XI E) RAFIY OF THL U N IVERSITY Of ILLINOIS 507 F45 1949-55 CENTRAL CIRCULATION BOOKSTACKS The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its renewal or its return to the library from which it was borrowed on or before the Latest Date stamped below. You may be charged a minimum fee of $75.00 for each lost book. TiMft, mutllotlen, and undarlining of books aro roosen* for disciplinary octien and may result In dismissal from Ifie Unlvorsity. TO RENEW CALL TELEPHONE CENTER, 333-S400 UNIVERSITY Of ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAAdPAIGN MAY 1 i '»995 MAY 1 5 1995 When renewing by phone, write new due date below previous due date. L162 ^5 S3 ANNUAL REPORT 1955 Chicago Natural History Museum 1 WALTHER BUCHEN Member of the Board of Trustees since 1952 Donor and Leader of the Buchen East Africa Zoological Expedition CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Report of the Director to thi Board of Trustees for the year 1953 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 19^4 THE LIBRARY OF THE JUN14 1954 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS 7^ 7 Contents PAGE Former Officers 10 Former Members of the Board of Trustees 11 Officers, Trustees, and Committees, 1953 12 List of Staff, 1953 13 Report of the Director 19 Membership 21 James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation 25 N. W. Harris Public School Extension 27 Department of Anthropology 33 Department of Botany 40 Department of Geology 47 Department of Zoology 52 Library 61 Photography and Illustration 63 Publications and Printing 64 Public Relations 79 Maintenance, Construction, and Engineering 81 Financial Statements 85 Attendance and Door Receipts 87 Accessions, 1953 89 Members of the Museum 100 Benefactors 100 Honorary Members 100 Patrons 100 Corresponding Members 101 Contributors 101 Corporate Members 102 Life Members 103 Non-Resident Life Members 104 Associate Members 104 Non-Resident Associate Members 118 Sustaining Members 118 Annual Members 118 Articles of Incorporation 133 Amended By-Laws 135 Illustrations PAGE Walther Buchen frontispiece Chicago Natural History Museum 9 "Dissemination of Knowledge" 18 Albert H. Wetten, 1869-1953 22 School Program 25 Portable Exhibit 28 Venezuela Expedition 31 Higgins Flat Pueblo 35 Stone Objects 37 Porno Indian Village 38 Giant Bladderwort, Venezuela 43 Type-Photographs 45 Edaphosaurus 48 Nature of the Earth 51 Painting Background 54 Marsh Birds of Upper Nile 55 Cranefiy in Baltic Amber 56 Sea Otters 60 Charles F. Millspaugh Hall 66 Crocodilians 68 American Tarantula 71 A Major Maintenance Project 74 Branch of Camphor 80 4-H Club Delegates 82 ''THE LAST TO LEAVE" Photograph by Delbert E. Philpott Eighth Chicago International Exhibition of Nature Photography, 1953 s S i H^^^H^^^^^H ■ ^^^^Ka> i^ '^^^^B 7 ^^^H "H 1 ^^^^^^^^^^^^t H 1 ^K^^S ^^^^^^H H^^o ^ 1 1 ^H 'M , V "^BH^^^^^^ p 'ormer Offi icers PRESIDENTS FIRST VICE-PRESIDENTS SECOND VICE-PRESIDENTS THIRD VICE-PRESIDENTS SECRETARIES TREASURERS DIRECTORS Edward E. Ayer* . : 1894-1898 Harlow N. Higinbotham* 1898-1908 Martin A. Ryerson* 1894-1932 Albert A. Sprague* 1933-1946 Norman B. Ream* 1894-1902 Marshall Field, Jr.* 1902-1905 Stanley Field 1906-1908 Watson F. Blair* 1909-1928 Albert A. Sprague* 1929-1932 James Simpson* 1933-1939 Silas H. Strawn* 1940-1946 Albert B. Dick, Jr 1946-1951 Albert A. Sprague* 1921-1928 James Simpson* 1929-1932 Albert W. Harris 1933-1941 Ralph Metcalf 1894 George Manierre* 1894-1907 Frederick J. V. Skiff* 1907-1921 D. C. Davies* 1921-1928 Stephen C. SIMMS* 1928-1937 Byron L. Smith* 1894-1914 Frederick J. V. Skiff* 1893-1921 D. C. Davies* 1921-1928 Stephen C. SIMMS* 1928-1937 * Deceased 10 Former Members of the Board of Trustees George E. Adams,* 1893-1917 Owen F. Aldis,* 1893-1898 Allison V. Armour,* 1893-1894 Edward E. Ayer,* 1893-1927 John C. Black,* 1893-1894 Watson F. Blair,* 1894-1928 Leopold E. Block,* 1936-1952 John Borden, 1920-1938 M. C. Bullock,* 1893-1894 Daniel H. Burnham,* 1893-1894 Harry E. Byram,* 1921-1928 William J. Chalmers,* 1894-1938 Boardman Conover,* 1940-1950 Richard T. Crane, Jr.,* 1908-1912 1921-1931 D. C. Davies,* 1922-1928 George R. Davis,* 1893-1899 James W. Ellsworth,* 1893-1894 Charles B. Farwell,* 1893-1894 Howard W. Fenton, 1941-1951 Henry Field,* 1916-1917 Marshall Field, Jr.,* 1899-1905 Ernest R. Graham,* 1921-1936 Frank W. Gunsaulus,* 1893-1894 1918-1921 Albert W. Harris, 1920-1941 Harlow N. Higinbotham,* 1894-1919 Emil G. Hirsch,* 1893-1894 Charles L. Hutchinson,* 1893-1894 Huntington W. Jackson,* 1894-1900 Arthur B. Jones,* 1894-1927 Chauncey Keep,* 1915-1929 William V. Kelley,* 1929-1932 George Manierre,* 1894-1924 Charles H. Markham,* 1924-1930 Cyrus H. McCormick,* 1894-1936 Charles A. McCulloch,* 1936-1945 John Barton Payne,* 1910-1911 George F. Porter,* 1907-1916 Frederick H. Rawson,* 1927-1935 Norman B. Ream,* 1894-1910 John A. Roche,* 1893-1894 Theodore Roosevelt,* 1938-1944 Martin A. Ryerson,* 1893-1932 Fred W. Sargent,* 1929-1939 Stephen C. Simms,* 1928-1937 James Simpson,* 1920-1939 Frederick J. V. Skiff,* 1902-1921 Albert A. Sprague,* 1910-1946 Silas H. Strawn,* 1924-1946 Edwin Walker,* 1893-1910 Albert H. Wetten,* 1939-1953 Leslie Wheeler,* 1934-1937 Norman Williams,* 1894-1899 William Wrigley, Jr.,* 1919-1931 * Deceased 11 Officers^ Trustees^ and Committees^ 1953 OFFICERS BOARD OF TRUSTEES COMMITTEES Stanley Field, President Marshall Field, First Vice-President Henry P. Isham, Second Vice-President Samuel Insull, Jr., Third Vice-President Solomon A. Smith, Treasurer Clifford C. Gregg, Secretary John R. Millar, Assistant Secretary Lester Armour Sewell L. Avery Wm. McCormick Blair Walther Buchen Walter J. Cummings Albert B. Dick, Jr. Joseph N. Field Marshall Field Marshall Field, Jr. Stanley Field Samuel Insull, Jr. Henry P. Isham Hughston M. McBain William H. Mitchell John T. Pirie, Jr. Clarence B. Randall George A. Richardson John G. Searle Solomon A. Smith Louis Ware Albert H. Wetten* John P. Wilson Executive — Stanley Field, Solomon A. Smith, Albert H. Wetten,* Wm. McCormick Blair, Samuel Insull, Jr., Marshall Field, John P. Wilson, Albert B. Dick, Jr., Henry P. Isham Finance — Solomon A. Smith, Albert B. Dick, Jr., John P. Wilson, Walter J. Cummings, Albert H. Wetten,* Henry P. Isham, Wm. McCormick Blair Building— Albert H. Wetten,* William H. Mitchell, Lester Armour, Joseph N. Field Auditing — Wm. McCormick Blair, Clarence B. Randall, Marshall Field, Jr., Louis Ware Pension — Samuel Insull, Jr., Sewell L. Avery, Hughston M. McBain, John G. Searle ♦ Deceased, 1953 12 List of Staffs 1953 DIRECTOR DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY Clifford C. Gregg John R. Millar, Deputy Director E. Leland Webber, Executive Assistant Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator Fay-Cooper Cole, Research Associate, Malaysian Ethnology Donald Collier, Curator, Sovih American Archaeology and Ethnology J. Eric Thompson, Research Associate, Central American Archaeology A. L. Kroeber, Research Associate, American Archaeology John B. Rinaldo, Assistant Curator, Archaeology Elaine Bluhm, Assistant, Archaeology Robert J. Braidwood, Research Associate, Old World Prehistory Miguel Covarrubias, Research Associate, Primitive Art M. Kenneth Starr, Curator, Asiatic Archaeology and Ethnology George I. Quimby, Curator of Exhibits Alfred Lee Rowell, Dioramist GusTAF Dalstrom, Artist John Pletinckx, Ceramic Restorer Walter C. Reese, Preparator Agnes H. McNary, Departmental Secretary Theodor Just, Chief Curator B. E. Dahlgren, Curator Emeritus Paul C. Standley, Curator Emeritus, Phanerogamic Herbarium Julian A. Steyermark, Curator, Phanerogamic Herbarium J. Francis Macbride, Curator, Peruvian Botany Earl E. Sherff, Research Associate, Systematic Botany Francis Drouet, Curator, Cryptogamic Herbarium Hanford Tiffany, Research Associate, Cryptogamic Botany Donald Richards, Research Associate, Cryptogamic Botany E. P. KiLLiP, Research Associate, Phanerogamic Botany John W. Thieret, Assistant Curator, Economic Botany Llewelyn Williams,* Associate, Forest Products Archie F. Wilson, Associate, Wood Anatomy ' resigned 13 DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY (continued) DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY J. S. Daston, Assistant, Botany Emil Sella, Curator of Exhibits Samuel H. Grove, Jr., Artist-Preparator Frank Boryca, Technician Mathias DoNES.t Preparator Walter Huebner, Preparator Virginia Sharp,* Departmental Secretary M. DiANNE Maurer, Departmental Secretary Sharat K. Roy, Chief Curator Bryan Patterson, Curator, Fossil Mammals Rainer Zangerl, Curator, Fossil Reptiles Robert H, Denison, Curator, Fossil Fishes Albert A. Dahlberg, Research Associate, Fossil Vertebrates Everett C. Olson, Research Associate, Fossil Vertebrates Priscilla F. Turnbull, Assistant, Fossil Vertebrates Eugene S. Richardson, Jr., Curator, Fossil Invertebrates George Langford, Curator, Fossil Plants R. H. Whitfield, Associate, Fossil Plants Violet S. Whitfield, Associate, Fossil Plants Ernst Antevs, Research Associate, Glacial Geology Robert K. Wyant, Curator, Economic Geology Harry E. Changnon, Curator of Exhibits Orville L. Gilpin, Chief Preparator, Fossils Henry Horback, Preparator William D. Turnbull, Preparator Stanley Kuczek, Preparator Henry U. Taylor, Preparator Maidi Wiebe, Artist Mary Sue Hopkins, Departmental Secretary Karl P. Schmidt, Chief Curator Colin Campbell Sanborn, Curator, Mammals Philip Hershkovitz, Assistant Curator, Mammals Luis de la Torre, Associate, Mammals Austin L. Rand, Curator, Birds Emmet R. Blake, Associate Curator, Birds RuDYERD BouLTON, Research Associate, Birds Melvin a. Traylor, Jr., Research Associate, Birds t retired * resigned 14 DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY (continued) ASSOCIATE EDITORS DEPARTMENT OF THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION Ellen T. Smith, Associate, Birds Clifford H. Pope, Curator, Amphibians and Reptiles Ch'eng-chao Liu, Research Associate, Reptiles Hymen Marx, Assistant, Reptiles LOREN P. Woods, Curator, Fishes Robert F. Inger, Assistant Curator, Fishes Marion Grey, Associate, Fishes William J. Gerhard, Curator Emeritus, Insects Rupert L. Wenzel, Curator, Insects Henry S. Dybas, Associate Curator, Insects Alfred E. Emerson, Research Associate, Insects Gregorio Bondar, Research Associate, Insects Charles H. Seevers, Research Associate, Insects Robert Traub, Research Associate, Insects Alex K. Wyatt, Research Associate, Insects Lillian A. Ross, Associate, Insects August Ziemer, Assistant, Insects Ruth Marshall, Research Associate, Arachnids Fritz Haas, Curator, Lower Invertebrates D. DwiGHT Davis, Curator, Vertebrate Anatomy Dorothy B. Foss,* Osteologist R. M. Strong, Research Associate, Anatomy Waldemar Meister, Associate, Anatomy Laura Brodie, Assistant Harry Hoogstraal, Field Associate DioscoRO S. Rabor, Field Associate Leon L. Walters, Taxidermist Frank C. Wonder, Taxidermist Ronald J. Lambert, Taxidermist Carl W. Cotton, Taxidermist Celestino Kalinowski, Assistant Taxidermist Dominick Villa, Tanner Joseph B. Krstolich, Artist Margaret G. Bradbury, Artist Margaret J. Bauer, Departmental Secretary Lillian A. Ross, Scientific Publications Martha H. Mullen, Assistant Helen Atkinson MacMinn, Miscellaneous Publications Richard A. Martin, Curator Albert J. Franzen, Preparator and Taxidermist Bertha M. Parker, Research Associate resigned 15 JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION THE LAYMAN LECTURER THE LIBRARY ACCOUNTING BOOK SHOP ADMINISTRATION AND RECORDS Miriam Wood, Chief Marie Svoboda Harriet Smith Jane Monson* Nancy Worsham Edith Fleming DoLLA Cox Jean Shultz Paul G. Dallwig Administration: Meta p. Howell, Librarian Louise Boynton Denison,* Administrative Assistant Nancy R. Peters, Assistant to the Librarian Classification and Cataloguing: Dawn Davey M. Eileen Rocourt Reference: Jane F. Ross Audrey Greeley Rhine Accessions, Bindery, Stacks: Boris Ivanov George Stosius William A. Bender,* Auditor A. L. Stebbins, Auditor Marion K. Hoffmann, Bookkeeper Robert E. Bruce, Purchasing Agent Jessie Dudley, in charge Susan M. Carpenter, Secretary to the Director Marion G. Gordon, Registrar Lorraine Anderson, Assistant Registrar Forest Highland, Assistant Recorder Hilda Nordland, Assistant Recorder Jeannette Forster, Assistant Recorder * resigned 16 PUBLIC RELATIONS COUNSEL DIVISION OF MEMBERSHIPS DIVISIONS OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATION DIVISION OF MOTION PICTURES DIVISION OF PRINTING MAINTENANCE ENGINEERING THE GUARD H. B. Harte Christine Tardy,* Associate Barbara Polikoff, Assistant Pearle Bilinske, in charge John Bayalis, Photographer Homer V. Holdren, Assistant Clarence B. Mitchell, Research Associate Douglas E. Tibbitts, Illustrator John W. Moyer,! in charge Raymond H. Hallstein, in charge Harold M. Grutzmacher, Assistant James R. Shouba, Superintendent GuSTAV A. Noren, Assistant Superintendent William E. Lake, Chief Engineer Leonard Carrion, Assistant Chief Engineer George Woodward, f Captain David Dunsmuir, Captain * resigned X on leave t retired 17 'DISSEMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE," SCULPTURE BY HENRY HERING CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM FORMERLY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ROOSEVELT ROAD AND LAKE SHORE DRIVE Annual Report of the Director To the Trustees: I have the honor to present a report of the operation of the Museum for the year ending December 31, 1953. Throughout the year the problem of financial support was upper- most in the minds of the Trustees and the administration of the Museum. A special committee, consisting of Hughston M. McBain, chairman, Marshall Field, Jr., Henry P. Isham, and John G. Searle, was appointed early in the year, and this committee, in co-operation with President Stanley Field, assembled necessary data and prepared plans that now promise a brighter financial future for this institution. Studies by the committee clearly established the fact that every reasonable effort had been made toward financing through private sources. In the ten years from 1943 to 1952, income from endow- ments had increased from $213,250 to $753,836. During the same time, support from tax funds had increased only from $121,642 to $128,478. It was immediately apparent that, while benefits to the public had greatly increased during the ten-year period, support by the public had not. The Board of Trustees was naturally reluctant to look to taxation for increased support, but, in view of the facts established, this appeared to be the proper approach toward solvency. An approach was made to the Chicago Park District Commissioners by all the museums that, under the authority of state law, are entitled to share in the museums' tax levied by the Park District. 19 As a result, the Park District Commissioners, after careful study and a public hearing that brought no dissenting opinion, voted an increase in the tax levy, which, although far below the amount authorized by the state legislature, will add approximately $52,000 per year to the Museum's income beginning in 1955. It is desired to record here the thanks and appreciation of the Museum to the members of the Park District Board for their action in granting necessary relief while at the same time maintaining every effort to keep the taxation at the lowest possible level. Meanwhile, rigid economies in the operation of the Museum permitted some re- adjustment in compensation to employees late in the year. ATTENDANCE Total attendance recorded at the Museum during the year was 1,204,855, a figure somewhat less than for the period a year ago but still impressive and within the range of normal attendance fluctuation. Of this group, only 132,198 people (slightly less than 11 per cent) paid the regular admission fee of 25 cents and 1,072,657 visited the Museum without charge, either coming on free days or being members of those groups that are admitted without charge at all times (see page 87 for comparative attendance statistics). It is essential, of course, that an educational institution of this type be available to all persons, regardless of their ability to pay. The work of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public School and Children's Lectures (see page 25) continued as in former years to be a great drawing-card for the school children not only of Chicago but also of cities and rural communities in several surrounding states. May is the peak month of school-group attendance, although April and November were higher in 1953 than in previous years. As usual, the Museum entertained the boys and girls who attended the National Congress of 4-H Clubs held in Chicago early in December. I am especially happy to report that the 4-H Donor Merit Award was presented to the Museum by G. L. Noble, Director, and Kenneth Anderson, of the National Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work, through the National 4-H Club Congress. It is anticipated that the co-operation between the 4-H Club movement and the Museum will continue as long as these two organizations exist. Local organizations that used the Museum for their meeting place during the year included the Nature Camera Club of Chicago, Kennicott Club, and Illinois Audubon Society, which also holds its series of public lectures here. 20 MEMBERSHIP In recognition of his eminent service to science, Professor H. 0. Beyer, of Manila, who has won international acclaim as the out- standing authority on the ethnology and archaeology of the Philip- pine Islands, was elected an Honorary Member of the Museum by the Board of Trustees. This is an honor that has been accorded only to eight other persons in the history of the Museum (for names of Honorary Members see page 100) . The total number of Members of the Museum at the close of the year was 4,800. The number in each membership classification was as follows: Benefactors — 25 Honorary Members— 9; Patrons — 15; Corresponding Members — 6 Contributors — 186; Corporate Members — 38; Ldfe Members— 146 Non-Resident Ldfe Members — 23; Associate Members — 2,174; Non- Resident Associate Members — 12; Sustaining Members — 12; Annual Members — 2,154. The Museum thanks its loyal Members for their public-spirited support of its scientific and educational work. Names of all Members of the Museum during 1953 are listed at the end of this Report under the various kinds of memberships that are offered by the Museum (see above). MEMBERS' NIGHT The third annual Members' Night was held at the Museum on Monday evening, October 5. The featured exhibit was the display of thirty-two magnificent colored folio prints of flowers published between 1798 and 1807 in London by the noted English physician and botanist, Robert J. Thornton. This collection, known as The Temple of Flora, is the most famous of all florilegia. The collection was lent to the Museum by one of its Members, Walter S. Ross, of Chicago. I desire here to record our sincere appreciation to him not only for the loan of the collection but also for his assistance in meeting costs of exhibition. A second feature was an exhibit ar- ranged by the Library of the Museum and the Department of Botany showing botanical illustration from its inception to the present time. The Museum is indeed fortunate to have in its own Library the volumes necessary to produce such an exhibit. This year no special entertainment was provided, so that Members could make the most of their opportunity to visit the scientific departments, laboratories, and workrooms of the Museum, which are not open at other times. Members of the staff were present to explain the work of the different departments. 21 ALBERT H. WETTEN 1869-1953 Member of the Board of Trustees since 1939 Chairman of the Building Committee Member of the Executive Committee and Finance Committee TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS It is with sincere personal regret that I record the death of Albert H. Wetten, a member of the Board of Trustees since 1939. As chairman of the Building Committee he had been extremely helpful to me on every occasion when I found it necessary to seek his aid. His fellow members of the Board of Trustees adopted the following resolution at the October meeting: "The Board of Trustees of Chicago Natural History Museum wishes to express on behalf of its members their deep affection and admiration for Mr. Albert H. Wetten who died suddenly on Sep- tember 3, 1953, after an eminently successful business career of sixty-five years. "Mr. Wetten became an Associate Member of the Museum in 1926 and in 1939 was elected a member of the Board of Trustees. In 1948 he was elected a Contributor. He served as a member of the Building Committee, the Finance Committee, and the Executive Committee, in each of which he served with distinction. "His interest in the work of the Museum was evidenced by his generous gift that made possible the inclusion of color plates in the Museum publication by Dr. Ch'eng-chao Liu, Amphibians of Western China, and it was characteristic of his devotion to the pur- poses of the Museum that he should have remembered it with a generous gift in his will. "He had a long and varied experience in real estate and finance upon which he drew to the great advantage of the Museum in helping it deal with its many financial and investment problems, and in addition he gave freely of his time and counsel to other educational, cultural, and charitable institutions, among which were The Newberry Library, The Children's Memorial Hospital, and St. Luke's Hospital. "The loss of his inspiration and counsel will be keenly felt by his associates in the Museum. "Therefore, be it resolved that this memorial be recorded in the minutes of this meeting and that the Secretary send a copy to Mrs. T. Lloyd Kelly and to Mrs. James S. Pennington." For the forty-fifth consecutive time Stanley Field was elected president of the Board of Trustees and all officers of the Board were re-elected with him at the annual meeting in January. The officers are: Marshall Field, first vice-president; Henry P. Isham, second vice-president; Samuel Insull, Jr., third vice-president; Solomon A. Smith, treasurer; Clifford C. Gregg, secretary; and 23 John R. Millar, assistant secretary. John T. Pirie, Jr., who was elected in December to fill the vacancy on the Board of Trustees caused by the death of Albert H. Wetten, was simultaneously elected a Corporate Member of the Museum. Clarence B. Randall, Trustee, and Clifford C. Gregg, Director, each were honored by a Freedoms Foundation Award for 1952, announcement of which was made on February 22, 1953, by Free- doms Foundation. The award to Mr. Randall was made in recog- nition of the excellence of his article, "FVee Enterprise Is Not a Hunting License," printed in the Atlantic Monthly, and the award to Colonel Gregg was made in recognition of the merit of an address, "Renewing Our Faith in Freedom," that he gave before the Young Men's Christian Association of Springfield, Illinois, at its annual retreat. (The Freedoms Foundation Award is a citation for effective interpretation of American institutions based on the philosophy of government by free men.) LECTURE PROGRAMS FOR ADULTS Again the Museum presented the free Saturday-afternoon lectures that it has offered to the public every year for more than half a century. The lectures are provided by the Edward E. Ayer Lecture Foundation Fund. A total of 16,010 adults attended the lectures, which this year numbered seventeen, and many letters of commenda- tion were received at the Museum. Such letters, either critical or commendatory, are always welcomed as guides to the selection of speakers and subjects for future lectures. THE LAYMAN LECTURER The thirteenth series of Sunday-afternoon lectures by our Layman Lecturer, Paul G. Dallwig, was concluded in April. Demands of his business interests prevented him from opening his fourteenth season of lectures in the fall, but plans have been completed for that series to begin in January of 1954. A total of 2,372 people attended his lectures in January, March, and April of 1953. To keep his presentations up to date, Mr. Dallwig is continually revising his lectures to include new scientific information as it becomes available. I am pleased to express to him the sincere thanks of the Museum for his gift of time, energy, and effort in producing his unique series of lectures for Museum audiences. 24 JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL AND CHILDREN'S LECTURES The James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation continued with estabHshed programs and activities for school children and added new ones as need arose. Established programs included tours for school children according to their interests and according to suggestions in their course of study, special school-programs of illustrated introductions followed by supervised study in desig- nated halls (39 of these programs were given, with 5,297 in attend- ance), and motion-picture programs on Saturday mornings in March, April, October, and November and also on six Thursday mornings in July and August. Members of the increasing number of summer play-groups and day camps are the greatest part of the summer audiences, and attendance required a second showing of each program. Series of "Museum Stories" (Desert Life and Life in the Polar Regions) were distributed free to children at the Satur- day-morning motion-picture programs. Extension-lecture service in Chicago public schools continues but is decreasing, and the emphasis of all Raymond Foundation activities centers in the Museum where Special program in the Museum for Chicago public schools consists of illustrated introduction, directed study in selected halls, and general discussion of the results. 25 the exhibit material is most usable. New types of programs resulted from needs of the organization of Girl Scouts in Chicago. Seven programs, offered as helps in nature-badge work, were given, with a total attendance of 580. On "Monday is Girl-Scout Day in the Museum" in July and August, several exhibits were marked to help the girls find their own answers in their nature-badge work, and a staff member of Raymond Foundation was on hand both morning and afternoon to help the girls. Eight of these programs were given, with a total attendance of 550. Brownie Scouts (girls of 7 through 9 years) needed help too, and so a program was planned for them in October and November after the nine regular Saturday-morning movies. A "game" or "exploration sheet" was selected from several that had been prepai'ed, and then the Brownie leader took her girls to the exhibits to find the answers. A group of Girl Scout Museum Aides helped with these programs, in which a total of 1,019 Brownie Scouts participated. Another group of Girl Scout Museum Aides mounted plants in the Museum Herbarium under the supervision of Miss Olive Doig. Valuable and needed work has been accom- plished by these girls, and the Museum is grateful for their help. A summary of all activities of Raymond Foundation for the year, with attendance figures, follows: RAYMOND FOUNDATION ACTIVITIES Activities within the Museum For children Gr„„p3 Tours in Museum halls 1,119 39,216 Lectures preceding tours ... . 140 10,111 Motion-picture programs. . . 30 21,867 Attendance Groups Attendance Total 1,288 71,386 For adults Tours in Museum halls 380 6,990 Total 380 6,990 Extension Activities Chicago public schools Elementary schools 44 15,827 Total 44 15,827 Total for Raymond Foundation Activities 1,712 94,203 26 THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION Twenty new exhibits of macroscopic fungi grouped according to mode of spore-production were prepared in the workshops of the Department of the N. W. Harris Pubhc School Extension during the year by Albert J. Franzen, Preparator, and installed in portable cases for use in schools. These exhibits duplicated a set of five prepared in 1950 that had been tested for their effectiveness as visual aids through the co-operation of Research Associate Bertha M. Parker, science teacher at the Laboratory School of the Univer- sity of Chicago. A habitat exhibit of the red fox was also completed during the year, bringing the total of new exhibits to twenty-one. The Harris Extension prepares and maintains museum exhibits mounted in standard portable cases to be used in classrooms to supplement the teaching of science and social studies in the schools of Chicago. Two trucks operated by the department take the ex- hibits to schools according to a planned system of regular rotation during the school months whereby every two weeks each school receives on loan two exhibits that are exchanged two weeks later. Seventeen exchanges are made during the school year, and the order of circulation to elementary schools is so planned that no school receives the same exhibits twice during the eight years any one child is in attendance. Circulation during the year of portable ex- hibits functioned normally according to established procedure. Because of the growing importance of science in the school curriculum and the well-known meagerness of equipment for science- teaching in elementary schools, we have recognized more fully our part in fostering in the school children of Chicago greater under- standing of natural history. We have tried, therefore, to prepare exhibits that would be meaningful to the city child and have made every effort to keep the exhibits in repair. During the year work- shop repairs were necessary on 384 of the 1,000-odd exhibit cases circulated by the department. Most of these repairs were made during the months when circulation was halted for summer vacation and the drivers were in the Museum. At this time, too, the rack room in the Museum was rearranged to permit orderly filing of the newer exhibits. In the past, circulation of exhibits has been extended to private and denominational schools as well as to public schools and to public-service institutions that have demonstrated a need for the exhibit material. But because of the mounting school-population and the consequent establishment of new public schools in Chicago, we have found it necessary to establish rather rigid controls regarding 27 This is one of twenty new portable exhibits of types of fungi circulated among Chicago schools by the Department of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension. acceptance for service of instititions other than public schools. In spite of these controls the department has been severely strained in maintaining an adequate supply of exhibits to fill its obligations. At the end of the year the circulation list totaled 517, an increase of 7 over December of the year before. Forty-eight requests for specific exhibits and for study-kit material that can be handled directly by the students were received (as in other years, the material most in demand was birdskins). In filling these requests, 30 stand- ard exhibits and 865 bird, mammal, and rock specimens were sent out on special loans. There were several short field trips to wooded areas round about Chicago for collecting plant material accessory to the exhibits under preparation. Some small mammals, amphibians, and birds that were also brought in from these trips have been prepared and stored for installation in exhibits until the services of an artist for painting habitat backgrounds are available to the department. 28 GIFTS TO THE MUSEUM A bequest of $50,000 was received by the Museum from the late Thomas J. Dee, of Chicago, for the purpose of estabHshing the Thomas J. Dee Fellowship Fund, and the will of the late Albert H. Wetten, Trustee of the Museum, provided $7,500. S. C. Johnson and Son, Incorporated, Racine, Wisconsin, again gave $4,000 for research on wax-bearing palms; Dr. Maurice L. Richardson, Lansing, Michigan, added $4,350 to the Maurice L. Richardson Paleonto- logical Fund; and Miss Margaret B. Conover, Chicago, added $1,100 to the Conover Game-Bird Fund, which was established by her brother, the late Boardman Conover, a Trustee of the Museum and Research Associate in the Division of Birds. Stanley Field, Presi- dent of the Museum, gave an additional $8,000 for the endowment of the Museum; Sewell L. Avery, Trustee, gave $10,000; Enterprise Paint Manufacturing Company, Chicago, gave $1,000; Hannifin Corporation, Chicago, gave $1,000; and $434.45 was received from the estate of Mrs. Abby K. Babcock. Gifts of money in memory of Albert H. Wetten were made by Wm. McCormick Blair, Stanley Field, Clifford C. Gregg, Arthur Rubloff, and Mrs. Roderick S. Webster, Other gifts of money were received from Allport Chari- table Trust, Atlas-Boxmakers Incorporated, Wm. McCormick Blair, Miss Frances J. Carter, Peder A. Christensen, C. Suydam Cutting, Albert B. Dick, Jr., William W. Judd, National Society of Colonial Dames of America (Illinois), Joseph H. Optner, Clarence B. Randall, John G. Searle, and Mrs. Ellen T. Smith, and there was even a gift of ten cents from Bobby Melville. Gifts of materials are listed at the end of this Report and under the headings of the scientific departments (see page 89). Donors who have given to the Museum $1,000 to $100,000 in money or materials are elected Contributors by the Board of Trustees (see page 101 for names of Contributors). Contributors elected in 1953 are: Thomas J. Dee, posthumously elected (in recognition of his bequest listed above); Dr. Alfred E. Emerson, Chicago (gift of an important collection of termites); and Langdon Pearse, Winnetka, Illinois (gift of a collection of valuable books) . The Museum thanks its faithful volunteer workers for their help during the year. Some of them, designated as Research Associates and Associates, are included in the List of Staff at the beginning of this Report. Other volunteers are: Stanley Auerbach, Miss Holly R. Bennett, David Benson, Earl A. Cross, Tom Dolan, Richard Duffey, Miss Ruth Griswold, E. D. Hester, David Kistner, Miss Holly Merki, Harry G. Nelson, Edward Sella, and Ronald Ward. 29 STAFF OF THE MUSEUM Lieutenant Colonel Robert Traub, of the Medical Service Corps of the United States Army, was elected Research Associate in the Division of Insects by the Board of Trustees, who also elected Clarence B. Mitchell, of Chicago, Research Associate in Photog- raphy. Dr. Waldemar Meister, of Chicago, was appointed Associate in Anatomy and Archie F. Wilson, of Flossmoor, Associate in Wood Anatomy. In October M. Kenneth Starr was appointed Curator of Asiatic Archaeology and Ethnology to fill a place long vacant in the Department of Anthropology, and John W. Thieret was appointed Assistant Curator of Economic Botany. Other appointments during the year were: Miss Lorraine Anderson, Assistant Registrar; Forest Highland, Assistant Recorder; Miss Mary Sue Hopkins, Secretary, Department of Geology; Walter Huebner, Preparator, Department of Botany; Miss M. Dianne Maurer, Secretary, Department of Botany; Mrs. Nancy R. Peters, Assistant to the Librarian; Mrs. Barbara Polikoff, Assistant, Division of Public Relations; Miss Jane F. Ross and George Stosius, Assistant Librarians; and Mrs. Jean Shultz, Guide-Lecturer, Raymond Foundation. A. L. Stebbins, who was Assistant Auditor and has been a mem- ber of the staff since 1931, was appointed Auditor of the Museum to succeed William A. Bender, who resigned. Other resignations were: Mrs. Louise Boynton Denison, Assistant Librarian; Mrs. Dorothy B. Foss, Osteologist, Department of Zoology; Mrs. Jane Monson, Guide-Lecturer, Raymond Foundation; Miss Virginia Sharp, Secretary, Department of Botany; Miss Christine Tardy, Associate Public Relations Counsel; and Llewelyn Williams, Asso- ciate, Department of Botany. Mathias Dones, Preparator in the Department of Botany for many years, retired in January. George Woodward, Captain of the Guard, who joined the guard force in 1939, retired on September 30, and David Dunsmuir, member of the guard force since 1944, was appointed Captain of the Guard. PENSIONERS It is with deep regret that I record the death on October 2 of John Emil Liljeblad, former Assistant Curator of Insects, who was in the service of the Museum for twenty-five years before his retire- ment in 1940, and the death on November 30 of Alfred Cleveland Weed, retired Curator of Fishes, who joined the staff in 1921 and had charge of the Division of Fishes for twenty-one years. 30 SPECIAL EXHIBITS The special exhibit for Members' Night of prints from Thornton's folio The Temple of Flora, lent by Walter S. Ross, of Chicago, and the supplementary display of botanical books from the Library of the Museum (see page 21) remained on exhibition in Stanley Field Hall until the end of October. Publication in April of Birds of Mexico, A Guide for Field Identification (see page 78), written by one member of the Museum's staff and illustrated by another (see 1952 Report, page 51), was chosen as the occasion for a special exhibit, arranged in co-operation with the University of Chicago Press, to show how such a book is made. Other special exhibits during the year were fifty photographs by Dr. Justine Cordwell, anthropologist, showing life and art of Nigeria; fifty photographs by Cyrus Townsend Brady, Jr., of New York, part of an exhibit of Australasian native arts; twenty-nine paintings in tempera by Ber- nard and Harriet Pertchick, of New York, of flowering trees of the Carribean, sponsored by Alcoa Steamship Company; drawings made Loss of plant specimens from excessive tropical moisture was prevented by use of special drying equipment at base camp of the botanical expedition to Venezuela. 31 in this Museum by students in the Junior School and Day School of the Art Institute of Chicago; Third Annual Amateur Handcrafted Gem and Jewelry Competitive Exhibition, sponsored by the Chicago Lapidary Club; and Eighth Chicago International Exhibition of Nature Photography, held as an annual event under the auspices of the Nature Camera Club of Chicago and the Museum. MUSEUM EXPEDITIONS The Museum conducted seventeen expeditions and field trips in 1953. Their work is described in this Report under the headings of the scientific departments. Expeditions and field trips of 1953 and their leaders are: Department of Anthropology — Southwest Archaeological Expe- dition (Dr. Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator) Department of Botany — Cuba Botanical Expedition (Dr. B. E. Dahlgren, Curator Emeritus); Southeastern States Botanical Field Trip (Emil Sella, Curator of Exhibits); Venezuela Botanical Expe- dition (Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, Curator of the Phanerogamic Herbarium of the Museum) Department of Geology — Mexico Geological Field Trip (Dr. Sharat K. Roy, Chief Curator); Paleobotanical Field Trips to the Braidwood-Wilmington (Illinois) Area (George Langford, Curator of Fossil Plants); Paleontological Field Trips in the Chicago Area (Eugene S. Richardson, Jr., Curator of Fossil Invertebrates); Wyo- ming Paleontological Expedition (Orville L. Gilpin, Chief Preparator) Department of Zoology — European Study Trip (Dr. Karl P. Schmidt, Chief Curator); Mexico Zoological Field Trip (Emmet R. Blake, Associate Curator of Birds); Midwest Zoological Field Work (Henry S. Dybas, Associate Curator of Insects) ; Northwest Zoological Field Trip (Dr. Fritz Haas, Curator of Lower Invertebrates); Peru Zoological Expedition, 1953-5U (Celestino Kalinowski, Assistant Taxidermist) ; Philippines Study Trip (Dr. Austin L. Rand, Curator of Birds); United States Navy Medical Research Unit No. 3, Cairo, Egypt, 19^9 — (Field Associate Harry Hoogstraal, Museum repre- sentative); West Coast Zoological Field Trip (Clifford H. Pope, Curator of Amphibians and Reptiles); West Indies Zoological Expedition (Donald Erdman) 32 Department of Anthropology Research and Expeditions The Southwest Archaeological Expedition of the Museum under the direction of Dr. Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator, assisted by Dr. John B. Rinaldo, Assistant Curator of Archaeology, spent four months in New Mexico digging in a thirty-room Mogollon Indian pueblo built about a.d. 1200. This pueblo, named Higgins Flat Site, is located a few miles northwest of Reserve, county seat of Catron County. Fourteen of the thirty rooms were completely excavated, a job that entailed moving from each room about ten to fifteen tons of rocks and a ton or so of dirt — the rocks were parts of collapsed walls and the dirt was wind-blown dust that had ac- cumulated during the centuries since the pueblo was abandoned. At various times since 1939 we have conducted researches on the life and culture of the Mogollon Indians, who lived in Pine Lawn Valley, New Mexico, from about 2500 B.C. to A.D. 1300, but most of our digging has been done in pit-houses (semisubterranean dwellings) . During the 1953 season, however, our work was confined entirely to the Higgins Flat Pueblo (or village), which was entirely a surface dwelling — that is, the walls were erected on top of the ground and the floors of the first-story rooms were not depressed but were at ground level. We believe that a portion of this pueblo was two stories high. The masonry was not so finished as that found in some of the large pueblos in Chaco Canyon, but it may be ranked as good. The exterior walls were a composite of laminated slabs and shaped blocks of tuff (for the outer face) and of random rubble packed in mud (for the inner faces). The partition walls of the interior, usually thin and not so carefully laid up, were field stones or rubble laid in thick layers of mud mortar. Our excavations demonstrated that this village (or clan apart- ment house) was the home of a dynamic, spirited, progressive people. Every room that was uncovered showed unmistakable signs of change, enlargement, redesigning, and alteration. Old walls had been torn out and new ones erected; partitions had been moved to provide greater or smaller space or storage space. Original floors, including appurtenances such as firepits and grinding bins, had been completely covered or re-covered by a thick superimposed layer of adobe plaster. In some rooms we found the original floor with two more above it. Nor had the building been completed in one operation. From a close study of the bonds and abutments at 33 the corners of the masonry walls and from a study of the ages of the pottery-types found in the various rooms we can state with a high degree of probability that the pueblo first consisted of a nucleus of six rooms and that as the clan increased in size and there were more children, aunts, uncles, grandmothers, and grandfathers to house, more rooms were added. The size of the rooms indicates that the people were not niggardly in outlook but tended to have a bountiful attitude, for most of the rooms were of generous dimen- sions (10 feet by 14 feet to 18 feet by 26 feet). One of the rooms that was added in late times may have been used for religious purposes because it contained fewer domestic objects and yielded a tiponi of stone (symbol of an ear of corn). In another room we found five ceremonial objects on the floor near the firepit. These objects, well-carved from tuff (volcanic ash- stone), are two animal effigies, both of which are equipped with small receptacles for offerings (?) of turquoise and corn meal, a tu- bular tobacco pipe (7 inches long), a dish, and a disk about 8 inches in diameter, all of them gaily painted with mineral paints in stripes of four colors — black, red, yellow, and green. The disk may represent a sun-symbol and the colors may have indicated the cardinal points. The use of these objects is problematical, but from our knowledge of modern near-by Indians (Zuni) we guess that they played an important ritualistic role in ceremonies having to do with hunting, good crops, rain, and general prosperity. Undoubtedly these para- phernalia were of undescribable sanctity and are a rare find. One architectural feature is of special interest. We found that several of the inner rooms had been supplied with enough fresh air to keep the fires going by means of special masonry-lined ducts (10 inches by 12 inches) that ran under the floors of the rooms. The flow of fresh air, which was brought from an outside aperture through the ducts and introduced into the inner room at floor level, was induced by the building of a fire. Under the floors of several rooms we found fourteen skeletons, carefully buried and in many instances provided with tools, orna- ments, and dishes for use in the life hereafter. The ages of these individuals at the time of death ranged from one year to thirty years, but most of the burials are of individuals who were less than five years old at death. It seems probable that careful interment and mortuary offerings of clothing, jewelry, food, pottery, and the like were provided because ideas concerning a spiritual life had de- veloped. Furthermore, in all our digging experience we have rarely encountered infant burials so liberally endowed with material ob- jects for use in the spirit world. 34 Higgins Flat Pueblo, western New Mexico, excavated by Southwest Archaeological Expedition in 1953, is shown in this photograph taken from plane of L. H. Keys. The Mogollon Indian bill of fare of the 13th century was varied and nutritious. The staple crops were corn, beans, and squashes, and these were supplemented by several wild foods such as yucca pods, walnuts, pinyon nuts, sunflower seeds, pigweed, amaranthus, wild grapes, tansy mustard, and prickly-pear-cactus fruit. Not content with the corn of his grandfathers, the Mogollon Indian constantly selected and bred strains better suited to this environ- ment. Varieties were sought that were resistant to drought and would hybridize with the older local varieties. We know from our previous research in the area that these Indian farmers were re- sponsible, in part at least, for a continuous improvement in the size of the ear and of the kernels and in a reduction of the number of kernel-rows. For example, at about the beginning of the Christian 35 Era, the cobs were short (about 2 inches long) and the number of kernel-rows was predominantly 10, 12, and 14. By A.D. 1300, the ears of corn were longer and fatter and the predominant number of kernel-rows was 8. This makes for more food per ear. The site on which we worked this season spans the property of two ranches owned repectively by Owen McCarty and Ray Hudson. Lester H. Keys, M.D., made his airplane available and with the assistance of James Barter took photographs from aloft. The expedition returned with an excellent collection of materials that will aid in piecing together the culture of the Mogollon Indians of New Mexico in the 13th century. The collection includes about seventy whole or restorable pots, bits of charred matting and san- dals, charred corn, beans, and squashes, implements of bone and stone, ornaments of shell and turquoise, and ceremonial objects. Some of these materials will be used for exhibition purposes and the remainder for study and exchange. During the first months of the year Assistant Curator Rinaldo collaborated with Chief Curator Martin in the preparation of a detailed report on the excavations during the summer of 1952 of caves and cliff -dwellings in western New Mexico. From his strati- graphic and statistical analysis of the stone, bone, and clay artifacts recovered from these caves he concluded that projectile-point and grinding-tool types are useful as horizon markers in this area. He also prepared a section on methods of excavation for the report and directed preparation of maps and illustrations. From June to Sep- tember he supervised excavation for the Southwest Archaeological Expedition and, after his return from the field, began a study of the sequence in which the rooms were built in the prehistoric village excavated during the summer and started an analysis of the stone, bone, and clay artifacts collected there. From time to time he did research in Southwestern Indian ethnology and archaeology for the revision and installation of exhibits in Hall 7 (Ancient and Modern Indians of the Southwestern United States). Donald Collier, Curator of South American Archaeology and Ethnology, completed the illustrations for his report on excavations in 1946 in Viru Valley by the Archaeological Expedition to Peru and finished revision of the manuscript. He collaborated with Dr. A. L. Kj-oeber, Research Associate in American Archaeology, on a study of the Museum's Nazca collection from the south coast of Peru and also worked on a general study of the development of civilization in Peru. He continued to assist Dr. Willard F. Libby, of the Institute for Nuclear Studies, University of Chicago, in selecting archaeological samples for radiocarbon dating. 36 Five painted stone objects of great sanctity were found in Higgins Flat Pueblo: two animal effigies (above), a tubular tobacco pipe, a sun-symbol disk, and a dish. During the first part of the year Miss Elaine Bluhm, Assistant in Archaeology, analyzed cordage, sandals, and textile fragments from Cosper Cliff Dwelling, Hinkle Park Cliff Dwelling, and 0 Block Cave, New Mexico, results of which study are included in the final report by Martin and Rinaldo on the sites excavated in 1952 (to be published in 1954), and continued study of ceramic and lithic material from the Sawmill Site, a Mogollon village with large rec- tangular kiva excavated by the Southwest Archaeological Expe- ditions of 1951 and 1952. For a period of ten weekends in the sum- mer she and David J. Wenner, Jr., of the Earth Science Club of Northern Illinois, directed the excavation of a late prehistoric In- dian village near Thornton, Illinois. A digging crew of volunteers and members of the club undertook the project to salvage as much information as could be recovered from the site, which will be de- stroyed by a new highway. After it is studied, material recovered from the excavation will be given to the Museum and to the De- partment of Anthropology and Sociology of the University of Illinois. During the year she reorganized the photographs in thirty albums and completed a cross-reference index for them. M. Kenneth Starr, Curator of Asiatic Archaeology and Eth- nology, joined the staff in mid-October. In addition to familiarizing himself with the materials in the Asiatic collections, he has begun to direct his energies toward four salient aspects of his duties: (1) planning for the complete renovation of the exhibits on East Asia, (2) expanding and rounding the Asiatic collections, (3) selectively adding to the Museum's library of writings on the anthropology of the Far East, and (4) continuing his research on the Chou period (traditionally 1122-256 B.C.) of China, research that involves the study of a portion of the Museum's collections. George I. Quimby, Curator of Exhibits, continued research in North American ethnology and archaeology for the exhibition pro- gram. He completed a report on Paleo-Indians and paleogeography and continued research on Paleo-Indians in the Great Lakes and Diorama of Pomo Indian village in California shows men making reed boat and fish trap while squaws prepare acorn meal (Hall 6, Indians of Western North America). 38 Mississippi Valley regions. For the exhibition program it was necessary to reorganize the reference collections in several store- rooms, to strip cases formerly on exhibition, and to make inventories of reference collections and of specimens placed on exhibition. This work was carried out by Phillip Lewis, assistant, until the latter part of March and by Whitney Halstead, assistant, for the rest of of the year under the supervision of Curator of Exhibits Quimby. Accessions— Anthropology Whole or nearly whole pottery vessels from any archaeological site are seldom found, and pottery vessels of any kind from the extinct Mogollon culture are singularly uncommon. Therefore, when about seventy whole or restorable vessels were found in an ancient Mogol- lon village in New Mexico, it was an occasion for rejoicing. These pots, dating from about A.D. 1200, include not only utility or cooking jars but also painted and decorated types, such as black-on-whites, black-on-reds, and polychromes. From deserted rooms, from graves, and from garbage dumps tools of bone and stone, objects of baked clay, charred textiles, and garden products were recovered. A most remarkable find on the floor of a room consists of five painted stone objects that undoubtedly were used in religious performances concerned with prosperity of the town (see pages 34 and 37). Exhibits— Anthropology Under the direction of Curator of Exhibits Quimby nineteen new exhibits and twenty-three reinstallations were completed during the year by Gustaf Dalstrom, Artist, Alfred Lee Rowell, Dioramist, Walter C. Reese, Preparator, and John Pletinckx, Ceramic Restorer. Fourteen of the new exhibits (including two miniature dioramas) were added to Hall 6 (Indian Tribes of Western North America), thus completing the California section as well as the hall itself, which contains fifty- two exhibits and is divided into three parts: Indians of the Plains, Intermountain tribes that show Plains in- fluence, and Pomo Indians of California. In George T. and^iancee^' Gaylord Hall (Hall 24, Ancient Chinese Civilization) sixteen exhibits were reinstalled on green backgrounds. Revision of Hall 7 (Ancient and Modern Indians of the Southwestern United States) was begun with reinstallation of seven exhibits and creation of five new ones. This hall will consist of four divisions. 39 Department of Botany Research and Expeditions Paul C. Standley, Curator Emeritus of the Phanerogamic Her- barium, in residence at the Escuela Agricola Panamericana near Tegucigalpa, Honduras, devoted his time to identification of speci- mens collected by various contributors, work on an annotated check list of plants of Honduras to be published by the Honduran government, and preparation of several papers on Honduran plants that were printed in Ceiha, the scientific journal issued by the Escuela (see page 77). J. Francis Macbride, Curator of Peruvian Botany, spent his full time preparing another part of his Flora of Peru, including a number of families following the Theaceae. Dr. Hugh C. Cutler, former Curator of Economic Botany and presently a staff member of Missouri Botanical Garden, continued his archaeo- logical explorations in the Southwest with the aid of a grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research. Dr. Earl E. Sherff, Research Associate in Systematic Botany, prepared a series of papers on various dicotyledonous plants of the Hawaiian Islands and on certain composites of Mexico and south- eastern Africa (see page 77) . Dr. Jos^ Cuatrecasas, former Curator of Colombian Botany, continued his studies on the flora of Colombia with the aid of a grant from the National Science Foundation. Several papers based mainly on his own collections and on specimens received on loan from various herbaria were published during the year (see page 76). Dr. B. E. Dahlgren, Curator Emeritus of Botany, continued his research on palms, particularly of the genus Copernicia, which includes the well-known wax palms of northeastern Brazil and the less-known one of El Chaco, with two or three other less-important species of South America, while all others of its thirty-odd species are confined to the island of Cuba or growing almost within sight of its shores on the Isle of Pines and in Haiti. To gain knowledge of plants of this kind, of which only small fragments can be pre- served well in any standard herbarium, extensive studies in the field as well as in the laboratory and herbarium are required. With the aid of funds provided by S. C. Johnson and Son, Incorporated, the Curator Emeritus spent two months in Cuba, accompanied by John W. Thieret (see page 43), and brought back to the Museum considerable material, notes, and photographs. Thanks to the kindness of L. W. Hansen of Camagiiey and of Dr. Ian D. Clement, 40 director of Atkins Garden and Laboratory of Harvard University at Soledad, seeds from palms marked in the spring were received from various local collectors and forwarded to the Museum. Some of these were germinated and grown in hydroponic solutions for seedling stages and cytological studies. During the latter part of the year large and excellent collections of Paraguayan palms col- lected by Dr. K. S. Markley, Dr. E. S. McLoud, and E. D. Kitzke were received from the S. C. Johnson Company. Dr. Theodor Just, Chief Curator, continued his study of living and fossil cycads and cycadeoids and wrote two invitation papers advocating the preparation of generic sjmopses of the entire plant kingdom. One paper was written as an introductory essay to a symposium on "Plant Genera" sponsored by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists and the other for a conference called by the National Research Council on "The Importance and Needs of Sys- tematics in Biology" (see page 76). Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, Curator of the Phanerogamic Her- barium, left the United States on March 7 from New Orleans for an expedition to Chimanta-tepui, an unexplored mountain in the "Lost World" of Venezuela, and returned to the Museum in August. During the first month and a half he was accompanied by a young naturalist, Charles Griffin, who collected animals of various groups for the Museum. The expedition first approached Chimanta- tepui from the western side by way of the Rio Apacara and Rio Abacapa and spent a month penetrating this section, but, because the Indians insisted on returning to their homes at the end of a month, it was not possible to continue the exploration of this part of the mountain to the highest portion of the summit where the most unusual species are found. Starting on May 4, the expedition approached the same mountain from the south by way of the Rio Aparur^n and Rio Tirica and, after nearly two weeks of arduous canoe travel over perilous rapids, reached the first camp site. From this base camp, at 3,000 feet above sea level, collecting continued for the rest of the time at various levels of Chimanta-tepui up to its summit, which was gained after weeks of difficult climbing and trail-making through an elfin forest over aerial roots and branches of low-growing trees and shrubs. Several camp sites were estab- lished between the base camp and the summit camp at 8,200 feet. A large camp was also made at the base of the bluffs at 500 feet on a spur leading to another section of the mountain. The flora varies at each level — the degree of endemism and species new to science increases with the elevation, and the majority of species found on the summit are entirely unknown to science. 41 Many species of plants found at the base of the bluffs did not occur on the dissected plateaus of the summit. The lower and upper shoulders of the plateau also differ strikingly in contrasting vegeta- tion, and fantastic forms of plant life, such as have not been seen anywhere, were photographed and adequately collected in series of duplicates. A number of genera new to science were found here. Conspicuous elements of the flora were: peculiar pitcher plants (Heliamphora); giant purple bladderworts (Utricularia humboldtii), with flowers the size of sweet peas, growing as epiphytes in the water- filled bases of the giant bromeliad Brocchinia tatei; peculiar species of the fern Pterozonium; the endemic bromeliad genera, Navia, Brocchinia, and Connellia; century-plant-like Aholboda sceptrum with needle-tipped rosettes of silvery dagger-shaped leaves; several species of the endemic ericaceous Tepuia; many strange species of the yellow-flowered Stegolepis and Rapatea; restricted forms of melas- tomes; rubiacs; woody members of the gentian family; many kinds of pipeworts (Eriocaulaceae) ; yellow stargrasses (Xyris) ; Ilex; Podo- carpus; Drimys; and Magnolia; as well as numerous species of orchids and ferns and many peculiar genera of Compositae. A total of 1,500 numbers amounting to 10,000 specimens of plants was collected. So much time was required to reach the summit that it was possible to devote only one week to collecting on the summit itself, and, because the mountain is very extensive and has many ramifications in its 50-by-40-mile areal surface, only an estimated one-thousandth of its summit-area could be investigated. It is hoped that a more intensive exploration of the weird summit flora can be made while the trails leading to the summit are still intact. Dr. Bassett Maguire and Dr. John Wurdack of New York Botanical Garden explored a section of the Acopan-tepui portion of the Chimanta Massif on the east about the same time that Curator Steyermark carried on his explorations from the west and south. The collections will be combined and the whole series studied as a joint project of New York Botanical Garden and Chicago Natural History Museum. The novelties resulting from these expeditions will be published in a joint report. After returning to the Museum, Curator Steyermark devoted his time to determinations of South American, Central American, and Mexican collections and continued to revise the manuscript of several parts of Flora of Guatemala (Standley and Steyermark). As a result of the study of collections that he made in Venezuela during 1943-45, the third part of Contributions to the Flora of Vene- zuela (Steyermark and collaborators), which contains descriptions and illustrations of new species of the families Ericaceae through 42 A giant purple bladderwort growing as an epiphyte in the water-filled base of a giant bromeliad was photographed in Venezuela by Curator Julian A. Steyermark. Compositae, was published by the Museum in December. The fourth part of this work, a report on species and genera new to Venezuela, together with critical comments on range extensions and ecological notes of the regions visited, is in press. In September the second part of Orchids of Guatemala by the late Professor Oakes Ames (director of the Botanical Museum of Harvard University, 1935-50) and Dr. Donovan Stewart Correll (United States Department of Agriculture, formerly research asso- ciate at the Botanical Museum of Harvard University) was pub- lished by the Museum. Profusely illustrated. Part 2 contains de- scriptions and accounts of sixty genera and their species as repre- sented in Guatemala. The bound edition offered for sale to orchid lovers and horticulturists has been very well received. In the early part of the year John W. Thieret, Chicago Natural History Museum Fellow, Department of Botany, University of Chicago, continued his investigation of seed and fruit morphology, particularly of the Scrophulariaceae, and prepared his dissertation under the direction of Chief Curator Just. Following his appoint- 43 ment as Assistant Curator of Economic Botany in October, he began a revision of the family Scrophulariaceae as represented in Central America. In addition he spent considerable time in reorganizing the Museum's wood collection, which now contains about 41,000 specimens. Mrs. Ann Bigelow, assisted by Robert Yule, completed the labeling of approximately 11,000 specimens (including duplicates) and finished work on the collection of woods of the United States from the College of Forestry of the State University of New York and the identified numbers of the Williams and Krukoff collections of South American woods. In addition, she packed in readiness for sale or exchange over 5,000 duplicate wood-specimens. A large collection of samples of Ecuadorean trees was cut into standard-size wood-specimens by Walter Huebner, Preparator. Dr. Francis Drouet, Curator of the Cryptogamic Herbarium, identified numerous algae and did research, with William A. Daily of the herbarium of Butler University, on the classification of micro- scopic algae. Dr. Hanford Tiffany and Donald Richards, Research Associates in Cryptogamic Botany, continued their studies of Oedo- goniaceae and mosses, respectively. Dr. E. P. Killip, Research Associate in Phanerogamic Botany, spent some time working on the algae of the Isle of Pines and the Florida keys. Dr. Rolf Singer, Guggenheim Fellow, pursued his research on tropical American fungi in the cryptogamic herbarium during the period from January to May. During the summer, W. Jan Newhouse of the University of Hawaii studied the Myxophyceae of the Society Islands, and Dr. Chester S. Nielsen and Dr. Grace C. Madsen of Florida State University studied the algae of Florida. Miss Linda Newton of the British Museum (Natural History), Mrs. Fay K. Daily of Butler University, and Miss Margaret E. Barr of the University of Vancouver each spent a week or more at the Museum in research on various groups of cryptogams. Since 1947 Joshua Daston, Assistant in Botany, has duplicated some 25,000 negatives of the type-photograph collection housed in the Museum. Far larger than any similar collection, the type- photograph collection of the Museum contains at present 41,943 catalogued negatives of type or historical specimens of tropical American plants deposited in the major herbaria of Europe. Pre- pared before World War II during a ten-year period under the supervision of J. Francis Macbride, Curator of Peruvian Botany, the negatives were made on nitrate-base film. Unfortunately a number of these negatives showed signs of deterioration, and there- fore constituted a fire hazard. Their great scientific value made it desirable to convert the entire collection from nitrate-base film to 44 Deteriorated negatives of type-photographs are being replaced by restored negatives through the skillful work Joshua Daston, Assistant in Botany (see opposite page). modern safety-base film. The results obtained by Assistant Daston through skillful use of special physical and chemical methods and processes are phenomenal (see the accompanying illustration). Emil Sella, Curator of Exhibits, left early in the summer with his son Edward on a four-week collecting trip to Tennessee and North Carolina. The last two weeks in June were productively spent in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in the vicinity of Gatlinburg, Tennessee. Working facilities at park headquarters were made available through the courtesy of Edward A. Hummel, park superintendent. Arthur Stupka, park naturalist, gave valuable assistance that saved Curator Sella considerable time and effort in locating and collecting the desired material, leafy branches needed for reproductions to supplement exhibits. Taking advantage of the abundant flowering period of June, some additional specimens were also collected, among them flowering branches of purple rhododen- dron and mountain camellia (Stewartia). The second half of the trip centered in Chapel Hill at the University of North Carolina, where ideal laboratory facilities were offered by Dr. J. N. Couch and generous aid was given by Dr. H. L. Totten. 45 Accessions— Botany The largest gifts this year to the phanerogamic herbarium include 2,545 plant specimens from the Chicago area. Major collections of plants acquired through exchange came from Cuba (1,270), Haiti (438), Honduras (326), Africa (362), Japan (400), and Mexico (134). The 10,000 specimens gathered in 1953 through the Museum's botanical expedition to Venezuela represent the largest single col- lection added to the phanerogamic herbarium. Notable accessions of the cryptogamic herbarium were 2,739 algae of the Hansgirg Collection (gift) and 378 miscellaneous algae (exchange), chiefly Romanian, from the Natural History Museum in Vienna and 2,500 fungi of Michigan purchased from Dr. Rolf Singer, of Nebraska Wesleyan University (see page 44), with the funds provided by Research Associate Richards. During the year 3,268 plants were mounted in the phanerogamic herbarium. Poisoning and mounting was done by Miss Olive Doig, Mrs. Jennie Pletinckx, Miss Maruja Kalinowski, and Nils Siegbahn. Mrs. Effie M. Schugman and Miss Alice Middleton mounted plants in the cryptogamic herbarium. Exhibits— Botany Continuous progress is being made in Charles F. Millspaugh Hall (North American Woods, Hall 26). During the year eight leafy branches were completed and added to the exhibits. Of these, the models of sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua), pecan (Carya pecan), osage orange (Madura pomifera), and chestnut (Castanea dentata) were assembled by Artist-Preparator Samuel H. Grove, Jr., and the branch of ironwood (Ostrya virginiana) and restoration of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) by Curator of Exhibits Sella. Technician Frank Boryca assembled the models of sweet birch (Betula lenta) and willow oak (Quercus phellos) and prepared the necessary foliage for the entire group. The two important installations in Martin A. and Carrie Ryerson Hall (Hall 29, Plant Life) were reproductions of a branch of camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) in the fruiting stage, which was added to the Laurel family exhibit, and a branch of silver-bell in flower (Halesia diptera), a member of the Storax family, prepared, respectively, by Artist-Preparator Grove and Curator Sella. In the Hall of Food Plants (Hall 25) rearranged installations were made of exhibits of some important small grains, including wheat, oats, rice, barley, and rye. In this, Curator Sella was assisted by Preparator Huebner, who also reinstalled the transparencies. 46 Department of Geology Research and Expeditions As reported previously, Bryan Patterson, CuraU.r of Fossil Mam- mals, spent 1952 and the early part of 1953 in Argentina studying type and other specimens of fossil mammals in collections there. For the opportunity to carry out this work thanks are given to the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation and to the authori- ties of Argentine museums, especially the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales and the Museo de la Ciudad Eva Peron (formerly La Plata). While in Argentina, Curator Patterson prepared two papers on fossil mammals, both published in 1953 (see page 77), and others, some in collaboration with Jorge L. Kraghevich of the Museo Argentino, are in preparation. Since his return he has continued working on these and on completing other studies laid aside during his absence. Dr. Rainer Zangerl, Curator of Fossil Reptiles, continued his researches on the vertebrate fauna of the Selma formation of Ala- bama, and the results of his studies on the turtles of the family Protostegidae and Toxochelyidae were published by the Museum during the year. He also completed a paper, "Die Oligocaenen Meerschildkroten von Glarus," to be published early in 1954 in Abhandlungen der Schweizerischen Palaeontologischen Gesellschaft. His current studies, in co-operation with Preparator William D. Turnbull, include a restudy of the Miocene sea-turtle Procalpochelys grandaeva and the genus Catapleura. Another sea-turtle from the Mooreville Chalk of Alabama is also a subject of his present studies and continuing research. Dr. Robert H. Denison, Curator of Fossil Fishes, continued his work on Devonian fishes, of which the Museum now possesses an excellent collection as the result of the field work that he has been conducting during the past several years. His paper on Heterostraci from the Early Devonian of northern Utah was published during the year by the Museum. An opportunity to extend his studies and collecting farther afield was afforded by the award of a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship for 1953 and 1954. During 1953 he worked in Norway and Sweden, comparing North American Devonian material with the unrivaled collections in museums there, and he will devote the first half of 1954 to study and field work in the British Isles. He had planned field work at Beartooth Butte, Wyoming — the outcome of a favorable reconnais- 47 sance made there in 1949 — but his departure for Europe prevented his taking part. In his absence the project was ably carried out by Orville L. Gilpin, Chief Preparator of Fossils, assisted by Preparator Turnbull and Mrs. Priscilla F. Turnbull, Assistant in Fossil Verte- brates. The work of integrating the collections of fossil vertebrates from the University of Chicago into those of the Museum was con- tinued by Mrs. Turnbull, who systematically arranged the Cre- taceous, Eocene, most of the Oligocene, and the Pleistocene mam- mals and also gave attention to the fossil turtles and fishes. Al- though taking proper care of the collection is routine, this work facilitates both research and exhibition and thus forms the valued background for success in the varied activities of the Museum, par- ticularly those connected with research and exhibition. George Langford, Curator of Fossil Plants, has added several new forms of Pennsylvanian plants to the monograph on Pennsyl- vanian flora that he has been preparing for the past few years. During the field season he collected from the Pennsylvanian deposits, west of Wilmington, Illinois, a number of specimens showing large One of the few known skeletons of the spectacular reptile Edaphosaurus is now exhibited in Ernest R. Graham Hall, with illustrations (on wall of case) showing suggestions by paleontologists of the probable function of its weird back-spines. 48 stem-scars hitherto known as Caulopteris and Megaphyton. He beheves that he has secured evidence to conclude, at least for the time being, that they are not scars of branches or stems of fronds but that they represent nut-like fruits growing directly out of the stem, and he will seek further confirmatory evidence during the field season in 1954. He also collected a large number of plant specimens from the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Eocene clays of Tennessee and Mississippi. These specimens, being embedded in friable clay, necessitate careful preparation for their permanent preservation, and a great deal of his time was devoted to the task. Eugene S. Richardson, Jr., Curator of Fossil Invertebrates, continued his studies of Coal Age insects from the strip mines of Will and Grundy counties, Illinois, and completed a manuscript on them in which several new species were described. His studies were based on specimens collected by staff members of the Depart- ment of Geology and on specimens borrowed from other collections. In connection with his studies of the Coal Age fauna of that area he prepared manuscripts on the general occurrence and paleoecology of the fossils, on a new form of marine worm, and on some prob- lematical spirally grooved fossils. Currently he is working on a species of amphineuran mollusk ("sea-mouse") and a rare giant arthropod from the same deposits. His interest in the invertebrate fauna of Will and Grundy counties led him to several brief collecting trips to the strip mines during the field season. Dr. Sharat K. Roy, Chief Curator, devoted much of his time to supervisory work and to writing descriptive labels in connection with the reinstallation of the Hall of Physical Geology (Hall 34). Early in the year he studied the post-eruptive stage of the volcano Paricutin in Mexico and collected in and around the crater a number of specimens that could not have been collected while the volcano was active. While in Mexico he went through various areas in which silver, opal, and onyx mines are located. He continued his studies of meteorites and spent three weeks at the United States National Museum seeking data relating to various problems that had arisen in the course of his work. A paper on fresh-water lime- stone from the Torola Valley of northeastern El Salvador, prepared by him in collaboration with Robert K. Wyant, Curator of Economic Geology, was published by the Museum. It is also to be published in Spanish early in 1954 by the Instituto Tropical de Investigaciones Cientificas, San Salvador. The material upon which the paper is based was collected by Chief Curator Roy in 1951 during his stay in El Salvador as the Museum's representative for research in geology at the Tropical Institute. 49 In the geochemical laboratory, Curator Wyant worked on the separation of schribersite and cohenite by chemical methods in several iron meteorites and made a statistical correlation of trace elements in sedimentary rocks that have undergone metasomatism. In connection with a paper on chondrules (see page 73) he examined the thin sections of chondritic meteorites in the collection of the Museum, prepared about one hundred color microphotographs of various types of chondrules, and, as comparative material, photo- graphed a number of spherulitic forms in obsidian and natural glass. Late in September he visited the United States National Museum, where he conferred with Dr. E. P. Henderson on problems of meteorites and meteorite analyses. Accessions— Geology A portion of the skeleton of an American mastodon found near Michigan City, Indiana, was presented by Ernest Delco, Mrs. D. L. Casey gave a fine skull and jaws of Eporeodon from the John Day formation of Oregon, and an excellent specimen of the uncommon Pennsylvanian amphibian Phlegothontia was found and presented by the Turnbulls. Of special importance to the current studies of Curator Richardson are the gifts of five rare fossil insects from the Pennsylvanian of Illinois, one each from George Langford, Jr., Charles A. Ross, the Turnbulls, Jon Whitfield, and Mrs. Robert H. Whitfield. The largest number of specimens added to the study- collection during the year^265 fossil invertebrates from various lo- calities—came from the collections of Dr. John H. Britts (deceased), of Clinton, Missouri. E. E. Schneider presented a hand specimen of blue opaline quartz porphyry and several small crystals from Texas, and a double strand seed-pearl necklace was the gift of Mrs. Marion Rubens, of Chicago. Exhibits— Geology Nine new exhibits were completed and installed in the new Hall of Physical Geology (Hall 34), bringing the number of exhibits now on display to eighteen. When completed, the hall will contain thirty-seven exhibits. All efforts are being made to present the subject-matter to the public and to students of geology in as lucid and attractive a manner as possible. When specimens seemed in- adequate to explain fully a certain conception, appropriate illustra- 50 tive materials were painted directly on the wall of the exhibition case as a substitute or as a supplement with excellent results. Participating in the program, as before, are Harry E. Changnon, Curator of Exhibits, Miss Maidi Wiebe, Artist, and Henry Horback and Henry U. Taylor, Preparators. Chief Curator Roy acted in a supervisory capacity and wrote the descriptive labels. The skeleton of the reptile Edaphosaurus was remounted by Chief Preparator Gilpin and Preparator Stanley Kuczek and placed in Ernest R. Graham Hall (Hall 38, Fossil Vertebrates). This carried to a suc- cessful conclusion the reinstallation of the magnificent series of Permian amphibian and reptile skeletons included in the gift of fossil vertebrates received from the University of Chicago in 1947. Work has now been resumed on dinosaurs and other reptiles that were laid aside in 1948 when the program of remounting the Permian skele- tons was begun (typical case for these is shown on page 48). This is one of nine new exhibits placed in the Hall of Physical Geology (Hall 34). NATURE OF THE EARTH SHAPE, OUTER ZONES AND SURFACE RELIEF r*CT« ABOUT THe CA9TH .V..^"^ °^ ^«f * THE aiunc or TMC CikKTM ATMOSPHERE 51 Department of Zoology Research and Expeditions In intervals of time salvaged from his administrative duties, Chief Curator Karl P. Schmidt continued his long-term studies of American coral snakes and the herpetological fauna of southwestern Asia and prepared two historical essays, "A Century of Studies in Herpe- tology, 1850-1950," and "A Century of Studies in Animal Ge- ography, 1850-1950," to be published in a centennary volume by the California Academy of Sciences. He made a two-week recon- naissance of Israel, where, with the active aid of colleagues at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, the Biological Institute in Tel Aviv, and of the Teachers Seminary near Haifa, he was able to visit nearly all parts of the country, to see the several distinctive environ- mental provinces, and to see living specimens of Palestinian snakes and lizards long known to him from preserved material. Research in the Division of Mammals has been varied and almost world-wide. Curator Colin Campbell Sanborn continued his special studies of bats and completed reports on small collections of mammals from the Philippines, French Equatorial Africa, Vene- zuela, Peru, and Arabia. Assistant Curator Philip Hershkovitz has undertaken revisions of five genera of South American rodents and is engaged also on a reclassification of New World deer. The Peru Zoological Expedition, 1953-54, of which Celestino Kalinowski, Assistant Taxidermist, is in charge, left in March to make general collections of vertebrates in south-central Peru and reports satis- factory results at the end of the year. Dominick Villa, Tanner, continued his effective care of skins of large mammals and the preparation or reconditioning of smaller specimens, with the aid of Assistant Taxidermist Kalinowski before his departure for Peru. In the Division of Birds the studies of Curator Austin L. Rand on Philippine birds were crystallized in a check list of birds of the archipelago, which was completed at the end of the year, and other studies of North American, Central American, African, and Asiatic birds have resulted in manuscripts in press. In addition he revised the manuscript by Dr. V. G. L. van Someren on habits of East African birds for publication by the Museum. The manuscript of "Handbook of Birds of El Salvador," prepared by Curator Rand (who in 1951 was the Museum's representative in zoology at the Instituto Tropical de Investigaciones Cientificas in San Salvador) and Research Associate Melvin A, Traylor, Jr., was translated into 52 Spanish by the Tropical Institute for pubHcation by the Institute. At the end of the year Curator Rand was in the PhiHppines collecting and studying birds with Field Associate D. S. Rabor. Associate Curator Emmet R. Blake continued his study of neotropical birds, with special reference to Mexican fauna and to Panamanian, Colom- bian, and Bolivian collections, and completed the bibliographic work for the revision of the American jays, blackbirds and allies, and vireos to be published as sections of Peters' Check-List of Birds of the World by Harvard University Press. In May he began a three-month field-survey of Mexican bird-life and, with his own field guide. Birds of Mexico, in hand (see page 78), devoted special attention to problems of distribution, ecological association, and field identification. The departmental carry-all, which provided a mobile base and effective transportation, enabled him to visit twenty- six of the thirty-one Mexican states and all but five of the eighteen recognized biotic provinces, leaving out only the Yucatan and Lower California peninsulas. This journey was, in effect, a recon- naissance of Mexico of great importance to future studies by Ameri- can ornithologists. Mrs. Ellen T. Smith, Associate, who continued her volunteer aid, worked several days each month identifying birds in collections from Borneo. Curator Clifford H. Pope, Curator of Amphibians and Reptiles, continued his study of amphibians and reptiles of Mexico and of salamanders of western North America. He engaged in field studies and collecting in northwestern Mexico, California, and Oregon early in the year and in July took a six-month leave of absence to work on his book on reptiles of the world. Hymen Marx, Assistant, completed a study of the snake genus W alter innesia, described a new Colombian species of the remarkable worm snake Anomalepis, and did bibliographic work for the study-collection of frogs of the Belgian Congo (received from Pares Nacionaux du Congo Beige). He engaged in studies of Bornean reptiles with Robert F. Inger, Assistant Curator of Fishes, and on crocodilians with Dr. Frederick J. Medem, Guggenheim Fellow who, as guest-scholar at the Museum, is studying his own material together with that of the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles (Dr. Medem is Professor ad honorem of the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional, Bogata, Colombia). Miss Laura Brodie, Assistant, continued her study of the autumn aggregation of blue racers in the Indiana dunes. Stanley Rand, of DePauw University, who served as temporary assistant to Chief Curator Schmidt during the summer, worked on problems of Central American herpetology. He had made a collection of am- phibians and reptiles in El Salvador in 1951. 53 The panoramic background on the curved wall behind the specimens in the habitat group of Upper Nile marsh birds was painted by Douglas E. Tibbitts, Illustrator, from a scale-painting made from kodachromes that were taken in the field (Hall 20). In the Division of Fishes Curator Loren P. Woods continued his investigation of the fish fauna of the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent Caribbean waters in regard to geographic and ecological distribution and taxonomy, with particular attention to the little-studied pelagic fishes. He completed a revision of the Western Atlantic fishes of the genus Eques. Assistant Curator Inger continued his studies of Bornean fishes and completed papers for publication on the genera Plesiops and Brachygohius. Study of feeding habits of fishes in tropical streams, begun last year by Inger, was advanced by the aid of Thomas E. Moore and Richard B. Selander, entomologists from Illinois Natural History Survey. In connection with this project the fishes of a local stream are being investigated. Mrs. Marion Grey, Associate, completed her check list of the deep-sea fishes found below one thousand fathoms and her revision of the fish family Gempylidae. The West Indies Zoological Expedition, under direction of Donald Erdman (formerly of the Division of Insects, United States National Museum), made an excellent collection of specimens from the coasts of Panama, Costa Rica, Jamaica, and Haiti that are essential to Curator Woods's studies of fauna of the Gulf of Mexico and Panama. Dr. Edward M. Nelson, of Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, has been studying the anatomy of the swim bladder and inner ear of fishes. 54 Three crowned cranes and a whalc'headed stork dominate the exhibit in Hall 20 of marsh birds of the Upper Nile collected by the Buchen Expedition to East Africa (scene is on the Upper Victoria Nile where it broadens into marshy Lake Kyoga). In the Division of Insects effective support of all branches of work was given by Curator Emeritus William J. Gerhard, whose meticulous care of the pamphlet collection has made this a useful tool of research for the staff and for visiting entomologists (his principal work has been with transfer of the Strecker Collection of moths and butterflies to steel-case storage trays). Dr. Charles H. Seevers, Research Associate, has largely completed revision of his manuscript on the termitophilous staphylinid beetles of the world, to which large additions were made by the study of specimens in the Bernhauer Collection, purchased in 1951. He contributed about fifty days to the integration of this material into our collections and by the end of the year had transferred to unit trays more than 90,000 specimens (about 11,000 species), adding Bernhauer Collec- tion pin labels to each specimen and reorganizing the collection in new drawers and cabinets. It is expected that there will be about 2,000 more described species and perhaps 1,000 undescribed ones in the remaining part of this collection. It is hoped that the transfer may be completed in 1954. Curator Rupert L. Wenzel spent two weeks at eastern museums studying types of beetles of the family Histeridae. Associate Curator Henry S. Dybas, who was engaged mainly in collecting and labeling the minute beetles of the family Ptiliidae and preparing specimens for future study, made field trips 55 This cranefly (enlarged 5 times) is from the collection of insects in Baltic amber acquired by the Museum (note perfect preservation of details of wing venation). to the Kankakee dunes area (where a large series of an undescribed scarab beetle was obtained), Lake Superior region of Upper Michi- gan, Great Smoky Mountains, and Louisiana and Mississippi. August Ziemer, Assistant, continued throughout the year his work of preparing insect specimens. Miss Lillian A. Ross, Associate, continued her studies of local and exotic spiders and, in addition, experimented with photographic and exhibition techniques for the study of spiderwebs. In the Division of Lower Invertebrates there has been a con- tinuing flow of specimens of land and fresh-water mollusks from South America from various sources. Their identification and study by Curator Fritz Haas has led to the description of numerous new species. During August and September he made a field trip to the Pacific Coast, working especially at the Pacific Biological Station at Nanaimo, on Vancouver Island, and in the redwood region of the northern part of California. 56 The major research of the Division of Vertebrate Anatomy again centered on the giant panda and related carnivores. The major problem during the year was formulation of a system for evaluating morphological data that will give an insight into the mechanism whereby structures of use to the organism are produced in evolution. This involves developing a distinctive approach to comparative anatomy, using the giant panda as a test case for new ideas and methods. Curator D. D wight Davis continued his work on a report on the mammals collected by the Borneo Zoological Expedition of 1951, the scope of which work was extended to include new material received during the year. Study of the placenta and fetal mem- branes of the white shrew of Borneo by Curator Davis and Dr. Waldemar Meister, Associate, was completed during the year. William D. Turnbull, Preparator in the Department of Geology, continued his study of adaptive radiation in the masticatory mus- culature of mammals, which is of extreme importance to an under- standing of the bony framework by means of which the muscles operate. Dr. R. M. Strong, Research Associate, continued his studies of the anatomy of birds and salamanders. Mrs. Dorothy B. Foss, Osteologist, prepared skeletons for the reference collection throughout the year, work of interdepartmental value. Curator Davis engaged also in natural-history studies in the local field and, with the aid of Miss Harriet Smith, of Raymond Foundation, and Assistant Brodie, made a connected sequence of motion pictures to be used by Raymond Foundation to introduce children to the animal life of the Chicago region. He prepared, in addition, a 400-foot motion picture (in color) reviewing the biology of the lizards known as chameleons, animals that are remarkable for their specialized adaptations to feeding and locomotion. The specimens for this film were received at the Museum by air-express from Madagascar. Miss Margaret G. Bradbury, Artist in the De- partment of Zoology, prepared drawings of coral snakes, fish larvae and fish skulls, and beetles, all for publication in papers by members of the staff of the department. Accessions— Zoology The purchase of the A. F. Kohlman Collection of insects in Baltic amber amounting to 2,500 specimens is a unique event in the history of the Museum. The collection, obtained from F. E. Trinklein, science teacher at Lutheran High School, Racine, Wisconsin, is the second most important collection of these fossils in the New World, 57 the largest being in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University. Among fossil animals, these ancient insects of about thirty-five million years ago are unique in the perfection of their preservation, which makes it possible to assign them with great accuracy in the system of classification and to relate them to modern forms. Thus they are highly significant in studies of the evolution and of the zoogeography of living insects. The world-wide collection of termites, presented by Dr. Alfred E. Emerson, Research Associate in the Division of Insects, contains approximately 6,500 specimens of 552 species, about 175 of which are represented by type material. The importance to research of such a collection, assembled by the leading authority on the group, is emphasized by the fact that this collection ranks as the fourth or fifth most comprehensive collection of termites in the world. A collection of 80 specimens of crocodilians, which includes one type and 20 paratypes of a new form discovered in Colombia, was presented by Dr. Frederick J. Medem (see page 53). Chief Curator Schmidt has long been interested in this group of animals and by personal efforts in Central America, South America, New Guinea, and the Philippines has built up the Museum's study collection. The gift of the Medem material thus makes the Mu- seum's collection of crocodiles, caimans, and alligators one of the richest in the world. Dr. Harald Sioli, of Belem, Brazil, presented, as in previous years, interesting fresh-water mollusks from regions never before visited by a collector. The generous gift of mammals, birdskins, reptiles, and amphibians from Field Associate Harry Hoogstraal, who is stationed in Cairo, Egypt, includes the first considerable lot of mammals from Turkey to be received by any museum in the United States. One of the programs of the Division of Insects most profitable in scientific results is informal and intradepartmental. This is the program, participated in by the vertebrate zoologists, of collecting the ectoparasites of birds, mammals, and reptiles while on ex- peditions. The staff of the Division of Mammals has been notably co-operative, and as a result of their efforts we have acquired a large number of lice, fleas, parasitic batflies, mites, and ticks, many of them rare or new. We feel that this co-operation is of particular importance, because our field personnel are frequently in a position to collect in areas that are relatively inaccessible or that have re- strictions on collecting that bar the non-museum naturalist. Fur- ther, the entomologist who is interested in the study of these ecto- parasites rarely has the training, facilities, or opportunities (unless he is associated with a public-health organization) that are necessary to collect, preserve, and identify the hosts and parasites. Hence 58 the collecting of these parasites by Museum zoologists not only helps make known many forms that are of great biological interest (frequently of potential medical importance, as well) that would otherwise remain unknown for many years but also insures preserva- tion of the host animal for future verification of its identity, a matter of primary concern in parasitology. Exhibits— Zoology The original plan of Hall 20 (Habitat Groups of Birds) called for an exhibit showing the Upper Nile with the characteristic marsh-birds of its vast papyrus-covered lake shores and swamps. This plan at last has been realized, largely because of the active interest of Walther Buchen, Trustee of the Museum, whose expedition to the Lake Kyoga region of East Africa was reported in 1952 (see Annual Report, page 30). The Nile marsh-bird exhibit fully realizes the function of a museum habitat-group — life-like representation of an important natural habitat with an aggregation of animals in natural association. Taxidermist Ronald J. Lambert made a film showing stages in construction and installation of the exhibit in the Museum, which supplements the film-record made in the field by Mr. Buchen of collecting the birds and accessories. Thus the Mu- seum has for the first time the invaluable record from start to finish of one of its most characteristic operations, the making of a habitat group. In addition to his work on the Nile group Carl W. Cotton, Taxidermist, made progress on panels for the synoptic exhibits. The habitat group of sea otters in an Aleutian setting was completed early in the year and installed in the Hall of Marine Mammals (Hall N). Specimens for this group (a male, female, and pup), obtained by Curator Sanborn in 1952 through co-operation of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, were mounted and ac- cessories prepared by Taxidermist Frank C. Wonder, with back- ground by Douglas E. Tibbitts, Illustrator, and L. L. Pray (formerly of the Museum staff). Preparation of the habitat group of Malay tapirs by Taxidermist Leon L. Walters was well advanced at the end of the year, as was work on artificial vegetation and background in the alcove in William V. Kelley Hall (Hall 17, Asiatic Mammals) where the tapirs are to be exhibited. Taxidermist Lambert rein- stalled four exhibits in Albert W. Harris Hall (Hall 18, Reptiles, Amphibians, and Insects), and a fresh mold and color notes of the remarkable tuatara were made possible by a fresh specimen of this lizard-like reptile of New Zealand that was received from the Chicago 59 Zoological Society. Two new models of fishes (dolphin and pointed- tailed sunfish) were completed by Taxidermist Wonder for Hall 0. An exhibit to illustrate the biology of the marsupials and mono- tremes, being prepared by Artist Joseph B. Krstolich and other members of the staff, was in an advanced stage at the end of the year. This work represents the initiation of a program of greatest importance to Hall 15 (Mammals in Systematic Arrangement) — preparation of anatomical models, mounted specimens, maps, and other materials to show what is interesting and important about the animals in the hall and to explain the meaning of their classification. This major project, which involves the comparative anatomy of mammals, is under the supervision of Curator Davis. A family group of rare northern sea otters from the Aleutians is shown in Hall N. 60 LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM In order that the Library of the Museum may fulfill its primary function of serving members of the Museum staff and other research workers adequately, its policy of acquisition has been carefully planned so that a comprehensive representation of scientific litera- ture in the natural sciences may be provided. During the past year many desiderata were obtained (see a selected list on page 97). The Museum gratefully acknowledges gifts of books, pamphlets, and periodicals presented by individuals and by institutions. We are especially grateful to Langdon Pearse of Winnetka, Illinois, for his outstanding contribution of books on botany and zoology, to the Container Corporation of America for its excellent publication World Geo-Graphic Atlas, to the Chicago Historical Society for Conchology, or the Natural History of Shells by George Perry, and to John Crerar Library for co-operation in contributing to the Mu- seum Library the Concilium Bibliographicum covering the natural sciences. The extremely comprehensive work. Photomicrographs of Meteoric Irons (volumes 8 and 9), so generously contributed by Stuart H. Perry, is of inestimable value to the geology division of the Library. We are equally indebted to other donors (see page 97) for their genuine interest in the Library as shown by their gifts. A total of 1,872 volumes was added to the collection by purchase, gift, and exchange. The number of volumes withdrawn under re- classification totaled 466, including duplicates and books not needed by the Library. Some of this material was exchanged for wanted items or sold and the proceeds added to the annual book-budget. During the year the Library concluded the sale (through competitive bids) of duplicate volumes from the collection of ornithological literature bequeathed to the Library by the late Boardman Conover, Trustee of the Museum and Research Associate in the Division of Birds, and added the proceeds to the Conover Game-Bird Fund. The re-establishment of the Division of Asiatic Archaeology and Ethnology brings with it new demands on the Library's resources. Arrangements have been made with sources in Hong Kong for Chi- nese publications, Japanese publications are already being received by purchase and through exchange, and, if there is further need for Asiatic publications, additional sources may have to be discovered. The important work of cataloguing the vast collection of Orientalia, bequeathed to the Library by the late Dr. Berthold Laufer, has been held in abeyance because of the urgency of first completing the reclassification of the Library's main collection according to the Library of Congress system and because Library of Congress cards 61 for books in the Chinese and Japanese languages have not been available. The question of standardizing the cataloguing of such publications has been referred by the Library of Congress to the Division of Cataloguing and Classification of the American Library Association, and it is hoped that printed cards will be available by the time that the work of classifying this entire collection is under- taken. Classification of selected material from the Laufer bequest will be performed concurrently, during the coming year, with the regular reclassification. Assistance in this difficult task has been assured the Library by M. Kenneth Starr, Curator of Asiatic Archaeology and Ethnology, who has kindly offered to work in close co-operation on this project with the cataloguing department. During the year 4,709 volumes were classified and 18,650 cards were added to the catalogue, which brings the total number of volumes under the Library of Congress classification to 40,993. The new card-catalogue is represented by the inclusion of 104,015 cards. In addition, monographs during the year were covered by 1,547 analytics. Inasmuch as reclassification is performed concurrently with cataloguing and classification of incoming material, it is esti- mated that the program of reclassification may reach completion in another five to seven years. Work in the preparation of material for binding has gone well. The major portion of the collection in the Library consists of serial publications, which, in fact, make up the most important part of the collections of any research library because they serve to dissemi- nate important and timely information rapidly. Much of the data in periodical literature is continued in subsequent issues and so serials should be kept together in bound volumes. However, before such material is sent to a commercial bindery, many mechanical steps are necessary. In our Library, where the bulk of material to be bound consists of serials in foreign languages, the instruction slips accompanying each volume must be carefully prepared. All volumes are examined to determine that no pages are missing or mutilated. If title pages, tables of contents, and indexes are lacking, they are acquired from the publisher, and decision must be made whether supplements are to be bound in as paged or at the end of the volume. The bindery is furnished with proper instructions for panel positions and form of essential information to be printed on the spines of the volumes, and, in order to maintain uniformity for serial publications, color charts are kept. The fact that not one volume in the entire lot prepared for binding during this past year has been returned for correction has reduced the cost of binding considerably. During the year 1,478 volumes were bound. 62 Records in the reading room show the actual use of 2,908 volumes as specifically requested by Museum patrons. The many telephone calls recieved weekly from outside the building by the reference librarian indicate recognition of the Library's research facilities and show the importance of this service. Many inquiries, both from outside the Museum and from patrons visiting the Library, require assiduous research. One hundred and seventy-seven pieces of cor- respondence were received in the Library for translation into English. The service of interlibrary loans continues to occupy a consider- able portion of the Library's program. During the year, 110 vol- umes were borrowed and 128 lent. Substitution of microfilm and photostats for material difficult to obtain was increased because this eliminated reloaning and reborrowing needed material. The Museum gratefully acknowledges the courtesy and co-operation of all libraries participating in this service. The Library continues to be engaged with the Division of Publications in a review of all agreements for exchange of publications made before 1947 with other institutions or individuals in order to bring the lists of publications exchanged up to date. Important new agreements are being estab- lished at home and abroad so that timely data covering the develop- ments and results of scientific progress in the Museum's areas of interest may be provided. PHOTOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATION During the year Douglas E. Tibbitts, Staff Illustrator, worked into an entirely new field. With the assistance of Leon L. Pray, who had recently retired from the staff of the Museum, he prepared backgrounds for the sea-otter exhibit and for the splendid Nile marsh-bird group and made a beginning on the background for the exhibit of Malay tapirs, which should be completed next year (see page 59). In the regular routine of his work he prepared illustrations for Curator Donald Collier's report on the Viru Valley of Peru, for Curator Bryan Patterson's study on early Cretaceous mammals, and for two series of "Museum Stories" by members of Raymond Foundation. In addition, of course, were the usual requirements for maps, labels, and various other illustrations. Increased demands on the Division of Photography were reflected in the total of 21,395 negatives, prints, enlargements, and lantern slides prepared during the year. The growing need of publishers of textbooks and other reference works for good illustrative material is being met through the facilities of the Museum. 63 PUBLICATIONS AND PRINTING A total of 21,763 publications of the Museum was sent to other scientific institutions during the year in exchange for their publica- tions, and fifteen new agreements for exchange were established (see page 63). Sales of publications were the highest in the history of the Museum, fifteen per cent greater than the previous year. The number of publications sold was 49,641. The Museum printed during the year twenty-three publications in its scientific series, two (one reprint) in its popular series, one in its memoirs series, one in its technical series, one annual report, and one index to volumes. The total number of copies printed was 39,515, of which 38,615 copies were printed by letterpress, with a total of 1,248 pages of type composition, and 900 copies were printed by the Vari-type-offset process, with a total of 230 pages of Vari- type composition. Twelve numbers of Chicago Natural History Museum Bulletin were printed, averaging 6,050 copies an issue. Other work by letterpress included posters, price lists, lecture schedules. Museum labels, post cards. Museum stationery, and specimen tags, totaling 882,199 impressions. Two series of "Museum Stories" and miscellaneous work by the Vari-type-offset process totaled 596,384 impressions. The following publications were issued by Chicago Natural History Museum during 1953: DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY Braidwood, Robert J. Prehistoric Men, Popular Series, Anthropology, no. 37, 118 pages, 28 illustra- tions (reprint) RowELL, Alfred Lee A New Method of Making Foliage for Miniature Dioramas, Fieldiana : Tech- nique, no. 7, 9 pages, 5 illustrations Thompson, J. Eric S. The Civilization of the Mayas, Popular Series, Anthropology, no. 25, 98 pages, 37 illustrations DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY Ames, Oakes, and Donovan Stewart Correll Orchids of Guatemala, Fieldiana: Botany, vol. 26, no. 2, 432 pages, 91 illustrations Steyermark, Julian A., and Collaborators Contributions to the Flora of Venezuela, Fieldiana: Botany, vol. 28, no. 3, 230 pages, 51 illustrations 64 DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Denison, Robert H. Early Devonian Fishes from Utah, Part II, Heterostraci, Fieldiana: Geology, vol. 11, no. 7, 67 pages, 24 illustrations McGrew, Paul 0. A New and Primitive Early Oligocene Horse from Trans-Pecos Texas, Fieldiana: Geology, vol. 10, no. 15, 5 pages, 1 illustration Roy, Sharat Kumar, and Robert Kriss Wyant Fresh-water Limestone from the Torola Valley, Northeastern El Salvador, Fieldiana: Geology, vol. 10, no. 16, 19 pages, 15 illustrations Zangerl, Rainer The Vertebrate Fauna of the Selma Formation of Alabama. Part III, The Turtles of the Family Protostegidae. Part IV, The Turtles of the Family Toxochelyidae, Fieldiana: Geology Memoirs, vol. 3, nos. 3 and 4, 249 pages, 4 plates, 43 illustrations DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY Baisas, Francisco E., and Pablo Feliciano Philippine Zoological Expedition, 191t6-19It7, Notes on Philippine Mosquitoes, XIII, Four New Species of Zeugnomyia and Topmyia, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 33, no. 3, 21 pages, 5 illustrations Blake, Emmet R. A Colombian Race of Tinamus osgoodi, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 18, 2 pages Davis, D. Dwight Behavior of the Lizard Corythophanes cristatus, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 35, no. 1, 14 pages, 10 illustrations Haas, Fritz Mollusks from Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 20, 7 pages, 4 illustrations Inger, Robert F. A New Fish from North Borneo, Genus Tetraodon, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 11, 4 pages, 1 illustration Marx, Hymen A New Worm Snake from Colombia, Genus Anomalepis, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 17, 2 pages The Elapid Genus of Snakes, Walterinnesia, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 16, 8 pages, 4 illustrations Mbister, Waldemar, and D. Dwight Davis Placentation of a Primitive Insectivore, Echinosorex gymnura, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 35, no. 2, 30 pages, 24 illustrations (1 two-color) Rand, Austin L. A New Barbet from French Indo-China, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 21, 2 pages Notes on Flycatchers of Genv^ Batis, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 10, 16 pages Rand, Austin L., and Robert L. Fleming A New Fruit Pigeon from Nepal, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 19, 2 pages 65 DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY (continued) Sanborn, Colin Campbell, and Harry Hoogstraal Some Mammals of Yemen and Their Ectoparasites, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 23, 24 pages Schmidt, Karl P. Amphibians and Reptiles of Yemen, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 24, 9 pages, 1 illustration A Visit to Karewa Island, Home of the Tuatara, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 12, 12 pages, 4 illustrations Hemprich's Coral Snake, Micrurus hemprichi, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 13, 6 pages, 2 illustrations The Amazonian Coral Snake, Micrurus spixi, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 14, 10 pages, 3 illustrations SoLEM, Alan Marine and Fresh-water Mollusks of the Solomon Islands, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 22, 15 pages Trapido, Harold A New Frog from Panama, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 15, 7 pages, 2 illustrations ADMINISTRATIVE PUBLICATIONS Report of the Director to the Board of Trustees for the Year 1952, 138 pages, 22 illustrations This view of the exhibition cases in Charles F. Millspaugh Hall shows branches of various species that are being added to the exhibits of North American trees. 66 CO-OPERATION WITH OTHER INSTITUTIONS Research projects in which the Museum has been co-operating with other scientific institutions include a wide variety of activities. Some of them, undertaken in co-operation with museums and uni- versities throughout the world, are mentioned in the reports of our scientific departments. Also, the ever-increasing importance of the Museum's scientific collections is clearly indicated by the increasing number of notable scholars who come here from all over the world for study (see reports of the scientific departments for names of some of them). The imposing lists of visitors to the Department of Botany and the Department of Zoology, particularly, emphasize the fact that the important collections assembled by the great museums of the world are in every sense study-collections and not merely material in storage. Prince Akihito of Japan was an honored visitor at the Museum during his stay in Chicago on his recent tour of the United States. Dr. Bruno Molajoli, Director of Fine Arts for the District of Cam- pania, Italy, and Mrs. Molajoli spent a day at the Museum in sur- veying the exhibits and in conferring with members of the staff. Miss Katharine Bartlett visited the Museum to study the methods of organizing and classifying books in our Library in preparation for a new library at the Museum of Northern Arizona. George B. Thompson, Keeper of the Division of Ethnography, Belfast Mu- nicipal Museum and Art Gallery, Belfast, Ireland, who was in the United States on a Fulbright Fellowship, came to Chicago for the sole purpose of studying our museum and exhibition techniques in anthropology and spent four months here that were very profitable to us as well as to him. Professor H. Stiibel, of Erlangen University in Bavaria, Germany, student of non-Chinese peoples of China who also was here on a Fulbright Fellowship, spent several months in intensive study of our collections and of material in our Library. Among others who used the anthropological study-collections were John C. Ewers, United States National Museum; Dr. Jorge Lines, University of Costa Rica; Donald Marshall, Peabody Museum; and Dr. George K. Newmann, Indiana University. Botanists from other institutions who visited the Museum for consultation or study include Professor J. Lanjouw, Utrecht, Nether- lands; Dr. Karl Rechinger, Natural History Museum, Vienna; Dr. Amar Joshi, Jullundur, India; Dr. John D. Dwyer, St. Louis Uni- versity; Dr. Charles Thom, Port Jefferson, New York; Dr. George H. Coons, United States Department of Agriculture; Dr. Chester A. Arnold, Dr. Rogers McVaugh, and Dr. Warren H. Wagner, Uni- 67 Dr. Frederick J. Medem, from Colombia, studies South American crocodilians in the Museum laboratories (Hymen Marx, Assistant, Division of Reptiles, at right). versity of Michigan; Dr. Pedro S. Coronado, University of San Marco, Lima, Peru; Dr. and Mrs. Louis O. Williams, Escuela Agricola Panamericana, Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Felix McBryde, United States Bureau of Census; Dr. Leonard R. Wilson, University of Massachusetts; Boughton Cobb, New Haven, Connecticut; Dr. Vladimir Krajina, University of British Columbia; Dr. Finnur Gudmundsson, Reykjavik, Iceland; Dr. William Spackman, Penn- sylvania State College; Dr. Sidney Glassman and Dr. Paul C. Silva, University of Illinois; Dr. Aaron J. Sharp, University of Tennessee; Dr. Chester S. Nielsen and Dr. Grace C. Madsen, Florida State University; Dr. Conrad V. Morton and Dr. E. P. Killip, United States National Museum; Dr. Hugh litis and Dr. D wight H. Moore, University of Arkansas; Dr. Bassett Maguire, New York Botanical Garden; Dr. Richard W. Holm, Stanford University; Dr. Edgar T. Wherry, University of Pennsylvania; Dr. Emery H. Moore and Dr. Richard P. Korf, Cornell University; Dr. Wilbur Duncan, 68 University of Georgia; Dr. Ralph A. Lewin, Halifax, Nova Scotia; Dr. Olav Gjaerevoll, Trondheim, Norway; Dr. Tobias Lasser, Caracas, Venezuela; John Thomas Howell, California Academy of Sciences; Dr. Robert Thorne, University of Iowa; George A. Huggins, Baltimore; Dr. PYanz Ippisch, Guatemala City; Dr. Alfred F. Traverse, United States Bureau of Mines; Oren C. Durham, Abbott Laboratories; Dr. George B. Cummins, Purdue University; Dr. G. F. Frankton and Dr. William G. Dore, Department of Agriculture (Canada); Dr. Mary Belle Allen, Hopkins Marine Station; Dr. Daniel T. Jackson, United States Army Corps of Engineers; Dr. Maxine Larisey, Medical College of the State of South Carolina; Dr. William A. Cassel, School of Medicine, University of Pennsyl- vania; Dr. Herman Silva Forest, College of William and Mary; Dr. Albert W. Herre, University of Washington; Dr. Robert F, Burrow, Marine Laboratory, University of Miami; Dr. Angel Mal- donado, Laboratorios Maldonado, Lima, Peru; Dr. T. V. Desi- kachary. University of Saugor, Saugor, India; Dr. FVed A. Barkley, Nepera Chemical Company; Dr. Eula Whitehouse, Southern Metho- dist University; Dr. Elva Lawton, Hunter College; Dr. Lee Bonar, University of California; Dr. C. C. Palmiter, Richland, Washington; Dr. Ivan L. Ophel, Chalk River, Ontario: Dr. John D. Dodd, Iowa State College; Dr. Asbjorn Ousdal, Micro-fossil Laboratory; Dr. Teofilo Herrera, University of Mexico; Norman W. Radford, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario; and William Bridge Cooke, United States Health Center, Cincinnati. Dr. Tor Orvig, of Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden, spent several weeks studying the collections of primitive fishes in the Department of Geology and discussing problems of their history with Dr. Robert H. Denison, Curator of Fossil Fishes. Dr. T. M. Stout, of Nebraska State Museum, University of Nebraska, paid a brief visit to look at fossil beavers, and Dr. Claude W. Hibbard came from University of Michigan to examine Pleistocene rodents. Dr. Henry Anson Wylde and Dr. Hildegard Howard, of Los Angeles County Museum, visited our Museum to study exhi- bition techniques in paleontology. Visiting zoologists who consulted with the staff or spent some time in examination of our zoological collections include Dr. Oliver P. Pearson and Dr. Carl Koford, University of California; Dr. G. E. Erikson, Harvard Medical School; Carlos Bumzeham, Dr. E. L. Du Brul, Dr. D. F. Hoffmeister, T. E. Moore, and R. B. Selander, University of Illinois; Mr. and Mrs. Sydney Anderson, Dr. Rollin Baker, and Dr. E. R. Hall, University of Kansas; E. V. Komarek, Birdsong Plantation, Thomasville, Georgia; Salim Ali, Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay, India; Jean Delacour, Los Angeles County Museum; Byron E. Harrell, University of Minnesota; William H. Phelps, Caracas, Venezuela; Dr. Finn Salomonsen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Dr. Charles G. Sibley, Cornell University; Dr. Alexander Wetmore, United States National Mu- seum; Dr. Georg Haas, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Dr. Walter C. Brown and Dr. Orlando Park, Northwestern University; Jay Savage, Stanford University; Dr. Sherman A. Minton, Jr., Medical Center, Indiana University; Dr. Robert R. Miller, Dr. Robert W. Storer, Alan Solem, and W. R. Taylor, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan; Henry Hildebrand, University of Texas; Dr. R. L. Araujo, Instituto Biologico, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Dr. Joseph Camin, Chicago Academy of Sciences; Dr. Sidney Cam- ras, Chicago; Dr. Ashley B. Gurney, United States Department of Agriculture; Dr. E. S. Ross, California Academy of Sciences; Harold Hansen, Dr. Herbert H. Ross, and Lewis Stannard, Illinois Natural History Survey; Martin Brown, D. F. Hardwick, R. Lambert, J. F. McAlpine, L. A. Miller, S. G. Walley, and H. B. Wressell, Department of Agriculture (Canada); Dr. F. Monros, Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucuman, Argentina; Father Albricht, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University; William J. Beecher, Chicago; and Dr. J. Linsley Gressitt, Yoshida Kondo, and Donald Mitchell, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Dr. Ortrud Schuster, of Senckenberg Museum in Frankfort-am-Main and of Instituto Tropical de Investigaciones Cientificas in San Salvador, spent two months in our Museum under the supervision of D. D wight Davis, Curator of Vertebrate Anatomy, preparing cleared specimens of lizards for her study of the mechanics of locomotion. Several members of our scientific staff devote a portion of their time to lecturing and to supervising the studies of graduate or undergraduate students who carry on special studies at the Museum. George I. Quimby, Curator of Exhibits in Anthropology, gave a seminar on Eskimo ethnology and prehistory at the Museum for the University of Chicago during the winter quarter and, with Donald Collier, Curator of South American Archaeology and Eth- nology, gave a course on the ethnology of North and South America at the University of Chicago during the spring quarter. Dr. Theodor Just, Chief Curator of Botany, conducted a seminar at the Univer- sity of Notre Dame; Dr. Karl P. Schmidt, Chief Curator of Zoology, gave four lectures at Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Robert F. Inger, Assistant Curator of Fishes, lectured at the University of Chicago; and Curator Davis gave a series of four lectures at Cali- fornia Institute of Technology. 70 The quite inoffensive common American tarantula tliat is pictured above lives so very well in captivity that it lends itself admirably to studies of spider behavior. Individual students from De Paul University, University of Chicago, Chicago Teachers College, National College of Education, North Central College, Northwestern University, Roosevelt College, Valparaiso University, and Wheaton College as well as from more distant colleges and universities used the Museum as a source of information, and various classes (for example, the large group from McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario) visited the scientific departments and inspected the laboratories, workrooms, and her- baria. Art schools, among them Academy of Applied Arts, Chicago Academy of Fine Arts, Institute of Design, and School of the Art Institute of Chicago, use the Museum regularly for supervised study and class work, and in the summer the Museum presents a special showing in Stanley Field Hall of work by students from the School of the Art Institute. For its co-operation in a study-work-and-earn plan for college students, our Museum was awarded a certificate of recognition by Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio. Students at Antioch College divide their school year between periods of formal classroom work on the campus and on-the-job training in factories, business offices, and institutions all over the country. The Museum has been par- ticipating in this program since 1946 and, under this co-operative plan, has given temporary employment to seventy-two students during the past eight years. Fourteen young men and women from Antioch College were employed by the Museum in 1953 in its scientific departments and Library. 71 ACTIVITIES OF STAFF MEMBERS IN SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES In order to be abreast of scientific research in allied institutions it is essential that members of our scientific staff keep closely in touch with the scientific societies working in their fields of interest. Our Museum is always well represented at the annual meetings of the societies, and our staff members carry their full share of the duties and responsibilities of membership. Dr. Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator of Anthropology, Donald Collier, Curator of South American Archaeology and Ethnology, and Miss Elaine Bluhm, Assistant in Archaeology, attended the annual meetings of the American Anthropological Association in Tucson, Arizona, where Chief Curator Martin and Curator Collier presented papers. Dr. John B. Rinaldo, Assistant Curator of Archaeology, George I. Quimby, Curator of Exhibits, Curator Collier, and Assistant Bluhm attended concurrent meetings in Urbana, Illinois, of the Society for American Archaeology (of which Curator Quimby was elected first vice-president) and the Central States Anthropological Society (of which Curator Collier was elected president). Chief Curator Martin and Assistant Curator Rinaldo attended the Pecos Conference on Southwestern archaeology at the Museum of Northern Arizona at Flagstaff. Dr. Theodor Just, Chief Curator of Botany, presided at a sym- posium on "Taxonomy, Ecology, and Stratigraphy of Tertiary Angiosperms" sponsored by the Paleobotanical and the Systematic sections of the Botanical Society of America and co-sponsored by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists and the Society for the Study of Evolution at the annual meetings of the American Institute of Biological Sciences in Madison, Wisconsin (he was elected vice- president for 1954 of the Society for the Study of Evolution). He attended meetings of the Divisional Committee of Biological Sciences of the National Science Foundation in Washington and served as chairman of the Committee on Paleobotany of the Division of Earth Sciences of the National Research Council, as chairman of the Committee on Generic Synopses appointed by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists, and as a member of the Committee on Guidance appointed by the Botanical Society of America. Dr. Jose Cuatrecasas (see page 40) also attended the annual meetings of the American Institute of Biological Sciences. Dr. Earl E. Sherff, Research Associate in Systematic Botany, presided as chair- man of the Linnaean Symposium, sponsored by the American 71 Society of Plant Taxonomists and Systematic Section of the Bo- tanical Society of America as part of the meetings of the American Institute of Biological Sciences. Dr. Sharat K. Roy, Chief Curator of Geology, Bryan Patterson, Curator of Fossil Mammals, and Robert K. Wyant, Curator of Economic Geology, attended the annual meetings in Boston of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, where Curator Patterson read a paper on the history of non-hominid primates in the Old World and where Chief Curator Roy and Curator Wyant, in a symposium on origin of meteorites, presented a paper (illustrated by color-slides) on the composition, structure, and probable origin of chondrules in stony meteorites. The three men also attended the meetings in Toronto of the Geological Society of America, and Curator Patterson and Curator Wyant attended the concurrent meetings of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. Curator Patterson, with Orville L. Gilpin, Chief Preparator of Fossils, Preparator William D. Turnbull, and Assistant Priscilla F. Turnbull, took part in a field conference of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in Uinta Basin, Utah. Eugene S. Richardson, Jr., Curator of Fossil Invertebrates, attended the meetings of the North Central Branch of the Entomological Society of America in St. Louis, of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science in Annville, and of the Illinois Academy of Science in Macomb and presented technical papers at each meeting. Dr. Karl P. Schmidt, Chief Curator of Zoology, represented the Museum and the National Research Council at the Fourteenth International Congress in Copenhagen in August, where he served as chairman of the section on zoological nomenclature. Mrs. Marion Grey, Associate in the Division of Fishes, who had been invited to attend the Congress to take part in a colloquium on problems of the deep sea, spoke on fishes found below two thousand meters. In November Dr. Austin L. Rand, Curator of Birds, represented the Museum at the Eighth Pacific Science Congress in Manila. Colin Campbell Sanborn, Curator of Mammals, attended the meetings of the American Society of Mammalogists held in New York, where he was elected a director and appointed chair- man of the committee on nomenclature. Loren P. Woods, Curator of Fishes, Robert F. Inger, Assistant Curator of Fishes, and D. Dwight Davis, Curator of Vertebrate Anatomy, attended the annual meetings in New York of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, where Curator Woods was elected a member of the joint committee of the Society and the American Fisheries Society on common names of fishes, and where Curator Davis was 73, Cleaning and painting Stanley Field Hall and adjacent vistas were undertakings of such magnitude that a special working crew as well as scaffolding was needed. 74 appointed chairman of the publication committee for the Society's new edition of A Check List of Amphibians and Reptiles. Curator Woods and Assistant Curator Inger attended also the meetings in Macomb of the Illinois Academy of Science and a conference on research in the Upper Lakes held at Douglas Lake, Michigan. Curator Davis was invited to present a paper as part of a symposium conducted by Section H during the meetings in Boston of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and he also attended the meetings at the College of Medicine, University of Illinois, of regional anatomists. Henry S. Dybas, Associate Curator of Insects, and Dr. Charles H. Seevers, Research Associate, attended the meetings in St. Louis of the North Central Branch of the En- tomological Society of America, and Rupert L. Wenzel, Curator of Insects, attended the meetings in Philadelphia of the Eastern Branch of the Society. Dr. Fritz Haas, Curator of Lower Invertebrates, represented the Museum at the meetings in Lawrence, Kansas, of the American Malacological Union. Miss Miriam Wood, Chief of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation, attended the meetings in Buffalo of the American Association of Museums and presented before the Inter- national Relations Section a report on the international seminar on the role of museums in education that was sponsored by UNESCO in 1952 (Miss Wood was chairman of the delegation representing the United States in the seminar). Miss Wood and Miss Harriet Smith, Guide-Lecturer of Raymond Foundation, attended meetings in Chicago of the Educational Film Library Association and the National Audio- Visual Association. As usual, the meetings in Chi- cago of the various professional library associations were attended by Mrs. Meta P. Howell, Librarian, and members of the staff of the Library. Chief Curator Just continued as editor of Lloydia (quarterly journal of biological science published by Lloyd Library and Mu- seum, Cincinnati), as editor of Paleohotanical Report (published by the Division of Earth Sciences of the National Research Council), and as member of the editorial board of American Journal of Botany (official publication of the Botanical Society of America). Dr. Rainer Zangerl, Curator of Fossil Reptiles, continued as foreign- news editor and Assistant Turnbull as a regional editor of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology News Bulletin. Chief Curator Schmidt continued as a section editor of Biological Abstracts (pub- lished under the auspices of the Union of American Biological Societies) and as a consulting editor for American Midland Naturalist (published by the University of Notre Dame). 75 Publications of members of the scientific staff during 1953 besides those issued by Chicago Natural History Museum include the following articles and reviews in various journals: DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY Collier, Donald Review of Red Man's America (by Ruth M. Underbill), The Art of Ancient Peru (by Heinrich U. Doering), Digging Beyond the Tigris (by Linda Braid- wood), Amazon Town: A Study of Man in the Tropics (by Charles Wagley), Anthropology Today: An Encyclopedic Inventory (edited by A. L. Kroeber), The Primitive World and Its Transformations (by Robert Redfield), in The University of Chicago Magazine, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 22-23 Martin, Paul S. "Further Discoveries in Pine Lawn Valley," Archaeology, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 217-220 RiNALDO, John B. Review of Excavations in Big Hawk Valley, Wupatki National Monument, 1 Arizona (by Watson Smith), in El Palacio, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 161-163 DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY CUATRECASAS, JOSE "Neue und bemerkenswerte andine Compositen," Feddes Repertorium, vol. 55, no. 2-3, pp. 120-153 "New Taxa in the Genus Diplostephium," Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, vol. 80, no. 5, pp. 401-408 "Senecioneae andinae novae," Collectanea Botanica, vol. 3, pp. 261-307 Just, Theodor "Generic Synopses and Modern Taxonomy," Chronica Botanica, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 103-114 Report of the Committee on Paleobotany, Number 23, mimeographed (Wash- ington D.C.: National Research Council), 33 pages "The Present Status of Plant Taxonomy," in Conference on the Importance and Needs of Systematics in Biology, mimeographed (Washington, D.C.: National Research Council), pp. 38-43 Review of Geschichte der Pflanzen (by Walter Zimmermann), in Quarterly Review of Biology, vol. 28, no. 3, p. 290 Review of Gray's Manual of Botany, eighth (centennial) edition (by Merritt Lyndon Fernald), in Quarterly Review of Biology, vol. 28, no. 3, p. 294 Review of Grundlagen und Methoden einer Erneurung der Systematik der Hoheren Pflanzen (by Franz Buxbaum), in Quarterly Review of Biology, vol. 28, no. 3, p. 294 Review of Lehrbuch der Allgemeinen Botanik. Band I. Morphologic, Anatomie und Vererbungslehre (by Hermann Ullrich and August Arnold), in Quarterly Review of Biology, vol. 28, no. 3, p. 293 Review of Lehrbuch der Botanik filr Hochschulen, twenty-fifth revised edition (by Hans Fitting, Walter Schumacher, Richard Harder, and Franz Firbas), in Quarterly Review of Biology, vol. 28, no. 3, p. 293 Review of Native Orchids of North America — North of Mexico (by Donovan Stewart Correll), in Quarterly Review of Biology, vol. 28, no. 3, p. 295 76 Sherff, Earl E. "Further Notes on the Genus Tetraplasandra A. Gray (fam. Araliaceae) in the Hawaiian Islands," in Botanical Leaflets (published by the author), no. 8, pp. 2-13 "Further Notes upon the Flora of the Hawaiian Islands," in Botanical Leaflets (published by the author), no. 9, pp. 1-10 "Notes on Certain Coreopsideae (Bidens L. and Coreopsis L.) of Mexico and Southeastern Africa," in Botanical Leaflets (published by the author), no. 9, pp. 10-14 "Notes on Miscellaneous Dicotyledonous Plants," in Botanical Leaflets (pub- lished by the author), no. 8, pp. 13-26 Standley, Paul C. "El Mombre de la Pimienta Gorda de Centro America," Ceiba, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 171-172 "Eremogeton, a New Generic Name (Scrophulariaceae)," Ceiba, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 172-173 [with Louis O. Williams] "New Species of Carex from Guatemala," Ceiba, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 62-68 [with Julian A. Steyermark] "Plantae Centrali — Americanae, V," Ceiba, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 187-220 [with Louis O. Williams] "Un Desmodium Extrano," Ceiba, vol. 3, no. 3, p. 223 Steyermark, Julian A. "A New Meliosma from the Colombian Andes," Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, vol. 80, no. 6, p. 500 "Another Coastal Plain Relict in the Missouri Ozark Region," Rhodora, vol. 55, no. 649, pp. 15-17 "A Second Species of Schismocarpus," Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, vol. 80, no. 2, p. 138 "Color Form of Helianthus mollis," Rhodora, vol. 55, no. 651, p. 108 "Dodecatheon amethystinum and Forma Margaritaceum in the Missouri Ozarks," Rhodora, vol. 55, no. 654, pp. 226-228 "Elymus riparius in Illinois," Rhodora, vol. 55, no. 652, p. 156 "The Discovery and Destruction of Callicarpa americana in Missouri," Rhodora, vol. 55, no. 655, pp. 238-241 Thieret, John W. "A Genetic Study of Complementary Genes for Purple Lemma, Palea, and Pericarp in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)," Agronomy Journal, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 182-185 [with R. W. Woodward] DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Patterson, Bryan "Notas acerca del craneo de un ejemplar juvenil de Mesotherium cristatum Serr.," Revista del Museo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales y Tradicional de Mar del Plata, vol. 1, pp. 71-78 "Un nuevo y extraordinario marsupial deseadiano," Revista del Museo Muni- cipal de Ciencias Naturales y Tradicional de Mar del Plata, vol. 1, pp. 39-44 Richardson, Eugene S., Jr. "Distributional Aspects of Paleozoic Insects" (abstract). Proceedings, Eighth Annual Meeting, North Central States Branch, American Entomological Society, pp. 38-39 "Techniques in Studying Pennsylvanian Insects," Proceedings of the Penn- sylvania Academy of Science, vol. 27, pp. 159-161 77 DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY Blake, Emmet Reid Birds of Mexico, A Guide for Field Identification (University of Chicago Press), xxix+644 pages, 330 illustrations (1 in color) by Douglas E. Tibbitts Grey, Marion "Fishes of the Family Gempylidae, with Records of Nesiarchus and Epinnula from the Western Atlantic and Descriptions of Two New Subspecies of Epin- nula orientalis," Copeia, 1953, no. 3, pp. 135-141 Hershkovitz, Philip "Zorilla I. Geoffroy and Spilogale Gray, Generic Names for African and American Polecats, Respectively," Journal of Mammalogy, vol. 34, pp. 378-382 Marx, Hymen "Atractaspis (Moleviper), a New Record for Egypt," Copeia, 1952, pp. 278-279 Rand, Austin L. "Factors Affecting Feeding Rates of Anis," Auk, vol. 70, pp. 26-30 "Geographical Variation in the Laughing Thrush, Garrulax affinis," Natural History Miscellanea, no. 116, pp. 1-6 "The Systematic Position of the Genera Ramphocaenus and Microbates," Auk, vol. 70, pp. 334-337 [with Melvin A. Traylor, Jr.] "Use of Snake Skins in Birds' Nests," Natural History Miscellanea, no. 125, pp. 1-5 Review of A Generic Revision of Flycatchers of the Tribe Muscicapini (by Charles Vaurie), in Auk, vol. 70, pp. 379-380 Review of Parental Care and Its Evolution in Birds (by S. Charles Kendeigh), in Wilson Bulletin, vol. 65, pp. 215-217 Sanborn, Colin Campbell "April Record of Silver-haired Bat in Oregon," Murrelet, vol. 34, p. 32 "Mammals from Mindanao, Philippine Islands, Collected by the Danish Philippine Expedition, 1951-1952," Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, vol. 115, pp. 283-288 (1 illustration) "Notes sur Quelques Mammiferes de I'Afrique Equatoriale Francaise," Mammalia, vol. 17, p. 164-169 "Obituary Notice, Javier Ortiz de la Puente, 1928-1952," Journal of Mam- malogy, vol. 34, pp. 285-286 "Remarks on a Japanese Bat, Vespertilio macrodactylus Temminck," Natural History Miscellanea, no. 118, pp. 1-3 "Supposed Occurrence of the Sheath-tailed Bat in the Marshall Islands," Journal of Mammalogy, vol. 34, p. 384 "The Cuban Free-tailed Bat, Mormopterus minutus Miller," Journal of Mam- malogy, vol. 34, p. 383 Schmidt, Karl P. A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles, sixth edition (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists), viii+280 pages "Allegory within Allegory," The Scientific Monthly, vol. 76, pp. 341-343 "The 'Methodus' of Linnaeus, 1736," The Journal of the Society for the Bib- liography of Natural History, vol. 2, pp. 369-374 78 PUBLIC RELATIONS The Division of Public Relations this year concentrated its efforts upon consolidating the program of innovations made in the pre- ceding year, primarily in television, and upon continuing in full measure the dissemination of information in all the other ways used in the past. Throughout the year spot announcements about the Museum continued to appear daily in the intervals between many major programs on all four Chicago television stations: WBBM-TV (Channel 2, Columbia Broadcasting System), WNBQ (Channel 5, National Broadcasting Company), WBKB (Channel 7, American Broadcasting Company- Paramount Theaters, Inc.), and WGN-TV (Channel 9, Chicago Tribune-Dumont Television Network). Re- newed appreciation is given to the officials and technical staffs of each of these organizations for their continued contribution of air- time free of charge and for their generous co-operation with the Museum staff in preparation of material. It is estimated that, at commercial television-advertising rates, the time devoted to the Museum would have reached a cumulative total of around $100,000 for the year. Members of the Museum staff appeared as guests on a number of full-length television programs to present the stories of their expeditions and other activities or, as scientific authorities, to answer questions and talk on subjects within the scope of the Museum's fields of interest. Daily newspapers in Chicago and throughout the country and magazines continued to devote quantities of space to Museum news, features, and photographs, and radio stations and networks matched the air-time contributions of the television organizations. For this, grateful acknowledgment is made to Chicago Tribune, Chicago Daily News, Chicago Sun-Times, Chicago American, United Press Asso- ciation, International News Service, International News Photos, Associated Press, Science Service, City News Bureau of Chicago, Mutual Broadcasting System, American Broadcasting Company, National Broadcasting Company, and Columbia Broadcasting Sys- tem and to radio stations WGN, WBBM, WMAQ, WLS, WENR, WIND, WJJD, WAIT, WAAF, WFMT, WFMF, WFJL, WEDC, WEAW, WCRW, WCFL, WBIK, WSBC, WOPA, WNMP, WLEY, WHIP, WHFC, WXRT, WGES, and WMBI. Besides using stories and photographs from the more than four hundred publicity releases prepared by the Division of Public Rela- tions, both press and radio-television outlets used much of the material printed in the Museum Bulletin, which thus fulfilled its secondary function as an additional source of general publicity as 79 well as its primary purpose of maintaining monthly contact between the Museum and its thousands of Members. Placards advertising the free lectures for adults provided by the Edward E. Ayer Fund and the motion pictures for children presented by Raymond Founda- tion were displayed on station platforms and in passenger coaches through the continued courtesy of Chicago Transit Authority, Chi- cago Aurora and Elgin Railroad, Illinois Central System, and Chicago and North Western Railway. The Museum takes this opportunity to thank the transportation organizations for their important and generous assistance in publicizing its free educational programs. This reproduction of a branch of camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) in the fruiting stage was added to the exhibits in Martin A. and Carrie Ryerson Hall (Hall 29). 80 THE BOOK SHOP Sales in the The Book Shop of the Museum totaled more than $74,000, over $5,000 more than total sales in 1952. The Book Shop was established in 1938, and it is interesting to note that each succeeding year, with the exception of 1940 and 1948, has brought an increase in sales. The endowment fund created from proceeds amounted to slightly over $120,000 at the end of the year. The number of sales by mail continued to be large, although the dollar- amount was small in relation to number of sales. Shipments were made to forty-six states and territories and to a number of foreign destinations. The continuing increase in our mail-order business is another indication of the ever-widening influence of the Museum in its educational work. CAFETERIA Again the number of people served in the cafeteria and lunchroom showed an increase, the total being 324,461 in comparison with the total of 321,248 for last year. Gross receipts amounted to almost $137,000, an increase of about $5,000 over the year before. In order that visitors may obtain refreshment at hours when the cafeteria and lunchroom are not open, automatic vending-machines for Coca-Cola were installed in a ground-floor corridor. As in pre- vious years, thousands of school children who brought their lunches were accommodated in the lunchroom and picnic room. MAINTENANCE, CONSTRUCTION, AND ENGINEERING Of major importance is the conversion of Hall H on the ground floor, which formerly housed our Philippine ethnological collections, into a convenient and well-equipped storage room for our collec- tions from Polynesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Africa, and Madagascar. Reinstallation of the exhibits from Melanesia, Micronesia, and Poly- nesia will retire to the study-collections a great deal of material that in the past has been on display. This will result in more attractive exhibits and will improve the study-collections by making more of our unique and interesting material available for detailed study. The vacated hall is being equipped with steel shelving, adequate lighting, and hoisting equipment. Eventually all of the specimens from the South Seas will be housed in this single storage- room, adjacent to the halls where related material is exhibited. A 81 The iviuseum annually entertains the delegates to the National 4-H Club Congress. 220-volt power line has been run into the room to provide power for the exhaust fan that is to be installed in the poison room reserved for materials susceptible to insect damage. Construction work was more than half completed at the end of the year. Revamping was completed of two areas on the ground floor where the floors were out of alignment because of settling of the sand fill during a period of more than thirty-five years. The floors were brought back to their proper levels by the "mud- jacking" process, in which a wet mixture of earth and cement is forced under pressure through holes drilled in the floors. In one place a settlement of seven inches was completely restored. New plastering of walls was required in some instances, and all the rooms were entirely redecorated. Subsequently, the publications office, formerly in this area, was moved to the south end of the building close to the pub- lications storage-vault, the print shop, and the shipping room so that a great deal of transportation is now unnecessary. The Audi- 82 tor's office was moved into the vacated space, resulting in a consoli- dation of the business offices in the area nearest the offices of the Director and Registrar. The office of Raymond Foundation was moved from the second to the first floor into the office formerly occupied by the Auditor. This move also results in economy of time by having the guide-lecturers in the office closest to the north entrance of the Museum. The Division of Public Relations returned to its former office after the changes were completed. Cleaning and painting of the building are constant processes. Stanley Field Hall and the adjacent vistas were completely redone. This undertaking was of such magnitude and required such special scaffolding that the work was done by contract. In addition, the Meeting Room, Hall N, the lobby of James Simpson Theatre, and fourteen other rooms were repainted. Walls were washed in the cafeteria and five of the exhibition halls. A new carpet was installed in the aisles of the Lecture Hall after the floor had been refinished. Reupholstering of seats in the Theatre, which has been under way for some years, was completed. Special attention was given to the outside of the building through- out the period of favorable weather. All of the exterior marble was sprayed with silicone waterproofing in the hope of preventing the gradual erosion of the surface. The blacktop on the terrace levels at both the north and south entrances received an additional application of liquid waterproofing, and the steps approaching both entrances were tuckpointed where necessary. Window sash was repaired or replaced outside of Halls 25, 26, 27, 28, and 36. All window frames and sash were repaired on the outside, and the outside freight-elevator was completely repainted. During the summer shutdown all boilers were thoroughly cleaned and tubes turbined. Silica jell was placed in the boiler drums and all manhole plates were tightened to prevent the entrance of any moisture that would cause corrosion during the shutdown period. The entire heating plant was rechecked, cleaned, repaired where necessary, painted to prevent corrosion, and put in first-class con- dition. A new coal lorry was installed, and a half key removed from each grate-bar to allow for the passage of more air through the fires. Thermostatic traps were substituted for worn and obsolete equipment on radiators and coils, thereby increasing the efficiency of the heating plant. The usual plumbing maintenance was carried on throughout the year, and new hot-water lines were run in to many locations where needed. Two large exhaust fans were mounted at the end of the main skylight at the south end of the building to remove the hot air during the summer months, thus lowering the 83 temperature of the entire fourth floor. The program of installing new panel-boards in the interest of both efficiency and safety was continued. In addition to its own needs, the Museum, under con- tract, furnished almost 25,000,000 pounds of steam to Shedd Aquarium, the Administration Building of the Chicago Park District, and Soldier Field. The Divisions of Maintenance and Engineering assisted in the installation and reinstallation of exhibits in many of our exhibition halls. Halls 6 and 7, housing American Indian collections, and Hall 24 (George T. and Frances Gaylord Smith Hall), housing Chinese exhibits, were greatly improved by case alterations, re- arrangement, and new lighting. The large built-in case in Hall 20 and a smaller case in Hall N were made ready to receive the exhibits prepared by the Department of Zoology (see page 59) and sub- sequently were glazed and poisoned. A multiplicity of requisitions for the manufacture, alteration, or moving of special equipment, for special lighting, and for special-exhibit cases was handled expedi- tiously throughout the year. The splendid appearance of the build- ing, its adequate lighting, and the constant improvements of its working facilities bear testimony to the efficiency of the Engineering and Maintenance staff. MISCELLANEOUS In the pages that follow are submitted the Museum's financial statements, attendance statistics, door receipts, accessions, list of Members, articles of incorporation, and amended by-laws. Clifford C. Gregg, Director Chicago Natural History Museum 84 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURES CURRENT FUNDS FOR YEARS 1953 AND 1952 Operating Fund INCOME 1953 1952 From investments of General endowment funds $ 708,344 42 $ 727,084.69 Life and associate membership funds 27,728.10 26,751.69 $ 736,072.52 $ 753,836.38 Chicago Park District 127,532.68 128,478.39 Annual and sustaining memberships 20,695.00 20,885.00 Admissions 33,049.50 33,692.50 Sundry receipts, including general purpose contributions 39,820.81 38,304.61 Restricted funds transferred to apply against Operating Fund expenditures (contra) 83,754.49 83,136.20 $1,040,925.00 $1,058,333.08 EXPENDITURES Operating expenses Departmental operating expenses $ 109,127.53 $ 114,859.36 General operating expenses 703,894.62 661,572.14* Building repairs and alterations 107,718.50 118,674.02 $ 920,740.65 $ 895,105.52 Collections Purchases and expedition costs 36,912.11 68,708.09 Furniture, fixtures, and equipment 9,853.66 14,399.77 Pensions and employee benefits 57,016.82 52,871.33 Appropriations in lieu of premiums formerly payable on assigned life insurance 14,500.00 14,500.00 Provision for mechanical plant depreciation (contra) 10,000.00 10,000.00 Appropriated to cover operating deficit of The N. W. Harris Public School Extension (contra) 123.65 2,206.37 $1,049,146.89 $1,057,791.08 EXCESS (deficiency) OF INCOME OVER EX- PENDITURES $ (8,221.89) $ 542.00 ♦Museum operating expenses of $63,462.14 which in 1952 were included under "collections" have been transferred to general operating expenses to conform with 1953 classification CXJNTINUED ON NEXT PAGE 85 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURES-CURRENT FUNDS FOR YEARS 1953 AND 1952 (CONTINUED) The N. W. Harris Public School Extension 1953 Income from endowments $ 21,369.33 Expenditures 21,492.98 DEFICIT TRANSFERRED TO OPERATING FUND (CONTRA) $ 123.65 1952 $ 20,638.30 22,844.67 $ 2,206.37 Other Restricted Funds INCOME From Specific Endowment Fund investments $ 53,805.44 $ 50,959.15 Contributions for specified purposes 13,400.00 42,428.01 Operating Fund appropriations for mechanical plant depreciation and contingencies (contra) 10,000.00 10,000.00 Sundry receipts— net 36,808.81 30,305.80 $ 114,014.25 $ 133,692.96 EXPENDITURES Transferred to Operating Fund to apply against expenditures (contra) $ 83,754.49 $ 83,136.20 Added to Endowment Fund principal 52,000.00 24,000.00 $ 135,754.49 $ 107,136.20 EXCESS (DEFICIENCY) OF INCOME OVER EX- PENDITURES $ (21,740.24) $ 26,556.76 To THE Trustees Chicago Natural History Museum Chicago, Illinois In our opinion the accompanying statement presents fairly the income and ex- penditures of the current funds of Chicago Natural History Museum for the years 1953 and 1952, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles con- sistently applied during the year. Our examination of the statement was made in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and accordingly included such tests of the accounting records and such other auditing procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. Arthur Young and Company Chicago, Illinois February 11, 1954 86 COMPARATIVE ATTENDANCE STATISTICS AND DOOR RECEIPTS FOR YEARS 1953 AND 1952 1953 1952 Total attendance 1,204,855 1,305,556 Paid attendance 132,198 134,770 Free admissions on pay days Students 32,450 32,226 Schoolchildren 75,979 93,861 Teachers 4,667 4,988 Members 520 640 Service men and women 1,648 2,532 Special meetings and occasions 1,095 2,953 Press 6 Admissions on free days Thursdays (52) 155,497 (51) 137,444 Saturdays (52) 277,346 (52) 315,129 Sundays (52) 523,467 (52) 581,102 Highest attendance on any day (February 22) 15,323 (November 9) 16,488 Lowest attendance on any day (December 18) 161 (March 4) 159 Highest paid attendance (September 7) . . 4,223 (September 1) 3,600 Average daily admissions (363 days) 3,319 (364 days) 3,586 Average paid admissions (207 days) 633 (209 days) 645 Copies of General Guide sold 26,675 27,026 Number of articles checked 38,785 45,805 Number of picture post-cards sold 248,392 283,394 Sales of Museum publications (both scien- tific and popular) and photographs; rental of wheel chairs $15,128.53 $13,034.69 87 Contributions and Bequests Contributions and bequests to Chicago Natural History- Museum may be made in securities, money, books, or collections. They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to a person or cause, to be named by the giver. For those desirous of making bequests to the Museum, the following form is suggested : FORM OF BEQUEST I do hereby give and bequeath to Chicago Natural History Museum of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois: Cash contributions made within the taxable year to Chicago Natural History Museum to an amount not in excess of 20 per cent of the taxpayer's net income are allowable as deductions in computing net income for federal income tax ACCESSIONS, 1953 DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY-ACCESSIONS Arizona State Museum, Tucson: 289 archaeological specimens, including pottery sherds, restorable pottery ves- sels, artifacts, and unworked shells — various sites in Arizona (exchange) Borden, John, Spring Lake, Michi- gan: model of Aleut boat — Aleutian Islands (gift) Chicago Natural History Museum : Collected by Dr. Paul S. Martin (Southwest Archaeological Expedition, 1953): 833 specimens, including whole or restorable pottery vessels, objects of stone, bone, shell, baked clay, and tex- tiles, and burials, and about 40,000 pottery sherds — Higgins Flat Pueblo, Near Reserve, New Mexico Ingersoll, Admiral Royal Eason, U.S.N. Ret., La Porte, Indiana: Chimu whistling jar — Peru (gift); 59 weapons — China, Japan, and Africa (gift) Jacobs, Louis, Merrimac, Wisconsin: 7 pieces of blue-and-white ceramic "ex- port ware" of Chinese origin — Philip- pine Islands (gift) Jones, Robert D., Jr., Coal Bay, Alaska: Aleut-type skull, female — Cherni Island, Aleutian Islands (gift) MacRae, Mrs. Albert, Glencoe, Illinois: Navaho saddle-blanket — southwest United States (gift) Mendelson, Dr. R. W., Albu- querque, New Mexico: portion of Bud- dhist scripture incised on palm-leaf strips, Bangkok hat, embroidered-silk wall hanging — Siam (gift) Nakutin, Theodore, Chicago: fur parka — Alaska (gift) RuiSECO, John, Chicago: Olmec- style human head carved of basalt — near Santiago, Tuxtla, Veracruz, Mexico (gift) Trier, Robert, Chicago: carved human figure of wood, bone fishhook, bone awl and needles, stone adz, chipped stone tools (15 specimens) — Easter Island (gift); 7 tools of stone and bone, 3 harpoon heads of bone and ivory, 1 wooden dipper, 3 ornaments of wood, bone, and ivory, 1 bone minia- ture whale, 2 model sleds and teams of carved ivory — Alaska (gift) Watson, Rose J., Oak Park, Illinois: 2 scrapbooks of clippings of Dr. George A. Dorsey's letters to the Chicago Tribune on his three-year trip around the world in 1909-12 (gift) DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY-ACCESSIONS Allen, Dr. Mary Belle, Pacific Grove, California: 18 algae (gift) Ball, Dr. Carleton R., Washing- ton, D.C.: 10 plant specimens (gift) Bartell, Karl, Blue Island, Illinois: 9 plant specimens (gift) Bennett, Holly R., Chicago: 1,775 plant specimens (gift) Bernatowicz, Dr. Albert J., Eu- gene, Oregon: 3 algae (gift) Bishop Museum, Bernice P., Hono- lulu: plant specimen (exchange) Bold, Dr. Harold C, Nashville, Tennessee: 32 algae (gift) Bondar, Gregorio, Bahia, Brazil: 2 plant specimens, 11 photographs (ex- change) BoTANiSK Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark: 446 cryptogamic specimens (exchange) Brook, Dr. A. J., Pitlochry, Scot- land: cryptogamic specimen (gift) California, University of, Ber- keley: 485 plant specimens (exchange); 72 plant specimens (gift) California, University of, Santa Barbara: plant specimen (gift) California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco: 108 plant specimens (exchange) ; 1 plant specimen (gift) Caylor, Dr. R. L., Cleveland, Mississippi: 7 algae (gift) Chapman, Dr. V. J., Auckland, New Zealand: 4 algae (gift) 89 ChicagoNaturalHistory Museum: Collected by Dr. Norman C. Fassett (Salvadorian Project, 1950-51): 45 plant specimens Collected by Dr. Julian A. Steyer- mark (Venezuela Botanical Expedition, 1953): 10,000 plant specimens Conservator of Forests, Belize, British Honduras: plant specimen (gift) Cull, Irene, Peoria, Illinois: 4 plant specimens (gift) Daily, William A., Indianapolis: 59 algae (gift) Dawson, Dr. E. Yale, Los Angeles: 23 algae (gift) Demaree, Dr. Delzie, Bauxite, Arkansas: 94 plant specimens (gift) Deviney, Dr. E., Tallahassee, Florida: cryptogamic specimen (gift) Diller, Dr. Violet M., Cincinnati: 44 algae (gift) DODD, Dr. J. D., Ames, Iowa: 3 algae (gift) Dorris, Troy C, Homer, Illinois: 6 algae (gift) Doty, Dr. Maxwell S., Honolulu: 75 algae (gift) Edmondson, Dr. W. T., Seattle: 9 algae (gift) EscuELA Agricola Panamericana, Tegucigalpa, Honduras: 326 plant specimens (exchange) Field, Dr. Henry, Washington, D.C.: 29 plant specimens, 43 crypto- gamic specimens (gift) Flint, Dr. Lewis H., Baton Rouge, Louisiana: 11 algae (gift) Forest, Dr. H. Silva, Williamsburg, Virginia: 483 algae (gift) Fosberg, Dr. F. Raymond, Wash- ington D.C.: 55 algae (gift) Foster, Mulford B., Orlando, Florida: cycad cone (gift) Franzen, Albert J., Chicago: 3 cryptogamic specimens (gift) Gerhardt, Dr. R. W., Lincoln, California: 4 algae (gift) Gray Herbarium, Cambridge, Mas- sachusetts: 249 plant specimens (ex- change); a few fruits (gift) Harris, Dr. Phyllis S., La Jolla, California: 2 algae (gift) Hawkes, Dr. J. G., Birmingham, England: 19 photographs (exchange) Hilliard, Dr. D., Anchorage, Alaska: 36 algae (gift) Humm, Dr. Harold J., Tallahassee, Florida: 15 algae (gift) Ibanez, Dr. N., Turjillo, Peru: 24 algae (gift) Illinois State Museum, Spring- field: plant specimen (gift) Iltis, Dr. Hugh, Fayetteville, Ar- kansas: 66 algae (gift) Institut Bctanique, Montreal, Quebec, Canada: 134 plant specimens (exchange) Institute de Biologia, Chapulte- pec, Mexico: 25 plant specimens (gift) Institute of Jamaica, Kingston: 35 algae (gift) Instituto Agronomic© do Norte, Belem, Brazil: 40 plant specimens (gift) Instituto Botanico, Florence, Italy: 100 plant specimens (exchange) Isham, Dr. Lawrence B., Coral Gables, Florida: 27 algae (gift) Johnson, S. C, and Son, Incor- porated, Racine, Wisconsin: palm ma- terial (gift) Kaeiser, Dr. Margaret, Carbon- dale, Illinois: 4 slides (exchange) KiBBE, Dr. Alice L., Carthage, Illi- nois: 206 folders of H. N. Patterson correspondence (gift) Kiener, Dr. Walter B., Lincoln, Nebraska: 196 cryptogamic specimens (gift) Killip, Dr. E. P., Washington, D.C.: 124 plant specimens, 90 algae (gift) Kingsbury, Dr. John M., Cam- bridge, Massachusetts: cryptogamic specimen (gift) KosTER, Dr. Josephine T., Leiden, Netherlands: cryptogamic specimen (gift) La Rivers, Dr. Ira, Reno, Nevada: 185 algae (gift) Le Mesurier, Dr. Margaret, Montreal, Quebec, Canada: 8 algae (gift) Mabille, Dr. Jean, Bertheniwurt- par-Moy, France: 8 algae (gift) Madsen, Dr. Grace C, Tallahassee, Florida: 206 algae (gift) Marshall, Dr. B. C, Hot Springs, Arkansas: 1 alga (gift) Matuda, Eizi, Chiapas, Mexico: 134 plant specimens (gift) Millar, John R., Chicago: 4 plant specimens (gift) MiLLE, Padre Luis, Manabi, Ecua- dor: 9 plant specimens (gift) 90 Minnesota, University of, Minne- apolis: 79 plant specimens (exchange) Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis: 362 plant specimens (exchange) MouL, Dr. E. T., New Brunswick, New Jersey: 9 algae (gift) Mowry, Claude R., Reno Nevada: 2 plant specimens (gift) MUSEO DE HiSTORIA NATURAL, Lima, Peru: 97 plant specimens (exchange) MusEO Nacional Historia Nat- ural, Santiago, Chile: 5 plant speci- mens (gift) National Science Museum, Tokyo : 400 plant specimens (exchange) Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria: 378 algae (exchange); 2,739 algae (gift) Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden: 2,030 plant speci- mens (exchange) Newhouse, J., Honolulu: 138 algae (gift) New York Botanical Garden, New York: 681 plant specimens (ex- change); 420 plant specimens, a few fruits, 79 algae (gift) Nielsen, Dr. Chester S., Talla- hassee, Florida: 81 algae (gift) Oaks, O. A., Wilmette, Illinois: 2 wood specimens (gift) OcHOA, Carlos, Huancayo, Peru: 333 plant specimens (exchange) Orozco, Dr. J. M., San Jose, Costa Rica: 17 algae (gift) Palmer, Dr. C. Mervin, Cincinnati: 112 algae (gift) Palmiter, Dr. C. C, Richland, Washington: 49 algae (gift) Palumbo, Dr. R. F., Seattle: 42 algae (gift) Patterson, Bryan, Homewood, Illi- nois: 2 plant specimens (gift) Pierce, Dr. E. Lowe, Woods Hole, Massachusetts: cryptogamic specimen (gift) Richards Fund, Donald: 2,500 fungi — Michigan; 561 cryptogams — Swwien; 400 mosses — Japan; 308 cryp- togams— Wisconsin; 100 lichens — Swe- den; seaweed — New Zealand Richardson, Eugene S., Jr., Gur- nee, Illinois: 3 algae (gift) Rohweder, Dr. Otto, Hamburg, Germany: 33 plant specimens (gift) Rousseau, Dr. Jacques, Montreal, Quebec, Canada: 35 algae (gift) Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England: 88 plant specimens (exchange) Rutgers University, New Bruns- wick, New Jersey: 29 algae (exchange) SCHALLERT, Dr. P. O., Altamonte Springs, Florida: 63 cryptogamic speci- mens (gift) Sella, Emil, Chicago: 3 cryptogamic specimens (gift) Sherff, Dr. Earl E., Chicago: 404 plant specimens, 183 negatives, 183 prints (gift) SiLVA, Dr. p. C, Urbana, Illinois: 5 algae (gift) Slusher, Mrs. H. E., Jefferson City, Missouri: plant specimen (gift) Smith, Frank O., Ames, Iowa: plant specimen (gift) Soriano, Dr. J. D., Quezon City, Philippine Islands: 312 algae (gift) SOUKUP, Dr. J., Lima, Peru: 9 plant specimens (gift) Southern Methodist University, Dallas: 61 algae (exchange) Starr, Dr. Richard C, Blooming- ton, Indiana: cryptogamic specimen (gift) Stephenson, Dr. T. A., Aberyst- wyth, Wales: 23 algae (gift) SwiNK, Floyd A., Chicago: 770 plant specimens (gift) Symoens, Dr. J. J., Brussels, Bel- gium: 6 algae (gift) Tennessee, University of, Knox- ville: 5 plant specimens (exchange) Texas, Agricultural and Me- chanical College of. College Station: 24 plant specimens (gift) Thieret, John W., Chicago: 2 plant specimens (gift) Tilden, Dr. J. E., Lake Wales, Florida: 153 algae (gift) United States Customs Service, Chicago: plant specimen (gift) United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland: plant specimen (gift) United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.: 16 plant specimens, 27 cryptogamic specimens (exchange); 240 plant specimens, 3 algae (gift) University Museum, Ann Arbor, Michigan: 565 cryptogamic specimens (exchange) Vargas, Dr. Cesar, Cuzco, Peru: 7 algae (gift) 91 Valasquez, Dr. G. T., Quezon City, Philippine Islands: 28 algae (gift) VoTH, Dr. Paul D., Chicago: cryp- togamic specimen (gift) Wilson, Archie F., Flossmoor, Illi- nois: 151 wood specimens (exchange); 11 plant specimens (gift) Wilson, Dr. Leonard R., Amherst, Massachusetts: pollen specimen (gift) Wood, Dr. R. D., Kingston, Rhode Island: 12 algae (gift) Yale University, School of For- estry, New Haven, Connecticut: 52 plant specimens (gift) Zeller, Catherine, Springfield, Illi- nois: 3 plant specimens (gift) Zimmerman, Annie, Chicago: 28 algae (gift) DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY-ACCESSIONS Alessio, O. G., Chicago: 3 rutile specimens — Oaxaca, Mexico (gift) Beta Research Laboratory, Chi- cago: 25 natural elements (gift) Blanchard, L. J., Bakersfield, Cali- fornia: polished moss agate — Horse Canyon, California (gift) Bookwalter, Richard M., Chicago: 2 petrified wood specimens — Petrified Forest, Arizona (gift) Britts, Dr. John H. (deceased), Clinton, Missouri: collection of 265 fos- sil invertebrates (part transferred from Department of Zoology) — various lo- calities (gift) Casey, Mrs. D. L., Yuma, Arizona: skull and jaws of Eporeodon occidentalis — Grant County, Oregon (gift) Chalmers Crystal Fund, William: 12 crystal casts — New Jersey and Mas- sachusetts; 1 specimen each of vanadi- nite and endlichite — Mexico Chicago NaturalHistory Museum: Collected by Orville L. Gilpin, Wil- liam D. Turnbull, and Priscilla F. Turn- bull (Wyoming Paleontological Expe- dition, 1953): collection of Devonian fishes, Eocene turtles, Hyrachyus upper jaw, and microfauna — various localities Collected by Eugene S. Richardson, Jr., and George Langford (Wilmington, Illinois, paleontological field trips, 1953): collection of fossil invertebrates — Illinois Purchases: casts of Miocene Homi- noidea — Kenya Crane Company, Chicago: 3 ti- tanium specimens (gift) Delco, Ernest, Michigan City, In- diana: Mastodon americanus — Indiana (gift) Hazel, Burrel F., Fort Peck, Mon- tana: 3 fossil invertebrates — Montana (gift) Iacarelli, Dr. Emilio, Firenze, Italy: cinnabar specimen — Italy (gift) Johnson, Donald M., Jefferson City, Missouri: 2 casts of fossil mam- mal-teeth (gift) Kreutzer, Dan, Chicago: slab of fossil invertebrates — Ohio (gift) Langford, George, Jr., Hinsdale, Illinois: Pennsylvanian insect — Illinois Lindberg, G. E., Chicago: Calymene niagarensis — Chicago (gift) LowENSTAM, Dr. Heinz, Chicago: porpoise vertebra — Japan (gift) Orvig, Dr. Tor, Stockholm, Sweden: fragment of Beyrichein-kalk — Pomer- ania (gift); rubber mold of Astraspis desiderata — Colorado (gift) Ross, Charles A., Urbana, Illinois: insect wing — Illinois (gift) Rubens, Mrs. Marion, Chicago: double strand seed-pearl necklace (gift) Schneider, E. E., Chicago: hand specimen of blue opaline quartz por- phyry, several small crystals — Texas (gift) Schwerdtfager, William E., Rock Falls, Illinois: 3 shark teeth, 2 plesio- saur teeth — Kansas (gift) Smolker, Robert, Chicago: Acan- thotelson stimpsoni — Will County, Illi- nois (gift) Texas, University of, Bureau of Economic Geology, Austin: cast of skull of Pliohippus fossulatus — Texas (exchange) Thomas, Dr. William B., Lyons, New Jersey: 15 concretions, 7 con- taining fossil fishes — Greenland (gift) Turnbull, Mr. and Mrs. William D.: insect wing, complete Phlegothontia skeleton, collection of fossil plants and invertebrates — Will County, Illinois (gift) 92 Whitfield, Jon, Evanston, Illinois: part of elytron of cockroach — Will County, Illinois (gift) Whitfield, Mrs. Robert H., Evans- ton, Illinois: Pennsylvanian insect — Will County, Illinois (gift) DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY-ACCESSIONS American Museum of Natural History, New York: Department of Fishes and Aquatics, 2 fishes — Ba- hama Islands (gift); Department of Insects and Spiders, 3 insects (1 para- type and 2 cotypes) — South America (gift) Arctic Health Research Center, Anchorage, Alaska: 12 mammal skulls — Alaska (permanent loan) Bauman, Joseph, Chesterton, Indi- ana: 2 salamanders — Illinois (gift) Beetle, Dorothy E., Laramie, Wyoming: 5 lots of shells — South America (gift) Benesh, Bernard, Burrville, Ten- nessee: 2 lizards, 1 snake, 9 insects, 2 beetle pupae — United States and Eu- rope (gift) Bequaert, Dr. Joseph, Cambridge, Massachusetts: 12 batflies — Cocha- bamba, Bolivia (exchange) Biological Institute of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel: 1 bird — Wadi Hatira, Israel (gift) BoGNAR, A., Whiting, Indiana: 16 mammals — Indiana and Texas (gift) Brown, Dr. Walter C, Palo Alto, California: 87 reptiles and amphibians —United States (gift) BuswELL, Robert G., New Wales, Pennsylvania, and Clark G. Buswell, Los Angeles: shell collection of the late Dr. Clark A. Buswell (approximately 1,000 specimens) — worldwide (gift) Cagle, Dr. Fred R., New Orleans: 6 turtles (paratypes) — Alabama and Mississippi (gift) California, University of. Di- vision OF Entomology and Parasi- tology, Berkeley: 5 beetles (paratypes) — Oregon and California (gift) Calvary, Dr. Ellen, Chicago: 1 land snail — Glacier National Park (gift) Capurro, Dr. Luis, Santiago, Chile: 4 frogs — Chile (exchange) Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh: 2 birds — French Guiana and Venezuela (exchange); 4 eels, 1 blenny — Guam (gift) Chicago Natural History Museum : Collected by Harry A. Beatty (West Africa Zoological Expedition, 1950-52) : 126 mammals, 325 birds, 147 reptiles and amphibans 518 insects, 7 lots of crabs and snails — West Africa Collected by D. D wight Davis and Robert F. Inger (Borneo Zoological Ex- pedition, 1950): 846 insects and their allies — Borneo Collected by Luis de la Torre and William G. Reeder (Guatemala Zoo- logical Expedition, 1952): 48 mammals, 1,023 insects and their allies — Guate- mala Collected by Henry S. Dybas (Cali- fornia Zoological Field Trip, 1952): 6 salamanders — western United States Collected by Donald Erdman (West Indies Zoological Expedition, 1953): 1 sea snake, 2,002 fishes — West Indies Collected by Dr. Fritz Haas (North- west Zoological Field Trip, 1953): 18 reptiles and amphibians, 123 lots of lower invertebrates — northwestern coast of United States and Canada Collected by Philip Hershkovitz (Colombia Zoological Expedition, 1948- 52): 119 reptiles and amphibians, 479 insects and their allies — Colombia Collected by Robert F. Inger (local field work): 2 fishes — Lake Chatauqua, Illinois Collected by CliflFord H. and Sarah Pope (West Coast Zoological Field Trip, 1953): 1 bat, 394 reptiles and am- phibians— Mexico and western United States Collected by Dr. D. S. Rabor (Philip- pine Islands field work): 28 mammals — Philippine Islands Collected by Colin C. Sanborn (Peruvian Zoological Expedition, 1946) : 62 insects — Ecuador Collected by Dr. Julian A. Steyer- mark and Charles Griffin (Venezuela Botanical Expedition, 1953); 21 mam- mals, 21 birds, 7 reptiles and amphi- bians, 51 fishes — Venezuela Collected by Loren P. Woods and Robert F. Inger (Co-operative Field 93 Work with United States Fish and Wildlife Service in Gulf of Mexico, 1952): 418 lots of fishes Purchases: 153 mammals, 2,980 birds, 282 reptiles and amphibians, 748 fishes, approximately 20,000 insects and their allies (including 2,500 fossil insects in amber), 741 lots of lower invertebrates Transfers: 3 birdskins and 172 nest- ling birds in alcohol — from the Depart- ment of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension Chicago Zoological Society, Brook- field, Illinois: 1 tuatara, 5 mammals, 1 bird — various localities (gift) Cook, Harry L., Chicago: 8 fishes —Brazil (gift) CoRYNDON Museum, Nairobi, East Africa: 20 beetles — Africa (exchange) Deem, Private First Class Charles P., APO San Francisco: 2 fishes — Korea (gift) DE LA Torre, Luis, Ann Arbor, Michigan: 24 mammals, 451 insects and their allies — Guatemala (gift) Deliberto, Riccy, Westmont, Illi- nois: shed skin of garter snake — Illinois (gift) Demaree, Delzie, Ocean Springs, Mississippi: 62 shells — Mississippi (gift) Deuquet, C, Oatley, New South Wales, Australia: 4 insects and their allies — Australia (gift) Dodge, Dr. Harold, Savannah, Georgia: 7 insects (paratypes) — United States (gift) Donovan, Mr. and Mrs. J. W., West Palm Beach, Florida: 42 lots of mollusks — Canada (gift) Drake, Robert J., Tucson, Arizona: 5 shells (2 paratypes) — Chihuahua, Mexico (gift) Dundee, Harold A., Ann Arbor, Michigan: 179 reptiles and amphibians — United States (exchange) Dybas, Henry S., Homewood, Illi- nois: 104 insects — Illinois (gift) Emerson, Dr. Alfred E., Chicago: approximately 6,500 termites (con- taning many paratypes and cotypes) — worldwide (gift) English, Charles L., Miami, Florida: 4 bats — Florida (gift) Fechtner, Frederick R., Chicago: 1 clam — Illinois (gift) Field Dr. Henry, Washington, D.C.: 20 snakes, 57 lots of lower inver- tebrates— Persian Gulf and Florida (gift) Fleming, Dr. Robert L., Mussoorie, India: 265 birds — India (gift and ex- change) Florida State Board of Health, Jacksonville: 365 bats (gift) Haas, Dr. Georg, Jerusalem, Israel: 2 worm snakes — Israel (gift) Haltenorth, Dr. Theodore, Mu- nich, Germany: 3 mammals — Germany (exchange) Harbours and Marine, Depart- ment OF, Brisbane, Australia: 120 fishes — Queensland and Great Barrier Reef (exchange) Harris, Lucien, Jr., Avondale Es- tates, Georgia: 2 insect cocoons — Stone Mountain, Georgia (gift) Hedley, John, Edinburgh, Scotland: 2 civet skins and claw of honey bear — Bukit Kretam, North Borneo (gift) Helton, John T., Troy, Alabama: 1 snake — Alabama (gift) Hendrickson, Dr. John R., Univer- sity of Malaya, Singapore: 264 fishes — Singapore and vicinity (exchange); 22 snakes — locality unknown (gift) HiLDEBRAND, Henry, Port Aransas, Texas: 1 fish — southern Gulf of Mexico (gift) HoLLEY, F. E., Lombard, Illinois: 19 insects — New York and Illinois (gift) Hoogstraal, Harry, Cairo, Egypt: 965 mammals, 103 birds, 1,135 reptiles and amphibians, 321 insects — various localities (gift) Horowitz, Samuel, Chicago: 1 lizard — New York (gift) Howell, Robert, Norfolk, Virginia: 24 shells — Virginia (gift) Johnson, J. E., Jr., Waco, Texas: 3 snakes — Texas (gift) Kelley, W. E., Elyria, Ohio: 2 cray- fish— Indiana (gift) Kelson, Dr. Keith R., Lawrence, Kansas: 2 bats — Japan (gift) King, Wilbur L., Bethlehem, Penn- sylvania: 1 mussel — Mississippi River at Dubuque, Iowa (gift) Komarek, Edwin V., Thomasville, Georgia: 24 bats — Georgia (gift) Krauss, N. L. H., Belize, British Honduras: 17 reptiles and amphibians — various localities (gift) Laird, Dr. Marshall, Suva, Fiji: 128 reptiles and amphibians — Fiji Is- lands (gift) 94 Lamb, Dana, Corona del Mar, Cali- fornia: 1 ant — Lower California (gift) Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago: 2 snakes — New Mexico and West Africa (gift) Long, Lewis E., Washington, D.C.: 2 mammals, 52 reptiles and amphibians, 11 lots of lower invertebrates — Brazil (gift) Lopez, H. Souza de, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: 172 shells— Brazil (gift) LowRiE, Dr. Donald, Moscow, Idaho: 130 insects and their allies — North America (gift) LucENA, DuRVAL T. DE, Pernam- buco, Brazil: 31 shells — Brazil (gift) Marshall, Joseph T., Tucson, Ari- zona: 2 lizards (paratypes) — Marshall Islands (gift) Matsubara, Kiyamatsu, Kyoto, Japan: 7 fishes — Japan (gift) McEwen, E. H., Aklavik, Canada: 9 frogs — Canada (gift) McGrew, Dr. Paul 0., Laramie, Wyoming: 3 mammal skeletons — Wyo- ming (exchange) Medem, Dr. Frederick J., Bogota, Colombia: 23 mammals, 80 crocodilians — Colombia (gift) Medical Entomology Unit, Chamb- lee, Georgia: 4 flies (paratypes) — Maryland and Georgia (gift) Michigan, University of. Museum OF Zoology, Ann Arbor: 500 fishes — United States (exchange); approxi- mately 200 lots of shells — Canada (gift) Millar, P. W., Fort Lauderdale, Florida: 1 beetle — Florida (gift) Moore Museum, Joseph, Rich- mond, Indiana: 1 bird — Indiana (gift) MoRETON, Mrs. David P., Wilmette, Illinois: 100 shells — worldwide (gift) MosER, Dr. Reuben A., Omaha, Nebraska: 2 birds — United States (gift) MuMFORD, Dr. Russell E., Cort- land, Indiana: 12 bats — Indiana (gift) MUSEO DE HiSTORIA NATURAL DE La Salle, Bogota, Colombia: 25 snakes — Colombia (gift) Museum National d'Histoire Na- TURELLE, Paris: 32 bats — Madagascar, France, Italy (exchange) Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts: 7 reptiles and amphibians (2 paratypes) — various localities (exchange) National Museums, Department OF, Colombo, Ceylon: 8 reptiles — Ceylon (exchange) Pacific Science Board, Honolulu: 264 insects — Micronesia (gift) Pain, T., London: 9 shells — various localities (gift) Park, Dr. Orlando, Evanston, Illi- nois: 3,595 insects — Arizona (gift) Patterson, Alan, Homewood, Illi- nois: 30 mollusks — Chapadmalal, Ar- gentina (exchange) Pazzaglia, Paul, Chicago: 1 cat skeleton — Chicago (gift) Pbnnak, Robert W., Boulder, Colo- rado: 35 shells — New Mexico (gift) Phelps, William H., Caracas, Ven- ezuela: 12 birds — Venezuela (gift) Rabor, Dr. D. S., Negros, Philippine Islands: 46 birds — Philippine Islands (exchange) Rausch, Dr. Robert, Anchorage, Alaska: 5 mammals, 1 mammal skull — Alaska (gift) Record, Verne C, Chicago: 1 hor- net nest — Cordova, Illinois (gift) Richardson, Douglas W., Home- 1 snake — Mississippi Illinois: Juan A., Mayaguez, 2 snakes — Venezuela wood, (gift) RiVERO, Dr. Puerto Rico: (gift) ROMER, J. D., Hong Kong: 4 snakes — Hong Kong (exchange) RozE, Dr. Janis A., Caracas, Vene- zuela: 4 reptiles and amphibians — Venezuela (gift) SCHWENGEL, Dr. Jeanne S., Scars- dale. New York: 237 lots of shells- worldwide (gift) Science Museum, Jamaica, British West Indies: 1 fish — Jamaica (ex- change) Seevers, Dr. Charles H., Home- wood, Illinois: 1 worm snake, 2 beetles (holotypes) — Mexico and Philippine Islands (gift) Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt- am-Main, Germany: 1 snake (paratype) — Colombia (exchange) Shedd Aquarium, John G., Chicago: 105 fishes — Bahama Islands (gift) Shirk, Joseph H., Peru Indiana: 6 mammal skulls — Arizona and New Mexico (gift) Shoemaker, H. H., Champaign, Illi- nois: 42 lots of fishes — Gulf of Mexico (exchange) 95 Sick, Dr. Helmut, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: 3 shells— Brazil (gift) SiOLi, Dr. Harald, Belem, Brazil: 142 shells— Brazil (gift) Sjodahl, Lars H., Chicago: 1 moth and moth larva — Chicago (gift) Slater, Dr. James C, Ames, Iowa: 5 insects (2 paratypes) — various locali- ties (gift) Smith, Burk, Oak Park, Illinois: 9 insects — United States (gift) Smith, Dr. Hobart M., Urbana, Illinois: 1 lizard (paratype) — United States (gift) Sperber, Dr. Karel, Chicago: 58 shells — Seychelles (gift) Stanford University, Stanford University, California: 6 fishes (para- types)— North Borneo (exchange) SwANSON, W. B., Sydney, Australia: 6 turtles — Australia (gift) Tarrant, Ross, Lake Geneva, Wis- consin: 19 fishes — Wisconsin and Flor- ida (gift) Trapido, Dr. Harold, Panama, Panama: 82 reptiles and amphibians (1 type and 34 paratypes) — Panama, Corsica, and Sardinia (gift) Traub, Lieutenant Colonel Robert, Washington, D.C.: 25 insects (2 paratypes, 1 holotype) — various lo- calities (gift) United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Pascagoula, Mississippi: ap- proximately 600 fishes — Gulf of Mexico (gift) United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.: 1 bird, 5 frogs (1 paratype), 7 fishes — various locali- ties (exchange) United States Navy Medical Re- search Unit No. 3, Cairo, Egypt: 973 fishes — Egypt (gift and exchange) Universidad Nacional de Tucu- MAN, Tucuman, Argentina: 72 frogs — Argentina (exchange) Universitetets Zoologiske Mu- seum, Copenhagen, Denmark: 5 reptiles and amphibians (4 paratypes) — Iran (exchange) ; 2 mammals — Philippine Is- lands (gift) Van Trump, Mrs. James, Pavillion, Wyoming: 6 fairy shrimp — Wyoming (gift) Webb, Walter F., St. Petersburg, Florida: 6 shells — worldwide (gift) Weimann, Marian R., Chesterton, Indiana: 4 reptiles and amphibians — Rhodes (gift) Weyrauch, Dr. Wolfgang, Lima, Peru: 429 shells— Peru (gift) Williams, Dr. John G., Nairobi, East Africa: 2 birds — Atlantic Ocean (gift) WoLFFSOHN, A., Gallon Jug, British Honduras: 10 reptiles and amphibians ■ — British Honduras (gift) Wood, F. G., Marineland, Florida: 1 fish (paratype) — Matanzas Inlet, Florida (gift) Wygodzinsky, Dr. Petr, Tucuman, Argentina: 320 beetles — Argentina (gift) Wyoming, University of, Depart- ment OF Geology, Laramie: 7 mam- mals— Wyoming (exchange) Zangerl, Dr. Rainer, Hazelcrest, Illinois: 4 fishes — Melbourne Beach, Florida (gift) Zoological Society of London, London: 1 mammal, 7 reptiles and am- phibians— various localities (gift) JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION-ACCESSIONS Eastman Kodak Company, Chicago: 30 2x2 natural-color slides (duplicates) —gift Johnson, H. J., Chicago: 41 2x2 natural-color slides (40 originals, 1 du- plicate)— gift Mitchell, C. B., Chicago: 76 2x2 natural-color slides (49 originals, 27 du- plicates)— gift Smith, Mrs. Ellen T., Lake Forest, Illinois: 8 standard black-and-white slides — gift DIVISION OF PHOTOGRAPHY-ACCESSIONS Chicago NaturalHistory Museum : Made by Division of Photography: 2,032 negatives, 18,153 prints, 925 en- largements, 285 lantern slides 96 DIVISION OF MOTION PICTURES-ACCESSIONS Chicago NaturalHistory Museum : Made by D. D wight Davis (at Mu- seum from specimens from Madagas- car): "Chameleons," 400 feet of 16mm color film (edited and titled, no sound track) ; 1 black-and-white negative and 1 black-and-white print of same given by Zooparade (TV program) Coronet Educational Films, Chi- cago: "Ancient Egypt," 400 feet of 16mm color-and-sound print — purchase Encyclopaedia Britannica Filmsj Inc., Wilmette, Illinois: "Indian Dances" (produced by the American Museum of Natural History), 400 feet of 16mm color-and-sound print — pur- chase International Film Bureau, Chi- cago: "Living Science Series," 16mm color-and-sound prints (4 short reels on birds, total time 22 minutes) — purchase LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM-ACCESSIONS Donors (Institutions) Chicago Historical Society, Chicago John Crerar Library, Chicago Container Corporation of America, Chicago Donors (Individuals) Christensen, Peder A., Cleveland, Ohio Field, Dr. Henry, Washington, D.C. Gregg, Colonel Clifford C, Valparaiso, Indiana Grey, Marion, Highland Park, Illinois Kibbe, Dr. Alice L., Carthage, Illinois Pearse, Langdon, Winnetka, Illinois Perry, Stuart H., Adrian, Michigan Schmidt, Dr. Karl P., Homewood, Illinois Schwengel, Dr. Jeanne S., Scarsdale, New York Yager, Marion, Oneonto, New York Representative Accessions (Acquired by Gift^ Exchange^ or Purchase) BOOKS Bennett, Alfred William, The flora of the Alps, London, 2 v. (1897) Benoit, Luigi, Illustrazione sistematica, criiica, iconografica de'Testacei estramarini della Sicilia ulteriore e delle isole circostanti, Napoli (1857-[62]) Berge, F., Conchylienbuch, oder allgemeine und besondere Naturgeschichte der Muscheln und Schnecken . . . Stuttgart (1850) Bielz, Eduard Albert, Fauna der Land- und Silsswasser Mollusken Siebenbilrgens, 2. Aufl. (1867) Bonstedt, Carl, Pareys Blumengartnerei, 2 v. (1931-32) Bourguignat, Jules Rene, Malacologie du Lac des Quatre-C anions et de ses environs, Paris (1862) Brongniart, Charles, Recherches pour servir a Vhistoire des insectes fossiles des temps primaires . . . Saint-Etienne (1893) Buchner, Paul, Endosymbiose der Tiere mit pflanzlichen Mikro-organismen, Basel (1953) Burnat, Emile, Flore des Alpes maritimes, 7 v. in 4 (1892-1931) Camus, Aimee, Les chataigniers, Monographie des genres Castanea et Castanopsis (1928-29) 97 -, Les cypres (genre Cupressus) Monographie, systematique anatomie, culture, principaux usages (1914) ,Cayeux, Lucien, Causes anciennes et causes actuelles en geologic (1941) , Les roches sedimentaires de France (1935) Correns, Carl Wilhelm, Einfuhrung in die Mineralogie, Kristallographie und Petrologie (1949) Cotte, I., Manuel d'histoire naturelle, ou tableaux systematiques des trois regnes mineral, vegetal et animal (1787) Cox, Euan Hillhouse Methven, ed., The new flora and silva, v. 1-11 (1939-40) Dice, Lee Raymond, The biotic provinces of North America (1943) Ekman, Sven Petrus, Zoogeography of the sea, translated from the Swedish by Elizabeth Palmer ([1953]), translation and revision of Tier geographic des Meeres (1935) Emberger, Louis, Les plantes fossiles dans leurs rapports avec les vegetaux vivants (1944) Fitzinger, Leopold Joseph Franz Johann, Revision der zur natUrlichen Familie der Katzen (Feles) gehorigen Formen (1868-69) Gassies, Jean Baptiste, Faune conchyliologique terrestre et ftuviolacustre de la Nouvelle-Caledonie (1863-71) Gesner, Konrad, Historiae animalium, Liber I-III, Francofurti, Tiguri, 3 v. in 2 (1620, 1617, 1555) Gola, Giuseppe, L'Orto Botanico; quattro secoli di attivitd {15^5-191^5), (1947) Gram, Ernst, and Anna Weber, Plant diseases in orchard, nursery and garden crops [2nd ed.] ([1953]) Gronland, Johannes, Die Wichtigsten Gift- und Kulturpflanzen, 7. Aufl., 3. Neu- druck (n.d.) Hagerup, Olaf, On the origin of some angiosperms through the Gnetales and the Coniferae, 4 v. (1934-39) Heyerdahl, Thor, American Indians in the Pacific ([1953]) Holandre, Fr., Abrege d'histoire naturelle des quadrupedes vivipares et des oiseaux, 8 V. (1790) Hymenopterist's handbook (1945) International symposium on anthropology. New York, 1952, Anthropology today: an encyclopedic inventory, prepared under the chairmanship of A. L. Kroeber ([1953]) Janssonius, Hindrik Haijo, and Jan Willem Moll, Mikrographie des Holzes der auf Java vorkommenden Baumarten ... 7 v. (1906 [i.e. 1908J-36) Jentink, Fredericus Anna, and others. Catalogue osteologique des mammiferes (1887-1908) (Tome IX a Deel XIV, Revue methodique et critique des collections deposees dans cet etablissement) Johansen, Donald Alexander, Plant microtechnique (1940) Kenyon, Kathleen M., Beginning in archaeology (1953) Kickx, Jean, Specimen inaugurate exhibens synopsin molluscorum, Brabantiae Australi indigenorum . . . (1830) Kirchner, Heinrich, Die wichtigsten Versteinerungen Frankens aus dem Buntsand- stein, Muschelkalk und Keupter (1928) Korschelt, Eugen, Der Gelbrand Dytiscus marginalis L. ... 2 v. (1923-24) Kuhn, Oskar, Lehrbuch der Palaozoologie (1949) Lacroix, Pierre, The organization of bones, translated from the amended French edition by Stewart Gilder (1951) Lameere, Auguste, Manuel de la faune de Belgique, 3 v. (1895-1907) Latreille, Pierre Andre, Genera Crustaceorum et insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familias disposita, inconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata . . . 4 V. (1806-9) 98 Lethaea Geognostica, Handbuch der Erdgeschichte mit Abbildungen der fiir die Formationen bezeichnendsten Versteinerungen . . . Stuttgart (1876-1914) (Theil I, Bd. 1 and atlas; Bd. 2, Lief 1, 3-4) (Theil II, Bd. 1; Bd. 3, Lief 1-3) (Theil III, Bd. 2) Lid, Johannes, Norsk Flora, 2. utgava (1952) Lilljeborg, Wilhelm, Sveriges och Norges fiskar, 3 v. ([pref. 1891]) Lowe, Richard Thomas, Primitiae faunae et florae Maderae et Portus Sancti (1831) Lumnitzer, Johann Georg, Naturhistorische Tafeln des Thierreichs . . . (1825) Matsumura, Shonen, 6000 illustrated insects of Japan-Empire (1931) Paulian, Renaud, La vie des scarabees, 4th ed. ([1944]) Porta, Antonio, Fauna coleopterorum italica, 5 v. in 3 (1923-32) Potonie, Henry, Abbildungen und Beschreibungen fossiler Pflanzen-Reste der palaeozoischen und mezozoischen Formationen, 9 v. (1903-13) Ramis, Aly Ibrahim, Bestimungstabellen zur Flora von Aegypten (1929) Ricketts, Edward Flanders, and Jack Calvin, Between Pacific tides, 3rd ed. rev. ([1952]) Romer, Fritz, Fauna Arctica: eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen ... 6 V. in 7, Jena (1900-1933) Servain, Georges, Etude sur les mollu^ques recueillis en Espagne et en Portugal (1880) Stamp, Lawrence Dudley, An introduction to stratigraphy (British Isles), 2nd ed. rev. (1934) Tansley, Arthur George, The British islands and their vegetation, 2 v. (1949) Temminck, Coenraad Jacob, Verhandelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, door de Leden der Natuurkundige com- missie in Indie en andere Schrijvers, Leiden, 3 v. (1839-44) Tenthredo; acta entomologica, v. 1-4, no. 2 (1926-34) Thomson, Carl Gustaf, Skandinaviens coleoptera, 10 v., Lund (1859-68) Das Tierreich, Lief 3-7, 10-11, 14, 17, 19, 20-21, 23, 25, 29, 31-35, 38-40, 42, 47, 50-54, 56-61, 64-65, 68-70 Traite de Paleontologie, v. 1,2, Paris (1952) SERIALS The butterfly farmer, Truckee, v. 1 (1913-14) Capita Zoologica, The Hague, v. 1-8 (1921-39) Coleopterologisches Centralblatt; Organ fiir systematische Coleopterologie der palaarktischen Zone, v. 1-6, no. 1, Berlin (1926-32) Entomologische Blatter; Zeitschrift fiir Biologie und Systematik der Kafer, V. 33-35, 38, Berlin (1937-42) Entomologische Gesellschaft, Halle a. S. Mitteilungen, nos. 1-20 (1909-44) Entomologisches Nachrichtenblatt; Organ fiir Entomologie und entomologische Hilfsmittel, v. 1-13, Troppau (1927-39) Entomologist's gazette, London, v. 1 — (1950 — ) The entomologist's weekly intelligencer, London, v. 1-10 (1856-61) Graellsia. Revista de Entomologos Espanoles, v. 1-7, Madrid (1934-49) Horion, Adolf, Faunistik der Mitteleuropdischen Kafer, v. 1 — (1941 — ) Manchester Geological and Mining Society. Transactions, v. 1-3 (1841-62), V. 28, nos. 16-20 (1903-5) Mochul'skii, Viktor Ivanovich, ed.. Etudes entomx)logiques, v. 7, 8, 10, 11 (1858-62) Naturforschende Gesellschaft zu Gorlitz. Abhandlungen, v. 5, pts. 1-2 (1848-50), V. 12-23 (1865-1901) Revue Enlomologique, Strasbourg, v. 1-5 (1833-37) Societe Fouad ler d'Entomologie, Cairo. Memoires, v. 1-4 (1908-37) Stettiner entomologische Zeitung, Stettin, v. 1-76 (1840-1915), v. 86-99 (1925-38) 99 MEMBERS OF THE MUSEUM FOUNDER Marshall Field* Ayer, Edward E.* Buckingham, Miss Kate S.* Conover, Boardman* Crane, Cornelius Crane, R. T., Jr.* Field, Joseph N.* Field, Marshall Field, Stanley Field, Mrs. Stanley * Deceased BENEFACTORS Those who have contributed $100,000 or more to the Museum Graham, Ernest R.* Harris, Albert W. Harris, Norman W.* Higinbotham, Harlow N. Kelley, William V.* Pullman, George M,* Rawson, Frederick H.* Raymond, Mrs. Anna Louise* Raymond, James Nelson* Ryerson, Martin A.* Ryerson, Mrs. Martin A.* Simpson, James* Smith, Mrs. Frances Gaylord* Smith, George T.* Sturges, Mrs. Mary D.* Suarez, Mrs. Diego HONORARY MEMBERS Those who have rendered eminent service to Science Beyer, Prof. H. O. Cutting, C. Suydam Field, Marshall Field, Stanley Gustaf VI, His Majesty, King of Sweden Sargent, Homer E. Suarez, Mrs. Diego Harris, Albert W. Vernay, Arthur S. PATRONS Those who have rendered eminent service to the Museum Calderini, Charles J. Chadbourne, Mrs. Emily Crane Chancellor, PhiHp M. Collins, Alfred M. Cutting, C. Suydam Day, Lee Garnett Ellsworth, Duncan S. Field, Mrs. Stanley Hancock, G. Allan Judson, Clay Deceased, 1953 Knight, Charles R. Moore, Mrs. William H. Sargent, Homer E. Suarez, Mrs. Diego Vernay, Arthur S. White, Harold A. 100 CORRESPONDING MEMBERS Scientists or patrons of science, residing in foreign countries, who have rendered eminent service to the Museum Breuil, Abb6 Henri Hochreutiner, Dr. B. P Georges Humbert, Professor Henri Keissler, Dr. Karl Keith, Professor Sir Arthur Leon, Brother (Sauget y Barbier, Joseph S.) CONTRIBUTORS Those who have contributed $1,000 to $100,000 to the Museum in money or materials $75,000 to $100,000 Chancellor, Philip M. $50,000 to $75,000 Chalmers, Mrs. Joan A.* Dee, Thomas J.* Keep, Chauncey* Remmer, Oscar E.* Rosenwald, Mrs. Augusta N.* $25,000 to $50,000 Adams, Mrs. Edith Almy* Blackstone, Mrs. Timothy B.* Block, Leopold E.* Coats, John* Coburn, Mrs. Annie S.* Crane, Charles R.* Crane, Mrs. R. T., Jr.* Jones, Arthur B.* Morton, Sterling Murphy, Walter P.* Porter, George F.* Richards, Donald Richards, Elmer J. Rosenwald, Julius* Vernay, Arthur S. White, Harold A. $10,000 to $25,000 Adams, Joseph* Armour, Allison V.* * Deceased Armour, P. D.* Avery, Sewell L. Babcock, Mrs. Abby K.* Barnes, R. Magoon* Bartlett, Miss Florence Dibell Buchen, Walther Chadbourne, Mrs. Emily Crane Chalmers, William J.* Cummings, R. F.* Cutting, C. Suydam Everard, R. T.* Gunsaulus, Dr. F. W.* Hoogstraal, Harry Insull, Samuel* Laufer, Dr. Berthold* Lufkin, Wallace W.* Mandel, Leon McCormick, Cyrus (Estate) McCormick, Stanley Mitchell, John J.* Perry, Stuart H. Reese, Lewis* Richardson, Dr. Maurice L. Robb, Mrs. George W.* Rockefeller Foundation, The Sargent, Homer E. Schweppe, Mrs. Charles H.* Straus, Mrs. Oscar S.* Strawn, Silas H.* Street, William S. Strong, Walter A.* Wrigley, William, Jr.* $5,000 to $10,000 Adams, George E.* Adams, Milward* American Friends of China Bartlett, A. C* Bishop, Heber (Estate) Borland, Mrs. John Jay* Chicago Zoological Society, The Conover, Miss Margaret B. Crane, R. T.* Cuatrecasas, Dr. Jose Doane, J. W.* Field, Dr. Henry Fuller, William A.* Graves, George Coe, II* Harris, Hayden B.* Harris, Norman Dwight Harris, Mrs. Norman W.* Haskell, Frederick T.* Hutchinson, C. L.* Keith, Edson* Langtry, J. C. MacLean, Mrs. M. Haddon* Moore, Mrs. William H. Payne, John Barton* Pearsons, D. K.* Porter, H. H.* Ream, Norman B.* Revell, Alexander H.* Riley, Mrs. Charles V.* 101 CONTRIBUTORS (continued) Salie, Prince M. U. M. Sherff, Dr. Earl E. Sprague, A. A.* Storey, William Benson* Thorne, Bruce Tree, Lambert* Valentine, Louis L.* Watkins, Rush Wetten, Albert H.* Witkowsky, James* $1,000 to $5,000 Acosta Soils, Dr. M. Avery, Miss Clara A.* Ayer, Mrs. Edward E.* Barr, Mrs. Roy Evan Barrett, Samuel E.* Bensabott, R., Inc. Bishop, Dr. Louis B.* Bishop, Mrs. Sherman C. Blair, Watson F.* Blaschke, Stanley Field Block, Mrs. Helen M.* Borden, John Brown, Charles Edward* Cahn, Dr. Alvin R. Cory, Charles B., Jr. Crocker, Templeton Cummings, Mrs. Robert F.* Desloge, Joseph Doering, 0. C. Dybas, Henry S. Eitel, Emil* Emerson, Dr. Alfred E. * Deceased Fish, Mrs. Frederick S.* Graves, Henry, Jr. Grier, Mrs. Susie I.* Gunsaulus, Miss Helen Gurley, William F. E.* Harvey, Byron, III Herz, Arthur Wolf* Hibbard, W. G.* Higginson, Mrs. Charles M.* Hill, James J.* Hinde, Thomas W.* Hixon, Frank P.* Hoffman, Miss Malvina Howe, Charles Albee Hughes, Thomas S.* Jackson, Huntington W.* James, F. G. James, S. L. Knickerbocker, Charles K.* Kraft, James L.* Langford, George Lee Ling Yiin Lerner, Michael Look, Alfred A. Maass, J. Edward* MacLean, Haddon H. Mandel, Fred L., Jr. Manierre, George* Marshall, Dr. Ruth Martin, Alfred T.* McCormick, Cyrus H.* McCormick, Mrs. Cyrus* Mitchell, Clarence B. Moyer, John W. Nash, Mrs. L. Byron Nichols, Henry W.* O'Dell, Mrs. Daniel W. Ogden, Mrs. Frances E.* Ohlendorf, Dr. William Clarence* Osgood, Dr. Wilfred H.* Palmer, Potter* Patten, Henry J.* Pearse, Langdon Prentice, Mrs. Clarence C. Rauchfuss, Charles F.* Raymond, Charles E.* Reynolds, Earle H.* Ross, Miss Lillian A. Rumely, William N.* Schapiro, Dr. Louis* Schmidt, Karl P. Schwab, Martin C* Schweppe, Charles H.* Seevers, Dr. Charles H. Shaw, William W. Smith, Bryon L.* Sprague, Albert A.* Steyermark, Dr. Julian A. Thompson, E. H.* Thorne, Mrs. Louise E. Trapido, Dr. Harold Traylor, Melvin A., Jr. VanValzah, Dr. Robert VonFrantzius, Fritz* Wheeler, Leslie* Whitfield, Dr. R. H. Willems, Dr. J. Daniel Willis, L. M.* Wolcott, Albert B.* Zangerl, Dr. Rainer CORPORATE MEMBERS Armour, Lester Avery, Sewell L. Blair, Wm. McCormick Borden, John Buchen, Walther Calderini, Charles J. Chadbourne, Mrs. Emily Crane Chancellor, Philip M. Collins, Alfred M. Cummings, Walter J. Cutting, C. Suydam Day, Lee Garnett Dick, Albert B., Jr. Ellsworth, Duncan S. Fenton, Howard W. Field, Joseph N. Field, Marshall Field, Marshall, Jr. Field, Stanley Field, Mrs. Stanley Hancock, G. Allan Harris, Albert W. Insull, Samuel, Jr. Isham, Henry P. Judson, Clay McBain, Hughston M. Mitchell, William H. Moore, Mrs, William H. Pirie, John T., Jr. Randall, Clarence B. Richardson, George A. Sargent, Homer E. Searle, John G. 102 CORPORATE MEMBERS (continued) Smith, Solomon A. Suarez, Mrs. Diego Vernay, Arthur S. Ware, Louis White, Harold A. Wilson, John P. Deceased. 1953 Knight, Charles R. Wetten, Albert H. LIFE MEMBERS Those who have contributed $500 to the Museum Alexander, Edward Allerton, Robert H. Armour, Lester Ascoli, Mrs. Max Avery, Sewell L. Babson, Henry B. Bacon, Edward Richardson, Jr. Barr, Mrs. Roy Evan Barrett, Mrs. A. D. Barrett, Robert L. Bartlett, Miss Florence Dibell Bates, George A. Baur, Mrs. Jacob Bensabott, R. Bermingham, Edward J. Blaine, Mrs. Emmons Borden, John Borland, Chauncey B. Brassert, Herman A. Brewster, Walter S. Browne, Aldis J. Buchanan, D. W. Budd, Britton L Burnham, John Burt, William G. Butler, Julius W. Carpenter, Mrs. John Alden Carr, George R. Carr, Walter S. Casalis, Mrs. Maurice Cathcart, James A. Chatfield-Taylor, Wayne Clegg, Mrs. William G. Connor, Ronnoc Hill Cook, Mrs. Daphne Field Corley, F. D. Cramer, Corwith Crossett, Edward C. Crossley, Lady Josephine Crossley, Sir Kenneth Cudahy, Edward A. Cummings, Walter J. Cunningham, James D. Gushing, Charles G. Dahl, Ernest A. Dick, Albert B., Jr. Dierssen, Ferdinand W. Donnelley, Thomas E. Doyle, Edward J. Drake, John B. Edmunds, Philip S. Ely, Mrs. C. Morse Epstein, Max Ewing, Charles Hull Farr, Newton Camp Farr, Miss Shirley Fay, C. N. Fenton, Howard W. Fentress, Calvin Fernald, Charles Field, Joseph N. Field, Marshall Field, Marshall, Jr. Field, Norman Field, Mrs. Norman Field, Stanley Field, Mrs. Stanley Gardner, Robert A. Gowing, J. Parker Harris, Albert W. Harris, Norman W. Hecht, Frank A. Hemmens, Mrs. Walter P. Hibbard, Frank Hickox, Mrs. Charles V. Hopkins, L. J. Horowitz, L. J. Hoyt, N. Landon Hutchins, James C. Insull, Samuel, Jr. Jelke, John F. Joiner, Theodore E. Jones, Miss Gwethalyn Kelley, Russell P. King, James G. Kirk, Walter RadcliflFe Ladd, John Lehmann, E. J. Leonard, Clifford M. Levy, Mrs. David M. Linn, Mrs. Dorothy C. Logan, Spencer H. MacDowell, Charles H. MacLeish, John E. MacVeagh, Fames Madlener, Mrs. Albert F. Mason, William S. McBain, Hughston M. Meyer, Carl Meyne, Gerhardt F. Mitchell, William H. Morse, Charles H. Munroe, Charles A. Myrland, Arthur L. Ormsby, Dr. Oliver S. Orr, Robert M. Paesch, Charles A. Palmer, Honore Pick, Albert Prentice, Mrs. Clarence C. Rodman, Mrs. Katherine Field Rodman, Thomas CliflFord Rosenwald, William Rubloff, Arthur Ryerson, Edward L. Seabury, Charles W. Searle, John G. 103 LIFE MEMBERS {continued) Shirk, Joseph H. Smith, Alexander Smith, Solomon A. Spalding, Keith Stuart, Harry L. Stuart, John Stuart, R. Douglas Sturges, George Swift, Harold H. Thorne, Robert J. Armour, A. Watson Armour, Mrs. Ogden Barnhart, Miss Gracia M. F. Tree, Ronald L. F. Tyson, Russell Uihlein, Edgar J. Veatch, George L. Walker, Dr. James W. Wanner, Harry C. Ward, P. C. Ware, Louis Welch, Mrs. Edwin P. Deceased, 1953 Butler, Rush C. Delano, Frederic A. Hamill, Alfred E. Welling, John P. Whitney, Mrs. Julia L. Wickwire, Mrs. Edward L. Wieboldt, William A. Willard, Alonzo J. Wilson, John P. Wilson, Thomas E. Winston, Garrard B. Woolley, Clarence M. Wrigley, PhiHp K. Hayes, William F. Jarnagin, William N. McKinlay, John NON-RESIDENT LIFE MEMBERS Those, residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, who have contributed $100 to the Museum Allen, Dr. T. George Andrew, Edward Blauvelt, Hiram B. D. Coolidge, Harold J. Desmond, Thomas C. Dulany, George W., Jr. Gregg, John Wyatt Hearne, Knox Holloman, Mrs. Delmar W. Johnson, Herbert F., Jr. Knudtzon, E. J. Maxwell, Gilbert S. Moeller, George Murray, Mrs. Robert H. Osgood, Mrs. Cornelius Richardson, Dr. Maurice L. Rosenwald, Lessing J. Sardeson, Orville A. Shirey, Dwight Stephens, W. C. Stern, Mrs. Edgar B. Vernay, Arthur S. Zerk, Oscar U. ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Those who have contributed $100 to the Museum Aaron, Charles Aaron, Ely M. Abbell, Maxwell Abbott, Donald Putnam, Jr. Abeles, Mrs. Jerome G. Abrams, Duff A. Ackerman, Charles N. Adamick, Gustave H. Adams, Mrs. Charles S. Adams, Mrs. Frances Sprogle Adams, Miss Jane Adams, John Q. Adams, Mrs. S. H. Adams, Mrs. Samuel Adams, William C. Adamson, Henry T. Adler, Mrs. Max Ahlschlager, Walter W. Alberts, Mrs. M. Lee Alder, Thomas W. Aldis, Graham Alexander, William H. Allbright, John G. Allen, Mrs. Grace G. Allen, Herman Allen, Waldo Morgan Allensworth, A. P. Allin, J. J. Allison, Mrs. William M. Allport, Hamilton Alsip, Mrs. Charles H. Alter, Harrv Alton, Carol W. Alward, Walter C, Jr. Ames, Rev. Edward S. Anderson, Mrs. A. W. Anderson, Mrs. Alfred 104 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS {continued) Anderson, Mrs. Alma K. Andrews, Mrs. E. C. Andrews, Milton H. Angelopoulos, Archie Anning, H. E. Anstiss, George P. Antrim, E. M. Appelt, Mrs. Jessie E. Appleton, John Albert Armbrust, John T. Armour, A. Watson, III Armour, Mrs. Laurance Armour, Laurance H., Jr. Armour, Philip D. Armstrong, Mrs. Julian Armstrong, Kenneth Arn, W. G. Arnold, Mrs. Lloyd Artingstall, Samuel G. Ascher, Fred Ashenhurst, Harold S. Asher, Norman Atwood, Philip T. Aurelius, Mrs. Marcus A. Avery, George J. Ayres, Robert B. Babson, Mrs. Gustavus Back, Miss Maude F. Bacon, Dr. Alfons R. Bacon, R. H. Badger, Shreve Cowles Baer, David E. Baer, Walter S. Baggaley, William Blair Bair, W. P. Baker, Greeley Baldwin, Vincent Curtis Balgemann, Otto W. Balkin, Louis Ball, Dr. Fred E. Ballard, Mrs. Foster K. Ballenger, A. G. Baltis, Walter S. Banes, W. C. Bannister, Miss Ruth D. Barber, Phil C. Bargquist, Miss Lillian D. Barker, E. C. Barkhausen, L. H. Barnes, Cecil Barnes, Mrs. Charles Osborne Barnes, Harold O. Barnes, Mrs. John Barnett, Claude A. Barnhart, Mrs. A. M. Barr, Mrs. Alfred H. Barr, George Barrett, Mrs. Arthur M. Barrett, Mrs. Harold G. Barthell, Gary Bartholomae, Mrs. Emma Bartholomay, Henry Bartholomay, Mrs. William, Jr. Barton, Mrs. Enos M. Basile, William B. Basta, George A. Bastian, Charles L. Bastien, A. E. Bates, Mrs. A. M. Bates, Joseph A. Battey, Paul L. Baum, Mrs. James E. Baum, Wilhelm Baumann, Harry P. Bausch, William C. Beach, Miss Bess K. Beach, E. Chandler Beachy, Mrs. Walter F. Beatty, John T. Bechtner, Paul Beck, Alexander Becker, Benjamin V. Becker, Frederick G. Becker, James H. Becker, Louis L. Beckler, R. M. Beckman, Victor A. Beckman, Mrs. Victor A. Beckman, William H. Beddoes, Hubert Behr, Mrs. Edith Beidler, Francis, II Belden, Joseph C, Jr. Bell, Mrs. Laird Benjamin, Jack A. Benner, Harry Bennett, Bertram W. Bennett, S. A. Bennett, Prof. J. Gardner Benson, John Benson, Mrs. Thaddeus R. Bent, John P. Berend, George F. Berkely, Dr. J. G. Berkson, Mrs. Maurice Berry, V. D. Bersbach, Elmer S. Bertschinger, Dr. C. F. Besly, Mrs. C. H. Bettendorf, Harry J. Bettman, Dr. Ralph B. Bichl, Thomas A. Biddle, Robert C. Biehn, Dr. J. F. Bigelow, Mrs. Ann Biggers, Bryan B. Biggs, Mrs. Joseph H. Bigler, Mrs. Albert J. Bigler, Dr. John A. Billow, Miss Virginia Bird, Miss Frances Birk, Miss Amelia Bishop, Howard P. Bishop, Miss Martha V. Bittel, Mrs. Frank J. Bixby, Edward Randall Blackburn, Oliver A. Blair, Edward McC. Blair, Mrs. M. Barbour Blair, Wm. McCormick Blair, Wolcott Blatchford, Dr. Frank Wicks Blecker, Mrs. Michael, Jr. Block, Joseph L. Block, Leigh B. Block, Mrs. Leigh B. Block, Philip D., Jr. Bloss, Mrs. Sidney M. Bluford, Mrs. David Blum, Harry H. Blunt, J. E., Jr. Boal, Stewart Boericke, Mrs. Anna Boettcher, Arthur H. Bogert, Mrs. Gilbert P. Bohasseck, Charles Bohrer, Randolph Bolotin, Hyman Bolten, Paul H. Bondy, Berthold Boomer, Dr. Paul C. Boone, Arthur Booth, George E. Borg, George W. Bori, Mrs. Albert V. Borland, Mrs. Bruce Borland, Mrs. John Jay, II Borland, William F. Borowitz, David Borwell, Robert C. Bosch, Charles Bosch, Mrs. Henry Bosworth, Mrs. Roland I. Botts, Graeme G. Boulton, Mrs. Rudyerd Bousa, Dr. Bohuslav Bowers, Ralph E. Bowman, Mrs. E. M. Bowman, J. C. Bowman, Johnston A. Boyd, Mrs. T. Kenneth Boynton, A. J. Boynton, Frederick P. Brach, Mrs. F. V. Bradley, Mrs. A. Ballard 105 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Brainerd, Mrs. Arthur T. Bramble, Delhi G. C. Brandt, Charles H. Bransfield, John J. Brauer, Mrs. Paul Bremner, Mrs. David F, Brendecke, Miss June Brennan, B. T. Brenner, S. L. Brennom, Dr. Elmo F. Brennwasser, S. M. Brenza, Miss Mary Breslin, Dr. Winston I. Brewer, Mrs. Angeline L. Bridges, Arnold Bristol, James T. Brodribb, Lawrence C. Brodsky, J. J. Brostoff, Harry M. Brown, A. Wilder Brown, Mrs. C. H. Brown, Christy Brown, Mrs. Everett C. Brown, Isidore Brown, John T. Brown, Dr. Joshua M. Brown, Mark A. Brown, William F. Bruckner, William T. Brugman, John J. Bruhn, H. C. Brundage, Avery Brunswick, Larry Buchen, Mrs. Walther H. Buchner, Dr. E. M. Buck, Nelson Leroy Buckley, Mrs. Warren Bucklin, Mrs. Vail R. Buddig, Carl Buehler, H. L. Buettner, Walter J. Buffington, Mrs. Margaret A. Buhmann, Gilbert G. Bunge, Mrs. Albert J. Bunte, Mrs. Theodore W. Burbott, E. W. Burch, Clayton B. Burchmore, John S. Burdick, Mrs. Alfred S. Burgweger, Mrs. Meta Dewes Burke, Webster H. Burley, Mrs. Clarence A. Burnell, Homer A. Burnham, Mrs. George Burns, Mrs. Randall W. Burry, William Bush, Earl J. Bush, Mrs. William H. Butler, Mrs. Hermon B. Butler, Paul Butzow, Mrs. Robert C. Byrne, Miss Margaret H. Cahn, Dr. Alvin R. Cahn, Bertram J. Cahn, Morton D. Caine, Leon J. Callender, Mrs. Joseph E. Calmeyn, Frank B. Camenisch, Miss Sophia C. Camp, Mrs. Arthur Royce Campbell, Herbert J. Canby, Caleb H., Jr. Canman, Richard W. Canmann, Mrs. Harry L. Capes, Lawrence R. Caples, William G. Capps, Dr. Joseph A. Cardelli, Mrs. Giovanni Carlin, Leo J. Carmell, Daniel D. Carney, William Roy Caron, O. J. Carpenter, Mrs. Frederic Ives, Sr. Carqueville, Mrs. A. R. Carr, Mrs. Clyde M. Carr, Robert A. Carroll, John A. Carter, Mrs. Armistead B. Carter, Miss Frances Jeannette Carton, Alfred T. Carton, Laurence A. Castle, Alfred C. Castruccio, Giuseppe Gates, Dudley Cedar, Merwyn E. Cederlund, R. Stanley Cerling, Fredolph A. Cernoch, Frank Chandler, Henry P. Chapin, William Arthur Chapman, Arthur E. Chatain, Robert N. Cheney, Dr. Henry W. Chenier, Miss Mizpah Cherones, George D. Cherry, Walter L., Jr. Childs, Mrs. George W. Chinlund, Miss Ruth E. Chislett, Miss Kate E. Chrisos, Dr. Sam S. Christensen, E. C. Christiansen, Dr. Henry Churan, Charles A. Clare, Carl P. Clark, Ainsworth W. Clark, Miss Alice Keep Clark, Mrs. Edward S. Clark, Edwin H. Clarke, Charles F. Clarke, Harley L. Clay, John Clemen, Dr. Rudolph A. Clifford, Fred J., Jr. Clinch, Duncan L. Clithero, W. S. Clonick, Abraham J. Clonick, Herbert J. Clonick, Seymour E. Clow, Mrs. Harry B. Coath, V. W. Cochran, John L. Cohen, George B. Cohen, Mrs. L. Lewis Colburn, Frederick S. Colby, Mrs. George E. Cole, Sidney I. Coleman, Clarence L., Jr. Coleman, Dr. George H. Coleman, Mrs. John Coleman, Loring W. Coleman, Marvin H. Collins, Beryl B. Collison, E. K. Colvin, Miss Catharine Colvin, Miss Jessie Colwell, Clyde C. Compton, Mrs. Arthur H. Compton, D. M. Conger, Miss Cornelia Conklin, Miss Shirley Connell, P. G. Conners, Harry Conover, Miss Margaret B. Cook, Miss Alice B. Cook, Mrs. Charles B. Cook, Mrs. David S. Cook, Jonathan Miller Cook, L. Charles Cook, Louis T. Cook, Thomas H. Cooke, Charles E. Cooley, Gordon A. Coolidge, Miss Alice Coolidge, E. Channing Coolidge, Dr. Edgar D. Coombs, James F. Coonley, John Stuart Coonley, Prentiss L. Cooper, Samuel Copland, David Corbett, Mrs. William J. Cornell, Mrs. John E. Cosford, Thomas H. Coston, James E. Cowen, Maurice L. 106 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Cowles, Knight C. Cox, James C. Cox, William D. Cragg, Mrs. George L. Crane, Charles R., II Creange, A. L. Crerar, Mrs. John Crilly, Edgar Cromwell, Miss Juliette Clara Crowley, C. A. Cubbins, Dr. William R. Cudahy, Edward I. Cummings, Mrs. D. Mark Cummings, Edward M. Cummings, Mrs. Frances S. Cuneo, John F, Curtis, Austin Guthrie, Jr. Cusack, Harold Gushing, John Caleb Cushman, Barney Cutler, Henry E. Cutler, Paul William Cuttle, Harold E. Daemicke, Mrs. Irwin Paul Dahlberg, Bror G. Daily, Richard Daley, Harry C. Dalmar, Mrs. Hugo Dalmar, Hugo, Jr. Dammann, J. F. Dangel, W. H. Danielson, Philip A. Danley, Jared Gage Danne, William C, Jr. Dantzig, Leonard P. D'Aquila, George Darbo, Howard H. Darrow, Paul E. Daughaday, C. Colton David, Dr. Vernon C. Davidson, David W. Davidson, Miss Mary E. Davies, Marshall Davis, Arthur Davis, C. S. Davis, Don L. Davis, Frank S. Davis, Dr. Joseph A. Davis, Dr. Loyal Davis, Dr. Nathan S., Ill Deahl, Uriah S. Deane, Mrs. Ruthven Decker, Charles O. DeCosta, Lewis M. deDardel, Carl O. Deeming, W. S. Degen, David Demaree, H. S. Deming, Everett G. Dempster, Mrs. Charles W. Denman, Mrs. Burt J. Dennehy, Thomas C, Jr. Denney, Ellis H. Deslsles, Mrs. Carrie L. Deutsch, Mrs. Percy L. DeVries, David Dick, Edison Dick, Elmer J. Dick, Mrs. Homer T. Dickinson, F. R. Dickinson, Robert B. Dickinson, Mrs. Thompson Diestel, Mrs. Herman Dimick, Miss Elizabeth Dimmer, Miss Elizabeth G. Dix, Richard H. Dixon, George W., Jr. Dixon, Wesley M., Jr. Dixon, Mrs. William Warren Dobyns, Mrs. Henry F. Doctor, Isidor Dodge, Mrs. Paul C. Doering, Otto C. Doetsch, Miss Anna Dolese, Mrs. John Dolke, W. Fred Donker, Mrs. William Donlon, Mrs. Stephen E. Donnel, Mrs. Curtis, Jr. Donnelley, Gaylord Donnelley, Mrs. H. P. Donohue, Edgar T. Dornbusch, Charles H. Dorocke, Joseph, Jr. Dorschel, Q. P. Douglas, James H., Jr. Douglass, Kingman Douglass, Mrs. W. A. Dowd, Mrs. Frank J. Drago, Stephen Dreutzer, Carl Drever, Thomas Dreyfus, Mrs. Moise Dubbs, C. P. Dudley, Laurence H. Dulsky, Mrs. Samuel Dumelle, Frank C. Dunbaugh, Harry J. Duncan, Albert G. Duner, Joseph A. Dunlop, Mrs. Simpson Dunn, Samuel O. Durand, Mrs. N. E. Durbin, Fletcher M. Easterberg, C. J. Eastman, Mrs. George H. Eaton, J. Frank Ebeling, Frederic O. Eckhart, Percy B. Edwards, Miss Edith E. Egan, William B. EgloflF, Dr. Gustav Eichengreen, Edmund K. Eiseman, Fred R. Eisenberg, Sam J. Eisendrath, Edwin W, Eisendrath, Miss Elsa B. Eisendrath, Robert M. Eisendrath, William B. Eisenschiml, Mrs. Otto Eisenstaedt, Harry Eisenstein, Sol Eitel, Karl Eitel, Max Elcock, Mrs. Edward G. Elich, Robert William Ellbogen, Miss Celia Elliott, Dr. Clinton A. Elliott, Frank R. Ellis, Howard Elting, Howard Elvgren, Gillette A. Embree, Henry S. Embree, J. W., Jr. Emery, Edward W. Emmerich, Miss Clara L. Engberg, Miss Ruth M. Engel, Miss Henrietta Engstrom, Harold Erdmann, Mrs. C. Pardee Erickson, Donovan Y. Erickson, James A. Ericson, Mrs. Chester F. Ericsson, Clarence Ericsson, Dewey A. Ericsson, Walter H. Erikson, Carl A. Ernst, Mrs. Leo Etten, Henry C. Evans, Miss Anna B. Evans, David J. Evans, Eliot H. Fabrice, Edward H. Fabry, Herman Fackt, Mrs. George P. Fader, A. L. Faget, James E. Faherty, Roger Faithorn, Walter E. Fallon, Mrs. J. B. Fallon, Dr. W. Raymond Falls, Dr. A. G. Farnham, Mrs. Harry J. Farrell, Mrs. B. J. Farwell, John V., Ill 107 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Faulkner, Charles J. Faurot, Henry, Jr. Fay, Eugene C. Feinstein, Edward Howard Feiwell, Morris E. Felix, Benjamin B. Fellows, William K. Felsenthal, Edward George Fennekohl, Mrs. Arthur C. Fernald, Robert W. Fetzer, Wade Filkins, A. J. Fineman, Oscar Finley, Max H. Finnegan, Richard J. Finnerud, Dr. Clark W. Firsel, Maurice S. Fischel, Frederic A. Fish, Mrs. Helen S. Fishbein, Dr. Morris Fisher, Harry M. Fisk, Mrs. Burnham M. Flavin, Edwin F. Fleming, Mrs. Joseph B. Florsheim, Harold M. Florsheim, Irving S. Florsheim, Mrs. Milton S. Folonie, Mrs. Robert J. Folsom, Mrs. William R. Foote, Mrs. Harley T. Forch, Mrs. John L., Jr. Ford, Mrs. Willis Roland Foreman, Mrs. Alfred K. Foreman, Mrs. E. G. Foreman, Edwin G., Jr. Foreman, Harold E. Forgan, James B. Forgan, Mrs. J. Russell Forgan, Robert D. Forman, Charles Forster, J. George Fortune, Miss Joanna Foster, Mrs. Charles K. Fox, Jacob Logan Fox, Dr. Paul C. Franche, Mrs. D. C, III Frank, Arthur A. Frankel, Louis Frankenstein, William B. Frankenthal, Dr. Lester E., Jr. Franklin, Egington Frazer, Mrs. George E. Freeman, Charles Y. Freiler, Abraham J. French, Dudley K. Frenier, A. B. Freudenthal, G. S. Frey, Charles Daniel Freyn, Henry J. Fridstein, Meyer Friedlander, William Friedlich, Mrs. Herbert Fuller, Mrs. Gretta Patterson Fuller, J. E. Fuller, Judson M. Furry, William S. Gabriel, Adam Gaertner, William Galgano, John H. Gall, Charles H. Gall, Harry T. Gallup, Rockwell L. Gait, Mrs. A. T. Gamble, D. E. Garcia, Jose Garden, Hugh M. G. Gardiner, Mrs. John L. Gardner, Addison L., Jr. Gardner, Frederick D. Gardner, Henry A. Garen, Joseph F. Garnett, Joseph B. Garrison, Dr. Lester E. Gates, Mrs. L. F. Gawne, Miss Clara V. Gay, Rev. A. Royal Gear, H. B. Gebhardt, Alfred E. Gehl, Dr. W. H. Gehrmann, Felix Geiger, Alfred B. Ceiling, Dr. E. M. K. Geittmann, Dr. W. F. Geldmeier, Dr. Erwin F. Gellert, Donald N. Gensburg, Samuel H. Gentry, Veit Gentz, Miss Margaret Nina Gerding, R. W. Gerngross, Mrs. Leo Gerstley, Dr. Jesse R. Gettelman, Mrs. Sidney H. Gettleman, Frank E. Getz, Mrs. James R. Getzoff, E. B. Gibbs, Richard F. Gibson, Dr. Stanley Gidwitz, Alan K. GifTey, Miss Hertha GifFord, Mrs. Frederick C. Gilchrist, Mrs. John F. Gilchrist, Mrs. William Albert Giles, Mrs. Guy H. Gillette, Mrs. Ellen D. Gilmore, Dr. John H. Gimbel, J. W., Jr. Ginther, Miss Minnie C. Giryotas, Dr. Emelia J. Glaescher, Mrs. G. W. Glasner, Rudolph W. Glasser, Joshua B. Goes, Mrs. Arthur A. Golding, Robert N. Goldman, Mrs. Louis Goldstein, Dr. Abraham Goldstein, Dr. Helen L. Button Goldstein, Nathan S. Goldstine, Dr. Mark T. Goldy, Walter I. Goltra, Mrs. William B. Goode, Mrs. Rowland T. Gooden, G. E. Goodman, Benedict K. Goodman, Mrs. Milton F. Goodman, W. J. Goodman, William E. Goodwin, Clarence Norton Goodwin, George S. Gordon, Colin S. Gordon, Harold J. Gordon, Dr. Richard J. Gordon, Mrs. Robert D. Gorrell, Mrs. Warren Gottlieb, Frederick M. Gould, Jay Gould, Mrs. June K. Grade, Joseph Y. Graham, Douglas Graham, E. V. Graham, Miss Margaret H. Gramm, Mrs. Helen Granger, Mrs. Lillian M. Grant, James D. Grant, John G. Graves, Austin T. Graves, Howard B. Grawoig, Allen Gray, Dr. Earle Gray, Edward Gray, Philip S. Green, Michael Greenacre, Miss Cordelia Ann Greenburg, Dr. Ira E. Greene, Henry E. Greene, Howard T. Greenlee, Mrs. William Brooks Greenman, Mrs. Earl C. Gregory, Stephen S., Jr. Gregory, Tappan Gressens, Otto 108 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Grey, Dr. Dorothy Griffenhagen, Mrs. Edwin O. Griffith, Mrs. Carroll L. Griffith, Mrs. William Griswold, Harold T. Grizzard, James A. Groak, Irwin D. Gronkowski, Rev. C. I. Groot, Cornelius J. Groot, Lawrence A. Grossman, Frank I. Grothenhuis, Mrs. William J. Grotowski, Mrs. Leon Gruhn, Alvah V. Grunow, Mrs. William C. Guenzel, Louis Guest, Ward E. Gurley, Miss Helen K. Gustafson, Gilbert E. Gwinn, William R. Hadley, Mrs. Edwin M. Haffner, Mrs. Charles C, Jr. Hagen, Mrs. Daise Haight, George I. Hair, T. R. Hajicek, Rudolph F. Haldeman, Walter S. Hale, Mrs. Samuel Hales, William M. Hall, Edward B. Hall, Mrs. J. B. Halligan, W. J. Hallmann, Herman F. Halperin, Aaron Halverstadt, Romaine M. Hamm, Fred B. Hammaker, Paul M. Hammerschmidt, Mrs. George F. Hand, George W. Hanley, Henry L. Hann, J. Roberts Hansen, Mrs. Carl Hansen, Mrs. Fred A. Hansen, Jacob W. Hanson, Mrs. Norman R. Harder, John H. Harders, Mrs. Flora Rassweiler Harding, John Cowden Harms, VanDeursen Harper, Alfred C. Harrington, David L. Harris, Mrs. Abraham Harris, David J. Harris, Gordon L. Harris, Stanley G. Hart, Mrs. Herbert L. Hart, Max A. Hart, William M. Hartmann, A. O. Hartshorn, Kenneth L. Hartz, W. Homer Harvey, Byron, III Harvey, Richard M. Harwood, Thomas W. Hass, G. C. Hay, Mrs. William Sherman Hayakawa, Dr. S. I. Hayes, Charles M. Hayes, Harold C. Hayes, Miss Mary E. Haynie, Miss Rachel W. Hays, Mrs. Arthur A. Hayslett, Arthur J. Hazlett, Dr. William H. Hazlett, Mrs. William H. Healy, Vincent Jerrems Heaney, Dr. N. Sproat Hearst, Mrs. Jack W. Heaton, Harry E. Heaton, Herman C. Heffernan, Miss Lili Hefner, Adam Heide, Mrs. Bernard H. Heiman, Marcus Heinzelman, Karl Heinzen, Mrs. Carl Heisler, Francis Hejna, Joseph F. Heldmaier, Miss Marie Helfrich, J. Howard Heller, Albert Heller, John A. Heller, Mrs. Walter E. Hellman, George A. Hellyer, Walter Hemple, Miss Anne C. Henderson, Kenneth M. Henkel, Frederick W. Henley, Dr. Eugene H. Hennings, Mrs. Abraham J. Henry, Huntington B. Henschel, Edmund C. Herbst, LeRoy B. Herron, James C. Herron, Mrs. Oliver L. Hershey, J. Clarence Hertz, Mrs. Fred Hertzberg, Lawrence Herwig, George Herwig, William D., Jr. Herz, Mrs. Alfred Hesse, E. E. Heverly, Earl L. Hibbard, Mrs. Angus S. Hibbard, Mrs. W. G. Hieber, Master J. Patrick Hildebrand, Dr. Eugene, Jr. Hildebrand, Grant M. Hill, Mrs. Russell D. Hille, Dr. Hermann Hillebrecht, Herbert E. Hind, Mrs. John Dwight Hinman, Mrs. Estelle S. Hinrichs, Henry, Jr. Hintz, Mrs. Aurelia Bertol Histed, J. Roland Hixon, Mrs. Frank P. Hodgkinson, Mrs. W. R. Hodgson, Mrs. G. C. Hoefman, Harold L. Hoffman, Miss Elizabeth Hoffmann, Edward Hempstead Hogan, Robert E. Hokin, Mrs. Barney E. Holabird, W. S., Jr. Holden, Edward A. Hollander, Mrs. Samuel Holleb, A. Paul Hollenbach, Louis Holliday, W. J. Hollis, Henry L. Holloway, J. L. Holmberg, Mrs. Adrian O. Holmburger, Max Holmes, Miss Harriet F. Holmes, J. A. Holmes, Mrs. Maud G. Holmes, William Holmes, William N. Holt, Miss Ellen Holt, McPherson Holub, Anthony S. Holzheimer, Carl Homan, Miss Blossom L. Honsik, Mrs. James M. Hoover, Mrs. Fred W. Hoover, H. Earl Hoover, Ray P. Hope, Alfred S. Hopkins, Albert L. Hopkins, Mrs. James M. Hopkins, Mrs. James M., Jr. Horcher, William W. Home, Mrs. William Dodge, Jr. Horner, Mrs. Maurice L., Jr. Hornung, Joseph J. Horton, Mrs. Helen Horton, Horace B. Horween, Arnold Horween, Isidore 109 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS {continued) Hosbein, Louis H. Hovland, Mrs. John P. Howard, Willis G. Howe, Charles Albee Howe, Clinton W. Howe, Mrs. Pierce Layman Howe, Ralph B. Howe, Roger F. Howes, Mrs. Frank W. Howie, Mrs. James E. Howse, Richard G. Howson, Louis R. Hoyne, Miss Susan D. Hoyt, Mrs. Phelps B. Hraback, L. W. Hrdlicka, Mrs. John D. Hubbard, George W. Huber, Dr. Harry Lee Hudson, Miss Katharine J. Hudson, Walter L. Huey, Mrs. A. S. Hufty, Mrs. F. P. Huggins, Dr. Ben H. Huggins, G. A. Hughes, John E. Hume, James P. Humphrey, H. K. Huncke, Herbert S. Huncke, Oswald W. Hunding, B. N. Hunt, George L. Hurd, Ferris E. Hurlbut, Miss Elizabeth J. Hurvitz, H. R. Huska, Mrs. Joseph Hust, George Huszagh, Ralph D. Hutchinson, Foye P. Hutchinson, Samuel S. Hyatt, R. C. Ickes, Raymond W. Idelman, Bernard Igo, Michael L. Ilg, Robert A. Illich, George M., Jr. Ingalls, Allin K. Ingersoll, Mrs. S. L. Inlander, N. Newton Inlander, Samuel Irons, Dr. Ernest E. Isaacs, Charles W., Jr. Isham, Henry P. Ives, Clifford E. Jackson, Allan Jackson, Archer L. Jackson, Mrs. Arthur S. Jackson, Mrs. W. A. Jacobi, Miss Emily C. Jacobs, Julius Jacobs, Mrs. Walter H. Jacobson, Raphael James, Walter C. Jameson, Clarence W. Jancosek, Thomas A. Janson, Dr. C. Helge M. Janusch, Fred W. Jarchow, Mrs. C. E. Jarchow, Charles C. Jarrow, Harry W. Jeffreys, Mrs. Mary M. Jeffries, Dr. Daniel W. Jenkinson, Mrs. Arthur Gilbert Jerger, Wilbur Joseph Jetzinger, David Jirgal, John Jirka, Dr. Frank J. John, Dr. Findley D. Johnson, Dr. Adelaide Johnson, Alvin O. Johnson, Calmer L. Johnson, Mrs. Harley Alden Johnson, Joseph M. Johnson, Nels E. Johnson, Mrs. O. W. Johnson, Olaf B. Johnson, P. Sveinbjorn Johnson, Philip C. Johnston, Edward R. Johnston, Miss Fannie S. Johnston, Mrs. Hubert McBean Johnston, Mrs. M. L. Jolly, Miss Eva Josephine Jonak, Frank J. Jones, Mrs. C. A. Jones, J. Morris Jones, James B. Jones, Dr. Margaret M. Jones, Melvin Jones, Miss Susan E. Joseph, Mrs. Jacob G. Joseph, Louis L. Joy, Guy A. Judson, Clay Juergens, H. Paul Julien, Victor R. Kahn, Mrs. Arthur S. Kahn, Mrs. Henry S. Kahn, J. Kesner Kahn, Jerome J. Kahn, Louis Kaine, James B. Kamins, Dr. Maclyn M. Kane, Jerome M. Kanter, Jerome J. Kaplan, Morris I. Kasch, Frederick M. Katz, Mrs. Sidney L. Katz, Solomon Katzenstein, Mrs. George P. Katzin, Frank Kauffman, Mrs. R. K. Kauffmann, Alfred Kaufman, Justin Kaufmann, Dr. Gustav L. Kavanagh, Clarence H. Kay, Mrs. Marie E. Keach, Benjamin Kehl, Robert Joseph Kehoe, Mrs. High Boles Keith, Stanley Keith, Mrs. Stanley Kelker, Rudolph F., Jr. Kelly, Mrs. Haven Core Kelly, William J. Kemper, Hathaway G. Kemper, Miss Hilda M. Kempner, Harry B. Kempner, Stan Kendall, Mrs. Virginia H. Kendrick, John F. Kennedy, Mrs. E. J. Kennedy, Lesley Kennelly, Martin H. Kenney, Clarence B. Kent, Dr. O. B. Keogh, Gordon E. Kern, Mrs. August Kern, H. A. Kern, Dr. Nicholas H. Kern, Trude Kerwin, Edward M. Kestnbaum, Meyer Kettering, Mrs. Eugene W. Kew, Mrs. Stephen M. Kidwell, L. B. Kiessling, Mrs. Charles S. Kile, Miss Jessie J. Kimball, William W. Kimbark, John R. King, Clinton B. King, Joseph H. Kingman, Mrs. Arthur G. Kinsey, Robert S. Kirkland, Mrs. Weymouth Kirst, Lyman R. Kitchell, Howell W. Kitzelman, Otto Kleinpell, Dr. Henry H. Kleist, Mrs. Harry Kleppinger, William H. Kleutgen, Dr. Arthur C. Klinetop, Mrs. Charles W. 110 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Knickerbocker, Miss Paula Knopf, Andrew J. Knutson, George H. Koch, Mrs. Fred J. Koch, Raymond J. Koch, Robert J. Kochs, August Koehnlein, Wilson O. Kohler, Eric L. Konsberg, Alvin V. Kopf, Miss Isabel Koppenaal, Dr. Elizabeth Thompson Kornblith, Mrs. Howard G. Kosobud, William F. Kotal, John A. Kotin, George N. Koucky, Dr. J. D. Kovac, Stefan Krafft, Mrs. Walter A. Kraft, John H. Kraft, Norman Kralovec, Emil G. Kralovec, Mrs. Otto J. Kramer, Leroy Kraus, Peter J. Kraus, Samuel B. Krautter, L. Martin Kresl, Carl Kretschmer, Herman L., Jr. Krez, Leonard O. Krider, E. A. Kroehler, Kenneth Kropff, C. G. Krost, Dr. Gerard N. Kuehn, A. L. Kuh, Mrs. Edwin J., Jr. Kuhn, Frederick T. Kuhn, Dr. Hedwig S. Kunka, Bernard J. Kunstadter, Albert Kunstadter, Sigmund W. Kurfess, John Fredric Kurtz, W. O. Kurtzon, Morris Lacey, Miss Clara R. Lacey, Miss Edith M. Lafiin, Louis E., Jr. Laflin, Louis E., Ill Laing, William Lambert, C. A. Lampert, Wilson W. Lanahan, Mrs. M. J. Lane, F. Howard Lane, Ray E. Lang, Edward J. Langenbach.Mrs.AliceR. Langford, Mrs. Robert E. Langhorne, George Tayloe Lanman, E. B. Lansinger, Mrs. John M. Larimer, Howard S. Larsen, Samuel A. Larson, Mrs. Sarah G. Lassers, Sanford B. Latshaw, Dr. Blair S. Lauren, Newton B. Lautmann, Herbert M. La vers, A. W. Lavezzorio, Mrs. J. B. Lavezzorio, N. J. Lavidge, Arthur W. Law, Mrs. Robert O. Lawless, Dr. Theodore K. Lawson, David A. Lax, John Franklin Layden, Michael J. Lazar, Maurice Lazear, George C. Leahy, James F. Leahy, Thomas F. Leavell, James R. LeBaron, Miss Edna Lebold, Samuel N. Lebolt, John Michael Lederer, Dr. Francis L. Lee, David Arthur Lee, Mrs. John H. S. Lefens, Miss Katherine J. Lefens, Walter C. Leichenko, Peter M. Leight, Mrs. Albert E. Leland, Miss Alice J. Leland, Mrs. Rosco G. LeMoon, A. R. Lennon, George W. Lenz, J. Mayo Leonard, Arthur T. Lerch, William H. Leslie, Dr. Eleanor I. Leslie, John Woodworth Lessman, Gerhard LeTourneau, Mrs. Robert Leverone, Louis E. Levinson, Mrs. Salmon O. Levitan, Benjamin Levy, Alexander M. Levy, Arthur G. Lewis, Mrs. Ellis R. Lewy, Dr. Alfred L'Hommedieu, Arthur Liebman, A. J. Lillyblade, Clarence 0. Lindahl, Mrs. Edward J. Linden, John A. Lindheimer, B. F. Lingle, Bowman C. Liss, Samuel Little, Mrs. E. H. Littler, Harry E., Jr. Livingston, Julian M. Livingston, Mrs. Milton L. Llewellyn, Paul Lloyd, Glen A. Lochman, Philip Loeb, Hamilton M. Loewenberg, Israel S. Loewenberg, M. L. Loewenherz, Emanuel Loewenstein, Richard M. Logan, L. B. Long, William E. Loomis, Reamer G. Lord, Arthur R. Lord, John S. Lord, Mrs. Russell Loucks, Charles O. Louer, Albert E. M. Louis, Mrs. John J. Love, Chase W. Lovgren, Carl Lucey, Patrick J. Ludolph, Wilbur M. Lueder, Arthur C. Lunding, Franklin J. Luria, Herbert A. Lusk, R. R. Lustgarten, Samuel Lydon, Robert R. Lyford, Harry B. Lynch, J. W. Lyon, Charles H. Mabee, Mrs. Melbourne MacDonald, E. K. Maclntyre, Mrs. M. K. MacKenzie, William J. Mackey, Frank J. Mackinson, Dr. John C. MacLellan, K. F. MacMullen, Dr. Delia M. MacMurray, Mrs. Donald Madlener, Mrs. Albert F., Jr. Madlener, Otto Maehler, Edgar E. Magan, Miss Jane A. Magerstadt, Madeline Magill, John R. Magnus, Albert, Jr. Magnuson, Mrs. Paul Maher, Mrs. D. W. Main, Walter D. Majors, Mrs. B. S. Maling, Albert Malone, William H. Manaster, Harry Mandel, Mrs. Aaron W. Ill ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Mandel, Edwin F. Mandel, Miss Florence Mandel, Mrs. Robert Manegold, Mrs. Frank W. Manierre, Francis E. Manierre, Louis Manley, John A. Manz, Mrs. Carolyn D. Maremont, Arnold H. Mark, Mrs. Cyrus Mark, Griffith Marquart, Arthur A. Marsh, A. Fletcher Marsh, John McWilliams, II Marsh, Mrs. John P. Marsh, Mrs. Marshall S. Marston, Mrs. Thomas B. Martin, Mrs. George B. Martin, George F. Martin, Samuel H. Martin, Wells Martin, Mrs. William P. Marx, Adolf Marx, Frederick Z. Marzluff, Frank W. Marzola, Leo A. Mason, Willard J. Massee, B. A. Massey, Peter J. Masterson, Peter Mathesius, Mrs. Walther Matson, J. Edward Matter, Mrs. John Maurer, Dr. Siegfried Maxant, Basil Maxwell, Lloyd R. Mayer, Frank D. Mayer, Mrs. Herbert G. Mayer, Herman J., Jr. Mayer, Isaac H. Mayer, Leo Mayer, Oscar F. Mayer, Oscar G. Mayer, Theodore S. Mazurek, Miss Olive McAloon, Owen J. McAlvin, Mrs. James H. McArthur, Billings M. McBirney, Mrs. Hugh J. McCahey, James B. McCarthy, Joseph W. McCausland, Mrs. Clara L. McClun, John M. McCord, Downer McCormick, Mrs. Chauncey McCormick, Fowler McCormick, Howard H. McCormick, Leander J. McCormick, Robert H., Jr. McCrea, Mrs. W. S. McCready, Mrs. E. W. McCreight, Louis Ralph McCutcheon, Mrs. John T. McDonald, E. F., Jr. McDonald, Lewis McDougal, Mrs. JamesB. McDougal, Mrs. Robert McErlean, Charles V. McGraw, Max McGurn, Matthew S. Mcintosh, Arthur T. Mcintosh, Mrs. Walter G. McKenna, Dr. Charles H, McKinney, Mrs. Hayes McLennan, Donald R., Jr. McLennan, Mrs. Donald R.. Sr. McLennan, William L. McMenemy, Logan T. McMillan, James G. McMillan, John McMillan, W. B. McNamara, Louis G. McNamee, Peter F. McNulty, Joseph D. McQuarrie, Mrs. Fannie McVoy, John M. Mead, Dr. Henry C. A. Medsker, Dr. Ora L. Melcher, George Clinch Melnick, Leopold B. Merrell, John H. Merriam, Miss Eleanor Merrill, Miss Marion E. Merrill, William W. Metz, Dr. Arthur R, Meyer, Mrs. A. H. Meyer, Abraham W. Meyer, Dr. Charles A. Meyer, Charles Z. Meyerhoff, A. E. Meyers, Erwin A. Meyers, Jonas Michaels, Everett B. Michel, Dr. William J. Midowicz, C. E. Mielenz, Robert K. Milburn, Miss Anne L. Milhening, Frank Miller, Miss Bertie E. Miller, Mrs. Clayton W. Miller, Mrs. Donald J. Miller, Mrs. F. H. Miller, Mrs. George Miller, Hyman Miller, John S. Miller, Mrs. Olive Beaupre Miller, Oren Elmer Miller, Oscar C. Miller, Mrs. Phillip Miller, R. T., Jr. Mills, Allen G. Mills, Lloyd Langdon Miner, Dr. Carl S. Minturn, Benjamin E. Mitchell, John J. Mitchell, Leeds Mitchell, Oliver Mock, Dr. Harry Edgar Moderwell, Charles M. Moist, Mrs. Samuel E. Mojonnier, Timothy Mollan, Mrs. Feme T. Molloy, David J. Mong, Mrs. C. R. Monheimer, Henry I. Moore, Chester G. Moore, Paul, Moore, Philip Wyatt Moran, Miss Margaret Morey, Dr. Charles W. Morf, F. William Morrison, Mrs. C. R. Morrison, Mrs. Harry Morrison, James C. Morrow, Mrs. John, Jr. Morse, Mrs. Charles J. Morse, Leland R. Morse, Mrs. Milton M. Morse, Robert H. Morton, Sterling Moses, Howard A. Moss, Jerome A. Mouat, Andrew J. Moxon, Dr. George W. Moyer, E. J. T. Moyer, Mrs. Paul S. Mudge, Mrs. John B. Muehlstein, Mrs. Charles Mueller, Austin M. Mueller, Miss Hedwig H. Mueller, J. Herbert Mueller, Paul H. Mulford, Miss Melinda Jane Mulhern, Edward F. Munroe, Moray Murphy, Joseph D. Murphy, O. R. Murphy, Robert E. Muszynski, John J. Myrland, Arthur L. Naber, Henry G. Naess, Sigurd E. Nagel, Mrs. Frank E. Nance, Willis D. 112 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Naumann, Miss Susan Nebel, Herman C. Neely, Mrs. Lloyd F. Nehls, Arthur L. Nellegar, Mrs. Jay C. Nelson, Arthur W. Nelson, Charles G. Nelson, Donald M. Nelson, Victor W, Neuman, Sidney Neumann, Arthur E. Newberger, Joseph Michael Newhall, R. Frank Newhouse, Karl H. Newman, Mrs. Albert A. Newman, Charles H. Nichols, J. C. Nilsson, Mrs. Goodwin M. Nishkian, Mrs. Vaughn G. Nitze, Mrs. William A. Noble, Samuel R. Nollau, Miss Emma Noonan, Edward J. Norman, Harold W. Norris, Mrs. Lester Norton, Christopher D. Novak, Charles J. Noyes, A. H. Noyes, Allan S. Noyes, Mrs. May Wells Nufer, Gene Nusbaum, Mrs. Hermien D. Nyman, Dr. John Egbert Gates, James F. Oberf elder, Herbert M. Oberfelder, Walter S. Obermaier, John A. O'Brien, Miss Janet O'Connell, Edmund Daniel Odell, William R., Jr. Offield, James R. Oglesbee, Nathan H. O'Keefe, Mrs. Dennis D. O'Keeffe, William F. Olaison, Miss Eleanor O. Oldberg, Dr. Eric Oldefest, Edward G. Oleson, Wrisley B. Olin, Carl E. Oliver, Mrs. Paul Olsen, Miss Agnes J. Olsen, Mrs. Arthur O. Olson, Gustaf Olson, Rudolph J. O'Neil, Dr. Owen Onofrio, Mrs. Michael J. Ooms, Casper William Opeka, Frank M. Oppenheimer, Mrs. Harry D. OrndofF, Dr. Benjamin H. O'Rourke, Albert Orr, Mrs. Robert C. Orr, Thomas C. Orthal, A. J. Ortmayer, Dr. Marie Osborn, Theodore L. Ostrom, Mrs. J. Augustus Otis, J. Sanford Otis, Joseph E. Otis, Joseph Edward, Jr. Otis, Stuart Huntington Paasche, Jens A. Packard, Dr. Rollo K. Paepcke, Walter P. Page, John W. Pallasch, Dr. Gervaise P. Palm, Felix Palmer, James L. Palmgren, Mrs. Charles A. Pandaleon, Costa A. Pardee, Harvey S. Pardridge, Mrs. E. W. Park, R. E. Parker, Norman S. Parker, Troy L. Parks, C. R. Parmelee, Dr. A. H. Parry, Mrs. Norman G. Partridge, Lloyd C. Paschen, Mrs. Henry Pashkow, A. D. Patterson, Grier D. Patterson, Mrs. L. B. Patzelt, Miss Janet Peabody, Howard B. Peabody, Miss Susan W. Pearl, Allen S. Pearse, Langdon Pearson, George Albert, Jr. Peck, Dr. David B. Peirce, Albert E. Pencik, Jan M. PenDell, Charles W. Percy, Dr. Mortimer Nelson Perel, Harry Z. Perkins, Mrs. Herbert F. Perlman, Daniel Perry, Mrs. I. Newton Peter, William F. Peters, Harry A. Petersen, Elmer M. Petersen, Jurgen Peterson, Axel A. Peterson, Mrs. Bertha I. Peterson, Mrs. Richard E. Pfaelzer, Miss Elizabeth W. Pflock, Dr. John J. Phelps, Mrs. W. L. Phillips, Dr. Herbert Morrow Phillips, Mervyn C. Phoenix, George E. Pick, Albert, Jr. Pick, Frederic G. Pierce, J. Norman Pierce, Paul, Jr. Pierson, Joseph B. Pink, Mrs. Ira M. Pirie, Mrs. John T. Plapp, Miss Doris A. Piatt, Edward Vilas Piatt, Mrs. Robert S. Plummer, Comer Pobloske, Albert C. Podell, Mrs. Beatrice Hayes Polk, Mrs. Stella F. Pollak, Charles A. Poole, Mrs. Marie R. Pope, Herbert Poppenhagen, Henry J. Porter, Charles H. Porter, Edward C. Porter, Mrs. Frank S. Porter, Henry H. Porter, Louis Porter, Mrs. Sidney S. Portis, Dr. Sidney A. Post, Mrs. Philip Sidney Pottenger, William A. Potts, Albert W. Poulson, Mrs. Clara L. Powills, Michael A. Pratt, Mrs. William E. Pray, Max Prentice, John K. Price, John McC. Primley, Walter S. Prince, Mrs. Arthur C. Prince, Harry Prince, Rev. Herbert W. Prince, Leonard M. Pritchard, Richard E. Probst, Marvin G. Proxmire, Dr. Theodore Stanley Prussing, Mrs. R. E. Pucci, Lawrence Puckey, F. W. Pur cell, Joseph D. Purcey, Victor W. Putnam, Miss Mabel C. 113 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Puttkammer, E. W, Pyterek, Rev. Peter H. Quick, Miss Hattiemae Raber, Franklin Racheff, Ivan Radford, Mrs. W. A., Jr. Radniecki, Rev. Stanley Raff, Mrs. Arthur Raftree, Miss Julia M. Railton, Miss Frances Ramis, Leon Lipman Randall, Rev. Edwin J. Randall, Irving Raney, Mrs. R. J. Rankin, Miss Jessie H. Rassweiler, August Rathje, Frank C. Raymond, Dr. Albert L. Raymond, Mrs. Howard D. Razim, A. J. Reach, Benjamin F. Reals, Miss Lucile Farnsworth, Jr. Redfield, William M. Redington, F. B. Reed, Mrs. Frank D. Reed, Mrs. Lila H. Reed, Norris H. Reed, Mrs. Philip L. Regan, Mrs. Robert G. Rengenstein, Joseph Regnery, Frederick L. Regnery, William H. Reid, Mrs. Bryan Reilly, Vincent P. Reingold, J. J. Remy, Mrs. William Renaldi, George J. Renshaw, Mrs. Charles ReQua, Mrs. Charles Howard, Jr. ReQua, Haven A. Rew, Mrs. Irwin Reynolds, Mrs. G. William Reynolds, Harold F. Rhodes, Charles M. Rice, Mrs. Charles R. Rice, Laurence A. Rich, Elmer Rich, Harry Richards, Mrs. Bartlett Richards, Donald Richards, Marcus D. Richardson, George A. Richardson, Guy A. Richter, Mrs. Adelyn W. Ridgeway, Ernest Rieser, Leonard M. 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Schuyler, Mrs. Daniel J., Jr. Schwab, Laurence E. Schwander, J. J. Schwandt, Miss Erna Schwanke, Arthur Schwartz, Charles K. Schwartz, Charles P. Schwartz, Dr. Otto Schwarz, Herbert E. Schwinn, Frank W. Sclanders, Mrs. Alexander Scott, Miss Maud E. 114 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Scribner, Gilbert Searle, Daniel C. Searle, William L. Sears, Miss Dorothy Sears, J. Alden Seaton, G. Leland Seaverns, Louis C. Sedgwick, C. Galen See, Dr. Agnes Chester Seeberger, Miss Dora A. Seeburg, Justus P. Segal, Victor Seifert, Mrs. Walter J. Seip, Emil G. Seipp, Clarence T. Seipp, Edwin A., Jr. Seipp, William C. Sello, George W. Sencenbaugh, Mrs. C. W. Senne, John A. Serota, Dr. H. M. Shaffer, Carroll Shakman, James G. Shanahan, Mrs. David E. Shanesy, Ralph D. Shannon, Angus Roy Shapiro, Meyer Sharpe, N. M. Shaw, Alfred P. Shaw, Mrs. Arch W. Sheldon, James M. Shelton, Dr. W. Eugene Shepherd, Mrs. Edith P. Shepherd, Miss Olive M. Sherman, Mrs. W. W. Shields, James Culver Shillestad, John N. 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Thomas, Dr. William A. Thompson, Arthur H. Thompson, Edward F. Thompson, Ernest H. Thompson, Floyd E. Thompson, Dr. George F. Thompson, John E. Thompson, John R., Jr. Thome, Hallett W. Thornton, Roy V. Thresher, C. J. Thulin, F. A. Tibbetts, Mrs. N. L. Tilden, Louis Edward Tilt, Charles A. Tobey, William Robert Tobias, Clayton H. Todt, Mrs. Edward G. Torbet, A. W. Torosian, Peter G. Torrence, George P. Touchstone, John Henry Towler, Kenneth F. Towne, Mrs. John D. C. Traer, Glenn W. Trask, Arthur C. Traylor, Mrs. Melvin A., Jr. Traylor, Mrs. Melvin A., Sr. Treadwell, H. A. Trees, Merle J. Trenkmann, Richard A. Tripp, Chester D. Trombly, Dr. F. F. Trowbridge, Mrs. A. Buel, Jr. Trude, Mrs. Mark W. True, Charles H. Tumpeer, Joseph J. Turck, J. A. V. Turner, Alfred M. Turner, G. H. Turner, Mrs. Horace E. Tuthill, Gray B. Tyler, Thomas, S. Ullmann, Herbert S. Upham, Mrs. Frederic W. Uriell, Francis H. Utter, Mrs. Arthur J. Vacin, Emil F. Valentine, Andrew L. Valentine, Mrs. May L. 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White, Selden Freeman Whiting, Mrs. Adele H. Whiting, Lawrence H. Widdicombe, Mrs. R. A. Wieland, Charles J. Wieland, Mrs. George C. Wienhoeber, George V. Wilcox, Robyn Wilder, Harold, Jr. Wilder, Mrs. John E. Wilder, Mrs. Paul 116 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Wilker, Mrs. Milton W. Wilkey, Fred S. Wilkinson, Mrs. George L. Wilkinson, John C. Willems, Dr. J. Daniel Willens, Joseph R. Willey, Mrs. Charles B. Williams, J. M. Williams, Kenneth Williams, Rowland L. Williamson, George H. Willis, Paul, Jr. Willis, Thomas H, Willner, Benton Jack, Jr. Wilms, Hermann P. Wilson, Edward Foss Wilson, H. B., Sr. Wilson, Mrs. John R. Wilson, Miss Lillian M. Wilson, Morris Karl Wilson, Mrs. Robert E. Wilson, William Winans, Frank F. Windsor, H. H., Jr. Winston, Hampden Winston, James H. Winston, Mrs. James H. Winter, Irving Wolf, Mrs. Albert H. Wolf, Walter B. Wolfe, Lloyd R. Wood, Mrs. Gertrude D. Wood, Mrs. Hettie R. Wood, Kay Wood, Mrs. R. Arthur Wood, Robert E. Wood, William G. 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R. Delph, Dr. John F. Dickey, Roy Deceased, 1953 DuBois, Laurence M. Eddy, Thomas H. Erskine, Albert de Wolf Eustice, Mrs. Alfred L. Falk, Miss Amy Faulkner, Miss Elizabeth Ferry, Mrs. Frank F. Fitzpatrick, Mrs. John A. Freedman, Dr. I. Val Friestedt, Arthur A. Gardner, Mrs. James P. Gerber, Max Golden, Dr. Isaac J. K. Graff, Oscar C. Green, Robert D. Griest, Mrs. Marianna L. Gross, Henry R. Guthman, Edwin I. Hartwig, Otto J. Haskell, Mrs. George E. Hills, Edward R. Jackson, Miss Laura E. Jennings, Ode D. Kimball, David W. Kraft, James L. Lebold, Foreman N. Levitetz, Nathan Loewenthal, Richard J. McCormack, Prof. Harry Moeling, Mrs. Walter G. Monroe, William S. Norton, R. H. Pitzner, Alwin Frederick Plunkett, William H. Poor, Fred A. Redmond, Forrest H. Robson, Miss Sarah C. Rogerson, Everett E. Schnering, Otto Y. Scott, Robert L. Shields, James Culver Silverthorne, George M. Silvertongue, Mrs. Ray Smith, Charles Herbert Steffey, David R. Thornton, Dr. Francis E. Tuttle, Mrs. Henry N. Weil, Mrs. Leon Weinzelbaum, Louis L. Wells, Harry L. Werner, Frank A. Wetten, Albert H. Woodmansee, Fay 117 NON'RESIDENT ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Those, residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, who have contributed $50 to the Museum Baum, Mrs. James Brigham, Miss Lucy M. Carlson, Elmer G. Lindboe, S. R. Meevers, Harvey Mitchell, W. A. Porter, Dr. Eliot F. Niederhauser, Homer Stevens, Edmund W. Phillips, Montagu Austin Trott, James Edwards SUSTAINING MEMBERS Those who contribute $25 annually to the Museum Bingham, Carl G. Crooks, Harry D. Holmblad, Dr. Edward C. Kraus, William C. Lamons, Dr. Donald C. Levi, Julian H. Mabson, Miss Eugenie A. Pope, John W. Prall, Bert R. Ross, Earl Scott, Willis H. Smith, J. P. Uihlein, Edgar J., Jr. Vanlandingham, Charles C. Wilson, D. H. ANNUAL MEMBERS Those who contribute $1 0 annually to the Museum Abbell, Joseph J. Abbott, Mrs. Howard C. Abeles, Alfred T. Acosta, J. D. Adams, Mrs. Carleton B. Adams, Cyrus H. Adams, Cyrus H., Ill Adams, Harvey M. Adams, Hugh R., Jr. Adler, David Adler, William H. Adsit, Harold C. Albade, Wells T. Alderdyce, D. D. Allais, Mrs. Arthur L. Allaway, William H. Allen, Amos G. Allen, Dr. C. E. Allen, Charles W. Allen, Frank W. Allen, Joseph M. Allmart, William S. Allyn, Arthur C. Alschuler, Alfred S., Jr. Alton, Robert LesHe Amberg, Harold V. Amberg, Miss Mary Agnes American, John G. Amtman, Dr. Leo Anderson, A. B. Anderson, Hugo A. Anderson, J. W. Anderson, Kenneth H. Andreas, Osborn Andresen, Raymond H. Annan, Dr. Cornelius M. Appel, Dr. David M. Arado, A. D. Archer, Ralph C. Armstrong, William A. ArnkofT, Dr. Morris Arnold, Robert M. Arntzen, John C. Arthur, Robert S. Arthur, Mrs. W. R. Arvey, Mrs. Jacob M. Ashcraft, Edwin M., Ill Asher, Frederick Atwood, Carl E. Auer, George A. Austerlade, William R. Austin, Edwin C. Austin, Mrs. Henry Warren Austin, Dr. Margaret Howard Austrian, Mrs. H. S. Avery, Guy T. Avery, Robert N. Babbitt, Mrs. Ross M. Bachman, E. E. Backman, C. E. Badgerow, Harve Gordon Baer, Arthur A. Bailey, George R. Bailey, Mrs. Warren G. Baker, Mrs. Marion Herbert Baldwin, Mrs. Amy G. Baldwin, John R. Walsh Balfanz, Henry W. Ballard, Mrs. E. S. Ballis, S. R. Bankard, E. Hoover, Jr. Banker, O. H. Barancik, Maurice A. Barancik, Richard M. Barber, H. B. Bard, Albert T. Bard, Ralph Austin, Jr. Bard, Roy E. Barke, Oscar A. Barker, C. R. Barker, James M. 118 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Barkhausen, Mrs. Henry G. Barnes, Mrs. Harold Osborne Barnes, William H. Barnow, David H. Baroody, E. T. Barr, Charles L. Barrett, Miss Adela Barrett, Lawrence H. Barriger, John W., Ill Bartholomay, Henry C. Bartholomay, William, Jr. Bartlett, George S. Bartoli, Peter Bass, Charles Bast, O. D. Bates, Dr. A. Allan Baukus, J. Algert Bauman, P. J. Bauman, Walter J. Baxter, Mark L. Bay, Dr. Emmet B. Beach, George R., Jr. Beall, R. M. Bean, Ferrel M. Beatty, Gilbert A. Beatty, Ross J., Jr. Beaumont, D. R. Becherer, Robert C. Beck, Miss Elsa C. 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Chesrow, David S. Chessman, Stanley L. Chester, W. T. Childs, Leonard C. Childs, William C. Chor, Dr. Herman Chrissinger, Horace B. Christian, John F. Christ- Janer, Albert Christmann, Valentine H. Christopher, Dr. G. L. Chulock, Willmar, A. Church, Freeman S. Church, William S. Chutkow, R. I. Citterman, Solomon Clark, Dean M. Clark, Glenn A. Clark, Dr. James Wilson Clark, John H. Clark, Mrs. Kenneth L. Clark, Mrs. Ralph E. Clarke, H. G. Clarke, Mrs. Philip R. Cleaver, J. B. Cleaver, Mrs. Russell G. Clements, G. L. Clements, Howard P., Jr. Clifford, J. S. Clifton, 0. W. Cline, Lyle B. Clizbe, Mrs. F. O. Close, Gordon R. Close, James W. Cloud, Hugh S. Clovis, Paul C. Cluxton, Dr. Harley E., Jr. Clyne, R. W. Coates, E. Hector Cobb, Boughton Cobbey, J. A. Coburn, Abbott Coen, Thomas M. Coffin, T. R. Coggeshall, Dr. Chester Cogswell, G. E. Cohen, Archie H. Cohen, Harry Cohen, Louis L. Cohn, David Colbert, Charles A. Colby, Bernard G. Coldiron, Harry A. Cole, Dr. Warren H. Cole, Willard W. Collier, Mrs. Corina Melder Collier, J. J. Collins, Arthur W. Collins, Mrs. Frank P. Collins, William M., Jr. Colmes, Walter Colvin, Miss Bonnie Colwell, Mrs. Donald L. Combs, Earle M., Jr. Comstock, Dr. F. H. Condon, E. J. Congdon, Dr. Charles B. Conn, Warner S. Connery, John M. Connors, WilHam J. Consoer, Arthur W. Cook, Harry L. Cook, Junius F., Jr. Cook, Leslie H. Cook, Sherman, R. Cook, Wallace L. Cooke, Edwin GofT Cooke, Thomas Edward Cooley, Charles C. Cooper, Lee Cooper, S. Robert Corcoran, Thomas J. Cordray, Mrs David P. Corliss, Allen G. Cotter, James W. Cotterman, L D. Cotton, Eugene Coubeau, A. Frank Coulon, Dr. Albert E. Coutandin, Hugo Coutney, Worth C. Covington, John R. Cowles, Alfred Cox, Arthur M. Cox, Henry L. Coy, C. Lynn Crabtree, Samuel A. Cragg, Mrs. George L. Craigmile, Charles S. Cram, Mrs. Norman Crawford, Henriques Craycraft, Mrs. Douglas Cremer, Carl Cretors, C. J. Crew, Ben L. Crisp, Marion Cole Cronin, James J. Cronin, Kevin W. Cross, Robert C. Cross, Dr. Roland R., Jr. Crowe, Philip K. Crown, Mrs. Mary Crown, Robert Crowson, George M. Cruttenden, Walter W. 120 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Culbertson, James G. Cullinan, George J. Culmer, Dr. Charles U. Culver, Bernard W. Culver, Sydney K. Gumming, Bruce Cummings, Dexter Cummings, Nathan Cummings, Thomas N. Cummings, Tilden Cummins, Dr. George M., Jr. Gump, Percy W., Jr. Cuneo, Francis J. Cuneo, John A. Cunningham, Bernard J. Cunningham, J. Lester Cunningham, Robert M. Cunningham, Seymour S. Curtis, John G. Curtis, Paul Cushman, Dr. Beulah Cushman, Robert S. Czachorski, John F. Dahlin, Carl A. Dallwig, P. G. Daly, James J. Dapples, George H. Darby, John H. Darby, Raymond J. Darling, Dr. Duane D. Darrow, William W. Daspit, Walter David, J. Philip David, Sigmund W. Davidson, Louis G. Davis, Benjamin B. Davis, Mrs. Charles P. Davis, Charles S. Davis, Mrs. DeWitt, III Davis, George T. Davis, Hugh Davis, Paul H. Davis, Ralph W. Day, Howard Q. Day, Mrs. Lewis J. Dean, John S. DeCosta, H. J. Dee, P. J. Deknatel, Frederick H., II DeLong, J. I. DeMotte, R. J. DeParcq, William H. DePencier, Mrs. Joseph R. Deree, WiUiam S. Dess, William DeTolve, Anthony J. DeTrana, Dr. George Devery, John J. Devine, Matthew L. Dewey, Alexander DeWitt, Clyde F. DeWitt, E. J. Dick, Mrs. Edison Dick, Mrs. Robert F. Dicken, Mrs. Clinton 0. Dickerson, Earl B. Diggs, Dr. N. Alfred Dilibert, S. B. Diller, Robert Dillon, W. M. Dinkelman, Harry Dixon, Mrs. Wesley M. Dobkin, I. Doctoroff, John Dodd, Walter F. Doern, Philip Dolan, Tom Domville, Mrs. Millington Donahue, Elmer W. Doody, Miss Kitty Dooley, Dr. Robert D. Doolittle, John R. Dorpols, Frank L. Dorsey, John K. Dos6, Raymond W. Dougherty, Mrs. Jean E. Douglass, Dr. Thomas C. Dovenmuehle, George H. Downs, Charles S. Downs, James C, Jr. Drake, Charles R. Drake, Robert T. Dreyfus, Maurice M. Driscoll, Robert Drummond, John M. Dry, Meyer Dubin, Joseph DuflFy, John I. Duggan, Charles F. Dunbeck, Mrs. Norman J. Dunigan, Edward B. Dunkleman, Gabriel Dunphy, Charles S. Dunwody, A. B. Duval, Nathaniel E. Dvonch, Dr. William J. Eagan, S. F. Earle, Howard Granger Earlandson, Ralph O. Early, Preston H. Echt, Bernard Echt, George Eck, Donald R. Eddy, Alfred K. Eddy, Philip E. Edelson, Dave Edelstone, Benjamin J. Edgerly, Daniel W. Edmonds, C. W. Edmonds, Robert K. Egan, A. J. Eger, Edmond I. Ehler, Herbert Ehnborn, Gustave B. EhrHch, Arthur A. Eiger, Richard Norris Eisenberg, David B. Eismann, William Elden, A. D. Eldred, G. Lane Eldred, Mrs. Harriot W. Elkan, Leo H. Ellington, J. E. Ellis, Cecil Homer Ellis, Franklin Courtney Ellis, Mrs. G. Corson Ellis, Hubert C. Emanuelson, Conrad R. Emch, Arnold F. Emery, DeWitt Emery, Mrs. Fred A. Endicott, DeWitt Engebretson, Einar N. Engh, Harold V. Entsminger, Samuel E. Enzweiler, W. P. Erickson, L. Hyland Eshbaugh, C. Harold Esserman, Irving Essley, E. Porter Evans, Keith J. Evans, Vernon K. Everett, William S. Evers, John W., Jr. Eager, Raymond Alton Fahlstrom, Dr. Stanley Faissler, John J. Falk, Dr. Alfred B. Fallis, Mrs. J. M. Falls, Dr. F. H. Fantus, Ernest L. Farley, Mrs. Ruth M. McReynolds Farlow, Arthur C. Farls, Miss Genevieve M. Farnsworth, Mrs. George J. Farr, A. V. Farrell, Mrs. Ernest H. Farrell, Dr. Leonard F. Farwell, Albert D. Faulhaber, John M. Feinberg, Louis Fell, Dr. Egbert H. Fellers, Francis S. Fellowes, H. Folger Fellowes, Harry L. Felsenthal, H, J. 121 ANNUAL MEMBERS {continued) Fenemore, Miss Elisabeth Fenn, John F. Fenn, Robert S. Fensholt, A. H. Fentress, Calvin, Jr. Fentress, James, Jr. Fenyes, Dr. George Ferguson, J. F. Ferrall, James P. Ferrara, Salvatore Ferry, Mrs. Frank Field, Mrs. James A. Field, John S. Field, Mrs. William A. Fields, Sidney M. Fiffer, Robert S. Fifielski, Edwin P. Finch, Herman M. Fink, Mrs. Frank Finn, B. L. Finston, Albert Leo Fischer, Mrs. Louis E. Fish, Mrs. Sigmund C. Fisher, Maurice Fisher, Nathan Fishman, Samuel Fiske, Kenneth M. Fitzgerald, Dr. J. E. Fitzgerald, R. W. Fitzmorris, Mrs. Charles C, Sr. Fitzmorris, James Fletcher, Joseph Flick, Frank Floreen, Adolph R. Florian, Anton G. Florsheim, Leonard S. Flynn, Mrs. A. D. Flynn, Edgar A. Foley, Dr. Edmund F. Follansbee, Rogers Ford, Dr. Charles A. Foster, Mrs. Kellam Foster, Robert S. Foulks, William Fowle, Frank F., Jr. Fowler, Clifford C. Fowler, Mrs. Earle B. Fox, Clarence E. Fraerman, Henry S. Frank, Augustus J. Frank, Mrs. Davis S. Frank, Marvin Frank, Raymond W. Frankenbush, O. E. Franz, Herbert G. Frasier, Richard C. Freda, Dr. Vincent C. Freeman, David A. Freeto, Clarence E. Fremont, Miss Ruby Freund, Mrs. I. H. Friedberg, Dr. Stanton A. Friedeman, Richard F. Friedeman, William S. Frieder, Edward Friedlob, Fred M. Frisk, Frank O. Frosh, Louis E. Fruchtman, Edward J. Frye, W. P. Frystak, A. J. Fugard, John R. Fuhry, Joseph G. Fuller, Mrs. Eugene White Fuller, Mrs. Harry H. Furey, Dr. Warren W. Furth, Lee J. Futterer, C. O. Gabel, Walter H. Gage, Edward S. Gage, John N. Galanti, Mrs. Charles P. Gale, Abram Gale, M. J. Gallagher, Miss Alice H. Gallauer, William Gallery, Mrs. Daniel J. Galvin, Richard J. GaMache, Louis L. Gansbergen, R. H. Gardner, Henry K. Garland, J. S. Garlington, William M. Gary, Charles V. Gary, Theodore S. Gatzert, Mrs. August Gaudio, Charles C. Gaylord, Mrs. Sol H. Gebhardt, Mrs. Ernest A. Gebhardt, Mrs. Evelyn M. Gee, James W. Gekas, John C. Gellman, Allen B. Gelperin, Dr. Jules Genther, Charles B. Georgeson, J. T. Geraghty, James K. Geraghty, Mrs. Thomas F. Gerlach, Norman H. Gerrard, J. M. Gettleman, Samuel R. Getz, Oscar Gianaras, Alec K. Gibbs, A. E. Gibbs, George M. Gibson, Paul Gibson, Truman K., Jr. Gidwitz, Gerald Gidwitz, Willard Gifford, Harry N., Jr. Giles, Dr. Chauncey D. Giles, John O. Gill, Joseph L. Gillett, W. N. Gillies, Fred M. Gilroy, John F. Gitelson, Dr. Maxwell Gits, Mrs. Remi J., Sr. Glade, George H., Jr. Glader, Frank J. Glaman, Miss Johanna C. Glassner, James J. Glattfeld, Prof. John W. E. Glick, Louis G. Glover, Chester L. Goble, G. B. Goder, Joseph Goebel, Louis H. Goessele, John H. Goettsch, Walter J. Goetz, Carl L. Goldberg, Bertrand Golden, John H. Goldschmidt, M. Goldsmith, E. G. Goldstein, Mrs. Benjamin F. Golman, Joseph J. Gomberg, Dr. Harry Gonnerman, Mrs. Allan W. Goodall, John C. Goodbar, Harry L. Goodenough, S. W. Goodhart, Mrs. H. J. Gooding, Robert E. Goodrich, Miss Juliet T. Goodson, Orr Gordon, Edward Gordon, Leonard Gordon, Leslie S. Gordon, Dr. Marion Lee Gordon, Milton Gordon, Norman Gourfain, A. S., Jr. Grace, Donald F. Grace, Mrs. Harriet W. Graff, Earl H. Graff, Edward Graffis, Herbert Grasty, J. S., Jr. Grauer, Milton H. Graw, Harry J. Grawols, G. L. Gray, A. S. Gray, Hitous Green, Mrs. Dwight H. 122 ANNUAL MEMBERS {continued) Greene, Dr. Charles F. Gregory, Dr. Benjamin J. Gregory, James J. Greiner, Otto Griffin, Franklin T. Griffin, Mrs. James A., Jr. Griglik, Casimir Grigsby, William A. Grill, Dr. Frank T. Grimes, J. Frank Grimm, Richard H. Groble, Edward B. Grochowski, Mrs. G. S. Grogel, Merrill A. Grohe, Robert F. Grombach, Alfred O. Grosberg, Charles Grosboll, James Grow, Brimson Gruendel, Mrs. George H. Grunlee, Sigwald C. Guernsey, Mrs. Nellie T. Guettler, B. A. Gumbinger, Miss Dora Gurley, F. G. Gustus, Dr. Edwin L. Gutgsell, Mrs. Emil J. Guthenz, S. M. Guthrie, Mrs. Eleanor Y. Guthrie, S. Ashley Gutstadt, Richard E. Hackett, Thad Haedike, Edward J. Haeger, E. H. Hagenah, William J., Jr. Hagerty, Walter H. Hagey, Harry H., Jr. Hagey, J. F. Haigh, D. S. Hajen, Herman F. Hale, Edwin A. Hale, T. B. Hall, Arthur B. Hall, Miss Eliza P. Hall, Mrs. Evelyn F. Hall, Harry Hall, Louis W. Ham, Mrs. Harold Hamill, Dr. Ralph C. Hamill, Mrs. Robert W. Hamilton, Miss Alice Hamilton, Mrs. Gurdon H. Hamm, George A. Hammel, W. F., Jr. Hammond, Dr. Rex D. Hammurabi, F. H. Hampson, Philip Handtmann, G. E. Hanna, Ralph A. Hannaford, Miss Mildred L. Hardin, George D. Harding, Carroll Rede Harding, William H. Hard wi eke, Harry Hardy, Julian H. Hardy, Mrs. L. Martin Hargrave, Homer P. Hargreaves, Thomas H. Harig, Herbert Harlow, Miss Johnnie Harman, Dr. Hubert F. Harrington, George Bates Harris, Miss Audrey C. Harris, Benjamin R. Harris, Mrs. Mortimer B. Harris, R. Neison Harrison, Dr. R. Wendell Harshaw, Myron T. Hart, E. Edgerton Hart, Mrs. H. G. Hart, J. Leslie Hart, James A. Hart, Dr. John T. Hart, L. Edward, Jr. Hart, Louis E. Hartman, Mrs. Irvin H. Hartman, Milton C. Harvey, Bennet B. Harvey, Byron S. Harvey, Daggett Harvey, James D. Hasbrook, Howard F. Haskins, Robert E. Hasselbacher, H. H. Hassell, Warren S. Hatfield, W. A. Hathaway, Mrs. Carter H. Hattstaedt, Mrs. John J. Haubrich, Harold F. Hauger, R. H. Hauser, William G. Havelaar, W. C. Hawkes, Joseph B. Hawthorne, Vaughn R. Hayes, William E. Haynes, Charles Webster Haynes, Frank M. Haynes, L. S. Haynie, R. G. Hazel, B. F. Hazel, Dr. George R. Hazen, Theodore D. Healy, Thomas H. Heaney, Mrs. Floy Hearst, Joseph Heath, George A. Heath, Robert L. Hechler, Valentine Hecht, Kenneth G. Hecht, Myron A. Heckel, Edmund P. Heddens, John W. Hedges, Dr. Robert N. Hedly, Arthur H. Hedrich, Mrs. Otto H. Heerey, Bernard H. Heifetz, Samuel Helgason, Arni Hemmen, Melvern M. Hemphill, James C. Henderson, B. E. Henke, Frank X., Jr. Henkle, David E. Henner, H. L Henner, Dr. Robert Henriksen, H. M. Herbert, Don Herbert, W. T. Herdina, Jerry Herren, Wilson T. Herring, H. B. Hertz, J. H. Herzog, Milan Hesse, Dr. Paul G. Hetreed, Dr. Francis W. Hibben, Joseph W. Highstone, Mrs. William H. Hill, Carlton Hill, Mrs. Cyrus G. Hillier, William H. Hillmer, Miss Louise Hilton, Edward L. Hilton, Henry Mark Hindman, Arthur S. Hines, Charles M. Hinman, Sherwood V. Hirsch, Edwin W. ^ Hirtenstein, Robert E. Hitchings, LeRoy K. Hix, Miss Elsie Hixson, Hebron Hoban, Dr. Eugene T. Hobbs, Charles H. Hobbs, Mrs. J. P. Hobbs, Russell D. Hochfeldt, William F. Hoffmann, Clarence Hoffmann, Miss Ruth L. Hogenson, William Hogsten, Mrs. Yngve Hohbaum, Mrs. Rosa M. Hohenadel, F. A. Hohman, Dr. Ned U. Hokenson, Gustave Hokin, Barney E. Holabird, William Holcomb, Mrs. R. R. Holinger, Dr. Paul H. 123 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Holland, Jesse J. Hollar, Philip A. Hollender, Dr. S. S. Holmberg, Clarence L. Homan, Joseph Homan, Max Hooper, A. F. Hooper, Dr, J. Gerald Hope, E. N. Hopkins, John L. Hopkins, Dr. M. B. Hoppe, Carl E. Horowitz, Charles I. Horton, Mrs. Arthur Horwich, Philip Horwitz, Samuel C. Houda, Dr. Leonard Hough, Charles F. Hough, William J. Houha, Vitus J. Houlihan, Raymond F. Houston, J. C, Jr. Howard, Bailey K. Howard, Hubert E. Howe, Jonathan T. Hoyt, N. Landon, Jr. Hubachek, Frank Brookes Huber, Andrew V. Huddleston, J. W. Hudson, William J. Huettmann, Fred Hughes, Dr. Charles E. Hughes, Frank W. Hughes, Russell P. Huguenor, Lloyd B. Hull, Lathrop W. Hulson, J. W. Humphreys, Mrs. Robert E. Hungerford, Becher W. Hunker, Robert W. Hunnemann, Miss Alma M. Hunt, Mrs. William O. Hurley, G. B. Hurley, Raymond J. Hurley, Stephen E. Hurst, C. N. Huth, Frank D. Huxley, Henry M. Hyatt, Joseph C. Hynes, D. P. Iker, Charles Indelli, William A. Ingalls, Mrs. Frederick A. Inger, Jacob Ingersoll, Robert S. Ingersoll, Roy C. Into, Mrs. A. Norman Ivry, Lester Jack, Martin L. Jackson, Byrne A. Jackson, M. G. Jackson, W. H. Jacobs, Nate Jacobson, Egbert Jaech, Miss Lillian K. James, Allen M. James, Ralph C. Jameson, A. R. Jenner, Albert E., Jr. Jenner, Mrs. H. B. Jennings, David S. Jennings, Ralph C. Jensen, George P. Jepsen, Miss Sara Job, Dr. Thesle T. Johnson, A. William Johnson, Miss Agnes E. Johnson, Bert Johnson, Earl Johnson, Edmund G. Johnson, Harry G. Johnson, Julius Johnson, Miss Millie C. Johnson, Nye Johnson, R. C. Johnston, A. J. Johnston, Hulburd Jolls, Thomas H. Jones, Gordon M. Jones, Otis L. Jones, Owen Barton Jones, Robert Jones, Mrs. Walter Clyde Joseph, Dr. Paul Juckniess, R. A. Judd, Mrs. Willis W. Juley, John Julian, Dr. Ormand C. Jung, C. C. Jurgensen, R. J. Kahler, William V. Kahoun, John A. Kamm, Dr. Bernard A. Kane, Daniel Francis Kane, Mrs. Marion O. Kanter, Dr. Aaron E. Kaplan, Harvey Kaplan, Samuel Karnes, William G. Karpen, Leo Kasbohm, Leonard H. Kaufman, Mrs. Frances J. Kavanaugh, Miss Julia Kay, Joseph C. Kaye, Harry Kearns, Mrs. Jerry J. Keeley, Robert E. Keene, William J. Keeney, Frank P. Keeton, Dr. Robert W. Keim, Melville Keith, Elbridge Kelce, T. L. Kelemen, Rudolph Keller, Edwin P. Keller, Harry F. Keller, I. C. Keller, M. J. Keller, Sidney M. Kelley, Alfred J. Kellogg, Harry E. Kellogg, James G. Kellogg, John Payne Kelly, Charles Scott Kelly, Mrs. Edward J. Kelly, T. L. Kelly, Mrs. T. L. Kendall, G. R. Kennedy, J. G. Kennedy, J. H, Kennedy, R. J. Kerr, Leslie H. Kidston, Ross H. Kidwell, James E. Kilberry, F. H. Kiley, Francis T. Kimball, Kenneth J. Kimball, Paul G. Kimes, Gerald C. King, H. R. King, J. Andrews King, Willard L. Kingham, J. J. Kirby, Dr. William Kittle, Mrs. CM. Klagstad, Harold L. Klapman, Philip A. Klefstad, Sievert Klein, Mrs. A. S. Klein, Dr. David Klein, Dr. Ernest L. Klemperer, Leo A. Kling, Leopold Klutznick, Mrs. Philip M. Knell, Boyd Knight, Dr. Alva A. Knight, Howard Knourek, William M. Knowlson, J. S. Knowlton, John M. Knox, Merrill B. Knutson, A. C. Koch, Carl Koenig, O. N. Koff, Dr. Robert H. Kohn, Henry L. Kolbe, Frank F. Kolehmainen, Waino M. Kolflat, Alf 124 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Kolkmeyer, Ralph W. Kollar, Dr. John A., Jr. Kopinski, Louis Koretz, Robert J. Korf, Dr. Stanley R. Korshak, Marshall Kos, Victor A. Kosmach, Frank P. Kostrzewski, Dr. M. J. Kotas, Rudolph J. Kovnat, Bernard Krafft, Walter A. Krag, Franz K. Krane, Leonard J. Kratsch, Charles Krause, Elmer Krause, Miss Pearl Krausman, Arthur Krimsin, Leonard Krinsley, Lazarus Kritchevsky, Jerome Kritzer, Richard W. Kroll, Harry Kropp, Raymond Kruggel, Arthur Krumdieck, Leo Krupnick, Samson Kuehn, Miss Katherine Kuhn, Mrs. Joseph Kuhnen, C. W. Kuhnen, Mrs. George H. Kuhns, Mrs. H. B. Kurzdorfer, E. T. Kuta, A. E. Kutchins, Edmund Kutchins, Lawrence Kuyper, George A. Kysor, Mrs. James D. Lachman, Harold Lagerholm, Ferdinand W. Laidley, Roy R. Laing, Mrs. Milton L. Laird, Miss Jane Laird, Robert S. Lamb, George N. Lambertsen, John G. Lambrecht, Carl R., Jr. Lamont, Daniel J. Lance, O. C. Lane, George A. Lang, Eugene C. Langan, Harley B. Lange, A. G. Lange, Hugo C. Langer, Joseph S. Langert, A. M. Langford, Joseph P. Laramore, Florian E. Large, Judson Larkin, Mrs. Walter D. Larsen, Roy R. Larson, Simon P. LaSalle, Miss Janet A. Lasch, Charles F. Lasch, Harry Lash, Dr. A. F. Laud, Sam Lavezzorio, John M. Law, M. A. Lawton, Robert M. Layfer, Seymour J. Lazar, Charles Leahy, George J. Leahy, William H. Leander, Russell J. Lechler, E. Fred Lederer, Irving G. Lederer, Joseph M. Lee, Miss Alice Stephana Lee, John H. Lehman, John L. Lehman, Lloyd W. Lehr, Arthur Leindecker, Charles L. Leiner, John G. Leith, John A. Leland, Samuel Lello, Herbert F. Leonard, Charles J. Lesch, Mrs Isabel Catharine Lesch, John F. Levi, Stanley B. Levin, Louis Levin, Robert E. Levine, William Levine, William D. Levitan, Moses Levitt, Dr. Judith U. Levy, Albert H. Lewendowski, Sigmund W. Lewis, B. F. Lewis, Edward J. Lewis, Ellis R. Lewis, Mrs. Lloyd Lewis, Mrs. Walker O. Lickfield, Rev. F. W. Liebenow, J. Gus Lifvendahl, Dr. Richard A. Lindberg, Donald F. Lindell, Arthur G. Lindeman, John H. Lindley, Walter C, Jr. Lindsay, Mrs. Martin Line, Dr. Eva J, Linn, Joseph M. Linthicum, J. Francis Lipman, Abraham Lippincott, R. R. Lippman, Mrs. William Lipsey, Howard Lipshutz, Joseph Lissner, Herbert H. Liston, Thomas P. Litschgi, Dr. J. J. Litten, Chapin Little, Wilson V. Littman, Benson Lloyd, Miss Georgia Lock, Gilbert L. Lockefer, Frank V, Lockett, Harold Lockwood, Lawrence A. Lockwood, Maurice H. Lockwood, Mrs. Maurice H. Loebe, Edward E. Loewy, Dr. Arthur Lohman, Joseph D. Long, H. Dale Long, R. E. Loomis, D. P. Loomis, Miss Marie Looney, Charles C. Lorance, Mrs. Luther M. Lorber, Herbert J. Lorenzi, Mrs. George Longhead, Miss Ruth Loung, George, Jr. Love, John T. Lovejoy, Mrs. Winfred L. Low, Mrs. Josiah O. Lowell, Arthur J. Lowy, Walter H, Lozar, Rajko Lubig, Max Ludlow, Mrs. Frederick Orr Ludolph, Arthur L. Lundy, Dr. Clayton J. Lundy, Francis L. Lutterbeck, Dr. Eugene F. Lydon, Eugene K. Lynch, M. F. Lynch, William J., Jr. Lynn, Bernard W. Lyon, Mrs. Jeneva A. MacCowan, Hervey L. MacFarland, Hays Macfarland, Lanning Macholz, Rev. Ignatius Mack, John J. MacKenzie, William J. Macki, Gunnar C. MacKiewich, Justin MacLean, Mrs. John A., Jr. MacNamee, Merrill W. Macomb, J. DeNavarre Madden, John 125 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Maddock, Mrs. Walter G. Magid, Cecil E. Magill, Miss Hallie Magnuson, Paul B., Jr. Mahan, Robert B. Mahler, I. H. Maison, Mrs. L. G. Malcolmson, R. F. Mall, Arthur W. Mallegg, 0. 0. Manasse, DeWitt J. Mann, Dr. Charles Milton Mann, Earle A. Mannette, Mrs. Russell L. Manning, Mrs. Herbert S. Manning, Dr. Paul D. V. Manning, Mrs. Paul D. V. Manno, Vincent P. Mantout, Mrs. Bernard Mara, Walter T. Maragos, Samuel C. Marchant, Miss Lilian Marek, R. S. Marcus, Abel Mardorf, Miss Mae F. Margeson, Mrs. James P., Jr. Marion, Stanley W. Markham, Mrs. Herbert I. Marling, Mrs. Franklin, Jr. Marquardt, Dr. Gilbert H. Marquart, Arthur A. Marron, Dr. James W. Marsh, E. S. Marshall, Benjamin H. Marshall, Charles A. Marshall, Frank G. Marsteller, William A. Marston, T. E. Martin, Cecil Martin, Donald B. Martins, P. A. Maseng, Trygve Mast, Leland J. Mastri, Dr. Aquil Masur, Dr. Walter W. Matchett, Hugh M. Mathews, Henry T. Mathews, M. M. Mathewson, Lynn L. Mathias, Paul E. Mathieu, Auguste Mathis, Allen W. Matson, H. M. Matthews, Francis E. Matthews, J. H. Maxon, R. C. May, Sol Mayer, Edwin W. C. Mayer, Frederick Mayfield, W. A. McArthur, A. Peter N. McArthur, Mrs. S. W. McBride, W. Paul McCaffrey, J. L. McCallister, James Maurice McCann, Charles J. McCarthy, Mrs. Theris V. McClellan, John H. McClurg, Verne O. McCombs, Harry F. McConnell, C. F. McConnell, Thomas C. McCoy, Charles S. McCracken, John W. McCracken, Kenneth McCreery, C. L. McCurdie, N. J. McDermott, H. T. McDermott, William F. McDonald, John M. McDonough, John J. McDougal, C. Bouton McDougal, David B. McDougal, Mrs. Edward D., Jr. McDougal, Robert, Jr. McDougall, Dugald S. McDougall, Mrs. Edward G. McEldowney, C. R. McElroy, John W. McFayden, Temple McGaffigan, Paul K. McGuire, Simms D. McHenry, Roland McKay, Miss Mabel McKee, Albert E. McKibbin, Mrs. George B. McKinzie, William V. McKittrick, C. E. McKy, Keith B. McLaughlin, Mrs. George D. McLaughlin, L. B. McLean, Dr. Helen Vincent McManus, J. L. McNabb, Mrs. J. H. McNair, F. Chaloner McNamara, B. F. McNamara, Donald McC. McNamara, Harley V. McNamara, Robert C. McNerney, Frank J. McPheron, Eugene R. McSurely, Mrs. William H. Meers, Henry W. Megan, Graydon Mehan, J. H. Meidell, Harold Meiszner, John C. Melgaard, B. B. Mellinghausen, Parker Mellody, Mrs. Andrew R. Mellody, Miss Margaret Melville, Mrs. R. S. Mentzer, John P. Mercer, C. W. Mercer, John F. Merkl, Miss Laura M. Merricks, Mrs. James W. Merritt, Thomas W. Mertz, Miss Henriette Metcoff, Eli Mettenet, Francis K. Meyer, Albert F. Meyer, Mrs. Clara K. Meyer, Stanton M. Meyer, Wallace Michalko, Edward Michels, Mrs. George W. Middleton, J. A. Milbrook, A. T. Milhoan, F. B. Millard, A. E. Millard, Mrs. E, L. Miller, Arden E. Miller, Dr. C. O. Miller, C. R. Miller, Chester M. Miller, Creighton S. Miller, F. L. Miller, Mrs. Grace Edwards Miller, Mrs. Harvey O. Miller, John W. Miller, M. Glen Miller, R. W. Miller, Robert H. Miller, William H. Miller, Mrs. William W. Milliken, J. H. Mirabella, Mrs. S. F. Mitchell, Harry G. Mitchell, Mrs. James Herbert Mitchell, Maurice B. Mittelmann, Dr. Eugene Mizen, Frederic Kimball Mizen, Dr. Michael R. 126 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Modene, Oscar F. Moll, Edwin Mollendorf, J. D. Molter, Harold Monsen, Myron T, Montenier, Jules Montgomery, A. E. Montgomery, P. B. Montgomery, S. A. Mont Pas, W. F. Moore, Donald F. Moore, Harold A. Moore, Dr. Josiah J. Moore, Kenneth W. Moore, Lucien W. Moore, Oscar L. Moore, R. E. Moorman, Charles L. Moran, James Morey, Albert A. Morgan, Fred C. Morgan, Samuel Mork, P. R. Morris, Milton H. Morris, Sidney L. Mossman, John E. Mottier, C. H. Moulder, P. V. Moyer, Mrs. David G. Moyers, Mrs. George W. Mozeris, Joseph M. Mudd, Mrs. J. A., Jr. Mueller, Mrs. Florian F. Muench, C. G. Muench, Hans Muhs, G. F. Mulcahy , Mrs. Michael F. Muldoon, John A., Jr. Mullenix, Robert W. Mullery, Donald C. Mulligan, Joseph B. Munnecke, Mrs. Wilbur C. Munson, Lyle W. Muntz, Earl W. Murphy, J. P. Murray, Edwin A. Murray, William M. Musick, Philip Lee Muzzi, H. Earle Nacey, Harry M. Nachman, H. S. Nafziger, R. L. Nahmens, Paul M. Narowetz, Louis L. Nash, R. D. Nath, Bernard Neff, Ward A. Nelson, Charles M. Nelson, Earl W. Nelson, Mrs. Edwin W. Nelson, Mrs. Henri E. Ness, J. Stanley Newberger, Arnold Newburg, C. Frank Newcomer, Mrs. Paul Newman, Charles H. Newman, Mrs. Jacob Newman, Ralph G. Newton, C. G. Newton, Dr. Roy C. Nice, Dr. Leonard B. Nichols, Frank Billings Nicholson, Dr. F. M. Nickel, Walter J. Nickell, H. K. Nikopoulos, George A. Nisen, Charles M. Noble, Daniel E. Noble, Guy L. Noble, Robert L. Norman, Gustave Norris, Mrs. James North, Mrs. F. S. North, Harold F. Norton, G. A. Nygren, Henry C. Oberf elder, Joseph H. Oberhelman, Dr. Harry A. O'Brien, Donald J. O'Brien, L. R. O'Brien, M. J. O'Brien, Martin T. O'Brien, Vincent O'Brien, Wilbur J. O'Brien, William L. Ochsner, Dr. Edward H. O'Connor, John J. Oechslin, Ernest, Jr. O'Hair, R. C. O'Haire, Harry J. O'Hara, Arthur J. O'Keefe, John F. O'Leary, Miss Geraldine Olin, Edward L. Oliver, Dr. Marguerite Oliver, Dr. Richard M. Olmsted, C. H. Olsen, Andrew P. Olson, Albert M. Olson, Benjamin Franklin Olson, H. Edsall O'Neill, Dr. Eugene J. O'Neill, J. Vincent Opie, Earle F. Oppenheimer, Dr. Leo Orr, Hunter K. Orstrom, Albert Z. Osanai, Mrs. Mary M. Osborne, W. Irving, Jr. Osgood, Mrs. Gilbert H. Ossendorff, Dr. K. W. Ostrander, E. L. O'Sullivan, James J. Otto, Dr. George H. Otto, Walter C. Owen, Mrs. Ralph W. Owens, Harry J. Pace, Anderson Pacer, T. S. Padour, Dr. Frank J. Pallasch, Paul V. Papierniak, Dr. Frank B. Parent, Warren K. Parker, E. A. Parker, Miss Edith P. Parker, Lee N. Parrott, George H. Paschal, John William Patterson, W. A. Patton, A. E. Patton, Ralph E. Paul, Albert W. Paul, L. O. Pauley, Clarence O. Paulus, Mrs. Max G. Payson, Randolph Peabody, Mrs. Stuyvesant Peacher, Mrs. D. J. Peacock, Charles D , III Pearce, Charles S. Pearson, Edwin E. Peck, Miss Constance L. Peck, Nelson C. Pederson, Alfred S. Peirce, Mrs. Clarence A. Pellow, Ralph Pelnar, L. T. Pelz, William W. Penner, Louis L. Penner, Samuel Pepich, Stephen T. Perkins, Dr. George L, Perlstein, Mrs. Harris Perreault, Earl E. Perry, Mrs. Joseph Sam Person, Dr. Allgot G. Peskin, Bernard M. Petacque, Max W. Peterkin, Daniel, Jr. Peters, Dr. Albert G. Peters, Russell L. Petersen, Lawrence A. Peterson, H. R. Petro, Miss Olive Pettengell, James T. Pettibone, Holman D. Pettinger, Andrew Pfister, Mrs. C. Eugene Pflager, Charles W. Phelps, Miss Elizabeth 127 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Phelps, Erastus R. Phelps, William Henry Philipp, Mrs. Florence M. Picher, William S. Piers, Dr. Gerhart Pike, Dr. Wayne S. Pikiel, Mrs. A. J. Pillsbury, Mrs. Charles S. Pirofalo, James C. Piatt, Henry R., Jr. Pletz, S. R. Plummer, Daniel C, Jr. Plunkett, Paul M. Poe, Miss Frances Poggenpohl, Andrew Pollard, Willard L. Pollock, Mrs. Lewis J. Polyak, Dr. Stephen Pond, Mrs. Harold M. Pontius, Mrs. G. V. Poore, Robert W. Pope, George J. Pope, Mrs. Henry, Jr. Pope, Sidney T. Portis, Henry R. Post, Myron H. Potter, Charles S. Potter, Howard I. Potter, Robert E., Jr. Potter, Dr. Robert Morse Pound, G. C. Power, John W. Powers, William F. Praeger, Charles H. Pratt, Jacob C, Jr. Preble, Robert C. Preikschat, Raymond W. Press, Robert M. Presson, Gerald Preston, Charles D. Price, Allen H. Price, Frederick J. Price, Griswold A. Price, Owen N. Prince, William Wood Prindiville, James A. Pringle, Don Prior, Frank O. Pritchard, N. H. Pritzker, Mrs. Jack Proby, Dr. Edmund A. Pruitt, Raymond S. Puestow, Dr. Charles B. Pulham, Herbert J. Purdy, J. D. Purdy, John P. Purinton, Dr. Robert F. Purvis, Miss Sadie Pushkin, Dr. E. A. Putnam, B. H. Putterman, A. Jerry Puzey, Russell V. Querl, E. P. Quetsch, L. J. Quisenberry, T. E. Radack, Mrs. Dorothy W. Rademacher, Miss Marge Rampona, Dr. Louis Rank, Emil T. Ranney, George A., Jr. Rappold, Samuel R. Rasmussen, L. M. Rathburn, M. Hudson Ratner, Walter B. Raubitschek, Dr. Howard A. Ray, Harold R. Ray, Mrs. Herbert S. Rayner, Lawrence Reace, William T. Read, Freeman C. Ready, Charles H. Redding, George H. Reed, Ernest H. Reed, Mrs. Frank C. Reed, Guy E. Reed, L. F. B. Reed, Philip G. Reedy, Mrs. T. J. Reeves, H. Edward Regan, Mrs. Ben Regnery, Mrs. Henry Reicin, Frank E. Reid, Alf F. Reilly, George A. Reilly, W. J. Rein, Lester E. Reisch, Mrs. Louis J. Remien, Miss Marie Katherine Render, Miss Forsythe Renken, Miss Martha Rentschler, Mrs. William H. Replogle, Dr. Fred A. Resch, Mrs. Robert P. Ressler, Harold B. Reskin, Charles G. Rice, Dr. Frank E. Rich, Keith Richard, Sister Richards, Mrs. Harper Richards, Longley Richards, Oron E. Richey, Mrs. Russell W. Ridley, Mrs. E. N. Riedeman, H. T. Riggs, Mrs. Joseph A. Riley, Edward C. Riley, John H. Rinaker, Samuel M. Rioff, Harry A. Ritsos, Nicholas T. Rivera, J. A. Rizner, Homer R. Roach, O. R. Roach, Rollin W. Robandt, Al Robbins, Burr L. Robbins, Laurence B. Roberts, J. K. Robertson, Egbert Robertson, Theodore B. Roche, John Pierre Roddewig, Clair M. Roden, Carl B. Rodger, John H. Rodriguez, Dr. Arthur A. Rodwick, Frank P. Roefer, Henry A. Rogers, Alfred M. Rogers, Donald D. Rogers, Mrs. J. B. Rogers, Lester C. Rogers, Milton P. Rogers, Miss Suzanne Rogers, Thomas W. Rold, Dr. Dale Roman, B. F. Romer, Mrs. Arthur C. Ronning, Magnus I. Roos, Edwin J. Rose, Ben Rose, Jack Rose, Orion L. Roseland, J. G. Rosenberg, Ben L. Rosenberg, Mrs. Bernhard Rosenfels, Mrs. Irwin S. Rosenson, Herzl Rosenthal, M. A. Rosin, George I. Rosner, Manuel Ross, Dr. Chester John Ross, Earl Ross, Dr. Martin T. Ross, Mrs. Sophie S. Roth, Arthur J. Rothschild, Edward Rowan, Mrs. Paul . Rowe, F. B. Rubert, William F. Rubinson, Adolph A. Ruby, Norman Ruehlmann, William R. Rugen, Fred A. Ruhl, Robert H. Runzel, William L., Jr. 128 ANNUAL MEMBERS {continued) Ruppert, Max K. Rush, Richard B. Ruskin, Mrs. Harry H. Russell, Harold S. Rutherford, M, Drexel Saalfeld, Harry H. Saarinen, W. Sackett, DeForest Saffir, M. A. Sager, Mrs. S. Norman Salomon, Ira Saltiel, Dr. Thomas P. Salzman, Philip H. Sample, Joseph S. Sampson, H. R. Samuels, Albert Samuels, Benjamin Samuels, Julius Samuels, Richard L. Sanborn, Mrs. V. C. Sandrok, Edward G. Sanfilippo, John J. SanFilippo, Dr. Paul D. Sanford, Miss Helen M. Sang, Philip D. Sauerman, John A. Saunders, R. S. Savage, Stanley Sayers, Mrs. A. J. Sayers, Leon D. Sayre, Dr. Loren D. Scalbom, O. Trumbull Scarborough, Mrs. Henry Schaar, B. E. Schaefer, W. A. Schaflfner, Arthur B. Schaffner, Miss Marion Schelter Charles H. Schiff, Max Schiltz, M. A. Schipfer, Dr. L. A. Schlossberg, Mrs. Harry Schlossman, Norman J. Schmidt, George A. Schmidt, Mrs. Siegfried G. Schmus, Elmer E. Schneider, Benjamin B. Schnering, P. B. Schnute, Dr. William J. Schoch, M. G. Schoeneberger, Charles A. Schonthal, B. E. Schooler, Lee Schrade, L. H. Schrader, John P. Schroeder, Werner W. Schuetz, Ralph E. Schultz, Chester H. Schultz, William H. Schulz, George H. Schulze, Paul, Jr. Schumaker, L. C. Schureman, Jean L. Schuttler, Mrs. Peter Schutz, Reuben M. Schwartz, Joseph H. Schwartz, Leo J. Schwartz, Marc W. Schwartz, Milton H. Schwartz, Nathan H. Schwemm, Earl M, Sciaky, Sam Scofield, Clarence P. Scott, Mrs. Cortlandt N. Scott, Frederick H. Scott, George A. H. Scott, Mrs. J. Russell Scott, Mrs. Marion R. Scott, William Edouard Scott, Dr. Winfield W. Scrimgeour, Miss Gladys M. Scully, Charles F. Seaberg, Edward R. Seaholm, A. T. Seaman, H. Gilbert Seaman, Henry L. Searson, R. F. Seaverns, George A., Jr. Secord, Burton F. Segal, Myron M. Selfridge, Calvin F. Sell, N. J. Sellers, Paul A. Selz, Frank E. Sembower, John F. Semrad, Joseph B. Senear, Dr. F. E. Sergant, Gordon E. Sethness, C. H., Jr. Severns, Roger L. Sewell, Allen K. Sexton, Mrs. Thomas G. Seyfarth, H. E. Shafer, Frederick C. Shafer, Dr. S. J. Shanahan, J. Robert Shanner, Charles T. Shannon, Charles E. Shannon, Peter M. Shantz, Marc A. Sharpe, Dr. Kenneth P. Sharrow, H. N. Shaw, John I. Shaw, John W. Shearer, James, II Shedd, Mrs. Charles C. Shedd, Jeffrey Shedden, Mrs. John Sheehan, Thomas J. Sheldon, Walter M., Jr. Sheridan, Leo J. Sheridan, Raymond M. Sherman, H. C. Sherman, Robert T. Sherwin, William A. Shetler, Stanley L. Shields, G. A. Shilton, Earle A. Shlaes, Harry L. Shlopack, Wallace B. Short, William H. Shrader, Frank K. Shuman, John R. Sibley, Joseph C, Jr. Siebel, George E. Sieber, Paul E. Sill, Vincent D. Silverstein, Milton Simpson, Bruce L, Sims, Frank S. Sims, Paul K. Sims, William W. Sinaiko, Dr. Edwin S. Singer, William A. Siniarski, T. A. Sinnerud, Dr. O. P. Sipple, Robert G. Sittler, Edwin C. Sivage, Gerald A, Sklar, N. Raoul Sklower, Miss Ruth I. Skudera, Mrs. Marie Slavik, W. M. Slifka, George C. Slindee, Edward A, Sloan, Dr. Jack H. Sloan, Dr. LeRoy H. Sloan, Dr. Noah H. Sloan, William F. Smalley, B. L. Smalley, John H. Smick, Robert W. Smith, CD. Smith, Charles L. Smith, Charles Lambert Smith, Dean C. Smith, Dr. Edward C. Smith, Edward R. Smith, H. Kellogg Smith, Harold A. Smith, John F., Jr. Smith, Monroe A. Smith, Robert C. Smolka, Oscar J. Snideman, Richard L. Snite, John T. Snow, Lendol D. Sollitt, Mrs. Ralph T. Sollitt, Sumner S. Somerville, Robert Somerville, Mrs. William Sommers, Bert Edward 129 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Spacek, Leonard P. Spatta, George Speed, Dr. Kellogg Spencer, William N. Spiegel, Dr. L Joshua Spiegel, Miss Katherine J. Spiegel, Mrs. Philip Spinka, Dr. Harold M, Spitz, Milton J. Spitzer, Mrs. Sherman T. Sponsler, Glen L. Spooner, Dr. Bruce A. Springer, Clement F. Springsguth, Robert C. Stagman, Dr. Joseph Stagman, Nathan Stahl, Harold A. Stair, H. Bo wen Stanbery, J. N. Stange, Howard W. Stanley, Donald Stannard, F. J. Stanton, Edgar, Jr. Stanton, Mrs. Francis R. Stanton, Lyman A. Starbuck, J. C. Stark, W. J. Starr, Harry Starrett, Miss Carolyn J. Starshak, A. L. Staunton, E. C. Steen, Enoch Steflfen, Charles Steffey, D. Earl Steigmann, Dr. Frederick Stein, Mrs. S. Sidney Steins, Mrs. Halsey Steinwedell, William Stensland, T. N. Stephan, Edmund A. Stern, Herbert L. Stern, Herbert L., Jr. Sternberg, Edward Steubner, Edwin A. Steuer, Mrs. Joseph True Stevens, Mrs. Clement D. Stevens, Mrs. R. St. John Stewart, George W. Stickler, Harold I. Stiles, J. F., Jr. Stirn, Henry C. Stockton, Joseph D. Stoddard, Robert M. Stoker, Nelson D. Stolle, Arthur E. Stolz, Leon Stone, Dr. F. Lee Stone, Herbert Stuart, Jr. Stone, Mrs. J. S. Stonehouse, Elmer H. Storer, E. W. Storey, Oliver W. Storkan, Mrs. James Stormont, Dr. D. L. Stout, Frederick E. Stout, Harold H. Straka, Frank B. Strassheim, Fred W. Stratton, Paul Stratton, Robert C. Straus, Mrs. Robert E. Stresenreuter, Mrs. Charles H. Strohmeier, Dr. Otto E. Stuart, Lyman J. Stuart, Robert K. Stuart, William M. Stumes, Charles B. Sudler, Carroll H., Jr. Sullivan, J. E. Suter, Walter Paul Sutherland, William W. Suyker, Hector Swanson, Mrs. W. E. Sweet, Lisle W. Swett, Israel Swett, Warren C. Swidler, Louis Swift, T. Philip Sylvester, Edmund Q. Symonds, Merrill Szujewski, Dr. Henry A. Szymanski, Dr. Frederick J. Taendler, Henry A. Talbot, Mrs. Eugene S. Tannenbaum, Dr. Karl H. Tanzi, Mario Tarnopol, Emil Tarr, Lester W. Tarrson, Albert J. Tatge, Paul W. Tauber, Stewart Taylor, Mrs. A. Thomas Taylor, Edward L. Taylor, Fitzhugh Taylor, George H. Taylor, Orville Taylor, Mrs. Samuel G. Teichen, E. H. Templeton, Kenneth S. Temps, Leupold Teninga, Alfred J. Tenney, Henry F. Terhune, Miss Virginia Terker, Sam Teter Park Thatcher, Dr. Harold W. Theis, Dr. Frank V. Thiele, George C. Thillens, Melvin Thomas, Miss Martha Thompson, A. M. Thompson, Mrs. Florence S. Thompson, H. Hoyt Thompson, Dr. John R. Thompson, K. L Thompson, Dr. Willard 0. Thoren, Mrs. J. N. Thoresen, H. B. Thornburn, John M. Thome, Frank H. Thorson, Reuben Throop, Mrs. George Enos Tiberius, George Tice, Winfield Tillotson, J. W. Timmings, G. H. Tinsley, Dr. Milton Tippens, Mrs. Albert H. Tipple, F. A. Tonk, Percy A. Tonn, George Toomin, Philip R. Topaz, Martin Topolinski, J. J. Torflf, Selwyn H. Trager, D. C. Trainor, H. J. Traut, Bernard H. Travelletti, Bruno L. Traver, George W. Traynor, William Knowlton Treffeisen, Gustave Tregenza, A. E. Trimarco, Ralph R. Triner, Joseph Troeger, Louis P. Trumbull, William M. Tucker, Albert B. Turner, Dr. Herbert A. Turney, Russell J. Tuteur, Charles Tuteur, Irving M. Tyrrell, Miss Frances Ughetti, John B. Uhlmann, Richard F. Ullmann, S. E. Ultsch, W. Lewis Urbain, Jules, Jr. Urbain, Leon F. Urban, Andrew Urban, Dr. H. J. Uretz, Daniel A. Utley, Mrs. Clifton M. 130 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Vail, Mrs. Daniel M. Vail, J. Dean, Jr. VanBuskirk, M. G. Vance, Charles C. Vance, S. M. Vanderkloot, Dr. Albert VanderKloot, Nicholas J. VanderPloeg, Frank VanDeventer, William E. VanKampen, A. H. VanMell, Herman T. VanNice, Errett VanSchaick, Mrs. Ethel R. Varty, Leo G. Vaughan, Alan W. Velvel, Charles Verhaag, Dr. Joseph E. Vernon, Dr. Leroy N. Vick, Maurice B. Vilsoet, William Vinnedge, Albert S. Vogel, James B. Vogt, Earle E. Voltz, D. H. VonGehr, George VonHenke, Mrs. Edmund J. Vydra, Frank C. Wach, Dr. Edward C. Wachter, Frederick J. Wadler, Milton Arnold Wagner, Clarence P. Wagner, Mrs. David H. Wagner, Richard Wahl, Herman L. Wahl, Orlin I. Waite, Roy E. Waldeck, Herman Waldie, Benjamin D. Waldman, Dr. Albert G. Walgren, Lawrence C. Walker, Dr. Alfred O. Walker, Frank R. Walker, Frederick W., Jr. Walker, Reno R. Walker, Wendell Wall, Dr. Frank J. Wallenstein, Sidney Waller, William, Jr. Wallerstein, David B. Wallgren, Eric M. Walters, Gary G. Waltman, C. E. Walz, John W. Wanger, David E., Jr. Warady, Dr. Seymore C. Wardwell, H. F. Ware, Mrs. Robert R. Ware, Mrs. Thomas M. Ware, Willis C. Warner, Mason Warton, Frank R. Washburn, Dr. Kenneth C. Wasson, Mrs. Isabel B. Wasson, Theron Waters, Gerard E. Waterstreet, W. Neal Watkins, George H. Watling, John Watson, John A. Watt, Howard D. Watt, Richard F. Watts, Amos H. Webb, Dr. Edward F. Webber, Harold H. Weber, James E. Webster, Dr. Augusta Webster, Frederick F. Webster, N. C. Weichselbaum, Dr. Paul K. Weick, George T. Weidert, William C. Weidler, Donald A. Weigle, Mrs. Maurice Weil, Mrs. Carl H. Weiner, Charles Weinress, S. J. Weisbrod, Maxfield Weiss, Alexander Weitman, W. E. Weitzel, Carl J. Weitzel, Mrs. Tony Welfeld, Marvin J. Wells, Sidney Wenholz, Walter W. Wenninger, William C. Werrenrath, Reinald, Jr. Wescott, Dr. Virgil Wesley, C. N. West, James D. West, Richard H. Westbrook, Charles H. Western, North Wetherell, Warren Wetmore, Horace O. Wetten, Walton Wheeler, Mrs. Seymour Whipple, Gay lord C. Whipple, Miss Velma D. Whiston, Frank M. White, Philip M. Whitelock, John B. Whitfield, George B. Whitmore, Lyle S. Whitnell, William W. Whitney, Mrs. Charles R. Wible, R. R. Wickersham, Mrs. Lucille Wickman, C. E. Wicks, Dr. Mark Wieland, John Wilber, Allen S. Wilbur, Lawrence S. Wilby, A. C. Wilds, John L. Wilhite, James A. Wilkinson, William D. Willard, Nelson W. Williams, Albert W. Williams, Frederick C. Williams, Lawrence Williams, Robert G. Williams, W. J. Willis, Ivan L. Willott, Mrs. Adele Willy, Gustave J. Wilson, Allen B. Wilson, Arlen J. Wilson, Percival C. Wilson, Dr. William Wiltsee, Herbert Windchy, Mrs. Frederick O. Winsberg, Herbert H. Winterbotham, John R. Wiseman, William P. Wisner, C. V., Jr. Wlocholl, Arthur Wolf, Morris E. Wolf, Orrin E. Wolff, Frank C. Wolff, Oscar M. Wood, Rollin D. Wood, Truman Wood, William A. Woodside, John T. Woodson, William T. Woolard, Francis C. Woulfe, Henry F. Wrisley, George A. Wyatt, Harry N. Wybel, L. E. Yarnall, Frank H. Yates, John E. Yates, P. L. Yates, Schuyler Yavitz, Sidney M. Yaworski, A. F. Yohe, C. Lloyd Yonkers, Edward H. Young, C. S. Young, Dr. Donald R. Young, J. L. Youngberg, Arthur C. Youngren, W. W. Zadek, Milton Zaring, Paul B. 131 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Zatz, Sidney R. Zelinko, George J. Zimmer, Harry L. Zimmerman, Austin M. Zimmerman, Carl Zimmerman, E. W. Zimmerman, Dr. Harold W. Zimmerman, Preston Zimmermann, Mrs. P, T. Zipse, Edwin W. Zitzewitz, Arthur F. Zitzewitz, Mrs. W. R. Zolla, Abner M. Deceased, 1953 Allen, Albert H. Arnold, Mrs. Hugo F. Babbitt, B. J. Bengtson, J. Ludvig Boyd, B. W. Butterworth, Mrs. William Clancy, John D., Jr. Clarke, H. R. Clow, J. Beach Epstein, Mrs. Arnold Fairman, Miss Marian Ferry, John A. Froning, Miss Margaret E. Greenlee, William B. Hoffman, Joseph Huggett, Martin C. Johanigman, S. E. Krasberg, Rudolph Mayer, Fritz McKellar, Archibald D. Miller, L. A. Nolte, Mrs. Charles B. Ottenheimer, Fred L. Pearson, Miss Kathleen Perlman, I. B. Peterson, V. W. Pfaelzer, Mrs. Monroe Pitt, A. A. Roberts, Harlow P. Sandel, Mrs. Clara Stern, Jacob S. Winston, Mrs. Farwell Woodyatt, Dr. Rollin Turner 132 Articles of Incorporation STATE OF ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF STATE William H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of Stale To All to Whom These Presents Shall Come, Greeting: Whereas, a Certificate duly signed and acknowledged having been filed in the office of the Secretary of State, on the 16th day of September, a.d. 1893, for the organization of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO, under and in accordance with the provisions of "An Act Concerning Corporations," approved April 18, 1872, and in force July 1, 1872, and all acts amendatory thereof, a copy of which certificate is hereto attached. Now, therefore, I, William H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of State of the State of Illinois, by virtue of the powers and duties vested in me by law, do hereby certify that the said COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO is a legally organized Corporation under the laws of this State. In Testimony Whereof, I hereto set my hand and cause to be affixed the Great Seal of State. Done at the City of Springfield, this 16th day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-three, and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and eighteenth. W. H. HINRICHSEN, [Seal] Secretary of State. TO HON. WILLIAM H. HINRICHSEN, Secretary of State: Sir: We, the undersigned citizens of the United States, propose to form a cor- poration under an act of the General Assembly of the State of Illinois, entitled "An Act Concerning Corporations," approved April 18, 1872, and all acts amenda- tory thereof; and that for the purposes of such organization we hereby state as follows, to- wit: 1. The name of such corporation is the "COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO." 2. The object for which it is formed is for the accumulation and dissemi- nation of knowledge, and the preservation and exhibition of objects illustrating Art, Archaeology, Science and History. 3. The management of the aforesaid museum shall be vested in a Board of Fifteen (15) Trustees, five of whom are to be elected every year. 4. The following named persons are hereby selected as the Trustees for the first year of its corporate existence: Edward E. Ayer, Charles B. Farwell, George E. Adams, George R. Davis, Charles L. Hutchinson, Daniel H. Burnham, John A. Roche, M. C. Bullock, Emil G. Hirsch, James W. Ellsworth, Allison V. Armour, O. F. Aldis, Edwin Walker, John C. Black and Frank W. Gunsaulus. 5. The location of the Museum is in the City of Chicago, County of Cook, and State of Illinois. (Signed) George E. Adams, C. B. Farwell, Sidney C. Eastman, F. W. Putnam, Robert McCurdy, Andrew Peterson, L. J. Gage, Charles L. Hutchinson, Ebenezer 133 Buckingham, Andrew McNally, Edward E. Ayer, John M. Clark, Herman H. Kohlsaat, George Schneider, Henry H. Getty, William R. Harper, Franklin H. Head, E. G. Keith, J. Irving Pearce, Azel F. Hatch, Henry Wade Rogers, Thomas B. Bryan, L. Z. Leiter, A. C. Bartlett, A. A. Sprague, A. C. McClurg, James W. Scott, Geo. F. Bissell, John R. Walsh, Chas. Fitzsimmons, John A. Roche, E. B. McCagg, Owen F. Aldis, Ferdinand W. Peck, James H. Dole, Joseph Stockton, Edward B. Butler, John McConnell, R. A. Waller, H. C. Chatfield-Taylor, A. Crawford, Wm. Sooy Smith, P. S. Peterson, John C. Black, Jno. J. Mitchell, C. F. Gunther, George R. Davis, Stephen A. Forbes, Robert W. Patterson, Jr., M. C. Bullock, Edwin Walker, George M. Pullman, William E. Curtis, James W. Ellsworth, William E. Hale, Wm. T. Baker, Martin A. Ryerson, Huntington W. Jackson, N. B. Ream, Norman Williams, Melville E. Stone, Bryan Lathrop, Eliphalet W. Blatchford, Philip D. Armour. State of Illinois ^ > ss. Cook County ) I, G. R. Mitchell, a Notary Public in and for said County, do hereby certify that the foregoing petitioners personally appeared before me and acknowl- edged severally that they signed the foregoing petition as their free and voluntary act for the uses and purposes therein set forth. Given under my hand and notarial seal this 14th day of September, 1893. G. R. MITCHELL, [Seal] Notary Public, Cook County, III. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 1 Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 25th day of June, 1894, the name of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. A certificate to this effect was filed June 26, 1894, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 1 Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 8th day of November, 1905, the name of the FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. A certificate to this effect was filed November 10, 1905, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 3 Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 10th day of May, 1920, the management of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY shall be invested in a Board of Twenty-one (21) Trustees, who shall be elected in such manner and for such time and term of office as may be provided for by the By-Laws. A certificate to this effect was filed May 21, 1920, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 1 Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 15th day of November, 1943, the name of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY was changed to CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM. A certificate to this effect was filed November 23, 1943, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. 134 Amended By-Laws DECEMBER, 1945 ARTICLE I MEMBERS Section 1. Members shall be of twelve classes, Corporate Members, Hon- orary Members, Patrons, Corresponding Members, Benefactors, Contributors, Life Members, Non-Resident Life Members, Associate Members, Non-Resident Associate Members, Sustaining Members, and Annual Members. Section 2. The Corporate Members shall consist of the persons named in the articles of incorporation, and of such other persons as shall be chosen from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, upon the recom- mendation of the Executive Committee; provided, that such person named in the articles of incorporation shall, within ninety days from the adoption of these By-Laws, and persons hereafter chosen as Corporate Members shall, within ninety days of their election, pay into the treasury the sum of Twenty Dollars ($20.00) or more. Corporate Members becoming Life Members, Patrons or Honorary Members shall be exempt from dues. Annual meetings of said Corporate Members shall be held at the same place and on the same day that the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees is held. Section 3. Honorary Members shall be chosen by the Board from among persons who have rendered eminent service to science, and only upon unanimous nomination of the Executive Committee. They shall be exempt from all dues. Section 4. Patrons shall be chosen by the Board upon recommendation of the Executive Committee from among persons who have rendered eminent ser- vice to the Museum. They shall be exempt from all dues, and, by virtue of their election as Patrons, shall also be Corporate Members. Section 5. Any person contributing or devising the sum of One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000.00) in cash, or securities, or property to the funds of the Museum, may be elected a Benefactor of the Museum. Section 6. Corresponding Members shall be chosen by the Board from among scientists or patrons of science residing in foreign countries, who render important service to the Museum. They shall be elected by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings. They shall be exempt from all dues and shall enjoy all courtesies of the Museum. Section 7. Any person contributing to the Museum One Thousand Dollars ($1,000.00) or more in cash, securities, or material, may be elected a Contributor of the Museum. Contributors shall be exempt from all dues and shall enjoy all courtesies of the Museum. Section 8. Any person paying into the treasury the sum of Five Hundred Dollars ($500.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Life Member. Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to mem- bers of the Board of Trustees. Any person residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Non-Resident Life Member. Non-Resident Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to members of the Board of Trustees. Section 9. Any person paying into the treasury of the Museum the sum of One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) at any one time, shall, upon the vote of the Board, 135 become an Associate Member. Associate Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall be entitled to tickets admitting Member and members of family, includ- ing non-resident home guests; all publications of the Museum issued during the period of their membership, if so desired; reserved seats for all lectures and enter- tainments under the auspices of the Museum, provided reservation is requested in advance; and admission of holder of membership and accompanying party to all special exhibits and Museum functions day or evening. Any person residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of Fifty Dollars ($50.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Non-Resident Associate Member. Non-Resident Associate Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to Associate Members. Section 10. Sustaining Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of Twenty-five Dollars ($25.00), payable within thirty days after notice of election and within thirty days after each recurring annual date. This Sustaining Membership entitles the Member to free admission for the Mem- ber and family to the Museum on any day, the Annual Report and such other Museum documents or publications issued during the period of their membership as may be requested in writing. When a Sustaining Member has paid the annual fee of $25.00 for six years, such Member shall be entitled to become an Associate Member. Section 11. Annual Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of Ten Dollars ($10.00), payable within thirty days after each recurring annual date. An Annual Membership shall entitle the Member to a card of admission for the Member and family during all hours when the Museum is open to the public, and free admission for the Member and family to all Museum lectures and entertainments. This membership will also entitle the holder to the courtesies of the membership privileges of every museum of note in the United States and Canada, so long as the existing system of co-operative interchange of membership tickets shall be maintained, including tickets for any lectures given under the auspices of any of the museums during a visit to the cities in which the co-operative museums are located. Section 12. All membership fees, excepting Sustaining and Annual, shall hereafter be applied to a permanent Membership Endowment Fund, the interest only of which shall be applied for the use of the Museum as the Board of Trustees may order. ARTICLE II BOARD OF TRUSTEES Section 1. The Board of Trustees shall consist of twenty-one members. The respective members of the Board now in office, and those who shall here- after be elected, shall hold office during life. Vacancies occurring in the Board shall be filled at a regular meeting of the Board, upon the nomination of the Executive Committee made at a preceding regular meeting of the Board, by a majority vote of the members of the Board present. Section 2. Regular meetings of the Board shall be held on the third Mon- day of the month. Special meetings may be called at any time by the President, and shall be called by the Secretary upon the written request of three Trustees. Five Trustees shall constitute a quorum, except for the election of officers or the adoption of the Annual Budget, when seven Trustees shall be required, but meet- ings may be adjourned by any less number from day to day, or to a day fixed, previous to the next regular meeting. Section 3. Reasonable written notice, designating the time and place of holding meetings, shall be given by the Secretary. ARTICLE III HONORARY TRUSTEES Section 1. As a mark of respect, and in appreciation of services performed for the Institution, any Trustee who by reason of inability, on account of change 136 of residence, or for other cause or from indisposition to serve longer in such capa- city shall resign his place upon the Board, may be elected, by a majority of those present at any regular meeting of the Board, an Honorary Trustee for life. Such Honorary Trustee will receive notice of all meetings of the Board of Trustees, whether regular or special, and will be expected to be present at all such meetings and participate in the deliberations thereof, but an Honorary Trustee shall not have the right to vote. ARTICLE IV OFFICERS Section 1. The officers shall be a President, a First Vice-President, a Second Vice-President, a Third Vice-President, a Secretary, an Assistant Secretary and a Treasurer. They shall be chosen by ballot by the Board of Trustees, a majority of those present and voting being necessary to elect. The President, the First Vice-President, the Second Vice-President, and the Third Vice-President shall be chosen from among the members of the Board of Trustees. The meeting for the election of officers shall be held on the third Monday of January of each year, and shall be called the Annual Meeting. Section 2. The officers shall hold office for one year, or until their suc- cessors are elected and qualified, but any officer may be removed at any regular meeting of the Board of Trustees by a vote of two-thirds of all the members of the Board. Vacancies in any office may be filled by the Board at any meeting. Sexttion 3. The officers shall perform such duties as ordinarily appertain to their respective offices, and such as shall be prescribed by the By-Laws, or designated from time to time by the Board of Trustees. ARTICLE V THE TREASURER Section 1. The Treasurer shall be custodian of the fimds of the Corpora- tion, except as hereinafter provided. He shall make disbursements only upon warrants, signed by such officer, or officers, or other jjersons as the Board of Trustees may from time to time designate. Section 2. The securities and muniments of title belonging to the cor- poration shall be placed in the custody of some Trust Company of Chicago to be designated by the Board of Trustees, which Trust Company shall collect the income and principal of said securities as the same become due, and pay same to the Treasurer, except as hereinafter provided. Said Trust Company shall allow access to and deliver any or all securities or muniments of title to the joint order of the following officers, namely: the President or one of the Vice- Presidents, jointly with the Chairman, or one of the Vice-Chairmen, of the Finance Committee of the Museum. The President or any one of the Vice-Presidents, jointly with either the Chairman or any one of the other members of the Finance Committee, are authorized and empowered (a) to sell, assign and transfer as a whole or in part the securities owned by or registered in the name of the Chicago Natural History Museum, and, for that purp>ose, to endorse certificates in blank or to a named person, appoint one or more attorneys, and execute such other instru- ments as may be necessary, and (b) to cause any securities belonging to this Corpo- ration now, or acquired in the future, to be held or registered in the name or names of a nominee or nominees designated by them. Section 3. The Treasurer shall give bond in such amount, and with such sureties as shall be approved by the Board of Trustees. Section 4. The Harris Trust & Savings Bank of Chicago shall be Cus- todian of "The N. W. Harris Public School Extension of the Chicago Natural History Museum" fund. The bank shall make disbursements only upon warrants drawn by the Director and countersigned by the President. In the absence or inability of the Director, warrants may be signed by the Chairman of the Finance Committee, and in the absence or inability of the President, may be countersigned by one of the Vice-Presidents, or any member of the Finance Committee. 137 ARTICLE VI THE DIRECTOR Section 1. The Board of Trustees shall elect a Director of the Museum, who shall remain in office until his successor shall be elected. He shall have im- mediate charge and supervision of the Museum, and shall control the operations of the Institution, subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees and its Com- mittees. The Director shall be the official medium of communication between the Board, or its Committees, and the scientific staff and maintenance force. Section 2. There shall be four scientific Departments of the Museum — Anthropology, Botany, Geology, and Zoology — each under the charge of a Chief Curator, subject to the authority of the Director. The Chief Curators shall be appointed by the Board upon the recommendation of the Director, and shall serve during the pleasure of the Board. Subordinate staff officers in the scientific Depart- ments shall be appointed and removed by the Director upon the recommendation of the Chief Curators of the respective Departments. The Director shall have authority to employ and remove all other employees of the Museum. Section 3. The Director shall make report to the Board at each regular meeting, recounting the operations of the Museum for the previous month. At the Annual Meeting, the Director shall make an Annual Report, reviewing the work for the previous year, which Annual Report shall be published in pamphlet form for the information of the Trustees and Members, and for free distribution in such number as the Board may direct. ARTICLE VII THE AUDITOR Section 1. The Board shall appoint an Auditor, who shall hold his office during the pleasure of the Board. He shall keep proper books of account, setting forth the financial condition and transactions of the Corporation, and of the Museum, and report thereon at each regular meeting, and at such other times as may be required by the Board. He shall certify to the correctness of all bills rendered for the expenditure of the money of the Corporation. ARTICLE VIII committees Section 1. There shall be five Committees, as follows: Finance, Building, Auditing, Pension, and Executive. Section 2. The Finance Committee shall consist of not less than five or more than seven members, the Auditing and Pension Committees shall each consist of three members, and the Building Committee shall consist of five members. All members of these four Committees shall be elected by ballot by the Board at the Annual Meeting, and shall hold office for one year, and until their successors are elected and qualified. In electing the members of these Committees, the Board shall designate the Chairman and Vice-Chairman by the order in which the mem- bers are named in the respective Committee; the first member named shall be Chairman, the second named the Vice-Chairman, and the third named. Second Vice-Chairman, succession to the Chairmanship being in this order in the event of the absence or disability of the Chairman. Section 3. The Executive Committee shall consist of the President of the Board, the Chairman of the Finance Committee, the Chairman of the Building Committee, the Chairman of the Auditing Committee, the Chairman of the Pension Committee, and three other members of the Board to be elected by ballot at the Annual Meeting. Section 4. Four members shall constitute a quorum of the Executive Com- mittee, and in all standing Committees two members shall constitute a quorum. In the event that, owing to the absence or inability of members, a quorum of the regularly elected members cannot be present at any meeting of any Com- mittee, then the Chairman thereof, or his successor, as herein provided, may summon any members of the Board of Trustees to act in place of the absentee. 138 Section 5. The Finance Committee shall have supervision of investing the endowment and other funds of the Corporation, and the care of such real estate as may become its property. It shall have authority to make and alter investments from time to time, reporting its actions to the Board of Trustees. The Finance Committee is fully authorized to cause any funds or investments of the Corpora- tion to be made payable to bearer, and it is further authorized to cause real estate of the Corporation, its funds and investments, to be held or registered in the name of a nominee selected by it. Section 6. The Building Committee shall have supervision of the con- struction, reconstruction, and extension of any and all buildings used for Museum purposes. Section 7. The Executive Committee shall be called together from time to time as the Chairman may consider necessary, or as he may be requested to do by three members of the Committee, to act upon such matters affecting the administration of the Museum as cannot await consideration at the Regular Monthly Meetings of the Board of Trustees. It shall, before the beginning of each fiscal year, prepare and submit to the Board an itemized Budget, setting forth the probable receipts from all sources for the ensuing year, and make recom- mendations as to the expenditures which should be made for routine maintenance and fixed charges. Upon the adoption of the Budget by the Board, the expendi- tures stated are authorized. Section 8. The Auditing Committee shall have supervision over all account- ing and bookkeeping, and full control of the financial records. It shall cause the same, once each year, or oftener, to be examined by an expert individual or firm, and shall transmit the report of such expert individual or firm to the Board at the next ensuing regular meeting after such examination shall have taken place. Section 9. The Pension Committee shall determine by such means and processes as shall be established by the Board of Trustees to whom and in what amount the Pension Fund shall be distributed. These determinations or findings shall be subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees. Section 10. The Chairman of each Committee shall report the acts and proceedings thereof at the next ensuing regular meeting of the Board. Section 11. The President shall be ex-officio a member of all Committees and Chairman of the Executive Committee. Vacancies occurring in any Com- mittee may be filled by ballot at any regular meeting of the Board. ARTICLE IX nominating committee Section 1. At the November meeting of the Board each year, a Nomi- nating Committee of three shall be chosen by lot. Said Committee shall make nominations for membership of the Finance Committee, the Building Committee, the Auditing Committee, and the Pension Committee, and for three members of the Executive Committee, from among the Trustees, to be submitted at the ensuing December meeting and voted upon at the following Annual Meeting in January. ARTICLE X Section 1. Whenever the word "Museum" is employed in the By-Laws of the Corporation, it shall be taken to mean the building in which the Museum as an Institution is located and operated, the material exhibited, the material in study collections, or in storage, furniture, fixtures, cases, tools, records, books, and all appurtenances of the Institution and the workings, researches, installa- tions, expenditures, field work, laboratories, library, publications, lecture courses, and all scientific and maintenance activities. Section 2. The By-Laws, and likewise the Articles of Incorporation, may be amended at any regular meeting of the Board of Trustees by a vote in favor thereof of not less than two-thirds of all the members present, provided the amendment shall have been proposed at a preceding regular meeting. 139 1 '^ 3 0112 084204988 JH •ii'