a ee ees om ee ho, SN ee aes ed NL ae SALES eeetAg Gate folie ‘3 Waiencen ee Yy Beh a = ae Seas: eon eee. poe tae BES Sat ‘3 wa < =~ four %: ; ue Ki ek KY as i uN ey Ha HEE ARENA Ch ‘ NG a nee a ff i i : j i % ie i Seioh IS I Sy DARN NR us eh 3 rs Seer ose Sa vsse Sa = race ere ee ee Kacieanats aS nae St Bee ae ; Ms a a Fata gey i Oe PES oe A Soe rae a igseamerren sehen NEAR STE LIBRARY USE ONLY ——_— DEPARTMENT OF | GEOLOGY 51. Unda v5 Beincis ndusteial MW nivessity, CHAMPAIGN, ILLINOIS. BOOKS ARE NOT TO BE TAKEN FROM THE LIBRARY ROOM. LIBRARY USE ONLY “AUG 3- 1945 | APR 16 1969 _ rf « F 7 if: a a Py © : z=a* ; i 1. 7 : ee < » * , * re * ; , . 7 . 7 _ . : : ‘i eo 4 , ny | | : : . ye 7 . : - PROFESSIONAL PAPERS OF THE ENGINEER DEPARTMENT, U.S. ARMY. No. 18. ei? @aey ae OY THE GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF THE FORTIETH PARALLEL MADE BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR ACCORDING TO ACTS OF CONGRESS OF MARCH 2, 1867, AND MARCH 3, 1869, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF BRIG. AND BVT. MAJOR GENERAL A. A HUMPHREYS, CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, BY CLARENCE KING, U. 8S. GEOLOGIST. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://www.archive.org/details/reportofgeologicOSunit VOLUME V. UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL EXPOLRATION OF THE FORTIETH PARALLEL, CLARENCE KING, GEOLOGIST-IN-CHARGE. nO TA N Y. SERENO WATSON, PROF. DANIEL C. EATON, AND OTHERS. SUBMITTED TO THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS AND PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR UNDER AUTHORITY OF CONGRESS. ILLUSTRATED BY A MAP AND FORTY PLATES, ae om WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. Ion ti dts TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page iN RODUCTORWEMMTTER aoe enaet iol ssss es eee er cee. se Ok ceeciee Sosct 1x (COANE ATMBIUEP OR DAME 114 oe 5, Vos gona snes ool. oss ate eek er eons Xill ero AEHMO MIME NOTRS scr) 5.' 22 setesfed yd oacse Ss oceans xii MinrHOROnOGIGAt; NOTES!: .2:+-2c2s.-s0cesess case Bee eee XVil GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VEGETATION ..-.---.-.--- XXil ‘Wianiaguraie “LI orev 5 Ss is Gene n oe XXIX IMOUNTAINEIEMORAN ORM TIHE ISASIN=: s-se42- 226 42-2 o nee ens oo. XXXIV FiLora oF THE WAHSATCH AND UINTAS AND OF THE WASHOE WIOUNIDNING RMS 2.022 ste Mohs: Bee cate ages tes ee Soper eat ene XXXVil SourHerN Fiora or NEVADA AND UTan............-..----. xl LINRODUCEDAIWHANTSenssuiagsescecess Shire ssc escecct cacsaeercce xli Resume or DIsTRIBUTION AND RANGE ....----..-.----------: xli Gi nEMGC ANITCe MTG site. sees ae blo ooinee ccilemee Seance sees es salen INGTC TERME EES OUR CHS 45cnet ness ere a ye ois spstoye) cee aes a ae xlviii CONCHUSTONGS ee seer ace ese= she Weeean See ceens Sees: ; li CATALOGUE OF THE KNoWN Puants oF NeEvapa AND UTAH wITH DESCRIPTIONS OF SUCH GENERA AND SPECIES AS DO NOT OCCUR, EAST=OF THE, MISSISSIPPI: 2-----2---2---------2---- J PUDDERIONSe NO) THk CATALOGUE ac.2- 22-6 -22e eq) 222222 5242 t= a eoee 416, 496 ISPPENDIX——OYNOPSES OF GENERA .222. 220-222 2--0n0--0- sere ogee see 427 lin XeclOn CAMPATOGUEVAND! APPENDIX .9 222225022220 2222eeee--4-225-- 499 LIST OF PLATES. The Plates illustrating the present volume, as well as the accompanying Map, were engraved and printed by Junius Bimy, of New York. The original drawings were executed by Mr. J. H. Emurron, of Salem, Mass. Map of the Northern portions of Nevada and Utah. ....---..--- facing page 1 PLATE I. Ranuncutus Anpersoni and Var. TENELLUS.-do---- 7 HEP ATABISMHON GIROSTRIG(+.) 4250 .-0 c4s-e5e50220 6 does ee alks TU OAURANTHUS HASTATUS +2. 2. -226s¢-02s2222e508 do=--) 28 IV. Leprrum picryotum, L. Fremonru and L. IIAUNTIUINEE ire ys Soe a Se AM eee eee Net do---- 30 Wen CLEOMEL SPAR SIMOLIACE Rea ee em oe ee eeieeeee GWscca 3) VI. SrevuariA Kineu, CLayroniA UMBELLATA and CALYPTRIDIUM ROSEUM: -.-.-.--:-.-.-- does At VII. Lupinus srevicauuis and L. uNcIALIS...-.-..-. doseee) 54: VIII. Trirotium Gymnocarpon and T. AnpinuM..-.do..-. 62 Xe) Ai Ae POTY DENTA Gmc cena ene ee seek ee do.... 64 X. Dates Kine and AstTRAGALUS CALYCosuUS..-.do---- 66 XG ASTRA GATS ea RATS = sae = esa weed See doses 069 XII. AsTRAGALUS prrERocaRPUs and A. SIMPLICI- EO TUS eee te ee ae ee eee ae GWeaceo Al XIII. Astragatus Jesunus and A. TEGETARIUS..-.- dose AG XIV. CENoTHERA PTEROSPERMA, OROGENIA LINEARI- FOLIA and GALIUM BIFOLIUM.--..--.....---- dosseel2 (0) XV. BricketniA Lintroria and B. oBLoNGIOLIA, Weirte ABBR RVTAP AR sme ee Sus f5)\sc2 su ose ee do. 351 Autium NEVADENSE, A. ATRORUBENS, A. TRI- BRACTEATUM, A. BigELovit and scaPosuM. -.-do- 352 KPHEDRAY ANTISYPHIMITICAS se. 2 eee ee eeeee eee do--=s 300 Eremoca.or Kiner, E. Breetovu and Prt- LAA BREWER. 220 cores eee ee eee eee ee eoee doseee Orricr oF THE U. 8S. GrouocicaL ExpLoration oF THE FortTieTH PARALLEL. New Haven, August, 1871. GENERAL: Herewith I have the honor to transmit Volume V of the Geological Exploration of the 40th Parallel. It is a report on the Botany of the region embraced within my lines of study, and has been made in obedience to your instructions of March 22, 1867. The field investigations, as well as analytical and literary labor, have been performed by Mr. Sereno Watson. Very generous herbarium facilities were placed at his disposal by Professor Dante: C. Eaton of Yale College, who also contributes a valuable paper to the volume. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, CLARENCE KING, Geologist in charge. Brigadier General A. A. Humpnreys, Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army, * Washington, D. C. ny GENERAL REPORT. GeocrapHicaL Nores, The territory within which botanical collections have been made in connection with the United States Geological Survey of the 40th Parallel lies wholly within the limits of Northern Nevada and Utah. It forms a narrow tract at no point exceeding seventy miles in width, between the meridians of 111° and 120°, and extending from the parallel of 39° at the southwestern limit to that of 42° at the northeastern. This region constitutes ‘the northern portion of what was at first designated as the “‘ Great Basin,” the high plateau, without outlet for its waters, separated on the north by low divides from the valley of the Snake River and continuing southward until it merges into the desert of the Lower Colorado. Geologically considered, however, as well as botanically, the term is now properly made to include the whole similar arid stretch of country northward to the plains of the Colum- bia in latitude 48°. The lofty and unbroken range of the Sierras bounds this section of the Basin on the one side by its steep eastern slope, entering Nevada at only a single point, where it throws over the border a high flanking spur, the Washoe Mountains. On the opposite side les the broad and nearly equally elevated system of the Wahsatch, broken through by the Bear, Weber, and Provo Rivers, which head among the peaks of the adjoining Uintahs. The interven- ing space, 450 miles broad in latitude 42°, but narrowed by the convergence of the opposing mountains to about 200 miles in latitude 37°, is for the most part occupied by numerous short and somewhat isolated minor ranges, having a general north and south trend, and at average distances of about twenty miles. The bases of these ranges are usually very narrow, even in the most elevated rarely exceeding eight or ten miles in breadth, the slopes abrupt and the lines of foothills contracted, the mesas grading at a low and uniform angle into the broad uninterrupted valleys. Over the larger portion of the territory, and especially in Nevada, the combined areas of the valleys and the area occupied by the mountains and accompanying foothills are very nearly equal. XIV BOTANY. The main depressions within this region are two, one at the base of the Sierras at a level of about 3,850 feet above the sea, into which flows all of drainage there is from the whole northern half of Nevada and from the eastern slope of the Sierras, the other the “Great Salt Lake Basin,” at an altitude 400 feet greater, close upon the base of the Wahsatch and receiving the waters from that range above latitude 40° and from the northeastern por- tion of the Uintas. Into the first flow the Truckee, Carson, Quinn’s, and Humboldt Rivers. The Truckee is a clear cold stream, which issues from Lake Tahoe in the Sierras and after a rapid descent breaks through the Virginia Mountains and turning north soon empties into Pyramid and Winnemucca Lakes. These are much the deepest of all the lakes of the Basin, being hemmed in by mountains, and are moderately saline. The Carson River also rises in the Sierras, farther to the south, but after leaving the base of the mountains is a less rapid stream and gradually becomes somewhat alkaline. Inclinmg more to the eastward it forms a small shallow lake on the border of Carson Desert, and thence issues in a number of devious channels, and is finally spent in an extensive ‘ sink” or alkaline mud plain of some twenty or thirty milesin diameter. Of a like character are the “Mud Lakes,” lying north of Pyramid Lake and fed by Quinn’s River, which has its source in southeastern Oregon. Beyond the limits of the sur- vey to the south are Walker’s and some other smaller lakes, supplied by streams from the Sierras, but all strongly saline. From this western depression the general level of the country rises gradually eastward very nearly to the border of Nevada, where the valleys have an altitude of about 6,000 feet. Here in the northeastern part of the State the Humboldt River takes its rise, by far the most important river of the basin, not only as the longest but as opening a passage for 300 miles to the Central Pacific Railroad through the mountain ranges that would otherwise have proved a serious obstruction. It is nowhere a large stream, receives very few affluents, and in some parts of its course is very tortuous. It at length spreads out into Humboldt Lake, shallow and sub- alkaline, and from this the little remaining surplus water finds its way in a manner similar to the Carson River into the same sink. The descent of 2,000 feet from Eastern Nevada into the Great Salt Lake Basin is almost immediate, nearly the whole northwestern portion of Utah being an alkaline desert, broken by fewer mountain or hill ranges and GENERAL REPORT. XV but little above the level of the lake. The lake itself is for the most part very shallow, in no place over fifty feet in depth, the waters a concen- trated solution of salt. As with all these sheets of water the shore-line and consequent area vary greatly in different years. The intermediate ranges of the Basin are very similar to each other in character. They vary in altitude from one to six thousand feet above the valleys, culminating in occasional peaks scarcely ever so rugged that they cannot be ascended from some direction upon mules. They are cut up by numerous ravines or ‘‘ cations,” which are narrow, very rarely with an acre of intervale or surface approaching to a level, the sides sometimes rocky or precipitous, more frequently sloping to the summits of the lateral ridges. In geological structure these ranges are more or less complicated, showing rocks of all ages from the azoic to the glacial period, here metamorphic rocks, quartzites, slate, and limestones, there an outburst of granite or syenite, vol- eanic rocks of often the most diverse and picturesque colors, or broad table- lands of lava overflow. The erosion and decomposition of these various rocks have filled the valleys to a monotonous level with a detritus of gravel, sand, or silt, and given to them that accumulation of alkaline salts which is so marked a peculiarity of the country. With few exceptions also these mountains are for most of the year wholly destitute of water, with but small rivulets in the principal canons, frequently with only scanty springs here and there at their bases, irri- gating a few square yards of ground. Even where the mountain supply is sufficient to send a stream into the valleys it is usually either soon entirely evaporated, sinks into the porous soil, or becomes demoralized with alkali and is “lost” in the mud of the plain. The lowest portion of nearly every valley is occupied by some extent of alkali flat, where in the winter season the water collects and the softened clay-like mud is bottomless and im- passable. As the moisture evaporates under the heat of coming summer the level naked surface becomes hard and pavement-like, or covered with a snowy incrustation or deposit of salt or carbonates. The springs and wells even are often more or less saline, and thermal springs are not rare. The chief exceptional ranges in northern Nevada, which from their greater altitude receive heavier snowfalls in winter, retained through the year in greater or less quantity in the more sheltered depressions of the higher peaks, and which in summer are subject to more abundant rains, are the Xvl BOTANY. West Humboldt Mountains, 100 miles east of the California state-line, the East Humboldt Mountains, 75 miles from the Utah line, and the Toyabes, nearly intermediate between the two. Star Peak is the highest point of the first range, with an altitude of nearly 10,000 feet, but with little deposit of snow and the vegetation of the summit scarcely subalpine. Several constant streams here flow from the principal eastern canons and reach the middle of the valley, where they supply irrigation for as many small ranches. The Toyabe range, especially in its southern portion, is higher, several of its peaks having an altitude of from 10,000 to 12,000 feet, with more snow and fuller streams. The waters of the eastern slope are spent in Smoky Valley. On the western side lies Reese River, flowing northward toward the Humboldt of which it is a reputed tributary. In the upper portion of its course of 150 miles it is reénforced to some extent by the drainage of the Shoshone Mountains, a rather high range west of the Toyabes, but as it nears Humboldt Valley it diverges into side-channels and seldom has volume sufficient to reach the main river itself. The East Humboldt Mountains are by far the most stern and alpine of all these ranges, the main peaks between 11,000 and 12,000 feet in height, precipitous and ragged, the deeper cations evidently scooped out by glaciers, gemmed with snow-fed lakes beneath the peaks and carrying full streams into the valleys. The southern portion, however, below Frémont’s Pass, is less rugged and of different geological structure, mainly of nearly horizontal strata of limestone. The cafions here, often mere gorges with close precipitous walls, are perfectly dry on the eastern slope, the melting snows sinking almost im- mediately, but reappearing at the base in bold ice-cold springs. The water from these springs and streams unites to form Ruby and Franklin Lakes, bodies of nearly fresh water, very shallow and largely occupied by a dense growth of “Tule,” (Scirpus validus.) As usual in these ranges the western slope ismuch the more gentle, with a broader line of foothills. The streams upon this side form the South Fork of the Humboldt. The “Clover Mount- ains” of the Catalogue form the northern extremity of this range, isolated by a depression known as Secret Valley, but of equal height and similar character. Such is a general description of the country as far east as the foot of the Wahsatch in Utah. These mountains, upon a broad base of nearly fifty miles in width, and with an irregular crest-line 10-12,000 feet high, have a system of long deep well-watered canons, often exceedingly rocky and some- GENERAL REPORT. Xvil times cleft like a gateway to the valley level, with perpendicular mountain walls on each side, but usually opening out at some part of their course into meadow-like basins or ‘ ‘parks.” The prevalent western winds deposit their moisture, which they have gathered in the traverse of the Basin, in abundant snows in winter and at other seasons in frequent and occasionally heavy rains. The upper canons and mountain slopes are to some extent timbered, much more generally so than in any of the ranges westward, and the naked peaks above have a truly alpine vegetation. The Uintas, which connect immedi- ately with the Wahsatch and extend eastward on the line of the 41st parallel for a distance of 150 miles to Green River, where they meet the outspurs of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, have more of the character of those mountains, with broad open canons and extended lines of foothills, the peaks overtopping those of the Wahsatch, glacier-scored and polished at the north- ern base, but the declivity upon the opposite side stretching southward beyond the limits of vision in a high plateau broken only by the deeply-worn channels of numerous rapid streams, tributaries of the Uinta and Green Rivers. MetEorotoaicaL Notes. The climate of the Basin in this latitude may be said in general to be characterized by a very dry atmosphere and consequent small amount of rain and snow, especially in the valleys, and by a cold winter and correspondingly hot summer, the greatest extremes of each kind occurring at the lower altitudes of the western depression. The data, however, for definite general statements are scanty. No measurement of the rainfall at any point in the Great Basin has been reported. It varies greatly with the altitude and is probably considerably more upon the eastern slope of the mountains than upon the western. Though any statement of the average annual amount must be largely conjectural, yet it may be roughly estimated at eighteen inches, of which one-half may be considered as falling between the months of April and November inclusive. In the warmer months the rains are always limited and of short duration, centering about the mountain peaks and occasionally very severe. Dews and frosts are almost wholly unknown. Field-notes taken in Western Nevada in 1867 show that from the last week in July to August 31st only ten days were nearly cloudless, while on thirteen days there was rain, though in most cases only in sprinkles or light showers at the place of observation. In September, ten days again were wholly without clouds though exceedingly hazy, as was also the case in August, iii XViil BOTANY. and on five days there was rain. On the 16th, snow fell on Star Peak. In October, twelve days are recorded as clear and no rain fell on the remainder. In November, six days only were clear and on five days rain, with snow upon the mountains on the 6th, and the unusual occurrence of frost on the 23d and 25th in the lower Humboldt Valley, though since early in October the minimum of the thermometer had often been below the freezing point. December was much more generally cloudy and with several heavy storms, a rain on the 8th continuing all day. On the 17th, a foot or more of snow fell, which drove the party in from the field, followed on the 23d by a very severe rainstorm that was repeated on the 30th and 31st. The winter of 1867-8 was spent at Carson City, at the base of the Sierras, in about latitude 39°10’ and at an elevation of 4,700 feet. Here a snow fell early in January to the depth of about a foot, which remained until March, reénforced by occasional very light snows, the outskirts of seyerer storms in the mountains above. Though more or less cloudy through March very little rain fell until the 1st of April, and warm spring-like weather began two weeks later. Flowers appeared at once and vegetation advanced rapidly, so that on the 8th of May the party again took the field, depending upon grass for the support of the animals. For six weeks later the weather was unsettled with occasional light snows and showers, two or three times continuing nearly all day. The last slight snowfall was on the 24th of June, and summer immediately followed. In the three months from July to September, 1868, which were spent principally in the vicinity of the East Humboldt Mountains, there were eleven days in July and five days in early August upon which rain fell, mostly in severe thunder storms originating upon the peaks and passing eastward over the valleys. From that time until the 10th of October there was but a single light shower. The only basis upon which the mean annual temperature of this region can at present be calculated is found in the unpublished observations made at the several military posts, under the direction of the Medical Department of the United States Army. These records for the years 1867 and 1868 made at Camp Douglas near Salt Lake City, at an altitude of about 4,500 feet, show a mean temperature for the months of August, July, September, and June, (arranging the months in the order of their temperatures,) of 70.8° F.; for October, May, April, and November, of 51.0° ; for December GENERAL REPORT. X1x March, February, and January, of 32.8°; giving a mean annual rate of 51.5°. The monthly means range from 28.6° in January to 76.2° in August. At the more elevated stations in Northern Nevada, (Fort Ruby, Camp Halleck, Camp Scott, Camp McDermit, and Camp McGarry,) the corresponding averages appear very nearly four degrees lower, October only having a dif- ference of twice that amount and ranking after the month of May instead of before it. On the other hand the temperature at Fort Churchill on the Carson River in Western Nevada, at an altitude of 4,284 feet; from March to September ranged from two to four degrees higher than at Camp Douglas, though from October to December nearly as much lower. During the winter of 1867—68 at Carson City, the month of December, as stated, was mild, with an average daily maximum of not less than 50° and a mean minimum of about 20°. January, on the other hand, was remarkably cold, with a mean maximum of about 26° and a corresponding minimum of 10°, the observed extremes of temperature being 35.5° and —10.0°. This cold term continued through February, the mean daily maxi- mum of that month being about 35° and the minimum below 10°, and for the first half of the month 6°, the extreme maximum observed being 50.5° and the extreme minimum —16.0°. It is very notable that in Virginia City on the eastern slope of Mount Davidson, twelve miles distant and at an elevation nearly 1,500 feet greater, the temperature was uniformly and con- siderably higher. The thermometrical observations taken in the field in 1867 and 1868 were not sufficiently continuous at any one station or altitude to authorize any very positive general deductions. The following series of readings, or when possible means of readings, will fairly illustrate, however, in some degree the daily range of temperature, the usually great dryness of the air as shown by the differences of the dry and wet bulb thermometers, the heat of the direct sun’s rays as shown by the black bulb thermometer, and the amount of night radiation as shown by the minimum thermometer, while some other matters are noted as of interest in this connection. The first table is con- fined mainly to the low valleys of Western Nevada, the second to the higher valleys of Eastern Nevada, and the third to the mountain summits. It should be stated that the wet bulb was always fully exposed to whatever wind was blowing, as thus securing reliable indications of the actual evaporating power of the air under existing conditions, XX BOTANY. 1. Thermometrical observations at stations in the valleys of Western Nevada. ; . iS “| 5 S:(lecaliecaliaoe Station. = Date. Hour. m a) 2 Fc Notes. = Pe eee eal ms < aN ayes at syy |) eas eS Se LANE Truckee Desert....... 3974 | July 29 | 9.00 a. m. | 84.0! 56.0 | 28.0! 139.0 | At 10.15, BB. Ther. 142.5° and temp. of light-colored sand, 130°. Max. ‘ 105.6°. 4258 29 | 12.15 Pp. M. | 94. 58.3 | 35-7 30 | 5.00 a, Mm. | 69.0 | 51.0 | 18.0 Cloudy. Min.,61.6°. Temp. ofsand, 69°. Carson Desert........ 4267 31 | 8.20 a. m. | 73-5 | 64.3] 9.2 | Thunder-storm last evening and cloudy 12.00 mM 85.0 | 65.2 | 19.8 at night. 7-00 p. M. | 83.0 | 62.0 | 21.0 | 5.00 a. M. | 65.0 | 58.8 | 6.2 Hill...| 4824 3-15 Pp. M. | 98.0 | 62.0 | 36.0 4137 8.00 p. M. | 85.0 | 60.2 | 24.8 | 4036 5.00 a. m. | 66.4 | 57.3] 9.1 Minimum, 66°. 4107 10.30 a. M. | 94.0 | 66.3 | 27.7 | 160.0 | Temp. of Carson River, 75.5°. Hill...| 4596 2.00 p. M. | 93.0 | 62.0 | 31.0 | Rain at 12.30. Temp. of rain 70.5°. 4036 4| 6.00 a. m. | 67.5] 60.4] 7.1 | Min., 51°. Max., 99.6°. 1.00 p. M. | 99.0 | 65.0 | 34.0 | 177.6 | Temp. of soil, (gray clay,) 128°. Soda Lake.) 3906 5 | 7-15 a M. | 74.5 | 60.0} 14.5 | 125.5 | Minimum, 61°. ALDL \ldvcis s, ctavete ers 2.00 p. M. | 99.4 | 62.2 | 37.2 | 162.0 | Temp. of volcanic sand, 152°. Humboldt Desert..... 3893 6 -oo a. M. | 65.7 | 51.0} 14.7 -0o p. M,. | 96.5 | 63.5 | 33.0 | 165.5 | Temp.of clay soil, 132°. Max., 100.8°. Temp. of Humboldt Riverat7p.m., 74°. Truckee Valley....... 3995 | Aug.13 | 6.00 a. Mm. | 47.5 | 45.9] 1.6 Mean readings for six days. A week to21. | 8.00 a. m. | 66.9 | 53.0 | 13.9 of very uniform weather, with no 10.00 a. m. | 8o.r | B57) [pequdl'| T5707, showers, few clouds, and light winds. 12.00 Mm. 87.7 | 61.0 | 26.7 | 164.2 Mean Min., 4o.9°. Mean Max., 3-00 p. M. | 90.4 | 59.1 | 31.3 | 151-7 93.0° +. Max. difference of wet and 5.00 p. M. | 87.4 | 57.4 | 30.0 | 127.3 dry bulb Ther. ,; 37.5°. 8.00 p. m. | 71.4 | 52.6 | 18.8 Humboldt Valley, Ore-| 4036 | Aug. 29 | 7.00 a.m. | 58.7 | 49.9 | 8.8 | Continuation of similar weather. Mean ana. toSept. | 10.00 a. m. | 79.8 | 56.2 | 23.6 | 157. Min., 47.5°. Mean Max., 96.2°. te 12,00 m. 87.0 | 59.5 | 27.5 | 162. Max. difference of wet and dry bulb 2.00 p. M. | go.2 | 61.1 | 29.1 | 173. (Wheres jae -oo Pp. M. | 71.1 | 57.1 | 14.0 West Humboldt Mts., | 488: | Sept. 4 .00 a. M. | 57.7 | 41.2] 16.5 Evaporation in exposed vessel in 24 western base on mesa to 11. | 10.00 a. Mm. | 75.7 | 50.9 | 24.8 hours, .5335’; in tent shade, .2871’. at mouth of canon. 12.00 mM, 82.0 | 53.6 | 28.4 | 163.3 2.00 p. M. | 84.1 | 54.0 | 30.1 | 154-7 7-00 p. M. | 69.7 | 46.8 | 22.9 West Humboldt Mts., | 5169 | Oct.gto | 7.00 a. m. | 53.6 | 41.3 | 12.3 eastern side at Union- i g.00 a. Mm. | 62.1 | 48.8 | 13.3 | 161.8 ville within mouth of Iz.0o Mm. 67.5 | 48.8 | 18.7 | 171.9 canon. 3-00 p. M. | 69.6 | 50.4 | 19.2 | 162.7 5.00 p. m. | 62.2 | 48.2 | 14.0 Humboldt Valley..... 4190 | Oct. 15 | 7.00 a. m. | 34.8 | 28.9] 5.9 Mean of 7 morning readings. Mean to 25. | 8.00 a. m. |} 41.1] 32.9] 8.2 Min., 22.2°. Lowest Min., 4.8°. Truckee Valley,Glen- | 4372 | May 10} 9.00 a. m. | 57.6 | 46.6 | 11.0 | 133.2 | Frost. dale. 12.00 M. 65.6 | 48.5 | 17.1 | 134-5 3-00 p. M. | 69.4 | 48.3 | 21.1 | 129.0 | Maximum, 77.5°. 7.00 p. M. | 64.8 | 46.8 | 18.0 West Humbo.dt Mts., | 5169 | June 5] 6.00a. m. | 51.4 | 44.4 7.0 Unionville. to7. | I0.00 a. m. | 63.5 | 48.9 | 14.6 | 118.7 I.00 p. mM. | 67.4 | 48.3 | 19.1 | 131-6 6.00 p. Mm. | 64.4 | 47.8 | 16.6 | | | GENERAL REPORT. Xxl 1. Thermometrical observations—Continued. ‘ ; i s 3 os =i ic 3 Station. x Date. Hour. Ei cS 3 a Notes. = Pel eager (|) ca 4 a 1S) || fey ss Crap) a Noa Leche Shy Same Station.......... June 20) 6.00 a. m. | 65.1 | 52.7 | 12.4 | 88.8 to 21. | 10.00 a. m. | 76.0] 57.6 | 18.4 | 142.2 1.00 p. M. | 80.6 | 56.1 | 24.5 | 145.8 6.00 p. m. | 74.2 | 53.9 | 20.3 | 134.4 Summit Springs....... 5000+] June 28 | 6.00 a. m. | 58.8 | 49.4 | 9.4 | 113.0 | Minimum, 42.7°. 10.00 a. Mm. | 76.3 | 52.1 | 24.2 | 160.6 I.00 p.m. | 80.8 | 51.6 | 29.2 | 153-2 | Maximum, 83.0°. 6.00 p.m. | 75.2 | 49.6 | 25.6 | 134.6 2. Thermometrical observations at stations in the valleys of Eastern Nevada. Smoky Valley........ 5600 | July 7 | 2.00 p.m. | 82.0 | 57-5 | 24.5 Partially clouded, with rain inthe south 6.00 p. m. | 68.4 | 55.7 | 12.7 and east. 8] 5.00 a. m. | 44.8} 42.3] 2.5 Clear. Heavydew. Min., 36.6°. Monitor Valley....... 5600 | 10.00 a. m. | 76.8 | 60.6 | 16.2 Clouded. 2.00 p.m. | 76.1 | 57.6 | 18.5 Ruby Valley on mesa | 6300 | July 12| 7.00 a. m. | 66.3 | 56.2 | 10.1 Means of 11 days’ readings. Mean line at base of East | | to26. | 10.00 a. m. 78.3 | 58.2 | 20.1 | 151.8 Min., 41.7°. Mean Max., 85.5°. Humboldt Mts. 2.00 p. M. | 80.9 | 57.0 | 23.9 | 150.4 Lowest Min., 21.6°. Highest Max., 7.00 p.m. | 70.3 | 51.3 | 19.0 and the extreme of the season, 9o.5°. Huntington Valley..... 6000+) Aug. 20 | 7.00 a. m. | 66.6 | so.g | 15.7 & 21. | 12.00 m. 79-3 | 55-9 | 23-4 Thousand Spring Val- | 6000 | Sept. 27 | 7.00 a. m. | 67.6 | 49.4 | 18.2 Mean Min. from Sept. 20 to Oct. 8, ley. 3.00 p.m. | 81.2 55-2 | 26.0 24.4°; lowest Min., 3.0°. 6.00 p.m. | 60.2 | 46.4 | 13.8 3. Thermometrical observations on peaks in Northern Nevada. Virginia Mountains...! 7230 | July 30 | 12.00 m. 81.6 | 55.5 | 26.1 | 134.5 8360 | Aug. 17 | 11.00 a. m. | 68.3 | 45.2 | 23.1 | 116.0 | Wind west, fresh. West Humboldt Mts..| go2x | Sept. 12 | 1.00 p.m. | 54.0 | 34.0] 20.0 | 127.6 | Wind west, very strong. 9882 1g | x.00 p.m. | 44.7 | 34.5 | 10.2 | 137-0 | Clear. Wind east, strong. 3-15 Pp. M. | 45.4 | 35-4 | 10.0 | 142.5 9095 21 | 12.30 p. m. | 60.8 | 43.4 | 17-4 | 138.0 | Wind east, light. Pah-Ute Mountains...} 7423 23 | 12.co m. 74.4 | 49.2 | 25.2 | 152.0 | Wind south, fresh. 8238 27| 2.30 p.m. | 66.6 | 51.3 | 15.3 | 133-5 | Wind south, fresh. 7997 | Oct. 1 | 1.30 p.m. | 64.6 | 43-8 | 20.8 | 120.5 | Wind west, strong. 8432 2] 4.30 p.m. | 48.7 | 35-2 | 13.5 Wind south, fresh. Lake Range........... 8140 | Nov.13| r.oo p.m. | 45.3 | 35-2 | 10.1 | 128.0 | Wind south, fresh. Havallah Mountains..} 9314 | June 25| 5.30 p.m. | 36.7] 30.6] 6.1 Clear. Wind west, strong. Battle Mountains..... 8530 go | 2.00 p.m. | 64.9 | 43.3 | 21.6 | 127.6 | Clear. Wind west, strong. East Humboldt Mts...| gooo | July 27| 3.00 p.m. | 61.0 | 47.4 | 13.6 Cloudy. Wind south, light. 8000 30 | 11.00 a. Mm. | 73.2 | 59-8 | 13.4 Wind east, light. 8500 | Aug. 4] 1.00 p.m. | 62.8 | 46.7 | 16.1 Wind west, very strong. 8000 (| Secret ty ceca | Mey ectsdl 7 eel eed eoonadee | Clear. Wind west, fresh. gooo 18 | g.oo a. Mm. | 66.2 | 45.0 | 21.2 Wind east, moderate. 10000 12,00 mM. 54.5 | 38.0 | 16.5 Very hazy. Wind east, moderate. 8000 ENN | Bikey oo telay | Il ene Bec aa | > hel ban Nearly clear. Wind east, fresh. Clover Mountains..... 10954 | Sept. 7| 3-30 p.m. | 43-2] 37-5] 5.7 Wind west, fresh. 8098 1rx| 7.00 p.m. | 41.6 | 32.4 | 9.2 In canon, clear. Wind east, light. 1z2| 7.304. mM. | 45.0] 37-7 | 7-3 Clear. Min., 26.0°. 8942 14 | 7.30 a. M. | 42.8 | 32.6 | 10.2 Head of canon, clear. Wind west, moderate. 11060 12.00 Mm. 49.8 | 39.0 | 10.8 Clear. Wind west, fresh. XXxli BOTANY. The degree of dryness of the air is also shown by the results of a series of careful measurements of the actual amount of evaporation taking place in vessels of water exposed to the full influence of sun and wind. The portion of these measurements made during fifteen days in June, fifteen days in July, and fourteen days in August, 1868, give very closely approximating means, and a general average daily evaporation of .5107 inches. Of this amount .4019 inches, or very nearly four-fifths, were evaporated between 6.00 A. M. and 6.00 p.m. The maximum evaporation for any hour observed was .0607 inches, and the largest amount recorded during any six hours is .3333 inches between 10 a. M.and 4 p. M.,as shown in the following readings for July 23d, at Camp Ruby. Record of Evaporator; Camp Ruby, Fuly 23, 1868. LE U =} fe Thermometer. o 8 i a @ ‘ ine : . a | Hour. = Bo a as 2 3 eI Clouds. | Wind. Notes. beret (ee a Sa 2 5 A ° 5 | 2 = a . & 6 *S 5) Cs a (ass ee 2 rs > f=! a S| s ica] < i=) S A faa) z In. | In. | °F. | °F. | oF. | oF. 6.20 a, m ZEQOR | aactercisios 65 64a1 15925 .1| Omit | aonnaierners | Clear. | East, light. 8.03 +2963 -0273 | 77-0 | 61.2 | 15.8 | 146.6 | Clear. | East, light. 9.00 3203 -o240 | 80.4 | 61.7 | 18.7 | 155.2} Clear. | East, light. 10.00 3604 | .o4or | 82.0 | 58.9 | 23.1 165.2 | Clear. | North, light. 11.00 4182 .0578 | 85.3 | 55.2 | 30.1 | 167.0] Clear. | North, light. 12.00 M 4746 0564 | 85.6 | 55.6 o | Clear. East, moderate. | I.co p.m 5326 0580 87.0 | 55.3 Clear. | East, fresh. 2.00 +5876 | .0550 | 84.8 | 54.6 Clear. | Northeast, light. 3-00 6426 | .o550 | 84.2 | 55.0 | Clear. | Northeast, moderate. | Maximum, 89.2°. | 4.00 -6937 | .o5rr | 82.8 | 54.7 Clear. | Northeast, light. 5.00 +7257'| .0320 | 81.7 | 55.8 Clear. | East, light. 6.00 -7440 | .0183 | 78.0 | 52.4 Clear. | West, fresh. 7-03 7644 | .0204 | 76.4 | 52.0 | Clear. North, moderate. 8.18 7915 | .0271 | 75.0 | 52.2 | Clear. | West, fresh. 9.00 -8021 | .o106 | 69.0 | 51.8 Clear. | West, light. | | | } 10.03 +8183 0162 | 69.3 | 51.0 Clear. West, light. | 11.00 8327 | .or44 | 67.6 | 50.4 Clear. | West, light. 6.35 a. m. | .8823 | +0496 | 67.2 | 58.3 Clear. | East, very light. Minimum, 45.4°. GENERAL ‘CHARACTER OF THE VEGETATION. The following statements are based upon the results of field-work in Nevada in 1867 and 1868 and in Utah in 1869. Entering Nevada from California, collection was commenced on the 16th of July, 1867, in the valley of the Truckee River by Mr. W. W. Bailey, botanist of the expedition, and was continued through the season but confined wholly to the district between the Virginia and Pah-Ute Mountains. The summer was already so far advanced that the earlier vegetation had dis- GENERAL REPORT. Xxill appeared and little was left to reward the collector. Some gleanings were however made, especially in the West Humboldt Mountains and in the bot- toms and sinks of the Truckee, Carson, and Humboldt Rivers. During the winter Mr. Bailey’s continued ill-health induced his return to the east, and on the opening of spring the duties of botanical collector were, among others, given to the undersigned. Begun at Carson City and the base of the Washoe Mountains during April and early May, 1868, the work was continued until the middle of June through the Trinity, West Humboldt, and Pah-Ute Mountains and the intervening valleys, and thus a fair collection was obtained of the evanescent spring flora of this region. Leaving Unionville on the 22d of June the route lay with but short delays across the Pah-Ute and Havallah Mountains and down Regan’s Valley to Cumberland City, then to the Battle Mountains and mouth of Reese River and up Reese Valley to Austin in the Toyabes. It thence followed the Overland Stage Road across Smoky and Monitor Valleys and eastward to Ruby Valley. From the 11th July to the 24th of August the main camp near Fort Ruby was the center from which col- lections were made in the East Humboldt Mountains and the adjacent valleys, continued from that date until the 20th of September in the northern and higher portions of the range, including the Clover Mountains. Passing thence through Humboldt Pass into Holmes Creek and Thousand Spring Valleys, and by the Old Emigrant Road through Goose Creek Valley and the upper valley of Raft River and around the northern end of Great Salt Lake, work was closed at Ogden City on the 8th of October. The next season’s collection was begun at Salt Lake City on the 17th of May, but was much interrupted during the first ten days by continued rains. From the 2d to the 22d of June was spent upon Salt Lake and its shores and islands. Camp was then made in Parley’s Park in the Wahsatch Mountains, 25 miles from Salt Lake City, and the remainder of the summer till the 29th of August was passed in different parts of the Wahsatch be- tween this point and Echo Cafion on the north, and Provo River on the south, with the exception of two weeks, from the 30th July to the 13th of August, spent in the Uintas at the head of Bear River. A brief trip was also made early in July to the divide between the Provo and Duchesne Rivers in the same mountains. It will be seen by reference to the map that opportunity was thus given for a more or less thorough examination of quite a large portion of the region XXIV BOTANY. embraced within the limits of the survey, and for securing a somewhat gom- plete collection of the plants peculiar to the different sections as well as seasons. As the area of the territory explored is occupied in nearly equal pro- portions by the mountain ranges and intervening valleys, so we find the vege- tation divided into two corresponding well-marked sections, which it will be best to consider separately. In-order also to arrive at the Basin flora proper it will be necessary to distinguish those species which are peculiar to the extreme eastern and western bounding walls of the Basin, to the Washoe Mountains in Western Nevada as belonging rather to the flora of the Sierras and California, and to the Wahsatch and Uintas upon the east as a part of the somewhat distinct Rocky Mountain flora. Omitting, moreover, those plants which have as yet been found only in the southern portions of Nevada and Utah and which belong chiefly to the more desert region of Arizona and Southern California, the remaining species of the Catalogue may be con- sidered as giving a fair though by no means complete representation of the flora of this section of the Great Basin. No portion of this whole district, however desert in repute and in fact, is destitute of some amount of vegetation even in the driest seasons, ex- cepting only the alkali flats, which are usually of quite limited extent. Even these have frequently a scattered growth of Sarcobatus or Halostachys sur- mounting isolated hillocks of drifted sand, compacted by their roots and buried branches. This vegetation covering alike the valley plains, the graded incline of the mesas, the rounded foothills and the mountain slopes, possesses a monotonous sameness of aspect and is characterized mainly by the absence of trees, by the want of a grassy greensward, the wide distribution of a few low shrubs or half-shrubby plants to the apparent exclusion of nearly all other growth, and by the universally prevalent gray or dull olive color of the herbage. To the absence of trees there seems to be but a single exception, in the valley of the Truckee, where Populus monilifera and trichocarpa grow in con- siderable numbers in the river bottom. Upon the Humboldt and Carson Rivers they are rarely found, and in the higher eastern valleys the willow- leaved P. balsamifera of the mountains scarcely ever follows the streams be- yond the limit of the foothills. So as respects the second of the charac- teristics mentioned, the turfing “buffalo” or ‘ grama” grasses, which make GENERAL REPORT. XXV the plains east of the Rocky Mountains a vast pasture for the bison, deer, and antelope, are here unknown. There are, indeed, various other species more or less abundant in localities, but always growing in sparsely scattered tufts and dying away with the early summer heats, or to be then found only in favored spots in the mountain canons. The two or three species that may be said to mat into a sward are confined to alkaline meadows and are nearly worthless for pasturage. Of the more predominant species which form the mass of the shrubby and perennial vegetation of the entire region some are confined almost wholly to the more saline localities. Of these the Halostachys occidentalis, abundant about the sinks of the Carson and Humboldt Rivers and other similar places, is an exclusively alkaline shrub, growing where almost no other plant will. Much more widely distributed and abundant is the Sarco- batus vermiculatus, found nearly everywhere in the lower valleys where there is a decided amount of alkali, but rarely extending beyond such limits. The more frequent plants accompanying these are Sadicornia herbacea and several species of Sueda, and other mostly Chenopodiaceous plants, and if there are grasses at all, Brizopyrum spicatum and Spartina gracilis. On the somewhat less alkaline and drier portions of the valleys are found in frequent abundance Obione confertifolia and canescens or the nearly as common Grayia polygaloides, and rather less abundantly Artemisia spinescens, Eurotia lanata, and-Kochia prostrata. Sometimes mingled with them, but wholly free from alkaline preferences and beyond their range usurping entire predominence, is the ‘everlasting sagebrush,” the Artemisia tridentata. This is by far the most prevalent of all species, covering valleys and foothills in broad stretches farther than the eye can reach, the growth never so dense as to seriously obstruct the way but very uniform over large surfaces, very rarely reaching the saddle-height of a mule and ordinarily but half that altitude. The “ Broom-sage,” Linosyris graveolens, sometimes occurs in consider- able abundance along the dry valleys, often accompanied by Tetradymia canescens, but upon the gravelly foothills the smaller L. visccdiflora is much more frequent. Here the Artemisia tridentata is occasionally associated with or yields to the similar but smaller species A. ¢rifida. On the foothills only and not ascending above the base of the mountains Purshia tridentata is widely distributed, and of frequent occurrence with it in Western Nevada are iv XXVl BOTANY. Ribes leptanthum and Prunus Andersonii. Ephedra antisyphilitica is likewise abundant westward and especially southward. Along the fresh water streams there are some other species prominent as shrubs, especially the willows, Saiz longifolia and cordata in several strongly marked varieties, less frequently Rosa blanda, and still more rarely Shepherdia argentea and Ribes auream. The marshes and margins of the lakes may be green with Juncus Balticus and Scirpus validus or maritimus, or sometimes with Equisetum hiemale, and the coarseness of the meadow herbage tempered to some extent by a growth of Vil/a depauperata or Triti- cum repens. ‘The more generally abundant herbaceous plants upon the foot- hills are in their seasons the grasses Poa tenuifolia and Hordeum jubatum, as also the more persistent Eriocoma cuspidata, with Sisymbrium canescens and Lupinus flexuosus, replaced eastward by sericeus. In general the minor flora is marked by a prevalence of species of Astragalus, C!nothera, Glia, Hydrophyllacea, annual Eriogonee and ligulate and senecivid composites. The more generally predominant of the above mentioned shrubby species may be thus arranged approximately in the order of their frequency. Predominant Species. Artemisia tridentata. Grayia polygaloides, Eurotia lanata. Obione confertifolia. Halostachys occidentalis. Purshia tridentata. canescens. Linosyris graveolens. Ephedra antisyphilitica. Sarcobatus vermiculatus. Artemisia trifida. Tetradymia canescens. Linosyris viscidiflora. spinescens. All of these are strictly western species, Obione canescens and Eurotia alone being found east of the Rocky Mountains upon the plains. Most of them cross the line of the Sierras and appear upon the Pacific slope, and all excepting the two species mentioned and Artemisia trifida and spinescens pass southward to Arizona, New Mexico or Western Texas, and Obione conjertifolia into Mexico. Tetradymia and Eurotia are the only ones reported from north of latitude 49°, the one from British Columbia, the other from the Saskatchewan. The mountains are in a large measure as destitute of trees as the val- leys, or even more naked from the dwarfed character of the shrubs upon the exposed ridges and summits. There is generally, however, upon limited portions of all but the lowest ranges from the Sierras to the Wahsatch a greater or less supply of Pinus monophylla or Juniperus occidentalis. ‘These are usually scattered over the dry slopes, of low compact habit, rarely ex- GENERAL REPORT. XXVil ceeding 10 or 15 feet in height, and confined to a belt of about 2,000 feet in width between the altitudes of 5,000 and 7,000 feet above the sea. In the principal ranges the Mountain Mahogany, Cercocarpus ledifolius, is also of frequent occurrence, but limited to an elevation of 6,000 to 8,000 feet. This too is only a small tree, very rarely 40° high, perferring the rocky ridges and dry mountain sides. On the stream banks in the upper cations the “ Quaking Asp,” Populus tremuloides, is usually found, mostly small, but sometimes growing sufficiently large to answer for telegraph poles. In the Shoshone Mountains the Willow-leaved Poplar, Populus balsamifera, Vav. angustifolia, was first met with and oceurs abundantly in some cations of the higher portion of the East Humboldt range, becoming a handsome tree 60 feet high. In the Washoe Mountains in common with the rest of the Sierras there is a heavy growth of several species of conifers, of which Pinus ponderosa extends down to the very base or even on to the valley slopes. A few scattered trees of the same species were also seen on the northern part of the Virginia Mountains, but for more than a hundred miles to the east- ward other Conifere than the Nut Pine and Juniper already mentioned appear to be wholly wanting. In the southern Toyabe Mountains some pines and firs are found, probably the same species ‘as those of the East Humboldt range. Here Pinus flexilis was met with in considerable numbers in the cafions, ranging from near the base to the higher divides and slopes, where also were a few specimens of P. Badfouriana, while in some of the high western cations there is a dense growth of Abies Engelmanni. The last is probably the tree which gives its name to the White Pine District. On these mountains the alpine form of Juniperus communis occurred for the first time, and also J. Virginiana, of more slender and straighter habit than J. occidentalis and preferring more shaded and damper localities. In the Goose Creek Mountains Abies grandis was found occupying some of the moister cations, which completes the list of the known trees of these central mountain ranges. But in no case do these species cover more than very limited portions of the mountains, within the canons, mostly much scattered, and probably never exceeding 40 or 50 feet in height. For the most part also they have been of exceedingly slow growth, are very knotty and cross-grained and make but poor timber. This is especially true of the pines. An extreme instance of the contortion that is occasionally seen in most of these species XXVill BOTANY. was noticed in a dead branch, eight inches in diameter, apparently of Pinws monophylla, found in the East Humboldt Mountains. Here the decay of the bark and drying of the wood revealed very plainly the course of the fibres, which in a length of seven feet made four complete circuits. In some por- tions the direction was very nearly at right angles to the axis of the branch, and the length of the outer series of fibres must have been at least ten feet. An opportunity was offered at the saw-mill in Ruby Valley of ascer- taining the age and dimensions of several specimens of Pinus flexilis from the upper canons of the Kast Humboldt Mountains. The following table gives the length and end-dimensions of the ‘ cuts,” and the width of each series of fifty rings from the outside toward the center. A comparison of these last measurements shows great uniformity of growth in the different periods, in- dicating a like uniformity in the conditions of temperature and moisture. To these are added a few measurements of Artemisia tridentata and Purshia, also made in Ruby Valley, besides which may be mentioned a Juniperus occidentalis twelve inches in diameter with 250 rings and a Cercocarpus ledi- Jolius about two feet in diameter with 160 rings. Measurements of Tree and Shrub Growth. | Pi flexili Artemisia Purshia inus flexilis. 5 | - cs tridentata. || tridentata. 5 : ae ls I » an o ; 8 Ss || & | s | = 2 ra) oe) alll ROlen Sates es alee es | : | bs) = 7g) WOR ios a] : = s L o eo fe r | B = 5 | 3 3 5 3s on ieee | ese =o |) Ge) ealierte | eecser | as 2 a e] a Sy op =| I sa S hs &, = s 3) ot 8 (=| on | th | §& 5 5 ai] 3 3 5 5/8 | % a |»! gs | s & || s & lee A G Z4 |e a Rl/e|/&}/ala|]e|e | aA % | 48 x | Feet In. In. || | In In. In. | In. | In. | In, | In. | In. | In. In In. 12 26. 22 | 486 1.0 1.0 eae} Dex 1.0 | 1.9 1.6 3-4 8.0] 65 + || 4.3 36 |} 39 26 T3355: 462 1.0 = Xe} 1.25 ZielS Li2 ZsO°|| .9))| 2.25 2.9 || 5.5] 58 3.0 61 | 12.5 30.5 22. | 444 75 1.0 1.0 Te5 > 1.2 | 256) 357, yall wing |} 25h alKébsas|bobonoc, | 14 30. | 22. || 400 I.3 La, TS 2.4 2.6 Bist | Sede | ele | 0 wreiere 4.0 37 nee aecleccencice 6 19. 14 || 400 75 +75 I.0 Bye an 1.5 Tiel], Qual atejerwiave 3.0 Brea | ctrietetete,| sfotetersittere | 7 34 32 \| 357 | r.8 1.8 2.1 2500 |meser 3-9)) 3.6 FO atertelete 265 | IQ —lwwvevinlewrcsces 10 16 II || 233 | 1-6 1.8 2.0 1.5 DferLall teYetasetsil etoreteratell sistetarsle [letsrststets 2.5 eH baouos|prodoapad | | | When the canons in the mountains are dry the vegetation in them differs little from that of the intervening ridges, but in the presence of moisture and especially upon the sides of the higher canons there is frequently a con- siderable amount of shrubby or perennial herbaceous growth. The most common species are Ceanothus velutinus, forming dense and tangled patches at an altitude of from 7,000 to 9,000 feet, Fibes cereum scattered over all the GENERAL REPORT. XX1X mountain sides from base to summit, Amelanchier Canadensis and Sympho- ricarpus montanus of equally wide range but in rather moister localities, and also Prunus demissa, but confined to the neighborhood of streams. On the stream-banks in the lower canons may be Ribes irriguum, Rosa, and various willows, with Sambucus glauca and Cornus pubescens, or more rarely Crategus rivularis or Alnus incana. Equally conspicuous with any of these and coyer- ing abundantly the moist rich hillsides are Wyethia amplexicaulis, Lophanthus urticafolius, and Geranium Richardsonii. The mountain flora shows a larger number of shrubby species than that of the valleys, though many of them are very sparingly distributed. Among the herbaceous species there is a marked predominance of certain orders, genera, or sections of genera, mostly perennials, especially of Pentstemon, Eriogonum, Lupinus, Castilleia, and various Asteroid and Caryephyllaceous, Saxifragaceous and Umbelliferous genera. The number of alpine and sub- alpine plants is proportionally very large. ; Vatiey Frora. It is evident that the vegetation of the valleys may be readily divided into three very distinct groups, the first including species characteristic of the more alkaline localities, the second confined to the fresh- water aquatic and meadow species, and the last and much the larger class including the plants peculiar to the drier portions of the valleys and to the foothills. The strictly or chiefly alkaline species, as included in the follow- ing list, are neither numerous nor, with a few exceptions, very frequent. The first division (@.) is restricted to such as have been found, so far as known, only within the limits of the Great Basin, (taking that term in its larger sense.) The second division (0.) includes all those that extend beyond those limits but not (or rarely) eastward of the Saskatchewan and Mississippi Rivers, the first section, indeed, only westward to the Pacific slope, the second only eastward into the Rocky Mountains, or beyond, toward the Saskatchewan or Texas, and the last in both directions. In the third division (c.) are placed those species that are found in the Atlantic States or Eastern British America, the last section containing the few species that do not also pass to the Pacific side of the continent. The arctic species and those which extend beyond latitude 55° toward the arctic circle are designated by (Are.) and (Subare.) respectively. Southern species, found in Arizona, Southern California or Mexico, are indicated by (S.) or (Mex.,) while an (R.) notes such of the last two sections of division (.) as do not cross the XXX Rocky Mountains. sequent lists. (a.) Arabis longirostris. Thelypodium Nuttallii. S. sagittatum. Cleomella parviflora. S. plocasperma. longipes. Mex. Astragalus pterocarpus. Ivesia Kingii. Aster Nuttallii. Aplopappus tenuicaulis. Crepis Andersonii. Cressa Cretica. Mex. Lycium Andersonii. Erythreea Nuttallii. Monolepis pusilla. Obione phyllostegia. pusilla. Kochia prostrata. BOTANY. same method of arrangement is followed in the sub- Alkaline Species. I 4 Schoberia occidentalis. Halostachys occidentalis. Fimbristylis thermalis. - (.) Lepidium montanum. Mex. Nitrophila occidentalis. Milla maritima. Monolepis chenopodioides. S. Suzeda depressa. fruticosa. S.R. Vilfa asperifolia. R. Spartina gracilis. Aplopappus lanceolatus. Eritrichium Californicum. Mt. S. Blitum polymorphum. Obione argentea. Sarcobatus vermiculatus. S. Euphorbia serpyllifolia. Vilfa depauperata. (c.) Ranunculus Cymbalaria. Mt Arc. Spergularia media, Mt. Subarc. Heliotropium Curassavicum. Suzeda maritima. Triglochin maritimum. Arc. palustre. Subarc. Scirpus maritimus. S. Glyceria distans. Subarc. Brizopyrum spicatum, var. Panicum capillare. dichotomum. Sesuvium Portulacastrum. Salicornia herbacea. Mex. The Ranunculus, Eritrichium, Aster, Euphorbia and Panica are not ex- clusively alkaline, and of these the first two are as often found in the moun- tains. Spergularia media was only collected at a salt spring in the Wahsatch and is added to complete the number of saline plants found, though not properly belonging in this list. The only shrubby or subshrubby species among them are the Grayia, Halostachys, Sarcobatus, Lycium, Kochia, and Suceda fruticosa. There is a very much larger number of species belonging to the second - group, aquatics or subaquatics, occupying the margins and banks of the lakes, springs and streams of purer water, or growing in the meadows or river bottoms in the near neighborhood of moisture—all properly fresh-water plants, though the localities in which they are found may often be to a considerable degree alkaline. Many of these are of course often found also on stream- banks in the canons, while others which belong to the mountain flora occasion- ally follow the streams into the valleys; the first are indicated by (Mt.,) the last will be noted in the list of mountain plants. As might be expected they are generally of very wide range. But five species can be considered peculiar to the Great Basin, all little known and in some cases questionable. Fifteen species extend only westward and eight only eastward, while forty- three range from the Pacific slope toward the east, all but ten (R.) passing beyond the Rocky Mountains and nine approaching or crossing the arctic GENERAL REPORT. XXX1 circle. Of the still larger number (98) of the yet more eastern species thirty- six are arctic and seventeen subarctic, and seventy-eight range from the Pacific to the Atlantic. 'Those of division (¢.) in italics are scarcely found south of Fourteen, at least, of the whole number extend into Mexico. the great lakes. Besides the two species of Populus, but six are even shrubby. (@.) Nasturtium lyratum. Selinum Kingii. Potamogeton marinus. Eu. Scirpus Nevadensis. Carex Watsoni. (6.) Trifolium vanegatum. Mt. Mex. fimbriatum. Mt, cyathiferum. Mt. Tillzea angustifolia. CEnothera tanacetifolia. Calais major. Downingia pulchella. Mimulus floribundus. Mt. pilosus. Castilleia affinis. Mt. Mex. Hesperochiron Californicus. Populus trichocarpa. Iris Tolmieana. Carex zmathorhyncha,. vesicaria. _ Bergia Texana. Potentilla millegrana. S. Aster adscendens. Mt. Erigeron Bellidiastrum. Mt. pumilum. Mt. Plantago eriopoda. Subarc. Shepherdia argentea. Vilfaramulosa. R. Nasturtium sinuatum. Mt. S. obtusum. Mt. Sidalcea malvzeflora. Mex. R. Thermopsis fabacea. Mt. R. Glycyrrhiza lepidota. Mex. Potentilla gracilis. Mt. Nuttallii. Mt. Parnassia parviflora. Mt. Lab. Ribes aureum. Gaura parviflora. S. Galium asperrimum. R. Aster angustus. Subarc. falcatus. R. Arc. Erigeron lonchophyllum. Mt. glabellum. Subarc. Solidago elongata. Mt. R. Arc. occidentalis. Tva axillaris. Artemisia dracunculoides. Mt. Ludovici.na. S. Aquatic and Meadow Species. Gnaphalium luteo-album. palustre. S. Senecio hydrophilus. R. Cirsium Drummondii. Stephanomeria exigua. R. Crepis runcinata, Mt. Mulgedium pulchellum. Arc. Gentiana affinis. Asclepias speciosa. Rumex longifolius, Subarc. Epipactis gigantea. Zigadenus Nuttallii. Juncus longistylis. Mt. S. xiphioides. S. Carex Douglasii. Mex. marcida. Subarc. athrostachya. R. Jamesii. Vilfa airoides. Vaseya comata. Elymus condensatus. R. Aira danthonioides. Beckmannia eruceeformis. Mt. Arc. (c.) Ranunculus aquatilis. Arce. sceleratus. Arc. repens. fascicularis. Nasturtium palustre. Mt. Mex. Arc. Cardamine hirsuta. Mt. Arc. Viola cucullata. Mt. Arc. Hosackia Purshiana. Mex. Geum macrophyllum. Mt. Subarc. Potentilla Anserina. Arc, Rosa blanda. Mt. Arc. Hippuris vulgaris. Mt. Arc. Myriophyllum verticillatum. Mt. Callitriche verna. Mt. Ammannia latifolia. Mex. (Enothera biennis. Mt. S. Subarc. Cicuta maculata. S. Arc. Sium lineare. angustifolium. Valeriana edulis. Aster simplex. zestivus. Arc. Erigeron Canadense. Solidago gigantea. Mt. Helenium autumnale. Arc. Sonchus asper. Mt. Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi. Arc. Dodecatheon Meadia. Mt. S, Arc. Glaux maritima. Subarc. Samolus Valerandi, var. Mex. Utricularia vulgaris. Arc. Gratiola Virginiana. Veronica Anagallis. Subarc. Americana. Mt. Subarc. peregrina. Mt. Mex. Subarc. Mentha Canadensis. Subarc. Stachys palustris. Arc. Gentiana Amarella. Alp.* Arc. Menyanthes trifoliata. Subarc. Apocynum cannabinum. Mt. Mex. Rumex salicifolius. Arc. maritimus, Polygonum amphibium. Mex. Subarc. Urtica dioica. Mt. Mex. Arc. Populus monilifera. Salix longifolia. Arc. cordata. Arc. Lemna trisulca. minor. Typha latifolia. Arc. Potamogeton natans. Subarc. pectinatus. Mex. Alisma Plantago. Sagittaria variabilis. Sisyrinchium Bermudiana. Mt. Arc. Zigadenus glaucus. Mt. Arc. Juncus bufonius. Mt. Arc. Balticus. Mt. Arc. nodosus. S. Cyperus inflexus. phymatodes. S. Eleocharis palustris. Arc. acicularis. Scirpus validus. S. Subarc. Carex stipata. Arc. aurea. Mt. Arc. utriculata. Mt. Subare. Alopecurus aristulatus. Subarc. Agrostis scabra. Mt. Subarc. Muhlenbergia glomerata. Mt. Calamagrostis stricta. Mt. Arc. -Glyceria aquatica. Mt. Phragmites communis. Mt. Triticum repens. Mt. Arc. Hordeum pratense. Subarc. Aira czespitosa. Subarc. Phalaris arundinacea. Mt. Arc. Panicum Crus-galli. Elatine Americana, Aster carneus. XXXii BOTANY. Solidago nemoralis. Lemna Valdiviana. Schollera graminea. Utricularia minor, Arc. polyrrhiza. Scirpus Torreyi. Gentiana detonsa. Mt. Arc. Sparganium eurycarpum. Subarc. Carex aristata. Arc. Rumex Britannica. Potamogeton lonchites. Agrostis elata. ? Ceratophyllum demersum. gramineus. Arc. Muhlenbergia sylvatica. ? Parietaria Pennsylvanica. Mt. perfoliatus. Arc. Eragrostis Purshii. The remaining plants of the valley flora are those which in a much greater variety both of genera and species occupy the drier sandy or gravelly portions of the valleys and the foothills, and are consequently subject to a greater extreme of heat and drought. Many of them are low or dwarfed annuals, often varying much in size and habit with the circumstances of their growth, usually starting with the rains of autumn, flowering in early spring, and hastening to a quick maturity. With the first heats of summer they are burned away and speedily vanish. Others are stouter and hardier, frequently becoming more or less woody, or are biennials or perennials springing from bulbs or from thick and usually deepseated roots or root-stocks, and in the partial protection afforded by the larger shrubbery are able to maintain their growth till later in the season. By the middle of July, however, the far greater number have wholly disappeared and only the more woody based perennials are left, except in favored localities. These comprise all the peculiarly ‘‘ desert” species of this portion of the Basin. Of the entire number (305) one-third (94) are so far as known strictly confined to the Basin, and on the whole southern, quite a large num- ber extending southward into the Mohave and Colorado deserts and half a dozen southeastward to New Mexico or even Western Texas. Another third (84,) the first section of division (6), range only westward, some to Southern California but nearly one-half (38) to Oregon or Washington Territory, though only a single one, Matricaria discoidea, is reported from farther north. Of the 106 which are found in the Rocky Mountain region, 63 belong also to the Pacific slope and as many more pass east of the range, though only six are arctic or subarctic. There are also here at least 20 Mexican species and 53 others that have been collected in Arizona. Of the 21 still more eastern species in division (c.) five are not found upon the Pacific side and six reach the arctic or subarctic portions of the continent. About half extend into Mexico or Arizona. As many as in the last group (51) are noted as ascend- ing above the foothills, but rarely to any great altitude. Only Artemisia tridentata, Gilia congesta, and one or two other species sometimes reach the summits of the higher ridges. (a.) Myosurus aristatus. S. Ranunculus Andersonii. Platyspermum scapigerum. Stanleya viridifiora. Caulanthus crassicaulis. pilosus. Lepidium dictyotum. flavum. S. nanum. Cleome sparsifolia. Calyptridium roseum. Sphzeralcea Emoryi. Mex. Lupinus brevicaulis. uncialis. Dalea polydenia. Astragalus Andersonii. malacus. arrectus. iodanthus. Beckwithii. eriocarpus. Utahensis. Mt. oophorus. nudus. Chameeleuce. S. Prunus Andersonii. CEnothera glabella. pterosperma. Andina. Mentzelia congesta. Echinocactus Whipplei. pubispinus. Cereus Engelmanni. S. Opuntia rutila. hystricina. pulchella. Brickellia linifolia. Helianthus Nuttallii. Chzenactis macrantha. carphoclinia. S. Burrielia nivea. Tetradymia Nuttallii. spinosa. S. Anisocoma acaulis. S. Stephanomeria pentachzta. Glyptopleura marginata. S. Phelipzea erianthera. Mex. Antirrhinum Kingii. Pentstemon Palmeri. S. Orthocarpus Tolmiei. pilosus. Cordylanthus capitatus. ramosus. Mt. laxiflorus. Mex. canescens. Kingii. Eritrichium Kingii. micranthum. S. Phacelia crenulata. curvipes. pusilla. Vv GENERAL REPORT. XXXUI1 Species of the Drier Valleys and Foothills. Phacelia Ivesiana. bicolor. gymnoclada. crassifolia. Emmenanthe glandulifera. glaberrima. S. Tricardia Watsoni. Gilia subnuda. S. Bigelovii. S. polycladon, leptomeria. micromeria. campanulata. Oryctes Nevadensis. Asclepias cryptoceras. Mirabilis Californica. Mt. S. Hermidium alipes. Obione confertifolia. Mex. Torreyi. truncata. Eriogonum nutans. Watsoni. pusillum. Oxytheca dendroidea. Watsoni. perfoliata. Chorizanthe brevicornu. S. rigida. S. Watsoni. Allium Nevadense. atrorubens. anceps. Eremochloe Kingii. (3.) Pzeonia Brownii. Eschscholtzia Californica. S. Arabis arcuata. Thelypodium brachycarpum. laciniatum. Capsella divaricata. S. Thysanocarpus elegans. S. Malvastrum Munroanum. Mex. Sida hederacea. Mex. Erodium cicutarium, S. Lupinus flexuosus. Mt. sericeus. Hosackia Heermanni. S. subpinnata. Astragalus lentiginosus. S. Purshii. (£nothera deltoides. S. viminea. scapoidea. S. Boothii. alyssoides. dentata. S. Carum Gairdneri. Ferula multifida. Mt. Plectritis congesta. S. Erigeron concinnum. M. Balsamorrhiza Hookeri. Helianthus exilis. Chzenactis Xantiana. S. Rigiopappus leptocladus. Blepharipappus scaber. Layia glandulosa. heterotricha. Hemizonia Durandi. Lagophylla ramosissima, Madaria elegans. Matricaria discoidea. Subarc. Artemisia triida. Mt. Psathyrotes annua. Tetradymia glabrata. Lygodesmia spinosa. Malacothrix Californica. obtusa. Macrorrhynchus heterophyllus. grandiflorus. Plantago Bigelovii. Pentstemon deustus. Eunanus Fremontii. Bigelovii. Orthocarpus hispidus. Salvia Columbarie. S. Audibertia incana. Mt. Amsinckia lycopsoides. Mex. Piptocalyx circumscissus. S. Eritrichium angustifolium. Mex. fulvum. leiocarpum. Mt. pterocaryum. S. Coldenia Nuttallii. S. Phacelia Menziesii. Mt. Conanthus aretioides. Emmenanthe penduliflora. parviflora. Nama demissa. Collomia leptalea. Gilia androsacea. micrantha. ciliata. Cuscuta Californica. Mt. Nicotiana Bigelovii. Mengea Californica. Eriogonum gracile. S. Heermannii. Plumatella. S. deflexum. S. inflatum, S. angulosum. S. Euphorbia ocellata. Ephedra antisyphilitica. Mt. S. Zigadenus paniculatus. Calochortus Nuttallii. Mt. Allium tribracteatum. Mt. Stipa occidentalis. Festuca microstachya. Argemone Mexicana. Mex. Lepidium Fremontii. S. R. alyssoides. S. R. Cleome aurea. R. Polanisia uniglandulosa. XXXIV Malvastrum coccineum- Mex. Astragalus Geyeri. R. speirocarpus. Mt. R. Nuttallianus. Mex. Kentrophyta. R. CEnothera triloba. Mt. Mex. Opuntia Missouriensis. Mt. fragilis. Mt. S. Peucedanum nudicaule. R. Cymopterus montanus. Townsendia strigosa. S. Diplopappus ericoides. Mex. R. Erigeron czespitosum. Solidago pumila. R. Artemisia spinescens. R. Senecio Fendleri. R. multilobatus. R. Lygodesmia juncea. ‘Troximon cuspidatum. Androsace occidentalis. Mex. Pentstemon czeruleus. Echinospermum Redowskii. Mt. S, Sub- Phacela integrifolia. Mex. {arc. Gilia pumila. Acerates decumbens. S. Oxybaphus angustifolius. Mex. Abronia fragrans. S. cycloptera, turbinata. R.S. Chenopodium Fremonti. hybridum. Eriogonumacaule. R. cernuum. S, Stipa spartea. Mt. comata. Mt. Aristida purpurea. S. Pleuraphis Jamesii. Delphinium Menziesii. Arc. R.S. Stanleya pinnatifida. S. Thelypodium integrifolium. R. Lepidium intermedium. Arc. Mountain Fuora or THE Basin. BOTANY. Cleome integrifolia. Lupinus pusillus. S. aridus. R,. Psoralea lanceolata. S. Ribes leptanthum. R. Qénothera marginata. Mt. R. albicaulis. Mex. Mentzelia albicaulis. Mex. R. leevicaulis. R. Peucedanum macrocarpum. Mt. Purshia tridentata. R.S. Gutierrezia Euthamiz. Mt. Mex. Linosyris graveolens. R.S. Mt. viscidiflora. R. Mt. Grindelia squarrosa. Mt. Arc. Chrysopsis villosa. Ambrosia psilostachya. Franseria Hookeriana. Hymenoclea monogyra. Mex. Balsamorrhiza sagittata. Mt. R. Helianthus lenticularis. S. Chzenactis stevioides. R. Mt. R.S. Antennaria dimorpha. R. Tetradymia canescens. Mt. R. Mex. R. Stephanomeria minor. S,. paniculata. R. Malacothrix sonchoides. Artemisia tridentata. Calais linearifolia. Crepis glauca. Macrorrhynchus glaucus. Arc. troximoides. Plantago Patagonica, var. Mex. Aphyllon fasciculatum. Mex. Collinsia parviflora. Mt. Pentstemon glaber. acuminatus. Mex. Mt. R. Mt. Phacelia tanacetifolia. Mt.S. Collomia gracilis. Mt. R.S. Gilia nudicaulis. R. Mimulus rubellus. Orthocarpus luteus. Mt. R. Gilia pungens. Mt. S. floccosa. Mt. R.S. filifolia. Mt. S. congesta. Mt. R. inconspicua. S. Cuscuta tenuiflora. S, Nicotiana attenuata. R.S. Obione canescens. S. Grayia polygaloides. Mt. R.S. Eurotia lanata. Are. S. Eriogonum sphzerocephalum. R. Mt. R. Corispermum hyssopifolium. ovalifolium. Wrightii. S. Euphorbia dictyosperma. Leucocrinum montanum. R. Eriocoma cuspidata. Mt. S. Poa tenuifolia. Mt. R. (c.) Myosurus minimus. Arabis retrofracta. Sisymbrium canescens. Mt. Mex. Arc. Arc, Rhus aromatica, var. Mt. Galium Aparine. Mex. Subarc. Ambrosia artemisizefolia. Xanthium strumarium, Chenopodium album. Mt. Arc. Amarantus retroflexus. - albus. Polygonum aviculare. Mt. Mex. Subarc. tenue. Mt. Celtis occidentalis. Mt. Festuca tenella. Hordeum jebatum. Cenchrus tribuloides. Arc. Anemone decapetala. Draba Caroliniana. Helianthus giganteus. Euphorbia glyptosperma. Vilfa cryptandra. Of the 393 species collected exclu- sively in the mountain ranges lying within the limits of the Basin, fifty-five are as yet not known from beyond those limits, but of these the greater part are new or recent discoveries. Of the 252 other western species, seventy- eight belong to the Pacific slope, chiefly between the Sacramento and Columbia Rivers, three being arctic and two subarctic, fifty-six extend to or beyond the Rocky Mountains, and 118 are found both east arctic and nineteen subarctic. of which sixteen are arctic and three subarctic, and west of the Basin, of which eleven are Of the whole number about forty (E.) cross the Rocky Mountains, mostly to the Saskatchewan, eight are Mexican, and about twice as many more have been collected in Arizonia. have been found in the mountains of New Mexico, A larger number Of the eighty-six eastern GENERAL REPORT. XXKV species, thirteen are not know on the Pacific side—of these five are arctic and three subarctic, and of the remainder forty-one are arctic and twelve sub- arctic. In determining the alpine or subalpine character of a species, exposure, Six species are Mexican. altitude, and season have all been taken into account. In the absence in many cases of any forest growth to indicate the limit of arborescent vegeta- tion and, independently of altitude or the protection of trees, the flora of any mountain locality being greatly influenced by a warm and sunny exposure or the opposite, the question has often been very much one of judgment, to be decided by no single arbitrary consideration. Species of doubtful rank as alpine, or evidently only approaching it, have been considered subalpine, and those that were also found at lower elevations than either term would imply are indicated by an asterisk. The number of alpine and subalpine species (114) equals that of the arctic and subarctic, but they are quite differently distributed, the large majority belonging to the second rather than the third division. (a.) Ranunculus digitatus. Sisymbrium junceuin. Viola Beckwithii. Lychnis nuda. Stellaria Kingii. Arenaria aculeata. Claytonia umbellata. Spraguea paniculata. Subalp. Lupinus meionanthus. Dalea Kingii. Astragalus diphysus. S. calycosus. Alp.* atratus. obscurus. Robbinsii, var. cyrtoides. filipes. porrectus. tegetarius. Cowania Mexicana. Ivesia Baileyi. Tellima tenella. S. Sedum debile. Subalp. (Cnothera heterantha. Opuntia sphzerocarpa, var. Cymopterus nivalis. Alp. Mex. glaucus. Selinum capitellatum. Peucedanum Nuttallii. millefolium. graveolens. Galium bifolium. Bloomeri. Subalp. Subalp. Vt. Mountain Species of the Basin. Brickellia microphylla. Aster Bloomeri. asperugineus. Subalp. pulchellus. Subalp. Townsendia scapigera. Diplopappus alpinus. Erigeron Bloomeri. Aplopappus acaulis. Laphamia Stansburii. Balsamorrhiza hirsuta. Helianthella multicaulis. Tanacetum canum. Calais macrocheta. S. Stephanomeria myrioclada. Pentstemon Kingii. Collomia tenella. Gilia Watsoni. Eriogonum Kingii. Alp.* Fritillaria atropurpurea. Calochortus eurycarpus. Carex frigida. Subalp. Eu. Poa (?) Kingii. (2.) Delphinium depauperatum. Cheiranthus Menziesii. Arabis platysperma. Draba Douglasii. nemorosa. Alp.* Val. Arc. Sisymbrium Californicum. Subalp.* Silene Douglasii. Claytonia perfoliata. Spraguea umbellata. Subarc. Lewisia rediviva. S. Ceanothus sorediatus. Lupinus laxiflorus. polyphyllus. argenteus. sulphureus. Trifolium microcephalum. Astragalus platytropis. Alp. Cercocarpus ledifolius. Potentilla glandulosa. Val. Saxifraga punctata. Arc. Crataegus rivularis. Heuchera cylindrica, var. Alp. Ribes bracteosum. Subarc. Epilobium obcordatum. Subalp. Clarkia rhomboidea. Gayophytum diffusum. Pimpinella apiodora. Myrrhis occidentalis. Cymopterus foeniculaceus. Angelica Breweri. Cornus pubescens. Galium multiflorum. Eupatorium occidentale. Brickellia oblongifolia. Aster Douglasii. Val. elegans. Erigeron Breweri. Subalp. Solidago Guiradonis. Aplopappus Bloomeri. nanus. suffruticosus. apargioides. paniculatus. Wyethia mollis. Bahia leucophylla. XXXVl Madia racemosa. Cirsium Coulteri. Calais nutans, Subalp.* Va.. Hieracium Scouleri. Heterocodon rariflorum. Ledum glandulosum. Subalp. Mimulus primuloides. moschatus. Monardella odoratissima. S. Lophanthus urticzefolius. Val, Subalp.* Lithospermum pilosum. Hydrophyllum capitatum. Phacelia humilis. Gilia pusilla, var. intertexta, Breweri. Asclepias fascicularis. S. Eriogonum heracleoides. Subalp.* Lobbii. elatum. vimineum. spergulinum. Polygonum polymorphum. Arc. Pinus monophylla. Sisyrinchium grandiflorum. Fritillaria pudica, Camassia esculenta. Allium validum, bisceptrum. Juncus triformis. Carex Liddoni. Melica powoides. stricta. Alp. Arc. Ranunculus glaberrimus. Thalictrum alpinum, nivalis, var. Subalp, Arc. Delphinium elatum, var. Alp. Vesicaria montana. Subalp. Draba stellata. Alp. Arc. Alp. Arc. Lab. Smelowskia calycina, Alp. Arc. Thiaspi alpestre. Alp.* Silene acaulis. Alp. Arc, Wh. Mts. Stellaria umbellata. Subalp. Subarc. E. Arenaria Fendleri. S. arctica, var. Alp. Arc. Geranium Richardsonii. E. Lupinus leucopsis. Astragalus hypoglottis. Arc. aboriginum. Alp.* Arc. E. Arabis canescens. muricella, Hookerianus. Subalp. junceus. Geum Rossii. Alp.* Arc. Potentilla pulcherrima. Saxifraga adscendens. Alp. Gayophytum ramosissimum. Val. Echinocactus Simpsoni. E, Cymopterus anisatus. Peucedanum villosum. Val. E. Hymenopappus'‘tenuifolius. E. ~ Actinellaacaulis. E. Richardsonii. Artemisia arbuscula. Val. E.S. Subalp. BOTANY. Arnica longifolia. Subalp. Senecio amplectens. Alp. Primula Parryi. Alp. Androsace septentrionalis, Alp.* Arc. E. Pentstemon cristatus. E. Mex. Val. Castilleia linearifolia. Limosella aquatica, Pedicularis Groenlandica, Subalp.* Arc. [{Lab. Mex. E. Mertensia oblongifolia. Sibirica. pantculata. Scutellaria resinosa. Alp.* Arc. E. Eritrichium glomeratum. Subalp.* Val, Phacelia sericea. [S. E. Gentiana Parryi. Swertia perennis. Alp.* Alp.* Subarc. Subalp. Arc. Alp. Arc. Lab. Abies Engelmanni. Alp.* Lloydia serotina. Alp. Arc. Allium acuminatum. Alp. Subarc. Alp. Salix glauca, var. reticulata. Carex affinis. leporina, Rossii. Poa Andina. Alp. Clematis ligusticifolia. E. Mex. Thalictrum Fendleri. Ranunculus macranthus. E. Caltha leptosepala. Alp.* Aconitum nasutum. Berberis Aquifolium. Barbarea vulgaris. Arc. E. Streptanthus cordatus. S. Cardamine cordifolia. Physaria didymocarpa. Draba alpina. Alp Erysimum asperum. Viola Nuttallii. Subalp.* E. Val. Subarc. Subarc. Arc. Alp.* Val. Sub- {arc. E. Silene Menziesii. Stellaria Jamesii. Arenaria pungens. Talinum pygmeum. Alp.* Claytonia Chamissonis. Subarc. Hypericum Scouleri. Mex. Sphzeralcea acerifolia. Pachystima Myrsinites. Ceanothus velutinus. Acer glabrum. Trifolium longipes. S. Astragalus multiflorus. Prunus demissa. Spiraea dumosa. czespitosa. Mex. Rubus Nutkanus. E. Cercocarpus parvifolius. Potentilla diversifolia. Alp.* Subarc. Pyrus sambucifolius. Subarc. Tellima parviflora, Mitella pentandra. Heuchera rubescens. parvifolia. Parnassia fimbriata. Ribes irriguum. cereum. Subalp.* E. S. Subarce. Subalp.* Subarce, Sedum stenopetalum. Epilobium paniculatum, Gayophytum racemosum. Subalp.4 Symphoricarpus montanus. Sambucus glauca. Lonicera involucrata. E. Subare. Brickellia grandiflora. Californica. Aster glacialis. Alp. salsuginosus. Alp.* Subarc. Machzeranthera canescens. Val. E. S. Erigeron compositum. Alp. Arc. Linosyris Howardii. Aplopappus Macronema, Alp. Wyethia amplexicaulis. Rudbeckia occidentahs. Heliomeris multiflora. S. Cheenactis Douglasii. Alp.* Val. S. Helenium Hoopesii. Artemisia discolor. Subarc. E. frigida. E,. Antennaria alpina. Alp. Arc. Lab. Arnica Chamissonis. Subarc. E. cordifolia. Subalp.* E. Senecio lugens, var. Subalp.* E. triangularis. Subarc. Andinus. Alp.* E. Val. Mex. E. canus. Cirsium undulatum, foliosum. Crepis occidentalis. acuminata. Val. Pentstemon Fremonti. humilis. confertus. E. Mimulus Lewisii. Subarc. luteus. Subarc. Veronicaalpina. Subalp.Gr. Wh. Mts. Castilleia parviflora. Subalp. S. Echinospermum deflexum. E. Hydrophyllum macrophyllum, var. Phacelia circinata. S. Phlox canescens. czespitosa. Alp.* Douglasii. longifolia. Val. Collomia grandiflora. S, linearis. Subarc. E. Gilia liniflora. Nuttallii. ageregata. S. E. Polemonium confertum. Alp, Frasera speciosa. Eriogonum czespitosum, umbellatum. Alp.* E. microthecum. Alp.‘ E. Oxyria digyna. Alp.* Arc. Wh. Mts. Rumex venosus. Val, E. Polygonum coarctatum. Subalp.* Arc. Bistorta. Subalp. Arc. Comandra pallida. Pinus ponderosa. Balfouriana. Alp.* flexilis. Alp.* Abies grandis, Juniperus occidentalis. Val. S. E. Luzulaspicata. Subalp. Arc. Wh. Mts. Juncus Parryi. Subalp. [Mex. Mertensianus. Subarc. Subarc. rigida. Subalp. Arc. atrata. Alp. Phleumalpinum. Subalp.* Arc. Wh. Mts. Subarc. S. Alp. Arc. E. Carex festiva. Agrostis exarata. Calamagrostis sylvatica. Stipa viridula. E. Bromus breviaristatus. Triticum strigosum. Elymus Sitanion. Alp.* E. (c.) Anemone multifida. Subalp. Arc. Ranunculusalismefolius, var. Sabalp. Aquilegia Canadensis, var. Arc. Actzea spicata, var. Corydalis aurea, var. Arabis hirsuta. Arc. perfoliata. Arc. Alp.* Wal. Arc. Drummondiz. Erysimum cheiranthoides. Viola canina. Subarc. Silene antirrhina. Cerastium nutans. Stellaria longipes. Arc. crassifolia. Arc. Linum perenne. Subalp.* Val. Arc. Geranium Carolinianum. Mex. Astragalus Canadensis. Vicia Americana. Val. Arc. Fora oF THE WAHSATCH AND UINTAS, AND OF GENERAL REPORT. Spirzea opulifolia. Geum triflorum. S. Subarc. Potentilla fruticosa. Subalp.* Val. Arc. procumbens. Alp, Subarc. Gr. Amelanchier Canadensis, var. S. Arc. Saxifraga nivalis. Subalp.* Arc. Ribes hirtellum. lacustre. Sedum Rhodiola. Epilobium alpinum. Alp. Arc. Alp.* Arc. Subalp.* Arc. tetragonum. Subarc. angustifolium. Arc. Heracleum lanatum. Subarc. Galium triflorum. S. Arc. Subarc. Alp.* Arc. boreale. Valeriana dioica. Solidago Virga-aurea. Achillea Millefolium. Artemisia biennis. Arc. (Mex. Antennaria dioica. Subalp.* Arc. Arnica angustifolia. AIC. mollis. Subalp.* Senecio aureus. Val. Arc. Vaccinium cespitosum. Alp. Subarc. Kalmia glauca, var. Alp. Arc. Pyrola rotundifolia. Arc. Mex. Scrophularia nodosa. Castilleta pallida. Brunella vulgaris. Val. S. Arc. Subarc. Polemonium czeruleum. Wal. Arc. Mex. Val. Apocynum androszmifolium. tfarum. Alp. Arc. Shepherdia Canadensis. Arc. Val. Subarc. Calystegia sepium. Polygonumt viz VE Alnus incana, var. Subalp.* Val. Arc. XXXVIll Populus tremuloides. S. Arc. balsamifera, var. Arc. Alp. Arc. Arc. Val. Arc. Arc. Spiranthes Romanzoffiana. Val. Subarc. Juniperus communis, var. Virginiana. Habenaria hyperborea. dilatata. Veratrum album. Arc. Smilacina racemosa, var. Val. S. Arc. stellata. Luzula spadicea. Scirpus microcarpus. Val. Carex lanuginosa. Subarc. scirpoidea, Alp. Arc. Agrostis canina. Keeleria cristata. Alp.* Arc. Arc. Alp. Subarc. Gr. Poa alpina. Bromus ciliatus. Triticum caninum. Trisetum subspicatum. Alp. Arc. Mex. Claytonia Caroliniana, var. Subalp. S. Hypericum mutilum. ? Oxytropis campestris. Alp. Arc. Prunus Virginiana. Arc. Rubus strigosus. Subalp.* Subarc. Potentilla Pennsylvanica, var. Arc. ? Solidago stricta. Antennaria Carpathica. Arc. Blitum capitatum. Subarc. Listera convallarioides. Subarc. Carex muricata. Eatonia obtusata. Festuca ovina. Alp.* Arc. Mex. THE WASHOE MounrTaAIns. The collection made in the Wahsatch and Uinta Mountains showed, as was to be expected, a much more extensive flora here than in the mountains of the Basin, adding 224 species, 47 genera and 6 orders to those previously collected. The total found was 618, against 393 in the western ranges, a very large majority of these latter being again gathered in the mountains of Utah. The steep slopes of the Wahsatch which face the western valley are bare of trees and dry, only partially covered toward the base with scattered thickets of a low form of Quercus alba. In the cations, however, which lead up many miles into the recesses of the range, there is usually, where not too rocky and precipitous, a free growth of most of the shrubs and plants already mentioned as common westward, with others which have either been very rare or wanting altogether. Among these are Cowania and Celtis, Cercocarpus parvifolius, Acer glabrum, Spirea opulifolia, Rosa fraxinifolia, Pachystima, and near the stream-banks Rhus aromatica and glabra, Acer grandidenta- tum, Negundo, Sambucus racemosa, Betula occidentalis, and in the very high XXXVIili BOTANY. The timber trees, which are found from the middle canons to an altitude of about 10,000 canons of the Uintas B. glandulosa and Vaccinium Myrtillus. feet, consist of Pinus flexilis and ponderosa, and the smaller contorta, with Abies Menziesti, Engelmanni and Douglasii, grandis and amabilis. Juniperus occidentalis is replaced by J. Virginiana. In some of the canons the cottonwood attains a large size, but the oak, which is frequent through the Wahsatch, and maple are rarely large enough to become of value. The valleys of Bear River and the Weber have a flora resembling that of the higher valleys of the Basin, with Artemisia, &c., but in the still higher parks the vegetation is principally herbaceous and very various. As shown by the subdivisions of the following list of the plants collected only in these mountains, thirty-two species are either new or not yet found elsewhere; twelve occur in the Pacific ranges, seventy in the Rocky Mountain region, and forty-two others in both mountain systems, only twenty of the whole extending eastward towards the Saskatchewan or Mississippi. Of these western species seventeen are arctic and twelve subarctic, to twenty- eight alpine and twenty-two subalpine. In division (c.) are forty-two species which are found on both the Pacific and Atlantic slopes, and twenty-six be- longing to the Atlantic side only: of these twenty-six are arctic and fifteen subarctic, to six alpine and seven subalpine. If, however, the entire collection from these mountains be taken into account, division (a.) will include 57 species, the three sections of division (4.) 61, 120 and 194 species re- spectively, and the sections of division (c.) 151 and 85 species. While the proportion of arctic and subarctic plants remains the same (but with a dispro- portionate increase among the more widely diffused species,) that of Mexico and southern species becomes one-half greater. The whole number of alpine species will be seventy-nine and of subalpine sixty-eight. Species collected only in the Wahsatch and Uintas. Castilleia flava. Val. (a:) Orogenia linearifolia. i Parrya macrocarpa. Alp. Arc. Cymopterus longipes. Gilia stenothyrsa. ; Caulanthus hastatus. Angelica pinnata. Mest Male Lychnis Ajanensis ? Alp. Sib. Peucedanum simplex. S. Gentiana heterosepala. Sagina nivalis ? Alp. Gr. Lewisia brachycalyx. S. Linum Kingii. Subalp.* Lupinus parviflorus. Trifolium Kingii. Andinum. gymnocarpon. Astragalus jejunus. Val. bicolor. Lonicera Utahensis. Aster Kingii. Erigeron ursinum. Subalp. stenophyllum. Subalp. Tanacetum diversifolium. Taraxacum phymatocarpum,. Alp. Gr. Synthyris pinniatifida, Polygonum minimum. Alp. Allium brevistylum. Carex elongata. Subalp. Subarc. vulgaris, var. Subalp.* Poa Eatoni. (6.) Saxifraga integrifolia. Zauschneria Californica, Mex. Osmorhiza nuda. Subarc. Arctostaphylos glauca. S. Pentstemon centranthifolius. S. heterophyllus. Nemophila parviflora. S. Salix phlebophylla. Alp. Arc. Brodiza multiflora. Carex Hoodii. laciniata. Danthonia Californica. Clematis Douglasii. alpina, var. Subalp. Thalictrum sparsiflorum. Subarc. E. Ranunculus affinis, var. Subalp.* Arc. orthorhynchus, var. Sub- Aquilegia flavescens. [alp. Draba aurea. Subalp. Arenaria congesta. Subalp.* Alp. Arc. Lab. Claytonia arctica, var. Alp. Arc. Sidalcea candida. Acer grandidentatum. Trifolium nanum. Alp. verna. dasyphyllum. Alp. Parryi. Astragalus campestris. simplicifolius. Subalp. Hedysarum Mackenzii. Arc. E. Lathyrus ornatus. E. Rubus leucodermis. Cercocarpus breviflorus. Potentilla nivea. Alp. Arc. Lab. Saxifraga flagellaris. Alp. Arc. czespitosa. Alp. Arc. Lab. rivularis. Alp. Arc. Lab. Mitella trifida. Jamesia Americana. Ribes viscosissimum. Sedum rhodanthum. (Enothera breviflora. coronopifolia. Val. S. E. Aster glaucus. Erigeron grandiflorum. macranthum. E. ochroleucum. Aplopappus Parryi. uniflorus. Val. E. Nuttallii. Val. E. Helianthella uniflora. S. Artemisia filifolia. S. E. scopulorum. Alp. Senecio eremophilus. Subarc. E. Fremontii. Alp.* Cirsium eriocephalum. Alp.* Campanula uniflora. Alp. Arc. Vaccinium Myrtillus. Subarc. Pentstemon cyananthus. czespitosus. Wal. glaucus. Subalp.* Pedicularis bracteosa. E. Lithospermum longiflorum. Mex. E. Mertensia brevistyla. Eritrichium villosum, var. Gilia Gunnisoni. Alp. GENERAL REPORT. Gilia minima. Gentiana frigida, var. Alp. Paronychia pulvinata. Alp. Eriogonum corymbosum. brevicaule. racemosum. Val. Rumex paucifolius. Euphorbia montana. Mex. Salix arctica. Alp. Arc. Lab. Calochortus Gunnisoni. Allium reticulatum. Val. E. Carex Pyrenaica. Alp. Subarc. E. Subalp. saxatilis, var. Subalp. Gr. concinna. Subalp. Arc. Alp. Arc. E. limula. Poa czsia. Aquilegia czerulea. Viola palustris. Lab. White Mts. Lychnis Drummondi. S. E. Arenaria formosa. Arc. S. Sagina Linnzi. Arc. Ptelea angustifolia. S. Lupinus leucophyllus. aridus. Val. Lathyrus polyphyllus. Alp.* Val. Ivesia Gordoni. Rosa fraxinifolia. Ligusticum apiifolium. Archangelica Gmelini. Alp. Arc. Mass. Erigeron acre. Subalp.* E. Balsamorrhiza macrophylla. Amida hirsuta. E.S. Arnica latifolia. Subalp. Subarc. Senecio tilifolius. Val. E. Hieracium albiflorum. triste. Subalp.* Subarc. Gaultheria Myrsinites. Subarc. Pedicularis racemosa. Subalp.* Verbena bracteoca. E. Betula occidentalis. Pinus contorta, var. Subarc. Abies Menziesii. Subarc. amabilis. Douglasii. S. Habenaria foetida. Zigadenus Fremontii. Val. Prosartes trachycarpa. Erythronium grandiflorum. Milla grandiflora. Juncus Drummondii. Subalp. Subarc. Carex nigricans. Alp. Subarc. Bonplandii, var. Subalp. lagopina. Subalp. Gr. Haydeniana. Raynoldsii. Alp. E. Geyeri. Glyceria pauciflora. Catabrosa aquatica. Gr. E. (e.) Clematis verticillaris. Ranunculus Flammula, var. Arc. Nuphar advena. Subalp. Subarc- Viola Canadensis. XXXIX Cerastium arvense. Arc. Negundo aceroides. Rhus glabra. Rhus Toxicodendron. Lathyrus palustris. Mex. AIc. Virginiana, var. Potentilla Norvegica. Subarc. Ribes prostratum. Subarc. Stellaria borealis. Fragaria vesca. Circzea alpina, var. Subarc. Linnzea borealis. Arc. Sambucus racemosa, var. Subarc. Galium trifidum. Arc. Antennaria margaritacea. Subarc. Campanula rotundifolia. Alp.* Arc. Specularia perfoliata. Vaccinium myrtilloides. Subarc. Pyrola chlorantha, Arc. secunda. Arc. Moneses uniflora. Subarc. Chimaphila umbellata. Mex. Pterospora Andromedea. Lysimachia ciliata. Wal. Aphyllon uniflorum. Veronica serpyllifolia. Lycopus sinuatus. Subalp, Subarc. [Mex. Subarc. Subalp.* Arc. Scutellaria galericulata. Betula glandulosa. Zannichellia palustris. Corallorhiza multiflora. Streptopus amplexifolius. Luzula campestris. Arc. Suncus filiformis. Arc? Alp. Arc. Mex. Subalp. Arc. Mex. Subarc. Carex straminea. Buxbaumii. Poa serotina, Arc. Hierochloa borealis. Arc. Ranunculus multifidus. Val. Arc. Trollius laxus. Subalp. Alp. Arc. Cerastium vulgatum, var. Alp. Arc. Subarc. Lychnis apetala. Arenaria lateriflora. Fleerkia proserpinacoides. Alp. Arc. Arc. Dryas octopetala, Callitriche autummnalis. Thaspium trifoliatum. Alp. Arc. Vaccinium uliginosum. Arc. Dracocephalum parvifiorum. S. Subarc. Taraxacum palustre. Physalis pubescens. Polygonum lapathifolium, var. Eleagnus argentea, Wal. Subarc. Humulus Lupulus. Quercus alba, var. Sparganium minimum. Subalp.* Arc. Potamogeton rufescens. Arc. pusillus, var. Tradescantia Virginica. Arc. Arc. Magellanica. Subalp. Subarc. Carex tenella. vitilis. capillaris. Poa flexuosa. ? xl BOTANY. There was little opportunity for investigating the flora of that portion of the Sierras which lies in Western Nevada, but sufficient was seen to show that it differs widely from that of the mountain ranges of the Basin. The heavily timbered mountain sides, the well-watered canons, the picturesque shores of Lake Tahoe and the snowy crown of Washoe Peak yet remain a rich and inviting field for the botanical collector. The species of the following list are mostly of Dr. C. L. Anderson’s collection from “ near Carson City,” and are referred to these mountains as their probable habitat. All are con- fined to California or Oregon, excepting Pentstemon Menziesii, which extends to the Rocky Mountains of British America. ragaria vesca and Arcto- staphylos glauca should be added, also found in the Uintas but not in the intervening territory. Species collected in the Washoe Mountains. Ceanothus divaricatus, var. Horkelia parviflora. Cordylanthus tenuis, prostratus. Ribes sanguineum, var. Polemonium micranthum. Lupinus calcaratus. Lonicera conjugialis. Solanum umbelliferum. Andersoni. Aster Andersonii. Castanopsis chrysophylla. Torreyi. Artemisia potentilloides. Libocedrus decurrens. Breweri. Pentstemon Menziesii. R. Lilium parvum. Trifolium Andersonii. breviflorus. Milla hyacinthina. Prunus emarginata. gracilentus. Juncus chlorocephalus. SourHerN Frora or Nevapa anp Uran. The region lying south of that embraced in the survey becomes gradually more dry and desert and the vegetation approaches more and more to that of Arizona and southeastern California. Little, however, is actually known of the flora, and no more promising field lies open to the botanist than this. The collections that have been made by Dr. Edward Palmer in Southern Utah and the few other species that could be found reported as growing within the limits of Nevada and Utah are embraced in the Catalogue and given without attempt at classifica- tion in the following list. Some, like the Larrea, are widely diffused and abundant desert species; others are rare and confined to the mountains. The Anemopsis appears to be the only saline aquatic among them. Species reported from Southern Nevada and Utah. Berberis Fremontii. Krameria parvifolia. Sphzeralcea incana, var. Larrea Mexicana. Thamnosma montana. Mex. Ceanothus Greggii. Mex. Trifolium subcaulescens. Hosackia argophylla. puberula. Mex. Dalea lanata. Fremontii. Johnsoni. Astragalus Preussil. Robinia Neo-Mexicana. Prosopis pubescens. Prunus minutiflora. Petalonyx Thurberi. Mex. Mentzelia multiflora. Mamillaria Grahami. phellosperma. vivipara, var. Echinocactus polyancistrus. Johnsoni. polycephalus. Opuntia basilaris. Garrya ? Brickellia atractyloides. Palafoxia linearis. Aplopappus sphzerocephalus. spinulosus, var. Mex. Tessaria borealis. Franseria dumosa. Simsia canescens. Tithonia argophylla. Gaillardia pinnatifida. Mex. Hymenopappus luteus. GENERAL REPORT. Coldenia hispidissima. Phacelia Palmeri. rotundifolia. Fremontii. Gilia setosissima. Schottii. Lycium pallidum. Datura Meteloides. Mex. Frasera albomarginata. Obione hymenelytra. Alternanthera lanuginosa. Mex. Eriogonum fasciculatum. trichopodum. Anemopsis Californica. Mex. Euphorbia polygonifolia. Croton procumbens. Mex. Yucca baccata. brevifolia. xli angustifolia. Agave Utahensis. Baileya pleniradiata. Mex. Fraxinus anomala. Arctostaphylos pungens. ? Salazaria Mexicana. Mex. viridis. Abronia umbellata. Iyrropucep Puants. The following list includes all the plants of the collection that could be considered as introduced. ‘The first eight seemed to make themselves perfectly at home among the sage-brush, but there are forms of Chenopodium album which are undoubtedly indigenous. The rest were found only near old fields or fences or in actual cultivation, excepting the last four, which were collected on stream-banks in cations near roads traveled only by the teams of woodmen. Their introduction is perhaps questionable. Introduced Species. Melilotus alba. parviflora. Polygonum Convolvulus. Phleum pratense. Brassica nigra. campestris. Capsella Bursa-pastoris. Peucedanum sativum. Eragrostis pozxoides. Coriandrum sativum. Verbascum Thapsus. Satureia hortensis. Nepeta Cataria. Verbena hastata. Solanum nigrum. Saponaria Vaccaria. Hordeum Himalayense. Maruta Cotula. Marrubium vulgare. Chenopodium album. Botrys. Avena fatua. sativa. Taraxacum Dens-leonis. Nasturtium officinale. Datura Stramonium. Polypogon Monspeliensis. Portulaca oleracea. Medicago sativa. Poa annua. Setaria viridis. Amarantus paniculatus. Polygonum Persicaria. Résumé ‘or THE DistRipuTiIoN AND Rance oF GENERA AND SPECIES. The plants of the collection have been grouped in the preceeding lists accord- ing to the localities in which they were actually found. The few other re- ported species also included are placed, when the character of the habitat was not actually known, where they would be most likely to fall. As regards the range of the species, by which the lists are subdivided, no more than approxi- mate correctness is in many cases possible. In the Catalogue the range of each species within the United States and British America is given as accur- ately as it could be learned by reference to published works and an examin- ation of the collections at hand. But the recorded localities, of the older collectors especially, are frequently more or less indefinite, many species are little known or have been collected only from widely separated localities, and hence an arrangement that should propose to give more than a very Vi xlii BOTANY. r general outlining of the range is out of the question. However, it is rather as an experiment that any discussion of the matter has been attempted, with the hope of arriving not at any positive conclusions but possibly at indications of the results that may be looked for from a more thorough and extended consideration of fuller and more reliable data. The total number of indigenous phenogamous species enumerated in the Catalogue as growing in Nevada or Utah is 1235, representing 439 genera and 84 orders. Of these, 3 orders, 14 genera and 62 species have been found only in the more southern portion of the territory, and 6 orders, 49 genera, and 248 species only in the Washoe, Wahsatch, or Uinta Mountains, leaving 75 orders, 376 genera and 945 species for the known flora of this portion of the Basin proper. The alkaline group, comprising 19 orders, 37 genera, and 49 species, is predominantly Chenopodiaceous and Gramineous, the first named order giving one-fourth of both genera and species, and with the Graminee, Composite, and Cruciferae, including more than half of each. It is also decidedly western and is more strictly confined to the Basin than any other group, only two- fifths of the species occurring upon the Pacific slope and one-fourth upon the Atlantic. This is noteworthy in connection with the fact that large areas of the Basin were at a comparatively recent geological period occupied by fresh- water lakes. More of the species tend southward than beyond the British boundary. The aquatic and meadow group embraces 170 species, representing 100 “genera and 42 orders. The only very prominent orders are the Composite, Gramineae, and Cyperacea, which include one-third of the genera and two- fifths of the species. The Scrophulariacee, Leguminose, and Rosacee make up more than half of the species and 45 per cent. of the genera. The species are very widely diffused in all directions, more than one-third being arctic or subarctic, three-fifths reaching the Atlantic and four-fifths the Pacific side of the continent, while one-fourth are decidedly southern.’ Half of the com- posite species are asteroid, the remaining species and two-thirds of the genera being equally senecioid and ligulate. The next group of plants, representing the desert flora, includes 38 ! By an oversight a number of species, well known as extending into Mexico, failed to be so noted in the list. Such in division (c.) are the species of Cardamine, Potentilla, Gentiana, Ceratophyllum, Sisy- rinchium, Eleocharis, Phragmites, Triticum, Ranunculus aquatilis, Juncus Balticus and bufonius, and Scirpus validus. Carex disticha should also be inserted before C. stipata. : GENERAL REPORT. xliii orders, 134 genera and 305 species. By far the largest order is the Com- posite, to which belong 28 per cent. of the genera and one-fifth of the species, somewhat more than half, both of genera and species, being senecioid and one-fourth ligulate. The Cruciferae, Graminee, and Scrophulariacee follow in the number of their genera, making more than half of the whole, but the numerous Astragali and Eriogonee place the Leguminose and Polygonacee in advance in respect of species, which orders with the Cruci- Sere and Scrophulariacee form one-half.. The Polemoniacee, Hydrophyllacee, Onagracee, Chenopodiaceae and Borraginacee are also large orders with from three to six per cent. of species. This group is decidedly western and southern, less than five per cent. appearing on the Atlantic slope, while 55 per cent. are on the Pacific side and nearly one-third extend to Arizona or beyond. | In the mountain flora of the Basin there are 51 orders, 191 genera and 393 species. The composites, though less predominent than in the last group, have yet more than 18 per cent. of the species and over 17 per cent. of the genera, half of which genera and nearly half the species are senecioid, 27 per cent. of the genera and 35 per cent. of the species being asteroid. The proportion of the other orders has changed largely, the relative increase being greatest in the Rosacea, Caryophyllacee, and Sazifragacee, and some- what less in the Laliacee, Ericacea, Conifere, ad Umbellitere, with but little increase or even a diminution of numbers in the other more prominent orders. Seven orders have now to be joined with the Composite to form half of the genera and species, viz: Leguminosae, Cruciferae, Rosacea, G'raminee, Scrophu- lariacee, Polemoniacee and Ranunculacee—the last equaled in species by the Caryophyllacea, Saxifragacee and Polygonacee. The tendency of the range is, as was to be expected, toward the north and northwest. The number of Pacific species is nearly 70 per cent., to 22 per cent. upon the Atlantic side; only 9 per cent. are known as southern, but nearly 30 per cent. are arctic or subarctic, and as large a proportion alpine or subalpine. If the species found in the Wahsatch and Uintas be included the results are somewhat changed; the proportion of Composite is reduced to one-sixth of the species and one-seventh of the genera, and the Leguminose are followed in number of species by the Cyperacee, Rosacece, Gramineae, Caryophyllacex, Ranunculacee and Scrophulariacee. The proportion of xliv BOTANY. Atlantic species increases to one-fourth and that of the Pacific diminishes to three-fifths. Looking at the Basin flora as a whole it appears to a considerable degree a distinct one. Though the position of the territory would rather indicate as probable an intermingling of the surrounding floras, of the Cali- fornian with that of the Rocky Mountains, and of the extreme northern, descending along the mountain ranges, with that of the deserts of Arizona spreading northward in the valleys—as indeed is largely the case—yet it has a marked character of its own. This consists partly in the absence of many of the peculiarities of the surrounding floras. A very large portion of Pacific species, not only arborescent but shrubby and herbaceous, stop abruptly upon the eastern slope of the Sierras and do not reappear eastward. For this reason the California district should be considered as limited on the east by that range, the whole southeastern portion of the State and a smaller section in the northeastern part belonging geographically and botanically to the Colorado Desert and to the Basin respectively. A like line of demarcation is shown on the eastern side at the base of the Wahsatch by the immediate accession of new orders and species characteristic of the eastern flora. Again many of the forms prevalent farther south are wanting or appear only on the borders of Nevada and Utah, as most of the Cactacee and of the Daleas and other large leguminous genera and eyen suborders, characteristic Rutaceous and Zy gophyllaceous species, the Cucurbitacee and Loranthacece, Salvia, and the larger portion of the Solanacee, Euphorbiacee and Nyctaginacee. The mingling with northern species is necessarily more intimate, yet with a more exact knowledge of the habitats of “‘ Oregon” species a well marked limit of the Basin flora could probably also be drawn in that direction. But aside from these deficiencies, the general preponderence of senecioid composites, of which the Artemisia tridentata may he considered the prevailing represen- tative, and the so marked number of chenopodiaceous genera and species, many of which do not extend greatly beyond the limits of the Basin, make the flora a singular one and warrant designating the district as one of Artemisias and Chenopods. The abundance of species of Astragalus, Eriogonum and the allied genera, G!nothera, Pentstemon, and Phacelia, is also in a more or less degree distinctive. The following table shows the distribution of the genera and species arranged by orders: GENERAL REPORT. xlv Not found in the Basin. of Basin Species. Basin. Wallsateh a Southern. fs 8 and Uintas.| ~""**" ; ORDERS. 2 3) 5 iF co) : e o fot SW Ga We eh Pa Na hi Vic ee eee ee ee een eee ow les. ira iad ilo i 2S Seca ceteemimonieeai se | 2 (8 |e ia | a | | 8 a G o na ic) an 1G) D 1a) a. < < A P= RANUNCUIA CEE. io. 26s oioie « rieleieiele = 12 Berberidez... 1 Niympheacee son... css. nc eens 1 Papaveracece....ccsesecencen eee 3 GUICKe Te oes cnc sise 21 Capparideze 3 WA OIE CoC ofeiate elete’s als, slslajeie\sieleleietsi«|= 1 Polygalacez ....... uodosunoacans 1 Caryophyllacez. 7 POY ACaCeaei a. /esia(ele\-!etepsinieleieisis.<)= 5 Ip rises aopondaobuscdnospeaeoods 2 Tay ait le: (ee ee Sen ERE ea gonD u Malvacez... poadlle 3 MEAYNUC CO stetaratetrisiesersiaisletelere rielerve\ei-rels 1 Zygophyllacez.........cecsseene I al Geraniacez.. 3 Ine eee obo ocduoceeonapacoceobes 2 Gelastrineserce nie vec cee seeeects “i IR GrNEE op pm ooanpninbor donna bende 1 Sth NGEeRZ Sap ecenccuonoroDooddoD 2 AmaCardiaceze'’: wise. ceieecnee« seme 1 Wee PuMINOSee «cj cee reece one ans 14 Rosacez .. 16 Saxifrageze 7 Crassila cee crnissceccictcisresbetetcieers 2 2 Halorageze 3 Lythracez. 1 Onagracez 5 HOASA CER atcteleleie es cieheisis tele ciels eieleiels 1 Cactacez.. 4 PIC Od Glee reetsermistsr cieteisielsiefeisteisie’s t Wrnbelliferces eces nec. coke ect 16 i GOrTIAC IE ala cias oe eiai esas eevee | 2 1 Caprifoliacez .. 4 3 TRALD IS COGS oe sacsieraln/araa\sisle(a'ese\e\slere svete 1 i Walerianaceze a.ecmce anccsiiser i 2 2 Compositz.......... 69 62 Eupatoriaceze ........2.06+ 3 2 Asteroideze i Senecionideze 34 Cynareze.... Liguliflorae 186) YEE Vigeanopacapasearassdad | Campanulacez . . Dinter ooaasgonons Anosnaosas004 Plamfagina Cee sass cteialeralsiereeiees sie Primulaceze ... Wentibulaceecasi--letarieltatcets Orobanchacede cessed rice ictasiele ects NELOPHUlArigGese va ly] 8 iz 5 | o\s 3 | a ie & | = ra) H |< |< | a QA faa) }|— | a = | | | A.m.| \him. | oF, | oF oF, Young leaves..... | 6.62 | 12.45 p. m. | 4 50] 55 | 24 oo] 5 | Ioop. Mm. | 81.6 | 21.3 | 156.0 || | | LEDS feet = 2.21 | 12.45 p. mM. | 4 50 | 44 | 24 00/ 12 || 200 p.m 81.2 | 22.5 150.2 | Older leaves...... 20.24 | 1.15 p. mM. | 4 35 | 35 | 24 00) 18 300 p. M. | 79.5 | 22.5 | 140.0 SteMS: 2... | 5.44] 1.05 p. mM: | 4 35 | 23 | 24 00} 15 400 p. M. | 79.5 | 23.1 | 162.0 Stems and leaves..|| 50.84 | 1.30 p. m. | 4 45 34 24 00 16 500 p. m. | 77.4 | 22.2 | 148.0 Flowering stems. .| 19.33 | I-45 Pp. M..| 4 30 | 30} 24 00) 15 || Goo p.m. | 73-3 | 19-7 |------s | | | | | | = | 2. TETRADYMIA CANESCENS. Fly 22, 1868. = | | (eRraneheeerecsincie 26.29 | 9.15 a. Mm. | 3 45 | 30] 5 45| 12 goo a. m. | 74.3 | 14.0} 154.8 | BranGheerrettestaicies « | 13-8 | 3-45 p.m. 2} 20) || BRA ogo ae! Bano 10 00 a. m. | 80.1 | 20.8 | 156.2 |) Older plant. | | Bravichnereeiearetstste.s | 15.46 3-45 p.m. | 3) 15] 25 |--ecelsene 12 00 m 83.7 | 26.9 | 155-0 | Branches || repped) |) Siac Oe ee ewe eS) Beppe eobe 400 p. M. | 80.9 | 25.5 | 155-0 | More pubescent va- | | riety. | Branch ..........- | eee) ||| Spi ivo ly |} Gh pessplleacgod aaoo GlooPe Men le7sasy|pl3 Ohl ecintartrs | : an es |e Z 3, 4. LINOSYRIS VISCIDIFLORA AND GRAVEOLENS. July 23. 1868. Branch emriccsics = 16.48 | | Vie siecidintore: Branches tet ciee si iP eee} ) | (eV), oneogsanced 30.19 | || L. graveolens. | | | Leafy stems....... | 19.23 || In shade. | | | Me meel neenien oe) | ela Sunt | | | | | | . =| 5. Prunus pemissa. Same day. | | | Branch ryeteteteletcrel-te | Sey Ril) Clee peena eye Rll lGopoor cee | Pocesccoesbend sooodd pdodguc preasaat | | Branches ee sicietoe 5-12] 4.15 p. M. | 031] g}....-.|-..- Joces eee e eee eeeleeeeeelene ees [rete TEEAMES focjneles Sore | 34.77] 4-20p. m.|024| 4|......|-.2- Ve tardislate/e cfateleteie| stelesetele | rreie ated |e tctavatets \| | | | | -- 6. OBIONE CONFERTIFOLIA. Seft. 27 and Oct. 5, 1868. IBEAVES ieee inesicicisirs | : .oo m. m. | 8. ZI |atoisisieletsls m fell Deca 5 2 Laas ' Sept. 27, sky clouded. Stems..... | 9-22 | 12.00 m. 2 0) P=) Mr || 8004y}|)'2526)||<12 siciasinie S Leaves and fruit... | 70.22] 9.3048. m./5 Be) Ep bly Ih Syfor/)| scr fll boooonan Wont Stems | 14.8r | 9.30 a. m. | 5 30) PeoMNe: | 7550) b 1525) few ciete sive s > I | * The thermometrical record for this date is given in full in the table on page xxii. It must be confessed that these experiments were conducted with too little method and are too incomplete to be fully satisfactory. The amount of loss as here shown is doubtless greater than it would have been from the same leaves and stems when attached to the plant, yet making a probably full allowance for this source of error it appears that the ordinary drain upon the juices of these plants must be large. Comparing the recorded amounts of water evaporated from an open vessel during the same hours with that hi BOTANY. for the whole 24 hours and making it the basis of a calculation of the daily loss of the plant, the first mentioned specimen of Artemisia appears to have exhaled 9 ounces of water daily, or an amount equal to three-eighths of its weight. Even in the last trials later in the season, when leaves and stems had probably their fullest dryness and hardness, with one of the most waxy and scurfy of the Obiones, and moreover under atmospheric conditions more favorable for the plant, the loss was at least half as great. Notwithstanding therefore the apparent want of moisture in the soil, it must be the reservoir from which vegetation draws its entire supply. The loose character of the deposits which fill the valleys and form the foothills not only allows a ready passage for the roots to any necessary depth but especially, through the force of capillary attraction, compels the retention or absorption from beneath of a sufficient amount of water for the tem- porary extraordinary needs of these perennial species. And this natural resource of the vegetation must be taken into account as greatly favoring the possibility of the successful introduction of orchard, vineyard or other tree- culture in these at present desert territories. Conctusion. The present condition of the Botany of our western flora is such as to render a satisfactory determination of the species of any col- lection a matter of some difficulty. The descriptions of many of the genera and species are scattered, without clue to guide in the search for them, through numerous volumes of government reports and periodical publications of this country and of Europe, not always readily accessible. The synonomy is somewhat confused, and in the case of various genera revisions are much needed, with a collation of all the existing materials, a work which is going on under the hands of Dr. Gray, Dr. ENGELMANN and others. In the examination of the present collection use has been made almost exclusively of the herbariums of Dr. Gray, Dr. Torrey and Prof. Eaton, which are the richest in original and authenticated specimens of western species and to which, with their accompanying libraries, free access was most gener- ously given with every facility for study and comparison. So far as the work has been performed by others the names carry their own sufficient authority. As for the rest it can only be claimed that care and effort have not been spared to secure correctness. The trouble experienced in making available the authorities upon western species gradually suggested the extension of the Catalogue beyond the usual GENERAL REPORT, hii limits of such papers, including in it descriptions generic and specific when- ever they are not to be found in the popular manuals of the eastern floras. The method pursued is that which seemed simplest and best adapted to the end in view, and scarcely needs elucidation. To this have been added in the Appendix concise synopses of most of the more recently revised genera, thus bringing together a considerable amount of material that may be found of use by those who have not ready access to the fuller original papers. Among these synopses are revisions of a few genera, (Orthocarpus, Abronia and Adlium,) which were prepared in connection with the present work. The collection, comprising about 19,000 specimens available for study, but not all ranking as herbarium specimens, is distributed into sets, of which the most complete belongs to the Herbarium of the Agricultural Department at Washington. The second is due to Prof. Eaton at Yale Col- lege, and the remaining sets will be donated to such herbariums as may be designated. There now remains but the pleasant duty of grateful acknowledgment of favors and assistance received during the course of the work. Especially to Prof. Danten C. Eaton is the fullest expression of thanks due for all the facilities afforded by his well-appointed herbarium-room, placed at my com- mand from the outset of the work, for the constant use of his library and the procurement of needed books of reference, and for assistance of every kind rendered in innumerable instances, always most kindly and generously. By him also the Composite of the collection, comprising of one-seventh of the whole, were carefully determined and the resulting paper forms one of the most valuable portions of the Catalogue. Assistance in various portions of the work has likewise been received from Dr. Gray and Dr. Torrey, in addition to the free use of their herbariums whenever desired. Dr. Georais ENGEL- MANN, also, of St. Louis, has made ready response to every application for information and aid, and the articles of Col. Otnny on the Carices, of Mr. James on the Mosses, of Dr. Ropsrys on Potamogeton, and of Prof. Tuckrr- MAN on the Lichens, all prompt and thorough in whatever they have under- taken, show that the most that was possible has been made by them of the material that was furnished. SERENO WATSON. Aucust 26, 1871. vili NORTHERN NEVADA AND NORT WEST ERN UTAE: MAP OF ROUTES . h roma > Camp M® Garry oe Lm = | wx Ke fig eat, ee ‘pa — ef re On eS ae rar Te iS} Sau we NEI fa beh £ | | | | | | R a Pilot Rode PYy A pas Vall i 5 a a te ninPoldt I, Carson Sink ‘im = bs GN “reyund jw oP Ayouary % Nae} By, ee Oe bi Wriicinucta IDO SS \ YS Oa Camp MS Kee ~ F! Churchill CATALOGUE OF THE KNOWN PLANTS OF NEVADA AND UTAH, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF SUCH OF THE PHZNOGAMOUS GENERA AND SPECIES AS DO NOT OCCUR EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. sabe C ACMA CHAN rote acre Beystee o o:c = arSkcrerecass.stie «oC By Dr. GEORGE ENGELMANN, PRETEEN © ONPOSWD A eee tpeaic(aeks oe ais ears a oa) aceite By PrRoF. DANIEL C. EATON. THE POLEMONIACE® AND ERIOGONEZ.............-....---- By Dr. ASA GRAY. JUEGOS SRL ONID Ye OY: 0) een oe es ROCIO te eae Cie See By Dr. J. W. ROBBINS. piers CAR CES Saye ete a tere ap sc Mare eiolere cites ort) sisvcteets ae 5 By STEPHEN T. OLNEY, Esa. TOMS eee neee eae sree ecko e cee EPROM, DANTE O§ BATON: PFU VEO SO Der tsteio a0 ate ste ws) o ats fanses iets oslo sos seats Sacto s By THomas P. JAMES, Esq. AILEVH UE CEEESNIESSS. otapota o/s Sve; cis arts Sra che estes Weems scl ds By PrRoF, EDWARD TUCKERMAN, CATALOGUE, &c. RANUNCULACE. Ciematis Doveiasu, Hook." Stem herbaceous, erect, 1-2° high, simple, 1-flowered; leaves 2—3-pinnatifid, (or the lower ones more simple,) the segments linear or linear-lanceolate, both stem and leaves more or less hairy ; flower nodding, the naked peduncle erect and elongated in fruit ; sepals thick, woolly at the apex, more or less spreading, deep brownish- purple, paler externally—The specimens resemble those from Oregon de- scribed by Nuttall under the name of C. Wyethii, differing from the form figured by Hooker and of the eastern Rocky Mountain collections only in the broader divisions of the leaves. In the mountains from Washington Territory to Colorado. Found in the Wahsatch and Uintas, Utah, at an altitude of 6-7,000 feet ; July, in flower and fruit. (1.)? CLEMATIS LIGUSTICIFOLIA, Nutt. Climbing, somewhat pubescent; flowers white, dicecious, in paniculate corymbs; leayes pinnate and ternate, (mostly 5-foliolate,) the coriaceous leaflets usually oblong, lanceolate, more or less laciniately toothed and trifid; petals and stamens equal. Var. BREVIFOLIA, T. & G. With nearly smooth broadly ovate subcordate 3-lobed leaflets—On the banks of mountain streams from Washington Territory to the Saskatche- wan, and southward to Lower California and New Mexico. Frequent in the lower cations of the West Humboldt Mountains and found in a single locality in the East Humboldt range, Nevada—the broad-leaved variety only; altitude, 5-6,000 feet; August-October. An approach to the typical form was also found at City of Rocks, in Southeastern Idaho. (2.) CiemaTis ALPINA, Mill. DC. Prodr.1.10. Leaves bi-ternately divided ; segments ovate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, frequently 3-lobed, irregularly 1A large portion of the described species up to the end of the Composite are to be found in Torrey and Gray’s Flora of North America, and a general reference to that work for the synonynzy, &c., is to be understood. In case of other species not occurring in the Flora, express reference is usually made simply to De Candolle’s Prodromus ; or to still later revisions, or for more recent species, to the publications in which they are described. * Figures in parentheses, at the close of a paragraph, indicate the number under which the speci- mens of the collection are distributed. 4 BOTANY. toothed. Var. Ocnorensis, with linear antheriferous petals —A_ trailing woody-stemmed plant, 6’ high, glabrous but for a few scattered silky hairs. C. alpina and Sibirica, Mill., and Ochotensis, Poir., differ only in the degree of development of the petals. Rocky Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico. In Utah it was seen only in the Wahsatch Mountains, (Cottonwood Cafion,) at an altitude of 8—9,000 feet; July, in flower and fruit. (3.) CLEMATIS VERTICILLARIS, DC. On wooded mountain sides; a low climber. From North Carolina to Maine, along the great lakes, northward to latitude 54°, and west to the Rocky Mountains and Washington Territory ; also found in Northern California. Not rare in the Wahsatch and Uinta Mountains, Utah, at an altitude of 7-9,000 feet ; in flower and fruit, July to August. The specimens accord with the description of C. Columbiana, T. & G., having rather small, more narrowly sepaled flowers, but it scarcely de- serves to rank as a distinct variety. (4.) THALICTRUM ALPINUM, L. Stem simple, nearly naked ; leaves 2—3-ternate ; leaflets roundish, somewhat lobed, crenately toothed; flowers perfect, in a simple raceme, nodding; filaments filiform; anthers oblong-linear; carpels few, ovate, sessile; stigmas thick and pubescent—Low, stems 2-8’ high, much exceeding the mostly radical leaves; slightly pubescent. Islands of the Gulf of St. Lawrence; Greenland; Behring Strait; and Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Found in the Clover Mountains, Nevada, on a damp grassy bank, at an altitude of 10,000 feet, with Vaccinium cespitosum, and Salix reticulata; in fruit, September. (5.) THALICTRUM SPARSIFLORUM, Turez. (7. clavatum, Hook., not of DC.) 1-2° high; panicle loosely few-flowered, long pedicelled; flowers perfect ; filaments clavate; anthers elliptical, pointless; ovaries 8-10; carpels com- pressed, dimidiate, not striate, short-stipitate, thrice longer than the persistent style; upper leaves sessile, 2-3-ternate; leaflets often small—Collected by Dr. Richardson in the Saskatchewan region, latitude 57°, and by Dr. Parry and others in Colorado. Found in the Uinta Mountains, only in Provo River Cation, at an altitude of 7,000 feet; July. Identical with Siberian specimens. (6.) THauictrumM Frenpuert, Eng. Pd. Fendl., p. 5. Dicecious, glabrous ; leaves petioled or the uppermost sessile; filaments capillary; anthers linear, mucronate ; carpels ovate, compressed, oblique, sharp-edged, with 4—6 strong lateral ribs, tapering into the long persistent style; sessile or shortly stipitate.— CATALOGUE. 5 Very near T. diotcum, trom which it is most readily distinguished by the car- pels; 2-3° high; somewhat variable in its foliage. From New Mexico to Cali- fornia and northward to British America. Rare in the East Humboldt Mountains ; more frequent in the Wahsatch, at an elevation of 6—9,000 feet ; June-August. It is the 7. Cornuti of Lyall’s Oregon collection, T. hetero- phyllum, Nutt. MSS. in Herb. Gray, and probably 7. megacarpum, Torr., of Frémont’s Report. (7.) A form was also collected with the leaflets nearly orbicular, entire or 3-lobed. (8.) Var. (?) With stamens mingled with the less compressed strongly ribbed fruit, the styles deciduous, the raceme short and dense, and the leaves ex- tremely large, 1’ or more in diameter; a very doubtful form. Wahsatch Mountains, Provo Canon; 6,000 feet altitude. (9.) ANEMONE MULTIFIDA, DC. Most of the specimens have but a single head ; flowers light-purple. It is the same as the South American plant, but seems clearly distinct from A. decapetala, with which it is united by Dr. Hooker. It is the A. lanigera, Gay, of Chili. From Vermont and Canada to Oregon and Arctic America. Found on the East Humboldt and Clover Mountains of Nevada, and more frequently in the Uinta Mountains, Utah, on dry rocky ridges, at an elevation of 9-12,000 feet; July-September. (10.) ANEMONE DECAPETALA, L. (A. Caroliniana, Walt.) Two impertect fruiting specimens (one with four heads) of what appears to be this species were found on Stansbury’s Island in Salt Lake, Utah; altitude 4,500 feet; June. From the Carolinas to Missouri, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. (11.) Myosurus maumus, L. From Georgia and Illinois westward to the Pacific. Found only in a meadow near the mouth of Jordan River, Salt Lake Valley, with the next. (12.) Myosurus aristatus, Benth. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6.458. Spikes oblong or linear, with few to very many achenia, which are beaked with a divergent per- sistent style nearly equaling the achenium.—Ordinary starved specimens have short few-carpeled heads, but under favoring circumstances it sends up numer- ous sub-decumbent scapes, with linear many-fruited heads, as in A. minimus. Found growing in the shade of sage-brush in the yalley of Carson River, Nevada, and of Salt Lake; 4,500 feet altitude; collected also by Ives in Western Arizona. April-June. us oo © 7 t = ? ; a B — : : itis ; e a oa - PLATE X1. CATALOGUE. 69 ovuled, sessile, reticulated —Arkansas and Texas to Arizona and Sonora. Var. TricHocarpus, T. & G. With hispid calyx and slightly hairy legumes; stems 3’ high. Found on Stansbury Island, Salt Lake; June. (263.) ASTRAGALUS ARRECTUS, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8. 289. Perennial, somewhat cinereous-pubescent or nearly glabrous; stems 1—2° high, erect, suleate, simple or branched; stipules distinct, scarious; leaflets 9-12 pairs, 6-8” long, ovate or narrowly oblong, obtuse or retuse ; racemes on long peduncles, loosely rather few-flowered; flowers ochroleucous, 7 long, twice exceed- ing the tubular-campanulate nigrescent calyx; calyx-teeth rather short and slender, but variable; pod erect upon a spreading or somewhat deflexed pedicel, coriaceous, subglabrous, oblong (}-1’ long,) nearly straight, cuspi- date, abruptly narrowed at base into a stipe as long as the calyx, with a deep dorsal sulcus and somewhat carinate ventrally, 2-celled, many-seeded.— This is 378 (A. leucophyllus, ?) of Geyer’s collection, from Oregon, and is nearest A. Drummondii. Foot-hills about Summit Springs, near Battle Mountain, Nevada; 5,500 feet altitude; June. (264.) ASTRAGALUS ATRATUS. Perennial, somewhat canescent with a minute appressed pubescence; stems 6’—1° high, numerous, slender, ascending ; stipules small, triangular, somewhat adnate to the petiole ; leaflets 4—7 pairs, linear or oblong, 2-5” long, obtuse or acute; peduncles exceeding the leaves ; racemes loose or capitate, few- (5-10-) flowered; calyx-tube campan- ulate, nigrescent, twice longer than the acute teeth; corolla 4’ long, ochro- leucous or somewhat tinged with violet; banner emarginate and with the 2-lobed wings much exceeding the strongly arched keel; legume 10” long, short-stipitate, chartaceous, minutely pubescent or nearly glabrous, linear, straight, terete, with a narrow dorsal sulcus and nearly 2-celled, many- (15-20-) ovuled, more or less pendent—With the habit of A. oroboides and alpinus. Found on the Pah-Ute, Havallah, and Toyabe ranges, Nevada; 6—7,000 feet altitude; June, July. Prare XI. Fig. 1. Plant; natural size. Fig. 2. Petals. Fig. 3. Stamens and ovary; both enlarged two diameters. Fig. 4. Mature legume. Fig. 5. Cross-section of same. (265.) ASTRAGALUS oBscuRUS. Very closely resembling the last, but differing in the erect sessile 10-15-ovuled legume, and in the flowers, which have the keel less strongly arched, with the apex ascending, equaling the entire wings, but shorter than the orbicular banner. Found on rocky foot-hills near Truckee Pass, Nevada; 5,500 feet altitude; May. (266.) 70 BOTANY. ASTRAGALUS ABORIGINUM, Rich. Gray’s Rev. /. c., 203. Perennial, hoary pubescent or subvillous ; stems numerous, rigid, ascending, $-1° high, stipules triangular, for the most part free ; leaflets 8-6 pairs, linear or oblong- lanceolate, acute ; peduncles exceeding the leaves; flowers small (3—-5” long,) in a compact raceme, white or tinged with violet; calyx-teeth filiform-subu- late, a little shorter than the tube; legume long-stipitate, reflexed, somewhat membranous, glabrous, laterally subcompressed, (cross-section oval,) straight dorsally, the ventral suture arcuate, 1-celled with a very narrow rudimentary septum on the dorsal side, 10-15-ovuled—From Lake Winnipeg to Bear Lake and Behring Strait, and in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 11,000 feet altitude; August. (267.) AstraGALus Rospinstt, Gray. Var.(?) occrpenratis. A puzzling form, intermediate between A. Robbinsii and oroboides, but nearer the former. The legume (not yet mature) is much compressed, straight on the dorsal side and arcuate ventrally, tapering at base to a very short stipe, with no indica- tion of a dorsal suleus, but with a narrow rudimentary dorsal septum, pubes- cent with more or less nigrescent hairs. The flowers are rather larger than in Robbinsii, the wing usually emarginate, but less deeply so. East Hum- boldt Mountains, Nevada; 10,000 feet altitude; August. Apparently the same plant, but with less mature legume, was collected by Bourgeau (Phaca 2) in the Rocky Mountains. (268.) ASTRAGALUS IoDANTHUS. Perennial, canescent with an appressed hairy pubescence, or usually nearly glabrous with scattered hairs upon the petioles and margins of the leaves; stems decumbent, 6’-10' long; stipules ovate- lanceolate, free or somewhat adnate to the petiole; leaflets 6-10 pairs, 2-5’ long, obovate or orbicular, obtuse; peduncles equaling the leaves ; spikes short, dense ; flowers on short pedicels, deep violet-purple or ochro- leucous tinged with purple, the wings and banner (6-8” long) exceeding the obtuse keel, the somewhat nigrescent campanulate calyx-tube twice longer than the subulate teeth ; legume 14/ long, 3” broad, linear-oblong, acuminate, strongly arcuate or hamate, sessile, nearly glabrous with a very sparse pubes- cence, mottled, chartaceous, irregularly folded but usually with a deep dorsal sulcus approximating the suture to the prominent ventral one, dorsal septum none, many-seeded.—Collected by Dr. Bloomer and Dr. Torrey near Virginia City, and not rare on the foot-hills of Western Nevada from the Virginia to the CATALOGUE. ful West Humboldt Mountains ; 4,500—-6,000 feet altitude; April-June. Closely related to both A. Parryi and A. Beckwithii. (269.) An interesting form occurs with the legumes more coriaceous, less arcuate, not mottled, and irregular in the intrusion of the dorsal suture, becoming at times essentially the same as the legume of A. Bechwithi. The variation is so great as to show that too much reliance must not be placed on the form of the legume in determining the species of this section. Near Salt Lake City and on Antelope Island, Utah; May, June. (270.) AsrracaLus Becxwitnu, T. & G. Gray's Rev., l. c., 221. Perennial, glabrous or nearly so; stems 1-2° long, diffusely spreading; stipules ovate- lanceolate, adnate to the petioles; leaflets 6-12 pairs, 6’ long, broadly oval ; flowers (5-8) in a short loose raceme, ochroleucous, 9” long; calyx-teeth subulate, scarcely shorter than or exceeding the nearly glabrous campanulate tube; legume 1’ long, glabrous, transversely rugulose, coriaceous, short- stipitate, somewhat obcompressed, flattened dorsally with the suture slightly intruded, bisuleate ventrally with the prominent suture acutely margined, many-seeded.—Salt Lake Valley. Found in Ruby Valley, Nevada, and on Antelope Island, Salt Lake; June, July. (271.) ASTRAGALUS PTEROCARPUS. Perennial, somewhat hoary with a minute pubescence; stems 1-2° long, decumbent, branched; leaflets 1’ long, 2-4 pairs, distant, linear; peduncles longer than the leaves; racemes short and rather few-flowered; legume 1-14’ long, 4 wide, coriaceous, glabrous, sessile, strongly obcompressed (compressed at the apex,) ovate, acute, later- ally winged, rugose-veined transversly, slightly sulcate dorsally, the dorsal suture nearly meeting the somewhat depressed ventral one, many-seeded.— A well-marked species, remarkable for its broad obcompressed legumes, which are margined their whole length with an entire wing a line in breadth; flowers 3/ long; collected only in fruit. Growing in alkaline soil near the junction of Reese River with the Humboldt, Nevada; June. Prate XII. Fig. 1. A stem; natural size. Fig 2. Section of the legume; enlarged two diameters. (272.) ASTRAGALUS ERIOCARPUS. Perennial, canescent with a dense subap- pressed hirsute-silky pubescence, acaulescent ; leaflets 4-7 pairs, 4-6” long, obovate, somewhat acute or often retuse; the scape-like curved peduncles (2-6' long) equaling the leaves ; flowers (3-6) loosely capitate, large (1 long,) deep-purple, twice longer than the cylindrical calyx; calyx-teeth subulate- 72 BOTANY. setaceous, one-third as long as the tube; keel elongated, nearly straight, slightly arched at the apex, a little shorter than the wings and banner; legume 1-12’ long, firmly coriaceous, sessile, densely silky-hirsute, trans- versely rugose, oblong-lanceolate, arcuate, obcompressed with approaching sutures at the base, but becoming compressed with prominent sutures towards the apex, 1-celled, many-seeded.—Found on the foot-hills of the Trinity and of the East and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 5-6,000 feet altitude ; April-July. With exactly the habit of A. Shortianus and also near to glareosus, but distinguished from both by the very hirsute legume. The pubescence is less straight and silky than in Shortianus, and on the other hand less woolly than in Purshii and Utahensis. (273. AstracaLus Pursuu, Dougl. Gray's Rev., Ul. c., 212. Nearly acaules- cent (rarely 6’ high,) canescent with a long and dense woolly pubescence ; peduncles short (2-3 high;) leaflets 5-8 pairs, lanceolate or oblong, 3-5’ long; flowers #-1’ long, ochroleucous, with the keel sometimes purplish ; legume as in the last, but usually smaller, (3? long,) less arcuate, and with a more woolly pubescence——From Green River in Wyoming Territory west to the mountains of California and Central Oregon. Frequent in Nevada from the Washoe to the East Humboldt Mountains; 5-7,000 feet altitude ; April-July. (274.) AsrracaLus Uranensis, T. & G. Gray’s Rev., lc. 213. Very near to the last, from which it differs in being subcaulescent with the short stems (2-6' long) prostrate, in its suborbicular leaves, (2—4’’ in diameter,) in its usually dark-purple flowers, and in its softer and more dense appressed woolly pubescence. Reported only from the shores of Salt Lake, but found in the Virginia and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, as well as on Antelope Island and in the Wahsatch ; 4,500-6,000 feet altitude; May—August. (275.) ASTRAGALUS GryeERI, Gray; Zc. 214. Annual, low, (3-6’ high,) some- what simple, subcanescent, with an appressed hairy pubescence ; leaflets linear or oblong, obtuse, glabrous above; peduncles shorter than the leaves, few-(3-5-)flowered; corolla 3” long, ochroleucous; calyx-teeth subulate, about equaling the short campanulate tube; legume 8-9” long, membranous, inflated, ovate-lunate with an incurved acumination, sessile, not mottled, finely reticulated, glabrous, 1-celled—Collected by Geyer on the Upper Platte; also by Douglas and Gordon. Found on the foot-hills of the Trinity CATALOGUE. 73 Mountains, and on sand dunes at Cooper’s Ferry, near Humboldt Lake, Nevada; May. (276.) AstracaLus Hooxerianvs, Gray ; /.¢., 215. Perennial, silky-pubescent ; stems low, (2—4’,) ascending, flexuous; stipules lanceolate, lower ones mem- branous and sheathing; leaflets 6-9 pairs, 2-3” long, oblong or linear- oblong, or orbicular; spikes short, few-flowered; corolla ochroleucous, 4-5” long; calyx-tube campanulate, the teeth short; legume 1-2’ long, membranous, inflated, oblong-oboyate, rounded at the apex, attenuate at base into a short stipe, mottled, glabrous, 1-celled—Collected only by Douglas in the “interior of Oregon,” and by Anderson (273) in the West Humboldt Mountains, probably on Star Peak, where it grows in the crevices of lime- stone rocks at an elevation of 10,000 feet; in flower and fruit, September. A dwarf species of very distinct habit, and easily distinguished by its large obtuse legume. (277.) ASTRAGALUS oopHORUS. Perennial, glabrous throughout; stems 1-2° long, numerous, subdecumbent; stipules ovate-acuminate, nearly free ; leaflets 4—6 pairs, 6 9’ long, ovate-oblong, obtuse; racemes short, loosely few-(6-10-) flowered; flowers 2’ long, ochroleucous or tinged with violet, spreading ; calyx-teeth setaceous, equaling the campanulate tube; legume 2’ long, mem- branous, inflated, ovate, (the sutures equally arched,) acuminate, upon a stipe equaling the calyx, reflexed, mottled, glabrous, 1-celled—Near A. curtipes, Gray. Reese River Pass of the Shoshone Mountains, Nevada; 5,500 feet altitude; July. (278,) ASTRAGALUS JEJUNUS. Perennial, dwarf, minutely hoary-pubescent; stems short (1-2 long) and crowded, from a many-branching caudex, covered with numerous imbricated stipules, which are membranous, sheathing, trun- cate and ciliate; leaflets 4-7 pairs, linear, 1-2’ long; peduncles shorter than the leaves, 2—3-flowered ; corolla ochroleucous or tinged with violet, 2” long ; calyx-teeth a little shorter than the campanulate tube; legume 4” long, mem- branous, inflated, globose, obtuse, sessile, glabrous, wholly 1-celled——An in- significant species with a starved desert habit, but remarkable for its singu- larly stipuled stems and obtuse legumes; growing on the foot-hills of Bear River Valley, near Evanston, Utah. Prare XII. Fig.1. A stem; natural size. Figs. 2-5. Parts of the flower; enlarged four diameters. Fig. 6. Mature legume, opened; enlarged two diameters. (279.) 10 74 BOTANY. ASTRAGALUS NUDUS. Perennial, somewhat hoary with a minute pubes- cence; stems numerous, ascending, branched, flexuous; stipules ovate-acu- minate, the lower ones adnate to the petioles; leaflets 3-1’ long, 1-2 pairs, linear, distant upon a long (4—-6’) angular rachis; peduncles equaling the leaves; flowers (6-8) distant; corolla violet-purple, 9-12” long, twice longer than the cylindrical calyx; calyx-teeth lanceolate, not half the length of the tube; legume #-1’ long, sessile, erect, thick, cartilaginous, glabrous, oblong-ovate, inflated, not suleate, the sutures thick and prominent and not intruded, 1-celled, many-seeded.—Very near A. pectinatus, but distinguished by its erect and somewhat larger legumes, its few loosely-racemed blue flowers, and sparse short leaflets. West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; May, June. (280.) ASTRAGALUS CHAMLEUCE, Gray; /. c., 222. Perennial, silvery-canes- cent with a dense silky pubescence ; stems numerous, short, (1-6’,) prostrate, or nearly acaulescent; stipules ovate, membranous, free; leaflets 2-4” long, 2-6 pairs, oblong, obovate or oval; peduncles shorter than the leaves, slender, 3-8-flowered ; calyx-teeth subulate, much shorter than the cylindrical tube ; corolla light violet, # long; legume 4-1’ long, thick-coriaceous, sessile, ovate- oblong, acuminate, somewhat arcuate, terete or somewhat obcompressed and frequently suleate ventrally, rugosely reticulated and subpubescent, 1-celled, many-seeded.—-From Arizona and New Mexico to Southern Idaho, (Burke.) Found in Ruby Valley, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch Mountains and Bear River Valley, Utah; 6—7,000 feet altitude; June, July. The pres- ent specimens have more numerous and narrower leaflets than usual. (281.) ASTRAGALUS SPEIROCARPUS, Gray; Zc, 225. Perennial, somewhat cine- reous with a minute pubescence; stems 1—2° long, numerous, decumbent, simple or branched; stipules small, ovate-lanceolate, nearly free; leaflets 4—9 pairs, 8-6" long, obovate or oblong, retuse; racemes loose, secund, rather few-(10-20-)flowered ; flowers 10” long, ochroleucous, keel spurred; the cylindrical calyx-tube several times longer than the rather short teeth ; legume 1-12’ long, coriaceous, exsertly stipitate, flattened, glabrous, linear-lanceo- late, spirally coiled, perfectly 1-celled, many-seeded—The legumes in these specimens are much thinner and less rugose than in Lyall’s, the sutures not thickened nor showing any tendency to separation. On the Upper Colum- bia, (Lyall) On the Trinity, Pah-Ute and Toyabe Mountains, Nevada ; 6,000 feet altitude; May—July. (282.) CATALOGUE. 75 ASTRAGALUS CYRTOIDES, Gray; Z. c., 201. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6. 525. Softly pubescent; stems subdecumbent, about 1° long; stipules small; leaflets 7-10 pairs, 4-6” long, linear-oblong, obovate or obcordate ; pedun- cles much longer than the leaves; racemes spike-like, with spreading or pen- dulous flowers on short suberect pedicels; calyx-teeth subulate, or ovate, 3-times shorter than the tube; corolla 6-8” long, ochroleucous, half longer than the calyx; legume cartilaginous, 1-celled, sublinear, terete, acute at each end, pendent upon a stipe longer than the calyx, strongly arcuate-incurved or sometimes annular, margined sutures narrow, the ventral one very acute.— Washington Territory, (Spalding;) near Carson City, Nevada, (Dr. Anderson.) ASTRAGALUS FILIPES, Torr. Gray’s Rev., l.c., 226. Perennial, minutely puberulent; stems 2° long, subdecumbent, simple or branched; stipules small, free; leaflets 2’ long, 5-8 pairs, linear-oblong, obtuse; peduncles slender, much exceeding the leaves; racemes loosely 10—20-flowered ; flowers 2’ long, ochroleucous, on slender pedicels, spreading; calyx-tube campanu- late, twice longer than the short teeth; legume 1’ long, chartaceous, long- stipitate, flat, glabrous, linear-oblong, straight, reflexed, perfectly 1-celled, many-seeded.—Collected by Dr. Pickering near Fort Okanagan, Washington Territory. Pah-Ute and Toyabe Mountains, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude ; June, July. (283.) ASTRAGALUS PORRECTUS. Perennial, subglabrous; stems ‘ascending, simple, 1-2° long; stipules large and membranous, at least the lower ones sheathing; leaflets 4-6 pairs, 4’ in diameter, broadly obovate, retuse or ob- tuse ; racemes loosely rather many-flowered, elongating in fruit; flowers 2 long, yellow, spreading, the campanulate calyx-tube scarcely longer than the subulate teeth; legume }_2’ long, chartaceous, flat, glabrous, oblong, gibbous dorsally, the ventral suture nearly straight, erect upon a spreading pedicel and stipe that exceeds the calyx, perfectly 1-celled, about 10-seeded.— Of the Homalobus section and of like habit with A. Palmeri. It also much resembles A. arrectus, but the structure of the legume is very different. Trinity Mountains, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; May. (284.) ASTRAGALUS MULTIFLORUS, Gray; Z. c., 226. Perennial, somewhat glab- rous; stems 1° high, numerous, ascending, slender, branched; stipules dark-colored, the lower ones at least sheathing; leaflets 6-10 pairs, 3-6’ long, linear or narrowly oblong, acute or obtuse; peduncles not exceeding the leaves, loosely few-flowered; flowers ochroleucous, small, 2-3” long; 76 BOTANY. the campanulate calyx-tube longer than the teeth and about equaling the stipe ; legume 4-6” long, chartaceous, exserted, flat, glabrous, oblong, sutures about equally curved, reflexed, 1-celled, about 6-ovuled, 2—4-seeded.—From Colorado and the plains of Nebraska north to latitude 65°; at Santa Inez, Southern California, (Antisell.) East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and Bear River Valley, Utah; 6-10,000 feet altitude; July, August. (285.) ASTRAGALUS TEGETARIUS. Perennial, dwarf, ceespitose, canescent with a silky pubescence ; stems 2-6’ long, numerous and branched, from a much branched caudex, procumbent; stipules membranous, mostly acuminate, sheathing; leaflets 3-5 pairs, 2-3” long, linear, acute; peduncles slender, about equaling the leaves, 1—3-flowered; flowers small, 2-3” long, ochro- leucous, the keel purplish; calyx-teeth as long as the campanulate tube ; legume 2-3” long, chartaceous, sessile, compressed, pubescent, ovate-oblong, straight, erect, 1-celled, 6-ovuled, 1-2-seeded.—Peaks of the East Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada; 11-12,000 feet altitude; July-September. Puate XIII. Fig. 7. A stem; natural size. Fig. 8. Parts of the flower. Fig. 9. Mature legume. Fig. 10. A legume opened; all enlarged four diameters. (286.) ASTRAGALUS CAMPESTRIS, Gray; /. c., 229. Perennial, minutely pubes- cent or glabrate; stems 3-15’ high, numerous, ascending, slender, simple ; stipules, at least the lower ones, membranous and sheathing; leaflets 5-9 pairs, 3-9” long, linear, linear-lanceolate or oblong, usually acute ; pedun- cles slender, exceeding the leaves, 5-10-flowered; flowers 4” long, subcap- itate, ochroleucous, tinged with violet, the keel with a purple long and narrow inflexed tip ; legume 4-1’ long, chartaceous, sessile, subpuberulent, subcom- pressed, oblong-linear, nearly straight, (the ventral suture gibbous,) the pedi- cel at. last reflexed, 1-celled, 10-15-ovuled—Rocky Mountains of Colorado, and northward, (Geyer.) Uinta Mountains, Utah; 8,000 feet altitude; July, August. (287.) AsTRAGALUS JUNCEUS, Gray; /.c., 230. Perennial, minutely pubescent or subglabrous; stems usually solitary, erect, paniculately branched, slender ; stipules small; petioles slender, sometimes 6’ long, usually naked, or with 1-5 pairs of linear leaflets; peduncles longer than the leaves, 3—7-flowered ; flowers 4” long, distant, ochroleucous or tinged with violet, the keel remark- ably incurved; calyx-teeth usually small and obtuse, shorter than the cam- panulate tube; legume (1-1?’ long) as in the last; pubescent—Colorado ————— eZ i) WARY NY Ay N, X v WV NERY |) ‘i ed WAY ISSA hn a ey) LS SA | GEE ZZ SNS = Roowix A= Re 6. ASTRAGALUS. JEJUNUS 7-10 A TEGETARIUS PLATE Xill Vv 3 CATALOGUE. Td (Parry) and Western Wyoming, (Nuttall.) East Humboldt Mountains, Ne- vada, and in the Wahsatch, Utah; 6-9,000 feet altitude; June—August. This species should include A. diversifolius, Gray. (288.) ASTRAGALUS SIMPLICIFOLIUS, Gray; /.c., 231. Perennial, ciespitose in dense cushioned mats; leaves 4-5” long, hoary with an appressed silky pu- bescence, simple, lear or spatulate-lanceolate, acute, frequently involute, crowding the extremities of the numerous short (2) branches; scapes scarcely exceeding the leaves, 2—-3-flowered; flowers 3” long, purple, the banner and wings longer than the strongly arched keel; calyx-teeth nearly equaling the obconical tube; legume 4” long, half included in the calyx, oblong, acute, subcompressed, glabrous, thick and coriaceous, 1-celled, the ventral suture straight and very acute, the dorsal gibbous, about 12-ovuled.—Collected only by Nuttall near the sources of the Platte. Found near Wahsatch Station on the Union Pacific Railroad, on the summit of the divide between the Weber and Bear Rivers; 7,000 feet altitude; May—July. Puare XII. Fig. 3. A stem; natural size but unusually large. Fig. 4. Calyx; enlarged eight diameters. Figs. 5-9. Parts of the flower; enlarged four diameters. (289.) ASTRAGALUS KeEntropHyta, Gray; 7. ¢., 231. Perennial, cwspitose, hoary with a short silky pubescence; stems 2—4’ long, numerous and branch- ing, prostrate, rigid; stipules membranous, mostly connate, often setaceously or spinosely acuminate; leaflets 2-3 pairs, 2-4” long, linear-subulate, usu- ally rigid and divaricate, pungent, not jointed with the rachis; flowers 2” long, upon short pedicels (1-3) in the axils of the leaves, ochroleucous or tinged with violet; calyx-teeth setaceous, equaling the campanulate tube; legumes 2-38” long, subchartaceous, sessile, pubescent, ovate, acuminate, subcom- pressed, somewhat incurved, 1-celled, 3—4-ovuled, 1—2-seeded, the valves separating at maturity—New Mexico, (Inscription Rocks, Bigelow,) Colo- rado, and Wyoming. On dry barren hillsides in Monitor and Holmes Creek Valleys, Nevada; 5-6,000 feet altitude; June-September. (290.) Var. ELATUS. Stems elongated and erect, 6-18’ high, scarcely branched ; not otherwise different from the usual prostrate form. Holmes Creek Valley, Nevada; September. (291.) OxyTRopis campestris, L., Var. viscipa. (O. viscida, Nutt.) Hairy and viscid throughout with a resinous exudation ; scapes 8-4’ high, equaling the leaves; keel tipped with purple—Collected by Nuttall near the sources of the Columbia. Specimens in Herb. Gray. of Bourgeau’s from the Rocky 78 BOTANY. Mountains, ticketed ‘O. campestris, DC. ?,” are nearly the same, but less viscid and with scapes exceeding the leaves. Found in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 10,000 feet altitude; August. (292.) Guycyrruiza Lepmpora, Nutt. From Arkansas and Missouri north to Hudson’s Bay and the Saskatchewan and west to Northern Mexico, Califor- nia and Oregon. In Humboldt and Goose Creek Valleys, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch Mountains and Salt Lake Valley, Utah; 4,200-6,000 feet alti- tude; June—October. Known by the Mormons as ‘Deseret weed.” (293.) Hepysarum Macxkenzu, Rich. Stems 2° high, suberect, simple or branched, minutely pubescent; stipules, at least the lower ones, connate ; leaflets 5-8 (usually 5) pairs, canescently pubescent, oblong or lanceolate, nearly glabrous above; racemes loosely 7—30-flowered, elongating in fruit ; flowers large, 6-9’ long, light purple, the keel somewhat exceeding the banner and wings; calyx-teeth subulate, longer than the wings ; legume 3—4- jointed, minutely pubescent.—Durand unites this species with H. boreale, Nutt., but it is kept distinct by Dr. Hooker. From the Saskatchewan north- ward to the Arctic Sea and Alaska; Utah, (Stansbury.) Found only in the Wahsatch Mountains; 5—6,000 feet altitude; May—July. (294.) Victa Americana, Muhl. Foliage very variable, even upon the same plant; the lower leaves usually narrower than the upper, which vary from linear to ovate, and are acute, obtuse, or truncate, always mucronate. Con- fined to the banks of streams, sometimes abundant; known as the ‘‘ Peavine.” From New York and Kentucky north to the Arctic Circle and west to the Pacific; New Mexico, (Fendler.) In the Washoe Mountains and Pah-Ute Range, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas, Utah; 4,500-6,000 feet altitude; May—October. (295.) LatHyrus PoLyPHYLLus, Nutt. Closely resembling ZL. maritimus, Big., but taller, (2° high,) the stipules semi-cordate or semi-sagittate and usually much smaller than the leaflets, the peduncles longer than the leaves, (4—6’,) and the lower segment of the calyx setaceous. Oregon, California, (Brewer,) and Utah. Frequent in the Wahsatch Mountains; 5-10,000 feet altitude ; May-July. (296.) Laruyrus pauustris, L. Stems narrowly winged; peduncles 4-10- flowered. From Canada south to Virginia and west through the Saskat- chewan region to Washington Territory and Northern California. Varieties are reported from Colorado, Western Texas, and thence west to Arizona and CATALOGUE. 79 Northern Mexico. Found in the Wahsatch Mountains, Utah; 5-6,000 feet altitude; May, June. (297.) Latuyrus ornatus, Nutt. Glabrous or subvillous-pubescent, somewhat glaucous; stems ascending, 6’-1° high, simple or branched, angular; stip- ules lanceolate, semi-sagittate, entire; leaflets 4-7 pairs, $-1’ long, lance- olate-linear or oblong, acute, mucronate, rigid and strongly veined, tendril very short; peduncles equaling or exceeding the leaves, about 4-(3-8-) flow- ered; flowers 1’ long, bright purple; calyx-teeth lanceolate, slightly unequal, shorter than the tube-——On the Upper Missouri and Platte. Found in the Wahsatch Mountains, near Salt Lake City; 5,000 feet altitude; May. De- scribed by Nuttall as glabrous, but these specimens, like others. from Colo rado, are villous-pubescent. (298.) ROSACE Z. 997 Prunus Anpersonu, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 337. Very glabrous; branches thorny ; leaves fascicled, small, (4-12” long,) oblong or lanceolate- spatulate, attenuate into a slender petiole, obtuse or occasionally acute, deli- cately veined and somewhat nerved, without glands; flowers 2~3 in the axils, on rather long pedicels, (2-3’";) calyx ebracteolate, with the lobes entire and shorter than the turbinate tube; petals 3” long, rose-color; ovary and base of the style very hirsute; drupe puberulent, somewhat fleshy, subglobose— A diffusely branched shrub, 2—3° high, the flowers appearing with the leaves, which are apparently convolute in estivation; the fruit is half an inch in diameter, scarcely eatable, with an orbicular subcompressed stone, which is acutely pointed, rather sharply margined and nearly smooth. Collected by Dr. Anderson and Dr. Torrey near Carson City, and frequent on the foot-hills of the Washoe, Trinity and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; April-June. (299.) Prunus EMARGINATA, Walp. (Cerasus, Dougl.) Leaves oval, oblong or oblanceolate, usually obtuse and often emarginate, nearly glabrous, bi-gland- ular; corymb few-flowered; calyx-segments ovate, obtuse, reflexed; drupes globose.—C. mollis, Dougl., with somewhat tomentose-pubescent leaves and ealyx, is referred to this species. Oregon and Northern California, and col- lected by Dr. Anderson near Carson City, Nevada. Found in the Washoe Mountains near the same locality ; a straggling bush, 4° high, without leaf or flower in April; 7,000 feet altitude. (800.) 80 BOTANY. Prunus Virarmiana, L. (?) Scarcely flowering specimens only, from trees having a very different habit from the next, 15° high and 6-10’ in di- ameter, in a locality where P. demissa was but 2° high, with thinner leaves and short racemes, (2’ long.) The young racemes have unusually large mem- branous bracts, and the stipules are likewise conspicuous. West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 9,000 feet altitude. The species is found from New- foundland to Louisiana and the Arctic Circle, in New Mexico, Colorado and northward. It has not hitherto been reported from west of the Rocky Mountains. (301.) Prunus pemissa, Walp. (Cerasus, Nutt.) Glabrous; leaves thickish, obovate or oval, abruptly pointed, sharply (often doubly) serrate with straight teeth, petiole mostly biglandular ; racemes 3-4’ long, densely flowered ; petals orbicular, 2’ in diameter; fruit purplish-black—Shrubby, often fruiting freely at the height of two feet, but reaching 12° in height in favorable locali- ties, and 4—6’ in diameter; with the thick leaf of P. sero¢ina and a pleasanter fruit, it otherwise more resembles P. Virginiana, and is also commonly known as the “choke cherry.” In the mountains from the Columbia to Southern California; New Mexico, (Fendler.) Frequent in Nevada and Utah, from the Washoe Mountains to the Wahsatch; 5-10,000 feet altitude; flowering in May and June, fruit ripening in September. CLARKIA, Pursn. Calyx-tube linear, 4-angled, slightly produced above the ovary ; limb fun- nelform, 4-parted, deciduous. Petals 4, unguiculate, dilated, entire or 3-lobed, the claw 2-toothed. Sta- mens 8, on the throat of the calyx, the alternate ones shorter, with filiform filaments ; anthers oblong or linear, at length revolute, those of the shorter stamens smaller or abortive. Disk annular, surrounding the base of the style. Style filiform, with a broad eruciately 4-lobed stigma. Capsule linear, narrowed above, 4-celled, 4-valved to the middle, the numerous ascending papillose seeds in one row upon the ax- illary placentwe.—Annual branching virgate herbs, with alternate leaves and rather large flowers BENTH. & Hook. CATALOGUE. 105 fragile; leaves 1-2’ long, ovate or oblong, on slender petioles; petals deep- purple, 2-4” long, rhomboidal, with a short claw, undivided ; stamens all fer- tile, with a villous scale at the base of each; stigmas short and hairy; cap- sules 1’ in length, on short pedicels, nearly glabrous.—Oregon and Northern California. Found in the Havallah range, Nevada, and frequent in the Wah- satch ; 5-6,000 feet altitude; June, July. (400.) GayopHyTuM! RAmosissimum, T. & G. Glabrous, divaricately branched ; flowers very minute; calyx-lobes lanceolate-oblong, equaling the rose-colored petals and exceeding the longer stamens ; capsules oblong, 3—5-seeded, rather shorter than the filiform pedicels—Stems 6-18’ high, becoming very much branched. Readily distinguished by the short pods (2-3” long) on pedicels of about the same length, which are often deflexed ; flowers 4’ long. Rocky Mountains, from Southern Idaho to Colorado. Frequent from Western Ne- vada to the Wahsatch; 5,000 feet altitude; May—July. (401.) Gayorpnytum raceMosum, T. & G. Nearly glabrous, branched, the branches elongated, mostly simple; flowers as in the last, axillary along the branches ; capsules linear, tapering at base into a very short pedicel or sessile, many-seeded.—Glabrous or with a minute fugacious pubescence upon the young capsules; stems 6-18’ high; capsules 8-10” long g, sometimes only 8-12-seeded. Distinguished from the last by its longer many-seeded nearly sessile pods and more simple branches. ‘This species includes G. Nuttailii, T. & G. Rocky Mountains of Idaho and Colorado; California, (Bolander.) Pah-Ute range and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ; 5-7,500 feet altitude; June-August. (402.) Var. A reduced mountain form, 1-6’ high, simple or branched, few- flowered, glabrous or clothed with a dense short appressed pubescence. The latter resemble Oregon specimens collected by Cronkhite, and are equivalent to G. cesium, T. & G., which differs from G* racemosum only in its pubes- cence. East Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ; 7-10,000 feet altitude; July-September. (403.) GayorHytuM pirFusum, T. & G. Nearly glabrous, somewhat pubescent 1GAYOPHYTUM, A. Juss. Calyx-tube not produced beyond the ovary, linear, subterete; lobes 4, spreading, deciduous. Petals 4, dbovate, very shortly unguiculate. Stamens 8, or 4 alternate with as many staminodia; filaments short, filiform; anthers globose. Style rather short, with a capitate or cla- vate stigma. Capsule small, membranous, linear, 2-celled, 4-valyed, two opposite valves bearing a nar- row dissepiment. Seeds few-many, in a single series in each cell, ascending.—Annual slender branching herbs, with alternate linear entire nerveless leaves and small axillary solitary flowers. Bento, & Hoor. 14. 106 BOTANY. above; stems divaricately branched, 6-18’ high, flowers mostly toward the extremities of the branches, rather large, the petals exceeding the calyx; stamens usually all fertile, the shorter varying in length and in the size of their anthers; style longer than the stamens, with a capitate or subclayate stigma; capsules oblong or linear, a little longer than the pedicels —Flowers 14-3” in diameter ; capsules frequently deflexed, 3-6” long; cells 4—8-seeded. Much resembling G. ramosissimusn, but distinguished by its larger flowers and longer capsules. It differs somewhat from G. diffusum as described, but the characters of the anthers and stigma are quite variable, and flowers may be found that accord well enough with the original. Idaho, Oregon, (Cronk- hite,) and California, (4922 and 6371 Bolander, 1414 Brewer.) Havallah Range and East and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wah- satch; 5-6,000 feet altitude; June-September. (404.) CENOTHERA BIENNIS, L. Stems 2-3° high; minutely pubescent, the calyx somewhat silky; spike crowded; petals 6” in length; leaves lanceo- late, the lower cauline 6’ by 1’.. Throughout North America from latitude 56° to Florida, Arkansas, New Mexico, Arizona and California. Wahsatch Mountains, Utah; 6,000 feet altitude; August. (405.) Var. Granpirtora, T. & G. Spike less crowded and with fewer flow- ers; petals 1-12’ long, nearly equaling the tube ; leaves narrowly lanceolate, the lower 3’ long by 4’ wide. Through Nevada and Utah, much more com- mon than the last; 4,500—6,000 feet altitude; June-September. (406.) CENOTHERA coRonopIroui, T. & G. Perennial, with horizontal root- stocks; stems simple, often numerous from a branching base, erect or ascend- ing, spatulate, the rest pectinately pinnatifid; throat of the calyx-tube densely slender, canescently puberulent, strigose or hispid; basal leaves linear- villous; petals somewhat orbicular, entire, equaling the stamens, shorter than the pistil; capsule ovate- or linear-oblong, torulose at base, sometimes attenu- ate into a very short peduncle, suberect; seeds large, ovate, turgid, somewhat obtuse or obliquely truncate, costate-tuberculate—Stems 6-18’ high; petals nearly white, turning red, 2’ long; capsules 4-1’ in length. From Northern Arizona and New Mexico to the Platte. In the Wahsatch and Uintas; 6,000 feet altitude; July. (407.) CENOTHERA ALBICAULIS, Nutt. Perennial, glabrous, puberulent or hir- sute; bark of the stem white, membranous, shining; leaves very variable ; petals round-oyate, more or less unguiculate, entire, exceeding the stamens CATALOGUE. 107 and equaling the pistil; capsule thickened at base, sessile, linear, divaricate, often flexuous or deflexed; seeds rather small, linear-lanceolate, smooth.— Stems usually 1-2° high, erect or ascending, from more or less running root- stocks. Var. Nurraryu, Eng. Amer. Jour. Sci., n. s., 36. 834. Leaves linear or lanceolate, attenuate at base into a short petiole, entire or more or less dentate, (some of the specimens with villous calyx and coarsely sinuate- dentate or subpinnatifid leaves, approaching Var. runcinata ;) petals nearly white, 1/ in length, about equaling the calyx-tube; capsule 1-14’ long; stems slender, simple or branching at base—From Washington Territory to the Saskatchewan and southward, east of the Sierras, to Northern Mexico and Western Texas. Found in Smoky and Ruby Valleys, Nevada, but much more frequent in the Wahsatch ; 5—6,000 feet altitude; June-August. (408.) CENoTHERA DELTOIDES, Torr. & Frém. Frémont’s Rep., (1845,) p. 315. Annual, more or less canescently puberulent and villous; stem erect, low and stout, 6-10’ high, becoming woody with white membranous bark, sparingly branched, the branches subdecumbent; early flowering forms often nearly acaulescent; leaves tapering to a long petiole, very variable even on the same plant, from broadly rhombic-ovate to lyrate linear-pinnatifid; flowers large, (2-3’ in diameter,) sessile, axillary ; calyx-lobes villous, the tube nearly twice longer than the entire petals; stamens shorter than the petals; anthers elongated, fixed by the middle; style exserted; capsule thickened at base, (often 24’) long,) terete, usually recurved, rigid; seeds linear, smooth, vary- ing in size, usually 12” in length—Root straight and subfusiform. ‘This is 203 Anderson and 101 Torrey, from near Carson City, 1217 and 1590 Brewer, from California, and was also collected by Cooper near Fort Mohave in Western Arizona. It has been mistaken for Var. ¢richocalyx of the last species, but is very different. Foot-hills of the Truckee and Humboldt Valleys, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; May, June. (409.) CEnoTHERA TRILOBA, Nutt. Biennial, acaulescent, nearly glabrous ; leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, petioled, the segments occasionally toothed ; flow- ers large, sessile; calyx-tube very long, (2-5’,) filiform, dilated above; cap- sules oval or obovate, cartilaginous or somewhat woody, reticulated, 4-winged, apiculate or 4-toothed at the apex, tardily dehiscent loculicidally or sometimes septicidally ; seeds horizontal, angled, densely tuberculate—Leaves thin, 4-10’ long; flowers 2-3’ in diameter, yellowish, becoming rose-color; cap- sules 1’ in length, persistent and crowding at the base. From Arkansas to 108 BOTANY. Northern Chihuahua, New Mexico and Colorado; Saskatchewan, (Bourgeau.) Truckee Valley and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; Wahsatch and Uintas ; 5-8,000 feet altitude ; May—July. (410.) CENOTHERA MARGINATA, Nutt. Perennial (?,) acaulescent or with a short suberect stem, (2—6' high,) more or less villous-pubescent or nearly glabrous; leaves petioled, lanceolate, acute, variable in section, runcinate, lyrate, repandly toothed, or nearly entire; calyx-tube elongated, (3—-5’;) pe- tals large, 1-2’ long, obcordate, nearly white, becoming rose-color ; capsules sessile or upon short peduncles, coriaceous, oblong, somewhat attenuate above, straight or curved, sub-4-angled, more or less ribbed, with the ridges tuber- culate or smooth; dehiscence loculicidal; seeds nearly horizontal, obovate, smooth, suleate—This species must include C2’. c@spitosa and montana of Nuttall, as neither the pubescence, shape of the leaves, length of the calyx- tube and pedicels, nor form of the capsule, affords any constant distinctions. (E. eximia, Gray, is probably but a luxuriant, more than usually caulescent form; as yet collected only with very immature fruit. Specimens of un- doubted marginata approach it in size. From Wyoming and Colorado to the Sierras; New Mexico, (Thurber.) Foot-hills through Nevada and around Salt Lake Valley; 5,000 feet altitude; May, June. (411.) Var. purpuREA. MADARIA, DC. Heads many-flowered ; rays 10-20, pistillate, fertile, ligules 2-3 times as long as the involucre, cuneate, 3-cleft; disk-flowers perfect but infertile; the corollas tubular-funnel-shaped, 5-toothed. Inyolucre sub-globose, the scales as many as the rays, incurved, conduplicate, and enclosing the fertile achenia. Receptacle convex, villous, the margin furnished with 1-2 rows of chaffy scales inside of the rays. Branchesof the style in the disk-flowers with lanceolate hispid appendages. Achenia compressed, somewhat incurved, the back thicker than the inner edge, broader towards the top, destitute of pappus.—Annual herbs of California, ete., everywhere hairy and often furnished with minute stalked glands ; leaves linear or lanceolate ; heads showy, 12-15’ broad, the rays yellow, sometimes purple-spotted at the base. 3 MADIA, Morttina. Heads few—many-flowered ; rays 5-12, pistillate, fertile, the ligule slightly ex- serted and 3-cleft ; disk-flowers perfect, fertile, the corollas tubular, 5-toothed. Receptacle flat, smooth, and bearing 1-2 series of chafty seales inside the ray-flowers, usually somewhat united. Style of the disk-tlowers with lanceolate acute branches, minutely hispid on the margins. Achenia of the ray oblong- oboyate, slightly ineuryed, compressed, the sides usually somewhat angled; of the disk straight, com- pressed, not angled. Pappus none.—Annuals or biennials of Western America, with the aspect ot Madaria, and similar hirsute and often glandular stems, leayes and inyoluere ; the rays less showy. CATALOGUE. 179 Awmpa_ arrsuta, Nutt. Hirsute with both short appressed and long spreading hairs, as well as more or less beset with stalked glands; stem 10-18’ high, leafy; leaves about 2’ long, 1-2" broad; heads somewhat corymbed at the top of the stem.—Said to be a stouter plant than A. gracilis, and with broader and more carinate involucral scales, but there is probably but one species, and that should properly be reduced to Madia, where Hooker originally put it. Saskatchewan to Oregon and Colorado, (Parry in 1864, and 364 Vasey.) Parley’s Park in the Wahsatch; 6,000 feet elevation ; July. (626.) -Marota Coruna, DC. A European weed, now naturalized throughout the United States; also in Canada and parts of South America. Roadsides in Central Nevada; 5,000 feet elevation. (627.) Acrttiea Mituerotium, L. Throughout North America, Europe, and Northern Asia; Mount Davidson, (Bloomer !) Truckee Valley, and on the Havallah, East Humboldt, and Clover Mountains, Nevada, from the base to the peaks, and common in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 4-10,000 feet alti- tude. (628.) Var. rosa, T. & G., was found along stream-banks in and near Parley’s Park, Utah, but was not seen in Nevada. (629.) Marercaria piscorpea, DC. California to Alaska and Eastern Asia. Naturalized near St. Louis, and introduced into Europe. Foot-hills of the Trinity Mountains, Nevada, and in Jordan Valley, Utah; May. Prof. Brewer states that this isa great remedy for fever and ague with the native Cali- fornians. (630.) TANACETUM CANUM. Suffruticose, minutely tomentose-canescent; stems 8-10’ high, branched below, leafy to the top; leaves 6-12” long, 1-12" wide, sessile, linear-obovate, simple or 3-cleft at the apex; heads congested in small terminal corymbs, sub-globose ; involucre cup-shaped, of about 12 oyal or ovate scarious-margined concave scales in two rows; receptacle conical ; florets about 100, all apparently fertile (?); 4-8 of the outer ones pistillate only, and with the truncated corolla contracted and pubescent at the top, the 1 AMIDA, Nurr. Heads 2-6-flowered; rays often none, but sometimes one or two, pistillate and fertile, with a very small cuneate 3-lobed corolla; the other flowers tubular, perfect and fertile; corolla slightly expanded upwards, pubescent, 5-toothed. Involucre obovate-oblong, few-bracted, the scales concaye, carinate, as many as the flowers, and each enclosing an achenium. Receptacle small, naked. Achenia oblong-oboyate, incurved, compressed, slightly angled on the sides, smooth and black, without pappus.—Slender hirsute annuals of Western North America, with the habit and most of the charac- ters of Madia; leaves sessile, linear, entire ; heads in small terminal or axillary clusters, 180 BOTANY. branches of the style exserted and slightly recurved ; remaining florets per- fect, corolla 5-toothed, branches of the style included, truncate and with a few ciliz at the middle of the ends; immature achenia oblong-top-shaped ; pappus none.—With much the appearance of Artemisia cana, but the broad- topped achenia are characteristic of Tanacetum. Whether this is to be re- ferred to the section Spheromeria or not, must be decided by the examina- tion of maturer specimens. Limestone rocks at the mouth of a canon in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 6,500 feet elevation; July. PLATE XIX. Fig. 8. Portion ofa plant; natural size. Fig. 9. Receptacle. Fig. 10. Involueral scale; each enlarged four diameters. Fig. 11. Outer pistillate fertile flower. Fig.12. Inner perfect flower; cach enlarged eight diameters. Fig. 13. Style of perfect flower. Fig. 14. Stamen; each enlarged twelve diameters. (681.) 'TANACETUM DIVERSIFOLIUM. Suffruticose, glabrous, branched from the base; branches 8-15’ high, leafy to the top; leaves 1-2’ long, 3-1” wide, sessile, narrowly linear, 1-nerved, or pinnatifid with 1-4 linear-oblong 1-nerved divisions; heads small, sub-globose, congested or laxly disposed in terminal corymbs; peduncles and involucres puberulent, the latter cup-shaped, of 12-15 oval scarious-margined concave scales; receptacle conical; florets ° 60-70; outer pistillate ones 8-10, with a 8—4-lobed corolla a little shorter than the style; inner perfect ones, 5-lobed branches of the style very mi- nutely penicillate at the broad truncate extremities; achenia oblong, crowned with a slightly elevated ring—A dense much-branched plant, shrubby at the base, in habit not unlike some narrow-leaved ZLinosyris. Central flowers with a rudimentary seed, but possibly infertile. Canons of Cottonwood Creek and American Fork, in the Wahsatch; 6,000 feet elevation; July, August. Prats XIX. Fig. 1. Asingle stem; natural size. Fig. 2. Recep- tacle. Fig. 3. Involucral scale; each enlarged four times. Fig. 4. An outer pistillate fertile flower. Fig.5. An inner perfect flower; each enlarged eight times. Fig. 6. Stamen. Fig. 7. Style of inner flower; each enlarged twelve times. (632.) ARTEMISIA SPINESCENS. (Picrothamnus desertorum, Nutt.) Low, fru- tescent, densely-branched, white-tomentose ; leaves scarcely 3” long, pedately 3-5-parted, the divisions 3-lobed, lobes oblong; heads rather small, globose, in short axillary racemes or spikes, the rachis persistent 2-3 years and spin- escent ; involucral scales 5-6, obovate, obtuse, concave; receptacle small, ay te CATALOGUE. 181 naked; florets densely woolly, the 1—4 outer ones pistillate and fertile, having short truncate obscurely 2—3-toothed corollas, branches of the style exserted, smooth ; achenia oblong-obovate ; inner florets 4-8, perfect but sterile, corollas inflated-funnel-form, 5-toothed, styles undivided, expanded and _ radiately penicillate at the summit.—Plant 4-18’ high, very bitter to the taste. North sources of the Platte, (Nuttall;) Laramie plains, in alkali-flats, (D.C. E.) Abundant in the valleys of Nevada, and also collected on the islands of Great Salt Lake; June. There is no good reason why this should not be an Artemisia, of the section Dracunculus ; the style of the sterile florets is pre- cisely that of A. borealis, caudata, ete., and the other characters are not dis- cordant with the genus. Pirate XIX. Fig. 15. A branchlet; natural size. Fig. 16. A leaf; enlarged two diameters. Fig. 17. An involucral scale ; enlarged four diameters. Fig. 18. An outer pistillate fertile floret. Fig. 19. An inner perfect but sterile floret; each enlarged eight diameters. Fig. 20. A stamen. Fig.21. The style of a perfect floret; each enlarged twelve diameters. (633.) ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES, Pursh. Saskatchewan to California, and Texas; eastward to Illmois. Common throughout Nevada, mostly in the valleys and lower canons, and collected at the City of Rocks in Southeastern Idaho; August—October. (634.) ARTEMISIA FILIFOLIA, Torr. Stems 1-3° high, with slender virgate panicled branches; leaves 1—2’ long, whitish-tomentose, becoming smooth, filiform with revolute edges, the lower ones mostly 3-parted; heads in dense leafy panicles, very small, tomentose, 3-5-flowered ; two florets pistillate and fertile, with short truncate corollas, the rest perfect but sterile, the corollas funnel-form, 5-toothed; styles as in A. spinescens, etce-—Colorado and the plains of the Upper Platte, extending to New Mexico and Arizona. Green River, Utah, (Gunnison.) ARTEMISIA TRIDENTATA, Nutt. Shrubby, 1-6° high, much-branched, branches spreading; leaves crowded, cuneate-oblong, 6-12’ long, usually 3-toothed at the apex, the teeth short and obtuse ; those of the dense com- pound leafy panicles linear and entire ; all finely tomentose-canescent like the branchlets ; heads obovoid, 5—6-flowered ; outer involucral scales tomentose, very short; inner ones longer, scarious; florets all perfect and fertile ; co- rollas funnel-form, 5-toothed, the proper tube very short; styles 2-cleft, the branches widened slightly upward, truncate and somewhat penicillate—A 182 BOTANY. pale greenish shrub, with ragged fibrous bark and a strong aromatic smell, the ‘ sage-brush” of the West, covering hundreds of square miles in the plains and on the foot-hills of Nevada and Utah, found more sparingly in the mountains to their summits, and extending from Oregon to Arizona, and as far east as the mountains of Colorado; 4—10,000 feet altitude ; Septem- ber. (635.) ARTEMISIA ARBUSCULA, Nutt. Dwarf, shrubby, canescent; stems 3-6’ high; leaves narrowly cuneate, 4-5” long, deeply 3-cleft, the side divisions often 2—3-lobed ; heads ovoid, sessile singly or in small clusters along a sim- ple or sparingly-branched rachis ; involucre of oval tomentose imbricated scales, the outer ones shortest, inner more scarious ; florets about 8, all per- fect and fertile, the corollas a little more slender than in the last, and the styles similar—Arid plains of Snake River, (Nuttall ;) Colorado, (Vasey, 308.) On a peak in the East Humboldt Mountains ; 9,000 feet elevation ; August. (636.) ARTEMISIA TRIFIDA, Nutt. Shrubby, 6-18’ high, canescent; leaves narrowly cuneate, 3- or rarely 4—5-cleft, the lobes linear or oblong, obtuse ; heads narrowly obovoid, arranged in small peduncled clusters forming a nar- row elongated panicle; involucral scales imbricated; the outer scales oval, tomentose; inner ones obovate, scarious ; florets about 38, all perfect and: fer- tile ; corollas and styles as in the last—A taller and more slender plant than A. arbuscula, with more compound inflorescence, narrower heads, and fewer florets—3 in all the heads examined, though said to be 8 by Torrey and Gray; possibly a misprint; for Nuttall says of A. arbuscula, ‘‘ Capituli twice as large” as in A. ¢trifida. Washington Territory; Oregon and California. Scattered throughout Northern Nevada, often in company with A. tridentata, which it greatly resembles in habit, though smaller, and sometimes itself covering large areas ; 5—8,000 feet elevation ; August, September. (637.) ARTEMISIA POTENTILLOIDES, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad., 6. 551. Silky- canescent, many-stemmed from a perennial woody caudex ; stems herbaceous ; 9-12’ high; radical and lower leaves 2-3’ long, 2—3-pinnately cleft, the nu- merous linear divisions 2-4” long and 4” wide; upper leaves gradually smaller, simply pinnatifid with linear obovate divisions ; uppermost simple and bract-like ; heads 8-6, corymbose, hemispherical, 83-4” broad ; involucre cup- shaped, of about 10 equal obovate scales with hyaline edges ; receptacle con- vex, very hirsute; florets exceedingly numerous, all alike, perfect and fertile; CATALOGUE. 183 corollas obconic; branches of the style truncate and penicillate—Carson City, (Anderson, 229!) In the very hirsute receptacle this plant recedes from the character of Sertphidium, in which section it is placed by Dr. Gray. The filaments are considerably dilated just below the anthers, asif the con- nective were produced below the anther-cells. ARTEMISIA DISCOLOR, Dougl. Suffruticose ; stems 1-2° high, glabrous, simple below; leaves 1-3’ long, mostly smooth above, beneath paler and webby tomentose, pinnately lobed with lanceolate pointed entire or sparingly toothed segments, the edges revolute; heads sub-globose, 14-2” broad, dis- posed in an elongated virgate raceme or strict panicle; involucre at. first to- mentose, cup-shaped ; the outer scales ovate; inner ones oyal, with hyaline ciliate-fringed margins ; receptacle smooth; florets numerous; a few of the outer ones pistillate, fertile, with very slender corollas, and smooth branches of the style; the rest perfect, fertile, with funnel-form corollas, and trun- cate penicillate styles—Subarctic America and the Saskatchewan, to Ore- gon, California, and New Mexico. Hast and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch near Parley’s Park; 79,000 feet altitude ; July-September. (638.) Artemisia Lupovicrana, Nutt. Saskatchewan to Oregon, California, and Arizona, and eastward as far as Illinois and Michigan, appearing under a great variety of forms. Common throughout Nevada and Utah, but con- fined to the stream-banks and valleys, at 4-6,500 feet elevation; August— October. The specimens collected illustrate three principal forms, viz :-— Var. Doverastana. (A. Douglasiana, T. §& G.) White-tomentose throughout; leaves long-lanceolate, acute, entire; panicle ample; heads rather large. (639.) Var. tatiroia, T.& G. Tomentose-canescent ; leaves elliptical-lance- olate, rather short; heads middle-sized. (640.) Var. LATILoBA, Nutt. Leaves mostly pinnatifid or trifid, the lobes and the upper leaves broadly lanceolate ; the upper surface commonly less tom- entose than the lower, or even becoming smooth; heads middle-sized or rather large. (641.) Artemisia prennis, Willd. Northern British America to Ohio, and westward to California; now naturalized about Buffalo, Philadelphia, and Staten Island, N. Y. Common in the mountain canons of Nevada; 5—6,000 feet elevation; September. (642.) 184 BOTANY. Artemisia FRIGIDA, Willd. Wisconsin to the Saskatchewan and Wash- ington Territory, and along the mountains eastward to New Mexico. East Humboldt Mountains, on a ridge 8,000 feet high, and in the Bear River bottom near Evanston, at 6,000 feet elevation; July, August. (643.) ARTEMISIA SCoPULORUM, Gray. Proc. Acad. Phila., March, 1863, p. 66. Crespitose ; caudex creeping, scaly with vestiges of former leaves; stems 3-8’ high, simple; leaves, like the stem, silky-hairy ; the radical ones 1-2! long, bipinnately cleft into a few very narrow linear divisions ; upper ones gradually smaller and simpler, passing into linear bracts ; heads hemispher- ical, 2-3” broad, short-stalked, forming a spike or raceme interrupted be- low ; involucral scales oval, villous on the back, and having a broad scarious dark-brown or blackish border; receptacle very villous with hairs as long as the florets; florets 18-30; a very few of the outer ones with imperfect corollas, pistillate, fertile; the others perfect and fertile, with funnel-form corollas.—Colorado, (41 Parry in 1862, 299 Hall & Harbour, 313 Vasey.) Uinta Mountains, Bear River Canon, in a rocky gorge and by an alpine lake ; 10-12,000 feet altitude; August. (644.) GNAPHALIUM LUTEO-ALBUM, L., Var. SprenNGELI. (G‘. Sprengelii, Hook. & Arn.) Annual, whitened with loose wool; stems 6-30’ high, simple below, corymbose with long branches toward the summit, (sometimes unbranched ;) leaves slightly decurrent ; lower ones 2-3’ long, linear spatulate, obtuse ; upper ones linear-lanceolate, acute; heads clustered ; involucral scales shin- ing, yellowish-white, scarious, oblong-ovate, rather obtuse ; pistillate florets very numerous, in several rows outside of the perfect ones; achenia 3 larger and smoother than in the European plant.—Oregon and California, to New Mexico and Texas. Banks of the Truckee River and in Humboldt Pass, Nevada, and by a ditch in a meadow in Utah Valley; 4—6,000 feet elevation ; August, September. (645.) GNAPHALIUM PALUSTRE, Nutt. Low, 1-9’ high, white-floccose; stems several or many, from an annual fibrous root, ascending, branched; leaves spatulate-oblong or oblong-linear, 8-12” long, 2-2” broad, the lower ones narrowed at the base ; heads in small very woolly and leafy terminal and axil- lary clusters ; involucral scales linear, rather obtuse, the base greenish, hid- den in wool, the upper part scarious, white or brownish-white ; florets nu- merous, a few only of the central ones perfect; achenia smooth or very minutely scabrous.--Oregon and California to Wyoming and New Mexico ; CATALOGUE. 185 Virginia City, (Bloomer.) Common in wet places throughout Nevada, and probably through Utah, though collected only in Parley’s Park; 4—8,500 feet elevation; June-September. Very much like the Eastern G. ulig- tnosum, but has broader leaves and is more densely woolly. (646.) ANTENNARIA MARGARITACEA, R. Br. Canada and Newfoundland, south- ward along the Alleghanies, and westward to Alaska, Oregon, and Califor- mia. Cottonwood Canon in the Wahsatch; 6,000 feet elevation; July. (647.) ANTENNARIA Carparuica, R. Br. Czespitose; stems simple, the ster- ile ones not stoloniferous ; radical leaves narrowly oblanceolate, acute, 3- nerved, villous-tomentose on both surfaces; upper leaves gradually smaller ; heads in a capitate terminal corymb; involucre woolly at the base, the scales brownish, with paler crisped and scarious shining tips, more acute in the fertile than in the sterile heads—Arctic America to Labrador and the Sas- katchewan. Wet mountain-side in the Havallah range, Nevada; 7,000 feet elevation; June. Plant usually 4-6’ high. (648.) Var. puLcHERRIMA, Hook. Considerably taller than the typical form, (9-8’ high,) silvery-tomentose; corymb rather lax; involucral scales of firmer texture, the tips white, not crisped—Swamps among the Rocky Mountains of British America; Colorado, (Hall & Harbour.) East Hum- boldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada; 9—-9,500 feet elevation; August, Sep- tember. (649.) ANTENNARIA ALPINA, Geertn. Cespitose, producing stoloniferous flower- less stems; flowering stems 2-8’ high, simple; leaves 6-9” long, white- tomentose, the radical ones spatulate, the cauline linear; heads 3-7, nearly sessile in capitate clusters; involucre somewhat woolly at the base, the scales olivaceous with paler and erosely-denticulate narrowed tips, rather obtuse in the sterile heads, but acute in the fertile; pappus of the sterile flowers strongly clayate——Arctic America to Labrador, Alaska, California, and Col- orado; Greenland, Norway, &c., but not in the Alps. East Humboldt Mountains, and at the head of Bear River in the Uintas, often by the shores of small lakes ; 9-10,000 feet elevation; August. (650.) ANTENNARIA DIorcA, Gertn. In habit very similar to the last, but the leayes sometimes becoming smoothish on the upper surface, clusters more lax, and heads often more numerous; involucral scales broader and firmer, the lips ochroleucous or white, but varying to rose color and to olivaceous ; 24 f= PD for) BOTANY. outer scales very obtuse, the innermost narrower and rather acute.—Arctic America, and from Newfoundland and Labrador to California ; mountainous parts of Europe and Northern Asia. In Nevada and Utah, from the Haval- lah Mountains to the Uintas; 6,000-10,000 feet elevation. (651;) and Var. ROSEA, (652.) ANTENNARTA pDimorPHA, T. & G. Dwarf, cxespitose; stems 3-2’ high from a somewhat woody entangled caudex; leaves 2-12” long, silvery- tomentose ; the radical spatulate,. their bases inclosing large ovoid-fusiform white-woolly leaf-buds; stem-leaves linear, the uppermost exceeding the solitary top-shaped heads; sterile heads with ovyate-lanceolate scarious brown- ish inyolucral scales, the outer ones shorter and woolly at the base, pappus strongly barbellate toward the ends; fertile heads larger, the inner involu- cral scales Janceolate-acuminate, equaling the very slender and nearly smooth sete of the pappus—Two forms occur :— Var. Nurrauuir Stems 4-6” high; leaves proportionately small; fer- tile heads 3-4” long; styles slightly exserted. (653.) Var. MACROCEPHALA. Stems 8-15" high; leaves often 1’ long, very silky, and the pod-like buds very large; fertile heads 7-9" long; styles sometimes exserted, but often only half as long as the corolla. (654.) Both forms oecur on the foot-hills from the Sierras to the Wahsatch, at 4,500-6,000 feet elevation; May, June. The smaller form was collected near Virginia City by Bloomer, and in the Black Hills of the Platte by Nuttall. ARNICA LoNGIFOLIA. Many-stemmed from a scaly caudex, minutely scabrous-puberulent; leaves in 5-6 pairs, elongated, lanceolate, acuminate, denticulate, the upper pairs sessile and slightly connate-amplexicaul, the lower with sheathing connate petioles; heads 1-8, commonly 5, not large; involucral scales lanceolate, acute; achenia minutely glandular, but not hispid—Stems 14-24’ high; leaves 5-6’ long, 7-10" broad, the very lowest reduced to ocreate scales. In dense clumps among rocks, Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas above Bear River Canon; 10,000 feet altitude; August, September. (655.) ARNICA ANGUSTIFOLIA, Vahl. Hirsute or hairy; leaves lanceolate, 3-5- ribbed, entire or remotely denticulate, radical ones and the lowest pair taper- ing into short petioles; cauline in 1-3 pairs, sessile; heads 1-3; involucre villous-hirsute, [woolly, 7. §& G.;] achenia hirsute-—Arctic America and CATALOGUE. 187 Greenland, and from Labrador to Alaska, and southward to Colorado and California. Havallah range, Nevada; 5,000 feet elevation; June. (656.) Arnica Cramissonis, Lessing. Hirsute-canescent ; leaves oblong-lance- olate, acute or rather obtuse, entire, rarely slightly denticulate, 3-5-nerved ; radical and lower cauline ones narrowed into short petioles, the rest (2-6 pairs) sessile ; heads smaller than in the last; involucres finely villous-pubes- cent ; achenia minutely hirsute—Very near the last, into which Dr. Gray (Pl. Hall & Harbour, p 68) admits that it passes, but it is more leafy, and the leaves are paler or somewhat canescent. Both these species are united with dA. montana in Dr. Hooker's ‘ Distribution of Arctic Plants.” Sub- arctic America and Alaska to the Saskatchewan; Oregon; California and Colorado; Carson City, Anderson. On the Truckee River, Nevada, and in Parley’s Park and Bear River Canon, Utah; 4-8,000 feet elevation ; July. (657.) Arnica MoLLIs, Hook. Mountains of New Hampshire and Northern New York; Lake Superior, and Rocky Mountains of British America to Colorado and California. A. amplexicaulis, Nutt., from Oregon differs in scarcely any respect. East Humboldt Mountains and Uintas, 6,500-10,000 feet elevation; July, August. (658.) ARNICA LATIFOLIA, Bongard. Slightly hirsute-pubescent; stems nearly 1° high from a slender, creeping caudex ; leaves thin, ovate, acute, coarsely and sharply toothed ; the radical on long slender petioles ; the cauline in 2-3 pairs, all but the lowest closely sessile by a cordate base; heads solitary, or with 1—2 additional ones from the uppermost axils; involucre hairy at the base, glandular above, the scales lanceolate, acute; achenia nearly smooth.-— Alaska to Oregon, California, Utah, and the mountains of Colorado. Wah- satch Mountains ; 9-9,500 feet elevation; July. (659.) ARNICA CORDIFOLIA, Hook. Woolly-pubescent, in age becoming nearly smooth; caudex slender, creeping; stems 6-14’ high; leaves thin, ovate, entire, denticulate or even sharply toothed; the radical ones roundish, deeply cordate, obtuse, on slender petioles; the cauline in 1-3 pairs, on shorter petioles, less deeply cordate and more acute; the highest pair sessile; heads 1-3, on long peduncles, rather large; involucres villous-pubescent, the scales lanceolate, acute ; achenia hirsute-pubescent.—Saskatchewan to Oregon and Colorado; California, (Var. discoidea, Gray.) Frequent in the Kast 188 BOTANY. Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas ; 7-10,500 feet elevation; June-September. (660.) Senecio LuGeNs, Richardson. Perennial, white-tomentose, deciduously lanate, or nearly smooth; stems 6’—2° high, often several from one root; leaves toothed or denticulate with gland-tipped teeth, sometimes entire, ob- scurely veined, 2-5’ long, 6-12” wide; the radical obovate or spatulate, obtuse, narrowed into a petiole; the cauline sessile and partly clasping, grad- ually becoming lanceolate and passing into subulate bracts ; corymb open or dense; heads rather large; involucre with a few bractlets at the base, (calyc- wlate,) the scales linear-lanceolate, acute, the tips usually blackish and seem- ingly withering, (sphacelate;) rays 10-12, twice as long as the involucre ; achenia glabrous—Occurring in one form or another from Arctic America to Oregon and California, and eastward to the Saskatchewan and the mountains of Colorado. Referred to the European and Asiatic S. campestris, DC., hy Dr. Hooker. The numerous specimens examined may be arranged in three leading forms or varieties :— Var. Hooxerr. (S. dugens, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am., 1. 882, ¢t.114.) “ De- ciduously tomentose or naked, simple; leaves entire, glandular toothed ; rad- ical oblong-subspatulate, cauline lanceolate, acute, somewhat clasping; corymb dense ; scales of the involucre conspicuously sphacelate.” Hook, ¢.c.—Varies with the leaves broader or narrower, and the corymb more lax and open. Hall & Harbour’s 316 and Bolander’s 5063 represent this form. From the vicinity of Salt Lake City to the Uintas near Bear River, frequent ; 4,500- 10,000 feet elevation; May—August. (661.) Var. Parryr. Nearly glabrous, though at first slightly webby; leaves mostly not toothed, rather broad; involucral scales scarcely or not at all blackened at the tips—Parry’s 21, Hall & Harbours 326, Vasey’s 332, are examples of this form. Frequent from the base of the Sierras to the East Humboldt Mountains; 4,500—-9,000 feet elevation; May—August. (662.) Var. EXALTATUS. Stem and corymb densely webby-tomentose ; leaves ample, more or less whitened, finely glandular-denticulate or entire; heads small, in a dense compound somewhat umbel-like corymb ; scales of the invo- luere with a dark mid-vein, and the ends somewhat blackened.—One of the forms of SN. exaltatus, Nutt., fide Gray, Pl. Hall §& Harbour, p. 64. Colorado, (Parry, 23! Hall & Harbour, 325! Vasey, 335!) New Mexico, (Fendler.) CATALOGUE. 189 Uintas, on a ridge above Bear River Canton; 9,000 feet elevation; Au- gust. (663.) SenEcIO HypDRoPHILUS, Nutt. Perennial, glabrous; stem solitary, sim- ple, striate, 2-8° high; leaves thickish, broadly lanceolate, acute, entire or obscurely repand-denticulate, the midrib very broad; lower ones 6-7’ long, 13-2’ broad, narrowed into a short petiole dilated at the base and clasping; upper ones gradually smaller, sessile, partly clasping ; heads small, in a rather dense compound nearly naked corymb; involucres obscurely calyculate ; the scales lanceolate with a minute blackened point; rays small, 5-6; achenia glabrous.— Wyoming and Colorado to California; Valley of Great Salt Lake, (Stansbury.) Wet meadows in Ruby Valley, Nevada, in Parley’s Park, and at the head of Echo Canon in the Wahsatch; 6—7,000 feet elevation ; July-September. (664.) SENECIO TRIANGULARIS, Hook. Glabrous; stems 2—4° high, simple, striate, leafy, 3-4 growing from one root; leaves 3-5’ long, 14-3’ wide, deltoid-ovate or triangular-lanceolate, sharply and unequally repand-dentate or cut-toothed, acute, truncate or subcordate at the base, all but the upper- most on slender, often winged, petioles; heads rather large, 6” long, few in a loose or sometimes fastigiate corymb; involucres subcylindraceous, with a few linear-subulate bractlets at the base, the scales about 15, lanceolate with sphacelate tips; rays 6-9, (10-12, 7. & G.,) less than twice as-long as the involucre ; achenia striate, glabrous—Alaska to California, Saskatchewan and Colorado. Banks of creeks and wet places, East Humboldt Mountains and Uintas; 7—8,000 feet elevation; July, August. (665.) Senecio Anpinus, Nutt. Glabrous; stems many from one root, 2—4° fi high, simple, striate, very leafy; leaves 3-5’ long, 3-10 wide, linear- lanceolate, acute at both ends, serrulate, often sharply so; upper ones sessile ; lower ones short-petioled ; heads 4” long, very numerous in panicled corymbs ; involucres calyculate with small subulate bractlets; rays 5-8, disk-flowers 12-20; achenia glabrous—S. Serra has fewer and larger heads, as in VS. ¢tr7- angularis, and the leaves are sharply serrate with incurved teeth Oregon to Southern Idaho and “Rocky Mountains at 41°,” (Nuttall!) Near Carson City, Nevada, (Anderson!) Banks ef streams, Havallah and East Humboldt Mountains, and along the eastern base of the Wahsatch; 5,500-8,000 feet elevation; June-August. (666.) Senecio aureus, L. The typical form, with roundish-ovate cordaet 190 BOTANY. crenately-serrate radical leaves, and the cauline ones lyrate or lanceolate, pin- nately toothed and cleft. British America, and the Northern United States to Nevada and California. East Humboldt Mountains; 6,500-9,000 feet ele- vation; August. (667. Var. opovatus, T. & G. Radical leaves roundish-obovate or broadly spatulate, toothed or serrated —Throughout British America and the United States to Virginia, and westward to Nevada. Smooth forms; plant rather low. Pah-Ute range, Ruby Valley, and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada ; 5—9,000 feet elevation. (668.) Also a lanuginous form, mostly taller, 15-20' high. Wahsatch Mountains; 8,000 feet elevation ; June-August. (669.) Var. porEALIS, T. & G. Smooth; radical leaves thickish, obovate or spatulate, entire or crenulate-toothed at the apex only—Arctic America, and along the Rocky Mountains to New Mexico. Ruby and Goose Creek Valleys, Nevada; 6-6,500 feet elevation ; July-September. (670.) Var. croceus, Gray. Proc. Acad. Phil, March, 1863, p. 68. Smooth ; radical leaves roundish-oval, more or less crenately toothed, cauline ample ; corymb rather compact; rays saffron-yellow.—Mountains of Colorado. City Creek Canon, Wahsatch, and Bear River Canon, Uintas; 6-8,000 feet eleva- tion; May—August. (671.) Senecio cAnus, Hook. Whitish-tomentose throughout; stems tufted, 2-12’ high; radical leaves obovate, obtuse, narrowed into short petioles; the cauline sessile, lanceolate, pinnately cleft, or with a few teeth near the base, rarely entire; heads rather large, few in a simple corymb; involucre nearly ecalyculate ; rays 8-12, not twice as long as the involucre ; achenia glabrous.— Saskatchewan to Oregon and California, the Upper Missouri and Colorado. Peaks of East Humboldt Mountains, and of the Uintas; 9-12,500 feet altitude; July, August. Dwarf alpine forms, 2-4 high, like Brewer's 1905. (672.) Var. ERADIATUS. Rays none; radical leaves few-toothed at the apex, cauline nearly entire—Plant 4’ high. Top of a high peak in the East Hum- boldt Mountains; 10,000 feet elevation; August. (673.) Senecio Fenpueri, Gray. Pd. Fendi. 108. Perennial, webby-canescent, at length nearly smooth; stems a foot high or less, solitary or few from a single tap-root, leafy, corymbose at the summit; leaves obovate-oblong, deeply lyrate-pinnatifid, the lower and radical ones narrowed into a short wingless petiole; upper ones sessile; segments cuneate-oblong, numerous, incisely ‘ATALOGUE. 191 toothed or 2—3-lobed, terminal one on the lower leaves often roundish and coarsely toothed ; heads many in a compound corymb ; inyolucres bell-shaped, almost ecalyculate; the scales glabrous, 12-15, 3” long; rays 7-12, 4-5” long; achenia glabrous.—Forms with the leaves less incised approach S. aureus, and those with much incised leaves resemble S. mudtilobatus, but the plant is smaller, has fewer stems, and is almost always somewhat webby- tomentose. New Mexico, Utah and Nevada. Frequent from the West to the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas ; 5-9,000 feet elevation; May—August. (674.) Smnecro muttiLopatus, T.& G. Pl. Fendi. 109. ‘Annual or biennial, [and probably sometimes perennial, webby pubescent but] very soon glabrous; stems very many, a foot high, simple, corymbose at the summit; leaves some- what fleshy, the primary ones spatulate, often entire; later ones all pinnately 9-21-parted; lower ones long-petioled, the uppermost sessile, the base scarcely or not at all auriculate ; segments cuneate-oblong, incisely toothed or 2—3-lobed at the apex ; corymb dense, the heads numerous; involucre nearly ecalyculate, of 12-14 scales; rays 5-6, oblong; disk-flowers 20-30; achenia strigosely puberwlent—Abundant on the Uinta River, (Frémont.) Common on the foot-hills about Salt Lake City and in the lower canons of the Wah- satch; also on Antelope Island; 4,500-6,000 feet elevation; June. The specimens collected were apparently perennial; the rays are 7~8, and the achenia quite glabrous, and strongly striated lengthwise. The plant grows in dense clumps. (675.) SENECIO Fittrouius, Nutt. Perennial, suffruticose, densely webby- canescent or glabrous; stems a foot or more high, leafy; leaves pinnately parted, the divisions 3-9, narrowly linear, 6-15" long, 1” ‘wide, the margins revolute; heads in a terminal corymb, rather large; involucre somewhat ealyculate; rays 7—8, linear, rather long; achenia canescently strigose— From the Upper Missouri to New Mexico and California. Green River, Utah, (Stansbury.) SENECIO EREMOPHILUS, Richardson. Perennial, glabrous; stems striate, numerous, 2—3° high, corymbosely branching toward the summit, leafy ; leaves short-petioled, 2—3’ long, 6-12” wide, the lower ones sometimes much larger, oblong-lanceolate, deeply incised with unequal ovate-lanceolate toothed segments; heads many, in compound corymbs; inyolucres cylindrical-bell- shaped, calyculate with a few long spreading bractlets ; scales often black- 192 BOTANY. tipped and sphacelate; rays 7-9, rather long; achenia striate, glabrous.— Mackenzie River to the Saskatchewan, and southward to Colorado and New Mexico. Near Salt Lake City, (Mrs. Carrington, fide Durand.) Canons of the Wahsatch and Uintas ; 6—-9,000 feet altitude; July, August. (676.) Senecio Fremontu, T. & G. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phil., March, 1863, p. 67. Perennial, glabrous; stems 1-several, 8-15’ high, leafy to the top; leaves sessile, oblong or spatulate-obovate, somewhat fleshy, laciniately toothed or obscurely dentate ; upper ones 9/’—2' long, lower ones gradually smaller ; heads short-peduncled, erect, solitary or few and corymbose; inyolucre bell- shaped, 4-6” long, scarcely calyculate; rays 10-16, one-half longer than the involucre; achenia glabrous, (puberulent, Gvay.)—Wyoming and. Colorado, in high alpine regions; also in the Rocky Mountains in 49° north latitude, (Dr. Lyall.) Cottonwood Caton, Wahsatch, and in the Uintas above Bear River Canon ; 8-12,000 feet elevation; July, August. Plants much branched from the base, and with leayes much smaller than those of the Colorado speci- mens of Parry, Hall & Harbour, &c. (677.) SENECIO AMPLECTENS, Gray. Proc. Acad. Phil., March, 1863, p. 77. “Deciduously floecose-woolly, soon glabrate; stem 6-18’ high from a peren- nial root, naked toward the summit, and bearing 1-3 heads; leaves membra- naceous, oblong or tongue-shaped, repand or yery sharply serrate, sometimes slightly laciniate, lowest ones narrowed at the base or contracted into a winged petiole; upper ones sessile, partly clasping by a sometimes dilated base; heads nodding on slender peduncles; involucre lax, calyculate; the golden rays linear, elongated, 1-2’ long; achenia perfectly glabrous.”— Mountains of Colorado, (Parry! Hall & Harbour! Vasey!) Var. raraxt- compEs, Gray, 2c. “Truly alpine; stems 4-5’ high, bearing single heads, which are smaller and less nodding; rays about half an inch long; leaves all narrowed at the base, more or less laciniate.”—Bare alpine regions of the Colo- rado peaks, (Parry, 28!) Rocks below Clover Peak, Nevada; 10,000 feet elevation ; September. Plants 5-7’ high, with much larger leaves than Par- ry’s, and the rays very scantily developed. One form has laciniately-toothed leaves, (678,) and in another the leayes are entire, or at most obscurely den- ticulate. (679.) Psatuyrotes' annua, Gray. Pl. Wright. 2.100; Proc. Amer. Acad. 1. 1PSATHYROTES, Gray, l.c. Heads many-flowered, the flowers all alike, perfect, fertile. Corol- las cylindrical with a very short proper tube, 5-toothed, the teeth short and very obtuse, villous exteriorly. Involucre of two rows of scales as long as the disk. Receptacle naked, flat or conyex. Anthers linear, ‘ATALOGUE. 193 363. Scurfy-pubescent and mealy ; leaves broadly triangular, the lower ones somewhat reniform, irregularly dentate, 3-6’ long and broad; heads axillary or subcorymbose, at length nodding; inyolucral scales in two rows, 5 outer subfoliaceous lanceoiate and persistent, and 12-15 inner scarious 2—4-nerved deciduous ones; corolla very slender, the apex pubescent with a few long crisped webby hairs; achenia very villous, the hairs rather rigid and often slightly bifid at the extremity —A low branching whitish herb, with the look of Obione argentea. New Mexico to California; Humboldt Plains, Nevada, (Torrey.) Carson Desert, and near Hot Springs in the Hot Spring Mount- ains, Nevada; 44,500 feet elevation; July, August. (680.) Terrapymra! canescens, DC. Densely white-tomentose; leaves linear, 6-12" long and about 1” wide, rigid, mucronate, but not spinescent, axillary fascicles of smaller leaves none; heads racemose-corymbed ; inyolucre 5-6” long, of 4 oblong obtuse carinate scales; florets 4; achenia sparingly villous with soft short hairs, soon becoming nearly smooth.—Shrubby, forming a densely branched bush 1-3° high, the main stem often 2/ thick at the base. The same habit is common to all the genus.—British Columbia, Oregon and California; Mt. Davidson, (Bloomer.) Virginia, Truckee and East Humboldt Mountains; 6—9,000 feet elevation; July, August. (681.) Var. INERMIS, Gray. (7. inermis, Nutt.) Leaves shorter, acute, but scarcely mucronate; heads smaller; involucral scales 2-4” long—Southern Oregon to Wyoming, Colorado and New Mexico; Western Nevada, (Ander- son, Bloomer.) Toyabe Range, Huntington and Ruby Valleys, Nevada, and Silver Creek Canon, near Parley’s Park, Utah, on dry hillsides; 6—7,000 feet elevation. (682.) TETRADYMIA GLABRATA, T.&G. Pac. Rk. R. Rep. 2.122, ¢.5. Branches white-tomentose ; leaves soon glabrate, somewhat fleshy ; primary ones erect, the connective with an ovate acute point, and the cells slightly produced at the base. Style included, the branches short, stigmatic to the summit, and crowned with a very short truncate villous appendage. Achenia obiong or top-shaped, densely villous. Pappus of numerous unequal slightly scabrous rather rigid bristles, the longest half the length of the corolla.—Low heavy-scented annuals or biennials, viscid or mealy-pubescent, with alternate petioled leaves and yellow flowers. Natives of New Mexico, Califor- nia, &e. 'TETRADYMIA, DC. Heads 4-flowered, (in one species 5-9-flowered ;) the flowers all tubular, perfect and fertile; the corollas funnelform with a long slender tube, deeply 5-lobed, the linear lobes slightly recurved. Invyolucre of 4 (rarely 5-6) subequal concave-carinate rigid oblong scales. Receptacle very small, naked. Anthers linear, exserted. Branches of the style linear, with very short ovate obtuse pubescent appendages. Achenia oblong-linear, villous or glabrate. Pappus copious, of very fine unequal capillary denticulate filaments as long as the tube of the corolla.—Low much-branched shrubs, of Oregon, California, New Mexico, &c.; often densely white-tomentose, with small rigid linear or subulate sessile alternate leayes, the primary ones often becoming spiny. Heads rather large, solitary on short branch- lets, or forming small terminal and subterminal clusters; flowers yellow. 25 194 BOTANY. 3-5” long, &’ wide, linear-subulate, mucronate, producing the next year from their axils fascicled shorter obtuse ericoid leaves; heads corymbose ; involu- cres of 4 whitish-pubescent or glabrate scales about 4” long; florets 4; ache- mia villous, the hairs much shorter than the pappus.—Sierras of California, (Beckwith ;) Carson City, (Anderson.) In the Pah-Ute range and Unionville and Monitor Valleys, Nevada, and Carrington Island, Great Salt Lake, on dry foot-hills; 5-5,500 feet elevation; June, July. This species is best dis- tinguished by the very weak erect primary leaves, and the glabrate fascicled secondary ones. (683.) Terrapyaua Nurrattu, T. & G. White-tomentose ; primary leaves spreading, rigid and spiny, 6” long, bearing in their axils the next season fasci- cles of spatulate obtuse shorter and broader canescent-tomentose secondary ones; heads corymbose; involucral scales and flowers mostly 4, the former about 4” long; achenia villous—Plains of the Snake River, Idaho, and on Harris’s Fork, Utah, (Nuttall!) Shore of Great Salt Lake, (Stansbury.) Stansbury Island; 4,500 feet elevation; June. (684.) Terrapymra spinosa, H. & A. Branches, involucres and the recurved- spreading rather stout spiny primary leaves densely white-tomentose ; second- ary leaves fascicled, much smaller than the spines, linear, obtuse, fleshy, glabrous and ericoid; heads solitary or racemose, rather large; involucral seales 5-6; florets 5-9; achenia densely silky-villous, the denticulate hairs quite as long as the pappus.——Southern Idaho, (Tolmie, Nuttall! Burke !) Southern California, near Fort Mohave, (Dr. Cooper!) Truckee and Trinity Mountains, and Unionville Valley, Nevada; 4,500-5,000 feet elevation; May, June. (685.) Cirsium UNDULATUM, Spreng. Islands of Lake Huron to Oregon and California, and southward to Texas and New Mexico; Carson City, (Ander- son;) Stansbury Island, (Stansbury.) Throughout Nevada and Utah; the commonest white-leaved thistle of the foot-hills and lower mountain-sides ; 5-8,500 feet elevation; June-August. (686.) Var. ALBEScENS. Flowers pale yellowish-white-—Shore of Stansbury Island; 4,300 feet elevation; June. (687.) Cirsium Fouiosum, DC. (C. edule, Nutt.) Stem erect, branched toward the top, stout, striate, and somewhat woolly; leaves loosely webby on both surfaces, elongated, 6-11’ long, not over 1’ wide, irregularly sinuate-toothed, the teeth triangular, and the veinlets ending in strong stramineous spines ; CATALOGUE. 195 heads large, “glomerate in the axils of the uppermost leaves,” or peduncled ; involucral scales linear-lanceolate, appressed, spine-tipped, arachnoid-tomen- tose; rays purplish.—This is not nearly so white a plant as C. undulatum ; the leaves are much narrower and more prickly, and the involucre more arach- noid. The present specimens have naked long-peduncled heads, and in this respect differ from the type as originally characterized. Mountains of British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho. Colorado, (Parry 34, Hall & Harbour 340, and 341, white-flowered.) From the West to the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 5,500-7,000 feet elevation; June, July. (688.) Cirsium Couttert, Harvey & Gray. Pl. Fendl.110. ‘' Webby-tomen- tose; stem branching; stem-leaves oblong-lanceolate, partly clasping, loosely webby above, the edges wavy or sinuate; heads very large, solitary, not bracted at the base; involucre exceedingly arachnoid-woolly, the scales loosely imbricated, straight, at length spreading, all of them oblong or lanceolate from a short base, gradually narrowed into a long cuspidate needle-like point.— Heads nearly 2’ broad; flowers deep crimson; leaves much like those of C. undulatum, but not so deeply lobed. California, (Coulter, Brewer! Bridges, 268!) Carson City, Nevada, (Anderson !) Cirstum Drummonpu, T. & G. Stemless, or with simple stems 1-2° high, glabrous or very sparingly and deciduously webby ; leaves green and smooth above, paler and sometimes slightly webby beneath; radical ones oblanceolate or spatulate, the primary ones entire with ciliate-spinulose mar- gins, later ones and the stem-leaves pinnately toothed or incised, often doubly so, and spiny with weak slender prickles; heads 1-4, sessile or short-stalked, surrounded either by the radical leaves or by a circle of leaves at the top of the stem; involucres glabrous, the scales triangular-lanceolate, appressed, tipped with weak prickles; flowers “red” or purplish—There are two forms, differing only in the presence or lack of a stem, and even in this respect they pass into each other. (a.) The caulescent form. Saskatchewan and Rocky Mountains of British America; Colorado, (Hall & Harbour, 343.) Hum- boldt Valley, meadows in the Toyabe Mountains, and in Bear River Carion ; 5-8,000 feet elevation. (689.) (6.) The acaulescent form ; (C. acaule, Var. Americanum, Gray. Proc. Acad. Phil., March, 1868, p. 68.) Colorado (Hall & Harbour, 339! Vasey, 349!) to California (Brewer!) and Oregon (Kronkhite!) Carson City, Nevada, (Anderson, 91!) Ruby and Thousand 196 30TANY. Spring Valleys, Nevada, and Bear River Canon; 6-8,000 feet elevation ; July-September. (690.) CirstuM ERIOCEPHALUM, Gray. Proc. Acad. Phil., March, 1863, p. 69. Stem 1—2° high, simple, leafy, deciduously arachnoid-tomentose ; leaves nearly smooth above, paler and webby beneath, far decurrent, linear, pinnatifid with very numerous and crowded short very spiny lobes ; heads several, sessile in a dense terminal cluster, involucrate with very spiny foliaceous bracts, which pass gradually into spinulose-ciliite spine-tipped involucral scales ; immermost scales entire, spine-tipped ; flowers yellow——Alpine regions of the peaks of Colorado, (Parry, Hall & Harbour, Vasey 348.) Var. LEIoceEPHALUM. Leaves smooth on both sides; heads very prickly, but entire destitute of wool or pu- bescence ; otherwise as in the type-—An intermediate form was collected in Colorado by Hall & Harbour. Cottonwood Canon, Wahsatch, and in the Uintas on a high divide at the head of Bear River; 8-10,500 feet elevation ; July, August. (691.) CaLats' LINEARIFOLIA, DC. Scapes simple, 5-14’ high; leaves at first softly pubescent and ciliate, linear-acuminate, entire or laciniately pinnatifid with a few linear lobes; involucre of 9-12 unequal smooth lanceolate scales ; achenia 5” long, linear-fusiform, short-beaked ; scales of the pappus 5, linear- lanceolate, equaling the achenium, the apex bifid, and the midrib produced into a slender awn much shorter than the scale-—California to New Mexico and Chihuahua. Washoe Valley, Trinity and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and Stansbury Island; 4-5,000 feet elevation; May, June. (692.) Cauais MAcCRocHazTA, Gray.(?) Pd. Fendi. 112. A single small imma- ture plant, perhaps of this species, was collected in the Trinity Mountains on granite rocks. ‘The species may be known by the short oblong bifid pappus- scales, with an awn at least three times longer than the scale; the general habit much as in the last. (693.) Caxais nurans, Gray. Pac. R. R. Reports, 4.113. (Ptilophora nutans, Gray. Pl. Fendi. 113.) Glabrous, very slender; stems 6-18’ high, simple or branching; leaves narrowly linear, acuminate, entire or with a few subulate spreading lobes ; involucre cylindrical, 8—20-flowered, calyculate; outer bract- 'CALAIS, DC. ‘Heads many- (rarely few-) flowered ; (the flowers all ligulate.) Involucre cylin- draceous or campanulate, either simple and calyculated [bracteolate] at the base, or imbricated with the scales in a few rows. Receptacle flat, naked. Achenia terete, 12-14-striate, beakless or attenuated up- ward and beaked. Pappus simple, of 5-10 or 14-22 scarious awned scales, the awns scabrous, barbellate or plumose.—Herbs of Northwestern America, with long naked monocephalous scapes or branches, and yellow flowers.” Gray, Pac. R. R. Reports, 4, 112. CATALOGUE. 197 eoles 4—5; proper involucral scales 4-7” long, lanceolate-acuminate, about 8, in two rows; achenia roughish-pubescent, 2—3” long, scarcely rostrate ; pap- pus of 12-20 elegantly plumose sete, rising from an entire oblong scarious base 4—5 times shorter than the plume.—Washington Territory and Oregon to California. Havallah and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and near Salt Lake City and in the Wahsatch, usually along stream banks; 4,500—9,000 feet elevation; May—September. (694.) Var. LATIFOLIA has oblong-spatulate entire leaves, 2-4’ long, 6-9” wide. —With the other form, East Humboldt Mountains and the Wahsatch. (695.) ’ Caats MAsor, Gray, /.c. Glabrous; stem stouter, 1-2° high; petioles with a dilated base; leaves 6-8’ long, 4-9” wide, lanceolate-spatulate, entire or laciniated; involucre puberulent or glabrate, campanulate, many-flowered, bractlets 8 or 9, proper scales 10-13, acuminate ; achenia and pappus nearly as in the last, of which it is probably only a larger form.—Oregon. Antelope Island, and near Salt Lake City, in meadows; 4,300 feet altitude; May, June. (696.) Antsocoma’ acauLis, Gray. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist., 5. 111, ¢. 13. California, near Fort Mohave, (Dr. Cooper!) and near Fort Tejon, (Dr. Van Horn!) Carson City, Nevada, Anderson!) YF oot-hills near Carson City, and near Steamboat-Springs, Washoe Valley, Nevada; 4,500 feet elevation; April, May. Dr. Gray has described the inner pappus as consisting of 5 longer and 5 alternate shorter sete, all plumose above the middle, but the number of sete seems to be variable, and the smallest ones, while scarcely at all plumose, are irregularly placed among the rest. (697.) STEPHANOMERIA® MINoR, Nutt., (including S. runcinata, Nutt.) Perennial, 1 ANISOCOMA, Gray, l.c. Heads many-flowered; the flowers all ligulate. Involucre sub-cylin- drical; the scales 18-24, imbricated, purplish with broad scarious margins, the outer ones roundish or ovate, very short, inner ones linear-oblong. Receptacle flat, bearing a few very slender chaffy scales among the outer florets. Achenia slenderly obconic, 10-12-striate, pilose along the striw, crowned with a persistent wavy-margined cup-like outer pappus, and bearing inside of this 10-15 deciduous sete, some of them short and naked, and the other two-thirds as long as the corolla and exceedingly plumose nearly to the base.—An annual herb ; the leaves all radical, 1-2’ long, at first tomentose, soon glabrous, pinnately lobed; the lobes short and somewhat denticulate ; scapes simple, 2-6/ high, naked, monocephalous ; heads an inch long; flowers yellow; pappus pure white. 2>STEPHANOMERIA, Nurr. (Including Hemiptilium, Gray.) Heads 3-12-tlowered ; the flowers all igulate. Involuere cylindrical, calyculate; bractlets few, very small; proper scales 3-7, subequal, but in two species more numerous, unequal and imbrieated. Receptacle naked, slightly honey- combed. Achenia oblong-linear or clayate-oblong, with 5 prominent angles or ribs, the intercostal spaces either plane or tuberculate-rugose, or occupied by additional less elevated ridges. Pappus simple, of 5-25 plumose filiform setze or bristles, slightly dilated at the base-——Annual or perennial herbs, much branched, natives of Western North America from the great plains to the Pacific. Lower leaves linear, often runcinately toothed; the upper ones gradually reduced to small subulate bracts. Heads small ; flowers rose-color, 198 _ BOTANY. glabrous; stems single, much’ branched, lower leaves 2-3’ long, runcinately toothed, upper ones reduced to subulate entire or 2-4-toothed bracts ; heads 5-7-flowered, solitary on the ends of the branchlets ; proper involucral scales 5-7, 4-5” long; achenia 5-costate, smooth; pappus of about 15 distinct sete, plumose nearly or quite to the base—Oregon and California to Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado; Carrington Island, Great Salt Lake, (Stansbury.) Near Humboldt Lake, Nevada, (W. W. Bailey,) and on a ridge in Bear River Valley, near Evanston, Utah ; 4-6,000 feet elevation ; July, August. (698.) STEPHANOMERIA MYRIOCLADA. Caudex woody, bearing innumerable densely crowded slender branching stems 8-12: long; primary leaves not seen, those of the branchlets linear-spatulate, acute, entire or runcinately toothed, passing into subulate bracts; heads terminal on slender branchlets, 3-flowered, 23-3” long; scales of the slender involucre 8, bristles as many ; achenia oblong-linear, 5-angled and with two less prominent striae on each face, not tubercled; pappus of 14-17 distinct sete, plumose to the base.— Plant forming a dense hemispherical tuft about a foot high, the branches irregularly “dichotomous. On dry rocky ridges in Thousand Spring and Goose Creek Valleys, Nevada; 6-6,500 feet elevation; September. Prats XX. Fig 1. Portion of a plant; natural size. Fig.2. A flower; magnified four diameters. Figs.3 and 4. Mature achenium and seta; magnified twelve diameters. (699.) STEPHANOMERIA PANICULATA, Nutt. Annual, glabrous; stem 2—3° high, erect, striate; cauline leavés linear, 2-3’ long, 1” wide, entire, or the lower ones with a few small teeth near the base; heads 3” long, 5—7-flowered, nearly sessile along the straight diverging paniculate branches ; involucre of 5-8 scales and several minute bractlets; achenia oblong-clavate, slightly one-sided, rugose-tuberculate between the 5 longitudinal undulate ridges ; pappus of about 25 slightly unequal distinct sete, plumose to the base.— Colorado to California. West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and on Promon- tory Point, and near Salt Lake City, Utah; 4,800—5,000 feet elevation ; May— September. Prare XX. Fig. 5. Mature achenium; magnified twelve diameters; the tubercles are sometimes more decidedly in a double row between the ridges. (700.) SrEPHANOMERIA ExIGUA, Nutt.! (Hemiptilium Bigelovii, Gray! Bot. Mex. Boundary, 105.) Annual, glabrous; stems 1-2° high, diffusely much branched, the branches very slender; lower leayes linear, with a few subulate SATALOGUE. 199 teeth towards the base ; upper ones smaller and passing into subulate bracts, (always?) auriculate with 2 minute teeth; heads peduneled, irregularly corymbose-paniculate, 3” long, 3-9-flowered ; inyolucre as in the last; achenia linear, straight, slightly enlarging upward, strongly 5-angled and with a double row of tubercles between the angles; pappus usually of 15 sete, plumose from near or below the middle to the top, 8 from each angle of the achenium, with their slightly dilated bases commonly united.—The sete are sometimes plumose for the greater part of their length, and the dilation at their base is scarcely greater than in S. paniculata, which has, moreover, quite as rugose and tubercled an achenium; it seems, therefore, advisable to merge Hemiptilium into Stephanomeria. California to Colorado and New Mexico; Virginia City, (Bloomer.) Foot-hills throughout Nevada, and on Carrington Island, Great Salt Lake; 4,500—6,000 feet elevation ; June-August. Puate XX. Figs. 6 and 7. Achenium and three united bristles of the pappus; magnified twelve diameters. (701.) STEPHANOMERIA PENTACH®TA. Annual (?); stem 1° high, perfectly glab- rous, and whitish, diffusely branching ; leaves linear-subulate, auriculate with small teeth, or the larger ones runcinately toothed, the uppermost minute and bractlike ; heads 5-flowered, peduncled, panicled, 83-4” long; involucre of 5 scales, besides 4—5 bractlets; achenia linear-oblong, 5-costate, with a double row of tubercles between the coste ; sete of the pappus 5, one at each angle of the achenium, rather longer than the achenium, slightly dilated and setulose at. the base, the upper half plumose——Truckee and Humboldt Val- leys; 4,500 feet elevation; September. Prare XX. Fig. 8. A small branch; natural size. Figs.9 and 10. Achenium and seta; magnified twelve diame- ters. (702.) Hieractum Scoutrrt, Hook. Stems 1-3° high, hispid and almost shaggy with coarse spreading hairs, (8-4 long,) leafy ; lower leaves 5-8 long, 9-12” wide, oblanceolate, mostly acute, sessile or nearly so; upper ones usually few and smaller; heads 6’ long, in a somewhat rounded panicle ; peduncles erect; involucre calyculate or somewhat imbricated, glandular- puberulent and sparsely hairy ; flowers yellow, about 20; achenia not nar- rowed at the summit.—A coarse plant, in appearance between HH. Gronovii and H. longipilum. The stem is leafy in some specimens, in others nearly naked. Nutka to Oregon. Goose-Creek Mountains, and in the cafions of te} ) 200 BOTANY. the Wahsatch near Parley’s Park; 6,500-7,000 feet elevation ; July—Sep- tember. (703.) Tleracrum aLprrtorum, Hook. Stems 1—3° high, rather slender, smooth above, hispid near the base, like the petioles and midribs, with rather long deflexed hairs; leaves mostly radical or low on the stem, oblong-lanceolate, acute, entire or denticulate; heads rather small, on nearly smooth bracteolate pedicels, in a compound at length very open corymb; involucre nearly ecalyeulate, the blackish scales sparsely hairy; flowers white, about 20; achenia very slightly narrowed toward the summit—Rocky Mountains of British America to Oregon and California, and eastward to Colorado; Carson City, (Anderson.) Cottonwood Canon in the Wahsatch, and Bear River Canon, Uintas ; 7-8,000 feet elevation; July, August. (704.) Hirracium rrisrr, Willd. Stem slender, simple, 6-15’ high, smooth below, hispid with blackish-fuscous hair above; leaves chiefly radical, hirsut- ulous or smooth, entire or remotely denticulate, tapering into slender petioles ; heads few in a simple raceme or corymb; inyolucres hispid with blackish hairs ; flowers 20-40; achenia oblong, not tapering to the summit.—Unalaska, and in the Rocky Monntains of Northern British America, to California and the Mountains of Colorado. Ridges of the Uintas, above Bear River Canon, at 9-10,000 feet elevation; August. (705.) LyGopresmiaA JuNCEA, Don. From the Saskatchewan along the moun- tains to New Mexico and Texas, and eastward to Wisconsin. Gravelly slopes of Unionville Valley, Nevada; 5,000 feet elevation; June. Flowers light- pink; the ordinary form, with the leaves very slender, not over 2’ long, and the inyolucre 6” long. (706.) Var. piantropsis. (L. juncea, Dur. Bot. Utah., 169.) Involuere 9-11” long; ligules exserted quite as much, 3” wide; leaves rather stout, 2-4” long — Islands of Great Salt Lake, and gravelly slopes near the city; May, June. Collected also by Stansbury, by Mrs. Carrington, and by Frémont in his second expedition, Heads very much resembling a single-flowered carnation, and the leaves also are not dissimilar. (707.) LyagoprsM1A spinosa, Nutt. Stems 8-14’ high, several from a woody base, bearing many short divergent very rigid and spine-like branches ; radical and lower leayes linear, 2-3’ long, the former with tufts of matted wool in their axils, the wool afterward enveloping the base of the stem; upper leaves reduced to minute subulate bracts; heads usually solitary on the ends CATALOGUE. 201 of the upper branchlets ; involucre 4” long, of 5-7 unequal lanceolate acute imbricated scales, with 2-3 minute calyculate bractlets; flowers 3-5, the ligules twice as long as the involucre; achenia not tapering upward ; pappus rather rigid, 24 long —‘“‘ In the Rocky Mountain plains towards California,” (Nuttall ;) California, (Brewer;) Mount Davidson, Nevada, (Bloomer.) Foot- hills and gravelly hillsides, East Humboldt Mountains, Ruby Valley, and at the head of Humboldt River; 6,000 feet elevation; August, September. Flowers almost always three. The lower leaves are apparently membranous or grass-like, as they quickly perish, leaving only vestiges hidden in the peculiar masses of brownish-white wool. (708.) Maracornrix' Carrrornica, DC. Annual, villous-lanate or becoming smooth; stems several, 8-12’ high, scapiform and monocephalous or with 1-2 smaller heads from the axils of cauline leaves; radical leaves numerous, 3-6 long, sometimes entire, but usually pinnately divided into 5—9 distant very narrow almost filiform entire segments; involucre campanulate, of many unequal lanceolate scales imbricated in several rows; flowers yellow, very numerous; achenia scabrellate on the primary ridges; outer pappus cup-like, with a hyaline and slightly pectinate border, two of the teeth developed into strong awn-like sete, as long as the 12-15 nearly smooth deciduous capillary bristles of the inner pappus.—Heads as large as a dandelion or even larger, the ligules 4-5-toothed. The two outer sete of the pappus are not opposite, but both on one side of the achenium, and the same arrangement is seen in M. Coulteri. California, (Douglas, Brewer!) Var. GLaBrata, Gray, Ms. Glabrous throughout, even when young.—Carson City, (Anderson!) Foot- hills of the Trinity Mountains, Nevada; 4,500 feet elevation. (709.) Maacornrix soncuorwes, T. & G. Annual, glabrous; stems 4-15’ high, corymbosely branching; leaves oblong-lanceolate ; runcinately pinnati- fid; the lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute, toothed or nearly entire; heads large, (9-14” wide,) terminal on the branches; involucre bell-shaped, with a few outer calyculate scales, but mostly of lanceolate acuminate white-margined subequal entire scales, 4-6" long; achenia many-striate, smooth; outer 1MALACOTHRIX, DC. Heads many-flowered ; the flowers all ligulate. Involuere hemispherical or bell-shaped, of numerous narrow imbricated scales. Receptacle naked. Achenia oblong-linear, not beaked, smooth, 8-15-striate or ridged. Pappus double ; the outer a minute cup-like crenulate or toothed ring, a few of the teeth sometimes produced into awn-like somewhat persistent sete ; the inner composed of many silvery-white capillary minutely-serrulate or barbellate deciduous bristles.—Herbs, annual or perennial, natives of Western North America. Leaves undivided or pinnatifid. Flowers yellow or white 26 202 BOTANY. pappus of five strong awns and about ten very short intermediate teeth ; inner pappus of about fifteen capillary bristles, deciduous in a ring—In this and other allied species of Ma/acothrizx the stronger bristles of the pappus certainly belong to the cup-like crown, and not to the deciduous pappus, as was supposed by Drs. Torrey and Gray. (See Stansh. Rep. 892; Pl. Fendl. 113; Pl Wright. 2. 105.) From Nebraska (Nuttall) to the shores and islands of Great Salt Lake (Stansbury) and Oregon, (Geyer ;) Carson City, (67 Anderson.) Foot-hills and gravelly slopes throughout Nevada; 4,000— 6,000 feet elevation ; May-July. (710.) Matacoturix optusa, Benth. Plant. Hartw. 321. Annual, erect, branching, 2-12’ high; leaves at first whitish-woolly above, soon nearly or quite glabrous; the radical ones 2-3’ long, runcinate-pinnatifid with obtuse dentate lobes ; stem-leaves linear, toothed or entire ; heads small, 5-7 wide ; involucre bell-shaped, calyculate, the inner scales subequal, oblong-linear, white-margined, 3’ long; flowers yellow or whitish ; achenia 5-costate and with intermediate pairs of smaller ridges; outer pappus cup-like, obtusely about 24-toothed, without awns ; inner pappus rather coarse, very scabrous, deciduous. —Near the last, but with much smaller heads, and no persistent bristles of the outer pappus. California, (Hartweg, Parry, Brewer!) Stansbury Island, Great Salt Lake; 4,300 feet elevation; June. (711.) Crepis' runcinata, T. & G. Perennial, hirsute or becoming nearly smooth; radical leaves oblong or obovate, runcinate-lobed or only slightly toothed; scape 1-2° high, branching, bearing a few linear bract-like leaves; branches and involucres more or less hirsute with blackish often glandular hairs; involucres many-flowered, calyculate, the scales linear-lanceolate, with scarious margins; achenia slightly tapermg upward, striate-——Saskatchewan to Nebraska and Colorado; Oregon, (Geyer.) Meadows and wet places near Salt Lake City, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 4,300-7,000 feet eleva- tion; May-July. The present specimens are much larger than those from Colorado, and are much more blackish-hirsute on the peduncles and inyolu- cres. (712.) 'CREPIS, L. Heads several-many-flowered ; the flowers all ligulate. Invyolucre usually calyeu- late with a few small bracteoles, the proper scales nearly equal, in a single series. Receptacle naked or slightly hairy. Achenia terete or somewhat compressed, 8-30-striate, usually narrower above or even tapering into a short beak, the apex expanded into a minute disk. Pappus pure white, copious, of den- ticulate or scabrous delicate capillary bristles, or sometimes of more rigid bristles slightly dilated to- ward the base.-—Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, natives of Europe, Asia, and Northwestern Amer- ica, commonly with very variable runcinate-pinnatifid or dentate leaves, and yellow flowers. CATALOGUE. 203 Crepis eLauca, T. & G. Perennial, smooth and somewhat glaucous; leaves all radical, linear-spatulate, tapering into a short-winged petiole, apic- ulate, nearly entire and deeply runcinate on the same plant; stems 1-2° high, with small linear bracts at the base of the 2-3 slender peduncles; inyolu- cres many-flowered, smooth, slightly calyculate, the proper scales linear- lanceolate, scarious-margined; achenia smooth, 8—10-ridged, slightly taper- ing upward.—Heads smaller than in the last, the smoother forms of which it approaches perhaps too closely. Plains of Nebraska to Oregon, (Geyer.) Ruby Valley, Nevada, and on the foot-hills near Salt Lake City; 4,500- 6,000 feet elevation; May—July. (713.) Crepis ANDERSONII, Gray. Perennial, 1-2° high; leaves linear-spatu- late or oblong-lanceolate, slightly toothed, runcinate or laciniate-pinnatifid, glabrous, like the sparingly branched and leafless scapes; bracts at the base of the mostly monocephalous branches small and linear; involucre of spar- ingly puberulent herbaceous lanceolate unequal scales, imbricated in 2-3 rows, many-flowered ; achenia smooth, angled and many-ridged, fusiform and tapering into a short beak.—In habit much like the last, but with a well- marked imbricated involucre. Carson City, Nevada, (305 Anderson!) Hot springs in Grass Valley and Reese Valley, Nevada; 4,500-5,000 feet eleva- tion; June, July. (714.) CREPIS OCCIDENTALIS, Nutt. Perennial, canescent and scurfy-tomentose ; stems 6-18’ high, branching, leafy ; radical leaves with the petioles 6-9’ long, lanceolate, tapering both ways, acuminate, more or less deeply runcinate- pinnatifid, with acute often toothed lobes; cauline leaves similar, but smaller and sessile; heads corymbed, 11—35-flowered; involucres calyculate with a few loose bractlets, the proper scales 8-10, 6-8” long ; mature achenia rather stout, 3” long, tapering to the apex, evidently 10-striate-—This species varies greatly in size, shape of leaves, and number of flowers in a head, but it has larger and looser calyculate bractlets than the next, and a canescent or some- times hispidulous involucre, and a greater number of flowers in a head. Ore- gon and California to Nevada, Utah, and Colorado; Carson City, (Ander- son;) Salt Lake City, (Mrs. Carrington.) From Western Nevada to the Wahsatch, and on the shore of Stansbury Island ; 4,300—-8,000 feet elevation; May-July. (715.) Var. GRacitis. (C. acuminata, Var. gracilis, Torrey, Ms.) Stem very slender, bearing 8-6 narrow 9—-14-flowered heads; leaves narrowly linear, 204 BOTANY. long-acuminate, with a few very narrow almost filiform elongated teeth near the middle-—Middle Park, Colorado, (Parry, 1864.) Canons of the East Humboldt Mountains and on a peak west of Parley’s Park in the Wah- satch ; 7-9,000 feet elevation; July-September. (716.) Crepis acuminata, Nutt. Torrey, in Stansb. Rep. 392, 4. 8. Perennial; stem sparingly canescent, 1-8° high; leaves pubescent, the radical ones lanceolate, long-acuminate, 6—9’ long, tapering into a petiole often two-thirds as long, laciniately pinnatifid into .numerous linear-lanceolate spreading or curved usually entire teeth; cauline leaves few, mostly sessile, the lower similar to the radical, the upper linear, entire; heads 5—7-flowered, very numerous in a compound fastigiate corymb ; involucres glabrous or nearly so, cylindrical, calyculate with a few ovate appressed bractlets; the proper scales 67, about 5” long; mature achenia tapering slightly upward, 10-stri- ate—The figure in Stansbury’s Report shows a plant with the foliage more like that of C. occidentalis, and achenia more decidedly beaked than either species affords among the numerous specimens now examined, though it cor- rectly represents the very numerous slender heads of C. acuminata, Ore- gon and California to Colorado and Nebraska; Mt. Davidson, (Bloomer !) Stansbury Island, (Stansbury.) THlill-sides from Western Nevada to the Uintas ; 5-7,000 feet elevation; May-July. (717.) Troximon cusprpatuM, Pursh. Northern Hlinois and Wisconsin to Ore- yon, (Spaulding!) Valley of Great Salt Lake, (Stansbury.) Macrorruyncuus! Guaucus. (Troximon glaucum, Nutt.) Perennial, smooth and somewhat glaucous; leaves linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, 3—6' long, about 6” broad, entire or slightly runcinate-toothed ; scapes 6—9' high ; involucral scales unequal, the outer ones shorter and broadly ovate-lanceolate, slightly pubescent; inner ones lanceolate, 7-9’ long; achenia 10-ribbed, contracted toward the summit, but scarcely beaked; pappus rather coarse, longer than the achenium.—Saskatchewan to Nebraska and Colorado, (65 Parry, 354 Hall & Harbour, in part, 260 Vasey?) Var. Laciniatus. ‘ Leaves I MACRORRHYNCHUS, Lessinc. Heads many-flowered, the flowers all ligulate. Involucre cam- panulate; the lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate scales imbricated in 2-3-series, the inner ones scarious-mar- gined, the outer ones sometimes shorter, often foliaceous. Receptacle naked, or very rarely with a few chaffy scales among the flowers. Achenia glabrous, terete or slightly obcompressed, 10-ribbed or winged, narrowed above and in most species at length produced into a long slender beak, the apex di- lated into a small flat disk. Pappus of copious white scareely scabrous soft and capillary or coarser and somewhat rigid bristles.—Annual or perennial herbs of Western America, North and South, nearly or quite acaulescent, with rather large heads solitary on long naked scapes, and entire or laciniate-pin- natifid often elongated leaves; flowers yellow, rose-color, or purplish. CATALOGUE. 205 dilated, lanciniate-pinnatitid, segments lanceolate-attenuate.” Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad., Mar. 1863, p. 69.—F lowers yellow or orange, turning purplish when dried. Leaves varying from narrowly linear to broadly lanceolate in outline, but always more or less laciniate. None of the specimens have ripened achenia, but the most advanced show a very short beak, one-fourth as long as the achenium. This species and the next agree very closely in foliage, size of head, color of flowers, both fresh and dried, in the young achenia and in the nature of the pappus; even the ‘long jointed hairs” at the summit of the tube of the corolla are alike in both; so that the involu- cre, of unequal scales in one species and equal in the other, and the longer or shorter beak of the mature achenium, seem to be the only remaining points of distinction. When both species shall be studied from the living plant with ripened achenia it is quite possible that even these differénces will disappear. Colorado, (854 Hall & Harbour, in part.) From the foot-hills near Carson City to the Uintas; 5-7,500 feet elevation; May—Septem- ber. (718.) 424 Parry, 356 Hall & Harbour, and 361 Vasey belong to Var. dasy- cephalus, T. & G. ‘‘ Involucre woolly, at least when young, the exterior scales spreading; leaves and scape often somewhat pubescent; receptacle some- times, but not always, furnished with a few linear-acuminate chaffy scales intermixed among the flowers.”—Arctic America to Oregon and Colorado. Macrorruyncuus TroximoreEs, T. & G. Perennial, smooth and some- what glaucous; leaves 4-10’ long, 3-9” wide, linear-lanccolate or linear-spat- ulate, acuminate or obtuse and slightly apiculate, entire or laciniately pinnati- fid; scapes 4/-2° high; inyolucre 6-10” long, the scales nearly equal, lanceolate from a broad base; achenia 10-ribbed, at first shorter than the pappus and scarcely beaked, at length produced into a slender beak two- thirds as long as the achenium proper, and with it slightly or considerably longer than the pappus—Flowers orange-color, fading to purplish. ‘The pappus is variable in fineness, one of the best-marked specimens, with ros- trate achenia, having rather coarse and evidently flattened bristles. To this species Dr. Gray has already referred Troximon roseum and T. parviflorum, and it is not at all improbable that 7. glawcum will eventually follow them. Mountains of Colorado, (66 & 67 Parry, 855 Hall & Harbour, 359 Vasey,) to California, Oregon, and British America; Virginia City, (Bloomer.) 206 BOTANY. Canons and banks of creeks from Western Nevada to the Uintas; 4,500- 10,000 feet elevation; June-September. (719.) Macrorruyncuus Gcranpiriorus, T. & G. Perennial, slightly webby- pubescent throughout; leaves 5-15’ long, linear-lanceolate, runcinately toothed or laciniate with long acuminate teeth; scapes 1—2° high; heads very large; outer involucral scales foliaceous, broadly ovate-oblong, ciliate- pubescent; the inner ones narrower and with slightly scarlous margins; achenia strongly 10-ribbed, one-fourth the length of the very slender beak, and halt as long as the white soft capillary pappus——Oregon and California. Foot-hills near Salt Lake City; 4,500 feet elevation; May. (720.) MacrorrHyNcnus HETROPHYLLUS, Nutt. Annual, pubescent, often somewhat caulescent ; leaves 2-5’ long, linear-spatulate ; the earlier ones entire or slightly toothed; later ones commonly laciniate with a few short acute teeth; scapes 4-9 high; involucral scales imbricated in about 3 rows ; the outer ones somewhat hairy and shorter than the smooth oblong-lance- olate inner ones; achenia fusiform, with ten corky or winged often undulate ribs; the filiform beak 3-4 times longer than the body of the achenium, and considerably longer than the very delicate pappus—The present specimens have considerably longer achenia and pappus than those collected in Califor- nia by Brewer, and while the ribs of the achenia are rounded and corky they show nothing of the undulation so strongly insisted upon by Nuttall. Oregon and California. West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, on the hills about Salt Lake City, and on Antelope Island, Utah; 4,500-5,500 feet elevation; May, June. (721.) Taraxacum Dens-Leonts, Desf. Common throughout the Northern States and ‘sparingly naturalized” in the Southern, (Chapman.) Arctic America, and along both sides of the Rocky Mountains, (Hooker,) to Colo- rado, (‘truly indigenous,” Hall & Harbour.) Prof. Brewer states that he has never seen it in California. The dandelion is named by Josselyn in 1672 in a list “of such plants as have sprung up since the English planted and kept cattle in New England.” Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa. City Creek Cation in the Wahsatch, and in the meadows of Salt Lake Val- ley ; probably introduced. (722.) TaRAXAcuM PALUSTRE, DC. Very smooth; leaves lanceolate or oblong- spatulate, entire, sinuate, or slightly runcinate, usually shorter than the scape; ‘scales of the involucre not corniculate, ” the outer ones lanceolate, CATALOGUE. 207 appressed ; achenia muricate and spinulose toward the apex, when mature shorter than the beak—The specimens now collected have leaves 3—4/ long and 5-6’ wide, slightly toothed and very obtuse. The involueral scales are certainly corniculate, as they are also in Hall & Harbow’s plant:—no European specimens are at hand for comparison. Arctic America and Lab- rador to Alaska; Colorado, (357 Hall & Harbour ;) Greenland, Europe, and Northern Asia. Uintas, on a peak at the head of Bear River; 12,000 feet altitude; August. (723.) TARAXACUM PHYMATOCARPUM, J. Vahl. Dwarf, glabrous; leaves 1-2! long, lanceolate, runcinate with rather short obtuse teeth, or nearly entire ; scapes scarcely exceeding the leaves; heads very small, blackish; outer involucral scales short, spreading; inner ones 8-12, 3-4” long, not cornicu- late, narrowly scarious-margined ; flowers very short; mature achenia not seen.— Described from Greenland specimens sent from Copenhagen with the above name. The present specimen, a single one only, is rather larger than those from Greenland, but is plainly the same plant. It is assuredly not 7. levigatum. It must be noted that both ZT. palustre and T. phymatocarpum are considered forms of 7. Dens-leonis by Dr. Hooker. Uintas, with the last, on a peak at the head of Bear River ; 12,500 feet elevation; August. (724.) Sandy Artemisia plain in Truckee Pass of GLYPTOPLEURA’ MARGINATA. the Virginia mountains, in a cafion of the Trinity Mountains, and in Union- ville Valley, Nevada; 4-5,000 feet elevation; May, June. Also collected in 1870 at St. George in Southern Utah by Dr. Edward Palmer, a form with less developed outer involucral scales. Ptars XX. Fig. 11. A single branch; natural size. Fig. 12. Outer involucral scale or bract. Fig. 13. Inner in- volucral scale. Fig. 16. Corolla; each enlarged four diameters. Fig. 14. Achenium and pappus; enlarged two diameters. Fig.15. Achenium. Fig. 17. Style. Fig. 18. Stamen; all enlarged eight diameters. (725.) 1GLYPTOPLEURA. Heads many-flowered; the flowers all ligulate. Involucre subeylindrieal, composed of 7-12 equal oblong-lanceolate herbaceous white-margined entire scales, and of 4-8 outer spatulate or panduriform white-margined lacerate-fringed bracts, either nearly as long as the proper scales or reduced to calyculate bractlets. Receptacle flat, naked. Achenia obeonic-oblong, with a seurfy- granulose whitish surface, obtusely 5-angled; the angles more or less transversely rugose, the sides fur- rowed and pitted, and the summit forming a shallow obscurely 5-toothed cup, from the interior of which rises a short 5-furrowed beak, its apex somewhat dilated and bearing a copious white capillary pappus deciduous in a ring.—A small annual or biennial branching prostrate herb, forming adense flattened tuft 2-6’ in diameter; leaves somewhat fleshy, oblong, pinnatifid and laciniately denticulate with whitish scarious teeth ; flowers purplish, terminal, nearly hidden by the leaves. The affinities of this curious plant are with Taraxacum, Chondrilla and JWillemetia, all of which have the achenium suddenly contracted into a beak ; the two former have more or less roughened or muricated achenia, and the two latter a circle of teeth or a corona surrounding the base of the beak. 208 BOTANY. MULGEDIUM PULCHELLUM, Nutt. British America, Oregon and California, and eastward to Upper Michigan; Virginia City, (Bloomer.) From the Truckee River, Nevada, to Provo Valley, Utah; 4-6,000 feet elevation ; July-September. (726.) Soncuu aspers, Villars. Oregon and California to the Atlantic. ‘ Proba- bly indigenous to this country, at least to the South; now found in almost every part of the world.” (7. § G.) Truckee bottom, canons of the West Humboldt Mountains, Humboldt’ Valley, and City Creek Cation in the Wahsatch ; 4—6,000 feet elevation; May—September. (727.) LOBELIACEZ. Downinaia! PULCHELLA, Torr. Pac. R. R. Surv. 4. 116. Stem 2-6’ long, branching, flexuous, ascending ; leaves 3-12” long, ovate and lanceolate, obtuse; sepals lanceolate, obtuse; upper lobes of the corolla ovate or lanceo- late, acute, the middle lower lobe somewhat the longest; capsules becoming 2-3' in length.—Corolla bright blue with a yellow or nearly white center, 2-6" long. California and Oregon. Found in wet places in the Truckee Meadows, near Glendale, Nevada. July. (728.) CAMPANULACEZ. CAMPANULA ROTUNDIFOLIA, L. Stems 3-18’ in height; quite variable in the length and breadth of the calyx-segments, and the higher alpine form ex- actly like Greenland specimens of C. “inifolia, Lam., which with C. Langs- dorffiana is referred to this species by Dr. Hooker without doubt. In its various forms it occurs from Greenland and the Arctic Ocean to the Northern States and Washington Territory and southward in the Rocky Mountains to Colorado and New Mexico. In the Uintas on the dry rocky banks of Bear River at 8,000 feet altitude, and in wet ground near the summits at an eleva- tion of 11,500 feet; July, August. (729.) CAMPANULA UNIFLORA, L. DC. Prodr. 7. 482. Stem 1-flowered; leaves subentire, the lower obovate, petioled, the middle ones obovate-lanceolate, and the upper occasionally linear-lanceolate ; calyx slightly villous, with linear acuminate lobes nearly equaling the funnelform corolla; capsule cylindrical. 'DOWNINGIA, Torr. (Clintonia, Lindl.) Calyx-tube elongated; lobes 5, subequal, lanceolate. Corolla-tube very short, the limb bilabiate; lower lip cuneate, 3-lobed, the upper 2-parted with erect nar- rower lobes. Stamens united; lower anthers bearded at the apex. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, with 2 parie- tal placent. Capsule chartaceous, twisted, triangular, dehiscing by 3 linear valves, many-seeded.—An- nual herbs, with entire sessile leaves and axillary sessile flowers longer than the bracts, CATALOGUE. 209 Stems 2-4’ high, with the deep-blue flowers often nearly twice longer than the calyx-lobes. As in the specimens from Colorado, the calyx-tube is wholly glabrous. Shores of the Arctic Ocean from Greenland to Behring Strait ; Rocky Mountains of Colorado. In the Uintas, with the last ; 11-12,000 feet altitude; August. (730.) SpecunartaA PerFourATA, A. DC. Throughout the Eastern States from the Atlantic to the Mississippi; from Kansas to New Mexico and Western Texas, and in Washington Territory. Lower cafons of the Wahsatch, near Salt Lake City, at 5,000 feet altitude; May. (731.) Herterocopon! rArirLorum, Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., n.s., 8. 255. Glabrous or more or less subaculeate-hispid ; stems 2—12' high, simple or branching at base, very slender and weak; leaves rather distant but some- what in pairs, 3-6” in diameter, sharply dentate, the margin slightly revolute ; calyx-lobes ovate, dentate; the light-blue or white corolla 1” long; capsule broadly ovate, bristly upon the angles——From Washington Territory to the Sacramento; (5005 Bolander and 280 Torrey.) Havallah and Kast Hum- boldt Mountains, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude ; June-August. (732.) ERICACEZE. Vaccinium uxicinosum, L. Alpine peaks of the White Mountains and Northern New York; Newfoundland and Labrador, and from latitude 52° to the Arctic Ocean, Behring Strait and Greenland; Wind River Mountains, Wyoming, (Frément.) Uinta Mountains; 6,000 feet altitude; August. (733.) Vaccinium casprtosum, Mx. On the West Coast from Sitka to Wash- ington Territory and eastward to the Saskatchewan, Hudson’s Bay and Lake Superior; in the White Mountains, and in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Found in the Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas; 8-10,000 feet altitude; August, September. (754.) Vaccinium MyRTILLoIDES, Mx. Newfoundland, and west of Hudson’s Bay south of latitude 57° to Washington Territory, Colorado and Northern Michigan. Uintas; 9,000 feet altitude; July. (735.) 5-cleft, in the lower flowers none or minute. Stamens 5, included, the filaments free, shorter than the anthers. Stigmas 3, short. Capsule roundish, angled, membranous, 3-celled, bursting irregularly at the base. Seeds compressed, triangular, glabrous.—A slender annual, with alternate amplexicaul small rounded dentate leaves; flowers small, sessile, solitary, the upper ones only with a corolla. 27 210 BOTANY. angled, green; leayes ovate, serrate, very glabrous and shining; peduncles 1-flowered, solitary. Var. micropuyiium, Hook. Leaves 2-3” long —Stems -1° high, very diffusely branched, from running rootstocks; the leaves are 2-6” long and often rather narrowly oblong, acute at each end; flowers very small, scarcely 1” in length, nearly white; fruit small, about 2” in diameter, light red. Abundant in the Uintas, in the shade of pines at 8—9,000 feet alti- tude; in flower and fruit, July and August. Reported from Sitka and the Rocky Mountains of British Anierica, (in latitude 52°,) Wyoming and Colo- rado. (736.) ArcrosTapHyLos Uva-Ursr, Spreng. The ascending branches 4-6’ high, forming dense patches ; the ‘ Kinnikinnick” of the western Indians. From New Jersey and Wisconsin northward to the Arctic Ocean, while in the Rocky Mountains and westward it extends from latitude 63° to Northern California and Colorado ; Council Grove, Kansas, (Abert.) Ruby and Hun- tington Valleys, Nevada, and frequent in the Uintas and in Bear River Val- ley; 6-8,000 feet altitude ; in fruit, July-September. (737.) ARCTOSTAPHYLOS GLAUCA, Lindl. DC. Prodr. 7. 586. Leaves glaucous, glabrous, ovate-oblong, entire, acute, coriaceous, very obtuse at base ; racemes short, compound, with scalelike bracts ; fruit ovate-——An evergreen branching shrub, 2-10° high, with red exfoliating bark; leaves vertical and alike upon both surfaces, 1-13’ long; flowers light rose-color; fruit flattened, black, smooth, 3-4” in diameter, filled with triangular rough stony seeds. The specimens from the Uintas (the most eastern locality in which it has been collected) are from a low form, but 2—-3° high, somewhat pubescent, and with variable leaves, broadly ovate, oval or obovate upon the same branch, and subcordate or acute at base. They are distinguished from smooth forms of A, tomentosa by the perfectly glabrous fruit, but approach the A. pungens of the herbariums. The plant has, however, perfectly the habit, the smooth red hark and exceedingly crooked shrubby growth of A. glauca, without any re- semblance whatever to A. Uva-Ursi, with which the “prostrate” A. pungens is compared. Oregon, California, Western Arizona, (Bigelow,) and in the Wahsatch, (Mrs. Carrington.) Washoe Mountains, Nevada, (in flower, April and May,) and in the Uintas; 6—9,000 feet altitude. (738.) GauLTHERIA Myrsinires, Hook. Fv. Bor.-Amer. 2. 35, t. 129. Low; branches caspitose, rooting; leaves broadly ovate, ciliate-serrate ; flowers solitary, with several ovate bracts, the subcampanulate corolla scarcely exceed- CATALOGUE. 211 Stems 2—6' long, with numerous shining green leaves 4—9” in diameter; flowers white, ing the calyx; anthers obtuse; filaments glabrous; disk none. 1” in length; fruit scarlet. Rocky Mountains of British America to latitude 57°, (Drummond,) and Colorado; Cascade Mountains, (Newberry.) Uinta Mountains; 8—9,000 feet altitude; August. (739.) Katia cuauca, Ait., Var. micropayitia, Hook. Leaves somewhat oval, scarcely 3’ in length.—Leafy stems 1-2’ long, scarcely appearing above the grass on the turfy banks of alpine lakes ; lowers 1-4, on 1’ long pedicels. The species extends from Pennsylvania northward to the Arctic Sea, and to Sitka and Oregon on the Western Coast; Rocky Mountains of Colorado. The variety is the usual Rocky Mountain form. East Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas; 9-10,000 feet altitude; August, Sep- tember. (740.) LepuM GLANDULOsuM, Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., n. s., 8. 270. Branches rigid; leaves elliptical, entire, usually obtuse but mucronate, long- petioled, glabrous on both sides, paler and resinous-punctate beneath ; cap- sules globose-ovate— Rocky Mountains,” (Nuttall ;) Northern California, (Bolander 4736, 6546.) Subalpine in the East Humboldt Mountains, Ne- vada, and in the Uintas; 9-10,000 feet altitude; August, in flower. As found in Nevada and Utah, it is a low branching evergreen shrub, about 2° in height, with leaves 4-14’ long, on rather slender petioles 1-4” in length, minutely reticulate-veined, the margin rarely at all revolute, sometimes pubes- cent upon the midvein and petiole, and with numerous yellow resinous dots beneath; calyx-lobes oblong, very obtuse, ciliate ; flowers 4” in diameter, dull white; stamens 4-10. Californian specimens have the leaves thicker and more revolute, with the flowers on shorter pedicels and more densely umbeled. (741.) Prroxta rotunpiro.t, L., Var. incarnaTA, Hook. The species extends from the mountains of Georgia northward to New England and throughout British America to the Arctic Ocean, Greenland and Behring Strait; North- ern California (Newberry) and Colorado. East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas; 6,500-7,000 feet altitude; July, August. The specimens are 8-18’ high, with leaves 2-24’ in diameter, with elongated (4-6’) many- flowered racemes; the calyx-lobes are uniformly triangular-ovate, in this respect resembling the var. uiginosa. (742.) Pyrona CHLORANTHA, Swartz. From New England to Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, and through British America to the Rocky Mountains and the 212 BOTANY. Arctic Circle; Northern California (Bigelow) and Colorado. A single speci- men; Echo Canon, in the Wahsatch; 6,000 feet altitude; July. (743.) Pyrota secunDA, L. Northern States and through British America to the Arctic Circle and Pacific Ocean; Washington Territory and Colorado. Uinta Mountains; 7—8,000 feet altitude; July. (744) Monrses unIrLora, Gray. From Pennsylvania and New England north- ward, throughout British America to latitude 64°, and on the western coast from Sitka to Washington Territory; Colorado. Uinta Mountains; 9,000 feet altitude; July. (745.) CHIMAPHILA UMBELLATA, Nutt. Mountains of North Carolina and through the Northern States and Canada and westward, to latitude 53° ; on the western coast from Washington Territory to Northern Califormia. Uinta Mountains, Utah; 8,000 feet altitude; July. (746.) Prerospora ANDRoMEDEA, Nutt. Pennsylvania to Vermont; Canada ; on the Saskatchewan ; Washington Territory to Northern California ; Colo- rado. Uinta Mountains; 8-9,000 feet altitude; August. Stems $-33° high; under pines. (747.) PLANTAGINACE. PruantTaco ERIOPoDA, Torr. Ann. N. Y. Lyc. 2. 237. Perennial; leaves fleshy, broadly lanceolate, 4—6’ long, 1—2' wide, attenuate at each end, long- petioled, glabrous, entire, 5-nerved; base of the leaves and scape clothed with long dense brown wool; scape 1° high, terete, glabrous or pubescent, with a cylindrical spike (8—6’ long) of rather remote perfect flowers ; bracts scari- ous-margined, ciliate; stamens and styles very long; bracts broadly ovate, mostly obtuse; capsules 4—5-seeded; seeds not hollowed.—Anticosti Island, (Pursh;) Red River Valley, Dakota, and northward to Bear Lake; valley of the Platte to the Rocky Mountains of Wyoming and Colorado. In clayey subalkaline soil in Ruby Valley, Nevada, and Bear River Valley ; 6,000 feet altitude ; July, August. (748.) Puantaco BrieELovu, Gray. Pac. R. R. Surv. 4. 117. Dwarf, 2-3° high, annual, somewhat minutely hirsute or glabrous; leaves fleshy, 1-23’ long, linear-filiform, obtuse, entire; spike short-oblong, densely 5—12-flowered ; stamens 2; capsule oblong-ovoid, 3—4-seeded, longer than the calyx and the ovate acute bract—Spike in the present specimens linear and rather loosely 10-30-flowered ; style exserted, longer than the stamens; corolla-lobes ovate, CATALOGUE. 2s reflexed in fruit. Closely resembling P. pusi//a, but with twice larger Howers and fruit, and the capsule (1” or more in length) more protruded. Discov- ered by Bigelow at Benicia, California. Salt Lake Valley, near the mouth of Jordan River; June. (749.) Pranraco Paraconica, Jacq., Var. GNAPHALIOIDES, Gray. From Texas to Sonora and California, northward to Western Wisconsin and Washington Territory. Salt Lake Valley and on Antelope Island; May—July. (750.) PRIMULACE. Prmuna Parryi, Gray. Amer. Jour. Sci., n.s., 34, 257. Leaves ob- lanceolate, narrowing to a broad fleshy petiole, and with the rest of the plant somewhat glandular-scabrous, at least upon the margin, which is entire or denticulate with short glandular teeth; leaves of the involucre subulate or linear, unequal, acute, several times shorter than the elongated pedicels ; calyx-lobes broad-lanceolate, acute, equaling the tube of the pink corolla ; corolla-lobes rounded, obcordately 2-cleft or emarginate—Leaves 4-1° in / 1-3 length and scape 4-16’ high, with 6-15 flowers upon unequal pedicels long ; flowers rose-color, becoming purple in drying. Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Frequent in moist cold localities in the East Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas; 811,000 feet altitude; July-Sep- tember. (751.) , ANDROSACE SEPTENTRIONALIS, L. DC. Prodr. 8. 52. Annual, acaules- cent, somewhat scabrous-pubescent ; leaves rosulate, lanceolate or lanceolate- ovate, denticulate, with a broad petiole; scapes numerous, many-llowered ; leaflets of the small involucre narrowly lanceolate, acute; calyx-lobes ovate- lanceolate, acuminate, equaling the small white corolla.—Very variable in size; leaves 4-14’ long, the 3-20 scapes 4-4’ high, and the 6-20 pedicels nearly as long. From the Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mountains, and north to latitude 68°; Behring Strait; Rocky Mountains of Colorado. East Hum- boldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada, and frequent in the Wahsatch and Uin- tas; 6,500-10,000 feet altitude; June-September. (752,) and the more reduced alpine form, (753.) ANDROSACE OCCIDENTALIS, Pursh. Smaller than ordinary forms of the last, with fewer scapes and flowers, broader leaves and involucral leaflets, and larger and more foliaceous calyx-lobes. From Illinois to Arkansas and west 214 BOTANY. to Colorado, New Mexico and Sonora. Jordan Valley, near Salt Lake City, under sage-brush; May. (754.) DoprecatHEoN Meapia, L. From Behring Strait and the Arctic Coast southward to the Saskatchewan, and thence to Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Alabama, Western Texas and Colorado, and on the western coast to Southern California. Collected in the Washoe and Havyallah ranges, Reese Valley, and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas ; 5-10,000 feet altitude ; April-September. (755.) The ordinary dwarf alpine form, 2-8’ high, with 1-few flowers and nar- row or oblong-lanceolate leaves, tapering to the petioles. (756.) Var. FriaipuM. Exactly like specimens of D. frigidum, Ch. & Schl., from Behring Strait; blade of the leaf ovate, narrowing abruptly into the petiole, subrepand; stems 1—2-flowered, 3-5’ high. Similar leaves occur in specimens of undoubted D. Meadia, both from California and the Eastern States. No other difference is perceptible. Found in a single locality in the Wahsatch; 9,000 feet altitude. (757.) Lysmacuia ciuiata, L. From Mississippi to Colorado and north and eastward to the Saskatchewan, Canada, and New Brunswick; Washington Territory. Wahsatch Mountains and Jordan Valley, Utah; 5-6,000 feet altitude; July. (758.) Guaux maritima, L. From Cape Cod to Canada and Newfoundland ; in salt marshes of Northern Dakota and the Saskatchewan Valley ; on the Upper North Platte, (frémont,) and in Colorado ; and on the west coast from the Sacramento River to Sitka. Jordan and Tuilla Valleys, near Salt Lake, Utah; May, June. (759.) Samotus VaLeranpI, L., Var. Americanus, Gray. From Florida to Canada and west to the Pacific; reported from Missouri, Arkansas, Indian Territory, Colorado, New Mexico, Sonora, California and Oregon. Only on Antelope Island in Salt Lake; June. (760.) LENTIBULACEA. UrricuLaRIA VULGARIS, L., Var. AMertcana, Gray. The species occurs from Mississippi to North Carolina, and northward to Newfoundland, Labra- dor, and Mackenzie River; and has been reported from Arkansas, Nebraska, Colorado, and Oregon. Found in Ruby Lake, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude ; August, in flower. (761.) CATALOGUE. 215 UrricunariA MINOR, L. From Rhode Island to Illinois and northward. Flowerless specimens only, probably of this species, were found in Goose Creek Valley, Nevada, and in the Uintas; 5-8,000 feet altitude. (762.) OROBANCHACEZE. PHELIP#A ERIANTHERA, Eng. Proc. Amer. Acad., 7.372. (Orobanche multiflora, Nutt.) Glandular-pubescent, simple or branched; flowers in a close spike, purplish, somewhat curved; calyx deeply 5-cleft, bibracteate at base, the segments long and linear ; anthers tufted with hairs—Stems 3-8’ high, stout and fleshy; the calyx-lobes often much elongated, equaling or exceeding the corolla, which also varies in the size and depth of its divisions and in its color. Scarcely differing but in its woolly anthers from P. Ludovi- ciana, with which specimens collected by Dr. Torrey seem to connect both it and P. comosa. New Mexico and Chihuahua, and frequent in the valleys and mountains of Nevada and Utah, more usually in subalkaline soils; 4—8,000 feet altitude ; June—October. ‘ Too-whoo” of the Pah-Utes, by whom it is eaten. (763.) APHYLLON uNIFLORUM, T. & G. From Newfoundland and Canada to Florida, Missouri and Texas; California and Washington Territory. Wah- satch Mountains ; 7,000 feet altitude; June. (764.) APHYLLON FAscIcuLATUM, T. & G. From Northern Illinois and Lake Michigan to the Saskatchewan; and collected also inColorado, Sonora, Southern California and Washington Territory. East and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, in the Wahsatch, and on Antelope Island; 4,300-7,000 feet altitude; May—July. (765.) SCROPHULARIACEA. Versascum THapsus, L. Introduced about the Mormon settlements of Utah. (766.) Antirruinum Kineu. Annual, 6-18’ high, simple or branched, slender, erect, woolly at base, or puberulent, or nearly glabrous throughout, often with filiform prehensile branchlets; leaves rarely 1’ in length, oblong or usually narrowly lanceolate or linear, attenuated to a short petiole, alternate or the lower ones often opposite, mostly jonger than the flowers, but the uppermost becoming very small; pedicels short (1-3”;) calyx-segments unequal, the posterior one oblong, obtuse, nearly equaling the corolla, the rest oblong, 216 BOTANY. acute, a half shorter; upper lip of the small dull-white corolla 2-lobed, about equaling the palate; capsule globose, 1-2” in diameter, somewhat oblique, terminated by the short straight and very slender style; seed deeply reticu- lated —Flowers 2-3” long. Approaching nearest to A. vagans, Gray, which, however, has the flowers and fruit twice larger, the capsule more oblong and pointed, the persistent style long and deflexed, the petioles considerably shorter and the corolla more saceate. Collected by Stretch in Washoe Valley, and not rare in the dry valleys of Western Nevada from the Washoe to the Shoshone Mountains; also found on Stansbury Island in Salt Lake. PLatTe XXL. Fig. 1. A well developed plant; natural size. Fig. 2. Corolla. Fig. 3. Lower lip of corolla, and stamens. Fig. 4. Calyx; all enlarged four diameters. Fig.5. . te + a CATALOGUE. 259 Nama! pemissa, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8. 283. Annual, hirsute, branches spreading from the slender root, decumbent, 2—6' long; leaves spatulate-linear, 2-1’ long, attenuate to a narrow base; flowers subsessile, the lower solitary in the forks, the upper axillary ; sepals narrow-linear, 2 3” long; corolla 3” long, light-purple ; capsule short-oblong, 14” long or less; seeds 10-12 in each cell, nearly 3” in length, oval, obscurely rugose- pitted— Washington Territory, (Lyall;) Western Nevada, (Frémont, An- derson, Torrey.) Found on the shore of Stansbury Island in Salt Lake; June. Distinguished from JV. hispida by the shorter fewer-seeded capsule and nearly twice longer seeds. The flowers on the present specimens are also always solitary. (888.) POLEMONIACEZ:.? Puiox canescens, T. & G. Gray's Revis. Polemon., Proc. Amer. Acad. 8. 253. Dwarf and matted ceespitose, with a woody perennial much-branched base which is usually covered with the dead leaves of previous seasons, the branchlets densely leafy up to the solitary sessile flowers, woolly-canescent ; leaves 8-4” long, evergreen, rigid, subulate and more or less acerose, scari- ous-connate at base, usually strongly revolute upon the margin, soon spread- ing or somewhat squarrose-recurved from the appressed base; tube of the white corolla more or less (usually a half) exceeding the calyx, the obovate lobes entire or emarginate, 3-4” long; ovules solitary—From the Rocky Mountains of Colorado to New Mexico and west to the Sierras. On the Trinity and West Humboldt Mountains and on a ridge in Monitor Valley, Nevada; 5-7,000 feet altitude; May—July, and in bloom in November. Also found in the Cedar Mountains, west of Salt Lake, by Stansbury, and in the Wahsatch by Mrs. Carrington. (889.) Puuox cmspitosa, Nutt. Gray, Uc. p. 253. Of like habit with the last ; densely or rather loosely cxespitose, the more rigid leaves linear-subulate or oblong-linear, 4-6” long, crowded and often densely so, hispid- or roughish- INAMA, L. Calyx 5-sepaled, persistent. Corolla tubular-funnelform, Stamens subincluded. Style 2, with rather obtuse stigmas. Capsule 2-celled, loculicidal, the septum bearing two laminar placentie projecting into each cell from the axis, which are at first united, at length free—Low annual branching herbs, or perennial or somewhat woody at base, variously pubescent, with alternate or rarely opposite entire leaves, and axillary and terminal flowers. Cirorsy, DC. Prodr. 10, 812. ° The determinations under this order were made by Dr. ASA Gray, and the descriptions are almost wholly drawn from his recent “Revision of the North American Polemoniacex,” and from other notes obligingly furnished by him. 260 BOTANY. ciliate, otherwise glabrous or sparingly glandular-roughened, mostly revolute on the margin; tube of the white corolla a little exceeding the calyx, the lobes obovate, entire, 8” long; ovules solitary —From Colorado to Montana, Oregon and the Sierras. Clover Mountains, Nevada; 10,000 feet altitude ; September. (890.) Var. ricipa, Gray. Depressed; the acerose-subulate leaves at length recurved-spreading, sparingly glandular-roughened.—Oregon, (Douglas.) Found on the highest peak of the Clover Mountains, Nevada; 11,000 feet altitude; September. (891.) A more pubescent form, coming near to P. Douglasii, was also collected on peaks of the East Humboldt Mountains, Ne- vada; 9,000 feet altitude; July. (892.) PuLrox Doverasu, Hook. Gray, 1. c., p. 254. Resembling the last ; cespitose and very much branched, pubescent or nearly glabrous; leaves rather rigid, acerose, usually spreading, less dense, the margins either naked or hirsutish-ciliate at the base; flowers subsessile ; corolla purple or white, the tube more or less exceeding the calyx, the lobes obovate, entire, 3” long; ovules solitary —From the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Montana to the Sierras and Washington Territory. In catons near Carson City, Nevada; April, at 5,000 feet altitude, with the ciliation on the calyx and at the base of the leaves more than usually webby; also at the head of Provo Canon in the Uintas, at 9,000 feet altitude; July. (893.) Var. LoncirouiA, Gray. Branches usually erect from a prostrate rhi- zoma; leaves very narrowly or acerose-linear, 5-8” long, less fascicled —Ap- proaching P. /ongifolia, and occurring “ east of the Rocky Mountains and in Utah.” Not in the collection. Puiox Lonerroira, Nutt. Gray, dc. p. 255. Perennial, woody only at base, glabrous or pubescent; stems erect or ascending, 2-12’ high; leaves slightly rigid, not fascicled, spreading, very narrowly or narrowly linear or sometimes lanceolate, 1-3’ long; flowers solitary or subcymose, long-pedun- cled; calyx-tube usually angled to the base by the infolding of the scarious intercostal membranes ; corolla white or pink, the tube exceeding the narrow- subulate calyx-teeth, the lobes obovate- or oblong-cuneate, entire or retuse ; style elongated and frequently equaling the tube ; ovules almost always soli- tary —F rom the Rocky Mountains of Colorado to Washington Territory and the Sierras. A smooth form was collected-in the East Humboldt Mountains ; 8—9,000 feet altitude; July. (894.) . CATALOGUE. 261 Var. Sranspuryt, Gray. Stouter; the pubescence of the branches and calyx more or less glandular or viscid; leaves usually broader; corolla-tube usually twice longer than the calyx, the lobes either emarginate or erose at the apex; one or two of the cells of the ovary sometimes 2-oyuled —In the southern districts, extending into New Mexico and Arizona. Very common on the mountains and foot-hills through Nevada and Utah; 4,300—9,000 feet altitude; May-July. (895.) Subvar. BREVIFOLIA, Gray. Usually dwarf; leaves either narrowly or oblong-lanceolate, about 3’ long.—Very frequent on the mountains and foot- hills through Nevada; 4,500-8,000 feet altitude; April-July. (896.) Cottomia! GRANpIFLoRA, Dougl. Gray., /.¢., p. 259. Annual, erect, 1-2° high, more or less viscid-pubescent or glandular; leaves sessile, linear or oblong-lanceolate, entire or sometimes sparingly incised ; flowers capitate- crowded and leafy-bracted, or a few subsolitary in the forks; calyx obconical, the lobes broad and obtuse ; corolla buff or light salmon-color, (rarely white, ) narrow-funnelform, 1/ long; ovules solitary ; seeds with very numerous spiri- cles—West of the Rocky Mountains, from latitude 48° to Nevada and South- ern California. Frequent on the foot-hills and mountains through Nevada and Utah; 4,500-6,000 feet altitude ; June, July. (897.) CoLtomia Linearis, Nutt. Gray, lc. p. 259. More branching or spreading with age, 6-18’ high ; calyx-lobes triangular-lanceolate, acute ; corolla light-blue or nearly white, 2’ long, slender, but little enlarged at the throat, the limb small; otherwise as in the last—From the Mackenzie to Kansas, Nevada and the Pacific. With the last, frequent; May-July. (898.) Var. suputata, Gray. A span high, loosely much branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate or linear, narrowed at each end, acute; lower clusters of flowers rather loose and few- (sometimes single-) flowered ; calyx-lobes slender-subulate or almost awn-pointed from a broad base, rather longer than the tube.—Middle California to Southern Oregon and Western Nevada, (Stretch.) A low diffusely branched and loosely flowered form, near this variety, was collected in the East Humboldt Mountains; 7,000 feet altitude ; July, August. (899.) 1COLLOMIA, Nutr. Corolla tubular-funnelform or salverform with a more or less dilated throat. Filaments slender, unequally inserted, usually protruded. Oyules solitary, few or many in each cell. Seed-coat developing mucilage and projecting numerous spiral threads (spiricles) when wetted, (except in C. gracilis. —Annuals or some biennials, with alternate leaves, (or only the lower ones opposite,) W hich are usually pinnately incised or divided, and with clustered or sometimes scattered flowers. 262 BOTANY. CoLLOMIA TENELLA, Gray; /.¢., p. 259. “Annual, slender, 3 4’ high, viscous-puberulent ; leaves linear with a long tapering base, entire, obtusish, the lowest opposite; flowers solitary in all the forks almost from the base, remote, nearly sessile ; calyx broadly obconic, barely 2” long, the lobes trian- gular, acute, shorter than the broadly turbinate tube; corolla purplish, at length 4” long, narrow, almost salverform; ovules solitary ; seeds with numer- ous spiricles—In the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wah- satch ; 7,000 feet altitude; June, July. (900.) CoLLomiA GRACILIS, Dougl. Gray, /. ¢., p. 259. Annual, viscid-pubes- cent, at length corymbosely much branched and spreading, 2—6' high; leaves sessile, lanceolate or linear or the lowest oval or obovate, entire, the lower often opposite ; flowers rather loosely cymose or scattered ; calyx rounded at base, nearly 5-parted, with subulate-linear segments ; corolla 5” long, purple or violet, nearly salverform, the narrow tube yellowish and seldom exceed- ing the calyx; ovules solitary; seeds without spiricles——Very variable. From Colorado, Arizona, and Southern California to Washington Territory Frequent on the mountains and foot-hills through Nevada and Utah; 4,500- 6,000 feet altitude; April—June. (901.) CoLLomia LEPTALEA, Gray; /.c., p.261. Annual, glabrous or minutely glandular ; stem slender, 3-10! high, branching into an effuse panicle ; pedi- cels scattered and 1-flowered, almost capillary, (3-12” long,) naked ; leaves all entire, scattered, narrow-linear ; corolla white or pale purple, about 4’ long, its slender tube usually twice the length of the calyx, expanding above into an ample funnelform throat longer than the ovate lobes; filaments very une- qually inserted in the throat; anthers very short; cells about 6-ovuled.-— Slopes of the California Sierras; also found in the Truckee Valley, Nevada, near Glendale, by W. W. Bailey. Puate. XXV. Fig. 1. A plant, of the natural size. Fig. 2. A flower; enlarged three diameters. (902.) Giu1a! uintFLora, Benth. Gray, /.c., p. 263. Annual, erect or at length diffuse, 6-18’ high, minutely hispidulous-hirsute or usually nearly glabrous, loosely panicled above ; leaves opposite, frequently alternate above, palmately 8—7-parted, the segments 3-1’ long, nearly filiform, entire; flowers 1GILIA, Ruiz & Pay. Corolla from salyerform or funnelform to campanulate or rotate. Stamens equally inserted in or below the throat or sinuses of the corolla and mostly equal; filaments not declined, naked (rarely pubescent) at the base. Ovules sometimes solitary, commonly few or many in each cell, Seed-coat (with few exceptions) developing mucilage or spiricles when wetted.—Herbs, or in a few cases suffruticose; leaves, &c., various. oa CATALOGUE. 263 scattered, on capillary pedicels 5-15” long; corolla white, 2-3 times exceed- ing the calyx, rotate when fully expanded, 5-parted nearly to the very short tube, the lobes obovate, entire, 4-6’ long; filaments inserted at the top of the tube, pubescent at base; anthers oyal; ovules 6-8 in each cell.—Califor- nia. Var. PHARNACEOIDES, Gray. Smaller, with the corolla-lobes 2-34” long, sometimes slightly flesh-colored.—To Fraser’s River and east to the Rocky Mountains. Pah-Ute Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 5-7,000 feet altitude; June, July. (903.) GiL14 PUSILLA, Benth. Gray, /.c., p. 263. Annual; stems very slen- der, diffuse, 2-6’ high, minutely hispid-scabrous or nearly glabrous; leaves opposite or the uppermost alternate, palmately 3—7-parted, the segments fili- form-subulate, 8-5" long; flowers scattered, on capillary pedicels 5-10” long ; corolla purplish with a yellow throat or nearly white, short and open funnel- form, the broadly obovate entire lobes equaling or exceeding the subcampan- ulate throat and very short tube; filaments inserted below the sinuses, nearly glabrous at base; anthers oval; ovules 3-5 in each cell. Var. Carrrornica, Gray. Corolla-lobes larger, 2-3” long, twice longer than the calyx, the throat sometimes brownish.—Foot-hills of the Sierras. Specimens approach- ing the typical Chilian form were collected in the Toyabe Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ; 6,000 feet altitude; June, July. (904.) Gi1a BiceLoyn, Gray; Zc. p. 265. Annual, erect and usually slender, 4-12’ high, glabrous; leaves opposite, palmately 3—5-divided or sometimes all entire, filiform or nearly so; flowers inconspicuous, terminal or in the forks, subsessile; calyx cylindric, white-scarious excepting the ribs, which are prolonged into acerose-linear curved teeth; corolla whitish, salverform, hardly exceeding the calyx, the broadly cuneate-oboyate lobes not over 2” long and but half or a third as long as the tube, minutely crenulate or erose, strongly convolute in estivation; stamens included in the tube, the filaments slender, inserted below or above its middle; anthers oval; cells 20—40 ovuled; capsule cylindric or oblong; seeds oval or oblong, the close coat co- piously mucilaginous—Western Texas to Arizona and Nevada. Foot-hills of the Truckee and Trinity Mountains, Western Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude ; May. Puats. XXV. Fig. 3. A plant; natural size. Fig. 4. A flower, with the calyx laid open. Fig. 5. The corolla, laid open. Fig. 6. The ovary. Fig. 7. The mature capsule; all twice enlarged. (905.) GLIA ANDROSACEA, Steud. Gray, 1 c., p. 265. Annual; stems erect 264 BOTANY. or spreading, 3-12’ high, minutely pubescent or scabrous; leaves opposite and fascicled, palmately 5-7-parted, the segments linear-filiform, villous- or subaculeate-ciliate ; flowers crowded with the bracts into capitate clusters ; corolla salyerform, the filiform tube 1’ or less long, thrice the length of the oval or ovate entire lobes and much exserted beyond the hirsute- or villous- ciliate bracts and subtending leaves, the limb 8-10” in diameter, lilac, pink or nearly white, with a yellow or dark very short and abruptly dilated throat ; filaments slender, inserted in the. throat, more or less exserted but shorter than the corolla-lobes; anthers short: cells 6—10-ovuled.—California. Var. petonsa, Gray. Nearly glabrous, the bracts and leaves merely hispidulous- ciliate. A somewhat intermediate form was collected near Carson City by Dr. Anderson. GILIA MICRANTHA, Steud. Gray, 1c. p. 266. Resembling the last, slender, 3-7’ high; corolla-tube extremely slender, 3-14’ long, 4-6 times ex- ceeding its (2-3”) lobes; bracts with short and soft pubescence or sometimes California and hirsute-ciliate ; corolla yellow, cream-color or purplish-white. Nevada. Gina cruata, Benth. Gray, d.c., p. 266. Resembling the preceding, rigid, rough, 8-12’ high, the taller stems virgate; corolla-tube 6-7’ long, scarcely exceeding the very hirsute or hispid-ciliate bracts and leaves; the lobes 13” long; calyx-lobes acerose—Rose-color fading to white; stems gray- ish with short pubescence; leaves and bracts fringed with both rigid and soft spreading hairs. California and Nevada. GILIA NUDICAULIS, Gray; Zc. p.266. Annual, very glabrous, 1-4’ high, at length branching from the base ; stem leafless from the cotyledons to the capitate inflorescence, which is subtended by an involucre of several ovate- lanceolate or lanceolate sessile entire foliaceous bracts; corolla white, pink or yellow, salverform, the tube 3-4” long and thrice the length of the calyx, the cuneate lobes 2-3” long, somewhat undulate-toothed or decidedly 1-3-dentate at the broad apex; anthers sessile in the somewhat dilated throat, short, in- cluded; ovules numerous.—Interior of Oregon, Nevada, (Anderson, Stretch, ) and South Park, Colorado, (Hall.) Found under sage-brush near Empire City, Nevada; April. (906.) Gitta Nurrauuu, Gray; Z¢., p. 267. Puberulent; stems numerous from a perennial woody base, slender, simple or loosely branched ; leaves opposite, mostly shorter than the internodes, palmately parted into 3-7 narrow-linear CATALOGUE. 265 mucronate or acerose divisions, 6-9” long; flowers crowded into a leafy clus- ter; corolla white with a yellow throat, fragrant, salverform with a very short dilated funnelform throat, the tube puberulent, not exceeding the narrow calyx, rather longer than the oblong-obovate (2—3’) lobes; filaments short, inserted in the throat, slightly exserted; anthers ovate-oblong; cells 2-ovuled.— From Colorado and Utah to the Sierras; near Carson City, Nevada, (Ander- son.) On rocky ridges in the East Humboldt Mountains, and Wahsatch ; 8,500-9,000 feet altitude; July, August. Puare XXVI. Fig. 8. A branch; natural size. Fig. 9. Calyx; and Fig. 10. Corolla; enlarged two diame- ters. (907.) Gitta Warsont, Gray; @.¢., p. 267. Roughish-puberulent and glandu- lar or at length smoothish; stems short (3—5‘) and tufted, slender and almost herbaceous, from a woody perennial base ; leaves all opposite, not much fasci- cled, widely spreading, palmately 3-5-parted, the slender entire acerose seg- ments (6-8” long) often shorter than the internodes; calyx-lobes acerose, barely half the length of the tube; flowers solitary or few in a cluster at the extremities of the branchlets; corolla dull pinkish-white with purplish throat, salverform, the tube and lobes each 4 long; filaments short, inserted on or below the somewhat funnelform throat; anthers at the orifice, short; cells 10-ovuled; the close seed-coat not developing spiricles nor mucilage when wetted.—On rocky ridges upon Stansbury Island, Salt Lake, and in the Wah- satch and Uintas; 5,500-8,000 feet altitude; June-August. Puare XXVI. Fig. 1. A stem with a portion of the base ; natural size. Fig. 2. The calyx; enlarged two diameters. Fig. 3. Corolla; natural size. Fig. 4. Ovary. Fig. 5. Capsule; each enlarged two diameters. (908.) Gitta punceNs, Benth. Gray, l.c., p. 268. Perennial, with decidedly woody stems, the branches and mostly erectish or little-spreading leaves viscid-pubescent or glabrate; leaves alternate, somewhat rigid, thickly fas- cicled in the axils, palmately 8—7-parted, the segments entire and with the calyx-lobes acerose or subulate and pungent; flowers sessile, solitary or few in a terminal cluster; corolla pink, white or yellow, salverform, the tube at length more or less exceeding the calyx, the wedge-obovate lobes 2-4” long; anthers in the somewhat funnelform throat oblong ; cells 8-10-ovuled ; seed-coat close, without mucilage or spiricles——Very variable. From the Upper Platte to the Columbia and south to Arizona and California, Trinity 34 266 BOTANY. and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 6—9,000 feet altitude ; May—August In rather dense tufts, 6-10' high. (909.) Var. squarrosa, Gray. Taller, 1-2° high, with stouter squarrose spread- ing or recurved leaves on virgate erect branches.—From the Columbia to Nevada and Utah. On foot-hills from the Pah-Ute to the Shoshone Moun- tains, Nevada, and on Carrington Island; 4,200—-5,000 feet altitude; June, July. (910.) GILIA INTERTEXTA, Steud. Gray, /. c., p. 269. Annual; stem low, (1-10',) much branched, pubescent with white hairs; leaves glabrous except at base, alternate, pinnately divided, the acerose-spinescent segments widely divaricate, sparingly again divided or often simple; flowers capitate-crowded and often densely bracted, the base of the leafy bracts and the calyx-tube very villous with long white spreading hairs; corolla white, 4” long, the slender funnelform tube rather shorter than the rigid and spinulose often divided calyx-lobes, the corolla-lobes oval or oblong; stamens inserted in or below the throat, exsert and at length equaling the lobes; anthers short; ovules and seeds 3-4 in each cell—From Columbia River to Northern California and eastward in the Rocky Mountains. East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 7,000 feet altitude; August. A single specimen. (911.) GILIA MINIMA, Gray; 4. ¢., p. 269. Resembling the last, but stems very low, ($-1' high,) simple or branched, white-pubescent; leaves less divided ; bracts densely crowded, almost hiding the small white flowers, nearly glabrous, the calyx slighty white-hairy only in the sinuses; calyx-teeth unequal, entire, or two of them often somewhat divided; corolla 14” long, but little exceeding the calyx-tube; stamens shorter than the corolla-lobes ; cells 1—3- ovuled, 1-seeded.—Near Fort Walla-Walla, (Nuttall;) Colorado, (Vasey.) Found in Parley’s Park in the Wahsatch; 6,000 feet altitude; June, July. (912.) Gita Brewert, Gray ;/.c., p.269. Resembling the preceding; minutely glandular-puberulent throughout without white hairs; stems 1-6’ high, branched; heads less crowded and less densely bracted; corolla yellow, equaling the entire calyx-lobes, 3-4 long; stamens equaling or exceeding the lobes; ovary-cells 1—-2-ovuled ; capsule exceeding the calyx-tube, cells Ebbet’s and Amidor Passes, California, (2015 and 2109 Brewer.) East and West Humboldt Mountains, and in the Wahsatch with the last; 6-9,000 feet altitude; June, July. (918. l-seeded; seeds 3-1” long. CATALOGUE. 267 a Gira sETosissima, Gray; /.c., p. 271. Annual, depressed, 1-4’ high, at length diffusely branched, somewhat pubescent throughout; leaves 6-9" long, narrowly cuneate, ciliate towards the base with stout geminate bristles, the apex 2-3” wide, with 3 triangular-ovate teeth tipped with a single bristle ; bracts similar ; flowers scarcely crowded ; calyx-lobes subulate, tipped with a scabrous bristle as long as the lobe; corolla light-blue, narrowly fun- nelform, 6-9” long, the tube much exserted, pubescent, the lobes oblong, acutish, 2” long; stamens unequal, inserted just below the sinuses, exserted ; anthers oblong, 3 long; capsule 3” long, oblong, triangular, 6-seeded or more.—Southeastern California, Arizona, Southern Nevada, (Frémont) and Southern Utah, (Palmer, 1870.) Gin1a Scuorru. (Navarretia, Torr. G. setosissina, Var. exigua, Gray ; ic.) Much resembling the last; leaves linear-oblong, 1-2” wide, of nearly uniform width to the clasping base, truncately 3-toothed at the scarcely broader apex, obscurely toothed laterally with simple bristles ; corolla white, 5” long, the tube not exserted ; anthers much smaller, subrounded, 3” long ; capsule 14” long, ovate, about 12-seeded, (3-5-ovuled, Gvay.)—Northern Arizona, (Ives;) Southern Utah, (Palmer, 1870.) The specimens of these two forms collected by Dr. Palmer are so well-marked that both Dr. Torrey’s species are retained. Gira rioccosa, Gray; /.¢., p. 272. Annual, rather slender, 4-12’ high, at length diffusely panicled, floccose-woolly, at least when young; leaves alternate, simply pinnately parted or some of them entire, the few segments narrow-subulate; flowers capitate-crowded, the 3—5-cleft bracts and calyx densely clothed with long and tangled white wool, their lobes acerose or subulate and cuspidate; corolla salverform, 4-8” long, blue or becoming white, the lobes oblong or ovate, nearly 3” long; anthers exserted, linear- oblong, sagittate, hardly over 2” long; cells 1-2-(sometimes 3-4-) ovuled.— From Oregon to California, Arizona, Utah, and Colorado, Truckee, Carson, and Ruby Valleys, Nevada; 4,500-6,000 feet altitude ; July—Sep- tember. (914.) Gina Fiuirotia, Nutt. Gray, 1c, p. 272. Xesembling the last, slender, 3-10’ high; flowers rather smaller, the lobes of the corolla but 1-2” long, the tube scarcely exserted ; anthers oval, 4-3” long; cells 4—6-ovuled.— Southern California and eastward to Utah, New Mexico and Western Texas. On foot-hills and ridges between the East and West Humboldt Ranges, 268 BOTANY. Nevada; June, July ; 5—-6,000 feet altitude. The specimens are referred to Var. pirrusa by Dr. Gray, but as ‘too near small forms of the last.” They are apparently only an early undeveloped state of G. floccosa, (915.) Git1a Gunnisons, T. & G. Gray, lc, p. 273. Annual, a span high, slender, more or less woolly-pubescent when young, at length almost glabrous, loosely paniculate-branched ; leaves scattered, entire, lmear-filiform ; flowers in smaller heads, terminating slender peduncle-like branches; bracts short, lanceolate, entire, short-cuspidaté like the triangular calyx-lobes ; corolla white or nearly so, salverform, the tube slightly exceeding the calyx and longer than the oval or oblong lobes ; stamens shorter than the lobes, inserted in or near the sinuses; anthers ovate; cells 2—3-ovuled—Sandy banks of Green River, Utah, (Gunnison ;) Northern New Mexico, (Newberry.) Gia congesta, Hook. Gray, @.¢., p. 274. Perennial, more or less woolly-pubescent, stems 3-127 high, erect or spreading from a tufted base, bearing single terminal or few and corymbose close heads; leaves alternate, pinnately parted with 3-7 mucronate linear segments, or some of them entire; corolla white, salverform, the tube 2” long, about equaling the oval lobes, not exceeding the usually awned calyx-segments ; filaments inserted in the sinuses, at length equaling the anthers; cells 2-4-ovuled—From Colorado to Oregon and the Sierras. From Roberts Station to Holmes Creek Valley, on the foot-hills and mountains ; 6—10,000 feet altitude; July-September. (916.) Var. CREBRIFOLIA, Gray. Depressed and czspitose-crowded; stems many, 2-3! high, crowded with glabrous or slightly woolly subulate entire or trifid leaves; bracts subulate, short; flower-clusters solitary.—Southwestern Wyoming, (Nuttall.) Foot-hills of Bear River Valley, Utah, near Evanston; 6,000 feet altitude; July. (917.) Gina PumiLA, Nutt. Gray, / c, p. 274. Annual; stems loosely woolly, at least when young, leafy, 3-4’ high; leaves alternate, narrow-linear, entire, or pinnately 2—5-parted with diverging linear mucronate lobes; flowers leafy-bracted, cy mose-clustered or at length loose; corolla white, salverform, the tube 3-4” long, about thrice exceeding its lobes and twice longer than the short-awned calyx-lobes; filaments slender, inserted at the sinuses, shorter than the corolla-lobes; cells about 6- (sometime 2—3-) oyuled—From Western Nebraska and Wyoming to Western Texas and New Mexico. Foot-hills of the Truckee Mountains, Nevada; 4,500 feet altitude; May. (918.) GILIA POLYCLADON, Torr. Gray, 1. ¢., p. 274. Annual; stems puberu- CATALOGUE. 269 lent or sparsely pubescent, diffuse and subdecumbent, 4-8’ long ; leaves very few, alternate, pinnatifid or incised, with short oblong abruptly spinulose- mucronate lobes, those subtending the cymose cluster longer than the flowers ; corolla pinkish-white, 12-2” long, salverform, the tube hardly exceeding the mucronate-awned calyx-lobes ; anthers in the throat, on very short filaments ; cells 2-ovuled.—-New Mexico to Utah and Western Nevada. Foot-hills of the Virginia, Trinity, and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and on the sandy shore of Stansbury Island; 4,300-5,000 feet altitude ; May, June. (919.) GILIA AGGREGATA, Spreng. Gray, 1. c., p. 275. Biennial, more or less pubescent ; stems 1-4° high, less leafy above and often loosely branching ; leaves alternate, simply pinnately-parted, with narrow-linear mostly bluntish mucronulate segments; panicle mostly with loose and open branches; bracts inconspicuous ; calyx commonly glandular, its lobes subulate (or subdeltoid in Var. Bridgesii ;) corolla scarlet, varying to light-pink, tubular-funnelform, 6-20” long, with ovate or lanceolate acute widely spreading or soon recurved lobes; stamens inserted in the throat or below the sinuses, exserted or in- cluded, not exceeding the corolla; anthers oval or short-oblong; ovules numerous—Very variable, especially in the calyx. From the Upper Platte and Missouri Rivers to New Mexico and Arizona, and west to the Columbia and California. Found in the mountains and higher valleys from the Sierras to the Wahsatch; 6—8,000 feet altitude; May—September. (920.) A form with the corolla white, finely dotted with scarlet, is not rare. ()21.) Gin1a susnupa, Torr. Gray, /.c., p. 276. Biennial, glandular-puberu- lent; stems 6-12/ high, nearly naked above and loosely panicled; leaves 1’ long, crowded at the subwoody base, spatulate or oblong, tapering into a margined petiole, mostly with a few coarse teeth or short lobes, the upper decreasing to linear remote bracts ; flowers rather crowded in the few clus- ters, inconspicuously bracted; calyx-lobes subulate, shorter than the tube ; corolla orange or scarlet, narrowly tubular-funnelform, the tube (2’ long) thrice exceeding the ovate obtuse lobes; anthers included in the throat, on very short filaments; ovules numerous.—Arizona or New Mexico, and also collected by Stretch in Western Nevada. Gitia stenoruyrsa, Gray;.c, p. 276. Biennial, glandular-puberulent, a span or more high; stem stout, simple, very leafy up to the narrow virgate thyrsus; leaves alternate, simply pinnately-cleft with short oblong lobes, the floral ones and bracts small and entire ; calyx-lobes triangular ; corolla white, 270 BOTANY. 3’ long, salverform, the tube rarely twice longer than the calyx and little exceeding the obovate lobes, which are shorter than the slender moderately exserted filaments; anthers ovate; cells about 6-ovuled ; seed-coat without mucilage or spiricles—Cedar forest on the southern slope of the Uintas, (#rémont.) GILIA TENERRIMA, Gray; Z.¢., p.277. Annual, slender, 10’ high, very diffusely branched from the base with numerous scattered divaricate almost filiform branchlets, minutely glandular-pubescent; leaves alternate, lmear or the radical ones lanceolate, the upper ones becoming very small, entire ; flowers small, solitary, terminal on the branchlets ; calyx less than the broad- oval or globose capsule; cells 1-seeded; seed ovoid.—Corolla unknown. Bear River Valley, near Evanston; 6,000 feet altitude; July. (922.) Ginia inconspicua, Dougl. Gray, lc. p. 278. Annual, mostly low, (4-12' high,) more or less pubescent or glabrate, branched and loosely pani- cled; leaves alternate, the lower 1—-2-pinnatifid or pinnate-toothed ; flowers scattered on slender pedicels, inconspicuously bracted or bractless ; corolla purple or blue, rarely white, 3-5’ long, funnelform with the throat more or less dilated, 2-3 times the length of the calyx, the tube little or not at all exserted, the lobes ovate or obovate and mostly exceeding the stamens; filaments slender, inserted in or just below the sinuses ; cells many- ovuled—Very variable. From the Platte to the Columbia, and southward to Arizona and Southern California. Very frequent in the valleys and on the foot-hills from the Sierras to the Wahsatch; 4-6,500 feet altitude; May- July. (923.) Var. stnuara, Gray. Corolla larger, the tube more or less exserted, the lobes often 2” long and the stamens sometimes equaling them; radical leaves often simply pinnatifid——Near Carson City and in Truckee Pass, Nevada ; April, May. (924.) Also, in the latter locality, a form with the stamens ex- ceeding the lobes. (925.) Specimens were also collected in Washoe Valley and in the Trinity Mountains, Nevada, with the calyx and upper leaves glandular-yiscid, thus approaching Var. ARENARIA of the California coast, but with the white corolla shorter. (926.) GILIA LEPTOMERIA, Gray; /.¢., p. 278. Annual, low, (3-6’,) diffusely much branched, obscurely glandular, otherwise glabrous; radical leaves spatulate or lanceolate, slightly pinnatifid with short pointed lobes, the cauline PLATE XXVI CATALOGUE. 271 alternate, mostly linear and entire, reduced on the branches to minute bracts; flowers numerous, very loosely panicled, the slender pedicels sometimes shorter than the calyx; corolla nearly white, slender funnelform, approaching salverform, 14” to at length 3” long, the tube from once becoming twice the length of the calyx and of the ovate sometimes sinuate-toothed lobes; stamens inserted in the sinuses, shorter than the lobes; ovules numerous ; seeds small, 4” or less in length, the close coat without mucilage or spiricles.— Resembling depauperate forms of G. inconspicua, but well marked by the narrower corolla and by the seeds. Truckee Pass of the Virginia Mountains, near Humboldt Lake, and in Unionville Valley, Nevada, and on Stansbury Island in Salt Lake; May, June. Prater XXVI. Fig. 6. A plant; natural size, Fig.8. A young flower. Figs. 7 and 9. Older flowers, with elongated corollas. Fig. 11. Mature opened capsule; all enlarged four diameters. (927.) Gia micromerta, Gray; 7. ¢c., p. 279. Annual, nearly glabrous, lax and slender, 2—4’ high, diffusely much branched; radical and lower cauline leaves pinnatifid with oblong obtuse divaricate lobes, on the branches linear and entire; flowers minute, scattered on long and capillary spreading or at length recurved pedicels ; corolla nearly white, oblong-campanulate, 1” long, little exceeding the calyx, the lobes short; stamens inserted nearly in the sinuses, shorter than the corolla; capsule globose, longer than the style, cells about 6-ovuled; seeds as in the last—Truckee Valley, and near Hum- boldt Lake, and in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 4—6,000 feet altitude; May-July. Prare XXVI. Fig. 12. A plant; natural size. Fig. 13. A flower; enlarged eight diameters. Fig. 14. The corolla, laid open. Fig. 15. Mature capsule; enlarged four diameters. (928.) GiL1A CAMPANULATA, Gray; Zc, p. 279. Annual, small, 1-2’ high, spreading, somewhat viscid-pubescent; lower leaves lanceolate, sparingly pinnatifid-toothed, on the branches linear-lanceolate, sometimes entire; flowers loosely panicled on slender pedicels often shorter than the flower; corolla nearly white, 3-4” long, campanulate, moderately 5-lobed, twice longer than the calyx, the included stamens inserted into the broad base ; anthers oblong; capsule globose, cells about 7-ovuled.— Sandy sage-plain near the Big Bend of the Truckee, Nevada; May. Puare XXVI. Fig. 16. Plant; natural size. Fig. 17. Flower, laid open; enlarged two diameters. Fig. 18. Mature capsule; enlarged four diameters. (929.) PoLemonium coxrertum, Gray; /. c., p. 280. Perennial, a span or less ae BOTANY. high, from a tufted creeping rootstock, glandular-viscid and musk-scented ; leaflets small and numerous, 1—4” long, mostly as if whorled or fascicled, being 2-5-divided and sessile, the segments varying from round-oyal to linear-oblong; flowers capitate-crowded, or in fruit racemose-spicate, honey- scented, nodding; calyx-lobes narrow, the cylindric or oblong tube twice longer; corolla 8’-1' long, blue, the narrow-funnelform tube exceeding the calyx and mostly 2-3 times longer than its rounded lobes; filaments barely hairy and searcely dilated at base—Rocky Mountains, latitude 88—49°, and in the Sierras; alpine. In the Wahsatch and Uintas, on rocky peaks ; 12,000 feet altitude; August. (930.) Var. MELLITUM, Gray. Laxer both in leaflets and in inflorescence, with the paler or whitish corolla 1’ long, the lobes one-fourth the length of the narrow tube—Rocky Mountains of Colorado. East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, ona rocky peak; 10,500 feet altitude; August. (931.) PoLEMONIUM C&RULEUM, L. Gray, fc. p. 281. New York and New Jersey, rare; common from the Rocky Mountains to California, Alaska and the Arctic regions. Glabrous or viscid pubescent ; corolla most usually blue ; the seeds angled and often more or less winged. On stream banks and in meadows, Huntington and Ruby Valleys, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 6-8,000 feet altitude; June-August. (9382.) Var. FoLtosissmium, Gray. Very viscid-pubescent ; stems 2° high with the corymbose branches very leafy to the top; leaflets frequently confluent on a wing-margined rachis; stamens and style mostly shorter than the smaller white corolla, which is twice or more longer than the calyx.—In the Rocky Mountains, from Wyoming to New Mexico. East Humboldt Moun- tains, and in the Wahsatch; 7—9,000 feet altitude; June-August. (933. PoLeMoNIUM MIcRANTHUM, Benth. Gray, @.¢, p. 282. Annual, some- what viscid-pubescent, branching, weak and diffuse, 3-8’ high; leaflets simple, 5-13, obovate or lanceolate, 2-4” long; flowers scattered or solitary on the branches; calyx deeply 5-cleft, decidedly longer than the white or whitish almost rotate corolla; filaments nearly naked, somewhat dilated at base; oyules 2-3 in each cell—Nearly prostrate and much resembling an Ellisia.. Washington Territory. On damp foot-hills near Carson City, Nevada; 4,500 feet altitude; April. (984.) CATALOGUE. ite CONVOLVULACE&. CALYSTEGIA SEPIUM, R. Br. From Florida to Canada and the Saskatche- wan; New Mexico, Southern Idaho, (Burke,) and on the Western Coast from the Columbia to Southern California, but rather rare. Humboldt Pass, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ; 5—6,000 feet altitude ; July-September (935.) Cressa* Cretica, L. Stem branched, scarcely 1° high, canescent; leaves ovate, acute, obtuse at base, sessile, crowded, hoary-pubescent, 2-3” long; flowers subsessile in the upper axils, spicate or capitate ; sepals ovate- lanceolate, 1-2” long; corolla scarcely longer. Var. TruxiLLensts, Chois. DC. Prodr. 9.140. ‘Stems elongated ; leaves oblong and smaller; capsules 4-seeded.”—Northern Mexico and Southern California. American specimens in Herb. Gray., which are all referred to this variety, show the leaves quite variable in size and shape, the flowers nearly sessile or on pedicels 2-3” long, and the seeds in some cases solitary, large and oblong, in others 4, (as in these specimens, which agree well with South American ones,) small and compressed. Banks of Bear River near Brigham City, Salt Lake Valley ; October. (336.) CuscuTa TENUIFLORA, Eng. From Illinois and Missouri to the Upper Missouri ; New Mexico, Arizona, and Washington Territory, (Lyall.) Hum- boldt Pass, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude; September; on Aster and Caly stegia. (937.) | CuscuTa Cauirornica, Chois. Engelmann’s Rev. Cusc., Trans. St. Louis Acad. 1. 499. Flowers on slender pedicels, loosely paniculate ; calyx small, turbinate, 5-cleft, with triangular or lanceolate, acute or acuminate and some- times recurved lobes; corolla-lobes very slender, lance-linear, acute or acu- minate, erect or spreading, in fruit mostly erect or connivent ; scales wanting or indicated by a narrow membrane connecting the adnate bases of the fila- ments; styles capillary, unequal, at least equaling the small usually globose ovary ; stigmas capitate; capsule indehiscent, baccate, enveloped by the corolla; seeds often solitary, subglobose, strongly hooked, 3” long. Var. GRACILIFLORA, Eng. Flowers slender, 14-24” long, the corolla-tube as long as the very narrow lobes and often exceeding the calyx ; filaments often short, or equaling or exceeding the linear-oblong anthers; styles equaling or much 'CRESSA, L. Sepals 5. Corolla funnelform, 5-cleft. Stamens exserted. Styles 2; stigmas eapl- tate. Ovary simple, 2-celled, 4-ovuled. Capsule dehiscent, 2-celled, 1-4-seeded, Embryo cotyledonous. Cuots, DC, Prodr. 35 274 BOTANY. exceeding the ovary. —California. East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, Jordan Valley and in the Wahsatch, Utah; 5-7,500 feet altitude; July, August. An early specimen, probably the same, was collected in Truckee Valley. Indiscriminate in its attachments, scarcely two of the numerous specimens growing on plants of the same genus. (938.) Var. (?) squamicERA, Eng; Z.¢., p. 499. Flowers 2-23” long, on shorter pedicels, in rather crowded subglobose clusters; calyx-lobes lanceolate, acuminate, equaling the open fuimelform corolla-tube ; corolla-lobes lanceo- late, as long as the tube, at last spreading ; anthers oblong-linear, cordate at base, on very short filaments; scales spatulate, fringed, shorter than the tube, incurved; styles as long as the very acute ovary ; capsule apiculate, 1-seeded, enveloped below by the corolla-tube.—Collected by Remy in Southern Utah, near the Rio Virgen, on Sue@da. Intermediate between this species and C. subinclusa, Dur. & Hilg. SOLANACEZ. Sonanum nigrum, L. Unionville Valley, Nevada. Introduced. (939.) SoLANUM UMBELLIFERUM, Esch. DC. Prodr. 13. 93. Pubescent throughout ; stem shrubby, 6° high, angled, fistulous, branches pendent ; leaves petioled, ovate, acute, entire, 1-13’ long; flowers in terminal 4- (sometimes 2—3-) flowered umbels, with a small urceolate entire involucre ; peduncles equal, elongated ; calyx urceolate, 5-cleft, with acute lobes ; corolla thrice longer than the calyx, pale-violet, 5-cleft, at first subcampanulate, after- ward rotate; filaments very short, broader at base; anthers yellow, at first terminally, then laterally dehiscent; style straight; stigma capitate; berry large, purple—California ;_ varying much in the size and form ot the leaves and degree of pubescence. Collected by Anderson near Carson City, with the calyx-lobes rather obtuse. Prysatis puBEscENS, Willd. Florida to New England and west to New Mexico, Arkansas, the Upper Platte and Missouri, and Lake Winnipeg. Wahsatch Mountains, Utah; 5,000 feet altitude; May. (940.) Oryctes' Nevapensis. Small, 2-4’ high, scurfy and viscid-pubescent ; LORYCTES. Calyx herbaceous, 5-cleft, not becoming inflated. Corolla tubular, with a short equally 5-toothed scarcely spreading border. Stamens 5, equal, or 1 or 2 shorter, with elongated filiform filaments inserted at the base of the tube; anthers rounded-cordate, the cells oblong, free below the insertion of the filament. Style somewhat dilated upward ; stigma capitate, emarginate. Capsule sessile, globose, 2-celled, membranous. Seeds numerous, flattened, orbicular, margined, the testa reticulate ; hilum lateral; embryo straight, short, terete, at the base of the small albumen ; cotyledons short.—A low annual, erect, branched; leaves petioled ; flowers pedicelled, in axillary umbels. =! : a 7 7 a ee ay : : = ; 7 oe : * a Ss - - | - - n : a ae a an - oa - - - — = : ~ - - “i ov s > aa 7 a _ - _ = 7 a > i > = a a 7 rn 7 - ; > rey : = .* i 2 i : : , : : 7 ' 2 = . ey : , ‘ y : - ob > 7 . ss ae vey a re | 5 - : => - . = 7 sat _ a - a n a = aad - —_ . a 7 = 7 : a : -_ - + - < == a. ns ar = = i — - o » 7 cy t ] = - A YY ATE XXVII1,. CATALOGUE. 275 leaves 1-2’ long, ovate, oblong or lanceolate, attenuate into the petiole, entire, undulate-margined; flowers small, in axillary umbels of 3-4, on short pedi- cels; calyx 13-2’ long, campanulate, the ovate acutish lobes twice longer than the tube, enlarging in fruit and equaling the capsule; corolla 3” long, blue or purplish, plicate in estivation, scarcely at all dilated above, the lobes short, triangular, erect; stamens and style nearly equaling the corolla, or some of the stamens shorter; capsule 23” in diameter; seeds 10-20, 14’ broad, narrowly margined, the cavity of the flattened testa much exceeding the small albumen.—On stony barren foot-hills near the Big Bend of the Truckee, Nevada; May. The specimens are young but sufficiently mature to show the distinctive generic characters. Its affinities are with the Petunia of Miers. Prate XXVIII. Fig. 5. Plant; natural size. Fig. 6. Flower. Fig. 7. Corolla, laid open. Fig. 8. Mature ovary; all enlarged four diame- ters. Fig. 9. Seed, enlarged eight diameters. Fig. 10. Albumen and embryo; enlarged sixteen diameters. (941.) Lyctum PALLipuM, Miers. Gray’s Rev. Lyc., Proc. Amer. Acad. 6. 45. A shrub, 3-4° high, glabrous, spiny ; leaves 4-14’ long, oblong- or obovate- spatulate, with a very narrow base, acute or obtuse, fascicled ; calyx broad- campanulate, 5-cleft to the middle or deeper, the lobes 13-2” long, sub- foliaceous, spreading, lanceolate to ovate and often very obtuse, exceeding the tube; corolla 9-10” long, tubular-funnelform, greenish; ‘filaments and corolla glabrous within, or somewhat hairy or hirsute; anthers terminating in a deciduous mucro; fruit 4-5’ in diameter—New Mexico; Arizona; Southern Utah, (Dr. Palmer, 1870.) Lycitum Anpersoni, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 388. Glabrous; leaves 13-3” long, spatulate, fleshy ; calyx short-campanulate, usually shorter than the (12” long) pedicel, the margin repandly-toothed or denticulate ; corolla narrowly tubular, nearly 2’ long, the throat somewhat dilated, lobes 4, very broad, much shorter than the tube, equaling the anthers; fila- ments glandular-pilose at base-—A thorny diffusely branched shrub, with much the appearance of Sarcobatus, 2-3° high; berries red, globose, 2-3” in diameter, with a membranous 4—5-lobed disk surrounding the base-—Dis- covered by Dr. Anderson in Southeastern Neyada. Carrington Island, in Salt Lake; in fruit, June. The most northern locality in which any Ameri- can species has been found. (942.) 276 BOTANY. Datura Srramontum, L. Wahsatch Mountains, at the mouth of Cot- tonwood Canon. Introduced. (943.) NicoriaNA ATTENUATA, Torr., in Herb. Annual, glutinous-pubescent or somewhat glabrate, erect, 1-3° high, branched; leaves oblong-lanceolate, the uppermost linear, acuminate, attenuate into a petiole, entire or obscurely repand-dentate ; flowers in loose terminal racemes; calyx 3” long, tubular- campanulate, teeth short, triangular, acute, equal; corolla narrow-funnelform, 1’ long, the short (2) limb spreading or more usually erect and closed, the lobes short and obtuse ; capsule 8-5” long, exceeding the calyx, ovate, acute, 2-valved, valves bifid——Lower leayes 4—6’ long and 1-2’ wide, proportionately narrower above; capsule becoming half-longer than the calyx; seeds pitted. A quite distinct species, rather common in the valleys and dry lower cations of Nevada. It is 88 and 289 Anderson, from near Carson City ; 354 Torrey from Lake Washoe; 75 Xantus from Fort Tejon, Southern California; also found by Vasey on Bear Creek, 12 miles west of Denver, and by Palmer in Southern Utah. WV. ipomopsiflora is somewhat similar but has sessile clasping and more oblong leaves, and the flowers are in long secund racemes. PLATE XXVIL Fig. 1. A branch and portion of the stem; natural size. Fig. 2. A lower leaf; full size. (944.) Nicotiana Bicetovi. (N. plumbaginifolia, Var. (2) Bigelovii, Torr. Pac. R. R. Surv., 4. 127.) Leaves sessile, attenuate at base; calyx glandular- pubescent, with unequal lance-linear lobes; corolla 2’ long, tubular-funnel- form, the elongated tube 2-3 times longer than the calyx, the lobes broad- ovate, subacute; capsule obtuse, usually 4-6” long, shorter than the calyx ;_ otherwise much like the last—Collected by Bigelow, Frémont, (481, 1846,) and ‘Torrey, (355,) in California, and by Anderson, (268,) in Western Nevada. Much resembling NV. noctiflora, of Chili, but the leaves are more attenuate at base and the corolla-lobes are not at all obcordate. Prare XXVIII. Fig 3. Extremity of a branch. Fig. 4. A lower leaf; natural size. GENTIANACEA. Eryrnraa Nurranyu. Erect, loosely branched ; leaves linear-oblong, 6-12" long, acute, not rosulate at base; panicle loose, dichotomous, few- flowered ; flowers on elongated slender peduncles ; calyx-lobes narrowly subu- late, acute, a little shorter than the corolla-tube; corolla pink, contracting over the capsule and usually becoming somewhat twisted; lobes elliptic- ie ~~ ~ ; s ' £ : = ni ir CATALOGUE. PAT oblong, 2-3” long, more or less acute; stigma somewhat cup-shaped, slightly 2-lobed; capsule 4-7" long, becoming nearly twice longer than the calyx; seeds oblong or roundish, minutely pitted —Stem 3-12’ high, branching from the base or only toward the top. Nearly E. Chilensis, but with larger flowers, longer capsule and less lobed stigma; easily distinguished from other western species by its loose few-flowered habit and long peduncles. It is E. ongiflora, E. elata, and E. tenella, of Nutt. Mss., from Northern Utah and Southern Idaho, and 29 Anderson from near Carson City. As none of Nuttall’s pro- posed names are always appropriate, the species is best dedicated to him- self. Found in Unionville, Huntington, and Ruby Valleys, Nevada; 4,500-— 6,000 feet altitude; August-October. Prats XXIX. Figs. 1, 2. Plants; natural size. Fig.3. Calyx, expanded. Fig.4. Corolla, laid open. Fig. 5. Ovary; all enlarged two diameters. Fig. 6. Seed; enlarged eight diame- ters. (945.) GentTiana AmareLLA, L. DC. Prodr. 9. 95. Stem slender, erect, branched ; lowest leaves oval- or oblong-spatulate, upper ones ovate or ovate- lanceolate, sessile and subclasping, margins scabrous; cyme usually com- pound and raceme-like; calyx 5-cleft, lobes lanceolate, somewhat unequal, shorter than the corolla-tube ; corolla pale-blue, without folds, fringed at the base of the limb, lobes elliptic-lanceolate, shorter than the tube ; ovary oblong- linear, sessile—There can be no doubt of the identity of G. acuta and G. tenuis with this species, as pointed out by Dr. Hooker and Dr. Engelmann, None of the points of difference indicated by Grisebach—the nearly connate leaves, their shape, the thinner beard, the smaller flowers with shorter and more unequal calyx, the more angular taller and more branched stem—are at all constant. From the mouth of the St. Lawrence westward to the Pacific and northwest to Great Bear Lake and Unalaska; Rocky Mountains of Col- orado and Wyoming, and the Sierras of Northern California. ‘The present specimens are a subalpine form, 2-10’ high ; leaves broad and mostly obtuse ; flowers variable in size, 3-6” long, rather few and scattered ; calyx cleft nearly to the base, the lobes sometimes very unequal; corolla with abundant fringe, no glands, lobes more or less acute-—East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas; 8—9,500 feet altitude; July, August. (946.) Var. stricta. (G‘. acuta, Mx., Var. stricta, Griseb. DC. Prodr. 9. 96.) Stem 2-4° high; cymes axillary, strict, elongated, erect—Huntington and Ruby Valleys and near Humboldt Pass, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude ; August, 278 BOTANY. September. Much branched or nearly simple; leayes narrower in propor- tion than in the last and flowers rather smaller, more numerous and crowded; corolla-lobes acute or obtuse; obscure glands are sometimes found at the base. (947.) | GENTIANA HETEROSEPALA, Eng. Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 1.215. Annual, low, erect, simple, few-flowered, glabrous; lowest leaves obovate-spatulate, upper ones ovate, broad at base, sessile, acute or subobtuse, margin minutely scabrous; flowers short-peduncled; calyx 5-cleft, two of the lobes large, ovate, acute, nearly equaling the corolla, the remaining three shorter and linear-subulate; corolla with obscure glands at base, sparingly bearded, the lobes linear-oblong, obtuse, spreading, half as long as the tube ; anthers ovate- cordate ; pistil linear—The specimens are much larger than the original ones of Engelmann, 4-16’ high, and with a rather full beard, but the charac- ters of the calyx hold good; leaves $-14/ long, upper ones oblong-lanceolate ; flowers solitary or fascicled in the axils, on unequal (3’-13') and often long peduncels or subcymose upon a common peduncle, pale-blue, 6-8” long; hairs of the fringe in two fascicles at the base of each lobe. Wahsatch and Uinta Mountains, Utah ; 8-8,500 feet altitude; July, August. (948.) GENTIANA DETONSA, Fries. This is referred to G. crinita as a variety, but, as the older species, should be retained. From Canada and the Lakes to the Arctic Ocean, (Point Barrow, Fort Youkon,) and Rocky Mountains ; Southern Idaho, (Tolmie;) Colorado, (Hall & Harbour.) © Ruby and Hunt- ington Valleys, Nevada, and Bear River Valley in the Uintas; 6—-8,000 feet altitude; July, August. (949.) GENTIANA FRIGIDA, Henke. DC. Prodr.9.111. Perennial, with a single ascending stem; leaves spatulate-linear, obtuse, not cartilaginous and nearly smooth on the margin, flowers subsolitary, terminal; calyx 5-cleft, the lobes oblong-linear, half as long as the corolla; corolla plaited, glandless and beard- less, narrowly obconic, whitish with blue spots, the lobes short, ovate, three times longer than the folds; anthers free, erect; testa slighty winged ; capsule at length stipitate. Var. aLaipA, Pall. Stem taller but low; leaves broader; flowers several, pedicelled, twice larger; calyx somewhat unequal and some- times split—-The specimens are not yet in flower, but are evidently the same as the form collected in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, considered by Engelmann intermediate between the European /rigzda and the Siberian variety. 3-6” high; radical leaves often 3-4’ long and 2-4’ wide, cauline CATALOGUE. 279 ones 1-12” long; flowers 2-3, sessile or shortly pedicelled, terminal and occasionally also axillary, 2’ long; corolla-lobes very acute, greenish-blue, punctate, the folds truncate and crenate. Uinta Mountains, above head of Bear River; 12,000 feet altitude; August. (950.) GENTIANA AFFINIS, Sm. Perennial; stems clustered, ascending ; lower leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, the upper lanceolate, rather acute, scabrous upon the margin ; flowers solitary and pedicelled or clustered and subsessile ; bracts nearly equaling the calyx; calyx 5-cleft, lobes oblong-linear or some- times dilated, unequal, about equaling the entire or variously cleft tube ; corolla blue, beardless and glandless, narrowly clavate, open, twice longer than the calyx, the lobes oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, thrice longer than the cleft folds ; anthers free; testa slightly winged—Quite variable; stems 10-20! high, 1-flowered, or the solitary axillary flowers (10’-1/ in length) on long pedicels, or the axillary peduncles several-flowered and much reduced in length; calyx- lobes very variable, sometimes almost none, and rarely wholly occupying the truncate border of the tube; stigmas connate or twisted or diverging; cap- sule on a stipe nearly equaling the calyx-tube; seeds orbicular or oblong, winged or wingless. From the Red River and Saskatchewan west to Wash- ington Territory and southward into California, Utah and New Mexico. Ruby, Huntington, and Goose Creek Valleys, Nevada, and Bear River Valley in the Uintas; 6—8,000 feet altitude ; July-September. (951.) GenTIANA Parry, Eng. Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 1.218. Perennial ; stems one or several, ascending or erect, 4—9’ high, simple, leafy, few-flowered; leaves somewhat glaucous, broad at base, rounded-ovate, ovate or ovate- lanceolate, 10-15” long and 8-10" wide, subobtuse or acute, spreading, the uppermost narrow, carinate and boat-shaped, involucrate to the sessile large bluish-purple flowers ; calyx 5-cleft, membranous, entire or sometimes more or less slit, the lobes linear, shorter than the tube; tube of the open corolla obconic, twice longer than the calyx, the erect broadly obovate lobes very shortly acute, scarcely exceeding the bifid folds; ovary lanceolate, stipitate— Flowers 15- 18” long, very deep purple, greenish below, the lobes a third as long as the tube, widening upward. Colorado and Utah. Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas; 10,000 feet altitude : August, September. (952.) FRasera speciosa, Dougl. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2. 66, ¢. 153. Stem stout, erect, 3-5° high, strict, usually simple, glabrous; leaves in fours, thick, 280 BOTANY. acutish, 7—9-nerved, the lowest oblong-lanceolate, 6-9’ long and 2’ wide, attenuate into a long petiole, the cauline connate at base and the uppermost linear; the racemose cyme densely flowered, elongated; calyx-segments linear, acuminate, equaling the whitish punctate corolla; glands in pairs, ellip- tic-oblong; filaments dilated at base, scarcely united; style about equaling the ovary.—Biennial; stem not sulcate, often flowering to the base, thick and succulent with a large pith; peduncles axillary, somewhat in fours, unequal, simple and 1-flowered or umbellate at the summit; flowers 1’ in diameter, the petals bearded at base between the filaments. In the mountains from Washington Territory to Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico, (endler ;) Sierras at head of Carson River, (C.D. Gibbs; Tesseranthium radiatum, Kell.) In the Diamond and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wah- satch, usually on divides and sometimes abundant; 7—8,000 feet altitude ; June, July. (953.) FRASERA ALBOMARGINATA. Slender, 2—3° high, glabrous, branching into an open panicle; branches and branchlets verticillate in fours or sometimes opposite ; leaves verticillate in fours, narrowly oblanceolate, 2-4’ long, 3-5” wide, obtuse or acute, margined with a silvery-white line and more or less undulate; upper leaves and bracts lanceolate from a clasping base, acuminate ; pedicels spreading, 2-2’ long; calyx-lobes 2-3” long, ovate-lanceolate; corolla 9” in diameter, the petals broad-oblong, acute, greenish yellow, dotted with black above the middle, the base deeper green; gland linear-oblong, fringed with a villous border, expanding at the top into a broad obcordate deep-green villous spot—Near St. George in Southern Utah, (Dr. Palmer, 1870.) SwertiaA! perennis, L. DC. Prodr. 9. 182. Perennial; stems from running rootstocks, erect, 6-15’ high, few—many-flowered; lower leaves oblong-elliptic, long-petioled, the cauline ones opposite, ovate-oblong, obtusish ; flowers erect, 6-8” in diameter; corolla-segments coriaceous, grayish-blue with darker spots, elliptic-oblong, acutish, twice longer than the lanceolate calyx-lobes; glands in pairs, orbicular, the fimbriate crest distinct; stigma reniform, sulcate ; seeds winged.—Leaves either alternate or opposite. Ko- diak, Alaska; Wind Riyer Mountains, (Frémont;) Rocky Mountains of Colo- 1SWERTIA, L. Flowers 5- (or sometimes 4-)merous. Calyx-segments united at the very base, valyate. Corolla withering, rotate, without corona or folds, glands fimbriate on the margin. Stamens inserted on the throat; filaments equal at base; anthers at length incumbent, nodding. Stigma ter- minal, seated on the ovary, continuous, emarginate-reniform. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, septicidal. Seeds numerous, attached to the valves. Dr CANDOLLE, PLATE XXX; CATALOGUE. 281 rado. Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas; subalpine and alpine meadows; 8-10,000 feet altitude; July-September. (954.) MenyanTHes TrIroLiATA, L. New England to Pennsylvania and Wis- consin, northward to Newfoundland, Labrador, Hudson’s Bay and the Saskatchewan ; Sitka, Washington Territory, and Sacramento Valley. Ruby Valley, Nevada; flowerless stems; 6,000 feet altitude. (955.) Tesprrocuiron’ Carirornicus. (Ourisia Calitornica, Benth. Plant. Hartw., p. 327.) More or less hirsute-pubescent; leaves clustered upon the summit of a short. fusiform root, oblong or ovate, attenuate into a somewhat dilated fleshy petiole, obtuse, entire or obscurely repand-dentate, ciliate, 1-2’ long; peduncles naked, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves; calyx-segments 3” long, oblong, pubescent; corolla 5-8” long, more or less deeply cleft, the limb somewhat oblique, the tube and filaments somewhat hairy.—Pubescence rather variable, the surface of the leayes and sepals occasionally smoothish. An abnormal genus in some of its characters, its estivation and the inequality of the corolla-lobes and stamens suggesting an affinity to the Scrophulariacee, with which it was placed by Bentham without an examination of the ovary. It is, however, doubtless more nearly a Villarsia. Indeed, the V. pumila of Grisebach, (Hook. Flor. Bor.-Amer. 2. 70, t. 157; the corolla more open and somewhat rotate, the tube densely hairy within, and the leaves and calyx more glabrous,) is very similar and is probably either a second species or may prove to be but a form of the present one. From the Columbia River to the Sacramento, (1875 Hartweg, 379 Frémont, Cronkhite, and Lyall,) the “Snake Country,” (Tolmie,) and near Carson City, (Anderson.) Found in the latter locality, in grassy meadows; 5,000 feet altitude; April. Prats XXX. Fig. 1. A rather large plant; natural size. Figs. 2, 3. Flowers, different forms. Fig. 4. Flower, laid open; enlarged two diameters. Tig, 5. Stamen. Fig. 6. Ovary. Fig. 7. Mature capsule. Fig. 9. Seeds; all enlarged four diameters. Fig. 8. Section of ovary; enlarged eight diame- ters. (956.) 1HESPEROCHIRON. Calyx 5- (sometimes 6-7-) parted, the segments unequal. Corolla rather narrow campanulate, without either glands, corona or folds, the limb 5- (sometimes 6-7-) cleft, slightly bilabiate and more or less spreading, the segments subequal, imbricate in estivation. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes, inserted at the base of the tube, unequal; filaments fleshy, attenuated upward ; anthers oval, erect, cordate at base, 2-eclled, cells laterally dehiscent. Oyary 1-celled, surrounded at base by 5 obscure glands, the numerous ovules attached in 2 rows to the sutural placentie. Styles united nearly to the apex, persistent; stigmas entire. Capsule 1-celled, loculicidally dehiscent, 2-valved, valves entire. Seeds wingless, ovate, roughened.—A perennial or biennial acaulescent herb. BO 282 BOTANY. APOCYNACEZ. ApocyNuM ANDRosmMIroLIuM, L. Mostly glabrous throughout. From North Carolina to Hudson’s Bay and west to Kansas and the Saskatchewan, and from Washington Territory to the Sacramento. East Humboldt Mount- ains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas ; 6-8,000 feet altitude; July, August. (957.) Apocynum CANNABINUM, L., 3-6° high; cauline leaves 4’ long or more and 2’ broad, sessile and amplexicaul, the rameal ones much smaller and petioled; glabrous. Used by the Indians as a substitute for hemp in making nets, &c. From Florida to Canada and Winnipeg Valley, and west to New Mexico, Sonora and California. On the Humboldt River and on stream- banks in the West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and shores of Salt Lake ; 4—5,000 feet altitude; June—September. (958.) ASCLEPIADACE. ASCLEPIAS FASCICULARIS, Decne. DC. Prodr. 8. 569. Stems erect, glabrous, 83—5° high; leaves crowded in fours or fives, 2-5’ long, short-petioled, linear, mucronulate, glabrous, uniform in color, not revolute, subcoriaceous, nerves thick beneath; peduncles shorter than the leaves, umbeled, densely flowered ; pedicels and flowers softly puberulent; ccrolla-lobes ovate, reflexed, about equaling the pedicels; hoods ovate upon the back; horns falciform, acute; crown stipitate ; pods smooth, narrow, 22’ long and 23” wide.—Differ- ing from A. verticillaris only in its less pubescence, more densely flowered umbels, more distant whorls of leaves and stouter habit. Oregon to Southern California. West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; August, September. (959.) AscLepias speciosa, Torr. DC. Prodr. 8. 571. (A. Douglasii, Hook., DC, tc, 564.) Tomentose; stem simple, 2-5° high; leaves 4-8’ long, cordate-ovate, acute, short-petioled, or the uppermost sessile ; umbels axillary and terminal, solitary, many-flowered, the short peduncles and the pedicels densely tomentose; flowers light-purple; corolla-lobes ovate, acutish, reflexed ; hoods of the crown 6” long, ovate, long-acuminate, bidentate at the base within, thrice longer than the stigma and the compressed incurved horn; pods 4° long, 1’ in diameter.—From Washington Territory and Northern California to Dakota, Colorado and New Mexico. The prevalent species of CATALOGUE. 283 the valleys of Nevada and Utah; 4-6,000 feet altitude; July—Septem- ber. (960.) ASCLEPIAS CRYPTOCERAS. (Anantherix speciosa, Nutt., in Herb. ; Acerates latifolia, Torr. Frém. Rep. 317.) Glabrous; stems decumbent, 6—10' long, simple; leaves 3-4 pairs, rounded ovate, 14-2’ long, on very short petioles ; umbels axillary and terminal, sessile, few-flowered ; corolla-lobes ovate-lance- olate, spreading, greenish-yellow, 5” long ; hoods of the crown 3” long 3) o equal- ing the disk, purple, ovate, abruptly pointed with two short recurved beaks ; horn short, incuryved, not at all exserted—Fruit unknown; easily mistaken for an Acerates. Found by Nuttall on Ham’s Fork of Green River, Utah, and by Frémont (584) in Southeastern Idaho. West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, near Humboldt Lake, rare; 5,000 feet altitude; May, in flower. Puate XXVIII. Fig. 1. Stem; natural size. Fig. 2. Flower. Fig. 3. Hood, divided between the beaks and showing the included horn; both enlarged two diameters. Fig. 4. Pollen masses; enlarged sixteen diameters. (961.) ACERATES DECUMBENS, Decne. DC. Prodr. 8. 522. Stems 1-2° long, numerous, decumbent, sometimes angular; leaves scattered and subopposite, oyate-lanceolate or more usually narrow-lanceolate, (6’ long, 4-1’ wide,) acute, margins scabrous; umbels terminal, subglobose ; corolla-lobes ovate, green- ish-yellow ; hoods purple, equaling the lobes and exceeding the disk; pods smooth, 4’ long, 1’ in diameter—From Western Texas and Arkansas to Arizona and Utah. On Stansbury Island and in Jordan Valley; June- August. (962.) OLEACEZ. Fraxinus ANoMALA, Torr., in Herb. Branchlets and petioles pubescent ; leaves simple, broadly cordate or ovate, abruptly acute or emarginate, 1-13’ in diameter, longer than the petiole, entire, more or less pubescent beneath ; fruit wing-margined the entire length, 6-10” long, oblong, cuneate at base, and acutish or emarginate above; calyx less than 1” long, persistent at the base of the fruit; seeds 1-2, 3-4” long—A small tree, 15° high, first discov- ered by Newberry on Macomb’s Expedition in 1859 in Labyrinth Canon on the Colorado River, Utah, and again recently collected by Palmer near St. George on the Rio Virgen in the southwestern portion of the State. The fruit is occasionally triangular, 3-winged, and 3-seeded, 284 BOTANY. Fraxinus viripis, Mx. Collected also by Dr. Palmer in the same re- gion; branchlets, petioles and midveins finely pubescent. NYCTAGINACEZE. Miraninis' Catrrornica, Gray. Bot. Mex. Bound. 173. Glabrous or more or less viscid-pubescent; stems several from a woody base, 1—2° long, ascending, branches spreading; leaves 6-15” long, fleshy, rounded-ovate, subcordate at base, obtuse on short pedicels, the floral ones subsessile; invo- lucre 1-flowered, 5-cleft, segments triangular-ovate, acute, somewhat unequal ; perianth rose-color, rather small, (3’’ long,) campanulate-rotate, the lobes emarginate; stamens usually 5, exserted; fruit smooth, ovate, 13” long— Southern California and Western Arizona. Virginia and Pah-Ute Mountains, Nevada; 5—6,000 feet altitude; June, July. (963.) OXYBAPHUS ANGUSTIFOLIUS, Sweet. Gray, 7c. 175. Stems glabrous, ascending, slender, 1-6° high; leaves glabrous, linear, usually elongated, (2—-4',) repand, thick, glaucous; peduncles and involucre pubescent; flowers loosely panicled ; involucre with 5 triangular or ovate acutish lobes, 3—5-flow- ered, becoming 5” long in fruit; perianth short, subcampanulate or rotate- funnelform, scarcely exceeding the involucre, the limb 13” long; stamens exserted; fruit hoary pubescent, 23 long—From Western Texas and Chi- huahua to Southern Idaho, Nebraska and Minnesota. Foot-hills of the Wahsatch, from Salt Lake City to Provo City; May-August. (964.) ABRONIA® FRAGRANS, Nutt. More or less viscid-pubescent; stems several, herbaceous from a perennial root, ascending, 3-13° high; leaves oblong or ovate, 1-24 long, truncate or more or less cuneate at the base, obtuse or acutish ; peduncles mostly solitary, elongated ; bracts of the involucre large, broadly ovate, white and scarious, obtuse or acute, 4-9” long, often equaling the whitish flowers; stamens unequal; stigma clavate; fruit 3-6” long, coria- ceous, with narrow undulate coarsely reticulated wings, not crested, often 'MIRABILIS, L. Involucre herbaceous, scarcely changed in fruit, calyx-like, of united leaves, 5-lobed, 1-12-flowered. Calyx tubular or more or less broadly fannelform. Stamens almost always 5, united within the persistent base of the calyx. Stigma capitate, granulated. Fruit indurated, smooth, ovoid, not angled and searcely or not at all ribbed. Seed straight, with inecurved embryo, inferior radi- cle, and foliaceous cotyledons.—Herbs with jointed stems, opposite leaves, and flowers solitary in the axils or in crowded terminal clusters. *ABRONTA, Juss. Involucre perfect, of 5-15 distinct leaflets, the head many-flowered. Calyx salverform with obcordate lobes. Stamens 5, included, adnate to the tube. Style included; stigma cap- itate or linear-clavate. Perfect fruit 5-winged. Seed cylindrical, smooth. Embryo by abortion mono- cotyledonous, enfolding the central mealy albumen.—Low herbs, with thick opposite petioled unequal leaves; peduncles axillary and terminal, and flowers in solitary involucrate heads. CATALOGUE. 285 very irregular and but 1—2-winged or wingless; seed 12” long —Distinguished especially by its broad scarious involucre and its not indurated nor crested fruit; varying considerably in pubescence, the present specimens having rather more than usual. From Northern Arizona and New Mexico to Salt Lake Valley, the Platte, and Council Bluffs, lowa. Foot-hills near Salt Lake City and sandy shore of Stansbury Island; 4-5,000 feet altitude; May, June. (965.) ABRONIA TURBINATA, Torr., in Herb. Annual, viscid-pubescent ; stems 31° long, prostrate or subascending ; leaves 4-12’ long, broadly ovate or ob- long, glabrous or slightly pubescent on the margin, cordate, truncate, or some- times cuneate at base, obtuse or rarely acute, sometimes sparingly sinuate- dentate, usually exceeding or about equaling the petioles; peduncles usually elongated and exceeding the leaves; involucral bracts 2-6” long, mostly linear-lanceolate, acuminate ; flowers numerous, 6-8” long, pinkish; limb 5-parted, 4” broad; stamens unequal; fruit 3-4” long, thin-coriaceous, the narrow hollow wings crested above in the perfect fruit with transverse disks ; seed 1” long. —Body of the fruit not at all thickened and rigid, as in A. wm- bellata and A. mellifera, the wings frequently more or less aborted, but in the normal form straight and equal, each terminated by a circular disk. From New Mexico and Arizona to Southern California (?) and Nevada. It is 1710 and 601 Wright, and 93 Wislizenus, from New Mexico; was collected by Emory and Dr. Palmer in Arizona, and by Stretch and Dr. Torrey (455) in Western Nevada. Frémont’s specimens from the Mohave River are probably the same. It may be the A. speciosa of Buckley, from Fort Belknap, New Mexico, but the description is too meager for the identification of the species. Carson and Humboldt Valleys, Nevada; May—August. Prarr XXXI. Fig. 1. A flowering stem; natural size. Fig. 2. Flower, laid open. Fig. 3. Fruit, divided longitudinally and showing the seed. Fig. 4. Transverse sec- tion of the wings. Fig. 5. Terminal disks; all enlarged two diameters. Fig. 8. Transverse section of seed. Fig. 9. Embryo; both enlarged eight diameters. Figs. 6, 7. Fruit of A. wmbellata; enlarged two diameters. (266.) ABRONIA CYCLOPTERA, Gray. Sill. Jour., n.s.. 15.319. (A. micrantha, Torr. Frém. Rep. 96.) Annual, more or less glandular-pubescent, scarcely at all viscid; stems 2’-2° long, ascending; leaves oblong, ovate, or ovate- lanceolate, usually more or less cuneate at base, obtuse, the blade 1-2’ long, coarse-pubescent at least upon the margins and veins beneath; peduncles 286 BOTANY. mostly 2-4’ long, sometimes much shorter; involucre of 5 ovate or narrow- lanceolate acuminate subherbaceous bracts, 2-5" long, 8-20-flowered; flower bright rose-color, 6-12” long, the large limb (4-8” broad) 4—5-parted with deeply emarginate lobes; tube pubescent; stamens 38-5, unequal; fruit 7-12” long and 4-10” wide, including the 2—4 (usually 8) semi-orbicular membranous strongly reticulated wings, which are united above the firm and rigid body ; seed 24-4” long —A showy handsome plant, beginning to flower very early. The fruit of the central flower is usually wingless. The speci- mens of the collection, like others from the same region collected by Dr. Torrey, Stretch, and Veatch, (A. Crux-Maltea, Well.,) are only in flower, showing immature fruit. They are alike in the broad 4-lobed and 4-androus flowers, the very slender tube green above and slightly dilated about the ap- proximate anthers, the uppermost of which are in the very throat ; the upper tube is often marked by minute white lines, (raphides?) From Northern Texas and New Mexico to the Platte; on the Saskatchewan, (Bourgeau.) Valleys of Western Nevada; May, June. (967.) Hermipium’ aurees. Stems rather stout, ascending, branched, 1° high; leaves 1-24’ long, broad-ovate, subcordate, obtuse or subacute, short-petioled ; heads about 6-flowered ; bracts 6-10” long, cordate-ovate, acute, sessile, occa- sionally slightly united, more or less colored; perigonium deciduous, light- purple, campanulate, narrowed toward the base, about equaling the bract, somewhat 5-lobed, the 5 nerves leading to the sinuses; the slender filaments and elongated style about equaling the perigonium; stigma capitate; fruit (immature) globular, smooth; ovary apparently narrowly 8-winged.—From its bract-like involucres belonging technically to the suborder Bougainvillee of Choisy, but in the structure of the flower and fruit, (so far as appears from immature specimens,) wholly a Mirabilis. On low foot-hills from the Big Bend of the Truckee River to Oreana on the Humboldt; May. Parr XXXITL. Fig. 1. Portion of stem; uppermost head of undeveloped flowers opened out and showing imperfectly their position; natural size. Fig. 2. A single bract and flower. Fig. 8. Vertical section of immature ovary; enlarged four diameters. (968.) IHERMIDIUM. Involucre consisting of asingle broad membranous bract below the base of each flower. Flowers in condensed head-like terminal and axillary racemes, the short pedicels adnate to the midyveins of the bracts. Perigonium campanulate-funnelform. Stamens 5-7. Otherwise as in Mirabilis.— A fleshy herbaceous glabrous and glaucous perennial; leaves opposite, entire. CATALOGUE. 287 CHENOPODIACEZi.' Crenopopium ALBuM, L. Throughout the United States to the Pacific and northward to Hudson’s Bay and Bear Lake. It occurs in the collection in various forms, some of which are beyond doubt indigenous. The ordi- nary tall variety with large acutely-toothed leaves, (a form of Var. hetero- phyllum, Ledeb.,) was only collected in the Truckee Meadows, Ne- vada. (969.) Specimens from Blue Spring Valley, Utah, 1° or more high, have the leaves less than 6” long, ovate, rounded or very acute, entire, or the few teeth obtuse or acute; fruit in numerous dense approximate clusters as large as small peas, with the calyx very strongly keeled, nearly covering the seed ; October. (970.) Forms of Ledebour’s Var. integrifolium are more frequent, and espe- cially the Var. LEpropiHyLLuM, Mogq., with lance-linear or linear entire leaves, hoary-farinose, the branches of the panicle rather long and loose, the stems low, usually but 1° or often less in height. It has been found from Dakota to New Mexico and westward, by Nuttall, Nicolet, Gordon, Irémont, Wright, and others, and is certainly indigenous, though it appears to run into ordinary viride states of C. album. Carrington Island in Salt Lake, and on the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 4,500 and 9,000 feet altitude. (971.) Larger specimens, approaching the same form, were collected in Truckee, Regan, and’ Diamond Valleys, Nevada; 4-5,500 feet alti- tude. (972.) Cuenoropium Fremontr. More or less farinose, 6’-8° high, diffusely branched; leaves oblong, ovate or broadly triangular, 4-15” long, mostly hastate, abruptly attenuate into a slender petiole; panicle loose and spread- ing with short bractlets; calyx-lobes carinate-cucullate; ‘seed horizontal, smooth, and shining.—Collected by Frémont on the North Platte upon his first expedition. Truckee and Monitor Valleys and on the foot-hills and ridges of the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 4-800 feet altitude ; July, August. (973.) CuENnopopium HysripuM, L. Foot-hills of the East Humboldt Mount- ains, Nevada, and in the cations of the Wahsatch ; 6-7,000 feet altitude ; 1 The plants of this Order in the collection were mostly examined and the new species named or indicated by Dr, Torrey, but he is not responsible for the descriptions, nor in some cases for the deter- minations, 288 BOTANY: June-August. Certainly indigenous, and apparently not differing from the European plant. Reported from the Saskatchewan, Colorado, and Indian Territory. (974.) Cuenopopium Borrys, L. Salt Lake Valley. Introduced. (975.) Burrum capitatum, L. From Western New York and Canada to the Saskatchewan, Great Slave Lake, and Youkon River, and southward in Col- orado and New Mexico. East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 5—7,000 feet altitude; May—August. Growing in shaded places; 1-2° high. (976.) A reduced form was also collected with the stems decumbent or nearly so, and the leaves entire, often not even has- tate. (977.) Buirum potymorpuum, C. A. Meyer. (B. rubrum, Reich. DC. Prodr. 13. 2. 83.) Annual, smooth, with an erect or decumbent angled branching stem, 1-13° high; leaves deltoid, rhombic-oblong or hastately 3-lobed, acute or obtusish, unequally sinuate-dentate or rarely entire, rather thick and some- times reddish ; spikes simple or subcompound, leafy or leafless; calyx closed in fruit, ecarinate, herbaceous or subbaccate ; seed with an obtuse margin, shining, purple; terminal flowers with a 5-parted calyx, 5 stamens, and the seed horizontal ; the remainder with the calyx 2—3-parted and 1-2 stamens. Var. HuMILE, Moq. (Chenopodium humile, Hook.) Stem decumbent ; leaves entire, fleshy, the lower ovate-spatulate, the upper oblong or linear; clus- ters axillary and solitary—Agreeing closely with the description of Hook- er’s plant from the marshes of the Saskatchewan, though somewhat larger. Thousand Spring Valley, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude; September. It has been collected at Klamath Lake in Northern California, and Shoalwater Bay, Washington Territory. (978.) Monotepts! cHenopopiomweEs, Mog. DC. Prodr. 13. 2. 85. (Blitum Nuttallianum, R. & $8.) Glabrous, or somewhat glaucous and farinose ; stems ascending or decumbent, 3-12’ high, branched; leaves 2-2’ long, attenuate into the petiole and hastate at base, the lobes acute and entire or the middle one laciniate-toothed ; flowers in rather dense clusters in the axils, often reddish, the sepals lance-elliptic, obtuse, sometimes abortive ; 1MONOLEPIS, Scrrap. Flowers polygamous, bractless. Calyx of a single scale-like sepal, per- sistent, without appendages. Stamen 1, inserted upon the receptacle. Disk and staminodia none. Styles 2, filiform, somewhat united at base, stigmatic on the inner surface. Utricle strongly compressed naked, rather thick, subadherent to the vertical flattened seed, Testa erustaceous, fragile. Embryo an- nular, surrounding the copious farinaceous albumen; radicle inferior—Annual herbs, with alternate petioled leaves and clustered axillary flowers. Moguiy,in DC, Predr. CATALOGUE. 289 seed rather acutely margined, minutely tuberculate and not shining, 2” in diameter.—F rom the Saskatchewan to Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. Dry hillsides and alkaline flats from the Truckee River to Ruby Valley, Nevada; 4-6,000 feet altitude ; May—August. (979.) Monoteris pusitua, Torr. Very slender, 2—6' high, glabrous or sub- farinose, erect, diffusely much branched from the base, often reddish; leaves remote, oblong or ovate, 1-4” long and 1” wide, obtuse and attenuate into a very short petiole; clusters 1—5-flowered, the often solitary seeds com- pressed, rather obtusely margined, tuberculate and not shining, dark or reddish, 4” in diameter; calyx and utricle usually evanescent—Collected by Anderson near Carson City, and rather frequent in the alkaline valleys of Western Neyada; 4—5,000 feet altitude, May—July. (980.) Monolepis spathulata, Gray, from Mono Pass, California, is more decumbent, the spatu- late leayes numerous along the simple elongated branches, clusters crowded, utricle very papulose-scabrous, seed less compressed, very smooth and shining. Oxione’ canescens, Mog. DC. Prodr. 13. 2. 112. Shrubby, 1-5° high, hoary-canescent and pulverulent, unarmed, branches usually erect and virgate ; leaves sessile, oblong or linear-oblong, narrowed at base, obtuse or acutish, occasionally emarginate, entire, 1-23’ long and 2-4” wide, (some- times smaller and ovate or obovate ;) flowers dicecious, the staminate in dense clusters at the extremities of the branchlets, the pistillate clusters less crowded, axillary ; fruit 2-3’ long, hoary-pubescent, sessile or short-pedi- celled, wingless or winged by the more or less dilated margins of the yari- ously toothed bracts—From Dakota to Northern Texas, and westward to Neyada and Southern California. Frequent in the dry and alkaline valleys of Nevada and Utah; 4—6,000 feet altitude. Most of the specimens have nearly or quite wingless fruit. (981.) Others have the bracts considerably dilated, though still less than is frequently the case. (982.) OBIONE CONFERTIFOLIA, Torr. Frem. Rep. 318. Shrubby, 1-2° high, rigidly and diffusely branched, spinose, scurfy or mealy-pubescent ; leaves ovate or obovate, 3-6” long, short-petioled, obtuse or retuse or sometimes acutish, entire, becoming rather thick and coriaceous; flowers dicecious, the 'OBIONE, Garry. Pistillate flowers all without calyx and 2-bracted, the bracts more or less completely united and becoming hardened or corky ; radicle superior ; otherwise as in Atripler—Mone- cious or dicecious herbs or under shrubs, with mostly alternate entire or sinuate-dentate leaves. Moqutn, in DC. Prodr, 37 290 BOTANY. small clusters axillary along the leafy branches, sessile ; bracts nearly orbic- “in diameter, united and cuneate at the indurated com- ular, becoming 3-5 pressed base, and dilated upward, obtuse, entire or rarely with a few lateral teeth, waxy farinaceous—Abundant in the alkaline valleys of the Great Basin and extending southward into New Mexico, Arizona, and Northern Mexico; 4—6,000 feet altitude; April-October. O. spinosa, Moquin, col- lected by Nuttall, should be the same, judging from the description. (983.) OBIONE HYMENELYTRA, Torr.’ Bot. Mex. Bound. 182. Pac. R. R. Rep. 4. 129, ¢. 20. Stem shrubby, 2-3° high, much-branched, the branches un- armed, subterete, hoary; leaves subdeltoid-orbicular, or truncate or sub- cordate at base, 1-13’ in diameter, coarsely and acutely sinuate-dentate, densely hoary-seurfy ; flowers dicecious, the staminate in dense clusters col- lected into axillary and terminal paniculate spikes; bracts reniform-orbicular, membranous, very entire, united only at base, the disk naked; fruiting bracts over 4” in breadth, reticulately veined, the short pedicel tumid and spongy.—Colorado Desert and on the Lower Gila; Southern Utah, (Pal- mer, 1870.) OxionE Torreyrt. Shrubby, 2 3° high, much branched, the short divaricate rigid branchlets usually spinescent, scurfy-pulverulent; leaves del- toid-hastate, 2-1/ long, the smaller becoming ovate or oblong, entire, obtuse or acutish, mucronulate; flowers dicecious, in numerous small sessile clus- ters, the staminate crowded in spreading panicles terminating the branch- lets, the pistillate more scattered along nearly simple branchlets, which are leafy only toward the base; bracts of the flowers minute, ovate, obtuse and entire, united at base, densely farinaceous ; fruit unknown.—Near O. acan- thocarpa, Torr., but apparently very distinct, though the specimens are only in flower. Very frequent in the dry valleys bordering the Truckee and Carson Rivers, where it was also collected by Dr. Torrey (463;) July, August. (984.) OBIONE ARGENTEA, Mog. DC. Prodr. 13. 2. 115. Annual and herb- aceous, 6-15' high, branching from the base, the branches ascending, densely | mealy-canescent, especially when young; leaves rather thick and fleshy, 3-2’ long, usually hastate or deltoid, sometimes rhomboidal or ovoid, atten- uate into the short petiole, obtuse or acutish, entire or rarely sinuate- toothed; flowers moneecious, in sessile axillary clusters upon the leafy branches; staminate clusters small; bracts somewhat orbicular, united at CATALOGUE. 291 911 base, dilated and herbaceous above in fruit, becoming often 2-3” in diameter, the margin deeply and acutely toothed and undulate, the sides strongly retie- ulated and frequently more or less crested—From Dakota to New Mexico and westward to California. Found in dry alkaline valleys or on foot-hills from the Truckee Desert to Northeastern Nevada; 4-6,000 feet altitude ; May—September; but only in flower. (985.) Oxrone PHyLLostecra, Torr. Annual and herbaceous, about 1° high, erect, the branches ascending; stem and leaves nearly glabrous or somewhat scurfy ; leaves about 1’ long, deltoid-hastate or ovate-rhomboid, acute or acuminate, abruptly attenuate into a slender petiole equaling the blade ; flowers monoecious or wholly pistillate, the staminate in large and conspic- uous axillary clusters; bracts of the young fruit united into a somewhat tubular base, hairy below, the limb above lanceolate, acuminate, entire or gash-toothed ; style elongated, nearly equaling the bracts——Near to O, argentea, ut a well-marked species, though the mature fruit is still wanting. As a slight doubt remains respecting the position of the radicle, it may yet prove to be an Atriplex. First found by H. Engelmann at ‘“ Gate of Gib- raltar,” Utah; not rare on dry foot-hills and near hot springs, between the Truckee and Humboldt Rivers, Western Nevada, growing with the last ; 4,000 feet altitude; May. (986.) Oxprone tTRuNcATA, Torr. Annual and herbaceous, erect, branched, 2-3° high, slightly pulverulent and glaucous, furfuraceous above; lower leaves on short petioles, broadly ovate, truncate or cordate at base, obtuse or acutish, 1-2” long, the upper ones sessile and cordate, acute, gradually diminishing to the ends of the branchlets; staminate clusters small and inconspicuous; fruit 1” in diameter, the bracts broadly obovate, united to near the summit, which is truncate and denticulate, but slightly extended beyond the naked disk.—Collected by Dr. Anderson (40) near Carson City, and common on the Truckee River; 4—4,500 feet altitude; July. (987.) OproneE pustttaA, Torr. Annual, herbaceous, 2-4’ high, diffusely branched from the base, white-scurfy throughout; leaves small, 1-2” in diameter, sessile and subamplexicaul, ovate, acute, crowded above; flowers moncecious, minute; fruiting bracts 4 long, ovate, acutish, entire, united half their length—Near O. microcarpa, Benth. First collected by Ander- son (65) near Carson City. Found on the edge of a dried alkali flat near the head of Humboldt Valley ; 5,500 feet altitude; September. (988.) 292 BOTANY. GrayIA' potyGaLoweEs, H. & A. (G. spinosa, Mog. DC. Proar. 13. 2. 119.) Erect, diffusely branched, 1-3° high, the branchlets frequently spiny at the apex; leaves spatulate or obovate, 6-15” long, 2-5” broad, attenuate at base into a short petiole, somewhat farinaceous or scurfy, and rather fleshy ; flowering spikes 4-1’ long, the staminate flowers small, the fertile spikes 9 elongating in fruit and the calyx becoming 3-6’, in diameter, white or pur- plish, strongly compressed; fruit minute, rarely 3” broad, nearly central in the calyx.—From Southwestern Wyoming and Utah to Washington Terri- tory and Oregon, Nevada, and Southeastern California. _ Frequent in alkaline valleys and on dry foot-hills throughout the Great Basin; 4—6,500 feet altitude; May July. (989.) Evurotia® Lanata, Mog. DC. Prodr. 13. 2. 121. White-tomentose, 6 18’ high, woody below, the subherbaceous branches virgate and often sim- ple; leaves numerous, alternate and fascicled, linear-lanceolate, 6-18" long, 1-2” wide, revolute upon the margins ; flowers frequently dicecious ; fruiting involucre 2-3” long, penicillate with four dense tufts of long white hairs, (becoming brown in the herbarium, as also the tomentum ;) seed minute, 4” long—Scearcely differing from narrow-leaved forms of the Asiatic E. ceratoides. From the Saskatchewan and Western Dakota to New Mexico, and westward to the Sierras. Frequent in the dry valleys and ridges of Nevada and West- ern Utah, retaining its foliage and fruit through winter, and valuable for its fattening qualities for stock. Beef thus fed, however, acquires a peculiar rather disagreeable flavor. Known both as “ White Sage” and “ Winter 'GRAYTA, HW. & A. Flowers dimwcious, bractless, glomerate-spicate. Staminate flowers with a 5-parted unappendaged calyx, the five stamens inserted upon the receptacle, with linear-subulate fila- ments and elliptic anthers. Calyx of pistillate flowers rounded-saccate, strongly compressed, winged on the margins, emarginate at the contracted mouth. Ovary sessile, narrow-oblong. Style slender-subu- late, jointed at base. Stigmas 2, filiform, exserted, hirsute. Fruit included in the enlarged membranous net-veined calyx, compressed, orbicular, Seed flattened, rounded, vertical, with a thin adherent peri- carp. Albumen central, mealy, Embryo nearly annular; radicle inferior—A somewhat spinescent undershrub, with alternate or fascicled entire and subsessile leaves, the flowers in axillary clusters, forming terminal spikes. MoqQurn, in DC. Prodr. *EUROTIA, Apans. Flowers moncecious or sometimes dicecious ; the staminate flowers glomerate- spicate at the extremities of the leafy branches; the pistillate below them, axillary, sessile, solitary or clustered, 2-bracted ; bracts at first free, becoming connate, enlarging and including the flower in acalyx- like tubular involucre, the free summits elongated and narrowed. Calyx of the staminate flowers 4- parted, the lobes equal, membranous. Stamens 4, inserted on a naked receptacle. Fertile flowers with- out calyx, staminodia, or nectariferous disk. Oyary ovoid. Styles 2, capillary, united only at the base, exserted, hirsute. Fruit utricular, membranous, villous, included in the exceedingly hirsute involuere. Seed vertical, compressed, obovate, with a simple membranous testa. Embryo nearly annular, surround- ing the small mealy albumen, green; radicle inferior.—Low stellately pubescent undershrubs, with alternate short-petioled entire leaves. LepEBour, in Flor. Ross, CATALOGUE. 293 Fat,” and of repute as a remedy in intermittents. .4,500-7,000 feet altitude ; May—September. (990.) Kocuta’ prosrrata, Schrad. DC. Prodr. 13. 2. 132. Shrubby and branched at base, 6-18’ high, the branchlets herbaceous, erect or ascending, virgate and mostly simple, pubescent, leafy ; leaves narrowly linear, 3-12” long, 3 rarely 1” wide, thick, acutish, villous-pubescent, ascending or erect ; flowers mostly in threes or solitary, the central one perfect; wings of the fruiting calyx 1” in diameter, cuneate-orbicular, obtuse, obsoletely crenulate, nerved; fruit and seed 1” in diameter, the thick embryo nearly filling the exalbuminous seed—465 Torrey from Western Nevada, and reported else- where only in Geyer’s collection, though frequent on the foot-hills and in the alkaline valleys of Nevada and Western Utah; 45,000 feet altitude; May— September. (991.) The whole plant reddish, but not otherwise differ- ent. ~ (992:) CorIsPERMUM HyssopirotiuM, L. From Lake Superior to the Saskatch- ewan and Red Rivers, and northward to the Arctic Ocean; Oregon and Washington Territory ; Arizona and New Mexico. Carson Desert, Nevada, and Jordan Valley, Utah; 4-4,500 feet altitude; August. (993.) SALICORNIA HERBACEA, L, Along the coast from Georgia to New England, and in salt marshes westward to the Saskatchewan and Utah. Mouth of Bear River and at a salt spring in the Wahsatch; .4,300-6,500 feet altitude. (994.) Haosracnys* occipenTauis. Shrubby, erect, branching, 2—5° high; branchlets alternate, spreading, herbaceous, deep-green, jointed ; leaves alter- ' KOCHIA, Roru. Flowers polygamous, perfect and pistillate intermixed, bractless, axillary, ses- sile, solitary or clustered, loosely or closely spicate along the branches. Calyx globose-pitcher-shaped, 5-cleft, herbaceous, the lobes becoming winged on the back with transverse membranous or herbaceous processes, which are often wanting or imperfect in the perfect flowers. Stamens 5, usually exserted, with filiform filaments and ovate anthers. Styles 2, elongated, filiform, divaricate. Fruit utricular, de- pressed, included in the hardened calyx. Seed horizontal, round-ovate, depressed, with a simple mem- branous testa. Embryo nearly annular, thick, green, surrounding the scanty albumen, (sometimes want- ing;) radicle centrifugal—Villous or pubescent herbs or undershrubs, with alternate sessile narrow or semi-terete and fleshy leaves. Moquty,in DC. Prodr. ?HALOSTACHYS, C. A. Meyer. Flowers 1-3, perfect, the clusters subtended by bract-like scales, alternate and crowded in amentaceous terminal spikes. Calyx urceolate, not immersed in the slender rachis, free, becoming rather spongy and laterally obcompressed. Stamens 1-2, the subulate-setaceous filament exserted. Ovary free, ovoid, the ovule suspended from a short funiculus. Styles short, subex- sert, united tothe middle. Fruit utricular, included in the calyx, compressed, the very thin membranous pericarp wholly free, finally bursting transversely at base. Seed vertical, rounded and subcompressed, with a brown membranous nearly smooth testa. Embryo semicircular, half surrounding on the upper side the rather fleshy albumen; radicle inferior—Saline herbs or shrubs, glabrous, with fleshy leaves and branchlets, or leafless, jointed or jointless, LEDEBOUR, in Fl. [oss. . 294 BOTANY. nate, very short and seale-like, broad and amplexicaul at base, acute, often nearly obsolete; spikes numerous, alternate, sessile or sometimes peduncled, cylindrical, 3-10” long, 1” or more in diameter; scales rhomboidal, obtuse, free at the top and sides; flowers in threes, a little exserted ; seed very small, less than 4” in diameter—About Great Salt Lake and in alkaline val- leys westward to the sinks of the Carson and Humboldt Rivers, where it grows luxuriantly in large tracts that would be otherwise destitute of vege- tation. It has been referred to’ Salicornia fruticosa, L., (Arthrocnemum, Moquin, in part,) but is widely different. Nor does it accord with any of the described species of Halostachys, though approaching HH. Ritteriana, Moq., of Spain and Chili. Flowering in August; fruit still immature in October.” (995:) Sumpa MaRITIMA, Dumort. Along the seacoast from Florida to New England, and on alkaline plains from the Platte to Western Texas and west- ward; California, (Douglas.) Frequent in the alkaline valleys of Nevada and Utah, growing 1-2° high, erect and diffusely branched, glabrous or sometimes purberulent, deep-green or the whole plant purple; cauline leaves about 1 long and less than 1” in diameter; seed 2 broad, shining, very minutely punctate-striate near the margins; flowering in July, fruiting in September. (996.) SumpA DEPRESSA, Ledeb. (Salsola, Pursh, Fl. Am. 197. Chenopodina, Moq., DC. Prodr. 13. 2. 164.) Annual, herbaceous, prostrate, very much branched, glabrous, often reddish ; stems (3-6” long) and branches usually more or less flexuous ; leaves mostly flatter and broader than in the last; flowers and seed similar—Apparently distinct from S. maritima, but perhaps identical with S. prostrata, Pall, which is the older name. Moquin’s de- scription differs essentially from that of Pursh, though both were drawn from Nuttall’s specimens. Reported from the Saskatchewan, Dakota, and Colorado. Alkaline flat near the head of Humboldt Valley, Nevada. (997.) Suzpa FRuticosa, Forsk. DC. Prodr. 13. 2. 156. Var. (?) Stout and shrubby at base, 2-3° high; stems suberect, branched, leafy, glabrous ; cauline leaves 1-2’ long, J-1” in thickness, narrowed at base, scattered or rather crowded, those on the branchlets shorter, acute or obtuse; flowers 1-8 in the axils, fertile or staminate ; calyx-lobes nearly 1’ long, obtuse and somewhat hooded, narrowly scarious on the margins; stamens exserted ; « seed black and shining.—This is 522 Frémont from the Sweetwater in Cen- CATALOGUE. 295 tral Wyoming, Stansbury’s plant from near Salt Lake, and 466 Torrey from Nevada. Dr. Torrey has proposed for this the name of S. Moquini, (in Pac. R. R. Rep. 7. 18., Bot. of Parke’s Exped.,) but it is not probable that Moquin had this plant in view in his description of Chenopodina linearis. He seems to have confounded the ordinary S. maritima of the Atlantic coast (Sadsola linearis, Ell.) with specimens of S. fruticosa from Cuba, drawing from the latter the character “shrubby,” and led by the other to conjecture a near identity with the herbaceous S. prostrata. ‘The present plant is also proba- bly the same as S. fruticosa, Var. (?) multiflora, Morr, (ac: Tike. lep: 4: 130,) found from Western Texas to Northern Arizona, and will with little doubt prove to be but one of the many forms of the Old World species. Collected near Humboldt Sink, Nevada, and on Stansbury Island in Salt Lake; May and June, in flower. (998.) ScHOBERIA! OCCIDENTALIS. (Salsola?, n. sp., Torr., in Ms.) Stems 1° high, branched; cauline leaves 6-12" long, 2" thick, nearly terete, acute ; flowers mostly solitary in the axils; lobes of the 5-cleft calyx obtuse, be- coming transversely winged upon the back, the wings short, obtuse, veinless and partially united ; the winged fruit 1” in width, depressed ; seed horizon- tal, 4” wide, black and shining —With much the habit of small specimens of Suada maritima. The winged calyx would suggest an affinity to Sa/sola, but the double integument of the seed and the flat spiral of the embryo refer it rather to the present genus, which, as Ledebour remarks, is distinguished from Sueda more by artificial than natural characters. Dry alkaline meadow in Ruby Valley, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude ; September, in fruit. (999.) SaRcopaTus? veRrMIcuLATUs, Torr. (Fremontia vermicularis, Torr. 1SCHOBERIA, C. A. Mnyer. Flowers perfect, axillary along the branches, sessile, solitary or clustered, minutely bracted. Calyx rounded-urceolate, 5-cleft to the middle or subparted, the lobes fleshy, in most of the flowers with hooded or long-beaked processes upon the keel or at the base, or trans- versely compressed and winged. Stamens 5, on the receptacle, with linear filaments. Ovary adnate to the calyx by a broad base. Style obsolete, the two stigmas short and subulate. Fruit utricular, in- closed in the connivent calyx, the integument free, thin and fragile. Seed usually horizontal, lenticular, smooth or minutely punctate, with a double testa and small albumen; embryo spiral, flat, green, the radicle exterior.—Annual erect glabrous saline herbs, with alternate entire fleshy leaves. LLEDEBOUR, in Fl. Rossica ; including Brezia and Calvelia of Moquin. 2SARCOBATUS, Nugs. Flowers unisexual, monccious and diecious. Staminate flowers in ter- minal aments. Scales eccentrically peltate, stipitate, angular, cuspidate. Stamens 2-4 under each seale, naked, sessile; anthers oblong. Pistillate flowers solitary, axillary. Calyx ovate, compressed, urceo- late, contracted at the apex about the style and somewhat bifid, enlarged and thickened in fruit and de- veloping below the middle a broad transverse undulate veined wing. Ovary sessile, very thin and mem- branous, flattened, orbicular, mostly oblique, terminating laterally and abruptly in the slender included persistent style ; stigmas exserted, thick, divaricate, often unequal; ovyule on a short funiculus, campy- 296 BOTANY. Frem. Rep. 95 and 317, ¢. 3.) Erect, 8-6° high, diffusely branched, more or less spinose and the rigid diyaricate or spreading branchlets spinescent at the extremities; leaves 6-18” long and 1-2” wide, frequently much smaller and fascicled on the branchlets, scurfy-puberulent when young, be- coming glabrous; staminate aments 8-9” long, cylindrical or oblong, nearly 2” in diameter; anthers soon deciduous; winged calyx of the mature fruit 3-6” broad; seed 1” in diameter, with a thin membranous transparent testa—From the Upper Platte and Missouri Rivers to New Mexico and the Gila River, and west to California and Oregon, Frequent in the alkaline valleys of Nevada and Utah, and sometimes found in the lower canons of the mountains ; 4-6,000 feet altitude; flowering from May to July, in fruit till October. (1,000.) AMARANTACEZE. AMARANTUS PANICULATUS, L. Collected at Unionville, Nevada; doubt- less introduced. (1,001.) AMARANTUS RETROFLEXUS, L. Reported from ravines and about mar- mot burrows in New Mexico. Found near roadsides, but far from culti- vated fields, Malade Valley, Utah, and in canons in the Wahsatch ; proba- bly indigenous. (1,002.) AmaARANTUs ALBUS, L. Reported from the Upper Missouri, Northern Texas, and Menzies Island in the Columbia River. Truckee River bottom, and roadsides in the low valleys of Nevada and Utah. Midvein of the leaf terminating as usual ina short awn; erect, the lower branches ascending ; $-2° high. (1,003.) With it was also found a wholly prostrate form, the stems 1—2° long; leaves obovate or nearly orbicular. (1,004.) Mencea! Catirornica, Mog. DC. Prodr. 13. 2. 270. Erect, 1-13° high, loosely branched; leaves obovate or ovate, 5-12” long, attenuate into a petiole, very obtuse, mucronulate; clusters much shorter than the petioles, lotropous. Seed vertical, with a double integument; embryo flat-spiral, green ; radicle inferior; albu- men at the base, very small or none.—A spinescent shrub of alkaline soils, with alternate linear fleshy leaves. Dr. Gray suggests that the wing of the fruit may be the developed margin of the calyx, (as it was considered by Dr. Torrey,) and the superior portion an enlargement of a hypogynous disk. Dissection favors this view of its structure, though differing from the analogies of the order. 'MENGEA, Scuavurr. Flowers moneecious, 1-bracted. Calyx of a single lateral erect glabrous sepal. Stamens 1-2, with capillary filaments and 2-celled oblong-ovate anthers. Ovary 1-celled, 1- ovuled, Style very short; stigmas 2-3, filiform, divaricate. Fruit utricular, subovate, without valves, naked. Seed vertical, flattened-reniform, with crustaceous testa. Embryo annular, surrounding the mealy albumen; radicle inferior.—Diffusely branched glabrous herbs ; leayes alternate; flowers in axil- lary sessile clusters, the staminate terminal and subsolitary ; bracts seale-like, slightly carinate, persist- ent, Mogury, in DC. Prodi, CATALOGUE. 297 rather dense, greenish ; bracts leafy, lanceolate, acute ; sepal narrow-lance- olate, white-membranous ; utricle slightly rough, marked by three elevated longitudinal lines, acutish, green or purplish; seed 4” long, compressed, ob- scurely punctate, dark and shining—California, (1930 Hartweg.) Near Car- son and Empire Cities, Nevada, (90 Anderson and 457 Torrey.) Nrrropnia! occripentauis. (Banalia, Mog. DC. Prodr, 13. 2. 279.) Glabrous; stems herbaceous from a perennial running root-stock, ascending or decumbent, 3-8’ long, diffusely branched, angular, jointed ; lowermost leaves broadly ovate or oblong, amplexicaul, 2-3” long, the remainder linear, 6-12" long, semi-terete, acuminate-mucronate ; bracts shorter but similar, mostly twice longer than the flowers; flowers 1-3 in each axil, the lateral ones frequently short-pedicelled, 2-3-bracted, the central one sessile and often bractless ; sepals 1” long, white and petaloid, erect, exceeding the sta- mens and style; branches of the persistent style divergent ; utricle globose, brown; seed 4” in diameter, black and shining, the margin obtuse.—Col- lected by Nuttall in Oregon, by Wilkes on the Lower Sacramento, by Cooper in the Providence Mountains, Southern California, and by Stretch in South- western Nevada. Near hot springs and in alkaline soils in the valleys of Western Nevada; June, in flower; September, in fruit. (1,005.) ALTERNANTHERA? LANuGINosA, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 180. (A. lanuginosa, Moq., DC. Prodr. 13. 2.359, in part.) Annual, prostrate, diffuse, densely woolly when young with verticillate branched white hairs, becoming nearly smooth ; stems 1° long, not jointed; leaves somewhat in threes, en- tire, thick, obovate, rounded or rhomboidal, 3-10” long, exceeding the peti- INITROPHILA. (Banalia § Idiopsis, Moq.) Flowers perfect, mostly 2-bracteate, 1-3 in each axil, sessile or short-pedicelled. Sepals 5, (rarely 6 or 7,) distinct, oblong, carinate-concave, pointless, persist- ent. Petalsand staminodia none. Stamens as many as the sepals, united at base into a very short per- igynous disk; anthers 2-celled, short-oblong, deeply cordate at base. Styles united to the middle. Ovary l-ovuled. Utricle included within the connivent sepals, indehiscent, 1-seeded. Seed vertical, pendulous from a slender erect funiculus, lenticular; testa crustaceous. Embryo annular, slender, nearly surrounding the copious mealy albumen ; radicle inferior.—A low perennial branching saline herb, with fleshy opposite estipulate mostly semi-terete leaves, and axillary flowers. The single species upon which this genus is founded was referred by Moquin doubtingly to his Banalia, the two other species of which (from India and Brazil) are annuals with flat dilated alternate leaves, the 3-bracted clustered flowers in panicles or spikes, the stamens united at base into a eup, the stems jointless. It is much like a Scleranthus in habit, and seems to be most nearly allied to Polycnemum. 2ALTERNANTHERA, Marr. Flowers perfect or rarely diccious, 3-bracted. Sepals 5. Stamens 5, connate at base into a short cup; filaments filiform ; the intermediate staminodia very minute and usually entire; anthers 1-celled. Ovary 1-celled, L-ovuled. Style short; stigma capitate or 2-lobed, Utricle ovate. Seed vertical, sublenticular; the testa subcrustaceous. Embryo annular, peripherical ; radicle superior.—Herbs or rarely shrubs, often jointed, usually finely villous ; leaves opposite; flows ers usually in terminal or axillary heads, at length deciduous. Two species occur in Florida, 38 298 BOTANY. ole, very obtuse or sometimes acutish, mostly acute at base ; flowers perfect, mostly in pairs, axillary or terminal on short branches, sessile ; sepals nearly 1” long, rigid, lanceolate, obtusish, pubescent at the apex, four times longer than the bracts; the united base of the stamens as long as the ovary ; stam- inodia very small or wanting ; stigma capitate ; utricle twice longer than the calyx, subcompressed, glabrous—New Mexico, Arizona, Sonora; Southern Utah, (Palmer, 1870.) PARONYCHIEZ. ParonycuHIa PULVINATA, Gray. Proc. Acad. Phil. Mar. 1863, p. 58. Matted-ceespitose from a woody root, nearly glabrous; stipules silvery, broadly ovate, entire, pointless; leaves thick, oblong, obtuse, ciliolate-scab- rous upon the margin and somewhat minutely glandular-pubescent, equaling the stipules and with them densely covering the short stems ; flower solitary, terminal, sessile; sepals oval, broadly scarious, awned a little below the somewhat arched apex.—Alpine, forming dense cushion-like tufts, occasion- ally sending out short nearly naked pubescent stems; stipules 2” long, the uppermost somewhat acute but blunt; leaves 24-3” long and 1” wide, bright-green and nerveless; flowers immersed among the leaves; stamino- dia 5, similar to the fertile filaments; ovary glabrous, tapering into the rather short style. Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Uinta Mountains, Utah, above the head of Bear River; 12,000 feet altitude; August. (1,006.) POLYGONACE 2.’ Eriogonum’? caspitosum, Nutt. 7. & Gc, p. 157. (§ UmBecuara. See Appendix, under Eriogonea.) Matted-czespitose; leaves 3-6” long, mostly rosulate on the prostrate branches of the caudex, spatulate, hoary- tomentose on both sides, the margins more or less revolute; scape leafless, 1-3’ high; involucre solitary, naked, deeply 6-8-cleft, the lobes narrow, spreading and at length reflexed; calyx 2-3” long, yellow or tinged with purple, slightly silky-villous, shortly contracted at base, segments oval, the 'We are indebted to Dr. Asa Gray for the determinations in the Suborder Zriogonee, as well as for the specific descriptions, which are drawn from the recent “ Revision of the Eriogonex,” by Drs. Torrey and Gray, in the Proceedings of the American Academy, Vol. VIII, pp. 145-200. 2ERIOGONUM, Micux. Involucre many-flowered, (seldom few-, very rarely 1-flowered,) cam- panulate, top-shaped, or cylindric, usually 5-8-toothed or lobed, pointless. Flowers jointed upon their pedicels, which are more or less exserted from the involucre in flower; bractlets usually very delicate or very narrow. Calyx 6-parted or deeply 6-cleft. Stamens 9. Achenium triangular, or in a few species 3-winged.—North American herbs or nndershrubs, mostly west of the Mississippi. T. & G., Lc. \ATALOGUE. 299 inner and the filaments more or less villous at base; ovary sparingly hirsute above-—From Washington Territory to south-eastern Wyoming. On the Trinity Mountains and above Roberts Station, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude ; May-July. (1,007.) Var. (E. Andinum, Nutt.) A reduced form with smaller bright-yellow flowers and glabrous achenium. In the Virginia and Pah-Ute Mountains, and Ruby Valley, Nevada; April-September. (1,008.) Errogonum sPHE®ROCEPHALUM, Dougl. T. & G., Zc, p. 157. Hoary- tomentose; stems ascending or erect, from a shrubby base, branching, leaty ; leaves spatulate or narrow-oblong, narrowed at base, whorled and fascicled, or few and alternate, upper surface at times glabrate ; peduncles short, usually solitary, sometimes subumbeled or dichotomous; involucres naked, deeply 6-8-cleft, the lobes narrow, spreading, finally deflexed; calyx yellow, the stipe-like base about equaling the pedicel, segments oblong-ovate or the inner ones spatulate; filaments villous at base—Very variable. Califormia to Washington Territory and Montana. Form (5) of T. & G. is the only one col- lected; leaves 6-9” long, hoary with a fine closely appressed tomentum ; stems more simple and much less leafy ; calyx finely pubescent. Low (6-8’,) with bright-yellow flowers ; found growing in broad patches on the foot-hills of Regan’s Valley, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; June. (1,009.) ERI0GONUM HERACLEOIDES, Nutt. 7. & G., 2c. p.159. Rather slender, woolly, tomentose or webbed; sterile branches decumbent, subceespitose, fasciculate, leafy at top; flowering branches or scape-like peduncles sometimes naked, most usually with a whorl of leaves in the middle, with a simple or compound umbel, for the most part involucrate-bracted ; leaves spatulate- oblong or oblanceolate, white-woolly beneath or on both sides; involucre 6-8-cleft, the lobes spreading and soon reflexed, with numerous flowers ; segments of the pale-yellow very glabrous calyx scarcely longer than the very slender stipe; filaments villous below; ovary more or less finely hirsute toward the top, especially upon the angles; cotyledons orbicular, equaling the incurved radicle—The typical form is 14-2° high; leaves becoming glabrate above; umbel compound, many-rayed; flowers pale, smaller than in E. umbellatum, the stipe proportionally longer. Washington Territory to Nevada. East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch, fre- quent; 6—9,000 feet altitude; June-August. (1,010.) Var. minus, Benth. Rather smaller, sometimes with leaves only sub- 300 BOTANY. tending the umbel; passing into Var. ancustirotium, T. & G., with sub- linear leaves and a simple or compound umbel. East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 7—10,000 feet altitude; July, August. (1,011) ERIOGONUM UMBELLATUM, Torr. 7.4 G., 2c. p. 160. A span to a foot high, woolly, tomentose or webby; sterile branches decumbent or creeping, often stolon-like, loosely ceespitose, fasciculate-leafy at top; leaves oboyate- spatulate and oval, narrowing to a petiole, white-woolly beneath ; peduncles scapelike, leafless excepting the involucre of bract-like leaves subtending the simple or rarely subcompound umbel; involucre deeply 6—8-cleft, many- flowered; calyx very glabrous, yellow or sometimes white, the segments 2—3- times longer than the slender stipe; filaments and ovary as in the last; cotyledons nearly orbicular, a little shorter than the scarcely incurved radicle-—Nebraska to Northern Texas and west to Oregon and California. Frequent in the mountains throughout Nevada and Utah; 6—10,000 feet altitude; June—-September. (1,012.) A form is not rare with green and glabrate or almost glabrous leaves and peduncles. East and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 7—9,000 feet altitude. (1,013.) Var. MonocepHALuM, T. & G. Dwarf, depressed, czespitose; leaves glabrate above or on both sides, the blade 2-2’ long ; scape 2-3’ high, slender, bearing 2—4 capitate involucres with usually 1-3 bracts, or a single larger one, usually naked; flowers smaller—Oregon and California. On peaks of the East Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas; 9-11,000 feet altitude; August, September. (1,014.) ErioconumM (PsEuDO-UMBELLATA) Lost, T.& G.; 2 ¢., p. 162. Peren- nial, low, czespitose, hoary at first with a very soft webby tomentum; leaves crowded upon the thick caudex, subrounded, 1-2’ long, contracted abruptly into a usually longer petiole, rather thick, sometimes glabrate above; scape a span high, with rarely a single leaf below; umbel subcompound, dense, stipitate, the verticillate leafy bracts obovate or lanceolate; involucres cam- panulate, 2’ long, 5—7-cleft; flower with a very short abruptly contracted base; calyx 3” long, very glabrous, 6-parted, white or dull-yellow, the segments ovate, nearly equal; filaments villous below; ovary very glabrous; radicle subinflexed, a little exceeding the rounded-obovate eccentric cotyledons.— In the Sierras ; 8-11,000 feet altitude ; near Virginia City, Nevada, (Stretch;) 6,500 feet altitude. Ertoconum (Lacunocgyna) acauLe, Nutt. 7. & G, 2c, p. 163. ‘ATA LOGUE. 301 Perennial, matted-ciespitose, white-tomentose ; leaves sessile, densely crowded upon the closely branched caudex, oblong or sublinear, margins revolute; head of 1-5 nearly sessile short 3—5-toothed involucres, sessile among the uppermost leaves, sometimes shortly exsert-pedunculate in fruit; flewer with a broad sessile base, the calyx hardly 2” long, tomentose, 6-parted, with equal oblong segments ; filaments pilose only at base; ovary very tomentose with long tangled wool.—Leaves 2-3” long, spreading from the imbricated sheathing base. Discovered by Nuttall in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Sandy foot-hills near head of Holmes Creek, Northeastern Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude ; September. (1,015.) ‘Er1oconum (HerrrosepaLa) ovatirouium, Nutt. 7.4 G., lc. p. 164. Perennial, czespitose, acaulescent, hoary-woolly; leaves oval or somewhat rounded, petioled, crowded upon the numerous short branches of the caudex; scape 3-9’ high, simple, leafless, with a single head (very rarely 2) of few (3-8) closely sessile 5—8-toothed involucres; bracts very small or wanting ; calyx with the base not produced, very glabrous, 6-parted, more or less yellow or rose-colored, wholly petaloid, becoming thin and scarious after flowering ; segments very unequal, the outer very broadly oval, cordate at base with usually a rather deep sinus, the lobes reaching to the joint or beyond it, the inner narrow, spatulate, emarginate, connivent-erect and involute, each bear- ing 3 stamens at the claw-like base; ovary glabrous; embryo incurved, the ascending radicle much exceeding the orbicular accumbent cotyledons.— From Colorado to the borders of California; Southern Utah, (Palmer.) The present specimens have the flowers dull-white, usually veined with purple and somewhat tinged with yellow. Frequent on the foot-hills from the Washoe Mountains, Nevada, to the Wahsatch; 5—-6,000 feet altitude; May, June. (1,016.) Also collected in a reduced form on the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, at a height of 10,000 feet; July, August. (1,017.) Var. Leaves oblong, long-petioled; flowers bright-yellow.—East foot- hills of the Pah-Ute Range, Nevada; June. (1,018.) Var. teENuIUS, Benth. A slender form with smaller flowers. Dry foot- hills, head of Holmes Creek, Nevada; September. (1,019.) Eriogonum (Capirata) Kineu, T. & G.; Z¢., p. 165. Perennial, low, cwspitose-acaulescent, white-woolly ; leaves crowded upon the many-branched caudex, spatulate, obovate, sometimes rounded, (blade 3-5’ long,) long- or short-petioled; scape slender, with a single usually naked globose head ; 302 BOTANY. involueres sessile, 6—9, turbinate-campanulate, rather deeply 6—7-toothed, thinly membranous; bractlets slightly bearded; flowers with a broad or rather shortly narrowed base, not produced; calyx 13” long, glabrous, dull- yellow or rose-purple, the nearly equal segments obovate-subeuneate, emar- ginate ; filaments nearly glabrous; embryo as in the last—Peaks and high divides of the East and West Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada; 8-11,000 feet altitude; July-September. (1,020.) Var. LAxirotium, T. & G. Taller, scape 4’ high, branches of the caudex more slender; leaves fewer, sublanceolate, acute, sometimes 1’ long, on slender petioles; flowers golden-yellow.—A strongly marked form, found on a rocky ridge of Stansbury Island, and in the Wahsatch, above Parley’s Park; 5-9,000 feet altitude ; June, July. (1,021.) Erioconum (CapPITELLATA) ELATUM, Dougl. 7. & G., Zc. p. 168. Perennial; leaves all radical, very softly villous-pubescent or almost velvety beneath, ovate-oblong or sublanceolate, narrowed into a petiole, rarely sub- cordate or subhastate at base, margins usually undulate; scapes 1-3° high, naked, rigid, rush-like, sometimes inflated; involucres glabrate or glabrous, few, cylindric or turbinate-campanulate, repandly 5-toothed, many-flowered, gathered in heads or clusters upon a rigid panicle, sometimes only in pairs or solitary in the forks and on rather longer pedicels; bractlets plumose ; base of the flower not produced; calyx white or rose-colored, 6-parted, a little hairy at base, the segments ovate-oblong, nearly equal; ovary glabrous; embryo incurved; cotyledons broad and short—From Washington Territory to California and Nevada. On the Virginia and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 7,000 feet altitude; August, September. (1,022. ERt1ogonum (FascIcuLaTA) FASCICULATUM, Benth. T. & G., Zc. p.169. Shrubby, glabrous or subtomentose, the branches with numerous fascicled leaves; leaves small, oblong-linear or linear-spatulate, margins very revolute, the larger ones attenuate to a short petiole; involucres many-flowered, crowded in capitate usually 3-G-rayed cymes terminating the naked slender peduncles, truncate, subdentate, the teeth at first membranously united; calyx not produced at base, white or pinkish, the obovate-oblong segments nearly equal; bractlets plamose; ovary glabrous; radicle accumbent-incurved upon the rounded half-shorter cotyledons—Southern California. Var. PoLt- rotiuM, Gray. Hoary throughout with a fine pubescence, the leaves some- times glabrate above; peduncles usually longer, 3-5’; involucre-teeth not CATALOGUE. 303 projecting beyond the scarious sinuses; calyx pubescent.—Southern California and Arizona; Southern Utah, (Palmer.) Eriogonum corymBosum, Benth. TT. & G., Zc. p. 170. (§ Corymsosa. See Appendix, under Eriogonee.) Shrubby, 12-2° high, floccose-woolly, the stout woody branches erect or assurgent, leafy to the top, terminated by a broad full-flowered cyme upon a short or rather long peduncle ; leaves oblong, subundulate, 8-18” long ; flowers white, 13” long, usually rather thick at base after flowering, glabrous within, segments obovate, inner ones at least emarginate or retuse; ovary often scabrous above upon the angles. Utah (Frémont and Gunnison) and New Mexico. Err1ogonum microtuecum, Nutt. 7. & G., dc. p.170. Shrubby, rather low, (rarely 1° high,) very much branched from the base ; tomentum floccose, sometimes rather thin; branches as in the last, but the cyme either crowded or effuse; leaves narrowly oblong and linear; flowers white or rose-colored, rarely dull-yellow, seldom over 1” in length, usually rather thick at base after flowering, glabrous within, the segments and ovary as in the last.—In various forms from Nebraska to New Mexico and west to Northern California and Washington Territory. The typical form is low, with linear or linear-oblong, (occasionally oblong,) nearly flat leaves, and open corymbose cymes on rather long peduncles; involucres 1-14” long; uniformly rather slender and graceful in habit. Frequent in the mountains from the Sierras to the Wahsatch, espe- cially in Nevada, with the blade of the leaves 6-12” long and 2-3” wide, peduncles 2-4’ long, and elongated leafy stems; 5-9,000 feet altitude ; July- September. (1,023.) A dwarf alpine form with the leafy stems but 1’ long, peduncles 2-2’ in length and small whitish or deep rose-colored cymes, was found on the East Humboldt Mountains, at 10,000 feet altitude ; August. (1,024.) Rather imperfect specimens were collected at the base of the Pah-Ute range, Nevada, at an unusually low elevation, more densely tomentose, the stems and peduncles rather stout and strict and the branchlets of the loose spreading cyme short and stiff; flowers pale-yellow, few in the involu- eres 9(1;025:) Specimens from the Wahsatch at 6,000 feet altitude, with very short }’) leafy stems and slender almost scapelike peduncles, (4 long,) bright- yellow flowers and rather oblong leaves, are intermediate between the typical form and the following variety. (1,026.) 304 BOTANY. Var. FenpbtertAnum, Benth. Larger; leaves broad, 1-12’ long and 4-5" wide; involucres 2” long in a broad loose cyme.—Collected in New Mexico by Fendler. Nevada specimens, from Bloomer and Torrey, connect with the following form. Var. conreRTIFLORUM, T. & G. Shrubby (1° high) and leafy; leaves narrowly oblong; flowers crowded in the usually contracted cymes—From Utah (Stansbury) to Oregon and Northern California, Var. LeEpToPHYLLUM, T. & G. Leafy; leaves narrowly linear with the margins strongly revolute, glabrate; cyme short, usually full-flowered and crowded.—Utah (Gunnison) and New Mexico. Var. LeprocLapon, T. & G. More slender; leaves linear; cyme loosely panicled; involucres sometimes unilateral from the abortion of the second branchlet.—Green River, Utah, (Gunnison.) ERIOGONUM BREVICAULE, Nutt. 7. G., 2c, p.172. Czspitose-shrubby, the woody leafy branches very short or depressed, bearing a naked elongated herbaceous scapelike peduncle; leaves 1-24’ long and 1-5” broad, linear, oblong-linear or narrowly spatulate-oblanceolate, attenuate into a slender peti- ole, white-woolly on both sides or becoming glabrous above, the margins at length mostly revolute; scapes rigid, 3-10’ high, the cyme repeatedly um- beled or trichotomous, calyculately bracted at the nodes; peduncles and the 5-toothed oblong or cyathiform-campanulate involucres (12-2” long) glabrous or soon glabrate; calyx glabrous within, white or rose-color or sometimes bright yellow, the segments oboyate-oblong and nearly equal; ovary as in the preceding—Cyme ample, either fastigiate or very open, the bracts short, connate, and white-woolly within. Approaching some forms of the last. From the head-waters of the Platte to New Mexico, Utah and Montana; Southern Utah, (Palmer.) Only in the Wahsatch ; 5-7,000 feet altitude ; June, July. Flowers mostly bright yellow; the leafy stems only 1-3' but the slender peduncles 6-12’ long; the branching woody caudex often very stout. (1,027.) Erroconum racemosum, Nutt. 7. & G., Uc, p. 175. (§ Viraata. See Appendix, under Eriogonee.) Perennial, floccose-woolly ; scapes solitary or few from the summit of the subterranean caudex, stout, 1-3° high, naked or leafy-bracted at the lower nodes; leaves 1-3’ long, on long (3-4’) petioles, ovate or oblong, sometimes subcordate, white-woolly beneath ; involucres tubular-campanulate, obtusely 5-toothed, many-flowered, numerous, appressed CATALOGUE. 305 and strictly spicate along the few rigid subsimple branches; calyx rather large, (2” long,) pinkish or white, acute at base, very glabrous, with similar oboyate segments; ovary glabrous or rough above; cotyledons orbicular, very eccentric, rather shorter than the incurved radicle. Northern New Mexico and Utah. Foot-hills of the Wahsatch; 5—6,000 feet altitude; July. (1,028.) Erroconum Wrieuti, Torr. 7. & G., lc. p. 176. Perennial, caules- cent (1—-2° high) from a woody base, branched; branches leafy below; leaves 2-1’ long, oblong-ovate or sublanceolate, narrowed at base, white-woolly both sides or only beneath, smaller and often fascicled in the axils; panicle dicho- tomously branched ; inyolucres 1-14” long, with small bracts, rather loosely spicate along the somewhat rigid branches, 5—-6-toothed, many-flowered ; calyx white or pinkish, very glabrous, acute at base, segments broad-obovate or the outer ones suborbicular; ovary scabrous above, especially on the an- gles—A polymorphous species, extending from Southwestern Texas to Ari- zona, Western Neyada and California. The Nevada specimens (collected by Anderson and others) belong to a depauperate form with very short leafy branches and more scapelike peduncles. ; Erioconum vimineum, Dougl. 7. &G, 2c, p. 177. Annual, low, (4-12’,) sparingly tomentose above or glabrous; leaves radical, rounded, white- woolly beneath, webby above; involucres narrowly tubular, not over 2” long, very shortly 5-toothed, few-flowered, glabrous, appressed, scattered along the very slender glabrous branches of the loose and spreading decompound pani- cle; bractlets small, appressed, scarcely barbellate; calyx very glabrous, white or pinkish, shorter than the inyolucres even in fruit, outer segments broadly oboyate, the inner narrower.—Washington Territory to California and Nevada. Virginia Mountains, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude; August. Leaves 6-8” in diameter, on 3-1’ petioles. (1,029.) Ertoconum GRAcILE, Benth. 7. & G., 2c, p. 178. Annual, usually very much branched ; leaves radical or sometimes more or less cauline, ovate or oblong, white-woolly beneath and floccose above, as also usually the branches and inyolucres; involucres few- or somewhat many-flowered, 5-toothed, about 1” long, scattered on the slender branches of the spreading panicle, appressed; bractlets short, finely subglandular-barbellate ; calyx glabrous, white or rose-colored, shorter than the inyolucre after flowering, outer segments obovate, the inner narrower, Var, EFrusuM, 'T. & G. Pani- 39 306 BOTANY. cle decompound, very open, 4-12’ high; involucres usually glabrate; leaves all radieal—Involueres and flowers rather large for the species. Southern California and Neyada. Pah-Ute and East Humboldt Mountains; 5—6,000 feet altitude; July-September. (1,030.) Specimens from Truckee Desert are taller (18’) and branched from the base, but with very small flowers, the involucre but 3” long, and the yellow calyx even smaller, the mature ache- nium exceeding the flower, the long beak minutely scabrous as in the ordinary form. (1,081.) Erroconum Heermayni, Dur. & Hilg. 7. & G., 2c, p.179. Annual, very glabrous or perhaps glabrate, dichotomously very much branched ; inyo- lucres few along the short divaricate branchlets, short-campanulate, 1” long and as wide, seyeral-flowered, 2-3 times longer than the oyate-subulate bracts, teeth 4—5, broad, rounded; bractlets chaffy, glandular-ciliate, the outer linear, the innermost filiform; calyx glabrous, 2’ long in fruit, outer segments rounded, much larger than the oblong-spatulate inner ones ; beak of the achenium minutely scabrous.—California, (Heerman;) sterile plains ot Western Nevada, (Torrey ;) Southern Utah, (Palmer.) The latter specimens are 6’ high, the branchlets rather stout and rigid, woolly tomentose; lobes of the involuecre also pubescent; calyx white, very small. Ertogonum Piumatetia, Dur. & Hilg. 7. 6G, 2¢, p.179. Annual, floccose-woolly, low, (8-8';) leaves radical, orbicular, long-petioled, white- woolly beneath; branches of the decompound panicle rather rigid, many- flowered, either straight or twisted, at length becoming entangled ; involucres very small, shorter than the flowers, campanulate, few-flowered, not exceed- ing the bracts, appressed, scattered on the naked branchlets; bractlets fili- form, scarcely barbellate; calyx white, rose-purple or yellowish, glabrous, 1” long, the similar segments (the inner ones slightly narrower, scarcely longer, ) obovate-cuneiform and broadly retuse, quasi-pandurate from the incurving of the margins at the middle; achenium minutely scabrous above; embryo much incurved, the cotyledons accumbent.—Southern California, (Heermann ;) Western Neyada. Carson Desert, West Humboldt Mountains, and Monitor Valley ; 4-5,000 feet altitude ; June-September. (1,032.) ERIOGONUM DEFLExUM, Torr. 7.4 G., 2c. p. 181. (§ Pepuncuxata. See Appendix, under Eriogonee.) Annual, rather stout, 1-2° high; leaves 1—2’ in diameter, radical, rounded, subcordate, floecose-woolly, long-petioled ; branches of the glabrous effuse many-flowered panicle rigid, rushlike, usually 5 ce ' ( = , 1 ae = ; 7 : -— ! : - - ' 7 . - mos ; nie —_ Lies j ; ; e id oe be U , ; ; > : : ; ee . = 7 . . i ; ; e , a u } > 1 : > CATALOGUE. 307 divaricate ; pedicels rigid, sometimes racemose-secund, soon deflexed, very short ; involucre short-campanulate or hemispherical, about 1” long, exceed- ing the pedicels, many-flowered ; bractlets bearded-ciliate, the outer broad- linear, the inner filiform-spatulate ; calyx white or yellow, glabrous, very obtuse at base, the outer segments orbicular, cordate at base, the inner obovate, retuse, many times smaller; beak of the achenium more or less scabrous.—With much the habit of the Virgata section, which it ap proaches. Southeastern California, Southern Arizona, and Southern Utah, (Palmer, 1870.) Virginia Mountains, Western Nevada, and in the Wah- satch at the mouth of American Fork Cafion; 5-6,000 feet altitude ; August. (1,033. Ertoconum nutans, T. & G.; 2c, p. 181. Annual, low (2-4’) and somewhat slender; leaves all radical, 3’ in diameter, round, floccose-woolly, on long or short petioles; panicle loose and spreading, rather simple, glab- rous ; pedicels nodding, 2-3” long, very minutely viscous-glandular as well as the broadly campanulate rather few-flowered (1 long) involucre ; bractlets filiform, very thickly glandular ; calyx bright rose-color, becoming 1-2” long, very obtuse at base, outer segments broad-oval, emarginate and almost ob- cordate, the inner not half as large and a little shorter, oblong, retuse, at length folded; beak of the achenium more or less scabrous.—Mud Lake Valley, 20 miles north of Pyramid Lake, (Beckwith.) Unionville Valley and foot-hills of the Pah-Ute range, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; June. Prare XXXIII. Fig. 1. A plant; natural size. Fig. 2. A node, with bracts, involucre and flowers. Fig. 3. A flower, expanded. Fig. 4. The nearly ma- ture achenium; all enlarged four diameters. (1,034.) Erroconum Warsonu, T. & G.; 2, p. 182. Annual, slender, 6-12’ high; leaves as in the last, usually subcordate ; panicle glabrous, decompound, very spreading and open, loosely many-flowered ; pedicels glandless, spread- ing or deflexed, 2-3 times or sometimes but little longer than the narrow- or clavate-campanulate scarcely many-flowered smooth (1' long) involucre ; bractlets setaceous, sparingly glandular-barbellate ; calyx very glabrous, white or pinkish, obtuse at base, the segments similar, oval, a little retuse, the inner ones slightly smaller ; beak of the achenium more or less scabrous—The very effuse panicle is broader than its height, the pedicels sometimes very mi- nutely and obscurely glandular, the calyx 1 long, narrower than in the last but less so at base than the following. First found by Dr. Torrey in the West o 308 BOTANY. Humboldt Mountains, Nevada. Collected in-Star Canon of the same range ; 5,000 feet altitude ; September. (1,035.) “RIOGONUM CERNUUM, Nutt. 7. & G., dc. p. 182. Annual, slender, 4-12’ high; leaves radical or sometimes cauline, round or obovate, somewhat long-petioled, floccose-woolly ; panicle glabrous, widely spreading, decom- pound, usually very many-flowered; pedicels soon deflexed, smooth, 2-3 times longer than the campanulate glabrous many-flowered involucre ; bract- lets setaceous, short, subnaked;* calyx white or pinkish, glabrous, 6-cleft, turbinate and acute at base, the outer segments square, emarginate or retuse, scarcely exceeding the oblong half-as-wide inner ones.—Involucres not over 1’ long; flowers scarcely as long and often much shorter, and well-marked by the top-shaped base. Western Texas to Arizona and north to Wyoming and Idaho. Var. tenun, T. & G. Panicle more slender, and with less nu- merous flowers; pedicels capillary, elongated, 3-12” long; involucre smaller or more slender, few-flowered.—Ruby Valley and Humboldt Pass, Nevada, on the foot-hills of the Wahsatch and in Bear River Valley, near Evanston, Utah; 5-6,000 feet altitude; July-September. (1,0386.) Erjoconum pusittum, T. & G.; Zc. p.184. Annual, often small, 2-10’ high; leaves radical, 2-12” in diameter, round and obovate, usually narrowed into a petiole 3-14’ long, the larger often subcordate at base, white-woolly beneath, floccose above; bracts rather small, in fours at the nodes and base of the loose somewhat simple or effusely branched panicle, glandular and woolly within; pedicels very slender and elongated, in the forks 4-1’ long, not deflexed; involucre nearly hemispherical, coarsely 5—6-toothed, 10-15- flowered, minutely glandular, less than 1” long; bractlets obovate and spatu- late, loosely webby-woolly below; calyx yellow, sometimes tinged with purple, becoming nearly 1” long, slightly glandular-puberulent, very obtuse at base, deeply 5-parted, the segments nearly similar, the outer oval-obovate, a little larger than the oblong inner ones—Foot-hills of the Trinity Mountains, Ne- vada; 5,000 feet altitude; May. (1,037.) The original description, here slightly modified, was founded on a dwarf precocious form. Better developed specimens (ticketed by Dr. Gray EL. reniforme) have larger subcordate leaves and a more branched panicle. The very nearly allied E. renijorme, Torr., collected by Frémont on the Sacra- mento, and by Cooper and Palmer in Western Arizona, first described in Frémont’s report, has the leaves densely and very softly woolly on both sides CATALOGUE. 309 and somewhat reniform, the involucres not glandular, and the white or pinkish calyx glabrous. Specimens collected in Arizona by Dr. Palmer in 1870 are 1° high, very slender and delicate; the glabrous ovate achenium exceeding the calyx. Erioconum tricnopopum, Torr. T. & G., Zc. p. 185. Leaves finely pubescent or glabrous above, oval or rounded, sometimes subcordate, long- petioled ; scape short, sometimes very short, rather rigid, often fistulous and occasionally inflated ; panicle divaricately much-branched, the branches elon- gated; bracts not woolly; pedicels capillary, divaricate and mostly secund along the ultimate branchlets ; involucre 2’ long or usually less, glabrous, very few-flowered, 4~5-cleft ; calyx yellow, densely pubescent, about twice longer than the involucre, the segments similar and nearly equal—1—2° high ; much resembling the next, but (as shown by Palmer’s specimens) with more numerous and slender branches, the scapes and internodes shorter and less frequently inflated, the branches more simple and pedicels secund, the involucres fewer-flowered and the calyx and achenium smaller; the whole plant of a decided yellow hue. Western Texas to Southern California and collected by Dr. Palmer in Southern Utah. Erroconum inruatum, Torr. 7.8 G., 2c. p.185. Annual, 13-2° high; leaves radical, hirsutely or velvety-pubescent, sometimes glabrate, orbicular or rounded-cordate on elongated petioles; scape elongated, fusiform-inflated above ; panicle effusely very much branched, (usually compoundly umbellate below, the primary rays sometimes inflated,) the branches rather rigid, naked and elongated between the joints; bracts ciliate, not woolly; pedicels capillary, divaricate, very glabrous, 4-1’ or more long, not deflexed ; involucre about 3” long, smooth, 4—5-cleft, few-flowered, the segments similar and subequal; calyx yellowish, densely hirsute, obtuse at base, segments ovate, subequal, becoming 1” long.—California, Arizona, and Neyada. Foot-hills of the Trinity Mountains near the foot of Humboldt Lake; 4—4,500 feet alti- tude; May-August. As in other species, the younger specimens may be very much reduced, sometimes but 3-4’ high, with the panicle very simple, the scapes slender and not at all inflated and the leaves only 3-4” in diame- ter. (1,038.) Erroconum (Psrupo-sTIPpuLaTa) ANGuLOSUM, Benth. 7. Ops, LiCHpa Ld 8. Annual, floccose-woolly, at length glabrate, 4-12’ high; stems erect, leafy, branching into a repeatedly di-trichotomous panicle; branches acutely 310 BOTANY. 4—6-angled; radical leaves spatulate or rounded, the true cauline ones small, resembling dark-scarious stipules, the axillary leaves in pairs or fascicled, oblong-linear and lanceolate; pedicels filiform, 4-1’ long, widely spreading, involucres short-campanulate or hemispherical, minutely glandular or almost smooth, solitary, many-flowered, 5-toothed, (the teeth broad and_ short,) becoming dilated in fruit, but scarcely equaling the included bracts, which are thin, broadly spatulate, and woolly below; proper bractlets minute and capillary, villous-plumose, often wanting ; flowers very obtuse at base, minutely glandular, scarcely 1” long, on short pedicels not exceeding the bracts, rose- colored or white, deeply 5-parted, the outer segments ovate, concave, the inner at length longer, lanceolate-oblong; ovary glabrous; achenium sharply triangular.—California and Nevada; Southern Utah, (Palmer.) Rather fre- quent in the dry valleys and lower canons of Western Nevada, as far east as Monitor Valley, and also found on Stansbury Island ; 4-5,000 feet altitude ; May—September. (1,039.) E.. diwaricatum, and E. salsuginosum, Hook., reported as collected by Geyer and Nuttall, in “ Utah,” on the Upper Colorado, were probably found on the upper branches of Green River in Wyoming Territory. Ertioconum (Fouiosa) spERGULINUM, Gray. T. & G., Z. ¢, p. 189. Annual, hirsute at base, very slender, with elongated internodes, leafy ; leaves hirsute and glandular, green on both sides, the cauline opposite or verticillate (the lowest only alternate) and fascicled in the axils, narrowly linear, the margins sometimes revolute; panicle loose and spreading, with smooth very slender capillary pedicels rarely 1/ long; involucres glabrous, very small, 2 long, 4-cleft, 1-flowered with the rudiment of a second ; bractlets none; calyx white, 1-13” long, with a slightly pilose very short base, petaloid, the segments equal, cuneate-oblong, the outer obtuse or retuse, the inner truncate at the apex and more or less erose-tridentate ; ovary glabrous; achenium lenticular.—-California, Western Nevada, (Ander- son; Bloomer.) OxyTHEcA’ DENDROIDEA, Nutt. 7. & G, 2c. p.190. Branches very numerous in a loose and spreading cyme; leayes only mucronate, the radical ones lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, slightly hirsute, the cauline leaves 'OXYTHECA, Nurr. Involucre few-flowered, cup-shaped, 4-cleft, the lobes terminated by slender awns. Flowers, bractlets, ete., as in Eriogonum. Achenium lenticular. Radicle long, accumbent to the orbicular cotyledons.—Divaricately many-branched annuals, loosely flowered, the slender branches sprinkled here and there with small pedicellate glands. T. & G., le. CATALOGUE. BL gradually reduced in size, sometimes subconnate at base ; involucre pedicelled, the awns often unequal; pedicels naked, at least the lower alar ones very slender. Var. (O. foliosa, Nutt.) A large stout and leafy form, 6’-1° high, rather sparingly branched, the conspicuous cauline leaves broad and connate at base ; involucres about 1” long, exceeding the awns ; calyx white or pinkish, the outer segments pubescent, broad-oblong, obtuse, the inner more delicate, narrower and a little shorter; ovary glabrous, as in other species.—Southern Idaho, (Nuttall ;) near Empire City, Nevada, (Dr. Torrey.) Monitor Valley, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; July. (1,040.) Var. Very slender; branches very numerous and many-flowered; upper leaves small and inconspicuous; involucres very small, 3” long or less, shorter than the awns; inner segments of the calyx emarginate-—Resembling the Chilian form. Pah-Ute Mountains and Monitor Valley, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; July-September. (1,041.) OxytHeca Wartsont, T. & G.; Uc. p. 191. Effusely much branched, 4-10/ high; radical leaves }-12’ long, oblong-spatulate, scarcely mucronate, pubescent ; bracts ovate or oyate-lanceolate, mucronate with a long awn, usually connate but only at the base and mostly on one side, (where there is often an accessory awned lobe,) diminishing upward, rigid and usually de- curved, the uppermost reduced ones and the lobes of the involucre half shorter than their rigid awns, (4-2” long;) involucres about 3-flowered, subsessile in the axils, or terminating short bibracteolate pedicels—The glandular pubescence is more dense above the nodes and sometimes stellate. Monitor Valley, Nevada; 5,500 feet altitude; July. Prats XXXII. Fig.5. A small plant; natural size. Fig. 6. A node with bracts, involucre and flower; enlarged four diameters. Fig. 7. A flower, expanded; enlarged eight diame- ters. (1,042.) OxyTHeca prerFoLiATA, T. & G.; lc, p. 191. Closely resembling Chorizanthe perfoliata, low (3-6',) divaricately branched, glandular-pubescent on the lower half of the internodes; leaves scabrous, becoming glaucous, red and chartaceous in older specimens, the radical ones spatulate, ciliate, the cauline or bracts 3-1’ in diameter, scarcely diminishing upward, (half the length of the internodes,) centrally perfoliate, excepting the lowest whorl of 3-4 small leaves, which are connate only at base, disk-shaped, subtriangular- orbicular, reticulately veined, 3-awned ; involucres sessile in the axils, solitary, the lobes 14” long, subulate-lanceolate, equaling their awns, with 4-6 con- ole, BOTANY. spicuously pedicellate flowers; calyx pubescent, the segments narrowly oblong, acute, nearly equal; achenium turgidly oyate-lenticular, pointed.— First collected by Frémont in Nevada; rather frequent in the Truckee, Humboldt and Unionville Valleys, at the base of the foot-hills; 4,500 feet altitude. May-July. Phare XXXIV. Fig. 1. A plant; natural size. Fig. 2. A node, bracts, inyolucre and flowers; enlarged three diameters. Fig. 3. A flower, expanded; enlarged eight diameters. (1,043.) CHorIzaANTHE! BREvVIcoRNU, Torr. TJ. & G., Zc, p. 196. Annual, grayish-puberulent, about 4° high; leaves mostly radical, linear or spatulate- obovate, entire; bracts rather small, uncinate-mucronate ; inyolucres for the most part scattered along the somewhat scattered branches of the panicle, narrow-prismatic, 6-costate, the stout ribs excurrent into subulate recurved awns terminating the herbaceous nearly equal teeth, which are 3-5 times shorter than the tube (2-8” long, and scarcely 2 broad;) lobes of the calyx entire; stamens 3, inserted near the base—Southeastern California and Western Arizona. Base of foot-hills near the Big Bend of the Truckee ; May, not yet in flower. (1,044) CHORIZANTHE RIGIDA, Torr, 7.4 G., 2c, p. 198. Annual, at first woolly ; stem 3-1’ high, slightly branched, finally more dense and woody ; leaves ovate or obovate, 4-8” long, entire, obtuse or acutish, pointless, long- petioled, white-tomentose beneath; involucres coriaceous, triangular, 6-costate, 3-cleft, sessile in the axils, solitary or crowded; lobes not margined, unequal, ovate or triangular-lanceolate, terminated by a straight spiny cusp, longer than the transversly veined short-campanulate tube; subtending bracts elon- gated and awn-shaped or lanceolate, spinescent-cuspidate, at length indurated ; flowers pedicelled, with slender bractlets; tube of the 6-lobed calyx cylindric, obtuse at base; stamens 9, inserted on the throat, with short filaments and anthers. —Bracteal spines becoming 2’ or more long, and the older involucres scarious between the reticulations; calyx yellowish; cotyledons rounded, aecumbent on the base of the slender curved radicle. Southeastern Cali- 1\CHORIZANTHE, R. Brown. (Including Mucronea, Benth. and Acanthogonum, Torr.) Involuecre 1-flowered, gamophyllous, not appendaged at base, the tube usually angled or costate, the 2-6 teeth or lobes usually unequal and almost always terminated by a cusp or awn. Flower included or slightly ex- serted, subsessile or shortly pedicelled. Perigonium thin or petaloid, 6-lobed or parted. Stamens 9, rarely 3 or 6. Acheninm triangular. Embryo as in Lriogonum, sometimes straight with rather narrow cotyledons, sometimes incuryed-eecentric, or with broad cotyledons more or less aceumbent to the radi- cle.—Low ; involucres sessile, in eymes or scattered ; leaves opposite and yerticillate, or the lower usually alternate. Ty. & G., Ll. ¢, a ra \ CATALOGUE, aie fornia, Arizona, and New Mexico. With the last, and also near Humboldt Lake, Western Nevada; May. (1,045.) CuorizAntHe Watsont, T. & G.; @¢., p.199. Small, annual, hoary- pubescent, the at length sub-cymosely branched stem 1-3/ high; leaves 2-8” long, 1” wide, narrowly spatulate or lanceolate, petioled, acutish, pointless, entire ; inyolucres somewhat scattered, panicled, coriaceous, the 5 teeth not margined, very unequal and, like the small acerose-subulate bracts, termin- ating in a recurved cusp, one (rarely 2) larger or broad and leafy, often nearly equaling the smooth cylindric (12-22” long) tube, the rest subulate and small; flower included, on a slender pedicel; tube of the yellow 6-lobed calyx cylindric, the lobes slightly pubescent, acute; stamens 9, inserted on the throat, the filaments and anthers short; seed linear-subulate ; embryo straight ; cotyledons linear, longer than the radicle-—Collected by Dr. Torrey and Stretch, in Western Neyada. Rather frequent on the dry wash of the foot-hills from the Humboldt to Reese River; May-July. Puare XXXIV. Fig. 4. A plant; natural size. Fig. 5. Involucre, laid open, and flower ; enlarged four diameters. Tig. 6. Flower, laid open ; enlarged twelve diame- ters. (1,046.) Oxyria picyna, Campd. White Mountains of New Hampshire, Labra- dor, and Greenland, and on the Arctic Coast to Behring Strait; Unalaska, and southward in the mountains to Colorado and California. East Humboldt, Clover, Wahsatch and Uinta Mountains; 8,500-11,000 feet altitude, in the moist crevices of shaded rocks ; July-September. (1,047.) Rumex venosus, Pursh. DC. Prodr. 14. 43. Stem branched, 1° high; leaves thick, flat, glabrous, petioled, the lowest ovate-subcordate at base, the rest ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acute, attenuate at base; panicle leafy only at base ; raceme axillary and terminal, solitary, simple, sessile, the fascicles 3—8-flowered ; flowers perfect, on capillary pedicels, jointed at the base and equaling the valves; valves equal, orbicular, deeply cordate, entire, closely reticulate-veined, destitute of callus, becoming greatly dilated—Leavés often 4’ long and 14-2’ wide, on rather short petioles; valves bright rose-color at maturity, 9-12” in diameter; outer sepals finally deflexed, about equaling the sinus of the valves. From the Saskatchewan to the Columbia and southward to New Mexico and California. Foot-hills of the West Humboldt and Pah- Ute Mountains, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; May, June. (1,048.) 40 314 BOTANY. RumMex Loncirotius, DC. Prodr. 14. 44. Stout, 3-5° high; leaves elongated, acute, undulate, the lowest oblong, subcordate or obtuse at base, 6-15’ long, 2-4’ wide, long-petioled, the upper lanceolate, attenuate at each end, and the uppermost linear; petioles flat above, with a thin linear margin ; panicle simple, leafless above, the racemes sessile; valves about 22’ in diame- ter, broad-oyate, slightly cordate, obtuse, finely reticulated, subentire, without callosities —Referred by Hooker and others to 2. aquaticus. In the Saskat- chewan region, and on the Western Coast from Unalaska and Sitka to Cali- fornia; Colorado, (498 Vasey.) Ruby and Huntington Valleys, Nevada; also in the Uintas; 6=7,000 feet altitude ; July-August. (1,049.) Rumex Brirannica, L. New York to Illinois and the Upper Missouri; southward in Texas and New Mexico. Jordan Valley, Utah, on Cottonwood Creek; July. (1,050.) tUMEX SALICIFoLIUS, Weinm. Coast of New England, Newfoundland, and from the Great Bear Lake and Sitka to Western Texas, New Mexico, and California. In the valleys from the Truckee River, Nevada, to the Wahsatch; 4-6,000 feet altitude ; July-September. (1,051.) Var. (2?) Leaves undulate, truncate or cordate at base; valves 1” long, narrowly winged, subrhomboidal, acute or acuminate, subdenticulate—The same as 1780 and 1781 Wright, from Frontera on the Rio Grande, referred in the Botany of the Mexican Boundary to this species, but perhaps dis- tinct. (1,052. Rumex Maritimus, L. Sea-shore from Massachusetts to Virginia; from Hudson’s Bay to the Saskatchewan and Washington Territory and southward to Illinois, Western Texas, New Mexico and California. Variable in height and habit. Truckee and Ruby Valleys, Nevada, in Salt Lake Valley, and in Provo Canon in the Wahsatch ; 46,000 feet altitude ; July-October. (1,053.) tuMEX (AcETosA) PAuCcIFoLIuS, Nutt., Ms. in Herb. Gray. (2. Engel- manni, Var. ? G'eyeri, Meisn. DC. Prodr. 14. 64.) Perennial; stem erect, simple, rather slender, 12-3° high; leaves 2—4’ long, 9-15” wide, petioled, lanceolate, acute, entire, flat, attenuate at each end; panicle simple, nearly leafless ; pedicels longer than the flower, articulated below the middle; valves 2’ in diameter, broad-ovate, cordate, entire, reticulately veined, naked, thin and purplish.—Rocky Mountains of Idaho and Montana, (Nuttall, 488 Geyer.) Parley’s Park in the Wahsatch ; 6,000 feet altitude; June. Resembling R. hastatulus, Bald., (Muhl. Cat., 2. ed., p. 37. Ell. Sk. 1. 416; this name dropped CATALOGUE. vo _— Jt by Meisner in DC. Prodr. and R. Engelmanni, Ledeb. adopted, on account of a prior Lt. hastulatus, Sm., which, however, he himself refers to Miihlenbeckia Chilensis,) but of stouter habit, with lanceolate, not at all hastate leaves, and the valves larger, entire and rather less obtuse; they are somewhat erose in P. hastatulus. (1,054.) PotyGonum AvicuLaRE, L. From latitude 65° southward to the Gult and Mexico. .) Stipes less exserted ; pod pointed at each end. 84. A. oxypriysus, Gray. Very softly hoary-villous. stems 3° long; stipules scarious ; leaflets 8-11 pairs, oblong, 1/ long or less, from hoary becoming green ; peduncles much exceeding the leaves; raceme elongated ; bracts subulate, small; calyx silky, the subulate teeth half-shorter than the cylindric tube ; flowers narrow, 9” long, white or greenish-white ; pod obovate-clavate, 14-2’ long, glabrate, acutely acu- minate and long-attenuate at base, stipe 3-4” long, recurved, pubescent.—California. 85. A. rRiGrpus, Gray. Subglabrous, 1-2° high; stipules ovate-oblong, membranous ; leaflets 7-9 pairs, ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, green ; peduncles equaling the leaves; calyx-teeth short; corolla white ; pod oblong, acute at each end, black-hairy or glabrous, the stipe equaling or exceeding the calyx.—From the Rocky Mts. of Colorado to Alaska and the Arctic regions. § 20. LONCHOCARPI. Pod membranous, lanceolate-cylindric, straight, exsertly stipitate, glabrous, neither suture intruded; flowers rather large ; calyx cylindric ; leaflets few or almost none. 86. A. Loncnocarrus, T. & G. Ashy-puberulent, glabrate, perennial: stem fistulous, branched, 2° long; stipules distinet, small; leaflets 1-5, filiform-linear, remote, the leaf sometimes reduced to the flat- tened-filiform rachis; racemes loosely many-flowered; bracts half-shorter than the pedicels; flowers white, pendent; calyx-teeth broad-subulate, one-fourth the length of the tube; pod 14’ long, very sharply acuminate at each end.—New Mexico. § 21. MICROCYSTEI. Pod membranous or chartaccous, small, globose or ovate, inflated, sessile, neither suture intruded. Perennial, diffse or procumbent, mostly small and slender; flowers small and usually few. 87. A. Microcystis, Gray. Ashy-pubescent, procumbent, from a woody root ; stems slender, much- branched ; stipules scarious, connate or the uppermost nearly distinct; leaflets 4-6 pairs, oblong or oblong- lanceolate, obtuse ; racemes slender, 5-12-flowered ; calyx hairy, the teeth setaceous-subulate, equaling the short-campanulate tube; corolla violet or whitish, the deeply emarginate banner slightly exceeding the wings, twice longer than the ineuryed keel; pod globose-ovate, 3” long, thin-membranous, gray- pubescent.—Washington Territory. 88, A. LEPTALEUS, Gray. Nearly glabrous, stems slender, ascending, a span high; stipules long- subulate, subconnate at base; leaflets 7-11 pairs, lance-linear or oblong, often acute; peduncles 2-4- flowered, shorter than the leaves ; calyx with short black hairs, the campanulate tube slightly exceeding the subulate teeth, about equaling the pedicel and subulate bract ; corolla 4 long, white, the emarginate banner a third longer than the violet-tipped keel; pod ovate or oval, 4’ long, puberulent, chartaceous, sub-obcompressed (?).—Colorado, 89, A. THuRBERI, Gray. Cinereous with minute pubescence; stems suberect, 6-10! high; stipules distinct, small, searious ; leaflets 6-7 pairs, linear-oblong, retuse, rather thick ; racemes short-peduncled, loosely 10-20-flowered ; flowers whitish, 3” long, very short, pedicelled ; calyx-teeth subulate, slightly shorter than the tube ; pod coriaceous-membranous, globose, 3! long, glabrous.—Arizona. 90, A. JEJUNUS, S. Watson. Pod gibbous dorsally. See page 73, and Plate XIII. § 22. BISULCATI. Pod coriaceous, shortly exsert-stipitate, straight, narrowly oblong, semi-cylin- dric, the deeply concave ventral surface divided by the salient cbtuse suture. Perennial. 91. A. BISULCATUS, Gray. Strigulose-puberulent ; stem erect, over 1° high, stout ; stipules distinct, free ; leaflets oblong, often narrow, the lowest near the stem ; flowers violet, in dense spikelike racemes, middle-sized, pendent or spreading, the keel nearly straight ; calyx-teeth setaceous, scarcely shorter than the campanulate tube; pod }/ long.—From Nebraska to the Saskatchewan and Rocky Mts. § 23. PECTINATI. Pod thick-cartilaginous with a subfleshy epicarp, subovate or oblong, turgid, sessile, neither suture intruded but both thick and prominent. Perennial, 1° high, stem and leaves rather rigid ; leaflets nearly filiform, not jointed to the rachis, persistent ; lower stipules connate ; flowers nearly 1’ long, keel nearly straight. APPENDIX. 443 92. A. PECTINATUS, Dougl. Ashy-puberulent, glabrate; branches striate, angled; calyx-teeth much shorter than the cylindric tube; flowers white, many in a rather short raceme, the banner elongated ; pod }’ long, pendulous, glabrous, cuspidate, the dorsal suture very thick.—Nebraska to the Saskatchewan. 93. A. NuDUS, 8S. Watson. Pod erect, larger; flowers few, blue. See page 74. § 24. SCYTOCARPI. Pod coriaceous, ovate or oblong, rarely cylindrical, turgid, not suleate and neither suture intruded. * Stipe thick, about equaling the cylindrical calyx ; flowers 1’ long. 94, A. Preuss, Gray. Nearly glabrous; stem erect, over 1° high; stipules ovate, distinct; leaflets 6-8 pairs, rather fleshy, subrounded, 4’ long, sometimes retuse; bracts ovate, small; calyx-teeth subu- late, 3-4 times shorter than the tube; corolla apparently purple, the straightish keel a little shorter than the wings, banner elongated; pod oval-oblong, 1’ long, straight, firmly coriaceous, inflated, glabrous, pointed, abruptly contracted at base.—S. Nevada. * * Pod sessile or scarcely stipitate. (a.) Nearly acaulescent, silvery-silky, large-flowered, perennial. 95. A. CHAMELEUCE, Gray. Scapes short, 3-8-flowered ; pod 4-1’ long. See page 74. (b.) Low, annual or biennial, canescent ; flowers small; stipules distinct. 96. A. TEPHRODES, Gray. MHoary-villous; stems very short; stipules scarious, triangular-ovate ; leaflets 7-12 pairs, oblong and oval; leaves scapelike, at length 3’ long and exceeding the leaves, spi- cately many-flowered ; calyx-teeth half-shorter than the campanulate tube; corolla purple; pod pubes- cent, arcuate-ovate, gibbous dorsally, acute, chartaceous-coriaceous, +’ long or more.—New Mexico. 97. A. aripuS, Gray. Silky-canescent, annual; stems a span high, diffuse-erect, leafy ; stipules min- ute; leaflets 5-6 pairs, oblong, white-silky on both sides; peduncles spicately 5-8-flowered, shorter than the leaf; calyx-teeth shorter than the short-campanulate tube; corolla ochroleucous, 2-23” long; pod eanescent, gibbous-ovate, }/ long, thinly coriaceous, (or perhaps membranous,) inflated.—S. California. (c.) Canescent-downy ; stem rather stout, 19 high or more; flowers and fruit in very dense oblong or cylindric spikes; stipules scarious, distinct. 98. A. pycNosTacuHtius, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6. 527. Leaflets in many pairs, oblong, 3-6 long, equally downy both sides, obtuse or retuse, mucronate ; peduncles equaling the leaves, 2-3’ long ; spikes 1 long in flower, 2’ long in fruit; calyx-teeth subulate, shorter than the short campanulate tube; corolla 4" long, apparently pale ; pod coriaceous, ovate, 4-5’ long, glabrous, turgidly lens-shaped, cuspidate, re- flexed, 1-3-seeded, sutures acute.—Salt-marshes, Baulinas Bay, California. (d.) Perennial, pilose-silky, decumbent ; flowers 4-5’ long ; stipules scarious, connate. 99. A. Sonora, Gray. Stems slender, decumbently diffuse or prostrate ; leaflets 7-8 pairs, oblong- linear or lanceolate, acute, canescent both sides with close-pressed silly hairs ; peduncles exceeding the leaves, spicately 8-12-flowered; calyx-teeth setaceous, equaling the campanuiate tube; corolla purple, incurved, the inflexed keel produced into a beak; pod hoary-puberulent, ovate-lunate, }/ long, acuminate, turgid, chartaceous-coriaceous, the sutures prominent.—Arizona, Sonora. (e.) Glabrous or pubescent, perennial, stems ascending or erect, usually flexuous; stipules mostly distinct ; flowers 4” long, (7-8 long in 4. Hallii ;) pod often spreading or pendulous, very shortly stipitate or sessile ; calyx gray- or dark-pubescent, the teeth shorter than the tube. 100. A. GRacmLENTUS, Gray. About 1° high, erect, appressed-pubescent ; leaflets oblong-linear, at- tenuate at base; racemes loose; corolla purplish ; pod chartaceous-coriaceous, oblong, about 1’ long, inflated, obtuse at each end, straightish, ashy-pubescent, sessile-— New Mexico. 101. A. Fenpieri, Gray. Glabrous or appressed-puberulent, erect, over 1° high; leaflets oblong or linear-oblong; racemes long-peduncled, loosely purple-flowered; pod oval, inflated, chartaceous-coria- ceous, about 1’ long, straight. pointed, minutely puberulent, very shortly stipitate—New Mexico, Colo- rado. “ Probably passing into A. flecuosus.” 102. A. Hatin, Gray. Subcinereous-pubescent, glabrate; stems rather stout, 1° high, ascending; stipules subulate ; leaflets 9-12 pairs, narrow-oblong, 4-7’’ long, subeuneate, retuse ; peduncles exceeding the leaves: flowers violet, 20 or more, in a dense head-like raceme; calyx dark-pubescent, broad-cam- panulate, very gibbous at base, 3’ long, the rather obtuse broad teeth 3-4 times shorter; pod oblong, inflated, 7-10” long, glabrous, straight, pointed, chartaceous-coriaceous ; stipe 1’ long.—Colorado. 103. A. rLEXvOsUS, Dougl. Ashy-puberulent, ascending, 1° high; leaflets oblong- or cuneate-linear, obtuse or retuse ; peduncles exceeding the leaves; racemes mostly elongated, loose ; calyx hoary-pubes- cent, teeth 3 times shorter than the tube ; corolla white or purplish ; pod cylindric, 8-11’ long, 2” broad, puberulent, thinly coriaceous, pointed, straight or subineuryed, stipe very short but evident.—Nebraska to the Saskatchewan and Rocky Mts. 444 BOTANY. § 25. Popo-scLtrrocarrr. Pod thick-cartilaginous or coriaceous, exsertly stipitate, compressed or turgid, incurved ; sutures not intruded, sometimes thickened and separating from the valves. Perennial, branched, ashy-puberulent; stipules small, distinct. 104. A. scLeRocarpus, Gray. Very much branched, nearly canescent; leaflets 6-9-pairs, linear; racemes loose; flowers white; pod hoary-puberulent, very thick, lunate or nearly hamate, 1’ long, turgid, cuspidate, rugulose, the steut stipe 2-3 times longer than the calyx.—Washington Territory. 105. A. sprrrocarpus, Gray. Pod linear-lanceolate, flattened, spirally coiled. See page 74. 106. A. cyrrorpEs, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6.525. Softly pubescent; pod linear, terete, strongly curved or annular. See page 75. § 26. HOMALOBI. Pod vetch-shaped, flattened or less compressed, straight, margined by the nerve- like sutures, coriaceous or chartaceous, sometimes stipitate. Perennial, the leaves pinnate with many or few leaflets, or in some species simple. * Flowers in peduncled racemes or spikes ; pod many- (7-20-) ovuled. (a.) Stipules apparently all distinct; pod long-stipitate ; calyx-teeth 3-4 times shorter than the tube; caulescent, mostly over 1° high, pinnately leaved with many leaflets. 107. A. cottinvs, Doug]. Erect or diffuse, with a loose grayish pubescence ; leaves linear or oblong- linear, obtuse, attenuate at base; peduncles twice longer than the leaves; flowers reflexed, on suberect pedicels ; calyx oblong-eampanulate or cylindric, gibbous at base, white-pubescent, the teeth triangular- subulate ; corolla nearly white, scarcely twice exceeding the calyx, the banner somewhat longest; pod pubescent, linear-oblong, turgid, attenuate at base, 1’ long with the stipe.—Oregon and Washington Territory. 108. A. rinrprs, Torr. Pod 1’ long, flat, glabrous, reflexed. See page 75. 109. A. sreNopryLius, T. & G. Glabrous, erect; leaflets narrowly linear, 6-8” long; peduncles twice longer than the leaves; flowers 10-16, in an oblong raceme, spreading, purplish or white, the banner exceeding the keel; calyx campanulate, dark-pubescent, teeth rather broad, very obtuse ; ovary glabrous, scarcely equaling the stipe; pod unknown.—Montana, (Wyeth.) (b.) Stipules connate, at least the lower ones; pod more or less stipitate. Canlescent ; leaves pin- nate, with many leaflets; calyx-teeth half shorter than the tube. 110. A. MULTIFLORUS, Gray. Slender; stipules dark ; pod oblong, reflexed, exserted. See page 75. 111. A. BourGovir, Gray. Strigulose-pubescent; stems a span Ingh, ascending from a woody caudex ; stipules searious, nearly wholly connate ; leaflets 7-8 pairs, oblong or lanceolate, acute; pedun- cles much exceeding the leaves ; racemes short, 5-10-flowered; pedicels about equaling the dark-pubes- cent oblong-campanulate calyx-tube; calyx-teeth rather stout; corolla violet, 44-5’ long, the keel with an inflexed somewhat produced apex, equaling the wings, a little shorter than the banner; immature pod ovate-lanceolate, black- or cinereous-pubescent, rounded at base, on a very short included stipe.— Mature fruit unknown. Rocky Mts. of British America, (Bourgeau.) 112. A. Pariisert, Gray. Sparingly strigulose-pubescent, glabrate; stems about 1° high, ascending from a woody base, branched, slender, rather rigid; upper stipules herbaceous, distinct; leaflets 4-9 pairs, linear or lanceolate, 7-12” long, 1-14” wide, rather rigid, obtusish ; peduncles equaling the leaves ; raceme loosely 7-12-flowered; peduncles equaling the short-campanulate calyx; calyx-teeth not half as long as the tube; corolla whitish-purple, 43-5” long, curved, keel with a narrow inflexed tip and shorter than the wings; pod linear, 8-9” long, 1” wide, turgid, glabrous, straight, on a very short but manifest stipe—Rocky Mts. of British America, (Bourgean.) 113. A. porrectus, S. Watson. Stout; leaflets broad-oboyate ; pod oblong, gibbous dorsally, exsert, erect upon the spreading pedicel and stipe. See page 75. (c.) Stipules connate, or at least the lower ones; pod sessile. Caulescent. (1.) Calyx-teeth very slender, somewhat exceeding the tube. Low, from a woody caudex, pinnately leaved ; stipules all more or less connate. 114. A. paucirLorus, Hook. Dwarf, many-stemmed, cinereous-pubescent, matted-decumbent, with crowded leaves and rather large stipules; leaflets 3-5-pairs, oblong or lanceolate, acute ; peduncles about equaling the leaves, 2-5-flowered ; flowers approximate, racemose, spreading ; corolla violet, 44-5” long, the shortly incurved keel very obtuse, shorter than the wing and half as long as the reflexed banner ; pod linear-oblong, flattened, silky-puberulent, 4-5’ long.—Rocky Mts. of British America. 115. A. reGrerarius, S. Watson. Flowers 2-3” long; pod 2-3" long, ovate-oblong, straight. See page 76, and Plate XIII. 116. A. Miser, Dougl. Cinereous-puberulent ; stems diffuse, a span long, slender, loosely leaved ; stipules rather large, the upper connate to the middle; leaflets broad-linear or oblong, mostly obtuse ; APPENDIX. 445 peduncles much exceeding the leaves, loosely 5-12-flowered ; corolla and ealyx nearly as in A. pauciflorus ; young pod ovyate-oblong, canescent.—Washington Territory. (2.) Calyx-teeth short or about equaling the tube; upper stipules nearly distinct. Slender, rather rigid, branched, pinnately or by abortion somewhat simply leaved, the petioles sometimes naked; flowers in loose long-peduneled racemes, ochroleucous or purplish, the keel a little shorter than the banner. (2".) Pods linear or linear-oblong, about 1’ long ; stems slender. 117. A. camprstTrRis, Gray. Keel with a long inflexed beak; pod oblong-linear, puberulent. See page 76. 118. A. srrorinus, Gray. Cinereous-puberulent, glabrate ; stems ascending, 9-18! high ; leaflets 4--10 pairs, linear ; racemes virgate, 9-20-flowered ; calyx-teeth 3-4 times shorter than the tube; corolla pur- plish, about 4’ long, the inflexed tip of the keel short, somewhat narrow ; pod linear, nearly glabrous.— Washington Territory. 119. A. DECUMBENS, Gray. Cinereous- or silky-pubescent; stems diffuse or ascending, 6-10’ high; petioles sometimes somewhat flattened, mostly with 7-15 linear-lanceolate acute leaflets ; racemes 5-10- flowered; calyx-teeth attenuate, little shorter than the tube; corolla 4-44” long, ochroleucous or pur- plish, the keel with a short inflexed tip; pod broad-linear, straight or faleate, about 1 long, hoary- puberulent.—Rocky Mts. of Colorado and northward. 120. A. suNCEUS, Gray. Petioles frequently naked; flowers distant, the keel strongly incurved. See page 76. (2%.) Pod semi-ovate, }/ long; stems rather stout. 121. A. Patmert, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 398. Cinereous-puberulent, glabrate; stem over 1° high; stipules very short ; leaflets 8-13 pairs, oblong, 6-9” long; spikes long-peduncled, strict, 4-5’ long, rather loosely many-flowered ; bracts subulate, equaling the very short pedicels; calyx-teeth subulate, about equaling the campanulate tube ; half-shorter than the purple-blue (3 long) corolla; pods puberu- lent, flattened, erect on spreading pedicels, 5-7-seeded, 6’ long.—Resembling A. porrectus in habit. S. Arizona. (d.) Stipules scarious, connate; pod short, sessile, few-seeded. Acaulescent, caspitose, silky-canes- cent; leaves simple, lancevlate- or spatulate-linear, rarely some of them 3-5-foliolate ; scapes ex- ceeding the leaves, many-flowered; corolla purple or rose-color. 122. A. casprrosus, Gray. Scapes 2-6’ long; racemes spikelike ; calyx-teeth narrowed, about equal- ing the tube; keel very obtuse, much shorter than the banner; pod oblong or broad-lanceolate, 3-5! long, scarcely curved ; somewhat flattened.—W. Nebraska. * * Cushioned; flowers scarcely exserted from among the simple leaves; pod many-ovuled, some- what turgid, margined with rather strong sutures, 123. A. SIMPLICIFOLIUS, Gray. Leayes narrow, acute ; flowers few, purple; pod 4” long, oblong. See page 77, and Plate XII. * * * Canlescent, often depressed; flowers subsessile in the axils of the leaves; pods 3-4-ovuled, usually 1-seeded, ovate, sessile; leaves pinnate, with few leaflets. 124, A. Kenrropuyra, Gray. Leaflets linear-subulate, rigid, spinulose ; pod 3” long, ovate, com- pressed. Ses page 77. (B.) Leaves apparently palmately 3-foliolate. § 27. TRIPHYLLI. Pod conical-ovate, acuminate, not stipitate nor compressed, coriaceous, many- ovuled, somewhat included in the calyx, neither suture intruded. Perennial, cxespitose from a much-branched woody caudex, low, silvery-silky, with crowded leaves; stipules rather large, thinly searious, connate, imbricate upon the branches; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, very rarely 5-foliolate, the leaflets crowded. 125. A. rRIPHYLLUS, Pursh. Acaulescent, glossy silky; stipules hyaline, glabrous; primary leaves sometimes 5-foliolate with cuneate oblanceolate leaflets, the rest with 3 longer lanceolate leaflets, long- petioled, exceeding the sessile crowded flowers; calyx-teeth half-shorter than the cylindrical tube; corolla ochroleucous or white, 1/ long; pod villous, included.—Nebraska to the Saskatchewan. 126. A. TRIDACTYLICUS, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6. 527. With the habit and leaves of the last; stipules villous ; flowers 5’ long, pale-purple; calyx-teeth equaling the tube; pod globose-ovoid, 3-4! long, puberulent, 12-ovuled, 3-4-seeded ; calyx deciduous, exposing the pod.—Rocky Mts., Colorado. 127. A. sericoLeucus, Gray. Very broadly espitose, silky-hoary ; stems branched, prostrate, the branches covered with the villous stipules; leaves all 3-foliolate, not equaling the 2-6-flowered filiform peduncles; leaflets 3 long, oblanceolate or cuneate-oblong ; calyx-teeth about equaling the campanulate 446 BOTANY. tube; corolla purple, 3-4 long; pod ovate-oblong, 3’ long, hoary, half-included in the calyx.—Upper Nebraska to the Rocky Mts. Series HT. An anomalous species, the keel very sharply acuminate in the manner of Oxytropis, the pod with the dorsal suture alone inflexed, as in Astragalus proper. 128. A. NoTHONXYs, Gray. Diffuse from an annual root, cinereous-puberulent ; stems slender, 3-12’ long; stipules nearly free, distinct; leaflets 6-9 pairs, ovate-oblong or oblong, 3-6/' long, often retuse, glabrate above; peduncles 3-6/ long; raceme short, spikelike ; calyx-tecth subulate, shorter than the oblong tube ; corolla violet, 4/ long, the broad and short incurved apex of the keel abruptly contracted into a short very acute porrected cusp; pod broad-linear, 8-11’ long, faleate, pnberulent, thin-coriaceous, suleate dorsally and nearly 2-celled, the ventral suture rather prominent.—Arizona. Obscure species. A. DIAPHANUS, Dougl. Took. Fl. Bor.-Amet. 1.151. Prostrate and diffuse, pilose-seabrous; stipules small, ovate, acuminate ; leaflets 5-9 pairs, obovate ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; flowers in loose heads, purple, about 6 long; bracts minute, ovate, acuminate, rather shorter than the pedicels; pods scarcely 1/ long, linear, much flattened, faleate, somewhat reflexed, nearly glabrous, 2-celled, many-seeded, somewhat diaphanous.—Near the Great Falls of the Columbia, (Douglas.) A. potanis, Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 23.323. Glabrous or sparingly pubescent; stems shortly diffuse ; stipules connate ; leaflets 11-15, ovate or oblong, retuse or emarginate-bifid ; peduncles about equaling the leaf, 1-4-flowered ; calyx-teeth a little shorter than the tube; corolla about 3 times longer than the calyx, the keel shorter than the wings and banner; pod nearly sessile, erect, broadly linear-oblong, inflated, mem- branous, 1! long, 3-4 times exceeding the calyx, black-hairy, rounded at the ends, dorsal suture not in- truded.—Resembling A. alpinus. Eschscholtz Bay, (Seemann.) A. Gippsu, Kell. Trans. Calif. Acad. 2. 161, fig. 50. Canesceutly short-villous; stems 1-2° long; stipules slightly adnate, distinct; leaflets 8-10 pairs, obcordate, cuneate, petiolulate, }/ long, rarely as wide, the lowest approximate to the stem; peduncles exceeding the leaves, 8-10' long; bracts ovate, acute, equaling the pedicels ; flowers 1’ long, 15-20 in a short raceme, spreading, pale-purple; calyx-teeth broad, acute, 4 times shorter than the tubular-eampanulate gibbous densely white-pubescent tube ; keel with a short ineurved obtuse apex, shorter than the subyillous banner and wings; ovary linear-oblong, pubescent, stipitate, 6-7-ovuled, the ventral suture slightly inflexed ; stipe half the length of the calyx.— Headwaters of the Carson River, California, (Gibbs.) PuACA DEBILIS, Nutt. 7. § G., Fl 1.345. Somewhat pubescent, or glabrous below; stems slender, short, decumbent ; stipules slightly adnate, acuminate; leaflets 8-11 pairs, about 3” long, cuneate-oblong, somewhat truncate or emarginate at apex, petiolulate, minutely appressed-hirsute beneath; petioles rather long; peduncles exceeding the leaves; flowers 10-15, in close heads or short spikes, pale-purple, about 5 long; the banner deeply emarginate ; calyx grayish-pubescent, the subulate teeth about equaling the tube.—Pod unknown. “ Plains of the Rocky Mts., near streams,” (Nuttall.) PHACA PARVIFOLIA, Nutt. 7. dg) G., Fl 1. 348. Slender, canescent, subcespitose; stems very short ; lower stipules united, upper ones triangular-ensiform; petioles long; leaflets 5-8-pairs, very small, lanceolate-linear, mostly acute; rachis flattened and slightly winged; peduncles slender, exceeding the leaves ; flowers 5-7, purple, in a short raceme; calyx-tube short, black-pubescent, a little exceeding the acute teeth; pod pubescent, sessile, terete and somewhat boat-shaped, acute—Rocky Mts., toward the sources of the Platte, (Nuttall.) Dr. Gray conjectures that this may be a form of A. oroboides. A. VAGINATUS, Pall. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1.149. Erect, pubescent ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, acute ; peduncles longer than the leaves; flowers white and purple, in dense spikes, nodding; pods linear, straight.—Wooded country of subaretie America, (Richardson.) ‘ Referred by Planchon to Phaca austra- lis.’.—Said to be very similar in habit to 4. aboriginum. OXYTROPIS. (A.) Calyx becoming bladdery in fruit. § 1. CALYCOPHYSA. Fruiting calyx inflated, globose, including the ovate chartaceous-mem- branous pod, which is somewhat half-2-celled by the intrusion of the ventral suture. Matted- cwspitose, subacaulescent ; scapes 2-flowered. 1. O. MuLTicEers, Nutt. Canescently-silky, 1-3’ high; leaflets 3-4 pairs, about 3’ long; flowers purple, 6” long; pod short-stipitate—Rocky Mts. of Colorado and 8. Montana. (B.) Calyx unchanged. § 2. PHYSOCARPA. Pod inflated, membranous, the ventral suture only thickened within or in- truded. Acaulescent, the seape umbellately or capitately 2-6-flowered. APPENDIX. AAT 2. O. PopocaRPA, Gray. Depressed-cxespitose, the caudex much divided, white-villous, at length becoming glabrous; stipules long-adnate to the petiole; leaflets 5-11 pairs, crowded, linear-lanceolate or oblong-linear, 2-4” long; peduncles equaling the leaves, 2-flowered ; keel of the bluish (2) corolla short- mucronate; pod oblong-ovate, about 1’ long, thin-membranous, subglabrous, very sharply acuminate, on a slender stipe equaling the calyx.—Labrador, Arctic Regions, and in the Rocky Mts. in lat. 49°. § 3. CAMPESTRES. Pod coriaceous or chartaceous, not bladdery or but slightly so, sessile or sub- stipitate, septate from the ventral suture to the middle or almost completely, the dorsal suture rarely somewhat intruded. Acanlescent; stipules long-adnate ; flowers Spicate or capitate, usually many, rarely 2-4; pods erect. * Leaflets in pairs. (a.) Scapes 2-5-flowered. 3. O. UrAteNsis, L., Var. pumiia, Ledeb. Silky-villous; scapes 1-2' long; leaflets about 4 pairs, 3 long; flowers violet-blue, scarcely exceeding the calyx; pod oval-oblong or long-oblong, the ventral septum extending to the dorsal suture.—Arctic shores and islands, and in the Rocky Mountains to Col- orado. (b.) Spikes or heads many-flowered. 4. O. cAMPEsTRIS, L. Pod chartaceous, ovate or ovate-oblong, somewhat inflated; flowers yellowish, tinged with violet, rarely blue; leaflets in many pairs, oblong-lanceolate, not silky-canescent.—Arctic regions to Labrador, Maine, and in the Rocky Mts. to Colorado. See page 77. 5. O. LAMBERTI, Pursh. Pod coriaceous, sometimes nearly cartilaginous, erect, oblong- or elongated- cylindric, over 1’ long, 2-3 broad, nearly 2-celled ; seapes 6-12’ high; flowers 8-12” long, spicate, purple, violet, ochroleucous or white ; leaflets in many pairs, lanceolate, oblong, or linear, hoary-silky, as also the calyx; stipules mostly very hirsute or woolly—From the Saskatchewan to Texas and New Mexico, and west to the Rocky Mts. and Washington Territory. 6. O. NANA, Nutt. Czespitose, much-divided ; scapes 2-3/ high; leaves very-crowded, more hoary- silky; leaflets 3-4 pairs; flowers 9-12, capitate, rather large, blue; pod not known.—Rocky Mts. of N. Colorado, (Nuttall,) and Montana. * * Leaflets mostly somewhat verticillate. 7. O. SPLENDENS, Dougl. Silvery silky-villous, 6-12’ high; leaflets 3-6 together, usually 5-10” long; flowers erect-spreading, blue; pods ovate, erect—From Nebraska to Bear River in British America and west into the Rocky Mts. § 4. MONTANE. Pod thinly coriaceous, oblong or cylindrical-elongated, somewhat half-2-celled by the impression of the ventral suture, shortly stipitate or nearly sessile. Caulescent or subacaules- cent, with scapelike peduncles; upper stipules at least adnate, but only at base; leaflets crowded ; flowers bright-blue, spicate or capitate, rather small with a short calyx-tube, spreading ; pods usually spreading or deflexed. 5 8. O. DEFLEXA, DC. From the Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mts. and N. Colorado. HORKELIA. With the following genus Jvesia, as arranged by Dr. Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad., Vol. VI, pp. 528-532, (1866,) but with the addition of several more recent species. * Leaflets somewhat rounded, or cuneate, dentate and incised. (a.) The accessory calyx-segments equaling the true ones or nearly conformed to them; eymes with subleafy bracts, the alar flowers upon longer pedicels, 1. H. Carrrornica, Ch. & Sch. Villous-pubescent or sometimes silky, somewhat viscid aboye, 4-2° high ; stipules incised or mostly entire; calyx-lobes large, triangular-lanceolate, the accessory ones ovate-oblong, or sometimes lanceolate-oyate, occasionally bifid or toothed at the apex ; petals oblong or oboyate-oblong, shorter than or equaling the calyx.—California. (b.) Accessory lobes much smaller than the true ones. 2. H. parvirtora, Nutt. Tomentose; stem leafy; upper leaflets cuneiform; flowers small, petals spatulate. See page 89. 3. H. caprrata, Lindl. Somewhat glabrous, the stem viscid-pubescent toward the top; upper leaf- 448 BOTANY. lets oblong and attenuate at base; stipules entire or 3-parted ; flowers in dense heads, shorter than the laciniate bracts; aecessory lobes lanceolate-subulate, shorter than the broadly-cuneiform petals.— Oregon. 4. H. BoLanpent, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 338. Low, ewspitose (?) or prostrate from a woody- tufted caudex; leaves villous-hoary with a soft dense pubescence; leaflets palmately 3-5-cleft; stipules narrow-linear, entire ; flowering stems 3-5 long ; cymes small, dense; calyx deeply 5-cleft, the accessory lobes oblong, about half-shorter than the broader true ones; petals obovate, scarcely unguiculate ; fila- ments lanceolate —Clear Lake, California, (Bolander.) * * Leaflets narrow, lobed or deeply incised, the lobes or segments linear; stipules laciniate or pee- tinate ; accessory calyx-lobes linear or subulate; cymes at length perfect, many-flowered. 5, HL. ruses, Lindl, Subviscid-pubescent, 2-3° high; leaves at length glabrate; leaflets cuneate-ob- long, incised; accessory lobes linear, much shorter and smaller than the triangular-lanceolate trne ones; petals narrowly cuneate, obcordate.—Oregon, (Douglas. ) 6. 1. conGesta, Hook. Villous-bearded, nearly glabrous above, 1-2° high; leaflets narrow ; cune- ate, incised chiefly at apex: accessory lobes lanceolate, much shorter and smaller than the triangular true ones; petals broadly obovate or rounded, with a narrow claw.—S. Oregon ; N. California. 7. Hi. renviLopa, Gray. Villous-canescent ; leaflets 3-4” long, cuneate in outline, deeply palmately 4-8-parted, the middle sinus often the deepest, the lobes linear; accessory calyx-segments linear, about equaling the lanceolate true ones; petals 3” long, narrowly oblong-spatulate, not unguiculate, emargi- nate ; filaments lanceolate.—St. Rosa Creek, California. IVESIA. * Flowers yellow, crowded at the top of the scape; stamens 5-10; leaves mostly radical. 1. I. Gorpont, T. & G. Mostly viscid-pubescent, 3-8! high; calyx turbinate; stamens 5; receptacle long-villous. See page 90. 2. I. rycopoprorpes, Gray. Dwarf, 14-3’ high, nearly glabrous; leaves 1’ long, cespitose-crowded upon the thick caudex, the quasi-verticillate pinne densely crowded, the very small leaflets 5-7-divided, the obovate-ronnded segments rather thick, imbricated around the rachis; scape capitately 3-5-flow- ered; stamens 5,(sometimes 10-15;) receptacle long-villous, (but less so, and calyx more shallow ;) carpels 5-10.—Mt. Dana and Bear Mt., California; alpine. 3. I. pyGmaa, Gray. With the habit of the last, but minutely glandular; leaflets less crowded, the oblong segments bristle-tipped ; bracts and calyx sparingly hirsute; stamens 10; receptacle short-hairy in the shallow calyx; carpels 7-15.—Sierras of California; alpine. * * Flowers white, with 15-20 stamens; stems slender, more leafy ; cymes panicled; leaves white- woolly or glabrous, often terete with the imbricated leaflets ; filaments very slender. 4. I. Pickertnau, Torr. White-woolly, 1° high ; leaves at first terete, the leaflets at length slightly spreading, 3-5-parted or cut, the segments oblong; pedicels shorter than the calyx, which is obconic- sampanulate in fruit; accessory calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate ; stamens 20, in 3 rows; anthers mucron- wate; carpels 4-6.—California or Oregon, (Wilkes. ) 5. I. Kineu, 8. Watson, Resembling the last; glabrous and glaucous, excepting the subpubescent calyx and elongated pedicels. See page 91. 6. I. SANTOLINOIDES, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6.531, and 7, 339. A span to 18’ high, white-woolly ; leaves terete, the very small 3-5-parted leaflets very closely imbricated upon the rachis, the segments oval, obtuse; eyme at length effuse, very much branched, the branchlets and pedicels (3-6' long) capil- lary; calyx-tube cup-shaped, twice longer than its lobes, the accessory segments small, ovate ; flowers small, searcely 3’ broad, the petals orbicular, sessile ; stamens 15, one before each true calyx-lobe and two before each petal; filaments capillary, equaling the calyx; anthers didymous, not apiculate ; carpel solitary upon the very woolly receptacle, subreniform-globose, utricular, filling the connivent fruiting calyx.—Sierras of California. * * * Somewhat anomalous and diverse species. 7. I. unauicutata, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7.339. Loosely villous, about 1° high; leaflets very numerous, 2-3” long, quasi-verticillate, lax, mostly twice-2-parted, the segments linear; stipules spar- ingly laciniate or entire; flowers clustered in short-peduncled cymes, the pedicels very short; calyx 3! long, deeply cleft, the accessory lobes linear, nearly equaling the very acute triangular-lanceolate true ones; petals 2” long, broad-cuneate with long slender claws; stamens about 15, the filaments filiform- subulate ; carpels 5-8; receptacle sparingly villous.—Yosemite Valley. 8. I. rripentTata, Gray. Proc. Amer, Acad. 7. 338. (Horkelia, Torr.) Very softly villous ; stems APPENDIX. 449 about 1° high, spreading or erect, slender, naked at top; younger leaves silvery-silky, the older subgla- brate; leaflets 5-11, somewhat scattered, oblong-cuneate, mostly 3-toothed at the apex; stipules spar- ingly laciniate or subentire; cymes peduncled, crowded, the developed pedicel equaling the flower; accessory lobes of the campanulate calyx linear, equaling the tube, shorter than the very acute true ones ; petals white, shortly clawed ; stamens 10; carpels 5-10; receptacle villous.—Sierras. 9. I. Barteys, 8. Watson. Viscidly-pubescent; leaflets 3-10 pairs, broadly cuneate-ovate, 3-7-toothed or parted ; flowers yellow, in an open panicle; stamens 5; carpels 1-5. See page 90. LITHOPHRAGMA. As revised by Dr. Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad., Vol. VI, p. 533, (1865.) Referred by Bentham & Hooker to Tellima as a section, which genus includes the additional species 7. grandiflora, Doug]. * Lamina of the petals 3-7-parted, the segments narrow; leaves all parted or the lowest lobed ; the root and sometimes the stem bearing bulblets. 1. L. Grapra, Nutt. Small, glabrous; raceme and axils of the leaves often bulbiferous ; pedicels exceeding the puberulent campanulate calyx; ovary adnate to the calyx only at base; seeds muricu- late-—Oregon, N. California, and Colorado. 2. L. TENELLA, Nutt. Low, glandular-hirsute; petals 2” long, irregularly 5-7-cleft. See page 95. 3. L. paRVIFLORA, Nutt. Larger, scabrous, calyx glandular; petals much exserted, 5-cleft. See page 94, * * Lamina of the petals dilated, 3-lobed, rarely entire; radical leaves reniform-rounded, somewhat undivided or crenate-lobed, the upper 3-5-cleft or parted; bulblets none; flowers rather large. 4. L. arrints, Gray. Scabrous-roughened, 1-14° high; flowers moderately pedicelled ; tube of the very densely glandular-roughish calyx turbinate, adherent to the ovary nearly to its apex; styles gran- lose; petals very much dilated, 4-6’ long, 3-lobed at the apex, the middle lobe occasionally laciniate- toothed ; seeds smooth.—California. 5. L. HETEROPHYLLA, Gray. About 1° high; pedicels very short; calyx broad-campanulate, less roughened, in fruit quasi-truncate at base; ovary free; styles glabrous; petals 3-lobed ; seeds muricu- late.—Calirornia. 6. L. BoLanpERI, Gray. Larger, 1-2° high, hirsutish-scabrous ; leaves often ,1-2' broad; racemes elongated, many-flowered; pedicels very short or half-shorter than the broad-campanulate calyx, which in fruit is abrupt at base ; ovary nearly free; petals white, 3-4” long, usually entire, sometimes slightly 3-lobed or with a tooth on each side; styles very short and glabrous; seeds muriculate-scabrous.— California. 7. L. Cympararra, T. & G. Slender, glabrous; stem scape-like, 6-14’ high, 4~7-flowered; leaves 4-8’ broad, the cauline a single pair or nearly obsolete ; calyx campanulate, acute at base, shorter than the pedicels; ovary adherent at base; petals 3-4’’ long, spatulate or oblong, entire ; seeds muriculate- scabrous.—S. California. ANTIRRHINUM. As arranged by Dr. Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad., Vol. VII, pp. 372-377, (1867.) § 1. ORONTIUM, Benth. Annual erect herbs; leaves entire, the lowest opposite ; capsule ovoid or globose, unequal ; seeds compressed, smooth and carinate on the back, eyathiferous on the inner face. 1. A. cyaTuireruM, Benth. Leaves petioled, ovate or broad-lanceolate ; flowers 4” long, in nearly all the axils.—Lower California. 2. A. CONFERTIFLORUM, Benth. Viscid-pubescent, branched at hase, rigid, 6’ high ; leaves subses- sile, linear or lanceolate, the floral ones 1-2’ long, the lower shorter and broader; flowers 7-8” long, sub- sessile, crowded in a leafy spike; calyx-segments shorter than the broad corolla-tube; limb of corolla ample ; seeds black.—California, (Coulter.) Dr. Gray thinks it probably Mohavea viscida. 57 450 BOTANY. § 2. Seroruinum, Gray. Palate prominently protruded, not closing the throat or scarcely ; fila- ments more or less dilated at top; capsule unequal; seeds as in Antirrhinastrum, Annual herbs mostly with alternate leaves, strict, or diffuse and bearing filiform often twining branchlets; pedi- cels short or none; flowers nearly always small. Californian, excepting 4. Aingit. * Stems erect, strict, simple or simply branched at base, with axillary flowers from the base to the top, without branchlets; leayes oblong-linear, obtuse, somewhat petioled, similar, mostly exceed- ing the small nearly sessile flowers; calyx subequal, segments linear; capsule beaked by the rigid subulate style. 3. A. cornutuM, Benth. Viscid-villous, subglandulose, about 1° high, branched at base; corolla- tube longer than the calyx and its lips, the sac prominent and scrotiform ; filaments all obliquely obo- vate-dilated above; style a little longer than the capsule; seeds echinulate-favose.—Sacramento Valley, (1888 Hartweg.) 4 4, A. LEPTALEUM, Gray. Viscid-villous, scarcely at all glandular; stem 14° high, very simple or sparingly branched at base; corolla apparently white, the tube 24” long, scarcely exceeding the calyx, about equaling the lips, upper lip deeply bifid, the nearly equal lobes obovate, slightly erose-crenulate ; sac narrow, scrotiform; the longer filaments obliquely obovate-dilated aboye, the shorter scarcely dilated; style about equaling the capsule; seeds rugose-pitted. * * Flowers more densely spicate, exceeding the diminished floral leaves; leaves narrow, mostly sessile; stems erect, branched, with twining branchlets in A. Coullerianum. 5. A. Vinca, Gray. Glabrous; stem very simple, strict, over 2° high; cauline leayes very narrowly linear, suberect, the floral ones small, subulate-setaceous, equaling the calyx ; racemes spike-like, virgate, densely flowered, about 1’ long; flowers secund, at length horizontal; corolla }/ long, the cylindric tube twice longer than the lips and the scarcely unequal ovate-lanceolate to subulate calyx- segments, sac mammeeform, palate bearded, lobes very short; filaments viscid-hirsute, the longer ones especially with the dilated apex broader than the anthers.—191 Bridges. 6. A. GLANDULOSUM, Lindl. Tall, very viscid throughout with glandular hairs, widely branched; leaves lanceolate, the floral ones little shorter than the flower; racemes spike-like; corolla rose-colored, over 6” long, the broad tube a little longer than the equal lips and the unequal broad-lanceolate calyx- segments ; filaments alike, slightly dilated upward ; style long; seeds fimbrillate-pitted. 7. A. COULTERIANUM, Benth. Stem slender, 2-4° high, glabrous, erect or climbing; leaves glabrous, linear or the lower oblong, subpetioled, the floral ones minute ; raceme spike-like, crowded, viscid-pilose, usually glandular; corolla-tube a little exceeding the calyx-segments, sac large and mammeform, the lower lip very large, twice longer than the tube, the upper small, very spreading, bifid; filaments dilated upward ; style persistent, half shorter than the capsule ; seeds pitted.—S, California. fend Flowers scattered along the diffuse branches, and usually with filiform sometimes twisted and prehensile branchlets from the same axils; leaflets petioled, mostly exceeding the flowers; calyx unequal, the upper sepal larger. (a.) Peduncles longer than the calyx; filaments gradually dilated upward. 8. A. Nurrattranum, Benth. Viscid-pubescent; leaves ovate or the lowest subcordate, the upper floral ones shorter than the flower; calyx-segments subovate, the upper nearly nerveless, moderately larger than tho rest, little shorter than the tube of the violet (4-5 long) corolla; lips longer than the tube, the upper suberect, emarginate-2-lobed, equaling the palate; seeds longitudinally undulate-cos- tate.—8. California. (b.) Peduncles shorter than the calyx; filaments obliquely spatulate-dilated above; calyx hirsute with long loose hairs. 9, A. Brewert, Gray. Finely viscid-pubescent ; branches very slender; leaves ovate- or oblong- lanceolate, obtusish, the upper retuse, the highest shorter than the flower, (in Var. OVALIFOLIUM oval, retuse, the upper emarginate, on the branches small and rounded ;) calyx-segments linear or linear- lanceolate, (or oblong,) the upper slightly broader, sub-l-nerved, a little shorter than the corolla-tube; corolla 5-6” long, pale-violet, upper lip small, nearly 2-parted, the lobes oblong, divergent; seeds irreg- ularly tubereulate.—N. California. 10, A. VAGANS, Gray. Hirsute with spreading rather rigid sometimes glandular hairs, or glabrate ; leaves lanceolate or oblong, sometimes linear or rounded on the branches; calyx-segments very unequal, the upper narrow- or broad-oblong, (sometimes broad-oval,) very obtuse, 3-5-nerved, equaling the corolla- tube, the rest linear; corolla 6-8” long, purple (?), sac ample, upper lip 2-lobed, equaling the palate ; seeds irregularly tuberculate. See page 216, and Plate XXI. 11. A. Kinen, 8. Watson. Flowers and fruit half as large; capsule nearly globose, tipped with the short straight style. See page 215, and Plate XXI. APPENDIX. 451 § 3. MAURANDELLA, Gray. Corolla with the prominent palate scarcely or not at all closing the throat; filaments seareely dilated upward; capsule nearly equal; seeds nearly as in Antirrhinas- trum. Herbs, usually climbing by flexuous or tendril-like peduncles or petioles; leaves mostly alternate, * Annnals, climbing by the elongated peduncles only or erect, pilose at base, otherwise glabrous ; leaves entire, with short straight petioles or none. 12. A. strictuM, Gray. Stem erect, 1-2° high; leaves lanceolate, 11-24 long, the floral ones linear ; peduneles 2’ long, filiform, flexuous, scattered racemose ; corolla violet, }/ long, the palate hairy ; capsule ovoid-globose, crustaceous, tipped with the long rigid style, a little exceeding the broad-lanceolate calyx-segments; seeds rugose-muricate.—S. California. 13. A. riuipEs, Gray. Slender, diffuse ; leaves lanceolate, or the lowest obovate, repand, attenuate into the petiole ; peduncles capillary, very long, cirrhose-twisted ; flowers very small, “ white 7” capsule globose.—Colorado Desert, (Newberry.) 14. A. Cooprnrt, Gray. Slender, very much branched, climbing, 3-4° high; leaves linear or linear- lanceolate, attenuate into a short petiole; peduncles 2-3’ long, capillary, coiled, the upper racemose along the filiform naked branches; corolla yellow, 6” long, the ample palate hairy, somewhat closing the throat; capsule globose; seeds muriculate on the ventral side, and with 3-4 thick subcorky ridges on the back.—Ft. Mohave, (Cooper.) * * Perennial, climbing by prehensile petioles and peduncles ; leaves cordate-hastate, angled. 15. A. MAURANDIOIDES, Gray. Texas, Arizona, and Mexico. § 4. GAMBELIA, Gray. Corolla tubular, slightly gibbous at base, the rather prominent palate not closing the throat, lips short, the upper erect and bifid, the lower with three spreading lobes; fila- ments scarcely dilated above; capsule equal. Shrubs or undershrubs of Southern California, erect: leaves opposite or ternate-verticillate, often subalternate, entire, the uppermost reduced ; peduncles axillary, rather long. 16. A. sPEGIOsUM, Gray. Leaves oval or oblong, 1/ long or Jess, short-petioled ; corolla nearly 1’ long, reddish or scarlet, the narrow tube thrice the length of the lips.—Catalina Island. 17, A. JUNCEUM, Gray. Flowers and leaves smaller, the uppermost reduced to minute scales, PENTSTEMON. The following synopsis is condensed, with little change, from that of Dr. Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad., Vol. VI, pp. 56-76, (1862.) Mexican species are omitted. Sect. I. EUPENTSTEMON, Gray. Anther-cells becoming divaricate or divergent, dehiscent to the base, (scarcely so in P. baccharifolius,) more or less united at the summits. §§ 1-6. § 1. ERIANTHERA, Benth. Shrubby or suffruticose, much branched ; leaves thick-coriaceous, rather small; inflorescence strictly racemose; corolla violet or purple, slightly bilabiate, throat dilated; anthers densely woolly, the cells opening to the top and becoming peltate——N. W. America. 1. P. Menzresu, Hook. Very variable; leaves obovate-oblong to long-lanceolate, serrate or entire ; calyx-lobes from ovate to narrowly lanceolate-acuminate; sterile filament strongly bearded or almost naked. See page 216. § 2. FRUTICOSI, Gray. Shrubby or suffruticose, tall, branched, branchlets often herbaceous; leaves coriaceous, rather small, subpetioled ; flowers numerous, panicled, bilabiate, the upper lip more or less arched, the lower deflexed or spreading; anthers glabrous, dehiscent to the top and expand- ing.—Mostly Californian. * Corolla short, deeply bilabiate, ringent, yellowish, the lips equaling or a little exceeding the tube ; leaves narrowed at base. 2. P. MICROPHYLLUS, Gray. Pubertilent; the fascicled leaves 2” long.—Arizona; little known. 3. P. ANTIRRHINOWES, Benth. Subcinereous, almost glabrous, much branched, leaves spatulate- lanceolate or oblong, entire ; peduncles 2-leaved, usually 1-flowered ; sepals round-ovate; corolla yellow, naked, lips ample ; sterile filament densely bearded. 4. P. BREVIrLoRUs, Benth. Glabrous; leayes serrulate ; corolla bearded ; sterile filament glabrous, See page 217. 452 BOTANY. * * Corolla long-cylindrie, mostly scarlet, lobes short, the upper erect, subincurved, the lower spread- ing, 3-parted. 5. P. rernarus, Torr. Shrubby, glabrous; leaves linear-lanceolate, verticillate in threes, denticu- late; sepals lance-ovate; corolla 1’ long; sterile filament strongly bearded throughout. 6. P. corymBosvs, Benth. Decumbent; leaves oblong, narrow at base, obtuse, subentire, pubes- cent; cyme corymbose ; sepals linear-lanceolate ; sterile filament glabrous or sparingly bearded. 7. P. corpirotius, Benth. Sarmentose or climbing, pruinose-puberulent or glabrate ; leaves ovate and obtuse at base or subcordate, often denticulate or dentate ; sepals ovate-lanceolate ; corolla over L’ long; sterile filament densely bearded. §3. AMBIGUI, Gray. Subshrubby; leaves coriaceous; inflorescence panicled ; corolla scarlet, di- lated above, lips short, the upper suberect, the lower 3-parted, reflexed ; anthers glabrous, reniform, cells not dehiscing to the base and not expanding. 8. P. BaccHarirouius, Hook. W. Tex § 4. ELMIGERA, Reich. Herbaceous, mostly glabrous; leaves entire, the cauline sessile, lanceolate or linear; flowers scarlet, in loose virgate panicles, tubular; anthers glabrous; cells not dehiscent to the apex and not expanding ; sterile filament naked. 9. P. BarBatus, Nutt. Tall; flowers numerous, strongly bilabiate, lower lip deflexed and usually bearded; anther-cells widely divaricate—Mexico. Var. Torrryi, Gray. Throat of the corolla less bearded or naked, the lips (especially the upper) a little longer.—Colorado to New Mexico. §5. SPECIOSI, Gray. Herbs, glabrous, (except P. Frémontii ;) leaves entire, the cauline sessile ; flowers blue to purple or violet, in a thyrsoid panicle, broad ventricose above, slightly 2-lipped with equally spreading rounded lobes; anthers hairy or glabrous, the divaricate cells not dehiscent to the apex and not expanding. 10. P. GuaBer, Pursh. Leayes glaucous, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate ; sepals broad-ovate, blunt or more or less acuminate, the margin submembranous; sterile filament bearded or glabrous. See page 217. 11. P. cyanantruus, Hook. Leaves cordate, ovate, acuminate; thyrse short and dense. See page 217. 12. P. srricrus, Benth. Subglaucous, virgate and slender; leaves long-linear; panicle narrow with much smaller flowers ; sepals short, obtuse ; anthers very hairy—Wyoming ; little known. 13. P. Fremont, T. & G. Prninose-puberulent; lower leaves spatulate, the cauline sessile, lance- olate; panicle naked, spicate; sepals oblong-oyate, acute, membranous-margined ; corolla narrow-funnel- form ; anthers and sterile filament sparingly bearded. See page 218. § 6. GENUINI, Gray. Herbaceous; corolla only moderately or scarcely bilabiate, the lips or lobes usually spreading; anthers glabrous or the valves only ciliate, the cells dehiscent the whole length and usually expanding. Glabrous and glaucous, (P. cvruleus excepted;) leaves entire, coriaceous, the cauline sessile or clasping; inflorescence thyrsoid, virgate, the peduncles mostly very short, 3-several-flowered ; corolla dilated above, scarcely bilabiate, with flat spreading lobes. (a.) Flowers blue, not 1’ long; sterile filament usually dilated above, yellow-bearded. 14. P. cHrureus, Nutt. Very low, usually puberulent above; leaves linear-lanceolate; sepals lance- olate, acuminate, margins commonly ciliolate and membranous. See page 218. 15. P. acuminatus, Doug]. 12° high or less; cauline leaves lanceolate to subcordate, rigid ; thyrse elongated ; corolla 6-10" long; sepals ovate or lanceolate ; capsule very sharply acuminate. See page 218. 16. P. secunpirLorvus, Benth. 1° high or less; cauline leaves narrowly lanceolate ; cymes more loose and flowers secund.—Rocky Mts. Referred by Dr. Gray to the last species, but now regarded as probably distinct. (b.) Corolla 14! long; upper leaves especially rounded and elasping or perfoliate ; cymelets 2-5-flow- ered with no common peduncle; sepals not acuminate; sterile filament with the hooked apex slightly dilated. 17. P. GranpirLorus, Nutt. 3° high; leaves distinet; pedicels short; corolla blue, abruptly in- flated ; sterile filament scarcely bearded.— Wisconsin to Kansas. 18. P. Murrayanus, Hook. 2-3° high; upper and floral leaves connately orbicular ; pedicels slen- der; corolla red, gradually dilated ; sterile filament glabrous.—E. Texas; Arkansas. (c.) Corolla about 1’ long, red or scarlet ; leaves below oblong, above subovate or lanceolate, clasp- ing; usually tall. APPENDIX. 453 19. P. CENTRANTHIFOLIUS, Benth. Sepals broad-ovate ; corolla crimson, tubular, scarcely dilated, with a short equal limb; sterile filament glabrous. See page 219. 20. P. puNICEUS, Gray. Cymelets rather dense; sepals ovate or oblong; corolla bright scarlet, 1/ long or less, tubular, the throat slightly dilated, lobes broad, rounded, subequal; sterile filament bearded at top.—Arizona and Sonora. 21. P. Wricutu, Hook. Panicle loosely virgate, cymelets few-flowered ; sepals oblong, the tips spreading ; corolla less than 1’ long, bright rose-red, ventricose above, with broad rounded wide-spread lobes; sterile filament densely long-bearded.—W. Texas, Arizona. * * Glabrous, subglaucous, tall; leaves crowded, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, coriaceous, the upper connate ; panicle loose, elongated, cymelets 3-9-flowered and peduncled ; corolla 1/ lone, blue-pur- ple, inflated aboye, bilabiate with very broad and spreading lobes; sterile filament glabrous. 22. P. specTaBiuis, Thurb. W. Texas to California. * * * Glabrous or nearly so; leaves pinnately parted with narrow-linear segments ; panicle loose corolla purple, not 1’ long, dilated above, lobes subequal; sterile filament bearded at top. 23. P. pissectus, Ell. Georgia. ; * * * * Glabrous or pruinose- or viscid-puberwlent ; leaves filiform-subulate, linear or linear-spatu- late, entire; flowers in a simple raceme or loose virgate panicle. (a.) Inflorescence strictly racemose ; corolla searcely bilabiate. (1.) Leaves almost filiform, glabrous. 24. P. LAricrrotius, H. & A. 6/ high, cxespitose ; leaves crowded at base; flowering stems slender, simple; raceme 4-8-flowered ; corolla 4/ long, purple, tube dilated above; sterile filament bearded.— 8. Idaho. 25. P. ambicuus, Torr. 1-2° high, woody at base, paniculately branched ; lower leaves linear, nar- rowed at base; racemes loose; corolla 5-8” long, purplish-white, the limb broad and spreading, the tube but little dilated and bearded in the throat; sterile filament glabrous, at times antheriferous.—Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona. (2.) Leaves linear-lanceolate or linear-spatulate, puberulent or pruinose-pubescent ; stems woody at pase. 26. P. GarrpNeERI, Hook. Much branched at base, a span high; pedicels short, somewhat opposite ; sepals glandular-viscid ; corolla 4’ long; sterile filament bearded—Washington Territory. 27. P. DASYPHYLLUS, Gray. Stem subsimple; raceme loosely few-flowered, the pedicels alternate ; corolla purplish-blue, nearly 14/ long; sterile filament glabrous.—Arizona and New Mexico. (b.) Peduncles mostly 2-5-flowered, forming a racemose or virgate panicle; sepals ovate ; stems erect, usually simple. (1.) Stems 2-3° high; peduncles opposite, elongated, 2-5-flowered, in a rather loose panicle ; corolla blue, (or purple,) 14’ long, dilated above. 28. P. sTENOPHYLLUS, Gray. Glabrous; leaves linear, the lower ones 3-4’ long; sterile filament glabrous.—Mexico, Arizona. (2.) Stems 4-14° high, usually very minutely pruinose-pubernlent ; peduncles and pedicels short ; corolla purple, short-bilabiate, over 4’ long, much dilated above. 29, P. yirGarus, Gray. Very simple at base; leaves 14-4’ long, linear or linear-lanceolate ; pedun- cles mostly opposite in a very narrow elongated panicle ; sterile filament glabrous.—New Mexico. 30. P. LINARIOIDES, Gray. Many-stemmed from a woody base, very leafy; leaves 1’ long or less, spatulate-linear to subulate ; peduncles alternate ; panicle narrow, subsecund; palate and sterile fila- ment bearded.—New Mexico and Arizona. (c.) Flowers axillary upon the cespitose-depressed branches, which are leafy to the summit. 31. P. cassrirosus, Nutt. Flowers seeund, 6-9’ long. See page 219. * * * * * Pruinose- or viscid-pubescent, or with serrate leaves, or with an interrupted panicle of densely-flowered cymelets; inflorescence usually thyrsoid ; corolla never red or scarlet. . (a.) Sterile filament longitudinally yellow-bearded; corolla campanulate or broad funnelform above, slightly bilabiate. (1.) Leaves lanceolate, subentire, the upper ones at least and the flowers viscid-pubescent; panicle strict, with short appressed peduncles. 32. P. puminus, Nutt. Dwarf, few-flowered, the cauline leaves a little narrowed at base; corolla somewhat glabrous.—S. Idaho. 454 BOTANY. 33. P. atsrpus, Nutt. 1° high; leaves often oblong- or ovate-lanceolate ; the spicate panicle sub- verticillately interrupted ; sepals lanceolate, very viscid-pubescent; corolla }’ long, purplish-white, mod- erately dilated, the limb beardless; beard of the sterile filament rather short, subinterrupted.—Upper Missouri to W. Texas. 34. P. crisratus, Nutt. Sepals attenuate, very hirsute; corolla I’ long, violet, broadly dilated, the lower lip and sterile filament long-bearded. See page 219. 35. P. Jamesu, Benth. 4/-1° high, puberulent; leaves linear-lanceolate, often denticulate, rigid ; eymelets 3-4-flowered in a spicate panicle; sepals viscid-puberulent; corolla 1’ long or more, pale purple, abruptly campanulate aboye, the lip and sterile filament less bearded.—Colorado to New Mexico and Texas. (2.) Leaves broader, usually serrate, the cauline mostly clasping; panicle usually naked, loose- flowered. ¢ 36. P. Copaa, Nutt. 1-2° high, viscid-puberulent; leaves ovate or oblong, sharply serrate or den- ticulate; the few-flowered panicle and oblong scarcely acute sepals viscid-pubescent ; corolla 2/ long, purplish-white, abruptly campanulate above, glabrous within; sterile filament bearded.—Kansas to Texas. 37. P. Patment, Gray. 2-5° high, glaucous; leaves oyate or oblong-lanceolate, sharply toothed ; panicle glandular-puberulent; sepals ovate, smoothish ; corolla 14’ long, very broad campanulate above ; sterile filament densely bearded. See page 220. 38. P. pigrrauis, Nutt. 3-5° high, usually glabrous except the viscid flowers; leaves 3-6’ long, lanceolate or the upper ovate-lanceolate, serrulate; corolla white, over 1’ long, dilated above the narrow tube, the lobes short; sterile filament sparingly bearded.—Georgia and Florida. 39. P. rupirtorus, Nutt. Slender; corolla tubular-funnelform ; filament less bearded.—Arkansas, (b.) Sterile filament longitudinally yellow-bearded, at least along the dilated apex ; corolla less di- lated, (except P. glaucus,) more evidently bilabiate ; inflorescence not in crowded clusters.—East of the Sierras. (1.) Many-flowered ; the naked panicle thyrsoid or racemose, the peduncles usually 3-several-flow- ered; leaves sharply serrulate or subentire, the upper bract-like; upper lip commonly slightly shorter. 40. P. pubescens, Soland. 1-3° high, viscid-pubescent or nearly glabrous ; leaves lanceolate ; co- rolla purplish-white, a little dilated above, slightly obcompressed, with two folds under the lower lip, the throat somewhat closed; sterile filament densely long-bearded.—From Canada and the Saskatchewan to Florida and Texas. 41. P. numits, Nutt. Low and subelabrous; thyrse more strict; corolla deep-blue, } long; throat dilated and without folds. See page 220. 42. P. Guaucus, Grah. Glabrous, except the viscid-pubescent inflorescence ; corolla 1’ long, ventri- cose above the base, without folds. See page 221. 43. P. Hari, Gray. Dwarf; stems numerous; glabrous except the very minutely glandular inflo- rescence; leaves entire, linear-spatulate or linear; raceme simple, 4-10-flowered, with short pedicels; sepals ovate or oblong with scarious and often erose margins; corolla deep-blue, about 1’ long, ventri- cose-campanulate above the short base, the lips short; sterile filament short-bearded.—Colorado. (2.) 2-3-flowered ; stems leafy to the summit; peduncles 1-flowered. 44. P. Harnourt, Gray. Dwarf; stems many, pruivose-puberulent ; leaves entire, ovate or oblong, obtuse ; sepals viscid-pubescent, not scarious; corolla 7-9" long, purple, the tube slightly dilated, throat and sterile filament bearded.—Colorado. (c.) Sterile filament bearded at the top; corolla bilabiate, the tube scarcely or not at all dilated ; panicle interrupted, the cymelets crowded ; flowers 5-8”, rarely 9-11” long. (1.) Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, usually sharply dentate, the upper subcordate at base, clasp- ing; sepals scarcely scarious on the margins ; flowers less crowded. 45. P. ovatus, Dougl. Puberulent; leaves broad; sepals ovate or broad-lanceolate-—Oregon to British Columbia. 46. P. prurnosus, Dougl. Pubescent; leaves cxsious; the often subverticillate inflorescence and lanceolate acuminate sepals viscid-villous.—Oregon. (2.) Leaves glabrous, usually entire, lanceolate or oblong; sepals scarious, at least on the margins ; palate usually bearded; the spike-like thyrse subverticillately interrupted. 47. P. arTeNuATUs, Lindl. 142° high, leaves rarely few-toothed ; inflorescence villous or viscid- pubescent ; cymes mostly short-peduncled ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, narrowly scarious; corolla over 3/ long.—N. Idaho. : APPENDIX. 455 e 48. P. conrertus, Dougl. 414° high, glabrous, strict ; flowers densely clustered, the upper cymes nearly sessile; sepals broad-lanceolate or ovate, broad-searious; corolla narrow, 5-6! long. See page 221. (d.) Sterile filament (usually) glabrous. (1.) Leaves serrate; panicle strict; flowers numerous, crowded ; corolla slightly bilabiate. 49. P. Drustus, Dougl. Glabrous; leaves often serrate, oblong or lanceolate; corolla yellowish ; sterile filament sometimes bearded. See page 221. 50. P. HETERANDER, T. & G. Calyx minutely puberulent; leaves sharply toothed, lanceolate or linear-oblong ; cymelets subsessile in a slender interrupted spike-like panicle ; sepals lanceolate ; corolla whitish ; sterile filament sometimes antheriferous.—California Sierras. (2.) Leaves subentire ; pedicels i-3-flowered, in a small loose panicle ; corolla bilabiate. 51. P. WurppLesnus, Gray. 1° high, the slender stem and thin ovate or oblong leaves glabrous; in- florescence viscid-pilose; sepals linear-lanceolate, long-attenuate; corolla 1 long, much dilated, the lower lip bearded ; sterile filament glabrous, dilated and uncinate.—New Mexico. Sect. II. SACCANTHERA, Benth. Anthers sagittate or horseshoeform, the cells confluent at top and dehiscent to the middle, saccate at base; inflorescence panicled; corolla violet or lilae-color, dilated above, short-bilabiate——Extreme western species, * Viscid-pubescent throughout; flowers large; leaves broad, subserrate, the upper ones cordate- elasping. 52. P. GLANDULOSUS, Lindl. Oregon. * * Puberulent or glabrous; leaves sharply serrate or pinnatifid. 53. P. veNustus, Dougl. Glabrous, erect; leaves rather broadly lanceolate, sharply dentate; the thyrsoid panicle rather loose; corolla 1! long or more, the lobes ciliate ; filaments and anthers sparingly pilose or rarely glabrous.—Oregon. 54. P. pirrusus, Doug]. Puberulent; stems ascending ; upper leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, subcordate-clasping, thickly serrate ; panicle usually leafy, the cymelets erowded; corolla not 1 long ; anthers glabrous ; sterile filament bearded at top.—Oregon to British Columbia. 55. P. Ricwarpsonu, Dougl. Nearly glabrous, usually with spreading branches; leaves ovate- or narrow-lanceolate, incised or pinnatifid, often alternate on the branches ; panicle loose; corolla 1/ long ; sterile filament sparingly bearded at the top.—Oregon. 56. P. rripnyLius, Dougl. Nearly glabrous, branched ; leaves lanceolate or linear, few-toothed or pinnatifid, rather rigid, the lower in threes or fours, opposite or alternate above; panicle loose, leafy ; corolla 4 long, slightly dilated ; sterile filament densely bearded.—Oregon to British Columbia. * * * Glabrous or glandular-puberulent ; leaves entire; filament flattened at the summit, glabrous or nearly so; peduncles few, slender, 3-6-flowered, (a.) Corolla }' long, slightly dilated; anthers glabrous, minutely denticulate on the margin. 57. P. GRACILENTUS, Gray. Leaves attenuate at base, the lower lanceolate, the upper linear. See page 222, (b.) Corolla 1’ long, scarlet, cylindric, slightly dilated ; sepals and petals viscid-pubescent, 58. P. Bripersi, Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 379. California. (e.) Corolla 1’ long and more, broad-funnelform above, slightly bilabiate; anthers hirsute at base or glabrous, short-ciliate on the margins. 59, P. HETEROPHYLLUS, Lindl. Glabrous or pruinose-puberulent; leaves narrowed at base ; pedun- cles rarely 2-flowered ; corolla reddish-purple. See page 222. 60. P. azurnus, Benth. Glabrous, glaucous; leaves lanceolate, the lower spatulate-oblong, the upper sessile and broad at base, often subcordate-ovate; panicle virgate; peduncles 1-3-flowered ; corolla bright-blue with a reddish-purple base.—California. 61. P. Larus, Gray. About 1° high, cwesious-pruinose with a shoré soft glandular pubescence ; oth- etwise resembling the last.—S. California. 62. P. Kincu, 8. Watson. Low, pruinose or glandular-pubescent, at least below; leaves oblanceo- late with a narrowed base; raceme secund; peduncles 1-4-flowered; corolla 8” long, purple. See page 222. ; Uncertain species. P._TENELLUS, Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1. 56. P. CARINATUS, Kell.; Ul. ¢., 1. 62. , P. CANOSOBARBATUM, Kell.; l. ¢., 2. 15. P. ROSTRIFLORUM, Kell.; 1. ¢., 2. 15. 456 BOTANY. CASTILLEIA. Chiefly from the revision of the genus by Dr. Gray in the Amer. Jour. of Science, Voi. XXXIII, pp. 335-339, (1862.) Mexican species omitted. § 1. HEMICHROMA or EUCASTILLEIA. Calyx (often ineurved) deeply cleft anteriorly, slightly bifid behind, usually 4-toothed. (Root perennial.) 1, C. LINARLEZFOLIA, Benth. Leaves long, linear; calyx-teeth subulate; galea elongated, much ex- serted ; usually glabrous. See page 228. 2. C. Laxa, Gray. Cinereous-pubescent; stems subdiffuse, branched ; leaves thin, linear-lanceolate, 2' long, 3’ wide, entire, not dilated at base; the floral shorter than the calyx, red above; flowers few, crowded, short-pedicelled ; calyx very thin, colpred, 1’ long, teeth short and obtuse; galea broad, slightly faleate, 6-8” longer than the calyx, lobes of the lip very short, obtuse.—Arizona, (1490 Wright.) 62. EUCHROMA. Calyx cleft both before and behind, the segments entire, emarginate or bifid. * Root annual or biennial. (a.) Leaves entire. 3. C. ArFInts, TH. & A. Flowers more or less pedicelled; calyx-segments narrow; galea elongated. See page 228. 4. C. wprvisa, Eng. Pilose-hispid ; cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, mostly rounded at base, the floral ones obovate-dilated, rarely somewhat lobed ; flowers sessile ; calyx-segments broad, usually emar- ginate; galea short and shortly exserted.—W. Texas. (b.) Leaves laciniately cleft. 5. C. COCCENEA, Spreng. From N. England, Canada and the Saskatchewan to the upper districts of the Southern States and Texas. : Root perennial. (a.) Floral leaves more or less dilated above and colored. (1.) Villous-pubescent, or glabrous below, the pubescence toward the top of the stem spreading-pilose or hirsute, more usually viscid. j 6. C. parvirLora, Bong. Usually low, pilose or hirsute; leaves mostly trifid or pinnately laciniate, the floral ones red or yellowish. See page 229. 7. C. pattipa, Kth. Taller, often glabrous or glabrate below; leaves linear to ovate-lanceolate, mostly entire; floral leaves whitish or red. See page 229. & C. vatironia, H. & A. Viscid-hirsute throughout, loosely branched ; leaves short, obovate, very obtuse, mostly entire, the floral ones dilated at the apex, 3-5-lobed, red; calyx-segments broad, 2-lobed or emarginate; corolla small.—California. (2.) Tomentose, or with the pubescence upon the stem soft and entanged; cauline leaves linear, entire or trifid. (28.) Hoary ; calyx-segments dilated, subentire. 9. C. rotroLosa, H. & A. Floccose-tomentose, the hairs very much branched; stems suftruticose, with the older leaves sometimes becoming glabrous; galea slightly exserted beyond the spatulate-oblong and usually retuse calyx-segments.—California. 10, C. LANATA, Gray. Herbaceous ; white-woolly with an appressed webby tomentum; flowers nearly as in the last but larger.—W. Texas, New Mexico and Northern Mexico. (2.) Cinereous-puberulent or subtomentose; calyx-segments most usually bifid; galea exserted; leaves sometimes glabrous above. 11. C. rrrera, Gray. Stem loosely tomentose; leaves (usually slightly tomentose) all entire, or the floral ones somewhat lobed, rarely trifid ; flowers 14/ long, the galea larger (6-8” long) and the lip shorter than in the next; calyx 8-12’ long, the lobes lanceolate.—Colorado to N. Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. 12. C. purPUREA, Don. Stem a little tomentose or cinereous; leaves puberulent or glabrate, the upper ones usually entire and the floral ones trifid or laciniate; flowers 1’ long, the lip 2-2} long, not half the length of the galea.—Arkansas, Texas, and E. New Mexico. 13. C. FLAVA, 8. Watson. Villous-pubescent, puberulent above; leaves woolly pubescent, the floral ones deeply 3-cleft, yellow ; galea 4’’ long, exserted; lip very short. See page 230. (b.) Leaves mostly 3-5-cleft with linear lobes, the floral ones not dilated nor colored ; calyx equally cleft or more deeply cleft in front, the segments deeply bifid; corolla-lip more trisaccate-carinate than in the preceding, the lobes half as long as the galea; low, subvillous or subcinereous, APPENDIX. . 457 14. C. sessiiFLoraA, Pursh. Calyx and corolla with a narrow clongated tube ; lip 3-parted, the lobes linear-lanceolate ; corolla 2/ long, galea 4-6” in length.—Wisconsin and Illinois, west to the plains and south to Louisiana, New Mexico, and Chihuahua. 15. C. BREVIFLORA, Gray. A span high ; spikes dense, scarcely 1’ long in flower; calyx oyoid-oblong, lobes lanceolate ; tube of the yellow corolla nearly included, the lower lip move 3-saceate, shortly 3-cleft, the lobes oblong, obtuse.—Rocky Mountains of Colorado, alpine. ORTHOCARPUS. Based upon an examination of the specimens in the Herbariums of Dr. Gray, Dr. Torrey, and Prof. Eaton, and a large recent collection made in California by Messrs. Kellogg and Haniford. § 1. Trrprysarra, Benth. Lip of the corolla 3-saceate, the teeth or appendages shorter than the sacs, * Anthers 1-celled. 1. O. pusixtus, Benth. 2-10/ high, slender, much branched, more or less hirsute; leaves setaceously multifid, mostly }/ long, or less; spike interrupted; bracts exceeding the flowers, linear-lobed ; calyx- teeth linear, exceeding the tube, about equaling the (2) long) yellowish glabrous corolla; sacs very small and teeth nearly obsolete, galea uncinate ; the lower anthers smaller, abortive ; capsule subglobose, 2” or less in length.—About San Francisco Bay ; Oregon, (Wilkes.) 2. O. FLORIBUNDUS, Benth. 3-15’ high, stouter, subglabrous, branched; leaves 1-2! long, linear- lanceolate, setaceously multifid at the apex; spikes dense; bracts shorter than the flowers, lobes linear, entire; calyx 3” long, teeth broad, acute, shorter than the tube; corolla yellow, glabrous, 5-6” long, the sacs 13-2’ broad, galea straight, obtusish ; stamens exserted, often nearly equal ; capsule 2” long, oblong.— Abont San Francisco Bay. 3. O. ERIANTHUS, Benth. 2-10! high, usually corymbosely much branched, puberulent ; leaves as in the last, 1-3/ long; spikes rather loose ; lobes of the bracts linear-laciniate, often entire; calyx 3-4/ long, often purplish, the ovate or lanceolate teeth shorter than the tube ; corolla 8-12” long, white, pink or yellowish, tube pubescent, sacs 23” in diameter, glabrous with the folds often bearded within, the galea purple, subulate, straight, rigidly erect ; capsule ovate, 3-4’ long.—California, from San Diego to Sacra- mento River. 4. O. FAUCIBARBATUS, Gray. Pac. R. R. Surv. 4. 121. Resembling the last, but rather stouter and glabrous, 6-16’ high and branching unequally along the stem; leaves usually broader; corolla more usually yellow or yellowish, the sacs rather smaller, puberulent with the folds always bearded, the galea less purple.—California, from San Francisco to the Klamath River. * * Anthers 2-celled. 5. O. Lacerus, Benth. Plant. Hartw. 329. 6-10! high, bianched, hirsute-pubescent or below glabrate ; leaves 1-2’ long, linear or narrow-lanceolate, linear-lobed ; Spikes short, dense; bracts with entire linear yobes; calyx 4” long, the linear or lanceolate lobes equaling the tube; corolla rose-colored, 8-10 long, nearly as in O. erianthus but the tube subglabrous and the lip puberulent.— California, from San Luis Obispo to the Sacramento Valley. ; 6. O. CAMPESTRIS, Benth. Plant. Hartw. 329. 2-4! high, simple or somewhat branched; leaves 1/ long, mostly entire; spikes few-flowered; calyx pilose with spreading white hairs; lower anther-cel] minute; otherwise as in the last of which it is probably only a depauperate form.—Collected in the lower Sacramento Valley by Frémont, Hartweg, and Rich. 7. O. GRACILIS, Benth. Subpubescent; stems very slender, 4-8! high, simple or branched; leaves linear, lobed at the apex, +1’ long; spike interrupted below ; bracts small, scarcely equaling the calyx ; calyx 3” long, purplish, the lanceolate teeth shorter than the tube; corolla 5-6” long, purplish, pubes- cent, the straight subulate galea nearly twice longer than the lip, the teeth erect and lanceolate ; capsule 2’ Jong, oblong.—Collected in California by Douglas. Specimens from Kelloge and Haniford, probably the same, are more pilose, the corolla yellow, and the calyx green with narrow teeth. 8. O. LITHOSPERMOIDEs, Benth. Stout and striet, 4/-2° high, hirsute-pubescent throughout, simple or branched ; leaves 1-2/ long, lanceolate or ovate, 3-nerved, coarsely lobed at the apex or the lower entire; spike dense, 1-8’ long, the broad palmately lobed bracts equaling the corolla-tube; calyx 6” long, the linear-lanceolate teeth nearly as long as the tube; corolla 8-12’ long, yellow, puberulent, the 58 458 BOTANY. galea straight, acute, 3-4” long, but little exceeding the broad lip with its short acute teeth; capsule 3-4” long, ovate-oblong.—Middle California; frequent. 421 Fremont has purple flowers. § 2. ORTHOCARPUS, Benth. Lip concave with three folds or shallow saes, the teeth very short ; anthers 2-celled. * Bracts 5-lobed. 9. O. HiIspripus, Benth. Leaves linear- to ovate-lanceolate and few-lobed, or linear and entire ; bracts pubescent, dilated, coarsely and acutely lobed; corolla 5-9” long, yellow, puberulent or glabrous, the galea subulate, very acute, straight, lip somewhat saccate. See page 230. 10. O. TENUIFOLIUS, Benth. Pilose-pubescent; stems 4-12’ high, slender, simple or branched above ; leaves linear, deeply 3-5-lobed ; spike short and dense, 1-2’ long; bracts broad, subglabrous, hispid on the margins, the middle lobe broad and rounded at the apex; calyx 2” long, the lanceolate teeth equaling the tube; corolla purplish, 6-7” long, puberulent, the galea uncinate and longer than the slightly dilated 3-plicate lip; capsule 2} long, oblong.—Oregon and Washington Territory ; Montana. * * Bracts 3-lobed. 11. O. Totmrer, H. & A. Puberulent, 4-18’ high; branches spreading ; leaves narrow, mostly entire ; spikes short; corolla yellow, glabrous, 4-6" long, the galea uncinate; capsule retuse, few-seeded. See page 230. : 12. O. LuTEUs, Nutt. Resembling the last; hispid; branches erect; spikes elongated; bracts often entire; corolla pubescent ; capsule many-seeded. See page 231. 13. O. PURPUREO-ALBUS, Gray, Ms. in Herb, Erect, 4-12’ high, strict, slender, simple or sparingly branched; pubescence short and viscid; leaves linear, 4-1’ long, deeply 3-lobed; bracts similar, slightly dilated at base; spike elongated, interrupted; calyx 3-4” long, the tube twice longer than the ovate- lanceolate teeth; corolla 8-12” long, light-purple, pubescent, the galea uncinate, 3” long, a little exceed- ing the dilated 3-plicate lip; capsule 3-4’’ long, many-seeded.—Collected in New Mexico by Woodhouse, Newberry, and Parry. 14. O. BRACTEOSUS, Benth. Pubescent; stem 6-18’ high, rather slender, strict, simple or branched ; leaves 1-2’ long, linear or narrowly lanceolate, 3-lobed; spike dense, 1-3’ long, the broad bracts with triangular acute lobes, subhispid on the 1aargin; calyx 2-3” long, the tube twice exceeding the teeth; corolla light-purple, 6-8” long, minutely puberulent, the galea rather short, but little exceeding the dilated 3-plicate lip, uncinate; capsule 24-3” long, broad, flattened, very obtuse, about 15-seeded.—S. Oregon to Fraser’s River. 15. O. Inericatus, Torr., Ms.in Herb. Stem slender, erect, simple, 8-10' high, minutely pubescent ; leaves 1’ long, linear, entire; spike very short and few-flowered; bracts nearly glabrous, broad and rounded at the apex, the lateral lobes narrow, acute; calyx 2” long, 2-cleft below the middle, the segments acutely 2-toothed, ciliate ; corolla purplish, 4-5’ long, nearly glabrous, the uncinate galea a little exceed- ing the slightly dilated 3-plicate lip.—Collected by Dr. Newberry on Williamson’s expedition in the Cas- cade Mts., Oregon. § 3. ONCHORRHYNCHUS, Benth. Lip of the corolla slightly 3-saceate or 3-plicate, the teeth erect and prominent.—The species more variable ; bracts often colored. 16. O. ATTENUATUS, Gray. Pac. R. R. Surv. 4. 121. Pubescent; stem 4-8’ high, simple, strict, slen- der; leaves 4-2’ long, linear, sparingly lobed or entire; spike rather dense aboye, 1-4’ long; bracts deeply 3-lobed, lobes long and attenuated, equaling the flowers ; calyx 4-6’ long, the linear teeth shorter than the tube; corolla 5-7” long, white or yellowish, subpubescent, the galea straight, acute, a little exceeding the oblong teeth of the slightly dilated purplish lip; capsule 3-4” long, oblong.—From the Sacramento River to Washington Territory. 17. O. PuRPURASCENS, Benth. Pilose-hispid ; 4-18’ high, branching, rather stout; leaves 1-3’ long, linear or lanceolate, setaceously multifid ; spikes dense, 1-6’ long; bracts colored, 5-9-lobed, the seg- ments usually dilated and short-lobed at the apex; calyx colored, much more deeply cleft anteriorly, the segments more or less deeply 2-cleft ; corolla purple, 7-12” long, pubescent, the galea abruptly atten- uate and uncinate at the apex, pilose-crested; the teeth rather short and obtuse; capsule 5-6’ long.— Frequent throughout California. Var. LaTironius. Low and very diffusely branched; the lobes of the broad multifid leaves dilated and obtuse; calyx-lobes short.—A remarkable form occurring in salt marshes near San Francisco (6538, Bolander) and in Humboldt County, California. 18. O. DENSIFLORUS, Benth. Pubescent, 4-12’ high, branching, often corymbosely from toward the base; leaves 3-nerved, linear to ovate-lanceolate, sparingly lobed, 2-4’ long; spikes dense, 1-4’ long; bracts 5-lobed, the linear segments scarcely dilated at the apex, colored; calyx 8’ long, the linear teeth not or but little exceeding the tube; corolla 7-15” long, pubescent, more or less purple or yellow, the galea straight, obtuse or toothed, but little exceeding the purple lanceolate acute teeth of the lip; cap- sule 4-6” long.—Frequent throughout California. APPENDIX. 459 19, O. LINEARILOBUS, Benth. Plant. Hartw. 330. Pilose-hispid, erect, strict, 12-15! high, somewhat branched above; leaves 1-3’ long, linear, the lower entire, the upper deeply 3-5-lobed; spike short, dense; bracts palmately 5-cleft with linear lobes exceeding the flowers; calyx-lobes linear, much exceeding the tube, nearly equaling the corolla ; corolla 10’ long, pubescent, purplish, the galea straight, but little exceeding the lip.—Collected only by Hartweg (1903) in the mountains of California. The single specimen in Herb. Gray. scarcely differs from 0. densiflorus except in its greater hispidness. 20. O. CASTILLEIOIDES, Benth. 4-8! high, diffusely branched, pilose-hispid above ; leayes 1-2! long, lanceolate, oblong or ovate, the upper usually coarsely short-lobed ; bracts broadly dilated, the inatibal apex shortly 3-5-cleft ; calyx and corolla as in O. densiflorus into which it seems to run and of which it may be a form corresponding to the variety of O. purpuraseens.—From San Francisco to Washington Ter- ritory. : 21. O. AUSTRALIS, Benth. Chili and Peru. 22. O. PALLESCENS, Gray. Amer. Jour. Sci. 34. 339. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 384. Perennial, hirsute- pubescent; stems ascending, simple or branched, 4-10’ high; leaves 1-2’ long, linear, divaricately few- lobed or entire; spike usually crowded, 1-3/ long; bracts colored, dilated, 3-5-lobed, the middle lobe broad and rounded at the apex or variously cleft; calyx 8! long, bifid to the middle, with the segments more or less 2-cleft; corolla 8’ long, pubescent, the galea obscurely 3-lobed with the middle lobe longer and acutish, a little exceeding the obtuse oblong teeth of the slightly dilated 3-plicate lip; capsule 3-4’ long.—-California and Oregon. Nuttall’s original specimens and Lyall’s from the Columbia have the calyx-segments shortly 2-toothed and the galea considerably longer than the lip; other mountain speci- mens of Geyer, Brewer, Cronkhite and Torrey have a shorter galea and the calyx more deeply cleft, and still others from Kellogg have the calyx equally 4-cleft. 23. O. prtosts, 8. Watson. Perennial (?), pilose-pubescent; leaves lanceolate, few-lobed ; bracts colored, broad, 3-lobed, the middle lobe dilated and rounded; ealyx 4-lobed to the middle, cleft ante- riorly nearly to the base; corolla yellowish, galea straight, acute, exceeding the prominent teeth. See page 231. CORDYLANTHUS. From the Revision of the Genus by Dr. Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad., Vol. VU, pp. 381-334, (1867,) with a slight modification of the characters of the second section. : § 1. ADENOSTEGIA. Inflorescence compound, the flowers often on short pedicels, with 2-4-bract- lets ; calyx of two leaves, the lower exterior in wstivation; floral leaves and bracts (except in C. laxiflorus) very often truneate, retuse, or subtridentate at the apex and more or less callous- tipped. * Lower sepal about 5-nerved, the upper subscarious, 2-nerved and bifid; stamens 2, with nearly glabrous filaments and 1-celled anthers; floral leaves trifid or subpinnatifid. 1. C. capiratus, Nutt. Heads rather few-flowered. See page 231. * * Sepals 5-6-nerved, the upper one entire or emarginate ; stamens 4, with villous-filaments and 2-celled anthers ; leaves narrow-linear or filiform. (a.) Upper and floral leaves 3-5-cleft and with the branches minutely scabrous or subglandular- puberulent. 2. C. FItiroiius, Nutt. Lower leaves entire, the floral ones sparingly hispid, especially on the mar- gins, subeuneate at base, more or less dilated at the extremities; flowers in crowded heads; sepals oblong, obtuse.—Middle and Southern California. 3. C, Ramosus, Nutt. Leaves all divided, the filiform segments not dilated; floral leaves with 5-7 nearly equal lobes, scarcely thickened above; corolla yellow, slightly exceeding the ovate or oblong obtuse calyx-leaves. See page 232. 4. C. Wricuri, Gray. Leaves 3-5-parted, filiform, the floral similar and not hispid; heads few- flowered, terminal; sepals lanceolate, the upper one 2-3-toothed ; corolla 1/ long, purplish.—California, Arizona, and New Mexico. (b.) Leaves nearly always all entire; flowers subpanicled. 5. C. prtosus, Gray. 2-4° high, more or less hoary with soft spreading subviscid hairs; leaves linear, the upper usually truncate-emarginate or broadly 3-lobed at the apex; flowers crowded or rather loose ; sepals lanceolate-oblong.—Middle California. 460 BOTANY. 6. C. YeNuIs, Gray. 2° high, very finely puberulent and nearly glabrous, effusely panicled, with slender branchlets, subfiliform leaves and scattered flowers. See page 232. * * * Sepals 6-nerved, the upper one emarginate-bifid; corolla rather deeply bilibiate, the lower lip half shorter than the galea; stamens 4, the lower anther-cell either abortive or wholly want- ing ; filaments slightly villous; leaves all short, linear, usually entire. 7. C. LaAxreLorvs, Gray. Panieulately branched, very hirsute; flowers solitary or approximate. See page 232. §2. HEMISTEGIA. Flowers without bractlets, in a simple or sometimes branched spike, each ses- sile in the axil of a clasping bract; calyx of a single 2-toothed leaflet, the lower leaflet wanting. Not glandular, somewhat viscid, a span to a foot high. * Filaments glabrous; base only of the anther-cells ciliolate or bearded. (a.) Lower leaves and the bracts all entire ; stamens 4, the longer with 2-celled anthers, the shorter with a small lower cell only; seeds short-beaked, testa smooth (?). C. maririmus, Nutt. Subpubescent, leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, glabrate, mostly obtuse, spreading ; spike short, simple; filaments very unequal.—Coast of Califernia. C. canescens, Gray. Pubesecent, erect; leaves lance-linear, acute, suberect; bracts lanceolate ; flowers few, purplish. See page 233. (b.) Cauline leaves entire, the bracts broader and often incised; stamens 2; seeds obtuse, the testa pitted-reticulate. C. mouuis, Gray. Loosely subhirsute-villous; stem and branches diffuse; leaves linear, short ; bracts oblong, 2-3-toothed or entire, a little shorter than the yellowish corolla; spikes sometimes branched.—Mare Island, Bay of San Irancisco, (Wright.) * * Filaments villous; stamens 4, with 2-celled anthers, the cells bearded both at base and apex ; leaves 3-cleft ; bracts 3-5-cleft. C. Kine, 8. Watson. Erect, branched, viscid and villous-pubescent; leaf-segments linear; corolla purplish, villous. See page 233, and Plate XXII. NAMA. From Dr. GRaAy’s revisions of the genus, Proc. Amer. Acad., Vol. V, p. 337, and Vol. VIII, p. 283. § 1. Leaves decurrent and winging the stem, obovate or spatulate; villous with a soft pubescence or pilose ; branches procumbent. 1. N. Jamarcensts, L. Peduncles very short; seeds costate-pitted.—Key West; Texas; Mexico. 2. N. Burtora, Chois. Peduncles filiform; seeds alveolate.—E. Mexico. § 2. Cauline leaves all or mostly sessile and subamplexicaul, not decurrent ; pubescence soft but not hoary ; annual. 3. N. unpuLata, HBK. Erect; leaves often undulate, all alternate, linear- or spatulate- oblong, the lower oblanceolate-spatulate with the base attenuate; peduncles mostly very short; the mature capsule nearly 1” long, about equaling the calyx; seeds alveolate-reticulated.—Texas and New Mexico to Chili. 4. N. Berianprert, Gray. Leayes oval-oblong; capsule a half shorter than the calyx ; seeds indis- tinetly pitted.—E. Mexico. § 3. Leaves all attenuate at base or petioled. * Annual, rough with stiff or somewhat rigid hairs, not hoary ; leaves attenuate to a rather slender base but scarcely petioled ; sepals narrowly and exactly linear. 5. N. misprpa, Gray. Flowers often in pairs; capsule oblong; seeds 24-40 in each cell, +4" long, oblong, very obscurely ridged.—From W. Texas and New Mexico to 8. California. 6. N. pemissa, Gray. Capsule short-oblong; seeds 10-12 in each cell, 1-4” long, oval, less obscurely rugose-pitted. See page 259. * * Annual; pubescence softer or shorter and a little cinereous ; sepals more or less dilated upward. 7. N. SANDWICENSIS, Gray. Sandwich Islands. 8. N. Coutrert, Gray. Pubescence rather roughish ; leaves oblong-spatulate, the lowest only atten- uate into a petiole; corolla twice longer than the calyx, 5” long; capsule oblong; seeds broad oval, } long or less, smoothish.—S. California or Arizona ; Chihuahua. APPENDIX. 461 9. N. Dichoroma, Ruiz & Pay. Pubescence more or less viscid; corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx; capsule rather short-oblong ; seeds 3-2” long, oval-oblong, coarsely pitted.—Mexico to Bolivia. Var. ANGUSTIFOLIA, Gray. Leaves linear-lanceolate-—New Mexico and S. Colorado. 10. N. LATIFOLIA, Gray. Leaves all slender-petioled ; seeds nearly smooth.—S. W. Mexico. ~ * * Perennial or perhaps annual, with a somewhat woody base, and a very soft pubescence ; leaves not exceeding 1/ in length; seeds very small. Mexican. 11. N. RuprcoLA, Bonpl., and 12. N. ORIGANIFOLIA, HBK, * * * * Perennial, somewhat shrubby at base ; pubescence hispid or silky-canescent ; leaves and flowers larger. 13. N. HirsuTa, Mart. & Gal. S. W. Mexico. 14. N. srRIcEA, Willd. Mexico. 15. N. Lossy, Gray. Pubescent with a webby wool; leaves lanceolate, attenuate to a scarcely petioled base ; flowers crowded in sessile axillary and terminal clusters ; sepals narrow, not dilated upward.—Sierras of California. MERTENSIA. Revised by Dr. Gray in Amer. Jour. of Science, Vol. XXXIII, p. 339, (1862. ) § 1. Filaments slender, much longer than the anthers; corolla-tube several times longer than the . deeply 5-cleft calyx, the limb very slightly lobed, the throat without folds. 1. M. Virernica, DC. From W. New York to Wisconsin and Iowa and southward to 8. Carolina and Tennessee. Arctic coast, (M. Drummondii, Don.) § 2. Filaments more or less narrower and longer than the anthers ; limb of the corolla lobed. 2. M. Marita, Don. Corolla-tube shorter than the limb, about equaling the sub—5-parted calyx, the folds conspicuous.—From Greenland to Behring Strait and southward on the coast to Cape Cod and Washington Territory. N. Europe and Asia; Japan. § 3. Filaments more dilated, as broad as the anthers or broader, and more or less shorter ; corolla- limb 5-cleft. * Calyx not cleft below the middle. 3 M. FENDLERI, Gray. Stem and lower side of the leaves smooth, the upper surface and the pedi- cels finely appressed hispid; cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate ; racemes few-flowered; corolla-tube searcely longer than the limb and the broad-lanceolate lobes of the hirsute calyx, with a hairy ring on the inside above the base ; disk more or less 2-lobed.—New Mexico, (Fendler.) * * Calyx 5-parted or sometimes deeply 5-cleft. (a.) Corolla-tube 2-3 times longer than the upper dilated portion, (the limb.) 4. M. OBLONGIFOoLIA, DC. Low; cauline leaves oblong or spatulate-lanceolate, mostly obtuse ; calyx-segments lanceolate or linear, acute, 2-3 times shorter than the corolla-tube, which is naked within. See page 238. (b.) Corolla-tube not more than a half longer than the limb. (1.) Tall, 1-3° high; cauline leaves ovate or oyate-lanceolate, very sharply acuminate or acute, costate-veined ; corolla +’ long or alittle more. 5. M. pantcuLata, Don. Hirsute, roughbish or glabrate ; calyx-segments lanceolate or lanceolate- linear, acute, hirsute or hispid-ciliate, slightly or a half shorter than the corolla-tube, which is sparingly hairy within. Sce page 239. 6. M. Srpirica, Don. Glaucescent, subpubescent or glabrous; calyx-segments oblong or oblong- linear, ciliolate, 2-4 times shorter than the corolla-tube, which is sparingly hairy or nearly glabrous within.—These species are probably not distinct. See page 239. (2.) Low; cauline leaves obtuse or acutish, scarcely veined ; corolla 3 4” long. 7, M. arriya, Don. A span to nearly 1° high, glabrous or hirsute; leaves spatulate-oblong, lance- olate or the uppermost oblong-ovate, rather small and mostly acute, calyx-segments ovate- or oblong- lanceolate and obtusish, or linear-lanceolate and acute, ciliate, a little shorter than the corolla-tube, which equals the limb and is usually hairy within; anthers inserted in the throat.—Rocky Mountains of Colorado. 8, M. BREVIsTYLA, 8. Watson. More hirsute ; leaves obtuse, corolla-tube usually shorter than the limb, naked within; anthers wholly included in the tube; style very short.—See page 239. 462 BOTANY. POLEMONIACE. Drawn up chiefly from the recent “Revision of the North American Polemoniacexe” by Dr. Gray, in Proc. Amer. Acad., Vol. VIIL., pp. 247-282, (1870.) Mexican and S. American species omitted. I. Stamens unequally inserted. 1. PHLOX. Corolla salverform. Filaments short, included. Ovules 1-5 in each cell. Seeds un- changed when wetted, the simple integument adherent to the albumen.—Leaves entire, at least the lower ones opposite. 2, COLLOMIA. Corolla salyerform or funnelform: Filaments slender, usually exserted. Ovules solitary, or few-many in each cell. Seeds mucilaginous when moistened and giving out spiricles.— Leaves all or mostly alternate, usually pinnately parted or incised. II. Stamens equally inserted. Seeds mostly giving out spiricles or mucilaginous when wetted. 3. GILLA. Corolla varying from salverform to subrotate. Filaments not declinate and without appendages.—Leaves various. 4. POLEMONIUM. Corolla varying from funnelform to rotate. Filaments slender, more or less declinate, hairy-appendaged at base.—Leaves alternate, pinnately divided. PHLOX. § 1. Broad-leayed perennials; ovules solitary. Eastern species. * Flowers on very short pedicels in compact cymelets forming a many-flowered panicle or thyrse ; stem tall, strict; corolla-lobes entire. 1. P. panrcunata, L. From Pennsylvania to Mlinois, and southward to Georgia and Arkansas. 2. P. macuLata, L. From Pennsylvania to Michigan, and south to Florida, Mississippi and Arkansas. * * Cymelets corymbed or occasionally simple ; stems erect or spreading ; corolla-lobes broad, entire or obeordate. (a.) Glabrous and shining, the corymb or stem rarely seabrous-puberulent; calyx-lobes broad ; corolla-lobes rounded, entire. 3. P. ovata, L. Stems ascending from a decumbent or creeping base; leaves ovate, occasionally oblong-lanceolate, or the uppermost subcordate, the lowest narrowed to a petiole; calyx-teeth short- ovate or broad-lanceolate, acute.—Along the Alleghanies from Alabama to Pennsylvania. 4. P. GLaBERRIMA, L. Stems slender, erect ; leaves linear- or occasionally oblong-lanceolate, or the uppermost narrowly ovate-lanceolate, on the upper part of the stem gradually narrowed from the base, acuminate, nearly nerveless, subrevolute on the margin, the upper surface glossy ; calyx-teeth triangu- lar- or lanceolate-subulate, very acute —From Ohio and Wisconsin to Florida and Louisiana. (b.) Pilose or glandular; teeth of the more or less hairy and usually viscid calyx elongated and nar- row ; corolla-lobes sometimes retuse or obcordate. (1.) Without stolous. 5. P. Frormana, Benth. Strict, 2° high, a little hairy or nearly glabrous; leaves linear- or oblong- lanceolate, rather rigid ; top of the stem and corymb glandular; teeth of the glandular calyx lanceolate- setaceous ; corolla-lobes obovate, entire.—Florida. G. P. priosa, L. Villous, pilose, or pubescent, sometimes glabrate; stem erect, slender, 1-2° high ; leaves lanceolate and linear; corymb at length open; calyx rough-villous or subviscid-pubescent, the teeth subulate-setaceous, elongated or very slender, sometimes with an awnlike apex; corolla-lobes obo- vate, entire—From New Jersey to the Saskatchewan, and south to Florida and W. Texas. 7. P. aMaena, Sims. Pubescence soft, rarely roughish, more or less villous; stems ascending, simple, 6-15’ high; leaves suberect, oblong or lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acutish or obtuse, the highest bracteating the compact corymb; calyx-teeth narrowly subulate, very acute, s sarcely awned.—Kentucky and Virginia to Florida. (2.) Somewhat stoloniferous ; leaves broad, rather short. 8. P. pivanicara, L. Corolla-lobes obcordate or cuneate, emarginate, or sometimes (Var. Laphamii, Wood,) entire—From Canada to Wisconsin and Dakota, and south to Florida, Alabama, Arkansas and the Platte. "APPENDIX. 463 9. P. REPTANS, Michx. Pennsylvania and Kentucky to Georgia; Arkansas, (Nuttall.) * * * Few-flowered, low, diffuse ; leaves linear; corolla pale-violet, with 2-cleft cuneate lobes, the segments narrow. 10. P. Biripa, Beck. Pubescent, with the leayes sometimes glabrate ; corolla-lobes cleft at least to the middle, the divisions nearly linear.—Illinois and Missouri. 11. P. Sreriarta, Gray. Glabrous, cespitose, somewhat perennial at base; leaves narrow-linear and rather rigid, the upper slightly ciliate at base; peduncles elongated, mostly 1-flowered ; corolla pale- blue or nearly white, the lobes bifid with short-oblong segments.—Clifis of the Kentucky River, only by Dr. Short. § 2. Slightly suffrutescent perennial eastern species, with subulate fascicled evergreen leaves; ovules 1-2 in each cell; corolla lobes only obcordate. 12. P. suBuLata, L. Usually with a long style and solitary ovules.—Southern New York to Michi- gan, and south to Florida and Mississippi. § 3. Species of the Rocky Mts. and westward, or arctic, somewhat woody or rarely herbaceous at base, the ovules 1-3 in each cell; branches 1-few-flowered ; leaves mostly narrow or small, usually more or less cartilaginous-thickened (or rather revolute) on the margin. * Matted-cxspitose subshrubby evergreen perennials; leaves short, sometimes very small, crowded or imbricated and fascicled up to the very flowers, scarious-connate at base, the older ones marces- cent; flowers solitary, sessile, (in P. Douglasii sometimes short-peduncled ;) ovules solitary. (a.) Leaves with webby hairs, at least upon the margin. (1.) In mosslike cushions, the very short broadish or scalelike leaves imbricated, soft, and merely mucronate ; corolla-lobes entire. 13. P. Ricnarpsonn, Hook. Rather loosely matted; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3 long, somewhat sparingly woolly, with thickened margins, soon reflexed, imbricated, loosely spreading when old; corolla- tube half longer than the calyx, the lobes broadly cuneate-obovate, 3 long.—Aretic Coast. 14. P. BryomEs, Nutt. More densely matted and very small, with an abundant very soft wool; branchlets separated ; leaves scalelike, closely imbricate in four rows, ovate- or triangular-lanceolate, 13” long, very close and appressed even when old, the margins subinflexed ; corolla-tube a little exceed- ing the calyx, the cuneate lobes 13” long.—Rocky Mts. of W. Wyoming, (Nuttall.) 15. P. muscorpes, Nutt. Resembling the last; branches short and very crowded; leaves less strictly 4-ranked, more sparingly woolly, ovate-lanceolate, 1} long, slightly mucronate ; calyx equaling the co- rolla-tube.—Rocky Mts., only by Wyeth. ; (2.) Leaves more rigid, subulate, somewhat acerose, 3-4” long, less closely imbricated ; flowers white. 16. P. Hoopu, Rich. Rather sparingly woolly, glabrate ; leaves erect ; corolla-tube not exceeding the calyx, the lobes obovate, entire, 2-2}’ long.—Montana and the Saskatchewan region. 17. P. canescens, T. & G. More woolly and leaves spreading; corolla more or less exceeding the calyx, the lobes 3-4” long, entire or emarginate. See page 259. (b.) Leaves more rigid, hirsute- or roughish-ciliate on the margins, at least at base, or sometimes naked. 18. P. casprrosa, Nutt. Leaves linear-subulate or oblong-linear, rigid, close, ciliate, otherwise glabrous or sparingly glandular; corolla-tube a little exceeding the calyx. See page 259. 19. P. Dovuaiasnu, Hook. Pubescent or nearly glabrous; leaves rather rigid, acerose, more usually spreading and less close, the margins either naked or ciliate at base ; corolla-tube more or less exceeding the calyx. See page 260. * * Showy, from a many-branched or loosely czespitose woody or sometimes herbaceous base; leaves usually longer, linear or lanceolate, rarely subovate, loose and not fascicled or but slightly so ; flowers solitary or subeymose, rather long peduncled. ‘ (a.) Style elongated. (1.) Aretie; leaves and loosely cxspitose stems somewhat lax. 20. P. Srpirica, L. 2-4’ high, hairy-pubescent ; leaves narrow-linear, usually a little villous on the margin; peduncles naked, 1-flowered ; corolla-tube equaling or a little exceeding its obcordate or retuse lobes and the calyx; ovules in pairs.—Kotzebue Sound and E, Siberia. (2.) Of temperate regions; the leaves and erect or ascending woody-based stems rather rigid ; corolla- tube exceeding the narrow-subulate calyx-lobes. The first two species mostly narrow-leayed and the calyx usually angled. 464 BOTANY. 21. P. LINEARIFOLIA, Gray. Glabrous or sometimes roughish-pubescent above, 6-12’ high, corymb- osely many-flowered; leaves very narrowly linear, 1-2/ long; calyx strongly angled by the folded inter- costal membranes, the teeth acerose-subulate; corolla-tube a little longer, the lobes obovate-cuneate, entire or rarely retuse ; ovules in pairs.—Idaho and Washington Territories. 22. P. ronGirotta, Nutt. Glabrous or pubescent, 2-12’ high; leaves very narrow or sometimes lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 1-3’ long; corolla-lobes entire or retuse ; ovules usually solitary. See page 260. 23. P. ADSURGEN Torr. Glabrous, excepting the glandular-pubescent subcymose inflorescence ; stems diffuse, ascending, slender, about 1° high; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, + long, usually much shorter than the internodes; corolla-tube nearly 1’ long, about twice longer than the subterete salyx, the lobes 5’ long, obovate, entire; style exserted; ovules solitary.—Cation Pass, Oregon; only by Wood. (b.) Style usually shorter than the stigmas and ovary; calyx cylindrical, with subulate lobes. 24. P. sprcrosa, Pursh. Somewhat viscid-puberulent or glabrate, 1-4° high, the branches ascending from a woody decumbent base ; leaves lanceolate or linear, 14-2’ long, the upper mostly dilated at base ; flowers corymbed ; corolla pink or white, the tube a little exceeding the calyx, the lobes obcordate, (or in Var. Sabrnt, obovate and entire or retuse;) ovules solitary—From Washington Territory to Califor- nia. Var. Woopnousti is a dwarf Arizona form with linear leaves, not dilated at base, and smaller flowers. 25. P. nana, Nutt. Glandular-pubescent or roughish, sometimes glabrate, branches spreading from a woody base, 6-12 high; leaves linear, often alternate on the branches ; flowers scattered; corolla pink or white, the tube a little longer than the calyx, the limb 12-15” broad, with very broadly cuneate-obo- -ate lobes, entire or slightly erose; ovules 2 or usually 3 in each cell—Western Texas to New Mexico and 8. Colorado. § 4. Annual Texan species, loosely branched, more or less viscid-hairy ; leaves rather broad, the upper alternate; calyx-lobes shortly bristle-tipped, soon recuryed or spreading, splitting nearly to the base in fruit; style shorter than the stigmas ; seeds somewhat wing-angled. 26. P. Drummonpu, Hook. Leaves usually lanceolate or oblong, the upper subcordate at base and haif-clasping ; flowers corymbed ; ovules solitary. 27. P. Ra@Mpriana, Scheele. Low, loosely branched from the base, subglabrous ; leaves lanceolate, oblong, or the lowest spatulate, the cauline mostly alternate, hirsute on the margins; flowers scattered ; corolla pink, the tube about equaling the spreading linear segments of the hirsute calyx, shorter than the very broadly obovate (6-9 long) lobes ; ovules 4-5 in each cell. COLLOMIA. § EUCOLLOMIA, Gray. Ovules solitary (in C. heterophylla 2-3) in each cell; annuals, more or less viscid-pubescent * Leaves sessile, simple; flowers usually crowded; calyx obconical; corolla narrow; seeds with very abundant spiricles. (a.) Flowers in crowded leafy-bracted heads, or the lowest subsolitary in the forks. 1. C. Granpirrora, Dong]. 1-2° high; calyx-lobes broad, obtuse; corolla 1’ long, salmon-color. See page 261. 2. C. rinnants, Nutt. Smaller; calyx-lobes triangular-lanceolate, acute; corolla 3’ long. See page 261, (b.) Flowers seattered, all solitary in the forks. 3. C. TENELLA, Gray. Low, loosely branched; leaves linear; ealyx-lobes triangular, acute ; corolla purplish, 3-4” long. See page 262. * * Leaves sessile, entire, the lower usually opposite; flowers loosely eymose or scattered ; calyx rounded at base, nearly 5-parted ; seed-coat without spiricles. 4. C. Gractiis, Dougl. Low, spreading; leaves oval to linear; calyx-lobes subulate-linear ; corolla purplish, 5’ long. See page 262. * * * Leaves pinnately divided, incised or 3-5-parted, the lower petioled, alternate ; calyx obtuse at base ; corolla purplish, slender, 5-6’ long, 2-3 times exceeding the calyx; seed spiricles beneath a delicate epidermis. 5. C. Giiroiwes, Benth. 4-2° high; leaves nearly simply divided; flowers loose or scattered; calyx deeply cleft with linear-subulate lobes; cells 1-2-ovuled ; capsule globular.—W. California. APPENDIX. 465 6. C. HETEROPHYLLA, Hook. Low, diffuse; leaves mostly bipinnatifid, the uppermost less cut or even entire ; flowers subcapitate or clustered ; calyx-lobes shorter, ovate-lanceolate ; stamens very une- qually inserted ; cells 2-3-ovuled ; capsule ellipsoidal_—British Columbia to California. § 2. PHLOGANTHEA, Gray. Ovules numerous (6-12) in each cell; filaments unequal and unequally inserted, sometimes a little declined; leaves or their lobes narow-linear, entire; flowers in a thyrse or scattered ; seeds with spiricles. Annual or biennial, slightly if at all viscid. * Cauline leaves very numerous, alternate, pinnately parted with 3-7 entire narrow-linear or subfili- form segments; corolla salyerform, the tube narrow. 7. C. CAVANILLESIANA, Don. Biennial or perhaps perennial, more or less pubescent, virgately branched, leafy; flower-clusters small, in a narrow leafy thyrsus; corolla 4 long, the tube a little ex- panded, 2-3 times exceeding the calyx, lobes oblong; anthers round; cells 5-7-ovuled.—W. Texas to Ari- zona and Mexico. ~ 8. C. THURBERI, Gray. Like the last but minutely pubescent, inflorescence more spicate; corolla- tube over 1’ long, and 3-4 times exceeding its orbicular lobes and the calyx; anthers short-oblong; cells 3-9-ovuled.—New Mexico. 9. C. LoNGIFLORA, Gray. Annual, glabrous, loosely paniculate-branched, 1-2° high; peduncles 1-flowered, loosely subcorymbose ; calyx-lubes shorter than the tube; corolla white, the tube often 1}’ long, not dilated; lobes rounded or obovate: anthers oblong; cells 10-12-ovuled.—W. Nebraska to Texas and Arizona. * * Leaves entire, scattered; corolla funnelform. 10. C. LEPTALEA, Gray. Annual, low, glabrous or nearly so, effusely paniculate-branched ; pedicels scattered, 1-flowered, slender; corolla }/ long; cells 6-ovuled. See page 262 and Plate XXV. GILIA. Series I. Leaves sessile, palmately divided (rarely entire) with narrow entire segments, opposite or the uppermost and rameal ones sometimes alternate, (in § 5 nearly all alternate ;) seed-coat without spiricles, usually mucilaginous. §§ 1-5. § 1. DACTYLOPHYLLUM, Gray. Corolla campanulate, nearly rotate, or short-funnelform, with obovate lobes; filaments slender; anthers oval; ovules usually numerous in each cell and the seeds more or less mucilaginous. Low or slender annuals, with scattered flowers and mostly op- posite leaves, * Flowers short-pedicelled or subsessile in the forks, somewhat crowded ; corolla: campanulate, the lobes entire; leaves mostly 3-parted. 1. G. Demissa, Gray. 2-3/ high, divaricately much-branched, glabrous or slightly hairy; leaflets acerose; calyx nearly 5-parted, with unequal lance-subulate scarious-margined segments, the longer often leaf-like lobes equaling the white (3” long) corolla; stamens included, inserted at the base of the corolla; cells 6-7-ovuled.—S. E. California; W. Arizona. * * Flowers loose or scattered, pedicels mostly capillary ; ccrolla subrotate or short-funnelform, its lobes entire; leaves 3-7-parted, often alternate above, minutely scabrous or hirsute or subglab- rous, the lobes mostly nearly filiform. 2. G. LINIFLoRA, Benth. 6-18! high ; corolla white, rotate, nearly 5-parted ; filaments pubescent at base; cells 6-8-ovuled. See page 262. 3. G. PUSILLA, Benth. 2-6' high; corolla purplish or white, short-funnelform, the lobes equaling or exceeding the throat and tube; filaments nearly glabrous; cells 3-5-ovuled. See page 262. 4. G. BoLanpert, Gray. Like the last; corolla purplish, 3-4” long, the narrow tube rather exceed- ing the very short throat and nearly oblong lobes and nearly equaling the cylindric calyx-tube; cells 2-5-ovuled ; pedicels sometimes 14’ long.—N. W. California. 5. G. aurna, Nutt. 2-4’ high; leaflets navrow-linear, hardly 3’ long; pedicels rather short, subey- mose}; corolla mostly yellow, open funnelform, 4-6’ broad, the rounded-obovate spreading lobes about equaling the throat and'very short tube; filaments inserted near the sinuses, glabrous; cells about 10- ovuled.—New Mexico to Southern and Middle California. * * * Flowers solitary or 2-3 together terminating the branches, on shortish pedicels; corolla broadly short-funnelform, the lobes fringe-toothed or erose; leaves entire, opposite, narrow-linear. 6. G. DIANTHIOIDES, Endl. 2-5, high, branching; corolla 3-1’ long, lilac or purplish; filaments glab- rous, inserted near the base; cells 12-20-ovyuled.—S. California. Varying greatly in the size and hue of the flowers and denticulation of the lobes. 59 466 BOTANY. § 2. LINANTHUS, Endl. Corolla salyerform, the tube about equaling the cylindric calyx-tube, the broad euneate-obovate lobes usually minutely erose ; stamens included ; filaments slender, inserted near the middle of the tube; capsule cylindric or oblong; cells 20-40-ovuled. Erect, slender, glabrous annuals ; leaves opposite, filiform, 3-5-divided or sometimes simple ; flowers white, sub- sessile, terminal and in the forks; calyx scarious except the elongated acerose-linear ribs. 7. G. picnotoma, Benth. Corolla-lobes }-1' long; anthers linear; seeds with a white finely reticu- lated non-mucilaginous coat.—California. 8. G. Brartovu, Gray. Corolla-lobes 2” long, hardly exceeding the calyx; anthers oval, seed-coat close, mucilaginous. See page 263 and Plate XXY. § 3. LEPTOSIPHON, Endl. Corolla salverform with usually a long filiform tube and very short more or less cup-shaped throat, in which the stamens are inserted; anthers short ; ovules 6-16 in each cell. Low or slender annuals, with opposite narrow leayes and showy flowers in crowded bracteate clusters. * Hairy, leafy-stemmed ; leaves palmately 5-7-parted, with linear-filiform lobes, commonly fascicled in the axils; corolla-lobes entire, exceeding the slender more or less exserted filaments; cells 6-10-ovuled. (a.) Corolla large, the tube scarcely exceeding the obovate lobes and rarely the villous-hirsute bracts. 9, G. DENSIFLORA, Benth. 1-2° high; leaflets numerous, subrigid; corolla-limb 1’ in diameter, lilac or nearly white; anthers nearly included.—W. California. (b.) Small and more slender, the filiform corolla-tube 3-6 times exceeding the oval or ovate (14-4' long) lobes. (Species difficult of definition. ) 10. G. ANDROSACEA, Steud. Corolla-tube 1/ long or less, much exserted and thrice longer than the lobes ; bracts hirsute or villous-ciliate. See page 263. 11. G. micrantua, Stend. Corolla-tube extremely slender, #-14’ long, 4-6 times exceeding its (2-3” long) lobes; bract and floral leaves softly pubescent. See page 264, 12. G. TENELLA, Benth. Small, mostly depressed, corolla-tube less slender, 6-9" long, lobes 13” long; bracts and leaves rather hispid-ciliate—Puget Sound to 8. California. 13. G. ciara, Benth. More rigid, rough ; corolla-tube 6-7” long, searecly exserted ; lobes 13” long; bracts and leaves very hirsute-ciliate ; calyx-lobes acerose. See page 264. * * Entire-leaved, glabrous, dwarf; corolla-lobes cuneate, undulate-toothed or 1-3-dentate at the broad apex; anthers sessile, included in the throat; cells 10-16-ovuled. 14. G. NUDICAULIS, Gray. 1-4’ high; stem naked, the capitate flowers bracteate with several ovate- lanceolate or lanceolate leaves ; corolla-tube 3-4’ long, the lobes 2-3” long. See page 264. § 4, SIPHONELLA, Gray. Like Zeptosiphon, but the corolla-tube not exceeding the narrow calyx, the throat more funnelform, the cells few-ovuled, and the flowers less crowded. Perennials, some- times woody at base, soft-puberulent ; calyx firm, becoming 5-parted, the lance-subulate lobes with thickish margins, the sinuses not membranous nor scarious ; corolla nearly white, the tube puber- ulent, lobes obovate ; filaments short, subexserted; anthers oval-oblong. 2 15. G. Nurrattu, Gray. Stems numerous, slender, 6-12’ high; leaves 3-7-parted, narrow linear, mucronate, usually shorter than the internodes; flowers in leafy clusters; ovules in pairs. See page 264 and Plate XXYV. 16. G. FLonrBUNDA, Gray. 1° high or more; base more shrubby; leaflets nearly acicular, usually equaling the internodes; flowers in a rather loose corymbose cyme, sometimes pedicelled ; cells 4-ovuled.— 8. California and Arizona. § 5. LEPTODACTYLON, Benth. Corolla salverform, the tube at length exceeding the calyx, the throat somewhat funnelform; anthers short, on short filaments inserted near the throat, included ; ovules numerous; seed-coat close, without mucilage or spiricles. Tufted leafy suffrutescent peren- nials; leaves alternate or opposite, fascicled in the axils, palmately 3-7-parted, the entire segments and the calyx-lobes acerose or subulate, pungent; flowers sessile, solitary upon the short branch- lets or in few-flowered terminal clusters. * Leaves opposite ; stems short, herbaceous. 17. G. Warsont, Gray. 4-6' high; leaves not much fascicled; corolla-tube and lobe each 3’ long ; cells 10-ovyuled. See page 265 and Plate XXVI. * * Leaves alternate, more rigid, thickly fascicled in the axils; stems woody. 18. G. Cattrornica, Benth, Leaves yery close, becoming widely spreading, and with the branches APPENDIX. 467 at first loosely tomentose-pubescent or villous; corollalimb 13/ in diameter; lobes broad, often sub-erose anthers linear-oblong, included ; cells 20-ovuled or more.—California. 19. G. PUNGENS, Benth. Viscid-pubescent, puberulent or glabrate eaves mostly suberect or strict : corolla-lobes usually narrower and but half as long; anthers in the throat, oblong; cells 8-10-ovuled.— Very variable. See page 265. Series I. Leaves alternate and pinnately divided, lobed, or toothed, rarely entire and the lowest oc- casionally opposite. Filaments slender. Seed-coat developing mucilage and spiricles, (excepting Nos. 44, 47, 48, 57 and 58.) §§ 6-12. § 6. NAVARRETIA, Gray. Flowers in densely leafy-bracteate heads; lobes of the calyx and of the mostly multifid or nearly palmate bracts rigid and acerose-pungent or spinulose, sometimes lacini- ate or unequal ; corolla slender funnelform, lobes rather small, oblong; stamens inserted below the throat; anthers short; ovary sometimes dimerous. Low branching usually viscid annuals ; leaves 1-2-pinnately cleft or incised, the lobes usually subulate, pungent; seed-spiricles shorter than usual. * Some of the leaves and bracts more than once pinnatifid; corolla violet or whitish; stamens included, commonly unequal; cells 8-12-oyuled ; viscid and unpleasantly scented. 20. G. squarrosa, H. & A. Stontish, rigid, 1° or less high; upper leaves and bracts spinescent : corolla-tube hardly equaling the mostly entire calyx-lobes.—California, Oregon. * * Leaves somewhat 2-pinnatifid ; stamens exserted ; cells 1-4-ovuled. 21. G. COTULHFOLIA, Steud. Rigid, 5-12’ high, pubescent or glabrate below, minutely glandular above; leaves mostly bipinnately parted, the upper ones spinescent-lobed ; corolla blue or whitish, the tube hardly exceeding the sparsely villous calyx-lobe ; cells (often but two) 1- or rarely 2-ovuled.—Cali- fornia. 22. G. INTERTEXTA, Steud. Stem white-pubescent, 1-10’ high; leaves glabrous, except at base; base of bracts and the calyx-tube densely white-hairy ; corolla white, 4’ long; cells 3-4-ovuled and seeded. See page 266. 23. G. MINIMA, Gray. Smaller, 1’ high, white-pubescent ; leaves and bracts glabrous; calyx white- villous in the sinuses; corolla white, 14” long, shorter than the calyx-lobes; cells l-ovuled. See page 266. 24. G. BRewert, Gray. 1-6' high, glandular-puberulent throughout, without white hairs; heads less dense ; corolla yellow, 3-4’ long, equaling the entire calyx-lobes; cells 1-2-ovuled. See page 266. 25. G. LEUCOCEPHALA, Gray. Slender, 3-6’ high; top of the stem and of the thin calyx-tube white- hairy, otherwise glabrous; leaves soft, with filiform usually entire lobes, those of the bracts barely pun- gent ; head dense ; corolla white, 4’’ long, exceeding the calyx ; stamens exserted ; célls 2-ovuled.—Sacra- mento Basin. * * * Leaves and bracts 1-pinnatifid or incised, or subentire; calyx-lobes entire, except in G. visci- dula ; stamens more or less exserted ; corolla purple, rarely white or yellowish. (a.) Very slender, erect, 3-10” high ; branches divergent, subnaked ; leaves filiform or acicular, few- lobed; inner bracts subpalmately parted. 26. G. FILICAULIS, Torr. Very minutely glandular above ; branches effusely panicled ; leaves sparse, subsetaceous; flowers in small rather naked heads, 3” long, the slender tube long exceeding the lanceo- late-subulate scarcely pungent calyx-lobes; cells 1- (rarely 2-?) ovuled.—Central California. 27. G. prvaRricaTa, Torr. Diffuse or very open, somewhat viscidly pubescent above; leaf-lobes subulate-filiform, the upper leaves and bracts more rigid and pungent; corolla 3-5” long, the more fun- nelform tube slightly exceeding the sctaceous-subulate pungent calyx-lobes; cells 5-7-ovuled.—Central California. (b.) Stouter, viscid, erect, 2-8’ high; leaves rigid, the bracts at least dilated at base, often carti- laginous, the lobes spinescent; heads dense. 28. G. viscrpuLa, Gray. Cauline leaves mostly slender, with setaceous subulate lobes, the bracts broader and more spiny, the teeth ascending; corolla 4-6” long, twice exceeding the lanceolate-subulate and sometimes incised calyx-lobes; cells 1-4-ovuled.—California. 29, G. ATRACTYLOIDES, Steud. Very viscid-puberulent and rigid; leaflets divaricate and subulate- spiny, seldom longer than the breadth of the rachis; corolla about twice longer than subulate calyx- lobes.—S. California. (c.) Depressed, scarcely viscid; the rigid leaves (6-9 long) more or less dilated upward, the teeth and the calyx-lobes tipped with long bristles; flowers scarcely clustered, not capitate. 30. G. sETosissimA, Gray. Leaves narrowly cuneate; corolla 6-9 long, much exserted ; anthers oblong; capsule oblong ; cells 6-10-ovuled, (Gray.)—An ovary from Dr. Newberry’s original specimens has the cells 6-ovuled. Dr. Palmer’s mature plants have the cells 2-3 seeded. See page 267. 468 BOTANY. 31. G. Scnorti, 8. Watson. (Navarvetia, Torr.) Leaves linear, scarcely dilated above, corolla 5” long, tube not exserted; anthers subronnded, smaller; capsule ovate, cells 4-6-seeded, (3-5 ovuled, Gray.)— Referred to the last by Dr. Gray as Var. Ex1GuA. See page 267. § 7. HYGELIA, Gray. Flowers capitate-clustered, the base of the numerons 3-5-cleft leafy bracts and the calyx densely clothed with white wooi, the lobes acerose or subulate, cuspidate ; corolla salvertorm, blue or whitish, tube slender, lobes usually oblong; anthers exserted, mostly linear- sagittate ; ovules very variable—Herbage more or less floccose-woolly, not viscid nor glandular ; leaves simply pinnately parted or some of them entire, acerose or subulate-filiform. * Root perennial; stem rigid; anthers linear-sagittate. 32. G. DENSIFOLIA, Benth. Stems 6-12’ high, simple or sparingly branched, leafy to the top, with 1-few heads; leaves rigid, mostly short-lobed; corolla-tube 4’ long, 2-3 times exceeding the calyx.— S. California. ; * * Annual, the stems at length paniculate-branched, slender; leaves or their mostly few segments filiform. 33. G. vinGATA, Steud. Commonly strict and at first simple, 6-12’ high; lower leaves mostly entire ; corolla-tube at length usually exsert, the lobes 3” long; anthers linear-sagittate, 1’ long; cells 2-3- ovuled.—California. 34. G. rLoccosa, Gray. More slender, becoming diffusely panicled; heads and flowers smaller; anthers linear-oblong, hardly over 4" long; cells usually 1-2-ovuled. See page 267. 35. G. ritivroLta, Natt. Slender, rather rigid ; leaves mostly 3-parted ; flowers still smaller, the lobes 1-2” long and tube scarcely exsert ; anthers oval, 4-4” long; cells usually 4-6-ovuled. See page 267. § 8 ELAPHOCERA, Nutt. Flowers in crowded bracteate heads, or rarely rather loose and cym- ose; corolla white or purplish, salverform, the tube seldom much exceeding the cuspidate or awned, not pungent calyx-lobes ; stamens inserted in or near the sinuses, shorter than the oval or oblong corolla-lobes. Low or dwarf annuals, biennials or short-lived perennials, more or less woolly- pubescent; calyx and bracts mostly pubescent or ciliate with long rather viscid jointed hairs. * Leaves entire, acerose-subulate or filiform; flowers crowded ; filaments slender, exserted. 36. G. Wricuri, Gray. Stems 1° high, rigid, virgate, woody at base, leafy throughout; leaves rigid, cuspidate-mucronate ; bracts broad-lanceolate, the larger ones sublaciniate, awned-cuspidate as are the subulate calyx-lobes, ciliate; corolla-tube 4” long, twice exceeding the oblong lobes; cells 3-4- ovuled.—W. Texas. 37. G. Gunnison}, T. & G. Annual, slender, loosely paniculate; leaves scattered, linear-filiform ; calyx-lobes and entire bracts short and short-cuspidate; flowers in small heads terminating slender branchlets. See page 268. * * Leaves mostly pinnatcly parted, sometimes all entire ; segments few, narrow-linear: filaments shorter than the corolla-lobes; corolla-tube searcely at length exceeding the calyx: flowers closely capitate-clustered. Biennial or perennial, the simple or clustered stems hardened at base. 38. G. sprcaTaA, Nutt. Rather stout, erect, 4-10’ high; flower-clusters crowded into an interrupted leafy virgate spike, or in a single thick head, (Var. CaAPrTaTA ;) leaves sub-3-cleft or often all entire, and with the calyx-lobes barely if at all mucronate; corolla-lobes shorter than the scarcely exserted tube; anthers subsessile ; cells 4-6-ovnled.—Colorado. 39. G. concesta, Hook. Stems erect, diffuse, or depressed, with single or few and corymbose close heads; leaves with 3-7 mucronate lobes or entire; calyx-lobes usually short-awned, equaling the corolla- tube; filaments equaling or exceeding the anthers; cells 2-4-ovuled. See page 268. 40. G. 1peRrpIFOLIA, Benth. Leaves more rigid, calyx-lobes and bracts more strongly cuspidate ; heads looser, corymbose ; filaments shorter; ovules solitary.—Nebraska and Wyoming. * * * Leaves pinnatifid, trifid or subentire ; flowers leafy-bracted, cymulose-glomerate or at length loose; calyx and bracts awned-cuspidate. Low branching annuals. 41. G. pumina, Nutt. Stem somewhat loose: woolly, leafy; divisions of the leaves narrow-linear ; corolla-tube twice exceeding the calyx; filaments slender; cells about 6-ovuled. See page 268. 42. G. POLYCLADON, Torr. Stems puberulent or subpubescent, few-leaved ; leaf-segments short, oblong; corolla-tube hardly exceeding the calyx; filaments very short; cells 2-ovuled. See page 268. § 9. Iromopsts, Benth. Thyrsoid-panicled, the bracts small or none; corolla (scarlet or orange) tubular-funnelform, the tube greatly exceeding the subulate calyx-lobes and the spreading ovate or lanceolate lobes of the limb; stamens inserted in the throat or below the sinuses, shorter than the corolla; ovules numerous. Biennials, smoothish or a little hairy ; leaves simply pinnatifid. * Tall, leafy-stemmed ; leaves pinnately parted, the segments filiform or narrow-linear. 43. G. CORONOPIFOLIA, Pers. Glabrous or nearly so, 2-6° high, very leafy ; leaflets and rachis nearly APPENDIX. 469 filiform, acute and mucronate; flowers very many, in a virgate compact thfrsus; calyx-lobes setaceous- subulate; corolla 1-1} long, the ovate leaves moderately spreading ; seed-coat loose, reticulate-cellular, without mucilage or spiricles.—S. Carolina and Florida to Arkansas and W. Texas. 44. G. AGGREGATA, Spreng. Somewhat pubescent, less leafy, often loosely branching and paniculate ; leaf-segments narrow-linear, mostly bluntish; calyx commonly glandular, with subulate lobes; corolla- lobes spreading or recurved. See page 269. * * Leaves chiefly at the base, barely pinnatifid-incised ; about 1° high. 45 G. SUBNUDA, Torr. Glandular-puberulent, loosely panicled; flowers rather crowded ; corolla- tube }/ long ; anthers included on very short filaments. See page 269. § 10. GILIANDRA, Gray. Thyrsoid-panicled and resembling § Ipomopsis, but the white or bluish corolla salverform, the tube about twice longer than the calyx and little exceeding the obovate lobes; filaments exserted beyond the corolla; anthers ovate; cells 6-8-ovuled; seeds without mucilage or spiricles. Glandular-puberulent biennials, with simply pinnatifid leaves and rather small flowers. 46. G. STENOTHYRSA, Gray. Stem stout, simple, very leafy, with a virgate thyrsus; leaf-lobes short, oblong, the floral leaves small and entire; corolla 4’ long, white. See page 269. 47. G. PINNATIFIDA, Nutt. 9-18’ high, glabrate below; leaf-segments linear or narrow-oblong, sometimes 1-2-lobed; panicle compound, loosely branched; bracts linear or subulate, few ; corolla blue or purplish, the tube and lobes each usually 2’ long; stamens 3” long.—Northern New Mexico, Colorado, and to 8. Idaho. § 11. MICROGILIA, Benth. Flowers very small, scattered along the slender branches in loose spikes or panicles; calyx short-campanulate, 5-toothed; corolla white, salverform, the tube a little exserted and slightly exceeding the lobes; stamens inserted on the tube, included ; anthers very short; ovules solitary. Much-branched subglabrous annuals, with small filiform or slender subulate leaves.entire or the cauline 3-parted. 48. G. MINUTIVLORA, Benth. Glabrous or glandular-puberulent above, 1-2° high, rather rigid; upper leaves reduced to minute scattered bracts; flowers terminal or often spicate along the strict branchlets; calyx-teeth short, ovate-subulate, half as long as the narrow tube of the (scarcely 2’ long) corolla; filaments slender; capsule ellipsoidal, 2’ long; seed oblong.—Colorado and Central Oregon. 49. G. TENERRIMA, Gray. 14° high, glabrous; flowers loosely panicled, scattered on the slender branchlets; leaves entire; calyx-teeth ovate, nearly equaling the globose capsules; seed ovoid. See page 270. § 12. EUGILIA, Benth. Flowers panicled, capitate-clustered or more frequetitly scattered ; bracts small ornone; corolla purple, blue or white, funnelform, or nearly campannlate or rotate; fila- ments slender, in or near the sinuses, rarely exceeding the corolla; cells few-many-ovuled. Mostly annuals, with incised or 2-3-pinnately divided leaves. * Flowers in a long-peduncled head-like cyme; corolla mostly blue, funnelform, its tubes equaling the lobes and not exserted; stamens at the sinuses; ovules rather numerous. Erect annuals, 1-3° high; leaves 2-3-pinnately divided, the segments very narrow. 50. G. caprrata, Dougl. Slightly pubescent or nearly glabrous, as is usually the calyx; corolla-lobes linear-lanceolate, nearly equaling the slightly dilated tube.—Oregon and California. 51. G. ACHILLY FOLIA, Benth. Glabrous with slight deciduous wool, or glandular; flowers larger ; calyx more or less woolly, the lobes short-mucronate; corolla-lobes obovate or. broad-oblong, the throat abruptly and widely dilated.—California. ; * * Plowers rather crowded or in the latter species loosely panicled or scattered ; corolla funnel- form, with a more or less dilated throat ; stamens inserted at or near the sinuses; ovules many: Low sometimes diffuse annuals, pubescent or glabrate ; mostly Californian. 52. G. MULTICAULIS, Benth. Leaves mostly bipinnatifid with narrow-linear segments; flowers clus- tered, (often solitary in Var. TENERA,) terminating a slender peduncle, subsessile ; calyx viscid, the tube twice longer than the teeth; corolla violet, the proper tube shorter than the calyx, the obovate or ovate lobes not exceeding the funnelform throat; capsule ovoid. 53. G. TRICOLOR, Benth. Diffuse; leaves 2-3-pinnatifid with linear or nearly filiform segments; flowers corymbed or clustered on rather short terminal peduncles, the pedicels shorter than the viscid- puberulent or rarely glabrous calyx; corolla-tube very short, the ample campanulate-funnelform throat yellow or orange below and deep-purple above, the roundish lilac or violet lobes exceeding the stamens. 54, G. TENUIFLORA, Benth. Slender; lowest leaves bipinnately parted or incised with short seg- ments, or sometimes simply pinnatifid; flowers loosely panicled on slender pedicels; corolla purple or 470 BOTANY. pink, 7-9’ long, long-funnelform, 4-5 times exceeding the calyx, the proper tube usually much exserted, the broad obovate lobes exceeding the stamens.—S. California. 55. G. rvconsricua, Dougl. Lowest leaves 1-2-pinnatifid; flowers becoming loosely panicled or scattered, on slender pedicels ; corolla purplish, 2-3 times exceeding the calyx, not exserted or slightly s0, the lobes mostly exceeding the stamens. See page 270. * * * Flowers minute, very loosely panicled, on slender pedicels; corolla whitish, narrow-funnel- form or subcampanulate; stamens inserted nearly at the sinuses, shorter than the lobes; ovules many; the close seed-coat without mucilage or spiricles. Low diffusely much-branched annuals, with the radical leaves simply pinnatifid or incised. 56. G. LEPTOMERIA, Gray. Obscurely glandular; radical leaves slightly pinnatifid, the upper mostly linear and entire; flowers numerous; corolla slender-funnelform, the tube becoming twice longer than the calyx. See page 270, and Plate XXVI. 57 G. Micromerta, Gray. Lower leaves with oblong obtuse divaricate lobes, the upper linear, entire; pedicels long and capillary, scattered; corolla oblong-campanulate, 1” long, little exceeding the calyx. See page 271, and Plate XXVI. * * * * Flowers scattered, on slender pedicels, rather large ; corolla blue or white, campanulate or rotate; anthers usually oblong; calyx-lobes lanceolate-subulate, exceeding the tube. Low or slender, diffuse. 58. G. CAMPANULATA, Gray. Annual, 2-3/ high; lower leaves lanceolate, sparingly toothed, above linear-lanceolate and sometimes entire; corolla campanulate, moderately 5-lobed, the included stamens inserted at the base. See page 271, and Plate XXVI. 59. G. iNcIsA, Benth. Annual, minutely puberulent or glabrous, slender, 1-2° high, effusely pan- icled; lower leaves Jyrate, the upper narrower and incised or toothed, on the branchlets nearly linear and entire; pedicels filiform, rigid ; corolla rotate, almost 5-parted, the slender filaments inserted nearly in the sinuses; cells many-ovuled.—E. Texas to Mexico. 60. G. RIGIDULA, Benth. Perennial, glabrous or viscid-glandular, diffusely branched, a span high ; leaves pinnately or the upper nearly palmately parted, the lobes lanceolate, linear or slender-subulate ; corolla 9-16" broad, blue, rotate, 5-parted, with broad obovate lobes ; filaments slender, inserted in the sinuses; anthers linear or elongated-oblong ; cells several-ovuled.—Texas to Arizona and Mexico. POLEMONIUM. § 1. Corolla funnelform, exceeding the calyx, the tube usually elongated ; filaments barely hairy and searcely dilated at base. Viscid-glandular musk-scented dwarf perennials, with creeping root- stocks and very small and numerous crowded leaflets. S : 1. P. conrertUM, Gray. Tufted; leaflets 3-5-cleft, segments round-oval to linear-oblong ; flowers clustered, nodding, looser in fruit; calyx-tube twice longer than the narrow-lobes ; corolla-tube exceed- ing the calyx and 2-4 times longer than its own rounded lobes. See page 271. 2. P. viscosum, Nutt. More dwarf; leaflets entire, ovate or rounded, 14 long; flowers looser, subcorymbed ; calyx subecampanulate, lobes broadish, equaling the tube ; corolla-tube equaling the calyx, not exceeding its own lobes.—N. Colorado, (Nuttall.) § 2. Corolla rotate-campanulate, moderately exceeding the calyx; filaments dilated at base. Per- ennials, with laxer infloresence ; leaflets entire, the upper often confluent. 3. P. c#ruLeum, L. 1-3° high, leafy; flowers numerous; calyx cleft to the middle; stamens or style usually exsert ; cells 7-12-ovuled, several-seeded. See page 272. 4. P. HumILE, Willd. Pubescent, mostly glandular; stems a span high, 1-2-leaved; flowers few, subcorymbed, rather long-pedicelled; calyx cleft beyond the middle; cells 2-4-ovuled, 1-2-seeded.— Arctic America and Alaska, and southward in the mountains to Colorado and California. 5. P. reprans, L. Nearly glabrous, not viscid, 1° high, branching, leafy; leaflets 5-13 ; flowers few corymbed, nodding ; calyx-lobes shorter than the tube; cells about 3-ovuled, usually 1-seeded.—N. York to Alabama and west to the plains. § 3. Corolla nearly rotate, shorter than the calyx; filaments dilated at base, very sparingly pilose- ciliate. A low annual; leaflets entire. 6. P. MickanTHUM, Benth. Somewhat viscid-pubescent, diffusely branched, small and decumbent ; leaflets 5-13; flowers scattered or solitary, white; calyx deeply 5-cleft ; cells 2-3-ovuled. See page 272. APPENDIX. 471 CUSCUTA. The following species belonging to this genus have been found within the limits of the United States and are here arranged and distinguished nearly as by Dr. GrorGr ENGELMANN in his revision of the genus, published in the Transactions of the Academy of Svience of St. Louis, Vol. I., pp. 453-523, (1859. ) § 1. EUGRAMMICA, Eng. Styles unequal, capillary; capsule bursting transversely, more or less regularly. Stems filiform or capillary. * Calyx- and corolla-lobes ovate, obtuse ; flowers short; capsule irregularly circumscissile. 1. C. APPLANATA, Eng. Flowers 1-1}” long, short-pedicelled or subsessile in dense often continuous clusters ; lobes of the campanulate calyx equaling the broad campanuilate corolla-tube and the spreading at iengeh reflexed. corolla-lobes ; anthers oblong, equaling the short subulate filaments; scales large, wayy-laciniate, incurved ; styles exserted ; capsule depressed, 1” in diameter, surrounded by the corolla; seeds strongly reticulate.—Arizona. * * Calyx- and corolla-lobes acute; flowers larger; capsule almost always regularly circum- scissile. . 2. C. ODONTOLEPIS, Eng. Flowers 2} long, short-pedicelled, bracted, in at last large crowded clus- ters; calyx short-campanulate, deeply parted, the ovate-triangular lobes about equaling the deeply cam- ~ panulate corolla; corolla-lobes ovate-lanceolate, spreading or reflexed, shorter than the tube; anthers ovate, equaling the short subulate filaments; scales broad-ovate, adnate to the middle, nearly reaching to the throat, coarsely dentate above ; style exserted ; ovary depressed-globose ; capsule globose, hooded by the corolla; seeds oval, verrucose.—Arizona. Resembling C. subinclusa. 3. C. UMBELLATA, HBK. Flowers 1-2” long, pedicelled, in loose compound fasciculate cymes: calyx broad-campanulate, with triangular lobes; corolla-lobes narrow-lanceolate, longer than the tube, spread- ing or reflexed ; scales broad-oval, exceeding the tube, ineurved ; capsule small, thin, depressed, almost 4-lobed, sometimes irregularly bursting; seeds triangular, oblique: —W. Texas est Indian Territory to Arizona and Mexico. 4. C. LEPTANTHA, Eng. F lowers 4-parted, slender, 2-2}” long, on filiform umbellately-fascicled ped- icels; bracts ovate-acuminate; calyx globose-campanulate, granulate-hisgid, the triangular lobes and the lanceolate erect-spreading corolla-lobes much shorter than the corolla-tube ; anthers ovate, shorter than the filiform filaments; scales ovate, dentate-fimbriate, much shorter than the tube; ovary globose ; styles at length exserted; capsule hooded with the slightly hispid corolla-tube; seeds globose-triangu- lar.—W. Texas. § 2. CLISTOGRAMMICA, Eng. Styles unequal, cylindric; capsule baccate, never opening at base. * Flowers pedicelled ; sepals united; ovary and capsule globose-compressed, with walls of uniform thickness. (a.) Flowers in simple or compound subglobose cymes; style usually short and thick; withered corolla remaining at the base of the capsule. 5. C. oprusirLora, HBK. Stems bright orange-color ; inflorescence loose; ealyx- and corolla-lobes obtuse, those of the corolla usually equaling the tube and soon reflexed; styles at last subulate ; capsule large, depressed, almost naked, 4-seeded. Var. GLANDULOSA, Eng. Scales at least equaling the eorolla- tube, deeply fringed, incurved; all parts of the flower dotted with red shining glands.—Florida and Georgia to W. Texas. : 6. C. cHtorocarPa, Eng. Resembling the last; lobes acute; flowers 1’ long, usually 4-parted, not glandular ; scales small or wanting ; capsule greenish-yellow.—Delaware ; Illinois and Wisconsin to the Indian Territory. 7. C. ARVENSIS, Beyr. Flowers smaller, in more compound clusters; lobes of the calyx very obtuse, of the corolla acute, exceeding the tube, reflexed and the point inflexed ; scales large, deeply fimbriate ; styles rather slender—Calyx quite variable. Virginia to Florida, and from Illinois and the Saskatchewan to Texas and New Mexico; Oregon. (b.) Flowers in branching paniculate cymes; styles capillary, at least equaling the ovary ; corolla enwrapping or capping the ripe capsule. 8. C. TENUIFLORA, Eng. Flowers short- pedicelled, 1 long or less, mostly 4- often 3-parted ; lobes all obtuse, much shorter than the slender corolla-tube ; ; scales ovate or spatulate; capsule globose, hooded. See page 273. The southwestern form has rather larger flowers and capsules. 9, C. CatirorNica, Chois. Flowers 1-2} long, on slender pedicels, loosely panicled ; lobes all nar- 472 BOTANY. rower, acute or acuminate, erect or spreading; scales wanting or more or less developed ; capsule envel- oped in the corolla.—Quite variable. See page 273. * * Sepals united; ovary and capsule with the walls thickened above, more or less conic. (a.) Flowers subsessile, paniculate-glomerate ; withered corolla capping the 1-2-seeded capsule. 10. C. suptnctusa, Dur. & Hilg. Flowers 2-3” long, forming large clusters; calyx deeply cleft, the lobes acutish, imbricate ; corolla-lobes ovate, acute, shorter than the slender tube; scales oblong, deeply fringed ; styles slender; ovary 2-pointed ; capsule oval.—S. and Central California. (v.) Flowers pedicelled, in rather loose paniculate cymes, often becoming crowded; corolla-lobes acute or rarely obtuse, inflexed; styles unequal; capsule enveloped in the corolla. 11. C. pecora, Chois. Flowers 1” long or more, white, often papillose ; calyx-lobes ovate or lanceo- late, acute; corolla-lobes ovate-lanceolate; scales large, broad-oval; styles usually stout.—Variable. Florida and from Illinois to Texas. the Indian Territory, New Mexico and Sonora. 12. C. InrLExXa, Eng. Flowers 1” long, like the last but with deeper subcylindric mostly 4-parted corollas, at last only capping the capsule; lobes erect; scales minute; styles divaricate.—Virginia to Georgia; Illinois to Arkansas, Kansas and the Upper Missouri. (c.) Inflorescence as in the last; corolla-lobes obtuse, not incurved; withered corolla surrounding the base of the capsule. 13. C. Gronovu, Willd. Flowers 1}-1}” long; corolla-tube deeply campanulate, lobes flat, spread- ing; scales large, oval, much fringed.—Variable. Canada to Florida and west to Missouri, Arkansas and Texas. Var. (?) curra, Eng. With very short bifid or truncate appressed scales; corolla capping the large oval capsule.—N. W. America. 14. C. nosrrata, Shutt. Near the last; flowers 2-3” long, wider; scales rather small, deeply fringed ; ovary elongated, bottle-shaped ; capsule, with the elongated 2-pointed beak, 23-3” long.— Mary- land to S. Carolina. * * * Sepals free, similar to the surrounding sterile bracts, imbricate ; ovary and capsule more or less conic, thickened and fleshy at the apex; capsule capped with the corolla. (a.) Flowers pedicelled, loosely panicled. 15. C. cusprpata, Eng. Flowers about 2” long; upper bracts and the sepals ovate or orbicular, cus- pidate or obtuse.—From Texas and New Mesico to the Platte, (b.) Flowers closely sessile, crowded in compact often continuous clusters. 16. C. squamata, Eng. Stems filiform, orange-yellow ; clusters 2-12-flowered; flowers 24’ long ; the 2-5 membranous bracts broad-ovate, cuspidate, appressed ; sepals longer, more obtuse; scales ovate, fimbriate; styles capillary, exserted ; capsule ovate, apiculate, 1-2-seeded.—W. Texas. 17. C. Gtomerara, Chois. Clusters in two parallel continuous spiral lines, 6-10” thick; flowers 23-3” long, often sterile; bracts numerous, squarrose ; corolla-lobes obtuse.—l’rom Ohio to Kansas and southward to W. Texas; mostly on Composite. 18. C. compacta, Juss. Mostly on shrubs; fruiting clusters often 1-2! in diameter; bracts (3-5) and sepals appressed, orbicular.—From N. New York to Georgia and Alabama, and the Var. ADPRESSA west- ward to Missouri and Texas. § 3. MONOGYNELLA, Eng. Styles united nearly to the apex, (or entirely,) thick and compressed ; stigmas capitate; anthers sessile, (or nearly so;) capsule regularly circumscissile, usually 2-seeded.— Stems thick, growing on woody plants; flowers sessile or short-pedicelled, bracteate, spicate-pani- cled; capsule capped with the withered corolla. 19. C. exaLTaTs, Eng. Lobes of the globose calyx nearly distinct, orbicular, concave, imbricate, verrucose in the middle, equaling the cylindric corolla-tube; corolla-lobes orbicular, imbricate, much shorter than the tube, erect or subspreading; anthers cordate-orbicular; scales 2-parted, dentate, short.— nu Flowers 2” long; capsule 3-5’ long; seeds 14” long or more. W. Texas and Mexico. LYCIUM. The North American species, as arranged by Dr. Gray in the Proc. Amer. Acad., Vol. VI, pp. 45-48, (1862,) with the addition of the more recent species. § 1. Flowers large; corolla funnelform-tubular, 9-10" long, greenish; calyx loosely campanulate, 5-cleft at least to the middle, with subfoliaceous spreading lobes; anthers deciduously mucronate. Glabrous. : APPENDIX. 473 1. L. PALLIDUM, Miers. See page 275. § 2. Flowers middle-sized but short, the corolla 6” long or less, the 4-5 lobes of the rotately expanded limb longer than the tube. Glabrous with fleshy leayes. 2. L. Carotintanum, Walt. From S. Carolina to the Rio Grande. Filaments very densely tomen- tose-bearded above the base. § 3. Flowers smaller, the corolla 2-6” long and the lobes (usually much) shorter than the tube. * Calyx deeply 5-cleft, the lobes equaling the tube and about half as long as the shortly 5-lobed nar- row corolla; pedicels mostly none or very short. Puberulent, spiny. 3. L. MACRODON, Gray. Younger branches pubescent; leaves glabrate, spatulate-oblanceolate, nerveless, fascicled, 2-4” long ; pedicels not over 13” long; lobes of the minutely viscid calyx narrowly linear, twice longer than tke shortly campanulate (1}// long) tube; corolla 6” long, narrow; anthers oval-oblong, scarcely exserted ; filaments slightly hirsute toward the base.—California, (Frémont.) 4, L. pUBERULUM, Gray. Much-branched, 2-4° high; spines numerous, slender; leaves obovate or oblong-spatulate, 4-8” long, 1-nerved beneath, fascicled, minutely pruinose-pubescent, as also the slender branchlets and calyx; flowers sessile ; calyx-lobes narrow-oblong, obtuse, 14/’ long, exceeding the sub- hemispherical tube ; corolla 43-5’ long, white with a greenish margin, pubescent within toward the base, the short ovate lobes recurved ; anthers cordate-globular; filaments glabrous.—W. Texas, (1609 Wright.) 5. L. Parmer, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8.292. Subpubescent, unarmed (?); branches slender; leaves narrow-spatulate, 6-8” long; flowers rather shortly pedicelled, tetramerous ; calyx-lobes lanceolate, ob- tusish, slightly exceeding the campanulate tube, at least one lobe a little the larger; corolla 5” long, a third longer than the calyx, the limb }/ wide, the broadly oval lobes puberulent-ciliolate, a little shorter than the tube ; anthers oblong; filaments very woolly at base.—Sonora, (Palmer.) 6. L. Cooprrt, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 388. Stems 2° high, branches stout ; spines very short ; leaves viscid-puberulent, spatulate, retuse, rather rigid, few-veined, 6-9" long with the petiole; calyx cylindric-campanulate, abruptly contracted into a pedicel of equal length, (3-4”,) viscid-pubescent, the oblong obtuse lobes equaling the tube and half-shorter than the funnelform (6” long) corolla ; corolla- lobes ovate, very much shorter than the tube; anthers oval, minutely mucronate ; filaments hairy at base.—S8. California. * * Calyx strongly 4-5-toothed, the lanceolate teeth a little shorter than the tube; pedicels shorter than the calyx or equaling it. Glabrous or nearly so, spinescent. 7. L. BrevirEs, Benth. Lower California; little known. Calyx scarcely 1” long, the teeth lanceo- late, acute; corolla 3-5” long. : 8. L. Ricnu, Gray. Leaves spatulate, 3-5’ long, minutely puberulent when young or nearly glab- rous ; flowers tetramerous; pedicels 1-2’ long; calyx campanulate, the broad-lanceolate acutish teeth about equaling the tube, somewhat recurved-spreading ; corolla 4’’ long, the tube glabrous within, twice longer than the calyx-tube and the oval naked lobes; filaments villous at base; anthers oblong.— California. * * * Calyx with 4-5 short or very short broad teeth, sometimes 2-3-labiately cleft. (a.) Subpuberulent ; filaments naked or scarcely hairy at base, not exceeding the corolla. 9. L. FrémontI, Gray. Leaves spatulate, 6-9’ long, finely puberulent, as also the pedicels and calyx; pedicels 3-7” (or sometimes but 2’) long; calyx cylindric, 2-3” long, the tube 4 times longer than the teeth; corolla tubular, 44-6” long, the tube 4 times longer than the 5 lobes, glabrous or slightly pu- bescent within.—S. California or 8. Nevada, (Frémont;) Arizona, ( Bigelow.) 10. L. ANDERSONH, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 388. Glabrous; flowers tetramerous; calyx short- campanulate, 14” long or less. See page 275. (b.) Glabrous; filaments hairy at base; fascicles of leaves from a usually woolly base. 11. L. Torreyi, Gray. Leaves lanceolate-spatulate, rather thick, 6-18" long; pedicels fascicled, 2-5” long; flowers pentamerous; corolla tubular-funnelform, 5-6’ long, blue or purple, 4 times longer than the campanulate subequally 5-toothed often tomentulose-ciliate calyx, the corolla-lobes also tomen- tose-ciliate.—From W. Texas to 8. California. 12. L. BARBINODUM, Miers. Leaves linear-spatulate, 6-12” long; pedicels 13’ long, equaling the calyx; flowers pentamerous ; corolla 3” long, campanulate above the narrow tube, 2-3 times longer than the usually cleft calyx, the short lobes sparingly hairy-ciliate——Mexico. 13. L. BERLANDIERI, Dunal. Leaves linear-spatulate or linear, narrowed at base, 4-7 ‘long 3 flowers mostly tetramerous; pedicels 13-3 long; corolla white, 3-3} long, funnelform with dilated throat, shortly 4-lobed or more deeply 4-cleft, 3-4 times exceeding the short sometimes cleft calyx; stamens and style usually exserted ; berries red.—S. W. Texas, N. E. Mexico and §. Arizona. 60 474 BOTANY. 14. L. parvirLoruM, Gray. Leaves linear-spatulate, 2-5 long; pedicels 1-1} long ; flowers tetra- merous; calyx equally 4-toothed or 2-3-cleft; corolla 2’ long, 2-3 times exceeding the calyx, the throat dilated, and lobes half-shorter than the tabe.—Arizona. NYCTAGINACEZ. The following conspectus of the N. American genera of the order is (with some additions) essentially as given by Dr. Gray in the Botany of the Mexican Boundary, pp. 172-175. The synopsis of the genus Abronia is the result of an examination of the collections of Drs. Gray and Torrey and Prof. Eaton. I. MIRABILE, Gray. Involucre calyx-shaped, of united bracts, 1-12-flowered. Stigma capitate, granulate. y * Fruit symmetrical, wingless; involucre 5-cleft. 1. MIRABILIS, L. Fruit smooth, not angled, scarcely or not at all ribbed, ovoid ; involucre herb- aceous, unchanged in fruit; stamens most usually 5. 2, OXYBAPHUS, L’Her. Fruit with 5 stout ribs, obovate or clavate; involucre enlarged in fruit, broad-rotate, scarious, reticulated ; stamens most usually 3. * * Fruit smooth, sometimes furrowed, with winged rigid mostly dentate inflexed margins, with a double line of stipitate tubercles between ; involucre 3-parted, 3-flowered, not scarious-dilated in fruit. 3. ALLIONIA, L. The only species, A. iscarnara, L.,is found in W. Texas and westward along the Mexican boundary to 8. California; also in Peru. Involucral leaves ovate, concave, scarcely united at base; calyx campanulate-funnelform, mostly 4-lobed, the lobes notched ; stamens usually 3, included ; fruit oval. II. ABRONIEH, Gray. Involucre perfect, of 5-15 distinct bracts, subtending a many-ilowered head. Stigma capitate or linear-clavate. : 4. NYCTAGINIA, Chois. Calyx tubular-funnelform with entire lobes; stamens and style ‘long-ex- serted ; fruit nut-like, asin Mirabilis, without ribs.—The only species, N. CAPITATA, Chois., oceurs in W. Texas and N. E. Mexico. Pubescent; leaves triangular-acuminate, undulate, attenuate into the petiole; involucre of 8-12 linear-lanceolate very acute leaflets, 4-6’ long; calyx villous, red, 1’ long, the limb 5-plicate. 5. ABRONIA, Juss. Calyx salverform with obcordate lobes ; stamens and style included; the perfect: fruit 5-winged ; embryo by abortion monocotyledonons. Ill. ACLEISANTHES, Gray. Involucre imperfect, of 2-3 small bractlets to each flower, or none ; stigma smooth, peltate or cap-shaped. : 6. SELINOCARPUS, Gray. Fruit with 5, or by abortion 3, veinless wings.—Three species, occur- ring in S. New Mexico and the valley of the Rio Grande, viz :— S. pIrFusUs, Gray. Scabrous and subviscid ; stems much-branched, depressed or spreading-diffuse } leaves ovate or ovate-oblong ; flowers usually in pairs, subsessile ; calyx-tube 14/ long; stamens 5, S. CHENOPODIOIDES, Gray. Grayish pulverulent, erect ; leaves broadly ovate or subcordate ; flowers cymulose-fascicled, pedicelled, small ; calyx short cup-shaped, the tube nearly none ; stamens 2. §. anGustiroius, Gray. Subviscid-puberulent; stems slender, 6-10’ high ; leaves narrow-elliptic ; flowers solitary, at length pendent ; calyx funnelform, tube 1-2” long; stamens 5. ; 7. ACLEISANTHES, Gray. Fruit and calyx (long-tubular) as in Mirabilis—Four species, occurring in W. Texas and adjoining Mexico, viz :— A. crassrroLra, Gray. Scabrous-puberulent, decumbent; leaves thick, ovate, rounded at base ; ealyx-tube 11-2’ long, the limb 6”; fruit ovoid, scarcely costate. A. LONGIFOLIA, Gray. Glabrous, divaricately branched; leaves deltoid-ovate or rhomboid-lance- olate; calyx-tube 5-6’ long; fruit cylindrical, 5-angled. A. BERLANDIERI, Gray. Glabrous, diffuse; leayes cordate, reniform or oyate; calyx 1-2’ long, the tube 2-3 times longer than the limb. A. ANISOPHYLLA, Gray. Nearly glabrous, prostrate ; leaves oval or ovate, oblique at base, very une - qually paired; calyx-tube 13-2’ long, many times the limb ; fruit 10-costate, 2” long. 8. PENTACHROPHYS, Gray. Fruit cylindrical, 5-ribbed, the ribs glandular and usually thickened toward the summit.—The only species, P. Wricuti, Gray, is found in W. Texas- and adjoining Mexico. Slender tube of the calyx 13’ long; stamens exserted; fruit 3-4’ long. APPENDIX. 475 9. BOERHAAVIA, L. Fruit with 5, or sometimes 10, ribs or angles; flowers usually panicled or racemose.—About a dozen species occur upon both sides of the Mexican boundary from W. Texas to Arizona. ; 10. PISONIA, L. Flowers diwcious, cymose-corymbed or umbeled; calyx of the staminate flower campanulate, of the p‘stillate flower cylindrical; fruit terete or ribbed, smooth or glandular. Trees or shrubs.—Two species common from the West Indies to Brazil are found in §. Florida; P. acuLEATA, L., spiny, with alternate leaves and clavate glandular fruit, and P. oprusara, Sw., spineless, with opposite leaves and oblong glandless fruit. IV. BOUGAINVILLE, Chois. Involucre bract-like, large, dilated. 11. HERMIDIUM, 8. Watson. Flowers approximate in a head-like cluster, each pedicel adnate to the midvein of the cordate colored bract; flower and fruit nearly as in Mirabilis. See page 286. MIRABILIS. § 1. NYCTAGE, Royen. Involuere 1-flowered. Calyx long-tubular or funnelform. Flowers large. 1. M. Javapa, L. Cultivated. 2. M. tonciriora, L. Viscid-pubescent, diffuse ; flowers sessile, clustered: involucral-lobes linear ; calyx-tube very long.—W. Texas to S. Arizona and Northern Mexico. § 2. QUAMOCLIDION, Chois. Nearly as the last, but the involucre 3-12-flowered. ' 3. M. TRIrLorA, Benth. Involucre villous, 3” long; calyx 6-12” long.—Mexico. 4. M. MuitieLora, Gray. Involuere glabrous, campanulate, 1/ long, 5-cleft ; calyx 2! long ; stamens 4-5.—S. California to New Mexico. § 3. OXYBAPHOIDES, Gray. Involucre 1-3-flowered. Calyx broad-funnelform from a short tube; flowers rather small. 5. M. OXYBAPHOIDES, Gray. Involucre 3-flowered, 5-parted; stamens 3—W. Mexico. 6, M. Carrrornica, Gray. Involucre 1-flowered, 5-cleft; stamens mostly 5. See page 284. OXYBAPHUS. § 1. Calyx short, subcampanulate or rotate-funnelform, slightly exceeding the involucre. * Fruit glabrous, usually tuberculate along the ribs and sometimes between them; involucre 1-3-flowered. 1. O. viscosus, L’Her.—Mexico. 2. O. GLABRIroLIvs, Vahl. Flowers in crowded clusters terminating the branches.—Mexico. A variety with 2-3-flowered involuere occurs in W. Texas. 3. O. AGGREGATUS, Vahl. Peduneles solitary, axillary, villous, somewhat nodding.—W. Texas and Mexico. * * Fruit pubescent ; involucre always 3-5-flowered. 4. O. NYCTAGINEUS, Sweet. Leaves all petioled, (except the uppermost reduced ones,) obtuse or cordate at base; fruit rather hirsute, sometimes subreticulate-rugose between the ribs.—Variable. Wisconsin and the Upper Missouri to Texas and New Mexico. 5. O. ALBIDUS, Sweet. Nearly glabrous except the inflorescence ; leaves all subsessile, lanceolate or obtong-lanceolate, acute at base; fruit more hirsute, muriculate along or between the ribs.—N. Carolina to Texas. 6. O. HIRSUTUS, Sweet. 1° high, hirsute throughout; leaves lanceolate, thick, the lower short- petioled ; fruit of O. nyctagineus.—From the Saskatchewan to W. Texas. 7. O. ANGUSTIFOLIUS, Sweet. 1-6° high, glabrous except the peduncles and involueres ; leaves linear ; fruit pubescent. See page 284. § 2. Calyx more narrowly funnelform, several times exceeding the inyolucre; fruit clavate-oblong, apiculate, pubescent, deeply sulcate between the stout ribs. 8. O. coccrnEus, Torr. Resembling the last. New Mexico; N. Sonora. 9. O. FrasBELu, Behr. Trans. Calif. Acad. 1. 69. Scarious; leaves cordate; involucre 5-flowered ; stamens 5; fruit undescribed.—A doubtful species. S. California. 476 BOTANY. ABRONIA Most of the species of this genus have been but imperfectly characterized and are not always readily determinable from dried specimens, especially if without fruit. They seem to be distinguishable as follows. § 1. Fruit coriaceous, without a rigid body, the cavity extending through the entire wing; wings truncate or abruptly attenuate above, 1. A. ARENARIA, Menz. Root perennial; stems procumbent; leaves very thick, subcordate-rounded or reniform, on thick petioles; involueral leaflets rounded or ovate, herbaceous, 2-4” long; flowers orange-yellow, fragrant ; wings rather short, (1-2’’ broad,) coarsely reticulate—On the sea-coast from S. California to Puget Sound. 2. A. FRAGRANS, Nutt. Root perennial; steins ascending ; leaves oblong or ovate ; involucre conspic- nous, of broad ovate scarious leaflets ; flowers white ; fruit nearly as in the Jast. See page 284. 3. A. TURBINATA, Torr. Resembling the last, but annual; stems decumbent or ascending; leaves broadly ovate or oblong; involucral leaflets mostly narrow-lanceolate, subherbaceous; flowers pink ; wings of regularly formed fruit horizontally crested at the apex, narrow. See page 285, and Plate XXXI. ; § 2. Body of the fruit more rigid or ligneous, the wings consisting of a single lamina. * Wings more or less attenuate above and terminating below the apex of the fruit, cross-veined. 4, A. UMBELLATA, Lam. Annual; stems decumbent; leaves oblong or ovate, attenuate at base into a slender petiole; involucral leaflets small, lanceolate, subherbaceous, 2-3/’ long; flowers pink ; fruit mostly rigid-coriaceous, the wings often broad-rounded, submembranous.—From S. California to Wash- ington Territory, confined principally to the sea-coast. Collected by Dr. Palmer in 8. Utah. See Plate XXXI. F 5. A. MELLIFERA, Doug]. Leaves ovate or oblong, rounded or truneate at base; involucral leaflets oblong-lanceolate, white and scarious, 3-6” long ; flowers white; fruit with the wings laterally elon- gated and narrowed, 3-4’ long.—Closely resembling the last. Oregon and Washington Territory, in the interior. Wings orbicular and encircling the body, membranous and strongly reticulated. c=) c=] Vv) ond 6, A. CYCLOPTERA, Gray. Annual; stems ascending; leaves oblong or ovate, more or less cuneate at base; involueral leaflets ovate or narrow-lanceolate, 2-5 long; fruit 6-12’ in diameter; seed 2}-4” long. See page 285. fo) ERIOGONEZE. Condensed from the recent “ Revision of the Eriogonewe,” by Drs. Torrey and Gray, in Proc. Amer. Acad., Vol. VILL, pp. 145-200, (1870.) Tribe I. EUERIOGONE®. Inyoluere remaining unchanged, nearly always calyx-like, rarely none. Leaves entire. * Inyolucre represented by the 3-4 outer empty rounded bracts surrounding the head of short-pedi- celled bracted flowers. 1, NEMACAULIS, Nutt. A single species, N. Nurraniu, Benth., of S. California; annual; leaves radical and woolly; bracts also woolly within. * Tnvolucre gamophyllous ; perigonium usually corolla-like. 2. ERIOGONUM, Michx. Involucre many-few-flowered, its lobes pointless; pedicels exserted, jointed to the flower, with slight bractlets at the base; achenium triangular. 3. OXYTHECA, Nutt. As in the last, but the 4 involucral lobes awned, its tube naked; achenium lenticular.—Three species, all occurring in Nevada. See pages 310, 311. 4. CENTROSTEGIA, Gr: Involucre 1-3-flowered, 3-6-spurred near the base.—Two species, of 8. California; low nearly glabrous annuals; C. TuurBert, Gray, having an involucre with 5 ovate teeth and 3 conical spurs, and C. Leproceras, Gray, with a narrowly 6-cleft involucre and 6 bristle-like spurs. 5. CHORIZANTHE, R. Br. Involuere 1-flowered, unappendaged ; flower mostly included; pedicel jointed, usually short or almost wanting. APPENDIX. AT] x * Tuvolucre none. 6. LASTARRLEA, Remy. Perigonium subcoriaceous and resembling the inyolucre of Chorizanthe ; stamens inserted at the throat.—A single Chilian species, L, Cutrensis, Remy, introduced into Cali- fornia. Tribe II. PTEROSTEGIEA. Inyolucre of a single 2-lobed bract embracing the solitary flower, be- coming dilated and reticulated in fruit and 2-gibbous-saccate on the back. 7. PTEROSTEGIA, F. & M. Two species of Southern and Lower California, annuals, with opposite more or less lobed and sometimes toothed leaves ;—P. DRYMARIOIDES, F’, & M., with the fruiting involu- cre 1-12” long, dentate on the margin; and P. MACROPTERA, Benth., with the involucre #' long, sinuate- margined, ERIOGONUM. § 1. ALATA, Benth. Achenium 3-winged; embryo in the axis, straight or nearly so; calyx 6-parted, not produced at base. Perennials or biennials, the scapelike stems 1-3° high ; involueres mostly long-peduncled, loosely cymose-panicled ; leaves radical, spatulate or lanceolate ; pubescence loose, 1. E. nreracirorrum, Benth. Cinereous-pubescent, the leaves subtomentose and somewhat silky- villous; flowers more or less pubescent, with the filaments and ovary subhirsute, yellow, (or rose-color ;) panicle many-flowered ; achenium winged only above the middle—W. Texas. 2. E. aALatum, Torr. Tall, more or less hirsute-villous ; panicle decompound; flowers glabrous, small, yellowish ; invouleres numerous, 5-toothed; achenium winged nearly to the base, wings rather broad, thin.—From the Platte to W. Texas and New Mexico. 3. E. arroruBENS, Eng. Leaves villous-pubescent ; scape more or less inflated, dichotomously di- vided into a loose cyme ; involucres few, long-peduncled, 5-7-toothed ; flowers glabrous, reddish ; wings as long as the achenium, narrow and thickened.—Chihuahua. § 2. ERIANTHA, Benth. Acheninm winegless, (as in all the remaining sections ;) embryo straight, axile, the radicle shorter than the broad cotyledons ; flowers villous or silky, with a narrow elon- gated base. Perennials, with branching leafy stems, alternate or verticillate leaves, tomentose beneath, and solitary mostly sessile involucres. * Leaves alternate, narrow ; panicle open, naked; calyx herbaceous, the lobes alike. 4. E. Lonaivorium, Nutt. Tall, 2-4° high; lower involucres more or less peduncled.—Florida, Ar- kansas and Texas. * * Leaves in whorls of 3-5, oval or oblong; eyme dichotomous, leafy ; involuecres sessile, many- flowered ; calyx white and somewhat corolla-like, inner lobes often the longer. e] y ? f=) 9. E. TomENTOsUM, Mx. Tall, herbaceous, very leafy ; leaves obovate or oval, flat, tomentum col- ored; calyx tomentose, the tube elongated, lobes broadly ovate.—South Carolina to Florida. 6, E. uNDULATUM, Benth. Low and woody ; leaves undulate ; flowers smaller—Mexico. 7. E. Jamesu, Benth. Low, woody at base; cauline leaves few, spatulate or oblong, tomentum white; calyx villous-silky, with obovate or spatulate lobes.—From the Platte to W. Texas and New Mexico. § 3. UMBELLATA, Benth. Flowers as in § 2; involucres many-flowered, solitary or rarely capitate, or in simple or compound terminal umbels; ovary usually sparingly hirsute above; embryo nearly straight, equaling or exceeding the more or less eccentric cotyledons.—Perennials, mostly low, sometimes woody; leaves usually white-woolly and mostly spatulate; flowers nearly always yellow. * Calyx villous or pubescent externally, (except in FE. Kellogii.) (a.) Involucre campanulate, repand-dentate with 5-7 teeth; umbel usually many-rayed with an in- volucre of as many (2-8) about equal leaves ; embryo straight. 8. E. rLavem, Nutt. Silky-woolly ; scapes 3-6’ high ; leaves spatulate or lance-oblong or subovate, crowded ; calyx yellow, silky-villous, 3 long.—From the Saskatchewan to W. Kansas and Colorado ; Oregon. (b.) Involuere lobed, solitary, naked, or sometimes 2-3 together in an imperfect 2-3-rayed umbel or head ; embryo eccentric, often incurved, The first species with small leaves anda top-shaped inyo- lucre with broad searcely spreading teeth, the remainder larger-leaved and the deeply 6-8-cleft involucre with narrow and at length reflexed lobes. 9. E. THYMoIDES, Benth. Woody, cxspitose, cinereous-tomentose, the numerous branches very leafy at base, a span high; leaves 2-3’ long, margin revolute; the peduncle with a whorl below the middle ; calyx densely retrorse-villous at base.—Washington Territory. 478 BOTANY. 10. E. cesprrosumM, Nutt. Acanlescent, the leafless scapes 1-4’ high; involucres solitary. See page 298. 11. E. DovuGiasn, Benth. Densely white-woolly, woody at base and depressed czespitose with nu- merous branches and rosulate leaves, the scapelike peduncle with a medial whorl of leaves and 1-3 ebracteate terminal involucres ; flowers 4” long, numerous, with broad-obovate lobes.—Washington Ter- ritory, (Douglas. ) 12. E. KeLLoGn, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8. 293. Broadly matted-cwspitose with filiform substo- loniferous branches; leaves rosulate, 3-4 long, silky-hoary ; scape 3’ high, with a medial whorl of 3-4 leaves, and a solitary terminal inyolucre ; flowers fewer, yellow or pinkish, glabrous externally, 2-3” long on a slender stipelike base, lobes oval or obovate.—Red Mountain, California, (Kelloge.) 13. E. spHarocrrHaLum, Dougl. Caulescent ; branches leafy, many-flowered, with short pedicels. See page 299, * * Calyx glabrous externally, with a slender stipelike base. (a.) Wholly glabrous, excepting the villous base of the filaments. i4. E. Torreyanum, Gray. Leaves mostly crowded on the caudex ; stems rather stout, a span or more high, naked or with a single leaf in the middle, bearing a usually simple 3-4-rayed wnbel subtended by a whorl of smaller leaves ; flowers yellow, very numerous in the 7-8-cleft involucre, 4-4)” long, with a short base, lobes spatulate-obovate.—Near Donner Pass, California, (Torrey.) (b.) Woolly, tomentose or webby, or at length glabrate; filaments villous at base; involucre usually deeply 5-9-cleft, with spreading or reflexed lobes and numerous middle-sized flowers. The first species has the stems ascending, more or less leafy and branched; in the rest the secapelike pedun- cles rise from a prostrate or decumbent caudex, and are simple, leafless or with usually but a single whorl of leaves, and bearing a simple or compound umbel, rarely reduced to a solitary involucre. 15. E. potyanraumM, Benth. Leaves mostly verticillate, ovate or oblong, acute, white-woolly ; pe- duncles solitary or few and umbellate ; flowers yellow ; embryo straight.—California. 16. E. composituM, Dong]. Scape usually stout, 14° high, naked, fistulous, with a compound many- rayed umbel, involucrate with linear or lanceolate bracts; involucre about 5-cleft; flowers whitish ; radical leaves oblong-ovate and cordate, densely tomentose beneath.—N. California to Washington Territory. 17. E. HERACLEOIDES, Nutt. More slender; scape with a simple or compound umbel and usually a medial whorl of leaves ; flowers yellowish, on a very slender stipe; leaves spatulate-oblong or oblanceo- late. See page 299. 18. E. UMBELLATUM, Torr. Scape 4-12’ high, naked except the verticillate bracts ; umbel simple, rarely subcompound, or sometimes reduced to 1-few capitate involucres ; leaves obovate-spatulate or oval. See page 300. (c.) With the habit and inflorescence of the last species ; scapes very slender, 1-10’ hich, leafless, bearing a simple small-bracted umbel; central inyolucre sessile ; flowers smaller and less numer- ous in the 5-7-toothed involucre, on a short base, subdicecious, the sterile umbel contracted and capitate ; filaments pubescent at base. 19. E. Marirouium, T. & G. Loosely cwespitose, with the habit of L. wnbellatum ; leaves 3-5” long, ovate, rounded at base or abruptly narrowed into a longer petiole, white-tomentose or above glabrate ; flowers dull-yellow or pinkish; seed lanceolate; cotyledons ovate-oblong, exceeding the radicle.— California. 20, E. iscanum, T. & G. More densely cxespitose; leaves very numerous, oblong or spatulate, nar- rowed into a petiole not exceeding the 4’ long blade, hoary-tomentose both sides; flowers bright-yellow ; seed ovate-acuminate ; cotyledons oval-rounded, equaling the radicle.-—California. § 4. PSEUDO-UMBELLATA, T. & G. Base of the flower very short, abruptly contracted ; involu- eres wmbeled, very rarely solitary, many-flowered ; umbel leafy-bracted, terminating a naked or 1-leaved scape ; calyx 6-parted, with obovate equal segments, whitish or only yellowish, 2-3” long; ovary glabrous, or in the first species loosely villous above the middle. Low caspitose perennials, with crowded leaves. 21. E. pyroLzroiium, Hook. Glabrate, (or villous-woolly and tomentose in Var. CORYPHUM ;) leaves obovate or broad-spatulate, (or ovate ;) wmbel 2-bracted, of 3-5 very short rays; involuere cam- panulate, villous; calyx slightly villous at base——Mt. Shasta and Washington Territory. 22. E. anpROsACEUM, Benth. Leaves oblanceolate or spatulate, white-woolly beneath, glabrate above ; scape 2-3’ high, rarely !-leaved ; umbel 4-7-rayed, simple or subeapitate, with a whorl of linear bracts; involucre oblong-campanulate, 5-toothed ; calyx pubescent at base ; filaments nearly glabrous; radicle accumbent upon the shorter rounded very eccentric cotyledons.—Rocky Mts. of British America. APPENDIX. A479 23, E. Lops, T. & G. Leaves subrounded ; umbel somewhat compound, dense ; bracts obovate or lanceolate ; calyx glabrous. See page 300. § 5. LACHNOGYNA, T. & G. Calyx with the broad base not at all produced, woolly, 6-parted, seg- ments oblong and equal; ovary exceedingly tomentose ; filaments hairy at base; involucres few, capitate, or in a few subeymose heads, or solitary, short, 3-5-toothed.—Hoary cespitose perennials ; leaves narrow, very crowded ; scape naked or almost none; flowers small, yellow. 24. E. acauLr, Nutt. Matted cxespitose, nearly scapeless ; involucres 1-5, subsessile ; leaves linear- oblong, sessile. See page 300. 25. E. LacuNoGyNuM, Torr. Branches of the caudex very short and crowded; scape a span to 1° high, slender; leaves lanceolate or lance-oblong, I long, acute, petioled, more or less revolutely margined, silky above, tomentose beneath ; calyx silky-woolly, yellow within; embryo strongly eccentrie.—S. Colo- rado and New Mexico. § 6, HETEROSEPALA, T. & G. As in all the remaining sections, the flower with the usually broad base not at all produced, the ovary glabrous or nearly so, the embryo incurved, and the ascending radicle much exceeding the usually rounded accumbent cotyledons ; involucres capitate or umbel- late-cymose on a simple naked seape, 5-8-toothed ; calyx glabrous, petaloid, 6-parted, the outer segments enlarged and rounded, at length cordate and auricled at base, the inner narrow, spatu- late, emarginate and connivent, each with 3 stamens on the clawlike base; filaments villous at base. Czspitose-acaulescent white-woolly perennials ; leaves oval or rounded, petioled, crowded ; bracts very small. 26. E. protirerum, T. & G. Umibel proliferous-compound, with the central involucres sessile ; outer segments of the rose-colored calyx becoming but slightly cordate at base.—Idaho and Washington Territory. 27. E. ovaLirorium, Nutt. Involucres few in simple heads; outer calycine segments usually deeply cordate at base. See page 301. § 7. CAPITATA, T. & G. Involucres sessile, capitate ; the usually naked globose heads solitary or subumbellate upon a naked simple peduncle; calyx mostly glabrous, the segments similar. White- woolly perennials. ; * Low, cespitose, acaulescent ; head solitary ; involucres few, 5-7-toothed ; flowers not very numer- ous; bractlets slightly barbellate. 28. E. Kinet, T. & G. Loosely woolly; leaves spatulate or rounded, or sometimes sublanceolate ; calyx-segments obovate-subeuneate, emarginate. See page 301. : 29. E. MuLticrrs, Nees. Very white with appressed wool; branches of the caudex ascending, leafy ; leaves oblong-spatulate or oblanceolate, long-attenuate at base ; scape 3-5/ high; involucres 5-10, tubu- lar, 5-toothed, shorter than some of the bracts; calyx white or yellowish, somewhat woolly, lobes obo- vate-cuneate, retuse.—S. Wyoming. 30. E. paucirLoruM, Pursh. Becoming glabrous; branches of the caudex very short and crowded ; leaves linear or subspatulate, revolute-margined ; involucres 5-10, turbinate-campanulate, 5-toothed ; ealyx white, glabrous, lobes oval; filaments pubescent below.—Nebraska ; Colorado. * * Taller, subacaulescent ; heads solitary or few and umbeled upon the stout naked peduucle ; in- volucres short-campanulate, truncate, very many-flowered, the 5-8 teeth united by a membrane; calyx white, glabrous, lobes broad ; bractlets very villous-plumose, at length exserted. 31. E. LatiroLtium, Sm. 1-2° high, the webby wool more or less deciduous; leaves 1-2’ long, oval, base broad and rounded or cordate; involucres 5-12, woolly, 5-toothed, the head sometimes 1’ broad ; ealyx-lobes broad-ovate——Coast of California. 32. E. oBLonGrroLtiuM, Benth. More slender, +-1° high; leaves oblong and oval, base usually acute ; involucres glabrate, 6-8-toothed ; calyx-segments oblong-obovate.—Coast of California. § 8. CAPITELLATA, T. & G. Involueres truncate, subdentate, many-flowered, usually by threes or twos in small heads upon a tall naked sometimes fistulous scape, those in the forks solitary; calyx 6-parted, the nearly equal lobes obovate-oblong; bractlets plumose. Acaulescent perennials ; scape and inyolucres glabrate or glabrous; leayes broad, usually undulate ; flowers white. 33. E. nupuM, Doug]. Leaves hoary-tomentose beneath, ovate or obovate, usually subcordate at base and long-petioled; panicle dichotomous with long branches; involucres eylindric-campanulate, 6-8-toothed, those in the forks sessile—Very variable. Oregon and California. 34, E. rLarum, Dougl. Leaves villous-pubescent, narrower, usually attenuate at base ; involucres more top-shaped, 5-toothed, pedicelled in the forks, the rest subglomerate. See page 302. § 9. FASCICULATA, Benth. Involucres truncate, subdentate, very many-flowered, in small bracte- 480 BOTANY. ate heads terminating the dichotomous or eymose-umbellate peduncles, the alar (or apparently lat- eral) ones sessile ; braetlets plumose. Shrubby, leafy ; leaves small, alternate and fascicled in the axils, hoary beneath, usually revolute-margined; flowers white or pinkish.—Coast of California, mostly southern. 35. E. cinrrEuM, Benth. 3-5° high, loosely branched, puberulent ; leaves orbicular to ovate, $-1’ long, undulate, short-petioled, but little fascicled; flowers not very numerous, silky-villous ; peduncles elongated, nearly naked, dichotomous; heads few ; radicle slightly inflexed; cotyledons oval. 36. E. parvirorium, Sm. At first webby-woolly ; leaves small, yery numerous upon the branches, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, undulate, with an abrupt or obtuse base; peduncles di-trichotomous ; flowers glabrous, very numerous, the involucres often subracemose along the lengthened axis. 37. E. rascicuLatum, Benth. Leaves numerous, oblong-linear or linear-spatulate, strongly revo- lute; peduncles slender, naked, usually umbellately divided into 3-6 rays; flowers glabrous or puberu- lent, very numerous.—Variable. See page 302. § 10. CORYMBOSA, Benth. Involucres many-flowered, 5-6-toothed, cymose by the repeated umbel- late and 2-3-chotomous subdivision of the summit of the naked pedunele, the pedicels short or none; calyx glabrous, 6-parted, the inner segments usually smaller, leaves mostly narrow and at or near the base of the stems alternate, more or less white-woolly, not cordate. Shrubs, or the stems sometimes short and but little woody ; calyx glabrous within, the segments nearly alike ; ovary often scabrous above on the angles. (a.) Branches woody, erect or ascending, leafy, terminated by the cyme-bearing peduncle; calyx white or pink, rarely yellow, often a little thickened at base, lobes obovate, at least the inner ones emarginate or retuse. 38. E. ertcmrorium, T. & G. Depressed, very much branched and very leafy ; leaves very numer- ous on the branchlets, 2’ long, subulate-linear and teretely revolute, glabrous above, white-woolly be- neath; cyme scarcely exceeding the leaves, of 3-7-crowded somewhat tomentose pentagonal involucres ; calyx white, 14/’ long.—Arizona. 39. E. corymBosum, Benth. 14-2° high, floccose-woolly; branches leafy; leaves oblong; cyme broadly corymbose, many-flowered. See page 303. 40. E. microtnrcum, Nutt. Low, rarely 1° high, much branched from the base, more or less floc- cose-tomentose ; leaves oblong to linear ; cyme crowded or open.—Very variable. See page 303. (b.) Branches leafy, less woody, very short or cxspitose-depressed ; peduncle terminal, naked, elon- gated, herbaceous, and with the 5-toothed involucre glabrous or glabrate; calyx-segments nearly equal; leaves narrow, attenuate into a slender petiole. 41. E. BrevICAULE, Nutt. Low; leaves much crowded on the caudex-like branches; scapes rigid ; flowers often yellow. See page 304. 42. E. toncuornyiium, T. & G. Taller and scarcely woody at the leafy base; leaves not much crowded, lanceolate or broad-linear, white-woolly beneath ; eyme repeatedly trichotomous and panicle- like; lower bracts filiform, the upper subulate; flowers white, with obovate retuse segments.—New Mexico. * * Annual; stems loosely branched, leafy only below; calyx pink, glabrous within, the segments obovate and nearly equal; bractlets scarcely bearded. 43. E. rruncatrum, T. & G. Loosely floeeose-woolly, 1° high; leaves subfascicled, spatulate or ob- long, 1}/ long with the slender petiole; peduncles long, naked; cyme loose, di-trichotomous ; involucres rather few, many-flowered, 2” long, oblong-campanulate, truncate; bracts very small—Mt. Diablo, (Brewer. ) * * Amnual, white-woolly; stems tall, strict, leafy; cyme decompound, many-flowered; calyx white, webbed within at base with long wool, the outer segments much the larger; bractlets finely plumose. 44, E. annuum, Nutt. Leaves oblong, attenuate at base, mostly petioled ; involucres woolly, glab- rous Within, shortly 5-toothed ; outer calyx-segments broadly obovate, the inner oblong.—From Nebraska to Arkansas, Texas, New Mexico and Chihuahua. 45. E. MULTIFLORUM, Benth. Leaves oblong and lanceolate, undulate, the cauline sessile, obtuse or auricled at base ; involucres 5-lobed, often glabrate, webbed within; outer calyx-segments rounded oyal, becoming deeply cordate, the inner nearly linear.—Arkansas to Louisiana and Texas. § 11. VIRGATA, Benth. Involuecres sessile along one side of the usually virgate branches of the pan- icle, mostly small or narrow ; calyx 6-parted, usually glabrous. Perennial, a few shrubby at base, woolly; flowers white or pinkish, glabrous, many in the involuere, APPENDIX. 481 (a.) Calyx broad and truncate below, having the broad-oyal outer segments distinct and subauricu- late-rounded at base ; panicle often dichotomous and bracts somewhat leafy ; white-woolly. 46. E. NrveuM, Dougl. Woody at base, 1° high or more, densely tomentose; stems leafy below or nearly naked; leaves ovate or oblong, petioled; the bracts and the 3-4 subulate teeth of the densely woolly involucre recurved-spreading ; outer calyx-segments becoming rounded-oyal and slightly cordate, enclosing the obovate-spatulate inner ones.—Oregon and Washington Territory. 47. KE. picHotomum, Dougl. Somewhat like the last; branches short and densely leafy, with strict scape-like rarely leafy peduncles; leaves oblong, attenuate at base; bracts appressed, shorter than the involucre ; involucre-teeth 3-5, shortish and obtuse, subequal; outer calyx-segments obovate-oval.— Oregon and §. Idaho. (b.) Calyx acute at base, the segments alike; the first two species scapose and strict, the last eaul- escent and diffusely panicled, 48, E. srricrum, Benth. Czespitosely much-branched at base ; leaves crowded, spatulate or obovate- oblong, white-woolly beneath, attenuate into a long petiole; scapes very slender, 1° high, glabrous or glabrate, 2-3-chotomously branched; bracts small, subulate, appressed; involuere 1/’ long, glabrate, campanulate, equally 5-toothed ; calyx-segments oval or oblong.—Oregon, (Douglas.) 49, E. RaceMosuM, Nutt. Leaves ovate or oblong, long-petioled, abrupt or subcordate at base; scape stout, 1-2° high ; involucres spicate along the few rigid branches. See page 304. : 50. E. Wricutu, Torr. Branched from a shrubby base, leafy below; leaves narrow at base, often fascicled ; involucres loosely spicate ; ovary slightly scabrous above. See page 305. * * Annual, (excepting perhaps L. elongatum ;) flowers small, white or rose-color, acute or acutish at base, mostly glabrous ; bracts small, appressed. (a.) Involucre tubular, 34-2” long, many-flowered, hoary-woolly, scattered upon the virgate mostly simple branches, appressed; calyx-segments obovate, nearly equal. White-woolly plants, the at length floccose tomentum rarely deciduous. Califernian. 51. E. rLonNGatuM, Benth. Stems or branches 14-3° high, sparingly leafy at base only; leaves oblong-lanceolate; involucres 3” long, rather many-flowered, spicate and distant along the simple branches, repand-truneate ; ovary glabrous ; embryo 1’ long or more. 52. E. vircatrum, Benth. Stem more slender, sparingly leafy at the base or also above; branches few, simple, sometimes paniculately branched ; leaves ovate or oblong; involucres 2-2} long, 5-toothed ; ovary and abruptly rostrate achenium a little scabrous above; embryo $” long. (b.) Involucre narrow-tubular, few to rather many-flowered, 2” long or less, scattered on the slender branchlets of the diffuse panicle, longer than the glabrous or pilose flowers; bractlets scarcely bearded ; low, finely tomentose above or glabrous, with rounded radical leaves. 53. E. DASYANTHEMUM, T. & G. Cinereous-woolly or glabrate above ; involucre shortly 5-toothed, commonly hoary, fully 2’’ long, sometimes 15-20-flowered; calyx finely villous, at least at base, the obo- vate segments nearly equal.—California. 54. E. VIMINEUM, Doug). Inyolucres few-flowered and glabrous, as also the very slender branches of the more decompound panicle ; calyx glabrous, inner segments narrower. See page 305. (c.) Involucre few or rather many-flowered, oblong-campanulate, subturbinate, 5-toothed, 1’ long, scattered upon the slender branchlets of the usually much-branched panicle; calyx glabrous, shorter than the involucre, inner segments narrow ; leaves radical or more or less cauline, white- woolly beneath, floccose-woolly above, as usually the branches and involucres. 55. E. GRAcILE, Benth. Stem naked or leafy; panicle open and spreading ; bractlets subglandular- barbellate ; outer calyx-segments obovate, the inner oblong. See page 305. 56. E. POLYCLADON, Benth. . Wool persistent ; stem 2-3° high, leafy to the rather strict ample pan- icle; leaves oblong and obovate; bractlets villous with very long delicate hairs; calyx-segments atten- uate at base, the outer fan-shaped, the inner obovate-spatulate.—W. Texas to Arizona. (d.) Inyolucre mostly short-campanulate, small, shorter than the enlarged calyx, scattered on the usually tangled branchlets of the naked panicle, its teeth 4-5, broad, rounded ; bractlets chatty ; leaves subradical, rounded, long-petioled. 57. E. Hrermannt, Dur. & Hilg. Glabrous or glabrate; calyx glabrous, becoming 2” long, outer segments rounded, the inner smaller, oblong-spatulate. See page 306, 58. E. Prumatetxa, Dur. & Hilg. Floccose-woolly, low; calyx glabrous, 1’ long, the segments obovate-cuneiform, retuse. See page 306, 59. E. rnrricarum, Benth. Leaves viscid-pubescent ; the divaricately much-branched panicle and the very small few-flowered short-campanulate inyolucres glabrous; bractlets obovate- or cuneate- 61 482 BOTANY. oblong, ciliolate; calyx slightly hairy, the seginents obovate, similar; ovary glabrous.—Lower Cali- fornia. § 12. PEDUNCULATA, Benth. Involucres few-many-flowered, 5-toothed, (usually long-) pedicelled, solitary upon the di- or trichotomous branches and in the forks of the leafless small-bracted loosely panicled peduncle. Mostly annuals; leaves broad, usually rounded, radical or on a short stem ; inflorescence never pubescent ; flowers mostly white or whitish. * Low stemless annuals; panicle divaricately much-branched, covered with club-shaped glands; involucres few-flowered. : 60. E. BracuypopumM, T. & G. Leaves loosely woolly ; panicle rigid, nearly prostrate; pedicels not exceeding the glandular 8-12-flowered (1 long) involuere; bractlets sublinear, hirsute-ciliate ; outer calyx-segments glabrous, cordate-ovate, obtuse, twice exceeding the ovate long and obtusely acuminate inner ones.—S. E. California. : 61. E. GLANDULOSUM, Nutt. Leaves slightly hairy, green ; panicle slender, effuse ; pedicels capillary, 2-3” long, divaricate; involucre 3} long, very few-flowered, glandless; calyx-segments oblong-ovate, acutish, subequal, sparingly hirsute.—Rocky Mts., (Gambel.) * * Panicle glabrous, or the involucres and pedicels rarely very minutely glandular; annuals, (Z. tenellum and perhaps L. ciliatum excepted.) (a.) Pedicels of the spreading much-branched many-flowered panicle rigid, sometimes subrace- mosely secund, soon deflexed; involucres many-flowered, about 1 long; calyx glabrous; beak of the achenium scabrous. 62. E. DEFLEXUM, Torr. Involucre short, exceeding the pedicels; calyx white, the outer segments rounded-cordate, the inner very small. See page 306. : 63. E. nutans, T. & G. Pedicels viscid, 2-3 times exceeding the broad-campanulate involucte ; calyx rose-colored, very obtuse at base, outer segments broad-oval, emarginate, the inner oblong, half as large. See page 307. 64. E. Watsonu, T. & G. Pedicels smooth, 2-5 times exceeding the narrow- or clavate-campanu- late involucre; calyx rose-colored and white, obtuse at base, segments nearly equal, oval, slightly retuse. See page 307. 65. E. cernuum, Nutt. Pedicels smooth, 2-4 times longer than the campanulate involucre ; calyx white or pinkish, with an acute top-shaped base, outer segments square, emarginate, the inner oblong, half as wide. See page 308. (b.) Spreading, usually very much branched, mostly very slender; pedicels not deflexed ; involucre 1’ long or less, few or rather many-flowered; calyx mostly very obtuse at base. (1.) Leaves white-woolly beneath, mostly floccose above; calyx not exceeding the coarsely 5-6- toothed involucre; glabrous or slightly pilose at base ; bracts usually woolly within. (18.) Pedicels but 1-5” long and with the paniclerather rigid ; calyx glabrous, lobes very unequal. 66. E. RoTUNDIFOLIUM, Benth. Panicle much branched from the base,a span high; leaves soon naked above; involucres broad-campanulate ; bractlets sparingly plumose; calyx white, only 6-cleft, the outer segments dilated fan-shaped, retuse, the inner narrowly oblong.—W. Texas; New Mexico. (1°.) Pedicels slender, mostly capillary, those in the forks 4-1}’ long; cyme slender, di-trichotomous, with the scape a span high, in depauperate specimens subsimple ; leaves mostly 4’ broad or less. 7. E. THURBERI, Torr. Leaves usually rugose ; scape 1-2’ high; bracts in threes or fours, conspic- uous and calyx-like; involucre broadly topshaped-campanulate, 10-18-flowered, often obscurely gland- ular; bractlets nearly wanting; calyx white, very minutely pubescent at base, 5-parted, the segments very unequal and pandurate, the outer much dilated and rounded above, finely webby in the middle, the inner small and subhastate-lanceolate.—S. California; $8. Arizona. 68. E. Tuomasu, Torr. Bracts at the nodes very small; involucre few-flowered, about + long; bractlets chaffy, long villous on the margin; calyx white or yellowish, finely hispid at base, the seg- ments subpandurate, equal in length, slightly dilated above, very obtuse, the outer at length subcordate at base, the inner but half as wide.—S. California; 8. Arizona. 69. E. pusitium, T. & G. Calyx yellow, subglandular-puberulent, the segments nearly similar, obovate. See page 308. 70. E. RENIFORME, Torr. Leaves reniform or rounded-cordate, covered with very soft dense white wool; bracts small, woolly ; involucres broad-campanulate, not elandular, 8-12-flowered ; calyx glab- rous, white or pinkish, segments ovate, the inner slightly smalier.—California; W. Arizona. See page 308. (2.) Leaves pubescent, sometimes glabrate, not woolly nor tomentose, long-petioled ; panicle taller, upon a rather rigid often fistulous seape, the pedicels divaricate, capillary and glabrous, 4-1’ long APPENDIX. 483 or more; bracts not woolly; calyx yellowish, densely hirsute, twice longer than the very small few-flowered 4-5-cleft involucre, the segments similar and nearly equal. 71. E. TRIcHOPpopuM, Torr. Leaves finely pubescent or glabrate, scarcely cordate; scape short ; panicle very branching and slender. See page 309. 72. E. INFLATUM, Torr. Leaves rather hirsute or velvety; scape elongated, often inflated, panicle rather stout and rigid. See page 309. (3.) Whole plant glabrous; calyx not exceeding the very long-pedicelled few-flowered involucre. 73. E. Gorpont, Benth. Leaves round; peduncles several, short, repeatedly dichotomous and loosely panicled above; pedicels erect, subcapillary, 1’ long or more; involucre scarcely 1” long, turhinate- campanulate, 5-toothed; bractlets minutely glandular, outer calyx-segments ovate, the inner oblong, a little shorter.—On the Upper Platte, (Gordon.) (¢.) Perennials or biennials, less branched ; leaves not cordate; bracts verysmall; pedicels elongated, erect; involucres 13-24” long, rather many-flowered; calyx glabrous, with a short top-shaped base; bractlets villous. 74, E, TENELLUM, Torr. Czspitose with a much branched woody caudex; leaves crowded, ovate or rounded, white-tomentose ; scape and spreading panicle smooth; flowers fewer in the involucre, white, the segments retuse, unequal, the outer broad-obovate or rounded.—Colorado to New Mexico and W. Texas. 75. E. cixiaTuM, Torr. Radical leaves rosulate, obovate-spatulate, ciliate on the margins and mid- vein, otherwise glabrous; the scape and few peduncles elongated; involucre broadly campanulate, 2” long; calyx dark-red, thickish, 6-cleft, the lobes ovate, acute, the inner a little narrower and longer.— N. E. Mexico. § 13. PSEUDO-STIPULATA, Benth. Involucres and pedicels as in § Pedunculata, (or the alar involu- eres sessile in 2. divaricatum ;) stems branched, leafy ; the true cauline leaves bract-like, opposite or verticillate, the axillary more developed, in pairs or fascicled; calyx very obtuse at base, minutely glandular; achenium sharply triangular. 76. E. ANGULOSUM, Benth. Annual, floccose-woolly ; panicle effuse; branches angled; pedicels filiform, widely spreading; involucres many-flowered, short-toothed ; flowers short-pedicelled, segments unequal. See page 309. 77. E. Greece, T. & G. Perennial, erect, about 1° high, puberulent, subglandular; leaves spatu- late, subciliate, nearly glabrous, the true cauline ones verticillate, lanceolate, herbaceous, connate into a sheath at base ; pedicels subracemose, erect, about 1’’ long; involucre turbinate-campanulute, 2” long, many-flowered, 5-toothed; bractlets scarious, hirsute; calyx purplish, deeply 6-cleft, the lobes ovate- oblong, similar.—Northern Mexico. 78. E. prvaricatum, Hook. Annual, low, puberulent, much branched ; radical leaves ovate and spat- ulate, cauline stipule-like, subulate-linear, the axillary ones similar, in pairs; involucres very small, nearly 5-parted, few-flowered, those in the forks mostly sessile; calfyesegments white, oblong, sub- equal._S. Wyoming, (Geyer.) § 14. FOLIOSA, Benth. Inflorescence as in the last section; involucre 4-8-cleft or parted, those in the forks sometimes sessile; calyx with a very short acute or obtuse base, 6-parted, the pedicel exserted; annuals, with leafy stems, the cauline leaves developed, mostly opposite or verticillate, the axillary similar and fascicled. 79. E. saLsuGrNosuM, Hook. Glabrous, diffusely much-branched, 1’ to a span high, leafy through- out; leaves spatulate or oblong or the upper linear, subfleshy; involucre of several unequal nearly distinct linear bracts, few-flowered, sessile in the forks or a few of them on filiform peduncles; calyx subherbaceous, minutely roughish, the segments oblong, subequal, closed in fruit upon the sharply tri- angular achenium.—Southern Wyoming. 80. E. ABERTIANUM, Torr. Villous or pubescent, paniculately branched, erect, leafy ; leaves ovate or subcordate, petioled, the upper lanceolate or linear, subsessile ; involucres more or less peduncled, many-flowered, with 5-8 linear leafy segments; calyx petaloid, glabrous, rose-colored, outer segments rounded, deeply cordate, becoming nearly 2” long, the inner linear-oblong, retuse——W. Texas to Arizona. 81. E. PHARNACEOIDES, Torr. 1° high, pubescent, very slender, effusely panicled, internodes elon- gated; cauline leaves narrow-linear, more or less tomentose; pedicels capillary, smooth; involucres 5-8 cleft, 8-12-flowered; calyx petaloid, glabrous, outer segments broadly ovate, bigibbous at base in fruit, the inner longer, oblong-linear, retuse ; anthers dark.—New Mexico; Arizona. 82. E. sPERGULINUM, Gray. Panicle more efiuse; leaves narrow-linear, sparingly hirsute and gland- ular; involucres on very slender pedicels, 4-cleft, 1-2-flowered; calyx-segments equal, euneate-oblong. See page 310. 484 BOTANY. CHORIZANTHE. Chilian species omitted. § 1. EUCHORIZANTHE, T. & G. Involucre tubular, 6-toothed, 6-ribbed, usually coriaceous, the stout ribs terminating in a usually uncinate cusp or awn; stamens inserted near the base of the 6-lobed calyx; leaves never cordate, entire, at least the cauline narrow and attenuate at base. Annuals; Californian, with one exception. *Tnvolucres in subcapitate clusters, the limb more or less white-scarious, (occasionally wholly herbaceous.) (a.) The limb, excepting the ribs, wholly petaloid-scarious, rotate-expanded, shortly 6-lobed; stem erect; head dense. ; 1. C. MEMBRANACEA, Benth. Webbed-woolly; leaves and bracts linear, with a weak mucro; heads solitary or few along the somewhat simple branches; involucre scarious above the base, the limb very widely dilated, the stout ribs slenderly awned. 2. C. sTELLULATA, Benth. Rough-pubescent, fastigiately branched; cauline leaves nearly linear; bracts acerose, pungently awned, hirsute ; heads subeymose ; involucre-tube narrow, equally 6-ribbed, 2/' long, 4 times longer than the abrupt white-scarious limb; the stout ribs slenderly awned; calyx-seg- ments obcordately 2-lobed ; anthers oblong-linear.—Only from Hartweg. 3. C. Douciasn, Benth. Low, villous-pubescent; cauline leaves spatulate or lanceolate; bracts acerose, pungent ; heads usually umbellate, globose; involucre-tube unequally angled, 2-3 times longer than the short abrupt white or pinkish limb and the subulate unequal awns; calyx-lobes truncate, sub- crenulate ; anthers linear-oblong. (b.) Limb 5-parted, the segments scarious on the margin or wholly; stems lax, branched from the base, often diffuse; pubescence more or less villous; heads mostly irregularly panicled ; bracts awned or pungent, the uppermost awn-like. A few solitary involucres often have the teeth wholly herbaceous. 4. C. pirrusa, Benth. Slightly pilose, slender; leaves mostly radical, spatulate or oblong-ovate ; clusters small, rather loose; involucre 1” long or less, the ovate teeth scarious excepting the midribs, 1 or 2 of the unequal awns equaling the tube; anthers oval. 5. C. PUNGENS, Benth. Softly hirsute-villous, the stems mostly spreading, branched, and leafy below ; leaves spatulate or sublanceolate ; clusters irregular; involucre 13-2)” long, the unequal ovate or ovate-subulate teeth herbaceous at base, more or less scarious-margined, the larger teeth and bracts longer awned; anthers oblong. * * Only the sinuses of the involucre scarious, the teeth wholly herbaceous or coriaceous, often horn-shaped ; involucres in crowded cymelets or clusters, (in C. brevicornu loosely panicled,) those in the forks solitary ; stamens 9, in the last two species but 3. (a.) Calyx-segments pectinate-fimbriate below the apex; erect; leaves all radical, spatulate and oval; peduncle naked, cymose with repeatedly di-trichotomous divisions ; bracts acerose-subulate ; flowers sessile in the inyolucre. 6. C. LacrntaTa, Torr. Dwarf, subvillous, many-flowered; teeth of the involucre subulate-awned, nearly equal, 2-4 times shorter than the tube; calyx twice exceeding the involucre, segments triangu- lar-lanceolate, long and densely fimbriate, tailed at the apex.—Found only by Antisell. 7. C. FIMBRIATA, Nutt. Low, subvillous or nearly glabrous; the stout subulate awned teeth a little shorter than the involucre-tube; calyx less exserted, the segments irregularly lacerate-fimbriate below the oblong obtuse apex. (b.) Segments of the calyx entire or only crenulate at the apex; stems somewhat naked. 8. C. sraricorpes, Benth. Erect, 2-12’ high; leaves mostly radical, spatulate, oblong or rounded, hirsutish, subtomentose beneath; cyme loosely corymbose; involucral teeth subulate, shortly awned, unequal, the larger 2-3 times shorter than the narrow tube. ; 9. C. PROCUMBENS, Nutt. Depressed and diffuse, subhirsute ; leaves spatulate; cymelets irregularly panicled ; teeth horn-shaped, subulate-awned and usually uncinate, the 2-4 larger ones a little shorter than the (1 long) tube. 10. C. untaristata, T. & G. Diffuse, with a soft grayish pubescence; leaves spatulate, pilose- pubescent beneath; cymelets rather loose; bracts awned; teeth horn-shaped, one terminated with a stout straight awn longer than the short-oblong tube, the rest short-cuspidate. (Brewer?) 11. C. BREVICORNU, Torr. Leaves linear or obovate-spatulate; involucres varrow, prismatic, mostly scattered; teeth subequal, recurved; calyx-lobes entire. See page 312 APPENDIX. 485 § 2. MUCRONEA, T. & G. Involucre 2-4-sided, 2-4-lobed, chartaceous-coriaceous the lobes herb- aceous, straight-awned ; stamens 9, inserted at the base of the 6-parted calyx. ene of South- ern California, paniculately much branched; involneres in the forks and scattered upon the slender branches ; cauline leaves and bracts similar, amplexicaul, more or less stellately 3-lobed cusped or awned ; flower more or less pedicelled. : 12. C. PERFOLIATA, Gray. Slightly hirsute and glandular or glabrous; leaves perfoliate 4-sided, the teeth shortly and unequally subulate-awned; calyx-segments laciniate above. 13. C. Catirornica, Gray, More hirsute; leaves clasping, the upper deeply 3-lobed ; involucre com- pressed, usually 2-lobed and 2-awned, rarely 3-4-sided, the additional awns shorter; calyx-lobes entire. § 3. ACANTHOGONUM, T. & G. Involucre 3-5-toothed or lobed, coriaceous, the tube transversely veined or ridged, the lobes unequal, immarginate; stamens 6-9, on the throat of the 6-lobed calyx, the filaments and anthers short. Dwarf annuals, with ovate or spatulate entire petioled pointless leaves, the involucres more or less clustered; flower pedicelled, slightly bracteolate. ; involucre * Involucre broadly triangular, 3-ribbed, 5-toothed ; bracts unarmed. 14. C. poLyGonorpEs, T. & G. Diffusely much-branched, depressed, loosely hirsute pubescent, 3-4’ high ; leaves and bracts spatulate, the uppermost sometimes mucronate; involueres rather loosely panic- ulate-clustered, at length hardened, the 3 lobes triangular-subulate and awned with a somewhat hooked spine, the 2 intermediate ones small; stamens 6.—California, (Rattan.) * * Involucre triangular, 6-ribbed, trifid ; bracts spiny. 15. C. ricipa, T. & G. Dwarf, woolly or tomentose; involucres sessile, surrounded by the elon- gated awn-shaped at length indurated bracts, the lobes unequal, with a straight cusp, and longer than the short tube; stamens 9. See page 312. * * * Involucre with a narrow terete tube without ribs, the 3-5 teeth and the rather small bracts short-cuspidate. Dwarfed annuals, 1-3/ high, at length subcymosely branched. 16. C. cornruGATA, T. & G. White-woolly; leaves ovate or round-oval; tube of the involuere nearly 2” long, subclavate, strongly corrugated, a little shorter than the 3 oyate-lanceolate curved-pointed lobes; calyx-tube attenuate at base; stamens 6-9.—S. California. 17. C. Warsont, T. & G. Hoary-pubescent; involucral-teeth 5, very unequal, 1-2 dilated and leafy ; calyx-tube cylindric; stamens 9. See page 313. ALLIUM. A comparison of the specimens belonging to this genus in the herbariums of Dr. Gray, Dr. Torrey, and Prof. Eaton, is the basis of the following synopsis. It appears that considerable assistance in the determination of the species may be derived from the characters of the rootstock and bulb-coatings, and that the cresting of the capsule is subject to little variation, though in some species becoming somewhat obscured in the mature fruit. The comparative lengths of the style and stamens, and the size, shape and color of the segments of the perianth are usually rather less constant. The fibrous network or cellular reticulation that occurs in some or all of the outer or inner coatings of the bulbs in several of the species, (either distinguishable by the naked eye or under a simple lens, or in some species requiring a rather higher power for its satisfactory definition,) is to a very good degree constant in its characters and fre- quently very distinctive. Our species may be thus arranged :— § 1. Cells 1-ovuled. Bulb crowning an evident perennial rootstock ; coatings usually fleshy ; capsule not crested. 1. A. TRIcoccuM, Ait. Leaves oblong-elliptical ; coatings sometimes coarsely fibrous.—N. England to Wisconsin and south to Kentucky and N. Carolina. § 2. Cells 2-ovuled ; 0-2-seeded. * Bulb crowning a perennial rootstock, the coatings membranous without distinguishable cross-retic- ulation ; spathe 2-3-valved, (in A. brevistylum 1-valved.) (a.) Capsule crested. 2. A. Scra:noprasum, L. Leaves awl-shaped, hollow; umbel capitate, the pinkish sepals exceeding the pedicels and stamens; capsule slightly crested—Canada and the upper lakes to the Saskatchewan, Washington Territory and Alaska, (584 Geyer ;) Wind River Mountains, Wyoming, (Frémont ;) Walla- Walla River, Oregon, (Tolmie.) A8G BOTANY. 3. A. cerNuUM, Roth. Leaves linear, keeled; scape angled, rather stout, 1-2° high; spathe-seg- ments usually small; umbel loose, nodding; stamens and style exserted.—W. New York to N. Carolina and west to Wisconsin, the Saskatchewan and Washington Territory ; Wyoming to New Mexico, (848 Fendler, 1913, 1914 Wright ;) Raton Mts., (Abert;) Roubidean’s Pass, (Gunnison ;) Colorado, (350 Parry, 540 Hall & Harbour ;) Bridger’s Pass, (H. Engelmann ;) Ft. Colville and Puget Sound, (Lyall, Wilkes.) (v.) Capsule not crested. 4, A. vaLipuM, S. Watson. Scape stout, 1-24° high, angled; leaves broad-linear, 3-7'’ wide, elon- gated; spathe-segments broad and connate ; umbel capitate, many-flowered, erect or rarely subnodding ; sepals white or pinkish, long-acuminate, 4” long, equaling the stamens, shorter than the style.—In the California Sierras and Nevada. See page 350. 5, A. BREVISTYLUM, 8S. Watson. Scape slender, 1-14° high; leaves long-linear, 1-3” wide ; spathe 1-valved, obliquely connate-campanulate ; umbel erect, few-flowered, with short pedicels; sepals bright pink, long-acuminate, 4” long; stamens half as long, exceeding the style. See page 350. * * Perennial, with a series of separated corm-like bulbs, rooting from the stem above ; outer coats chartaceous, minutely contorted-reticulate ; spathe large, 2-valved; capsule not crested. 6..A. UNIFOLIUM, Kellogg. Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 112, fig. 35. Scape stout, 14-2° high, terete; leaves several, long-linear, 2-4” wide, flat; umbel erect, usually many-flowered, spreading; pedicels 1-14’ long; sepals pink, 5-6” long, broad, acute, exceeding the stamens and style.—California; Tamul Pass, (Bigelow ;) near San Francisco, (Kellogg ;) Ukiah, (Bolander.) A. falcifolium, Var. (., of Whipple’s Report. The specific name is a misnomer. The remarkable character of the bulbs and rootstock would suggest a distinct genus, but there is nothing in flower or fruit to separate it from Allium, and the taste is decidedly alliaceous. PLate XXXVI. Fig. 9. Bulbs, rootstock and base of stems; natural size. Fig. 10. Reticulation of coating ; magnified thirty diameters. * * * Bulbs without evident perennial rootstocks; leaves sheathing, (solitary in A. Nevadense ;) spathes 2- (rarely 3-) valved, (in A. Sanbornii, 4-valved.) (a.) Capsule crested. 7. A. STELLATUM, Fras. Coatings membranous, not at all fibrous; scape slender, 1-14° high, angled ; leaves very narrowly linear, elongated ; umbel 10-25-flowered, rather loose ; pedicels 4-6’ long; stamens equaling the pinkish ovate-oblong acute (3” long) sepals; style exserted; crest large.—On the Saskat- chewan. Specimens from Hooker in Herb. Gray. 8. A. RETICULATUM, Fras. Coats densely fibrous; scape 6-15’ high, subterete; leaves very narrowly linear, elongated ; umbel many-flowered, spreading ; stamens and style shorter than the usually acute (3-4 long) sepals; crest mostly short.—From the Saskatchewan to the Columbia and south to New Mexico. Very variable. Var. a. Low, 6-3’ high; sepals 3 long, white or slightly pinkish, acuminate.—Saskatchewan, (Douglas, Bourgeau ;) Upper Missouri, (Suckley ;) Spokan River, (Wilkes ;) Columbia River, (Wyeth;) Colorado, (545 Hall & Harbour, 552 Vasey ;) Indian Territory, (328 Palmer.) 4. angulosum, Nutt. Var. 3. Taller, (10-15’,) slender; bulb less densely fibrous ; sepals white or pink, 3-4” long, acumi- nate and strongly carinate, sometimes but little exceeding the stamens.—Colorado to the Columbia; has been confounded with A. stellatum. Upper Missouri, (Nicolet ;) Colorado, (546 Hall & Harbour) Idaho, (Spalding ;) Washington Territory, (Lyall, Wilkes, 226 Geyer.) A form near this, but with umbels mostly bulbiferous and coats densely fibrous, was collected in the Wahsatch and on Bear River, Utah. See page 350. Var. y. Like the last, but the pedicels rather more slender, the sepals usually more recurved, and the whole lower stem, with the bulb, thickly fibrous-coated.—New Mexico, (1915 Wright;) and Cambridge, from seed. Var. 6. Low; capsule long-crested ; sepals pinkish, 3-4” long, short and narrow, or very broad and longer.—New Mexico, (1916 Wright, Bigelow, Newberry, Palmer, Dr. Seguin.) 9. A. SANBORNII, Wood. Proc. Acad. Phil., 1868, p. 171. “Bulb ovate, white ;” scape tall, slender ; spathe 4-valved; flowers very numerous, on very slender (6-8” long) spreading pedicels; sepals light pink, 3” long, erect, shorter than the stamens and style.—N. California, (Shelton, Pratten, Wallace.) PiaTE XXXVII. Fig. 7. Flower; enlarged two diameters. 10. A. ATTENUIFOLIUM, Kellogg. Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 110, fig. 34. (A. reticulatum, Benth., Pl. Hartw. 339. A. occidentale, Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 390. A. acuminatum, Var. B. gracile, Wood, l. c.) Bulb small, reddish, the coats minutely wavy-reticulated ; scape slender, 10-15’ high ; leaves very narrowly linear; flowers white, numerous, crowded on slender (3-6” long) pedicels; sepals 3’ long, usually in- flected, about equaling the stamens and style.—N. California; frequent. (1995 Hartweg, 396, &c., Fré- mont, 341 Bridges, 4942 and 6552 Bolander, Kellogg.) PLare XXXVII. Fig. 8. Flower; enlarged two di- ameters. Fig. 9. Reticulation of bulb-coat; enlarged thirty diameters. APPENDIX. 487 11. A. SERRATUM, S. Watson. Bulb-coats conspicuously transversely serrate-reticulate ; scape usu- ally slender, 4-12’ high; leaves very narrowly linear; umbel usually many-flowered and often large, the spreading pedicels 6-15" long; sepals pink or crimson, 4-6" Jong, usually broad and acuminate, erect or recurved, exceeding the stamens; capsule slightly crested.—Qnite variable. California; frequent. (Douglas, 1991 Hartweg, 469 Frémont, 345 Bridges, Bigelow, Wallace, Stillman, Rich, Bolander, Kellogg. A. amplectens, Torr, Pac. R. R. Surv. 4. 148, is a very young undeveloped state, and the name is inapplica- ble to the more matured plant. It is also the A. falcifolium and A. acuminatum of Whipple’s Report, mostly. PLATE XXXVII. Fig. 4. Reticulation; enlarged thirty diameters. Fig. 5. Flower; enlarged two diameters. 12. A. BISCEPTRUM, S. Watson. Bulb frequently bulbiferous, coats membranous and minutely sinu- ous-reticulate ; scapes usnally 2 or more, rather slender, 6-12! high; leaves linear, 2-6’ wide, flat, usually equaling or exceeding the scape; umbels many-flowered, occasionally bulbiferous ; pedicels 6-10" long, spreading ; sepals white or pinkish, 3-4” long, acute or acuminate, usually spreading ; crests conspicu- ous.—See page 351, and Plate XXXVII. 13. A. PALMERI, 8. Watson. Reticulation irregular, subquadrate, the cell-outline minutely very sinuous; scape 8’ high, rather stout; leaves narrow-linear; umbel rather many-flowered, the spread- ing pedicels 6” long ; sepals more or less deep rose-color, 3-4” long, acute, erect-spreading, exceeding the stamens.—New Mexico, (Palmer, 1869.) Probably also from Ft. Defiance, (Newberry,) and Hell Caton, (Hervey,) but the specimens are imperfect. PLrare XXXVII. Fig. 10. Flower; enlarged two diameters. Fig. 11. Reticulation ; enlarged thirty diameters. 14. A. BierLtovi, S. Watson. Coatings dark-brown, membranous, with a conspicuous vertically oblong reticulation, the cell-outline somewhat curved; scape 6’ high, stout; leaves linear, thick; umbel 25-flow- ered, the spreading pedicels 6-8’ long; sepals 6” long, deep-pink, erect, exceeding the stamens ; capsule strongly crested.—Cook’s Springs, 8. W. New Mexico, (Bigelow;) a single specimen. PLrare XXXVIII. Fig. 8. Flower; enlarged two diameters. Fig. 9. Reticnlation; enlarged thirty diameters. 15. A. NEVADENSE, 8. Watson. Reticulation distorted ; scape very low, (2-4';) leaf solitary, long- linear, 1’ wide, exceeding the scape, faleate, much curved at the end; umbel 10-30-flowered, the spread- ing pedicels 3-7” long; sepals white or pink, 4-5’ long, acute, subspreading, a little exceeding the sta- mens; capsule strongly crested.—Nevada and Utah; near Carson City, (23 Anderson, in part.) See page 351, and Plate XX XVIII. 16, A. ATRORUBENS, 8. Watson. Sepals very deep rose-color or crimson, long-acuminate, 5’ long, spreading or recurved, the deeper-seated bulb showing no decided reticulation ; otherwise as the last. See page 352, and Plate XXXVIII. (b.) Capsule not crested. Leaves very narrowly linear, except in 4. Douglasii. 17. A. CANADENSE, Kalm. Bulbs subfibrous-reticulate; scape 1-2° high, usually tall and slender; umbel often densely bulb-bearing, with small pinkish flowers, the stamens and style included.—N. Eng- land to Florida, and westward to Wisconsin, Missouri, the Indian Territory and Texas. 18. A. MUTABILE, Mx. Bulb-coats fibrous; scape 6-18’ high, terete and usually slender; leaves elon- gated; umbel usually many-flowered with slender spreading pedicels ; sepals 3’ long, acute or acuminate subspreading, longer than the stamens and style —Florida to N. Carolina and west to Louisiana, and be- yond the Mississippi from Missouri to Texas and New Mexico. It appears under two or three forms. Var. a. Tall; the usual form eastward, where it is less fibrous, but also frequent from Louisiana to N. Mexico with densely netted bulbs. (691 Wright, 21, 114 and 119 Lindheimer, 418 Drummond, in part, James, Woodhouse.) Var. 8. Low, (6-10',) the scape usually very slender and leaves very narrow, umbels often rather few-flowered._From Kansas (Hall) to Texas and N. Mexico, (3219 Berlandier, 113 and 528 Lindh., 418 Drummond, in part, Fendler, Pope.) It also occurs with a stout scape, the leaves broader and umbels many-flowered. Indian Territory and N. Mexico, (Marcy, Pope, 328 Palmer.) 19. A. scarosum, Benth. Bulbs white, with vertically oblong rectilinear areolations; scape slender, 10-16’ high; leaves linear-terete, elongated ; pedicels (10-30) spreading, slender, 6-9" long ; sepals white or pinkish, 3/’ long, acuminate, exceeding the stamens.—Mexico, (254 Hartweg }) Presidio del Norte, New Mexico, (Bigelow, Edwards;) San Antonio, 8. W. Texas, (418 Berlandier.) Prater XXXVI. Fig. 10. Flower ; enlarged two diameters. Fig. 11. Reticulation ; enlarged thirty diameters. 20. A. AcUMINATUM, Hook. Reticulation irregularly hexagonal, often conspicuous ; scape slender, 6-15! high; leaves elongated ; pedicels 12-30, rather short, (4-9/,) spreading ; sepals 4-7’ long, bright rose-color, lighter at base, broad and carinate, acuminate.and recurved, exceeding the stamens, the inner ones minutely serrulate——From Fraser’s River to California and east to Nevada, Utah and N. Mexico. British Columbia, (Lyall, Holmes;) N. Idaho, (Spalding ;) Blue Mts., (Tolmie ;) N. California, (469 Fré- mont;) Monterey, (Bigelow ;) San Diego, (Parry ;) Ft. Defiance, N. Mexico, (Ives;) Weber Valley, Utah, (Stansbury.) See page 352, and Plate XXXVI. 488 BOTANY. 21, A. DouGLasn, Hook. Seape rather low, flattened and somewhat winged; leaves 2, thick, broad- linear, (3-4 wide,) flat, faleate, nearly equaling the scape ; umbel many-flowered, the spreading pedicels 6-8 lone; sepals pinkish, 4” long, erect, acuminate, equaling or exceeding the stamens.—Washington Territory, (Douglas ;) a single imperfect specimen in Herb. Gray. Allied to the following. * * * * Bulbs without rootstocks ; leaves not sheathing the very low scape. (a.) Capsule crested; scape flattened, winged, 2-4” high; spathe 2-valyed; leaves 2, broad-linear, thick, flat, faleate. 22. A. ratcrrotium, H. & A. Bulb-coats not reticulated ; leaves 3-4’ wide ; umbel many-flowered, pedicels 3-6 long ; sepals deep-pink, 4-6” long, attenuate above, obtusish, recurved, glandular-margined, much exceeding the stamens; capsule long-crested.—California, (4668 Bolander.) PLatr XXXYI. Figs. 7,8. Flowers; enlarged two diameters. : 23. A. anceps, Kellogg. Bulb-coats white, with minute vertically flattened hexagonal reticula- tion; leaves 2-4” wide, rough-margined; pedicels 10-30, spreading, 6’ long; sepals pale-pink or greenish, 4-5’ long, narrow, acute, spreading or recurved, slightly exceeding the stamens; capsule short-crested. See page 352, and Plate XXXVI. (b.) Capsule not crested; scape slender, 1-4’ high; leaves narrow-linear ; spathe 2-3-valved. 24. A. TRIBRACTEATUM, Torr. Pac. R. R. Surv. 4. 148. Bulb-coats with minute flattened or some- what regular hexagonal reticulation ; leaves 4-1} wide, exceeding the terete scape ; umbel 10-20-flow- ered, spreading, the pedicels scarcely equaling the flowers; sepals 3-4” long, more or less rose-color or crimson, acute or obtuse, exceeding the stamens.—See page 353, and Plate XXXVIII. Under two forms :— Var. a. Reticulation quite evident; spathe-segments frequently three; sepals acute, light pink, erect or recurved.—* Duffield’s Ranch,” California, (Bigelow ;) San Bernardino, (Parry ;) Antelope Island and Wahsatch Mts., Utah. Var. 8. ANDERSONI. Reticulation scarcely distinguishable; spathe 2-bracted; sepals very deep rose-color, obtuse, very variable in shape, often broad-oblong, erect.— W. Nevada. § 3. Cells 4-7-ovuled, several-seeded. Bulbs without rootstocks; leaves sheathing; spathe 2-valved; capsule not crested. ‘ 25. A. strRIATUM, Jacq. Bulbs sub-bulbiferous; coats not reticulated; scape slender, 4-15’ high ; leaves several, narrow-linear, 1-3’' wide, nearly equaling the scape; umbel 4-10-flowered, the slightly spreading pedicels 6-18” long; sepals white or ochroleucous, 38-5” long, acute or obtusish, subspreading, exceeding the stamens.—Virginia to Florida and west to S. Illinois and Missouri; Indian Territory, (327 Palmer;) Texas, (524 Lindh., Wright;) New Mexico, (Wright;) Mexico, (231 Hartweg, Edwards.) Doubtless A. ochrolencum, Nutt., /l. Ark. 156. Reputed species. A. CAMPANULMZELORUM, Geyer. Published without a description. No authentic specimens in our herbariums. A. MaRiTINUM, Benth. (Zesperoscordum ?, Torr.) With perennial solid bulbs, many-ovuled cells, and slightly united sepals, is better referred to Milla. See page 354. A. croceuM, Torr, Bot. Mex. Bound. 218. With “solid bulbs,” jointed pedicels, orange-yellow flow- ers, and filaments appendaged at base, is the same as Bloomeria aurea, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1. 11, and is hardly an Allium. It should, perhaps, also be referred, like Calliprora, to Milla. MILLE. Mr. J. G. Baker in his “ Revision of the Genera and Species of herbaceous capsular gamophyllous Liliacee,” in Jour, Lin. Soc., Vol. XI, pp. 349-436, (1870,) divides the Suborder of true Liliacew, (having a 3-celled capsular fruit and connate styles,) into two series, one with the segments of the perianth free to the very base, the other having them united for at least the lower third or quarter of their length. Of the six tribes into which he subdivides this last series, and which include 26 genera and 220 species, the two tribes Wiliew and Odontostemonew are wholly American and embrace all the American species, witha single exception. ; This only excepted genus and species, Hesperocallis undulata, Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7, 390, appears allied to Hemerocallis of the tribe Hemerocallidew, haying a leafy stem, racemose funnelform flowers, and APPENDIX. 489 grass-like leaves, but the root, which has not been collected, is described as an edible “bulb” instead of thickly fibrous as in the rest of the tribe. Thestem is 2° high, the yellow flowers 2/ long, on short jointed pedicels, the segments twice longer than the tube and 5-7-neryed; stamens 6, with equal filiform fila- ments inserted in the throat; capsule subglobose, substipitate, many-seeded ; leaves with a membranous and strongly undulate margin. Wound in New Mexico and Western Arizona. The tribe Odontostemonew, characterized by a bulbous root, racemosely panicled flowers, and sparingly leafy peduncle, is limited to the single Californian genus and Species Odontostemum Hartwegi, Torr., Pac. R. R. Surv. 4. 150, t. 24. This is 1-2° high, with grass-like leaves, and white tubular flowers 5-6” long, the at length reflexed segments equaling the tube; pedicels strict, 3-6” long, in a loose 10-30-flowered raceme ; stamens 6, on short filaments united at base and inserted in the throat, alternating with 6 linear staminodia ; style elongated; capsule sessile, globose, 3-6-seeded, loculicidally 3-valved. The Mille are characterized as bulbous herbs, with naked peduncles, and umbellate or rarely solitary flowers, and are divided into the following genera. * Corolla-tube furnished with a crown. J. ANDROSTEPHIUM, Torr. Tube funnelform, equaling the segments. Filaments united into a crown at the throat of the tube. Capsule loculicidally 3-valved, many seeded.—A Texan genus of a single species, A. VIOLACEUM, Torr., Bot. Mex. Bound. 218, having a tunicated bulb, an umbel of 3-4 flowers upon a scape 2-4‘ high, the perianth 10-12’ long. 2. BESSERA, Schult. Tube campanulate, 4-6 times shorter than the segments. Filaments united to the middle, filiform above. Capsule septicidally 3-valved, many-seeded.—A single Mexican genus and species, B. ELEGANS, Schult., having atunicated bulb, a 4-10-flowered umbel on a fistulous scape 1-2° high, and a deep-red perianth 9-10” long, with carinate segments. * * Without crown. 3. LEUCOCORYNE, Lindl. Perianth funnelform or subrotate, the segments equaling or shorter than the tube. Anthers 3, sessile in the tube. Staminodia 3, spur-shaped, inserted at the throat.—Chili and Peru. 4. BRODLEA, Smith. Perianth funnelform, (in B. coccinea broadly tubular,) the segments longer or shorter than the tube. Anthers 3, sessile, or nearly so, at the throat. Staminodia 3, petaloid, in one row with the anthers. 5. MILLA, Cay. Perianth funnelform, the tube cylindric or campanulate, the segments equaling or 2-4 times longer than the tube. Stamens 6, perigynous, in 1 or.2 rows. BRODL/A. § 1. EUBRODLEA. Scapes erect; perianth funnelform, the oblong-lanceolate segments equaling or exceeding the tube; anthers not winged. * Umbel loose, the pedicels elongated ; ovary shortly stipitate. 1. B. GRANDIFLORA, Sm. Bulb brown-coated; leayes 4-6, subterete, 14’ broad; scape 6-18’ high; valves of the spathe many, linear; umbel 2-8-flowered, pedicels unequal, 3-18" long; perianth 9-15” long, violet, the segments exceeding the tube, the throat 13-2” broad; anthers 3” long, on 1” long filaments ; staminodia subentire, equaling the anthers; style 3-4” long; cells 3-4 seeded.—From British Columbia to California. Var. MACRopopDa, Torr., has a very short scape, the pedicels 3-6’ long. Var. Masor, Benth., is taller and stouter, the perianth 18-21” long, with a broader throat and longer segments. * * Umbel dense, the pedicels short or almost wanting ; ovary sessile. 2. B. conGEsTA, Sm. Bulb brown-coated; leaves 3-4, subterete, 14-2” broad; scape 1-2° high; valves of the spathe 3-4, lanceolate; umbel 6-12-flowered, the pedicels 1-3” long; perianth 8-9” long, deep violet-blue, the segments about equaling the tube ; anthers sessile, 24'‘ long, deeply notched at top ; staminodia cucullate, deeply emarginate; style 2’ long; cells 5-6-seeded.—From British Columbia to N. California. ’ 3. B. MULTIFLORA, Benth. Scape 1-2° high; flowers 6-20, blue, 6-10" long, exceeding the pedicels, the segments about equaling the ventricose tube ; anthers 2’ long; staminodia lanceolate, entire. See page 353. § STROPHOLIRION. Scape long and twining; perianth funnelform, the oblong-lanceolate segments about equaling the ventricose tube; anthers winged. 4, B. voLtupims, Baker. (Stropholirion Californicum, Torr., Pac. R. R. Surv. 4. 149, t. 23.) Leaves 3-4” broad ; scapes 4-12° long; valves of the spathe 4-5, lanceolate ; umbel 15-20-flowered, pedicels 3-9" long; perianth rose-purple, 5-6’ long; anthers sessile, emarginate-winged, 1} long; staminodia ligulate, 62 490 BOTANY. emarginate ; ovary shortly stipitate, the cells 3-4-oyuled; style filiform, 14’ long; seed ‘often solitary.— California. § BREVOORTIA. Scape erect; perianth broadly tubular, 6-saceate at base, the tube 4 times longer than the segments; anthers not winged. 5. B. coccrnra, Gray. (Brevoortia Ida-Maia, Wood. Proc. Phil. Acad., 1867, p.173.) Leaves 2-3" broad, 1° long or more; scape 2-3° high; valves of the spathe 4-6, lanceolate or linear, deep-red, 6-12" long ; umbel 4-12-Howered, pedicels 8-12 long; perianth 12-16” long, the tube deep-scarlet, 3-4 broad, the lanceolate-oblong segments yellowish, 24-3’ long, spreading; anthers linear, equaling the segments, emarginate at base; staminodia yellowish, very broad, square, toothed, half-shorter than the anthers ; ovary oblong, stipitate, the cell 4-6-oyuled; style 8-9” long, filiform.—California. MILLA. Sonth American species are omitted. § BRODLEOPSIS. Tube broadly funnelform, exceeding the segments; stamens in 2 rows at the base and middle of the segments. 1. M. GranpirLora, Baker. 1}-2° high; flowers 6-30, on jointed pedicels, deep-blue, 8-10" long; ovary stipitate. See page 354. § EUMILLA. Tube funnelform, 14-2 times shorter than the (oblong-lanceolate) segments ; stamens in one row on the throat of the tube. 3?) strict, 2-6’ long, thickened at top; valves of the spathe many, linear; perianth whitish, 15-18” long, seements carinate with a green midvein, the inner ones narrower ; stamens 2-2} long, subsessile, wing- less; ovary oblong, on a short obeonic stipe; style 5-6” long; cells 5-9-seeded.—Mexico ; New Mexico, (1913 Wright.) 3. M. capirata, Baker. (Brodiwa, Benth.) Leaves 2’ broad; scape 1-2° high; valves of the spathe many, lanceolate, violet ; umbel crowded, 5-9-flowered, pedicels 3” long or less; perianth 7-8” long, deep lilac-blue ; stamens 14” long, sessile, the alternate ones emarginate-winged ; ovary narrowed at base; style 2’ long ; cells 8-9-seeded.—California, and in New Mexico and Arizona a form (Var. PAUCIFLORA, Torr.) with 2-4-flowered umbels. 2. M. prrtora, Cay. Leaves 4-6, filiform, 6-12’ long; scape 6-18’ high; flowers 1-4, the pedicels § TRITELEIA. Tube funnelform, equaling or rarely exceeding the segments, or 14-2 times shorter ; stamens in 2 rows, upon the tube. In N. American species, pedicels jointed ; umbel many-flowered ; ovary long-stipitate. * Filaments elongated, winged laterally at base. (Calliprora, Lindl.) 4, M. rxtomes, Baker. Scape 6-18’ high, with 2-3 leaves, 2-6’ broad; valves of the spathe 3-4, linear; umbel 10-20-flowered, the pedicels 1-2’ long; perianth yellow, 7-12” long, the lanceolate-spatu- late segments dotted with green, twice longer than the turbinate tube; filaments flattened, 3-cuspidate, 2-24” long; style 13” long; cells 5-6-seeded.—California., * * Filaments very short and wingless, or none. California. (Seubertia, Kth.) 5, M. naxa, Baker. Leaves 2-4” broad, 1° long or more; scape 12-18’ high; valves of the spathe many, 6-9” long; umbel 8-20-flowered, the pedicels 1-3’ long; perianith deep-blue, 15-18’ long, the lanceolate acute segments shorter than the tube; anthers linear, exceeding the filaments; stipe of the ovary 6-9” long, cells 12-15-ovuled ; style 14” long. 6. M. pepuNcULARIS, Baker. Leayes 3-4” broad, 1° long or more; scape 14-2° high; valves of the spathe many, linear; wmbel 12-20-flowered, the pedicels 2-3' long ; perianth blue, 8-9” long, the lanceo- late-spatulate acute segments a little exceeding the tube; anthers sessile, 14 long; stipe 2-24’ long; cells 3-4-seeded. 7. M. croces, Baker. (Seubertia, Wood, 1. ¢., p. 171.) Scape 1° high, exceeding the linear leaves ; valves 4, shorter than the pedicels ; wnbel 5-6-flowered ; perianth yellow, 9” long, the segments obtuse ; anthers oblong ; cells 5-seeded. § HESPEROSCORDIUM. Tube campanulate, 3-4 times shorter than the segments; stamens more or less distinctly 2-rowed, upon the tube. 8. M. nyacrnTHIna, Baker. Scape 1-2° high, with 2-3 leaves, 1-6” wide; umbel 10-30-flowered, pedicels 3-1/ long; perianth 4-7” long, greenish white ; cells 2-3-seeded. See page 354. 9. M. maritima. Seape 3-6’ high; perianth 3” long, segments scarcely connate. See page 354. This species is here added to the genus notwithstanding the very short tube of the perianth. APPENDIX. 491 JUNCUS. Drawn up from the extended revision of the North American species by Dr. GzorGE ENGELMANN in 7rans. Acad, Sct. St. Louis, Vol. II., pp. 424-498, (1868.) 1. GENUINI. Scape nake e basal she also leafless, or r. F ae § xENUINI. Scape naked, the basal sheaths also leafle ss, or rarely bearing terete leaves similar to the scape. * Flowers il luster } « jicle« =f ane He « ¢ 7 3 C * e€ $ in clusters in a compound panicle; stamens 6; sheaths leaf-bearing, (unknown in J. Cooperi.) ; 5) the next, the inner deeply emarginate ; stigmas thick and short-subulate ; capsule deep-brown, almost 5 oe pie c . . aa, : globose—Europe ; 8. Africa; S. America. Coast of S. California. aa : : ais mane = . ; 2. J. Coorert, Eng. Stout, rigid, nearly 2° high; clusters 2-5-flowered in a strict green panicle 3! , M74 . ay og 3 Ql/ « ceolate .) Stamens 6. 48. J. Noposus, L. 6-15’ high; stolons tuberiferous ; heads 8-20-flowered, brown; sepals lance- linear, acute, shorter than the slender beaked 1-celled capsule; seeds reticulated.—The typical form from Hudson’s Bay to Pennsylvania and Wisconsin and west to the Pacific. Var, MEGACEPHALUS, Torr. ; see page 358. Var. TExaNus, Eng. ; taller, panicle compound, flowers larger (24'’) and more numerous, an- thers obtuse, often twice as long as the filaments; only in Texas. APPENDIX. 495 (b.) Seeds caudate, (1.) Stamens 3. 49, J. CANapensis, J. Gay. Heads few-many-flowered ; outer sepals the shorter; eapsule prismatic, mostly exsert and short-pointed.—Very variable. From N. England and Canada to Wisconsin, and south- ward to Georgia, Ohio and Illinois; Louisiana. (2.) Stamens 6, (or often 3 in J. caudatus.) 50. J. cAupaTus, Chapm. Stems 2-3° high, terete and with the rigid leaves smooth; panicle com- pound or decompound, suberect, 2-6/ long; heads 2-5-flowered ; sepals nearly 2” long, lanceolate, 3-5- nerved, the outer acute, equaling the stamens, the inner subulate, longer ; style very short; stigmas exserted ; capsule pyramidal, acute, dark-red, long-exserted ; Seeds linear-oblong, many-striate, }/ long, the tail mostly longer.—S. Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. 51. J. Asprr, Eng. 2-3° high, stem and leaves rough ; sepals 23" long; seeds larger, dark, the tails often reddish.—N. Jersey. * * Leaves compressed and equitant, ensiform. Stems compressed or ancipital ; flowers pedicelled, in few-many-flowered heads; stamens 6-3. 52. J. Merrenstainus, Bong. Stems compressed, 7-14’ high; flowers very dark brown in a single head, rarely 2-3; capsule broadly obovate, obtuse, mucronate. See page 358 53. J. XipHiowEs, E.Mey, Stems 1-4° high, ancipital; heads few or many; capsule prismatie, acute, sometimes rostrate——Very variable. See page 358. Other forms oceur in California and north- ward to Unalaska. 54. J. OXyMuRIS, Eng. Stems 2-3° high from a creeping rootstock, erect or ascending, compressed ; leaves 1-2)’ wide ; panicle decompound, 4-6! long, spreading or strict; heads 5-10-flowered, pale ; sepals about 2” long, linear-lanceolate, acuminate-awned, the inner often a little the longer, mostly shorter than the lanceolate rostrate 1-celled capsule; s ovate-oblanceolate, reticulate with smooth areas.—California. 55. J. PILBOCEPHALUS, Eng. Stems erect, compressed, with 1, few or rarely more heads; sepals 2-2)" long, dark-brown, lanceolate-ovate, equal, acute to subulate or sometimes obtuse, usnally equaling the obtuse or acute long-mucronate capsule ; anthers 2-3 times longer than the filament; style equaling the ovary ; stigmas long, exserted ; seeds ovate, pointed each way, $” long, reticulate, the areas smooth- ish.— California ; variable. 56. J. cHLORocEPHALUS, Eng. Heads pale; sepals broad and obtuse ; style several times longer than the ovate ovary ; stigmas shorter; capsule ovate, obtuse, shorter than the sepals. See page 359. gmas exserted, the style equaling the ovary; seeds } long pia YUCCA AND AGAVE. The following addition to the Catalogue of the plants of Nevada and Utah is from Dr. Grorar ENGELMANN as a result of his recent study of our hitherto ill-defined and little understood species of these genera. YUCCA, L. Perianth cup-shaped, of six (whitish) petal-like lance-oval acutish leaves, withering-persistent, longer than the six club-shaped stamens. Stigmas 3, more or less united. Pod oblong or cylindrical, somewhat 6-sided, 3-celled, the cells incompletely 2-celled by a partition from the back. Seeds very numerous, flat, horizontal, in 6 rows, black, with the linear straight or curved embryo diagonal, as long as the albuinen.—Stems woody, fibrous, very short or rising into thick columnar palm-like simple or branching trunks, bearing persistent rigid linear or lance-linear mostly sharp-pointed leaves, with smooth, rough, or filamentose edges, and terminated by an ample compound panicle (or rarely a spike) of showy pendulous flowers, opening wide in the evening and half-closed in the morning. § 1. EU-YUCCA,. Filaments club-shaped, obtuse, papillose-pubescent, mostly shorter than the pistil, often spreading or recurved; anthers oblong or sagittate ; ovary prismatic or subeylindric, obtuse or narrowed into a sort of style ; stigmas clongated, bi-lobed, papillose. * Sarcocarpa. Pendulous fruit fleshy and indehiscent; thick seeds somewhat rugose, with deeply lobed (ruminated) albumen. 1. Y. BaccaTa, Torr. Bot. Mer. Bound. 221. Stems none, or short, or several feet high; leaves very thick and rigid, lance-linear, narrowed above the broad base, concaye, terminating in a stout spine, with very coarse marginal fibres; flowers panicled; petals rhombic-ovate (14-14' long) or linear-lanceolate, (sometimes over 3’ long;) ovary attenuate into a style; stigmas short; fruit ovate or cylindric, long-rostrate.—From New Mexico and §. Colorado, through 8. Utah, to Arizona, California and Mexico. Northward a low plant, it becomes a tree farther south ; leaves 14-2° long, 14-2’ wide. The edible sweet fruit are often called “ Dates ;” seeds variable in size, usually the largest in the genus, 5-6’ wide, 1$-14” thick. * * Clistocarpa. Fruit indehiscent, at last dry; seeds thickish, smooth, with the albumen entire. 2. Y. BREVIFOLIA, Eng. (¥. Draconis, Var. arborescens, Torr. Bot. Whipp., Pac. R. R. Surv. 4. 147.) Tree-like, at last much branched; the short narrow leaves crowded at the end of the branches, thick, very rigid, stout and sharp-pointed, not narrowed above the broad base, serrulate on the margin ; panicle sessile at the end of the branches; fruit large, 4’ long, ovate, pointed.—Deserts of S. Utah, through Arizona, to 8. E. California where it forms entire forests on the desert plateaus at 2-4,000 feet altitude. Often 20-30° high and 1-2° in diameter, with a thick rough bark; leaves 4-6’ or in younger specimens 10-12’ long, +4 wide, stiffer and stouter pointed than any other in the genus. The flower when known may make it necessary to remove it from § Luyueca. *** Chenocarpa. Erect fruit dry, septicidally 3-valved from the apex, the valves at last again divided at tip; seed very thin, smooth, with an entire albumen. 3. Y. ANGUSTIFOLIA, Pursh. Stems none or short; leaves narrowly linear, scarcely narrowed above the broad base, rigid, spiny-pointed, nearly flat above, convex below, with very slender marginal fibres, 14-24° long; flowers spiked; petals broad-ovate, 14-1} long; stigmas half as long as the ovary, sessile, erect; capsule cylindric-ovate, thick, obtuse, short-pointed; seed large, (5-7 in diameter,) with a wide margin. Var. 6. RADIOS’, Eng. Stems several feet high; flowers in large panicles; petals narrow lanceolate, 14-1} long. Western plains to Texas, Colorado, New Mexico and into Utah; the variety in Central Arizona and northward to the borders of Utah. .--.68,436 obcordatus) Mls ee soseeeee eee 439 obscurus, 8. Watson...........- 69, 437 Oocarpus, GLAYj\= = 1sc) ce a amane se 440 oophorus, 8S. Watson........---. 73, 441 Orevanus, Nutt.o..- 222.255. -.526 38 oroboides, Hornem. --...---.---- 435 OXYPNYSUBIGlayes- seen eccee eae 442 Palmers Grayiqne sees = sess eee 445 Palliseni i Gtayeecsescssa- cteeeece 444 Parryiy Grayi-sscmee- ss aces eset 440 pauciflorus, Hook. ........------ 444 INDEX. Page. Astragalus, pectinatus, Doug]. .----..--..--- 443 KON ME a BREa> dacdos atootses AAL Plattensis; Nutt. a. 12 aieetane 35 platytropis, Gray ..:--.-----.--- 66, 435 polaris, Benth... ceesea eee 446 porrectus, 8. Watson.......-.--75, 444 IPTEUSSU GLA ce mecc eerie 443 pterocarpus, 8S. Watson. .----. -- 71, 439 pubentissimus, T. & G. -...- Porshii, Doug). eaase eyo ea. pycnostachius, Gray-.--.--.----- 443 Pacemosus, Pursh-a>s]s--so--1-- 437 POMOC US Het One eee entre 436 RobbinsuniGrayes.ceeiceeestceee 70, 438 sclerocarpus, Gray..-----.-----..-- 444 sericoleucus, Grayi.----..-.---<-- 445 SCLOLNUS, ROTAY aeeeieleeeee 445 Shortianus, Nutt. <...---.-.----- 440 simplicifolius, Gray..--..----.- 77, 445 Sonor, Grayioce- tease oersmoine 445 Spaldin ou sGrave see eet eee 435 sparsifiorus, Gray-----..--.---=- 439 speirocarpus, Gray...-.-.....-- 7A, 444 stenophyllus; TD. a&iG. een 444 succumbens) Douplae- eo n-=—— 437 tegetarius, 8S. Watson...--.....-- 76, 444 tener, .Graye- sees ae reed tephrodes!iGraye eons -- = ee 443 MhyrarbersGrayonesssse eee 442 trichopodus, Gray.:----2-...---. 442 tridactylicus, Gray..-........--. 445 triflorus; Gray. cco. ee. cesar 440 triphyllus, Pursh. .... seeeeeoe, OB Witahensis, Wl. & Ge eos es. sanene 440 VACCALUIN, GOLA y ee = eee 436 Wacinatos eal gies soso Wallosus; (Vix gece neers nee eae 439 Whitney Gray ae ae cose oe ecin 441 WTC DUS Gisiyioe teeters sei oe ela 436 Atropis Californica, Munro. -...-..-..----.387, 388 distans; GUiseb: saeceee eee eee 385 Audibertia, sbenthtesa. teen eee eee 225 incana, ebenthee ss ee- <2 se eee 235, Aulacomnion androgynum, Dill. ...----.----- 407 palustre; DiS eee eee 407 SAGY OND) HOvGU a), Lied aee amie micyoteicte re miele eeereteee 392 CEO diy pcripa hese Gnconoanopocscec 392 Bahia, Magic semen sei aera a aietalats 175 mubellaGray scent eieeereeiee ei aeere eer 174 WoallaceiGraiyseeecreceece aes 174 leucophy lla, DC sie cae ete iiseintnnine 173 Baileya,, HarvsGoiGrayiseerse cisternae) ar 425 pleniradiata, Harv. & Gray-..-..----- 425 Bailsanvorrhizd, selOOk. eteerseiettaetaree si aire =a 167 hirsuta, Nutbapes es ecien 3- 167 LOO Keri, GNU ths ee sane cleanin = = 167 macrophylla, Nutt. ...--...-. 168 sagittata, Nutt. ....-........- 168 Banalia occidentalis: Mog. <2... ccs ccwsccac 297 INDEX. Page. Barbarea vulgaris, R. Br. ...-....--..-...--- 16 Barbulabrevipes, Lesqx. -----.-----.-..----- 400 Jesvapilaw Brice SCR ep ssce sso seeceoe. 400 | MAMI eel Aacast geacenacesteces 400 TUTALIS Di eee cape sasccas 400 Saybia, IDWS se osssetgodescooscces 400 Batrachospermum yagum, Kiitz..--..-..---. 415 iBeckmanniabOstieeneesereaconesaeee ceeaees 393 eruceformis, Host. ........---. 393 IBERBE RUDE At esse see ecieviee a aor aoe eee 13 Berberis Aquifolium, Pursh........---..-.--- 13 Tiinaneh Ati eesoeececoncsne secs CKR | jOONIEE IUE) AREAS 8 Sep Seepecbonae 13 mepens, Wind. 222s). c secs sac < ees 13 BGPAOy, Ibi se seaedeessd Seeks SSS een ees eR SapenS 45 GRAN aoe OU Wein c. oec sa tyocstee otis eed 45 IB CSSOLa OCH ULusmeneer esas occ mistee sole eam cess 429 elegans SONU treme ete esis ee series = 489 Betularalbaslineemetccseescese ce sceeccesn. (ote elandulosapVixteeeciceecin- ses esa. aeeeneoee occidentalis, Hook. -:-....-..--..-.-. 323 papyraces, Alte s2escccniccssecceiecas OeO BRUUMA Chania tanec eee ee neease secs) eo BiahoraiGeciplens: shits esses nt sea 413 mlobiferabrsasce cere tceese cece eae 413: RUSSELL oO Keema eroeeee ease see 413 Blepharipappus, Hook. .-.....---.-..--._---- 176 Scabern Hoo kes secre eae 176 Blitum capitatum, L. ........-----.--------- 288 Nuttallianum, R.& S. .-.-...--.----- 288 polymorphum, C. A. Mey. ..---.------ 288 TROTUM, OIC Ms iatate cee calc ese ae ltelaiste= 288 Bloomeria aurea, Kell. ...-...----. .--------- 488 Boa 1b caposonoecosbaTaao.coodese Secc 475 IBORRAGINA GE As sees stecre ei elnia cinta lewteler= ale= == 238 Brachythecium albicans, Neck. -...---..----- 409 asperrimum, Mitt. --...-----. 409 Collinum | Sch lemse= =. le<=<(-10/= = 409 Tes bomM wBrGe Cle cea = neil 409 TLVDlare, Brace Cl. ea c=\= <== 409 mURE QUID -ooeseceoSusds 408 salebrosum, Hoffm. -.-..----- 409 Utahense, James ....--..--.- 409 Brassica CATMMpPestrish Mis aa -= aces ce oem e ale oe 28 nigra, Benth. & Hook. ..---.-.----. 28 Brevoortia, Wood. ---- - Soeocenoocs Eee) SGHBIVET \WGCi le sees scapceonocan 490 | Brizopyrum spicatum, Hook. ....-...-------. 385 Isa abe MONS Saha ceosea coeseonceccusceee 137 atractyloides, Gray.------.------- 138 CalitfornicayGrayessesee anion 38 grandiflora, Nutt. .----....---.--- 138 linifolia, DSCs Baton= 22. ----—— 137 microphylla, Gray.----.------.--- 38 oblongifolia, Nutt. ....-...---.--- 137 spinulosa, Gray 139 AARP ERO aes OORDOLe Soe BOOSSe 138 Brodigea, Sralthe see oes --— olcl ene ene omen =1- 900,400 Capitata Benth. =. =ssis-siscs2ss== = 490 CoccinedmGay~eeee esis === == 490 64 Brodiea congesta,. Sm. ..5-. 40-22 312, 485 | procumbens, L. ..--- ---------+---- 2% staticoides, Benth. .....--..-.-. 484 | Collinsia parviflora, Dougl. ...-.------------- 216 stellulata, Benth. ...-..-.-.---. 484 | Collomia, Nutt. .---------------------- 261, 462, 464 MNIATMS bata, ksi Gece ee seen = 484 Cavanillesiana, Don ......-...-.---- 465 Wratsoni, Tide Ge = 25.522... 313, 485 gilioides, Benth. ..---. .-..-------- 404 508 Page. Collomia gracilis, Dougl. -....--=-..------ 262, 464 erandiflora, Dougl.,< -2---=-22-s+2 261, 464 heterophylla, Hook. ......--------- 465 leptalea, Gray .-...:--..--------- 262, 465 linéaris, Nutt. 2.2.4. ose eae eae 261, 464 longiflora, Gray... 2s a2 s===5 =e = == 465 tenella, Gray2-scecsescc ace eene 262, 464 | Thurberi, Gray eecsn esece cette mm 465 Comandra pallida DC i trne wens ccicsee ees oes 319 umbellata, Nutt: -.-scersccesicsce 319 COMMEEY NAGE Ss ase neneancaecisaciwes =< cases _ 309 COMPOSIM Meee este nea nearety-core etn e n= 136 Gonanthus.S:, W atson.2o.-2 os sceeceeese-=cse 256 aretioides, S. Watson ...--..----- 256 WONTRER ate ose eee este nee eereeemitecererce 330 CONVOLVUTACE: 20/2 rocicinte sae soe Gee ose 273 Corallorhiza multiflora, Nutt.'..---...---. -.-- 342 Cordylanthus; Nuttt...-222cte-sesereoene =a 231, 459 canescens, Gray. ~...-2.----- 233, 460 | capitatus, Nutt. .....-.----- 231, 459 flifolius;9Nuttsscssc eset se ~ 459 King, iS. Watsona. ss. 2e see 233, 460 laxiflorus, Gray... ..---.---.232, 460 | maritimus, Nutt. ...-- sees, A60 mollis) (Gray co---s-ceser-- ss 460 pilosas;Grayjooceece anes eee 459 ramosus; Nutt. .ssce.ecseec- 232, 459 tenuis,Gray.22se-secc ae oc 232, 460 WirightiisGrayeoas sens sect eee 459 Coriandrum™sativoam; Lisws-.- ieee ss oeoelen oe 13 Corispermum hyssopifolium, L. ..---. -.----- 293 CORNSCEE winsincs Sacenciswidessacieenstacoseec=== 131 Gormus: pubescens; aNutts cect ciesen a set eas 131 BOLICCR (Lite stew eke mictiiaioleve oeloettricieices 132 Corydalis, anmreae Will dinceme se nitecleweeisie=— a1 14 Gowania, IDont5-=3. -peceetccne sacse cece sass 83 Mexicana) ON aceme oc meee ease coe 83 SlANSbUTIANAVLOLL: .< seo oe Sena, sla icinte 83 GCRASSULACE a, -5 eh nen eer ce et ears 101 Crategus Douglasii, Lehm. ...-..--.--------- 92 Tivularis, Nutt 220.2... cectas =< ee-= 92 sanguineas Palllveooe etemee erecta a= 92 Creépis, Li.cescc.cSone leche siecceasecscisseces 202 acuminata, Nutt ecccn2seseeeec case 203, 204 ANMeTSONI Ty) Gi ayacn acsyes= See eosiet ces 203 glauca, Ws Goda. 22ascsss me'ate sesieinie = mee UOR| occidentalis; (NUbt,:.co.s some-- 471 rostrata, Shuttl. -<.5-.-2s5---.--=- V2 BQ UAMalasOn Os eee ener anatme 472 subinclusa, Dur. & Hilg. -.-.-----274, 472 tenuiflora, Eng. -......-..-.---.-273, 471 umbellata, Kthe ease akeamaiane atce oa eAL |(Gyclobothras Sweet). ceo neat secre see eee cere 347 | Gym Op beLUS Wale eeete cir eee we cieei ates 123 | ANISAGUS OLA aces e ete siaa 125 foeniculaceus, Nutt. .......----- 124 Plaucus NUL Ree ase eee eee 124 longipes, 8. Watson...-.-..----- 124 montanus, Nutt. -....---. .---123, 124 Nivalis; Sa Watsons. sere. ase 123 terebinthinus, T. & G. -.-..---- 125 Cynapium apiifolium, Nutt. ...--.----.---.---- 125 (Opranoly (olsy. pase Sao coceds coS SS ScrS SoS apercose 360 Cyperus aristatus, Rottb. ..-.......--...----. 360 | meus Mi ere eet ere tee en etetereas 359 phymatodes, Muhl. ....-....--..---. 360 Cystopteris fragilis, Bernh. ......---..-----.- 396 RECENCY a Saco oocaeeobouead cosa ces= 414 | DaleaErémontii Orr. tee sete eles eee 65 | Kam Oils. WiatSOl ats ami mete sever iemieniere 64 Jobnsoni, 8. Watson ces. - qq =eeem ap eaee 64 lanaitas SPren Gove ccrtsciserers amie seen eree 419 Lamiiginosd, INUbbe ce mise n ice iae sain e 419 Moly denia, MLOrEs ccs sees eee seer 64 | Danthonia Californica, ‘Bol. -----2 0-22-22 c= 392 | Datura meteloides, DC. ...--.---------.----- 425 | Stramoninms Wises. se scence asec Eto | Delphinium depauperatum, Nutt. -...---.---- 12 elatumyilis sec ceit= eeaieceeecacas 11 Menziesti; DC 42 sot aceeesasecen Talat | scopulorum, Gray ...-...---..--. 11 | Desmatodon cernuus, Wahl. ..-......-....-.- 399 flavicans, Br. & Sch. ....-..---. 399 latifolius, Br. & Sch. .=..-.----. 399 Dichwia, ANU ese sce ee esereee seen 174 | Dichelostemma, Kths -- aetwe sean eae eee eeeee 353 | Didymodon eylindricus, Nees & Hsch. -.----. 399 | Tubellus Rothe acme eee eee OOO | Dieleriannoana, lai Sal Gr eseetceeuetsece esata) 2 147 VISCOSH, INUthapectlone ene eeeetetanee = 147 | Diplopappus alpinus, Nutt. ...--.-----.------ 147 | ELICOLdeS se UeiSen Geteerestois= =| = 147 | Distichium capillaceum, Hedw. ....-.-----.. 400 inclinatum, Swartz...--...--...- 400 Dodeeatheon frigidum, Ch. & Sch. .--.-....--- 214 Meadia Mises cnc. soses. see eee 214 Donianmiflora, HOOKo meen at sic - oai-\a.2 ee eee 161 | Downineia, slorr.(-aes cesses ccces eee eee 208 INDEX. Page. Downingia pulchella, Torr. ...-....----..-.-- 208 Drabar digida, A dams\ine sna see oer nn nosso 21 ailpinaly tnpeee eae an es seaitatn as 20, 21 aurea, Wallies ea ace toesaccne 22 Caroliniana, Walt. ....-. .----- 23 Mouglasil Grays saeteescas ae 22 glacialis, Adams....-..2-...-=.. 21 muxicella, Wahl) Saeeeaeseaiae = 21 | MOM OLOSH pliareeis sat rete esate se 22 MVDOULS lat) ane etata moa etetelate a =e 22 stellata, acs messes elec =i, 21 Dracocephalum parviflorum, Nutt. .....--.-. 236 Dryas Drummondii, Rich. ..---- SenRicnesaae see 84 octopetala, L. -.-..----..--.- Sesnasaua 84 Batonia obtusata, Gray-----<.<5-2-0---<2 --20 383 Echinocactus, Link & Otto.-.--.-----.----.. 116 PONDSONI WE Bry as nase cms cine 117 polyancistrus, Eng. & Big. .--. 116 polycephalus, Eng. & Big. ..117, 421 pubispinus, Eng. ..---. ..---... 117 Simpsonisbnge esse ose coe | LLG Whipplei, Eng. & Big. ..---.-- 116 Echinospermum deflexum, Lehm. ..-. ..---.- 245 floribundum, Lehm, ....----- 246 patulum) ehm. ---.2..2..5. 246 Redowskii, Lehm. -......--- 246 strictum, Nees..-...--------- 247 Eddya hispidissima, Torr. .----.-------------- 247 Edosmia Gairdneri, T. & G. .----- --- Sena 1vAl Elatine Americana, Arn. ..--.------.-.------ 45 TRA Op A (CALC G Goaaac seeeaoeeecerene » 45 TDIENGDON NE ocean Seoon seediccodeangasse leptons 45 EXLEAGNACEZ.--..- ------ «222 ---5---------- 318 Bleagnus, L. .--------------- --<------------ 318 arpentea earls. ceo see === =" 318 Eleocharis acicularis, R. Br. ..---.-..---..--- 360 Palusivisy, Walle eee aie ae 360 Elymus condensatus, Presl.----.---.-------- 391 Sitanion) Schult. seertsaccsee seco 391 Emmenanthe, Benth. .-....----.---.-------- 256 glaberrima, Torr. -... --.------ 257 glandulifera, Torr. --...------- 257 parviflora, Gray--------------- 257 penduliflora, Benth. -.-.------- 256 Enecalypta rhabdocarpa, Schwieg. .----.----- 401 Vil CANIS, ey wieta tania = ease = maim 400 Encelia ae ede ORCS RE A REA Pa ReeSoca 423 | Endocarpon miniatum, Scher. .-.--. .----.-- 413 | Ephedra, L. .-------------------++-+-+------- 328 antisyphilitica, C. A. Mey. .---.---- 328 pedunculata, Eng. .------------+----- 330 GTifULCA, pLOMT, eae = seem sieeeinia* == 329 Epilobium alpinum, L. .----.------------- 103, 421 | angustifolium, L. .-.--.---------- 104 coloratum, Muhl. --...---.-..---- 103 obcordatum, Gray .----.----------- 104 paniculatum, Nutt. ...----------- 103 | tetragonum, L. ...---.----------- 103 Epipactis, Hall .-.....--- Se ee eee eae eames 341 gigantea, Dougl. ....------------- 341 509 Page. EQUISETACE.® BORno RA Mesacr SoasSs ehh! Equisetum arvense, L. .......----..-.--.---- 394 hiem slew ligeeesse ae eee eee 394 Lesyigabums A iBl.re-aan eee ease = S04: TODUStOM > As Giemsa eee eee 394 Eragrostis powoides, Beauv. ......-..---.---- 388 Purshil;bernh. jase eee eee see 388 Hremochloe;,S: Watson. =: -2n5s= ssn seeeses ace 382 Bigelovii, S. Watson...-....-.-. 382 Kan gil) SW atsonlsecer eascee--- 382 ISRICACE Minera sclsisoinematam ener eeiceeeretesee 209 JEUOHN GEG, NMIDIS. Bc appa basace Gsoo suceeenosac 158 (UY USUI hl ide meae noceaetaLe =a0 159 IDEAL Chass IDG Goposansodac spas so seeceeee 149 Bellidiastrum, Nutt. .------.--... 150, 422 bellidifolium ) Muhlk "soe e seas 151 Blooment, (Graiygens-eia= =e eee 148 BIeOWeLl Ga yrece see isel-eineilsee eee =e 151 czespitosum, Nutt. -...-.:--...----- 153 Canadensey lies ceases ee eee 147 compositum, Pursh .--...-...---- 147, 148 COnCinNnUM yl. eo. Gaeeees eee Lol doe glabellumy Nuttege see teee = ee semne 150 grandiflorum, Hook. ...-...--...--. 148 lonchophyllum, Hook. .---..-..---- 149 macranthum, Nutt. .22-2-0-+---e-= 150 MANUS N Wo bsge see eee ee el OD: ochroleucum) Nutt. -2---sss-- eee a- 152 pumilum Nuhtgesas-e scents esse lol, Ae PAacemosum, INUG.) = s-ce-\ee=-eceee coe 149 stenophyllum,-D. C. Eaton ...-..... 152 MNIHOLUIMs Wie oseccieee cee cee e ee om aG, ursinum;D:C: Waton!--2--4-=--6-=- 148 HETiocoma, Nutt. ------252—s~ pen eee ha 379 CUSpld ata eN UuUem eee seeraeeeeees 379 IBIRIO G ON Rie er eter ee eeeheee ere ee 476 Briogonum, Mx. <2)-- ccc qccmecna= ance eo; 410; 400 Abertianum, Torr. ..---......... 483 ACAULO NU tbslescinsee eee cemener 300, 479 VERE Koes Gocco seescu 2cocos 477 rAndinium: Nuttas- oe see oee ae == 299 angulosum, Benth. ...--.------ 309, 483 androsaceum, Benth. -...-.-.---. 478 ANNUUM Nuts ea cee em iar eae 480 atrorubens, Emg. <.2--=---- -----. 477 brachypodum, T. & G. ..--...-.. 482 brevicaule, Nutt. ....----.----304, 480 cespitosum, Nutt. .--..----.--298, 478 cernuum, Nutt. ...--.-.--.----308, 482 CliatUM Lotte se seis oem 483 cinereum, Benth. .----.-..--.--- 480 compositum, Dougl. ..---. ------ 478 corymbosum, Benth. ...-. ..---. 803, 480 dasyanthum, T. & G. ..---.----- 481 deflexum, Torr. ...---.------..-306, 482 dichotomum, Doug]. ---.-------- 481 divaricatum, Hook. ...--------310, 483 Douglasii, Benth. .-------------- 478 elatum, Dougl. ...--.-..---.--302, 479 elongatum, Benth. ...--.-------- 481 510 Page. Eriogonum ericefolium, T. & G. ..---------- 480 fasciculatum, Benth. .... -..-.302, 480 flavum, Nutt. ccvcee -wceeeeecee ee 477 glandulosum, Benth. ..---.-.---. 482 Gordoni; Benthy 2.5.2.0. o ese - 483 gracile, Benth. .........-.-. ..305, 481 Greggil, Lid Go 2-25. e-ise-- == - 483 Heermanni, Dur. & Hilg. .----- 306, 481 | heracleoides, Nutt. .....--- ----299, 478 hieracifolium, Benth. .......---- 477 | iIncanums Lo GiGe cones een eee , 478 | inflatum, -Corte-.-~2---.-----.009) 462) intricatum, Benth. ...-.. -.----- 481 James Benth). tens eee cess 477 Kellogiy Gray... sa5s2c2--2ce eo 478 Kanone, SeiG. eee eee SOL ATS, lachnogynum, Torr 479 latifolimmsSmp-aes shes mcecereee = 479 Lobbity DandeiGet a5 ees se aene 300, 479 lonchophyllum, T. & G. ..-....-. 480 longifolium, Nutt. ...-..-....--- 477 marifolinm, "..dz:Gi'ss-ecee ser 478 microthecum, Nutt. ........-..-. 480 multiflorum, Benth. .........--. 480 multiceps) ‘Neeses.. 2... senso 479 miVvenM DOU lec se eee seen 481 | nudum sou eases ee ee ee ae 479 nntans< Weds Ge cece ee 307, 482 oblongifolium, Benth. ....-.---.. 479 ovalifolium, Nutt. -.......--..301,479 paryitoliom,.Smt}ss2s-<--seeee ee 480 pauciilorum.sPurshecsesseeceeses 479 pharnaceoides, Torr. -.....-...-. 483 Plumatella, Dur. & Hilg. ......306, 481 polyanthum, Benth. ........---- 478 polycladon, Benth. ..-...-...... 481 prolifernms ls dc\Gae esses sos 479 | pusillum, WGaiGeccrace es soe 308, 482 pyrolefolium, Hook. ...--...---- 478 racemosum, Nutt. ---..-.. .-..304, 481 reniforme;, Torr: .sss2-se2 eo - seoUS) Age rotundifolinm, Benth. ......----- 482 salsuginosum, Hook, ......---- 310, 483 spergulinum, Gray...--..----- 310, 483 | spherocephalum, Doug. ..-.--. 299, 478 | strictum, Benth. s:-2) 22-0222 -7.- 481 tenellum,/Worn:\ee =<. senses sees 483 Thomasii, Torr, : <<2-..2.-=- ee oe Thurberi, Torro... fsa ees ee. VAB2 thymoides; Hools, cols. sess cece 477 tomentosum, Mix...) 2... sce 47 Torreyanum, Gray .----2:-- == 227 | sanguinea, Woe is. 2- essence 96 Grave; els Gg Ace aces eee cia ae ate aie ahs Sar 292 | Hieracium albiflorum, Hook. .-.--..--------- 200 polygaloides, H.& A. 7-2. - 2 220-- 222 292 ScouleriHookeo ae 22s 22 soe eae 199 Spinosd, Moq..<225 -.-<-2 ee -aeeee <22- 292 | tristes\Willd. een sa eseotes eee 200 Grimmia anodon, Br. & Sch. ...-....-------- 403] Hierochloa borealis, R. & S. ....-..---.------ 3983 apocarpa, Brs.d.yochs .s-4-em—s— 522 4035) Hippurisiyulearise iseeecre secs eerste 102 Calyptrata, Hooke 9-4 tesese <2 2 403 | Hordeum Himalayense, Ritt. ...--...-------- 391 conterta,, Bunk. sec=-2=-etee + +e ee 402 UD RGU elem eee eee senna 390 leucophea, Grevis se s222-e ee mee 404 DIAbeDse, qeUdasese eee eee een emOoe. montana, Br.é& Sch. tesco. -se2.-2< 404 Horkeliain@ hdc schiimaseas seat see ele aie 89, 447 owata, Web: & Mohr a2 ss22 252.202. 403 | Bolanderi,' Gray. -22- = eee eee 448 orbicularis,, Bra Go Sch... oa2c= <=! = 403 | Californiea, Ch: & Schv 2... --=.---- 447 pulyinata, Dils 2. 2. ences 403 | capitata Lindl. <<< =< 2222 era =m 447 Grindelia, Willd. 163 | congesta sHOOk, e-eee ta eee eae 448 squarrosa, “Dnnalle22 222s 25/27 - 163 fusca lind sees os eecse= 448 Habenaria dilatata, Gray...-..-. 222-2 5- ce seisace 905: | VIOUAGE Rec). soci os sisicanie se socite ss ae en Oe POGCUMEEN O Ubas.c ae ae eee aoe ee 205) Viscaria, DGS Rotbhy, oss. asses tea a eee. DRE GURU Us Aaa pen SE tae seen Oona IZ Weberaalbicans:; aw ablaseeemses seen toe 405 MACOCHING, NUbUs, iscsi on selea ses 17 Chud aa SChieb: eececeeee ee eee eee 405 patula, Grah. ..----- -- Dawe seecee ogee 18 MUGADS COLO ac cetera te ser 405 FEMO;TaCla, SHOOK. nae elena eee 18}} Weisia:crispula, (ledwen sas see seenee eee ae 398 Typha latito lias cies sche oo aoe 3o¢,|sWeldeniasochult.t.0 eam - ornare 349 TY PHA CE Aa. a52 eo ae seae a eee eee 337 | Woodsia Oregana, D. C. Eaton..---..--.--..- 397 Ulva merismopedioides, Woods ..-...-------. 415) scopulina, D. C. Eaton......--.----- 397 UMBELLIFERR ...0c2202e¢.2-c5 soccnaee-+ cose , 126) Wiyethia: Nit. 2a. ec > i. a ® “Tm 3 0112 02721950