max Hooper, A. F. Hooper, Henry, Jr. Hooper, Dr. J. Gerald Hopkins, Dr. M. B. Hoppe, Carl E. Horowitz, Charles I. Horton, Mrs. Arthur Horwich, Philip Horwitz, Irving A. Houda, Dr. Leo Hough, William J. Houha, Vitus J. House, Woodford W.
Howard, Mrs. Edith
Sackett Howard, Hubert E. Howe, Jonathan T. Howell, Mrs. Thomas M. Howson, L. R. Hoyt, N. Landon, Jr. Hubachek, Frank
Brookes Huber, Andrew V. Huch, Herbert F. Huddleston, J. W. Hudson, William J. Huettmann, Fred Hughes, Frank W. Huguenor, Lloyd B. Hulson, J. W. Humm, Mrs. Charles E. Humphreys, J. Ross Humphreys, Mrs.
Robert E. Hunnemann, Miss
Alma M. Hunt, Mrs. William 0. Hurlbut, Miss
Elizabeth J. Hurley, G. B. Hurley, Raymond J. Hurley, Stephen E. Hutchinson,
George A., Jr. Huxley, Henry M. Huxtable, Miss Barbara
Leslie Hynes, D. P. Hypes, S. L.
Iker, Charles
Ingalls, Mrs. Frederick A.
Jackett, C. A. Jackson, Byrne A. Jackson, W. H. Jacky, Frederick Jacoias, Nate Jacobson, Egbert Jager, Dr. Elizabeth Jalkut, Lee D. James, Ralph C. Jameson, A. R. Jenner, Mrs. Austin Jennings, Ralph C. Jensen, George P. Jesmer, Julius Job, Dr. Thesle T. Johanigman, S. E. Johnson, A. William Johnson, Miss Agnes E. Johnson, Alfred C. Johnson, Edmund G. Johnson, Dr. G. Erman Johnson, Julius
Johnson, Miss Mayde B. Johnson, Miss Millie C. Johnson, R. C. Johnson, R. W. John.son, Sidney R. Johnston, A. J. Johnston, Hulburd Jolls, Thomas H. Jones, Howard B. Jones, Owen Barton Jones, Mrs. Walter Clyde Joseph, Dr. Paul Judd, Mrs. Willis W. Julian, John A. Jung, C. C.
Kahler, William V. Kahoun, John A. Kamm, Harold J. Kampen, Lambert Kane, Daniel Francis Kane, Mrs. Marion O. Kanter, Dr. Aaron E. Kaplan, Samuel Karpen, Leo Karras, Sidney G. Kasbohm, Leonard H. Kaumeyer, Mrs. E. A. Kavanaugh, Miss Julia Kay, Joseph C. Kaye, Harry Keach, Benjamin Kearney, E. L. Kearns, Mrs. Jerry J. Keck, Mathew Keehn, L. D. Keeler, Mrs. Edwin R. Keeley, Robert E. Keene, William J. Keenev, Frank P. Keeton, Dr. Robert W. Keim, Melville Keith, Elbridge Kellar, Herbert A. Keller, L C. Keller, J. E. Keller, M. J. Kelley, Mrs. Phelps Kellogg, G. H. Kellogg, Harry E. Kellogg, James G. Kellogg, John Payne Kellv, Charles Scott KellV, T. L. KellV, Mrs. T. L. Kendall, G. R. Kennedy, J. G. Kennedy, James H. Kennedy, R. J. Kerr, Leslie H. Kidwell, James E. Kidwell, L. B.
127
ANNl AL MKMHKliS {Conlinued)
Ki<lwi-ll. Uichard K. Kilht-rry. F. U. Kilhourn, Mi'^s Ruth Kilf\v. Dr. Matthew .1. Kimball, Paul (1. Kimball. Mrs. Ralph R. Kimcs. (lorald C. KiMK. H. R. KiriK, •'■ .ViKlrpws Kins. Wilfr.'d J. KiiiK. Willard L. Kin^;han1, .1. .1. Kipp, LcsttT K. Kirl)y, Dr. William Kir.st, Lyman R. KlaRstad, Han)l<l L. Klapman, Philip \. Klawans, Lrslio H. Klofstad, Sievort Klein, Mrs. A. S. Klein, Dr. David Klein, Dr. F^mest L. Kleinfeld, J. Laurence Klemperer, Leo A. Kling, Leopold Kiutznick, Mrs.
Philip NL Knell. Boyd Knight, Dr. Alva A. Knisht, Lester R. Knourek, William NL Knowlson, J. S. Knowlton, John ^L Kno.x, Merrill B. Knutson, A. C. Koch, Carl Koehn, Carl W. Koenig, O. N. Kohn, Henry L. Kohn, Louis A. Kolhe, P>ank F. Kolkmeyer, Ralph W. Koliar, Dr. John A., Jr. Kopinski, Louis Kort, George Ko.s, Victor A. Kostrzewski, Dr. M. .1. Kotas, Rudolph J. Kraflt. Walter A. KraR, Franz K. Kramer, Herman J. Krane, I>eonard J. KrasberR, Rudolph Kratsch, Charles Krautter, L. ^Ll^tin Kre.sge, NL L. Krez, I^onard O. Krider, E. .\. Krinsley, Lazarus Kritchevsky, Jerome Krogh, E. E. Kroll, Harry
Kroll, .Morris Krotter, .Miss Nellie \\. KruRRcl, .Arthur Krumdieck, Leo Kruse, W. K. Kuehn, Mis.s Katherine Kuehn, ()swal<i L. Kuhticn, .Mrs. (leorgc H. Kuhns, .Mrs. H. B. Kuyper, Cieorge A.
Lacey. Mi.ss Clara R. Lachman, Hamlfj Laird, Robert S. Lancaster, A. Pope Landis, Sidney Lane, (Jeorge .A. Lane, Howard Lang, Eugene C. Langan, Harley B. Lange, \. d. Lange, Hugo C. Langen, Ray Langer, Joseph S. Langert, A. ^L Langford, Joseph P. Laramore, Florian E. Large, Judson Larkin, .Mrs. Walter D. Larsen, Roy R. Larson, Simon P. Lasch, Charles F. Lasch. Harrv Lash, Dr. A". F. Lavezzorio, \. J. Law, ^L A. Lay ton, Lewis Leahy, George J. Leander, Rus.sell J. Lechler, E. Fred Lee, .Miss Alice Stephana Lee, John H. Lee, Noble W. Lehman, O. W. Lehr, .\rthur Leibrandt, George F. Leighton, Robert Iveindecker, Charles L. Leiner, John G. Leith, John A. Leland, Samuel Leilo, Herbert F. Leonard, Arthur G., Jr. Levi, Stanley B. Levin, Mrs. Dorothy
Young Levin, Louis I>evin, Robert E. lyevine, William Levine, William D. Levitan, Moses
I/«'wendowski,
Sigmund W. I>ewis, B. F. I.K'wis, Mrs. Walker (J. Liebenow, J. Gus Lifv«"ndahl, Dr.
Richard A. Lind. Charles P. Lindar. .Mrs. Albert J. Linfli'll, Arthur G. Lindeman, John H. Lindsay, Mrs. Martin Linflsey, Dr. Maude L. Lindsley, A. J. Line, Dr. Eva J. Lingott, I^ichard H. Linn, Joseph NL Linthicum, J. Franci.s Lipman, .Abraham Lippincott. R. R. Lippman, Mrs. William Lipsey, Howard Lipshutz, Jo.seph Litschgi, Dr. J. J. Littman, Ben.son Llewellvn, Mrs. K. Lloyd. Carl S. Lloyd, Mi.ss Georgia Lock, Gilbert L. Lockefer, Frank V. Lockett, Harold Lockwood, Lawrence A. Lockwood, Maurice H. Loeb, Mrs. Erne.st G. Loebe, Edward E. Lofquist, Karl E. Logelin, Edward C, Jr. Lome, Philip Loomis, D. P. Loomis, Miss Marie Looney, Charles C. Loosii, Dr. Clayton G. Lorance, Mrs. Luther NL Lorber, Herbert J. Loughead, Mi.ss Ruth Loung, George, Jr. Love, John T. I.K)ve, John T. Lovejoy, Mrs. Winfred L. Loverde, Dr. Albert A. Low, John NL Lowrey, Forest R. Lowy, Walter H. Luflolph, .Arthur L. Lund, Harry A. Lundy, Dr. Clayton J. Lundy, Francis L. Lutterbeck, Dr.
Eugene F. Lydon, Eugene K. Lyon, Mrs. Jeneva A. Lyons, Philip
128
ANNUAL MEMBERS (Contmtied)
MacDonald, Mrs.
Victoria D. MacFarland, Hays Macfarland, Lanning Mack, John J. Mack, Joseph Mackenzie, Wentworth
Park MacKenzie, William J. MacKiewich, Justin MacLean, Mrs.
John A., Jr. MacLean, William P. Maddock, Mrs. Walter G. Magill, Miss Hallie Magnuson, Gustav V. Magnuson, Hugo E. Magnuson, Paul B., Jr. Mahler, L H. Maison, Mrs. L. G. Mall, Arthur W. Mallegg, O. 0. Manasse, DeWitt J. Mannette, Mrs.
Russell L. Manning, Mrs.
Herbert S. Manning, Dr. Paul D. V. Manno, Vincent P. Manz, George R. Manzelmann, George F. Marchant, Miss Lilian Marcus, Abel Maremont, Arnold H. Markman, Samuel K. Marling, Mrs.
Franklin, Jr. Marnane, James D. Marqua, P. J. Marquardt, Dr.
Gilbert H. Marquart, Arthur A. Marsh, E. S. Marshall, Charles A. Martin, Cecil Martin, Mrs. John
Sayre, Jr. Martin, Mrs. Leroy Marx, Archibald B. Maseng, Trygve Mastri, Dr. Aquil Masur, Dr. Wolfgang Matchett, Hugh M. Mathews, Henry T. Mathewson, Lynn L. Mathieu, Auguste Matthews, Francis E. Matthews, J. H. Maxon, R. C. Maxwell, Mrs.
Augustus K. May, Sol
Maybrun, Arthur E. Mayer, Edwin W. C. Maywald, Elmer C. McArthur, Mrs. S. W. McBride, W. Paul McBurney, Kenneth McCaffrey, J. L. McCallister, James
Maurice McCann, Charles J. McCarthy, Mrs.
Theris V. McClellan, John H. McCloud, Miss Edna W. McClurg, Verne O. McCollum, John P. McCoy, Charles S. McCracken, John W. McCracken, Kenneth McCreery, C. L. McCurdie, N. J. McDermott, Franklin McDermott, H. T. McDermott, William F. McDonald, John M. McDougal, Robert, Jr. McDuffie, George J. McEldowney, C. R. McErlean, Charles F. McGuigan, James V. McGuire, F. Willis McGuire, Simms D. McGuire, Thomas P. McHenry, Irving McHenry, Roland McKay, Dwight McKay, Miss Mabel McKee, Albert E. McKee, William F. McKellar, Archibald D. McKibbin, Mrs.
George B. McKittrick, C. E. McKy, Keith B. McLaughlin, A. G. McLaughlin, Mrs.
George D. McLaughlin, Dr.
James H. McLaughlin, L. B. McLaughlin, Luke Yore McLaughlin, William J. McLean, Dr. Helen
Vincent McLennan,
Donald R., Jr. McLennan, William L. McNamara,
Donald McC. McNamara, Robert C. McNamee, Miss Margie McNear, Everett C.
McNerney, Frank J. McPherson, David C. McSurely, Mrs.
William H. McWilliams, J. E. Meadors, Roy O. Meek, Miss Margaret E. Meers, Henry W. Megahey, Rev. Thomas J. Mehaffey, Robert V. Mehan, J. H. Meidell, Harold Meistrell, Frank J. Meiszner, John C. Melgaard, B. B. Mellinghausen, Parker Menendian, Dr. Rose Mentzer, John P. Mercer, John F. Merricks, Mrs. James W. Merritt, Thomas W. Mertz, Miss Henriette Mesirow, H. G. Metcoff, Eli Meyer, Albert F. Meyer, Mrs. Alfred C. Meyer, Stanton M. Meyer, Wallace Michael, C. H. Michels, Mrs. George W. Milbrook, A. T. Milhoan, F. B. Millard, A. E. Millard, Mrs. E. L. Miller, Dr. C. O. Miller, C. R. Miller, Chester M. Miller, Creighton S. Miller, Earl A. Miller, Ernest P. Miller, Gilbert H. Miller, Mrs. Grace
Edwards Miller, Mrs. Harvey O. Miller, John W. Miller, M. Glen Miller, Mahlon D. Miller, Oren Elmer Miller, R. W. Miller, Robert H. Miller, W. S. Miller, Willard M. Miller, William H. Milles, Leo H. Milliken, J. H. Minor, R. R. Mirabella, Mrs. S. F. Mitchell, Harry L. Mitchell, Mrs. James
Herbert Mitchell, Mrs. R. B.
129
ANNUAL MKMBEKS (Continued)
Mizfn, F'rpderic
Kimball Modrne, Oscar V. Mciench, Miss Malinda Mohn, Mrs. H. Harold MolL-ndorf. J. D. Molt.T, Harold Monsen, Myron T. Moore, Donald F. Mooro, Harold A. Moore, Dr. Josiali J. Moore, Kenneth \V. Moore, Lucien \V. Moore, Malcolm H. Moore, Oscar L. Moorman, Charles L. Moran, John T. Moreland, Jam(>s C Morey. Albert A. Morgan, P>ed C. Mork, P. R. Morris, Milton H. Morris, Sidney H. Morris, Sidney L. Morrissy, Eugene V. Morrow, C. Allen Mortvedt. Rev. Ariel O. Mo.ssman, John K. Moulder, P. V. Moustakis, Linton G. .Mudd. Mrs. J. A.. Jr. Mueller, Mrs. Florian F. Muench, C. G. Muench, Hans Muhs, G. F.
Mulcahy, Mrs. Michael F. Mulligan, Joseph B. Munnecke, Mrs.
Wilbur C. Munson, Lvle Muntz, Earl W. Murchison, T. E. Murdough, Thomas G. Murphy, J. P. Murphy, Morgan F. Murrav, Edwin A. Murray, M. W. Murray, William NL Nlusick, Philip Lee
Nabat, A. S. Xachman, H. S. NalTz, Mrs. L. E. Nafziger, R. L. Nash, R. D. Nath, Bernard N'au. Otto F. XetT. Ward A. Nel.son, Arthur W. Nel.son, Charles ^L Nelson, F^arl W. Nelson, Mrs. Henri K.
Nelson, R. E.. Jr. Nemer, Fred Nesbitt, Fred 11. Ness, J. Stanley Nettnin, U'R.)y H. Newberger, Ralph Newcomer, Mrs. Paul Newman, Charles H. Newman, Mrs. Jacob Newton. Dr. Roy C. Nice, Dr. 1^'onard B. Nicholson. Dr. F. .\L Nielsen, Aksel Nikopoulos, Georgi' .\. Ni.sen, Charles M. Noble, Daniel E. Noble, Guv L. Nolle, Mrs. Charles B. Norman, (lustave Norris, Mrs. James North, Mrs. F. S. North, Harold F. Norton, G. A. Novotny, Richard R. Noyes, W. Hamilton
Oberfelder, Joseph H. Oberhelman, Dr.
Harrv A. O'Brien, M. J. Ochsner, Dr. Edwarrl H. O'Connor, John J. O'Connor. P. K. O'Connor, P. T. Odell. Jo.seph R. Ogden. Walter Headden O'Hair, R. C. O'Hara, Arthur J. O'Hearn. Rev. John J. O'Keefe. John F. Olaison, Miss Eleanor O. Oleson, Philip H. Olin, ?]dward L. Oliver, Dr. Marguerite Olsen, Andrew P. Ol.sen, Dr. Charles W. Olsen, Oscar W. Ol.sen, Sigurd Ol.son, Albert M. Ol.son, Benjamin Franklin Ol.son, H. Ed.sall Omara, E. IL O'Neal, Wendell O'Neill, Dr. Eugene J. O'Neill, J. Vincent Orschel, Albert K. Orstrom, Albert Z. Osanai, Mrs. Mary NL Osborn, Cyrus R. Osborne, W. Irving, Jr. OssendorfT. Dr. K. W. Ostrander, E. L.
O'Sullivan, James J. Overen«l, Robert B. Owen, Mrs. Ralph W. Owens, Harry J.
Pacholke, Fred Painter, Sliss Marguerite Pallasch, I'aul V. Palmer, Curtis H. Palmerton. Mi.'vs R. Pandaleon, Costa A. Parker, Austin H. Parker, Mi.ss P:dith P. Parker, I^ee N. Parrott, George H. Parsino, Mrs. James Patch, A. Huntington Patterson, W. A. Patterson, William F. Patti, Dr. Angelo R. Patton, A. E. Patton, Ralph E. Paulev, Clarence 0. Paulus, Mrs. Max G. Pay.son, Randolph Peabody, Mrs.
Stuyvesant Pearce, Charles S. Pearson, Miss Agnes M. Peck. Mi.ss Constance L. Peck. Nelson C. Pederson. Alfred S. Peirce. NIrs. Clarence A. Pencik, Mrs. Miles F. Pendergast. Frank Penner, Louis L. Penner, Samuel Peponis, Arthur H. Perlman, Dr. Henrv B. Perlman, L B. Perlstein, Mrs. Harris Perreault, Earl E. Person, Dr. Allgot G. Peterkin, Daniel, Jr. Peters, Dr. Fredus N. Petersen, Lawrence A. Petersen, Niels Peterson, H. R. Peterson, V. W. Pettibone, Holman D. Pettingell, C. D. Pettinger, Andrew Pfaelzer, Mrs. Monroe Ptlager, Charles W. Phelps, Era.'^tus R. Phelps, William Henrv Phillips, Mrs. Howard C. Phillips, John Ward Phoenix, George E. Pickering, John E. Pier, H. .\L Piers, Dr. Gerhart
130
ANNUAL MEMBERS {Contitiiied)
Pike, Wayne S. Pillsbury, Mrs. Charles S. Pirofalo, James C. Pitt, A. A. Pletsch, George B. Pletz, S. R. Plocek, J. Louis Plummer, Daniel C, Jr. Plunkett, Paul M. Pollard, Willard L. Pollock, Mrs. Lewis J. Pond, Mrs. Harold M. Pontius, Mrs. G. V. Poole, Arthur B., Jr. Poore, Robert W. Pope, George J. Pope, Mrs. Henry, Jr. Pope, Mrs. S. Austin Pope, Sidney T. Porte, James J. Porter, Dr. George J. Post, Myron H. Potter, Howard L Power, John W. Powers, William F. Prada, William R. Praed, William G. Praeger, Charles H. Preble, Robert C. Preikschat, Raymond W. Press, Robert M. Presson, Gerald Preus, J. A. O. Price, Allen H. Price, Frederick J. Price, Griswold A. Price, Owen N. Priest, David Prince, Mrs. Arthur C. Prince, William Wood Prindiville, James A. Pritchard, N. H. Pritzker, Mrs. Jack Proby, Dr. Edmund A. Pruitt, Raymond S. Puestow, Dr. Charles B. Purcell, Dr. James W. Purdue, Miss Maude Purdy, John P. Purinton, Dr. Robert F. Puzey, Russell V.
Quackenbush, E. W. Quam, James P. Quan, John B. Queen, John W. Quetsch, L. J. Quisenberry, T. E.
Radack, Mrs. Dorothy W. Ragland, John M.
Ragland, T. C. Rambeau, William G. Ranney, Mrs. George A. Rappold, Samuel R. Rasmussen, Frank Rasmussen, L. M. Rau, John M. Rauh, Morris Ray, Harold R. Ray, Mrs. Herbert S. Raymond, Paul C. Rayner, Lawrence Reace, William T. Read, Freeman C. Ready, Charles H. Redding, George H. Reddy, Mrs. Philip J. Reed, Mrs. Frank C. Reed, L. F. B. Reese, William D. Regan, Mrs. Ben Regnery, Mrs. Henry Reich, Dr. Jerome B. Reicin, Frank E. Reid, Alf F. Reid, Bryan S., Jr. Reilly, David J. Reilly, George A. Reilly, W. J. Rein, Lester E. Reiner, John S. Reiser, Miss Irene K. Remien, Miss Marie
Katherine Render, Miss Forsythe Renken, Miss Martha Rentfro, Dr. Charles C. Replogle, Dr. Fred A. Ressler, Harold B. Reskin, Charles G. Reynolds, Milton Rhodes, Charles M. Rice, Dr. Frank E. Rich, Keith
Richards, Miss Irma L. Richards, Longley Richards, Oron E. Ricker, Jewett E. Ricks, Ivan Riedeman, H. T. Riggs, Mrs. Joseph A. Riley, John H. Rinaker, Samuel M. Ritter, Miss Lavinia Rivenes, A. I. Rivera, J. A. Roach, O. R. Robbins, Burr L. Robbins, Laurence B. Roberts, Harlow P. Roberts, J. K.
Robertson, Egbert Robertson, Theodore B. Robinson, Alan S. Robinson, Dr. M. J. Robinson, Thomas G. Robson, Mrs. Oscar Roche, Burke B. Roche, John Pierre Roden, Carl B. Rodger, John H. Rodwick, Frank P. Roefer, Henry A. Rogan, Walter E. Rogers, Mrs. Hopewell L. Rogers, Mrs. J. B. Rogers, Lester C. Rogers, Milton P. Rogers, Miss Suzanne Rogers, Thomas W. Roll, Earl D. Roman, B. F. Ronayne, James F. Ronning, Magnus I. Roos, Edwin J. Rose, Ben Rose, George Rose, Jack Rose, John W. Roseland, J. G. Rosenberg, Ben L. Rosenberg, Mrs.
Bernhard Rosenfels, Mrs.
Irwin S. Rosenson, Herzl Rosenthal, M. A. Ross, Dr. Chester John Ross, Earl Ross, Dr. Martin T. Ross, Mrs. Sophie S. Roth, Arthur J. Rothschild, Mrs.
Maurice L. Rowley, Fred C, Jr. Rowley, William F. Rozmarek, Charles Rubert, William F. Rubin, Edward P. Rudolph, Dr. A. H. Rudolph, Walter D. Ruehlmann, William R. Rugen, Fred A. Ruhl, Robert H. Ruhnke, George Runzel, William L., Jr. Ruskin, Mrs. Harry H. Rutherford, M. Drexel Ryan, Daniel B. Ryan, P. F. Ryder, F. W. Ryerson, Anthony M.
131
ANNUAL MKMHKHS (ronlhnted)
Saalfi'M. Harry H. Saariru'n, W. Sabin, Klx'n T. Saijcr, Mrs. S. Norman Sarit>riii, James V. Salomon, Ira Saltari'lli, Dr. Gabriel Salt id. Dr. Thomas P. Salzman, Philip H. Sampst'll, Mrs. Joseph C Saimu'ls, HeMJamin Sanborn. Mrs. V. C. San<h>l. Sirs. Clara San<lrok. Kdwani (I. Sant"ilip|)o. Joliii SatiKiiippo, Dr. Paul D. SanK. nernani (1. SanK. Philip D. Saucrman, John \. SawioUi, Mifhaol J. Savers. Mrs. A. J. Savre. Dr. Loren I). Scala. HuRo R. Soalbom, O. Trumbull Scalbom, Oscar L. Scanlan. Thomas P. Soarborough. Mrs. Henrv Sc-haar, B. E. Schaefer, Fred A. Schaefer, W. A. SchatTner, Arthur B. SchatTner, Miss Marion Soheiner, Miss Clara A. SchitT, Max Schiltz, M. A. Schipfer, Dr. L. A. Schlatter, Miss Nina I-]. Schlichter, Dr. Jakub G. Schlo.ssberg, Mrs. Harry Schlossman, Norman J. Schmidt, George A. Schmidt, John Schmidt, Mrs. Siegfried G. Schmus, Palmer F]. Schneider, Benjamin B. Schnering, Robert B. Schnute, Dr. William J. Schoch, M. G. Schoeneberger, Charles A. Schonthal, B. E. Schrader, John P. Schraeder, Harry H. Srhrager, Charles E. Schroeder, I/eo E. Schroeder, Werner W. Schuetz. Ralph E. Schulman. Harry Schultz. Chester H. Schultz. W. Norman Schultz. William H. Schulz, George H.
Schulze, Paul, Jr. Schumaker. E. C. Schureman. Jean E. Schuttler. .Mrs. Peter Schutz. Reuben .M. Schuyler, E. H. Schwartz, A. A. Schwartz. Edward H. Schwartz. .Milton H. Schwartz. Nathan IE Schwartz. Dr. Sti'ven C). Schwarz. Fred M. Schwemm, Earl .M. Sciaky, Sam Scofield, Clarence P. Scott, Mrs. Cortlandt N. Scott, Frederick IE Scott, George A. H. Scott, Mrs. Marion R. Scott, William Edouard Scott. Dr. Winfield W. Scovel. Harold F. Scrimgeour, Miss
Gladys M. Scudder, Mrs. William M. Scully, Charles F. Seaberg, Edward R. Seaholm, A. T. Seaman, H. Gilbert Seaman, Henry E. Seaverns, George A., Jr. Secord, Burton F. Seder, A. R. Segal, Mvron M. Selby, J."F. Selfridge, Calvin F. Sellers, Paul A. Senear, Dr. F. E. Serota, Dr. H. M. Se.xton, Mrs. Thomas G. Shafer, Walter S. Shaw, John I. Shaykin, Dr. Jacob B. Shearer, James, II Shedd, Mrs. Charles C. Shedd, JefTrev Sheldon, Walter M.. Jr. Sheridan. Eeo J. Sherman. H. C. Shlopack. Wallace B. Short. William H. Shrader, Frank K. Shreve, C. E. Shuman, John R. Sibley, Joseph C, Jr. Siebel, George E. Sieger, Joseph F. Sillani, Mrs. Mabel W. Silverstein. Milton Simpson, Bruce E. Sims, P'rank S. Sims, Paul K.
Sinaiko, Dr. Edwin S. Singer, Alt)ert H. Singer. William A. Sinnerud. Dr. U. P. Sit tier, Edwin C. Sittler, Dr. W. Walter Skirrow, Fred W. Sklar. N. Raoul Skoner, Chester Skudera, Mrs. Marie Slifka, George C. Slindee, Edward A. Sloan. William F. Sloup. Frank J. Smart. David A. Smerge. Raymond A. Smick. Robert W. Smith, George W. Smith. IE Kellogg Smith. Harold A. Smith. John F.. Jr. Smith. Joseph Herbert Smith, Monroe A., Jr. Smith, Robert C. Smolka, Oscar J. Snite, John T. Snow, Eendol D., Jr. Snvdacker, Mrs. E. F. Soilitt, Mrs. Ralph T. Sollitt, Sumner S. Somes, J. J. Soule, I>eo N. Soule, M. M. Spacek, I>eonard P. Spark, David I. Sparr, Mrs. Caroline H. Spaulding, Raymond C. Spear, A. E. Speed, Dr. Kellogg Spencer, Arthur T. Spencer. William N. Spiegel, Dr. I. Joshua Spiegel. Mi.ss
Katherine J. Spiegel, Mrs. Philip Spielmann, Will.son Sporrer, M. J. Springer, Clement F. Springsguth, Robert C. StatTel, Henrv E. StafTelbach, Earl T. Stagman, Dr. Joseph Stagman, Nathan Stahmer, George F., II Staller, Joseph H. Stamford, John Stanbery, J. N. Stanley, J. Paul Stanton. Edgar, Jr. Stanton, Mrs. Francis R. Stanton, Eyman A. Starbuck, J. C.
132
ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued)
Starrett, Miss Carolyn J. Starshak, A. L. Stathas, P. P. Staudt Mrs. Louis Steelman, Berton J. Steen, Enoch Steen, Prof. Julian J. StefTen, Charles Steffey, D. Earl Stein, Mrs. S. Sidney Steins, Mrs. Halsey Steinwedell, William Stephens, Paul Stern, David B., Jr. Stern, Herbert L. Stern, Herbert L., Jr. Stern, Jacob S. Steuer, Mrs. Joseph True Stevens, Mrs. Clement D. Stevens, E. W. Stevens, George A. Stevens, Mrs.
R. St. John Stevers, Martin D. Stewart, George R. Stewart, W. Ellis Stewart, William Scott Stiles, J. F., Jr. Stockton, Joseph D. Stoddard, Robert M. Stoddart, William M. Stoehr, Kurt Stolle, Arthur E. Stolp, John A. Stolz, Leon Stone, Dr. F. Lee Stone, Mrs. J. S. Storey, Oliver W. Storkan, Mrs. James Stormont, Dr. D. L. Storms, North Stout, Frederick E. Straka, Frank B. Stratton, Mrs. E. W. Stratton, Paul Stratton, Robert C. Straus, Mrs. Robert E. Stresenreuter, Mrs.
Charles H. Stresen-Reuter,
Frederick A. Strodel, F. A. Strohmeier, Dr. Otto E. Stuart, Lyman J. Stuart, Robert K. Stuart, William M. Stuenkel, Leon H. Stuermer, Ray Stumes, Charles B. Sudler, Carroll H., Jr. Suyker, Hector Swain, David F.
Sweet, Lisle W. Swift, Nathan B. Swift, T. Philip Sylvanus, Alfred Sylvester, Edmund Q. Sylvester, Dr. Emmy Sylvester, Miss Maria P. Symmes, William H. Symonds, Merrill Szymanski, Dr. Frederick J.
Talbot, Mrs. Eugene S. Tannenbaum, Dr.
Karl H. Tarnopol, Emil Tarrson, Albert J. Tartak, Mrs. Gertrude C. Tatge, Paul W. Tatman, George R. Tauber, Stewart Taussig, Noah William Taylor, Mrs. A. Thomas Taylor, Edward L. Taylor, Fitzhugh Taylor, George H. Taylor, Reuben C, Jr. Taylor, Mrs. Samuel G. Tegarden, J. E. Templeton, Kenneth S. Temps, Leupold Teninga, Alfred J. Tennev, Henry F. Thiele^ George C. Thillens, Melvin Thiry, George F. Thomas, G. fruman Thomas, Lee B. Thomas, Miss Martha Thompson, A. Mac Thompson, Bert A. Thompson, Mrs.
Florence S. Thompson, Dr.
Willard O. Thoren, Mrs. J. N. Thoresen, H. B. Thome, Mrs. Gordon C. Thorson, Reuben Throop, Mrs. George
Enos Timmings, G. H. Tippens, Mrs. Albert H. Todd, A.
Toepper, Edward F. Tonk, Percy A. Toomin, Philip R. Topaz, Martin Topolinski, J. J. Torosian, Peter G. Trager, D. C. Traub, A. C.
Traut, Bernard H. Traver, George W. Traynor, William B. Traynor, William
Knowlton TrefTeisen, Gustave Tregenza, A. E. Trimarco, Ralph R. Troeger, Louis P. Trumbull, Mrs.
Charles L. Trumbull, Robert F. Trumbull, William M. Tucker, Irwin R. Tucker, J. C. Turner, Dr. Herbert A. Tuteur, Charles Tuteur, Irving M. Tyler, Thomas S. Tyrakowski, Steven S. Tyrrell, Miss Frances
Ughetti, John B. Uhlmann, Richard F. Ullmann, S. E. Urban, Andrew Urban, Dr. H. J. Utley, Mrs. Clifton M.
VanBuskirk, M. G. Vanderkloot, Dr. Albert VanderKloot, Nicholas J. VanDeventer, William E. VanDyk, S. A. VanHoosen, Dr. Bertha VanKampen, A. H. VanMell, Herman T. VanNatta, V. R. VanSchaick, Mrs.
Ethel R. VanStraaten, Herbert VanVoorhies, Rousseau Varty, Leo G. Vastine, Lee B. Vaughan, Alan W. Velvel, Charles Vilsoet, William Vloedman, Dr. D. A. Vogel, James B. Vogel, Mrs. Leslie H. Vogt, Earle E. Voltz, D. H. Vose, Mrs. Frederic P. Vydra, Frank C. Vye, George P.
Wach, Dr. Edward C. Wade, Albert G., II Wadler, Milton Arnold Wagner, Richard Wahl, Herman L. Waite, Roy E.
133
ANMAL MKMIiKKS iCouliuHcd)
W'aldfck, Herman WaMman. Dr. AlluTt (I. Wales. Robert M. Walker, Dr. Alfred (). Walker, Frederick W., Jr. Walker, lieno R. Walker. Wendell Wall. Dr. Frank J. Wallace, Charles Ro.'W Wallen.stein, Sidney Waller, William, Jr. Wallerstein. David B. Wallvrren. Kric M. Walters, (larv (1. Walz, John W. Wanzer, Howard H. Wardwell, H. F. Ware, Mrs. Robert R. Ware, Willis C. Warner, Krnest N. Warner, Mason Washburn, Dr.
Kenneth C. Wasserman, Hy Wasson, Theron Waterstreet, W. Xeal Wat kins, Frank A. Wat ling, John Watson. David R. Watson, Xorman E. Watt, Herbert J. Way, Mrs. Henrv J. Wearv, Allen M.' Webb, Dr. Edward F. Webber. Harold H. Weber, James E. Webster, Dr. Augusta Webster, Frederick F. Webster, N. C. Wehmeier, H. A. Weidert, William C. Weigle, Mrs. Maurice Weiler, C. J. Weiner, Charles Weinre.ss, S. J. Weinzimmer, Dr. H. R. Weisbrod, Ma.x field Weismantel, Miss
There.sa A. Wei.ss, Alexander Wei t man, W. E. Weitzel. Carl J. Welch, M. W. Welfeld, Marvin J. Wellin, Harold Wells, C. A. Wells, F. Harris WelLs, Frank C. Wells, Henry L.
Barrett, Oliver R.
P4
Wendt. JMiuin H. Wenholz. Walter W. Wenninger. William C. Wescott, Dr. \irgil West, Jame.s D. West brook. Charles H. We.sterlin, .Mrs. J. M. Wetmt)re, Horace (). Wetten. Walton Wezeman, Frederick H. Wheeler, Mrs. Sevmour Wheelock, Mi.ss Ellen P. Whipple, Ciavlord C. Whipple, .Mrs. .M. Cox Whipple, .Miss \'elma D. Whiston, Frank .M. White, William J. Whitelock, John H. Whitfield, (leorge B. Whit more, Lvh' S. Whitnell. William W. Whitney, Mrs.
Charles R. Wholey, Mrs. Leota
(Iregory Wible, R. R. Wickersham, Mrs.
Lucille Wickland, Algot A. Wickman, C. E. Wilbur, Lawrence S. Wilby, A. C. Wilds, John L. Wiley, Mrs. Edwin G. Wilhite, James A. Wilk, Arthur E. Wilk, Dr. ClilTord M. Wilkinson, William D. Willard, Nel.son W. Williams, Albert W. Williams, .Mrs.
Allan C., Jr. Williams, Jay C. Williams, Lawrence Williams, Ralph E. Williams, Ru.s.sell V. Williamson, Henry T. Williamson, John T. Willis, Ivan L. Willott, Mrs. Adele Willy, Gustave J. Wilmarth, Donald G. Wilson, Allen B. Wilson, Arlen J. Wil.son, H. Fred Wilson, Percival C. Wilson, Dr. William Windchy, Mrs.
Frederick O.
Deceased, 1950 Bas, Marvin J.
Winsberg, Herbert H. Winsberg, Samuel Winston, Charles S., Jr. Winston, Mrs. Farwell Winterbotham, John R. Wise, James E. Wiseman, William P. Witt, Earl J. Wolchina, R. P. Wolf, Morris E. Wolf, Orrin E. Wolfe, Hubert J. WollT, Frank C. WoIlT, Oscar .M. Woofi, Eflward W. Wood, William A. Woodside, John T. Woofison. William T. Woodward, .Arthur H. Woodyatt, Dr. RoIIin
Turner Woolard, Francis C. Woolf, Lawrence A. Wooster, Charles C. Worthy, .Mrs. James C. Woulfe, Henry F. Wright, William Ryer Wrisiey, George A.
Vates, John E. Yohe, C. Lloyd Yonkers, Edward H., Jr. Vouker, Mrs. Claude W. Youmans, Mrs. M. A. Young, C. S. Young, Dr. Donald R. Young, J. H. Young, J. L. Youngberg, Arthur C. Youngren, W. W.
Zaczek, Mi.ss
Genevieve A. Zadek, Milton Zangerle, A. .Arthur Zaus, .Mrs. f^arl A. Zehr, Ores K. Zimmer, Harry L. Zimmerman, Austin M. Zimmerman, Carl Zimmerman, E. W. Zimmerman, Dr.
Harold W. Zimmerman, Preston Zimmermann, Mrs. P. T. Zipse, Edwin W. Zitzewitz, .Arthur F. Zolla, Abner NL Zurcher, Mrs. Victor K.
Byfield, Ernest L.
ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued)
Connolly, R. E.
Dempsey, John S. Dillbahner, Frank J.
Field, Mrs. Wentworth G.
Ganey, Miss Helen M.
Hardy, Edward K. Hills, Charles W.
Jarvis, William B. Jolly, John W. Joseph, Albert G.
Kinnett, D. H.
Larson, Elis L. Lichty, E. P.^ Lochridge, W. F.
McNally, Frederick L. Mills, Ben
Petersen, M. H. Poyer, Stephen A.
Randall, Frank A. ReQua, Mrs. Charles H. Robinson, Miss Nellie
Schenker, Ben W. Schwartz, Joseph Smith, H. S. Stahl, Felix B.
Witkowsky, James
135
Articles ot Incorporation
STATi: OK ILLINOIS
DErARTMENT OF STATE
William H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of State .
To All to Whom Thfxsk Presents Shall Come, Greetinc:
Whereas, a Certificate duly signed and acknowleflged having been filed in the (iffire of the Secretary of State, on tho Ifith dav of September, A.D. 1.S93, for the orKanization of the "COLrMni AN MrSKl'M OF CFIICACO, under and in accordance with the provisions of "An Act Concerning Corporations," approved April IS, 1S7"J, and in force July 1, 1S7J, and all acts amendatory thereof, a copy of which certificate is hereto attached.
Xoir, therefore, T. William H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of State of the State of Illinois, by virtue of the powers and fluties vested in me by law, do hereby certify that the said COLUMBIAN MUSP:rM OV CHICAGO is a legally organized Corporation under the laws of this State.
In Te.<timonii Whereof, I hereto .set my hand and cau.se to be affixed the Great Seal of State. Done at the City of SprinRfield, this lf5th day of September, in the year of our Lord one thou.sand eight hundred and ninety-three, anfl of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and eighteenth.
W. H. HINRICHSF.N, (Seal) Secretary of State.
TO HON. WTTJ.IAM H. HINRICHSEN,
Secretary of State: Sir:
We, the undersigned citizens of the United States, propo.se to form a cor- poration under an act of the General A.ssembly of the State of Illinois, entitled "An Act Concerning Corporations," approved April 18, 1872, and all acts amenda- tory thereof; and that for the purposes of such organization we hereby state as follows, to-wit:
1. The name of such corporation is the "COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO."
2. The object for which it is formed is for the accumulation and dissemi- nation of knowledge, and the pre.servation and exhibition of objects illustrating Art, Archaeology, Science and History.
3. The management of the aforesaid mu.seum shall be vested in a Board of Fifteen (15) Trustees, five of whom are to be elected every year.
4. The following named persons are hereby selected as the Tru.stees for the first year of its corporate existence:
Edward E. Aver, Charles B. Farwell, George E. Adams, George R. Da\'is, Charles L. Hutchin.son, Daniel H. Burnham, John A. Roche, M. C. Bullock. Emil G. Hirsch. Jame.s W. Ellsworth. Alli.son V. Armour, O. F. Aldis, Edwin Walker. John C. Black and Frank W. Gunsaulus.
5. The location of the Mu.'^eum is in the City of Chicago, County of Cook, and State of Illinois.
(Signed)
George E. Adams. C. B. Farwell, Sidney C. Eastman. F. W. Putnam, Robert McCurdy, Andrew Peterson, L. J. Gage, Charles L. Hutchinson, Ebenezer
136
Buckingham, Andrew McNally, Edward E. Ayer, John M. Clark, Herman H. Kohlsaat, George Schneider, Henry H. Getty, William R. Harper, Franklin H. Head, E. G. Keith, J. Irving Pearce, Azel F. Hatch, Henry Wade Rogers, Thomas B. Bryan, L. Z. Leiter, A. C. Bartlett, A. A. Sprague, A. C. McClurg, James W. Scott, Geo. F. Bissell, John R. W^alsh, Chas. Fitzsimmons, John A. Roche, E. B. McCagg, Owen F. Aldis, Ferdinand W. Peck, James H. IDole, Joseph Stockton, Edward B. Butler, John McConnell, R. A. Waller, H. C. Chatfield-Taylor, A. Crawford, Wm. Sooy Smith, P. S. Peterson, John C. Black, Jno. J. Mitchell, C. F. Gunther, George R. Davis, Stephen A. Forbes, Robert W. Patterson, Jr., M. C. Bullock, Edwin Walker, George M. Pullman, William E. Curtis, James W. Ellsworth, William E. Hale, Wm. T. Baker, Martin A. Ryerson, Huntington W. Jackson, N. B. Ream, Norman Williams, Melville E. Stone, Bryan Lathrop, Eliphalet W. Blatchford, Philip D. Armour.
State of Illinois i
y- SS.
Cook County '
I, G. R. Mitchell, a Notary Public in and for said County, do hereby certify that the foregoing petitioners personally appeared before me and acknowl- edged severally that they signed the foregoing petition as their free and voluntary act for the uses and purposes therein set forth.
Given under my hand and notarial seal this 14th day of September, 1893.
G. R. MITCHELL, [Seal] Notary Public, Cook County, III.
CHANGE IN ARTICLE 1
Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 25th dav of June, 1894, the name of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. A certificate to this effect was filed June 26, 1894, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois.
CHANGE IN ARTICLE 1
Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 8th day of November, 1905, the name of the FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. A certificate to this effect was filed November 10, 1905, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois.
CHANGE IN ARTICLE 3
Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 10th day of May, 1920, the management of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY shall be invested in a Board of Twenty-one (21) Trustees, who shall be elected in such manner and for such time and term of office as may be provided for by the By-Laws. A certificate to this effect was filed May 21, 1920, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois.
CHANGE IN ARTICLE 1
Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 15th day of November, 1943, the name of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY was changed to CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM. A certificate to this effect was filed November 23, 1943, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois.
137
Amended B\'L.iws
DECEMHKii. 1945 ARTICLK I
MKMHKKS
Skction 1. .Mi'ml)(>rs shall he of twolvp classes, Corporate Members, Hon- orary Members, Patrons, Corresponding Members, Benefactors, Contributors, Life Members, \on-Resident Life Members, Associate Members, Non-Resident Associate Members, Sustaining Members, and Annual Members.
Section 2. The Corporate Members shall consist of the persons named in the articles of incorporation, and of such other persons as shall be chosen from time to time by the Board of Trust(H>s at any of its meetings, upon the recom- mendation of the Executive Committee; provided, that such person name<i in the articles of incorporation shall, within ninety days from the adoption of these By-Laws, and persons hereafter chosen as Corporate Members shall, within ninety days of their election, pay into the treasury the sum of Twenty Dollars ($120.00) or more. Corporate Members becoming Life Members, Patrons or Honorary Members shall be exempt from dues. Annual meetings of said Corporate Members shall be held at the same place and on the same day that the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees is held.
Section 3. Honorary Members shall be chosen by the Board from among persons who have rendered eminent .service to science, and only upon unanimous nomination of the E.xecutive Committee. They shall be exempt from all dues.
Section 4. Patrons shall be chosen by the Board upon recommendation of the Executive Committee from among persons who have rendered eminent .ser- vice to the Museum. They shall be exempt from all dues, and, by nrtue of their election as Patrons, shall also be Corporate Members.
Section 5. Any person contributing or devising the sum of One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000.00) in cash, or securities, or property to the funds of the Mu.seum, may be elected a Benefactor of the ^Iu.seum.
Section 6. Corresponding Members shall be chosen by the Board from among scientists or patrons of science residing in foreign countries, who render important .service to the Mu.seum. They shall be elected by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings. They shall be exempt from all dues and shall enjoy all courtesies of the Museum.
Section 7. Any person contributing to the Museum One Thousand Dollars (ILOOO.OO) or more in cash, securities, or material, may be elected a Contributor of the Museum. Contributors shall be exempt from all dues and shall enjoy all courtesies of the Museum.
Section 8. Any person paying into the treasury the .sum of Five Hundred Dollars ($500.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Life .Member. Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Mu.seum that are accorded to mem- bers of the Board of Trustees. Any person residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Non-Resident Life Member. Non-Resident Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Mu.seum that are accorded to members of the Board of Trustees.
Section 9. Any person paying into the treasury of the Mu.seum the sum of One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) at any one time, shall, upon the vote of the Board,
138
become an Associate Member. Associate Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall be entitled to tickets admitting Member and members of family, includ- ing non-resident home guests; all publications of the Museum issued during the period of their membership, if so desired; reserved seats for all lectures and enter- tainments under the auspices of the Museum, provided reservation is requested in advance; and admission of holder of membership and accompanying party to all special exhibits and Museum functions day or evening. Any person residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of Fifty Dollars ($50.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Non-Resident Associate Member. Non-Resident Associate Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to Associate Members.
Section 10. Sustaining Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of Twenty-five Dollars ($25.00), payable within thirty days after notice of election and within thirty days after each recurring annual date. This Sustaining Membership entitles the Member to free admission for the Mem- ber and family to the Museum on any day, the Annual Report and such other Museum documents or publications issued during the period of their membership as may be requested in writing. When a Sustaining Member has paid the annual fee of $25.00 for six years, such Member shall be entitled to become an Associate Member.
Section 11. Annual Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of Ten Dollars ($10.00), payable within thirty days after each recurring annual date. An Annual Membership shall entitle the Member to a card of admission for the Member and family during all hours when the Museum is open to the public, and free admission for the Member and family to all Museum lectures and entertainments. This membership will also entitle the holder to the courtesies of the membership privileges of every museum of note in the United States and Canada, so long as the existing system of co-operative interchange of membership tickets shall be maintained, including tickets for any lectures given under the auspices of any of the museums during a visit to the cities in which the co-operative museums are located.
Section 12. All membership fees, excepting Sustaining and Annual, shall hereafter be applied to a permanent Membership Endowment Fund, the interest only of which shall be applied for the use of the Museum as the Board of Trustees may order.
ARTICLE II
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
Section 1. The Board of Trustees shall consist of twenty-one members. The respective members of the Board now in office, and those who shall here- after be elected, shall hold office during life. Vacancies occurring in the Board shall be filled at a regular meeting of the Board, upon the nomination of the Executive Committee made at a preceding regular meeting of the Board, by a majority vote of the members of the Board present.
Section 2. Regular meetings of the Board shall be held on the third Mon- day of the month. Special meetings may be called at any time by the President, and shall be called by the Secretary upon the written request of three Trustees. Five Trustees shall constitute a quorum, except for the election of officers or the adoption of the Annual Budget, when seven Trustees shall be required, but meet- ings may be adjourned by any less number from day to day, or to a day fixed, previous to the next regular meeting.
Section 3. Reasonable written notice, designating the time and place of holding meetings, shall be given by the Secretary.
ARTICLE III
honorary trustees
Section 1. As a mark of respect, and in appreciation of services performed for the Institution, any Trustee who by reason of inability, on account of change
139
of rpsidpnco, or for other cause or frnm indHpn^ition to serve longer in such capa- city shall rcsiKH his place upon th«' Hoard, may he «'lecte(i, by a majority of those prt'sfnt at any rt'^ular mrn'tinR of the Hoani, an Honorary Trustee for life. Such Honorary Trusttf will ren-ive notice of all meetings of the Board of Trustees, whether regular or sn<'cial, and will be exp«'ctefl to he present at all such meetings and participate in the deliberations thereof, but an ilonorary Trustee shall not have the right to vote.
AKTICI.K IV OFFICERS
Skction 1. The otliccrs shall be a President, a First Vice-President, a Second Vice-President, a Third Vice-President, a Secretary, an A.ssistant Secretary and a Treasurer. They shall be chosen by ballot by the Board of Trustees, a majority of those present and voting being neces.<<ary to elect. The President, the First \'ice-Presid(>nt, the Second Vice-President, anri the Third Vice-President shall be cho.sen from among the members of the Board of Trustees. The meeting for the election of officers shall be held on the third Monday of January of each year, and shall be called the Annual Meeting.
Sectidn '2. The otRcers shall hold office for one year, or until their suc- cessors are elected and f|ualified, but any officer may be removed at any regular meeting of the Board of Trustees by a vote of two-thirds of all the members of the Board. \'aoanc"ies in any office may be filled by the Board at any meeting.
Section 3. The officers shall perform .such duties as ordinarily appertain to their respective offices, and .such as shall be prescribed by the By-Laws, or designated from time to time by the Board of Trustees.
ARTICLE V
THE TREASURER
Section L The Treasurer shall be custodian of the funds of the Corpora- tion, except as hereinafter provided. He shall make disbursements only upon warrants, signed by such officer, or officers, or other persons as. the Board of Trustees may from time to time designate.
Section 2. The .securities and muniments of title belonging to the cor- poration shall be placed in the custody of some Trust Company of Chicago to be designated by the Board of Trustees, which Trust Company shall collect the income and principal of said securities as the same become due, and pay .same to the Treasurer, except as hereinafter provided. Said Trust Company shall allow acce.ss to and deliver any or all .securities or muniments of title to the joint order of the following officers, namely: the President or one of the Vice- Presidents, jointly with the Chairman, or one of the Vice-Chairmen, of the Finance Committee of the Mu.'jeum. The President or any one of the Vice-Presidents, jointly with either the Chairman or any one of the other members of the Finance Committee, are authorized and empowered (a) to .sell, assign and transfer as a whole or in part the .securities owned by or registered in the name of the Chicago Natural History Mu.^eum, and, for that purpose, to endorse certificates in blank or to a named person, appoint one or more attorneys, and execute such other instru- ments as may be neces.sary, and (b) to cau.se any securities belonging to this Corpo- ration now, or acquired in the future, to be held or registered in the name or names of a nominee or nominees de.signated by them.
Section 3. The Treasurer shall give bond in such amount, and with .such sureties as shall be approved by the Board of Trustees.
Section 4. The Harris Trust & Sa\nngs Bank of Chicago shall be Cu.s- todian of "The N. W. Harris Public School Extension of the Chicago Natural History Museum" fund. The bank shall make disbursements only upon warrants drawn by the Director and countersigned by the President. In the absence or inability of the Director, warrants may be signed by the Chairman of the Finance Committee, and in the ab.sence or inability of the President, may be countersigned by one of the Vice-Pre.sidents, or any member of the Finance Committee.
140
ARTICLE VI
THE DIRECTOR
Section 1. The Board of Trustees shall elect a Director of the Museum, who shall remain in ofRce until his successor shall be elected. He shall have im- mediate charge and supervision of the Museum, and shall control the operations of the Institution, subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees and its Com- mittees. The Director shall be the oflicial medium of communication between the Board, or its Committees, and the scientific staff and maintenance force.
Section 2. There shall be four scientific Departments of the Museum — Anthropology, Botany, Geology, and Zoology — each under the charge of a Chief Curator, subject to the authority of the Director. The Chief Curators shall be appointed by the Board upon the recommendation of the Director, and shall serve during the pleasure of the Board. Subordinate staff officers in the scientific Depart- ments shall be appointed and removed by the Director upon the recommendation of the Chief Curators of the respective Departments. The Director shall have authority to employ and remove all other employees of the Museum.
Section 3. The Director shall make report to the Board at each regular meeting, recounting the operations of the Museum for the previous month. At the Annual Meeting, the Director shall make an Annual Report, reviewing the work for the previous year, which Annual Report shall be published in pamphlet form for the information of the Trustees and Members, and for free distribution in such number as the Board may direct.
ARTICLE VII the auditor
Section 1. The Board shall appoint an Auditor, who shall hold his office during the pleasure of the Board. He shall keep proper books of account, setting forth the financial condition and transactions of the Corporation, and of the Museum, and report thereon at each regular meeting, and at such other times as may be required by the Board. He shall certify to the correctness of all bills rendered for the expenditure of the money of the Corporation.
ARTICLE VIII committees
Section L There shall be five Committees, as follows: Finance, Building, Auditing, Pension, and Executive.
Section 2. The Finance Committee shall consist of not less than five or more than seven members, the Auditing and Pension Committees shall each consist of three members, and the Building Committee shall consist of five members. All members of these four Committees shall be elected by ballot by the Board at the Annual Meeting, and shall hold office for one year, and until their successors are elected and qualified. In electing the members of these Committees, the Board shall designate the Chairman and Vice-Chairman by the order in which the mem- bers are named in the respective Committee; the first member named shall be Chairman, the second named the Vice-Chairman, and the third named, Second Vice-Chairman, succession to the Chairmanship being in this order in the event of the absence or disability of the Chairman.
Section 3. The Executive Committee shall consist of the President of the Board, the Chairman of the Finance Committee, the Chairman of the Building Committee, the Chairman of the Auditing Committee, the Chairman of the Pension Committee, and three other members of the Board to be elected by ballot at the Annual Meeting.
Section 4. Four members shall constitute a quorum of the Executive Com- mittee, and in all standing Committees two members shall constitute a quorum. In the event that, owing to the absence or inability of members, a quorum of the regularly elected members cannot be present at any meeting of any Com- mittee, then the Chairman thereof, or his successor, as herein provided, may summon any members of the Board of Trustees to act in place of the absentee.
141
Section 5. The Finance Committee shall have supervision of investing the endowment and other funds of the Corporation, and the care of such real estate a.s may become its pr()p<'rty. It shall have authority to make and alter investments from time to time, reportinR its actions to the Board of Trustees. The Finance Commit tiH> is fully authorized to cause any funds or investments of the Corpora- tion to be made payable to bearer, and it is further authorized to cause real estate of the Corporation, its funds and investments, to be held or registered in the name of a nominee selecterl by it.
Skotion 6. The Building Committee shall have supervision of the con- struction, reconstruction, and extension of any and all builrlings u.sed for .Nluseum purpo.ses.
Sbotion 7. The Executive Committee shall be calle<i together from time to time as the Chairman may consider nece.ssary, or as he may be re<jue.sted to do by three members of the Committee, to act upon such matters affecting the administration of the Mu.seum as cannot await consideration at the Regular Monthly Meetings of the Board of Trustees. It shall, before the l)eginning of each fiscal year, prepare and submit to the Board an itemized Budget, setting forth the probable receipts from all sources for the ensuing year, and make recom- mendations as to the expenditures which should be made for routine maintenance and fi.xed charges. Upon the adoption of the Budget by the Board, the expendi- tures stated are authorized.
Section 8. The Auditing Committee shall have supervision over all account- ing and bookkeeping, and full control of the financial records. It shall cause the same, once each year, or oftener, to be examined by an expert individual or firm, and shall transmit the report of such expert individual or firm to the Board at the next ensuing regular meeting after such examination shall have taken place.
Section 9. The Pension Committee shall determine by such means and processes as shall be established by the Board of Trustees to whom and in what amount the Pension Fund shall be distributed. These determinations or findings shall be subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees.
Section 10. The Chairman of each Committee shall report the acts and proceedings thereof at the next ensuing regular meeting of the Board.
Section 11. The President shall be ex-officio a member of all Committees and Chairman of the Executive Committee. Vacancies occurring in any Com- mittee may be filled by ballot at any regular meeting of the Board.
ARTICLE IX
NOMINATING COMMITTEE
Section 1. At the November meeting of the Board each year, a Nomi- nating Committee of three shall be chosen by lot. Said Committee shall make nominations for membership of the Finance Committee, the Building Committee, the .Auditing Committee, and the Pension Committee, and for three members of the P>xecutive Committee, from among the Trustees, to be submitted at the en.suing December meeting and voted upon at the following .■Vnnual Meeting in January.
ARTICLE .X
Section 1. Whenever the word "Mu.seum" is employed in the By-Laws of the Corporation, it shall be taken to mean the building in which the Mu.seum as an Institution is located and operated, the material exhibited, the material in study collections, or in storage, furniture, fixtures, cases, tools, records, books, and all appurtenances of the Institution and the workings, re.searches, installa- tions, expenditures, field work, laboratories, library, publiratinns, lecture courses, and all scientific and maintenance activities.
Section "J. The By-Laws, and likewise the .\rticles of Incorporation, may be amended at any regular meeting of the Board of Trustees by a vote in favor thereof of not less than two-thirds of all the members present, pro\'ided the amendment shall have been propo.sed at a preceding regular meeting.
142
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