LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY Of ILLINOIS 507 F45 1949-55 CENTRAL CIRCULATION BOOKSTACKS The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its renewal or its return to the library from which it was borrowed on or before the Latest Date stamped below. You may be charged a minimum fee of $75.00 for each lost book. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books oro reasons for disciplinary action and may result In dismissal from the University. TO RENEW CALL TELEPHONE CENTER, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN MAY U 1395 MAY 1 5 1995 When renewing by phone, write new due date below previous due date. LI 62 F45 |95*L ANNUAL REPORT 1952 Chicago Natural History Museum Allen, Gordon, Schroeppel and Redlich, Inc. LEOPOLD E. BLOCK 1869-1952 Member of the Board of Trustees since 1936 Member of the Finance Committtee Corporate Member, Life Member, and Contributor CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Report of the Director to tht Board of Trustees for the year 1952 THE" LISSARY OF THE OCT 7-1f5? U.'"|ycpp,vv .->-. i.,,.-.,Vo CHICAGO; ILLINOIS 1953 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS £0 7 Contents PAGE Former Officers 10 Former Members of the Board of Trustees 11 Officers, Trustees, and Committees, 1952 12 List of Staff, 1952 13 Report of the Director 19 Membership 23 James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation 24 N. W. Harris Public School Extension 26 Department of Anthropology 32 Department of Botany 39 Department of Geology 45 Department of Zoology 51 Library 59 Photography and Illustration 61 Public Relations 61 Publications and Printing 64 Maintenance, Construction, and Engineering 79 Financial Statements 83 Attendance and Door Receipts 85 Accessions, 1952 87 Members of the Museum 99 Benefactors 99 Honorary Members 99 Patrons 99 Corresponding Members 100 Contributors 100 Corporate Members 101 Life Members 102 Non-Resident Life Members 103 Associate Members 103 Non-Resident Associate Members 117 Sustaining Members 117 Annual Members 117 Articles of Incorporation 132 Amended By-Laws 134 Illustrations PAGE Leopold E. Block, 1869-1952 frontispiece Stanley Field Hall 9 Boy Scouts 18 Going to the Movies 24 Portable Exhibit, N. W. Harris Public School Extension 27 Birds from the Nile 30 Cliff Dwelling 33 Kachinas 35 Tent Village 37 Palm Tree, Cuba 40 New Species of Theophrastaceae 43 Copper Exhibit 46 Dimetrodon grandis, Reconstruction 49 Dimetrodon grandis, Skeleton 50 Mountain Paca 52 Perching Songbirds 55 Model of Lizard 58 Girl Scouts 63 Orchid 65 Art Students 69 In Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum 74 Summer Play-Group 81 ormer Off icers PRESIDENTS FIRST VICE-PRESIDENTS SECOND VICE-PRESIDENTS THIRD VICE-PRESIDENTS SECRETARIES TREASURERS DIRECTORS Edward E. Ayer* 1894-1898 Harlow N. Higinbotham* 1898-1908 Martin A. Ryerson* 1894-1932 Albert A. Sprague* 1933-1946 Norman B. Ream* 1894-1902 Marshall Field, Jr.* 1902-1905 Stanley Field 1906-1908 Watson F. Blair* 1909-1928 Albert A. Sprague* 1929-1932 James Simpson* 1933-1939 Silas H. Strawn* 1940-1946 Albert B. Dick, Jr 1946-1951 • Albert A. Sprague* 1921-1928 James Simpson* 1929-1932 Albert W. Harris 1933-1941 Ralph Metcalf 1894 George Manierre* 1894-1907 Frederick J. V. Skiff* 1907-1921 D. C. Davies* 1921-1928 Stephen C. Simms* 1928-1937 Byron L. Smith* 1894-1914 Frederick J. V. Skiff* 1893-1921 D. C. Davies* 1921-1928 Stephen C. Simms* 1928-1937 : Deceased 10 Former Members of the Board of Trustees George E. Adams,* 1893-1917 Owen F. Aldis,* 1893-1898 Allison V. Armour,* 1893-1894 Edward E. Ayer,* 1893-1927 John C. Black,* 1893-1894 Watson F. Blair,* 1894-1928 Leopold E. Block,* 1936-1952 John Borden, 1920-1938 M. C. Bullock,* 1893-1894 Daniel H. Burnham,* 1893-1894 Harry E. Byram,* 1921-1928 William J. Chalmers,* 1894-1938 BOARDMAN CONOVER,* 1940-1950 Richard T. Crane, Jr.,* 1908-1912 1921-1931 D. C. Davies,* 1922-1928 George R. Davis,* 1893-1899 James W. Ellsworth,* 1893-1894 Charles B. Farwell,* 1893-1894 Howard W. Fenton, 1941-1951 Henry Field,* 1916-1917 Marshall Field, Jr.,* 1899-1905 Ernest R. Graham,* 1921-1936 Frank W. Gunsaulus,* 1893-1894 1918-1921 Albert W. Harris, 1920-1941 Harlow N. Higinbotham,* 1894-1919 Emil G. Hirsch,* 1893-1894 Charles L. Hutchinson,* 1893-1894 Huntington W. Jackson,* 1894-1900 Arthur B. Jones,* 1894-1927 Chauncey Keep,* 1915-1929 William V. Kelley,* 1929-1932 George Manierre,* 1894-1924 Charles H. Markham,* 1924-1930 Cyrus H. McCormick,* 1894-1936 Charles A. McCulloch,* 1936-1945 John Barton Payne,* 1910-1911 George F. Porter,* 1907-1916 Frederick H. Rawson,* 1927-1935 Norman B. Ream,* 1894-1910 John A. Roche,* 1893-1894 Theodore Roosevelt,* 1938-1944 Martin A. Ryerson,* 1893-1932 Fred W. Sargent,* 1929-1939 Stephen C. Simms,* 1928-1937 James Simpson,* 1920-1939 Frederick J. V. Skiff,* 1902-1921 Albert A. Sprague,* 1910-1946 Silas H. Strawn,* 1924-1946 Edwin Walker,* 1893-1910 Leslie Wheeler,* 1934-1937 Norman Williams,* 1894-1899 William Wrigley, Jr.,* 1919-1931 * Deceased 11 Officers, Trustees, and Committees, 1952 OFFICERS BOARD OF TRUSTEES COMMITTEES Stanley Field, President Marshall Field, First Vice-President Henry P. Isham, Second Vice-President Samuel Insull, Jr., Third Vice-President Solomon A. Smith, Treasurer Clifford C. Gregg, Secretary John R. Millar, Assistant Secretary Lester Armour Sewell L. Avery Wm. McCormick Blair Leopold E. Block* Walt her Buchen Walter J. Cummings Albert B. Dick, Jr. Joseph N. Field Marshall Field Marshall Field, Jr. Stanley Field Samuel Insull, Jr. Henry P. Isham Hughston M. McBain William H. Mitchell Clarence B. Randall George A. Richardson John G. Searle Solomon A. Smith Louis Ware Albert H. Wetten John P. Wilson Executive — Stanley Field, Solomon A. Smith, Albert H. Wetten, Wm. McCormick Blair, Samuel Insull, Jr., Marshall Field, John P. Wilson, Albert B. Dick, Jr., Henry P. Isham Finance — Solomon A. Smith, Leopold E. Block,* Albert B. Dick, Jr., John P. Wilson, Walter J. Cummings, Albert H. Wetten, Henry P. Isham Building — Albert H. Wetten, William H. Mitchell, Lester Armour, Joseph N. Field Auditing — Wm. McCormick Blair, Clarence B. Randall, Marshall Field, Jr. Pension — Samuel Insull, Jr., Sewell L. Avery, Hughston M. McBain * Deceased, 1952 12 List of Staff, 1952 DIRECTOR DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY Clifford C. Gregg John R. Millar, Deputy Director E. Leland Webber, Executive Assistant Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator Wilfrid D. Hambly,* Curator, African Ethnology T. George Allen, Research Associate, Egyptian Archaeology Fay-Cooper Cole, Research Associate, Malaysian Ethnology Alexander SPOEHR,f Curator, Oceanic Ethnology Donald Collier, Curator, South American Ethnology and Archaeology J. Eric Thompson, Research Associate, Central American Archaeology A. L. Kroeber, Research Associate, American Archaeology John B. Rinaldo, Assistant Curator, Archaeology Elaine Bluhm, Assistant, Archaeology George I. Quimby, Curator of Exhibits Robert J. Braidwood, Research Associate, Old World Prehistory Miguel Covarrubias, Research Associate, Primitive Art Alfred Lee Rowell, Dioramist Gustaf Dalstrom, Artist John Pletinckx, Ceramic Restorer Walter C. Reese, Preparator Agnes H. McNary, Departmental Secretary Theodor Just, Chief Curator B. E. Dahlgren, Curator Emeritus Paul C. Standley, Curator Emeritus, Herbarium Julian A. Steyermark, Curator, Phanerogamic Herbarium J. Francis Macbride, Curator, Peruvian Botany Earl E. Sherff, Research Associate, Systematic Botany Francis Drouet, Curator, Cryptogamic Herbarium Hanford Tiffany, Research Associate, Cryptogamic Botany Donald Richards, Research Associate, Cryptogamic Botany E. P. Killip, Research Associate, Phanerogamic Botany * Retired, 1952 t Resigned, 1952 13 DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY (continued) DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY Hugh C. Cutler,! Curator, Economic Botany Llewelyn Williams, Associate, Forest Products J. S. Daston, Assistant, Botany Emil Sella, Curator of Exhibits Milton Copulos,* Artist-Preparator Samuel H. Grove, Jr., Artist-Preparator Frank Boryca, Preparator Mathias Dones, Preparator Dolla Cox,J Departmental Secretary Virginia Sharp, Departmental Secretary Sharat K. Roy, Chief Curator Bryan Patterson, Curator, Fossil Mammals Rainer Zangerl, Curator, Fossil Reptiles Robert H. Denison, Curator, Fossil Fishes Albert A. Dahlberg, Research Associate, Fossil Vertebrates Everett C. Olson, Research Associate, Fossil Vertebrates Priscilla F. Turnbull, Assistant, Fossil Vertebrates Eugene S. Richardson, Jr., Curator, Fossil Invertebrates George Langford, Curator, Fossil Plants R. H. Whitfield, Associate, Fossil Plants Violet S. Whitfield, Associate, Fossil Plants Ernst Antevs, Research Associate, Glacial Geology Robert K. Wyant, Curator, Economic Geology Harry E. Changnon, Curator of Exhibits Orville L. Gilpin, Chief Preparator, Fossils Henry Horback, Preparator William D. Turnbull, Preparator Stanley Kuczek, Preparator Henry U. Taylor, Preparator John Conrad Hansen,§ Artist Maidi Wiebe, Artist Joanne Neher,! Departmental Secretary Karl P. Schmidt, Chief Curator Colin Campbell Sanborn, Curator, Mammals Philip Hershkovitz, Assistant Curator, Mammals Luis de la Torre, Associate, Mammals t Resigned, 1952 * Retired, 1952 t Reassigned, 1952 § Deceased, 1952 14 DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY (continued) ASSOCIATE EDITORS DEPARTMENT OF THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION Austin L. Rand, Curator, Birds Emmet R. Blake, Associate Curator, Birds Rudyerd Boulton, Research Associate, Birds Melvin A. Traylor, Jr., Research Associate, Birds Ellen T. Smith, Associate, Birds Clifford H. Pope, Curator, Amphibians and Reptiles Ch'eng-chao Liu, Research Associate, Reptiles Hymen Marx, Assistant, Reptiles Loren P. Woods, Curator, Fishes Robert F. Inger, Assistant Curator, Fishes Marion Grey, Associate, Fishes William J. Gerhard, Curator Emeritus, Insects Rupert L. Wenzel, Curator, Insects Henry S. Dybas, Associate Curator, Insects Alfred E. Emerson, Research Associate, Insects Gregorio Bondar, Research Associate, Insects Charles H. Seevers, Research Associate, Insects Alex K. Wyatt, Research Associate, Insects Lillian A. Ross, Associate, Insects August Ziemer, Assistant, Insects Ruth Marshall, Research Associate, Arachnids Fritz Haas, Curator, Lower Invertebrates D. Dwight Davis, Curator, Vertebrate Anatomy Dorothy B. Foss, Osteologist R. M. Strong, Research Associate, Anatomy Laura Brodie, Assistant Harry Hoogstraal, Field Associate Dioscoro S. Rabor, Field Associate Leon L. Walters, Taxidermist Frank C. Wonder, Taxidermist Ronald J. Lambert, Taxidermist Carl W. Cotton, Taxidermist Celestino Kalinowski, Assistant Taxidermist Dominick Villa, Tanner Joseph B. Krstolich, Artist Margaret G. Bradbury, Artist Margaret J. Bauer, Departmental Secretary Lillian A. Ross, Scientific Publications Martha H. Mullen, Assistant Helen Atkinson MacMinn, Miscellaneous Publications Richard A. Martin, Curator Albert J. Franzen, Preparator and Taxidermist Bertha M. Parker, Research Associate 15 JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION THE LAYMAN LECTURER THE LIBRARY ACCOUNTING BOOK SHOP ADMINISTRATION AND RECORDS Miriam Wood, Chief June BucHWALDf Lorain Stephens! Marie Svoboda Harriet Smith Jane Monson Anne StromquistI Nancy Worsham Edith Fleming Dolla Cox Paul G. Dallwig Administration: Meta P. Howell, Librarian Louise Boynton Denison, Administrative Assistant Classification and Cataloguing: Dawn Davey, Classifier Eunice Marthens Gemmill,! Classifier M. Eileen Rocourt, Classifier Reference: Audrey Greeley, Reference Librarian Accessions, Bindery, Stacks: Boris Ivanov, Assistant Librarian William A. Bender, Auditor A. L. Stebbins, Assistant Auditor Marion K. Hoffmann, Bookkeeper Robert E. Bruce, Purchasing Agent Jessie Dudley, in charge Susan M. Carpenter, Secretary to the Director Marion G. Gordon, Registrar Hilda Nordland, Assistant Recorder Jeannette Forster, Assistant Recorder t Resigned, 1952 16 PUBLIC RELATIONS COUNSEL DIVISION OF MEMBERSHIPS DIVISIONS OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATION DIVISION OF MOTION PICTURES DIVISION OF PRINTING MAINTENANCE ENGINEERING THE GUARD H. B. Harte Christine Tardy, Associate Pearle Bilinske, in charge John Bayalis, Photographer Homer V. Holdren, Assistant Douglas E. Tibbitts, Illustrator John W. Moyer,^ in charge Raymond H. Hallstein, in charge Harold M. Grutzmacher, Assistant James R. Shouba, Superintendent Gustav A. Noren, Assistant Superintendent William E. Lake, Chief Engineer Leonard Carrion, Assistant Chief Engineer George Woodward, Captain If On leave 17 **«* ->** CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM FORMERLY HELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ROOSEVELT ROAD AND LAKE SHORE DRIVE OPEN EVERY DAY BUT CHRISTMAS AND NEW YEAR'S FREE PARKING SPACE NEAR THE MUSEUM Annual Report of the Director To the Trustees: I have the honor to present a report of the operation of the Museum for the year ending December 31, 1952. The uncertainty of financial support continues to be the chief problem of the Museum. Like all endowed institutions we find it increasingly difficult to live within our means. We are the victim of the inflationary processes that are going on within our country, and we cannot maintain our relative position, as a business would, by passing on the burden to the public. Our task is to serve the public, not only through our exhibition halls but through our scientific research, publications, lecture courses, and educational extensions as well, and above all else to maintain an adequate staff of trained and properly paid scientific men and women, without which the work of the Museum cannot go forward. Yet the minimum cost for upkeep of the building, meeting our re- sponsibilities to the public, and the support of our educational activities is now such that our resources are insufficient to meet the program of future development required to measure up to the leadership we have established in the past. The Museum is under- staffed, our salaries are too low to meet present-day living costs, and we are not able to go ahead as we should with the planning of our expeditions, the purchase of collections, and the publication of the results of our research. 19 In preparing a budget for 1953, drastic reductions were made in recommended expenditures of all sorts in order that a balanced budget might be presented to the Board of Trustees. The budget for payroll alone absorbed in excess of seventy-five per cent of the total, and nothing was accomplished to relieve our hard-pressed scientific staff. In addition, very little was left to cover such op- erating necessities as heat, light and power, general maintenance, and everything else. The need for more endowment becomes greater year after year. Without additional endowment our activities must of necessity be curtailed and our staff reduced. It would seem that the Museum must look to the interested and public-spirited citizens of Chicago and the surrounding territory for additional support if it is to carry on. It is recommended that the Board of Trustees consider steps to be taken at the earliest practicable moment, looking toward the increase of financial support from the community as a whole and particularly from visitors to the Museum. ATTENDANCE For several years the number of school groups visiting the Museum in the spring months of April and May has been increasing markedly. In 1952 attendance reached a high peak in May for out-of-Chicago schools and in June for Chicago schools. The fall months of October and November are beginning to show the same trend. Some groups are composed of an entire school or even of most of the school children from a whole county. Such a county group of teachers, parents, and more than one thousand students from Rock County, Wisconsin, arranged for a day's trip to the Museum. Another unusual group was the 1,250 4-H Club delegates to the National Congress of 4-H Clubs on their annual visit to Chicago. Organi- zations using the Museum for their meeting place included the Chicago Ornithological Society, Illinois Audubon Society, Kenni- cott Club, and Nature Camera Club of Chicago. The total number of visitors at the Museum in 1952 was 1,305,556, an increase of 53,804 over the total for the year before. Free admissions amounted to 1,170,786 persons — all the visitors on Thursdays, Saturdays, and Sundays and those admitted free on all days (children, students, teachers, Members of the Museum, and uniformed officers and enlisted men of the armed forces). Under the Museum's generous rules for free admissions only 134,770 visitors paid the nominal admission fee, less than 10.5 per cent of the total attendance. 20 TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS The loss of Mr. Leopold E. Block from the Board of Trustees was felt keenly. I should like to emphasize rather than merely to repeat the memorial resolution adopted by the Board of Trustees at its December meeting: "The death on November 11, 1952, of Mr. Leopold E. Block at the age of eighty-three years brought to its close a life that was unusual even in Chicago which has bred so many great industrial leaders. "He saw the first beginnings of the company which he helped to found, yet lived to see it become a nation-wide institution that played an important role in the economic life of our country both in peace and in war. At every step in that process the growth of his company bore the impress of his genius and was enriched by his wisdom. "Meanwhile, his influence in the industrial community of Chicago grew steadily, and his advice and guidance were increasingly sought in the development of other institutions and organizations, to which he devoted his best efforts so unselfishly. "He joined the Board of Trustees of Chicago Natural History Museum in 1936, became a member of its Finance Committee in 1939, and through his continuous service thereafter had an impor- tant part in bringing this institution to the place of unquestioned leadership which it now enjoys. "It was characteristic of his devotion to the purposes of the Museum that he should have remembered it with such a generous gift in his will. "Mr. Block was both respected and beloved by his fellow Trustees and his genial personality will be greatly missed from their future deliberations. "Therefore, be it resolved that this expression of our sorrow at his passing be permanently preserved on the records of the Board of Trustees of the Museum; "And be it further resolved that our deep sympathy be conveyed to the members of his family in their bereavement and that a copy of this resolution be sent to his widow." Stanley Field, president of Chicago Natural History Museum, was re-elected at the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees in January to serve for his forty-fourth consecutive year. Other officers re-elected are Marshall Field, first vice-president; Samuel Insull, Jr., third vice-president; Solomon A. Smith, treasurer; 21 Clifford C. Gregg, secretary; and John R. Millar, assistant secretary. Henry P. Isham, Trustee, was elected second vice-president to fill a vacancy. Walther Buchen, John G. Searle, and Louis Ware were elected to membership on the Board of Trustees to fill vacan- cies caused by the death of Boardman Conover and of Leopold E. Block and the retirement of Howard W. Fenton. GIFTS TO THE MUSEUM Under the will of the late Leopold E. Block, Trustee, the Museum received a bequest of five hundred shares of common stock of Inland Steel Company; Sterling Morton, of Chicago, gave $25,375 for the purpose of establishing the Sterling Morton Endowment Fund; Walther Buchen, Trustee, gave an additional $11,000 for zoological purposes; and S. C. Johnson and Son, Incorporated, of Racine, Wisconsin, again gave $4,000 for research on wax-bearing palms. Stanley Field, President of the Museum, added $10,000 to the Stanley Field Special Fund; Dr. Maurice L. Richardson, of Lansing, Michigan, added $2,550 to the Maurice L. Richardson Paleonto- logical Fund; and Miss Margaret B. Conover, of Chicago, added $5,411.25 to the Conover Game-Bird Fund. The Museum received $2,000 from the estate of James Witkowsky for the Flora Mayer Witkowsky Fund; $391.49 from the estate of Mrs. Abby K. Babcock; and $13,000 from the Mrs. Joan A. Chalmers Real Estate Trust. Other gifts of money were received from Peder A. Christensen, C. Suydam Cutting, Mrs. Ralph W. Davis, John W. Gatenby, Samuel Insull, Jr., Thomas C. Jones, National Society of Colonial Dames of America (Illinois), Clarence B. Randall, Miss Lillian A. Ross, Mrs. Ellen T. Smith, Harold H. Swift, and a number of anonymous givers. Gifts of materials are listed at the end of this Report (see page 87) and under the headings of the scientific departments. Donors who have given to the Museum $1,000 to $100,000 in money or materials are elected Contributors by the Board of Trustees (see page 100 for names of Contributors). Contributors elected in 1952 are: Leopold E. Block, posthumously elected (in recognition of his bequest listed above) ; Miss Margaret B. Conover (in recognition of her generous support of work of the Museum) ; Byron Harvey III, Chicago (gift of an important collection of Hopi kachina dolls); J. Edward Maass, posthumously elected (a bequest of $2,500); Sterling Morton (in recognition of his gift listed above); and Dr. Harold Trapido, Gorgas Memorial Laboratory, Panama (gift of valuable zoological specimens) . 22 MEMBERSHIP The Museum thanks its many Members for their loyal support of its scientific and educational work. The total number of Members on the lists of the Museum on December 31, 1952, was 4,801. The number in each membership classification was as follows: Bene- factors— 25; Honorary Members — 8; Patrons — 16; Corresponding Members — 6; Contributors — 180; Corporate Members — 40; Life Mem- bers— 152; Non-Resident Life Members — 19; Associate Members — 2,202; Non-Resident Associate Members — 12; Sustaining Members — 21; Annual Members — 2,120. The names of all Members of the Museum during 1952 are listed at the end of this Report under the the headings of the classes of membership. MEMBERS' NIGHT Recalling the splendid response in 1951 to Members' Night, a second Members' Night was held on Friday evening, October 10, 1952. The theme for this occasion — the cultural advancement of our American Indians — was carried out by a preview for Members of the newly reinstalled Hall of Plains Indians (Hall 6), by a special exhibit in Stanley Field Hall of Hopi kachina dolls from the col- lection presented by Byron Harvey III and of Indian dolls on loan from Mrs. Lenore Blanchard Warner, and by the presentation in the James Simpson Theatre of the feature of the evening, "American Indian Style Show." Frederic H. Douglas, Curator of Native Art, Denver Art Museum, who staged the style show, described au- thentic Indian costumes as they were graciously modeled by stu- dents and faculty members from the Art Institute of Chicago. The Museum cafeteria was open at 6 o'clock for the benefit of our visitors, whose numbers so far exceeded expectations that a waiting line was unavoidably established. Even though the building was open until 10:30 o'clock, many visitors did not have sufficient time to visit the Library and the many laboratories, workrooms, and studios on the third and fourth floors. For this reason it is probable that Members' Night in 1953 will feature the work being carried on behind the scenes at the Museum by its scientific and technical staff. The purpose of Members' Night, of course, is to give to those who are helping to support the Museum the opportunity better to understand its methods and objectives as well as to enable the Museum to show especial appreciation for the interest and the steadfast loyalty of its Members. 23 JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL AND CHILDREN'S LECTURES Duties of the staff of The James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation are multiple and much broader than normally thought of in connection with a lecture foundation. In addition to lectures in the halls of the Museum and in the schools of Chicago, this Foundation edits and assembles motion-picture presentations, super- vises groups of various ages in systematic study of Museum exhibits, prepares "Museum Stories," and co-ordinates certain of its lectures with the curriculum of the Chicago public schools. Also, from time to time, indoctrination courses for schoolteachers are presented in order to assist in the use of Museum exhibits to supplement classroom instruction. During the year two series of programs planned especially to fit courses of study in the Chicago public An eager crowd approaches the James Simpson Theatre to see a children's program. 24 schools were offered at the Museum and two series of "Museum Stories" (Mythical Animals and Life in the South American Jungle) were distributed at the spring and fall series of motion-picture pro- grams for children. During the fall months, when Girl Scouts of the Chicago area used the Museum in a nature-study project, the staff of Raymond Foundation trained about sixty Girl Scouts as Museum aides to assist the troops as they studied in the Museum halls. The Girl Scouts wrote letters on "What We Learned at the Museum," which were submitted to Brook Hill Farms, Inc., of Chicago, whose president, Howard T. Greene, sponsored the project, and to each of the one hundred troops that wrote the best letters Brook Hill Farms gave an official Girl Scout American flag. More than five thousand Girl Scouts visited the Museum during the project and nearly one thousand attended on the day of the pre- sentation of flags. The Chicago Tribune sponsored six tours in the Museum during one weekend as part of a general program in civic co-operation. The Tribune generously used its news columns to inform the public of the special tours and issued tickets through its public-service office. A summary of all activities of Raymond Foundation for the year, with attendance figures, follows: RAYMOND FOUNDATION ACTIVITIES Activities within the Museum Attendance r ur cmiuren Tours in Museum halls Lectures preceding tours . . Motion-picture programs . . Groups 1,109 112 30 Attendance 38,930 10,311 21,867 Groups Total . 1,251 For adults Tours in Museum halls 361 6,625 Total 361 Extension Activities Chicago public schools Elementary schools Total 65 20,505 65 71,108 6,625 20,505 Total for Raymond Foundation Activities 1,677 98,238 25 THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION The chief responsibilities of the Department of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension are twofold: preparation and maintenance of exhibits that can be taken out of the Museum to use in class- rooms as visual aids in teaching natural history and circulation of these portable exhibits by two departmental trucks to schools and other institutions eligible for the service. Both activities continued in normal operation during the year. In those months when school was in session two exhibits were delivered every ten school days to each school on the circulation list and the two exhibits left on the previous call were picked up, so that each school received thirty- four different exhibits. Harris Extension exhibits are circulated without charge. All public elementary and high schools within the Chicago city limits are eligible for the service, and, as far as is possible within the limitations imposed by the availability of ex- hibits, circulation is extended to those denominational and private schools and public-service institutions that apply for the service and demonstrate a need for it. In order to supply each of the 510 on the circulation list with two exhibits, more than one thousand exhibits must be kept in continuous circulation during the school year, and a safe reserve for filling special requests is held in the Museum. This service that the Museum makes available to the schools of Chicago is unique. No other city has one of comparable scope. As in other years many consultations were held with rep- resentatives from other museums seeking information about estab- lishing extension services for their own communities as well as about preparation and maintenance of portable exhibits. Fifty-one requests for specific exhibits or supplementary teaching- material that can be handled and studied directly by the pupils were satisfactorily filled (insect specimens, rock and mineral col- lections, bird and mammal skins, and bird eggs and nests). During the year thirty-one cases were damaged in circulation and two cases containing exhibits of Eskimo household implements and fishing equipment were stolen. Fourteen new exhibits were completed, nine botany exhibits and five geology, an addition that brings a better balance in the subjects covered by Harris Extension exhibits. In seven old exhibits that were completely revised for circulation painted habitat settings were substituted for old photographic or plain backgrounds, exhibit material was rearranged, and new acces- sories were added. Maintenance repairs in the workshop were necessary on 274 cases, and more than three hundred label tags were replaced on study skins in the special loan-collection. Work 26 ^iMf^U) CLKSL ^Jl^OTVb un 'SVjii OJUL AOMJTvA*^. V^ AktZLT\i A story of erosion is told graphically by five identical new exhibits circulated among schools of Chicago by the N. W. Harris Public School Extension Department. in the field consisted of short collecting-trips in the Chicago area. William J. Beecher, formerly a preparator in the department, assisted during April in completion of the five new geology exhibits. The services of the late John Conrad Hansen, Artist, were made available to the department until his illness in October. For several years the operating costs of this department have exceeded the income received from the endowment generously pro- vided by the late N. W. Harris and members of his family. Deficits are met annually by an appropriation from other Museum funds. Inflation is seriously reducing the service of this department and is blocking the possibility of meeting the ever-increasing requests for periodic distribution of the popular Harris Extension exhibits. The loyalty and skill of the staff of this department have helped to maintain excellent service under most difficult conditions. 27 LECTURE PROGRAMS FOR ADULTS The Saturday-afternoon lectures held by the Museum in March, April, October, and November were presented to a total of 17,054 adults, 2,399 more than attended the series last year. Average attendance at each lecture was about 947 persons. It is noteworthy that several members of our lecture audience have records of almost unbroken attendance for a period of fifteen or twenty years. THE LAYMAN LECTURER During the year Paul G. Dallwig, our Layman Lecturer, completed his twelfth and began his thirteenth season. Between seasons he revised each of his lectures in order to give his audiences the benefit of new information pertaining to the subjects he discusses and to add freshness to his presentations. The size of the halls in the Mu- seum necessarily restricts attendance but, even so, a total of 4,695 persons was accommodated. The real gratitude of the Museum to Mr. Dallwig for his unusual work is again recorded. SPECIAL EXHIBITS A special exhibit of outstanding pieces from the Museum's extensive collection of Mexican antiquities lately acquired by an exchange with the National Museum of Mexico (see 1951 Report, page 35) was placed in Stanley Field Hall for the month of July. The special exhibit of Indian dolls lent by Mrs. Lenore Blanchard Warner and of Hopi kachina dolls from the collection presented to the Museum by Byron Harvey III, a feature of Members' Night, October 10, remained on exhibition for the public until November 9. Other special exhibits during the year were water-colors of birds of Mexico by George M. Sutton; photographs of Angkor by Ernest Rathenau, of New York; "Life in Liberia," fifty photographs by Griff Davis, photographer for Black Star Publishing Company, New York; Korean ethnological and archaeological material from the H. N. Higinbotham Korean collection presented to the Museum in 1899; drawings by students of the Junior School of the Art Institute of Chicago; the Second Annual Amateur Handcrafted Gem and Jewelry Competitive Exhibition, sponsored by the Chicago Lapidary Club; and the Seventh Chicago International Exhibition of Nature Pho- tography, held under the auspices of the Nature Camera Club of Chicago and the Museum as an annual event. 28 STAFF OF THE MUSEUM Dr. Wilfrid D. Hambly, Curator of African Ethnology in the Department of Anthropology for the past twenty-six years, and Milton Copulos, Artist-Preparator for many years in the plant- reproduction laboratories of the Department of Botany, retired on December 31. Dr. Alexander Spoehr, Curator of Oceanic Eth- nology since 1940, resigned at the end of the year to accept the directorship of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum in Honolulu, and Dr. Hugh C. Cutler, Curator of Economic Botany since 1947, resigned effective December 31. Other resignations during the year were: Mrs. Eunice M. Gemmill, Classifier, Library; Miss Joanne Neher, Secretary, Department of Geology; and Mrs. June Buchwald, Mrs. Lorain Stephens, and Mrs. Anne Stromquist, Guide-Lecturers, James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation. Miss Bertha M. Parker, of the Laboratory School of the Univer- sity of Chicago, author of books on science for children and on science-education for adults, was elected Research Associate in the Department of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension by the Board of Trustees, who also elected Miss Lillian A. Ross, Associate Editor of Scientific Publications, an Associate in the Division of Insects and Luis de la Torre, of the University of Michigan, an Associate in the Division of Mammals. Appointments during the year were: Miss Dolla Cox (reassigned), Miss Edith Fleming, and Miss Nancy Worsham, Guide-Lecturers, Raymond Foundation; Miss Marion K. Hoffmann, Bookkeeper; Homer V. Holdren, Assist- ant, Division of Photography; Miss Martha Mullen, Assistant Editor, Scientific Publications; Miss Virginia Sharp, Secretary, De- partment of Botany; and Miss Maidi Wiebe, Artist, Department of Geology. Miss Christine Tardy was promoted from Assistant to Associate Public Relations Counsel. The Museum thanks its faithful volunteer workers for their help. Names of some are in the List of Staff. Other volunteers are Richard Duffey, Ralph Eiseman, Harry Nelson, Marshall Sahlins, Floyd A. Swink, and Archie F. Wilson. It is with deep regret that I record the death of two Museum employees and of two Museum pensioners: Henry F. Ditzel, on May 21, former Registrar of the Museum, in service of the Museum for nearly forty years before his retirement in 1944; John Conrad Hansen, on November 11, Artist in the Department of Geology since 1938; Anthony T. Mazur, on December 6, employed in the Division of Maintenance from 1926 until his retirement in 1947; and Boleslaw Nytko, on November 15, a new employee. 29 MUSEUM EXPEDITIONS The Buchen East Africa Zoological Expedition, financed and led by Walther Buchen, Trustee, of Winnetka, collected material for a habitat group of African marsh birds. One hundred and eighty-nine birdskins and sixteen nests were collected for this group, together with photographic studies for background and foreground, papyrus to reproduce the characteristic swamp vegetation, and other acces- sory material. The group features the remarkable whaleheaded stork, but even more significantly it represents one of the great natural aggregations of animals of the world — the rich and varied Curator Austin L. Rand, Miss Ruth Johnson, Staff Taxidermist Carl W. Cotton, and Richard Duffey unpack material from East Africa for Nile marsh-bird exhibit. 30 bird-life of the marshlands of equatorial Africa. Field work was accomplished under the favorable conditions of active co-operation with John G. Williams of the Coryndon Museum in Nairobi. The Museum conducted twenty-three expeditions and field trips in 1952. Their work is described in this Report under the headings of the scientific departments. Expeditions and field trips of 1952 and their leaders are: Department of Anthropology: Southwest Archaeological Expe- dition— Dr. Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator Department of Botany: Cuba Botanical Expedition — Dr. B. E. Dahlgren, Curator Emeritus; European Study Trip — Dr. Theodor Just, Chief Curator Department of Geology: Austria Paleontological Expedition— Dr. Rainer Zangerl, Curator of Fossil Reptiles; Canadian Maritime Provinces Paleontological Field Trip — Dr. Robert H. Denison, Cura- tor of Fossil Fishes; Indiana Paleontological Field Trip — Eugene S. Richardson, Jr., Curator of Fossil Invertebrates; Tennessee Paleon- tological Field Trip and Wilmington (Illinois) Paleontological Field Trips — George Langford, Curator of Fossil Plants; Texas Paleonto- logical Expedition — Orville L. Gilpin, Chief Preparator of Fossils; Utah Economic Geology Field Trip — Robert K. Wyant, Curator of Economic Geology Department of Zoology: Aleutian Zoological Expedition — Colin Campbell Sanborn, Curator of Mammals; Buchen East Africa Zo- ological Expedition — Walther Buchen, Trustee; California Zoological Field Trip — Henry S. Dybas, Associate Curator of Insects; Colombia Zoological Expedition, 191+8-52 — Philip Hershkovitz, Assistant Cu- rator of Mammals; Co-operative Field Work with United States Fish and Wildlife Service in Gulf of Mexico — Loren P. Woods, Curator of Fishes; Cuba Zoological Expedition and Florida Zoological Field Trip — Dr. Fritz Haas, Curator of Lower Invertebrates; European Study Trip, 1951-52 — Rupert L. Wenzel, Curator of Insects; Guatemala Zoological Expedition — Luis de la Torre, Associate, Division of Mam- mals; Mexico Zoological Field Trip — Clifford H. Pope, Curator of Amphibians and Reptiles; Mount Dapiak Zoological Expedition — D. S. Rabor, Field Associate; United States Navy Medical Research Unit No. 3, Cairo, Egypt, 191+9-53 — Harry Hoogstraal (in charge of Sudan Substation), Field Associate (Museum representative); West Africa Zoological Expedition, 1 950-52— Harry A. Beatty 31 Department of Anthropology Research and Expeditions During the summer, from June to October, the Southwest Archae- ological Expedition continued its investigations of the Mogollon culture of west-central New Mexico. Archaeological excavation, undertaken in a large open site as well as in two caves and two cliff dwellings located in Apache National Forest, was done under a permit issued to Chicago Natural History Museum by the Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Dr. Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator, in charge of the expedition, was assisted by Dr. John B. Rinaldo, Assistant Curator of Archaeology, Miss Elaine Bluhm, Assistant in Archaeology (who supervised the excavations), Thomas P. Alder, Robert M. Adams, Miss Vivian Broman, W. T. Egan, and Miss Katherine Marjorie Kelly. In previous seasons our archaeologists had delineated the earlier periods of Mogollon culture quite completely, although some addi- tional specimens were needed to permit reliable comparisons with similar artifact types from other areas and to enable use of more precise statistical measures. The primary goal in 1952 was an equally complete delineation of the later phases of this culture, particularly the Reserve phase, which is tentatively dated at about a.d. 1000 to a.d. 1200. The plan was threefold: (1) to secure specimens of perishable materials such as sandals, basketry, and matting from the later eras, (2) to secure additional cultivated- plant specimens and other perishable artifacts from the earlier levels of dry caves to supplement those secured by previous exca- vations, and (3) to determine the nature of the large rectangular ceremonial structures and to obtain additional information about the domestic architecture of this time (about A.D. 1050). The expedition was completely successful in accomplishing these objec- tives. About 1,000 specimens were recovered, not counting broken pieces of pottery, odd lengths of cordage, and plant specimens. There were bows and arrows, portions of basketry and matting, sandals, wooden digging-sticks, cigarettes, painted wooden ceremo- nial objects (tablitas) and prayer sticks, grinding stones, tools of bone, arrow points, pottery vessels, nets, beans and bean pods, corn and corncobs, nuts, squash rinds, and animal bones (deer, rabbit, squirrel, turkey, and dog). Among choice discoveries were five beau- tifully chipped knife blades of basalt, a large twill-plaited mat of rushes, and a rabbit net of great length. 32 Eleven-room cliff dwelling excavated by the Southwest Archaeological Expedition shows two-story section with part of the first-story ceiling perfectly preserved. The two cliff dwellings excavated by the expedition were among the first to be scientifically investigated in the Mogollon area. One cliff house, overlooking the Blue River, had two rooms and was crudely constructed of inferior-quality masonry that contained a high proportion of adobe mortar. The other, high in the moun- tains, was well constructed and in amazingly good condition. Its smoothly plastered walls, still standing to a height of ten feet, were stoutly built of large slabs set in adobe mortar. Parts of this house had two stories, and there were eleven rooms altogether, some par- tially cut in bed rock. The ceiling of the first story is perfectly preserved. It was made of several beams, about five inches in diameter, across which were laid wooden splints topped by a five- 33 inch layer of adobe. This type of ceiling, so common in other parts of the Southwest, is the first to be found intact in this area. Part of one of the beams will be sent to the Tree Ring Laboratory in Tucson in the hope that the wood can be dated. The ceremonial structure excavated by the expedition was a large rectangular building measuring 28 feet by 32 feet, with a floor four feet below the surface of the ground and, serving as a lateral- entrance passageway at the middle of the east wall, a ramp about 30 feet long and 7 feet wide. This masonry structure was built inside an earlier structure having walls of wattle-and-daub con- struction made of upright posts set about six inches apart with the interstices filled by branches and mud. The pottery contents of this building, although not yet completely analyzed, are believed to indicate extensive trade contacts with the Mimbres area to the south. This structure and its contents are an important link in the history of ceremonial structures in the Southwest. In November the Museum published Mogollon Cultural Conti- nuity and Change, The Stratigraphic Analysis of Tularosa and Cordova Caves, a report by Chief Curator Martin, Dr. Rinaldo, Miss Bluhm, Dr. Hugh C. Cutler, Curator of Economic Botany, and Roger Grange, Jr., that presents the results of archaeological field-work in the seasons of 1950 and 1951. A tabulation at the end of the volume summarizes for the general reader changes and develop- ments in all the traits of tangible culture from Tularosa and Cor- dova caves. For the scientist the report describes in detail many new traits and contributes much to the ordering of previously acquired data. During the first months of the year Assistant Curator Rinaldo made, for use in this report, stratigraphic and statistical analyses of stone, bone, and clay artifacts recovered from Cordova Cave during the summer of 1951 and prepared charts of the natural and artificial stratigraphy of the cave showing how differences in soil levels are correlated with the different periods of occupation. For a report on the field work of 1952, he made, after his return from the field, a precise analysis of the bone, stone, and clay artifacts from the two caves and the two cliff dwellings excavated during the season. He also completed a paper on the classification of pre- historic cultures of the southwestern United States. Dr. Alexander Spoehr, Curator of Oceanic Ethnology, completed for publication by the Museum his first report on the results of the Anthropological Expedition to Micronesia, 1949-50, a study of the ethnology of Saipan, and most of his second report, the prehistory of the Mariana Islands based on analysis of archaeological material 34 These three Indian dolls representing the Hano long-haired kachina maiden are in the collection of Hopi kachina dolls presented to the Museum by Byron Harvey III. excavated by the expedition. Through the generous co-operation of Dr. Willard F. Libby, of the Institute for Nuclear Studies, Uni- versity of Chicago, two radiocarbon determinations of the age of archaeological material from the Marianas were made. One of these yielded a date of 1527 B.C. ±200 for the Chalan Piao site on Saipan. This date, the earliest now known for man in either Mi- cronesia or Polynesia, aids immeasurably in the reconstruction of prehistoric events in Oceania. The second date, a.d. 854 ±145, from the Blue site on Tinian, is important because it is the first indication of the antiquity of a type of culture that persisted in the Marianas up to the arrival of Magellan in 1521. The date has significance also in the history of disease, for at the Blue site a patho- logical skeleton was uncovered in a burial. Dr. T. D. Stewart of the United States National Museum, an authority on paleopa- thology, has diagnosed the pathology of this skeleton to be the result of yaws. The carbon- 14 date is evidence that yaws was present in 35 the Pacific in prehistoric times, a fact that contributes to our knowl- edge of the history of yaws as well as to that of syphilis, which is caused by a closely related spirochete. Dr. Wilfrid D. Hambly, Curator of African Ethnology, continued his research on the large collection of crania collected by the Joseph N. Field South Pacific Islands Expedition, 1909-13. During the year the Museum published Bibliography of African Anthropology, 1937-19 Jf.9 by Curator Hambly, a supplement to Source Book for African Anthropology published by the Museum in 1937 and now out of print. The titles in this bibliography are arranged by authors, subjects, and regions of Africa, and the periodicals containing ar- ticles on African anthropology are classified alphabetically and by regions of Africa. Donald Collier, Curator of South American Ethnology and Archaeology, did research on Mexican archaeology in connection with classification, cataloguing, and exhibition of the important collection of Mexican antiquities received in exchange from the National Museum of Mexico at the end of 1951. He continued work on archaeological materials excavated in 1946 by the Archae- ological Expedition to Peru and by the end of the year had finished his report on the expedition except for completion of the illustrations. Dr. A. L. Kroeber, Research Associate in American Archaeology, completed a report on his excavations of the Proto-Lima culture in Peru, for which Curator Collier supervised the making of photo- graphs and drawings. This report, which will be published by the Museum, is the fifth to result from the Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Peru, led by Dr. Kroeber in 1925 and 1926. The Museum has previously published Ancient Pottery from Trujillo, The Northern Coast, and Canete Valley, by Dr. Kroeber, and Textiles of the Early Nazca Period, by Lila M. O'Neale with preface by Dr. Kroeber. The sixth and final report, on Early Nazca culture, is now being prepared for publication by Dr. Kroeber in collaboration with Curator Collier. From January to July George I. Quimby, Curator of Exhibits, was visiting professor of American archaeology and ethnology in the Faculty of the History of Philosophy at the University of Oslo, Norway, under a Fulbright Grant from the United States Depart- ment of State. In addition to teaching American archaeology and ethnology he studied the stone-age archaeology of northern Eurasia, participated in the excavation of an iron-age burial mound near Sande in southern Norway, and designed new exhibits for the North American section of the Universitetets Etnografiske Museum. With the aid of a grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthro- 36 pological Research he made a study of northern European museums for this Museum, visiting museums in Paris, London, Tromso, Trondheim, Bergen, Oslo, Goteborg, Stockholm, Copenhagen, and Helsinki to examine anthropological collections and exhibits. One conclusion based upon collections observed in the course of this museum survey is that the cultures of the circumboreal zone of Eurasia and America have been closely related in past periods. After his return in July he continued research in North American ethnology for the exhibition program, with special emphasis on materials of the Porno Indians of California. He completed a report for publication on the Museum's collection of Indian portraits A diorama of a tent village is shown in the new Hall of Plains Indians (Hall 6). 37 painted by George Catlin in 1832 and prepared several chapters of a report on the excavation of the Bayou Goula site, a historic period- occupancy of east-central Louisiana. In connection with the exhibition program it was necessary to reorganize the reference collections in several storerooms, to strip cases formerly on exhibition, and to make inventories of reference collections and of specimens now on exhibition. For the first half of the year this work was undertaken by Roger Grange, Jr., assistant, and during the second half by Phillip Lewis, assistant. Accessions— Anthropology The most valuable and important of the artifacts obtained by the Southwest Archaeological Expedition of 1952 are the sandals, mats, nets, bows, arrows, and tablitas because they are the only specimens of such perishable materials that have been recovered from rela- tively "pure" late sites of the Mogollon Indians. These unique materials are now being classified and studied. In addition, quan- tities of corn and other vegetal remains were recovered that should reveal much concerning the history of domesticated plants during the later eras. An important and interesting accession of the year is the collection of 180 Hopi kachina dolls that was given to the Museum by Byron Harvey III, of Chicago, who has been collecting kachinas since he was a young boy. Exhibits— Anthropology Under the direction of Curator of Exhibits Quimby, with assistance from Curator Spoehr and Curator Collier, twenty-five new exhibits (including one diorama) were completed during the year by Gustaf Dalstrom, Artist, Alfred Lee Rowell, Dioramist, and Walter C. Reese, Preparator. The papier-mache manikins used in some of the new exhibits were made by John Pletinckx, Ceramic Restorer. All of the new exhibits were installed in Hall 6, which, when complete, will contain fifty- two exhibits (including four dioramas). This hall is divided into three sections: Indians of the Plains, Intermountain tribes that were influenced by Plains Indians culture, and Indians of the California culture area. The first two sections of the hall were opened to the public after a preview by Members of the Museum and their guests on the evening of October 10. The third section of the hall will be completed by the spring of 1953. 38 Department of Botany Research and Expeditions Paul C. Standley, Curator Emeritus of the Herbarium, who is in residence at the Escuela Agricola Panamericana near Tegucigalpa in Honduras, has continued his studies of the flora of middle Central America. He devoted much of his time during the year to identifi- cation of specimens collected by various contributors. His catalogue of trees of Honduras will be printed in an early number of Ceiba, and a dictionary of economic plants of Central America, an exten- sive reference source, is in preparation. Another of his projects concerns poisonous plants of Central America. Dr. Margery C. Carlson, of Northwestern University, who traveled by jeep to southern Mexico and collected widely in the tropical cloud-forest of that region, spent several weeks in Honduras as guest of the Escuela Agricola Panamericana, where she worked with Curator Emeritus Standley and collected in various parts of the country. Study of Copernicia palms was continued by Dr. B. E. Dahlgren, Curator Emeritus of Botany. With the aid of the S. C. Johnson and Son Fund he made a visit to Cuba and brought back to the Museum much new palm material, notes, and several hundred photographs. Experimental work on Copernicia species was con- tinued at Atkins Garden and Laboratory of Harvard University at Soledad and at the University of Chicago. J. Francis Macbride, Curator of Peruvian Botany, completed for publication another large part of his Flora of Peru. This part covers fourteen families beginning with the Sapindaceae and including the Theaceae. Dr. Theodor Just, Chief Curator, continued his study of living and fossil cycads and cycadeoids and of the distribution of fossil ferns and pteridosperms. With the aid of a grant from the National Academy of Sciences he visited various botanical institutions in Switzerland, western Germany, Sweden, Belgium, and England to study type collections and anatomical preparations of fossil cycads and cycadeoids. During the year Dr. Earl E. Sherff, Research Asso- ciate in Systematic Botany, completed for publication his revision of the Hawaiian species of Cheirodendron and of the genus Tetra- plasandra as it occurs in the Hawaiian Islands. His revision of the Hawaiian species of Reynoldsia and his descriptions of a new genus of trees (Munroidendron) from the Island of Kauai and of various new species and varieties, chiefly of tropical African Composites, have been published (see page 76). 39 When this forty-foot palm (Copernicia vespertilionum, center) was felled hundreds of small bats of a species apparently collected only once before fled from its dried foliage. Photographed in Oriente, Cuba, by Curator Emeritus B. E. Dahlgren. As a result of the study of collections made in Venezuela by Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, Curator of the Phanerogamic Herbarium, the second part of Contributions to the Flora of Venezuela (Steyermark and collaborators), which contains descriptions and illustrations of new species of the families Droseraceae through Umbel liferae, was published by the Museum in December. The third part of this work, which will conclude the descriptions of new species, is in the press. Curator Steyermark, as honorary research associate of Mis- souri Botanical Garden, made several field trips in connection with 40 his investigation of the flora of Missouri. Much time was devoted to curatorial work associated with miscellaneous determinations and to preparation for publication of several parts of the Flora of Guate- mala (Standley and Steyermark). The third part of the Flora was published in April by the Museum. In August the first part of Orchids of Guatemala by the late Pro- fessor Oakes Ames (director of the Botanical Museum of Harvard University, 1935-50) and Dr. Donovan Stewart Correll (United States Department of Agriculture, formerly research associate at the Botanical Museum of Harvard University) was published by the Museum as a companion volume to the Flora of Guatemala (Standley and Steyermark). Orchids of Guatemala, the second part of which will appear in the spring of 1953, is the only complete and definitive treatment of the orchids of a tropical American country. The first part opens with a simple explanation of the unique struc- ture of this plant family and contains detailed descriptions and discussions of 29 genera, with 321 species and varieties, based on botanical specimens assembled from 1831 to the present by more than seventy-five collectors. The interesting comments on many economically important cultivated orchids will be of value to orchid lovers and horticulturists. All of the genera and many of the species are illustrated by accurate and exquisite line-drawings, the work of the widely known botanical artists Blanche Ames (Mrs. Oakes Ames), Gordon Winston Dillon, Dorothy 0. Allen (Mrs. Paul H. Allen), Elsie H. Froeschner, Eleonar B. Phillips, and Douglas E. Tibbitts (of the Museum). Dr. Jose' Cuatrecasas, former Curator of Colombian Botany, completed his John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fel- lowship in the summer and continued his work on the flora of Co- lombia with the aid of a grant from the National Science Foundation. In this connection he studied a number of families of flowering plants as represented in his own extensive collections as well as numerous specimens received on loan from the United States Na- tional Museum, New York Botanical Garden, Herbario Nacional Colombiano, and Facultad de Agronomia del Valle. Dr. Friedrich Ehrendorfer, Jr., Fulbright Fellow on leave from the Botanical Institute of the University of Vienna, spent one month at the Museum finishing his revision of the genus Relbunium and pre- paring keys for identification of the American species of Galium (Rubiaceae). Some reorganization of the unmounted collections was done by John W. Thieret, Chicago Natural History Museum Fellow of the University of Chicago, who also identified a number of collections made in Cuba by Curator Macbride and, under the 41 direction of Chief Curator Just, worked on his thesis, a morpho- logical and taxonomic study of the seeds of the Scrophulariaceae of the eastern United States. A grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research aided the work of Dr. Hugh C. Cutler, Curator of Economic Botany, on archaeological material excavated by the Museum's Southwest Archaeological Expeditions of the past few years. In connection with this research, experimental plantings were made near Chicago of seed collected in Mexico and the Southwest. He also continued reorganization of the Museum's wood collections. Mrs. Ann Bigelow and Robert Yule prepared and labeled specimens for the wood collections and cleaned and sorted plant material. Dr. Francis Drouet, Curator of the Cryptogamic Herbarium, continued historical research on the algae in collaboration with William A. Daily, of Butler University, and named numerous speci- mens of algae received for identification. Dr. Hanford Tiffany, Research Associate in Cryptogamic Botany, published, in collabo- ration with Dr. Max E. Britton, also of Northwestern University, The Algae of Illinois (University of Chicago Press), a comprehensive illustrated analysis of the algal flora of Illinois that should stimulate interest in phycology both locally and generally. Donald Richards, Research Associate in Cryptogamic Botany, collected bryophytes in Minnesota and Arkansas. Dr. E. P. Killip, Research Associate in Phanerogamic Botany, devoted considerable time to study of the algal flora of Big Pine Key, Florida. Accessions— Botany The largest gifts this year to the phanerogamic herbarium include a great number of plants of the United States (nearly 13,000), among them 11,208 plants from eastern and central United States, over 1,000 from Missouri, 315 from Kentucky, and 173 from Florida. The largest collection of plants acquired through exchange came from Honduras (1,668). Other exchanges came from Venezuela and Ecuador (669), Colombia and United States (492), Sweden and China (417), Africa and Belgium (412), and Chile and Argentina (153). Through exchange 691 hand samples of woods of the United States were received from the College of Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse. Valuable purchases of plants from areas not well represented in the phanerogamic herbarium include 1,339 specimens from Bolivia and Chile, 395 from Mexico and Honduras, 147 from Colombia, and 80 from South Africa. 42 A small tree, Clavija glandulifera Cuatr., is a new species of Theophrastaceae from the rain forest of Colombia discovered and described by Dr. Jose Cuatrecasas. Outstanding among gifts to the cryptogamic herbarium are the historically important collection of 1,140 algae from Central Europe (Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna), the collection of bryophytes (391) made by Dr. Donovan Stewart Correll along the Alaskan Highway, the algae (732) collected in the southwestern United States by Curator Macbride, the algae (429) of North and South America, Oceania, and Hawaii from Dr. Maxwell S. Doty, and the algae of Indiana (157) from William A. Daily. Exchange relations were maintained with many large American and European herbaria. More than 17,000 specimens were purchased through appropri- ations from the Donald Richards Fund. The largest collection 43 contains 12,228 lichens of the Rocky Mountains, purchased from Dr. Henry A. Imshaug, Ann Arbor. Other purchases were 1,810 lichens of Sweden, 1,000 algae of France and dependencies, 470 bryophytes and algae of Japan, 413 cryptogams of Wisconsin, and 300 algae and mosses of Gaspe" Peninsula and New Jersey. Approximately 22,500 plants were mounted in the phanerogamic herbarium during the year. Before they were mounted, it was necessary to dip-poison the specimens with bichloride of mercury. The work of poisoning was done by Miss Maruja Kalinowski, Miss Olive Doig, and Mrs. Jennie Pletinckx. Mrs. Pletinckx filed in the herbarium thousands of specimens, including those returned from loans. In the cryptogamic herbarium Mrs. Effie M. Schugman, with assistance during part of the year, mounted the P. O. Schallert Collection of cryptogams purchased in 1951 and numerous other collections of specimens, photographs, and descriptions. Exhibits— Botany Notable progress was made in Hall 26 (Charles F. Millspaugh Hall, North American Trees) with the work, begun four years ago, of replacing photographs of branches with three-dimensional models. Eight reproductions of leafy branches were added to the exhibits: blue ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata) , black locust (Robinia pseudo- acacia), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) , American holly (Ilex opaca), bitternut (Carya cordiformis), red maple (Acer rubrum), dogwood (Cornus florida), and paper birch (Betula papyrifera), all of which are the work of Preparator Frank Boryca and Artist-Preparators Milton Copulos and Samuel H. Grove, Jr. Two restorations by Curator of Exhibits Emil Sella, one of the southern white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides) and the other of the bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), were also placed on exhibition in Hall 26. Reinstallation of the flowering-plant exhibits in Martin A. and Carrie Ryerson Hall (Hall 29, Plant Life), under the direction of Curator Sella, is gradually reaching the final stage. During the year the family exhibits of orchids, bananas, marine algae, fungi, lichens, horsetails, and clubmosses were reconditioned and rearranged. An important addition to the synoptic installations in the hall is a reproduction by Curator Sella and Artist-Preparator Grove of an attractive cul- tivated Korean species of spindle-tree (Euonymus hamiltonianus var. yedoensis) of the Celastrus family shown in its fruiting stage. Preparator Mathias Dones, as in previous years, assisted with all installations in the halls and rebuilt several exhibition cases. 44 Department of Geology Research and Expeditions Eugene S. Richardson, Jr., Curator of Fossil Invertebrates, spent most of the year studying a fine collection of Early Silurian trilo- bites and other invertebrates from Channahon, Illinois, brought together by George Langford, Curator of Fossil Plants, before he joined the Museum staff. These studies were mainly revisionary, but new illustrations of some of the species were included. A valu- able by-product of Curator Langford's assiduous collecting of fossil plants in the Coal-age deposits near Braidwood and Coal City, Illinois, has been an ever-growing accumulation of fossil inverte- brates and fossil fishes that lived in the coal swamps. Only a very small percentage of fossil-bearing nodules from the Braidwood strip-mines yield these animal fossils, but over a period of several years the Museum collection has been enriched by several hundred fine specimens. During the year Curator Richardson studied several species of fossil insects from this fauna and prepared descriptions. Insects of the Coal age rank among the most interesting and valu- able of all fossils because they are the first known representatives of what is today the largest group of the animal kingdom. Curator Langford continued to devote most of his time to cata- loguing, preparing, and identifying Upper Cretaceous and Lower Eocene plants from the clay deposits of western Tennessee. He also prepared a manuscript about these plants, with full descriptions and illustrations of 575 species, many of which have never before been referred to in the literature of the subject. As in previous years Curator Langford made several short collecting-trips to the Pennsylvanian formations west and southwest of Wilmington, Will County, Illinois. He was accompanied, at one time or another, by Mrs. Langford, Dr. and Mrs. R. H. Whitfield, Associates in Fossil Plants, or Curator Richardson. In October Curator Langford took one trip of ten days with Curator Richardson to Mecca, Indiana, and to western Tennessee, where they collected in three formations of the Wilcox group, Early Eocene, and in the Ripley formation of the Late Cretaceous. The specimens of flora from all five formations have yielded a great number of specimens of many species and many new species not recognized in the published references. Studies made by Robert K. Wyant, Curator of Economic Geology, varied from time to time during the year. To co-operate with the work on meteorites at the National Museum, Washington, D.C., 45 USES OF COPPER COPPER ALLOYS HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO PRACTICALLY ALL TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS //#' I \i \ A specimen of native copper, various types of copper alloys, and products made of copper are displayed in a new exhibit in the Hall of Economic Geology (Hall 36). he redetermined the specific gravity of the La Porte, Mapleton, and Smithonia meteorites, using a more accurate method of density determination. He also isolated the mineral schreibersite in the La Porte and Mapleton meteorites and examined it qualitatively. Troilite was determined quantitatively in the Pantar Llano mete- orite. Other work was quantitative analyses of sedimentary rocks from the Rio Torolo district in El Salvador, paragenesis of lead and zinc specimens from Illinois, Missouri, and Colorado, and quali- tative determination of minerals in carbonate rocks from Illinois. In connection with preparation of manuscripts he made numerous thin-sections of rocks, took microphotographs of specimens, and drafted field-maps. During September he collected from mining localities in Utah, Arizona, and Colorado several hundred rock and ore specimens, which were added to the study collections. 46 Dr. Rainer Zangerl, Curator of Fossil Reptiles, completed a monographic study of turtles of the family Toxochelyidae, including descriptions of specimens collected over a period of years in the Mooreville formation of Alabama, which, with the revision of the family Protostegidae, is in the press. He is currently engaged in describing some well-preserved specimens of sea turtles from the Early Oligocene shale of Glarus, Switzerland. The specimens have only recently been prepared for study at the University of Zurich, although reference to one of them was made in geologic literature as early as 1758. He spent three months in the Vorarlberg district of western Austria to explore a fossil locality in a Triassic bituminous limestone. His principal objective was to determine the frequency of occurrence of vertebrate fossil remains in these shales and the stratigraphic position within a large and structurally complicated section. The major work consisted of quarrying out about thirty cubic meters of shale along the Plattenbach valley near Bludenz. Numerous reptile and fish bones and scales were collected, but no large aggregation of skeletons was found. Dr. Robert H. Denison, Curator of Fossil Fishes, continued his studies of Early Devonian fishes from northern Utah. His work on the second group of primitive jawless vertebrates, the Heterostraci, is nearing completion and he has started preparation and preliminary investigation of the arthrodires. As an adjunct to his study of the morphology, relationships, and ecology of the earliest vertebrates he completed preparation of the specimens of Silurian Heterostraci that he collected in 1951 in fossil-fish localities of eastern states. He spent July and August in the field in the Maritime Provinces of Canada, where he collected vertebrates from the Silurian rocks of southern New Brunswick and from the Devonian of Nova Scotia, northern New Brunswick, and the Gaspe" Peninsula. Two specimens of an extremely rare, small, armored, fish-like ostracoderm (Hetero- straci) were obtained from the mid-Silurian rocks of southern New Brunswick, where they were found associated with a larger, more common, small-scaled ostracoderm (genus Thelodus). Along the shore of Northumberland Straits in Nova Scotia a number of earliest Devonian ostracoderms (Heterostraci and Osteostraci) were quarried out of the red sandstones and mudstones of the Knoydart formation. They are the first well-preserved specimens of this age from North America. As reported last year, Bryan Patterson, Curator of Fossil Mam- mals, left for Argentina near the end of 1951 to devote 1952 and the early part of 1953 to the study of South American fossil verte- brates, especially those from the Cenozoic formations. His primary 47 object is to make first-hand observations and to gather data that will facilitate his work on the collections of fossil mammals made by the Marshall Field Paleontological Expeditions to Argentina and Bolivia during 1922-24 and 1926-27 under the leadership of the former Curator of Paleontology, Elmer S. Riggs. The opportunity to carry out these studies was afforded by the award of a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship to Curator Patterson. Most of his time was spent in Buenos Aires at the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, where he was given unrestricted co-operation and accorded hospitality seldom enjoyed elsewhere by a visiting member of a foreign institution. For this, the Museum extends its grateful appreciation to the Argentine museum. Routine administrative work and writing labels for the new Hall of Physical Geology (Hall 34) occupied most of the time of Dr. Sharat K. Roy, Chief Curator. Monographs on the fresh-water limestone from El Salvador and on the Pantar meteorite were begun early in the year, but neither was quite completed. Both studies were made in collaboration with Curator Wyant, who was chiefly responsible for the advanced stage of the manuscripts at the end of the year. A paper on the geology of the polar regions was com- pleted and awaits publication. Work on the catalogue of meteo- rites continued, and Chief Curator Roy spent three weeks at the National Museum, Washington, D.C., checking references. Mrs. Priscilla F. Turnbull, Assistant in Fossil Vertebrates, took charge of two manuscripts by Curator Patterson and did creditable work in putting them into shape. She also furnished him with information regarding specimens and literature not available in Argentina and supervised taking hundreds of photographs sent to him to expedite his studies. She assisted the Chief Curator with a substantial part of the routine work of the department. Chief Preparator Orville L. Gilpin and William D. Turnbull, Preparator, spent six weeks collecting in the Trinity sands of northern Texas. Washing and sorting this material continued at the Museum and twenty-six Early Cretaceous mammal-specimens were gained. Accessions— Geology An important addition to our collection of fossils from the Chicago area is the gift of 104 fossil invertebrates from the Early Silurian Alexandrian limestone of Channahon, Illinois, collected by Curator Langford some years ago. A gift from St. Mary's Seminary, Techny, Illinois, of 59 fossil invertebrates includes two species from 48 Reconstruction of Dimetrodon grandis, painted by Miss Maidi Wiebe, Department of Geology, is shown with the skeleton exhibited in Ernest R. Graham Hall. the famous Middle Cambrian Burgess shale, British Columbia, that were collected originally by Dr. Charles D. Walcott about 1910 and still bear his locality notations. The Burgess shale fauna is restored in a habitat group in Hall 37 (Frederick J. V. Skiff Hall, Fossil Invertebrate Animals and Fossil Plants), the only such habitat group in existence, but these specimens are the first from that famous bed to be included in the Museum collection. By exchange with the University of California a collection of 110 species (213 specimens) of marine fossil-invertebrates characteristic of the West Coast was gained. Among additions to the collection of fossil vertebrates are two splendid skeletons of Pleistocene moas received in exchange from Canterbury Museum at Christchurch, New Zealand; 32 Early Permian fossil reptiles collected by Dr. Everett C. Olson, Research Associate, gift of the University of Chicago; and the cranium of a muskox collected many years ago in Iowa by August G. Becker, gift of Raymond B. Becker. To the gem collection were added four synthetic rutile stones and a boule, gifts of Kenya Gem Corporation and Jarra Gem Corporation. 49 Exhibits— Geology Substantial progress in the installation of exhibits in the new Hall of Physical Geology (Hall 34) has been made. Plans call for thirty- seven exhibits, ten of which were installed during the year. Physical geology is the backbone of the earth sciences, and so all efforts are being made to present this difficult subject to the public in as clear-cut fashion as the resources of the Museum will permit. With experience gained from the installation of exhibits in Hall 37 (Fossil Invertebrate Animals and Fossil Plants, Frederick J. V. Skiff Hall), there is reason to believe that the new hall will be outstanding. Directly participating in the program are Chief Curator Roy, Cu- rator of Exhibits Harry E. Changnon, Preparators Henry Horback and Henry U. Taylor, and Miss Maidi Wiebe. Death has removed John Conrad Hansen, Artist, who served the Department of Geology diligently and brilliantly for the past fourteen years. Miss Wiebe, who has taken his place, has the training to be a worthy successor. Three exhibits displaying six skeletons of Permian reptiles — Di- metrodon, Ophiacodon, Sphenacodon, Varanops, Casea, and Aula- cocephalodon — were installed in Ernest R. Graham Hall (Hall 38, Fossil Vertebrates). With the installation of another reptile, Eda- phosaurus, the series of exhibits showing the Permian amphibians and reptiles received from the University of Chicago will be com- pleted. The skeletons were partially prepared and remounted by Chief Preparator Gilpin and Preparator Stanley Kuczek. This skeleton of the reptile Dimetrodon grandis is now in Ernest R. Graham Hall. 50 Department of Zoology Research and Expeditions A report on a collection of West African rodents received from the Companhia de Diamantes de Angola was finished by Colin Campbell Sanborn, Curator of Mammals, who continued his special interest in bats, with a by-product of notes for publication and some progress on his larger work reviewing the genus Rhinolophus. Work on the mammals of Peru was continued. Philip Hershkovitz, Assistant Curator, after his return from Colombia in September continued study of the mammalian fauna of that country. The final nine months of his Colombian field work, begun in 1948 as a survey of the mammals of the most varied of the Andean countries, were devoted to Bogota and the region of the Caqueta, one of the head- water streams of the Amazon. Luis de la Torre, Associate, while a graduate student at the University of Michigan continued his study of Guatemalan mammals and again visited Guatemala under the auspices of the Museum for field work in the southeastern corner. In late February Curator Sanborn went to the Aleutian Islands with the special mission of collecting sea otters for a long-projected habitat group for the Hall of Marine Mammals (Hall N). With the aid of personnel of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Air Force, and Arctic Health Research Center, Curator Sanborn was able to spend twelve days on Amchitka Island, accompanied by Major Robert Rausch. With the valuable advice and aid of Robert D. Jones, Jr., who had charge of the program of sea-otter conservation and lived on Amchitka, photographs for reference in preparation of the background of the exhibits, acces- sories for the foreground, and three specimens of sea otter were obtained. If all who contributed time and material aid to the progress of this expedition could be named, the roster would be one of the largest in the history of the Museum. The continuing researches of Dr. Austin L. Rand, Curator of Birds, resulted in a number of published papers and in manuscripts in press or in preparation on such varied regions as Nepal, the Philippines, southwest Asia, West Africa, and Tristan da Cunha. Curator Rand's work, mainly on Old World birds, was supplemented by the work of Associate Curator Emmet R. Blake on collections from the New World. Associate Curator Blake was occupied throughout the year with his Birds of Mexico, A Guide for Field Iden- tification, which is scheduled for publication early in 1953 by the 51 These specimens of the very rare mountain paca Stictomys taczanowskii, a rodent that never before has been photographed, were live-trapped in southern Colombia. University of Chicago Press. This handbook is suited to the needs of both the novice and the specialist. Comprehensive in scope, it describes almost one thousand species and more than two thousand geographical varieties of birds that occur in Mexico. Of these, 329 species are illustrated by black-and-white line-drawings. All of the illustrations, including a frontispiece in color of a Mexican toucan (the collared aracari), are the work of Douglas E. Tibbitts, Illus- trator, of the Museum staff. The Associate Curator began research on the Monniche Collection from Panama, and by the end of the year he had also identified the birds collected by Assistant Curator Hershkovitz in the course of his Colombian field work. This material contained a new tinamou related to the large black species de- scribed from Peru by the late Boardman Conover in 1949. Research by the staff was much aided by the continued curatorial assistance of Mrs. Ellen T. Smith, Associate, especially in the rearrangement of the game-bird collections incorporated with the Conover Col- lection received in 1951. The work of the West Africa Zoological Expedition in French Equatorial Africa and Angola, begun in 1950, was concluded at the end of the year. In addition to a small by-product of mammal specimens and bird skeletons, nearly two thousand specimens of birds have been received, and the final material from this expedition 52 is expected early in 1953. Field Associate D. S. Rabor continued collecting in the Philippine Islands, adding more than three hundred birdskins to the collection by his field work in Mindanao and Negros islands. Work of the Buchen East Africa Expedition, financed and led by Walther Buchen, Trustee, is described on page 30. The principal research in the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles was the programmed studies of Curator Clifford H. Pope on North American salamanders, to which his second expedition to Mexico was also chiefly directed. As in 1951, a special effort was made to collect salamanders from the escarpment of the Mexican plateau, where the species of the mainly North American family Plethodon- tidae have undergone a remarkable diversification that has resulted in a bewildering variety of closely related forms and therefore afford an opportunity to study evolution in progress. Hymen Marx, Assistant, prepared two short papers on snakes received from Field Associate Harry Hoogstraal, who is stationed in Cairo. Stanley Rand, temporary assistant, completed a report on the collection of amphibians and reptiles that he made in El Salvador in 1951. The comprehensive study of Philippine amphibians, begun by Assistant Curator Robert F. Inger before his transfer from the Division of Reptiles to the Division of Fishes, was completed by the end of the year for publication. In the course of the year Dr. Karl P. Schmidt, Chief Curator, found time to return actively to herpetological studies, mainly in the taxonomy of the venomous snakes of the genus Micrurus, and to studies of the fauna of southwestern Asia. Two papers were completed to report his personal acquaintance with the remarkable New Zealand reptile, the tuatara, made on the occasion of his attendance of the Seventh Pacific Science Congress in 1949. At the end of the year the Chief Curator's manuscript for a new edition of Checklist of North American Amphibians and Reptiles, begun in 1946, had been closed and sent to the University of Chicago Press to be published by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. Miss Laura Brodie, Assistant, continued the measuring and marking of blue racers from a hibernation aggre- gation of this local species of snake in the Indiana dunes region. In the Division of Fishes Curator Loren P. Woods continued his investigations of the fish fauna of the Gulf of Mexico, in which study his interest centers on taxonomy and relation of distribution to depth and nature of the bottom. Late in the year he and Assist- ant Curator Inger participated in another exploration cruise aboard the motor-vessel Oregon of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. They again reached Campeche Banks in the southern 53 Gulf of Mexico and were able, for the first time, to collect reef fishes by the technique of poisoning with rotenone. The large collections from the Gulf Coast of Texas, presented by the Texas Game, Fish and Oyster Commission, have been especially important to the Division of Fishes because of its continuing interest in the Gulf of Mexico, and these collections have yielded an unexpected series of undescribed species. A review by Curator Woods of the squirrel fishes (Holocentrus) is now in press. Assistant Curator Inger completed an ecological study of the brackish and fresh-water fishes of Borneo that he collected on the Borneo Zoological Expe- dition of 1950, including in his paper information on feeding habits of fishes of tropical fresh-water streams. He also studied the fishes of an off-shore coral reef, from which he had obtained the first such collection available from Borneo. Woods and Inger have continued their joint studies of cave fishes of the central United States in search of clues to the relation of the family Amblyopsidae with other groups of fishes. Mrs. Marion Grey, Associate, has continued work on a checklist of fishes found below one-thousand fathoms and study of deep-sea fishes of the genus Tetragonurus. The research of the Division of Vertebrate Anatomy continued to center around the anatomy of the giant panda and related car- nivores, with detailed study of the architecture of the masticatory apparatus and of the pelvis. Notable progress was made during the year on the drawings to illustrate the monograph on the giant panda, work now in the hands of Miss Phyllis Wade, assistant. The masticatory apparatus of the South American spectacled bear (Tremarctos) , which resembles that of the giant panda, was studied and a special report embodying the results was prepared by Curator D. Dwight Davis for publication. In continuation of his interest in animal behavior he wrote a paper on the remarkable defensive behavior of a helmeted iguanid lizard that was received alive from Central America. He is preparing a manuscript describing the mammals collected by the Borneo Zoological Expedition of 1950 and, with Dr. Waldemar Meister, of Chicago College of Osteopathy, completed a report on the fetal membranes and placenta of the white shrew (Echinosorex gymnura), one of the most generalized of living mammals. Research Associate R. M. Strong continued his work on the anatomy of the large American salamander Necturus and on the anatomy of various families of birds. Early in the year Curator Rupert L. Wenzel of the Division of Insects terminated his study of type specimens of New World his- terid beetles in the collection of museums in London, Paris, and Genoa and returned to Chicago. Dr. Charles H. Seevers, Research 54 Associate, continued his study of the staphylinid beetles associated with termites and completed the first draft of a monograph on these remarkable insects, important additions to which work are based on material in the Bernhauer Collection acquired in 1951 from Vienna. Field work was limited to a six-week trip by Associate Curator Henry S. Dybas to California by way of the Southwest in April and May to obtain a representative sample of the minute insects of the forest floor and similar niches in the areas visited. He obtained much valuable material, including many interesting specimens of the minute feather-winged fungus-inhabiting beetles of the family Ptiliidae, object of his special studies for many years. Supplementary material in a new exhibit of perching songbirds in Hall 21, such as the knot'tying diagrams and the nest in this panel, gives variety to the display. WtAVIR BIRDS 55 Dr. Fritz Haas, Curator of Lower Invertebrates, spent five weeks in Cuba studying the remarkable local distribution of land snails. In this work he received the cordial aid of his colleagues at the University of Havana and of other students and collectors. Later in the year he spent two weeks in examination of the beach fauna of Lake Worth, Florida, where he was also cordially received by the enthusiastic local group of collectors and students of shells. Studies of the collections made on these trips are in progress. Other research was a by-product of curatorial duties in the course of revision of the material of various families of land snails in the Museum collections, mainly in the Walter F. Webb Collection. Also a by-product of rearrangement of the collections was the list of mollusks of the Solomon Islands completed by Alan Solem, assistant during the summer. The continuing routine work of the Department of Zoology forms an essential background for both research and exhibition. Tanner Dominick Villa was aided by Celestino Kalinowski, Assistant Taxi- dermist, in the preparation of skins for exhibition, the care of the collection, and the remaking of study skins. Mrs. Dorothy B. Foss, Osteologist, continued to prepare skeletons of mammals, birds, and reptiles received from Brookfield and Lincoln Park zoos for the permanent reference collection that is essential both to vertebrate paleontology and to comparative anatomy. Curator Emeritus William J. Gerhard continued with the transfer of the Strecker Collection of moths and butterflies to new cases and arrangement of the pamphlet library. August Ziemer, Assistant, was engaged throughout the year in mounting insects for permanent storage. The work of Artist Margaret G. Bradbury for the various divisions contributed to the success of exhibits and technical papers. Accessions— Zoology Wide recognition of the Division of Insects as an active research center is reflected in the amount of type material presented, acquired by exchange, or made available for purchase. Exchange with the British Museum (Natural History), London, brought 538 histerid beetles for Curator Wenzel's special interest, and these include 197 cotypes. By purchase 203 paratypes from various groups of insects were acquired during the year. Gifts added 83 types and paratypes. The corrected figure for the Bernhauer Collection of staphylinid beetles, purchased in 1951 (see Annual Report, page 62), is 115,000 specimens. Of special importance to the research program of the 56 Division of Fishes are the gifts of 1,946 specimens (105 species) of marine fishes, from Dr. J. A. Ramos, of the Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico; 1,329 specimens (about 55 species) of fresh-water fishes, from the Fisheries Department of the Colony of North Borneo; 230 fishes of the Gulf of Mexico, from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service; and 37 lots of marine invertebrates of the Gulf of Mexico, from the Texas Game, Fish and Oyster Commission. Valuable gifts of mollusks were received from Miguel L. Jaume and Dr. Mario Sanchez Roig, of Havana, Cuba; Dr. Argentino A. Bonetto, of Santa Fe, Argentina; Dr. Helmut Sick, of Rio de Janerio, Brazil; and Dr. Otto Schubart, of Sao Paula, Brazil. Major gifts to the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles are 903 specimens from Dr. Harold Trapido, of Gorgas Memorial Laboratory in Panama, and 58 specimens from Captain Robert Guillaudeu, Korea, a volunteer assistant in past years. An outstanding purchase in the Division of Birds was the Mbnniche Collection amounting to 1,595 specimens from the restricted region of the Volcan Chiriqui, the highest mountain in Panama. Other purchases of exotic birds include 350 from Tanganyika Territory, 464 from India, 82 from Southwest Africa, and two (of an extinct species) from New Zealand. The largest gift to the Division of Mammals was 982 mammals of Egypt and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, from departmental Field Associate Hoogstraal, who also generously gave birds, reptiles, am- phibians, insects, and mollusks to the collections. Exhibits— Zoology The most important addition to the zoological exhibition halls during the year is the exhibit of wax models showing the mechanics and comparative anatomy of the muscles of vertebrates that was installed in the Hall of Vertebrate Anatomy (Hall 19). The models, some of which were made several years ago by Miss Nellie Starkson, were prepared by Artist Joseph B. Krstolich under the direction of Curator Davis. An exhibit of songbirds, third in a series of perching birds of the world, was installed in Boardman Conover Hall (Birds in Systematic Arrangement, Hall 21). The exhibit, prepared by Taxidermist Carl W. Cotton under the direction of Curator Rand, embodies several features that mark important improvements in exhibition technique, chief of which are grouping of related birds on raised panels in uniform poses, reduction of perch material, and addition of supplementary explanatory material such as nests and drawings. Taxidermist Ronald J. Lambert was occupied with 57 reinstallation of five exhibits in Albert W. Harris Hall (Hall 18, Reptiles, Amphibians, and Insects) of various turtles and lizards. The preparation of habitat groups of the Malay tapir and of the northern sea otter was under way during the year. The sea-otter scene will show a family group on the tidal rocks of Amchitka Island in the Aleutians where a protected colony of sea otters, once near extermination, now flourishes. The sea otters — a male, a female, and one youngster — have been mounted by Taxidermist Frank C. Wonder. The habitat group of the tapir, in the hands of Taxidermist Leon L. Walters, likewise was well advanced at the end of the year. Material for this group was obtained by the Rush Watkins Zoological Expedition to Siam in 1949. At the end of the year work was actively under way on the African marsh-bird group, for which the larger birds have been mounted and the papyrus and water-lily accessories are ready for installation. A motion-picture record of the construction of this group is being made by Taxi- dermist Lambert, which, with the films taken by the Buchen East Africa Expedition, will be the first complete record of a Museum habitat group from field to laboratory to exhibition hall. Model showing the external muscles of a lizard is a detail from the new exhibit in Hall 19 that explains the mechanics of motion and shows how muscles function. 58 LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM The organization and growth of the Library of the Museum have been based on a systematic selective system of acquisition by purchase, by exchange with institutions in many countries, and by solicitation of publications from other educational organizations. The new acquisitions cited elsewhere in this Report (see page 96) are a measure of this activity during the year. However, a science library with a definite program of acquisition must foresee future needs so that it can avoid a fixed policy that may later confuse and impoverish the collection. The Museum Library therefore en- deavors to acquire comprehensively in those fields where the material is related to its collection, but material is not purchased that is already represented adequately in other libraries where it is easily available unless some special reason requires its presence in the Museum. A review of the daily flow of incoming bibliographical material is effective in the Library's system of selection. The Library's growth and activity has continued during the year at an accelerated rate. A total of 1,740 volumes was added to the collection by purchase, exchange, and gift and 809 volumes were withdrawn. As in past years gifts to the Library have been received in quantity, and I take this opportunity to thank all donors for their support. An example of the kind of gift received by the Library is E. J. C. Esper's Die Schmetterlinge, Charpentier edition [1829-39?], a notable gift from Cyril F. Dos Passos. The Museum further gratefully acknowledges the constant outstanding co-operation of John Crerar Library in placing in the Museum Library on indefinite loan or permanent loan important serials, such as Encyclopedie Mycologique (volumes 1 to 13). Acquisition of publications does not produce a library, however. Classification and cataloguing are essential, and the catalogue of a library that engages in collecting research publications over many decades becomes a powerful bibliographic instrument of many uses. Although the catalogue of the Museum Library cannot be considered sufficiently exhaustive in any one field to satisfy the specialist, it has an advantage over general bibliography in that it not only lists, under the Library of Congress system, but also locates monographic publications and frequently indicates which mono- graphs themselves contain bibliographies. Volumes reclassified in 1952 under Library of Congress classification totaled 5,560, and 22,028 cards covering this material were filed in the various cata- logues. All new material received for the departmental libraries since September, 1947, has been classified under Library of Congress 59 classification and considerable parts of the anthropology and zoology libraries have been reclassified (including about three-fourths of the ornithology division and the entire reptile division) as well as parts of the botany and geology libraries. A total of 36,284 volumes has been classified since the beginning of the project, and 85,357 cards have been added to the new Library of Congress catalogue. In addition 1,592 analytics have been made for monographs. Serial publications (periodicals, journals, etc.) present a special problem because they are by far the most numerous publications the Library receives and they are also the type of publication most used by the scientific divisions of the Museum. Most of this material is received by exchange with institutions all over the world. The fact that many organizations were receiving the Museum's publi- cations while not fulfilling their part of the original agreement was disclosed through revision of old exchange agreements. Another result of this revision has been the establishment of important new exchange agreements. This access to the world-wide literary cover- age of scientific and cultural progress in the Museum's own special subject-fields, so important to the work of all its divisions, is made possible largely by the cordial exchange relations maintained be- tween the Museum and academies and learned societies, univer- sities, museums, and other scientific and cultural organizations both at home and abroad. During the year 22,235 items (exclusive of books) were received in the Library, of which 7,649 represented serials recorded on the Kardex. In comparison, 9,539 items (ex- clusive of books) were received in the Library in 1948. An important service of the Library is the translation into English of correspondence received for the entire Museum. Two hundred and seven communications were translated from French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Russian. Another important piece of work is the continued checking of the Library's serial holdings for inclusion in the forthcoming supplement of Union List of Serials in Libraries of the United States and Canada. The Museum Library reported many new titles and additions as well as revisions. This important co-operative undertaking of the principal libraries of this country and Canada results in the continuation of one of the most useful and time-saving of bibliographic tools. The overcrowded condition of the Library's shelves, which has been a handicap to efficient use of the Library, has been relieved in part by the installation of additional shelving in both the botany and geology libraries and by withdrawal from the collection of material not falling directly within the scope of our interests. The proceeds from the sale of this material provided the means of 60 acquiring desiderata long on the Library's list. Accelerated activity in the Library's binding operations is indicated by 1,960 volumes bound in 1952 in comparison with the 750 volumes bound in 1951. The use of the Library for reference is increasing and many of the reference questions from outsiders require hours of painstaking research. Loan-desk records show that 2,585 volumes were bor- rowed by nonmembers of the Museum staff. Through interlibrary loan, an important service of the Library that immediately provides members of the Museum's scientific staff with data needed in re- search, 205 volumes were borrowed during the year. PHOTOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATION The Division of Photography made during the year a total of 20,032 negatives, prints, enlargements, and lantern slides for the Museum, other institutions, the press, and general sales. More than 110,000 negatives are now in the photography files. Miscellaneous art work supplied to the departments and divisions of the Museum during the year by Douglas E. Tibbitts, Staff Illustrator, includes labels, charts, map revisions, color studies, cartoons, and lettering. Major projects completed or nearly completed by him were illustrations for two series of "Museum Stories" and for six important scientific publications, among them Birds of Mexico, A Guide for Field Iden- tification and Orchids of Guatemala. PUBLIC RELATIONS The Museum is now on the air visually as well as audibly from one to several times every day on every one of Chicago's four television stations. Publicity by television was begun by the Museum in September after long and careful planning and preparation. Officials of the television stations credit the Museum with the distinction of being the first educational institution in Chicago to use the technique of spot announcements and pictures on this newest medium of communication day by day through every local outlet as a means of calling attention to scientific and cultural activities. It is par- ticularly appropriate that the Museum should be a leader in using television in this way because it pioneered in educational programs in 1940 when television was still in an experimental stage with but one telecasting station and about one hundred receiving sets in Chicago. In the years since these small beginnings, during which 61 television has developed as a major means of communication with the public, representation on many programs had been arranged by H. B. Harte, Public Relations Counsel. In 1952 steps were taken to expand use of the new medium on a regular schedule. The present Museum project was put into operation by Miss Christine Tardy, of the Public Relations staff, who contacted officials of the television stations in Chicago and arranged for the Museum to use a part of the time they are required to devote to unpaid-for public-service telecasts. In conferences with executives and tech- nicians of each station — WBKB ( American Broadcasting Company- Paramount Theaters, Inc.), WBBM-TV (Columbia Broadcasting System), WGN-TV (Chicago Tribune -Dumont Television Network), and WNBQ (National Broadcasting Company) — suitable formats were established and the groundwork in technical requirements was laid for the Museum's part of the operations. The Museum is indebted to the personnel of the television stations and to the com- panies owning the facilities for their fine co-operation and generous allocation of time. The television stations have furnished reports indicating that the time given free of charge to the Museum during the last four months of the year in which service was instituted, if billed at commercial television-advertising rates, would have cost more than $32,000. The Museum's televised messages are not commercial and are intended only to bring visitors to the Museum by publicizing current activities, such as lectures, motion pictures, or special exhibits, and by stimulating interest in natural history. In addition to the daily television spots the Museum was represented in a number of fifteen- minute and half-hour programs under various sponsorships, in which members of the Museum's scientific staff took part or proper- ties furnished by the Museum were used. Plans have been made for the Museum to participate in series of full-length programs now in preparation. The number of publicity releases prepared for the press by the Division of Public Relations was 420 in comparison with 258 for the year before. These news-stories often resulted in special articles and picture-layouts in leading newspapers and in magazines such as Holiday, Pageant, and London Illustrated News. During the summer the Chicago Sun-Times became interested in the Museum's South- west Archaeological Expedition and sent its own staff correspondent to New Mexico to write a series of on-the-spot feature stories. For coverage of Museum news and pictures throughout the year the Museum thanks the local press, particularly the Chicago Daily News, Chicago Her aid- American, Chicago Sun-Times, and Chicago Tribune, 62 Presentation of flags to winning troops of Girl Scouts from the Chicago area was climax of a nature'Study project sponsored at the Museum by Brook Hill Farms, Inc. and, for national and international news coverage, the Associated Press, International News Photos, International News Service, Sci- ence Service, and United Press Association. Special thanks are given to the City News Bureau of Chicago, which makes its pneu- matic tubes to all Chicago newspaper offices available for the trans- mission of news releases from the Museum. An additional source of publicity is the Museum Bulletin, which is published regularly each month and distributed to Members of the Museum, scientific and civic institutions, and the press. For providing time and facilities for widespread radio publicity the Museum thanks the following networks and stations: American Broadcasting Company, Columbia Broadcasting System, Mutual Broadcasting System, National Broadcasting Company, WMAQ, WGN, WIND, WBBM, WENR, WLS, WJJD, WAIT, WAAF, WBIK, WCFL, WCRW, WEAW, WEDC, WFJL, WFMF, WFMT, WGES, WHFC, WHIP, WLEY, WNMP, WOPA, WSBC, and WXRT. The Museum's lecture courses for adults and the pro- grams for children presented by Raymond Foundation were adver- tised, as in past years, by posters on station platforms andj in passenger coaches through the continued co-operation of the Chicago, Aurora and Elgin Railroad, Chicago and North Western Railway, Illinois Central System, and Chicago Transit Authority. 63 PUBLICATIONS AND PRINTING During the year 16,719 publications of the Museum were distributed in exchange with both domestic and foreign institutions and forty- five new exchange agreements were established. A comprehensive revision of the Museum's exchange relationships was continued in an effort to conform closely to the needs and interests of the more than 1,300 institutions and scientists with whom the Museum ex- changes publications (see page 60). Sales totaled 50,784 copies. The Museum printed during the year eighteen publications in its scientific series, two (one reprint) in its popular series, one annual report, and one index to volumes. The total number of copies printed was 42,487 of which 41,537 copies were printed by letter- press, with a total of 1,968 pages of type composition, and 950 copies were printed by the Vari-type-offset process, with a total of 205 pages of Vari-type composition. Twelve numbers of Chicago Natural History Museum Bulletin were printed, averaging 6,000 copies an issue. Other work totaled 1,060,224 impressions. Two series of "Museum Stories" and miscellaneous work by the Vari- type-offset process totaled 334,464 impressions. The following publications were issued by the Museum: DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY Hambly, Wilfrid D. Bibliography of African Anthropology, 1937-191*9, Supplement to Source Book of African Anthropology, 1937, Fieldiana: Anthropology, vol. 37, no. 2, 140 pages Martin, Paul S., John B. Rinaldo, Elaine Bluhm, Hugh C. Cutler, and Roger Grange, Jr. Mogollon Cultural Continuity and Change, The Stratigraphic Analysis of Tularosa and Cordova Caves, Fieldiana: Anthropology, vol. 40, 527 pages, 179 illustrations Martin, Richard A. Mummies, Popular Series, Anthropology, no. 36, 18 pages, 20 illustrations (reprint) DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY Ames, Oakes, and Donovan Stewart Correll Orchids of Guatemala, Fieldiana: Botany, vol. 26, no. 1, 407 pages, 109 illustrations Standley, Paul C, and Julian A. Steyermark Flora of Guatemala, Fieldiana: Botany, vol. 24, part 3, 436 pages, 56 illus- trations Steyermark, Julian A., and Collaborators Contributions to the Flora of Venezuela, Fieldiana: Botany, vol. 28, no. 2, 205 pages, 54 illustrations 64 Lycaste virginalis, national flower of Guatemala, is the frontispiece of a recent Museum publication, No. 1 of "Orchids of Guatemala" (1— flowering plant, 2-flower and peduncle, 3-column front-side; all reduced). Drawing by Douglas E. Tibbitts. 65 DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Denison, Robert H. Early Devonian Fishes from Utah, Part I. Osteostraci, Fieldiana: Geology, vol. 11, no. 6, 23 pages, 11 illustrations Olson, Everett Clair Fauna of the Upper Vale and Choza: 6, Diplocaulus, Fieldiana: Geology, vol. 10, no. 14, 20 pages, 7 illustrations Sinclair, G. Winston A Classification of the Conularida, Fieldiana: Geology, vol. 10, no. 13, 11 pages, 1 illustration DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY BOULTON, RUDYERD, AND AUSTIN L. RAND A Collection of Birds from Mount Cameroon, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 5, 30 pages Haas, Fritz On the Mollusk Fauna of the Land-locked Waters of Bermuda, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 8, 5 pages South American Non-Marine Shells: Further Remarks and Descriptions, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 9, 26 pages, 27 illustrations Kanazawa, Robert H. More New Species and New Records of Fishes from Bermuda, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 7, 30 pages, 4 illustrations Rand, Austin L. Secondary Sexual Characters and Ecological Competition, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 6, 6 pages, 2 illustrations Sanborn, Colin Campbell Philippine Zoological Expedition, 19b6-19b7, Mammals, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 33, no. 2, 72 pages, 14 illustrations Schmidt, Karl P. A New Leptodactylid Frog from Chile, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 2, 5 pages, 2 illustrations Crocodile Hunting in Central America, Popular Series, Zoology, no. 15, 23 pages, 10 illustrations References to the Tuatara in the Stephen Island Letter Book, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 1, 10 pages, 3 illustrations The Surinam Coral Snake, Micrurus surinamensis, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 4, 10 pages, 3 illustrations Traylor, Melvin A., Jr. Notes on Birds from the Marcapata Valley, Cuzco, Peru, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 3, 7 pages ADMINISTRATIVE PUBLICATIONS Report of the Director to the Board of Trustees for the Year 1951, 136 pages, 23 illustrations 66 CO-OPERATION WITH OTHER INSTITUTIONS One of the many research undertakings in which the Museum has been co-operating with other scientific institutions is the Micro- nesian insect survey directed by the Pacific Science Board of the National Research Council under the sponsorship of the Office of Naval Research. Henry S. Dybas, Associate Curator of Insects, spent six months in the Palau and other Micronesian islands during 1947-48 in this connection and brought back collections totaling approximately forty thousand specimens. Earlier, during World War II, he had made valuable personal collections of insects of the Pacific islands, chiefly from the Marianas where he was stationed. Preliminary sorting of the Pacific Science Board collections as well as pinning and labeling of a considerable amount of the material was accomplished at this Museum. These collections and collections made by other entomologists during and since the war, either independently or in co-operation with the Pacific Science Board, are to form the basis of a projected work, "Insects of Micronesia," to be published by Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, under the sponsorship of the Pacific Science Board and with aid from the National Science Foundation. In- dividual families of insects will be studied by specialists throughout the world and each will write his respective contribution to the work, which, it is planned, will consist of two or more volumes. In April Dr. J. Linsley Gressitt, of the Pacific Science Board, spent several weeks at the Museum conferring with our staff and assisting in packing and distributing to the designated specialists the collec- tions deposited here. Associate Curator Dybas spent the greater part of his time during the last half of the year in sorting the re- mainder of his wartime collections from the Mariana Islands so that this material can also be prepared and distributed to the co-operating contributors, a task, it is hoped, that will be completed by the end of 1953. Members of our staff and other specialists closely asso- ciated with our Division of Insects will write sections on their special groups of insects. Other similar co-operative projects of the Museum are mentioned in this Report under the headings of the scientific departments. It is gratifying to report that the Colombia Zoological Expedition, which was in the field from 1948 until the fall of 1952 (see pages 31 and 51), was able to work with the Christian Brothers of the Museo de Historia Natural de La Salle, Bogota, in their endeavor to restore the museum after its nearly complete destruction during the riots in Bogota of April 9, 1948. Cordial relationships and close scien- 67 tific ties have always existed between that institution and our De- partment of Zoology, and the Museum is indebted to the late Brother Apolinar Maria and to Brother Nic£foro Maria, actual director of the museum, for the loan and gifts of many specimens needed in our zoological research. The Instituto de La Salle assigned Brother Antonio Miguel to our expedition for a month's field train- ing in the Caqueta region. Later, Brother Roberto Mario, on a similar assignment, received field training in Muzo and in San Cris- tobal. Some time was spent in assisting the reorganization along modern lines of the Bogota institution in its new quarters. On termination of field work the bulk of our expedition's equipment was left with the Christian Brothers for use in increasing their collection of scientific specimens. Members of the scientific staff of the Museum continued to conduct classes at the Museum and to lecture at several universities. Advanced classes in archaeology and museology were held at the Museum for the University of Chicago by Dr. Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator of Anthropology, Donald Collier, Curator of South Ameri- can Ethnology and Archaeology, and George I. Quimby, Curator of Exhibits. Dr. Alexander Spoehr, Curator of Oceanic Ethnology, gave a course in Oceanic ethnology at the University of Chicago, during which he brought his students to the Museum to study our collections. The advanced course in vertebrate paleontology of the University of Chicago was given as usual at the Museum by Pro- fessor Everett C. Olson, Research Associate in Fossil Vertebrates, with Dr. Robert H. Denison, Curator of Fossil Fishes, assisting. D. D wight Davis, Curator of Vertebrate Anatomy, conducted a seminar at the University of Illinois. Dr. Theodor Just, Chief Curator of Botany, lectured at Yale University. Among students who carried on graduate or special study at the Museum under supervision of members of the scientific staff were: Roger Grange, Jr., and Robert Skinner, with Chief Curator Martin and Dr. John B. Rinaldo, Assistant Curator of Archaeology; Phillip Lewis (Chicago Natural History Museum Fellow), with Curator Spoehr; Chester E. Hansen and John W. Thieret (Chicago Natural History Museum Fellow), with Chief Curator Just (preparation of theses); Glen Moore, with Dr. B. E. Dahlgren, Curator Emeritus of Botany; Lawrence Kaplan, with Dr. Hugh C. Cutler, Curator of Economic Botany; Abdul Hussain Al-Mahroosey (from the National Museum of Iraq, Baghdad), with Bryan Patterson, Curator of Fossil Mammals; Samuel B. Horowitz and Ralph Gordon Johnson, with Dr. Karl P. Schmidt, Chief Curator of Zoology; and William J. Beecher, with Curator Davis. 68 Art schools of Chicago hold regular sketching classes in the halls of the Museum. Undergraduate students from nearby colleges and universities — mainly the University of Chicago, Chicago Teachers College, Na- tional College of Education, North Central College, Northwestern University, Roosevelt College, Valparaiso University, and Wheaton College — are coming in increasing numbers to the Museum for information. Some of the students are teachers-in-training who wish to know of the educational services offered by the Museum to teachers, and others are students working on special problems. Classes in botany from the University of Chicago, De Paul Uni- versity, Northwestern University, Valparaiso University, and Wayne University visited the Museum's herbaria. Supervised classes from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago Academy of Fine Arts, Academy of Applied Arts, and Institute of Design use the Museum exhibits as source-materials for sketches, models, and designs that often are outstanding in individuality. A special show- ing of work by students from the School of the Art Institute is 69 placed in Stanley Field Hall of the Museum for one month in the summer. Under the co-operative educational plan adopted in 1946 by the Museum and Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio, fifteen young men and women were employed in 1952 by the Museum in its scientific departments and Library. Scientists from other museums and from universities and colleges continued to use the research collections and laboratories of the Museum and to consult with members of its scientific staff. S. A. Cohagan, secretary of Grout Historical Museum, Waterloo, Iowa, consulted at length with members of the Department of Anthro- pology concerning plans for a museum program and a new museum building. Dr. David Baerreis, of the University of Wisconsin, spent several weeks at the Museum making color slides of Mexican antiquities for the series of slides on anthropological subjects that are distributed for teaching purposes to colleges and universities by the University of Wisconsin. E. D. Hester, research associate in the department of anthropology of the University of Chicago, con- tinued his studies of Philippine ethnology at the Museum and gave great assistance to the Museum in matters pertaining to the Philip- pine Islands. Among others who examined the anthropological collections were Carl Schuster, New York; Dr. Kenneth Chapman, Laboratory of Anthropology, Santa Fe, New Mexico; Keith Dixon, University of California at Los Angeles; Miss Dorothy Menzel and Carlton Calkin, University of California; Dr. Jacques J. Clere, Paris (exchange professor at Brown University) ; and Miss Dorothy Leadbeater, New York. Visiting botanists who consulted with the staff of the Department of Botany or used the Museum's botanical collections and labora- tories include Dr. Louis 0. Williams, Escuela Agricola Panamericana, Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Dr. Glen S. Winteringer, Illinois State Mu- seum; Dr. Bernice Templeton, Los Angeles County Museum; Dr. Duane Isely, Iowa State College; Dr. and Mrs. Leon Croizat, Merida, Venezuela; Paul Allen, United Fruit Company, Turrialba, Costa Rica; Dr. Fred Barkley, Yonkers, New York; Dr. Norman C. Fassett and Mason E. Hale, University of Wisconsin; Dr. and Mrs. Bryan S. Womersley, University of Adelaide, Australia; Dr. Chester S. Nielsen, Florida State University; Dr. Henry A. Imshaug, John L. Blum, K. H. McKnight, and Grady L. Webster, University of Michigan; John L. Wallace, Academy of Natural Sciences; Dr. A. B. Joly, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Dr. Dorothy E. Fensholt, Illinois State Normal University; Mr. and Mrs. William A. Daily, Butler University; and Dr. Edgar Anderson and E. D. Rudolph, Missouri Botanical Garden. 70 Scientists who studied the collections in the Department of Geology or used the paleontological laboratories include Professor D. M. S. Watson, University College, London (currently Agassiz Professor at Harvard University); Dr. Erik A. Stensio, Stockholm Natural History Museum; Dr. Edward P. Henderson, United States National Museum; Dr. Llewellyn I. Price, Division of Geology and Mineralogy, Rio de Janeiro; Dr. M. R. Sahni, Geological Survey of India, Calcutta; Dr. Claude W. Hibbard, University of Michigan; Dr. Paul 0. McGrew, University of Wyoming; and Dr. Charles A. Reed, University of Illinois. Among the more extended studies carried on in the laboratories of the Department of Zoology, with the use of research collections and in association with the staff, are those of Dr. Walter C. Brown, Northwestern University, on lizards of the Pacific Islands; R. Gerard Albright, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, on the mechanism of swallowing in snakes; Dr. Edward M. Nelson, Stritch School of Medicine, on the swim bladder of fishes; and Dr. E. L. Du Brul, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois, on con- sequences of erect posture in man and other animals. Visiting zoologists who consulted with the staff or spent some time in examination of our collections include Robert Nero, Museum of the Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin; William H. Phelps, Caracas, Venezuela; Bushir Alouse, National Museum of Iraq, Baghdad; Dr. Dillon S. Ripley, Jr., Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale Univeristy; Dr. Robert W. Storer and Dr. Josselyn Van Tyne, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan; Dwain W. Warner, Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota; Dr. John T. Zimmer (formerly of the Museum staff) and Dr. W. S. Gertsch, American Museum of Natural History; Juan A. Rivero, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez; Richard Edgren, of G. D. Searle and Company; Norman Wilimovsky, Stan- ford University; Dr. P. N. Ehlers, Heidelberg, Germany; Dr. Orlando Park, Northwestern University; Dr. F. W. Newell, School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Dr. R. L. Roonwal, Depart- ment of Forest Research, India; A. A. Wood and R. E. Graves, Dominion Entomological Laboratory, Chatham, Ontario; Dr. M. W. Sanderson, Dr. Herbert H. Ross, and Harold Hanson, Illinois State Natural History Survey; Professor Melville Hatch, University of Washington; Cincinnato Goncalves and R. L. Araujo, Institute Biologico, Sao Paulo; Dr. J. L. Camin, Chicago Academy of Sciences; Dr. M. Muhsam, Hebrew University, Jerusalem; Dr. Sidney Camras, Chicago; Dr. Cornelius B. Philip, Rocky Mountain Laboratory; and Dr. E. W. Jameson, University of California. 71 ACTIVITIES OF STAFF MEMBERS IN SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES Dr. Alexander Spoehr, Curator of Oceanic Ethnology, attended the international symposium on anthropology held in New York by the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, conferences in Washington, D.C., and Honolulu in connection with the National Research Council's program of anthropological research in the Pa- cific, and the meetings of the American Anthropological Association in Philadelphia. He continued as chairman of the National Re- search Council's subcommittee on Pacific archaeology and was appointed a consultant to the Pacific Science Board. Donald Collier, Curator of South American Ethnology and Archaeology, and Dr. John B. Rinaldo, Assistant Curator of Archaeology, attended the concurrent meetings in Columbus, Ohio, of the Central States Branch of the American Anthropological Association, of which Curator Collier was second vice-president, and the Society for American Archeology. Dr. Rinaldo and Miss Elaine Bluhm, Assistant in Archaeology, attended the Pecos Conference on Southwestern ar- chaeology at the Laboratory of Anthropology in Santa Fe, New Mexico. George L. Quimby, Curator of Exhibits, was elected to membership in the Norwegian honorary anthropological (totemic) society at the University of Oslo. He attended a conference on North American archaeology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Theodor Just, Chief Curator of Botany, was one of two Americans who participated as guests of the French National Re- search Council in the symposium on evolution in plants held in Paris at Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. He attended sev- eral meetings in Washington, D.C., of the divisional committee of the Division of Biological Sciences of the National Science Founda- tion and, with Dr. Francis Drouet, Curator of the Cryptogamic Herbarium, Dr. Earl E. Sherff, Research Associate in Systematic Botany, and Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, Curator of the Phanero- gamic Herbarium, attended the annual meetings of the American Institute of Biological Sciences at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Chief Curator Just was appointed chairman of the committee on synopsis of plant genera by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists and continued as chairman of the committee on paleo- botany of the Division of Geology and Geography of the National Research Council and as secretary of the Society for the Study of Evolution. Curator Steyermark, who was invited to attend the Third General Assembly of the International Congress for the Pro- tection of Nature held in Caracas, Venezuela, sent a paper, "The 72 Destructive Effect of Dams to Plant Life," to be read at the meeting. Dr. Hugh C. Cutler, Curator of Economic Botany, attended a meeting in Washington, D. C, of the National Research Council's committee on the preservation of indigenous strains of maize. Dr. Sharat K. Roy, Chief Curator of Geology, attended the meetings in Boston of the Geological Society of America, and Dr. Robert H. Denison, Curator of Fossil Fishes, attended the con- current meetings of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. Chief Curator Roy and Robert K. Wyant, Curator of Economic Geology, attended a conference at Yerkes Observatory, Williams Bay, Wis- consin, on the composition of meteorites. In recognition of his years of research in fields of zoology, most notably in herpetology, the honorary degree of Doctor of Science was conferred on Karl P. Schmidt, Chief Curator of Zoology, by Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana, on the occasion of the dedi- cation on October 25 of the David Worth Dennis Hall of Science and the Stout Memorial Meeting House. Chief Curator Schmidt gave the annual John Wesley Powell Lecture before a meeting of the Western Division of the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science at University of Colorado, Boulder. Dr. Austin L. Rand, Curator of Birds, attended the meetings of the American Ornithologists' Union at Baton Rouge, Louisiana. D. Dwight Davis, Curator of Vertebrate Anatomy, Robert F. Inger, Assistant Curator of Fishes, Clifford H. Pope, Curator of Amphibians and Reptiles, and Loren P. Woods, Curator of Fishes, attended the meetings of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists at the University of Texas, Austin, where Curator Pope was chairman of the nominating committee, Curator Woods was elected a member of the board of governors, and Curator Davis was appointed chair- man of the publication committee for Checklist of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. Chief Curator Schmidt was elected a fellow of California Academy of Sciences, Emmet R. Blake, Asso- ciate Curator of Birds, a fellow of the American Ornithologists' Union, and Rupert L. Wenzel, Curator of Insects, a fellow of the Entomological Society of America. Colin Campbell Sanborn, Cura- tor of Mammals, was reappointed chairman of the committee on nomenclature of the American Society of Mammalogists. Miss Miriam Wood, Chief of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation, was one of seven participants from the United States in an international seminar held at the Brooklyn Museum of Arts and Sciences. The seminar, on the role of museums in education, was sponsored by UNESCO and attended by a total of forty representatives from twenty-five countries. Miss Wood 73 was chairman of the delegation representing the United States. Her contribution to the sessions, an outline of the educational work of Chicago Natural History Museum for both children and adults, will form part of a report to be made available to museums in member countries of the United Nations. Miss Nancy Worsham, of the staff of Raymond Foundation, attended the Fourteenth Midwest Wildlife Conference in Des Moines, Iowa. Mrs. Meta P. Howell, Librarian, attended the midwinter conference in Chicago of the American Library Association and, during the year, sessions of various professional library organizations. Several members of the Museum staff serve on editorial boards of scientific journals. Curator Spoehr continued as review editor of the American Anthropologist (official journal of the American An- thropological Association) and was appointed editor, a position from which he later resigned. Chief Curator Just continued as editor of Lloydia (quarterly journal of biological science published by Lloyd Library and Museum, Cincinnati), as editor of Paleobotanical Report (published by the Division of Geology and Geography of the Na- tional Research Council), and as member of the editorial board of American Journal of Botany (official publication of the Botanical A fossil trunk of an American cycadeoid on exhibition at the Paleobotaniska avdelningen, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, in Stockholm, is examined by our Chief Curator of Botany, Dr. Theodor Just, while on his recent visit to Europe to study the type collections in museums there. Photograph courtesy Svenska Dagbladet. 74 Society of America). Dr. Rainer Zangerl, Curator of Fossil Rep- tiles, continued as foreign-news editor and Mrs. Priscilla F. Turnbull, Assistant, as a regional editor of the Society oj Vertebrate Paleon- tology News Bulletin. Chief Curator Schmidt continued as section editor (amphibians and reptiles) of Biological Abstracts (published under the auspices of the Union of American Biological Societies), consulting editor (cold-blooded vertebrates) of American Midland Naturalist (published by the University of Notre Dame), and mem- ber of the editorial board of Ecology (official publication of the Ecological Society of America). Publications of members of the scientific staff during 1952 besides those issued by Chicago Natural History Museum include the fol- lowing articles and reviews in various journals on subjects within the Museum's four fields of interest and research, anthropology, botany, geology, and zoology: DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY Allen, T. George "Additions to the Egyptian Book of the Dead, " Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 11, pp. 177-186 "Critical Note on a King's Name," Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 11, p. 112 Collier, Donald Review of Handbook of Latin American Studies (edited by Francisco Aguilera), in American Anthropologist, vol. 52, p. 270 Review of Hoof Rattles and Girls' Puberty Rites in North and South America (by H. E. Driver and S. H. Riesenberg), in American Anthropologist, vol. 52, pp. 102-103 Review of Radiocarbon Dating (by W. F. Libby), in American Anthropologist, vol. 52, pp. 558-559 Review of Swedish Archaeological Bibliography (edited by Sverker Janson and Olof Vessberg), in American Anthropologist, vol. 52, p. 423 Review of The Archaeology of the Santa Elena Peninsula in Southwest Ecuador (by G. H. S. Bushnell), in American Anthropologist, vol. 54, pp. 252-254 Martin, Paul S. "With Pick and Shovel in Pine Lawn Valley," Archaeology, vol. 5, pp. 14-21 Quimby, George I. "The Archeology of the Upper Great Lakes Area," in Archeology of Eastern United States, edited by James B. Griffin (University of Chicago Press), pp. 99-107 Rinaldo, John B. "On Daifuku's New Conceptual Scheme for the Prehistoric Southwest," American Anthropologist, vol. 54, pp. 580-586 75 DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY CUATRECASAS, JOSE "Notas a la Flora de Colombia XII," Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias, vol. 8, pp. 464-488, 5 illustrations Drouet, Francis, and William A. Daily "A Synopsis of the Coccoid Myxophyceae," Botanical Studies (Butler Uni- versity), vol. 10, pp. 220-223 Just, Theodor "Fossil Floras of the Southern Hemisphere and Their Phytogeographical Significance," Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, vol. 99, art. 3, pp. 189-203 "Origine et Evolution de la Fleur," Annates Biologiques, tome 28, fasc. 5-6, pp. 135-143; also in Colloques Internationaux du Centre National de la Re- cherche Scientifique, vol. 41, Evolution et Phylogenie chez les Vegetaux (Paris) "The Paleobotanical Record of Zamia," American Anthropologist, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 125-126 Review of Entwicklungsgeschichte des Pflanzenreiches (by Hans Heil), in Quarterly Review of Biology, vol. 27, no. 1, p. 79 Review of Flora of the Cape Peninsula (edited by R. S. Adamson and T. M. Salter), in Quarterly Review of Biology, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 212-213 Review of Fossil Taxodiaceae in Western North America (by Ralph W. Chaney), in Ecology, vol. 33, no. 2, p. 313 Review of Glossary of the British Flora (by H. Gilbert-Carter), in Quarterly Review of Biology, vol. 27, no. 1, p. 87 Review of Studies in Late Tertiary Paleobotany (by Daniel I. Axelrod), in Ecology, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 312-313 Review of Taxonomy of Vascular Plants (by George H. M. Lawrence), in Science, vol 115, no. 2997, pp. 633-634 Review of Weizen, Roggen, Gerste — Systematik, Geschichte und Verwendung (by Elizabeth Schiemann), in Quarterly Review of Biology, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 88-89 Sherff, Earl E. "Additions to Our Knowledge of the Genus Tetraplasandra A. Gray (fam. Araliaceae), in Botanical Leaflets (published by the author), no. 6, pp. 19-41 "A Pink-flowered Form of Vicia villosa Roth.," in Botanical Leaflets (pub- lished by the author), no. 7, p. 24 "Contributions to Our Knowledge of the Genera Tetraplasandra A. Gray and Reynoldsia A. Gray (fam. Araliaceae) in the Hawaiian Islands," in Botanical Leaflets (published by the author), no. 7, pp. 7-17 "Further Notes on the Genus Bidens L. (fam. Compositae) in Tropical East Africa," in Botanical Leaflets (published by the author), no. 7, pp. 18-21 "Further Studies of Hawaiian Araliaceae: Additions to Cheirodendron Helleri Sherff and a Preliminary Treatment of the Endemic Species of Rey- noldsia A. Gray," in Botanical Leaflets (published by the author), no. 6, pp. 6-19 "Munroidendron, a New Genus of Araliaceous Trees from the Island of Kauai," in Botanical Leaflets (published by the author), no. 7, pp. 21-24 "Notes on Bidens L. and Coreopsis L. (fam. Compositae) in the United States," in Botanical Leaflets (published by the author), no. 6, pp. 2-6 "Notes on Schiedea Cham, and Schlecht. (fam. Caryophyllaceae) and Phyl- lostegia Benth. (fam. Labiatae) in the Hawaiian Islands," in Botanical Leaflets (published by the author), no. 7, pp. 6-7 "Some New or Otherwise Noteworthy Compositae from the Hawaiian Islands," in Botanical Leaflets (published by the author), no. 7, pp. 2-6 76 Steyermark, Julian A. "A New Carex from Guatemala and Honduras," Ceiba, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 23-24 "An Example of How Dams Destroy Valuable Scientific Records," Scien- tific Monthly, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 231-233 "Color Forms of the Mayapple," Rhodora, vol. 54, no. 641, pp. 131-135 "New Brazilian Species of Utricularia," Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, vol 79, no. 4, pp. 310-311 "New Missouri Plant Records (1949-1951)," Rhodora, vol. 54, no. 646, pp. 250-260 "New Pteridophyte Records from Missouri," American Fern Journal, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 61-66 [with Ernest J. Palmer] "New Rubiaceae from Panama," Ceiba, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 18-22 "Plants New to Illinois and Chicago," Rhodora, vol. 54, no. 644, pp. 208-213 [with Floyd A. Swink] "Rare Missouri Plants — I. Yellow Fringed Orchis," Missouri Botanical Gar- den Bulletin, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 33-48 "Rare Missouri Plants — II. The Ozark Chestnut," Missouri Botanical Gar- den Bulletin, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 77-80 "Rare Missouri Plants — III. The Ozark Trillium," Missouri Botanical Gar- den Bulletin, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 80-82 "Rousselia erratica" in "Plantae Centrali-Americanae, III," Ceiba, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 43-44 "The Genus Platycarpum (Rubiaceae)," American Journal of Botany, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 418-423 DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Denison, Robert H. "Types and Figured Specimens of Fossil Fishes in the Patten Collection, Dartmouth College Museum, Hanover, New Hampshire," American Midland Naturalist, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 161-164 DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY Grey, Marion "First Record of the Deepsea Fish Dolichopteryx longipes from the Pacific, with Notes on Ophthalmopelton macropus," Copeia, 1952, pp. 87-90, 1 illustration Haas, Fritz "Shells Collected by the Peabody Museum Expedition to the Near East, 1950, I. Mollusks from the Persian Gulf," Nautilus, vol. 65, pp. 114-116 Rand, Austin L. "Closely Associated Nests of Bronze Grackle and English Sparrow," Wilson Bulletin, vol. 64, pp. 105-106 [with R. M. Rand] "Mammal Bones from Dunes South of Lake Michigan," American Midland Naturalist, vol. 46, pp. 649-659 [with Stanley Rand] "Notes on Philippine Birds," Natural History Miscellanea, no. 107, pp. 1-5 [with D. S. Rabor] "Two New Birds from Philippine Islands," Natural History Miscellanea, no. 100, pp. 1-3 [with D. S. Rabor] 77 DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY (continued) Sanborn, Colin Campbell "Mammals of the Rush Watkins Zoological Expedition to Siam," Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society, vol. 15, pt. 1, pp. 1-20 "Rodents (Muridae) from Lunda District, Northeastern Angola," Publi- cacoes Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, Separata no. 14, pp. 107-120, 1 map "The Status of Triaenops wheeleri Osgood," Natural History Miscellanea, no. 97, pp. 1-3 Schmidt, Karl P. "Diagnoses of New Amphibians and Reptiles from Iran," Natural History Miscellanea, no. 93, pp. 1-2 "The Function of a University Museum," Museum News, May 15, 1952, pp. 5-8 Woods, Loren P. "Fishes Attracted to Surface Light at Night in the Gulf of Mexico," Copeia, 1952, pp. 40-41 CAFETERIA The cafeteria and lunchroom served 321,248 persons during the year, an increase of about 12,000 over last year. Dining facilities are maintained in the Museum not as a money-making enterprise but as a service to its staff and visitors because the Museum is at a considerable distance from commercial restaurants. Nevertheless the gross income of $131,654.92 included a small margin of profit, which was less than one per cent of the Museum budget. THE BOOK SHOP Again the Book Shop established new records of efficiency and service with gross sales of $68,998.85, an increase of almost $13,000 over 1951 sales. The volume of sales by mail was given considerable impetus as the result of a brief article in Good Housekeeping magazine drawing the attention of readers and parents throughout the United States and Canada to our "Museum Stories" for children that sell for one cent each. Since last August, when the article was printed, more than 225,000 of the stories have been sold, almost entirely by mail. These stories are sold at cost, and it is a matter of concern that the rising prices of paper, ink, and skilled labor may push publication costs beyond the sale price. Souvenirs and novelties are still the principal item accounting for volume of sales and profit, but the Book Shop continues to sell a substantial number of au- thoritative books on natural history and anthropology. 78 MAINTENANCE, CONSTRUCTION, AND ENGINEERING Perhaps no one at the Museum has a better general idea of its many types of activity than the Superintendent of Maintenance and the Chief Engineer. The work of their Divisions puts them in contact with everything that happens and, in most cases, brings them into the planning activities and events of the future. No exhibit can be installed without adequate cases being provided or without adequate provision for proper lighting. Museum operation requires team- work, and perhaps it is nowhere better exemplified than in the fine co-operation of the Divisions of Maintenance and Engineering with the scientific and preparation staffs. During the year, exhibition cases including new tops to provide for case-lighting were completely rebuilt for Hall 6 (Plains Indians) in the Department of Anthropology. Twelve cases were reinstalled and two new cases prepared for the Department of Geology, and cases were provided for the new exhibit of perching songbirds in Boardman Conover Hall (Hall 21) and a new exhibit on muscles in the Hall of Vertebrate Anatomy (Hall 19). In addition, improve- ments were made in the cases containing Bushman the gorilla, the sable antelope, the bongo group, and the water-buffalo group. The periodic filling of poison containers in all cases that contain materials subject to insect damage was carried out as usual. Three additional cases in Ernest R. Graham Hall (Hall 38, Fossil Vertebrates) were wired for case lighting as well as one case each in Hall 21 and Carl E. Akeley Memorial Hall (Hall 22, African Mammals). Necessary lighting and other preparational work were completed in the cases for the new habitat groups of northern sea otter and Malay tapir. In order to facilitate the housing and study of our great research collections many changes and improvements were necessary. Sixty additional trays were provided for the textile collection, sixty trays also were provided for fossil plants, and provision was made for the care of the rapidly expanding libraries in the Departments of Botany and Geology. Additional storage facilities were provided for the Book Shop in order that it might keep pace efficiently with its ever-expanding activities. The rearrangement of the Division of Insects, which was largely accomplished during the preceding year, was completed, and work continued on the new area allotted to the Division of Anatomy. A major move requiring complete construction, including walls, steel shelving, water and drain connec- tions, sinks and lighting, brought the Division of Reptiles from the third and fourth floors to the ground floor in an area adjacent to the Division of Fishes. This move was necessary because of the 79 increasing load of specimens in preservative solution stored in glass jars. Concrete tanks were also constructed on the ground floor for storage of large specimens required by the Division of Anatomy, and a room for the cleaning of skeletal material by dermestids was also constructed. Steel shelving was erected in the storeroom of the Purchasing Agent, and not to be overlooked in the care of ma- terial in storage was the erection of a new bank of steel shelves in the Maintenance storeroom. Miscellaneous items accomplished by the Divisions of Engineering and Maintenance for the operation of the Museum included the necessary moving of exhibition cases to and from Stanley Field Hall in connection with the many temporary exhibits annually displayed; the preparation of shipping boxes required by the scientific depart- ments in connection with expeditionary work and also required by the Division of Publications to send our published scientific treatises to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., for world-wide distribution through its international exchange service; and the periodic moving of certain exhibition cases to provide space for the large crowds that attend the Sunday lectures given by Paul G. Dallwig, Layman Lecturer. New book-carriers were made to order for the Library, and a rolling screen was constructed to close the adjacent corridor when the Museum cafeteria is not in operation. The problem of replacing deteriorating window sash was con- tinued during the summer months when outdoor work was feasible. Safety bolts were installed in the walls of the building at the third- floor level to provide safe operating conditions for the window washers. The outdoor signs giving information about the Museum were relettered and repainted. Tuckpointing continued through the summer months on the west terrace wall, smoke stack, east areaway, and the terrace wall adjacent to the south steps. Protective meas- ures against termites were taken in additional areas that appeared to be endangered. New upholstery was provided for 125 theatre seats and one hundred theatre chairs after more than thirty years of use. The usual cleaning operations, accompanied by painting where necessary, were carried out. An assignment requiring great skill and care was the cleaning in Hall 25 (Food Plants) of the murals painted by Julius Moessel. In the boiler room, the boiler breeching, dust collectors, and ash vent-pipe were cleaned during the summer and prepared for the winter heating-season. The old coal conveyor, which was installed when the Museum was built, had finally deteriorated, in spite of proper maintenance, to the point where it had to be discarded, and a new Link Belt bulk flow conveyor was installed in its place. All 80 A lively summer play-group pays a visit to the Brazilian water-birds in Hall 20. pumps were overhauled and painted, and the exposed steel-work under the coal hoppers was also given a protective coating. The smoke stack required extensive repairs. The lining was torn out and the stack was cleaned, repaired, and coated with rust-resisting paint. Two and one-half inches of insulation material and a half- inch coating of waterproof mastic cement were then installed. Since our boilers are used for heating only, the stack is at the mercy of the weather during the summer nonheating season. Steam traps were removed, repaired, and replaced where necessary, and forty- eight new traps were installed. Routine repairs and replacements were made as required throughout the plumbing system. 81 Repairs, replacements, and rejuvenation of the electrical system were continued through the year. Old lighting panels that have open switches are being discarded in favor of dead-front panels, and circuit breakers are being installed to eliminate the use of fuses. Circuits are being rearranged in order better to distribute the load balance of the various electrical circuits throughout the Museum. This has become necessary because halls and areas are now being used in a manner not contemplated when the original circuits were installed. Stack lights in the Library cataloguing room were replaced with larger units, and twenty-four Dazor work-lights were installed in offices and workrooms. The James Simpson Theatre was en- tirely relamped, and the public-address system was repaired and improved through relocation of the speaker units. Maintenance of electrical motors in workrooms and shops continued throughout the year. Under existing contracts with Shedd Aquarium and the Chicago Park District, the Museum furnished and sold 32,303,761 pounds of steam. It may be recalled that the Museum undertook the task of furnishing heat to these neighboring establishments to reduce the number of smoke stacks on the lakefront in order to help keep our city clean. Throughout the years the Divisions of Maintenance and Engi- neering have been continually studying new methods *and new materials that may be used advantageously by the Museum. Cur- rently, tests are in progress on enameled panels for use in closing spaces where windows were installed years ago but are not required under present conditions. Such experimentation has resulted in many instances in providing better maintenance, better working conditions, and lower costs. Under present conditions, such a policy is more than ever necessary. MISCELLANEOUS In the pages that follow are submitted the Museum's financial statements, attendance statistics, door receipts, accessions, list of Members, articles of incorporation, and amended by-laws. Clifford C. Gregg, Director Chicago Natural History Museum 82 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURES CURRENT FUNDS FOR YEARS 1952 AND 1951 Operating Fund INCOME 1952 1951 From investments of General endowment funds $ 727,084.69 $ 689,554.11 Life and associate membership funds 26,751.69 27,335.22 $ 753,836.38 $ 716,889.33 Chicago Park District 128,478.39 128,620.29 Annual and sustaining memberships 20,885.00 20,305.00 Admissions 33,692.50 33,335.00 Sundry receipts, including general purpose contributions 38,304.61 34,736.16 Restricted funds transferred to apply against Operating Fund expenditures (contra) 83,136.20 106,812.52 $1,058,333.08 $1,040,698.30 EXPENDITURES Collections Purchases and expedition costs $ 68,708.09 Museum operating expenses capitalized . . . 63,462.14 $ 132,170.23 Furniture, fixtures, and equipment 14,399.77 Pensions and employee benefits 52,871.33 Departmental operating expenses 114,859.36 General operating expenses 598,110.00 Building repairs and alterations 118,674.02 Premiums on assigned life insurance and appropriations in lieu thereof 14,500.00 Provision for contingencies (contra) Provision for mechanical plant depreciation (contra) 10,000.00 Appropriated to cover operating deficit of The N. W. Harris Public School Extension (contra) 2,206.37 $1,057,791.08 EXCESS OF INCOME OVER EXPENDITURES $ 542.00 77,777.27 61,916.51 139,693.78 57,083.42 59,515.06 101,587.66 537,143.12 108,066.22 14,557.40 10,000.00 10,000.00 421.27 $1,038,067.93 $ 2,630.37 CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE 83 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURES-CURRENT FUNDS FOR YEARS 1952 AND 1951 (CONTINUED) The N. W. Harris Public School Extension 1952 1951 Income from endowments $ 20,638.30 $ 20,208.02 Expenditures 22,844.67 20,629.29 DEFICIT TRANSFERRED TO OPERATING FUND (CONTRA) $ 2,206.37 $ 421.27 Other Restricted Funds INCOME From Specific Endowment Fund investments $ 50,959.15 $ 49,005.36 Contributions for specified purposes 42,428.01 36,850.65 Operating Fund appropriations for mechanical plant depreciation and contingencies (contra) 10,000.00 20,000.00 Sundry receipts— net 30,305.80 25,803.33 $ 133,692.96 $ 131,659.34 EXPENDITURES Transferred to Operating Fund to apply against expenditures (contra) $ 83,136.20 $ 106,812.52 Added to Endowment Fund principal 24,000.00 25,000.00 $ 107,136.20 $ 131,812.52 EXCESS (DEFICIENCY) OF INCOME OVER EX- PENDITURES $ 26,556.76 $ (153.18) To the Trustees Chicago Natural History Museum Chicago, Illinois In our opinion the accompanying statement presents fairly the income and ex- penditures of the current funds of Chicago Natural History Museum for the years 1951 and 1952, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles con- sistently applied during the periods. Our examination of the statement was made in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and accordingly included such tests of the accounting records and such other auditing procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. Arthur Young and Company Chicago, Illinois January 29, 1953 84 COMPARATIVE ATTENDANCE STATISTICS AND DOOR RECEIPTS FOR YEARS 1952 AND 1951 1952 Total attendance 1,305,556 Paid attendance 134,770 Free admissions on pay days Students 32,226 School children 93,861 Teachers 4,988 Members 640 Service men and women 2,532 Special meetings and occasions 2,953 Admissions on free days Thursdays (51) 137,444 (52) Saturdays (52) 315,129 (52) Sundays (52) 581,012 (52) Highest attendance on any day (November 9) 16,488 (September 2) Lowest attendance on any day (March 4) 159 (December 21) Highest paid attendance (September 1) . . 3,600 (September 3) Average daily admissions (364 days) 3,586 (363 days) Average paid admissions (209 days) 645 (207 days) Copies of General Guide sold 27,026 Number of articles checked 45,805 Number of picture post-cards sold 283,394 Sales of Museum publications (both scien- tific and popular) and photographs; rental of wheel chairs $13,034.69 1951 1,251,752 133,340 32,771 87,590 4,387 492 3,128 3,377 172,376 316,178 498,210 16,266 61 4,244 3,448 644 25,410 43,321 228,192 $10,865.19 85 Contributions and Bequests Contributions and bequests to Chicago Natural History Museum may be made in securities, money, books, or collections. They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to a person or cause, to be named by the giver. For those desirous of making bequests to the Museum, the following form is suggested : FORM OF BEQUEST I do hereby give and bequeath to Chicago Natural History Museum of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois: Cash contributions made within the taxable year to Chicago Natural History Museum to an amount not in excess of 20 per cent of the taxpayer's net income are allowable as deductions in computing net income for federal income tax 86 ACCESSIONS, 1952 DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY-ACCESSIONS Barnhart, Gracia M. F., Hinsdale, Illinois: model of Haida totem pole — probably Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia (gift) Chicago Natural History Museum : Collected by Dr. Paul S. Martin (Southwest Archaeological Expedition, 1952): about 1,000 specimens, including stone, bone, clay, pottery, leather, wood, cordage, woven, and miscel- laneous perishable artifacts — Y Canyon Cave, Cosper Cliff Dwelling, Hinkle Park Cliff Dwelling, 0 Block Cave, and Sawmill Site, near Reserve, New Mexico Collected by Dr. Alexander Spoehr (Micronesia Anthropological Expedi- tion, 1949-50): skeletal material — Sai- pan and Tinian, Micronesia Purchases: 2 pottery archaeological vessels in Decadent Tiahuanaco style — Cochabamba, Bolivia; 8 ethnological specimens — Easter Islands; 1 feather mantle, Inca period — Peru Childs, C. F., Lake Forest, Illinois: 2 Tibetan temple lamps — Darjiling, India (gift) Geisler, Mrs. F. W., Chicago: eth- nological material — Sumatra (gift) Harvey, Byron, III, Chicago: 180 Hopi kachina dolls, 23 baskets, 15 mis- cellaneous ceremonial objects — Hopi villages, Arizona (gift) Knapp, W. T., Chicago: 9 pieces of modern Pueblo pottery, 1 string bell- jingles — Rio Grande Pueblos, New Mexico (gift) Langsner, Albert C, Chicago: 6 pairs of beaded moccasins, 2 girl's dres- ses, 1 beaded saddle-blanket, 4 beaded bags, 1 pair of beaded cuffs, 1 beaded tie, 1 string of beads, 1 doll, 1 knife case, 1 pair of beaded suspenders — Northern Plains (gift) Reed, Dr. Erik K., Santa Fe, New Mexico : 3 prehistoric adzes and pottery — Rota, Mariana Islands (gift) Trier, Robert, Chicago: 3 archae- ological and 5 ethnological specimens — Marquesas, Samoa, and Tonga (gift) Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, New York: mandible fragment (cast) and pelvic fragment (cast) of Australopithe- cus prometheus — Makapansgat, Central Transvaal, Africa (gift) DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY-ACCESSIONS Allen, Dr. Mary Belle, Pacific Grove, California: 25 algae (gift) Angulo, Nicolas, Trujillo, Peru: 18 algae (gift) Auckland University College, Auckland, New Zealand: 140 crypto- gamic specimens (exchange) Bailey Hortorium, Ithaca, New York: 1 plant specimen (gift) Barkley, Dr. Fred A., Yonkers, New York: 211 algae, 145 plant speci- mens (gift) B artel, Karl E., Blue Island, Illinois: 1 plant specimen (gift) Bauer, Bill, Imperial, Missouri: 1 plant specimen (gift) Bishop Museum, Bernice P., Hono- lulu, Hawaii: 32 plant specimens (gift) Boelcke, Osvaldo, Buenos Aires, Argentina: 153 plant specimens (ex- change) Bold, Dr. Harold C, Nashville: 4 algae (gift) BOTANISCHE STAATSSAMMLUNG, Munich, Germany: 151 cryptogams (exchange) Botaniska Museet, Uppsala, Swe- den: 417 plant specimens (exchange) Botanisk Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark: 186 cryptogams (exchange) Braun, Dr. E. Lucy, Cincinnati: 315 plant specimens (gift) 87 British Museum (Natural His- tory), London: 86 plant specimens (ex- change) California, University of, Ber- keley: 373 cryptogamic specimens (ex- change) Cardenas, Dr. Martin, Cocha- bamba, Bolivia: 61 plant specimens (gift) Chase, Dr. Virginius H., Peoria Heights, Illinois: 32 cryptogamic speci- mens (gift) Chicago, University of, Chicago: 122 plant specimens (Herbarium of Professor Adolph C. Noe) (gift) Chicago Natural History Museum : Collected by Dr. Norman C. Fassett (Salvadorian Project, 1950-51): 218 plant specimens Purchases: 1,339 plant specimens — Bolivia; 75 cryptogamic specimens — Chile; 147 plant specimens — Colombia; 395 plant specimens — Mexico; 80 plant specimens — South Africa Cleveland, Margaret, Chicago: 1 plant specimen (gift) Coe, Dr. D. M., Palmer, Alaska: 1 cryptogamic specimen (gift) Conners, Dr. J. J., Oakland, Cali- fornia: 2 cryptogamic specimens (gift) Conservator of Forests, Belize, British Honduras: 2 plant specimens (gift) Correll, Dr. Donovan Stewart, Beltsville, Maryland: 391 cryptogamic specimens (gift) Cribb, Dr. A. B., Cronulla, New South Wales, Australia: 2 cryptogamic specimens (exchange) Cuatrecasas, Dr. Jose, Chicago: 4 cryptogamic specimens (gift) Cutler, Dr. Hugh C, Lombard, Illinois: 171 plant specimens (gift) Dahl, Mrs. Emil, Hartford, Michi- gan: 1 plant specimen (gift) Dahlgren, Dr. B. E., Chicago: 7 plant specimens (gift) Daily, William A., Indianapolis: 157 cryptogamic specimens (gift) Dawson, Dr. E. Yale, Los Angeles: 67 cryptogamic specimens (gift) De Toni, Dr. Anna, Brescia, Italy: 111 cryptogamic specimens (gift) Diller, Dr. Violet M., Cincinnati: 24 cryptogamic specimens (gift) Doty, Dr. Maxwell S., Honolulu, Hawaii: 429 cryptogamic specimens (gift) Duke University, Durham, North Carolina: 300 plant specimens (ex- change); 25 plant specimens (gift) Escuela Agricola Panamericana, Tegucigalpa, Honduras: 1,668 plant specimens (exchange); 2 plant speci- mens (gift) Evans, Dr. Richard I., Madison, Wisconsin: 5 cryptogamic specimens (gift) Field, Dr. Henry, Washington, D.C.: 62 cryptogamic specimens, 52 plant specimens (gift) Fisher, George L., Houston, Texas: 4 cryptogamic specimens (gift) Flint, Dr. L. H., Baton Rouge, Louisiana: 7 cryptogamic specimens (exchange) Fundacion Miguel Lillo, Tucu- man, Argentina: 20 plant specimens (exchange) Gardner, Sheldon T., Chicago: 1 plant specimen (gift) Gier, Dr. L. J., Liberty, Missouri: 41 plant specimens (gift) Ginsburg, Dr. R. N., Coral Gables, Florida: 11 cryptogamic specimens (gift) Gray Herbarium, Cambridge, Mas- sachusetts: 100 cryptogamic specimens, 192 plant specimens (exchange) Grow, Raymond, Gary, Indiana: 1 plant specimen (gift) Gymnasium Seating Council, Chicago: 1 plant specimen (gift) Habeeb, Dr. Herbert, Grand Falls, New Brunswick, Canada: 190 crypto- gamic specimens (exchange) Hale, Mason E., Jr., Madison, Wis- consin: 60 cryptogamic specimens (gift) Harrison, B. F., Provo, Utah: 11 plant specimens (gift) Haxo, Dr. Francis T., Baltimore: 1 cryptogamic specimen (gift) Hermann, Dr. F. J., Beltsville, Maryland: 1 cryptogamic specimen (gift) Hollenberg, Dr. George J., Red- lands, California: 1 cryptogamic speci- men (gift) Humm, Dr. Harold J., Tallahassee, Florida: 6 algae (gift) Illinois, University of, Urbana: 1 plant specimen (gift) Illinois State Museum, Spring- field: 2 plant specimens (gift) Institute of Jamaica, Kingston: 20 algae (gift) Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Bogota, Colombia: 82 plant specimens (exchange) Iowa, State University of, Iowa City: 825 plant specimens (gift) Iowa State College, Ames: 78 plant specimens (exchange); 261 plant specimens (gift) Jardin Botanique de l'Etat, Brussels, Belgium: 412 plant specimens (exchange) Joly, Dr. A. B., Sao Paulo, Brazil: 8 algae (gift) Jones, Mrs. Edith, West Palm Beach, Florida: 4 algae (gift) Kendall, Mrs. Burns, Elburn, Illinois: 1 plant specimen (gift) Killip, Dr. E. P., Big Pine Key, Florida: 171 algae, 173 plant specimens (gift) Koster, Dr. Josephine T., Leiden, Netherlands: 3 cryptogamic specimens (gift) Krapovickas, Antonio, Manfredi (Cordoba), Argentina: 6 plant speci- mens (exchange) Krukoff, Dr. B. A., Chicacao, Guatemala: 5 plant specimens (gift) Lamb, George H., Mahogany Asso- ciation, Incorporated, Chicago: 5 wood specimens (gift) La Rivers, Dr. Ira, Reno, Nevada: 59 algae (gift) Lasker, Dr. Reuben, Coral Gables, Florida: 1 cryptogamic specimen (gift) Laughlin, Kendall, Chicago: 2 plant specimens (gift) Lemon, Lola, Gary, Indiana: 1 plant specimen (gift) Lewin, Dr. R. A., Halifax, Nova Scotia: 9 algae (gift) Love, Dr. Askell, Winnipeg, Mani- toba, Canada: 1 cryptogamic specimen (gift) Lundberg, Godfrey, Chicago: 1 cryptogamic specimen (gift) Mabille, Jean, Berthenicourt-par- Moy, France: 17 algae (gift) Macbride, J. Francis, Stanford University, California: 732 algae (gift) Macotela, Esteban, Mexico City, Mexico: 1 plant specimen (gift) Madsen, Dr. Grace C, Tallahassee, Florida: 72 algae (gift) Maldonado, Dr. Angel, Lima, Peru: 6 algae (gift) Matuda, Eizi, Chapultepec, Mexico: 5 plant specimens (gift) May, Dr. Valerie, Sydney Austra- lia: 29 algae (gift) McCaskill, Professor L. W., Christchurch, New Zealand: 1 plant specimen (gift) Meyer, Fred G., St. Louis: 1 eco- nomic specimen (gift) Michigan, University of, Ann Ar- bor: 631 cryptogamic specimens, 53 plant specimens (exchange) Mille, Padre Luis, Manabi, Ecua- dor: 1 plant specimen (gift) Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis: 35 algae, 6 plant specimens (gift) Morrison, Warren F., Chicago: 3 algae (gift) Moschl, Dr. Wilhelm, Erzherzog, Austria: 15 plant specimens (exchange) Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires: 53 plant specimens (exchange) Museo de Historia Natural, Lima, Peru: 102 plant specimens (exchange) Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 247 cryptogamic specimens (exchange) National Science Museum, Tokyo: 198 plant specimens (exchange) Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna: 696 cryptogamic specimens (exchange); 1,140 cryptogamic speci- mens (gift) New York, State University of, College of Forestry, Syracuse: 691 wood specimens (exchange) New York Botanical Garden, New York: 669 plant specimens, 121 type photographs (exchange) ; 34 algae, 2 plant specimens, 2 photographs (gift) Nielsen, Dr. Chester S., Talla- hassee, Florida: 115 cryptogamic speci- mens (gift) Norvell, Oliver, Stanford Univer- sity, California: 13 plant specimens (gift) Palmer, Dr. C. M., Cincinnati: 37 algae (gift) Palmer, E. J., Webb City, Missouri: 873 plant specimens (gift) Papenfuss, Dr. George F., Ber- keley, California: 1 cryptogamic speci- men (gift) Patino, Victor Manuel, Cali, Colombia: 16 plant specimens (gift) 89 Philippines, University of the, Quezon City, Philippine Islands: 265 cryptogamic specimens (exchange) Pringle, H. A., Chicago: 1 plant specimen (gift) Proctor, V. W., Columbia, Mis- souri: 1 cryptogamic specimen (gift) Richards Fund, Donald: 12,228 lichens — Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico; 1,286 cryptogams — Brazil, Florida, India, and Virginia; 1,000 algae — France and the French Antilles; 300 cryptogams — Gaspe Peninsula and New Jersey; 470 cryptogams — Japan; 53 mosses — New Zealand; 1,810 cryp- togams— Sweden; 413 cryptogams — Wisconsin Rijksherbarium, Leiden, Nether- lands: 160 cryptogamic specimens (ex- change) Rodeman, Mrs. Mary C, Jefferson City, Missouri: 1 plant specimen (gift) Roelofs, Henry, East Chicago, In- diana: 1 cryptogamic specimen (gift) Ross, Lillian A., Chicago: 10 lichens (gift) Rousseau, Dr. Jacques, Montreal, Quebec, Canada: 31 algae (gift) Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England: 2 photographs (exchange) Rutgers University, New Bruns- wick, New Jersey: 48 cryptogamic specimens (exchange) Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, Santa Barbara, California: 70 plant specimens (gift) Schallert, Dr. P. O., Altamonte Springs, Florida: 155 cryptogamic specimens (gift) Schugman, Mrs. Effie M., Chicago: 1 cryptogamic specimen (gift) Schultes, Dr. Richard E., Cam- bridge, Massachusetts: 6 plant speci- mens (gift) Schwerdtfeger, Dr. Fritz, Guate- mala City, Guatemala: 2 plant speci- mens (gift) Sella, Emil, Chicago: 2 cryptogamic specimens (gift) Sherff, Dr. Earl E., Chicago: 125 plant specimens, 71 prints and nega- tives (gift) Silva, Dr. Herman, Knoxville, Tennessee: 2 algae (gift) Soukup, Dr. J., Lima, Peru: 67 plant specimens (gift) Southern Illinois Normal Uni- versity, Carbondale: 1 plant specimen, 2 microscope slides of wood sections (gift) Southern Methodist University, Dallas: 185 cryptogamic specimens (ex- change) Starr, Dr. Richard C, Blooming- ton, Indiana: 1 cryptogamic specimen (gift) Steyermark, Dr. Julian A., Bar- rington, Illinois: 11,208 plant speci- mens (gift) Stifler, Mrs. Cloyd B., Bradenton, Florida: 1 cryptogamic specimen (gift) Swink, Floyd A., Cicero, Illinois: 718 plant specimens (gift) Thieret, John W., Chicago: 1 plant specimen (gift) Troxel, David, Barrington, Illinois: 35 plant specimens (gift) United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.: 1 plant specimen (exchange) United States Department of Agriculture, Plant Industry Sta- tion, Beltsville, Maryland: 41 plant specimens (exchange); 18 plant speci- mens (gift) United States National Arbore- tum, Washington, D.C.: 5 plant speci- mens (gift) United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.: 455 cryptogamic specimens, 175 plant specimens (ex- change); 3 cryptogamic specimens, 12 plant specimens (gift) Van Tress, Robert, Chicago: 1 plant specimen (gift) Vargas, Dr. Cesar, Cuzco, Peru: 16 algae (gift) Voth, Dr. Paul D., Chicago: 2 cryptogamic specimens (gift) Washington, University of, Seattle : 18 plant specimens (exchange) Whitehouse, Dr. Eula, Dallas: 1 alga (gift) Wilson, Archie F., Flossmoor, Illi- nois: 53 plant specimens (gift); 159 wood specimens (exchange) Wisconsin, University of, Madi- son: 108 plant specimens (exchange) Witmer, Professor S. W., Goshen, Indiana: 1 plant specimen (gift) 90 Womersley, Dr. H. B. S., Adelaide, Australia: 8 algae (gift) Wood, Dr. Richard D., Kingston, Rhode Island: 3 algae (gift) Wyatt, Alex K., Chicago: 1 plant specimen (gift) Yale University, School of For- estry, New Haven, Connecticut: 57 plant specimens (gift) Zickman, Mrs. Robert, Villa Park, Illinois: 2 plant specimens (gift) DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY-ACCESSIONS Alexander, John H., Colorado Springs, Colorado: 3 crystals (topaz, microline, quartz) — Pikes Peak (gift) American Museum op Natural History, New York: cast of Cotylo- rhynchus skull (exchange) Beck, Joseph N., Ramsen, Iowa: 1 hair-ball — Iowa (gift) Becker, August G. (deceased), pre- sented by Raymond B. Becker, Gainesville, Florida: cranium of muskox — Iowa; 3 goedes, 2 marcasite concre- tions— various localities (gift) Bookwalter, R., Chicago: 2 pieces of fossil tree-trunk — locality unknown (gift) California, University op, Mu- seum of Paleontology, Berkeley: 213 fossil invertebrates (Tertiary and Pleis- tocene)— West Coast (exchange) Canterbury Museum, Christ- church, New Zealand: 2 skeletons of fossil moas, Emeus and Dinornis — New Zealand (exchange) Chicago, University of, Chicago: 32 fossil reptiles — Archer and Knox counties, Texas (gift) Chicago Natural History Museum : Collected by Dr. Robert H. Denison (Canadian Maritime Provinces Paleon- tological Field Trip, 1952): collection of primitive fishes — various localities Collected by Orville L. Gilpin and William D. Turnbull (Texas Paleon- tological Expedition, 1952): collection of microfauna and a large turtle — Texas Collected by George Langford and Eugene S. Richardson, Jr. (Wilmington, Illinois, Paleontological Field Trips, 1952): 1,000 fossil-plant specimens, 20 fossil invertebrates — Illinois Collected by Dr. Sharat K. Roy (Eastern States Geological Field Trip, 1950): 43 lithological specimens — vari- ous localities Farr, Willard H., Chicago: 13 Mississippian crinoids — Alabama (gift) Jarra Gem Corporation, New York: Jarra synthetic rutile gem (10 carats) cut from a boule (gift) Jensen, Anna C, Western Springs, Illinois: collection of fossilized wood, fossil corals, minerals — various locali- ties (gift) Kenya Gem Corporation, Phila- delphia: 1 boule (90 carats, synthetic rutile), 3 faceted synthetic rutile gems (gift) Kohler, W. F., Seattle, Washington: 1 fossil plant specimen (Metasequoia) — Alaska (gift) Langford, George, Chicago: 104 fossil trilobites — Illinois (gift) Paxson, Dillwyn W., Fort Smith, Arkansas: portion of fossil palm-stem — locality unknown (gift) Reed, Charles A., Chicago: collec- tion of small fossil mammals — Montana (gift) Ritchie, Arthur M., Olympia, Washington: 17 specimens of siderite concretions — Washington (gift) St. Mary's Seminary, Techny, Illi- nois: 59 specimens of fossil inverte- brates— Canada and Austria (gift) Sinclair, G. Winston, Ann Arbor, Michigan: 8 fossil invertebrates, in- cluding holotype and paratype of Callo- conularia strimplei Sinclair — various localities (gift) South Dakota School of Mines, Rapid City: cast of lower jaw of fossil insectivore, Parictis — South Dakota (gift) Stam, Marshall B., Salt Lake City: 15 fossil sunfish, 8 fossil minnows — Nevada (gift) Stevenson, R. E., Vermillion, South Dakota: 100 specimens of fossil proto- zoan, Orbitolina — Venezuela (gift) 91 Storm, Mrs. Claudius, Chicago: collection of rocks and minerals — United States and Europe (gift) Whitfield, Jon S., Evanston, Illi- nois: 73 fossil plants — Tennessee; 26 fossil fishes — Wyoming (gift) Whitfield, Dr. and Mrs. R. H., Evanston, Illinois: collection of fossil plants and fossil invertebrates — Illinois (gift) Wilke, Edward W., Chicago: speci- men of granite — Illinois (gift) DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY-ACCESSIONS Acosta y Lara, Eduardo, Monti- video, Uruguay: 3 mammals — Uruguay (gift) American Museum of Natural History, New York: 2 lizards (one paratype), 2 insects — various localities (exchange) Arctic Health Research Center, Anchorage, Alaska: 2 mammal skulls — Alaska (gift) Auffenberg, Walter, Gainesville, Florida: 1 snake (paratype) — Florida (gift) Avery, George N., Marathon, Florida: 3 shells — Japan (gift) Beecher, William J., Chicago: 3 birds — Illinois (gift) Benesh, Bernard, Burrville, Ten- nessee: 3 reptiles and amphibians, 650 insects and their allies — Tennessee (gift) Bognar, A., Whiting, Indiana: 2 birds — Indiana (gift) Bokermann, Werner C. A., Sao Paulo, Brazil: 17 frogs — Brazil (ex- change) Bonetto, Dr. Argentino A., Santa Fe, Argentina: collection of fresh- water clams — Argentina (gift) British Museum (Natural His- tory), London: 1 fish, 538 insects — various localities (exchange); 1 horse- skin and skeleton — Haiti (gift) Camras, Dr. Sidney, Chicago: 200 butterflies — United States (gift) Chicago Natural History Museum : Collected by Harry A. Beatty (West Africa Zoological Expedition, 1950-52) : 6 mammals, 1,161 birds — West Africa Collected by Walther Buchen, John G. Williams, and C. E. Cade (Buchen East Africa Zoological Expedition, 1952) : 64 mammals, 189 birds, 2 boxes of bird eggs, 16 reptiles and amphibians, mis- cellaneous accessories for Nile marsh- bird exhibit — East Africa Collected by Luis de la Torre (Guate- mala Zoological Expedition, 1952): 572 mammals, 143 reptiles and amphibians — Guatemala and Mexico Collected by Henry S. Dybas (from bat-skins in Museum collection): 352 insects Collected by Dr. Fritz Haas (Florida Zoological Field Trip, 1952): 118 lots of mollusks — Florida Collected by Philip Hershkovitz (Colombia Zoological Expedition, 1948-52): 1,840 mammals, 58 birds- Colombia Collected by Bryan Patterson (Colo- rado Paleontological Expedition, 1947): 185 insects and their allies — Colorado Collected by Clifford H. and Sarah Pope (Mexico Zoological Field Trip, 1952): 1,048 reptiles and amphibians — Mexico Collected by D. S. Rabor (Mount Dapiak Zoological Expedition, 1952): 134 mammals, 359 birds, 158 reptiles and amphibians — Philippine Islands Collected by Colin C. Sanborn (Aleu- tian Zoological Expedition, 1952): 11 mammals, 2 birds — Aleutian Islands Collected by Dr. Rainer Zangerl (Austria Paleontological Expedition, 1952) : 43 insects and allies — Austria Purchases: 463 mammals, 2,400 birds, 26 bird nests, 15 sets of bird eggs, 355 reptiles and amphibians, 325 fishes, approximately 7,730 insects and their allies, 364 shells Chicago Zoological Society, Brook- field, Illinois: 7 mammals, 118 birds — various localities (gift) Companhia de Diamantes de An- gola, Porto, Portugal: 99 mammals — Angola (gift) 92 Cornfield, Melvin, Hyattsville, Maryland : 4 snails Virginia (gift) Coryndon Museum, Nairobi, East Africa: 75 beetles — East Africa (ex- change) Cowan, Dr. I. McT., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: 1 bird — Canada (gift) Crichton, V., Wellington, New Zea- land: 2 beetles — New Zealand (gift) Crowell, Robert M., Wooster, Ohio: 5 slides of water mites — United States (gift) Curtis, Lawrence L., and James W. Cronin, Dallas: 2 salamanders — Texas (gift) Dahlgren, Dr. B. E., Chicago: 36 mammals, 11 reptiles and amphibians —Cuba (gift) Davis, D. Dwight, Richton Park, Illinois, and Robert F. Inger, Home- wood, Illinois: 5 reptiles — Texas (gift) Drake, Carl J., Ames, Iowa: 36 insects (18 paratypes) — various locali- ties (gift) Drake, Robert J., Aztec, New Mexico: 14 land shells — Sonora, Mexico (gift) Dundee, Harold A., Lawrence, Kansas: 1 snake — Texas (gift) Dybas, Henry S., Hazelcrest, Illi- nois: 392 insects — Mariana Islands (gift) Eigsti, W. E., Hastings, Nebraska: 32 insects — Nebraska (gift) Eiseman, Ralph M., Chicago: 2 frogs — Indiana (gift) Feyerherm, Harvey A., De Kalb, Illinois: 1 frog — Illinois (gift) Field, Dr. Henry, Washington, D.C.: 57 snakes, 4 fishes, 153 insects and their allies — various localities (gift) Fleming, Dr. Robert L., Mus- soorie, India: 318 birds — India and Nepal (exchange) Gage, Floyd G., Wilmette, Illinois: 7 shells — various localities (gift) General Biological Supply House, Chicago: 3 lizards, 1 fish, 4 lower in- vertebrates— British East Africa (gift) Green, Homer L., Zion, Illinois: 1 centipede — Illinois (gift) Grow, Ray, Gary, Indiana: part of a bird — Indiana (gift) Guernsey, Guy, South Haven, Michigan: 1 bird — Michigan (gift) Guillaudeu, Captain Robert, Korea: 58 reptiles and amphibians, 196 fishes — Korea (gift) Haas, Dr. Fritz, Chicago: 12 fresh- water clams — Wisconsin (gift) Hamilton, Dr. William J., Jr., Ithaca, New York: 1 mole — New York (gift) Hansen, Harold, Urbana, Illinois: 4 shells — Flagstaff Island, Canada (gift) Harry, Harold W., Columbia, Mis- souri: 750 lots of shells — various locali- ties (gift) Herbert, Lloyd, Toms River, New Jersey: 3 turtles — New Jersey (gift) HoOGSTRAAL, Harry, Cairo, Egypt: 982 mammals, 18 birds, 893 reptiles and amphibians, 2,048 insects and their allies, 50 snails — Africa, Madagascar, Egypt, and Arabia (gift) Hubricht, Leslie, Danville, Vir- ginia: 23 salamanders — United States (gift) Illinois State Natural History Survey, Urbana: 1 bird — Illinois (gift) Janovsky, Richard, Lockport, Illi- nois: 1 mounted bird — Illinois (gift) Jaume, Miguel L., Havana, Cuba: 75 shells— Cuba (gift) Johnson, Colonel H. A., Centralia, Washington: 15 shells — Washington (gift) Johnson, Richard I., Belmont, Mas- sachusetts: 137 lots of fresh-water clams — New England (gift) Johnson, Ruth, Chicago: 1 sala- mander— Missouri (gfit) Jones, J. Knox, Jr., Lincoln, Ne- braska: 41 mammals — United States (exchange) Just, Dr. Theodor, Oak Park, Illi- nois: 1 bird — Illinois (gift) Kezer, Dr. James, Columbia, Mis- souri: 54 salamanders, 1 frog, 1 cave fish — United States (gift) Kistner, David, Chicago: 39 beetles (2 paratypes) — various localities (gift) Kobayashi, K., Kobe, Japan: 53 birds — Japan (exchange) Kuntz, Robert E., Cairo, Egypt: 133 insects and their allies — New Heb- rides (gift) Lekagul, Dr. Boonsong, Bangkok, Siam: 19 bats — Siam (gift) Lentz, M. J. R., St. Louis: 1 snake - — Missouri (gift) 93 Lester, Albert, Chicago: 1 mole — Chicago (gift) Letang, Peter, Chicago: block of coral reef — Florida (gift) Levy, Seymour H., Chicago: 6 birds — Nebraska and Wyoming (gift) Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago: 1 mammal, 2 birds — various localities (gift) Lock, Mrs. Gilbert, Chicago: 3 birds — Mexico (gift) Lucena, Dr. Durval T. de, Per- nambuco, Brazil: 20 fresh-water shells —Brazil (gift) Lutz, Dr. Bertha, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: 19 frogs — Brazil (gift) Marine Studios, Marineland, Flor- ida: 15 fishes — Florida east coast (gift) McGraw, Max, Dundee, Illinois: 1 albino chipmunk — Illinois (gift) Medem, Dr. Fred, Bogota, Colom- bia: 3 crocodilians — Colombia (gift) Mountjoy, Richard J., Chicago: 1 snake — Illinois (gift) Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires: 3 bats — Argentina (gift) Museo de Historia Natural de La Salle, Bogota, Colombia: 46 mam- mals— Colombia (gift) Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts: 2 lizards — New Guinea (exchange) Natural History Museum, Stan- ford University, California: 13 fishes (paratypes) — North Borneo (exchange) New York State College of Agriculture, Agricultural Experi- ment Station, Department of Con- servation, Cornell University, Ithaca: 60 sea lamprevs — Cayuga Inlet, New York (gift) Nicholson, Dr. A. J., Billings, Montana: 11 porpoise skulls, 55 bats — Japan (gift) North Borneo Fisheries Depart- ment, Sandakan: 1,329 fishes — North Borneo (gift) Ohio State University, Columbus: 10 beetles — United States (exchange) Old, William E., Jr., Norfolk, Vir- ginia: 20 lots of shells — various locali- ties (gift) Olivares, Father Antonio, Wash- ington, D.C.: 80 birds — Colombia (ex- change) Olson, R. Earl, Rockford, Illinois: 3 snakes — Illinois and Minnesota (gift) Pain, T., London: 11 shells — various localities (gift) Peabody Museum, New Haven, Connecticut: 16 birds — various locali- ties (exchange) Pearson, Harry C, Estate of: 9 zebra-skins, 3 lion-skins with skulls, 1 rhinoceros scalp with skull and horns, 6 ostrich eggs — Africa (gift) Pflueger, Albert, North Miami, Florida: model of ocean sunfish (gift) Raffles Museum and Library, Singapore: 4 catfishes — Malay Penin- sula (exchange) Ramos, Dr. J. A., Mayaguez, Puerto Rico: 1,946 fishes — Puerto Rico (gift) Rausch, Major Robert, Anchor- age, Alaska: 2 mammals — Alaska (gift) Ray, Eugene, Chicago: 41 beetles — various localities (gift) Reed, Horace B., Knoxville, Ten- nessee: 28 beetles — Tennessee (ex- change) RlJKSMUSEUM VON NATUURLIKE HlS- torie, Leiden, Netherlands: 3 reptiles — New Guinea and Java (exchange) Roig, Dr. Mario Sanchez, Havana, Cuba: 160 lots of shells— Cuba (gift) Romer, J. D., Hong Kong: 4 frogs — Hong Kong (gift) Ross, Lillian A., Chicago: 1 snake — Illinois (gift) Schubart, Dr. Otto, Sao Paulo, Brazil: 21 lots of shells— Brazil (gift) Schwass, Harley, Cook County (Illinois) Forest Preserve: 1 mammal — Illinois (gift) Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt- am-Main, Germany: 1 frog — El Sal- vador (exchange) Shedd Aquarium, John G., Chicago: 1 turtle — Gulf of Mexico (gift) Shirk, J. H., Peru, Indiana: 6 jaguar skulls — Venezuela (gift) Sick, Dr. Helmut, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: 1 snake, 173 lots of shells — Brazil (gift) Solem, Alan, Oak Park, Illinois: 115 lots of mollusks, echinoderms, and corals — various localities (gift) Sullivan, John P., Ill, Lake Zurich, Illinois: 1 crayfish — Illinois (gift) Tarrant, Ross, Palm Beach, Flor- ida: 9 fishes — Florida (gift) Tarshis, I. Barry, Berkeley, Cali- fornia: 20 flies — California (exchange) Tashian, Dr. Richard E., Brook- lyn: 263 birds — Guatemala (exchange) 94 Texas, University of, Austin: 33 fishes (including 13 paratypes) — Texas (gift) Texas Game, Fish and Oyster Com- mission, Rockport: 37 lots of marine invertebrates — Gulf of Mexico (gift) Tomich, P. Quentin, Robles de Rio, California: 358 insects — Egypt (gift) Trapido, Dr. Harold, Panama, Panama: 903 reptiles and amphibians — Panama (gift) Traub, Lieutenant Colonel Robert, Washington, D.C., 218 insects (2 types and 10 paratypes) various lo- calities (gift) Trautman, Dr. M. B., Put-in-Bay, Ohio: 36 fishes — Ohio (exchange) Tulane University, New Orleans: 16 turtles (paratypes) — Louisiana (ex- change) United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Pascagoula, Mississippi: 230 fishes — Gulf of Mexico (gift) United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.: 1 fish — Panama (exchange) Universidad Nacional de Tucu- man, Tucuman, Argentina: 47 frogs — Argentina (exchange) Weber, Neal A., Swarthmore, Penn- sylvania: 49 reptiles and amphibians — Iraq and Bahrein Island (gift) Weld, Dr. L. H., Arlington, Vir- ginia: 109 insects (including 63 para- types)— various localities (gift) Wells, Lieutenant (J.G.) William H., Bethesda, Maryland: 3 bats, 4 frogs — Venezuela (gift) Werner, Dr. Floyd, Burlington, Vermont: 450 beetles — North America (exchange) White, Fred N., Houston, Texas: 1 snake — Texas (gift) Wisconsin, University of, De- partment of Entomology, Madison: 20 beetles — Wisconsin (gift) Woehlck, Kenneth H. (address lacking) : 4 birds — Illinois (gift) Wolffsohn, A., Gallon Jug, British Honduras: 12 reptiles — British Hon- duras (gift) Young, Dr. F. N., Bloomington, Indiana: 2 beetles — Indiana (exchange) Zangerl, Dr. Rainer, Hazelcrest, Illinois: 1 snake — Austria (gift) Ziemer, August, Evergreen Park, Illinois: 217 insects — United States (ex- change) JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION-ACCESSIONS Bayalis, John, Chicago: 6 2x2 natural-color (original) slides (gift) DIVISION OF PHOTOGRAPHY-ACCESSIONS Chicago Natural History Museum : Made by Division of Photography: 2,224 negatives, 16,643 prints, 1,040 enlargements, 125 lantern slides DIVISION OF MOTION PICTURES-ACCESSIONS Chicago Natural History Museum : Made by D. D wight Davis: 400 feet of 16 mm black-and-white film and 1 print of "Field Studies of Animal Loco- motion" (Borneo Zoological Expedi- tion, 1950); about 600 feet of 16mm color film for "Trailside Adventures" Ideal Pictures, Inc., Chicago: 400 feet of 16mm color sound-film (pur- chase) Machetanz Productions, Kenton, Ohio: 684 feet of 16mm color silent-film (purchase) 95 LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM-ACCESSIONS Donors (Institutions) Bruce Publishing Company, Milwaukee, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Wisconsin Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts Donors (Individuals) Campbell, T. N., Austin, Texas Correll, Dr. Donovan Stewart, Beltsville, Maryland Cory, Charles B., Jr., Homewood, Illinois Dos Passos, Cyril F., Mendham, New Jersey Dybas, Henry S., Hazelcrest, Illinois Field, Dr. Henry, Washington, D.C. Gerhard, William J., Chicago Gregg, Colonel Clifford C, Valparaiso, Indiana Malott, Mrs. Clyde, Bloomington, Indiana Rand, Dr. Austin L., Chesterton, Indiana Richardson, Eugene S., Jr., Gurnee, Illinois Schmidt, Dr. Karl P., Homewood, Illinois Shealy, W. R., Jr., Chicago Solem, Alan, Oak Park, Illinois Standley, Paul C, Tegucigalpa, Honduras Kibbe, Dr. Alice L., Carthage, Illinois Zangerl, Dr. Rainer, Hazelcrest, Illinois Representative Accessions (Acquired by Gift, Exchange, or Purchase) BOOKS Andree, Karl, Hendrik Albertus Brouwer, and Walter Herman Bucher, Regionale Geologie der Erde (1938-41) Beddome, Richard Henry, Icones plantarum Indiae Orientalis (1874) Bellin, Jacques Nicolas, Description geographique de la Guiane (1763) Bouillenne, Raymond, Phytobiologie, 2nd ed. (1948) Bourguignat, Jules Rene, Catalogue raisonne des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles recueillis par M. F. de Saulay pendant son voyage en Orient (1853) , Materiaux pour servir a Vhistoire des mollusques Acephales du systeme europeen (1880-81) Brandis, Dietrich, Forest flora of northwest and central India (1874) Bronn, Heinrich Georg, Dr. H. G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs, v. 5., abt. 2, Diploda. Verkoeff, K. W., 2 v. (1928-32) Burnett, M. A., Plantae utiliones, 4 v. (1842-50) Cattaneo, Giacomo, he colonie lineari e la morfologia dei molluschi (1882) Dawson, John William, The geology of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island; or, Acadian geology (1891) Entomologicheskoe obozrenie. Revue d'entomologie de VURSS, 17 v. (1901-38) Franchet, Adrien, Enumeratio plantarum in Japonia sponte crescentium hucusque rite cognitarum, adjectis descriptionibus specierum pro regione novarum . . . (1875-79) Grateloup, Jean Pierre Sylvestre de, Catalogue des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles vivants et fossiles, de la France continentale et insulaire, par ordre alphabetique (1855) 96 Gr0ntved, Johannes, and Thorvald Sorensen, Botany of Iceland, v. 1-3, v. 4, pt. 1, v. 5, pt. 1 (1912-49) Handel-Mazzetti, Heinrich Raphael Eduard, Freiherr von, Symbolae Sinicae, 7 v. in 3 (1929-37) Handschin, Eduard, Praktische Einfiihrung in die Morphologie der Insekten (1928) Hannig, Emil, and Hubert Winkler, eds., Die Pflanzenareale, Reihe 1-4, Reihe 5, heft 1/2 (1926-40) Hutton, James, Theory of the earth, 2 v. (1795) Jousseaume, Felix, Mollusques terrestres; Clausilia, Rhodea et Bulimus Sud- Americaines (1900) Kobelt, Wilhelm, Illustrirtes Conchylien-Buch, 2 v. (1876-81) Koorders, Sijfert Hendrik, Exkursionsflora von Java ... 4 v. (1911-37) Lacordaire, Jean Theodore, Introduction a Ventomologie, 2 v. (1834) Lindner, Erwin, ed., Die Fliegen der palarktischen Region, Lief 1 — (1925 — ) Lundbeck, William, Diptera Danica; genera and species of flies hitherto found in Denmark, 7 v. in 5 (1907-27) Michaelsen, Johann Wilhelm, and Robert Hartmeyer, Die Fauna Sudwest-Aus- traliens. Ergebnisse der Sudwest-Australischen Forschungsreise, 1905, 5 v. (1907-30) Miiller, J., Vergleichende Anatomie der Mxyinoiden, pts. 1-4 (1835-45) Nicoll, Michael John, Nicoll's birds of Egypt, by Richard Meinertzhagen, 2 v. (1930) Nieremberg, Juan Eusebio, Historia naturae, maxime peregrinae, libris XVI, distincta (1635) Ognev, Sergei Ivanovich, Mammals of Russia (USSR) and adjacent countries, v. 6, 7 (1948, 1950) Owen, Charles, An essay towards a natural history of serpents (1742) Plate, Ludwig Hermann, Fauna et anatomia Ceylonica, 4 v. (1922-31) Popta, C. M. L., Resultats ichthyologiques des voyages scientifiques de Monsieur le Professeur Dr. A. W. Nieuwenhuis dans le centre de Borneo, 1893 et 1900 (1906) Priest, Cecil Darner, Birds of Southern Rhodesia, 4 v. (1933-36) Progressus Rei Botanicae, ed. by J. P. Lotsy, v. 1-3 (1907-09) Redtenbacher, Ludwig, Fauna austriaca. Die Kdfer (1858) Richter, Karl, Plantae europeae, v. 1-2, pt. 3 (1890-1903) Schimer, Ignatz Rudolph, Fauna austriaca: Die Fliegen (Diptera), 2 v. (1862-64) Schimper, Andreas Franz Wilhelm, Pflanzengeographie auf physiologischer Grund- lage, 2 v. (1935) Sinclair, George, Hortus gramineus Woburnensis, 3rd ed. (1826) Sweet, Robert, Flora australasica (1827-28) Wagler, Johann Georg, Descriptiones et Icones Amphibiorum, 3 pts. (1828-33) Walker, Francis, Catalogue of the specimens of Dermoptera Saltatoria (Part 1 ) and Supplement to the Blattariae in the collection of the British Museum, 5 v. (1869-71) Weinkauff, H., Die Conchylien des Mittelmeeres, ihre geographische und geologische Verbreitung, 2 v. (1867-68) Wernerian Natural History Society, Edinburgh. Memoirs, 7 v. in 9 (1811-38) Winkler, Albert, ed., Catalogus Coleopterorum regionis palaearcticae (1924-32) SERIALS Ardea. Nederlandsche Ornithologische Vereenigung, v. 25 — (1934 — ) Botanische Zeitung, Leipzig, v. 47, 52, 53 (1889-95) Dansk Ornithologisk Forening, Copenhagen. Tidsskrift, v. 27-45 (1933-51) 97 Entomological magazine. Entomological Society of Japan, Kyoto, v. 1-4, pt. 1 (1915-19) Entomologiske meddelelser. Entomologisk forening. Kj0benhavn, v. 25 — (1947 — ) L'Entomologiste. Revue d' Amateurs, v. 1-8 — (1945-52 — ) Fortschritte der Botanik, v. 1-10, v. 12-13— (1932-51—) Fortschritte der Zoologie. Deutsche Zoologische Gesellschaft, v. 1 — (1935 — ) Indian Academy of Sciences. Proceedings, sec. B., v. 1-7 (1934-38) Kontyu. Entomological Society of Japan, v. 1-16 (1926-42) Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau, v. 1-11 (1886-96), v. 16-19 (1901-4), v. 23-25 (1908-9) New phytologist, v. 46— (1947—) Oikos; Acta ecologica scandinavica. Supplementum, v. 1 — (1951 — ) Revue algologique, v. 6-10 (1931-38) Revue bryologique et lichenologique, n.s., v. 1-20 (1928-51) Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines, v. 35-45 — (1941-52 — ) Rivista italiana di ornitologia, v. 4-6 (1918-23) Royal Society of London. Philosophical transactions, v. 178-232 (1887-47) , Proceedings, ser. B (1905-44) Societe Entomologique de France. Annates, ser. 6, v. 112-120 (1946-52) , Bulletin, v. 1-56 (1896-51) Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, v. 1-76 (1840-86) Svenska Mosskulturforeningen. Tidskrift, v. 4-52 (1890-1938) Zeitschrift fiir Ethnologie (Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Volkerkunde), v. 70, pt. 6, v. 71-75 (1938-50) Zeitschrift fiir Wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie, n.s., v. 17-19 (1922-24) 98 MEMBERS OF THE MUSEUM FOUNDER Marshall Field* Ayer, Edward E.* Buckingham, Miss Kate S* Conover, Boardman* Crane, Cornelius Crane, R. T., Jr.* Field, Joseph N.* Field, Marshall Field, Stanley Field, Mrs. Stanley * Deceased BENEFACTORS Those who have contributed $100,000 or more to the Museum Graham, Ernest R.* Harris, Albert W. Harris, Norman W.* Higinbotham, Harlow N. Kelley, William V.* Pullman, George M.* Rawson, Frederick H.* Raymond, Mrs. Anna Louise* Raymond, James Nelson* Ryerson, Martin A.* Ryerson, Mrs. Martin A.* Simpson, James* Smith, Mrs. Frances Gaylord* Smith, George T.* Sturges, Mrs. Mary D.* Suarez, Mrs. Diego HONORARY MEMBERS Those who have rendered eminent service to Science Cutting, C. Suydam Field, Marshall Field, Stanley Gustaf VI, His Majesty, King of Sweden Harris, Albert W. Sargent, Homer E. Suarez, Mrs. Diego Vernay, Arthur S. PATRONS Those who have rendered eminent service to the Museum Calderini, Charles J. Chadbourne, Mrs. Emily Crane Chancellor, Philip M. Collins, Alfred M. Cutting, C. Suydam Day, Lee Garnett Ellsworth, Duncan S. Field, Mrs. Stanley Hancock, G. Allan Judson, Clay Knight, Charles R. Moore, Mrs. William H. Sargent, Homer E. Suarez, Mrs. Diego Vernay, Arthur S. White, Harold A. 99 CORRESPONDING MEMBERS Scientists or patrons of science, residing in foreign countries, who have rendered eminent service to the Museum Breuil, Abbe Henri Hochreutiner, Dr. B. P Georges Humbert, Professor Henri Keissler, Dr. Karl Keith, Professor Sir Arthur Leon, Brother (Sauget y Barbier, Joseph S.) CONTRIBUTORS Those who have contributed $1,000 to $100,000 to the Museum in money or materials $75,000 to $100,000 Chancellor, Philip M. $50,000 to $75,000 Chalmers, Mrs. Joan A." Keep, Chauncey* Remmer, Oscar E.* Rosen wald, Mrs. Augusta N.* $25,000 to $50,000 Adams, Mrs. Edith Almy* Blackstone, Mrs. Timothy B.* Block, Leopold E.* Coats, John* Coburn, Mrs. Annie S.* Crane, Charles R.* Crane, Mrs. R. T., Jr.* Jones, Arthur B.* Morton, Sterling Murphy, Walter P.* Porter, George F.* Richards, Donald Richards, Elmer J. Rosenwald, Julius* Vernay, Arthur S. White, Harold A. $10,000 to $25,000 Adams, Joseph* Armour, Allison V.* * Deceased Armour, P. D.* Babcock, Mrs. Abby K.* Barnes, R. Magoon* Bartlett, Miss Florence Dibell Buchen, Walther Chadbourne, Mrs. Emily Crane Chalmers, William J.* Cummings, R. F.* Cutting, C. Suydam Everard, R. T.* Gunsaulus, Dr. F. W.* Insull, Samuel* Laufer, Dr. Berthold* Lufkin, Wallace W.* Mandel, Leon McCormick, Cyrus (Estate) McCormick, Stanley Mitchell, John J.* Perry, Stuart H. Reese, Lewis* Richardson, Dr. Maurice L. Robb, Mrs. George W.* Rockefeller Foundation, The Sargent, Homer E. Schweppe, Mrs. Charles H.* Straus, Mrs. Oscar S.* Strawn, Silas H.* Street, William S. Strong, Walter A.* Wrigley, William, Jr.* $5,000 to $10,000 Adams, George E.* Adams, Milward* American Friends of China Avery, Sewell L. Bartlett, A. C* Bishop, Heber (Estate) Borland, Mrs. John Jay* Chicago Zoological Society, The Conover, Miss Margaret B. Crane, R. T.* Cuatrecasas, Dr. Jos6 Doane, J. W.* Field, Dr. Henry Fuller, William A.* Graves, George Coe, II* Harris, Hay den B. Harris, Norman Dwight Harris, Mrs. Norman W.* Haskell, Frederick T.* Hoogstraal, Harry Hutchinson, C. L.* Keith, Edson* Langtry, J. C. MacLean, Mrs. M. Haddon* Moore, Mrs. William H. Payne, John Barton* Pearsons, D. K.* Porter, H. H.* Ream, Norman B.* Revell, Alexander H.* Riley, Mrs. Charles V.* 100 Salie, Prince M. U. M. Sherff, Dr. Earl E. Sprague, A. A.* Storey, William Benson11 Thorne, Bruce Tree, Lambert* Valentine, Louis L.* Watkins, Rush Wetten, Albert H. Witkowsky, James* $1,000 to $5,000 Acosta Solis, Dr. M. Avery, Miss Clara A.* Ayer, Mrs. Edward E.* Barr, Mrs. Roy Evan Barrett, Samuel E.* Bensabott, R., Inc. Bishop, Dr. Louis B.* Bishop, Mrs. Sherman C. Blair, Watson F.* Blaschke, Stanley Field Block, Mrs. Helen M.* Borden, John Brown, Charles Edward* Cahn, Dr. Alvin R. Cory, Charles B., Jr. Crocker, Templeton Cummings, Mrs. Robert F.* Desloge, Joseph Doering, O. C. Dybas, Henry S. Eitel, Emil* * DECEASED CONTRIBUTORS {.continued) Fish, Mrs. Frederick S.* Nichols, Henry W.* Graves, Henry, Jr. Grier, Mrs. Susie I* Gunsaulus, Miss Helen Gurley, William F. E.* Harvey, Byron, III Herz, Arthur Wolf* Hibbard, W. G.* Higginson, Mrs. Charles M.* Hill, James J.* Hinde, Thomas W.* Hixon, Frank P.* Hoffman, Miss Malvina Howe, Charles Albee Hughes, Thomas S.* Jackson, Huntington W.* James, F. G. James, S. L. Knickerbocker, Charles K.* Kraft, James L. Langford, George Lee Ling Yiin Lerner, Michael Look, Alfred A. Maass, J. Edward* MacLean, Haddon H. Mandel, Fred L., Jr. Manierre, George* Marshall, Dr. Ruth Martin, Alfred T.* McCormick, Cyrus H.* McCormick, Mrs. Cyrus* Mitchell, Clarence B. Moyer, John W. O'Dell, Mrs. Daniel W. Ogden, Mrs. Frances E.* Ohlendorf, Dr. William Clarence* Osgood, Dr. Wilfred H.* Palmer, Potter* Patten, Henry J.* Prentice, Mrs. Clarence C. Rauchfuss, Charles F.* Raymond, Charles E.* Reynolds, Earle H.* Ross, Miss Lillian A. Rumely, William N.* Schapiro, Dr. Louis* Schmidt, Karl P. Schwab, Martin C* Schweppe, Charles H.* Seevers, Dr. Charles H. Shaw, William W. Smith, Bryon L.* Sprague, Albert A.* Steyermark, Dr. Julian A. Thompson, E. H.* Thorne, Mrs. Louise E. Trapido, Dr. Harold Traylor, Melvin A., Jr. VanValzah, Dr. Robert VonFrantzius, Fritz* Wheeler, Leslie* Whitfield, Dr. R. H. Willems, Dr. J. Daniel Willis, L. M.* Wolcott, Albert B.* Nash, Mrs. L. Byron Zangerl, Dr. Rainer CORPORATE MEMBERS Armour, Lester Avery, Sewell L. Blair, Wm. McCormick Borden, John Buchen, Walther Calderini, Charles J. Chadbourne, Mrs. Emily Crane Chancellor, Philip M. Collins, Alfred M. Cummings, Walter J. Cutting, C. Suydam Day, Lee Garnett Dick, Albert B., Jr. Ellsworth, Duncan S. Fenton, Howard W. Field, Joseph N. Field, Marshall Field, Marshall, Jr. Field, Stanley Field, Mrs. Stanley Hancock, G. Allan Harris, Albert W. Insull, Samuel, Jr. Isham, Henry P. Judson, Clay Knight, Charles R. McBain, Hughston M. Mitchell, William H. Moore, Mrs. William H. Randall, Clarence B. Richardson, George A. Sargent, Homer E. 101 Searle, John G. Smith, Solomon A. Suarez, Mrs. Diego CORPORATE MEMBERS (continued) Vernay, Arthur S. Ware, Louis Wetten, Albert H. White, Harold A. Wilson, John P. DECEASED, 1952 Block, Leopold E. LIFE MEMBERS Those who have contributed $500 to the Museum Allerton, Robert H. Armour, A. Watson Armour, Lester Armour, Mrs. Ogden Ascoli, Mrs. Max Avery, Sewell L. Babson, Henry B. Bacon, Edward Richardson, Jr. Barnhart, Miss Gracia M. F. Barr, Mrs. Roy Evan Barrett, Mrs. A. D. Barrett, Robert L. Bartlett, Miss Florence Dibell Baur, Mrs. Jacob Bensabott, R. Bermingham, Edward J. Blaine, Mrs. Emmons Borden, John Borland, Chauncey B. Brassert, Herman A. Brewster, Walter S. Browne, Aldis J. Buchanan, D. W. Budd, Britton I. Burnham, John Burt, William G. Butler, Julius W. Butler, Rush C. Carpenter, Mrs. John Alden Carr, George R. Carr, Walter S. Casalis, Mrs. Maurice Chatfield-Taylor, Wayne Clegg, Mrs. William G. Connor, Ronnoc Hill Cook, Mrs. Daphne Field Corley, F. D. Cramer, Corwith Crossett, Edward C. Crossley, Lady Josephine Crossley, Sir Kenneth Cudahy, Edward A. Cummings, Walter J. Cunningham, James D. Cushing, Charles G. Dahl, Ernest A. Delano, Frederic A. Dick, Albert B., Jr. Dierssen, Ferdinand W. Donnelley, Thomas E. Doyle, Edward J. Drake, John B. Edmunds, Philip S. Ely, Mrs. C. Morse Epstein, Max Ewing, Charles Hull Farr, Newton Camp Farr, Miss Shirley Fay, C. N. Fenton, Howard W. Fentress, Calvin Fernald, Charles Field, Joseph N. Field, Marshall Field, Marshall, Jr. Field, Norman Field, Mrs. Norman Field, Stanley Field, Mrs. Stanley Gardner, Robert A. Gowing, J. Parker Hamill, Alfred E. Harris, Albert W. Harris, Norman W. Hayes, William F. Hecht, Frank A. Hemmens, Mrs. Walter P. Hibbard, Frank Hickox, Mrs. Charles V. Hopkins, L. J. Horowitz, L. J. Hoyt, N. Landon Hutchins, James C. Insull, Samuel, Jr. Jarnagin, William N. Jelke, John F. Joiner, Theodore E. Jones, Miss Gwethalyn Kelley, Russell P. King, James G. Kirk, Walter Radcliffe Ladd, John Lehmann, E. J. Leonard, Clifford M. Levy, Mrs. David M. Linn, Mrs. Dorothy C. Logan, Spencer H. MacDowell, Charles H. MacLeish, John E. MacVeagh, Eames Madlener, Mrs. Albert F. Mason, William S. McBain, Hughston M. McKinlay, John Meyer, Carl Meyne, Gerhardt F. Mitchell, William H. Morse, Charles H. Munroe, Charles A. Myrland, Arthur L. Ormsby, Dr. Oliver S. Orr, Robert M. Paesch, Charles A. Palmer, Honore Pick, Albert Prentice, Mrs. Clarence C. Rodman, Mrs. Katherine Field Rodman, Thomas Clifford 102 LIFE MEMBERS (continued) Rosenwald, William Rubloff, Arthur Ryerson, Edward L. Seabury, Charles W. Searle, John G. Shirk, Joseph H. Smith, Alexander Smith, Solomon A. Spalding, Keith Stuart, Harry L. Stuart, John Stuart, R. Douglas Adler, Max Block, Leopold E. Carpenter, Augustus A. Sturges, George Swift, Harold H. Thorne, Robert J. Tree, Ronald L. F. Tyson, Russell Uihlein, Edgar J. Veatch, George L. Walker, Dr. James W. Wanner, Harry C. Ward, P. C. DECEASED, 1952 Dawes, Henry M. Gilbert, Huntly H. Hinde, Thomas W. Ware, Louis Welch, Mrs. Edwin P. Welling, John P. Whitney, Mrs. Julia L. Wickwire, Mrs. Edward L. Wieboldt, William A. Willard, Alonzo J. Wilson, John P. Wilson, Thomas E. Winston, Garrard B. Woolley, Clarence M. Wrigley, Philip K. Mclnnerney, Thomas H. Sprague, Mrs. Albert A. NON-RESIDENT LIFE MEMBERS Those, residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, who have contributed $100 to the Museum Allen, Dr. T. George Andrew, Edward Coolidge, Harold J. Desmond, Thomas C. Dulany, George W., Jr. Gregg, John Wyatt Hearne, Knox Holloman, Mrs. Delmar W. Johnson, Herbert F., Jr. Maxwell, Gilbert S. Moeller, George Osgood, Mrs. Cornelius Richardson, Dr. Maurice L. Rosenwald, Lessing J. Sardeson, Orville A. Stephens, W. C. Stern, Mrs. Edgar B. Vernay, Arthur S. Zerk, Oscar U. ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Those who have contributed $1 00 to the Museum Aaron, Charles Aaron, Ely M. Abbott, Donald Putnam, Jr. Abeles, Mrs. Jerome G. Abrams, Duff A. Ackerman, Charles N. Adamick, Gustave H. Adams, Mrs. Charles S. Adams, Mrs. Frances Sprogle Adams, Miss Jane Adams, John Q. Adams, Mrs. S. H. Adams, Mrs. Samuel Adams, William C. Adamson, Henry T. Adler, Mrs. Max Ahlschlager, Walter W. Alberts, Mrs. M. Lee Alden, William T. Aldis, Graham Alexander, Mrs. Arline V. Alexander, Edward Alexander, William H. Allbright, John G. Allen, Mrs. Grace G. Allen, Herman Allen, Waldo Morgan Allensworth, A. P. Allin, J. J. Allison, Mrs. William M. Alsip, Mrs. Charles H. Alter, Harry Alton, Carol W. Alward, Walter C, Jr. Ames, Rev. Edward S. Anderson, Mrs. A. W. Anderson, Mrs. Alfred Anderson, Mrs. Alma K. 103 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Anderson, Miss Florence Regina Andrews, Mrs. E. C. Andrews, Milton H. Angelopoulos, Archie Anstiss, George P. Antrim, E. M. Appelt, Mrs. Jessie E. Appleton, John Albert Armbrust, John T. Armour, A. Watson, III Armour, Philip D. Armstrong, Mrs. Julian Armstrong, Kenneth E. Arn, W. G. Arnold, Mrs. Lloyd Artingstall, Samuel G. Ascher, Fred Ashenhurst, Harold S. Asher, Norman Atwood, Philip T. Aurelius, Mrs. Marcus A. Avery, George J. Ayres, Robert B. Babson, Mrs. Gustavus Bachmeyer, Dr. Arthur C. Back, Miss Maude F. Bacon, Dr. Alfons R. Badger, Shreve Cowles Baer, David E. Baer, Mervin K. Baer, Walter S. Bagby, John C. Baggaley, William Blair Bair, W. P. Baird, Harry K. Baker, Mrs. Alfred L. Baker, G. W. Baker, Greeley Baldwin, Vincent Curtis Balgemann, Otto W. Balkin, Louis Ball, Dr. Fred E. Ballard, Mrs. Foster K. Ballenger, A. G. Baltis, Walter S. Banes, W. C. Bannister, Miss Ruth D. Barber, Phil C. Bargquist, Miss Lillian D. Barkhausen, L. H. Barnes, Cecil Barnes, Mrs. Charles Osborne Barnes, Harold O. Barnett, Claude A. Barnhart, Mrs. A. M. Barr, Mrs. Alfred H. Barr, George Barrett, Mrs. Arthur M. Barrett, Mrs. Harold G. Barthell, Gary Bartholomae, Mrs. Emma Bartholomay, F. H. Bartholomay, Henry Bartholomay, Mrs. William, Jr. Bartlett, Frederic C. Barton, Mrs. Enos M. Basile, William B. Basta, George A. Bastian, Charles L. Bastien, A. E. Bates, Mrs. A. M. Bates, George A. Bates, Joseph A. Battey, Paul L. Baum, Mrs. James E. Baum, Wilhelm Baumann, Harry P. Bausch, William C. Beach, Miss Bess K. Beach, E. Chandler Beachy, Mrs. Walter F. Beatty, John T. Bechtner, Paul Beck, Alexander Becker, Benjamin V. Becker, Frederick G. Becker, James H. Becker, Louis L. Beckler, R. M. Beckman, Victor A. Beckman, Mrs. Victor A. Beckman, William H. Beddoes, Hubert Behr, Mrs. Edith Beidler, Francis, II Belden, Joseph C, Jr. Bell, Mrs. Laird Benjamin, Jack A. Benner, Harry Bennett, Bertram W. Bennett, S. A. Bennett, Prof. J. Gardner Benson, John Benson, Mrs. Thaddeus R. Bent, John P. Bentley, Mrs. Cyrus Berend, George F. Berkely, Dr. J. G. Berkson, Mrs. Maurice Bernstein, Philip Berry, V. D. Bersbach, Elmer S. Bertschinger, Dr. C. F. Besly, Mrs. C. H. Bettendorf, Harry J. Bettman, Dr. Ralph B. Bichl, Thomas A. Biddle, Robert C. Biehn, Dr. J. F. Bigelow, Mrs. Ann Biggers, Bryan B. Biggs, Mrs. Joseph H. Bigler, Mrs. Albert J. Bigler, Dr. John A. Billow, Miss Virginia Bird, Miss Frances Birk, Miss Amelia Bishop, Howard P. Bishop, Miss Martha V. Bittel, Mrs. Frank J. Bixby, Edward Randall Blackburn, Oliver A. Blair, Mrs. M. Barbour Blair, Wm. McCormick Blair, Wolcott Blatchford, Dr. Frank Wicks Blecker, Mrs. Michael, Jr. Block, Joseph L. Block, Leigh B. Block, Mrs. Leigh B. Block, Philip D., Jr. Bloss, Mrs. Sidney M. Bluford, Mrs. David Blum, Harry H. Blunt, J. E., Jr. Boal, Stewart Boericke, Mrs. Anna Boettcher, Arthur H. Bohasseck, Charles Bohrer, Randolph Bolotin, Hyman Bolten, Paul H. Bondy, Berthold Boomer, Dr. Paul C. Boone, Arthur Booth, George E. Borg, George W. Bori, Mrs. Albert V. Borland, Mrs. Bruce Borland, William F. Borowitz, David Borwell, Robert C. Bosch, Charles Bosch, Mrs. Henry Bosworth, Mrs. Roland I. Botts, Graeme G. Boulton, Mrs. Rudyerd Bousa, Dr. Bohuslav Bowen, Mrs. Louise DeKoven Bowers, Ralph E. Bowman, Mrs. E. M. Bowman, Johnston A. Boyd, Mrs. T. Kenneth 104 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS {continued) Boynton, A. J. Boynton, Frederick P. Brach, Mrs. F. V. Bradley, Mrs. A. Ballard Brainerd, Mrs. Arthur T. Bramble, Delhi G. C. Brandt, Charles H. Bransfield, John J. Brauer, Mrs. Paul Bremner, Mrs. David F. Brendecke, Miss June Brenner, S. L. Brennom, Dr. Elmo F. Brennwasser, S. M. Brenza, Miss Mary Breslin, Dr. Winston I. Brewer, Mrs. Angeline L. Breyer, Mrs. Theodor Bridges, Arnold Bristol, James T. Brock, A. J. Brodribb, Lawrence C. Brodsky, J. J. Brostoff, Harry M. Brown, A. Wilder Brown, Mrs. C. H. Brown, Christy Brown, David S. Brown, Mrs. Everett C. Brown, John T. Brown, Dr. Joshua M. Brown, Mark A. Brown, William F. Bruckner, William T. Brugman, John J. Bruhn, H. C. Brundage, Avery Brunswick, Larry Buchen, Mrs. Walther H. Buchner, Dr. E. M. Buck, Nelson Leroy Buckley, Mrs. Warren Bucklin, Mrs. Vail R. Buddig, Carl Buehler, H. L. Buettner, Walter J. Buffington, Mrs. Margaret A. Buhmann, Gilbert G. Bunge, Mrs. Albert J. Bunte, Mrs. Theodore W. Burbott, E. W. Burch, Clayton B. Burchmore, John S. Burdick, Mrs. Alfred S. Burgweger, Mrs. Meta Dewes Burke, Webster H. Burley, Mrs. Clarence A. Burnham, Mrs. George Burns, Mrs. Randall W. Burry, William Bush, Earl J. Bush, Mrs. William H. Butler, Mrs. Hermon B. Butler, John M. Butler, Paul Butz, Theodore C. Butzow, Mrs. Robert C. Byrne, Miss Margaret H. Cahn, Dr. Alvin R. Cahn, Bertram J. Cahn, Morton D. Caine, Leon J. Callender, Mrs. Joseph E. Calmeyn, Frank B. Camenisch, Miss Sophia C. Cameron, Will J. Camp, Mrs. Arthur Royce Campbell, Herbert J. Canby, Caleb H., Jr. Canman, Richard W. Canmann, Mrs. Harry L. Capes, Lawrence R. Capps, Dr. Joseph A. Cardelli, Mrs. Giovanni Carlin, Leo J. Carmell, Daniel D. Carney, William Roy Caron, 0. J. Carpenter, Mrs. Frederic Ives, Sr. Carpenter, Hubbard Carqueville, Mrs. A. R. Carr, Mrs. Clyde M. Carr, Robert A. Carroll, John A. Carter, Mrs. Armistead B. Carter, Miss Frances Jeannette Carton, Alfred T. Carton, Laurence A. Cary, Dr. Eugene Castle, Alfred C. Castruccio, Giuseppe Cates, Dudley Cedar, Merwyn E. Cederlund, R. Stanley Cerling, Fredolph A. Cernoch, Frank Chandler, Henry P. Chapin, William Arthur Chapman, Arthur E. Chatain, Robert N. Cheney, Dr. Henry W. Chenier, Miss Mizpah Cherones, George D. Cherry, Walter L., Jr. Childs, Mrs. George W. Chinlund, Miss Ruth E. Chislett, Miss Kate E. Christensen, E. C. Christiansen, Dr. Henry Churan, Charles A. Clare, Carl P. Clark, Ainsworth W. Clark, Miss Alice Keep Clark, Mrs. Edward S. Clark, Edwin H. Clarke, Charles F. Clarke, Harley L. Clay, John Clemen, Dr. Rudolph A. Clifford, Fred J., Jr. Clinch, Duncan L. Clithero, W. S. Clonick, Abraham J. Clonick, Seymour E. Clow, Mrs. Harry B. Clow, William E., Jr. Coath, V. W. Cochran, John L. Cohen, George B. Cohen, Mrs. L. Lewis Colburn, Frederick S. Colby, Mrs. George E. Cole, Sidney I. Coleman, Clarence L., Jr. Coleman, Dr. George H. Coleman, Mrs. John Coleman, Loring W. Coleman, Marvin H. Collins, Beryl B. Collison, E. K. Colvin, Miss Catharine Colvin, Miss Jessie Colwell, Clyde C. Compton, Mrs. Arthur H. Compton, D. M. Conger, Miss Cornelia Conkey, Henry P. Conklin, Miss Shirley Connell, P. G. Conners, Harry Connor, Frank H. Conover, Miss Margaret B. Cook, Miss Alice B. Cook, Mrs. Charles B. Cook, Mrs. David S. Cook, Jonathan Miller Cook, L. Charles Cook, Louis T. Cook, Thomas H. Cooke, Charles E. Cooke, Miss Flora Cooley, Gordon A. Coolidge, Miss Alice Coolidge, E. Channing Coolidge, Dr. Edgar D. 105 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Coombs, James F. Coonley, John Stuart Coonley, Prentiss L. Cooper, Samuel Copland, David Corbett, Mrs. William J. Cornell, Mrs. John E. Cosford, Thomas H. Coston, James E. Cowan, Mrs. Grace L. Cowen, Maurice L. Cowles, Knight C. Cox, James C. Cox, William D. Cragg, Mrs. George L. Crane, Charles R., II Creange, A. L. Crego, Mrs. Dominica S. Crerar, Mrs. John Crilly, Edgar Cromwell, Miss Juliette Clara Crowley, C. A. Cubbins, Dr. William R. Cudahy, Edward I. Cudahy, Mrs. Joseph M. Cummings, Mrs. D. Mark Cummings, Edward M. Cummings, Mrs. Frances S. Cuneo, John F. Curtis, Austin Guthrie, Jr. Cusack, Harold Cushing, John Caleb Cushman, Barney Cutler, Henry E. Cutler, Paul William Cuttle, Harold E. Daemicke, Mrs. Irwin Paul Dahlberg, Bror G. Daily, Richard Daley, Harry C. Dalmar, Mrs. Hugo Dalmar, Hugo, Jr. Dammann, J. F. Dangel, W. H. Danielson, Philip A. Danley, Jared Gage Danne, William C, Jr. Dantzig, Leonard P. D'Aquila, George Darbo, Howard H. Darrow, Paul E. Daughaday, C. Colton Davey, Mrs. Bruce E. David, Dr. Vernon C. Davidson, David W. Davidson, Miss Mary E. Davies, Marshall Davis, Arthur Davis, C. S. Davis, Don L. Davis, Frank S. Davis, Dr. Joseph A. Davis, Dr. Loyal Davis, Dr. Nathan S., Ill Deahl, Uriah S. Deane, Mrs. Ruthven Decker, Charles 0. DeCosta, Lewis M. deDardel, Carl O. Deeming, W. S. Degen, David DeLemon, H. R. Delph, Dr. John F. Demaree, H. S. Deming, Everett G. Dempster, Mrs. Charles W. Denison, Mrs. John Porter Denman, Mrs. Burt J. Dennehy, Thomas C, Jr. Denney, Ellis H. Deslsles, Mrs. Carrie L. Deutsch, Mrs. Percy L. DeVries, David Dick, Edison Dick, Elmer J. Dick, Mrs. Homer T. Dickey, Roy Dickinson, F. R. Dickinson, Robert B. Dickinson, Mrs. Thompson Diestel, Mrs. Herman Dimick, Miss Elizabeth Dimmer, Miss Elizabeth G. Dix, Richard H. Dixon, George W., Jr. Dixon, Mrs. William Warren Dobyns, Mrs. Henry F. Doctor, Isidor Dodge, Mrs. Paul C. Doering, Otto C. Doetsch, Miss Anna Dolese, Mrs. John Donker, Mrs. William Donlon, Mrs. Stephen E. Donnel, Mrs. Curtis, Jr. Donnelley, Gaylord Donnelley, Mrs. H. P. Donohue, Edgar T. Dornbusch, Charles H. Dorocke, Joseph, Jr. Dorschel, Q. P. Douglas, James H., Jr. Douglass, Kingman Douglass, Mrs. W. A. Dreutzer, Carl Drever, Thomas Dreyfus, Mrs. Mo'ise Dubbs, C. P. DuBois, Laurence M. Dudley, Laurence H. Dulsky, Mrs. Samuel Dunbaugh, Harry J. Duncan, Albert G. Duner, Joseph A. Dunlop, Mrs. Simpson Dunn, Samuel O. Durand, Mrs. N. E. Durbin, Fletcher M. Easterberg, C. J. Eastman, Mrs. George H. Eaton, J. Frank Ebeling, Frederic 0. Eckhart, Percy B. Eddy, Thomas H. Edwards, Miss Edith E. Egan, William B. Egloff, Dr. Gustav Eichengreen, Edmund K. Eiseman, Fred R. Eisenberg, Sam J. Eisendrath, Edwin W. Eisendrath, Miss Elsa B. Eisendrath, Robert M. Eisendrath, William B. Eisenschiml, Mrs. Otto Eisenstaedt, Harry Eisenstein, Sol Eitel, Karl Eitel, Max Elcock, Mrs. Edward G. Elich, Robert William Ellbogen, Miss Celia Elliott, Dr. Clinton A. Elliott, Frank R. Ellis, Howard Elting, Howard Embree, Henry S. Embree, J. W., Jr. Emery, Edward W. Emmerich, Miss Clara L. Engberg, Miss Ruth M. Engel, Miss Henrietta Engstrom, Harold Erdmann, Mrs. C. Pardee Erickson, Donovan Y. Erickson, James A. Ericson, Mrs. Chester F. Ericsson, Clarence Ericsson, Dewey A. Ericsson, Walter H. Erikson, Carl A. Ernst, Mrs. Leo Erskine, Albert DeWolf Etten, Henry C. 106 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Eustice, Mrs. Alfred L. Evans, Miss Anna B. Evans, David J. Evans, Eliot H. Fabrice, Edward H. Fabry, Herman Fackt, Mrs. George P. Fader, A. L. Faget, James E. Faherty, Roger Faithorn, Walter E. Falk, Miss Amy Fallon, Mrs. J. B. Fallon, Dr. W. Raymond Falls, Dr. A. G. Farnham, Mrs. Harry J. Farrell, Mrs. B. J. Farwell, John V., Ill Faulkner, Charles J. Faulkner, Miss Elizabeth Faurot, Henry, Jr. Favill, Mrs. John Fay, Eugene C. Feiwell, Morris E. Felix, Benjamin B. Fellows, William K. Felsenthal, Edward George Fennekohl, Mrs. Arthur C. Fernald, Robert W. Ferry, Mrs. Frank F. Fetzer, Wade Filkins, A. J. Fineman, Oscar Finley, Max H. Finnegan, Richard J. Finnerud, Dr. Clark W. Firsel, Maurice S. Fischel, Frederic A. Fish, Mrs. Helen S. Fishbein, Dr. Morris Fisher, Harry M. Fisk, Mrs. Burnham M. Fitzpatrick, Mrs. John A. Flavin, Edwin F. Fleming, Mrs. Joseph B. Florsheim, Harold M. Florsheim, Irving S. Florsheim, Mrs. Milton S. Folonie, Mrs. Robert J. Folsom, Mrs. William R. Foote, Mrs. Harley T. Forch, Mrs. John L., Jr. Ford, Mrs. Willis Roland Foreman, Mrs. Alfred K. Foreman, Mrs. E. G. Foreman, Edwin G., Jr. Foreman, Harold E. Forgan, James B. Forgan, Mrs. J. Russell Forgan, Robert D. Forman, Charles Forster, J. George Fortune, Miss Joanna Foster, Mrs. Charles K. Fox, Jacob Logan Fox, Dr. Paul C. Franche, Mrs. D. C, III Frank, Arthur A. Frankel, Louis Frankenstein, William B. Frankenthal, Dr. Lester E., Jr. Franklin, Egington Frazer, Mrs. George E. Freedman, Dr. I. Val Freeman, Charles Y. Freiler, Abraham J. French, Dudley K. Frenier, A. B. Freudenthal, G. S. Frey, Charles Daniel Freyn, Henry J. Fridstein, Meyer Friedlich, Mrs. Herbert Friestedt, Arthur A. Fuller, Mrs. Gretta Patterson Fuller, J. E. Fuller, Judson M. Furry, William S. Gabriel, Adam Gaertner, William Galgano, John H. Gall, Charles H. Gall, Harry T. Gallup, Rockwell L. Gait, Mrs. A. T. Gamble, D. E. Garcia, Jose Garden, Hugh M. G. Gardiner, Mrs. John L. Gardner, Addison L., Jr. Gardner, Henry A. Gardner, Mrs. James P. Garen, Joseph F. Garnett, Joseph B. Garrison, Dr. Lester E. Gates, Mrs. L. F. Gawne, Miss Clara V. Gay, Rev. A. Royal Gear, H. B. Gehl, Dr. W. H. Gehrmann, Felix Geiger, Alfred B. Geiling, Dr. E. M. K. Geittmann, Dr. W. F. Geldmeier, Dr. Erwin F. Gellert, Donald N. Gensburg, Samuel H. Gentry, Veit Gentz, Miss Margaret Nina Gerber, Max Gerding, R. W. Gerngross, Mrs. Leo Gerstley, Dr. Jesse R. Gettelman, Mrs. Sidney H. Gettleman, Frank E. Getz, Mrs. James R. Getzoff, E. B. Gibbs, Richard F. Gibson, Dr. Stanley Gidwitz, Alan K. Giffey, Miss Hertha Gifford, Mrs. Frederick C. Gilchrist, Mrs. John F. Gilchrist, Mrs. William Albert Giles, Mrs. Guy H. Gillette, Mrs. Ellen D. Gilmore, Dr. John H. Gimbel, J. W., Jr. Ginther, Miss Minnie C. Giryotas, Dr. Emelia J. Glaescher, Mrs. G. W. Glasner, Rudolph W. Glasser, Joshua B. Goes, Mrs. Arthur A. Golden, Dr. Isaac J. K. Golding, Robert N. Goldman, Mrs. Louis Goldstein, Dr. Helen L. Button Goldstein, Nathan S. Goldstine, Dr. Mark T. Goldy, Walter I. Goltra, Mrs. William B. Goode, Mrs. Rowland T. Gooden, G. E. Goodman, Benedict K. Goodman, Mrs. Milton F. Goodman, W. J. Goodman, William E. Goodwin, Clarence Norton Goodwin, George S. Gordon, Colin S. Gordon, Harold J. Gordon, Dr. Richard J. Gordon, Mrs. Robert D. Gorrell, Mrs. Warren Gottlieb, Frederick M. Gould, Jay Gould, Mrs. June K. Grade, Joseph Y. Graff, Oscar C. Graham, Douglas Graham, E. V. 107 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Graham, Miss Margaret H. Gramm, Mrs. Helen Granger, Mrs. Lillian M. Grant, James D. Grant, John G. Graves, Austin T. Graves, Howard B. Grawoig, Allen Gray, Dr. Earle Gray, Edward Gray, Philip S. Green, Michael Green, Robert D. Greenacre, Miss Cordelia Ann Greenburg, Dr. Ira E. Greene, Henry E. Greene, Howard T. Greenlee, Mrs. William Brooks Greenman, Mrs. Earl C. Gregory, Stephen S., Jr. Gregory, Tappan Gressens, Otto Grey, Dr. Dorothy Griest, Mrs. Marianna L. Griffenhagen, Mrs. Edwin O. Griffith, Mrs. Carroll L. Griffith, Mrs. William Griswold, Harold T. Grizzard, James A. Groak, Irwin D. Gronkowski, Rev. C. I. Groot, Cornelius J. Groot, Lawrence A. Gross, Henry R. Grossman, Frank I. Grothenhuis, Mrs. William J. Grotowski, Mrs. Leon Gruhn, Alvah V. Grunow, Mrs. William C. Guenzel, Louis Guest, Ward E. Gurley, Miss Helen K. Gurman, Samuel P. Gustafson, Gilbert E. Guthman, Edwin I. Gwinn, William R. Hadley, Mrs. Edwin M. Haffner, Mrs. Charles C, Jr. Hagen, Mrs. Daise Haight, George I. Hair, T. R. Hajicek, Rudolph F. Haldeman, Walter S. Hale, Mrs. Samuel Hales, William M. Hall, Edward B. Hall, Mrs. J. B. Halligan, W. J. Hallmann, Herman F. Halperin, Aaron Halverstadt, Romaine M. Hamm, Fred B. Hammaker, Paul M. Hammerschmidt, Mrs. George F. Hand, George W. Hanley, Henry L. Hann, J. Roberts Hansen, Mrs. Carl Hansen, Mrs. Fred A. Hansen, Jacob W. Hanson, Mrs. Norman R. Harder, John H. Harders, Mrs. Flora Rassweiler Harding, John Cowden Harms, VanDeursen Harper, Alfred C. Harrington, David L. Harris, Mrs. Abraham Harris, David J. Harris, Gordon L. Harris, Stanley G. Hart, Mrs. Herbert L. Hart, Max A. Hart, William M. Hartmann, A. O. Hartshorn, Kenneth L. Hartwig, Otto J. Hartz, W. Homer Harvey, Byron, III Harvey, Richard M. Harwood, Thomas W. Haskell, Mrs. George E. Hass, G. C. Hay, Mrs. William Sherman Hayakawa, Dr. S. I. Hayes, Charles M. Hayes, Harold C. Hayes, Miss Mary E. Haynie, Miss Rachel W. Hays, Mrs. Arthur A. Hayslett, Arthur J. Hazlett, Dr. William H. Hazlett, Mrs. William H. Healy, Vincent Jerrems Heaney, Dr. N. Sproat Hearst, Mrs. Jack W. Heaton, Harry E. Heaton, Herman C. Heffernan, Miss Lili Hefner, Adam Heide, Mrs. Bernard H. Heiman, Marcus Heinzelman, Karl Heinzen, Mrs. Carl Heisler, Francis Hejna, Joseph F. Heldmaier, Miss Marie Helfrich, J. Howard Heller, Albert Heller, John A. Heller, Mrs. Walter E. Hellman, George A. Hellyer, Walter Hemple, Miss Anne C. Henderson, Kenneth M. Henkel, Frederick W. Henley, Dr. Eugene H. Hennings, Mrs. Abraham J. Henry, Huntington B. Henschel, Edmund C. Herbst, LeRoy B. Herron, James C. Herron, Mrs. Oliver L. Hershey, J. Clarence Hertz, Mrs. Fred Hertzberg, Lawrence Herwig, George Herwig, William D., Jr. Herz, Mrs. Alfred Hesse, E. E. Heverly, Earl L. Hibbard, Mrs. Angus S. Hibbard, Mrs. W. G. Hieber, Master J. Patrick Higley, Mrs. Charles W. Hildebrand, Dr. Eugene, Jr. Hildebrand, Grant M. Hill, Mrs. Russell D. Hille, Dr. Hermann Hillebrecht, Herbert E. Hills, Edward R. Hind, Mrs. John Dwight Hinman, Mrs. Estelle S. Hinrichs, Henry, Jr. Hintz, Mrs. Aurelia Bertol Hirsch, Jacob H. Histed, J. Roland Hixon, Mrs. Frank P. Hodgkinson, Mrs. W. R. Hodgson, Mrs. G. C. Hoefman, Harold L. Hoffman, Miss Elizabeth Hoffmann, Edward Hempstead Hogan, Robert E. Hokin, Mrs. Barney E. Holabird, W. S., Jr. Holden, Edward A. Hollander, Mrs. Samuel Holleb, A. Paul Hollenbach, Louis Holliday, W. J. 108 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Hollis, Henry L. Holmburger, Max Holmes, George J. Holmes, Miss Harriet F. Holmes, J. A. Holmes, Mrs. Maud G. Holmes, William Holmes, William N. Holt, Miss Ellen Holt, McPherson Holub, Anthony S. Holzheimer, Carl Homan, Miss Blossom L. Honsik, Mrs. James M. Hoover, Mrs. Fred W. Hoover, H. Earl Hoover, Ray P. Hope, Alfred S. Hopkins, Albert L. Hopkins, Mrs. James M. Hopkins, Mrs. James M., Jr. Horcher, William W. Home, Mrs. William Dodge, Jr. Horner, Mrs. Maurice L., Jr. Hornung, Joseph J. Horton, Mrs. Helen Horton, Horace B. Horween, Arnold Horween, Isidore Hosbein, Louis H. Hovland, Mrs. John P. Howard, Willis G. Howe, Charles Albee Howe, Clinton W. Howe, Mrs. Pierce Layman Howe, Ralph B. Howe, Roger F. Howes, Mrs. Frank W. Howie, Mrs. James E. Howse, Richard G. Howson, Louis R. Hoyne, Miss Susan D. Hoyt, Mrs. Phelps B. Hraback, L. W. Hrdlicka, Mrs. John D. Hubbard, George W. Huber, Dr. Harry Lee Hudson, Miss Katherine J. Hudson, Walter L. Huey, Mrs. A. S. Hufty, Mrs. F. P. Huggins, Dr. Ben H. Hughes, John E. Hume, James P. Humphrey, H. K. Huncke, Herbert S. Huncke, Oswald W. Hunding, B. N. Hurd, Ferris E. Hurvitz, H. R. Huska, Mrs. Joseph Hust, George Huszagh, Ralph D. Hutchinson, Foye P. Hutchinson, Samuel S. Hyatt, R. C. Ickes, Raymond W. Idelman, Bernard Igo, Michael L. Ilg, Robert A. Illich, George M., Jr. Ingalls, Allin K. Inlander, N. Newton Inlander, Samuel Irons, Dr. Ernest E. Isaacs, Charles W., Jr. Isham, Henry P. Ives, Clifford E. Jackson, Allan Jackson, Archer L. Jackson, Mrs. Arthur S. Jackson, Miss Laura E. Jackson, Mrs. W. A. Jacobi, Miss Emily C. Jacobs, Julius Jacobs, Mrs. Walter H. Jacobson, Raphael James, Walter C. Jameson, Clarence W. Jancosek, Thomas A. Janson, Dr. C. Helge M. Janusch, Fred W. Jarchow, Mrs. C. E. Jarchow, Charles C. Jarrow, Harry W. Jeffreys, Mrs. Mary M. Jeffries, Dr. Daniel W. Jenkinson, Mrs. Arthur Gilbert Jennings, Ode D. Jerger, Wilbur Joseph Jetzinger, David Jirgal, John Jirka, Dr. Frank J. John, Dr. Findley D. Johnson, Dr. Adelaide Johnson, Alvin O. Johnson, Calmer L. Johnson, Mrs. Harley Alden Johnson, Joseph M. Johnson, Nels E. Johnson, Mrs. O. W. Johnson, Olaf B. Johnson, Philip C. Johnston, Edward R. Johnston, Miss Fannie S. Johnston, Mrs. Hubert McBean Johnston, Mrs. M. L. Jolly, Miss Eva Josephine Jonak, Frank J. Jones, Mrs. C. A. Jones, James B. Jones, Dr. Margaret M. Jones, Melvin Jones, Miss Susan E. Joseph, Mrs. Jacob G. Joseph, Louis L. Joy, Guy A. Judson, Clay Juergens, H. Paul Julien, Victor R. Kahn, Mrs. Arthur S. Kahn, J. Kesner Kahn, Jerome J. Kahn, Louis Kaine, James B. Kamins, Dr. Maclyn M. Kane, Jerome M. Kanter, Jerome J. Kaplan, Morris I. Kasch, Frederick M. Katz, Mrs. Sidney L. Katz, Solomon Katzenstein, Mrs. George P. Katzin, Frank Kauffman, Mrs. R. K. Kauffmann, Alfred Kaufman, Justin Kaufmann, Dr. Gustav L. Kavanagh, Clarence H. Kay, Mrs. Marie E. Keefe, Mrs. George I. Kehl, Robert Joseph Kehoe, Mrs. High Boles Keith, Stanley Keith, Mrs. Stanley Kelker, Rudolph F., Jr. Kelly, Mrs. Haven Core Kelly, Miss Katherine Marjorie Kelly, William J. Kemper, Hathaway G. Kemper, Miss Hilda M. Kempner, Harry B. Kempner, Stan Kendall, Mrs. Virginia H. Kendrick, John F. Kennedy, Mrs. E. J. Kennedy, Lesley Kennelly, Martin H. Kenney, Clarence B. Kent, Dr. O. B. Keogh, Gordon E. Kern, Mrs. August 109 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Kern, H. A. Kern, Dr. Nicholas H. Kern, Trude Kerwin, Edward M. Kestnbaum, Meyer Kettering, Mrs. Eugene W. Kew, Mrs. Stephen M. Kidwell, L. B. Kiessling, Mrs. Charles S. Kile, Miss Jessie J. Kimball, David W. Kimball, William W. Kimbark, John R. King, Clinton B. King, Joseph H. Kingman, Mrs. Arthur G. Kinsey, Robert S. Kirkland, Mrs. Weymouth Kirst, Lyman R. Kitchell, Howell W. Kitzelman, Otto Kleinpell, Dr. Henry H. Kleist, Mrs. Harry Kleppinger, William H. Kleutgen, Dr. Arthur C. Klinetop, Mrs. Charles W. Knickerbocker, Miss Paula Knopf, Andrew J. Knutson, George H. Koch, Mrs. Fred J. Koch, Raymond J. Koch, Robert J. Kochs, August Koehnlein, Wilson O. Kohler, Eric L. Konsberg, Alvin V. Kopf, Miss Isabel Koppenaal, Dr. Elizabeth Thompson Kornblith, Mrs. Howard G. Kosobud, William F. Kotal, John A. Kotin, George N. Koucky, Dr. J. D. Kovac, Stefan Krafft, Mrs. Walter A. Kraft, James L. Kraft, John H. Kraft, Norman Kralovec, Emil G. Kralovec, Mrs. Otto J. Kramer, Leroy Kraus, Peter J. Kraus, Samuel B. Krautter, L. Martin Kresl, Carl Kretschmer, Herman L., Jr. Krez, Leonard O. Kroehler, Kenneth Kropff, C. G. Krost, Dr. Gerard N. Kuehn, A. L. Kuh, Mrs. Edwin J., Jr. Kuhn, Frederick T. Kuhn, Dr. Hedwig S. Kunka, Bernard J. Kunstadter, Albert Kunstadter, Sigmund W. Kurfess, John Fredric Kurtz, W. O. Kurtzon, Morris Lacey, Miss Edith M. Laflin, Louis E., Jr. Laflin, Louis E., Ill Lambert, C. A. Lampert, Wilson W. Lanahan, Mrs. M. J. Lane, F. Howard Lane, Ray E. Lang, Edward J. Langenbach.Mrs.AliceR. Langford, Mrs. Robert E. Langhorne, George Tayloe Lanman, E. B. Lansinger, Mrs. John M. Larimer, Howard S. Larsen, Samuel A. Larson, Mrs. Sarah G. Lassers, Sanford B. Latshaw, Dr. Blair S. Lauren, Newton B. Lautmann, Herbert M. Lavers, A. W. Lavezzorio, Mrs. J. B. Lavidge, Arthur W. Law, Mrs. Robert 0. Lawless, Dr. Theodore K. Lawson, David A. Lax, John Franklin Layden, Michael J. Lazar, Maurice Lazear, George C. Leahy, James F. Leahy, Thomas F. Leavell, James R. LeBaron, Miss Edna Lebold, Foreman N. Lebold, Samuel N. Lebolt, John Michael Lederer, Dr. Francis L. Lee, David Arthur Lee, Mrs. John H. S. Lefens, Miss Katherine J. Lefens, Walter C. Leichenko, Peter M. Leight, Mrs. Albert E. Leland, Miss Alice J. Leland, Mrs. Rosco G. LeMoon, A. R. Lennon, George W. Lenz, J. Mayo Leonard, Arthur T. Lerch, William H. Leslie, Dr. Eleanor I, Leslie, John Woodworth Lessman, Gerhard LeTourneau, Mrs. Robert Leverone, Louis E. Levinson, Mrs. Salmon 0. Levitan, Benjamin Levitetz, Nathan Levy, Alexander M. Levy, Arthur G. Lewis, Mrs. Ellis R. Lewy, Dr. Alfred L'Hommedieu, Arthur Liebman, A. J. Lillyblade, Clarence 0. Lindahl, Mrs. Edward J. Linden, John A. Lindheimer, B. F. Lingle, Bowman C. Liss, Samuel Little, Mrs. E. H. Littler, Harry E., Jr. Livingston, Julian M. Livingston, Mrs. Milton L. Llewellyn, Paul Lloyd, Glen A. Lochman, Philip Loeb, Hamilton M. Loewenberg, Israel S. Loewenberg, M. L. Loewenherz, Emanuel Loewenstein, Richard M. Loewenthal, Richard J. Logan, L. B. Long, William E. Loomis, Reamer G. Lord, Arthur R. Lord, John S. Lord, Mrs. Russell Loucks, Charles O. Louer, Albert E. M. Louis, Mrs. John J. Love, Chase W. Lovgren, Carl Lucey, Patrick J. Ludolph, Wilbur M. Lueder, Arthur C. Lunding, Franklin J. Luria, Herbert A. Lusk, R. R. Lustgarten, Samuel Lydon, Robert R. Lyford, Harry B. 110 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Lynch, J. W. Lyon, Charles H. Mabee, Mrs. Melbourne MacDonald, E. K. Maclntyre, Mrs. M. K. MacKenzie, William J. Mackey, Frank J. Mackinson, Dr. John C. MacLellan, K. F. MacMullen, Dr. Delia M. MacMurray, Mrs. Donald Madlener, Mrs. Albert F., Jr. Madlener, Otto Maehler, Edgar E. Magan, Miss Jane A. Magerstadt, Madeline Magill, John R. Magnus, Albert, Jr. Magnuson, Mrs. Paul Maher, Mrs. D. W. Main, Walter D. Majors, Mrs. B. S. Maling, Albert Malone, William H. Manaster, Harry Mandel, Mrs. Aaron W. Mandel, Edwin F. Mandel, Miss Florence Mandel, Mrs. Robert Manegold, Mrs. Frank W. Manierre, Francis E. Manierre, Louis Manley, John A. Maremont, Arnold H. Mark, Mrs. Cyrus Mark, Griffith Marquart, Arthur A. Marsh, A. Fletcher Marsh, John McWilliams, II Marsh, Mrs. John P. Marsh, Mrs. Marshall S. Marston, Mrs. Thomas B. Martin, Mrs. George B. Martin, George F. Martin, Samuel H. Martin, Wells Martin, Mrs. William P. Marx, Adolf Marx, Frederick Z. Marzluff, Frank W. Marzola, Leo A. Mason, Willard J. Massee, B. A. Massey, Peter J. Masterson, Peter Mathesius, Mrs. Walther Matson, J. Edward Matter, Mrs. John Maurer, Dr. Siegfried Maxant, Basil Maxwell, Lloyd R. Mayer, Frank D. Mayer, Mrs. Herbert G. Mayer, Herman J., Jr. Mayer, Isaac H. Mayer, Leo Mayer, Oscar F. Mayer, Oscar G. Mayer, Theodore S. Mazurek, Miss Olive McAloon, Owen J. McArthur, Billings M. McBirney, Mrs. Hugh J. McCahey, James B. McCarthy, Edmond J. McCarthy, Joseph W. McCausland, Mrs. Clara L. McClun, John M. McCord, Downer McCormack, Prof. Harry McCormick, Mrs. Chauncey McCormick, Fowler McCormick, Howard H. McCormick, Leander J. McCormick, Robert H., Jr. McCrea, Mrs. W. S. McCready, Mrs. E. W. McCreight, Louis Ralph McCutcheon, Mrs. John T. McDonald, E. F., Jr. McDonald, Lewis McDougal, Mrs. James B. McDougal, Mrs. Robert McErlean, Charles V. McGraw, Max McGurn, Matthew S. Mcintosh, Arthur T. Mcintosh, Mrs. Walter G. McKenna, Dr. Charles H. McKinney, Mrs. Hayes McLennan, Donald R., Jr. McLennan, Mrs. Donald R., Sr. McMenemy, Logan T. McMillan, James G. McMillan, John McMillan, W. B. McNamara, Louis G. McNamee, Peter F. McNulty, Joseph D. McQuarrie, Mrs. Fannie McVoy, John M. Mead, Dr. Henry C. A. Medsker, Dr. Ora L. Melcher, George Clinch Melnick, Leopold B. Merrell, John H. Merriam, Miss Eleanor Merrill, Miss Marion E. Merrill, William W. Metz, Dr. Arthur R. Meyer, Mrs. A. H. Meyer, Abraham W. Meyer, Dr. Charles A. Meyer, Charles Z. Meyerhoff, A. E. Meyers, Erwin A. Meyers, Jonas Michaels, Everett B. Michel, Dr. William J. Midowicz, C. E. Mielenz, Robert K. Milburn, Miss Anne L. Milhening, Frank Miller, Miss Bertie E. Miller, Mrs. Clayton W. Miller, Mrs. Donald J. Miller, Mrs. F. H. Miller, Hyman Miller, John S. Miller, Mrs. Olive Beaupre Miller, Oscar C. Miller, Mrs. Phillip Miller, R. T. Mills, Allen G. Mills, Lloyd Langdon Miner, Dr. Carl S. Minturn, Benjamin E. Mitchell, John J. Mitchell, Leeds Mitchell, Oliver Mock, Dr. Harry Edgar Moderwell, Charles M. Moeling, Mrs. Walter G. Moist, Mrs. Samuel E. Mojonnier, Timothy Mollan, Mrs. Feme T. Molloy, David J. Mong, Mrs. C. R. Monheimer, Henry I. Monroe, William S. Moore, Paul, Moore, Philip Wyatt Moran, Miss Margaret Morey, Dr. Charles W. Morf, F. William Morrison, Mrs. C. R. Morrison, Mrs. Harry Morrison, James C. Morrow, Mrs. John, Jr. Morse, Mrs. Charles J. Morse, Leland R. Morse, Mrs. Milton M. Morse, Robert H. Morton, Sterling Morton, William Morris 111 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Moses, Howard A. Moss, Jerome A. Mouat, Andrew J. Moxon, Dr. George W. Moyer, E. J. T. Moyer, Mrs. Paul S. Mudge, Mrs. John B. Muehlstein, Mrs. Charles Mueller, Austin M. Mueller, Miss Hedwig H. Mueller, J. Herbert Mueller, Paul H. Mulford, Miss Melinda Jane Mulhern, Edward F. Munroe, Moray Murphy, Joseph D. Murphy, 0. R. Murphy, Robert E. Muszynski, John J. Myrland, Arthur L. Naber, Henry G. Naess, Sigurd E. Nagel, Mrs. Frank E. Nance, Willis D. Naumann, Miss Susan Nebel, Herman C. Neely, Mrs. Lloyd F. Nehls, Arthur L. Nellegar, Mrs. Jay C. Nelson, Arthur W. Nelson, Charles G. Nelson, Donald M. Nelson, Victor W. Neuman, Sidney Neumann, Arthur E. Newberger, Joseph Michael Newhall, R. Frank Newhouse, Karl H. Newman, Mrs. Albert A. Newman, Charles H. Nichols, J. C. Nilsson, Mrs. Goodwin M. Nishkian, Mrs. Vaughn G. Nitze, Mrs. William A. Noble, Samuel R. Nollau, Miss Emma Noonan, Edward J. Norman, Harold W. Norris, Mrs. Lester Norton, Christopher D. Norton, R. H. Novak, Charles J. Noyes, A. H. Noyes, Allan S. Noyes, Mrs. May Wells Nufer, Gene Nusbaum, Mrs. Hermien D. Nyman, Dr. John Egbert Oates, James F. Oberf elder, Herbert M. Oberfelder, Walter S. Obermaier, John A. O'Brien, Miss Janet O'Connell, Edmund Daniel Odell, William R., Jr. Offield, James R. Oglesbee, Nathan H. O'Keefe, Mrs. Dennis D. O'Keeffe, William F. Olaison, Miss Eleanor O. Oldberg, Dr. Eric Oldefest, Edward G. Oleson, Wrisley B. Oliver, Mrs. Paul Olsen, Miss Agnes J. Olsen, Mrs. Arthur 0. Olson, Gustaf Olson, Rudolph J. O'Neil, Dr. Owen Onofrio, Mrs. Michael J. Ooms, Casper William Opeka, Frank M. Oppenheimer, Mrs. Harry D. Orndoff, Dr. Benjamin H. O'Rourke, Albert Orr, Mrs. Robert C. Orr, Thomas C. Orthal, A. J. Ortmayer, Dr. Marie Osborn, Theodore L. Ostrom, Mrs. J. Augustus Otis, J. Sanford Otis, Joseph E. Otis, Joseph Edward, Jr. Otis, Stuart Huntington Owings, Mrs. Nathaniel A. Paasche, Jens A. Packard, Dr. Rollo K. Paepcke, Walter P. Page, John W. Pallasch, Dr. Gervaise P. Palmer, James L. Palmgren, Mrs. Charles A. Pandaleon, Costa A. Pardee, Harvey S. Pardridge, Mrs. E. W. Park, R. E. Parker, Norman S. Parker, Troy L. Parks, C. R. Parmelee, Dr. A. H. Parry, Mrs. Norman G. Partridge, Lloyd C. Paschen, Mrs. Henry Pashkow, A. D. Patterson, Grier D. Patterson, Mrs. L. B. Patzelt, Miss Janet Peabody, Howard B. Peabody, Miss Susan W. Pearl, Allen S. Pearse, Langdon Pearson, F. W. Pearson, George Albert, Jr. Peck, Dr. David B. Peirce, Albert E. Pencik, Jan M. PenDell, Charles W. Percy, Dr. Mortimer Nelson Perel, Harry Z. Perkins, Mrs. Herbert F. Perry, Mrs. I. Newton Peter, William F. Peters, Harry A. Petersen, Elmer M. Petersen, Jurgen Peterson, Axel A. Peterson, Mrs. Bertha I. Peterson, Mrs. Richard E. Pfaelzer, Miss Elizabeth W. Pflock, Dr. John J. Phelps, Mrs. W. L. Phillips, Dr. Herbert Morrow Phillips, Mervyn C. Pick, Albert, Jr. Pick, Frederic G. Pierce, J. Norman Pierce, Paul, Jr. Pierson, Joseph B. Pink, Mrs. Ira M. Pirie, Mrs. John T. Pitzner, Alwin Frederick Plapp, Miss Doris A. Piatt, Edward Vilas Piatt, Mrs. Robert S. Plummer, Comer Plunkett, William H. Pobloske, Albert C. Podell, Mrs. Beatrice Hayes Polk, Mrs. Stella F. Pollak, Charles A. Poole, Mrs. Marie R. Poor, Fred A. Pope, Herbert Poppenhagen, Henry J. Porter, Charles H. Porter, Edward C. 112 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Porter, Mrs. Frank S. Porter, Henry H. Porter, Louis Porter, Mrs. Sidney S. Portis, Dr. Sidney A. Post, Mrs. Philip Sidney Pottenger, William A. Potts, Albert W. Poulson, Mrs. Clara L. Powills, Michael A. Pratt, Mrs. William E. Pray, Max Prentice, John K. Price, John McC. Primley, Walter S. Prince, Mrs. Arthur C. Prince, Harry Prince, Rev. Herbert W. Prince, Leonard M. Pritchard, Richard E. Probst, Marvin G. Proxmire, Dr. Theodore Stanley Prussing, Mrs. R. E. Pucci, Lawrence Puckey, F. W. Purcell, Joseph D. Purcey, Victor W. Putnam, Miss Mabel C. Puttkammer, E. W. Pyterek, Rev. Peter H. Quick, Miss Hattiemae Raber, Franklin Racheff, Ivan Radford, Mrs. W. A., Jr. Radniecki, Rev. Stanley Raff, Mrs. Arthur Raftree, Miss Julia M. Railton, Miss Frances Ramis, Leon Lipman Randall, Rev. Edwin J. Randall, Irving Raney, Mrs. R. J. Rankin, Miss Jessie H. Rassweiler, August Rathje, Frank C. Raymond, Dr. Albert L. Raymond, Mrs. Howard D. Razim, A. J. Reach, Benjamin F. Reals, Miss Lucile Farnsworth, Jr. Redfield, William M. Redington, F. B. Redmond, Forrest H. Reed, Mrs. Frank D. Reed, Mrs. Lila H. Reed, Norris H. Reed, Mrs. Philip L. Regan, Mrs. Robert G. Rengenstein, Joseph Regnery, Frederick L. Regnery, William H. Reid, Mrs. Bryan Reilly, Vincent P. Reingold, J. J. Remy, Mrs. William Renaldi, George J. Renshaw, Mrs. Charles ReQua, Mrs. Charles Howard, Jr. ReQua, Haven A. Rew, Mrs. Irwin Reynolds, Mrs. G. William Reynolds, Harold F. Rhodes, Charles M. Rice, Mrs. Charles R. Rice, Laurence A. Rich, Elmer Rich, Harry Richards, Mrs. Bartlett Richards, Donald Richards, Marcus D. Richardson, George A. Richardson, Guy A. Richter, Mrs. Adelyn W. Ridgeway, Ernest Rieser, Leonard M. Rietz, Elmer W. Rietz, Walter H. Ripstra, J. Henri Ritchie, Mrs. John Rittenhouse, Charles J. Roberts, Mrs. John Roberts, John M. Roberts, Shepherd M. Roberts, William Munsell Robertson, Hugh Robinson, Sanger P. Robinson, Theodore W., Jr. Robson, Miss Sarah C. Roderick, Solomon P. Rodgers, Dr. David C. Rodman, Thomas Clifford Rodman, Mrs. Hugh Roehling, Mrs. Otto G. Roehm, George R. Rogers, Miss Annie T. Rogerson, Everett E. Roggenkamp, John Rogovsky, W. P. Rolnick, Dr. Harry C. Romer, Miss Dagmar E. Root, John W. Rosborough, Dr. Paul A. Rosen, M. R. Rosenbaum, Mrs. Edwin S. Rosenbaum, Mrs. Harold A. Rosenfeld, M. J. Rosenfield, Mrs. Morris S. Rosenstone, Nathan Rosenstone, Samuel Rosenthal, Kurt Rosenthal, Samuel R. Rosenwald, Richard M. Ross, Joseph F. Ross, Robert C. Ross, Mrs. Robert E. Ross, Thompson Ross, Walter S. Roth, Aaron Roth, Mrs. Margit Hochsinger Rothacker, Watterson R. Rothschild, George William Routh, George E., Jr. Rozelle, Mrs. Emma Rubens, Mrs. Charles Rubloff, Arthur Rubovits, Theodore Ruettinger, John W. Runnells, Mrs. Clive Rupprecht, Mrs. Edgar P. Rushton, Joseph A. Rutledge, George E. Ryan, Mrs. William A. Ryerson, Mrs. Donald M. Sackley, Mrs. James A. Sage, W. Otis Salmon, Mrs. E. D. Sammons, Wheeler Sample, John Glen Sampsell, Marshall G. Sandidge, Miss Daisy Sands, Mrs. Frances B. Santini, Mrs. Randolph Sargent, Chester F. Sargent, John R. W. Sargent, Ralph Sauter, Fred J. Sawyer, Ainslie Y. Sawyer, Dr. Alvah L. Schacht, John H. Schaefer, Fred A. Schafer, Mrs. Elmer J. Schafer, O. J. Schaffner, Mrs. Joseph Schaffner, Mrs. L. L. Scharin, Mrs. J. Hippach Scheinman, Jesse D. Schenck, Frederick 113 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Schlichting, Justus L. Schmidt, Dr. Charles L. Schmidt, Mrs. Minna M. Schmitz, Dr. Henry Schneider, D. G. Schneider, F. P. Schnering, Otto Y. Schnur, Ruth A. Scholl, Dr. William M. Schreiner, Sigurd Schroeder, Dr. George H. Schueren, Arnold C. Schukraft, William Schulze, Mrs. Mathilde Schupp, Philip C. Schurig, Robert Roy Schutz, Thomas A. Schuyler, Mrs. Daniel J., Jr. Schwab, Laurence E. Schwander, J. J. Schwandt, Miss Erna Schwanke, Arthur Schwartz, Charles K. Schwartz, Charles P. Schwartz, Dr. Otto Schwarz, Herbert E. Schwinn, Frank W. Sclanders, Mrs. Alexander Scott, Miss Maud E. Scott, Robert L. Scribner, Gilbert Scudder, Mrs. Barrett Sears, Miss Dorothy Sears, J. Alden Seaton, G. Leland Seaverns, Louis C. Sedgwick, C. Galen See, Dr. Agnes Chester Seeberger, Miss Dora A. Seeburg, Justus P. Segal, Victor Seifert, Mrs. Walter J. Seip, Emil G. Seipp, Clarence T. Seipp, Edwin A., Jr. Seipp, William C. Sello, George W. Sencenbaugh, Mrs. C. W. Senne, John A. Shaffer, Carroll Shakman, James G. Shanahan, Mrs. David E. Shanesy, Ralph D. Shannon, Angus Roy Shapiro, Meyer Sharpe, N. M. Shaw, Alfred P. Shaw, Mrs. Arch W. Sheldon, James M. Shelton, Dr. W. Eugene Shepherd, Mrs. Edith P. Shepherd, Miss Olive M. Sherman, Mrs. W. W. Shields, James Culver Shillestad, John N. Shillinglaw, David L. Shire, Moses E. Shoan, Nels Shorey, Clyde E. Short, J. R. Shroyer, Malcolm E. Shumway, Mrs. Edward DeWitt Sidley, William P. Siebel, Mrs. Ewald H. Sieck, Herbert Siegel, David T. Siemund, Roy W. Sigman, Leon Silander, A. I. Silberman, Charles Silberman, David B. Silberman, Hubert S. Sills, Clarence W. Silverstein, Ramond Silverthorne, George M. Silvertongue, Mrs. Ray Simond, Robert E. Simonds, Dr. James P. Simpson, John M. Sincere, Henry B. Sinclair, Dr. J. Frank Singer, Mrs. Mortimer H. Sinsheimer, Allen Siragusa, Ross D. Sisskind, Louis Skarrn, Kenneth W. Skleba, Dr. Leonard F. Sleeper, Mrs. Olive C. Smith, Charles Herbert Smith, Clinton F. Smith, Harold Byron Smith, Mrs. Hermon Dunlap Smith, Jens Smith, Mrs. Katharine Walker Smith, Mrs. Kinney Smith, Miss Marion D. Smith, Paul C. Smith, Mrs. Ruth B. Smith, Samuel K. Smith, Mrs. Theodore White Smith, W. Lynwood Smith, Z. Erol Smuk, Dr. J. E. Smullan, Alexander Snyder, Harry Socrates, Nicholas A. Sola, Joseph G. Solem, Dr. George O. Sonnenschein, Hugo Soper, Henry M. Soper, James P., Jr. Sopkin, Mrs. Setia H. Speer, Robert J. Spencer, Mrs. Egbert H. Spencer, John P. Spencer, Mrs. William M. Sperry, Mrs. Leonard M. Spertus, Herman Spiegel, Mrs. Arthur H. Spiegel, Mrs. Gatzert Spitz, Joel Spitz, Leo Spooner, Charles W. Sprague, Dr. John P. Spray, Cranston Squires, John G. Staack, Otto C. Stacey, Mrs. Thomas I. Stanton, Henry T. Starbird, Miss Myrtle I. Starrels, Joel Stearns, Mrs. Richard I. Stebbins, Fred J. Steele, Henry B., Jr. Steele, W. D. Steepleton, A. Forrest Steffey, David R. Stein, Mrs. Henry L. Stein, Dr. Irving Stein, L. Montefiore Stein, Sydney, Jr. Steinberg, Dr. Milton Stenson, Frank R. Stephan, Mrs. John Stephani, Edward J. Stephens, L. L. Sterba, Dr. Joseph V. Stern, Mrs. Alfred Stern, Alfred Whital Stern, David B. Stern, Gardner H. Stern, Oscar D. Stevens, Delmar A. Stevens, Elmer T. Stevens, Harold L. Stevenson, Engval Stewart, Miss Mercedes Graeme Stirling, Miss Dorothy Stockton, Eugene M. Stone, Mrs. Jacob S. Stone, Mrs. Theodore Straus, Henry H. Straus, Martin L. Straus, Melvin L. Strauss, Dr. Alfred A. Strauss, Ivan Strauss, John L. Straw, Mrs. H. Foster Strickfaden, Miss Alma E. 114 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Stromberg, Charles J. Strong, Edmund H. Strong, M. D. Strong, Mrs. Walter A. Strotz, Harold C. Stulik, Dr. Charles Sulzberger, Frank L. Summer, Mrs. Edward Sundin, Ernest G. Sutherland, William Sutton, Harold I. Swanson, Holgar G. Swartchild, Edward G. Swartchild, William G. Swett, Robert Wheeler Swift, Mrs. Alden B. Swift, Edward F., Jr. Swift, Gustavus F., Jr. Sykes, Aubrey L. Sykes, Mrs. Wilfred Tarrant, Mrs. Robert Taylor, E. Hall Taylor, Frank F. Taylor, Herbert J. Taylor, James L. Taylor, L. S. Taylor, William G. Templeton, Stuart J. Templeton, Walter L. Terry, Foss Bell Thai, Dr. Paul E. Thatcher, Everett A. Thelen, Floyd E. Theobald, Dr. John J. Thomas, Mrs. Florence T. Thomas, Dr. William A. Thompson, Arthur H. Thompson, Edward F. Thompson, Ernest H. Thompson, Floyd E. Thompson, Dr. George F. Thompson, John E. Thompson, John R., Jr. Thorne, Hallett W. Thornton, Dr. Francis E. Thornton, Roy V. Thresher, C. J. Thulin, F. A. Tibbetts, Mrs. N. L. Tilden, Louis Edward Tilt, Charles A. Tobey, William Robert Tobias, Clayton H. Todt, Mrs. Edward G. Torbet, A. W. Torosian, Peter G. Torrence, George P. Touchstone, John Henry Towler, Kenneth F. Towne, Mrs. John D. C. Traer, Glenn W. Trask, Arthur C. Traylor, Mrs. Melvin A., Jr. Traylor, Mrs. Melvin A., Sr. Treadwell, H. A. Trees, Merle J. Trenkmann, Richard A. Tripp, Chester D. Trombly, Dr. F. F. Trowbridge, Mrs. A. Buel, Jr. Trude, Mrs. Mark W. True, Charles H. Tumpeer, Joseph J. Turck, J. A. V. Turner, Alfred M. Turner, G. H. Turner, Mrs. Horace E. Tuthill, Gray B. Tuttle, Mrs. Henry N. Ullmann, Herbert S. Upham, Mrs. Frederic W. Uriell, Francis H. Utter, Mrs. Arthur J. Vacin, Emil F. Valentine, Andrew L. Valentine, Mrs. May L. Valentine, Patrick A. VanArtsdale, Mrs. Flora D. VanCleef, Felix VanCleef, Mrs. Noah VanCleef, Paul VanDellen, Dr. Theodore R. VanDeventer, Christopher Vanek, John C. VanSchaack, R. H., Jr. VanWinkle, James Z. VanZwoll, Henry B. Varel, Mrs. C. D. Vawter, William A., II Vehe, Dr. K. L. Verson, David C. Vial, Charles H. Vickery, Miss Mabel S. Vierling, Mrs. Louis Vogl, Otto VonColditz, Dr. G. Thomsen- vonGlahn, Mrs. August Voorhees, Mrs. Condit Voorhees, H. Belin Vose, Mrs. Frederic P. Voynow, Edward E. Wager, William Wagner, Mrs. Frances B. Wagner, Fritz, Jr. Wagner, Louis A. Wahl, Arnold Spencer Wakerlin, Dr. George E. Walgreen, C. R., Jr. Walgreen, Mrs. Charles R. Walker, James Walker, Mrs. Paul Walker, Samuel J. Walker, William E. Waller, Mrs. Edward C. Wallovick, J. H. Walpole, S. J. Walsh, Dr. Eugene L. Wanner, Arthur L. Ward, Edwin J. Ward, Mrs. N. C. Ward well, H. F. Wares, Mrs. Helen Worth Warfield, Edwin A. Warner, Mrs. John Eliot Warren, Allyn D. Warren, Paul G. Warren, Walter G. Warsh, Leo G. Washburne, Hempstead Washington, Laurence W. Wassell, Joseph Watson, William Upton Watts, Harry C. Watzek, J. W., Jr. Weber, Mrs. William S. Webster, Arthur L. Webster, Miss Helen R. Webster, Henry A. Wedelstaedt, H. A. Weil, Mrs. Leon Weil, Martin Weiner, Charles Weiner, George Weinstein, Dr. M. L. Weinzelbaum, Louis L. Weinzimmer, Dr. H. R. Weis, Samuel W. Weisbrod, Benjamin H. Weiss, Mrs. Morton Weiss, Siegfried Weissbrenner, A. W. Weisskopf, Dr. Max A. Welch, M. W. Welles, Mrs. Donald P. Welles, Mrs. Edward Kenneth Wells, Arthur H. Wells, Miss Cecilia Wells, Harry L. Wells, Preston A. Wendell, Barrett Wendell, Miss Josephine A. Wentworth, Edward N. 115 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Wentworth, John Wentworth, Mrs. Sylvia B. Wentz, Peter L. Werner, Frank A. Wertheimer, Joseph West, Thomas H. Westerfeld, Simon Wetten, Albert H. Weymer, Earl M. Wheeler, George A. Wheeler, Leo W. Wheeler, Leslie M. Wheeler, Mrs. Robert C. White, Mrs. James C. White, Joseph J. White, Richard T. White, Sanford B. White, Selden Freeman Whiting, Mrs. Adele H. Whiting, Lawrence H. Widdicombe, Mrs. R. A. Wieland, Charles J. Wieland, Mrs. George C. Wienhoeber, George V. Wilcox, Robyn Wilder, Harold, Jr. Wilder, Mrs. John E. Wilder, Mrs. Paul Wilker, Mrs. Milton W. Wilkey, Fred S. Wilkinson, Mrs. George L. Wilkinson, John C. Willems, Dr. J. Daniel Willens, Joseph R. Willey, Mrs. Charles B. Williams, J. M. Williams, Kenneth Williams, Rowland L. Williamson, George H. Willis, Paul, Jr. Willis, Thomas H. Willner, Benton Jack, Jr. Wilms, Hermann P. Wilson, Edward Foss Wilson, H. B., Sr. Wilson, Mrs. John R. Wilson, Miss Lillian M. Wilson, Morris Karl Wilson, Mrs. Robert E. Wilson, William Winans, Frank F. Windsor, H. H., Jr. Winston, Hampden Winston, James H. Winston, Mrs. James H. Winter, Irving Wolf, Mrs. Albert H. Wolf, Walter B. Wolfe, Lloyd R. Wood, Mrs. Gertrude D. Wood, Mrs. Hettie R. Wood, Kay, Jr. Wood, Mrs. R. Arthur Wood, Robert E. Wood, William G. Woodmansee, Fay Woods, Weightstill Worcester, Mrs. Charles H. Work, Robert Works, George A. Wright, H. C. Wrigley, Mrs. Charles W. Wulf, Miss Marilyn Jean Wupper, Benjamin F. Yager, Mrs. Vincent Yerkes, Richard W. Yondorf, John David Yondorf, Milton S., Jr. Yorkey, Mrs. Margaret Young, B. Botsford Young, E. Frank Young, George W. Zabel, Max W. Zabel, Mrs. Max W. Zapel, Elmer J. Zerler, Charles F. Ziebarth, Charles A. Zimmerman, Herbert P. Zimmerman, Louis W. Zinke, Otto A. Zork, David Zurcher, Mrs. Suzette M. Armour, Laurance H. Bantsolas, John N. Barnard, Harrison B. Becker, Louis Blessing, Dr. Robert Boal, Ayres Boyack, Harry Brown, Scott Brucker, Dr. Edward A. Burgstreser, Newton Cameron, Dr. Dan U. Campbell, Dr. Delwin M. Carry, Joseph C. Childs, Mrs. C. Frederick Cleveland, Paul W. Dee, Thomas J. DeGolyer, Robert S. Edwards, Kenneth P. Fergus, Robert C. Gardner, Addison L. Giles, Carl C. Deceased, 1952 Godehn, Paul M. Hardin, John H. Heck, John Hedberg, Henry E. Herri ck, Charles E. Hill, William E. Hottinger, Adolph Jacobs, Whipple Jenkins, David F. D. Kaplan, Nathan D. Kesner, Jacob L. Kochs, Mrs. Robert T. Kraft, C. H. Langworthy, Benjamin Franklin Lasker, Albert D. Martin, W. B. McGuinn, Edward B. Mitchell, George F. Mix, Dr. B. J. Mulholand, William H. Nadler, Dr. Walter H. Nichols, S. F. Parker, Dr. Gaston C. Patterson, Mrs. Wallace Perkins, A. T. Peterson, Arthur J. Pflaum, A. J. Pierson, Mrs. James Rhodes Regensteiner, Theodore Roller, Fred S. Russell, Dr. Joseph W. Schroeder, Dr. Mary G. Street, Mrs. Charles A. Swanson, Joseph E. Swenson, S. P. 0. Tilden, Averill Wallace, Walter F. Weiler, Rudolph Weisskopf, Maurice J. Wilkins, George Lester 116 NON-RESIDENT ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Those, residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, who have contributed $50 to the Museum Baum, Mrs. James Brigham, Miss Lucy M. Carlson, Elmer G. Lindboe, S. R. Meevers, Harvey Mitchell, W. A. Niederhauser, Homer Phillips, Montagu Austin Porter, Dr. Eliot F. Stevens, Edmund W. Trott, James Edwards SUSTAINING MEMBERS Those who contribute $25 annually to the Museum Bingham, Carl G. Caples, William G. Crooks, Harry D. Dumelle, Frank C. Holmblad, Dr. Edward C. Huggins, G. A. Hunt, George L. Kraus, William C. Laing, William Lamons, Dr. Donald C. Levi, Julian H. Mabson, Miss Eugenie A. Moore, Chester G. Pope, John W. Prall, Bert R. Ross, Earl Scott, Willis H. Simpson, Lyman M. Smith, J. P. Uihlein, Edgar J., Jr. Vanlandingham, Charles C. Wilson, D. H. ANNUAL MEMBERS Those who contribute $10 annually to the Museum Abbell, Joseph J. Abbell, Maxwell Abbott, Mrs. Howard C. Abeles, Alfred T. Ackermann, George E. Acosta, J. D. Adams, Mrs. Carleton B. Adams, Cyrus H. Adams, Cyrus H., Ill Adams, Edward R. Adams, F. W. Adams, Harvey M. Adams, Hugh R., Jr. Adler, David Adler, William H. Adsit, Harold C. Aguinaldo, Miss Carmen R. Albade, Wells T. Albiez, George Alder, Thomas W. Alderdyce, D. D. Allais, Mrs. Arthur L. Allaway, William H. Allen, Albert H. Allen, Amos G. Allen, Charles W. Allen, Frank W. Allen, Joseph M. Allyn, Arthur C. Alschuler, Alfred S., Jr. Alton, Robert Leslie Amberg, Harold V. Amberg, Miss Mary Agnes Ameismaier, Julius American, John G. Amtman, Dr. Leo Anderson, George C. Anderson, Hugo A. Anderson, Kenneth H. Andresen, Raymond H. Andrew, Lucius A., Jr. Annan, Dr. Cornelius M. Anning, H. E. Anthony, Miss Helen Appel, Dr. David M. Appell, Mrs. Harold Arado, A. D. Archer, Ralph C. Armstrong, William A. Arnkoff, Dr. Morris Arnold, Mrs. Hugo F. Arnold, Robert M. Arntzen, John C. Arthur, Robert S. Arthur, Mrs. W. R. Arvey, Mrs. Jacob M. Ashcraft, Edwin M., Ill Asher, Frederick Atwood, Carl E. Auer, George A. Austerlade, William R. Austin, Edwin C. Austin, Mrs. Henry Warren Austin, Dr. Margaret Howard Austrian, Mrs. H. S. Avery, Guy T. Avery, Robert N. Babbitt, B. J. Babbitt, Mrs. Ross M. Bachman, E. E. Backman, C. E. Bacon, R. H. Badgerow, Harve Gordon Baer, Arthur A. Bailey, Mrs. Warren G. 117 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Baker, Mrs. Marion Herbert Baldwin, Mrs. Amy G. Baldwin, John R. Walsh Balfanz, Henry W. Ballard, Mrs. E. S. Ballis, S. R. Balsam, Herman Bankard, E. Hoover, Jr. Banker, O. H. Barancik, Maurice A. Barancik, Richard M. Barber, H. B. Barber, Sidney L. Bard, Albert T. Bard, Ralph Austin, Jr. Bard, Roy E. Barke, Oscar A. Barker, C. R. Barker, E. C. Barker, James M. Barkhausen, Mrs. Henry G. Barnes, Mrs. Harold Osborne Barnes, William H. Barnow, David H. Baroody, E. T. Barr, Charles L. Barrett, Miss Adela Barrett, Lawrence H. Barriger, John W., Ill Barry, Gerald A. Bartholomay, Henry C. Bartholomay , William, Jr. Bartlett, George S. Bartoli, Peter Bass, Charles Bast, O. D. Bates, Dr. A. Allan Baukus, J. Algert Bauman, P. J. Bauman, Walter J. Baxter, Mark L. Bay, Dr. Emmet B. Beach, George R., Jr. Beall, R. M. Bean, Ferrel M. Beatty, Gilbert A. Beatty, Ross J., Jr. Beaumont, D. R. Beck, Miss Elsa C. Becker, David Becker, Mrs. George A. Becker, Max Beelman, Hugh C. Beers-Jones, L. Behr, John L. Beilin, Dr. David S. Beirne, T. J. Beiser, Carl H. 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Briggs, J. H. Bright, Mrs. Orville T. Brock, Edson M. Brodie, Dr. Allan G. Bronner, Maurice H. Bronson, Beckwith R. Bronson, E. A. Bronson, Walter D. Brooks, C. Wayland Brown, A. M. Brown, A. P. Brown, Adelbert 118 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Brown, Alexander Brown, Baird Brown, Cameron Brown, Garfield W. Brown, Mrs. George W. Brown, H. Templeton Brown, Mrs. Isidore Brown, Paul W. Brown, Richard William Bruce, A. D. Brucker, Dr. Matthew W. Brunker, Albert R. Bruns, Herman H. Bryan, Charles W., Jr. Brye, Edvin Bucklen, Harley R. Bucuss, John G. Buik, George C. Bulfer, Dr. Andrew F. Bulger, Thomas S. Bulley, Allen E. Bumzahem, Carlos B. Bunn, B. H. Burch, A. T. Burckert, F. D. Burdick, Charles B. Burgee, Joseph Z. Burke, James E. Burkill, Edward W. Burn, Felix P. Burnap, Carl Burnell, Homer A. Burnet, Mrs. W. A. Burns, J. Forbes Burns, Patrick C. Burns, Peter T. Burrell, Mrs. Stanley M. Burrows, Arthur A. Burtis, Clyde L. Burtis, Guy S. Burtness, Harold William Busch, Francis X. Bush, Dr. Thadd F. Butler, Burtram B. Butler, Chester L. Butler, Horace G. Butler, John C. Byrnes, William Jerome Cabeen, Richard McP. Cadwell, Charles S. Caesar, 0. E. Caiazza, Theodore M. Cainkar, Louis F. Caldwell, Jonathan Q. Callan, T. J. Cameron, John W. Cameron, William T. Camp, J. Beidler Camp, Mrs. Ruth Orton Campbell, Chesser M. Campbell, Donald F., Jr. Campbell, G. Murray Campbell, Keith S. Campbell, Keith T. Capek, Charles A. Carl, Otto Frederick Carlton, Mrs. Frank A. Carp, Joseph T. Carpenter, Lyman E. Carqueville, Charles Carr, George Wallace Carroll, James J. Carroll, Martin F. Carstens, Edward E. Casella, Mrs. Caroline Caselli, Terry Caspers, Paul Cassady, Thomas G. Cassetty, Rev. W. M., Jr. Cathcart, Mrs. James A. Cermak, Mrs. Gertrude Chace, Thomas B. Chadwick, T. R. Chambers, Overton S. Chandler, Dr. Fremont A. Chapman, James Chapman, Ralph Chapman, Richard R. Chenoweth, Mrs. Edwin G. Chesler, Morton C. Chester, W. T. Childs, Leonard C. Childs, William C. Chinn, M. E. Chirich, Zarko Chor, Dr. Herman Chrisos, Dr. Sam S. Chrissinger, Horace B. Christ-Janer, Albert Christmann, Valentine H. Christopher, Dr. G. L. Church, Freeman S. Church, William S. Chutkow, R. I. Citterman, Solomon Clancy, John D., Jr. Clark, Glenn A. Clark, Dr. James Wilson Clark, John H. Clark, Mrs. Kenneth L. Clark, Mrs. Ralph E. Clark, Robert H. Clarke, H. R. Clarke, Mrs. Philip R. Clements, G. L. Clements, Howard P., Jr. Clifford, J. S. Clifton, 0. W. Cline, Lyle B. Clizbe, Mrs. F. O. Clonick, Herbert J. Close, Gordon R. Close, James W. Cloud, Hugh S. Clovis, Paul C. Clow, J. Beach Clyne, R. W. Coates, E. Hector Cobbey, J. A. Coburn, Abbott Coen, Thomas M. Coggeshall, Dr. Chester Cogswell, G. E. Cohen, Archie H. Cohen, Harry Cohen, Louis L. Cole, Miss Marion W. Cole, Dr. Warren H. Cole, Willard W. Collier, Mrs. Corina Melder Collins, Arthur W. Collins, Mrs. Frank P. Collins, William M., Jr. Colmes, Walter Colvin, Miss Bonnie Colwell, Mrs. Donald L. Combs, Earle M., Jr. Condon, E. J. Congdon, Dr. Charles B. Conn, Warner S. Connery, John M. Connors, William J. Consoer, Arthur W. Cook, Junius F., Jr. Cook, Leslie H. Cook, Wallace L. Cooke, Edwin Goff Cooke, Thomas Edward Coon, Edmund B. Cooper, Lee Cooper, S. Robert Corcoran, Thomas J. Cordray, Mrs David P. Corliss, Allen G. Cornelius, Mrs. R. W. Cotter, James W. Cotterman, I. D. Coulon, Dr. Albert E. Coutandin, Hugo Coutney, Worth C. Covington, John R. Cowles, Alfred Cox, Arthur M. Cox, Henry L. Coy, C. Lynn Crabtree, Samuel A. Cragg, Mrs. George L. Cram, Mrs. Norman Crawford, Henriques Craycraft, Mrs. Douglas Cremer, Carl Cretors, C. J. Crew, Ben L. 119 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Cronin, James J. Cronin, Kevin W. Cross, Robert C. Cross, Dr. Roland R., Jr. Crowe, Philip K. Crowson, George M. Cruttenden, Walter W. Culbertson, James G. Cullinan, George J. Culmer, Dr. Charles U. Culver, Bernard W. Culver, Sydney K. Cummings, Dexter Cummings, Nathan Cummins, Dr. George M., Jr. Cump, Percy W., Jr. Cuneo, Francis J. Cuneo, John A. Cunningham, J. Lester Cunningham, Robert M. Cunningham, Seymour S. Curtis, John G. Curtis, Paul Cushman, Dr. Beulah Cushman, Robert S. Czachorski, John F. Dallwig, P. G. Daly, James J. Dapples, George H. Darby, John H. Darby, Raymond J. Darling, Dr. Duane D. Daspit, Walter David, J. Philip David, Sigmund W. Davidson, Louis G. Davis, Benjamin B. Davis, Mrs. Charles P. Davis, Charles S. Davis, Mrs. DeWitt, III Davis, George T. Davis, Hugh Davis, Johnson S. Davis, Paul H. Davis, Ralph W. Day, Howard Q. Day, Mrs. Lewis J. DeCosta, H. J. Dee, P. J. Defrees, Donald Deknatel , Frederi ck H . , 1 1 DeLong, J. I. DeMotte, R. J. DeParcq, William H. DePencier, Mrs. Joseph R. Deree, William S. D'Esposito, Joshua Dess, William Detchon, Elliott R., Jr. Devery, John J. Devine, Matthew L. DeWitt, E. J. Dick, Mrs. Edison Dick, Mrs. Robert F. Dicken, Mrs. Clinton 0. Dickens, Robert Sidney Dickerson, Earl B. Diggs, Dr. N. Alfred Dilibert, S. B. Diller, Neal V. Diller, Robert Dillon, W. M. Dinkelman, Harry Dixon, Mrs. Wesley M. Dixson, Mrs. V. B. Dobkin, I. Doctoroff, John Dodd, Walter F. Doern, Philip Dolan, Tom Dolke, W. Fred Donahue, Elmer W. Doody, Miss Kitty Doolittle, John R. Dorpols, Frank L. Dorsey, John K. Dose, Raymond W. Dougherty, Mrs. Jean E. Douglass, Dr. Thomas C. Dovenmuehle, George H. Dowd, Mrs. Frank J. Downs, Charles S. Downs, James C, Jr. Drago, Miss Rose Ann Drake, Charles R. Drake, G. T. Drake, Robert T. Dreyfus, Maurice M. Driscoll, Robert Droege, Richard L. Drummond, John M. Dry, Meyer Dubin, Joseph Duffy, John I. Duggan, Charles F. Dunbeck, Mrs. Norman J. Dunigan, Edward B. Dunkleman, Gabriel Dunlap, George G. Dunphy, Charles S. Dunwody, A. B. Durham, R. Gregory Duval, Nathaniel E. Dvonch, Dr. William J. Eade, Kenneth C. Earle, Howard Granger Earlandson, Ralph 0. Early, Preston H. Echt, George Eck, Donald R. Eddy, Alfred K. Eddy, Philip E. Edelson, Dave Edelstone, Benjamin J. Edgerly, Daniel W. Edmonds, C. W. Edmonds, Robert K. Egan, A. J. Eger, Edmond I. Ehler, Herbert Ehnborn, Gustave B. Ehrlich, Arthur A. Eiger, Richard Norris Eisenberg, David B. Eismann, William Elden, A. D. Eldred, G. Lane Eldred, Mrs. Harriot W. Elkan, Leo H. Ellington, J. E. Ellis, Cecil Homer Ellis, Franklin Courtney Ellis, Mrs. G. Corson Ellis, Hubert C. Elvgren, Gillette A. Emanuelson, Conrad R. Emch, Arnold F. Emery, DeWitt Emery, Mrs. Fred A. Endicott, DeWitt Engebretson, Einar N. Entsminger, Samuel E. Enzweiler, W. P. Epstein, Mrs. Arnold Erickson, L. Hyland Eshbaugh, C. Harold Esserman, Irving Essley, E. Porter Evans, Keith J. Everett, William S. Evers, John W., Jr. Fager, Raymond Alton Fahlstrom, Dr. Stanley Fairman, Miss Marian Faissler, John J. Falk, Dr. Alfred B. Fallis, Mrs. J. M. Falls, Dr. F. H. Fantus, Ernest L. Farley, Mrs. Ruth M. McReynolds Farlow, Arthur C. Farls, Miss Genevieve M. Farmer, Dr. Chester J. Farnsworth, Mrs. George J. Farr, A. V. Farrell, Mrs. Ernest H. 120 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Farwell, Albert D. Faulhaber, John M. Fausey, Newton L. Feinberg, Louis Feinstein, Edward Howard Fell, Dr. Egbert H. Fellers, Francis S. Fellowes, H. Folger Fenemore, Miss Elisabeth Fenn, John F. Fenn, Robert S. Fensholt, A. H. Fentress, Calvin, Jr. Fentress, James, Jr. Fenyes, Dr. George Ferguson, J. F. Ferrall, James P. Ferrara, Salvatore Ferry, Mrs. Frank Ferry, John A. Field, Mrs. James A. Field, John S. Field, Mrs. William A. Fields, Sidney M. Fiffer, Robert S. Fifielski, Edwin P. Finch, Herman M. Fink, Mrs. Frank Finlay, Henry A., Jr. Finn, B. L. Finston, Albert Leo Fischer, Mrs. Louis E. Fish, Mrs. Sigmund C. Fisher, C. P. Fisher, G. N. Fisher, Maurice Fisher, Nathan Fishman, Samuel Fiske, Kenneth M. Fitzgerald, Dr. J. E. Fitzgerald, R. W. Fitzmorris, Mrs. Charles C, Sr. Fitzmorris, James Fitzpatrick, W. J. Fletcher, Joseph Flick, Frank Floreen, Adolph R. Florian, Anton G. Florsheim, Leonard S. Foley, Dr. Edmund F. Follansbee, Rogers Ford, Dr. Charles A. Foster, Mrs. Kellam Foster, Robert S. Fouche, Mrs. G. R. Foulks, William Fowler, Clifford C. Fowler, Mrs. Earle B. Fowler, Rev. George A. Fox, Clarence E. Fraerman, Henry S. Frank, Augustus J. Frank, Mrs. Davis S. Frank, Marvin Frank, Raymond W. Frankenbush, O. E. Franz, Herbert G. Frasier, Richard C. Freeman, David A. Freeto, Clarence E. Fremont, Miss Ruby Freund, Mrs. I. H. Friedberg, Dr. Stanton A. Friedeman, Richard F. Friedeman, William S. Frieder, Edward Friedlander, William Friedlob, Fred M. Fries, Mrs. Evelyn Frisk, Frank O. Froning, Miss Margaret E. Frosh, Louis E. Frothingham, Mrs. Naneen R. Fruchtman, Edward J. Frye, W. P. Frystak, A. J. Fugard, John R. Fuhry, Joseph G. Fuller, Mrs. Eugene White Furey, Dr. Warren W. Furth, Lee J. Gabel, Walter H. Gage, Edward S. Gage, John N. Gaiennie, L. Rene Galanti, Mrs. Charles P. Gale, Abram Gale, M. J. Gallauer, William Gallery, Mrs. Daniel J. GaMache, Louis L. Garland, J. S. Garlington, William M. Gary, Charles V. Gary, Theodore S. Gatzert, Mrs. August Gaudio, Charles C. Gaylord, Mrs. Sol H. Gebhardt, Alfred E. Gebhardt, Mrs. Ernest A. Gebhardt, Mrs. Evelyn M. Gekas, John C. Gelder, Miss Madeline Gellman, Allen B. Gelperin, Dr. Jules Genther, Charles B. Georgeson, J. T. Geraghty, James K. Geraghty, Mrs. Thomas F. Gerlach, Norman H. Gerrard, J. M. Gettleman, Samuel R. Getz, Oscar Gianaras, Alec K. Gibbs, A. E. Gibbs, George M. Gibson, Paul Gibson, Truman K., Jr. Gidwitz, Gerald Giles, Dr. Chauncey D. Giles, John O. Gill, Joseph L. Gillett, W. N. Gillies, Fred M. Gilroy, John F. Gitelson, Dr. Maxwell Gits, Mrs. Remi J., Sr. Glade, George H., Jr. Glader, Frank J. Glassford, Gordon L. Glattfeld, Prof. John W. E. Glen, Harold V. Glick, Louis G. Glover, Chester L. Goble, G. B. Goder, Joseph Goessele, John H. Goettsch, Walter J. Goetz, Carl L. Goldberg, Bertrand Golden, John H. Golden, Mrs. Samuel M. Goldschmidt, M. Goldstein, Dr. Abraham Goldstein, Mrs. Benjamin F. Golman, Joseph J. Gomberg, Dr. Harry Gonnerman, Mrs. Allan W. Good, Charles E. Goodall, John C. Goodbar, Harry L. Goodenough, S. W. Goodhart, Mrs. H. J. Gooding, Robert E. Goodrich, Miss Josephine Goodrich, Miss Juliet T. Goodson, Orr Gordon, Edward Gordon, Leonard Gordon, Dr. Marion Lee Gordon, Milton Gordon, Norman Gourfain, A. S., Jr. 121 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Grace, Mrs. Harriet W. Graff, Earl H. Graff, Edward Graffis, Herbert Grasty, J. S., Jr. Grauer, Milton H. Graw, Harry J. Gray, A. S. Gray, Mrs. Earl E. Gray, Hitous Green, Mrs. Dwight H. Greene, Dr. Charles F. Greenhouse, Jacob Greenlee, William B. Gregg, John P. Greig, Dr. H. Wallace Griffin, Franklin T. Griglik, Casimir Grigsby, William A. Grill, Dr. Frank T. Grimes, J. Frank Grimm, Richard H. Grinnell, Robert L. Groble, Edward B. Grochowski, Mrs. G. S. Groenwald, F. A. Grohe, Robert F. Grombach, Alfred O. Grosberg, Charles Grosboll, James Gruendel, Mrs. George H. Grunlee, Sigwald C. Guettler, B. A. Gumbinger, Miss Dora Gurley, F. G. Gustus, Dr. Edwin L. Gutgsell, Mrs. Emil J. Guthenz, S. M. Guthrie, Mrs. Eleanor Y. Guthrie, S. Ashley Gutstadt, Richard E. Hackett, Thad Haedike, Edward J. Haeger, E. H. Hagenah, William J., Jr. Hagerty, Walter H. Hagey, Harry H., Jr. Hagey, J. F. Hagstrom, Joseph G. Haigh, D. S. Hajen, Herman F. Hall, Arthur B. Hall, Miss Eliza P. Hall, Mrs. Evelyn F. Hall, Harry Hall, Louis W. Halperin, Robert S. Ham, Mrs. Harold Hamill, Dr. Ralph C. Hamill, Mrs. Robert W. Hamilton, Miss Alice Hamilton, Mrs. Gurdon H. Hamm, George A. Hammel, W. F., Jr. Hammond, Dr. Rex D. Hammond, William M. Hampson, Philip Handtmann, G. E. Hannaford, Miss Mildred L. Hanson, Miss Marion Hardin, George D. Harding, Carroll Rede Harding, William H. Hardwicke, Harry Hardy, Julian H. Hardy, Mrs. L. Martin Hargrave, Homer P. Hargreaves, Thomas H. Harig, Herbert Harman, Dr. Hubert F. Harrington, George Bates Harris, Miss Audrey C. Harris, Benjamin R. Harris, Mrs. Mortimer B. Harris, R. Neison Harrison, Dr. R. Wendell Harshaw, Myron T. Hart, E. Edgerton Hart, Mrs. H. G. Hart, J. Leslie Hart, James A. Hart, Dr. John T. Hart, L. Edward, Jr. Hart, Louis E. Hartman, Mrs. Irvin H. Hartman, Milton C. Harvey, Byron S. Harvey, James D. Hasbrook, Howard F. Haskins, Robert E. Hasselbacher, H. H. Hassell, Warren S. Hatfield, W. A. Hathaway, Mrs. Carter H. Hattis, Robert E. Hattstaedt, Mrs. John J. Haubrich, Harold F. Hauger, R. H. Hauser, William G. Havelaar, W. C. Hawkes, Joseph B. Hawthorne, Vaughn R. Hayes, Daniel T. Hayes, Mrs. Paul W. Hayes, William E. Haynes, Charles Webster Haynes, Frank M. Haynes, L. S. Haynie, R. G. Hazel, Dr. George R. Hazen, Theodore D. Head, James D. Heald, Mrs. Henry T. Healy, Mrs. Fred A. Healy, Thomas H. Hechler, Valentine Hecht, Kenneth G. Hecht, Myron A. Heckel, Edmund P. Heddens, John W. Hedges, Dr. Robert N. Hedly, Arthur H. Hedrich, Mrs. Otto H. Heerey, Bernard H. Heffner, Dr. Donald J. Heifetz, Samuel Heinze, Mrs. Bessie Neuberg Helgason, Ami Hemmen, Melvern M. Henderson, B. E. Henke, Frank X., Jr. Henkle, David E. Henner, H. I. Henner, Dr. Robert Henriksen, H. M. Henry, Joseph E. Herbert, W. T. Herdina, Jerry Herring, H. B. Hertz, J. H. Hesse, Dr. Paul G. Hesseltine, Dr. H. Close Hetreed, Dr. Francis W. Hibben, Joseph W. Highstone, Mrs. William H. Hill, Carlton Hill, Mrs. Cyrus G. Hilton, Edward L. Hilton, Henry Mark Hines, Charles M. Hinman, Sherwood V. Hirsch, Edwin W. Hirtenstein, Robert E. Hitchings, LeRoy K. Hix, Miss Elsie Hixson, Hebron Hoban, Dr. Eugene T. Hobbs, Mrs. J. P. Hobbs, Russell D. Hochfeldt, William F. Hoffman, Joseph Hoffmann, Clarence Hoffmann, Miss Ruth L. Hogenson, William Hogsten, Mrs. Yngve Hohbaum, Mrs. Rosa M. Hohenadel, F. A. Hohman, Dr. Ned U. Hokenson, Gustave 122 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Hokin, Barney E. Holabird, William Holcomb, Mrs. R. R. Holinger, Dr. Paul H. Holland, Jesse J. Hollar, Philip A. Hollender, Dr. S. S. Holloway, J. L. Holmberg, Adrian O. Holmberg, Clarence L. Holt, E. M. Homan, Joseph Homan, Max Hooper, A. F. Hooper, Dr. J. Gerald Hope, E. N. Hopkins, Dr. M. B. Hoppe, Carl E. Horowitz, Charles I. Horton, Mrs. Arthur Horwich, Philip Horwitz, Irving A. Horwitz, Samuel C. Houda, Dr. Leo Hough, Charles F. Hough, William J. Houha, Vitus J. Houlihan, Raymond F. Houston, J. C, Jr. Howard, Hubert E. Howe, Jonathan T. Hoyt, N. Landon, Jr. Hubachek, Frank Brookes Huber, Andrew V. Huddleston, J. W. Hudson, William J. Huettmann, Fred Huggett, Martin C. Huggett, W. W. Hughes, Dr. Charles E. Hughes, Frank W. Hughes, Russell P. Huguenor, Lloyd B. Hull, Lathrop W. Hulson, J. W. Humphreys, Mrs. Robert E. Hungerford, Becher W. Hunker, Robert W. Hunnemann, Miss Alma M. Hunt, Mrs. William O. Hurlbut, Miss Elizabeth J. Hurley, G. B. Hurley, Raymond J. Hurley, Stephen E. Hurst, C. N. Hutson, Mrs. John F. Huxley, Henry M. Hynes, D. P. Hypes, S. L. Iker, Charles Indelli, William A. Ingalls, Mrs. Frederick A. Ingersoll, Robert S. Ingersoll, Mrs. S. L. Into, Mrs. A. Norman Jack, W. J. Jackett, C. A. Jackson, Byrne A. Jackson, M. G. Jackson, W. H. Jacobs, Nate Jacobson, Egbert Jaech, Miss Lillian K. Jager, Dr. Elizabeth Jalkut, Lee D. James, Allen M. James, Ralph C. Jameson, A. R. Jenner, Mrs. H. B. Jennings, Ralph C. Jensen, George P. Job, Dr. Thesle T. Johanigman, S. E. Johnson, A. William Johnson, Miss Agnes E. Johnson, Bert Johnson, Edmund G. Johnson, Harry G. Johnson, Julius Johnson, Miss Millie C. Johnson, Nye Johnson, P. Sveinbjorn Johnson, R. C. Johnson, R. W. Johnston, A. J. Johnston, Hulburd Jolls, Thomas H. Jones, Owen Barton Jones, Robert Jones, Thomas C. Jones, Mrs. Walter Clyde Joseph, Dr. Paul Joyce, Marvin B. Judd, Mrs. Willis W. Juley, John Julian, Dr. Ormand C. Jung, C. C. Jurgensen, R. J. Kahler, William V. Kahn, Henry S. Kahoun, John A. Kamm, Dr. Bernard A. Kane, Daniel Francis Kane, Mrs. Marion O. Kanter, Dr. Aaron E. Kaplan, Harvey Kaplan, Samuel Kargman, Wallace I. Karnes, William G. Karpen, Leo Kasbohm, Leonard H. Kaufman, Mrs. Frances J. Kavanaugh, Miss Julia Kay, Joseph C. Kaye, Harry Keach, Benjamin Kearns, Mrs. Jerry J. Keck, Mathew Keehn, L. D. Keeler, Mrs. Edwin-R. Keeley, Robert E. Keene, William J. Keeney, Frank P. Keeton, Dr. Robert W. Keim, Melville Keith, Elbridge Keller, Edwin P. Keller, Harry F. Keller, I. C. Keller, M. J. Keller, Sidney M. Kelley, Alfred J. Kellogg, Harry E. Kellogg, James G. Kellogg, John Payne Kelly, Charles Scott Kelly, T. L. Kelly, Mrs. T. L. Kemper, James S., Jr. Kendall, G. R. Kennedy, J. G. Kennedy, R. J. Kerr, Leslie H. Kidston, Ross H. Kidwell, James E. Kilberry, F. H. Kilbourn, Miss Ruth Kiley, Francis T. Kiley, Dr. Matthew J. Kimball, Paul G. Kimball, Mrs. Ralph R. Kimes, Gerald C. King, H. R. King, J. Andrews King, Willard L. Kingham, J. J. Kirby, Dr. William Kittle, Mrs. C. M. Klagstad, Harold L. Klapman, Philip A. Klefstad, Sievert Klein, Mrs. A. S. Klein, Dr. David Klein, Dr. Ernest L. Klemperer, Leo A. Kling, Leopold 123 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Klutznick, Mrs. Philip M. Knell, Boyd Knight, Dr. Alva A. Knight, Howard Knotts, Glenn Knourek, William M. Knowlson, J. S. Knowlton, John M. Knox, Merrill B. Knudtzon, E. J. Knutson, A. C. Koch, Carl Koehn, Carl W. Koenig, O. N. Koff, Dr. Robert H. Kohn, Henry L. Kolbe, Frank F. Kolehmainen, Waino M. Kolesiak, Walter R. Kolflat, Alf Kolkmeyer, Ralph W. Kollar, Dr. John A., Jr. Kopinski, Louis Koretz, Robert J. Korf, Dr. Stanley R. Korshak, Marshall Kos, Victor A. Kosmach, Frank P. Kostrzewski, Dr. M. J. Kotas, Rudolph J. Kowalski, Dr. Leonard F. Krabill, LeRoy Krafft, Walter A. Krag, Franz K. Krane, Leonard J. Krasberg, Rudolph Kratsch, Charles Krause, Elmer Krause, Miss Pearl Krausman, Arthur Krider, E. A. Krinsley, Lazarus Kritchevsky, Jerome Kritzer, Richard W. Kroll, Harry Krotter, Miss Nellie M. Kruggel, Arthur Krumdieck, Leo Kuehn, Miss Katherine Kuhn, Mrs. Joseph Kuhnen, Mrs. George H. Kuhns, Mrs. H. B. Kurzdorfer, E. T. Kuta, A. E. Kutchins, Lawrence Kuyper, George A. Kysor, Mrs. James D. Lacey, Miss Clara R. Lachman, Harold Laidley, Roy R. Laird, Robert S. Lamb, George N. Lambertsen, John G. Lamont, Daniel J. Lance, 0. C. Landis, Sidney Lane, George A. Lang, Eugene C. Langan, Harley B. Lange, A. G. Lange, Hugo C. Langer, Joseph S. Langert, A. M. Langford, Joseph P. Laramore, Florian E. Large, Judson Larkin, R. C. Larkin, Mrs. Walter D. Larsen, Roy R. Larson, Simon P. LaSalle, Miss Janet A. Lasch, Charles F. Lasch, Harry Lash, Dr. A. F. Laud, Sam Laufman, Dr. Harold Lavezzorio, John M. Lavezzorio, N. J. Law, M. A. Layfer, Seymour J. Leahy, George J. Leahy, William H. Leander, Russell J. Lechler, E. Fred Lederer, Irving G. Lederer, Joseph M. Lee, Miss Alice Stephana Lee, John H. Lehr, Arthur Leindecker, Charles L. Leiner, John G. Leith, John A. Leland, Samuel Lello, Herbert F. Leonard, Charles J. Lesch, Mrs Isabel Catharine Lesch, John F. Levi, Stanley B. Levin, Louis Levin, Robert E. Levine, William Levine, William D. Levitan, Moses Levitt, Dr. Judith U. Lewendowski, Sigmund W. Lewis, B. F. Lewis, Edward J. Lewis, Mrs. Lloyd Lewis, Mrs. Walker 0. Lickfield, Rev. F. W. Liebenow, J. Gus Liebrock, Harry F. Lifvendahl, Dr. Richard A. Lindar, Mrs. Albert J. Lindell, Arthur G. Lindeman, John H. Lindsay, Mrs. Martin Line, Dr. Eva J. Lingott, Richard H. Linn, Joseph M. Linthicum, J. Francis Lipman, Abraham Lippincott, R. R. Lippman, Mrs. William Lipsey, Howard Lipshutz, Joseph Litschgi, Dr. J. J. Little, Wilson V. Littman, Benson Lloyd, Miss Georgia Lock, Gilbert L. Lockefer, Frank V. Lockett, Harold Lockwood, Lawrence A. Lockwood, Maurice H. Lockwood, Mrs. Maurice H. Loebe, Edward E. Loewy, Dr. Arthur Logelin, Edward C, Jr. Lohman, Joseph D. Long, R. E. Loomis, D. P. Loomis, Miss Marie Looney, Charles C. Lorance, Mrs. Luther M. Lorber, Herbert J. Lorenzi, Mrs. George Loughead, Miss Ruth Loung, George, Jr. Love, John T. Lovejoy, Mrs. Winfred L. Low, Mrs. Josiah 0. Lowy, Walter H. Lubig, Max Ludolph, Arthur L. Lundy, Dr. Clayton J. Lundy, Francis L. Lutterbeck, Dr. Eugene F. Lydon, Eugene K. Lynch, M. F. Lynch, William J., Jr. Lynn, Bernard W. Lyon, Mrs. Jeneva A. MacDonald, Mrs. Victoria D. MacFarland, Hays Macfarland, Lanning Macholz, Rev. Ignatius 124 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Mack, John J. MacKenzie, William J. Macki, Gunnar C. MacKiewich, Justin MacLean, Mrs. John A., Jr. MacLean, William P. Maddock, Mrs. Walter G. Magee, G. M. Magid, Cecil E. Magill, Miss Hallie Magnuson, Paul B., Jr. Mahler, I. H. Maison, Mrs. L. G. Mall, Arthur W. Mallegg, O.O. Manasse, DeWitt J. Mannette, Mrs. Russell L. Manning, Mrs. Herbert S. Manning, Dr. Paul D. V. Manning, Mrs. Paul D. V. Manno, Vincent P. Mantout, Mrs. Bernard Manz, George R. Mara, Walter T. Maragos, Samuel C. Marchant, Miss Lilian Marek, R. S. Marcus, Abel Mardorf, Miss Mae F. Margeson, Mrs. James P., Jr. Marling, Mrs. Franklin, Jr. Marquardt, Dr. Gilbert H. Mar quart, Arthur A. Marron, Dr. James W. Marsh, E. S. Marshall, Charles A. Marshall, Frank G. Marston, T. E. Martin, Cecil Martin, Donald B. Martin, Mrs. Leroy Martins, P. A. Maseng, Trygve Mast, Leland J. Mastri, Dr. Aquil Masur, Dr. Walter W. Matchett, Hugh M. Mathews, Henry T. Mathews, M. M. Mathewson, Lynn L. Mathieu, Auguste Matson, H. M. Matthews, Francis E. Matthews, J. H. Maxon, R. C. Maxwell, Mrs. Augustus K. May, Sol Mayer, Edwin W. C. Mayfield, W. A. McArthur, Mrs. S. W. McBride, W. Paul McCabe, Mrs. I. E. McCaffrey, J. L. McCallister, Frank McCallister, James Maurice McCann, Charles J. McCarthy, Mrs. Theris V. McClellan, John H. McClurg, Verne O. McCombs, Harry F. McConnell, C. F. McConnell, Thomas C. McCoy, Charles S. McCracken, John W. McCracken, Kenneth McCreery, C. L. McCulloch, Mrs. Hugh McCurdie, N. J. McDermott, H. T. McDermott, William F. McDonald, John M. McDonough, John J. McDougal, C. Bouton McDougal, David B. McDougal, Mrs. Edward D., Jr. McDougal, Robert, Jr. McDougall, Dugald S. McDougall, Mrs. Edward G. McEldowney, C. R. McElroy, John W. McFayden, Temple McGaffigan, Paul K. McGarry, Miss Agnes McGregor, John M. McGuire, Simms D. McGuire, Thomas P. McHenry, Roland McKay, Miss Mabel McKee, Albert E. McKee, William F. McKellar, Archibald D. McKibbin, Mrs. George B. McKinzie, William V. McKittrick, C. E. McKy, Keith B. McLaughlin, Mrs. George D. McLaughlin, L. B. McLean, Dr. Helen Vincent McLennan, William L. McNabb, Mrs. J. H. McNair, F. Chaloner McNamara, B. F. McNamara, Donald McC. McNamara, Robert C. McNerney, Frank J. McSurely, Mrs. William H. Meadors, Roy O. Meers, Henry W. Megan, Graydon Mehan, J. H. Meidell, Harold Meiszner, John C. Melgaard, B. B. Mellinghausen, Parker Mentzer, John P. Mercer, John F. Merkl, Miss Laura M. Merricks, Mrs. James W. Merritt, Thomas W. Mertz, Miss Henriette Metcoff, Eli Meyer, Albert F. Meyer, Mrs. Clara K. Meyer, Stanton M. Meyer, Wallace Michalko, Edward Michels, Mrs. George W. Milbrook, A. T. Milhoan, F. B. Millard, A. E. Millard, Mrs. E. L. Miller, Arden E. Miller, Dr. C. 0. Miller, C. R. Miller, Chester M. Miller, Creighton S. Miller, Earl A. Miller, F. L. Miller, Mrs. Grace Edwards Miller, Mrs. Harvey O. Miller, John W. Miller, L. A. Miller, M. Glen Miller, Oren Elmer Miller, R. W. Miller, Robert H. Miller, W. S. Miller, Willard M. Miller, William H. Milliken, J. H. Mirabella, Mrs. S. F. Mitchell, Harry G. Mitchell, Mrs. James Herbert Mitchell, Mrs. R. B. Mittelmann, Dr. Eugene Mizen, Frederic Kimball 125 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Mizen, Dr. Michael R. Modene, Oscar F. Mohn, Mrs. E. Harold Moll, Edwin Mollendorf, J. D. Molter, Harold Monsen, Myron T. Montenier, Jules Moore, Donald F. Moore, Harold A. Moore, Dr. Josiah J. Moore, Kenneth W. Moore, Lucien W. Moore, Oscar L. Moore, R. E. Moorman, Charles L. Moran, James Moran, John T. Moreland, James C. Morey, Albert A. Morgan, Fred C. Morgan, Samuel Mork, P. R. Morris, Milton H. Morris, Sidney L. Mossman, John E. Mottier, C. H. Moulder, P. V. Moustakis, Linton G. Moyer, Mrs. David G. Moyers, Mrs. George W. Mudd, Mrs. J. A., Jr. Mueller, Mrs. Florian F. Muench, C. G. Muench, Hans Muhs, G. F. Mulcahy, Mrs. Michael F. Muldoon, John A., Jr. Mulhern, Eugene E. Mulligan, Joseph B. Munnecke, Mrs. Wilbur C. Munson, Lyle Muntz, Earl W. Murphy, J. P. Murray, Edwin A. Murray, M. W. Murray, William M. Musick, Philip Lee Nacey, Harry M. Nachman, H. S. Nafziger, R. L. Nahmens, Paul M. Narowetz, Louis L. Nash, R. D. Nath, Bernard Neff, Ward A. Nelson, Arthur W. Nelson, Charles M. Nelson, Earl W. Nelson, Mrs. Edwin W. Nelson, Mrs. Henri E. Ness, J. Stanley Nettnin, LeRoy H. Newcomer, Mrs. Paul Newman, Charles H. Newman, Mrs. Jacob Newman, Ralph G. Newmark, Lawrence S. Newton, Dr. Roy C. Nice, Dr. Leonard B. Nichols, Frank Billings Nicholson, Dr. F. M. Nickell, H. K. Nikopoulos, George A. Nisen, Charles M. Noble, Daniel E. Noble, Guy L. Noble, Robert L. Nolte, Mrs. Charles B. Norby, H. L. Norman, Gustave Norris, Mrs. James North, Mrs. F. S. North, Harold F. Norton, G. A. Nygren, Henry C. Oberf elder, Joseph H. Oberhelman, Dr. Harry A. O'Brien, Donald J. O'Brien, M. J. O'Brien, Vincent O'Brien, Wilbur J. Ochsner, Dr. Edward H. O'Connor, John J. O'Hair, R. C. O'Haire, Harry J. O'Hara, Arthur J. O'Keefe, John F. Olin, Edward L. Oliver, Dr. Marguerite Oliver, Dr. Richard M. Olmsted, C. H. Olsen, Andrew P. Olsen, Dr. Charles W. Olsen, Oscar W. Olsen, Sigurd Olson, Albert M. Olson, Benjamin Franklin Olson, H. Edsall O'Neill, Dr. Eugene J. O'Neill, J. Vincent Oppenheimer, Dr. Leo Orr, Hunter K. Orstrom, Albert Z. Osanai, Mrs. Mary M. Osborne, W. Irving, Jr. Ossendorff, Dr. K. W. Ostrander, E. L. 0' Sullivan, James J. Ottenheimer, Fred L. Otto, Dr. George H. Otto, Walter C. Owen, Mrs. Ralph W. Owens, Harry J. Pace, Anderson Pacer, T. S. Pacholke, Fred Padour, Dr. Frank J. Painter, Miss Marguerite Pallasch, Paul V. Palm, Felix Parker, Austin H. Parker, E. A. Parker, Miss Edith P. Parker, Lee N. Parrott, George H. Paschal, John William Patterson, W. A. Patterson, William F. Patti, Dr. Angelo R. Patton, A. E. Patton, Ralph E. Paul, Albert W. Paul, Benjamin R. Pauley, Clarence 0. Paulus, Mrs. Max G. Payson, Randolph Peabody, Mrs. Stuyvesant Peacher, Mrs. D. J. Pearce, Charles S. Pearson, Edwin E. Pearson, Miss Kathleen Peck, Miss Constance L. Peck, Nelson C. Pederson, Alfred S. Peirce, Mrs. Clarence A. Pelz, William W. Penner, Louis L. Penner, Samuel Pepich, Stephen T. Peponis, Arthur H. Perlman, Dr. Henry B. Perlman, I. B. Perlstein, Mrs. Harris Perreault, Earl E. Perry, Mrs. Joseph Sam Person, Dr. Allgot G. Peskin, Bernard M. Peterkin, Daniel, Jr. Peters, Dr. Fredus N. Petersen, Lawrence A. Peterson, H. R. Peterson, V. W. Petro, Miss Olive Pettibone, Holman D. Pettingell, C. D. Pettinger, Andrew Pfaelzer, Mrs. Monroe Pflager, Charles W. Phelps, Erastus R. 126 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Phelps, William Henry Phoenix, George E. Picher, William S. Pier, H. M. Piers, Dr. Gerhart Pike, Wayne S. Pillsbury, Mrs. Charles S. Pirofalo, James C. Pitt, A. A. Pletz, S. R. Plummer, Daniel C., Jr. Plunkett, Paul M. Poe, Miss Frances Pollard, Willard L. Pollock, Mrs. Lewis J. Pond, Mrs. Harold M. Pontius, Mrs. G. V. Poole, Arthur B., Jr. Poore, Robert W. Pope, George J. Pope, Mrs. Henry, Jr. Pope, Sidney T. Portis, Henry R. Post, Myron H. Potter, Howard I. Potter, Robert E. Potter, Dr. Robert Morse Pound, G. C. Power, John W. Powers, William F. Praeger, Charles H. Pratt, Rev. Cuthbert Pratt, Jacob C, Jr. Preble, Robert C. Preikschat, Raymond W. Press, Robert M. Presson, Gerald Preston, Charles D. Preston, Dr. Frederick W. Price, Allen H. Price, Frederick J. Price, Griswold A. Price, Owen N. Prince, William Wood Prindiville, James A. Pringle, Don Pritchard, N. H. Pritzker, Mrs. Jack Proby, Dr. Edmund A. Pruitt, Raymond S. Puestow, Dr. Charles B. Purdy, Donald Purdy, J. D. Purdy, John P. Purinton, Dr. Robert F. Puzey, Russell V. Querl, E. P. Quetsch, L. J. Quisenberry, T. E. Radack, Mrs. Dorothy W. Rademacher, Miss Marge Rampona, Dr. Louis Rappold, Samuel R. Rasmussen, Frank Rasmussen, L. M. Rathburn, M. Hudson Ray, Harold R. Ray, Mrs. Herbert S. Rayner, Lawrence Reace, William T. Read, Freeman C. Ready, Charles H. Redding, George H. Reddy, Mrs. Philip J. Reed, Mrs. Frank C. Reed, Guy E. Reed, L. F. B. Reed, Philip G. Reedy, Mrs. T. J. Regan, Mrs. Ben Regnery, Mrs. Henry Reicin, Frank E. Reid, Alf F. Reilly, David J. Reilly, George A. Rein, Lester E. Reisch, Mrs. Louis J. Remien, Miss Marie Katherine Render, Miss Forsythe Renken, Miss Martha Replogle, Dr. Fred A. Resch, Mrs. Robert P. Ressler, Harold B. Reskin, Charles G. Reynolds, Milton Rice, Dr. Frank E. Rich, Keith Richard, Sister Richards, Mrs. Harper Richards, Longley Richards, Oron E. Ricker, Jewett E. Ridley, Mrs. E. N. Riedeman, H. T. Riggs, Mrs. Joseph A. Riley, Edward C. Riley, John H. Rinaker, Samuel M. Ritsos, Nicholas T. Rivenes, A. I. Rivera, J. A. Roach, O. R. Robandt, Al Robbins, Burr L. Robbins, Laurence B. Roberts, Harlow P. Roberts, J. K. Robertson, Egbert Robertson, Miss Nancy P. Robertson, Theodore B. Robinson, Thomas G. Roche, John Pierre Roddewig, Clair M. Roden, Carl B. Rodger, John H. Rodriguez, Dr. Arthur A. Rodwick, Frank P. Roefer, Henry A. Rogers, Mrs. J. B. Rogers, Lester C. Rogers, Milton P. Rogers, Miss Suzanne Rogers, Thomas W. Rold, Dr. Dale Roman, B. F. Ronning, Magnus I. Roos, Edwin J. Rose, Ben Rose, Jack Roseland, J. G. Rosenberg, Ben L. Rosenberg, Mrs. Bernhard Rosenfels, Mrs. Irwin S. Rosenson, Herzl Rosenthal, M. A. Rosin, George I. Rosner, Manuel Ross, Dr. Chester John Ross, Earl Ross, Dr. Martin T. Ross, Mrs. Sophie S. Roth, Arthur J. Rothschild, Edward Rowan, Mrs. Paul Rowe, F. B. Rowley, Fred C, Jr. Rubert, William F. Ruby, Norman Rudolph, Walter D. Ruehlmann, William R. Rugen, Fred A. Ruhl, Robert H. Runzel, William L., Jr. Rush, Richard B. Ruskin, Mrs. Harry H. Russell, Harold S. Rutherford, M. Drexel Ryan, P. F. Ryder, F. W. Saalfeld, Harry H. Saarinen, W. Sackett, DeForest Saffir, M. A. Sager, Mrs. S. Norman Salomon, Ira Saltiel, Dr. Thomas P. 127 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Salzman, Philip H. Sampson, H. R. Samuels, Benjamin Sanborn, Mrs. V. C. Sandel, Mrs. Clara Sandrok, Edward G. Sanfilippo, John J. SanFilippo, Dr. Paul D. Sanford, Miss Helen M. Sang, Philip D. Sauerman, John A. Saunders, R. S. Savage, Stanley Sayers, Mrs. A. J. Sayers, Leon D. Sayre, Dr. Loren D. Scalbom, 0. Trumbull Scarborough, Mrs. Henry Schaar, B. E. Schaefer, W. A. Schaffner, Arthur B. Schaffner, Miss Marion Scheiner, Miss Clara A. Schiff, Max Schiltz, M. A. Schipfer, Dr. L. A. Schlichter, Dr. Jakub G. Schlossberg, Mrs. Harry Schlossman, Norman J. Schmidt, George A. Schmidt, Mrs. Siegfried G. Schmus, Elmer E. Schneider, Benjamin B. Schnering, P. B. Schnering, Robert B. Schnute, Dr. William J. Schoch, M. G. Schoeneberger, Charles A. Schonne, Mrs. Charles W. Schonthal, B. E. Schooler, Lee Schrader, John P. Schroeder, Werner W. Schuetz, Ralph E. Schultz, Chester H. Schultz, William H. Schulz, George H. Schulze, Paul, Jr. Schumaker, L. C. Schureman, Jean L. Schuttler, Mrs. Peter Schutz, Reuben M. Schwartz, Joseph H. Schwartz, Leo J. Schwartz, Marc W. Schwartz, Milton H. Schwartz, Nathan H. Schwemm, Earl M. Sciaky, Sam Scofield, Clarence P. Scott, Mrs. Cortlandt N. Scott, Frederick H. Scott, George A. H. Scott, Mrs. J. Russell Scott, Mrs. Marion R. Scott, William Edouard Scott, Dr. Winfield W. Scrimgeour, Miss Gladys M. Scully, Charles F. Seaberg, Edward R. Seaholm, A. T. Seaman, H. Gilbert Seaman, Henry L. Seaverns, George A., Jr. Secord, Burton F. Seder, A. R. Segal, Myron M. Selby, J. F. Selfridge, Calvin F. Sellers, Paul A. Selz, Frank E. Sembower, John F. Semrad, Joseph B. Senear, Dr. F. E. Serota, Dr. H. M. Severns, Roger L. Sewell, Allen K. Sexton, Mrs. Thomas G. Seyfarth, H. E. Shafer, Edward Shafer, Frederick C. Shafer, Dr. S. J. Shafer, Walter S. Shalla, Dr. Leon S. Shanahan, J. Robert Shanner, Charles T. Shannon, Charles E. Shannon, Peter M. Shantz, Marc A. Shaw, John I. Shearer, James, II Shedd, Mrs. Charles C. Shedd, Jeffrey Sheldon, Walter M., Jr. Sheridan, Leo J. Sheridan, Raymond M. Sherman, H. C. Sherman, Robert T. Sherwin, William A. Shetler, Stanley L. Shlaes, Harry L. Shlopack, Wallace B. Short, William H. Shrader, Frank K. Shuman, John R. Sibley, Joseph C, Jr. Siebel, George E. Sieber, Paul E. Sill, Vincent D. Silverstein, Milton Simpson, Bruce L. Sims, Frank S. Sims, Paul K. Sims, William W. Sinaiko, Dr. Edwin S. Singer, Albert H. Singer, William A. Siniarski, T. A. Sinnerud, Dr. O. P. Sittler, Edwin C. Sklar, N. Raoul Sklower, Miss Ruth I. Skoner, Chester Skudera, Mrs. Marie Slifka, George C. Slindee, Edward A. Sloan, Dr. Jack H. Sloan, Dr. LeRoy H. Sloan, William F. Smalley, B. L. Smalley, John H. Smick, Robert W. Smith, H. Kellogg Smith, Harold A. Smith, John F., Jr. Smith, Monroe A., Jr. Smith, Robert C. Smolka, Oscar J. Snideman, Richard L. Snite, John T. Snow, Lendol D. Snydacker, Mrs. E. F. Sollitt, Mrs. Ralph T. Sollitt, Sumner S. Somerville, Robert Somerville, Mrs. William Sommers, Bert Edward Soule, M. M. Spacek, Leonard P. Spatta, George Speed, Dr. Kellogg Spencer, William N. Spiegel, Dr. I. Joshua Spiegel, Miss Katherine J. Spiegel, Mrs. Philip Spieth, Mrs. Angeline Spinka, Dr. Harold M. Sponsler, Glen L. Spooner, Dr. Bruce A. Sporrer, M. J. Springer, Clement F. Springsguth, Robert C. Staffel, Henry E. Staffelbach, Earl T. Stagman, Dr. Joseph Stagman, Nathan Stahl, Harold A. Stahl, John J. Stanbery, J. N. Stanley, Donald Stannard, F. J. Stanton, Edgar, Jr. 128 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Stanton, Mrs. Francis R. Stanton, Lyman A. Starbuck, J. C. Starrett, Miss Carolyn J. Starshak, A. L. Staunton, E. C. Steen, Enoch Steen, Prof. Julian J. Steffen, Charles Steffey, D. Earl Stein, Mrs. S. Sidney Steins, Mrs. Halsey Steinwedell, William Stensland, T. N. Stern, David B., Jr. Stern, Herbert L. Stern, Herbert L., Jr. Stern, Jacob S. Sternberg, Edward Steuer, Mrs. Joseph True Stevens, Mrs. Clement D. Stevens, Mrs. R. St. John Stevers, Martin D. Stewart, George W. Stickler, Harold I. Stiles, J. F., Jr. Stipp, John E. Stirn, Henry C. Stockton, Joseph D. Stoddard, Robert M. Stoker, Nelson D. Stolle, Arthur E. Stolp, John A. Stolz, Leon Stone, Dr. F. Lee Stone, Herbert Stuart, Jr. Stone, Mrs. J. S. Storey, Oliver W. Storkan, Mrs. James Stormont, Dr. D. L. Stout, Frederick E. Straka, Frank B. Strassheim, Fred W. Stratton, Paul Stratton, Robert C. Straus, Mrs. Robert E. Stresenreuter, Mrs. Charles H. Strohmeier, Dr. Otto E. Stuart, Lyman J. Stuart, Robert K. Stuart, William M. Stumes, Charles B. Sudler, Carroll H., Jr. Sullivan, J. E. Sutherland, William W. Suyker, Hector Swain, David F. Swanson, Mrs. W. E. Sweet, Lisle W. Swidler, Louis Swift, T. Philip Sylvester, Edmund Q. Symonds, Merrill Szujewski, Dr. Henry A. Szymanski, Dr. Frederick J. Taendler, Henry A. Talbot, Mrs. Eugene S. Tannenbaum, Dr. Karl H. Tarnopol, Emil Tarrson, Albert J. Tartak, Mrs. Gertrude C. Tatge, Paul W. Tauber, Stewart Taylor, Mrs. A. Thomas Taylor, Edward L. Taylor, Fitzhugh Taylor, George H. Taylor, Orville Taylor, Mrs. Samuel G. Teichen, E. H. Templeton, Kenneth S. Temps, Leupold Teninga, Alfred J. Tenney, Henry F. Terhune, Miss Virginia Testin, Dr. Henry S. Teter, Park Theis, Dr. Frank V. Thiele, George C. Thillens, Melvin Thomas, G. Truman Thomas, Miss Martha Thompson, A. M. Thompson, Mrs. Florence S. Thompson, H. Hoyt Thompson, Dr. John R. Thompson, K. I. Thompson, Dr. Willard O. Thoren, Mrs. J. N. Thoresen, H. B. Thornburn, John M. Thorne, Frank H. Thorson, Reuben Throop, Mrs. George Enos Tice, Winfield Timmings, G. H. Tippens, Mrs. Albert H. Tipple, F. A. Tonk, Percy A. Toomin, Philip R. Topaz, Martin Topolinski, J. J. Toussaint, S. E. Trager, D. C. Trainor, H. J. Traut, Bernard H. Traver, George W. Traynor, William Knowlton Treffeisen, Gustave Tregenza, A. E. Trimarco, Ralph R. Troeger, Louis P. Trumbull, William M. Turner, Dr. Herbert A. Turney, Russell J. Tuteur, Charles Tuteur, Irving M. Tyler, Thomas S. Tyrrell, Miss Frances Ughetti, John B. Uhlmann, Richard F. Ullmann, S. E. Ultsch, W. Lewis Urban, Andrew Urban, Dr. H. J. Utley, Mrs. Clifton M. VanBuskirk, M. G. Vanderkloot, Dr. Albert VanderKloot, Nicholas J. Vanderwicken, Edwin P. VanDeventer, William E. VanKampen, A. H. VanMell, Herman T. VanNatta, V. R. VanNice, Errett VanSchaick, Mrs. Ethel R. Varty, Leo G. Vastine, Lee B. Vaughan, Alan W. Velvel, Charles Vilsoet, William Vinnedge, Albert S. Vloedman, Dr. D. A. Vogel, James B. Vogt, Earle E. Voltz, D. H. VonGehr, George VonHenke, Mrs. Edmund J. Vydra, Frank C. Wach, Dr. Edward C. Wachter, Frederick J. Wade, Albert G., II Wadler, Milton Arnold Wagner, Clarence P. Wagner, Mrs. David H. Wagner, Richard Wahl, Herman L. Waite, Roy E. Waldeck, Herman Waldman, Dr. Albert G. Walgren, Lawrence C. Walker, Dr. Alfred O. 129 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Walker, Frederick W., Jr. Walker, Reno R. Walker, Wendell Walker, Mrs. William Ernest Wall, Dr. Frank J. Wallenstein, Sidney- Waller, William, Jr. Wallerstein, David B. Wallgren, Eric M. Walters, Gary G. Waltman, C. E. Walz, John W. Wanger, David E., Jr. Wardwell, H. F. Ware, Mrs. Robert R. Ware, Mrs. Thomas M. Ware, Willis C. Warner, Ernest N. Warner, Mason Warton, Frank R. Washburn, Dr. Kenneth C. Wasserman, Hy Wasson, Theron Waters, Gerard E. Waterstreet, W. Neal Watkins, George H. Watling, John Watson, Norman E. Watt, Herbert J. Watt, Howard D. Watt, Richard F. Webb, Dr. Edward F. Webber, Harold H. Weber, James E. Webster, Dr. Augusta Webster, Frederick F. Webster, N. C. Wehmeier, H. A. Weichselbaum, Dr. Paul K. Weick, George T. Weidert, William C. Weigle, Mrs. Maurice Weil, Alfred J. Weil, Mrs. Carl H. Weiner, Charles Weinress, S. J. Weisbrod, Maxfield Weismantel, Miss Theresa A. Weiss, Alexander Weitman, W. E. Weitzel, Carl J. Weitzel, Mrs. Tony Welfeld, Marvin J. Wells, Sidney Wenholz, Walter W. Wenninger, William C. Wescott, Dr. Virgil Wesley, C. N. West, James D. Westbrook, Charles H. Western, North Wetherell, Warren Wetmore, Horace O. Wetten, Walton Wheeler, Mrs. Seymour Wheelock, Miss Ellen P. Whipple, Gaylord C. Whipple, Miss Velma D. Whiston, Frank M. White, Philip M. Whitelock, John B. Whitfield, George B. Whitmore, Lyle S. Whitnell, William W. Whitney, Mrs. Charles R. Wible, R. R. Wickersham, Mrs. Lucille Wickman, C. E. Wilber, Allen S. Wilbur, Lawrence S. Wilby, A. C. Wilds, John L. Wilhite, James A. Wilkinson, William D. Willard, Nelson W. Williams, Albert W. Williams, Jay C. Williams, Lawrence Williams, Robert G. Willis, Ivan L. Willott, Mrs. Adele Willy, Gustave J. Wilson, Allen B. Wilson, Arlen J. Wilson, Percival C. Wilson, Dr. William Windchy, Mrs. Frederick 0. Winsberg, Herbert H. Winsberg, Samuel Winston, Mrs. Farwell Winterbotham, John R. Wiseman, William P. Wisner, C. V., Jr. Wolchina, R. P. Wolf, Morris E. Wolf, Orrin E. Wolfe, Hubert J. Wolff, Frank C. Wolff, Oscar M. Wood, Edward W. Wood, William A. Woodside, John T. Woodson, William T. Woodyatt, Dr. Rollin Turner Woolard, Francis C. Woulfe, Henry F. Wright, William Ryer Wrisley, George A. Wyatt, Harry N. Wybel, L. E. Wyckoff, Dr. Philip H. Yarnall, Frank H. Yates, John E. Yates, Schuyler Yavitz, Sidney M. Yaworski, A. F. Yohe, C. Lloyd Yonkers, Edward H. Youker, Mrs. Claude W. Young, C. S. Young, Dr. Donald R. Young, J. L. Youngberg, Arthur C. Youngren, W. W. Zaczek, Miss Genevieve A. Zadek, Milton Zaring, Paul B. Zatz, Sidney R. Zelinko, George J. Zimmer, Harry L. Zimmerman, Austin M. Zimmerman, Carl Zimmerman, E. W. Zimmerman, Dr. Harold W. Zimmerman, Preston Zimmermann, Mrs. P. T. Zipse, Edwin W. Zitzewitz, Arthur F. Zolla, Abner M. DECEASED, 1952 Abbott, Mrs. John Jay Alger, Frederick W. Beck, Frederick Bernstein, George E. Blitzsten, Dr. N. Lionel Bond, William Scott 130 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Carter, C. B. Clow, Kent S. Dougherty, Edward A. Follett, C. W. Frankenstein, Rudolph Goldthorp, Dr. Ellsworth Haskell, Clinton H. Hennemeyer, Dr. Rudolph J. Hoag, Mrs. Junius C. Johnson, Dr. G. Erman Kipp, Lester E. Kuehn, Oswald L. Lehman, 0. W. Leibrandt, George F. Manzelmann, George F. Marnane, James D. McLaughlin, Dr. James H. Oleson, Philip H. Reiser, Miss Irene K. Robson, Mrs. Oscar Scalbom, Oscar L. Sillani, Mrs. Mabel W. Smart, David A. Stewart, George R. Trumbull, Mrs. Charles L. Trumbull, Robert F. Way, Mrs. Henry J. Wilmarth, Donald G. Woodward, Arthur H. 131 Articles of Incorporation STATE OF ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF STATE William H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of State To All to Whom These Presents Shall Come, Greeting: Whereas, a Certificate duly signed and acknowledged having been filed in the office of the Secretary of State, on the 16th day of September, a.d. 1893, for the organization of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO, under and in accordance with the provisions of "An Act Concerning Corporations," approved April 18, 1872, and in force July 1, 1872, and all acts amendatory thereof, a copy of which certificate is hereto attached. Now, therefore, I, William H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of State of the State of Illinois, by virtue of the powers and duties vested in me by law, do hereby certify that the said COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO is a legally organized Corporation under the laws of this State. In Testimony Whereof, I hereto set my hand and cause to be affixed the Great Seal of State. Done at the City of Springfield, this 16th day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-three, and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and eighteenth. W. H. HINRICHSEN, [Seal] , Secretary of State. TO HON. WILLIAM H. HINRICHSEN, Secretary of State: Sir: We, the undersigned citizens of the United States, propose to form a cor- poration under an act of the General Assembly of the State of Illinois, entitled "An Act Concerning Corporations," approved April 18, 1872, and all acts amenda- tory thereof; and that for the purposes of such organization we hereby state as follows, to- wit: 1. The name of such corporation is the "COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO." 2. The object for which it is formed is for the accumulation and dissemi- nation of knowledge, and the preservation and exhibition of objects illustrating Art, Archaeology, Science and History. 3. The management of the aforesaid museum shall be vested in a Board of Fifteen (15) Trustees, five of whom are to be elected every year. 4. The following named persons are hereby selected as the Trustees for the first year of its corporate existence: Edward E. Ayer, Charles B. Farwell, George E. Adams, George R. Davis, Charles L. Hutchinson, Daniel H. Burnham, John A. Roche, M. C. Bullock, Emil G. Hirsch, James W. Ellsworth, Allison V. Armour, O. F. Aldis, Edwin Walker, John C. Black and Frank W. Gunsaulus. 5. The location of the Museum is in the City of Chicago, County of Cook, and State of Illinois. (Signed) George E. Adams, C. B. Farwell, Sidney C. Eastman, F. W. Putnam, Robert McCurdy, Andrew Peterson, L. J. Gage, Charles L. Hutchinson, Ebenezer 132 Buckingham, Andrew McNally, Edward E. Ayer, John M. Clark, Herman H. Kohlsaat, George Schneider, Henry H. Getty, William R. Harper, Franklin H. Head, E. G. Keith, J. Irving Pearce, Azel F. Hatch, Henry Wade Rogers, Thomas B. Bryan, L. Z. Leiter, A. C. Bartlett, A. A. Sprague, A. C. McClurg, James W. Scott, Geo. F. Bissell, John R. Walsh, Chas. Fitzsimmons, John A. Roche, E. B. McCagg, Owen F. Aldis, Ferdinand W. Peck, James H. Dole, Joseph Stockton, Edward B. Butler, John McConnell, R. A. Waller, H. C. Chatfield-Taylor, A. Crawford, Wm. Sooy Smith, P. S. Peterson, John C. Black, Jno. J. Mitchell, C. F. Gunther, George R. Davis, Stephen A. Forbes, Robert W. Patterson, Jr., M. C. Bullock, Edwin Walker, George M. Pullman, William E. Curtis, James W. Ellsworth, William E. Hale, Wm. T. Baker, Martin A. Ryerson, Huntington W. Jackson, N. B. Ream, Norman Williams, Melville E. Stone, Bryan Lathrop, Eliphalet W. Blatchford, Philip D. Armour. State of Illinois "i > ss. Cook County ) I, G. R. Mitchell, a Notary Public in and for said County, do hereby certify that the foregoing petitioners personally appeared before me and acknowl- edged severally that they signed the foregoing petition as their free and voluntary act for the uses and purposes therein set forth. Given under my hand and notarial seal this 14th day of September, 1893. G. R. MITCHELL, [Seal] Notary Public, Cook County, III. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 1 Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 25th day of June, 1894, the name of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. A certificate to this effect was filed June 26, 1894, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 1 Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 8th day of November, 1905, the name of the FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. A certificate to this effect was filed November 10, 1905, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 3 Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 10th day of May, 1920, the management of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY shall be invested in a Board of Twenty-one (21) Trustees, who shall be elected in such manner and for such time and term of office as may be provided for by the By-Laws. A certificate to this effect was filed May 21, 1920, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 1 Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 15th day of November, 1943, the name of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY was changed to CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM. A certificate to this effect was filed November 23, 1943, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. 133 Amended By-Laws DECEMBER, 1945 ARTICLE I MEMBERS Section 1. Members shall be of twelve classes, Corporate Members, Hon- orary Members, Patrons, Corresponding Members, Benefactors, Contributors, Life Members, Non-Resident Life Members, Associate Members, Non-Resident Associate Members, Sustaining Members, and Annual Members. Section 2. The Corporate Members shall consist of the persons named in the articles of incorporation, and of such other persons as shall be chosen from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, upon the recom- mendation of the Executive Committee; provided, that such person named in the articles of incorporation shall, within ninety days from the adoption of these By-Laws, and persons hereafter chosen as Corporate Members shall, within ninety days of their election, pay into the treasury the sum of Twenty Dollars ($20.00) or more. Corporate Members becoming Life Members, Patrons or Honorary Members shall be exempt from dues. Annual meetings of said Corporate Members shall be held at the same place and on the same day that the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees is held. Section 3. Honorary Members shall be chosen by the Board from among persons who have rendered eminent service to science, and only upon unanimous nomination of the Executive Committee. They shall be exempt from all dues. Section 4. Patrons shall be chosen by the Board upon recommendation of the Executive Committee from among persons who have rendered eminent ser- vice to the Museum. They shall be exempt from all dues, and, by virtue of their election as Patrons, shall also be Corporate Members. Section 5. Any person contributing or devising the sum of One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000.00) in cash, or securities, or property to the funds of the Museum, may be elected a Benefactor of the Museum. Section 6. Corresponding Members shall be chosen by the Board from among scientists or patrons of science residing in foreign countries, who render important service to the Museum. They shall be elected by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings. They shall be exempt from all dues and shall enjoy all courtesies of the Museum. Section 7. Any person contributing to the Museum One Thousand Dollars ($1,000.00) or more in cash, securities, or material, may be elected a Contributor of the Museum. Contributors shall be exempt from all dues and shall enjoy all courtesies of the Museum. Section 8. Any person paying into the treasury the sum of Five Hundred Dollars ($500.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Life Member. Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to mem- bers of the Board of Trustees. Any person residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Non-Resident Life Member. Non-Resident Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to members of the Board of Trustees. Section 9. Any person paying into the treasury of the Museum the sum of One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) at any one time, shall, upon the vote of the Board, 134 become an Associate Member. Associate Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall be entitled to tickets admitting Member and members of family, includ- ing non-resident home guests; all publications of the Museum issued during the period of their membership, if so desired; reserved seats for all lectures and enter- tainments under the auspices of the Museum, provided reservation is requested in advance; and admission of holder of membership and accompanying party to all special exhibits and Museum functions day or evening. Any person residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of Fifty Dollars ($50.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Non-Resident Associate Member. Non-Resident Associate Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to Associate Members. Section 10. Sustaining Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of Twenty-five Dollars ($25.00), payable within thirty days after notice of election and within thirty days after each recurring annual date. This Sustaining Membership entitles the Member to free admission for the Mem- ber and family to the Museum on any day, the Annual Report and such other Museum documents or publications issued during the period of their membership as may be requested in writing. When a Sustaining Member has paid the annual fee of $25.00 for six years, such Member shall be entitled to become an Associate Member. Section 11. Annual Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of Ten Dollars ($10.00), payable within thirty days after each recurring annual date. An Annual Membership shall entitle the Member to a card of admission for the Member and family during all hours when the Museum is open to the public, and free admission for the Member and family to all Museum lectures and entertainments. This membership will also entitle the holder to the courtesies of the membership privileges of every museum of note in the United States and Canada, so long as the existing system of co-operative interchange of membership tickets shall be maintained, including tickets for any lectures given under the auspices of any of the museums during a visit to the cities in which the co-operative museums are located. Section 12. All membership fees, excepting Sustaining and Annual, shall hereafter be applied to a permanent Membership Endowment Fund, the interest only of which shall be applied for the use of the Museum as the Board of Trustees may order. ARTICLE II BOARD OF TRUSTEES Section 1. The Board of Trustees shall consist of twenty-one members. The respective members of the Board now in office, and those who shall here- after be elected, shall hold office during life. Vacancies occurring in the Board shall be filled at a regular meeting of the Board, upon the nomination of the Executive Committee made at a preceding regular meeting of the Board, by a majority vote of the members of the Board present. Section 2. Regular meetings of the Board shall be held on the third Mon- day of the month. Special meetings may be called at any time by the President, and shall be called by the Secretary upon the written request of three Trustees. Five Trustees shall constitute a quorum, except for the election of officers or the adoption of the Annual Budget, when seven Trustees shall be required, but meet- ings may be adjourned by any less number from day to day, or to a day fixed, previous to the next regular meeting. Section 3. Reasonable written notice, designating the time and place of holding meetings, shall be given by the Secretary. ARTICLE III HONORARY trustees Section 1. As a mark of respect, and in appreciation of services performed for the Institution, any Trustee who by reason of inability, on account of change 135 of residence, or for other cause or from indisposition to serve longer in such capa- city shall resign his place upon the Board, may be elected, by a majority of those present at any regular meeting of the Board, an Honorary Trustee for life. Such Honorary Trustee will receive notice of all meetings of the Board of Trustees, whether regular or special, and will be expected to be present at all such meetings and participate in the deliberations thereof, but an Honorary Trustee shall not have the right to vote. ARTICLE IV OFFICERS Section 1. The officers shall be a President, a First Vice-President, a Second Vice-President, a Third Vice-President, a Secretary, an Assistant Secretary and a Treasurer. They shall be chosen by ballot by the Board of Trustees, a majority of those present and voting being necessary to elect. The President, the First Vice-President, the Second Vice-President, and the Third Vice-President shall be chosen from among the members of the Board of Trustees. The meeting for the election of officers shall be held on the third Monday of January of each year, and shall be called the Annual Meeting. Section 2. The officers shall hold office for one year, or until their suc- cessors are elected and qualified, but any officer may be removed at any regular meeting of the Board of Trustees by a vote of two-thirds of all the members of the Board. Vacancies in any office may be filled by the Board at any meeting. Section 3. The officers shall perform such duties as ordinarily appertain to their respective offices, and such as shall be prescribed by the By-Laws, or designated from time to time by the Board of Trustees. ARTICLE V the treasurer Section 1. The Treasurer shall be custodian of the funds of the Corpora- tion, except as hereinafter provided. He shall make disbursements only upon warrants, signed by such officer, or officers, or other persons as the Board of Trustees may from time to time designate. Section 2. The securities and muniments of title belonging to the cor- poration shall be placed in the custody of some Trust Company of Chicago to be designated by the Board of Trustees, which Trust Company shall collect the income and principal of said securities as the same become due, and pay same to the Treasurer, except as hereinafter provided. Said Trust Company shall allow access to and deliver any or all securities or muniments of title to the joint order of the following officers, namely: the President or one of the Vice- Presidents, jointly with the Chairman, or one of the Vice-Chairmen, of the Finance Committee of the Museum. The President or any one of the Vice-Presidents, jointly with either the Chairman or any one of the other members of the Finance Committee, are authorized and empowered (a) to sell, assign and transfer as a whole or in part the securities owned by or registered in the name of the Chicago Natural History Museum, and, for that purpose, to endorse certificates in blank or to a named person, appoint one or more attorneys, and execute such other instru- ments as may be necessary, and (b) to cause any securities belonging to this Corpo- ration now, or acquired in the future, to be held or registered in the name or names of a nominee or nominees designated by them. Section 3. The Treasurer shall give bond in such amount, and with such sureties as shall be approved by the Board of Trustees. Section 4. The Harris Trust & Savings Bank of Chicago shall be Cus- todian of "The N. W. Harris Public School Extension of the Chicago Natural History Museum" fund. The bank shall make disbursements only upon warrants drawn by the Director and countersigned by the President. In the absence or inability of the Director, warrants may be signed by the Chairman of the Finance Committee, and in the absence or inability of the President, may be countersigned by one of the Vice-Presidents, or any member of the Finance Committee. 136 ARTICLE VI THE DIRECTOR Section 1. The Board of Trustees shall elect a Director of the Museum, who shall remain in office until his successor shall be elected. He shall have im- mediate charge and supervision of the Museum, and shall control the operations of the Institution, subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees and its Com- mittees. The Director shall be the official medium of communication between the Board, or its Committees, and the scientific staff and maintenance force. Section 2. There shall be four scientific Departments of the Museum — Anthropology, Botany, Geology, and Zoology — each under the charge of a Chief Curator, subject to the authority of the Director. The Chief Curators shall be appointed by the Board upon the recommendation of the Director, and shall serve during the pleasure of the Board. Subordinate staff officers in the scientific Depart- ments shall be appointed and removed by the Director upon the recommendation of the Chief Curators of the respective Departments. The Director shall have authority to employ and remove all other employees of the Museum. Section 3. The Director shall make report to the Board at each regular meeting, recounting the operations of the Museum for the previous month. At the Annual Meeting, the Director shall make an Annual Report, reviewing the work for the previous year, which Annual Report shall be published in pamphlet form for the information of the Trustees and Members, and for free distribution in such number as the Board may direct. ARTICLE VII THE AUDITOR Section 1. The Board shall appoint an Auditor, who shall hold his office during the pleasure of the Board. He shall keep proper books of account, setting forth the financial condition and transactions of the Corporation, and of the Museum, and report thereon at each regular meeting, and at such other times as may be required by the Board. He shall certify to the correctness of all bills rendered for the expenditure of the money of the Corporation. ARTICLE VIII COMMITTEES Section 1. There shall be five Committees, as follows: Finance, Building, Auditing, Pension, and Executive. Section 2. The Finance Committee shall consist of not less than five or more than seven members, the Auditing and Pension Committees shall each consist of three members, and the Building Committee shall consist of five members. All members of these four Committees shall be elected by ballot by the Board at the Annual Meeting, and shall hold office for one year, and until their successors are elected and qualified. In electing the members of these Committees, the Board shall designate the Chairman and Vice-Chairman by the order in which the mem- bers are named in the respective Committee; the first member named shall be Chairman, the second named the Vice-Chairman, and the third named, Second Vice-Chairman, succession to the Chairmanship being in this order in the event of the absence or disability of the Chairman. Section 3. The Executive Committee shall consist of the President of the Board, the Chairman of the Finance Committee, the Chairman of the Building Committee, the Chairman of the Auditing Committee, the Chairman of the Pension Committee, and three other members of the Board to be elected by ballot at the Annual Meeting. Section 4. Four members shall constitute a quorum of the Executive Com- mittee, and in all standing Committees two members shall constitute a quorum. In the event that, owing to the absence or inability of members, a quorum of the regularly elected members cannot be present at any meeting of any Com- mittee, then the Chairman thereof, or his successor, as herein provided, may summon any members of the Board of Trustees to act in place of the absentee. 137 Section 5. The Finance Committee shall have supervision of investing the endowment and other funds of the Corporation, and the care of such real estate as may become its property. It shall have authority to make and alter investments from time to time, reporting its actions to the Board of Trustees. The Finance Committee is fully authorized to cause any funds or investments of the Corpora- tion to be made payable to bearer, and it is further authorized to cause real estate of the Corporation, its funds and investments, to be held or registered in the name of a nominee selected by it. Section 6. The Building Committee shall have supervision of the con- struction, reconstruction, and extension of any and all buildings used for Museum purposes. Section 7. The Executive Committee shall be called together from time to time as the Chairman may consider necessary, or as he may be requested to do by three members of the Committee, to act upon such matters affecting the administration of the Museum as cannot await consideration at the Regular Monthly Meetings of the Board of Trustees. It shall, before the beginning of each fiscal year, prepare and submit to the Board an itemized Budget, setting forth the probable receipts from all sources for the ensuing year, and make recom- mendations as to the expenditures which should be made for routine maintenance and fixed charges. Upon the adoption of the Budget by the Board, the expendi- tures stated are authorized. Section 8. The Auditing Committee shall have supervision over all account- ing and bookkeeping, and full control of the financial records. It shall cause the same, once each year, or oftener, to be examined by an expert individual or firm, and shall transmit the report of such expert individual or firm to the Board at the next ensuing regular meeting after such examination shall have taken place. Section 9. The Pension Committee shall determine by such means and processes as shall be established by the Board of Trustees to whom and in what amount the Pension Fund shall be distributed. These determinations or findings shall be subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees. Section 10. The Chairman of each Committee shall report the acts and proceedings thereof at the next ensuing regular meeting of the Board. Section 11. The President shall be ex-officio a member of all Committees and Chairman of the Executive Committee. Vacancies occurring in any Com- mittee may be filled by ballot at any regular meeting of the Board. ARTICLE IX NOMINATING COMMITTEE Section 1. At the November meeting of the Board each year, a Nomi- nating Committee of three shall be chosen by lot. Said Committee shall make nominations for membership of the Finance Committee, the Building Committee, the Auditing Committee, and the Pension Committee, and for three members of the Executive Committee, from among the Trustees, to be submitted at the ensuing December meeting and voted upon at the following Annual Meeting in January. ARTICLE X Section 1. Whenever the word "Museum" is employed in the By-Laws of the Corporation, it shall be taken to mean the building in which the Museum as an Institution is located and operated, the material exhibited, the material in study collections, or in storage, furniture, fixtures, cases, tools, records, books, and all appurtenances of the Institution and the workings, researches, installa- tions, expenditures, field work, laboratories, library, publications, lecture courses, and all scientific and maintenance activities. Section 2. The By-Laws, and likewise the Articles of Incorporation, may be amended at any regular meeting of the Board of Trustees by a vote in favor thereof of not less than two-thirds of all the members present, provided the amendment shall have been proposed at a preceding regular meeting. 138 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA lllllllllllllllllll 3 0112 084204988