W^Ovo i iui^ Uwaancgraphic Instilution mm A U. S. TREASURY DEPARTMENT COAST GUARD BULLETIN No. 37 INTERNATIONAL ICE OBSERVATION AND ICE PATROL SERVICE IN THE SEASON 0/ 1 NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN-[ ,95 r^ r\ Ar BIOLOGICAL UBORATC^Y LIBRARY WOODS tiOLE, MAc; W. H. 0 L U. S. TREASURY DEPARTMENT COAST GUARD Bulletin No. 37 INTERNATIONAL ICE OBSERVATION AND ICE PATROL SERVICE IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN P. S. BRANSON R. P. DINSMORE SAM PISICCHIO FLOYD M. SOULE CG-188-6 Season of 1951 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1952 UNITED STATES COAST GUARD Washington, D. C, 22 May 1952. Transmitted herewith is Bulletin No. 37, International Ice Observation and Ice Patrol Service in the North Atlantic Ocean— Season of 1951. Merlin O'Neill, Vice Admiral, U. S. Coast Guard Commandant. Dist. (SDL No. 49) A: a, aa, b, c, d, dd, e, f (SORREL, LAUREL, COWSLIP, EVERGREEN, CACTUS only), i (1) B: e (5);b,c (2); d, g, 1, m (1) C: a, b, d (1) D: h (5); c, e (1) E: d (5) List 133 (III) ABSTRACT The major features of the 1951 season were: (1) The early recession of the southern limits and destruction of field ice due chiefly to easterly gales, and (2) the unusual lack of icebergs. A total of six bergs is estimated to have drifted south of the 48th parallel (50-year average is 433 bergs annually) ; three drifted south of 47° 00' N., and none were observed to cross south of lati- tude 46°00' N. Although records indicate that in the years 1940 and 1941 only two bergs were reported south of latitude 48° 00' N., the services of ice patrol for these years were conducted with re- duced forces and without the benefit of aerial ice observation, and it is conceivable that both of these years were more productive than the data indicated. In 1951, aerial searches were conducted as far north as latitude 60°00' N. The sparsity of bergs was excep- tional. Because of the lag of about three years between the pro- duction of bergs and their journey to the Grand Banks area and the lack of any post-season ice observation census in Baffin Bay since 1949, it is difficult to speculate what forces were responsible for the absence of ice. [IV) TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword "^'^ _ __ VII International Ice Patrol, 1951 -, Aerial Ice Reconnaissance ~~ P Communications _ _ ^ Ice Conditions in 1951 t Followed by figures 1-6 -----------"--"/.^-"/.facing'page 8 Weather Table of Ice Reports, 1951 '---'-'--' ~~~~~~_ lo Physical Oceanography of the Grand Banks Region and" the Labrador Sea in 1951 __ _ .„ (V) FOREWORD The activities of the International Ice Patrol for the 1951 season are presented herein. This bulletin adheres to the same general pattern established in previous years except that the "Table of Ice Reports" returns to the former practice of listing all ice reports chronologically without regard to whether the particular report was north or south of any particular latitude. Similarly, the monthly digest of ice conditions incorporates all significant ice information in all latitudes. Obstructions other than ice, such as drifting buoys, derelicts, etc., have not been included in the "Table of Ice Reports" since their significance therein is doubtful. The oceanographic section was prepared by Oceanographer Floyd M. Soule, Lt. P. S. Branson and Lt. (jg) R. P. Dinsmore. Lt. ( jg) Sam Pisicchio, U. S. C. G., prepared the sections pertaining to the conduct of the International Ice Patrol. (Vll) INTERNATIONAL ICE PATROL. 1951 In 1951, Capt. Garrett Van A. Graves, U. S. C. G., was Com- mander, International Ice Patrol. Commander David W. Sin- clair, U. S. C. G., was the senior aviator in charge of ice patrol aircraft and Lt. (jg) Sam Pisicchio, U. S. C. G., served in the capacity of Ice Patrol Officer. Forces assigned were two PBIG flying fortresses; one oceanographic vessel, the U. S. C. G. C. Evergreen; and two ice patrol vessels, the cutters Acushnet and Androscoggin. Due to the lack of ice, the Acushnet and Andros- coggin remained on stand-by status at their home ports during late winter and were released outright when it became evident that their services would not be required during the 1951 season. The ice patrol staff and office, including Coast Guard Radio Sta- tion Argentia (NIK) were based at Argentia, Newfoundland. This was the hub for the collection, evaluation, and dissemination of ice information received from all sources. The ice patrol season, which began with the arrival of the first PBIG at Argentia on February 14, and ended on May 24, was one of the shortest in history. Regular ice messages to the U. S. Hydrographic Office, Washington, were commenced on March 6; scheduled ice broadcasts from Coast Guard Radio Argentia (NIK) to shipping were inaugurated on March 13 and all ships traversing the ice patrol area were requested to furnish sea water tempera- tures and weather conditions to NIK every 4 hours along with any ice sighted. It is pointed out that the commencement of these regular ice broadcasts was not dictated by the existing ice condi- tions which in no way threatened the trans-Atlantic steamer lanes. Commander, International Ice Patrol, did feel, however, that even though the information reported was generally negative, it would reduce the requests for special information which had already begun to assume considerable proportions. At no time during the season did there exist even a remote threat to the established steamer tracks and in early April, Com- mander, International Ice Patrol submitted a recommendation to the North Atlantic Track Agreement Authority that shipping re- main on track C instead of effecting the scheduled seasonal shift to track B on April 11. No action was taken on this recommenda- tion. As a result of aerial scouting on May 2, track G via the Strait of Belle Isle was considered navigable and open to shipping. This 204964—53—2 I development was disseminated to maritime interests via the ice broadcasts. It is significant that the navigability of the strait at such an early date is almost without precedent. The absence of the ice patrol cutters from participation in the season's activities plus the rotation of one PBIG aircraft between Argentia and its home base helped keep operating expenses of ice patrol to a minimum. The oceanographic program was conducted, as in recent years, by the Coast Guard Cutter Evergreen. Three oceanographic cruises and one post-season cruise were made and are discussed in detail elsewhere in the bulletin. AERIAL ICE RECONNAISSANCE The entire ice observation service was conducted by two winter- ized PBIG (converted B-17) aircraft without support from the ice patrol cutters. As already mentioned, the absence of any threat to the established shipping lanes permitted a rotation of aircraft between Argentia, Newfoundland, and the home base of Elizabeth City, N. C. Flight plans were usually about 1,200 miles in length (8 hours) with flight lines 25 miles apart. It was rare, even under the most ideal weather conditions, to find the entire search area free from fog so that it was necessary to rely on a radar search whenever visibility was restricted. Loran, with readings taken every 3 minutes, was the most effec- tive tool at the navigator's disposal which, with the aid of celestial navigation, made it possible to pinpoint continuous fixes, the maxi- mum error rarely being more than a few miles. A trained ice observer, responsible for defining and plotting all ice sighted, was carried on each flight. Since there was little ice of any conse- quence south of latitude 50°00' N., most of the 27 flights were conducted between latitudes 50°00' N. and 55°00' N., and several flights searched along the Labrador Coast as far north as 60°00' N. The total hours in flight for both aircraft was 198.2 hours, cruising 29,808 miles and searching 600,790 square miles. The average duration of a flight was 7.3 hours, although individual flights ranged from 2.5 hours to 10.5 hours. Only 139 bergs were sighted. A policy of waiting for favorable weather before dis- patching a flight contributed to the efficiency of each flight and made for good visual effectiveness. Flights were made about twice a week, the greatest interval between flights after the for- mal inauguration of ice patrol services being 7 days. COMMUNICATIONS Since the success or failure of an ice observation service is directly dependent on the efficiency of the communications tech- niques employed, it has been the constant aim of the International Ice Patrol to improve and perfect all phases of the communica- tions involved. In 1950, many agencies responded to our long standing request to make criticisms and suggestions for improv- ing the communication procedures, and the United States Coast Guard was able to incorporate most of these recommendations in the communication plan for the 1951 ice patrol season. Some of the more important changes and progressive measures adopted were: (1) Relocation of Coast Guard Radio Argentia receivers to a new site to eliminate the blocking previously caused by the proximity of transmitting antennae. (2) Changes in times of broadcasts to reduce interference with Navy Radio, Washington (NSS), and Canadian Radio, Halifax, N.S. (CFH) schedules. (3) Introduction of new frequencies for ice broadcasts to elimi- nate the interference and skipping encountered in frequen- cies previously used. (4) Simultaneous transmissions of both morning and evening ice broadcasts on all three frequencies to eliminate areas of "skip" and give continuous coverage from the station to extreme range. (5) Increased power output of transmitters. (6) Adoption of 468 kilocycles as an alternate working fre- quency when 480 kilocycles is not readable. In 1951 the daily schedule of ice broadcasts to shipping was commenced on March 13 and continued until the termination of the ice season May 18. Each broadcast was preceded by the gen- eral call to all ships (CQ) on 500 kilocycles after which the trans- mitting station, NIK, announced the ice bulletin with the operating signal to shift to 155, 5,320, and 8,425 kilocycles. After shifting to these frequencies, there followed a 30-second delay to permit shipboard operators to tune their receivers. The ice bulletin was then broadcast twice on an automatic keying device with a con- trolled timer, the first transmission being made at 15 words per minute and the second transmission at 25 words per minute with a 2-minute interval between transmissions. Broadcast times were at 0048 G.C.T. and 1248 G.C.T., with simultaneous transmissions on 155, 5,320, and 8,425 kilocycles. The pattern of the ice bulletin remained more or less unchanged throughout the season. The preamble consisted of a definition of the extreme outer limits of both field ice and icebergs, after which followed a chronological 7-day resume of ice conditions, the most recent information being listed first. The usual distinction was made between ice sighted by units of the International Ice Patrol, i.e., ice patrol aircraft or the oceanographic vessel, and that sighted by other units. The former was listed as ice sighted and the latter as ice reported. Reports of sea water temperatures, weather and ice reports were solicited from merchant vessels with the commencement of the daily broadcasts of the ice bulletin. A tabulation of reports received for the entire season is as follows : Total number of ships sending reports 176 Number of ice reports 64 Total number of ships sending ice reports 28 Number of water temperatures 1779 Total number of ships sending water temperatures 154 Total number of ships requesting special reports 12 Of these ships sending reports approximately 42 percent were British, and 21 percent were United States vessels. A total of 18 nationalities were represented by these reports. Maritime agencies and vessels making use of this service are again urged to submit criticisms and suggestions for better service to the Commandant, U. S. Coast Guard, Washington 25, D. C. ICE CONDITIONS 1951 JANUARY The first ice report for the 1951 season was received from the U. S. C. G. C. Castle Rock, which, on January 5, while enroute to Ocean Weather Station "B", reported three growlers near 51°35' N., 51°03' W. During the last week of the month, PBY air- craft from the U. S. Coast Guard Air Detachment at Argentia, Newfoundland, made preliminary ice reconnaissance flights in compliance with a request from Commander, International Ice Patrol, The outer limit of field ice was determined to extend from 48°40' N., 53°05' W., to 50°30' N., 52°00' W. FEBRUARY By February 6, air reconnaissance revealed that the field ice had drifted southward to an approximate southeast limit of 49°45' N., 50°40' W. Since this indicated a normal seasonal trend, Com- mander, International Ice Patrol ordered the first PBIG aircraft to Argentia for ice observation. Coast Guard Aircraft PBIG 77249 arrived at Argentia on February 14, and the results of flights made on the 17th and 18th defined the outer limits of field ice from Baccalieu Island, Newfoundland, to 48°30' N., 49°15' W., to 49°05' N., 49°40' W., thence northward to 52°30' N., 50°50' W. The number of icebergs observed in the pack ice was very few, and it was this fact that aroused the first suspicion that a less than normal ice season might be in prospect. On the 21st the first berg south of latitude 48°00' N. was re- ported by the S. S. Nova Scotia near 47°45' N., 49°00' W with loose strings of field ice extending 15 miles to the northeast. " This was the southernmost ice reported for the month. The second ice observation aircraft, PBIG 77255, with Com- mander, International Ice Patrol, arrived in Argentia on Febru- ary 28. During February, two aerial flights were made. It is estimated that three bergs drifted south of latitude 48°00' N. Distribution of field ice and icebergs is shown graphically in figure 1. MARCH What later proved to be the southernmost penetration of a berg durmg the entire season was reported by the S. S. Senhora Das Candets on March 3 near 47°16' N., 46°59' W by the S S Idefjord on the 4th at 46°52' N., 47°25' W., and was last sighted,' small and deteriorating, by the ice patrol aircraft on March 15 at 46°33' N., 47°35' W., having drifted south-southwestward at about 4 miles per day. A thorough aerial search of the southern and eastern slopes of the Grand Banks on March 3 confirmed the absence of ice and bergs in that area. A flight on the 4th, placed the field ice limits of loose strmgs from Baccalieu Island to 48°35' N., 50°00' W., indicating no appreciable change from the limits observed in mid- February. On March 14, an air search north and northeast of the Grand Banks to latitude 50°00' N. indicated that, except for occasional loose strings, no ice pack of any description remained m that area. Apparently the strong easterly and southeasterly gales which had prevailed for the preceding week had all but destroyed what little ice there was. Thus, the earlier indications that the ice season would most probably be a light one were sub- stantiated. On the 15th two flights searched the eastern edge of the Grand Banks between latitudes 43°00' N. and 48°20' N.; except for the berg mentioned above, the only ice sighted were several small growlers m the vicinity of the Virgin Rocks (probably the rem- nants of the berg reported by the S. S. Gli7nmaren on the 10th at 46°55' N., 49°30' W.). Two flights on March 20 between latitudes 47°00' N. and 52°35' N. eastward to longitude 50°00' W. completed a search of the en- tire ice region from the Tail of the Grand Banks to the Strait of Belle Isle. Further recession of field ice limits and an absence of bergs were revealed, confirming beyond any doubt the destruc- tion of field ice which had been considered a potential threat to the northern routes early in the month. Again easterly gales which prevailed from the 17th through the 19th were probably the responsible factor. In view of this evident lack of both field ice and bergs, one PBIG aircraft and crew was ordered to return to its home base for a 2-week period on March 22. Also, both of the ice patrol cutters, the Anish7iet and the Androscoggin, were placed on ex- tended stand-by since it was obvious that, barring some extreme development, their services would not be required this season. Unfavorable weather precluded further searches until March 30 when a flight scouted the area between 47°00' N. and 49°00' N. from the coast to longitude 47°00' W., the only sighting being a growler in Conception Bay, Newfoundland. The annual aerial survey of ice conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Cabot Straits was inaugurated by the Canadian Department of Transport on March 7 and reported "ice condi- tions abnormally good" with an assurance of a very early opening of navigation. Reports of about a dozen bergs between latitudes 56°00' N. and 58°00' N. and longitudes 36°00' W. and 40°00' W. by the U. S. C. G. Cutters Mackinac and Rockaway while enroute to and from Ocean Weather Station "A", on about March 10, were prob- ably the most unusual sightings of the month. Their position, well southeast of southern Greenland, raises some speculation as to a possible shift in the general current pattern in that locality. During March, 10 flights were made. It is estimated that two bergs drifted south of latitude 48°00' N. Distribution of field ice and icebergs is shown graphically in figure 2. APRIL A flight on April 1 searched along the Labrador current to latitude 55°00' N. and defined the outer limits of loose strings of field ice from Cape Bauld, Newfoundland, to 53°10' N., 52°10' W., thence northward. The only two bergs sighted were well north of latitude 53°30' N. On the 8th, it was decided to explore the area well north of the usual search areas to ascertain whether any ice between latitudes 53°00' N. and 56°00' N. might conceivably menace shipping late in the season. When a total of only six small bergs and several growlers was observed in the entire area searched, there remained little doubt that the 1951 season would be recorded as one of the lightest seasons since the inception of Ice Patrol services. The policy of returning a PBIG aircraft to its home base was therefore continued. On April 19 a flight was carried out to ascertain the navigability of the Strait of Belle Isle and eastward along track "G" to longi- tude 53°30' W. Since the northern passage was found to be par- tially closed and strings of field ice were observed from the western entrance to Point Amour, passage through the strait was not recommended except for ice-protected vessels. A total of five bergs and growlers was sighted in the strait. The only field ice remaining in the Newfoundland area extended close inshore from Fogo Island to Cape Bauld. Several grounded bergs were sighted in the vicinity of Funk Island and Cape Freels, Newfoundland. Due to reduced visibility in widespread fog patches, four flights were necessary between April 20 and 26 to scout visually the area between latitudes 47°00' N., and 50°30' N., west of longitude 48°00' W. Except for the grounded bergs sighted on the 19th, no ice was discovered. The same held true for the flight of the 30th north of that area to latitude 52°00' N. The Canadian Department of Transport discontinued aerial sur- veys in the Gulf of St. Lawrence on April 30, reporting all routes to river and maritime ports clear for navigation. The extreme eastern limits of scattered ice observed by this semce during the entire season were sighted in early March from Heath Point, Anti- costi to the Magdalen Islands, a marked difference from the normal. Ten ice observation flights were made during the month. No bergs were known to have drifted south of latitude 48° 00' N. Dis- tribution of icebergs is shown graphically in figure 5. MAY After establishing the navigability of the Strait of Belle Isle in early May, a PBIG aircraft was dispatched to Goose Bay, Labra- dor, for aerial ice observations along the Labrador coast as far north as Cape Chidley. On May 6 this plane effected a search 60^ miles off the Labrador coast from latitude 55°00' N. to 60°00' N. Consolidated pack ice close inshore along with about 59 jcebergs were observed from the entrance of Hamilton Inlet to 59°00' N. Field ice was light and open north of that point. On the following day, nine bergs were sighted in open water from 55°00' N. southward to 51°40' N., west of longitude 51°00' W These bergs were so small that their chances of survival were Soof^^^x?"^ ''^^■^^^'^^^^- '^^^ southernmost berg was sighted at 52 57 N., 52°58' W., and was the only ice that was given any chance of completing the long journey to the Banks by entering the eastern branch of the Labrador current. Between the 7th and the 19th this berg was sighted numerous times both by ice patrol aircraft and merchant vessels on track "G". Its final sight- ing on the 19th in position 51°36' N., 53°45' W., indicated a south- southwesterly drift at about 7 miles per day over the 12-day period, i he berg was now so far west and was so reduced in size that it could no longer be considered a possible menace to the major trans- Atlantic lanes. With this threat removed and final searches be- tween 47°30' N. and 50°30' W. eastward to 48°30' W., removing all doubts of possible bergs in that area, the ice patrol season was terminated. Commander, International Ice Patrol, and staff de- parted Argentia on May 24. Commanding Officer, Coast Guard Air Detachment, was directed to conduct periodic flights between latitudes 49^00' N. and 52°00' N. to detect any bergs drifting south in that area. Five ice observation flights were made during the month. ^ No bergs were known to have drifted south of latitude 48° 00' N. Distribution of icebergs is shown graphically in figure 6. ^ I -^ JUNE-OCTOBER No known icebergs came south of 48° N. during this period. i NOVEMBER-DECEMBER On 25 November the S.S. Mina L. Kambanis sighted a berg 200 feet high and 800 feet long at 48°30' N., 50°15' W. It is estimated that this berg drifted south of 48° N. during the month of De- cember. WEATHER Due to the lack of ice and the remoteness of the southernmost ice from the steamer lanes, weather did not play its usual major role in the operations of the ice patrol. At no time did there exist any urgency to effect a flight when the predicted weather was maro-inal. Nearly all flights were scheduled either after the wmds of a'passing disturbance had shifted to the northwest (thereby introducing a fresh flow of dry polar air into the search area) or when a dry high-pressure area was dominant. And yet, even with these ideal meteorological conditions, it was rare to find the area north of latitude 50°00' N. completely void of low stratus and fog. Weather did, however, exert considerable influence on the ice conditions during March, especially the field ice which might have developed into a threat to the northern tracks. A deep, stagnant cyclone south of Sable Island between March 9 and 13 produced east to southeast gales that all but destroyed the crop of field ice This, followed bv a Great Lakes low pressure system that moved south of Newfoundland and stalled between the 15th and 18th (southeast winds) and a central Labrador storm on the 21st (southerly gales), left the area south of latitude 50°00' N. com- pletely void of pack ice except for scattered remnants and loose strings. ■ , • j The weather during the first half of April was characterized by a series of numerous, slow moving low-pressure areas passing 8 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 5 2° 5 1° 5 0° 4 9° 4 8° 4 7° 46° 45° 44° 43° 49"! / GENERAL CHART ^ / COVERING f ( ICE PATROL AREA ^- bergs ^>~^ .^^ ABOl-r THE O - GROWLERS "^^P"^ GRAND BANKS »»f,ed,ce / NEWFOUNDLAND 1 ^?t t^MiffH.'^ H/^V'V^ .xi^ « f- ^^ " ' 49 4tt" X -^^: '^^>'v.-4jUift)pJ^< in If R 1^ ^ i ' 48' .,-p .„.„.., .,...^- r 4 :/ 'A I /; ' ^ ' P '/'v. ■-■ <: \L % V X /'' ':'_ 'vmmmc »*, ,,' ' - 'h'"^^ : \^ '^: ' . ' \ 46 P: .» -'-"' \i ''- ■ ' \ i ^ " ^ _ , , / ,-'' ^-- ' O ,■ '■'■. '> i , 1 " ^ ^ GRAND BANKS ',■■'' j-a ' '.:.: ::. -_"/■-"';; ;i 'y . \^ , ;..',_ -, 1 ^'.> ^r V-, t. ' '- ■■■•• '■-' ■. 1 , - - - ' , AA' - - V _ s V - y '■'■■■'' '';'-■'-. - - - ' ~ \ / : ^1* 43' -"":^;.7 \A ' - V \^ '' ■, ' 7^^ \ 19* 1 r - ^ -^ - "^' ' ' 42° MB '"'"T"/ '""">'.. '12" 41° * l>^. \ s-| ICE CHAp?T 'lO" \ *v^ ?^ febHruary 1951 40° 39° ''"I,l,„" imlni^iio !>'*■ 5 9° 5 8° R 7° 5 6° 5 5° 5 4° 5 3° 5 2° £ 1° 5 0° 4 9° 4 8° 4 7° 46° 45° 44° 43° Figure 1. — Ice conditions, February 1951. Figures indicate day of month ice was sighted or reported. 204964 0—63 (Face p. 8) No. 1 A a t( P A ii asuDl3 49' 48° 47* 53° 52° 51° 50° «4 ,1* H' # ^H^ •xSg 46' ft- 45"' 44° S!=JM^ 7^ — r- 43° 42° X^ ylW\Wl"" '"fyiiii I '/">,„ A. 40° ICf CHAlkT MARCH 951 ''''''''^'''Z,,Z.mM 39° 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° Figure 2. — Ice conditions, March 1951. Figures indicate day of month ice was sighted or reported. 204964 0—53 (Face p. 8) No. 2 )i^ 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° Figure 3. — Ice conditions and surface isotherms for the period 15-31 March 1951. Figures indicate day of month ice was sighted or reported. 204964 O— 53 (Face p. 8) No. S u.-'f. Sy 58° ^'^ ^T , ^.^° -^ .^1^^— r-,=^i|^-^-^ ^^^^-^-i-^^°^3-TrT 50° 47° 46° 45^ 44° 43° 59° 58° 57' 56° 55° Fi4° 1=;^° >;oo rio r^o ^.q' 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° Figure 4.— Surface isotherms for the period 1-15 April 1951. No ice was sighted or reported within the limits of this chart during the period. 204964 O— 53 (Face p. 8) No. 4 58° 57° 56° 55; ^^° ^^° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° ' 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° Figure 5.— Ice conditions and surface isotherms for the period 16-30 April 1951. Figures indicate day of month ice was sighted or reported. 204964 O— 53 (Face p. 8) No. 5 w ■j-f^ ii^ 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53' 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° Figure 6. — Ice conditions, May 1951, and surface isotherms for the period 1-13 May 1951. 204964 0—53 (Face p. 8) No. 6 se 'GS south and southeast of Newfoundland; thus, the prevaihng winds were from the easterly quadrant for almost the entire period Although this pattern was altered somewhat during the latter part of the month, with the passing of several storms north of the Strait of Belle Isle, the more intense cyclones were still "north easters" in the ice-patrol area. Since, during an average year an equal number of storms pass north and south of Newfoundland' the track of most of these "lows" to the south during April was a marked departure from normal. The influx of warm, moist air over the area during the first 8 weeks in May gave indications of a changing trend from winter to summertime conditions. Storms were less numerous and not as violent as in the preceeding months. Pressure gradients showed a marked tendency to weaken and become ill-defined, and by the end of the ice-patrol season, southwest winds, with at- tendant fog, had established themselves in the Grand Banks Climatological records at both the U. S. Naval Station at Ar- gentia, Newfoundland, and the U. S. Air Force Base at Goose Bay, Labrador, as well as observations from other sources indicate that the winter of 1950-51 was one of the mildest on record both from a standpoint of lack of snow as well as temperatures. What effect If any, this had on the lack of bergs is the subject of speculation at this time and will require further study before an evaluation can be made. 204964—53—3 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1951 North West No. Date Name of vessel lati- tude longi- tude Description 1 Jan. 5 U. S. C. G. C. Castle Rock. 51 35 { 50 30 51 03 55 00 3 Growlers. 1 I to t 2 Jan. 23 U. S. C. G. Aircraft 50 30 1 52 00 thence northward 53 40 1 52 35 1 Outer limits of drift ice. J 1 3 Jan. 29 U. S. C. G. C. Castle Rock. to 51 50 1 50 50 [North of a line from ^Observed heavy pack ice. 1 J 50 15 1 55 30 4 Jan. 30 U. S. C. G. Aircraft to 50 15 1 53 50 North of 49 45 1 and i Young pack ice cover nine-tentbs. ) 5 Feb. 6 do 1 West of ] Light open field ice one-tenth cover. 1 50 00 to (Thence ten-tenths cover. 51 30 J 6 --.do.-.. do 50 25 51 25 Small berg. 7 Feb. 8 U. S. C. G. C. Castle Rock. 49 48 49 42 Heavy scattered field ice. 8 Feb. 11 Feb. 14 Ondina 55 42 49 40 33 21 50 08 Small berg. 9 U. S. C. G. C. Rockaway- Large patch field ice extending 10 miles to westward. f 49 44 54 10 1 10 Feb. 15 U. S. C. G. Aircraft to [Field ice nine- tenths cover. [ 52 15 55 33 J 11 Feb. 16 Bullaren 48 35 49 09 Field ice and growlers extending west and north at least 10 miles. 12 -.-do.--. U. S. C. G. C. Rockaway- 59 28 38 12 Small berg. f Baccalieu Island 1 to J 48 30 1 49 15 13 Feb. 17 Ice Patrol plane to 49 00 1 49 10 thence northward Southern limits field ice. 14 -.-do.--.. do 48 35 49 05 4 small growlers (same as No. 11). 15 .--do-... do 49 00 f 48 50 49 45 49 10 Small growler. to 16 Feb. 18 do ■ 49 05 1 49 40 [Eastern limits field ice. [ 50 30 50 50 17 ...do..-- do 50 45 50 46 Berg. 18 ---do.... do 51 09 51 32 Do. 19 -.-dO---- do 51 29 51 25 Do. 20 ...do do 51 32 50 05 Do. 21 -.-do do 50 31 50 49 Growler. 22 .--do.... do 51 19 50 54 Do. 23 -..do do 51 38 51 06 Do. 24 ...do do 52 16 50 49 Do. 25 -.-do.--- U.S.C.G.C.McCuUough- 48 54 49 27 4 growlers. 26 .--do Mormacfir 55 40 f 48 00 33 44 50 00 Small berg and growlers. 1 27 Feb. 19 Gripsholm to [Strings of field ice. 48 20 48 30 1 28 ...do Taurus 54 05 32 50 Large berg. 29 ...do .- Trollafoss 59 06 31 41 Do. 30 Feb. 20 Wilh. Colding 48 00 50 10 Berg. f 48 00 48 35 1 . [Loose strings of slob ice. 31 Feb. 21 Nova Scotia { to 1 47 50 49 00 J 32 ...do..-- do 47 45 49 00 Berg. 33 Feb. 22 Aircraft 49 50 50 10 Large berg. 34 Feb. 25 Derrynane 48 13 49 20 Berg and narrow belt of field ice (same as No. 11). 35 Feb. 28 U. S. S. Redbud 48 21 48 00 Berg. 36 ...do Dettif OSS 55 54 39 05 Do. \ 49 05 50 15 [ice floes. 37 Mar. 2 do to [ 48 40 50 40 J 38 Mar. 3 ..-dO---- Estevao Gones 47 25 48 49 47 16 46 59 Growler (same as No. 11). 39 Senhora Das Candeias - - Berg (same as No. 35). [ Baccalieu Island [Southern limits field ice. 40 Mar. 4 Ice Patrol plane to 48 35 50 00 J 41 -.-do--.. do 48 05 50 00 . Loose isolated strings field ice. 42 ...do do 48 06 49 35 Do. 43 .-.do...- do 46 40 49 35 Small berg. 10 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS. 1951— Continued Date Name of vessel North lati- tude West longi- tude Description Mar. 4 _do. _do_ Idefjord Lyngenfjord- do Mar. 6 Mar. 7 ..do_._. _do_ Nova Scotia U. S. S. Redbud- U. S. S. Edisto— _do_ ..do. Mar. ..do. .do. Ice Patrol plane. do Mar. 8 U. S. S. Edisto. .do U. S. S. Redbud... .do U.S.C. G.C.Coos: Mar. 9 ..do ..do.... ..do ..do ..do-... ..do.... ..do.... Mar. 10 ...do.... ..do-... __do.... Mar. 11 Mar. 12 ..do... U. S. S. Edisto. U.S.C. G.C.Mackinac. TroUaf OSS do U. S. C. G. C. Mackinac, do. do do Glimmaren U. S. C. G. C. Rockaway. do do do Unknown. do... Mar. 13 Mar. 14 ..do.... ..do ..do..-, .-do--.. ..do--., --do---, .-do.-- ..do... Mar. 15 .-dO-_- .-_do-__. .--do.-- ...do... ...do.-- Mar. 15 .....do do Mar. 16 Aircraft. Ice Patrol plane- _.do .-do --do ..do ..do S. C. G. C. Sorrel. ..do ..do Ice Patrol plane. do do do do do Blue Foam.. U. S. S. Redbud. Aircraft do 46 52 47 35 47 48 47 39 59 53 48 02 48 10 50 00 49 00 47 19 51 03 50 50 51 22 47 03 52 10 52 00 52 00 52 00 52 45 48 00 49 40 48 24 52 48 50 00 52 00 to 50 00 I 52 25 Brede Fjord shore to shore between 45 47 48 00 52 25 45 30 50 05 53 10 to I 54 45 53 58 55 43 57 28 56 52 56 17 56 28 56 38 57 06 46 55 58 13 58 02 57 35 57 08 59 06 to 54 00 39 37 30 20 38 37 38 54 38 53 38 32 37 50 49 30 38 00 38 10 38 28 39 36 48 50 to Simiutak 60 13 47 04 57 28 Cape 48 00 51 26 Spear to 1 51 00 48 30 I 50 40 I 51 00 to 1 52 40 northerly 53 14 53 15 51 22 51 26 51 26 47 19 47 14 47 29 47 35 50 44 50 58 50 51 52 51 51 06 49 00 49 00 thence 48 47 48 09 48 44 48 44 48 46 57 45 57 55 57 47 46 31 46 17 46 20 46 26 46 38 46 20 Small berg and several small pieces (same as No. 35). Several growlers (same as No. 30). Field ice and growlers (same as No. 30). Growler (same as No. 30). Numerous bergs. Entered loose pack, pancake and blocks less than one-third cover extending east and west to limit of visibility. IPack, pancake, block and slush ice f two- to ten-tenths cover. Berg. [Southern limits field ice. J Berg. !Pack, pancake, blocks and slush ice nine-tenths cover. Pack ice. Encountered broken floe ice. ■Pack, pancake, Vjlocks and slush ice nine-tenths cover. Small berg. Berg. Do. Small berg. Large berg. Do. Berg. Large berg. Berg. Do. Berg. Do. 17 miles east by south of Cape Race. Arsuk Fjord 55 52 I 38 20 50 30 I 52 00 1-Many bergs. Entered brash, broken remnants o storis about one- tenth cover' dozens of bergs and growlers. Large berg. Outer limits loosely scattered field ice. Berg. Growler (same as No. 53). Growler (same as No. 51). Growler. Growler (same as No. 51). Large berg. Do. Several small bergs in vicinity. Berg (same as No. 35). Growler and pieces of ice (same as No. 30). Growler (same as No. 30). Do. Do. Pieces of ice. Berg (same as No. 30). Several bergs in vicinity. Berg. Do. II TABLE OF ICE REPORTS. 1951— Contmued No. Date Name of vessel North lati- tude West longi- tude Description 92 101 Mar. 20 do., da. do., do., do., do., do., do.. 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 Mar. 22 ..do.. do Mar. 25 do. Mar. 30 Apr. 1 .do., .do.. Apr. 8 do do do do do do do do do do do Apr. 10 Apr. 14 Apr. 19 125 do. 126 do. 127 do. 128 do. 129 do. 130 do. 131 do. 132 do. 133 do. Ice Patrol plane.. do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. Baccalieu Island to 48 45 I 51 50 to 50 20 I 52 00 to 50 40 I 53 00 thence northerly 48 00 49 52 50 10 50 24 48 34 48 38 48 41 52 02 52 53 53 55 53 50 54 21 52 47 52 48 52 48 52 02 U. S.C. G.C. Sorrel. ..do.. Aircraft U. S.C. G.C. Coos Bay do Ice Patrol plane.. do Raritan Point to 59 48 1 44 45 to 59 48 I 45 22 to Igdlekasik Island to Raritan Point 59 55 I 44 24 to 59 41 I 44 24 to 59 41 I 45 to 10 59 48 59 48 to do., .do.. ..do.. do do do do do do do do do do do Aircraft do Ice Patrol plane.. 45 10 44 45 to Raritan Point 50 23 55 00 56 55 50 39 56 34 50 59 48 00 52 55 Belle Isle toward the ENE about as far as 52°00'. 53 38 I 53 05 54 30 I 54 00 Fogo Island to 53 30 I 52 00 to 55 15 I 52 20 to 55 30 I 50 00 thence northwest ..do. .do. do. .do. .do. do. .do. .do. .do. 54 22 53 35 55 00 55 12 54 48 55 12 54 55 55 07 54 12 55 45 56 18 58 30 43 30 Close inshore from Fogo Island to Cape Bauld, New- foundland. 51 57 I 55 30 Northward along Labrador coast Belle Isle to Point Amour. 54 13 54 32 54 35 54 58 55 04 54 19 54 30 54 55 55 07 55 07 55 08 58 30 57 55 49 01 49 18 49 32 49 42 51 19 51 25 51 31 53 27 53 23 53 31 53 12 57 07 56 40 56 43 ■Extreme outer limits widely scat- tered light strings and pieces field ice. Berg (same as No. 53). Do. Do. Do. Growler. Do. Do. Do. ) Field ice. Numerous bergs. Berg. Small berg, two growlers 3 miles to the east. Growler. Growler (same as No. 93). Limits of field ice. Small berg. Do. Occasional loose strings field ice. Thence medium close pack. Small berg. Do. 2 small bergs. Small berg. Do. Growler. Do. Do. 2 growlers. Growler. Do. Berg. Do. Field ice. •Light field ice. Light strings field ice. Berg. Do. Do. Large berg. Berg. Do. Do. 12 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS. 1951— Continued No. Date 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 Apr. 10 do do do....... do....... do do do do do Apr. 20 do Apr. 22 do Apr. 24 ..do.. ..do.. Apr. 25 do .do.. Apr. 26 do do Apr. 27 Apr. 29 do.- do .....do....... do....... .....do do do do May 6 Name of vessel ..do.. May 7 .do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. .-do.. ..do.. ..do.. do. do do....... do do May 11 do do .....do do do do do North lati- tude Ice Patrol plane.... do - do do do. - do.-. ..do....... do do da - do do -. do do U. S. N. .Aircraft.. -do.. ..do.. U. S. A. F. Aircraft. do .do.. Ice Patrol plane.. do do , Absecon Baird.... Ice Patrol plane.. .do., -do.- .do.. -do., .da. .da. ..da. .da. ..da. .da. .da. -da. ..da. ..da. ..da. ..da. ..da. ..da. -da. -.da. ..da. ..da., .-da.. ..da.. ..da.. ..da.. ..da.. ..da.. ..da.. ..da.. ..da.. ..da.. ..da.. ..da.. 51 42 52 14 52 15 52 16 52 19 49 35 49 51 51 38 51 50 52 42 49 17 49 43 49 11 49 09 West longi- tude 56 03 55 33 55 36 55 35 55 41 53 45 53 41 56 18 55 32 55 30 53 34 43 11 53 23 53 23 Close inshore from Fogo Island to Cape Bauld. Strait of Belle Isle Hamilton Inlet Goose Bay and Lake Melville to 59°35'. Hamilton Inlet to George Island. George Island to Gannet Island to South Wolf Island. 48 55 I 53 27 49 13 53 21 49 42 I 53 12 Cape St. John, Nfld... Notre Dame Bay, Nfld. 48 59 49 14 49 40 49 43 49 44 49 51 49 52 49 55 53 35 53 32 53 56 53 11 54 04 54 05 54 00 53 49 Hamilton Inlet to o9°00'close to beach and extending 20 to 30 miles off. /North of 59°00' \ Beach to 30 miles off... South Wolf Island, Labrador, to Ham- ilton Inlet; thence about 30 miles wide northwesterly at least 50 miles. 54 25 54 25 Patch field ice Hamilton Inlet to 16 bergs. Cape Harrison, Lab. 49 20 53 15 Berg. 49 30 53 28 Do. 49 38 53 37 Do. 49 50 53 55 Do. 50 10 54 15 Do. South Pas s Strait of Do. Belle Isl e. 52 12 55 45 Berg. 53 40 55 55 4 bergs. Off Gann et Island, Berg. Labrado r. 53 54 56 04 Do. 53 56 54 32 Do. 54 09 56 2H Do. 54 20 55 00 5 bergs. 54 25 53 50 Growler. 49 37 53 56 Berg. 49 39 53 43 Do. 52 48 53 34 Berg. 50 15 54 23 Growler. 50 18 54 30 Do. 50 22 54 04 Do. 50 33 54 18 Do. 53 11 54 04 Do. Description Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Growler. Do. Do. Do. Do. Berg (same as No. 128). Berg (same as No. 130). Berg (same as No. 128). Growler. Field ice. Scattered patches field ice. Clear but approaches obstructed with field ice. Hard ice. Open water. Six-tenths decreasing to three- tenths pan ice. Very few bergs. Berg (same as No. 127). Berg (same as No. 128). Berg (same as No. 130). Heavy ice. Field ice. Berg (same as No. 127). Berg (same as No. 128). Do. Berg (same as No. 130). Do. Do. Do. Growler. ConsoUdated pack, 58 bergs in pack. Light open field ice. Light belt field ice. 13 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS. 1951— Continued No. Date 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 May 14 ..do., do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. da. .do- ..do.. ..do.. ...do ...do ....do ....do do May 15 do May 16 do do do.. May 18 do do do. do do May 19 do do do do May 20 May 27 May 30 June 2 do do June 4 do Name of vessel North lati- tude June 5 June 10 June 28 June 30 July 2 July 5 July 6 July 7 do July 8 do July 13 do do. July 14 do do July 15 July 18 do do do do July 19 Toe Patrol plane. .do.. do., .do.. do.. do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. .do., do.. do da - do. Lismoria do do Ascania Asia do do do Aircraft do - do da do do do do Ice Patrol plane.. do Unknown ship U. S. S. Redbud Empress of Scotland.. Aircraft Hydro, Wash do do do da da. Unknown ship.. Hydro, Wash... Aircraft do Hydro, Wash. do do do do do da do do do da da do do do da do do do We.st longi- tude South Wolf Island across Hamilton Inlet to 60 miles east of Cape Har- rison thence north- west . 53 52 53 42 54 35 53 10 53 28 54 45 49 37 49 52 49 52 50 04 50 05 50 06 Off Cape St. John, Newfoundland. Entrance White Bay, Newfoundland. Notre Dame Bay, Newfoimdland. 52 24 I 53 38 Off Hamilton Inlet, Labrador. 54 27 54 30 54 45 51 22 51 34 52 20 52 20 52 21 52 19 51 37 51 37 49 20 49 20 49 20 51 08 51 17 51 21 50 51 51 30 56 30 56 00 56 05 57 16 56 34 53 22 53 34 53 43 53 28 55 42 55 42 52 40 53 18 53 30 58 18 57 53 57 22 50 20 57 30 20 to 30 miles wide off Labrador Coast from Gannet Island to Flase Cape; thence northward. 51 35 49 11 48 42 52 29 49 38 52 48 52 38 52 40 59 10 Between Bell Isle and Labrador Coast. 53 43 53 11 52 18 53 19 53 43 55 08 54 58 54 55 52 22 72 30 51 56 49 23 55 43 54 44 58 00 52 17 59 10 56 00 53 08 52 52 55 02 52 42 53 50 52 40 54 55 70 00 65 20. 66 12 69 18 70 00 69 58 52 59 55 25 57 18 55 52 41 57 56 40 54 59 52 61 55 52 51 39 50 52 50 52 56 54 55 54 56 56 55 35 20 08 35 53 05 07 20 44 47 50 41 50 56.5 12 12 04 35 19 Description Consolidated pack. Small berg. Berg. Large berg. Berg. Do. Do. Small berg. Berg. 4 small bergs. Berg. Several small bergs. Berg. Several small bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Small piece ice. Large berg. Do. Growler. Large berg. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Belt of close pack ice. Berg. Do. Large berg. Growler. Berg. Large berg. Small berg. Small growler. Berg. 10 growlers. Berg and small pieces. 2 bergs. Berg. Large berg. Numerous large and small sighted within 50-mile area Large berg. 2 growlers. Berg. 4 bergs. 30 bergs. Large berg. Do. Possible berg. Large berg. Berg. Large berg. Berg. Large berg. Do. Do. 5 large bergs. Large berg. Do. 3 bergs. 14 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1951— Continued No. Date 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 July 19 do ...do ....do ....do do do do do do do do do July 21 July 23 do July 25 July 26 do July 27 July 29 do July 30 do do Aug. 1 Aug. 3 do Aug. 4 do Aug. 8 Aug. 8 Aug. 15 Aug. 16 Aug. 17 Aug. 30 do Sept. 1 Sept. 3 do Nov. 1 Nov. 5 Nov. 16 Nov. 17 Nov. 25 Nov. 29 Name of vessel Hydro, Wash do do do - do - do do - do - do - ....do - - do - do do ...do -- do do do do ...do - do do - do do.. do do - - do do MATS Aircraft U. S. C. G. C. Barataria. Hydro, Wash do S . S . Harold T . Anderson. Hydro, Wash do., .do.. .do.. ..do.. North lati- tude U. S. C. G. C. Eastwind. Hydro, Wash do do -- do - - S. S. Michalakis - Hydro, Wash S. S. Mina L. Kambanis. S. S. Angusglen 54 24 54 35 54 37 54 56 54 42 54 45 54 50 54 53 64 54 54 56 54 55 55 02 55 03 54 35 52 02 52 53 56 16 53 23 52 58 64 39 56 09 54 46 52 14 .5 52 12 52 02 57 55 52 34 59 00 52 30 68 06 59 29 59 10 / 49 00 \ 49 06 52 27 65 17 53 27 54 17 53 04 62 06 61 51 53 44 56 25 50 49 50 40 48 30 48 56 West longi- tude 54 18 54 08 54 05 53 09 53 15 53 16 53 47 53 44 54 00 53 15 53 26 53 49 53 36 54 03 50 02 54 31 51 14 52 01 52 05 54 28 51 50 51 55 51 05 51 00 50 44. 44 00 51 57 45 00 51 41 54 38 48 07 46 45 50 36 50 36 53 22 55 25 55 01 55 12 54 57 53 25 54 57 55 47 59 23 50 25 50 20 50 15 48 42 Description 2 large bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Very large berg. Large berg. Do. Do. Do. 2 bergs. Large berg, breaking up. Large, low, flat berg. Small berg. Large berg and growler. Small growler. 2 large bergs and growler. 2 large bergs. 2 bergs. Berg drifting SE. 2 bergs. Large berg. Do. Large berg. \Two bergs located by radar. Large berg. Large berg and growlers extending SE. Berg. Small berg. Berg. Large growler. Large berg. Do. Do. Berg. Large berg. Berg 200 feet high and 800 feet long. Large berg. 15 PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE GRAND BANKS REGION AND THE LABRADOR SEA IN 1951 By Floyd M. Soule, P. S. Branson and R. P. Dinsmore 1 The 180-foot tender-class cutter Evergreen again served as oceanographic vessel of the ice patrol during 1951. No marked alterations affecting the oceanographic work were made in the vessel since the 1950 season. The oceanographic work of the 1951 season began with the Evergreen's departure from Argentia on 2 April to make a current survey of the waters over and immediately seaward of the south- western, southern, and eastern slopes of the Grand Banks with the survey extending northeastward as far as Flemish Cap. The work of collection of data began at station 4307, located at 43°32.5' N., 51°32' W., on the late afternoon of 3 April and pro- gressed eastward around the Tail of the Banks and thence north- ward to Flemish Cap where the final station of the survey, number 4385, was completed 12 days later. The Evergreen then proceeded to Argentia, arriving there on the morning of 17 April. This survey was made under most unfavorable weather conditions for oceanographic work. Only once, for the brief period of 3 hours, was it necessary to heave to because of weather; but conditions frequently reached the point of being just short of limiting con- ditions for oceanographic work. Because of the relative strength and direction of wind, sea, and current, out of the 79 stations occupied, the wire angle was 40° or greater at 20 of the stations, and of these the wire angle exceeded 45° at 12 stations. The Evergreen departed Argentia on 28 April for the purpose of making a second current survey, the area to include the waters over and immediately seaward of the northeastern slope of the Grand Banks; and to occupy the triangle containing the branch point where the Labrador Current divides into its eastern and western branches. The sui^vey was planned to begin with the counterclockwise occupation of the triangle beginning and ending at its northeastern corner and thence to work southeastward around the northeastern shoulder of the Grand Banks occupying an experimental network of stations between the triangle and Flemish Cap. ^ Contribution No. 601 of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 204964—53—4 17 Sailing-, orig-inally planned for 27 April, was postponed until the following day while a gale blew itself out. It was expected, therefore, that at least the first part of the sui^vey could be carried out with quiet weather. This proved to be unwarranted optimism. The work of collection of data began at station 4386, located at 49°58' N., 48°58' W., on the afternoon of 29 April. At 1016 the following day it was necessary to heave to on account of weather. Operations were resumed at 0438 on 1 May. At 0746 on 1 May oceanographic work was interrupted while the Evergreen pro- ceeded toward Fogo Island to assist in locating a man reported adrift on the ice. Oceanographic work was resumed 9 hours later. At 2135 on 3 May it was necessary to heave to again on account of weather, this time for 71/2 hours. Weather again forced an interruption of the work on 8 May when the ship was hove to from 1251 to 1826. These interruptions do not tell the complete story of the boisterous weather which was a succession of gales. Of the 79 stations occupied, 19 were occupied in winds of force 6 or greater, including 4 with force 8. The final station of the survey, number 4464, located at 46°47.5' N., 44°51' W., was completed on the morning of 10 May. The Evergreen then proceeded to pick up a carboy of water at 45°41.5' N., 44°39' W., for use as a sub- standard of salinity. A course was then set for Argentia with arrival there on the morning of 12 May. The Evergreen departed Argentia on the evening of 21 May to make a third current survey of the Grand Banks region. This survey was planned to cover the waters over and immediately sea- ward of the eastern and northeastern slopes of the Grand Banks, including occupations of sections T, U, and W, and extending to the area just northward of the latitude of Flemish Cap, with the work beginning at the southern end of the area and progressing northward. Accordingly the work of collection of data began at station 4465, located at 43°20' N., 50°15' W., on the early morning of 23 May. There was a delay of an hour and a half on the evening of 31 May while a defective electrode cable for the von Arx current meter was replaced. At 1136 on 3 June, after completion of sta- tion 4553, it was necessary to heave to an account of weather. Work was resumed at station 4554 at 0350 on 4 June. No further interruptions occurred and the work of collection of data was com- pleted at station 4559, located at 47°13' N., 49°18' W., on the afternoon of 4 June. The Evergreen then proceeded to Boston, arriving there on the evening of 7 June. Since the ice observation and ice patrol services had been dis- continued for the season on 24 May because of the absence of ice in positions of potential hazard to shipping, no further current surveys of the Grand Banks area were made. The post-season 18 cruise began with the departure of the Evergreen from Port Union, Newfoundland, on the afternoon of 13 July. The oceano- graphic work included the occupation of three sections disposed in the form of a triangle with corners at approximately 50° 00' N., 49°00' W.; 48°44' N., 52°58' W. ; and 47°24' N., 50°00' W. The occupation of the triangle was followed by a repetition of the section across the Labrador Sea from South Wolf Island, Labrador, to Cape Farewell, Greenland. The work of collection of data on the post-season cruise began on the morning of 14 July at station 4560, located at 50°01.5' N., 48°58' W. The triangle was com- pleted without incident at station 4589, located at 49°59.5' N., 48°58' W., on the morning of 17 July. The section across the Labrador Sea was begun at station 4590, located at 53°42.5' N., 55°46' W., on the evening of 18 July. Work progressed northeast- ward along the section without incident as far as station 4603, located at 56°36.5' N., 50°30' W., which was occupied on the eve- ning of 20 July. From this station on winds from the easterly quadrants continued to freshen. Although progress was slow, work at stations continued until 2230 on 22 July when, after com- pleting station 4610, located at 59°25' N., 44°49' W., the ship was hove to to await daylight. Progress was resumed at 0250 on 23 July and the work of collection of data was completed at sta- tion 4613, located at 59°43.5' N., 43°58' W., at 0818 on 23 July. • On the evening of 23 July a carboy of water for eventual use as a substandard of salinity was collected at 58°58' N., 45°23' W. After various diversions the Evergreen arrived at Woods Hole on the afternoon of 1 August to discharge oceanographic equipment and personnel and conclude the oceanographic field work for 1951. The oceanographic work was under the supervision of Oceano- grapher Floyd M. Soule who was assisted by Lt. Peter S. Branson and Lt. (jg) Robertson P. Dinsmore. In all, 307 stations were occupied during the season and post- season cruises. The 24 stations comprising the section across the Labrador Sea were occupied from the surface to as near bottom as was practicable. At the remaining 283 stations the observations extended to a depth of about 1,500 meters where the depth of water permitted. As in previous years the intended depths of observa- tion, in meters, were 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 600, 800, 1,000 and thence by 500-meter intervals. The dynamic topography has been referred to the 1,500-decibar surface for the section across the Labrador Sea. For all other stations, the dynamic heights have been referred to the 1,000-decibar surface. Temperatures were measured with deep sea reversing thermom- eters, most of them of Richter and Wiese manufacture. Some of the protected thermometers were manufactured by Negretti and 19 Zambra, some by the GM Manufacturing Co., and some by the Kahl Scientific Instrument Corp. The depths of observation were based on Richter and Wiese unprotected thermometers. The thermometers were used in pairs and a program was followed of periodically shifting the thermometers comprising the pairs. This provided a series of comparisons of each thermometer with several other thermometers and served not only to identify thermometers which were not functioning properly but also to de- termine consistent errors in the scale corrections in use and to ascertain the degree of precision of the temperature measure- ments. In judging this precision, 1,847 comparisons were con- sidered. These gave a probable difference between the corrected readings of a pair of thermometers of ± 0.013° C. As many of the thermometers had recent laboratory comparisons with thermometers tested by the National Bureau of Standards and, as in most cases, the temperatures are the means of the corrected readings of a pair of thermometers, it is considered that the tabu- lated observed temperatures have a probable error of ± 0.01° C. As in previous years, the routine salinity determinations were made with a Wenner salinity bridge which had been calibrated by the measurement of a series of samples whose salinities were as- sumed to be knovv'n from comparisons with Copenhagen standard water by means of silver nitrate titration.^ Thus the accuracy of the tabulated observed salinities is only that permitted by silver nitrate titration although their precision is much better and probably about ± O.OOSo/oq. For the most part, the salinities are tabulated to the nearest 0.01o/qq. Each cell of the bridge was standardized at the beginning and end of each run with a sub- standard of salinity from a carboy of sea water kept under an oil seal. Intermediate standardizations were made every 10 to 15 measurements. In addition, Copenhagen water was measured as an unknown one or more times during the run. These measure- ments of Copenhagen standard water were used to determine minor corrections to the salinities determined for each survey and to adjust the assumed value of the salinity of the carboy of sea water used as a substandard. None of the surveys required salinity corrections of as much as O.OOSo/oo and the figures illus- trating the dynamic topography are in accordance with the tabu- lated temperatures and salinities. - Since a substitution method is used, only relative conductivity is involved in the bridge calibration. If C is conductivity and A and B are constants and S is the salinity corresponding to conductivity C. then for the range of salinity from 30 to 40 0/,,,, the isothermal conductivity- salinity relationship may be approximated by C = C (A + BS) . Early work by E. Ruppin (O. Kriimrnel, Handbuch der Ozeanographie, Band I, p. 291, Stuttgart, 1907) and A. L. Thuras (J. Acad. Sci., 8, p. 685, Washington, 1918) resulted in mean values such that C = C->-, (0.10925 + 0.02545 S) . More recent work by Thomas, Thompson, and Utterback (1934), as digested by Lafond in U. S. Navy Hydrographic Office Publication No. 614, results in a similar expression for this range of salinity at a temperature of 25° C. of C = C35 (0.11055 + 0.025361 S) . From the 1950 calibration of the salinity bridge, made at a temperature of about 28.9°C., the similar expression derived was C = C33 (0.11436 + 0.0:25304 S) . ■■ 20 Figure 7. — Dynamic topography of the sea surface relative to the 1,000-decibar surface from data collected 3-15 April, 1951. Oceanographic station posi- tions are indicated and the station numbers given at turning points. 21 fe 22 52" 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° Figure 9. — Dynamic topography of the sea surface relative to the 1,000-decibar surface from data collected 23 May to 4 June 1951. Oceanographic station positions are indicated and the station numbers given at turning points. 23 Figures 7, 8 and 9 show the dynamic topography of the sea sur- face relative to the 1,000-decibar surface as found during the first, second and third surveys respectively. In figure 7 the margins of the Atlantic Current are to be seen in the southwestern part of the surveyed area, in the salient whose axis points northwest- ward from 44° N., 46° W., and again at the 46th parallel just southward of Flemish Cap, The salient, which is the dominating feature of figure 7, seems to have been effective in blocking the southward flow of the Labrador Current. The shape of the salient in figure 7 is not such as to produce the considerable diver- sion of the Labrador Current eastward north of the 44th parallel which is shown in the chart. However, what past evidence is available indicates that such salients or meanders progress in a northeasterly direction and it is probable that the diversion of the Labrador Current was accomplished at some time prior to the first survey when the Atlantic Current salient was centered more to the .southwest. Had any bergs been in the area immediately northward of that covered by this survey figure 7 would have indicated two potential danger areas for close surveillance by the patrol. One of these, at the southern edge of the surveyed area, was in the neighborhood of the 49th meridian where bergs might have moved southward after following the eastern edge of the Grand Banks. The other was centered at about 45° N., 45° W., where bergs diverted east- ward north of 44° N., could again move south and southeastward toward the steamer lanes of the North Atlantic Track Agreement. Very little Labrador Current, however, reached southward of the 44th parallel and an outstanding feature of this survey, not shown by the dynamic topography, was the exceptionally high tempera- ture of the water in the area. Negative temperatures were found at only 15 of the 79 stations and all of these were north of 44° N. The number of stations at which temperatures lower than 3° C. were found was 32, and those where temperatures were in excess of 15° C. totaled 17. These figures are to be compared with a similar cruise in 1950 when, of 69 stations occupied, 47 had tem- peratures below 3°, 34 had negative temperatures, and 3 had temperatures above 15°. The second survey was made in an area from which relatively few previous observations are available. Our knowledge of the circulation here is based largely on inference. From the 1,000- meter isobath in figure 8 it will be seen that a large part of the area is situated in shallow water so that, if the dynamic topog- raphy is to be referred to the 1,000-decibar surface, 57 of the 79 stations must be adjusted for their shallow depth. Thus the pic- ture of circulation deduced from the density distribution and 24 shown in figure 8 does not have a reliabihty comparable to that of the dynamic topographic charts of the adjacent area to the south. The western part of the surveyed area containing the triangle beginning at station 4386 and with corners at stations 4397 and 4407 and closing at station 4415 is comparable to the earlier occu- pations of this triangle in 1948, 1949, and 1950. Considering this triangle in this sui'vey it would appear that any bergs entering the area and crossing the 49th parallel east of about 51° W., would follow the eastern branch of the Labrador Current, that those crossing this parallel west of about 51°50' W., would follow the western branch, and that those crossing at intermediate longi- tudes would strand on the northern edge of the Grand Banks or be set in toward the banks at about the 47th parallel. Of those following the eastern branch, bergs crossing the 49th parallel east- ward of 48°50' W., would drift eastward and northeastward north of the latitude of Flemish Cap. The dynamic topographic chart resulting from the third survey, figure 9, presents a different picture from that of the first survey made about 7 weeks earlier. In the third survey Labrador Cur- rent water was reaching the Tail of the Banks. The Atlantic Current water salient, while not having the strength nor the high temperatures encountered during the first survey, was still promi- nent and effective in diverting eastward some of the Labrador Current water northward of the 44th parallel. Were it not for the absence of bergs entering the area, figure 9 would have indi- cated midseason conditions with danger areas southwestward of the Tail of the Banks, southward of the surveyed area at about longi- tude 48° W., and eastward of the surveyed area north of about latitude 44°30' N. The northern part of the surveyed area overlaps the southeastern part of the area covered by the second survey and comparisons of the results of the two surveys in this area will be made in the discussion of the volumes of flow of the Labrador Current. It should be noted that in the past there has been evidence of a gradual progress northeastward of meanders such as the salient of Atlantic Current water. The rate of progression has been esti- mated to be of the order of magnitude of a few miles a day. With an interval of about 7 weeks elapsing between the first and third surveys, one might expect that the meanders found during the first survey would be displaced perhaps 200 miles to the northeast- ward in the third survey. Thus there is no assurance that the salient of Atlantic Current water found during the third suivey is the same meander shown in figure 7. If it is, we have here an unusual case of stagnation or stability of current pattern. 204964—53—5 25 Certain sections across the Labrador Current in the Grand Banks region have been repeatedly occupied in the process of making current sui-veys during the ice patrol season over the period of years beginning with 1934 and the accumulated data form the basis for establishing seasonal normals for this part of the year, and a means of comparing the Labrador Current found during any survey with that found during another. The sections have been designated T, U, and W which are located as follows : section T running southeasterly from about 46°20' N., 49^00' W. ; section U extending eastward from the Grand Banks at about the 45th parallel; and section W running southerly off the Grand Banks at about the 50th meridian. In bulletin number 36 of this series, tentative normal seasonal variation cui'ves were published for the volume of flow and the mean temperature of the Labrador Current at each of these sections. In the following discussion, the units used in volume transport are millions of cubic meters per second, mean temperature and minimum observed tempera- ture are given in degrees Centigrade, and the heat transport is expressed in units of millions of cubic meter degrees Centrigrade per second. Only the first and third surveys included occupations of sec- tions T, U, and W. However, other sections located northward of section T and for which normals have not been established were occupied during the second and third cruises and on the post- season cruise. On the second cruise the triangle off Cape Bona- vista was occupied and the sections forming its sides have been designated NW, SW, and SE to indicate the northwest, southwest, and southeast sides respectively. A section running easterly from the Grand Banks to Flemish Cap was occupied and has been called section F and two sections running northeasterly from the Grand Banks intermediate between section F and the Bonavista triangle have been called G and H. On the third cruise sections F and G were occupied in addition to T, U, and W and on the post-season cruise the Bonavista triangle was occupied in addition to the sec- tion across the Labrador sea from South Wolf Island to Cape Farewell, Greenland. No seasonal variation normals are avail- able for the Labrador Current off South Wolf Island, but the sec- tion has been occupied in the summer time in 14 of the 24 years beginning .with 1928 (see p. 89, Bulletin No. 36 of this series) . In the absence of normals for this section, the values found in 1951 have been compared with the averages of these 14 occupations. In table 1 the results obtained in 1951 have been summarized and compared with normal values where they are available. From table 1 it is apparent that during both the first and third surveys the volume of flow of the Labrador Current in the Grand Banks 26 o C-IOO- _, :ino>o ; ! i"* 1 >f r^oo 1 l-H-ico I ; It- S3 -^INOO i Itdiouj i i ilN S III : i 1 II i i :+ O fl < 1 0< IMOOiO i ioocQ>o ; i !0> "oS 03^05 1 :ooo ; s tdoooo : ^-^ oi CO i i ;^ u o ^ z 03 0) OOtJ" lOCOOlOOOJO O-HfOiNO miNiOM 1 CSOM --I ■*0-*t>!N tOMiOOSt^ COt^WOS lO lO'iOO rt> Mrt lo : i— iioiN : 03 r-Hrt03 : ;t»oo ; s o od--; iddd +++ • i+ 1 1 i < -^ r-i^n it^-*o i t3 "3 ■*lNO ; K5 (N ■* ; ^ E ^^6 i-i^d i « o 1 1 1 ill! : S z o a 00^ (M •^oocooot^cq 02'*to-n(N ooot»-> iOCO(M ;fflt~t^ ItO o3 O-^iO I-HTJICO : ""^ s odd iddd ;d o a < 1 + 1 1 1 1+ ; i + lU a cS lOiO-H ■OfficO i it~ « "3 OliO^ lOCO-H i"* S 0) S to o rn'^e^i ic^iiNco ; jtN z fl si s o— io> c- ^ CC -^ (^ t^ ^O"^CJlC0 t-^t*03C0 cnr^io — t~(N(NO0> IM03-HOOIO CO^t^tD lO d r-< (N C>i 'H C-i r-J ^' ^ CO -< ,-( ,-1 (N 05 1 >» —11^ CO io>oio ; ■CO "^ ooo icot^oi • i° c doi'f : ^ rt' ^ ';•-< o 1 1 1 ; 1 1 1 i : i+ s -£ <; o 0. uraoo-t< ilONCO i i it^ la ■OINO) ;«roo-H i i'^ S n<6rf iwco-* ; i ;^ OJ o s ^: _3 "3 > T)i-H — 1 a Drt(N-#rtO OiCOiOt^OO OirtUJO ^^(N(^^ '^ 1CDIOCOWCD OSCOCOO'H COCDiOCO lO (Nwd c 3 d IN CO C^ ^ m' CO 'H (N ff^' -* d CO >o 05 13 ; n 3 o i a •5 i i^ (U M ■ :«*-. > ^ 3' ■ i i i ; i >. >^i- H- ^ § 1 "m -a CO s 27 region was subnormal. The departures from normal mean tem- perature are not as striking and the subnormality of the heat transport is attributed to the reduced volume transport. Sections U and W were expected to show smaller than normal transports because of the diversion of the Labrador Current by the Atlantic Current salient as shown in figures 7 and 9, but it is evident from table 1 that the amount of Labrador Current reaching section T also was less than normal. The minimum obsei^ed temperatures were somewhat warmer than normal. Considering the Bonavista triangle, during the second survey about 80 percent of the water entering the triangle followed the eastern branch of the Labrador Current. Approximately 85 per- cent followed this branch during the post-season cruise. The volume transport past section G was about the same during the second and third surveys, but a considerable part of this water recurved northeastward north of section F during the second sur- vey whereas this diversion occurred farther south in the third survey. The circulation deduced from the values given in Table ] is shown schematically in figure 10 for each of the surveys made in 1951. The computed figures for volume transport have been rounded to the nearest 0.1 million cu. m/sec. and adjusted for the triangles so that the sum of the transport past sections SW and SE equals the transport past section NW\ In the first survey it is considered that the increase in volume at section U over that at section T is the result of a contribution from the west, rather than a closed eddy on the east, because of the lower mean temperature found at section U. The recirculation of water in the closed eddy centered near 43° N., 49° W., in figure 7 seems, from the low mean temperature found at section W, not to have extended as far west- ward as this section. In the second survey, the greater flow past section H than that at either sections SE or G indicates additional circulation asso- ciated with the margins of the Labrador Sea, as does also the higher mean temperature. In the third survey the addition of water from the westward between sections G and F, resulting in the lower mean temperature at section F, is an indication that this water is not associated with the Grand Banks eddy which by the first of June has undergone appreciable warming. Similarly the addition of water from the Grand Banks between sections T and U is called upon to explain the higher mean temperature at the latter section rather than 3 Regarding the reliability of the computed volumes of transport, it should be noted that a consistent error of 0.01 ^/oo in salinity at one of a pair of stations will produce an error in the dynamic height of that station of about 7.2 dynamic mm and an error of about 0 36 X 106 cu. m/sec. in the volume of flow between the two stations if 1,000 decibars is the reference ?TnnT ■I^''^^- errors become 10 8 dynamic mm and 0.81 X lOO cu. m/sec. respectively if 1,500 decibars is the reference surface. 28 Figure 10. — Schematic representation of circulation deduced from sections occupied during 1951. Numerals indicate volume transport in units of cu. m/sec. x 10"*^. 29 interpreting the higher volume at section U as being the result of recirculation of mixed water from the eastward. The marked increase in mean temperature at section W indicates the presence of a considerable proportion of recirculating mixed water. Except for noting the increase in transport at the Bonavista triangle during the post-season cruise over that found during the second survey, and the higher than average transport (both vol- ume and heat) and mean temperature at the South Wolf Island section, discussion of the circulation found during the post-season cruise will be deferred until after the data on the complete South Wolf-Cape Farewell section have been presented. The temperature-salinity relationships found in the past in the Grand Banks region at levels below 75 meters have established the Labrador Current water and the Atlantic Current water as water masses, and usually the mixed water derived from these water masses has been sufficiently uniform to permit it to be considered as a virtual water mass. The T-S curves for individual stations occupied during the first and third surveys have been examined and classified as Labrador Current water, mixed water, or Atlantic Current water. During the first survey a small group of stations classified as mixed water followed a consistent pattern similar to the characteristic mixed water found in the past. The remaining mixed water stations, however, had T-S curves which varied from normal mixed water to nearly Atlantic Current water, indicating the presence of water mixed from the parent water masses in vary- ing proportions. The stations at which the abnormal mixed water was found formed a belt bordering the Atlantic Current water and extended to the edge of the Grand Banks on its southwestern slope. The area containing stations at which the usual mixed water was found extended from the Tail of the Banks to Flemish Cap as a zone between the abnormal mixed water and the Lab- rador Current water. During the third sui'vey no such belt of abnormal mixed water was found.^ In figure 11 the T-S relationships found during 1951 have been shown for each of the three water masses in comparison with similar T-S curves representing the mean of conditions found during the 8-year period 1934-41. In drawing the curve for * Since individual station curves are not identical, a check was made to determine whether or not the mixed water was a virtual water mass and not mei'ely an apparent water mass derived from the bias of earlier work. The probable departures of temperature and salinity, at a given level at an individual station, from temperature and salinity at that level on the mean curves shown in figure 11 were computed for each level for each mean curve for 1951. These probable differences were then used as the axes of elipses constructed with their centers at the appropriate level on the mean curve. While the elipse patterns overlapped, each mean curve fell outside the envelopes of the elipses of the other two curves. Taken level for level the elipses of the three curves did not overlap except at 600 meters and below for mixed water and Labrador Current water, and at 1,500 meters for mixed water and Atlantic Current water. It was concluded that in 1951 the mixed water was a virtual water mass. 30 TEMPERATURE 'C 10 m 't ro 31 mixed water for 1951 the abnormal mixed water found during the first survey was excluded from consideration. An approxi- mate depth scale in meters is shown on each curve in figure 11. It will be seen from figure 11 that, level for level, each water mass was lighter during 1951 than the 8-year mean and that lower salinities were responsible for these differences in densities. The diff'erences were greater in the upper levels than in the deeper levels, but they still averaged 0.02 to 0.03 in Ot between 400 and 1,000 meters. The second survey was not included in the analysis of the T-S relationships of the water masses of the Grand Banks region inasmuch as the data considered previously were from the area south of Flemish Cap. The stations lying seaward of the Lab- rador CuiTent in the second survey were examined to find out whether they approximated the characteristics of the mixed water of the Grand Banks region. Only stations 4440 to 4445 and 4459 to 4464 did. These 12 stations were located in the vicinity of Flemish Cap and lie in the region where the dynamic topography indicates the water entered the area from the Grand Banks region farther to the south. It is considered probable that the charac- teristic mixed water of the Grand Banks region is not formed northward of Flemish Cap. In comparing the results of the von Arx current meter (geo- magnetic electrokinetograph, abbreviated GEK) with the currents deduced from density distribution a method was presented in Bul- letin No, 34 of this series wherein the currents as measured by GEK during the run between two oceanographic stations were converted into an equivalent difference in dynamic height at the two stations using the expression AD ~ 0.01391 LC sin ^m where AZ) is the difference in dynamic height in dynamic meters between two points separated by a distance L nautical miles, C is the aver- age component of the current normal to the line between stations expressed in nautical miles per hour and ^m is the mean latitude. If C is not zero there is an angular difference 0 between the ship's heading and the course made good. The jog component Mj meas- ured by GEK is normal to the ship's heading. We require the component C normal to the course made good. L and <^,n are known. Let the mean component of the current in the direction of the ship's heading be Mc (derived from the values computed each half hour) . Let the time elapsed during the run be t hours. The mean Mj can be derived from scaling the trace at short intervals of time. The total movement of the ship from the current acting during t is sub- tracted vectorially from L at the station of arrival to reach the dead 32 reckoned point of arrival and from it the dead reckoned distance R and the angle 9. From figure 12 : Mjt /L = sin e = Ct IR or R = LCt jMjt also (Mc^+i?)/L = cos 0 whence iMct-\-R)- = L^-MjT~ substituting the \'alue of R and rearranging: CL = Mj iVL'-MjH-'-Mct) Figure 12. — Derivation of CL in terms of measured components. This expression is general if the convention is adopted that M,. is positive if directed with the ship's heading and negative if counter to the ship's heading. In earlier comparisons only general agreement had been ob- tained between currents derived from GEK measurements and density distribution. In addition to the possibility that one or more of the various assumptions made might be significantly erroneous, it was recognized that in contrast with the average 204964—53—6 33 conditions represented by the dynamic topography, instantaneous current vectors would result from the GEK observations. These were considered to be the sum of the steady state and the momen- tary value of fluctuating- currents. The fluctuating currents were expected to include periodic currents, such as tidal currents, and aperiodic currents, such as transient wind effects. To simplify the interpretation of the comparison as far as possible the first part of the June survey of 1950 was selected as having been made during exceptionally quiet weather when wind effects were as- sumed to have been negligibly small. The above described method was used to compute equivalent dif- ferences in dynamic height, station to station, from the GEK obser- vations (AD GEK) for stations 4175 to 4205 and compared with the differences in dynamic height of the surface above the 1,000-decibar surface (AD 1,000 deb) . The disagreement between the GEK and dynamic topography was of the same order of magnitude as in the 1948 measurements. To see if there were any relation between AD GEK and the density distribution two plots were made, one of AD GEK - AD 1,000 deb versus AD 1,000 deb, and the other AD GEK — AD 1,000 deb versus gradient as determined from the dynamic topography. Both plots showed a random distribution of points with no evident relationship. In order to study the general trend of AD GEK, cumulative plots were made of AD GEK, AD 1,000 deb, AD 1,500 deb and AD 2,000 deb against distance. These plots showed that, although in general the profile of the sea surface thus constructed from the various deriva- tions of AD tended to be similar, errors at any one point were masked by the fact that the curves were displaced from one another be- cause of the cumulative differences in the values for each station interval. To better examine the station to station differences, lines of AD GEK - AD 1,000 deb, AD GEK -AD 1,500 deb, AD GEK -AD 2,000 deb and AD GEK (uncorrected for drift) — AD 1,000 deb were plotted against distance. Disregarding the magnitude of the pro- portionality constant, there was little to choose between the different reference levels of dynamic computation in comparison with the GEK. Observations permitting the use of the deeper reference levels, however, were available only from the southern part of the survey. This southern section showed, surprisingly enough, that variations between the GEK and the dynamic heights were smallest in the area of shoalest water, a finding which is probably coinci- dental. The proportionality factor of the current meter varied widely from station to station and was less than unity at 22 of the 30 34 interstation intervals as compared to the usually accepted values of unity or greater. The average value of AD GEK — AD 1,000 deb was computed to be + 8.6 dynamic mm with a probable departure from average of dz 103.2 mm. The average interstation interval was 28I/2 miles. When the equivalent difference in dynamic height was uncorrected for drift the average became + 7.7 ± 107.6 dynamic mm. From this it is concluded that the correction for drift is unimportant and need not be considered until the larger sources of discrepancy have been remedied. By applying the cumulative values of AD GEK to the dynamic height at station 4175, quasi-dynamic heights were computed for the remainder of the stations and a chart of dynamic topography was drawn using these values. Comparison of this chart with one drawn exclusively from density considerations showed agreement only in the coarsest features of the circulation pattern and this method of constructing a current chart was not considered satis- factory. In order to distribute the discrepancies between AD GEK and AD 1,000 deb and thus preserve more of the circulation pattern found by considering only the density distribution, the computed quasi-dynamic heights were set equal to the dynamic heights at four points, stations 4175, 4185, 4195 and 4205, and the differences proportioned between these stations by adjusting AD GEK. This method produced a current chart which was closer to the chart constructed from density computations, but which still left much to be desired. If a major source of the discrepancies was the measurement by dynamic topography of the steady state, as compared with the meas- urement by the current meter of the sum of the steady state and the fluctuating currents ; and if, because of the weak winds which characterized this particular survey, the aperiodic currents were a negligible part of the fluctuating currents ; then the discrepancies might be expected to represent in large measure the periodic fluctua- tions. An analysis was therefore undertaken as follows. The GEK current vectors, usually determined each half hour, were superimposed on the dynamic topographic chart and at each of these points the geostrophic current vector was scaled from the chart. The vector differences were then resolved into their north- south and east-west components and plotted against time beginning at station 4175. For the first 2 days there seemed to be a poorly defined period of about 18 hours in the north-south component. No other periods were apparent from inspection of the curves. If the errors of measurement contributed a negligibly small part to the discrepancies between the GEK measurements and the dynamic 35 topography, these results may indicate that the periodic currents of periods of more than a few hours were small enough to have been masked by larger aperiodic fluctuations, or that the area con- sidered was large enough to include geographical differences in the periodic currents. Since direction of the GEK vector is better than its magnitude, some means of constructing a current chart was sought in which 'the complete vector was used instead of using only one component of the vector. The method of producing a current chart from current vectors gotten from the GEK is essentially the determination of the stream function (i|0 for many points on the chart. Contouring the chart for lines of equal value of the stream function will result in a cur- rent pattern, since the stream function is defined by this premise. The validity of the results depends on three major assumptions: that the GEK vectors are truly representative of the current, that the currents over the survey area are horizontal and free from vertical motion, and that the points at which a GEK current fix is obtained are spaced closely enough to permit representative sampling of all important spatial current fluctuations. The first assumption is dependent upon the instrument and is reasonably safe in that sufficient observations have shown a good correspondence between GEK vectors and true currents. The second assumption of horizontal flow is also an assumption in the computation of currents by the method of dynamic topog- raphy. However, there is a difference in that in computing the stream function any errors introduced due to divergence will be cumulative from station to station and may become very important after a number of stations if not kept under control. Maintaining control of the divergence is an important phase which is reflected both in laying out the track of the survey and the method of com- puting the stream function. The third assumption of adequate sampling merely requires that GEK stations be made frequently along a track line such that all major current variations are in evidence. The stream function (xj^) of fluid flow at a point x, y is defined mathematically as: yjy,, y= I {u dy-v dx) Xq, 7/0 where Xq, iJq is an arbitrary starting point where ^\)=io; u and v are the x and y components respectively of the velocity. If the GEK stations are spaced closely enough along a track line 36 such that no important features of the current pattern are missed, the equation then becomes : •^■, y 'Ax, j/ = 2j {u/^y-v^x) •fo, ya where u and v are the average x and y components of the velocity over the distance A?/ and ls.x. The basic procedure is first to resolve the current vectors into X and y components and then numerically integrate along the track line from station to station beginning from an arbitrarily chosen starting station where \\) is let equal to zero. This series of com- putations will result in values of i|) for each station. Where the track line crosses or approaches upon itself or returns to the starting point will serve as a test of the three assumptions since the value of i|» must be the same. If the values do not agree, then steps must be taken to bring them into accord. This may be done by discarding certain questionable vectors, by assigning rela- tive weights to more desirable vectors, or by apportioning the dif- ference over a segment of the track line which would give the best fit. A similar method is to divide the survey into a grid of x and y lines. Each row of squares is denoted by a value of b and each column of squares by a. The size of the square is dependent on the interval of the stations and the scale of the chart. All the components falling within each square are averaged and assumed to apply at the midpoint of the square. ts.x and t^y may then be equated to unity and the computations performed as before. This method expedites the process and averages out random errors, but may tend to smooth out true currents over a greater width than they actually occupy. An intensive survey over a small area where the track line crosses many times provides numerous instances where \\i must be brought back into agreement with previously determined values. To do this by trial and error may become very laborious and often impossible. A method employing a statistical approach devised by Pritchard ^ is herein summarized for practical application to this case. This method determines the most probable value of the stream function for each midpoint of a grid such as described in the preceding paragraph. Values of ij>^ and \\)y for each square are found by interpolation from the equations: (i/'Ja, M= / u^y and {yp^)a+\, 6= > i'A.r 'y = 0 x = o •' Pritcliard. D. W., "Streamlines from a discrete vector field," Jour. Mar. Res. Vol. VII, pp. -296-303, New Haven, 1948. The notation used herein has been changed to avoid confusion. 37 A separate value of t|'„ and \[\r is thus computed for each square, there being n squares in the x direction and m squares in the y direction. \\i,. and i|),^ must now be composed to produce the com- plete stream function for each square. Theory for this process utilizes the statistical method of least squares to obtain a distribu- tion of i|t which will best fit the observed data. This derivation is not shown but the result is to compute constants of Aa and Bb which when added respectively to i[',r and \]»y determine \p. The con- stants of A (Aj, Ao, • . • . ) are computed for each horizontal row (b = 1, b =z 2, . . . . ) by the formula: an = n a = n a = n a = n x and constants of B (B^, Bo, • • • • ) are computed for each vertical column (a = 1, a = 2, . . • . ) by the formula : ,b — m h = m h — m 5=1 ^6 = 1 ^b = l / m Then the stream function may be computed from the following equation : If the three primary assumptions are strictly true, then a value of y\) obtained from either equation will be the same. In practice, however, this will rarely be true and the mean is considered to be the most probable value. Once the stream function has been determined for each square or station, the current map is produced by contouring the chart along lines of equal \\) in multiples of 5, 10, or 20 to suit the scale of the chart. The contours or streamlines will, of course, show the current direction at a particular position. The speed of the current is represented by the crowding of the streamlines, and is computed by dividing the interval of the streamline units by the distance between the streamlines in units which were used for IS.X and A?/. These units may be any convenient arbitrarily selected units of length. Current charts utilizing the above methods have agreed rather well with maps of dynamic topography made simultaneously. The former reflect to a much greater degree transitory and tidal cur- rents. It should be noted that in producing a map by directly integrat- ing current components from station to station, the cumulative error may reach such proportions as to produce a fictitious overall picture, while smaller areas will be reasonably valid when studied separately. 38 50° 49° 48* 47* 46* 46' 44' FiGURE 13. — Current chart constructed by contouring the stream function as derived from observations made with the von Arx current meter (GEK) 9-20 June 1950. Speed in knots is 6.9 divided by distance between contours in minutes of longitude. 39 Figure 14. — Current chart constructed by contouring the stream function as derived from observations made with the von Arx current meter (GEK) 3-15 April 1951. Speed in knots is 5.4 divided by distance between contours in minutes of longitude. 40 41 gy 51* 50* AST 48* 47* 46- 45* 44* Figure 16. — Current chart constructed by contouring the stream function as derived from observations made with the von Arx current meter (GEK) 23 May-4 June 1951. Speed in knots is 5.4 divided by distance between contours in minutes of longitude. 42 Using the procedure described above, current charts have been constructed from the GEK vectors observed during the surveys made 9-20 June 1950, 3-15 April 1951, 29 April-10 May 1951, and 23 May-4 June 1951. The resulting charts are shown in figures 13 to 16 and are to be compared with the dynamic topographic charts shown in figure 18, Bulletin No. 36 of this series, and figures 7, 8, and 9 of this bulletin. In preparing figures 13 to 16, no correction has been applied to the magnitudes of the GEK vectors for the departure of the proportionality factor from unity or of the vertical intensity of the earth's magnetic field from 50,000 y. The current speeds indicated by the GEK charts, there- fore, are not exact but the directions and current patterns should be comparable to those shown in the charts of dynamic topography. In figure 13 the diiference in current pattern from that shown by the dynamic topography are greatest in the vicinity of 43° N., 49° W., and near 45° N., 47° W. Near the eastern edge of the Grand Banks at about 45° N., figure 13 shows a number of contour lines which are not present farther north. While the sources of such a discrepancy include the possibility of cumulative error of the GEK vectors and convergent flow, probably a major source is the treatment as synoptic a series of observations of fluctuating currents made over a considerable period of time. The relative speed of the current near the southern extreme of the survey is lower than expected and may be an instance of the smoothing out of peak velocities arising from the averaging process described above. Figure 14 shows a difference in current pattern from that of figure 7 in the area near 43° N., 49° W., and marked differences in relative speed shown by these figures are present in the extreme western and northeastern parts of the surveyed area. In comparing figure 15 with figure 8, we find general agreement in the eastern branch of the Labrador Current and disagreement in the vicinity of Flemish Cap and Cape Bonavista. In each of these cases the disagreement is considered to be the result of periodic fluctuating currents. It is to be noted that the disagree- ment between the GEK and dynamic topography seems to be no worse for this survey than for the southern part of the survey made in June 1950, although the latter was made during excep- tionafly quiet weather and the former during exceptionally boister- ous weather. The comparison of figure 16 with figure 9 shows areas of dis- agreement near 43° N., 48° W., and 46° N., 46° W. While it is noted that the areas of disagreement consistently occur along the outer margins of the North Atlantic Current in the four charts presented here, the degree of consistency is insufficient to warrant conclusions as to the principal cause of the disagreements. 43 In previous bulletins of this series the position of the outer boundary of the North Atlantic Current water in the Grand Banks region has been reported and related to factors assumed to be asso- ciated with the relative strengths of the North Atlantic Current and the Labrador Current. The boundary has been taken as the horizontal projection of the line of intersection of the isothermal surface of 6° and the isohaline surface of 34.95o/qo. As the boun- dary is characteristically sinuous, its position has been described by the area between it and reference rhumb lines made up of the 45th parallel from the boundary to 49° W., the 49th meridian thence to 43° N., and a line from 43° N., 49° W., through 42° N., 47° W., extended to the boundary. To compensate for the effect of the Labrador Current on the position of the boundary, the area was adjusted by the subtraction of 10,000 square kilometers for each million cubic meters per second volume of flow of the Labrador Current past section U. The adjusted area was assumed to repre- sent effects on the position of the boundary the causes of which were associated with the North Atlantic eddy. A further assump- tion was made that changes in the streng-th of the Gulf Stream were proportional to changes in the difference in sea level between Bermuda and Charleston, S. C. Monthly mean sea levels at each of these stations, corrected to normal barometric pressure for the station, were used to derive a value for the change in difference in sea level by taking sea level at Charleston minus the departure from average at Bermuda. Over the period from 1934 to 1941 a good correlation was found to exist between the sea level difference, Charleston, minus the Bermuda departure, and the adjusted area in the Grand Banks region 13 1/2 months later. During this period 27 surveys gave the relation A = 6.8 (i:^- 5.07) +1.34 where A is the adjusted area in units of 10,000 square kilometers and H is the sea level difference Charleston minus the Bermuda departure, in feet. Since resumption of the oceanographic program of the Interna- tional Ice Patrol after World War II eight surveys of the Grand Banks region have been made, one in 1948, two in 1949, three in 1950, and two in 1951. These surveys show a poorer correlation, with three of the eight cases showing a discrepancy as to sign. The differences between the post-war series and the earlier series are large enough to suggest a revision of the above expression for the relationship between the adjusted area and the sea level dif- ference. Before deriving a new expression for A, consideration was given to the changes in conditions and to their physical significance. If a true relationship exists, it should apply to both series of observa- tions. The fact that the relationship depends on the departure 44 from normal of the difference in sea level across the Bermuda- Charleston section focuses attention on that normal. No extended uninterrupted series of tide gauge records exist for the Bermuda end of the section and so it is not yet possible to draw any conclu- sions regarding changes in mean sea level at that end of the sec- tion. At the Charleston end of the section tide gauge records have continued with reference to the same bench mark since the fall of 1921. They show an increase in sea level with an abrupt rise of about 0.14 foot between 1932 and 1933 to a mean value of 5.07 for the 8-year period 1933-40 (used in studying the relation- ship with the 27 surveys made 1934-41) with a further increase to a mean of 5.40 for the 4-year period 1947-50 (used in connec- tion with the 8 recent surveys made during 1948-51). It is not known whether sea level at both ends of the section rose or whether the change occurred only at the Charleston end. Nor is it known what part of the change at Charleston represents a sinking of the coast. This is believed to be of a smaller order of magnitude. It is also considered that the rate of change of total volume of water in the oceans is negligibly small. If the sinking of the coast can be neglected and if most of the changes in sea level across the section take place at the outer edge of the North Atlantic eddy, the change can be interpreted as indicating a weaker circulation of the Gulf Stream system during the post-war period. Examination of the tide gauge records, therefore, indicate that the figure of 5.07 may continue to be used as the normal sea level from which de- partures may be considered. In the Grand Banks sector of the North Atlantic eddy the outer margin of North Atlantic Current water, as defined by the unad- justed area, was somewhat nearer the center of the eddy but main- tained a position which averaged nearly the same for the post-war period as for the earlier period (7.1 X 10^ as compared with 6.8 X 10^ square kilometers). During the post-war period the volume of flow of the Labrador Current past section U has been decidedly subnormal compared with the earlier period (about 3.0 as compared with about 6.8 X 10^' cu.m/sec.) . Qualitatively, then, these changes are in agreement, with the position of the boundary in the Grand Banks sector undergoing little change since both the Labrador Current and the North Atlantic eddy were weaker than previously. If a contraction of the boundary of the North Atlantic eddy follows weakening of the circulation in the eddy, the peripheral branches fed by the eddy might be expected to be profoundly affected by such a contraction, especially if the branching is con- ditioned by the configuration of the land or bottom. The Irminger Current, recurving to the westward in the vicinity of Iceland, con- tributes Atlantic water to make the West Greenland Current a 45 relatively warm current. Observations of the West Greenland Current off Cape Farewell have been made during each of 14 sum- mertime occupations of the section extending from the Labrador coast to Cape Farewell. These include 6 of the 8 years 1934-41 and each of the 4 years 1948-51. The Irminger Current com- ponent of the West Greenland Current was subnormal in 1948 and almost totally absent from this section in each of the three subse- quent years. This agrees qualitatively with the conception of a contracted weakened North Atlantic eddy. It has been concluded, therefore, that the differences between conditions found during the post-war period and the earlier period do not represent permanent changes but more probably represent longer period departures from normal. In computing the relation- ship between the adjusted area A and the sea level difference, Charleston-Bermuda departure, H, the previous normal value of H = 5.07 has been used in combining all observations to derive the expression A = 6.4(^-5.07) + 1.85 for computing the adjusted area with a probable error of ± 1.9 X 10^ square kilometers. In figure 17 the values of A computed by the use of this formula are shown as circles connected by broken lines and are compared with the values of A derived by adjusting the observed area by the subtraction of the volume of flow of the Labrador Current past section U. The latter are shown as black dots and are connected by solid lines. The shape of the connecting lines follows the changes in H. In arriving at the "observed" values of A there are several possible sources of error such as in estimating the location of the boundary in those parts of a survey where the boundary is outside the limits of the survey, and in determining the volume of flow of the Labrador Current past section U, and in assuming that that part of the volume of flow past section U which is water from the Grand Banks eddy is of importance equal to that of the true Labrador Current in determining the position of the boundary. In arriving at the computed values of A, all modifying factors which may be interposed in 13 1/2 months and along 1,500 miles have been neglected. For example, no account has been taken of the possible development in or progress through the Grand Banks sector of a meander. In view of these uncertainties, the agreement between the observed and computed values of A is considered to be good. In the studies that thus far have been made of the triangle off Cape Bonavista one of the points of interest which has received attention is whether or not the area is one in which the current pattern at the surface is sufficiently similar to that at subsurface levels to permit the movement of deep draft bergs to be deduced 46 Figure 17. — Correspondence between adjusted area in Grand Banks sector and sea level difference, Charlston-Bermuda departure, 131/2 months earlier. Dots show adjusted area derived from observed boundary. Circles show adjusted area computed from A - 6.4 (H - 5.07) + 1.85. Shape of curves derived from changes in H. from a consideration of the dynamic topography of the sea surface alone. The dynamic topography at the 100-decibar surface has been compared with that at the surface in surveys made in previous years and in general the current patterns have been found to be similar. The current patterns found at the surface and at the 100-decibar surface have been compared and found to be similar for each of the two occupations of the triangle made in 1951. The dynamic topography of the surface found during the second cruise has been shown in figure 8. That found during the post-season cruise is shown in figure 18. The dynamic topography of the sea surface obtained from the triangle indicates that any bergs enter- ing the area from the north would have followed the eastern branch of the Labrador Current if they had crossed the 49th parallel east- ward of about 53° W., whereas those crossing the 49th parallel westward of that longitude would have either followed the western branch or stranded on the northern slope of the Grand Banks. It 47 Figure 18.— Dynamic topography of the sea surface relative to the 1000-decibar surface from data collected 14-17 July 1951. Oceanographic station posi- tions are indicated and the station numbers given at turning points. is noted also, that the topography indicates that some of the bergs following the eastern branch would have stranded on the north- eastern shoulder of the Grand Banks between about 48° N., and 47°30' N. The von Arx current meter was operated on the run from Port Union to the first station of the triangle (number 4560) . As this run was very nearly over the reverse path followed in occupying the first section of the triangle (stations 4560 to 4571) the two sets of current vectors are comparable except as to tim.e. The differences obtained verify the existence here of transitory (prob- ably tidal) currents. 48 Figure 19. — Temperature distribution between South Wolf Island, Labrador, and Cape Farewell, Greenland, 18-23 July 1951. Figure 19 shows the temperature distribution along the section across the Labrador Sea from South Wolf Island, Labrador, to Cape Farewell, Greenland, from data collected during the post- season cruise of 1951. The temperature minimum layer which characterizes the Labrador Current over the shelf was not as cold as usual. The warm tongue which extends inshore and downward to the continental slope beneath the core of the Labrador Current is to be seen in figure 19 between the 3.4° isotherms. This tongue contained maximum temperatures slightly warmer than 3.5° and thus was colder than usual by several tenths of a degree. The temperature minimum which is a feature of the intermediate water of the Labrador Sea in summer was somewhat warmer than the usual 3.17°. The warmer offshore part of the West Greenland Current, usually contributed by the Irminger Current, was colder than usual again with temperatures exceeding 5° only in a small tongue extending inshore and downward toward the edge of the shelf at station 4610. Temperatures as high as 6° were not found except in the upper 50 meters. The deficiency of Irminger Current water indicated by the sub- normal temperatures of the West Greenland Current is also shown in figure 20 by the subnormal salinity of this part of the West Greenland Current. This figure shows the salinity distribution found in 1951 along the Greenland end of the South Wolf Island- Cape Farewell section. The salinity maximum, which was re- markably constant at 35.04o/oo until 1949, was only 34.96o/oo in 1951 as compared with 34.97 in 1949 and 34.99 in 1950. The small 49 cross sectional area of water of salinity in excess of 34.95o/oo is noted as additional evidence of the almost total absence of Irminger Current water at this section. The dynamic topography of the sea surface relative to the 1500- decibar surface in the vicinity of the South Wolf Island-Cape Fare- well section, found during the 1951 post-season cruise, is shown in figure 21. The Labrador Current has two major bands, one in- shore of the shoal off Hamilton Inlet and the other over the con- tinental slope. In the central part of the section there is evidence of a small amount of water from the extreme northwestern margins o 34.56 0 in o 3459 CO t^ 00 o est ro o o o O (S> iO CD CO CO coco CO ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^"^ ^ 34 52 3470 34.74 33.70 32.67 3^0I 3098 [3r 500 1000 1500 - a. o en q: UJ H UJ 2 2000 2500 - 3000 - 3500 Figure 20. — Salinity distribution off Cape Farewell, Greenland, 21-23 July 1951. 50 of the North Atlantic eddy entering and leaving the Labrador Sea. There is also an indication of a weak counterclockwise eddy be- tween this water and the West Greenland Current. The volume of flow, mean temperature, and heat transport of the Labrador Current past this section has already been presented -3ui. Figure 21. — Dynamic topography of the sea surface relative to the 1500-decibar surface, from data collected 18-23 July 1951. in table 1 and discussed in connection with other measurements of the Labrador Current. The rest of the section has been exam- ined in a similar manner. The West Greenland Current, which lies between approximately station 4605 and the beach at Cape Farewell, was computed to have a volume of flow of 5.28 million cu.m/sec, a mean temperature of 3.68° C and a heat transport of 19.41 million cu.m. degrees C/sec. These units will be used in the remainder of the discussion without further repetition. In Bulletin No. 35 of this series mean curves of seasonal variation were presented for the volume of flow of the West Greenland Cur- rent and its components of East Greenland Current (assumed to have a constant mean temperature of 3.2° C) and of Irminger Current (assumed to have a constant mean temperature of 5.5° C) . If these curves are taken as normals, then for the time of year when the section was occupied in 1951 the normal volume of flow would have been 4.48 (made up of 1.47 East Greenland Current water and 3.01 Irminger Current water) with a mean temperature of 4.74° C, and a heat transport of 21.26. Thus in 1951 the West Greenland Current was above normal in volume transport and subnormal in mean temperature and slightly subnormal in heat transport. A critical examination of the velocity section, however, leads to the conclusion that of the 5.28 volume of flow of the West Green- land Current only the inshore 4.50 is contributed from the north- eastward of Cape Farewell and at least 0.78 is a more direct con- tribution from the waters nearby and to the southeastward of Cape Farewell. The volume transport of 4.50 is therefore consid- ered to include the contributions from the East Greenland Current and the Irminger Current and may possibly also include some water from the outer margins of the North Atlantic eddy which has re- curved westward before reaching the vicinity of Iceland. The mean temperature of the 4.50 volume of flow was 3.77°. Assum- ing the same constant mean temperatures of the East Greenland Current and Irminger Current components which were used in deriving the mean seasonal variation curves we arrive at the vol- ume transports of 3.38 and less than 1.12 for the contributions from the East Greenland and Irminger Currents respectively. These values are to be compared with the seasonal normals of 1.47 and 3.01 mentioned above. Reference is made to figure 10 for a schematic representation of the circulation deduced above. Between the outer margins of the Labrador Current and the West Greenland Current there was computed to be a net south- easterly flow of 0.81. This is considered to have its origin in the early recurving of the outer margin of the West Greenland Cur- rent passing the Cape Farewell section. Thus the net flow out of the Labrador Sea at this section exceeded the inflow past the 52 section by about 0.8, which represents the contributions through the northern openings less such an amount as sank below the reference surface of 1,500 decibars. SUMMARY 1. The surface circulation in the Grand Banks region in 1951 has been discussed on the basis of three dynamic topographic charts made during the season. 2. A more detailed picture of the circulation in the upper 1,000 meters in the Grand Banks region has been presented on the basis of volume of flow, mean temperature, and minimum observed tem- perature of the Labrador Current at 14 occupations of 8 selected sections made during the 1951 season. 3. The temperature-salinity relationships for the three water masses found in the Grand Banks region in 1951 have been com- pared with conditions found in other years. 4. Observations made with a von Arx geomagnetic electro- kinetograph in 1950 and 1951 have been given further study in comparison with the dynamic topography based on concurrently collected temperature and salinity observations. A method of applying the stream function to the construction of a contoured current chart from the GEK vectors has been described and four charts made by its use have been presented. 5. The relationship between the location of the northern boun- dary of North Atlantic Current water in the Grand Banks region, the strength of the Labrador Current, and the changes in the dif- ference in sea-level between Bermuda and Charleston have been reviewed in the light of 27 surveys made during the period 1934-41 and 8 surveys made 1948-51. A weakened post-war circulation in the North Atlantic eddy, deduced from changes in the sea level dif- ference at the Bermuda-Charleston section, has been proposed as a possible explanation for the deficiency of the Irminger Current component of the West Greenland Current at Cape Farewell. 6. An increase in temperature of the intermediate water of the Labrador Sea in 1951 over 1950 has been noted and the thermal characteristics of the section from South Wolf Island, Labrador, to Cape Farewell, Greenland, have been compared with those found in earlier occupations of this section. 7. The circulation in the southern part of the Labrador Sea has been inferred from examination of the volume transport and mean temperature of the Labrador Current and West Greenland Current and, with the supporting evidence of temperature and salinity observations, it has been concluded that the Irminger Current com- ponent of the West Greenland Current continued to be deficient in 1951. 53 The data collected during the 1951 season and post-season cruises are tabulated below. The individual station headings give the station number, date, geographical position, depth of water, and the dynamic height of the sea surface used in the construction of the dynamic topographic charts shown in figures 7, 8, 9, 18, and 21. The depths of water are uncorrected sonic soundings based on a sounding velocity of 800 fathoms per second. Where the depths of the scaled values are enclosed in parentheses, the data are based on extrapolated vertical distribution curves of temperature or sal- inity or both. Asterisks appearing before observed temperatures indicate that these temperatures were determined from the depth of reversal and the corrected reading of an unprotected thermometer. The symbol at signifies 1,000 (density — 1) at atmospheric pressure and temperature t. Table of Oceanographic Data STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1951 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity %o Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Station 4307; Apr. 3; latitude 43°32.5' N., longitude 51°32' W.; depth 89 meters, dynamic height 971.100 0 2.17 3.87 7.98 9.63 33.41 32.97 34.18 34.78 0 25 2.17 3.80 7.70 9.55 33.41 32.98 34.13 34 75 26 72 26 26 22 51 50 26 65 77 75 26 85 Station 4308; Apr. 3; latitude 43°27.5' N., longitude 51° 44' W.; depth 169 meters, dynamic height 971.111 0 3.88 3.87 4.31 7.38 9.55 6.93 33.42 33.42 33.48 34.18 34.65 34.42 0 3.88 3.85 4.20 7.00 9.50 7.20 33.42 33.42 33.47 34.10 34.64 34.45 26 25 52 50 78 75 104 100 156 150 26.57 26.57 26.58 26.73 26.77 26.98 Station 4309; Apr. 3; latitude 43°22' N., longitude 51°46' W.; depth 340 meters, dynamic height 971.093 0... 20 40 60 80. 6.08 6.12 6.13 6.23 8.43 33.61 33.62 33.62 33.71 34.37 0 25.... 50.... 75.... 100.. (150) (200) (300) 6.08 33.61 6.10 33.62 6.15 33.63 8.00 34.21 7.15 5.30 4.95 4.50 34.66 34.50 34.47 34.45 26.47 26.48 26.47 26.68 27.15 27.26 27.29 27.32 Station 4310; Apr. 3-4; latitude 43°19.5' N., longitude 51° 53' W.; depth 649 meters, dynamic height 971.110 0 18.. 35.. 53.. 71.. 107. 142 213. 6.38 6.57 6.59 8.35 9.83 9.70 7.90 5.59 33.70 33.72 33.73 34.17 34.66 34.70 34.66 34.50 0 25.... 50.... 75... 100.. 150.. 200.. (300) (400) (600) 6.38 6.60 7.70 9.85 9.86 7.55 5.90 4.70 4.10 3.40 33.70 33.72 34.04 34.67 34.70 34.64 34.52 34.47 34.61 34.80 26.50 26.49 26.58 26.74 26.77 27.07 27.21 27.31 27.49 27.71 Observed values Tem- Depth , pera- meters ture °C. Salin- ity Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity %o Station 4311; Apr. 4; latitude 43°15.5' N., longitude 52°06' W.; depth 1,737 meters, dynamic height 971.099 0 8.78 8.79 8.80 8.82 7.12 7.81 6.72 5.63 4.33 4.09 4.16 4.25 3.66 34,47 34.47 34.47 34.57 34.30 34.48 34.66 34.64 34.66 34.78 34.85 34.925 34.90 0 8.78 8.79 8.80 8.80 7.15 7.80 6.70 5.50 4.25 4.10 4.25 4.05 34.47 34.47 34.47 34.57 34.30 34.49 34.66 34.64 34.67 34.83 34.92 34.92 26 77 25 ... . 25 26 76 49 50 „.._ 75 _ 100 26 76 73 26 84 97 26 87 147 150 26 92 196 200 27 21 293 300 27 35 377 400 27.52 519 600 27 66 6.33 800 27 72 810 1.000 27.74 1, 283 Station 4312; Apr. 4; latitude 42°03' N., longitude 52°26' W.; depth 2,798 meters, dynamic height 971.093 0. 13.35 13.36 13.36 11.58 11.11 35.49 35.49 35.48 35.09 35.03 34.70 34.43 34.62 34.88 34.78 34.92 34.90 34.88 0 13.35 13.35 13.30 11.45 10.70 7.60 5.85 5.95 5.30 4.15 4.05 3.85 35.49 35.49 35.48 35.07 34.97 34.60 34.45 34.74 34.85 34.85 34.91 34.90 26 72 23 25... 26 72 46 50 26.72 69 75 26 77 91 100.. 26 83 137 150 27 04 183 5.97 5.64 6.47 4.18 4.17 4.01 3.55 200 27 16 274 300. .. . 27.37 335 400 27.54 512 600 27.67 695 800 ... 27 73 878 1,000 27.74 1,349 54 Tabic of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1951— Continued Observed values Scaled values Tem- SaUn- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity Depth, pera- ity (Tt meters ture °C. %0 meters ture °C. %o Station 4313; Apr. 4; latitude 42°51' N., longitude 52°42' W.; depth 3, 475 meters, dynamic height 971.146 0 11.17 11.18 11.19 11.29 11.61 10.82 8.32 5.77 6.28 4.53 4.60 4.08 3.79 34.97 34.97 34.98 35.00 35.13 34.94 34.86 34.63 34.67 34.81 34.96 34.93 34.95 0 11.17 11.18 11.19 11.29 11.51 10.82 8.30 6.35 5.30 4.55 4.40 4.00 34.97 34.97 34.98 35.00 35.13 34.94 34.86 34.68 34.69 34.87 34.95 34.93 26.75 25 25 26.75 50 50 26.74 75 75 26.74 100 100 26.79 150 150 26.78 201 200 27.14 301 300 27.27 356 400 27.41 535 600 27.65 714 800 27.72 926 1,000 27.75 l";485 Station 4314; Apr. 4; latitude 42°36' N., longitude 52°52' W.; depth 3,841 meters, dynamic height 971.139 0 15.56 14.79 12.52 12.35 11.22 35.94 35.76 35.19 35.16 35.01 34.92 34.73 34.65 34.94 34.96 0 15.56 14.70 12.50 12.30 10.85 8.00 6.60 6.05 5.60 4.90 4.55 4.30 35.94 35.75 35.18 35.14 34.99 34.88 34.71 34.65 34.72 34.88 34.94 34.95 26.58 24 25 26.63 47 50 26.65 71 75 26.66 94 100 26.81 140 150 27.20 187 6.76 6.15 4.67 3.93 200 27.27 281 300 27.29 745 400 27.40 1,286 600 27.61 800 27.70 1,000 27.73 Station 4315; Apr. 4; latitude 42°22.5' N., longitude 52°23' W.; depth 3,841 meters, dynamic height 971.305 0 16.79 16.93 16.74 16.32 15.70 25 49 74 98 148 196 13.38 10.91 11.80 8.70 4.87 4.04 294 249 451 752 1.269 36.20 36.21 36,20 36.12 35.96 35 90 35.65 35.33 35.39 35.06 34.93 34.96 0 25 50 75 100 150..... 200 300 400 600 800 1, 000. 16.79 16.93 16.70 16.30 15.65 14.45 13.30 10.80 9.40 6.50 4.65 4.35 36.20 36.21 36.20 36.11 35.96 35.89 35.63 35.32 35.13 34.96 34,93 34.94 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Scaled values Tem- Depth, pera- meters ture °C. Salin- ity Station 4317; latitude 42°08' N., longitude 51°04' W. Apr. 5; depth 316 meters, dynamic height 971.258 0 . . .. 18.07 18.08 16.02 15.63 15.80 14.64 13.71 10.35 7.73 4.36 4.48 4.35 3.72 36.39 36.38 35.94 35.89 36.03 35.82 35.78 35.28 35.03 34.80 34.94 34.975 34.94 0 18.07 18.10 16.35 15.65 15.80 14.85 13.95 10.85 8.15 4.45 4.45 4.40 36.39 36.39 36.02 35.89 36.02 35.86 35.79 35.36 35.06 34.81 34.92 34.97 27 25 53 50 79 75 105 100 159 150 211 200 316 300 417 400 627. . 600 838 800 1,049 1,577 1,000 26.34 26.33 26.47 25.52 26.59 26.68 26.82 27.10 27.32 27.61 27.70 27.74 Station 4318; Apr. 5; latitude 42°19' N., longitude 51°31' W.; depth 3,017 meters, dynamic height 971.258 0 17.16 17.10 17.07 15.83 15.39 14.16 13.10 10.06 5.86 3.96 3.93 36.26 36.26 36.25 35.98 35.95 35.66 35.60 35.25 34.68 34.80 34.90 0 17.16 17.10 17.10 16.25 15.60 14.60 13.60 11.40 7.40 3.95 4.00 3.95 36.26 36.26 36.26 36.08 35.91 35.72 35.63 35.40 34.92 34.76 34.87 34.90 26,46 29 .. .. 25 26.47 56 50 26.47 85 75 26.53 113 100 26.56 170 150 26,63 227 .. 200 26.77 339 300 27,03 443 400 27.32 663 600 27.62 1,328 800... 1,000 27.71 27.73 Station 4319; Apr. 5; latitude 42°4r N., longitude 51°00' W.; depth 1,628 meters, dynamic height 971.101 26,51 26,48 26,53 26,55 26,58 26,79 26.83 27.08 27.17 27,48 27.68 27.72 Station 4316; Apr. 5; latitude 42°05' N., longitude 52°04' W.; depth 3,896 meters, dynamic height 971.281 0 17.41 17.40 17.41 17.39 16.08 15.24 12.20 7.77 4.40 4.64 4.05 36.35 36.34 36.34 36.33 36.09 35.93 35,53 35,04 34.79 34.95 34.96 0 17,41 17.40 17.40 17.35 15.90 15,40 15.15 12.70 8.55 4.75 4.60 4.45 36.35 36,34 36.34 36.33 36,07 35.97 35.91 35,60 35,27 34,82 34,94 34,94 24 25 48 50 . ... 72 75 96 100 . ... 193 150 318 200 478 300 641 400 821 600 1,305 800 1,000 26,47 26.47 26.47 26,47 26.60 26.65 26.66 26.94 27,42 27,58 27.69 27,71 0 7.61 7.56 8.61 9.23 9.30 7.82 9.21 5.29 4.55 4.73 3.84 3.57 3.46 34.07 34.26 34.50 34.64 34.68 34.65 35.13 34.66 34.73 34.95 34.89 34.88 34.885 0 7.61 7.55 8.45 9.10 9.30 8.20 8.70 6.10 4.60 4.75 3.95 3.55 34.07 34.23 34.46 34,62 34,67 34,66 34,96 34.76 34.70 34,93 34,90 34.88 26.62 28 25 26.75 55 50 26.80 83 75 26.83 110 100 26.83 166 150 27.00 220 200 27.15 330_ 300 27.37 426 400 27.50 632 . 600 27.66 836 800 27.73 1,046 1,574 1,000 27.75 Station 4320; Apr. 5; latitude 42°50.5' N., longitude 50°45' W.; depth 1,060 meters, dynamic height 971.068 0 5.84 7.70 8.14 8.99 9.57 6.93 6.09 4.68 3.69 4.04 3.82 3.63 33.78 34.21 34.36 34.58 34.79 34.52 34.55 34.65 34.67 34,85 34,87 34.87 0 5.84 7.70 8.14 8.99 9.57 6.93 6.09 4.68 3.70 4.05 3,85 3.60 33.78 34.21 34.36 34.58 34.79 34.52 34.55 34.65 34.67 34.85 34.87 34.87 25 25 50 50 . 75 75 100 100 150 150 200 200 300. . . 300 397 400 594 . .. 600 791 800 987 1,000 26.63 26.72 26.77 26.81 26.88 27.07 27.20 27.46 27.58 27.68 27.72 27.75 55 Table of Oceanogrcuphic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1951— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Station 4321; Apr. 5-6; latitude 42°53' N., longitude 50°40' W.; depth 622 meters, dynamic height 971.056 0 7.21 7.57 7.59 6.36 4.90 6.01 6.77 4.62 3.96 3.77 34.11 34.29 34.32 34.14 34.01 34.44 34.75 34.68 34.70 34.81 0 7.21 7.55 7.60 6.45 5.05 5.90 6.70 4.85 3.95 3.75 34.11 34.28 34.32 34.16 34.02 34.38 34.74 34.69 34.70 34.81 26 71 26 25 26 79 52 50 26 82 78 75 26 85 104 100 26 92 156 150 27 09 209 200.. . 27 27 313 300 27 47 400 400 27 57 596 600. 27 68 Station 4322; Apr. 6; latitude 42°58' N., longitude 50°36' W.; depth 169 meters, dynamic height 971.068 0 2.76 2.45 4.72 6.12 6.87 5.71 32.94 33.10 33.84 34.10 34.24 34.18 0 2.76 2.45 5.00 6.35 6.85 5.40 32.94 33.20 33.89 34.14 34.23 34.16 26 29 23 46 25 50 23.52 26 82 69 93 . .. 75 100 26.85 26 85 139 (150) 26 98 Station 4323; Apr. 6; latitude 43°12' N., longitude 50°23' W.; depth 89 meters, dynamic height 971.075 0 2.47 2.42 2.44 1.15 33.18 33.20 33.22 33.32 0 2.47 2.45 2.45 1.35 33.18 33,20 33.22 33.30 26 25 52 ... . 50 78 75 26.50 26.52 26.53 26.67 Station 4324; Apr. 6; latitude 43°20' N., longitude 50°15' W.; depth 68 meters, dynamic height 971.079 0 2.11 1.72 1.42 32.88 32.88 32.96 0 2.11 1.72 1.40 32.88 32.88 32.96 26 29 25 25 26 32 51 50 . 26 40 Station 4325; Apr. 6; latitude 42°59' N., longitude 50°13' W.; depth 89 meters, dynamic height 971.058 0 1.88 1.79 1.50 1.46 32.78 33.10 33.30 33.30 0 1.88 1.80 1.50 1.45 32.78 33.09 33.30 33.30 26 23 26 . 25 26 47 51 60 26 66 77 75 26 67 Station 4326; Apr. 6; latitude 42°48.5' N., longitude 50°20' W.; depth 403 meters, dynamic height 971.034 0 25.. 50... 75... 100. 150. 200. 300. 7.29 7.11 6.98 5.35 5.13 6.48 4.63 3.60 34.03 34.10 34.25 34.04 34.01 34.45 34.49 34.65 0 7.29 7.11 6.98 5.35 5.13 6.48 4.63 3.60 34.03 34.10 34.25 34.04 34.01 34.45 34.49 34.65 25 50 75 100. 150 200 300.. . . (400) 26.63 26.72 26.85 26.89 26.90 27.07 27.33 27.57 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Sahn- ity Station 4327; Apr. 6; latitude 43°39' N., longitude 50°24' W.; depth 1,481 meters, dynamic height 971.079 0 22 44 66 88 176.... 264... 393... 588.... 783.... 980... 1,423 3.00 11.20 12.53 12.36 11.63 7.51 4.90 3.47 3.75 3.87 3.64 3.45 33.03 34.95 35.30 35.32 35.30 34.51 34.46 34.69 34.83 34.89 34.87 0. 3.00 11.85 12.50 12.10 11.10 8.75 6.60 4.30 3.45 3.75 3.85 3.60 33.03 35.03 35.31 35.32 35.23 34.76 34.48 34.50 34.69 34.84 34.89 34.87 25 50 75 100 150.. . 200 300 400 600 SOO 1,000 26.34 26.66 26.75 26.84 26.95 26.99 27.08 27.38 26.61 27.70 27.73 27.75 Station 4328; Apr. 6; latitude 42°18' N., longitude 50°17' W.; depth 2,834 meters, dynamic height 971.075 0.. . 11.75 25 12.64 48 12.59 73 12.93 97 7.78 146. 7.34 194 7.08 291 4.90 327. 4.84 512. 4.76 712 4.54 903 3.92 1,402 3.52 34.90 35.28 35.28 35.38 34.44 34.36 34.67 34. 56 34.74 34.97 34.97 .34.905 34.885 0 25 50 75 100.... 150_.. 200 300.... 400 600 800 1, 000. 11.75 12.64 12.60 12.90 7.75 7.30 7.00 4.85 4.80 4.70 4.20 3.80 34.90 35.28 35.28 35.38 34.43 34.37 34.67 34.60 34.89 34.97 34.95 34.90 26.58 26.70 26.71 26.73 26.88 26.90 27.18 26.40 27.63 27.71 27.75 27.75 Station 4329; Apr. 7; latitude 41°55' N., longitude 50°15' W.; depth 3,475 meters, dynamic height 971.215 0 16.39 16.37 16.42 15.76 14.92 36.02 36.02 36.06 35.91 35.75 0 16.39 16.40 16 45 36.02 36.02 3fi n.'i 26 46 27 25 26 46 53 50 26 46 79 75 15.90; 35.95 15 10 3.=; 7S 26 51 105 100 26 56 159 150 13.45 11.85 9.45 7.50 4.30 4.10 3.90 35.52 35.31 35.15 35.05 34.81 34.89 34.90 26 72 211 11.52 9.16 7.88 4.35 4.14 35.27 35.13 35.07 34.80 34.88 200. 26 88 316 300 27 18 380... 400 27 40 575 600.. . 27 63 775 (800) (1,000).... 27 71 27.74 Station 4330; Apr. 7; latitude 41=35' N., longitude 50°11' W.; depth 3,841 meters, dynamic height 971.323 0 17.95 17.97 17.96 17.86 17.85 17.92 17.83 15.12 13.57 36.40 36.41 36.41 36.45 36.45 36.43 36.44 35.86 35.81 0 17.95 17.95 17.95 17.95 17.95 17.90 17.10 14.15 10.00 4.15 4.10 3.90 36.40 36.41 36.42 36.45 36.45 36.45 36.27 35.83 35.37 34.81 34.94 34.93 26 38 22 25 26 38 43 50 26 39 65 75 26 42 87 100 26 42 131 150 26 43 174 200 26 48 261 300 26 81 331 (400) (600) (800) (1,000).... 27 26 27.64 27.75 27.76 56 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1951— Continued Observed values Scaled values Observed values Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity 9i)o Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity o-t Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Depth, meters Tem^ pera- ture °C. Salin- ity %o -namic height 971.036 0 25... 50.. 75... 100. 150. 200. 1.22 0.79 -0.61 -0.69 -0.25 0.86 1.14 32.61 32.64 32.94 33.25 33.52 33.98 34.16 0 1.22 0.79 -0.61 -0.69 -0.25 0.86 1.14 32.61 32.64 32.94 33.25 33.52 33.98 34.16 25 50 75 100 ... . 150 200.... 26.15 26.19 26.49 26.74 26.95 27.25 27.38 Station 4426; May 5; latitude 47=44' N., longitude 48°00' W.; depth 260 meters, dynamic height 971.023 0 0.92 0.79 0.88 -0.01 0.31 0.78 1.18 1.72 32.56 32.61 33.10 33.48 33.70 34.00 34.18 34.32 0 .. . 0.92 0.80 0.85 0.00 0.35 0.80 1.25 32.56 32.62 33.12 33.50 33.73 34.02 34.20 26.11 24 25 26.17 49 50 26.57 73 75 26.92 97. 100 27.08 146 150 27.29 194 243 200 27.41 Station 4427; May 5: latitude 47°49' N., longitude 47°44' W.; depth 297 meters, dynamic height 970.994 0 23 1.18 0.99 0.48 0.06 0.57 1.05 1.58 2.52 32.83 32.98 33.26 33.52 33.85 34.08 34.29 34.54 0.. 25 1.18 0.95 0.45 0.10 0.65 1.20 1.70 32.83 33.00 33.29 33.58 33.89 34.12 34.34 26.32 26.47 47 50 ... 26.72 70 ... . 75 26.97 93 100 27.19 140 150 200 27.35 187 266 27.48 Station 4428; May 6; latitude 48°01' N., longitude 47°34' W.; depth 382 meters, dj-namic height 970.986 0 1.52 1.35 -0.17 0.14 0.79 1.33 1.91 3.22 32.86 33.04 33.49 33.66 33.94 34.17 34.38 34.72 0 1.52 1.40 -0.10 0.05 0.65 1.25 1.75 3.00 32.86 33.02 33.44 33.62 33.90 34.13 34.33 34.67 27 25 53 50 80 75 100 106 159 150 212 200 300 318 26.31 26.45 26.87 27.02 27.20 27.35 27.47 27.65 66 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1951— Continued Observed values Scaled values Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity Depth, pera- ity at Depth, pera- ity Depth, pera- ity o-( meters ture °C. %o meters ture °C. %o meters ture °C. 96o meters ture °C. %o Station 4429; May 6; latitude 48°21' N., longitude 47°14' W.; depth 1,957 meters, dynamic height 970.927 0 1.18 1.12 1.40 1.50 1.79 2.43 2.88 3.29 3.48 3.55 3.61 3.44 3.33 32.78 32.91 34.15 34.26 34.34 34.52 34.64 34.75 34.76 34.83 34.86 34.855 34.87 0 1.18 1.10 1.40 1.45 1.70 2.30 2.80 3.25 3.45 3.55 3.55 3.40 32.78 32.89 34.02 34.25 34.32 34.49 34.62 34.74 34.77 34.84 34.86 34.86 26.28 27 53 25 50 26.36 27.25 80 75 27.43 106.. 160 100 150 27.47 27.56 213 200 27.62 319 381 300 400 .. 27.67 27.68 568 --.- 753 600 800 27.72 27.74 946 1,435 1,000 27.76 Station 4430; May 6; latitude 48°35' N., longitude 46''56' \V.; depth 2,451 meters, dynamic height 970.874 0 3.44 3.48 3.70 3.62 3.18 3.30 3.49 3.50 33.92 33.96 34.10 34.45 34.60 34.70 34.77 34.82 34.84 34.855 34.875 0 3.44 3.50 3.70 3.55 3.20 3.35 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.45 3.40 3.35 33.92 33.96 34.15 34.50 34.62 34.72 34.78 34.83 34.84 34,85 34.85 34.86 27.00 24 25 27.03 47 50 75 27.16 71 27 45 94 100 27.59 141 150 27.65 188 200 27.68 2S2 300. 27.72 431 400 27.73 904 3.39 3.32 600 27.74 1,356 800.. . 27.75 1,000 27.76 Station 4431; May 6; latitude 48°57' N., longitude 46°35' W.; depth 2,780 meters, dynamic height 970.862 0 4.55 4.52 4.46 3.12 2.92 3.32 3.43 3.48 3.54 3.40 3.40 3.37 3.35 34.32 34.32 34.32 34.49 34.63 34.76 34.78 34.82 34.84 34.84 34.85 34.85 34.89 0 4.55 4.55 4.45 3.20 2.90 3.30 3.45 3.50 3.50 3.40 3.40 3.35 34.32 34.32 34.32 34.48 34.62 34.76 34.79 34.82 34.84 34.84 34.85 34.85 27.21 26 25 . . 27 21 51 50 27.22 77. 102 153 •:j4 75 100 150 200 27.47 27.62 27.69 27 69 30d. . 300 27 72 3i)5 400 27 73 091 600. 27.74 787 800 27 75 985 1,000 27.75 1,483 Station 4432; May 6; latitude 49°19' N., longitude 46°18' W.; depth 3,072 meters, dynamic height 970.901 0 4.96 4.96 4.72 4.52 4.06 3.30 3.14 3.40 3.54 3.53 3.43 3.43 3.32 34.29 34.295 34.30 34.32 34.46 34.56 34.59 34.76 34.80 34.845 34.835 34.86 34.86 0 4.96 4.95 4.70 4.40 3.80 3.20 3.20 3.45 3.50 3.50 3,40 3.40 34.29 34.30 34.30 34.36 34.49 34.57 34.63 34.78 34.81 34.84 34.84 34.86 24 25... 45 50 69. 75 . . 89 100 134 150. 178 200 300 267 372 400 561 600 754 800 948. 1, 000 1,441 27.14 27.15 27.17 27.26 27.42 27.55 27.59 27.68 27.71 27.73 27.74 27.76 Station 4433; May 6; latitude 49°10.5' N., longitude 45°38' W.; depth 2,780 meters, dynamic height 970.882 0 4.29 4.21 4.17 3.26 2.83 2.86 3.08 3.20 3.30 3.55 3.49 3.44 3.33 34.30 34.33 34.34 34.46 34.58 34.66 34.72 34.76 34.78 34.84 34.82 34.845 34. 845 0 25 4.29 4.20 4.15 3.40 2.85 2.85 3.05 3.20 3.30 3.55 3.45 3.40 34.30 34.33 34.34 34.43 34.56 34.66 34.71 34.76 34.78 34.84 34.82 34.85 27 22 26 27 25 52 50 27.26 79 75 100 27 41 105.. 27.57 156 150 27.65 209 200 27 67 314 .. 300 27.70 394 400 27.70 588 600 800 27 72 782 27.72 981 1,000 27.75 1,480 Station 4434; May 7; latitude 49°00.5' N., longitude 44°59' W.; depth 1,719 meters dynamic height 970.861 0 4.75 4.04 3.70 2.87 2.84 3.13 3.27 3.36 3.49 3.46 3.44 3.39 3.31 34.21 34.34 34.37 34.57 34.65 34.73 34.76 34.80 34.82 34.84 34.83 34.85 34.895 0 4.75 4.04 3.70 2.86 2.85 3.15 3.25 3.35 3.50 3.45 3.40 3.35 34.21 34.34 34.37 34.57 34.65 34.73 34.76 34.80 34.83 34.84 34.84 34.86 27.10 25 25 27.28 50 50 27.34 74 75 27.58 99 100 27 64 149 .... 150 27.67 199 200 . ... 27.69 298 300 27 21 366.. . 400 27.72 550 600 27.73 738 800 27.74 931 1,000 27.76 1,424 Station 4435; May 7; latitude 48°39.5' N., longitude 45°20' W.; depth 1,152 meters, dynamic height 970.896 0 4.45 4.35 3.77 3.10 3.18 3.18 3.20 3.61 3.79 3.50 3.47 3.36 3.34 33.90 33.93 34.28 34.40 34.52 34.66 34.70 34.80 34.84 34.83 34.85 34.845 34.86 0 4.45 4.35 3.77 3.10 3.18 3.18 3.20 3.61 3.80 3.50 3.45 3.30 33.90 33.93 34. 2K 34.40 34.52 34.66 34.70 34.80 34.84 34.83 34.85 34.85 26.88 25 25 26 91 50 50 27 26 75 100 75 100 27.42 27.51 150 150 27 62 200 200. . 27 65 300 300 27 69 385 400 27 70 577 600 27.72 770 .. 800 27 74 968 1,000 27.75 1,091 Station 4436; May 7; latitude 48°24.5' N., longitude 45°54' W.; depth 1, 152 meters, dynamic height 970.891 0 4.61 4.34 4.00 3.00 3.01 3.27 3.67 3.79 3.83 3.57 3.43 3.38 34.02 34.02 34.10 34.32 34.45 34.65 34.77 34.84 34.87 34.85 34.85 34.86 0 25 25 50 50 75 75 100 100 150 150 200 200.. .. 300. 300 400 400.. .. 598. . 600 796 800 996 1, 000 4.61 4.34 4.00 3 3 34.02 34.02 34.10 00' 34.32 Oi: 34.45 271 34.65 34.77 34.84 34.87 34.85 34.85 34.86 26.97 26.99 27.09 27.37 27.47 27.60 27.66 27.70 27.73 27.73 27.75 27.76 67 Table of Oceanogra'phic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1951— Continued Observed values Depth, maters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Station 4437; May 7; latitude 47°59' N., longitude 46°26' W.; depth 1,170 meters dynamic height 970.903 0 4.10 3.69 2.46 1.77 1.91 2.12 2.56 3.25 3.26 3.84 3.74 3.60 33.98 33.97 34.11 34.20 34.30 34.42 34.56 34.72 34.72 34.86 34.86 34.86 0 4.10 3.60 3.20 1.80 1.95 2.25 2.70 3.40 3.80 3.70 3.55 3.45 33.98 33.97 34.13 34.23 34.32 34.46 34.60 34.75 34.85 34.86 34.86 34.86 26.98 23 45 68 25... 50 75 100 150 27.03 27.28 27.39 91 27.46 136 27.54 181 200 300 27.61 272 . .. 27.67 285 400 600 (800) (1000) 27.71 437 595 27.73 27.74 760. 27.75 Station 4438: Mav 7; latitude 47°54.5'N., longitude 46°05' W.; depth 1,051 meters, dynamic height 970.891 0 4.02 3.47 3.24 2.52 2.74 2.99 3.47 3.79 3.78 3.58 3.43 33.85 33.95 34.20 34.30 34.49 34.61 34.73 34.83 34.84 34.86 34.86 0 25 50 75 100 150 4.02 3.47 3.24 2.50 2.75 3.60 3.50 3.80 3.75 3.55 3.40 3.35 33.85 33.95 34.20 34.31 34.49 34.61 34.73 34.83 34.84 34.86 34.86 34.86 26.89 25 27.02 50 74 27.24 27.40 99 148 27.52 27.60 198 297 200 300 400 600 800 (1000) 27.64 27.69 401 605 27.70 27.74 812 27.76 27.76 Station 4439; May 7; latitude 47°48.5'N., longitude 45°52' W.; depth 421 meters, dynamic height 970.908 0 25.. 49... 74... 98... 148. 197. 295. 398. 3.35 3.75 3.81 33.77 33.78 33.98 34.12 34.22 34.56 34.66 34.84 34.86 0 25.. 50.. 75.. 100 150 200 300 400 3.99 3.49 3.15 2.90 2.60 3.35 3.35 3.75 3.80 33.77 33.78 33.98 34.12 34.23 34.57 34.67 34.84 34.86 26.83 26.88 27.07 27.22 27.32 27.53 27.61 27.70 27,72 Station 4440; Mav 7; latitude 47°44'N., longitude 45°42' W.; depth 325 meters, dynamic height 970.964 0 3,84 3.50 2.84 2,92 2.21 3.89 3.61 3.70 33,71 33.75 33,86 34.13 34.21 34.62 34,68 34.83 0 3.84 3,50 2,84 2.92 2.21 3.89 3.61 3.70 33,71 33.75 33,86 34.13 34,21 34,62 34,68 34.83 26,80 25 25 50 75 100 150 200 300 26 86 50 27 01 75 27,22 100 27 35 150 27 52 200 27,59 300 27 70 Station 4441; May 7; latitude 47''27'N., longitude 45°11' W.; depth 230 meters, dynamic height 970.964 0 7.59 6,77 6.75 6,38 4.10 3,14 3.60 33,90 33,89 33,89 33,94 34,06 34,38 34.66 0 25 7,59 6,77 6,75 6,25 4,10 3,15 3.60 33,90 33.89 33.89 33,94 34,06 34.39 34.63 25 49 50 , 74 75 , ., 99 100 150. , 148 207 200 26,48 26.59 26.60 26.71 27,05 27.40 27.55 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity %o Station 4442; May 8; latitude 47°22'N,, longitude 45°00' W.; depth 188 meters, dynamic height 970.954 0 6.96 6,68 5,76 4,30 3.40 3,56 33,94 33.95 33,91 34,06 34,40 34,50 0 6,96 6,75 6,10 5,00 3,80 3,45 33,94 33,95 33,92 33,95 34,19 34,46 29 25 59 50 88 117. . .. 75..... 100 176... 150 26.61 26,65 26,71 26,86 27,18 27,43 Station 4443; May 8; latitude 47°22'N., longitude 45°13' W.; depth 216 meters, dynamic height 970.950 26,55 26,61 26,65 26,90 27,22 27,46 27.55 0. 7.09 6,57 6,45 4,90 3,48 3,94 4,01 33.89 33,88 33,90 33.98 34,20 34,56 34,67 0 7.09 6,57 6,45 4,90 3,48 3,95 4,00 33,89 33,88 33,90 33.98 34,20 34,56 34,67 25 25 50 50.. 75 100 75 100 151 201 150 200 Station 4444; May 8; latitude 47°23'N., longitude 45°33' W.; depth 272 meters, dynamic height 970.940 0 5,20 4,90 4,66 3,81 3,36 3,55 3,98 4,01 33,72 33.71 33,72 34,00 34.17 34,49 34,64 34,79 0 5.20 4.90 4.55 3,60 3.35 3.65 4.00 33,72 33,71 33,72 34,06 34,24 34,54 34.69 23 25 45 50 . 68 75 91 100 136 182.. 236 150 200 26,67 26.69 26,73 27,10 27,26 27,47 27.56 Station 4445; May 8; latitude 47°24'N., longtidue 45°57' W,; depth 320 meters, dynamic height 970.952 0.... 23.. 46.. 69., 92.. 137 184. 276, 33,74 33,78 33,83 33,99 34,16 34,38 34,59 34,82 0 25... 50,... 75... 100.. 150.. 200.. (300) 5.46 5,50 5,45 4,35 3,85 3.65 3.85 3,80 33.74 33,78 33,85 34,03 34,22 34,43 34,64 34,85 26.65 26.68 26.74 26,99 27,21 27.38 27.53 27,71 Station 4446; May 8; latitude 47°26'N., longitude 46°18' W.; depth 622 meters, dynamic height 970.912 0 3,18 33.58 0 3.18 33.58 21 3,13 33,60 25 3.15 33,68 41 2,91 33,97 50 2,65 34,02 62 2,34 34,08 75 2,25 34,14 82 . 2,22 3,14 34,18 34,54 100 150.. 2,65 3,10 34,35 34,60 123 165 3,10 34.62 200 3.10 34,66 247 3,19 34.70 300 3.55 34,76 353 3,85 34.84 400... 3,80 34,84 545 3,76 34,86 (600) 3,70 34,86 26,75 26,84 27.16 27,28 27.42 27,58 27,63 27,66 27.70 27,73 68 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1951— Continued Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- SaUn- Depth, pera- ity Depth, pera- ity meters ture °C. %o meters ture °C. %o Station 4447; May 8; latitude 47°23'N., longitude 46°31' W.; depth 1042 meters, dynamic height 970.918 0 3.74 3.25 3.22 3.24 2.89 2.36 2.32 2.83 3.02 3.88 3.81 3.59 33.77 33.79 33.99 34.14 34.23 34.42 34.48 34.62 34.67 34.87 34.87 34.87 0 3.74 3.25 3.25 3.10 2.65 2.30 2.45 3.25 3.80 3.80 3.55 3.45 33.77 33.82 34.03 34.18 34.30 34.45 34.53 34.71 34.85 34.87 34.87 34.87 21 25 43 50 64 75 86 100. . .. 128 150 171 200 257 300 272 400 438 600 613 800 793 (1000) 26.85 26.94 27.10 27.24 27.38 27.53 27.57 27.65 27.71 27.73 27.75 27.76 Station 4448; May 8; latitude 47°15'N., longitude 47°11' W.; depth 1,024 meters, dynamic height 970.943 0 2.46 2.68 2.45 2.40 1.89 2.18 2.40 3.27 3.64 3.86 3.61 3.44 33.37 33.64 33.99 34.14 34.23 34.40 34.49 34.70 34.79 34.83 34.855 34.855 0 2.46 2.68 2.45 2.40 1.90 2.15 2.40 3.25 3.65 3.80 3.55 3.35 33.37 33.64 33.79 34.14 34.23 34.40 34.48 34.69 34.79 34.83 34.85 34.85 26.65 25 25 50 75 100 26.85 50 27.14 76 27.27 101 27.38 152 150 27.50 202 200 27.54 303 300 400 27.63 385 27.67 580 600.... 800.... 27.69 776 27.73 930 (1000) 27.75 Station 4449; May 9; latitude 47°14'N., longitude 47°36' W.; depth 220 meters, dynamic height 971. 060 0 1.34 1.06 -1.17 -0.74 -0.38 0.59 1.16 32.55 32.58 32.91 33.20 33.37 33.85 34.14 0 25 1.34 1.10 -1.15 -0.80 -0.45 0.45 1.05 32.55 32.58 32.90 33.16 33.33 33.79 34.10 26.08 26 26.12 52 50 26.47 79 75 . . 20.67 105 100 150 26.80 156 27.12 209 200 27.34 Station 4450; May 9; latitude 47°12' N., longitude 47°05' W.; depth 169 meters, dynamic height 971.088 0 1.67 1.67 1.39 -0.96 -0.92 0.09 32.56 32.57 32.56 32.84 33.10 33.58 0 1.67 1.65 1.35 -0.95 -0.90 0.20 32.56 32.57 32.50 32.88 33.14 33.64 26.06 24 ... 25 26.07 48 50 . ... 26.09 71 75 100 .. 26.45 95 26.67 143 (150) 27.02 Station 4451; May 9; latitude 47°08' N., longitude 48°27' W.; depth 125 meters, dynamic height 971.087 0 1.93 1.77 0.22 -0.99 -0.61 32.58 32.58 32.64 33.12 33.27 0 1.93 1.80 0.60 -0.80 -0.80 32.58 32.58 32.62 32.96 33.21 26.06 28 25 26.07 56 50 26.18 84 75 26.51 112 100 26.72 Station 4452; May 9; latitude 47°10' N., longitude 49°12' W.; depth 88 meters, dynamic height 971.089 0.. 26 51 77, 2.58 2.44 1.98 -0.58 32.60 32.61 32.65 33.02 0.. 25 50 75 2.58 2.45 2.05 -0.55 32.60 32.61 32.65 32.98 26.03 26.05 26.12 26.52 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Scaled values Depth, meters pera- ture Salin- ity Station 4453; May 9; latitude 46°46.5' N., longitude 48°44' W.; depth 82 meters, dynamic height 971.044 0 2.73 2.23 1.99 0.00 32.64 32.66 32.67 32.97 0 2.73 2.20 1.85 -0.45 32.64 32.66 32.67 33.07 26.05 24 25 50 (75) 26.10 48 69 26.14 26.59 Station 4454; May 9; latitude 46°46' N., longitude 48°04' W.; depth 117 meters, dynamic height 971.051 0 3.36 1.82 32.67 32.66 32.68 32.76 33.17 0 3.36 1.85 1.70 1.15 -0.60 32.67 32.66 32.68 32.75 33.10 26.02 26 51 25 50 75 100 26.13 26.16 77 103 1.10 -0.69 26.26 26.61 Station 4455; May 9; latitude 46°45' N., longitude 47°33' W.; depth 169 meters, dynamic height 971.024 0 2.30 1.16 0.74 -1.12 -0.53 0.74 32.57 32.58 32.86 33.08 33.36 33.95 0 2.30 1.16 0.75 -1.10 -0.60 0.65 32.57 32.58 32.95 33.07 33.35 33.90 26.03 25 51 76 102 25 50 75 100 26.12 26.44 26.61 26.82 153 150 27.20 Station 4456; May 9; latitude 46°45' N., longitude 47°15' W.; depth 320 meters, dynamic height 970.986 0 3.04 1.79 1.30 1.14 0.74 1.08 1.97 2.38 32.81 32.84 33.06 33.68 33.86 34.12 34.35 34.50 0 3.04 1.79 1.30 1.10 0.75 1.15 2.00 2.40 32.81 32.84 33.09 33.69 33.87 34.12 34.36 34.50 26.17 25 25 26.28 49 50 26.51 74 98 75 100 150 27.00 27.18 147 27.35 197 200 27.48 295 300. . 27.56 Station 4457; May 9; latitude 46°43.5' N., longitude 47°02' W.; depth 860 meters, dynamic height 970.963 0 2.49 1.80 1.40 0.80 0.78 1.16 1.97 2.78 3.48 3.79 3.50 32.86 32.88 33.15 33.78 33.91 34.12 34.34 34.62 34.77 34.88 34.87 0 2.49 1.75 1.30 0.80 0.85 1.35 2.10 3.05 3.70 3.65 3.40 32.86 32.88 33.23 33.82 33.95 34.18 34.40 34.70 34.83 34.87 34.87 26.24 23 25 50 26.32 46 26.63 69 75 27.13 92 100 .. .. 27.23 137 150 27.38 183 200. 27.50 275 . 300 27.66 331 400. 27.70 514 600 27.74 707 (800) 27.77 Station 4458; May 9; latitude 46°41.5' N., longitude 46°41' W.; depth 1,197 meters, dynamic height 970.936 0 2.72 2.24 1.48 2.60 1.91 2.52 2.32 3.74 3.85 3.81 3.55 3.49 3.42 33.26 33.26 33.67 34.07 34.09 34.33 34.43 34.77 34.82 34.86 34.88 34.875 34.87 0 2.72 2.15 1.50 2.50 1.95 2.45 2.55 3.80 3.80 3.65 3.50 3.40 33.26 33.26 33.76 34.08 34.12 34.35 34.49 34.80 34.84 34.87 34.88 34.87 23 25 50 75 100 150 46 68 91 136 182 200 273 300. . 332 400 600 800 1, 000 509 693 877 1,019 26.54 26.59 27.04 27.21 27.30 27.43 27.54 27.67 27.70 27.74 27.76 27.77 69 Table of Oceanographic Dafa— Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1951— Continued Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity Depth, pera- ity meters ture °C. %o meters ture °C. %o Station 4459; May 10; latitude 46°42' N., longitude 46°22' W.; depth 622 meters, dynamic height 970.922 0 25.. 50.. 75.. 100 150 201 301 389 487 4.74 4.23 3.66 2.18 2.49 3.22 3.80 4.03 3.86 3.72 33.58 33.58 33.73 34.06 34.32 34.57 34.72 34.84 34.85 34.87 0 4.74 4.23 3.66 2.18 2.49 3.22 3.80 4.05 3.85 33.58 33.58 33.73 34.06 34.32 34.57 34.72 34.84 34.85 25 50 75.... 100 150 200 300 400 26.60 26.65 27.83 27.23 27.41 27.55 27.61 27.67 27.70 Station 4460; May 10; latitude 46°43.5' N. , longitude 45°58' W.; depth 324 meters, dynamic height 970.935 0 6.94 6.54 6.73 3.84 3.19 3.95 3.96 3.85 33.94 33.93 34.00 34.12 34.24 34.54 34.68 34.86 0 6.94 6.54 6.73 3.84 3.19 3.95 3.96 3.85 33.94 33.93 34.00 34.12 34.24 34.54 34.68 34.86 25 25 50 50 75 75 100 150 100.. 150 200 300 200 300 26.61 26.65 26.69 27.13 27.28 27.44 27.55 27.71 Station 4461; May 10; latitude 46°44' N., longitude 45°44' W.; depth 265 meters, dynamic height 970.953 0.... 25-. 50.. 74.. 99.. 149 198 248 7.59 7.36 7.61 6.12 4.40 4.84 4.18 3.88 34.12 34.10 34.16 34.13 34.13 34.59 34.65 34.72 0. 7.54 7.36 7.61 6.00 4.40 4.85 4.15 34.12 34.10 34.16 34.13 34.13 34.59 34.65 25 .. 50 75 100 150. 200 26.66 26.68 26.69 26.88 27.07 27.39 27.51 Station 4462; May 10; latitude 46°45.5' N., longitude 45°22' W.; depth 220 meters, dynamic height 970.948 0.... 23.. 46-. 69.. 92-. 139 185 6.66 6.17 5.86 5.49 5.15 4.19 3.82 33.92 33.87 33.86 33.92 34.20 34.52 34.61 0 6.66 6.10 5.80 5.40 4.95 4.05 3.75 33.92 33.87 33.87 33.96 34.28 34.55 34.63 25 50 75... 100 150 (200) 26.64 26.68 26.71 26.82 27.13 27.44 27.53 Station 4463; May 10; latitude 46°47' N., longitude 45°00' W.; depth 169 meters, dynamic height 970.929 0..- 25.. 50.. 75.. 101 151 6.94 6.57 6.15 3.37 3.01 3.24 33.97 33.98 33.94 34.13 34.30 34.49 0.... 25.. 50- 75.. 100 150 6.94 6.57 6.15 3.37 3.00 3.25 33.97 33.98 33.94 34.13 34.30 34.49 26.64 26.69 26.72 27.17 27.35 27.47 Station 4464; May 10; latitude 46°47.5' N. , longitude 44°51' W.; depth 133 meters, dynamic height 970.936 0 26- 51.. 77... 102 127 6.25 5.66 4.43 3.67 3.38 33.90 33.88 33.92 34.05 34.27 34.31 0 25.. 50-- 75- 100 6.30 5.70 4.50 3.70 33.90 33.88 33.92 34.03 34.27 26.61 26.65 26.77 26.98 27.26 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Station 4465; May 23; latitude 43°20' N., longitude 50°15' W.; depth 57 meters, dynamic height 971.097 0.. 23 42 7.16 3.11 3.13 32.86 32.89 32.91 0..-. 25.. (50) 7.16 3.10 3.15 32.86 32.89 32.92 25.74 26.21 26.24 Station 4466; May 23; latitude 43°03' N., longitude 50°15' W.; depth 76 meters, dynamic height 971.100 0.. 25 50 75, 4.49 3.94 1.26 0.67 32.67 32.67 32.78 32.90 0 4.49 3.94 1.26 0.67 0.35 32.67 32.67 32.78 32.90 33.04 25 . 50 75 (100) 25.90 25.96 26.27 26.39 26.53 Station 4467; May 23; latitude 42°52' N., longitude 50°15' W.; depth 329 meters, dynamic height 971.076 0 25.. 50.. 75... 100 150 200 300 5.46 2.93 0.89 -0.32 -0.42 1.37 2.65 3.58 32.67 32.65 32.72 32.98 33.35 33.93 34.22 34.63 0 5.46 2.93 0.89 -0.32 -0.42 1.37 2.65 3.58 32.67 32.65 32.72 32.98 33.35 33.93 34.22 34.63 25 50 75 100 150 200 300 25.80 26.04 26.24 26.51 27.82 27.18 27.32 27.55 Station 4468; May 23; latitude 42°39.5' N., longitude 50°14' W.; depth 1,957 meters, dynamic height 971.013 0 8.20 7.60 6.00 3.93 3.07 3.81 4.30 4.35 4.92 4.29 4.10 3.72 3.43 33.23 33.69 33.86 33.84 34.12 34.39 34.60 34.76 34.94 34.93 34.98 34.90 34.87 0 25 25 50 50 75 75 100 100 150 150 201 200 301 300 398 400 595 600 793 800 993 1,492 1,000 8.20 7.60 6.00 3.93 3.07 3.81 4.30 4.35 4.90 4.30 4.05 3.70 33.23 33.69 33.86 33.84 34.12 34.39 34.59 34.76 34.94 34.93 34.93 34.90 25.88 26.32 26.68 26.88 27.20 27.34 27.45 27.58 27.66 27.71 27.74 27.76 Station 4469; May 23; latitude 42°19' N., longitude 50°12' W.; depth 3,017 meters, dynamic height 971.008 0 24 49 73 97 146.... 195... 292..- 385.... 578.... 772... 968— 1,461 9.82 7.72 5.69 4.77 2.83 3.31 3.40 4.02 5.04 4.35 3.97 3.88 3.52 33.19 33.39 33.41 33.96 34.10 34.35 34.50 34.76 34.98 34.95 34.925 34.92 34.915 0 25 50 75 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1, 000 3.30 3.40 4.10 5.00 4.30 3.90 3.85 33.19 33.39 33.41 33.97 34.12 34.37 34.52 34.78 34.98 34.95 34.92 34.92 25.59 26.08 26.36 26.93 27.22 27.38 27.49 27.62 27.68 27 73 27.76 27.76 70 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1951— Continued Observed values Sealed values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity Depth, pera- ity meters ture °C. %o meters ture °C. %o Station 4470; May 23; latitude 41°58' N., longitude 50°0 W.; depth 3,585 meters, dynamic height 971.085 0 12.56 10.89 12.36 12.28 11.25 9.23 7.03 6.44 4.79 4.43 4.18 3.76 33.71 34.49 35.11 35.34 35.24 34.99 34.77 34.90 34.96 34.97 34.96 34.94 0 12.56 10.89 12.36 12.25 11.20 9.15 7.00 6.45 5.70 4.65 4.35 4.10 33.71 34.49 35.11 35.34 35.24 34.98 34.77 34.90 34.95 34.96 34.97 34.96 25.50 25 25 50 26.41 50 26.63 74 75 100 . .. 26.82 99 26.94 148 150 27.09 197 200 27.26 296 300 400 27.43 555 27.57 744 600 27.71 936 . .. 800 27.75 1,425 1,000 27.77 Station 4471; May 23; latitude 41°26.5' N. , longitude 50°09' W.; depth 3,786 meters, dynamic height 971.143 0 12.84 8.63 7.65 11.46 9.99 11.20 9.61 6.84 6.39 4.63 4.24 3.86 3.38 33.70 33.75 33.95 35.16 34.91 35.37 35.17 34.87 34.93 34.90 34.92 34.905 34.86 0 12.84 8.80 7.65 11.00 10.15 11.05 10.05 7.45 6.05 4.55 4.15 3.80 33.70 33.74 33.91 35.00 34.95 35.30 35.22 34.96 34.90 34.90 34.92 34.90 25.44 27 25 26.18 53 50 26.49 80 75 26.79 106 100 26.90 160 150 27.01 213 200 27.13 319 300 27.34 392 400 27.49 587 600 27.67 783 800 27.73 980 1, 000 27.75 1, 474 Station 4472; May 24; latitude 42°03' N., longitude 49°25' W.; depth 3,109 meters, dynamic height 971.093 0 12.58 11.54 12.50 12.59 11.07 9.20 9.70 5.43 5.27 4.55 4.27 4.09 3.71 33.74 34.64 35.20 35.40 35.10 34.94 35.20 34.69 34.84 34.94 34.94 34.94 34.93 0 12.58 11.55 12.55 12.55 10.90 9.20 9.60 5.40 5.10 4.45 4.20 4.00 33.74 34.67 35.22 35.40 35.08 34.94 35.19 34.70 34.88 34.94 34.94 34.94 25.52 24 25 26.44 49 50 75 . ... 26.67 73 26.81 97 100 26.87 146 150 27.06 195 200 27.18 292 300.. 27.41 368 400 27.59 553 600 27.71 739 800 27.74 931 1,000 27.76 1,421 Observed values Station 4473; May 24; latitude 41°34' N., longitude 48°47' W.; depth 3,292 meters, dynamic height 971.151 0 12.02 10.88 12.33 13.86 13.46 11.18 10.70 6.70 6.23 4.97 4.19 3.83 3.65 33.70 34.41 35.04 35.66 35.61 35.22 35.31 34.77 34.92 34.97 34.92 34.90 34.92 0 25 50 75 100 12.02 .33.70 26 10.90 12.20 13.80 13.55 11.40 10.80 7.00 6.20 4.90 4.15 3.80 34.39 35.00 35.64 35.62 35.25 35.31 34.81 34.93 34.97 34.92 34.90 52 78 104 155 207 150 200 311 300. 393 400 600 591 792 800 1,000 991 1,492 25.60 26.34 26.57 26.74 26.78 26.92 27.07 27.29 27.49 27.69 27.73 27.75 Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Station 4474; May 24; latitude 42°00' N., longitude 47°58' W.; depth 3,658 meters, dynamic height 971.105 0 26 13.12 11.90 10.51 8.76 8.26 9.02 7.49 5.27 6.31 5.21 4.60 4.14 3.62 33.27 34.53 34.80 34.64 34.66 34.98 34.82 34.70 34.94 34.99 34.96 34.93 34.90 0 25 13.12 11.95 10.60 8.90 8.30 9.00 7.70 5.30 5.90 4.90 4.30 3.95 33.27 34.50 34.80 34.64 34.66 34.95 34.84 34.70 34.97 34.98 34.94 34.92 25.06 26.23 61 50.. . 26.71 77 75 26.87 102 100 26.98 155 150 200 300 27.10 206 27.21 308 27.42 334 400 27.57 510 600. . . 27.69 693 800 27.72 875 1,000 27.75 1,346 Station 4475; May 25; latitude 42°27 .5' N . , longitude 48°26' W.; depth 3,383 meters, dynamic height 971.042 0 9.38 6.12 5.45 2.12 3.77 4.16 3.64 4.90 4.52 4.49 4.41 3.81 3.67 32.95 33.33 33.65 33.70 34.10 34.41 34.44 34.83 34.81 34.92 34.95 34.91 34.92 0 25 50 9.38 6.20 5.50 2.40 3.45 4.10 3.70 4.70 4.50 4.45 4.10 3.75 32.95 33.30 33.64 33.68 34.01 34.38 34.43 34.78 34.83 34.94 34.94 34.91 25.46 27 26.20 53 26.56 80 75 26.90 106 100 150 27.08 159.. .. 27.30 212 200 27.38 318 300 27.55 353 400 27.61 533 600 27.71 719 800 27.75 908 1,000 27.76 1,395 Station 4476; May 25; latitude 42°40.5' N. , longitude 49°09' W.; depth 2,268 meters, dynamic height 971.016 0 10.41 8.02 6.51 3.65 2.88 3.50 5.64 5.32 4.91 4.41 3.94 3.77 3.58 33.38 33.33 33.70 33.82 33.97 34.37 34.82 34.92 34.93 34.95 34.89 34.89 34.87 0 10.41 7.75 5.75 3.15 3.00 4.50 5.55 5.20 4.90 4.40 3.90 3.75 33.38 33.34 33.74 33.88 34.06 34.58 34.87 34.93 34.93 34.95 34.89 34.89 25.64 22 25 26.02 44 . ... 50 26.61 66 75 26.99 88 100 27.16 131 150 27.42 174 200 27.53 262 300 27.61 396 400. 27.65 594 600 27.72 792 800 .... 27.73 991 1,000 27.74 1,489 Station 4477; May 25; latitude 43°19' N., longitude 48°47' W.; depth 1,737 meters, dynamic height 971.106 0 13.38 14.12 13.36 12.22 10.18 10.00 9.04 5.59 4.44 3.84 3.81 3.73 3.53 34.08 35.08 35.27 35.23 34.91 35.09 35.04 34.70 34.73 34.83 34.86 34.87 34.87 0 13.38 14.15 13.35 12.15 10.15 9.90 8.85 5.40 4.35 3.80 3.80 3.70 34.08 35.10 35.27 35.22 34.92 35.09 35.03 34.70 34.74 34.84 34.86 34.87 24 25 49 50 73 75 . . . 97 100 150 145 194 200 300 291 383 400..... 577. 600 773 800 968.. . 1,000 1,456 25.62 26.25 26.55 26.75 26.88 27.06 27.18 27.41 27.56 27.70 27.72 27.74 71 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1951— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. SaUn- ity Station 4478; May 25; latitude 43°10.5'N., longitude 48°11' W.; depth 3,164 meters, dvnamic height 971.169 0 _ 15.04 15.28 15.53 15.25 14.41 12.81 11.59 7.74 7.26 5.36 4.32 3.92 3.46 35.50 35.78 35.86 35.84 35.75 35.47 35.45 34.90 34.96 34.96 34.91 34.90 34.88 0 15.04 15.28 15.55 15.25 14.45 12.80 11.60 7.80 6.65 4.85 4.10 3.80 35.50 35.78 35.86 35.84 35.75 35.48 35.45 34.91 34.96 34.94 34.91 34.90 26 36 25 25 26 52 51 50 26 53 76 75 26 58 101 100 26 69 151 150 26 82 202 200 300 27 03 303 27 25 347 400 27 46 531 600 27 66 723 800 27 73 913 1,404 1,000 27.75 Station 4479; May 25; latitude 42°51.5' N. , longitude 47°28' W.; depth 3,823 meters, dynamic height 971.106. 26.07 26.16 26.49 26.63 26.73 27.07 27.25 27.45 27.55 27.69 27.73 27.75 0 13.30 12.34 11.42 10.74 9.61 6.86 6.43 6.01 4.57 4.82 4.21 3.84 3.55 34.64 34.51 34.71 34.73 34.59 34.50 34.66 34.82 34.72 34.92 34.92 34.89 34.89 0.. 13.30 12.34 11.42 10.70 9.50 6.80 6.40 5.90 4.70 4.50 3.95 3.70 34.64 34.51 34.71 34.73 34.59 34.50 34.66 34.82 34.78 34.92 34.90 34.89 25 25 50 50 74 75 99 100 148 150 198 200 297 300 344 400 518 600 693 800 880 1,367 1,000 Station 4480; May 25-26; latitude 42°32' N., longitude 46° 44' W.; depth 4,207 meters, dynamic height 971.212 0 26 , 51 77 103... 153... 205... 308... 387..., 579..., 771..., 967... 1,461 16.01 16.05 15.89 15.55 14.49 13.17 11.05 8.18 4.11 5.47 4.61 4.09 3.64 35.40 35.90 35.94 35.97 35.76 35.56 35.22 34.90 34.44 34.96 34.95 34.92 34.90 0. 16.01 16.05 15.90 15.55 14.65 13.25 11.20 8.40 4.15 5.35 4.50 4.00 35.40 35.89 35.94 35.97 35.80 35.58 35.25 34.94 34.47 34.96 34.95 34.92 25 50 75 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1,000 26.07 26.43 26.50 26.61 26.68 26.81 26.95 27.18 27.37 27.62 27.71 27.75 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. SaHn- ity Sealed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Sahn- ity Station 4482; May 26; latitude 43°20' N., longitude 46°00' W.; depth 4,663 meters, dynamic height 971.251 0 25 50 75 101.... 150... 201.... 302.... 399.... 600.... 801.... 1,002 15.72 15.55 15.74 16.08 15.23 13.25 12.47 9.92 7.60 4.68 4.51 4.34 35.35 35.79 35.98 36.12 35.90 35.54 35.42 35.16 34.94 34.81 34.93 34.96 0 25 50 75 100.... 150_.. 200.... 300.... 400.... 600.... 800.... 1,000 15.72 15.55 15.74 16 15.25 13.25 12.50 9.95 7.60 4.65 4.50 4.30 35.35 35.79 35.98 36.12 35.91 35.54 35.42 35.16 34.94 34.81 34.93 34.96 26.10 26.47 26.58 26.61 26.63 26.78 26.84 27.11 27.30 27.59 27.69 27.74 Station 4483; May 26; latitude 43°31.5' N., longitude 46° 42' W.; depth, 4,298 meters, dynamic height 971.275 Station 4481; May 26; latitude 42°57' N., longitude 46°23' Station 4485; May 26; latitude 43°54' N., longitude 47°55' W.; depth 4,463 meters, dynamic height 971.246 W.; depth 3,658 meters, dynamic height 971.142 0 26 51 77 103.... 153.... 205.... 308.... 374... 563.... 755.... 949... 1,444, 16.94 16.60 16.05 16.03 15.62 14.60 13.07 9.06 8.90 6.03 4.76 4.27 3.65 35.93 36.12 36.06 36.10 36.01 .35.81 35.51 34.90 35.09 34.97 34.94 34.93 34.90 0 25 50 75 100.... 150... 200.... 300.... 400.... 600.... 800.... 1,000 16.94 16.65 16.05 16.05 15.70 14.65 13.25 9.35 8.50 5.65 4.60 4.15 35.93 36.12 36.06 36.10 36.02 35.82 35.54 34.94 35.07 34.96 34.94 34.93 26.26 26.47 26.57 26.60 26.62 26.70 26.78 27.03 27.27 27.59 27.69 27.73 Station 4484; May 26; latitude 43°43.5' N., longitude 47° 18' W.; depth 3,969 meters, dynamic height 971.166 0 26 52 78 103.... 154.... 206... 309.... 342... 521.... 705.... 896.... 1,310 13.99 13.42 13.86 12.35 11.64 9.95 6.14 8.00 7.23 5.65 4.66 4.26 3.81 34.64 35.07 35.32 35.05 35.04 34.98 34.41 35.05 34.98 34.97 34.94 34.93 34.92 0 13.99 13.40 13.85 12.55 11.70 10.10 6.30 7.90 6.55 5.15 4.40 4.10 34.64 35.07 35.30 35.07 35.04 34.99 34.47 35.01 34.97 34.96 34.93 34.93 25 50 75 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1,000 25 93 26.39 26.47 26.56 26.70 26.94 27,12 27.32 27.48 27.65 27.70 27.74 0 25 52 77 103.... 154.... 205... 308.... 401.... 600.... 799.... 998.... 1,494, 14.90 15.43 15.92 15.90 15.70 13.34 11.68 9.00 7.73 4.87 4.74 4.27 3.71 34.84 35.74 36.01 36.04 36.01 35.55 35.34 35.00 35.00 34.86 34.98 34.915 34.895 0 25 50 75 100..., 150.... 200.... 300.... 400.... 600.... 800.... 1,000 14 15.43 15.90 15.90 15.70 13.60 11.85 9.15 7.75 4.85 4.75 4.25 34.84 35.74 36.01 36.04 36.02 35.60 35.36 35.01 35.00 34.86 34.98 34.91 25.89 26.46 26.56 26.58 26.62 26.75 26.92 27.12 27.33 27.60 27.70 27.71 0 26 52 78 104..., 154... 206..., 309... 349... 521.... 692.... 880.... 1,290 5.40 1.61 -0.64 -0.73 -0.54 4.42 7.70 1.65 1.77 4.60 4.41 4.13 3.40 32.56 32.55 33.01 33.08 33.24 33.98 34.66 34.22 34.26 34.86 34.92 34.94 34.865 0 25 50 75 100... 150... 200... 300.... 400.... 600.... 800.... 1,000 5.40 1.70 -0.60 -0.70 -0.60 4.10 7.70 1.95 2.60 4.50 4.20 3.90 32.56 32.55 32.97 33.07 33.20 33.92 34.65 34.25 34.43 34.90 34.94 34.92 25.72 26.06 26.51 26.60 26.70 26.94 27.06 27.40 27.48 27.67 27.74 27.76 72 Table of Oceanograjjhic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1951— Continued Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity Depth, pera- ity a-t meters ture °C. %o meters ture °C. %o Station 4486; Mav 27; latitude 44°5.5' N. , longtitude 48°27' W.; depth 3,200 meters, dynamic height 971.019 0 4.68 4.86 4.57 3.89 2.93 2.69 3.24 4.33 3.90 4.09 4.09 32.50 33.00 33.53 33.86 34.03 34.34 34.53 34,80 34.79 34.87 34.89 34.86 34.87 0 4.68 4.85 4.55 3.75 2.85 2.70 3.35 4.30 3.90 4.10 4.05 3.90 32.50 33.03 33.57 33.89 34.06 34.36 34.56 34.80 34.79 34.87 34.89 34.86 25.75 24 25 26.15 48 50 26.62 72 75 100 26.94 96 27.17 145 .. 150 27.42 192 200 27.52 288 300 27.62 394 .. .. 400 27.65 587 600 27.70 779 800 27.71 985 1,000 27.71 1,430 3.52 Station 4487; May 27; latitude 44°13' N., longitude 48°47' W.; depth 1,646 meters, dynamic height 971.053 0 4.81 3.64 1.04 -0.24 0.18 1.67 2.04 2.55 3.57 3.88 3.85 3.46 32.57 32.50 32.88 33.30 33.61 34.14 34.34 34.51 34.73 34.85 34.88 34.85 34.83 0 4.81 3.64 1.05 -0.24 0.15 1.65 2.05 2.55 3.45 3.85 3.85 3.70 32.57 32.50 32.87 33.30 33.61 34.14 34.34 34.50 34.71 34.84 34.88 34.85 25 25 51 50 75 75 101 100 151 150 202 200 303 300 414 400 619 600 823 800 1,031 1,465 1, 000...... 25.80 25.85 26.36 26.76 27.00 27.33 27.46 27.55 27.63 27.69 27.72 27.72 Station 4488; May 27; latitude 44°13' N., longitude 48°56' \V.; depth 585 meters, dynamic height 971.031 0 5.52 2.74 -0.69 -0.71 -0.43 0.40 0.97 2.59 0.38 3.65 32.52 32.60 32.97 33.18 33.36 33.74 34.00 34.49 33.76 34.80 0 5.62 2.74 -0.69 -0.71 -0.43 0.40 0.95 2.60 3.35 32.52 32.60 32.97 33.18 33.36 33.74 34.00 34.49 34.71 25.67 25 25 26.02 50 50 26.52 75 75 26.69 100 100 .. 150 26.82 150 27.09 201 200 27.26 301 300 27.53 152 400 27.64 550 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Station 4491; May 27; latitude 44°13' N., longitude 49°23' W.; depth 52 meters, dynamic height 971.114 Station 4489; Mav 27; latitude 44°12.5' N., longitude 49°04' W.; depth 139" meters, dynamic height 971.099 0 24.. 48... 72.. 96.. 133 6.28 1.63 0.36 -0.73 -0.51 -0.08 32.60 32.70 32.85 33.01 33.24 33.44 0 25... 50... 75... 100 6.28 1.55 0.25 -0.75 -0.45 32.60 32.71 32.86 33.04 33.26 25.65 26.19 26.39 26.58 26.74 0.. 22 40 7.85 4.27 3.52 32.48 32.74 32.76 0 25... (50) 7.85 32.48 4.15 32.75 3.35 32.77 25.34 26.00 26.10 Station 4490; May 27; latitude 44°13' N., longitude 49°11' W.; depth 55 meters, dynamic height 971.102 Station 4492; May 27; latitude 44°59' N., longitude 49°24' W.; depth 66 meters, dynamic height 971.105 0 5.91 3.88 1.26 32.47 32.59 32.68 26 52 0 5.91 3.90 1.40 32.47 25 32.59 32.67 50 25.59 25.91 26.17 Station 4493; Mav 27; latitude 44°55.5' N. , longitude 49°10' W.; depth 119 meters, dynamic height 971.096 0 5.45 2.49 0.53 -0.13 -0.33 32.52 32.64 32.76 32.83 33.05 0 5.45 2.49 0.53 -0.10 -0.30 32.52 32.64 32.76 32.83 33.04 25 25 50 50 76 75 101 100 25.68 26.07 26.30 26.38 Station 4494; May 27; latitude 44°52.5' N., longitude 48°56' W.; depth 631 meters, dynamic height 971.075 0 25... 49... 74... 99... 148. 197. 296. 372 564 4.86 2.29 0.12 ■1.29 -0.52 0.21 0.96 1.67 2.75 3.49 32.56 32.57 32.85 33.04 33.30 33.66 34.02 34.31 34.57 34.76 0 25... 50... 75... 100. 150. 200. 300 400 4.86 2.29 0.05 -1.30 -0.50 0.25 1.00 1.70 2.95 32.56 32.57 32.86 33.05 33.31 33.67 34.04 34.32 34.62 25.78 26.03 26.40 26.60 26.78 27.03 27.23 27.47 27.61 Station 4495; May 28; latitude 44°49.5' N., longitude 48°44' W.; depth 1,527 meters, dynamic height 971.000 0 4 86 25 3.24 50 1.58 75 0.27 100 2 77 151 3.42 200 3.94 300 4.61 391 4.27 585 3 80 777 3.59 976 3 48 1,181 3.45 32.33 32.76 33.00 33.61 34.03 34.46 34.62 34.84 34.87 34.865 34.88 34.86 34.86 0 25 50 75 100 150 200 300 400 600 800.... 1,000 4.86 3.24 1.58 0.27 2.77 3.40 3.95 4.60 4.20 3.75 3.55 3.45 32.33 32.76 33.00 33.61 34.03 34.46 34.62 34.84 34.87 34.87 34.88 34.86 25.60 26.10 26.43 27.00 27.15 27.4! 27.51 27.61 27.69 27.73 27.75 27.75 Station 4496; May 28; latitude 44°46.5' N., longitude 48°31' W.; depth 2,030 meters, dynamic height 970.972 0.. 24 46 5.68 2.28 2.05 32.62 32.80 32.80 0 25-.., (50) 5.68 2.25 2.05 32.62 32.80 32.80 25.74 26.22 26.24 0 7.23 5.60 5.86 3.83 4.01 2.82 3.39 3.90 3.86 3.83 3.68 3.44 3.46 33.10 33.38 33.91 34.14 34.34 34.42 34.58 34.80 34.82 34.88 34,88 34.85 34.85 25 50 75 100 151 201 301 402 599 795 995 1,497 0 25 50 75 100 150 200 300 400 600 800,... 1,000 7.23 5.60 5.86 3.83 4.01 2.80 3.40 3.90 3.85 3.80 3 3.45 33.10 33.38 33.91 34.14 34,34 34,42 34,58 34.80 34.82 34.88 34 34.85 25.91 26,34 26,74 27,14 27,28 27.46 27.53 27.66 27.68 27.73 27.74 27.74 73 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIKD IN 1951— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Station 4497; May 28; latitude 44°38' N., longitude 47°53' W.; depth 3,347 meters, dynamic height 971.004 0 25 50 75 100... 150... 199..-. 299.... 404.... 602 799 999 1,500 6.26 3.93 5.31 2.99 0.69 1.73 2.64 4.30 4.39 4.04 3.78 3.61 3.45 32.50 32.92 33.61 33.57 33.90 34.16 34.44 34.82 34.90 34.91 34.90 34.90 34.90 0 25 50 75 100 ... 150 - 200... 300 . 400... 600... 800.... 1,000 6.26 3.93 5.31 2.99 0.69 1.73 2.65 4.30 4.40 4.05 3.75 3.60 32.50 32.92 33.61 33.57 33.90 34.16 34.45 34.82 34.90 34.91 34.90 34.90 25.57 26.16 26.56 26.77 27.20 27.34 27.50 27.63 27.68 27.73 27.75 27.77 Observed values Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity ^r^S, S£t.r SSS ™' ^'HT^S'^^J'S^^Zl^^^' "•"■ 0 4.55 2.62 0.24 0.15 0.74 1.43 1.63 2.49 2.80 3.74 3.72 3.55 3.48 32.82 32.88 33.29 33.68 33.89 34.18 34.29 34.54 34.60 34.83 34.88 34.87 34.86 0 4.55 2.62 0.24 0.15 0.70 1.45 1.60 2.50 3.40 3.70 3.60 3.45 32.82 32.88 33.29 33.67 33.88 34.18 34.29 34.54 34.74 34.87 34.88 34.86 26.02 25 25 50 26.25 50 26.73 76 75 27.05 101 100 27.18 150 150. 27.37 200 200.. 27.45 301 300. 27.58 326 400. 27.66 497 600.. 27.74 672 800 - 27.75 856 1,000 27.75 1,045 5.83 4.27 2.68 32.63 32.64 32.64 5.83 4.45 3.00 32.63 32.64 32.64 25.73 25.89 26.03 Station 4514; May 30; latitude 46°21.5' N., longitude 48° 34' W.; depth 89 meters, dynamic height 971.107 Station 4508; May 30; latitude 45°37' N., longitude 48°14' W.; depth 348 meters, dynamic height 971.034 0 24... 47... 71... 94.... 141. 3.54 2.56 0.42 -0.31 0.18 0.69 0.84 1.69 32.48 32.54 32.98 33.48 33.71 33.92 34.00 34.29 0. 25 50 75 100... 150.. 200... (300). 3.54 2.50 -0.40 -0.20 0.25 0.75 0.90 1.90 32.48 32.54 33.05 33.53 33.74 33.94 34.02 34.36 25.85 25.99 26.58 26.95 27.10 27.23 27.29 27.49 5.99 I 32.63 3.86 32.62 2.19 32.67 -0.27 I 32.97 0 5.99 3.86 2.25 -0.20 32.63 32.62 32.66 32.96 25 50 75 25.71 25.93 26.10 26.49 Station 4515; May 30; latitude 46°17.5' N., longitude 48°05' W.; depth 115 meters, dynamic height 971.101 0 4.77 2.96 0.34 -0.91 -0.77 32.46 32.50 32.72 33.08 33.18 0 4.77 2.96 0.34 -0.90 -0.80 32.46 32.50 32.72 33.07 33.18 25.71 25 25 25.91 50 50 26.27 76 75 26.52 101 100 26.62 Station 4516; May 30; latitude 46°15.5' N., longitude 47°47' W.; depth 169 meters, dynamic height 971.090 0 .... 25... 50... 75... 101.. 151.. 3.65 2.86 -0.03 -1.19 -0.71 0.01 32.42 32.46 32.81 32.99 33.28 33.53 0 25... 50... 75..-. 100.. 150.. 3.65 2.86 -0.03 -1.19 -0.70 0.00 32.42 32.46 32.81 32.99 33.28 33.52 25.79 25.90 26.37 26.55 26.77 26.94 75 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1951— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. SaliD- ity Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Station 4517; May 30; latitude 46°11' N., longitude 47°1 W.; depth 622 meters, dynamic height 970.989 0 25.. 50.. 75... 100. 150. 200. 300. 396. 593. 3.83 2.61 0.16 0.07 0.60 1.04 1.71 2.85 3.55 3.66 32.77 32.87 33.35 33.63 33.83 34.06 34.45 34.59 34.76 34.84 0... 25.. 50.. 75.. 100 150 200 300. 400. 600. 3.83 2.61 0.16 0.07 0.60 1.04 1.71 2.85 3.55 3.65 32.77 32.87 35.35 33.63 33.83 34.06 34.45 34.59 34.76 34.84 26.05 26.24 26.78 27.01 27.14 27.31 27.57 27.59 27.66 27.71 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Sahn- ity Station 4521; May 31; latitude 46°04.5' N., longitude 45°13' V\ .; depth 3,109 meters, dynamic height 970.986 Station 4518; May 31; latitude 46°10' N., longitude 47°00' W.; depth 1,307 meters, dynamic height 970.942 0 25 50 76 101 151 202 303 301 500.._.. 699 899 1,192... 3.88 1.65 1.25 1.82 1.64 2.22 2.45 2.99 2.97 3.60 3.66 3.47 3.34 32.90 32.98 33.58 34.06 34.21 34.45 34.52 34.68 34.66 34.83 34.87 34.87 34.87 0 25 50 75 100.... 150.... 200.... 300..., 400.... 600.... 800.... 1,000 3.88 1.65 1.21 1.85 1.65 2.20 2.40 2.95 3.40 3.65 3.55 3.40 32.90 32.98 33.58 34.05 34.21 34.45 34.52 34.67 34.77 34.86 34.87 34.87 26.15 26.40 26.90 27.24 27.39 27.54 27.58 27.65 27.69 27.73 27.75 27.77 Station 4519; May 31; latitude 46°08' N., longitude 46°24' W.; depth 512 meters, dynamic height 970.964 0... 25.. 50. 75.., 100 150. 199, 299, 392 490, 4.48 32.76 4.31 32.76 1.59 33.43 0.88 34.02 1.89 34.23 3.90 34.58 4.27 34.74 4.21 34.83 4.24 34.89 3.98 34.88 0..,. 25.. 50.. 75... 100, 150. 200, 300, 400, 4.48 4.31 1.59 0.88 1.89 3.90 4.25 4.20 4.20 32.76 32. 76 33.43 34.02 34.23 34,58 34,74 34,83 34.89 0 25 51 76 101.... 152... 203... 304... 393.... 586... 780.... 977.... 1.473 7.74 6.22 1.97 5.12 7.42 6.63 6.26 5.32 4.96 3.68 3.65 3.44 3.34 33.08 33.63 33.63 34.25 34.79 34.82 34.90 34.96 34.96 34.85 34.87 34.86 34.88 0 25 50 75 100.... 150... 200 300... 400... 600 800 1, 000. 7.74 6.22 2.00 4.90 7.40 6.65 6.25 5.35 4.85 3.65 3.60 3.40 33.08 33.63 33.63 34.24 34.78 34.82 34.90 34.96 34.96 34.85 34.87 34.86 25.83 26.46 26.90 27.10 27.21 27.35 27.46 27.62 27.68 27.72 27.75 27.76 Station 4522; May 31; latitude 46°0r N., longitude 44°38' W.; depth 3,658 meters, dynamic height 970.984 0 25 50 76 101.... 151,.., 202,,,. 303.... 404.... 603... 801 1, 002 1, 502 8.42 7.99 5.28 2.71 4.53 4.40 4.11 4.34 4.26 3.67 3.52 3.44 3.33 33.61 33.87 33.74 33.78 34.30 34.51 34.64 34.84 34.86 34.87 34.85 34.82 34.85 0 _. 25 50 75 100.... 150... 200.... 300... 400.... 600 800 1, 000. 8,42 7.99 5.28 2.70 4.55 4.40 4.10 4.35 4.20 3.65 3.50 3.40 33.61 33.87 33.74 33.78 34.28 34.51 34.64 34.84 34.86 34.87 34.85 34.84 26.15 26.41 26.66 26.95 27.17 27.38 27.51 27.64 27.68 27.74 27.74 27.74 25.97 26.00 26.76 27.29 27.38 27.48 27.57 27.65 27.70 Station 4523; May 31; latitude 46°20' N., longitude 44°46' VV .; depth 2,286 meters, dynamic height 970.923 Station 4520; May 31; latitude 46°06' N., longitude 45°44' W.; depth 1,866 meters, dynamic height 971.005 0 25 SO 76 101.... 151... 202.... 303.... 403.... 601 800 1, 000 1,500 6.55 6.41 7.41 3.40 1.94 4.53 4.14 3.85 4.06 3.93 3.55 3.50 3.38 33.04 33.36 33.92 33.82 33.86 34.50 34.57 34.77 34.85 34.87 34.86 34.87 34.89 0 25 50 75 100... 150,,.. 200,,.. 300,,, 400„„ 600,,, 800 1, 000 6.55 6.41 7.41 3.50 1.95 4.55 4.15 3.85 4.05 3.90 3.55 3.50 33.04 33.36 33.92 33.82 33.86 34.50 34.57 34.77 34.85 34.87 34.86 34.87 25.96 26.23 26.53 26.92 27.08 27.35 27.45 27.64 27.68 27.72 27.74 27.76 0 _ 25.. 7.52 5 09 50 4 38 75 3 37 101. 3 21 151.... 3 53 201 3 96 302 3.56 393... 3 69 586 3 52 779 3.45 976... 3 50 1,470 3.37 33.86 33.93 34.02 34.24 34.32 34.60 34.78 34.82 34.84 34.84 34.84 34.85 34.84 0 25... 50... 75,.,, 100,, 150,, 200,, 300,, 400,, 600,, 1, 000,. 7.52 5 4.38 3.37 3.25 3.50 3.95 3.55 3.65 3.50 3.45 3.45 33.86 33.93 34.02 34.24 34.32 34.60 34.78 34.82 34.84 34.84 34.84 34.85 26.47 26.84 26.99 27.26 27.34 27.54 27.63 27.71 27.71 27.73 27.73 27.74 Station 4524; May 31; latitude 46°28' N., longitude 44°52' W.; depth 593 meters, dynamic height 970.946 0... 24.. 47.. 71.. 94.. 141 188. 282, 344. 483. 7.30 6.56 5.19 4.02 3.40 2.93 3.56 3.67 3.67 3.65 33.92 33.87 33.96 34.04 34.22 34.47 34.66 34.78 34.78 34.80 0... 25.. 50,. 75„ 100 150 200, 300, 400, 7.30 6.55 5.05 3.90 3.30 3.00 3.60 3.65 3.65 33.92 33,87 33,97 34,06 34,26 34,51 34.69 34.78 34.79 26.55 26.61 26.88 27.07 27.29 27.52 27.60 27.66 27.67 76 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1951— Continued Observed values Scaled values Tem- SaUn- Tem- Sahn- Depth, pera- ity Depth, pera- ity (Tl meters ture °C. %o meters ture °C. %o Station 4525; June 1; latitude 46°35' N., longitude 44°56' W.; depth 216 meters, dynamic height 970.957 0 7.89 6.49 4.61 4.27 3.95 2.97 3.27 33.89 33.90 33.94 34.03 34.23 34.42 34.60 0 7.89 33.89 6.55 33.90 4.65 33.94 4.30 34.02 4.00 34.21 3.00 34.40 3.25 34.62 26.43 26 25 26.63 51 50 26.89 77 75 27.00 103 100 27.18 154 150 27.43 195 200 27.58 Station 4526; June 1; latitude 46"=43.5' N., longitude 45°00' W.; depth 169 meters, dynamic height 970.966 0 8.48 7.61 6.11 4.82 3.15 3.34 33.91 33.90 33.96 34.04 34.22 34.44 0 25 50 8.48 7.61 6.15 4.90 3.15 3.30 33.91 33.90 33.96 34.03 34.21 34.43 26.36 25 26.48 51 26.73 76 75 26.94 102 100_ 27.26 153 150 27.42 Station 4527; June 1; latitude 46°52' N., longitude 45°04' W.; depth 170 meters, dynamic height 970.985 0 8.25 8.01 7.03 6.65 4.52 3.35 33.89 33.90 33.93 33.94 34.02 34.34 0 8.25 8.01 7.00 6.60 4.35 3.35 33.89 33.90 33.93 33.94 34.03 34.36 26.38 25 25 26.43 49 50 26.59 74 75 26.66 98 100 26.99 147 150 27.36 Station 4528; June 1; latitude 46°52.5' N., longitude 45°13' W.; depth 201 meters, dynamic height 970.984 0 8.33 8.03 6.85 5.53 4.60 3.47 3.27 33.88 33.90 33.92 33.92 34.06 34.32 34.50 0 8.33 8.00 6.80 5.45 4.55 3.45 3.25 33.88 33.90 33.92 33.93 34.07 34.34 34.55 26.36 24 25 26.43 49 50 26.62 73 75 26.80 98 100 27.01 147 150 27.33 186 (200) 27.52 Station 4529; June 1; latitude 46°53' N., longitude 45°20' W.; depth 220 meters, dynamic height 970.967 0 8.36 7.04 6.90 0.46 4.05 3.25 3.41 33.86 33.91 33.97 34.09 34.10 34.43 34.60 0 8.36 7.04 6.90 6.46 4.05 3.25 3.40 33.86 33.91 33.97 34.09 34.10 34.43 34.60 26.35 25 25 26.57 50 50 26.64 75 75 26.79 100 100 27.09 149 150 27.42 199 200 27.55 Observed values Scaled values Station 4531; June 1; latitude 46°56' N., longitude 46°07' W.; depth 320 meters, dynamic height 970.967 Station 4530; June 1; latitude 46°54.5' N., longitude 45°46' W.; depth 276 meters, dynamic height 970.974 0 7.96 8.01 7.19 7.09 5.71 4.11 2.59 3.81 33.77 33.81 34.00 34.04 34.08 34.24 34.31 34.67 0 7.96 7.80 7.15 6.00 4.85 2.70 3.75 33.77 33.84 34.02 34.07 34.17 34.29 34.64 20 25 39 50 59 75 79 100 118 150 157 200 205 0 7.90 7.91 7.22 5.98 3.82 3.30 3.91 3.84 33.84 33.84 33.96 34.15 34.16 34.43 34.68 34.84 0 7.90 7.90 7.25 6.15 4.00 3.30 3.90 3.85 33.84 33.84 33.95 34.14 34.16 34.41 34.66 34.84 26 25 51 50 77 75 102 100 153 150 204 200 306 300 26.39 26.39 26.56 26.87 27.14 27.41 27.55 27.69 Station 4532; June 1; latitude 46°55' N., longitude 46°34' W.; depth 622 meters, dynamic height 970.924 26.33 26.41 26.65 26.84 27.06 27.36 27.54 0 25.. 48... 73... 97... 146. 194. 291. 294. 482. 5.51 5.92 2.80 1.89 2.10 3.01 3.43 4.05 4.13 3.67 33.18 33.68 33.92 34.11 34.29 34.51 34.66 34.86 34.86 34.86 0 25...- 50... 75... 100.. 150.. 200.. 300.. 400.. (600) 5.51 5.92 2.50 1.90 2.15 33.18 33.68 33.93 34.13 34.30 34.52 34.68 34.86 34.86 26.20 26.54 27.09 27.30 27.42 27.52 27.60 27.69 27.72 27.74 Station 4533; June 1; latitude 46°53' N., longitude 47°00' W.; depth 1,170 meters, dynamic height 970.994 0 3.44 2.53 2.72 2.94 3.04 3.19 3.38 3.53 3.50 3.56 3.46 3.34 32.95 34.33 34.56 34.66 34.70 34.72 34.77 34.80 34.83 34.86 34.86 34.87 0 3.44 32.95 25 25 2.53 2.72 2.95 3.05 3.20 3.35 3.50 3.45 3.50 3.50 3.40 34.33 34.56 34.66 34.70 34.72 34.77 34.80 34.82 34.85 34.86 34.86 50 50 76 75 101 100 151 150 202 200 303 300 460 400 684 600 910 800 1,139 1,000 26.23 27.41 27.58 27.64 27.66 27.67 27.69 27.70 27.72 27.74 27.75 27.76 Station 4534; June 1; latitude 46°52.5' N., longitude 47°15' W.; depth 622 meters, dynamic height 970.994 0 3.92 2.36 -0.25 -0.13 0.45 1.20 1.89 2.74 3.00 3.62 32.70 32.84 33.22 33.58 33.82 34.13 34.37 34.61 34.68 34.82 0 3.92 2.36 -0.25 -0.13 0.45 1.20 1.85 2.70 3.20 3.65 32.70 32.84 33.22 33.58 33.82 34.13 34.37 34.61 34.72 34.84 25.99 25 25 26.24 50 50 26.70 75 75 26.99 100 100 27.15 150 150 27.35 201 200 27.50 301 300 27.62 354 400 27.67 550 600 27.71 Station 4535; June 1; latitude 46°52' N., longitude 47''21' W.; depth 309 meters, dynamic height 971.027 0 3.81 2.26 -0.14 -0.79 0.15 1.03 1.60 1.85 32.49 32.78 33.12 33.37 33.66 34.07 34.30 34.35 0 3.81 2.26 -0.14 -0.79 0.15 1.03 1.60 1.85 32.49 32.78 33.12 33.37 33.66 34.07 34.30 34.35 25 25 50 50 75 75 100 100 150 150 201 200 301 300 25.83 26.70 26.62 26.84 27.04 27.32 27.46 27.48 77 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1951— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Station 4536; June 1; latitude 46°51' N., longitude 47°39' VV.; depth 169 meters, dynamic height 971.052 0 4.01 2.30 -1.20 -1.24 -0.76 0.57 32.51 32.57 32.97 33.17 33.32 33.86 0 4.01 2.30 -1.25 -1.25 -0.75 0.60 32.51 32.57 32.98 33.18 33.34 33.88 25 83 25 25 26 03 49 50 26 54 74 75 26 70 99 100 150 26 82 148 27.18 Station 4537; June 1; latitude 46°50' N., longitude 48°11' W.; depth 117 meters, dynamic height 971.085 0 4.97 4.52 1.99 -0.81 -0.76 32.55 32.53 32.65 32.90 33.14 0 25 50 4.97 4.52 1.99 -O.SO -0.75 32.55 32.53 32.65 32.90 33.13 25 76 25 25 80 50 26 12 76 101 75 100 26.46 26 65 Station 4538; June 2; latitude 46°48' N., longitude 48°43' W.; depth 95 meters, dynamic height 971.082 0.. 24 49 83 5.16 4.97 2.06 -0.04 32.61 32.61 32.66 32.98 0.., 25 50. 75. 5.16 4.95 2.00 0.45 32.61 32.61 32.66 32.90 25.79 25.82 26.12 26.41 Station 4539; June 2; latitude 46°57' N., longitude 48°04' W.; depth 132 meters, dynamic height 971.077 0.... 24.. 49.. 73.. 98.. 117. 4.44 3.82 1.87 0.94 -0.88 -0.75 32.47 32.48 32.49 33.02 33.16 33.22 0.... 25.. 50.. 75... 100. 4.44 3.80 1.75 -0.95 -0.85 32.47 32.48 32.49 33.04 33.16 25.75 25.83 26.00 26.58 26.67 Station 4540; June 2; latitude 47°00.5' N., longitude 47°48' W.; depth 169 meters, dynamic height 971.058 0 26.. 52.. 79... 105. 157. 4.06 1.65 -0.82 -1.30 -1.11 0.47 32.43 32.55 32.87 33.09 33.24 33.81 0.... 25.. 50.. 75.. 100. 150. 4.06 1.80 -0.65 -1.30 -1.15 0.25 32.43 32.54 32.84 33.06 33.21 33.74 25.76 26.04 26.42 26.61 26.73 27.10 Station 4541; June 2; latitude 47°04' N., longitude 47°34' W.; depth 220 meters, dynamic height 971.027 0.... 23.. 46.. 69.. 93.. 139 185 3.92 1.91 -0,84 -1.09 -0.43 0.44 1.03 32.39 32.61 32.96 33.19 33.38 33.80 34.09 0 3.92 1.60 -0.95 -1.00 -0.30 0.60 1.20 32.39 32.65 33.02 33.24 33.45 33.86 34.18 25 50 75 100 150.. (200) 25.75 26.14 26.57 26.75 26.89 27.17 27.39 Station 4542; June 2; latitude 47°10' N., longitude 47°18' W.; depth 320 meters, dynamic height 970.981 0.... 24.. 48.. 71.. 95.. 143 191 286 4.07 1.67 0.03 -0.19 0.45 1.11 1.71 2.68 32.48 33.02 33.10 33.55 33.84 34.13 34.32 34.60 0 25.. 50... 75... 100. 150. 200. 300. 4.07 32.48 1.35 33.03 -0.05 33.13 -0.15 0.55 1.20 1.80 2.80 33.60 33.87 34.16 34.35 34.63 25.80 26.46 26.62 27.01 27.19 27.38 27.49 27.62 Observed values Scaled values Tem- SaUn- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity Depth, pera- ity meters ture °C. %o meters ture °C. %o Station 4543; June 2; latitude 47°18' N., longitude 47°04' W.; depth 1,005 meters, dynamic height 970.935 0.... 25.. 50.. 75.. 100 150 199. 299. 389. 583. 777. 3.63 3.01 2.00 0.24 1.14 2.05 2.40 3.15 3.55 3.70 3.51 3.43 32.97 33.18 33.75 33.84 34.08 34.40 34.52 34.72 34.81 34.88 34.87 34.87 0 25 50 75 100 150 200 300 400 600.... 800...... (1,000) 3.63 3.01 2.00 0.24 1.14 2.05 2.40 3.15 3.50 3.70 3.45 3.35 32.97 33.18 33.75 33.84 34.08 34.40 34.52 34.72 34.81 34.88 34.87 34.87 26.23 26.46 26.99 27.18 27.31 27.51 27.58 27.67 27.71 27.74 27.76 27.77 Station 4544; June 2; latitude 47°15' N,, longitude 46°32' W.; depth 842 meters, dynamic height 970.918 0.... 24.. 49.. 73.. 97.. 146 195 292. 383. 576. 770. 4.77 3.18 3.78 2.98 1.83 2.32 2.85 3.52 3.67 3.68 3.51 33.21 33.22 34.02 34.27 34.32 34.49 34.61 34.77 34.83 34.87 34.87 0 25.. 50... 75.. 100. 150. 200. 300. 400. 600. 4.77 3.20 3.80 2.85 1.85 2.35 2.85 3.55 3.65 3.65 3.45 33.21 33.24 34.05 34.27 34.33 34.50 34.62 34.78 34.84 34.87 34.87 26.31 26.49 27.07 27.34 27.46 27.56 27.62 27.07 27.71 27.74 27.76 Station 4545; June 2; latitude 47°1S' N., longitude 45°57' W,; depth 318 meters, dynamic height 970.949 0... 25.. 51.. 76.. 102 151 202 304 7.28 6.75 6.84 3.07 3.38 3.07 3.77 3.90 33.62 33.68 34.02 34.04 34.24 34.46 34.66 34.83 0 25.. 50.. 75... 100 150. 200. 300. 7.28 6.75 6.85 3.10 3.35 3.10 3.75 3.90 35.62 33.68 34.01 34.04 34.23 34.46 34.66 34.83 26.32 26.43 26.68 27.13 27.25 27.47 27.56 27.68 Station 4546; June 2; latitude 47°19' N., longitude 45°35' W.; depth 261 meters, dynamic height 970.957 0.... 25.. 50.. 74.. 99-. 149 198. 248, 6.42 6.24 6.33 6.32 1.99 2.66 4.06 4.11 33.28 33.53 33.85 33.90 34.13 34.41 34.73 34.78 0 6.42 33.28 8.24 33.53 6.331 33.85 6.30* 33 90 25 50 75 100 2.00 2.70 4.10 34.14 34.50 34.73 150... . 200 26.17 26.38 28.62 26.67 27.30 27.53 27.58 Station 4547; June 2; latitude 47°21' N., longitude 45°19' W.; depth 220 meters, dynamic height 970.980 0.... 25.. 50.. 76... 101 152 202 6.55 6.62 5.41 3.84 2.80 3.63 3.83 33.41 33.66 33.74 34.10 34.21 34.46 34,61 0 6.55 6.62 5.41 3.85 2.80 3.60 3.85 33.41 33.66 33.74 34.10 34.21 34.45 34.60 25 50 75 100 150 200 26.25 26.43 26.65 27.11 27.30 27.41 27.50 78 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1951— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Station 4548; June 2; latitude 47°23' N., longitude 45°00' W.; depth 183 meters, dynamic height 970.953 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Sahn- ity Scaled values Depth, meters pera- ture °C. Sahn- ity 0 8.08 7.22 6.15 5.02 3.89 3.65 33.87 33.90 33.86 34.05 34.21 34.53 0 8.08 7.20 6.05 4.85 3.85 3.70 33.87 33.90 33.86 34.08 34.24 34.48 26.39 24 25 26.54 48 50 26.67 72 75 26.96 95 100 27.22 162 150 27.42 Station 4549; June 3; latitude 47°28' N., longitude 45°11' W.; depth 220 meters, dynamic height 970.956 0.... 25... 50.. 75.. 100 148 198 7.52 7.30 6.21 4.60 3.80 3.91 3.81 33.80 33.80 33.94 33.95 34.14 34.52 34.64 0 25... 50... 75.- 100 150 200 7.52 7.30 6.21 4.60 3.80 3.90 3.80 33.80 33.80 33.94 33.95 34.14 34.52 34.64 26.42 26.45 26.71 26.91 27.14 27.44 27.54 Station 4553; June 3; latitude 47°58.5' N., longitude 46°23' W.; depth 1,188 meters, dynamic height 970.915 0 4.51 4.58 4.10 3.56 2.76 2.87 3.20 3.77 3.83 3.52 3.46 3.35 33.32 33.57 0 4.51 4.58 4.10 3.55 2.75 2.85 3.20 3.80 3.85 3.50 3.45 3.35 33.32 33.57 33.90 34.22 34.39 34.56 34.69 34.84 34.87 34.86 34.86 34.86 26.41 25 25 26.41 50 50 26.92 76 34.23 34.40 34.56 34.69 34.84 34.87 34.86 34.86 34.86 75 27.23 101 100 27.44 151 150 27.57 201 200 27.64 302 300 27.70 402 400 27.72 604 600 27.75 806 800 27.75 1,011 1,000 27.76 Station 4554; June 4; latitude 47°45.5' N., longitude 47°14' W.; depth 400 meters, dynamic height 970.989 Station 4550; June 3: latitude 47°45' N., longitude 45°42' W.; depth 320 meters, dynamic height 970.940 0 6.37 5.53 5.68 3.81 2.50 2.27 2.22 4.17 33.17 33.44 33.66 33.84 34.10 34.29 34.42 34.82 0 6.37 5.55 5.00 2.60 2.40 2.25 3.60 4.05 33.17 33.50 33.74 34.04 34.21 34.38 34.63 34.86 26.08 20 25 26.36 40 50 27.09 61 75. 100 27.33 81 27.41 121 150 27.54 161 200 27.62 242 (300) 27.69 0 2.42 2.42 1.21 -0.17 0.44 1.10 1.61 2.62 3.19 32.79 32.79 33.10 33.45 33.83 34.09 34.30 34.56 34.70 0 2.42 2.40 1.05 -0.20 0.50 1.15 1.70 2.75 3.40 32.79 32.79 33.14 33.51 33.85 34.12 34.33 34.58 34.76 26.20 24 25 26.20 48 50 26.58 72 75 26.94 96 100 27.17 144 150 27.35 192 200 27.47 288 300 27.59 360 (400) 27.68 Station 4555; June 4; latitude 47°45' N., longitude 47°34' W.; depth 320 meters, dynamic height 971.037 Station 4551; June 3; latitude 47°50' N., longitude 45°51' W.; depth 430 meters, dynamic height 970.920 0 5.64 3.76 1.96 1.29 2.03 3.11 3.23 3.90 3.81 33.06 33.17 33.90 34.11 34.28 34.56 34.67 34.86 34.86 0 5.64 3.85 2.05 1.30 2.00 3.10 3.20 3.90 3.75 33.06 26.08 26 25 33.17 26.36 51 50 33.88 34.11 34.27 34.55 34.66 34.85 34.86 27.09 76 75 27.33 101 100 27.41 153 150 27.54 204 200 27.62 305 300 27.70 410 400 27.72 Station 4562; June 3; latitude 47°57' N., longitude 46°10' W.; depth 1,051 meters, dynamic height 970.892 0 25 50 76.- 101.. 150.. 200.. 301.. 399. 596.. 792.. 1,00 5.07 3.92 3.98 2.68 2.71 2.94 3.49 3.73 3.56 3.54 3.48 3.34 33.24 33.81 34.20 34.34 34.46 34.60 34.76 34.85 34.83 34.86 34.87 34.87 0 25 50 75 100...... 150 200 300 400 600 800. 1, 000.. 5.07 3.92 3.98 2.70 2.70 2.95 3 33.24 33.81 34.20 34.34 34.46 34.60 34.76 34.85 34.83 34.86 34.87 34.87 26.29 26.86 27.17 27.40 27.50 27.59 27.67 27.71 27.72 27.75 27.76 27.77 0 3.97 2.96 0.24 -0.87 -0.28 0.60 1.05 2.18 32.48 32.48 32.99 33.32 33.48 33.82 34.06 34.44 0 3.97 2.90 0.20 -0.85 -0.70 0.65 1.10 2.30 32.48 32.48 33.01 33.32 33.50 33.84 34.08 34.47 25.81 24 25 25.91 49 50 26.52 73 75 26.80 97 100 26.95 145 150 27.15 194 200 27.32 291 300 27.55 Station 4556; June 4; latitude 47°38' N., longitude 48°12' W.; depth 220 meters, dynamic height 971.093 0 2.84 2.82 2.43 -1.27 -1.29 -0.03 0.78 32.40 32.40 32.43 33.02 33.16 33.61 33.95 0 2.85 2.85 2.50 -1.15 -1.30 -0.25 0.65 32.40 32.40 32.42 32.93 33.13 33.53 33.87 25.85 27 25 25.85 52 50 25.89 79 75 26.50 105 100 26.66 158 150 26.95 210 200 27.18 Station 4557; June 4; latitude 47°32' N., longitude W.; depth 169 meters, dynamic height 971.082 48°30 0 25.. 49.., 74.. 98-. 147 3.30 3.25 1.94 -0.40 -1.32 0.19 32.38 32.40 32.71 32.94 33.14 33.69 0 25... 50... 75... 100. 150 3.30 3.25 1.90 -0.40 -1.30 0.25 32.38 32.40 32.72 32.94 33.15 33.72 25.79 25.82 26.17 26.49 26.68 27.09 79 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1951— Continued Station 4558; June 4; latitude 47°23' N., longitude 48°54' W.; depth 135 meters, dynamic height 971.077 0... 24.. 48.. 73.. 97.. 121 3.72 3.66 0.74 -1.27 -0.88 -0.69 32.44 32.45 32.66 32.99 33.17 33.24 0 25.. 50... 75... 100. 3.72 3.65 0.50 -1.25 -0.85 32.44 32.45 32.68 33.01 33.18 25.81 25.82 26.24 26.57 26.69 Station 4559; June 4; latitude 47°13' N., longitude 49°18' W.; depth 86 meters, dynamic height 971.082 Station 4563; July 14; latitude 49=^28' N., longitude 50°31' ^V.; depth 320 meter.s, dynamic height 971.031 9.67 2.38 -0.60 -1.31 -1.10 0.05 0.99 2.88 32.68 32.84 33.01 33.17 33.34 33.72 34.02 34.66 0 25.... 50... 75.... 100.. 150.. 200.. 300.. 9.67 1.75 -0.80 -1.30 -1.00 0.20 1.30 3.20 32.68 32.85 .33.03 33.20 33.38 33.78 34.11 34.78 25.22 26.30 26.57 26.72 26.86 27.13 27.33 27.71 0.. 26. 51. 77. 3.70 3.70 1.65 -0.82 32.42 32.44 32.57 33.10 0.. 25. 50 75. 3.70 3.70 1.85 -0.65 32.42 32.44 32.56 33.05 25.79 25.81 26.. 05 26.58 Station 4560; July 14; latitude 50°01.5' N., longitude 48°58' W.; depth 1,866 meters, dynamic height 970.857 Station 4564; July 15; latitude 49°17' N., longitude 51°00' W.; depth 331 meters, dynamic height 971.027 0 22 43 65 S6 129.... 172.... 258.... 314.... 467.... 620.... 798.... 1,283 3.41 3.40 3.40 3.39 3.33 3.27 33.22 34.22 34.32 34.54 34.02 34.74 34.78 34.82 34.84 34.84 34.85 34.86 34.87 0 25 50 75 100 150 200. 300 400 600 800 1,000.. 8.05 3.75 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.30 3.35 3.40 3.40 3.35 3.30 3.30 33.22 34.24 34.39 34.58 34.67 34.76 34.79 34.84 34.84 34.85 34.86 34.86 25.89 27.23 27.43 27.57 27.64 27.69 27.70 27.74 27.74 27.7.5 27.77 27.77 Station 4561; July 14; latitude 49°47' N., longitude 49°29' W.; depth 1,307 meters, dynamic height 970.872 0.... 24.. 50.. 74.. 100 149. 198. 298. 9.67 3.60 1.50 -0.69 -0.43 0.81 1.34 2.84 32.67 32.88 32.94 33.33 33.59 33.91 34.19 34.64 0.... 25.. 50.. 75.. 100. 150. 200. 300. 9.67 3.50 1.50 -0.70 -0.45 o.so, 32.67 32.88 32.94 33.34 33.59 33.92 1.35 34.20 2.85 34.65 25.21 26.17 26.38 26.82 27.01 27.21 27.40 27.64 fetation 4565; July 15; latitude 49°07' N., longitude 51°31' W.; depth 304 meters, dynamic height 971.075 0.... 25.. 49. 74.. 99.. 148. 197. 286. 10.37 2.90 0.44 -0.45 -1.06 -0.10 0.84 2.00 33.12 32.62 32.74 33.08 33.19 33.68 33.94 34.40 0 25... 50.... 75.... 100.. 150.. 200.. (300) 10.37 2.90 0.45 -0.45 -1.05 -0.10 0.85 2.20 32.12 32.62 32.75 33.03 33.21 33.70 33.90 34.47 24.67 26.02 26.30 26. to 26.73 27.08 27.24 27.56 Station 4566; July 15; latitude 49°02' N., longitude 51°51' W.; depth 311 meters, dynamic height 971.084 0 26 52 78 104 155 207 311 411 616 821 1, 027.. 1, 250. 8.04 32.87 2.25 34.13 1.91 34.33 2.77 34.51 3.01 34.62 3.27 34.74 3.40 34.80 3.43 34.83 3.43 34.84 3.43 34.84 3.40 34.86 3.36 34.86 3.29 34.86 0 25 50 75 100... 150... 200... 300 400.... 600... 800.... 1,000. 8.04 32.87 2.50 34.08 1.90 34.32 2.65 34.49 3.00 34.61 3.25 34.73 3.40 34.79 3.45 34.83 3.45 34.84 3.40 34.84 3.40 34.86 3.35 34.86 25.62 27.21 27.46 27.53 27.60 27.66 27.70 27.72 27.73 27.74 27.76 27.76 Station 4562; July 14; latitude 49°37' N., longitude 50°01' W.; depth 622 meters, dynamic height 970.968 0... 24.. 49.. 73.. 97.. 146 194 291 376 564 8.49 0.25 -0.55 -0.15 0.42 1.70 2.39 3.20 3.26 3.44 32.70 33.00 33.44 33.68 33.87 34.25 34.47 34.71 34.76 34.83 0 25... 50... 75... 100.. 150.. 200.. 300.. 400.. (600) 8.49 0.20 -0.55 -0.10 0.45 1.75 2.45 3.25 3.30 3.45 32.70 33.02 33.46 33.70 33.89 34.27 34.49 34.72 34.77 34.83 25.41 26.52 28.91 27.08 27.20 27.43 27.54 27.66 27.70 27.72 0.... 23.. 46.. 69.. 91.. 137. 182. 273. 10.51 2.43 -1.03 -1.55 -1.48 -1.01 -0.23 1.46 32.17 32.69 32.85 33.02 33.14 33.39 33.67 34.18 0 25... 50.... 75... 100.. 150.. 200.. (300) 10.51 1.75 -1.20 -1.55 -1.40 -0.85 0.15 1.90 32.17 32.70 32.88 33.06 33.20 33.47 33.77 34.32 24.68 26.17 26.46 26.62 26.73 23.93 27.13 27.46 Station 4567; July 15; latitude 48°58' N., longitude 52°04' W.; depth 293 meters, dynamic height 971.092 0.... 23.. 46.. 69.. 92.. 138 184. 258. 10.07 3.49 -0.63 -1.58 -1..53 -1.23 -0.21 1.27 33.16 32.58 32.79 33.01 33.13 33.32 33.66 34.12 0.... 25.. 50.. 75.. 100 150 200. 10.07 3". 15 -1.00 -1.60 -1.50 -1.05 0.15 32.16 32.60 32.83 33.04 33.16 33.40 33.77 24.75 25.99 26.41 26.60 26.69 26.88 27.13 Station 4568; July 15; latitude 48°53' N., longitude 52°24' W.; depth 344 meters, dynamic height 971.096 0.... 25.. 49.. 74.. 99.. 148. 197. 296 9.90 1.79 -1.28 -1.52 -1.46 -0.19 -0.19 1.83 32.14 .32.64 32.84 33.00 33.11 33.36 33.64 34.35 0.... 25.. 50.. 75.. 100. 150. 200. 300. 9.90 1.79 -1.30 -1.50 -1.45 -0.90 -0.15 1.90 32.14 32.64 32.85 33.01 33.11 33.36 33.66 34.37 24.76 26.12 26.44 26.58 26.65 26.84 27.06 27.50 80 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1951— Continued Observed values Scaled values Tem- SaUn- Tem- SaUn- Depth, pera- ity Depth, pera- ity meters tiire °C. %o meters ture °C. %o Station 4569; July 15; latitude 48°48' N., longitude 52°39' W.; depth 220 meters, dynamic height 971.111 0 11.33 1.43 -0.61 -1.56 -1.85 -1.12 -0.22 31.50 32.52 32.81 33.00 33.10 33.36 33.58 0 11.33 1.25 -1.00 -1.55 -1.50 -0.95 0.25 31.50 32.55 32.85 33.03 33.13 33.42 33.64 24.02 23 25 26.08 46 69 50 _... 75 26.43 26.59 93 100 26.67 139 150 26.90 185 (200) 27.02 Station 4570; July 15; latitude 48°46' N., longitude 52°44' W.; depth 157 meters, dynamic height 971.195 0 11.94 2.08 -0.70 -1.37 -1.58 -1.42 31.56 32.51 32.74 32.90 33.00 33.14 0 11.94 1.80 -0.75 -1.40 -1.60 -1.30 31.56 32.54 32.77 32.91 33.02 33.17 23.96 24 25 26.04 48 50 26.36 72 75 26.49 96 139 100 150 26.59 26.70 Station 4571; July 15; latitude 48°44' N., longitude 52°58' W.; depth 98 meters, dynamic height 971.147 0 12.35 1.71 -0.68 -1.26 31.27 32.40 32.62 32.76 0 12.35 1.71 -0.65 -1.15 31.27 32.40 32.62 32.72 23.66 25 25 25.94 51 50 26.24 86 75 26.33 Station 4572; July 15; latitude 48°48' N., longitude 52°45' W.; depth 174 meters; dynamic height 971.143 0 12.79 -0.04 -1.10 -1.27 -1.22 -1.41 31.26 32.42 32.62 32.77 32.84 33.03 0 12.79 -0.04 -1.10 -1.27 -1.22 -1.41 31.26 32.42 32. 62 32.77 32.84 33.03 25 25 50 50 75 75 100 100 150 150 23.56 26-06 26.26 26.38 26.43 26.59 Station 4573; July 15; latitude 48°34' N., longitude 52°36' W.; depth 263 meters, dynamic height 971.129 0 12.26 0.88 -0.36 -1.32 -1.53 -1.37 -0.77 0.39 31.52 32.54 32.73 32.85 32.96 33.14 33.41 33.80 0 12.26 0.88 -0.36 -1.35 -1.55 -1.35 -0.75 31.52 32.54 32.73 32.85 32.96 33.04 33.42 23.67 25 25 26.10 50 50 26.31 74 75 26.44 99 100 26.54 149 150 26.60 198 200 26.89 248 Station 4574; July 15; latitude 48°21.5' N., longitude 52°11' W.; depth 185 meters, dynamic height 971.115 0 11.36 1.68 -1.16 -1.39 -1.47 -0.95 31.48 32.47 32.72 32.89 32.98 32.25 0 11.36 1.68 -1.16 -1.39 -1.45 -1.00 31.48 32.47 32.72 32.89 32.97 33.24 25 25 50 50 75 75 101 100 151 150 24.00 25.99 26.33 26.47 26.54 26.75 Station 4575; July 15; latitude 4S°14' N., longitude 51°52' W.; depth 183 meters, dynamic height 971.117 0 25... 50... 75... 100. 150. 11.53 -0.03 -1.28 -1.45 -1.56 -1.31 31.46 32.43 32.70 32.87 32.97 33.18 0 25... 50... 75... 100 150 11.53 -0.03 -1.28 -1.45 -1.56 -1.31 31.46 32.43 32.70 32.87 32.97 33.18 23.95 26.06 26.32 26.46 26.55 26.70 Observed values Scaled values Tem- Sahn- Tem- SaUn- Depth, pera- ity Depth, pera- ity meters ture °C. %o meters ture °C. %0 Station 4576; July 15-16; latitude 48°05.5' N. , longitude 51° 33' W.; depth 220 meters, dynamic height 971.107 0. 11.25 4.09 -0.87 -1.45 -1.35 -0.04 0.27 31.39 32.17 32.80 33.03 33.16 33.58 33.71 0 11.25 4.09 -0.87 -1.45 -1.35 -0.05 0.30 31.39 32.17 32.80 33.03 33.16 33.59 33.71 23.95 25 25 25.55 50 50 26.39 75 75 26.59 100 100 26.69 149 150 26.99 199 200 27.07 Station 4577; July 16; latitude 47°57.5' N., longitude 51°15' W.; depth 155 meters, dynamic height 971.103 0 11.56 3.11 -0.77 -1.16 -0.96 -0.15 31.58 32.20 32.71 32.99 33.18 33.54 0 25 11.56 3.11 -0.77 -1.16 -0.96 0.05 31.58 32.20 32.71 32.99 33.18 33.63 24.04 25 25.67 50 50 26.31 75 75 26.55 100 100 26.70 140 (150) 27.02 Station 4578; July 16; latitude 47°48' N., longitude 50°51' W.; depth 114 meters, dynamic height 971.111 0 11.49 5.23 -0.38 -0.88 -0.88 31.52 32.29 32.65 32.97 33.14 0 11.49 5.23 -0.38 -0.90 -0.85 31.52 32.29 32.65 32.97 33.14 25 25 50 50 74 . ... 75 99 100 24.00 25.52 26.26 26.53 26.66 Station 4579; July 16; latitude 47°44' N., longitude 50°36' W.; depth 150 meters, dynamic height 971.129 0 11.52 8.22 2.50 0.16 -0.78 -0.79 31.65 32.14 32.39 32.74 33.11 33.20 0 11.52 7.70 1.80 -0.25 -0.80 31.65 32.17 32.44 32.89 33.14 23 25 50 45 68 75 90 100 122 24.10 25.12 25.96 26.43 26.66 Station 4580; July 16; latitude 47°34' N., longitude 50°16' W.; depth 119 meters, dynamic height 971.115 0 11.39 5.24 1.39 -0.49 -0.72 31.88 32.30 32.56 32.92 33.10 0 11.39 6.24 1.50 -0.45 -0.70 31.88 32.30 32.56 32.91 33.09 25 25 51 50 76 75 100. 102 24.30 25.53 26.08 26.46 26.61 Station 4581; July 16; latitude 47°28.5' N., longitude 49°56' W.; depth 70 meters, dynamic height 971.116 0 11.88 4.85 1.95 31.80 32.30 32.55 0 11.88 4.20 1.40 31.80 32.33 32.62 24.15 22 43 25 (50) 25.67 26.13 Station 4582; July 16; latitude 47°45.5' N., longitude 49°50' W.; depth 115 meters, dynamic height 971.122 0 25... 50... 75... 100 11.67 5.59 1.01 -0.52 -0.95 31.73 32.33 32.64 32.98 33.12 0..... 25... 50.. 75.. 100. 11.67 5.59 1.01 -0.52 -0.95 31.73 32.33 32.64 32.98 33.12 24.13 25.52 26.18 26.52 26.65 81 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1951— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Station 4583; July 16; latitude 48°00' N., longitude 49°44' W.; depth 169 meters, dynamic height 971.110 0.... 23.. 46.. 69.. 92.. 138 11.66 3.23 0.71 -1.47 -1.57 -0.86 31.73 32.46 32.83 32.86 32.96 33.25 0 25.. 50.. 75.. 100 150. 11.66 2.90 0.15 -1.50 -1.55 -0.55 31.73 32.53 32.84 32.88 33.01 33.32 24.13 25.95 26.38 26.47 26.58 26.79 Station 4584; July 16; latitude 48°13' N., longitude 49°41' W.; depth 217 meter.s, dynamic height 971.074 0... 25.. 50.. 76.. 101 151, 202, 11.53 2.15 -0.70 -1.47 -1.34 -0.31 0.80 32.14 32.77 32.92 33.08 33.23 33.56 33.92 0 11.53 2.15 -0.70 -1.45 -1.35 -0.35 0.75 32.14 32.77 32.92 33.08 33.23 33.56 33.91 25 50 75 . 100 150 200 24.48 26.20 26.48 26.63 26.75 26.98 27.21 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Station 4588; July 17; latitude 49°34' N., longitude 49°08' W.; depth 1,701 meters, dynamic height 970.880 0 25 51 76 102.... 152.... 204.. 306... 386... 578.... 770.... 966.... 1,463 9.87 32 97 2.77 34.06 2.52 34.35 2.61 34.56 2.94 34.58 3.32 34.73 3.40 34.78 3.39 34.81 3.42 34.83 3.40 34.83 3.35 34. 85 3.32 34.85 3.33 34.86 0 25 50 75 100.. . 160... 200... 300.... 400.... 600.... 800.... 1,000 9.87 2.77 2.50 2.60 2.90 3.35 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.35 3.35 3.30 32.97 34 06 34 34 34 54 34 57 34 73 34 78 34.81 34 83 34.831 34 85 34.85 25.40 27. IS 27.42 27.57 27.58 27.65 27.69 27.72 27.73 27.73 27.75 27.76 Station 4589; July 17; latitude 49°59.5' N., longitude 48°58' W.; depth 1,866 meters, dynamic height 970.862 Station 4585; July 16; latitude 48°34' N., longitude 49°32' W.; depth 633 meters, dynamic height 970.923 0.... 24.. 49.. 73.. 97.., 146, 194, 291. 380. 574. 10.64 -0.70 0.79 1.73 2.10 2.52 2.80 3.07 3.43 3.45 32.44 33.52 33.96 34.25 34,38 34.50 34.60 34.69 34.80 34.83 0.... 25.. 50.. 75.. 100 150 200. 300 400, 600, 10.64 -0.70 0.85 1.75 32.44 33.53 33.97 34.26 34.39 34.51 34.61 34.70 34.81 34.83 24.87 26.97 27.25 27.42 27.49 27.56 27.61 27,66 27.72 27,72 Station 4586; July 16; latitude 48°42' N., longitude 49°28' W.- depth 1,097 meters, dynamic height 970.946 0 23.. 47.., 70... 94... 140, 187. 281. 345. 526. 712. 907. 9.89 7.79 2.93 2.15 1.79 2.07 2.76 3.31 3.52 3.54 3.50 3.37 32.55 32.66 34.14 34.24 34.28 34.41 34.61 34.76 34.80 34.84 34.86 34.86 0 25 50 75 too 150 200 300 400 600 800 (1,000) 9.89 7.30 2.75 2.05 1.80 2,25 2.90 32.55 25,08 32. 73 25.62 34.16 27.26 34.25 27.39 34.29 27.44 34.46 27.54 34.65 27.64 34.78 27.69 34.82 27.72 34.85 27.74 34.86 27.75 34.86 27.76 0 24 49 73 98 147.... 195... 293.... 370.... 557..,. 747.... 938.... 1,421 9.21 4,06 3.08 3.13 3.26 3.42 3.37 3.38 3.40 3.39 3.33 3.27 3.31 33.20 34,29 34.45 34.65 34.73 34.79 34.80 34.84 34.84 34.84 34.84 34.84 34.86 0 9.21 4.00 3.10 3.15 3.30 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.35 3.30 3.25 33.20 34.30 34.46 34.66 34.73 34.79 34.80 34.84 34.84 34,84 34.84 34.84 25 50 75 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1,000 25.70 27.25 27.47 27.62 27.66 27.70 27.71 27.74 27.74 27.74 27.75 27.75 Station 4590; July 18; latitude 53°42.5' N., longitude S5°46' W.; depth 100 meters, dynamic height 1,454.957 0 8. 89 -1.11 -1.18 -1.34 -1.34 27.07 32. 14 32,38 32.66 32.69 0 8.89 -1. 10 -1.20 -1.35 -1.30 27.07 32.15 32.44 32.68 32.81 23 25 46 50 69 75 (100) 78 20.96 25.87 26.11 26.30 26.41 Station 4587; July 17; latitude 49°06' N., longitude 49°20' W.; depth 1,600 meters, dynamic height 970.904 0...... 26 53 78 105.... 157.... 210.... 316.... 402.... 601.... 799 998 1,496 9.11 0.69 1.56 1.68 2.10 2.83 3.07 3.39 3.53 3.44 3.37 3.32 3.30 32.56 33.86 34.11 34.27 34.39 34.58 34.68 34.78 34.84 34.84 34.83 34.84 34.86 0 25 50 75 100.... 150... 200.... 300 400 600 800 1 , 000 9.11 0.70 1.50 1.65 2.00 2.75 3.05 3.35 3.50 3.40 3.35 3.30 32.56 33.81 34.10 34.25 34.37 34.56 34.67 34.77 34.84 34.84 34.84 34.84 25.21 27.13 27.31 27.42 27.49 27.58 27.64 27.69 27.73 27.74 27.74 27.75 Station 4591; July 19; latitude 53°52' N., longitude 55°28' W.; depth 217 meters, dynamic height 1,454.886 0.... 24.. 49.. 73.. 98.. 147 181 8.17 0.40 -1.02 -1.18 -1.11 -0.96 -0.68 30.44 32.48 32.91 33.06 33.18 33.33 33.49 0 8.17 0.25 -1.05 -1.20 -1.10 -0,95 -0.35 30.44 32,53 32.92 33.07 33.19 33.34 33.58 25 50.. 75 100 150 (200) 23.70 26.13 26.49 26.62 26.71 26.83 26.99 Station 4592; July 19; latitude 53°57' N., longitude 55°21' W.; depth 169 meters, dynamic height 1,454.890 0.... 25.. 49.. 74.. 99.. 148, 8.91 0.10 -1.18 -1.16 -1.18 -0.63 30.46 32.49 32.76 32.93 33.08 33.52 0.... 25.. 50.. 75.. 100 150 8.91 0.10 -1.20 -1.15 -1.20 -0.60 30.46 32.49 32,77 32.94 33.09 33.54 23.60 26.09 26. 38 26.51 26.63 26.97 82 Table of Oceanograiohic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1951— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity %o Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Station 4593; July 19; latitude 54°08.5'N longitude 55°00' W.; depth 165 meters, dynamic height l,454.hb/ n.. .. 24- 48.. 71.. 95.. 143 8.74 1.41 -1.07 -1.17 -1.16 -0.62 30.77 32.34 32.74 32.95 33.13 33.50 0 25... 50... 75... 100. 150. S.74 1.25 -1.10 -1.15 -1.15 -0.55 30.77 32.38 32.75 32.98 33.16 33.57 23.87 25.95 26.35 26.54 26.69 27.00 Station 4594; July 19; latitude 54°19' N., longitude 54°42' W.; depth 180 meters, dynamic height 1,454.855 Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- SaUn- Depth, pera- ity Depth, pera- ity (Tt meters ture °C. %o meters ture °C. %0 Station 4598; July 19; latitude 54°56' N., longitude 53°18' W.; depth 1,584 meters; dynamic height 1,454.705 0 26... 52... 78... 105. 156, 8.00 -0.45 -1.10 -0.91 -0.79 0.01 31.18 32.68 33.05 33.27 33.41 33.76 0 25... 50... 75... 100. 150, 8.00 -0.35 -1.10 -0.95 -0.80 -0.10 31.18 32.62 33.03 33.25 33.39 33.72 24.30 26.22 26.58 26.76 26.86 27,10 Station 4595; July 19; latitude 54°30' N., longitude 54°21' W.; depth 220 meters, dynamic height 1,454.852 0 7.71 -0.79 -0.96 -1.09 -0.89 -0.23 1.10 31.06 25 32.78 50 33.09 75 33.24 100 33.41 150 33.65 200 34.09 0 25... 50... 75... 100. 150 200 7.71 -0.79 -0.96 -1.09 -0.89 -0.23 1.10 31.06 32.78 33.09 33.24 33.41 33.65 34.09 24.24 26.38 26.62 26.75 26.89 27.05 27.33 0 24 47 71 95 142.... 189.... 284.... 340.... 515.... 693.... 878.... 1,363 5.99 7.48 4.22 2.85 2.97 3.22 3.39 3.50 3.64 3.52 3.52 3.49 3.37 31.58 34.06 34.44 34.53 34.58 34.68 34.75 34.79 34.80 34.81 34.82 34.85 34.84 0 25 50 75 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1,000... (1,500). 5.99 7.50 3.95 2.85 3.00 3.25 3.40 3.50 3.50 3.. 50 3.50 3.45 3.35 31.58 34.11 34.46 34.54 34.59 34.69 34.75 34.79 34.81 34.82 34.84 34.85 34.84 24.88 26.67 27.38 27.55 27.58 27.63 27.67 27.69 27.71 27.72 27.73 27.74 27.74 Station 4599; July 19; latitude 55''01' N., longitude 53°06' W.; depth 2,195 meters, dynamic height 1,454.672 Station 4596; July 19; latitude 54°44. 5' N., longitude 53°50' W.; depth 320 meters, dynamic height 1,454.834 7.42 -1.19 -1.19 -1.12 -0.92 1.14 2.02 3.23 30.92 32.86 .33.07 33.25 33.38 33.95 34.29 34.66 0 7.42 -1.20 -1.20 -1.10 -0.85 1.25 2.15 3 30 30.92 32.87 33.08 33.26 33.40 33.99 34.32 34.68 24.18 24 25 26.46 49 50 26.62 73 75 26.76 97 100 26.87 146 150 27.24 194 200 27.44 291 300 27.62 0 25 49 74 99 148.... 197-... 296.... 409.... 611.... 813.... 1,014, 1,529 2,049 36 56 93 07 24 42 49 49 49 3.49 3.46 3.33 3.35 3.07 32.44 34.07 34.50 34.65 34.69 34.73 34.78 34.80 34.82 34.83 34.84 34.83 34.86 34.87 0 25 50 75 100.. 150.. 200.. 300.. 400.. 600.. 1,000.. 1,500.. 2,000.. 7.36 3.56 2.95 3.10 3.25 3.45 3.50 3.50 3.45 3.45 3.45 3.30 3.35 3.10 32.44 34.07 34.51 34.65 34.69 34.73 34.78 34.80 34.82 34.83 34.84 34.83 34.86 34.87 25.38 27.12 27.52 27.62 27.63 27.64 27.68 27.70 27.72 27.72 27.73 27.74 27.76 27.80 Station 4600 W.; depth ; July 19; latit 3.054 meters, ude 5,5°13' N., longitude 52°44' dynamic height 1 ,454.657 Station 4597; July 19; latitude 54°50.5' N. , longitude 53°34' W.; depth 637 meters, dynamic height 1,454.775 0 26 52 78 104 155 206 310 389 582 774 965 1,456.. 1,954.. 2,386.. 2,774.. 0 25 50 75 100.. 150.. 200.. 300.. 394.. 592.. 5.99 0.25 -0.67 0.49 1.65 2.22 2.96 3.33 3.44 3.51 31.32 32.64 33.48 33.84 34.11 34.37 34.60 34.73 34.745 34.81 0 25... 50... 75... 100. 150. 200. 300. 400, 600, 5.99 0.25 -0.67 0.49 1.65 2.22 2.96 3.33 3.40 3.50 31.32 32.64 33.48 33.84 34.11 34.37 34.60 34.73 34.75 34.81 24.67 26.22 26.93 27.16 27.31 27.48 27.59 27.65 27.67 27.71 34.06 34.39 34.64 34.69 34.72 34.77 34.79 34.81 34.81 34.85 34.84 34.83 34.84 34.88 34.86 34.83 0 25 50 75 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1,000... 1,500... 2,000... 2,500... (3,000). 9.57 6.70 3.30 3.20 3.30 3.55 3,55 3.55 3.50 3.50 3.40 3.30 3.25 3.10 2,60 1,55 34,06 34,39 34,62 34,68 34.72 34.77 34.79 34.81 34,81 34,85 34,84 34,83 34,84 34,88 34,85 34,83 26,31 27,00 27,58 27.63 27.66 27.67 27.68 27.70 27,71 27,74 27,74 27,74 27,75 27.80 27.82 27.89 72.... 96.... 144.. 193.. 289.. 337.. 509.. 1,318- 1,796.. 2,605-. 3,056,. 9,47 8,17 3,72 3,36 3,32 3,41 3,42 3,46 3,37 3.41 3.34 3.32 3,23 3,32 2.92 2.02 34.55 34.54 34.64 34.70 34.74 34.80 34,82 34,83 34,82 34,85 34,84 34,85 34,84 34,86 34,88 34,89 0 25,,-, 50.- 75,.- 100.. 150.. 200.. 300.. 400.. 9.47 8.00 3.65 3.35 3,35 Station 4601; Julv 20; latitude 55°36' N., longitude 52°07' W.; depth 3,310 meters, dynamic height 1,454.630 26.71 26,93 27.56 27.64 27.67 27.71 27.725 27.725 27.73 27.74 27.76 27.76 27.76 27.78 27.80 27.89 800 1,000.- 1,500- 2,000.. 2,500.. 3,000.. 34.55 34.. 54 34,65 34.71 34,75 34,80 34,82 34,83 34,83 34,84 34,85 34.85 34.85 34.87 34.88 34.89 83 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1951— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Station 4602; July 20; latitude 56°03' N., longitude 51°24' W.; depth 3,475 meters, dynamic height 1,454.648 0 25 50 75 101 150..... 200 301 361 544 727 913 1,389.. 1,877.. 2,514.. 3,015.. 3,417.. 9,72 7.03 4.42 4.00 3.72 3.52 3.49 3.48 3.48 3.31 3.31 3.26 3.25 3.33 3.10 2.67 1.79 34.39 34.41 34.57 34.66 34.69 34.72 34.78 34.81 34.84 34.84 34.85 34.84 34.85 34.88 34.89 34.90 34.86 0 25 50 75 100.... 150.... 200.... 300.... 400.... 600.... 800.... 1,000. 1,500. 2,000. 2,500. 3,000. 9.72 7 03 4.42 4.00 3.70 3.52 3.49 3.50 3.45 30 30 25 25 35 10 2.70 34.39 34.41 34.57 34.66 34.69 34.72 34.78 34.81 34.84 34.84 34.84 34.84 34. SG 34.88 34.89 34.90 26.54 26.97 27.43 27.54 27.59 27.64 27.68 27.71 27.73 27.75 27.75 27.75 27.77 27.77 27.81 27.85 ■'Station 4605; July 21; latitude 57°44.5' N., longitude 4S°14' W.; depth 3,365 meters, dynamic height 1,454.616 0 23.... 46.... 69.... 93.... 138.. 184.. 277.. 391.. 584.. 777.. Station 4603; July 20; latitude 56°36.5' N. , longitude 50°30' W.; depth 3,841 meters, dynamic height 1,454.635 147 197 295 351 532 716 905 1,385.. 1,885.. 2,596.. 3,103.. 3, 608.. 9.57 8.88 3.85 3.53 3.43 3.34 3.31 3.24 3.34 3.04 2.67 1.62 34.50 34.55 34.64 34.72 34.76 34.78 34.81 34.82 34.82 34.83 34.82 34.83 34.84 34.88 34.90 34.90 34.86 0 25... 50... 75... 100. 150.. 200.. 300.. 400. 800 1,000.. 1, 500.. 2,000 2,500.. 3,000. 3,500.. 9.57 3.30 3.30 3.25 3.20 3.20 3.25 3.25 3.10 2.80 1.85 34.50 34.55 34.64 34.7 34.76 34.78 34.81 34.82 34.82 34.82 34.82 34.83 34.85 34.88 34.90 34.90 34.87 26.65 26.80 27.54 27.64 27.68 27.69 27.73 27.74 27.74 27.74 27.75 27.75 27.76 27.78 27.82 27.84 27.90 Station 4604; July 21; latitude 57°10' N., longitude 49°25' W.; depth 3,530 meters, dynamic height 1,454.664 0 23 47 71 95 142 189 284 350 528 711 895 1, 349.. 2, 580.. 3, 091.. 3, 284.. 9.69 8.36 4.56 3.78 3.55 3.38 3.32 3.30 3.30 3.28 3.26 3.24 3.25 3.07 2.66 2.36 34.56 34.56 34.57 34.60 34.66 34.75 34.79 34.80 34.83 34.82 34.82 34.80 34.81 34.885 34.875 34.875 0 25 50 75 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1, 000... 1, 500... 2, 000... 2, 500... 3, 000... (3, 500). 9.69 8.10 4.40 3.70 3.50 3.35 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.25 3.25 3.20 3.25 3.30 3.15 2.75 1.90 34.56 34.56 34.57 34.61 34.67 34.76 34 34.80 34.81 34.81 34.81 34.80 34.81 34.83 34.88 34.88 34.87 26.68 26.93 27.43 27.53 27.60 27.68 27.71 27.72 27.73 27.73 27.73 27.73 27.73 27.74 27.79 27.83 27.90 1, 507.. 2, 079 . 2,361.. 2, 912.. 3,202 9.00 8.53 3.86 3.89 3.82 3.74 3.79 3.66 3.61 3.48 31 3.24 3.23 3.18 2.96 2.43 2.01 34.59 34.59 34.69 34.76 34.78 34.83 34.86 34.86 34.88 34.87 34.855 34.85 34.85 34.91 34.90 34,89 34.87 0 25 50 75 100 150 200.. 300 400.... 600 800 1,000 1, 500.. 2, 000.. 2,500 3, 000.. 9.00 34.59 8.05 34.59 3.85 34.70 3.9(: 34.77 3.80 34.79 3.75 34.84 3.80 34.86 3.65 34.86 3.65 34.88 3.45 34.87 3.30 34.86 3.20 34.85 3.20 34.85 3.20 34.91 2.85 34.90 2.35 34.88 26.81 26.96 27.58 27.64 27.66 27.70 27.72 27 73 27.74 27.76 27.77 27.77 27.77 27.82 27.84 27.86 ^'^«o?.4^°^'jJ"'y 21-22; latitude 5S°16' N., longitude 4fa 54 W.; depth 2,980 meters, dynamic height 1,454.632 55.. Ill 167 223 334 437 368 556 941 1,438 1, 888.. 2, 375.. 2, 768.. 8.34 7.04 3.99 3.76 3.91 3.84 3.88 3.75 3.67 3.72 3.60 3.40 3.30 3.31 2.87 2.15 34.52 34.65 34.74 34.76 34.82 34.85 34.88 34.88 34.88 34.88 34.865 34.855 34.85 34.90 34.90 34.88 0 25 50 75 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1, 000.. 1, 500.. 2, 000.. 2, 500 . 8.34 7.25 4.40 3 3.85 3.85 3.85 3 3.70 3.55 3.45 3.35 3.30 3.30 2.65 34.52 34.64 34.72 34.76 34.80 34.84 34.87 34.88 34.88 34.86 34.86 34.85 34.85 34.90 34.90 26.87 27.12 27.54 27.64 27.66 27.69 27.72 27.73 27.74 27.74 27.75 27.75 27.76 27.80 27.86 Station 4607; July 22; latitude 5S°40' N., longitude 46°01, VV.; depth 2,550 meters, dynamic height 1,454.627 0 24... 49.... 73.... 99.... 147.. 196.. 295.. 403.. 810 1,011.. 1,516.. 2, 102.. 2, 459.. 8.18 8.15 5.90 4.63 4.30 3.29 3.37 2.68 2.02 34.70 34.72 34.82 34.84 34.87 34.90 34.90 34.91 34.92 34.88 34.84 04.84 34.89 34.87 34.86 0 25 50 75 100.... 150.... 200.... 300.... 400.... 600.... 800.... 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000. (2, 500).... 8.18 34.70 27.03 8.15 34.72 27.05 6.80 34.82 27.46 4.55 34.84 27.62 4.30 34.87 27.67 4.25 34.90 27.70 4.15 34.90 27.71 4.10 34.91 27.73 4.00 34.92 27.75 3.60 34.88 27.75 3.35 34.85 27.75 3.30 34.84 27.75 3.40 34.89 27.78 2.90 34.87 27.82 1.90 34.86 27.89 84 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1951— Continued Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity Depth, pera- ity meters ture %o meters ture °C. %o Station 4608; July 22; latitude 58°57.5'N., longitude 45°20' W.; depth 2,469 meters, dynamic height 1,454.647 0 28 57 85 114 171 228 342 392 591 793 998 1,510 1,863 2,249 7.36 6.98 5.06 4.91 4.79 4.62 4.61 4.53 4.48 34.74 34.76 34.89 34.95 34.945 34.93 34.94 34.94 34.935 34.92 34.89 34.88 34.89 34.89 34.85 0 25 50 75 100 150 200 300 400 600 SCO 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 7.36 7.10 5.15 4.95 4.85 4.65 4.60 4.55 4.45 4.15 3.85 3.65 3.35 2.75 34.74 34.75 34.85 34.93 34.95 34.94 34.94 34.94 34.93 34.92 34.89 34.88 34.89 34.88 27.18 27.23 27.56 27.64 27.67 27.69 27.69 27.70 27.70 27.73 27.73 27.74 27.78 27.83 Station 4609; July 22; latitude 59°13' N., longitude 44°51' W.; depth 1,920 meters, dynamic height 1,454.663 0 6.18 5.44 5.37 5.35 4.86 4.86 4.73 4.66 4.68 4.62 4.53 4.27 3.53 3.33 33.70 34.83 34.92 34.96 34.92 34.96 34.94 34.96 34.95 34.94 34.95 34.93 34.87 34.91 0 6.18 5.40 5.35 5.25 4.85 4.80 4.70 4.65 4.60 4.55 4.30 3.95 3.35 33.70 34.84 34.93 34.96 34.93 34.96 34.95 34.95 34.95 34.95 34.93 34.90 34.90 26.52 23 25 27.52 46 50 27.59 69 75 27.64 92 100 27.65 137 150 27.69 184 200 27.69 276 300 27.70 296 400 27.70 460 600 27.71 636 . 800 1, 000 1, 500 27.71 823 27.73 1, 299 1, 593 27.79 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C. Salin- ity Station 4610; July 22; latitude 59°25' N., longitude 44°49' W.; depth 1,097 meters, dynamic height 1,454,733 0 3.65 2.76 3.28 4.18 4.79 4.95 5.08 4.81 4.75 4.69 4.35 32. 67 33.01 34.46 34.63 34.80 34.86 34.94 34.95 34.92 34.96 34.94 0 3.65 2.75 3.20 4.10 4.75 4.95 5.10 4.80 4.75 4.40 4.25 32.67 32.97 34.40 34.61 34.79 34.86 34.94 34.94 34.95 34.94 34.92 26 25 51 50 78 75 .. 103 ... . 100 155 150 206 .. 200 309 300 282 400 442 600 616 (800) 25.99 26.31 27.41 27.49 27.56 27.59 27.63 27.67 27.68 27.71 27.72 Station 4611; July 23; latitude 59°32.5' N., longitude 44°26' W.; depth 338 meters, dynamic height 1,454.789 0. 1.30 -0.20 -1.07 -0.63 1.49 1.92 2.11 32.38 32.81 33.35 33.66 34.11 34.24 34.29 0 1.30 -0.30 -1.05 -0.60 1.50 1.95 2.10 2.20 32.38 32.83 33.35 33.67 34.12 34.24 34.29 34.36 25.95 24 25 26.39 50 50 26.84 74 75 27.08 99 100 27.33 148 .. 150 27.39 198 200 .. 27.41 (300) 27.47 Station 4612; July 23; latitude 59°37' N., longitude 44°17' W.; depth 174 meters, dynamic height 1,454.833 0 2.55 0.69 -0.95 -1.23 -0.98 1.61 32.01 32.44 33.14 33.42 33.50 34.14 0 2.55 0.75 -0.75 -1.20 -1.05 1.05 32.01 32.37 33.04 33.38 33.47 34.02 25.56 27 25 25.97 54 50 26.58 80 75 26.87 107 100 26.94 160 150 .. 27.28 Station 4613; July 23; latitude 59°43.5' N. , longitude 43°58' W.; depth 143 meters, dynamic height 1,454.907 0 1.37 1.36 -0.24 -0.73 -0.89 -0.62 30.98 31.01 32.58 32.92 33.01 33.39 0 1.37 1.35 -0.30 -0.75 -0.85 30.98 31.07 32.65 32.93 33.06 24 25 48 50 73 .. .. 75 97.-. 100.._ 121 24.82 24.89 26.24 26.49 26.59 a U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1953 204964 85 COAST GUARD U. S. TREASURY DEPARTMENT - , - BULLETIN No. 38 — — INTERNATIONAL ICE OBSERVATION AND ICE PATROL SERVICE IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN - [ Tl sY ] B'ologicaTI^Sw] ^^1'5- 1954 WOODS HOLE, mss. U. S. TREASURY DEPARTMENT COAST GUARD Bulletin No. 38 INTERNATIONAL ICE OBSERVATION AND ICE PATROL SERVICE IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN P. S. BRANSON FLOYD M. SOULE CG-I88-7 Season of 1952 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1933 UNITED STATES COAST GUARD Washington, D. C, 5 May 1953. Transmitted herewith is Bulletin No. 38, International Ice Observation and Ice Patrol Service in the North Atlantic Ocean— Season of 1952. Merlin O'Neill, Vice Admiral, U. S. Coast Guard Commandant Dist. (SDL. No. 53) A: a aa b c dd e f (SORREL, LAUREL, COWSLIP, EVERGREEN, CACTUS only) i (1) e (5);b c (2); d g Im (1) ab c(l) h (5); ce (1) d(5) B: C: D: E: List 133 (III) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Foreword ^^^ International Ice Patrol, 1952 1 Aerial Ice Observations 3 Communications '^ Ice Conditions, 1952 ^ Followed by figures 1-6 facing page-. 12 Table of Ice Reports, 1952 13 Physical Oceanography of the Grand Banks Region and the Labrador Sea in 1952 31 tV) FOREWORD This is Bulletin No. 38 in a series of bulletins which describe the work of the International Service of Ice Observation and Ice Patrol in the North Atlantic Ocean. This report relates the details of the 1952 ice season. Under the authority of the United States Law and the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, the United States Coast Guard conducts "International Ice Observation and Ice Patrol Service in the North Atlantic Ocean." The primary objective of this service is to determine the location of ice formations that are or may be a menace to ocean navigation and to disseminate this information to all commercial shipping and interested agencies. The ice formations are located by utilizing the forces assigned and by receiving reports from merchant vessels and commercial and military aircraft. The term "Ice Patrol" is used to describe the activities of the planes and ships when the threat to shipping requires a continuous guarding of the limits of the ice encumbered region by a surface vessel. The term "ice observation" is used to describe the operation when ice conditions are such as to require only intermittent observation by vessels or aircraft, primarily the latter. In order to further the primary objective of this service, oceano- graphic surveys of the ice areas are made each spring. The current charts and other information so evolved make possible the prediction of the movement of ice, thus materially adding to the efficiency of the patrol services. In addition, oceanographic surveys of the Labrador Sea and Davis Strait areas are usually made during July of each year, adding further knowledge of the factors involved in the production and transportation of ice to the areas heavily traveled by shipping. The icebergs which hinder the navigator in the North Atlantic are produced mainly by the glaciers of northwestern Greenland. These bergs are carried southward by the Baffinland and Labrador Currents, and some eventually reach the Tail of the Grand Banks, where the Labrador Current and Gulf Stream meet. This is the area of greatest danger to mariners since most of the transatlantic shipping lanes pass through this region. Author of the section of this bulletin dealing with oceanography was U. S. Coast Guard Oceanographer Floyd M. Soule. Other sections of the report were done by Lt. P. S. Branson, United States Coast Guard. (VII) INTERNATIONAL ICE PATROL, 1952 During that part of each year when ice presents a danger to the North Atlantic shipping lanes, usually from February until July, the headquarters for International Ice Patrol is maintained at the United States Naval Station, Argentia, Newfoundland. From this vantage point, with its proximity to the Grand Banks area, the commander, International Ice Patrol directs the movement of the ships and air- craft under his command. United States Coast Guard radio station (NIK), also located at Argentia, which is controlled by commander, International Ice Patrol, is used for collecting ice and weather reports, and for broadcasting ice information bulletins to mariners. Forces assigned to Ice Patrol consisted of two PBlG (Bl7) air- craft, used for aerial ice observation; the U. S. C. G. cutter Evergreen, specially fitted out and used for oceanographic survey work; and two larger patrol cutters, the Acushnet and Androscoggin. Capt. G. Van A. Graves, USCG was Commander, International Ice Patrol during 1952. The first assistant, or Ice Patrol Officer was Lt. P. S. Branson, USCG. Preseason ice reconnaissance flights by the United States Coast Guard Air Detachment, Argentia, during early February indicated that the normal movement of ice was weU started, and consequently an advance Ice Patrol skeleton staff opened the Ice Patrol Office at Argentia on 13 February 1952 and commenced ice observation flights with one PBlG aircraft on 16 February. On 27 February, Commander, International Ice Patrol arrived with the remainder of his staff, and on 5 March radio station NIK was opened. Commencing on 5 March, reports of ice conditions were made twice daily to the United States H)^drographic Office, Washington, D. C. Because of the fact that the ice did not continue its expected south- ward movement during March and the first part of April, ice broad- casts to shipping were not begun until 30 April, at which time the ice had assumed a position of potential danger. These broadcasts were continued until the end of the season, on 16 June. During the early part of the season no ice threatened any of the North Atlantic Track Agreement Tracks then in effect, so on 19 March, the Commander, International Ice Patrol recommended to the North Atlantic Track Agreement representative that an immediate shift be made to track F, and that the scheduled shift from track C to B on 11 April not be made. This recommendation was acknowl- edged with thanks, but was not acted upon. 1 During much of the season only one aircraft svas required at Ar- gentia and the second plane remained at its base in the United States. The U. S. C. G. cutters Acushnet and Androscoggin were assigned for surface patrol duty but due to the scarcity of ice their services were not required, and both ships remained at their home ports. A material reduction in the cost of Ice Patrol was effected through these measures. Three oceanographic surveys were made by the C. G. cutter Evergreen. During each cruise a current chart was completed while the vessel was still at sea. If patrol cutters were being used, a copy of this chart would be passed to the cutter at sea for use in determining the probable drift of bergs. Such charts are used at the Ice Patrol Office at Argentia for planning ice observation flights and predicting future movements of ice. Details of the oceanographic program are discussed in another section of this bulletin. In general however, surveys during AprU and May revealed that the Labrador Current was not dividing as usual near the northern slope of the Grand Banks, with the western branch running south along the east coast of the Avalon Peninsula. Instead, practically all the current was being diverted to the eastern branch running south along the eastern slope of the banks. This meant that bergs close inshore along the Avalon Peninsula had little driving force to move them south. During the latter part of April and the first part of May, however, bergs driven offshore by the westerly winds were in a position to move south with the eastern branch of the Labrador Current. A survey completed on 16 June showed fairly normal speed but revealed that practically all of the Labrador Current recurved to the east and northeast, north of the 44th parallel, leaving little likelihood of any berg drifting south of that latitude. Surface water temperatures collected by radio from vessels passing through the ice areas were another aid in establishing and predicting ice drift and melting rates. Using these temperatures collected over each 2-week period, an oceanographically trained officer on the staff of Commander, International Ice Patrol at Argentia, constructed a surface isotherm chart of sea temperatures. This chart indicated the general features of the Labrador and Atlantic Currents, and the important area where they meet near the Tail of the Grand Banks. Although this type of chart did not give specific values of the velocity of the currents, it did indicate general direction and relative strength, both useful aids in forecasting the drift of ice. Isotherm charts for the 1952 season are shown in figures 1 to 6, inclusive. A record of the number of icebergs drifting south of the 48th parallel each year is kept by the Ice Patrol and is used as a yardstick to measure the relative severity of each ice season. Data for the past 50 years show that an annual average of 431 bergs cross 48° north latitude. Naturally the annual cost of Ice Patrol cannot be made exactly proportional to the berg count, but every effort is being made to keep the cost consistent with the danger to shipping. During 1952 only 14 bergs were estimated to have drifted past the 48th parallel, and none past the 47th. From this figure, and by compar- ison with average ice limits shown in The Ice Atlas of the Northern Hemisphere, Hydrographic Office Publication No. 550, it can be seen that 1952 was a very light ice year. Details of the ice movement for each month of the year are given under Ice Conditions, 1952. (See figs. 1 to 4.) AERIAL ICE OBSERVATION During 1952 the entire program of ice oljscrvation was carried out with two PBlG (Bl7) aircraft, capable of flj^ing 1,500 miles on a normal patrol. These planes were equipped with two loran indica- tors, both manned at all times during flight by trauied operators who acted as aides to the navigator. With positions being obtained approximately every 3 minutes, it was possible to accurate^ fix the location of every ice formation sighted. An experienced ice observer was carried on each flight, and seated in a position to have unrestricted visibility from beam to beam. A continuous radar watch was main- tained, even during periods of good visibility, and as a further aid to the observer, a remote radar oscilloscope was mounted for his use. To ensure that ice formations were not missed while searching under normal conditions, the tracks followed by the aircraft were planned to be parallel and 25 miles apart. With flights planned in this manner, the average search was believed to cover effectively a sea surface area of 30,000 to 35,000 square miles. Durmg 1952, ice conditions were never severe enough to justify aerial searches during marginal weather. On several occasions fog or low stratus developed during a flight and forced completion of the search by radar alone. Wlien this occurred, it was sometimes possible to identify radar targets by passing over them at altitudes from 300 to 500 feet. Flight statistics for the season are given in the following table. Month Num- ber of flights Hours mini- mum flight time Hours maxi- mum flight time Hours aver- age flight time Total flight time hours Mini- mum flight dis- tance Maxi- mum flight dis- tance Aver- age flight dis- tance Total flight dis- tance Total square miles searched Maxi- mum days be- tween flights Aver- age num- ber days be- tween flights 13-29 Feb. - March April May 1-15 June.. 4 11 12 9 3 5.7 4.1 1.6 4.1 8.0 8.5 9.6 9.7 9.7 8.8 7.4 7.2 6.7 7.0 8.4 29.4 79.7 80.7 63.4 25.3 798 411 240 640 1,200 1,245 1,390 1,420 1,500 1.435 1,073 945 968 1,054 1,318 4,293 10, 396 11,610 9,485 3,955 94,750 240, 550 252, 250 181,900 95,000 6 11 3 10 6 4 2.9 2.5 3.3 5 Total for 39 278.5 39, 739 864,450 3.1 COMMUNICATIONS One of the major elements of the Ice Patrol force at Argentia was Coast Guard Radio Station NIK. Here the merchant vessel reports of ice, weather, and sea temperatures were received, and ice bulletins to shipping were broadcast twice daily. In addition, teletype con- nections were maintained with the v^arious major communication centers along the Atlantic seaboard as a further aid in gathering ice information from other sources such as military and commercial transatlantic aircraft. This teletype service was also used to transmit ice information to the United States Hydrographic Office, Washington, D. C, where it was broadcast to shipping in the form of Hydrolants and daily published Hydrographic Bulletins. Besides acting primarily as an ice collection and warning agency, radio station NIK was alert to receive and handle distress messages and render all possible assistance. Medical advice was available from NIK through the cooperation of the medical officer, United States Naval Station, Argentia. The value of Ice Patrol services is largely dependent on the efficiency of its conmiunication organization. It is a constant aim to keep the Ice Patrol communication system at peak performance. Suggestions or criticisms from mariners are always welcome, and should be addressed to the Commandant, United States Coast Guard, Washing- ton 25, D. C. In 1952, it was noted that only a very small percentage of ships crossing the ice patrol area actually made radio contact with NIK. Mariners perhaps fail to realize that the reports every four hours of weather and surface sea temperature requested by NIK may be of great value in predicting the future movement of ice, even though the ship's position ma}' be far removed from known ice areas. In 1952, radio station NIK commenced twice daily reports to the United States Hydrographic Office on March 5, and the broadcast of the twice daily ice bulletins to shipping began on April 30. Both schedules were maintained until the termination of the ice season on June 16. The ice bulletins to shipping were broadcast simultaneously on frequencies 155, 5320 and 8245 kilocycles at 0048 G. C. T. and 1248 G. C. T. daily. The silent periods were observed. The broad- cast was keyed automatically at 15 words per minute and repeated at 25 words per minute. Each broadcast listed the most recently sighted or reported ice first and the distinction was made between ice "sighted" and ice "reported." Ice "sighted" is that seen by Ice Patrol aircraft or cutters and ice "reported" is that seen and reported by all other sources. Each broadcast was concluded with a request that all shipping in the area report ice, v/eather and sea temperatures to NIK. Three frequencies were available to merchant ships for making these reports, 468, 480, and 8250 kilocycles. Either of the first two could be used after calling on 500 kilocycles, and the last was used if calling was done on 8280 kilocycles. During the 1952 season NIK sent or received 3,210 radio messages and 12,770 landline messages. A tabulation of reports received for the entire season is as follows: Total number of ships sending reports 302 Number of ice reports 118 Total number of ships sending ice reports 60 Number of water temperatures 2, 285 Total number of ships sending water temperatures 214 TotAl number of ships requesting special reports 84 Total number of weather reports relayed to observer, Washington ^^ Thirtv-seven percent of the reports received came from United States vessels, and 25 percent from British vessels, with the remaming 38 percent divided between 19 other nationalities. ICE CONDITIONS 1952 JANUARY The first ice report for the 1952 season was received from the United States Coast Guard Air Detachment, Argentia, Newfound- land. On 17 January, dm-ing a routine flight from Argentia to Battle Harbor, Labrador, pack ice was sighted on either side of the track. On 21 January the U. S. C. G. Cutter Matagorda reported rmming through drift ice and open pack between 52°00' N. and 53°00' N. at 53°00' W. On 30 January another flight from the Coast Guard Air Detachment, Argentia, to Battle Harbor, pa- trolled to the east of their normal track and observed the southern and eastern limits of the pack ice to extend on an approximate Ime from Cape Freels, Newfoundland, to 50°00' N., 52°00' W., and thence northerly. On this flight nine bergs and two growlers were sighted between 51°00' N., and 52°20' N., from the mainland of Newfound- land east to 52°00' W. On 31 January, at the request of Commander, International Ice Patrol, the Coast Guard Air Detachment, Argentia made a preseason aerial reconnaissance flight over the central and northern portion of the Grand Banks and found scattered drift ice along an hregular line from 50°00' N., 52°00' W., to 49°03' N., 51°45' W., and thence westerly. No kno;NTi icebergs came south of 48°00' N. durmg January. Limits of pack ice for the month appear to be about average as compared with those limits sho^vn in the Ice Atlas of the Northern Hemisphere. ^ FEBRUARY On the 1st day of the month a PBY from the Coast Guard Air Detachment, Argentia, made another preseason ice reconnaissance flight covering the southeastern and eastern slopes of the Grand Banks and found no ice. On February 8, the U. S. C. G. Cutter Absecon reported running through fields of open ^^^ ^^^f^ P^^f ,lf along a line extending approximately from 50 00 N., 51 OU >> ., 5 to 53°10' N., 50°38' W., with three bergs within a 10-mile radius of 53°10' N., 50°40' W. On February 11, the Coast Guard Air Detachment, Argentia, scouted the northern slopes of the Grand Banks and determined that the southern limit of the pack ice was defined by an irregular line running from Cape Bonavista, Newfound- land, to 51°20' N., 50°20' W. Two bergs were also sighted on this flight, one at 51°45' N., 51°49' W., and the other at 51°53' N., 51°02' W. The first flights by a regularly assigned International Ice Patrol plane were made on February 16 and 17, and covered the area from Newfoundland east to 45°00' W., between 47°00' N., and 49°00' N. No ice was sighted on either of these flights. Two more flights by Ice Patrol aircraft were made on February 24 and 25, covering the area between 48°00' N., and 51°00' N., from 48°00' W., to New- foundland. The latter of these two flights determined that the southern limit of pack ice ran from Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, to 49°00' N., 52°00' W., and thence northerly, with ice grading from open pack to consoUdated pack about 30 miles to the west of this line. A total of eight bergs and six growlers were sighted on these two flights between 49°00' N., and 51°30' N., west of 52°00' W. Four bergs and one growler were sighted within a 20-mile radius to the eastward of Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland. The southernmost piece of ice sighted on either of these flights was a very small growler at 48°20' N., 51°56' W. On February 26 the S. S. Finn Trader reported three growlers at 48°16' N., 50°16' W. This later turned out to be the most southerly ice reporting of the month. Two more bergs were reported on the 27th and 28th of the month, the first by the U. S. C. G. cutter Barataria at 48°46' N., 50°59' W., and the second by the U. S. C. G. cutter AlcCulloch at 49°00' N., 50°52' W. On February 28, an International Ice Patrol plane en route from Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Argentia scouted the Cabot Strait area and reported the results directly to the Canadian Department of Transport. On a course from Scatari Island to St. Paul Island and thence to Argentia no ice was sighted except close inshore at St. Ann Bay. Four flights by regularly assigned International Ice Patrol aircraft were made dming the month, in addition to the scouting done while en route over the Cabot Strait area. No loiown icebergs drifted south of 48°00' N. dm-ing the month. Limits of pack ice and berg ice were less than the average limits shown in the Ice Atlas of the Northern Hemisphere. Distribution of ice is shown in figure 1. MARCH Flights on the 1st of March and the 5th, 6th, and 7th, covering the area from 47°00' N., to 52°00' N., between 46°00' W., and the east coast of Newfoundland revealed that most of the ice found in the last week of February had either melted or been blown on shore by winds coming from the easterly quadrants during this period. A light string of slush was found near 47°42' N., 51°20' W., and two bergs in the vicinity of Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, one aground on the beach. Otherwise all ice was north of 49°00' N. The eastern limit of close pack ice was defined by a line running approximately from Fogo Island to Cape Bauld, Newfoundland, to a point 10 miles east of Belle Isle and thence north, with loose strings of drift ice extending 40 miles east of this line. About 11 bergs were observed in the pack at the eastern entrance to the Strait of Belle Isle. Six aerial surveys were made between the 19th of March aod the end of the month, covering the east coast of Newfoundland and the area from 50°00' N., to 54°30' N., over the Labrador Current. The ice conditions in the Newfoundland area were found to be much the same as determined earlier in the month, with the exception that numerous bergs and growlers were detected in the pack ice between Fogo Island and Cape Bauld, Newfoimdland. Along the Labrador coast the outer limit of open and close pack extended in a line from 10 miles east of Belle Isle almost due north to 54°00' N., and thence in a north-northwesterly direction, with floes and strings of ice extending 50 miles east of this line. To the east of the outer limit of pack ice, near 54°00' N., 54°30' W., in a position which could possibly present a later threat, several bergs and growlers were found in the Labrador Cm-rent. On March 28 a MATS plane reported sighting an iceberg at 46°25' N., 50°20' W., a position very near the Vhgin Rocks, a shoal area with depths of 3 fathoms, and well south of any known ice. An Ice Patrol plane went out and thoroughly searched the area, the same day, but found no ice in the vicinity. On March 10, the Canadian Department of Transport began intermittent aerial surveys of the Gulf of St. Lawrence region and reported that ice conditions were much better than average and compared favorably with 1951, which had been an exceptionally light ice year. In general, drift ice was being discharged from the St. Lawrence River between Anticosti Island and the Gaspe Peninsula. The Strait of Canso, Northumberland Strait, and the west coast of Cape Breton Island were filled with close pack ice. A narrow strip of close pack also extended along the northeast coast of Cape Breton Island. By the end of the month open pack and strings of drift ice extending from Cape Breton to a northwest-southeast line running approximately from Bird Rocks to St. Paul Island to 47°10' N., 59°00' W., had partially blocked Cabot Strait. North of this line, however, only occasional strings of drift ice caused any interference to navigators entering the strait. Conditions in Northumberland Strait and the Strait of Canso remained much the same during the month. Drift ice on the east coast of Cape Breton came as far south as Scatari Island. Eleven aerial surveys were made by Ice Patrol aircraft during March. No known icebergs drifted south of 48°00' N. during the month. Limits of pack and berg ice were much less than the average limits shown in the Ice Atlas of the Northern Hemisphere. Distribu- tion of ice is shown in figure 1. APRIL Five surveys by Ice Patrol aircraft between the 1st and 15th of April established the fact that the pack ice found in the large embay- ment between Cape Freels and Cape Bauld, Newfoundland, was definitely moving eastward into deeper water as it loosened and broke up with the warmer weather. By the 10th of the month the outer limit of the pack extended approximately northeast from Cape Freels, Newfoundland, to 50°00' N., 52^40' W., and thence west- northwest. From the 13th until the end of the month, westerly winds prevailed over the entire Newfoundland area and accelerated the movement of ice offshore. Aerial surveys on the 14th, 15th, 17th, 19th, and 22d, showed that the pack was rapidly moving eastward under the influence of these westerly winds, and that there were many small bergs and growlers in this ice, probably those which had been noted during March in the Notre Dame Bay area. By April 22, the outer limit of pack and drift ice extended approximately from Baccalieu Island to 49°10' N., 50°20' W., thence northwest. During the remainder of April four more aerial surveys were made, on the 25th, 26th, 28th, and 29th. By the end of the month the southern and eastern limits of all ice extended approximately from Cape St. Francis, Newfoundland, to 47°40' N., 47°00' W., to 50°30' N., 52°00' W., to 52°00' N., 52°00' W., thence northwest. Many bergs and growlers lay within the area enclosed by this boundary line. Near the vicinity of 48°00' N., 48°00' W., 3 bergs and about 15 growl- ers were sighted, all in a position to move rapidly southward with the Labrador Current which was known to be running strongly near this locality from an oceanographic survey performed during the first 3 weeks of the month. The most southerly ice formation sighted during the month, and the most dangerous to shipping, was a small berg sighted on the 29th at 47°45' N., 47°59' W. About 8 bergs and 20 growlers were sighted near a line from 47°50' N., 50°30' W., to Cape St. Francis, but were not considered in a favorable position to move far south, as it was known from the oceanographic survey that the Labrador Current was very weak and variable along the coast of the Aval on Peninsula. 8 Within the boundaries of the ice described above, south of 50°00' N., and east of 52°00' W., the pack consisted of drift ice and open pack, grading to close and consohdated pack west of 52°00' W. North of 50°00' N., the ice graded from drift ice east of 54°00' W., to open and close pack west of 54°00' W. During the month several flights were also made along the Labrador coast between Belle Isle and Hamilton Inlet to determine the potential supply of ice to the areas traversed by shipping further south. On the 9th and 10th of April, the outer limit of Labrador ice was found to run in a line from Belle Isle to 54°20' N., 53°40' W., to 56°00' N., 56°20' W., with many bergs and growlers in the ice. The flight on the 10th also covered the area near ocean station B at 56°30' N., 5l°00' W., to determine if there were any readily apparent explanation for the numerous bergs reported in this locality. On April 14, another flight along the Labrador coast revealed that the pack ice in this vicinity was also moving east, and that the outer limits were defined by a hne from Belle Isle east to 55°00' W., to 52°20' N., 53°40' W., to 53°40' N., 53°30' W., to 54°50' N., 54°30' W.. to 55°05' N., 56°50' W., thence north-northwest. Many bergs and growlers were also found within the limits of this ice. On April 1 the Canadian Department of Transport began daily aerial surveys, weather permitting, of the Cabot Strait and Gulf of St. Lawrence area. On the 7th, the St. Lawrence River was reported navigable to Quebec, and by the 14th, navigable to Montreal. By the 17th of the month the ice in Cabot Strait had drifted to its maximum easterly extension, under the influence of the westerly winds. On this date open pack and drift ice extended from Cape Breton to a line from St. Paul Island to 46°20' N., 57°40' W., to 45°35' N., 57°40' W., to 45°20' N., 58°30' W. Some scattered drift ice was also reported between St. Paul Island and Cape Ray, but did not prevent passage through this area. By the end of the month most of this ice had disappeared, leaving only isolated patches off the east coast of Cape Breton. Routes via the Strait of Canso and Northumberland Strait were reported clearing, but not recommended as yet for navigation. During March and April numerous bergs were reported in the vicinity of ocean station B at 56°30' N., 51°00' W., by Coast Guard cutters occupying the station. At the request of Commander, International Ice Patrol, several of these bergs were tracked contin- uously until they disintegrated, in order to determine if they were moving into this locality with a definite current, or were merely following the wind. One berg was tracked continuously from April 11 to April 21, following a ro uglily circular path with an average diameter of about 50 miles. An analysis of this drift is considered in detail in the section on oceanography. Twelve aerial surveys were made by Ice Patrol aircraft during April. It is estimated that 12 bergs came south of 48°00' N. during 260173—54- the month, but that none drifted south of 47°00' N. Limits of pack and berg ice were much less than the average Hmits shown in the Ice Atlas of the Northern Hemisphere. Distribution of ice is shown in figures 2 and 3. tAAY Flights on the 2d and 3d of May showed that the pack ice found along the northeast slope of the Grand Banks during the latter part of April had all disappeared, leaving only scattered small bergs and growlers in the area from 47°50' N., to 49°00' N., between 47°00' W., and the coast. Poor weather made aerial searches impractical again until the 9th of May, at which time it was found that the pack ice between Cape Freels and Cape Bauld, Newfoundland, had largely receded from its most easterly position during April, and noA* was limited by a line running approximately from Cape Freels to 50°00' N., 52°50' W., to 52°30' N., 54°20' W. North of the last position however, it was reported that the ice extended northeast to 52°30' W., and con- tained many bergs and growlers. On the 13th of May, an extensive ice reconnaissance flight over the northern and eastern slope of the Grand Banks revealed that all vestiges of ice previously known to be in this area had disappeared, except for a few scattered bergs and growlers along the coast near Cape Bonavista. Evidently the prevailing winds from the easterly quadrants during the first 2 weeks of May, coupled with the rapidly warming water, had erased all danger along the northern slope of the Grand Banks by a combination of melting the ice and driving it aground. Further flights on the 16th and 17 th of May showed that there was no ice in the Labrador Current, as far north as 52°00' N., except for scattered bergs and growlers along the east coast of Newfoundland between Cape Freels and Cape Bauld. Even the pack ice had dis- appeared in this area, except for a narrow belt along the shore from Cape St. John to Hare Bay, A search off the Labrador coast between Belle Isle and Hamilton Inlet on May 19 indicated that heavy arctic pack, carrying many bergs, had started southward. The outer limits of the pack on this date ran from 51°20' N., 55°30' W., to 52°00' N., 52°30' W., to 54°30' N., 52°40' W., thence west-northwest. This ice was observed to be mainly consolidated west of 54°30' W., and was populated with large numbers of bergs and growlers. A flight on 24 May to verify the movement of this same ice showed that the outer limits were defined approximately by a line from 51°00' N., 55°50' W., to 52°10' N., 51°10' W., thence north, consisting mainly of drift ice east of 54°00' W. Ice conditions in the St. Lawrence area improved rapidly early in the month. On May 2 the Strait of Canso and Northumberland Strait were reported navigable with caution, and on May 5 daily aerial surveys of the St. Lawrence area were discontinued. On May 16 10 the last ice report of the year was issued by the Canadian Department of Transport and all routes to the St. Lawrence were reported clear for navigation except via the Strait of Belle Isle. Nine aerial surveys were made by Ice Patrol aircraft during May. It is estimated that two bergs came south of 48°00' N. during the month, but that none drifted south of 47°00' N. Limits of pack and berg ice were less than the average limits shown in the Ice Atlas of the Northern Hemisphere. Distribution of ice is shown in figure 4. JUNE On the 1st day of the month a flight was made to search the east coast of Newfoundland from Cape St. Francis north, and the area from Belle Isle east to 50°00' W. Scattered bergs and growlers were found along the coast from Cape Bonavista to Fogo Island, and also in the vicinity of Funk Island. The pack ice blocking the eastern entrance to the Strait of Belle Isle was found to be deteriorating rapidly, al- though many bergs and growlers were still held in the ice, which was limited by a line running approximately from Hare Bay, Newfound- land, to 52°00' N., 54°00' W., thence north. Some loose strings of ice were found to eastward of this line, and many bergs and growlers in the vicinity of 52°00' N., 51°30' W. The most southerly ice sighted on this flight, which was far enough out in the Labrador Cur- rent to make possible a further movement into the more heavily traveled areas, were a berg and two growlers near 51°45' N., 51°30' W., and a radar target, evaluated as a growler, at 51°42' N., 50°40' W. A flight on June 6, under conditions of better visibility, found the pack ice limits essentially the same, with the exception that the band of ice blocking the Strait of Belle Isle extended south to the Gray Islands. Fewer bergs and growlers were found in the previously well populated area near 52°00' N., 51°30' W., although two small growlers were sighted near 51°15' N., 49°50' W., indicating further southerly movement of the ice sighted on June 1. The last ice observation flight of the season was made on Jmie 12, with poor visual conditions prevailing. Pack ice in the Belle Isle area had further receded, and was now bounded by a line from the Gray Islands to 52°15' N., 54°30' W., with the more northerly extension not determined. Bergs in the Labrador Current east of Belle Isle had practically disappeared except for two radar targets, probably growlers, at 50°30' N., 48°10' W. Since rapid deterioration of ice was apparent, and because of the seasonal advance of warmer air and increasing water temperatures, it was considered very unlikely that any ice could survive the journey to the Grand Banks. Consequently, Ice Patrol services for the year were termmated on June 16. Ice reports during the remainder of the month indicated little change in the conditions previously described. Three ice observation flights were made during the first 2 weeks of the month before Ice Patrol services were concluded. No known 11 icebergs drifted south of 48°00' N. Limits of pack and berg ice were less than the average limits shown in the Ice Atlas of the Northern Hemisphere. JULY On July 3, the pack ice had retreated from the eastern entrance of the Strait of Belle Isle, and since only scattered bergs and growlers remained in the strait proper, the passage was considered navigable. Bergs continued a slow southerly movement during the entire month. The most southerly reportings, a growler on July 9 at 48°49' N., 44°24' W., and a radar target, possibly a growler, at 48°52' N., 45°21' W., on July 25, were on the eastern edge of the Labrador Current in positions vdiich would in all probability insure their drift to the northward, as all three oceanographic surveys had mdi- cated a recurvature of the Labrador Current in that direction north of Flemish Cap. On July 28, at the request of Commander, International Ice Patrol, the Coast Guard Air Detachment, Argentia, made a postseason ice observation flight covering the coastal area near Cape Bonavista and the Labrador Current between 50°00' N., and 52°00' N. Numerous bergs and growlers were sighted within a 50-mile radius of 51°00' N., 51°00' W., but high surface water temperatures appeared to leave little likelihood that there would be any drift south of 48°00' N. Two postseason aerial reconnaissance flights were made during the month. No known icebergs drifted south of 48°00' N. Limits of pack and berg ice were less than the average limits shown in the Ice Atlas of the Northern Hemisphere. AUGUST Although the southerly drift of most of the bergs reported in July had been halted, some bergs continued their southward movement in the Labrador Current. On August 6, one berg was sighted as far south as 49°32' N., 50°11' W. No sea ice was reported. Four postseason aerial reconnaissance flights were made during the month. SEPTEMBER Some bergs remained potential threats by continuing to move south- ward. On September 18, several bergs were reported at 49°00' N., 49°52' W. This slow southerly movement was completely halted before the end of the month. The last postseason aerial reconnais- sance flight of the year, on September 29, showed that there was no longer any ice below 50°00' N. There were 5 postseason aerial reconnaissance flights in September making a total of 11 such flights for the vear. OCTOBER-NOVEMBER-DECEMBER Icebergs continued to be reported in October, and one large berg was reported as far south as 50°17' N., 49°35' W. on the 22d. The last ice reported in 1952 was a berg in the Belle Isle Straits on 30 October. 12 59» 58° Sr 56» 55° 54° 53° . 52° 51° 50° 49? 48° 47° 46' 45° 44° 43° 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° FIGURE 1.— ICE CONDITIONS, FEBRUARY-MARCH. 1952, AND SURFACE ISOTHERMS FOR THE PERIOD 4-31 MARCH, 1952. 260173 O - 54 (Face p. 12) No. 1 icebergs drifted less than the a"' Hemisphere. On Juh^ 3, t of the Strait of remained in the Bergs continuec The most soutl 44024' w., am 45°21' W., on Current in pos drift to the nor eated a recurva of Flemish Cap. On July 28, a the Coast Guar observation fligl the Labrador C bergs and growl 51°00' W., but little likelihood Two postseas month. No kn pack and berg i Atlas of the No Although the had been haltec in the Labrador south as 49°32 postseason aeria Some bergs re ward. On Sept 49°52' W. Th before the end • sance flight of t longer any ice reconnaissance 1 for the year. Icebergs cont was reported as last ice reporte< October. 59° 58° Sr 56° 55° 54° ,53° 52° 51° 50° , ,^^° , , ,^° ^^° ^', „ ,^^° ^° 43' 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° FIGURE 2.- ICE CONDITIONS AND SURFACE ISOTHERMS FOR THE PERIOD 1-15 APRIL, 1952. FIGURES INDICATE DAY OF MONTH ICE WAS SIGHTED OR REPORTED. 260173 O - 54 (Face p. 12) No. 2 icebergs drifted less than the a Hemisphere. On Jdy 3, 1 of the Strait of remained in th< Bergs continuet The most sout] 44024' W., an( 45°2r W., on Current in poi drift to the noi cated a recurva of Flemish Cap On July 28, a the Coast Guai observation flig the Labrador C bergs and grow] sroo' W., but little likelihood Two postseas month. No kr pack and berg i Atlas of the Nc Although the had been halte in the Labradoi south as 49°32 postseason aerij Some bergs r( ward. On Sep 49°52' W. Tb before the end sance flight of 1 longer any ice reconnaissance for the year. Icebergs coni was reported &i last ice reporte October. 59° _,_5g° Sr 56° 55° ^ 54° ^ 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43' FIGURE 3.-ICE CONDITIONS AND SURFACE ISOTHERMS FOR THE PERIOD 16-30 APRIL, 1952. FIGURES INDICATE DAY OF MONTH ICE WAS SIGHTED OR REPORTED. 260173 O - 54 (Face p. 12) No. 3 iceberg less thj Hemisj On . of the I remain Bergs ( The m 44024' 45°21' Curren drift t( cated i of Fleii On J the Co observi the La bergs a 51°00' Httle H Two month pack a Atlas ( Alth had b( in the south postsei Som ward. 49°52' before sance i longer reconn for the Iceb was re last ic Octob( =f49° 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45°" "' 44° FIGURE 4.--ICE CONDITIONS AND SURFACE ISOTHERMS FOR THE PERIOD 1-15 MAY. 1952. FIGURES INDICATE DAY OF MONTH ICE WAS SIGHTED OR REPORTED. 260173 O - 54 (Face p. 12) No. 4 iceberg less th Hemis On of the remair Bergs The ir 44°24' 45°21' Currer drift t cated of Flei On. the C( observ the La bergs i 51°00' Httle 1 Twc month pack a Atlas I Altl had b in the south postse Son ward. 49°52' before sance longer reconr for th( Icel was r( last ic Octob 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° ^49° 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53°'" 52° 51°" " 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45°" 44° 43° FIGURE 5.-^ SURFACE ISOTHERMS FOR THE PERIOD 16-31 MAY, 1952. NO ICE WAS SIGHTED OR REPORTED WITHIN THE LIMITS OF THIS CHART DURING THE PERIOD. 2CU173 () - 54 (Faic- p. 12) No. 5 iceberg less th Hemis On of the remair Bergs The n 44024' 45°2r Currei drift t cated of Flei On. the C( observ the Ls bergs 1 51°00' Uttle 1 Twc month pack 8 Atlas ' Alt! had b in the south postse Son ward. 49°52' before sance longer reconi for th^ Icel was r< last i( Octob 59° 58' 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47 FIGURE 6.- SURFACE ISOTHERMS FOR THE PERIOD 1-15 JUNE, 1952. NO ICE WAS SIGHTED OR REPORTED WITHIN THE LIMITS OF THIS CHART DURING THE PERIOD. 260173 O - 54 (Face p. 12) No. iceb less Hen O of tl reni! Ber^ The 44°2 45°2 Cun drift cate( of Fl Oi tlie < obsei the ] bergs 51°0t httle Tv monl pack Atlas All had in th south posts Soi ward 49°52 befon sance longe; recon: for th Ice was r last i< Octol TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1952 Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description Jan. 17 ...do Jan. 20 ...ao Jan. 21 ...do Jan. 22 Jan. 30 ...do. -do. ...do. .do. -do. ...do. ...do. ...do. .do. -do. -do. -do. Feb. 2 Feb. 8 ..-do ..-do. ...do. Feb. Feb. 10 Feb. 11 .do-..-. ...do Feb. 22 Feb. 24 .do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... USCG aircraft. Hydro., Wash . .do... .do... U. S. C. O. cutter Mata- gorda. .do. . do- use Q aircraft. ...do. ...do- ...do- ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ..-do. ..-do- do. Sapho U. S. C. O. cutter Absecon do... -do. -do- U. S. C. O. cutter Camp- bell. ....do use a aircraft. do- do do P. A. A. aircraft. Ice Patrol plane . do.... do-... do.... do..-. Cumulus. 50 00 55 00 to 62 20 I 55 40 Area 1.50 miles south and south- east of Cape Farewell, Green- land. 38 25 37 30 52 57 52 57 52 58 52 53 52 50 52 10 59 00 59 30 53 06 to 52 58 52 54 to 52 04 52 02 52 05 to 51 30 I 52 00 to 25 I 51 30 51 51 30 51 06 { to 50 39 I to 50 30 I 52 13 to 49 55 I 52 15 to 49 36 I 52 48 to Cape Freels 52 13 52 14 51 48 51 44 51 57 51 24 51 40 51 18 51 35 52 03 51 34 50 00 55 10 53 32 53 34 54 02 53 21 53 43 52 55 52 48 52 05 53 10 52 44 52 00 49 03 I 51 45 thence westward 58 53 33 15 53 19 51 15 52 30 53 04 53 10 60 32 50 47 50 46 50 48 50 35 50 54 35 03 59 11 37 28 Cape Bonavista to 50 00 50 00 52 00 52 18 to 50 33 I 52 00 5 54 61 10 51 21 51 45 51 63 54 38 48 40 to 51 43 50 19 51 49 51 02 56 07 53 20 49 30 I 52 45 thence northerly 48 55 49 05 49 29 48 20 62 08 52 38 53 08 52 12 51 26 .33 03 Pack ice Ho coverage along track. Several bergs and growlers. Small berg. Do. Pack ice varying from drift ice to open pack 2 to 5 miles either side of track. Occasional cakes 30 to 50 feet diam- eter. Do. Limit of observed field ice. Limits of close pack ice with 10-mile margin of above consisting of brash, slush, and scattered floes. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Qrowler. Do. I Scattered floes and slush ice along irregular line. Berg with 2 summits about 170 feet high and 450 feet in length. Berg. ^Extensive field ice. Small berg. Do. Large berg. Do. Scattered patches of slush Ice. Limits of close pack ice with slush ice extending 20 miles south of line of ' close pack ice between longitudes 50° W and 51° W. Small berg. Large berg. Do. I Consolidated pack limit with isolated strings of slush forming 30 miles margin east of this line. Berg. Do. Small berg. Small growler. Large berg. 13 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1952— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Descriptiou Feb. 25 .do__... ...do ...do ...do .-.do-.__. __.do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do .-.do._._. ...do .._do.-._ ...do .__do.._-. Feb. 26 ...do.__._ ...do ...do Feb. 27 ...do Feb. 28 Feb. 29 Mar. 1 ...do....- Mar. 3 Mar. 4 Mar. 5 ..do. ..do. -.do. ...do. -do. ..do. .-do. -do- -do. ..do. ..do. .-do- .-do. ..do. ..do. ..do. Mar. 6 Mar. 7 ---do_.._. Mar. 10 -do. Ice patrol plane. do do do do do do do do.. do do do... -- do do... do do do Finn trader Aircraft Hydro., Wash Narsarssuak AFB. Narsarssuak AFB_ U. S. C. G. cutter Bara- U. S. C. G. cutter McCul- loch. Narsarssuak AFB Ice Patrol plane. do.... __ Narsarssuak AFB. Anguslake Ice Patrol plane. do do -.- do do do Ice Patrol plane... do.. do - do... do do do do do... do-- Narsarssuak AFB. Ice Patrol plane - .dO- Narsarssuak AFB, do Cape Bonavista to 49 00 I 52 00 to 51 20 I 52 00 thence northerly 48 38 48 44 48 51 49 11 49 59 50 22 50 36 51 05 51 29 48 25 50 10 50 14 50 50 50 54 51 05 51 10 48 16 49 13 52 52 47 42 47 35 52 38 52 33 52 33 52 11 52 53 53 27 53 32 53 55 52 41 52 48 53 30 52 12 53 40 53 10 51 21 53 40 50 16 52 10 39 28 50 59 50 52 51 20 49 07 45 05 61 00 Cape F'reels to Funk Island thence north- northwest. 48 38 48 55 49 48 50 21 60 33 51 42 51 48 51 49 51 50 51 58 52 03 52 04 52 08 52 08 52 10 53 00 52 28 54 55 54 47 54 45 55 25 55 30 55 22 55 18 55 28 55 16 55 24 55 10 55 33 55 20 49 55 53 00 to 49 30 I 53 00 49 30 I 53 10 to 50 20 53 10 Canadian Department of Transport. Northeast coast of Cape Breton Is- land Pack ice grades from slush on eastern edge to consolidated pack to west. Berg. Do. Berg (same as No. 34). Berg (same as No. 36). Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Growler. 2 growlers. Growler. Do. Do. Do. Do. 3 growlers. Berg. Long line of growlers. 6 large bergs seaward from BW-3, large bergs in fjord. 5 large bergs seaward from BW-3, small berg in BW-3 harbor. Large berg. Berg. 6 large bergs seaward from BW-3, '3 large bergs in fjord, 2 bergy bits and 2 growlers in harbor. String of slush, 1 mile long, 25 feet wide northeast to southwest. Radar target. Small scattered bergs within 25 miles of coast. 1 small berg and 1 growler in fjord. 4 bergy bits, 4 growlers, and small amount of brash in harbor. Drift ice. Loose strings pack ice with margin o close pack 30 miles to westward. Berg. Do. Do. Do. 3 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Numerous bergs and growlers seaward. Few growlers in fjord. 3 large bergs, 2 bergy bits and scattered growlers in BW-3 harbor. Open pack in loose strings. Eastern limit open pack ice. BW-3 harbor, 3 small bergs, 4 growlers. Close pack ice and 2 large bergs to sea ward of BW-3. 2 small bergs in fjord. 2 bergs, 4 growlers, large amount pack ice in harbor. Close pack from Cape North to Cape Morien. 14 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1952— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description Mar. 10 Mar. 12 Mar. 13 Mar. 15 Mar. 17 Mar. 18 ...do Mar. 19 ...do .do_ -do. .do. .do. .do. .do.. ...do.. ...do.. .do,. ...do.. .do. Mar. 20 ...do ...do. ...do .do ...do..... ...do..-.. Mar. 21 ...do .do. Mar. 22 ...do.... .do.... Mar. 24 ...do Canadian Department of Transport. Narsarssuak AFB. Strait of Canso, Northumber- land Strait and Chaleur Bay to Cape Qaspe. Fort Avalon Narsarssuak AFB. .do. OSV Baker Narsarssuak AFB. OSV Baker, --..do Ice Patrol plane. 50 36 50 35 55 20 55 20 .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Canadian Department of Transport. Narsarssuak AFB. 56 58 57 07 52 30 53 30 . 54 60 54 00 to 54 40 54 28 53 46 53 25 54 14 53 37 53 32 52 48 Gulf of St. Law- rence. 54 48 54 51 55 50 54 25 54 15 53 51 55 35 US.N aircraft Narsarssuak AFB. 58 45 Ice Patrol plane. East coast of New- foundland. do do do do OSV Baker U. S. N. S. Tonti. Narsarssuak AFB. 48 57 53 31 49 12 53 28 49 18 53 27 62 17 55 25 66 38 50 03 Cabot St rait.. .do. Anguslake U. S. N. LST 45 58 58 50 Cabot Strait U. S. C. G. LTS, Bona- vista, Newfoundland. OSV Baker. 50 06 Close pack limit with strings of drift ice between Fame Point and Anticosti Island and to northwest in River St. Lawrence. 6 large bergs and large amount open pack seaward of BW-3, ^io to Sjq pack ice coverage in fjord, BW-3 harbor few growlers. String ice. Seaward of BW-3 close pack ice, fjord completely covered, harbor ^io covered pack ice. Seav>ard of BW-3 close pack ice to limit of visibility. Harbor Via cov- ered pack ice. 1 small berg and growler. Pack ice, Xarsak to BW-3, seaward of BW-3, 7 large bergs, 5 small bergs, and open pack ice. Fjord and har- bor closed with pack ice. Small berg. Do. Limit of close pack ice, with consoli- dated pack close to land and 10-mile y margin of open pack eastward of close pack, strings and scattered floes 1 eastward of open pack to 54°10'W. ^About 30 bergs in area west of 55° 40' W. Large tabular berg. Do. Three grounded bergs near Spotted Island. Growler. Do. Do. Do. Close pack ice in Northumberland Strait and Strait of Canso. North and East edge of Gulf ice in a line from 10 mUes southeast .\mherst Island to St. Paul Island to Flint Island. Small isolated patch of ice 20 miles northeast St. Paul Island. BW-1 to BW-3 pack ice. fjord frozen lightly. Seaward BW-3, 25 large bergs, small amount brash, growlers, bergy bits, BW-3 harbor 4 growlers. Large berg. BW-1 to BW-3 ice 6 inches thick. Aerial report at 60°47' N 45°00' W, ice begins with large fingers to north clear for 10 miles to east of BW-3. Pack ice at mouth of Tunugdliarfik Fjord. Loose pack ice west of 53°00' W between 50°30' N. and 49°20' N. to coast. Close-loose pack ice west of 55°10' W. from 51°50' N. to 52°30' N. Several strings of scattered floes at 52°05' N., 53°35' W. Growler. Growler (aeroundK Do. Dn. Small berg. Ice patch H mile wide by 3 miles long, 130°, 41 miles from St. Paul Island. Ice extending westward from Cape Farewell to 46°30' W. Small ice at Narsak crossover. 25 bergs (large) and few bergy bits and growlers seaward of BW-3. 3 growlers in BW-3 harbor. Fjord Ho pack ice. Slush ice in water. Open field ice in a northwest-southeast line approximately 14 miles south- west of Cape Ray. Sea area to horizon covered with slush ice. Bonavista Bay area full of wind driven ice. Small berg with growler. 15 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1952— Continued No. 125 12fi 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 153 154 155 Date Mar. 24 --.do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... Mar. 26 -.do. ..-do..... Mar. 27 ...do-.... Name of vessel Narsarssuak AFB. Mar. 25 St. Paul Island radio . U. S. S. Cross..- . do do do Narsarssuak AFB. North latitude -do. .do- -.do.._ --do-.. Canadian Department of Transport. U.S.N. S. Short Splice.. - Anguslake U. S.N. S. Short Splice-.. 55 46 66 08 56 39 57 07 West longitude Canadian Department of Transport. ...do- do-... do— . do—- do.— do.... do- do—. ...do—. ...do..- Mar. 28 --.do-. -. do Narsarssuak AFB. / 48 25 I 64 25 to Miscou Island to 47 10 I 63 50 to 46 48 I 63 08 to 46 50 I 62 10 to 47 18 I 61 21 to 47 40 1 61 20 58 31 46 00 49 45 / 47 30 48 47 58 30 48 01 61 15 to 47 39 I 60 33 , to ( 46 39 I 58 45 to 46 26 I 59 02 to \ 46 30 59 18 lee Patrol plane. ...do. --do..... Mar. 31 -do .... 156 Apr. 1 157 -..do do - do do " do - - do do do """ do do ■ Anguslake U. S. N. S. Short Splice- - Narsarssuak AFB Cape Bonavista to 50 00 I 53 30 thence northwest to visibility OSV Baker - do- Narsarssuak AFB. OSV Bravo (Baker) 56 56 50 44 ---•do. 56 41 50 34 48 30 48 33 49 13 49 13 49 16 49 54 49 57 49 57 49 58 45 44 60 52 55 19 56 48 53 00 52 58 53 22 53 26 53 26 53 32 53 32 53 34 53 39 58 37 46 31 50 42 51 09 Description 49 49 49 49 49 22 49 25 Pack ice between BW-3 and Narsak Ice extends from BW-1 for 4 miles seaward of BW-3, 20 large bergs few growlers. Southeast to southwest loose packed ice. West close packed to horizon Small berg. Do. Large berg. Do. Narsak to BW-3 open pack ice. Sea- ward of BW-3, close pack ice. Light open pack ice at BW-1. Fast ice 3 to 4 inches thick. Sugar Loaf to dock. Northern and eastern limits of gulf ice > with open and close pack south and west of this limit and in Strait of Canso. Scattered small bergs. Extensive field ice. Widely scattered bergs. Outer limits of gulf ice with open and close pack ice inside this line to Cape Breton coast. Heavy drift from Cape Morien to 12 miles south Scatari Island. In Tunugdliarfik Fjord, pack ice from Narsak to BW-3 small amount ice at mouth of Brede Fjord. Pack ice 3 to 4 inches thick extending 6 to 7 miles from dock. BW-1 4 large bergs and small amount pack seaward. Limits of pack ice, loose pack to close pack. Limits all ice within line from 48°30' N. 53°00' W. to 48°40' N. 52°30' W., thence northwest through Funk Island. Strings of drift ice to 15 miles east of Cape Bonavista (easternmost ice). Berg (aground). Do. Growler. Do. Do. Berg. Do. Do. Large berg. Drift ice. Bredc Fjord ^1o bergs with growlers and pack Ice. BW-1 fjord, scattered Ice extending out 3 to 4 miles. Seaward of BW-3, 2 bergs small amount pack ice, Ho pack Ice in fjord. Large berg. Small berg and growlers. Seaward of BW-3, 5 large bergs, small amount of pack Ice. ^-io pack Ice In fjord. Small amount pack In harbor. Medium berg. Small berg with 1 huge growler and 1 large growler, 3,000 yards eastward. 16 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1952— Continued No. 158 Date Apr. 1 Name of vessel Canadian Department of Transport. 159 ...do Narsarssuak, AFB. North West latitude longitude Gulf of St. Law- rence. 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 ..do Apr. 2 ..do ...do .do.- Apr. 3 ...do Apr. 4 USMATS aircraft- OSV Bravo do-.- Narsarssuak AFB. Canadian Department of Transport. 51 20 56 47 56 35 57 00 51 25 51 27 Gulf of St. Law- rence. ..do Apr. 5 Apr. 6 Apr. 7 Narsarssuak AFB. OSV Bravo Narsarssuak AFB. Canadian Department of Transport. ..._do - Ice Patrol plane - 56 16 50 58 Gulf of St. Law- rence. do- Canadian Department of Transport. -do- 173 ---do- 174 175 176 177 178 .-do---- Apr. 8 ..-do...-. Apr. 9 ..-do- -do- Narsarssuak AFB. Descriptlon 50 15 ' 54 20 to 50 10 I 53 30 to 49 35 I 52 50 Gulf of St. Law- rence. St. Paul Island to 47 14 I 59 00 to 46 25 I 58 40 to 46 24 I 59 20 to 3 miles off Scatarl I. to 6 miles off Louisburg to Point Michaud. Northern limits Gulf ice from Shlp- pigan Island to North Point to East Point, Prince Edward Island to 47°20' N. 60°50' W. to St. Paul Island with open and close pack In- side this line to shore. Close pack along east coast Cape Breton Island. Open and close pack in Strait of Canso. Seaward of BW-3, 2 large bergs, small amount pack Ice. In fjord %o pack ice. In harbor 2 bergy bits, Ho pack ice. Berg. 2 growlers. Small berg. Seaward from BW-3 Mo pack ice. In fjord Mo pack ice near BW-3. In har- bor 1 growler and loose pack ice. Ice field near 49°20' N 61°.30' W. Outer limits ice off east coast of Cape Breton Island from St. Paul Island, to 46°35' N. 59° 19' W. to 46°34' N. 59° 14' W. to 46°05' N. 58°00' W. to 45°40' N. 59°20' W. to 45°45' N. 59°43' W. to east end Scatarl Island, with open and close pack ice inside this line. Scattered 9 growlers between BW-1 and Narsak. Seaward BW-3, 6 small bergs and small amount pack Ice. Pack ice in upper fjord. Small growler. In fjord scattered growlers and bergs and heavy ice. Seaward of BW-3 5 large bergs few growlers, small amount pack ice. Harbor clear. Quebec to Cape desR osiers; some scattered ice. Louisburg Harbor; ice V2 mile oflshore. Mo pack in Strait of Canso. Ice strip 8 miles long, 2 miles wide off Table- head, Anticosti Island. Outer limit pack ice with consolidated pack inside this line. Radar indi- cated pack within 20 miles north of ' Cape Bonavista. Occasional small pieces of ice less than 6 feet west of 52° W. and north of 50° 15' N. Approaches to Sydney harbor, close packed. Louisburg harbor and ap- proaches close packed. Sunavls..- do - OSV Bravo Narsarssuak AFB. Ice Patrol plane - 46 55 47 23 55 28 58 47 59 30 50 35 I Cape Free.ls to 50 08 I 53 08 thence west-north- west to limit of visibility. lOuter limits of Gulf ice. BW-1 harbor and fjord few scattered patches of ice and growlers. Seaward of BW-3, 15 large bergs, small amount of pack ice. BW-3 harbor, 5 growlers. Loose slush Ice. Northern edge of ice pack. Large growler. Patch ice and few growlers In BW-i harbor and fjord. ] Outer limits pack Ice with consoll- \ dated pack and occasional growlers inside this line. 17 No. 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 Date Apr. 199 200 201 202 203 204 .-do... -do... TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1952-Continued Name of vessel Ice Patrol plane. North latitude West longitude Labrador coast. Apr. 10 --do. ---do- -.do. .-do. .-do. .-do. ..do. --do-. -do-.. -do...- -..do... -..do... --.do... -do- Apr. 11 -.do. ---do-... ..-do.... ...do.-.. Apr. 12 ...do-.... .do. U. S. S. Lindenwald .--do '. Ice Patrol plane. -do. do do do --..do -—do ---do Narsarssuak AFB- 47 00 46 36 53 30 U. S. N. S. WOliam J. O'Brien. U. S. C. G. cutter Coos Bay. --.-do do. 50 08 48 35 55 00 55 25 56 16 57 28 56 46 53 08 53 00 55 45 56 30 51 37 49 50 49 18 Cabot Strait - 56 16 57 02 56 46 OSV Bravo--. --!;]--^\" 56 14 Canadian Department of Transport. .do Narsarssuak AFB. 51 37 49 58 49 18 51 25 ^Point Michaud to ISmilesoflGuion Island to 6 miles oS Louisburg to 46 16 I 59 03 to 46 05 I 58 27 to 46 11 I 58 10 to 47 00 I 48 45 to \ 48 10 I 61 20 'Point Michaud to 15 miles oflQuion Island to 46 16 I 59 03 to 46 05 I 58 27 to 47 49 I 60 10 to 48 24 61 32 OSV Bravo--- Aircraft Manchester merchant OSV Bravo Stavangerfjord Canadian Department of Transport. 56 09 55 47 47 30 47 .30 59 15 47 40 59 25 55 57 50 49 45 16 59 48 48 08 61 10 48 10 I 60 42 to 47 52 I 60 03 Description 58 56 58 34 55 40 to 54 25 I 53 40 to 55 40 I 55 40 thence northwest Cape Freels to 49 30 I 53 00 to 50 03 I 52 35 to East coast Cape Bauld, scattered strings. 3 growlers in south pass. Strait of Belle Isle. Eastern limit Labrador pack from 51°45' .V 56°00' W. estimated to Belle Isle to 53°30' N. 54°40' W. thence northeast to visi- bility limit with consolidated pack mside this line, -\bout 25 bergs and growlers in pack between Belle Isle and 53°30' N. all west of 55°00' W 9 large bergs and 12 growlers within 10-mile radius of 54°00' N. 54°45' W. About 50 bergs and growlers between 53°30' N. 54°10' N., west of 55°00' W. Small ice floe. Do. Outer edge Labrador pack. Eastern limits of Newfoundland pack. 2 bergs. 5 bergs and 3 growlers. 2 bergs. Berg. Do. 2 growlers. BW-1 harbor, pan ice and 2 small bergs. Ice 6 to 7 inches from Narsak to BW-3. Small amount pack ice in BW-3 harbor. Large field of ice bearing 205° from Cape Ray distance 10 miles Berg. Do. 2 growlers. Berg. Outer limits of gulf ice. Do. Between BW-1 and BW-3, few scat- tered bergs and patch ice. Seaward of BW-3, 5 large bergs, small amount pack ice. In fjord 3 large bergs and small amount pack ice. Berg with 6 growlers, broken away from berg. Large berg. •Eastern limit of ice. Berg. Field ice. •Northern limits of gulf ice. 18 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1952— Continued No. 206 207 Name ot vessel Apr. 12 Cahadian Department of Transport. Apr. 13 ..do ...do.. .. 209 210 211 212 213 214 216 .do. .do- .do. ..do Apr. 14 ...do ...do ...do....- .do. 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 234 235 236 237 238 239 OSV Bravo.. U. S. C. a. cutter Mata- gorda. ....do Canadian Department of Transport. North latitude West longitude Cabot Strait. 55 59 56 49 51 08 42 14 ....do.... Gardenia. Anguslake Gardenia - U. S. C. Q. LTS Bona- vista, Newfoundland. OSV Bravo.. 54 24 44 22 St. Paul Island to 40 55 I 60 00 to 46 21 I 58 04 to 46 00 I 58 45 to 46 00 I 59 30 to 45 44 I 59 30 to 45 42 I 59 50 to Scatari Island to Cape Percy Cabot Strait 45 39 59 25 Ice Patrol plane. .do. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ..do ..do ...do do— - do ...do-.... ..do ..do....- ..do ..do ..do ....do .-.- ....do ....do-... -- ....do ....do ....do ....do ...-do ....do ....do.. ....do --..do do. Gardenia Narsarssuak AFB. 45 42 57 44 45 47 59 13 Cape Bonavista... 55 57 I 51 27 fCape Bonavista to 1 48 20 I 52 30 to 49 15 I 52 15 thence northwest 53 10 I 55 00 to 53 15 I 54 30 to 52 20 I 53 45 to 53 20 I 53 50 to 53 40 I 53 28 to 54 48 I 54 32 to 55 05 I 56 50 thence north- northwest 48 30 1 53 00 .-do..... Apr. 15 ...do....- ...do..... ...do..... ...do.... ...do. Canadian Department of Transport. Ice Patrol plane do. do do U. S. C. Q. cutter Casco. 48 50 48 52 49 00 49 05 52 42 53 37 54 25 55 00 55 05 55 15 55 20 48 58 45 38 Description Ice about 10 miles oft east coast Cape Breton, extending to 40 miles south of Scatari Island. Berg. Berg, 20 feet high, 60 feet long. Berg, 40 feet high, 80 feet long. Outer limits of gulf ice. Loose drift, 20 miles, north of St. Paul Island. Strings and patches dangerous to navi- gation. Loose string of field ice. Edge of field ice. Drift ice to limit of 10-mile visibility. Berg. ^Limits of Newfoundland field ice. 52 48 52 20 52 53 52 30 54 05 54 57 55 00 56 45 57 48 57 25 56 30 52 30 56 06 .do. 240 241 ...do.... --do--- 47 30 48 18 48 20 48 35 48 42 45 50 58 35 59 40 51 55 52 58 52 30 51 45 58 30 45 35 OSV Bravo 56 07 51 34 U. S. C. G. LTS, Bona- Cape Bonavista--. vista, ''Newfoundland. I 19 Limits of Labrador pack ice. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Growler and berg. 3 bergs. 14 bergs within 25 mile radius. 8 bergs. 3 bergs. 18 bergs. Berg. Growler. Edge of ice field. , ^ , Few growlers, bergs and little patches oTice in B\V-1 fjord. Few scattered bergs in Tunugdharflk Fjord. 2 large bergs, 1 small berg, seaward of BW-3. 2 small bergs and ■Jio open pack ice in BW-3 fjord. Loose drift ice. 2 growlers. Growler (same as no. 218). Growler (same as no. 219). Approximate southeast limit of field Loosely packed pancake ice with some small growlers. Berg. Field ice to horizon. No. 242 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1952-ConHnued Date Apr. IS 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 267 243 __.do._ -do..... Name of vessel U. S. C. G. aircraft. Narsarssuak AFB. North latitude West longitude Description Apr. 16 --do..... --do ..do Apr. 17 Canadian Department of Transport. OSV Bravo. U. S. C. Q. LTS, Bona- vista, Newfoundland. Narsarssuak AFB 49 65 54 00 to 49 55 I 54 20 to Cape Bauld 208 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 ...do..-- -.-do.... ---do-... .-.do-..- --.do.-. -.-do.... ...do.... -.-do...- ---do...- -..do.... ...do.... -..do--, -.-do-... ...do Apr. 18 —do..... ...do-... Apr. 19 Canadian Department of Transport. Ice Patrol plane - ( St. Paul Island to 46 55 I 60 00 to 46 21 I 58 05 to 46 20 I 58 00 to 45 40 I 58 00 to vicinity . Guion Island 56 10 I 51 46 Cape Bonavista... I 45 46 49 20 48 55 ' 48 55 ...do .do. .do. -do- -do- -do- -do. -do. -do. .do. .do. -do. -do- U. S. C. G. LTS, Bona- vista, Newfoundland. OSV Bravo. U. S. C. G. LTS. Bona- vista, Newfoundland. OSV Bravo Narsarssuak AFB.._ OSV Bravo - lee Patrol piano St. Paul Island to 46 30 I 59 10 to 46 20 I 57 45 to I 57 40 I 52 55 to I 52 55 to I 51 35 to I 52 05 to 52 58 52 58 53 00 51 43 52 22 53 00 53 08 S3 20 52 20 51 55 52 10 52 56 52 03 Cape Bonavista 55 55 I 52 09 Cape Bonavista- 48 05 48 05 48 18 48 21 48 28 48 28 48 48 48 15 48 18 48 25 48 35 48 40 48 47 48 56 55 36 51 55 ..do- ..do- ..do. .do. .-do- ..do. ..do. Apr. 20 Apr. 21 .-do---.. do- do "" " do- do - .- do — do -;!!!-"; Canadian Department of Transport. OSV Bravo-- . ...do -.::: ■ Narsarssuak AFB_ 55 20 51 51 / Baocalieu Island to 48 15 I 52 00 to 48 45 I 51 05 to 49 05 1 51 40 to 49 05 I 52 40 thence northwest Eastern limit Newfoundland pack North paEs Belle Isle Strait closed with consolidated pack ice. ^^^J^H^^'^^^ ''^'■SS and growlers in BW-l fjord. Outer edge loose drift ice. Berg. Broken patches field ice. Small amount of ice in BW-l fjord. Outer limits of Cabot Strait ice. Outer limits pack ice, consolidated pack north and west of Cape Bona- vista, grading to open pack southeast of Cape Bonavista. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. 3 growlers. Growler. 2 growlers. Growler. 3 growlers. Growler. Do. Broken field ice Cape Bonavista area. 48 20 48 33 48 36 48 38 48 44 48 54 Cabot Strait- 52 30 51 52 51 .35 51 15 51 32 51 43 55 29 55 52 51 12 51 12 Broken field ice. Large growler Few scattered bergs and growlers In BW-] fjord. 3 large bergs with large amount open pack seaward of BW-3. 1 small berg, small amount pack ice in BW-3 fjord. Growler. >Outer limits Newfoundland pack ice. 5 bergs. Berg. Do. 2 growlers. 3 bergs and 1 growler. Berg. Scattered Ice along the east coast of Cape Breton, from St. Paul Island to Scatarl Island. Berg. Berg broken into numerous small pieces. Few scattered growlers and bergs in BW-3 fjord. 20 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1952— Continued Apr. 21 Apr. 22 ...do...-. .do. .do. do. ...do. ...do ...do. ...do. ...do ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do ...do. ...do. ...do. ..do ...do ... Apr. 23 ...do..... Apr. 24 .do. ...do..... ...do..... Apr. 25 ...do..... ..do .-do..... ..do..... ..do--..- ..do...-. .-do .-do ..do----. ..do.--.. ...do.--.. ...do.--.. ...do---.. ...do.-.- ...do..... ...do..... ...do ...do... ...do-... ...do.-., -..do... -..do.... Apr. 26 Name of vessel North latitude Canadian Department of Transport. OSV Bravo.- U. S. C. O. cutter Ever- green. do West longitude Cabot Strait 5« 59 49 24 ...-do-.- 49 12 Anguslake 46 30 U. S. C. Q. cutter Ever- green. lee Patrol planc- 49 24 ...-do ...-do--- _- ...-do --.-do -..-do ....do -- ...-do ...do ...do ...do ...do Canadian Department of Transport. -...do-- -. Trollafoss Cap Fagnet--- Canadian Department of Transport. Narsarssuak .\FB Canadian Department of Transport. OSV Bravo. do. do- Narsarssuak AFB- Ice Patrol plane - ...-do ...do do _ ...-do ....do... do do- do do do do do.... do... do do. do... do do... do- do OSV Bravo 50 54 50 30 50 54 59 45 50 41 Baccalieu Island to 48 10 I 52 00 to 49 10 1 50 20 to 49 10 I 51 30 thence northwest 48 06 ' 52 24 48 08 48 10 48 15 48 17 48 20 48 22 48 23 48 25 48 50 48 53 46 30 46 25 48 50 48 20 52 25 52 27 52 27 .52 19 52 12 52 02 51 59 52 20 50 35 .50 42 .59 45 59 28 50 09 52 00 Cabot Strait - Gulf of St. Law- rence. 56 58 56 52 48 58 48 55 47 55 51 40 48 05 51 35 48 15 51 45 48 15 52 02 48 .30 52 05 48 30 .52 35 48 .30 ,53 00 48 40 51 35 48 45 49 15 48 48 ,53 09 48 50 .50 30 49 15 .50 55 49 20 ,53 20 49 30 ,53 40 49 35 ,53 15 49 37 52 35 49 40 51 .50 49 55 53 52 49 56 53 08 .50 10 .52 28 ,50 30 52 30 56 48 48 54 Description Scattered strings and patches extend 30 miles offshore between Cape North and Ingonish and 10 to 15 miles ofT- shore between Scatarl and Esprit. Growler, 7 feet high, 20 feet long. 2 small bergs. Passed through 10 miles scattered field ice on south-southwest course. 2 small bergs. Approximate center strong of ice 8 to 10 miles wide, 20 miles long running north-northwest to south-southeast. Extensive field ice, lying west of line bearing 203°. iLimits Newfoundland i)ack. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Berg (same as no. 271). Berg. Do. Berg (same as no. 270). Growler. Do. String of field ice 10 to 20 miles extend- ing north -northwest and south- southeast. Loose ice. Berg. Broken ice accompanied by big berg. Few scattered strings, 4 miles ofl Guion Lsland. Seaward of BW-3, Ho pack ice. In fjord Mo pack ice, few large bergs. In BW-3 harbor, 3 bergy bits, 7 growlers. Western edge of ice in .Northumberland Strait, in a line from Cape Jouriman to Egmont Bay with all ice moving East. Growler, 7 feet high, 50 feet long. Berg, 40 feet high, 150 feet long. Berg. Seaward of BW-3, 23 large bergs, Ho pack ice. In BW-3 fjord. Mo pack ice. In BW-3 harbor, 2 bergy bits, small amount pack ice moving into harbor. 2 growlers. Berg and 2 growlers. Berg and 4 growlers. Berg. Berg and 5 growlers. Berg and 2 growlers. Growler. 3 growlers. Do. Growler. Berg and 3 growlers. Growler. 3 bergs and 2 growlers. 2 bergs and 4 growlers. 10 growlers. 3 bergs. 3 growlers. Growler. Berg. Growler. Do. Berg split into 2 pieces and numerous growlers. 21 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1952— Continued No. 331 Date Name of vessel Apr. 26 -do. -.do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. --do. -.do- ..do. ..do. -.do. .-do- --do. ..do.. Apr. 27 --do..... ..do.. .. ..do...-. ..do..... ..do..... ...do. Apr. 28 .do. -do. Narsarssuak AFB. Ice Patrol plane. do do do do do do do do do do do.... do do do do do do do .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. -do- .do. .do. .do. .do. Canadian Department of Transport. Ryholm ---.do . OSV Bravo do.... Ryholm.. Imperial Goderich. Canadian Department of Transport. Aircraft... Anguslake Uruguay.. North latitude West longitude Cape Freels to 48 20 I 52 00 to 48 37 I 51 28 to 48 25 I 51 10 to 48 05 I 51 40 to 48 00 I 49 00 to 48 40 I 49 00 to 50 00 I to 50 20 I 52 30 51 55 I 52 00 thence north- westward 47 59 48 00 48 10 48 18 48 22 48 36 48 38 48 50 Area 51 57 52 20 51 33 51 33 50 53 50 37 50 16 50 07 within 10 milos east and north of Cape Freels. 10 mUes southeast Cape Fogo. 49 53 .53 52 50 12 51 55 50 37 52 00 50 43 52 .54 50 57 54 11 51 05 52 15 51 09 54 16 51 23 54 14 51 37 ,54 15 51 54 54 18 51 55 52 02 52 12 52 55 52 14 53 21 Gulf of St. Law- rence. 48 17 48 18 56 29 56 29 48 09 46 30 48 44 48 56 51 00 51 13 49 04 59 33 Cabot Strait. 46 20 48 25 58 11 49 15 Description Seaward of BW-3, 10 bergs (large), 15 small bergs, large amount of pack ice BW-3 harbor. 2 bergy bits, 4 growlers, Mo pack ice. Outer limits of Newfoundland pack ice, with consolidated pack south of 50°00' N. and west of 52°00' W. Loose strings east of 52°00' W. Open pack north of 50°00' -V. and west of .54°00' W. Loose strings east of 54°00' W. J 2 bergs and 5 growlers. 4 growlers. Do. 2 growlers. Growler. Do. 4 growlers. Growler. 6 growlers. 5 growlers. 3 growlers. Berg. 6 growlers. Growler. 2 growlers. Growler. 3 growlers. 5 growlers. Growler. 2 bergs and growler. 2 growlerr. 2 bergs and 3 growlers. 4 bergs and growler. Patch of soft ice in vicinity Cape North and Scatari Island. String 8 miles long at 46°00' N. and 58°36' W. Con- siderable loose ice in Northumber- land Strait and Strait of Canso. Growler. Several small growlers. Large growler. Small growler. Do. String of loose drift ice approximately 1 mile wide extending northwest- soutlieast to limit of visibility. String of loose drift ice 1 mile wide at 46°30' N. 59°33' W. extending north- west-southeast to visual limits (same as No. 362). In 50-square-mile area, 5 medium-sized bergs in line generally northwest- southeast on east side of large area scattered pack. Loose ice north to visual limits and 5 miles south. Several growlers and large area of field and pack ice covering an area of ap- proximately 10 square mUes. Many outlying smaller growlers. 22 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1952— Continued No. 367 Apr. 28 369 370 .do- ..do. ..do- 371 _.-do- 372 ...do.- Name of vessel Oslo Fjord - .do. Ice Patrol plane .do- North latitude West longitude Description 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 Apr. 29 ..do ...do do ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. -do. .do. Canadian Department of Transport. Aircraft (MO 409) do. do... ---■ Ice Patrol plane ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do., ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do- ...do. ...do. Apr. 30 May 1 May 2 ..do ..do. 400 ...do. 401 402 ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do- ...do- ...do. 47 46 and 04 50 48 47 48 47 47 Cape St. Francis to 47 45 50 30 50 45 to 51 00 and 52 20 Cabot Strait. 52 15 51 30 52 20 51 30 52 30 1 51 30 Newfoundland .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do- 45 47 48 55 57 57 47 55 and 48 10 Oklahoma. 48 48 48 I 47 ....do Narsarssuak AFB. MakefjelL. Canadian Department of Transport. Roomagbead Narsarssuak AFB 50 55 and 52 30 47 50 49 47 48 47 52 52 49 48 47 48 48 03 48 35 15 01 20 45 Numerous growlers and small bergs and area of field ice. Field of broken ice and growlers in triangle. Line of bergs and growlers in a general east and west line; patches of pack ice. Patch of closed pack ice 10 miles in diameter with 4 growlers on east and north edge, loose string extending to east [Rectangle with 8 bergs and 15 growlers I e.xtending generally east-west. Small ice pack off Flint Island. Loose ice near 46° 20' N. 58°11' W. Berg. Do. Do. Close pack ice appeared to extend from Cape Bonavista eastward with loose strings to 40°30' N. 51°30' W. to 47°50' N. 49°45' W. to 47°50' N. 48°10' W. thence northwestward. Small berg. 5 growlers within 5 miles. Growler. 4 growlers. Small berg. Patch of close pack 5 miles in diameter with loose strings extending to east- ward. U bergs and 16 growlers within rectangle. Growler. Berg and growler. Growler. Do. Berg. Do. 1 Several large growlers and loose pieces I of ice. Large growler. Seaward of BW-3 Vio pack ice, few large bergs. BW-3 fjord Mo pack ice. BW-3 harbor 37 growlers, scattered brash. Small berg. Patches of scattered ice. 48 27 Elysia Hydro., Wash. Ice Patrol Plane. .do. .do. .do. 47 58 I 49 35 Greenland area Cape St. Charles to Cape Fogo. 52 20 I 54 20 to 51 00 I 53 20 to 60 40 I 54 40 to 50 20 I 54 30 to 50 25 I 63 50 thence southwest- ward Strait of Belle Isle. 15 miles east Cape Fogo. 3 small growlers. , Seaward of BW-3, close pack ice to horizon, few small bergs. BW-3 fjord %o pack ice. BW-3 harbor, 1 bergy bit, Mo pack ice. Growler. Vast concentrations ice at Melville Bay and Cape York. ,.j ^ . Field ice not heavily consolidated ex- tended in band ofi coast about 35 mUes from shore. (Extreme eastern limits of open pack. Clear of ice except for 25 bergs at east entrance and pack ice and many bergs extending 70 miles to eastward. 3 bergs and 3 growlers. 23 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1952— ConHnoed No. 404 405 406 407 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 I>ate Name of vessel May 1 . Ice Patrol Plane. -do do_ -do do- -do do- -do do. -do. .-do. ..do. -.do.... ..do.... ..do...- .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. May 3- -.do... 447 448 449 .--do., -..do... ...do... ..do... ..do... ...do... .-do... ..do... ..do... ..do... ..do... ..do... ..do... -do... ..do... May 4. ..do... May 5... .do... .do... -do... .do... .do... .do... .do... ...do May 6 May 8 .do. .do. .do. .-..do. ....do. ....do. .do. .do. .do. -do. Aircraft (PHTDL). Narsarssuak AFB.. OSV Brave. Terr Head. Agne.- Ice Patrol plane do do do do... " ....do- ....do ....do ....do "' ....do ....do-..- ' ....do..- " ....do '....... Canadian Department of Transport. OSV Bravo Krageholm U. S. C. G. cutter East- wind. Sommen . — .do.... ....do.... ....do.... -...do.-.. ....do.... .-..do.... Narsarssuak AFB. North latitude West I longitude! Description Within 10 miles of Cape Fogo. 49 50 ! 54 30 49 50 55 20 49 53 53 40 50 10 53 50 '50 00 54 40 to 50 00 i 55 10 to 51 35 I 55 25 to 51 35 50 35 50 55 51 10 51 30 51 45 51 55 54 50 54 05 54 15 54 00 53 22 53 55 54 05 and to and 51 35 I 54 20 Southeast entrance Strait of Belle Isle. Northeast entrance Straitof Belle Isle. 52 04 53 26 49 27 51 30 9 bergs. 15 bergs within 15-mile radius 4 large bergs within 10 miles. 2 bergs and 4 growlers within 5 miles 1 berg and 2 growlers. ./O bergs and many growlers in this rectangle. 2 growlers. 12 bergs and many growlers within lo miles. 6 bergs and 10 growlers within 10 miles 4 growlers. 6 growlers within 10 miles. ^65 bergs and many growlers within these limits. 15 bergs. 10 bergs. 56 20 50 50 47 56 48 15 and to and 47 58 48 30 47 57 47 59 48 05 48 05 48 17 48 28 48 35 48 35 48 40 48 41 48 43 48 48 48 49 Cabot Strait. 48 28 48 40 .52 35 52 40 49 12 49 28 52 40 49 31 49 45 52 30 51 21 52 13 51 45 52 04 52 40 56 38 I 51 43 Cabot Strait Strait of Belle Isle.. 48 34 48 43 48 47 48 57 48 55 49 02 49 04 U.S.C.a. cutter Eastwind Narsarssuak AFB 52 46 52 46 52 52 52 47 53 04 53 10 53 16 Belle Isle to 53 15 52 30 2 bergs. Seaward BW-3, loose pack to horizon 9 small bergs, 4 growlers. BW-3 fjord, ?io open pack. BW-3 harbor ^-io pack, 1 growler. Large berg. •6 growlers within these limits. Berg. Do. Do. 3 small growlers. Growler. Do. Berg. Do. Growler. Berg and 2 growlers. Berg and growler. Growler. Berg. Do. Ice strings 5 miles southwest St. Paul Island. Berg. Very small growler, 10 miles 060° from Cape North. Belle Isle to 40 miles northeast 9^o in- creasing to ^-io coverage broken floes with scattered bergs. 64 bergs counted. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Berg with several bergs and growlers north Qf this position. BW-1 fjord, few scattered bergs. Sea- ward. BW-3, pack ice within range of visibility. BW-3 harbor, 5io scat- tered pack. ! Close pack %o coverage, many bergs e.xtend in northeasterly direction from Belle Isle, to 115 miles east of Seal Islands, Labrador. BW-1 fjord, few scattered bergs. BW-3 fjord, large amount pack ice. BW-3 harbor, 1 berg, 6 growlers, Mo pack ice. 24 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1952— Continued No. 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 Date May 9 ..do— -. ..do—.. ..do-... May 10 May 12 May 13 ...do.... ...do.... ...do.... Name of vessel North latitude Belfri. OSV Bravo Narsarssuak A FB Canadian Department of Transport. Birmingham City. Narsarssuak AFB. Ice Patrol plane. do .- do do... May 14 461 ...do- 462 463 464 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 ...do. .do. .do. ..do.-..- May 15 May 16 ...do..... ...do.... ...do. ...do. ...do. Cape Bonavista-. USN Aircraft..— 48 18 | 52 12 ' Cape Bauld to r T. . . , , 51 45 I 55 04 Ice Patrol plane... -.!'| thence north- northeast, do. West longitude 48 07 47 41 to 48 00 57 24 45 34 48 38 48 39 48 45 47 08 51 55 Description 52 21 52 05 52 56 49 40 do 49 58 do 51 57 Narsarssuak AFB. .do. Canadian Department of Transport. Narsarssuak AFB Ice Patrol plane. .do. ..do.. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. -.do. ..do. ...do. .do. .do. .do. .do. 54 40 54 51 55 06 Gulf of St. Law- rence. East coast of New- foundland. 48 25 I 52 56 Capo Bonavista.. - East coast of New- foundland. .do- do Cape Bonavista... |[_(Jo Bonavista Bay _do- ..-_do. ..-.do. May 17 ...do May 19 ...do.... .do. .do- .do. _do. .do. .do. Narsarssuak AFB. Cape Freels- I Notre Dame Bay. Fogo Island White Bay- Belle Isle.. Strait of Belle Isle. ...-do ■ Cape Bauld to 51 40 I 53 50 to 52 15 I 53 50 [ to Belle Isle Strait of Belle Isle. Ice Patrol plane. 260173—34 3 51 20 55 30 to 52 00 I 52 30 to 54 30 I 52 40 to 55 00 I 56 00 , thence northwest 25 Edge of radar ice. Large berg. BW-1 harbor; few scattered bergs. Field of heavy ice, approximately 15 miles long, 3 miles wide, extending from Amet Sound to Pictou Island. Radar targets suspected to be ice. Seaward of BW-3, Mo pack ice. BW- fjord, Mo pack ice. BW-3 harbor, 4 growlers, very small amount brash. Growler. Do. 2 growlers. Several growlers on beach near Cata* lina Harbor. Growler. Limit of close pack, with many bergs and growlers inside ice limit. 3 bergs and 2 growlers on beach within 6 miles. 3 growlers within 4 miles. Very broad, long, low berg, H mile by li mile and 40 feet high. Seaward of BW-3, Mo pack ice. BW-3 fjord, Mo pack ice. BW-3 harbor, small amount pack ice. Few scattered patches of ice in BW-1 fjord. Strip of ice along coast in Northumber« land Strait. BW-1 fjord, few scattered patches. Seawardof BW-3, Mo pack ice. BW-3 fjord, 1 small berg. Mo pack ice. BW-3 harbor. Mo pack ice. 4 bergs, 7 growlers extending alongshore on north shore of Trinity Bay. Berg. Berg and 2 growlers. Approximately 45 bergs and many growlers extending from shore, 15 miles north of Fogo Island to 12 miles east Cape Freels. Limit of pack extends along south shore of Strait of Belle Isle to Cape Nor- man, thence to 5 miles south of Belle Isle thence northeast. Head of White Bay filled with open pack. Berg, 5 miles to North. Berg and 2 growlers along north shore. 9 bergs and many growlers within 10 miles. 8 bergs along south shore. Approximately 12 bergs and many growlers within 10 miles north. 9 bergs and many growlers. 20 bergs along coast from Groas Island Island to Cape Bauld. 55 bergs and many growlers in eastern entrance. 14 bergs and many growlers. is bergs and 16 growlers within these I limits. Many bergs and growlers In pack lee north and west of a line ruimmg northeastward from Belle Isle. BW-1 fjord, few scattered bergs. Sea- ward of BW-3, Mo close pack ice. BW-3 fjord. Mo pack ice. BW-3 har- bor. Mo pack ice. lOuter limits of pack ice. No. 487 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 612 613 614 615 616 617 518 619 620 499 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 507 608 509 610 611 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1952— Conitnucd Date May 19 .do- -do. Name of vessel Ice Patrol Plane. .do. North latitude West longitude -do. May 20 May 21 May 22 May 23 ..do ..do Narsarssuak AFB_ do Umanak. Ice Patrol plane . ....do..... do._ Strait of Belle Isle / 51 45 I 53 30 to 52 30 I 53 30 to 53 00 I 55 00 to 53 50 I 55 20 Labrador coast ...do.... May 24 ...do ..do ..do.—. do Narsarssuak AFB. V. S. C. O. Cutter Half Moon 58 38 43 40 Notre Dame Bay. Cape St. John White Bay... 21 miles oflshore and extending from 51 25 I 57 30 to 50 50 58 40 .do. .do. .do. -do- ..do. ..do- ..do. ..do. -do. .do. .do. ...do. Ice Patrol plane. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ( 52 30 51 40 to 53 15 I 51 40 / 51 20 I 55 30 to 51 30 i 54 30 to 52 05 I 54 20 to 51 30 I 53 50 to 52 20 I 53 24 to 53 00 I 51 30 Cape Freels Cape St. John. Bell Island White Bay to Cape Bauld. Oroas Island 51 18 I 54 50 Cape Bauld .do. .do. ..do. ..do. -do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do- .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Between Cape Bauld, Belle Isle and Cape Nor- man. Strait of Belle Isle. ....do 51 34 I Belle Ijle. 54 00 North of 52°00' N. andweitof54°00' W. 52 20 52 28 52 30 52 42 52 47 62 50 62 54 62 55 51 30 53 21 53 38 52 02 53 35 63 15 53 60 52 25 Description Blocked with close pack. This is a lane of open water. Ice to west of this lane and south of 54°00' N., is heavy consolidated pack, con- , taming about 75 bergs and many ' growlers. Ice to east of this lane and south of 54°00' N., grades from slush on eastern edge to close pack and contains about 30 bergs. Between 54°00' N. and 55°00' N. pack contains about 70 bergs and is con- solidated west of 54°30' W. Some leads e.xtend 30 miles toward Lab- rador coast from northeastern edge. BW-l fjord, few scattered bergs Seaward of BW-3, Ho pack ice, few small bergs. BW-3 fjord, 51 o open pack ice. BW-3 harbor, small amount of brash. Polar ice. Scattered heavy pieces and strings of field ice western part. 5 bergs in bay. Widely scattered heavy pieces of ice. Loose to close pack heavy field ice. Some large pans and heavy floes. 10 bergs along coast. Large field very open ice, except for strings in passage containing some very heavy pieces and pans. Seaward BW-3, 12 small bergs, ?-f o open pack ice. BW-3 fjord, Mo open pack ice. BW-3 harbor, very small amount of scattered brash. 2 bergs and considerable pack ice. Limit of pack ice. Pack is consolidated , for about 40 miles off coast of Lab- rador. Easternmost pack ice is large strings of drift ice. From 10 miles north to 10 miles east, 25 bergs and many growlers. 3 bergs, aground. 4 bergs, 6 growlers, aground along east coast. Many bergs and growlers along north shore. 4 bergs along east coast. Growler. From Cape Bauld to 20 miles east, 14 bergs and many growlers. 20 bergs and many growlers. 10 bergs and many growlers. 10 bergs and many growlers in northeast entrance. 2 growlers. 10 bergs and many growlers within 15 miles to east. Many bergs and growlers in pack ice. Berg and growler. Berg. Large berg. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. 26 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1952— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description May 25 May 26 .do. _do. Ice Patrol Plane. ....do Hamilton Inlet to 64°00' N. Baffin Bay Aircraft Narsarssuak AFB. 51 10 I 55 40 to 51 00 I 55 00 to 52 10 53 20 .do. May 28 May 29 ..do ..do May 31 June 1 .-do ..do-.... ...do— .. ..do.... ..do.... -.do--. Nikos- USM ATS aircraft do do U. S. Army vessel LT 136. U. S. N. vessel Caxton do do do do do ..do. ..do. ..do- --do. -do. ..do. ..do- .do .do .do-... .do -do —do June 3 -.do —do ...do -.do —do June 4 —do ...do June 5 ...do ..do.. ..do ...do. ...do. .do. 567 1 June 6 .do. .do- .do- U. S. A. F. aircraft. Ice Patrol plane -do. .do- -..do- ..-do- ...do_ ...do- ...do- do Hydro. Wash do - do Aircraft do U. S. N. vessel - do Aircraft Royal Dutch Airlines plane. PATRON 23 -do. Caxton. ....do.. do do do TCA plane. Between Island Freels. 59 10 59 08 68 57 81 26 50 19 48 50 49 11 49 18 49 21 49 22 49 24 Peckford and Cape 42 40 43 50 44 48 54 01 53 12 52 45 53 18 53 16 53 26 53 36 53 44 Vicinity Fogo Is- land. .do. -do. 48 10 I 53 30 Hare Bay, New- foundland to 52 30 I 52 40 thence north Trinity Bay to Cape Bonavista. Cape Freels to Fogo Island. 50 00 51 42 61 50 52 08 62 20 52 26 61 30 61 23 51 35 60 10 54 00 50 40 51 30 51 30 51 40 62 43 54 00 53 18 53 50 63 03 Fogo Island. 53 00 53 00 60 49 64 35 64 64 54 48 42 00 66 10 Hopesdale Harbor. I Tumavik Island to Grey Island. 49 34 49 41 49 58 49 69 49 56 49 10 55 05 64 50 64 06 63 60 63 45 53 39 Report of ice of Bafdnland and Labra- dor coast. Report of ice of Bafflnland coast to Cape York, Greenland. Southern limit of pack ice. BW-1 fjord, scattered ice. Seaward of BW-3, 9 large bergs, 7 small bergs, Mo open pack ice. BW-3 fjord, Jio open pack ice. BW-3 harbor, 2^0 open pack ice, small amount of scattered brash. Seaward of BW-3, 5io open pack ice, few small bergs. BW-3 fjord, ?1o open pack ice. BW-3 harbor, 5^ op open pack ice. 14 bergs, 2 growlers, and many small pieces of ice. Large berg. Large fiat berg. Large berg. Berg. Do. Radar contact, probable berg. 7 bergs within 4 miles. Berg. Do. 2 bergs. Large flat top berg, 1,000 feet long, 140 feet high. 5 bergs and numerous growlers on south side within 7 miles radius of White Island. White Island to Goose Island, few iso- lated bergs and growlers. Goose Island to Smoker Island, north side, 3 large bergs and few growlers. Berg. Limit of pack ice. 1 berg and 4 growlers grounded along north shore. Approximately 36 bergs and growlers. Berg and radar target. Radar target. Berg, 2 growlers and radar target. 2 bergs and 4 growlers. Growler and 3 radar targets, with many radar targets extending to north- northwest. Growler and 3 radar targets. Berg. Bergy bits. Cake ice. Large berg. Berg 10 miles north of Fogo Island. Close pack ice. Do. Berg. Medium sized berg. Ice shore fast 3io coverage with widen- ins cr&cks Belt 10 to 20 miles wide M 0 to ^-i 0 cover- age of brash, blocks, small and med- ium floes with many small bergs. Field Ice and growlers. Very many growlers within 10-lnlIe radius. Very large berg and growlers. Berg. Do. 2 large bergs. 27 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1952— Continued No. Date 568 669 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 June 6 ...do..... ...do... ...do-.. ...do... ...do... ...do._.. ...do.... ...do-... ...do.... ...do-... ...do.... ...do.... ...do-.. ...do-... ...do.-., -..do.... ...do-... June 7 June 8 Name of vessel Ice Patrol plane. ...do. 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 62S June 12 --.do-... ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do...-. ...do-.... ...do..-. June 13 June 14 ...do.-.. June 15 -do- .do. do do .. do ..-- .. . " do " do do do " do do "."" do.. do " do do do -- " do :.: Thors Isle Aircraft... U. S. C. O. cutter Soirel.. Ice Patrol plane do do--. do ". " do do . do ' U. S. C. G. cutter Bibb-. PATRON 23.. U. S. C. G. cutter Bara- taria. do MATS aircraft June 19 do June 20 ..do...- ..do ..do...- June 23 June 24 ...do ...do....- June 25 ...do ...do June 27 July 2 ...do ...do ...do July 4 ...do July 7 July 9 July 11 ...do July 14 PATRON 23. Hydro, Wash-. Esso BurlingtoD- do do Hydro, Wash Ragna Gorthon.. Hydro, Wash do do Aircraft. do do do...- Hydro, Wash do do do .do. do. North latitude West longitude 50 50 55 30 to 51 40 I 54 10 to 52 40 I 64 00 thence north Within 20 miles ra- dius of Fogo Island. Description 50 13 50 20 51 10 51 23 53 23 52 49 49 53 49 45 -do Belle Isle Strait Kaitaki.. Hydro, Wash Belgian Aircraft Selbina. Gil Earmes , 51 40 54 00 52 GO 50 45 52 02 51 11 52 10 52 45 52 08 54 11 52 20 51 10 52 25 52 50 52 25 53 45 52 40 52 10 52 50 53 10 52 50 53 50 50 00 52 55 49 30 53 35 52 02 55 05 51 20 55 30 : 0 51 35 1 54 40 thence i lortheast 49 05 52 45 49 35 53 28 50 05 53 01 50 40 48 15 51 05 51 38 51 40 53 50 52 02 51 25 Labrador Coast--. 52 42 51 21 52 10 51 22 Between BeUe Isle and Tw illingate, NewfoL mdland. Baffin Ba y 50 40 53 22 62 49 53 05 49 30 53 35 49 31 53 35 49 34 53 32 50 50 53 37 51 57 49 50 62 42 56 15 62 55 54 09 63 02 56 20 49 08 53 18 49 10 53 26 49 20 53 16 61 45 50 18 51 10 50 00 51 15 50 11 51 15 50 20 61 22 50 09 52 01 61 05 53 17 51 30 48 49 50 12 52 12 51 50 44 24 53 22 53 22 50 30 Outer limits of close pack ice. 12 bergs. Berg. Small berg. Small growler. Do. 2 bergs. Growler. Do. 2 growlers. 3 bergs. 4 radar targets, probable growlers. Berg and 7 growlers. 3 bergs and 8 growlers. Berg and 2 growlers. Growler. 2 bergs. 3 bergs and 2 growlers. Berg. Scattered field ice. Outer limits of field ice. 3 bergs. Berg. 2 radar targets, possible growlers. Do. 1 radar target, possible growler. 15 radar targets, probable bergs. 2 stationary radar targets. Comprehensive report of coastal ice. Growler. Do. Large number of bergs. Comprehensive ice report. Large berg. Do. Bere. Do. Do. Large berg. Berg. Radar target, probable berg. Large berg. 3 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Large berg. Do. Do. Do. Berg. Numerous bergs. Belle Isle Strait reported navigable ex- cept for scattered bergs and growlers. Small growler. Several bergs. Berg. Radar target believed to be large berg. 28 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1952— Continued No. Date Name of vessel 626 627 628 629 530 631 **=» 3 large bergs, numerous growlers. Many small bergs. Radar target. Small growler. Large berg. Do. Small berg. Large berg. 1 berg, 4 growlers. Berg. 2 small bergs. Large berg. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Growler. Berg. Do. Growler. Do. Do. Berg. Growler. Do. Berg. Do. Growler. Do. Berg. Large berg. Do. 29 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1952— Continued Date July 30 --.do—. —do—. Aug. 1 ...do— -. Aug. 2 ...do—.. ...do---. Aug. 5 -..do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do Aug. 6 Aug. 7 -..do ...do -..do-.... Aug. 10 Aug. 11 Aug. 16 ...do ...do ...do —do Aug. 17 ...do Aug. 19 ---do—.. Aug. 22 Aug. 23 Aug. 27 Aug. 31 Sept. 2 Sept. 3 -..do..... ...do..... Sept. 6 ...do Sept. 7 ...do-.... -..do Sept. 9 -..do ...do Sept. 18 Sept. 30 Oct. 2 --.do Name of vessel Oct. 11 Oct. 12 Oct. 14 Oct. 15 Oct. 16 -do—.. Oct. 22 .do—.. Oct. 30 Aircraft. PAN AM 122... do Aircraft do--- BOAC aircraft. Graculus KLM aircraft--. Hydro, Wash... use Q aircraft. ....do do —.do ...-do do. do. SAS aircraft Waltham Victory do .....do- Hydro, Wash- MATS aircraft Hedberg USCQ aircraft do OSV Bravo U. S. C. G. cutter Mendota U. S. N. S. Gen. W. Q. Haan. Hydro, Wash Cleopatra Hydro, Wash A ircraf t Ivicta Hydro, Wash ....do North latitude West longitude Scandanavian aircraft. Delilian BOAC aircraft Burnhope. Hydro, Wash Aircraft - Hydro, Wash do : do PANAM Clipper 121 USCG aircraft Hydro, Wash Graculus .- Lavi^rence Victory Hydro, Wash-- U. S. C. Q. LTS Battle Harbor. U. S. C. G. cutter Sorrel-. Sandsend Hydro, Wash OSV Bravo Qlauckauf do Franconia Ragna Gorthan. Beaverford Belle Isle Strait- 51 08 51 10 54 07 54 37 50 02 51 09 50 04 59 45 49 52 49 56 50 07 51 03 51 18 51 32 49 32 50 15 53 45 54 39 54 40 49 42 62 21 52 34 50 03 50 23 52 07 53 08 54 35 52 14 53 28 56 00 54 10 54 39 53 00 51 53 51 53 55 47 55 47 50 33 49 03 50 36 46 50 50 17 53 24 52 41 51 53 53 10 53 35 50 12 52 45 51 29 51 28 51 48 51 30 51 54 51 25 53 32 52 52 52 36 52 06 54 19 55 24 53 06 60 00 52 30 •54 45 51 00 66 02 Description 04 la Deadmar m 02 I's Bay, Cape Freels, Newfoi mdland. 52 09 53 22 54 55 58 08 52 57 51 25 50 00 51 00 50 15 49 30 51 45 55 55 54 15 55 39 54 33 56 06 49 30 50 .50 49 35 .50 51 51 35 56 15 49 30 50 .50 56 38 58 19 52 16 55 22 52 00 55 45 52 08 55 34 52 35 61 22 53 55 54 47 58 52 42 23 59 21 44 56 59 39 44 01 51 40 56 17 50 17 49 35 61 24 57 04 Pack of bergs west of Belle Island . A Iso numerous large bergs along east coast of Northeast Newfoundland from 50-30N to Cape Bauld. Berg. 2 bergs. Large berg. 4 bergs. Large berg. 1 berg and 2 growlers. Large berg. 2 bergs. Growler. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Small berg. 3 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Large bergs. Large berg. Do. Berg. Do. Widely scattered bergs. 2 small bergs. Large berg. Do. Berg. 2 bergs probably grounded. Large berg and numerous small pieces. Large berg. Berg and 3 growlers. Berg. Large berg. Berg. Do. Large berg. Berg. Berg (same as No. 744) . Small berg. Several bergs. Large berg. Berg. Do. Large berg moving southwest down Belle Isle Strait. Large berg. Do. Berg. 2 large bergs. Do. Berg. Large berg. Berg. 30 PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE GRAND BANKS REGION AND THE LABRADOR SEA IN 1952^ By Floyd M. Soule, Senior Physical Oceanographer, U. S. Coast Guard During 1952 the U. S. Coast Guard 180-foot tender-class cutter Evergreen served as oceanographic vessel of the ice patrol, as it has since 1948. The only major change affecting the oceanographic work, made since the 1951 season, was the lowermg of the laboratory room temperature. This was accomplished by increasing the heat insula- tion of the bulkheads and deck and the installation of an air-condi- tioning unit. The rapid circulation of drier, cooler air has made pos- sible better temperature control of the salinity bridge but has resulted in increased evaporation of salinity samples during the time their con- tainers are open. The importance of this increased evaporation has not yet been determined. The field work for the 1952 season began with the departure of the Evergreen from Argentia on the evening of 31 March for the first survey. The unusual absence of both berg and sea ice from the Grand Banks region obviated the necessity for surveying the area mimediately adjacent to the more southerly steamer lanes and pro- vided an opportunity for studying the waters farther to the north. The area mimediately northward of the northeastern shoulder of the Grand Banks and Flemish Cap was free of sea ice, as was also the Bona vista triangle. If bergs subsequently moved south it would be useful to have a knowledge of the current system in this area. The BonaVista triangle is usually covered, at least in part, by sea ice until May. Very little information has been available regarding the north- ward flowing outer margins of the North Atlantic eddy north of Flemish Cap and no measurements had been made at this time of year. It was considered improbable that the Labrador shelf would remain free of sea ice across its complete width for the expected duration of the survey. The survey was planned, in the light of these considera- tions, to include the Bonavista triangle and a network of stations be- tween it and Flemish Cap with the survey extended northward by a series of sections approximately normal to the coast and extendmg from the outer edge of the shelf to an eastern limit some 200 miles sea- ward of the continental slope. The work of collection of data, encompassing 127 stations beginnmg with station 4614, began at the latitude of Flemish Cap on 1 April and 1 To be reprinted as Contribution No. 637 of tlie Woods Hole Oceanograpliic Institution. 31 was completed at about the 54th parallel on the early mornmg of 21 April. The Evergreen then returned to Argentia, arriving there on 23 April. During the survey it was necessary to heave to on account of weather twice, once for 13}^ hours on 12 to 13 April, and again for 14 hours on 17 to 18 April. The Evergreen departed from Argentia on the afternoon of 28 April to begin the second survey. While the first survey covered many aspects of interest it could not also cover the early season cur- rent pattern in the area immediately east and south of the Grand Banks. The second survey was designed to get this, in addition to a small area of overlap with the first survey between 47° and 48° N., and to extend the surveyed area seaward far enough to delineate the outer boundary of Atlantic Current water in the sector southeastward of the Grand Banks. To accomplish this 100 stations were occupied begmmng with station 4741, between noon on 29 April and the morning of 12 May. The work of collection progressed from north toward south and was not interrupted by the weather. Upon conclusion of this work the Evergreen proceeded to 41°43' N., 50°05' W., where a carboy of surface water was collected for subsequent use as a sub- standard of salinity. The Evergreen then proceeded to Boston, ar- riving there on the evening of 15 May. Toward the end of May the presence of some bergs in the Labra- dor Current just north of the Grand Banks made it seem desirable to get another current survey of the Grand Banks region. The Evergreen therefore returned to Argentia and departed there on the morning of 3 June to repeat the pattern of the second survey. The work of col- lection began at noon on 4 June with station 4841, and progressing from north toward south, was completed at station 4940 early on the afternoon of 16 June. It was not necessary to heave to on account of gales at any time during the survey, although the average speed was reduced by the high percentage (40 percent) of fog. Upon completion of the survey the Evergreen proceeded to Boston with arrival there on the evening of 19 June. A postseason cruise was made to repeat the occupation of the Bona- vista triangle and the section across the Labrador Sea from South Wolf Island, Labrador, to Cape Farewell, Greenland. This was ac- complished with the occupation of 54 stations. The Evergreen de- parted from Boston on 7 July and from Argentia on 1 1 July and the work of collection of data at the triangle began on the evening of 12 July and was completed 3 days later. Work on the section across the Labrador Sea began on the early morning of 17 July and was con- cluded within the outer edge of a coastal belt of ice 12^ miles off Cape Farewell on the evening of 20 July. No gales were encountered. The Evergreen then proceeded via Argentia to Woods Hole where oceanographic equipment and personnel were discharged on the eve- ning of 27 July to conclude the field work for 1952. 32 The oceanographic work was under the supervision of Oceanog- rapher Floyd M. Soule United States Coast Guard who was assisted by Lt. Robertson P. Dinsmore, U. S. C. G., Lt. Rudolph E. Lenczyk, U. S. C. G. and Lt. Jay H. Bramson, U. S. C. G. Other assistants in the observational work were Francis N. Brown, yeoman second class; Lewis M. Lawday, aerographer's mate, second class; Donald M. McGill, aerographer's mate, third class; Hugh R. McCartney Jr., aerographer's mate, third class; and Joseph R. Stefanick, seaman, all United States Coast Guard. Of the 381 stations occupied during the season and postseason cruises, the 24 stations comprising the section across the Labrador Sea we're occupied from the surface to as near bottom as was prac- ticable, and at the remaining 357 stations the observations extended to a depth of about 1,500 meters where the depth of water permitted. As in previous years the intended depths of observation, in meters, were 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 600, 800, 1,000, and thence by 500-meter intervals. For the first survey, the dynamic topography oi" the southern shallower part has been referred to the 1000-decibar surface and the northern deeper part has been referred to the 1500- decibar surface. The results have been presented in two charts havuig sufficient overlap to provide continuity in their interpretation. The 1,500-decibar surface has been used for reference in the section across tiie Labrador Sea. For all other stations the dynamic heights have been referred to the 1,000-decibar surface. In addition to the usual measurements of temperature and salinity, 696 samples during the second cruise, and 288 samples during the postseason cruise, were taken for ultimate determination of total phosphorus concentration. Temperatures were measured with deep sea reversing thermometers. Most of the protected thermometers were of Richter and Wiese man- facture but a small percentage were manufactured by Negretti and Zambra, G. M. Manufacturing Co., and the Kahl Scientific Instru- ment Corp. The depths of observation were based on Richter and Wiese unprotected thermometers. The thermometers were used m pairs. The thermometers were shifted periodically so that a ther- mometer eventually was paired with several other thermometers thus providing rather extensive intercomparison. This program permitted recognition of those thermometers which were not functioning properly and also permitted a determination of consistent errors in the scale correction in use. The series of intercomparisons provided means of estimating the precision of the temperature measurements. Consider- ing 2 458 comparisons the probable difference between the corrected readings of a pair of thermometers was ±0.012° C. As many of the thermometers had recent laboratory comparisons with thermometers tested by the National Bureau of Standards, and as m most cases the temperatures are the means of the corrected readings of a pair ot 33 thermometers, it is considered that the observed temperatures listed in the table of oceanographic data have a probable error of ±0.01° C. Sahrities were determined, as in previous years, with a Wenner salinity bridge. Standardizations were made with water from an oil- sealed carboy of sea water. At least twice during each salinity run a sample of Copenhagen standard water of the batch Pi 8 was meas- ured as an unknown. At the end of each survey these measurements of standard water were used to correct all sahnities determined durmg the survey. Indicated corrections thus obtained were less than 0.005%o for the three surveys made during the season and so no correction was made. The salinities determined during the postseason cruise were corrected to Copenhagen water for each run. The precision of the salinity bridge measurements was about ±0.005%o. Since the cahbration curve of the bridge was determined by silver nitrate titra- tion, however, the accuracy of the salinities is no better than that of the latter method. As all samples from any one station were measured in^ the same salinity run any errors of standardization should not affect differences in salinity from level to level at a given station. Thus any cases of apparent instability arising from differences in salinity of more than 0.0l7oo are considered to be real. It is of inter- est to note that sev^eral such cases of slight instability were found in 1952 in the intermediate water of the Labrador Sea. This water has usually been found to be of slight or indifferent stabihty. The dynamic topography found during the first survev has been shown on two charts: figure 7 in which the heights of the sea surface have been referred to the 1,500-decibar surface and which covers the northern part of the surveyed area; and figure 8 in which the heights of the sea surface have been referred to the 1,000-decibar surface and which covers the southern part of the surveyed area. For the sake of continuity there is an area in which the two charts overlap. The 1,000-decibar surface, which is adequate for the Grand Banks region and preferable in view of the large proportion of shallow water sta- tions there, is not deep enough for the Labrador Sea where the 1,500- decibar surface more nenrly approximates the surface of no motion. The area shown in figure 7 has infrequently been surveyed in summer and has never before been surveyed in April. There is, then, no basis for comparison to judge whether or not the current pattern found is unusual. That the seaward margm of the Labrador Current is found near the continental slope is to be expected from summertime obser- vations. The northern limits of the North Atlantic eddy are inferred to have been located at about 55° N., and therefore are approximately m the same latitude found in summer. It was a surprise to find such large gradients in dynamic height as are shown in the western margins of the northward movmg water. As indicated by figure 7, the water of most pronounced Atlantic characteristics was found at station 4724 where the salinities reached values above 35°/oo with a maximum of 34 35.15. The meanders which have been found to characterize the outer margin of the North Atlatic eddy in the Grand Banks region are also present, at least as far north as 53° N., in figure 7. Reference to figure 8 indicates that practically none of the Labrador Current was following the western branch along the Avalon Peninsula. Nearly all of the eastern branch appears to have been diverted north- ward without getting south of the latitude of Flemish Cap. 53. 52« 51* 50' 49' 48* 47' 46' 45* 44' 43* Figure 7.— Dynamic topography of the sea surface relative to ^^^ 1,500-decibar surface in the northern part of the area covered by the first ^j^^^Y', ^^^^° ^1 Apnl 1952. Oceanographic station positions are indicated and the station numbers given at turning points. 35 O 2 ■- o o a> ,=« ft N- o ,^ ^ -a -5 o o (S o bC ^ ^O c n n r^ a) o ^ o O o > c-i in ai O t: r^ ^ t-, Oh ;h ^^ ^ <^i > c3 o ■+-■ o aj ?) »3 1— 1 o ^ >i br aj ^ ej_, > ^ o L-i >. 03 ■+^ +i c5 rt !-i t. tC ^ bC •^ O aj o -i-j on -(J >. Y o X! a> T S T! o3 O !^ n > o s 1 o o T 00 C3 73 ^ H a*?; 45 the relative strengths of the Labrador Current and the Atlantic Current. The relationship was adopted that the area would be increased by 10,000 square kHometers for each million cubic meters per second volume of flow of the Labrador Current entering the area past section U. After adjustment of the measured area by the sub- traction of the appropriate area for the measured volume transport of the Labrador Current, the remaining adjusted area, A, was considered to represent the effects of causes associated with the North Atlantic eddy. Assuming that changes in the strength of the North Atlantic eddy were proportional to changes in the difference in sea level between Bermuda and Charleston, S. C, the fluctuation of the value, sea level at Charleston mmus the departure from average at Bermuda, was studied m relation to fluctuations in the adjusted area If A is expressed m units of 10,000 square kflometers and H is the sea level at Charleston minus the Bermuda departure m feet 13% months earlier tor 27 surveys made over the period 1934 to 1941 the adjusted area was given by the expression A=6.8(H-5.07) + I.34 Since the resumption of oceanographic work by the International Ice Patrol following World War II the following surveys have been made; one m 1948, two in 1949, three in 1950, two m 1951 and two in 1952. The above relationship could not be followed for these 10 postwar surveys, even approximately, untfl it was realized that instead of a phase difference of 13}^ months, the postwar observations had a similar relationship but with a phase difference of 11}^ months Keepmg these two different time lags, the combmed 37 surveys give the relationship A-6.97(H-5.07) + 1.67 for computing the adjusted area with a probable error of ±1 5X10* square kilometers. No explanation is offered for the apparent change of 2 months in the time lag. The dynamic topography of the sea surface deduced from the data coUected during the occupation of the section across the Labrador Sea from South Wolf Island, Labrador, to Cape Farewell, Greenland, durmg the postseason cruise is shown in figure 13. Off South Wolf Island the Labrador Current is seen to have two bands separated by the shoal off Hamilton Inlet. Offshore of the major band over the continental slope there seems to be a closed cyclonic eddy. Seaward of this, at about 56° N., 52° W., the dynamic topography is inter- preted as showing the extreme northwestern margins of the North Atlantic eddy as this northward flowing water curves to the eastward; Northward of this the outer margin of the North Atlantic eddy is 46 tttpttrf n —Dynamic topography of the sea surface relatiye to the 1 500-decibar "^^surface'fromrta collTctId ?7-to 20 July 1952. . O^-^f^P^^ ^^^,^4°^ tions are indicated and the station numbers are given at turnmg pomts. 47 joined by water which has recurved southward from the West Greenland Current. Northward of about 59° N., to the beach at Cape FareweU the West Greenland Current is shown. Since only a single section is available, the direction of flow is uncertain and the course of the dynamic isobaths shown in figure 13 has been deduced by drawing heavily upon what is known from earlier observations and upon the distribution of temperature and salinity. Of the several bergs tracked by the ship occupying ocean station Bravo the only berg followed for several days was one first picked up at 56°15' N., 51°25' W., at 1600 on 10 April. The successive positions of this berg from 2000 on 10 April until 0630 on 21 April, when it had been reduced in size to a growler, have been plotted in the left half of figure 14. Plotted in the right half of this figure are the wind observations reduced to a series of vectors representing one-fortieth of the successive trajectories of an air particle starting from 56° 14' N., 51°20' W., the position of the berg at 2000 on 10 April. The resultant trajectory is shown as a vector directed toward 204^°. Assuming that the wind current was directed 45° to the right of the wind and that the wind factor was 0.025 the resultant water movement has been plotted as directed toward 249)^. The resultant berg drift, obtained from the left half of figure 14, was directed toward 168%° and has been assumed to represent the resultant water movement composed of steady current and wind current components. The vector representing the water movement from steady currents, then, had a direction of 103,%° and the average speed of the steady currents was 3% miles per day or about 0.16 knot. The gaps in our knowledge are too large and numerous to permit us to draw definite conclusions from the above. We do not know the depth of the wind current with respect to the draft of the berg but it is assumed that in April the stability of the water column in this vicinity is slight. We do not know what seasonal variations in the steady current pattern take place between April and July but we assume they are small in this vicinity. The direction and speed of the steady currents deduced in the paragraph above are of the order of magnitude of those which can be found in figure 13 and it is con- sidered probable that this berg (and the others found in the vicinity of ocean station Bravo) arrived at this locality from east of Cape Fare- well (rather than from the Labrador side). The temperature distribution along the section across the Labrador Sea from South Wolf Island, Labrador, to Cape Farewell,. Greenland, found during the 1952 post-season cruise is shown in figure 15. The salinity distribution in the Greenland half of this section is given in figure 16. Referring to the temperature section, the frigid part of the Labrador Current is to be seen over the continental shelf and adjacent to it is the warmer part of the Labrador Current over the continental slope. The tongue of warm water, which usually extends from the 48 49 '2 S o a. O 03 (-, ►J ■a" G 03, IS o o Hid3a SiJ3i3»M 50 00 34 47 0 3439 u> r>- 00 O - W <^ CO oo oo OO o> o> o> 5? o> o> o» 0> O) (J> 0> ^f * <* ^ * ^ <* * 3443 3449 3449 3464 3434 3112 ' "^ — \vv' : — FiGUKE 16.-Salinity distribution off Cape Farewell, Greenland, 18 to 20 July 1952. surface just off-shore of the Labrador Current downward and west- ward to intersect bottom at intermediate depths on the contmental slope, is shown reaching bottom at about 800 meters and associated with the warm water in the upper layers near station 4983. Defined by the 3.4° isotherm, this temperature maximum is mterrupted by colder water at station 4982. The warm water at station 4983 is considered to be associated with the North Atlantic eddy and the cyclonic circulation about station 4982 probably brings some ^f Ins warmer water into the deeper circulation of the Labrador Current The temperature minimum in the intermediate water of the Labra dor Sea was not as uniform m temperature as usual and ^^de ^^J^^^ tions 4985 and 4986, its temperature was about the s^-^/^/;^^^/^'^^ 1951 the temperatures at station 4984 were about a tenth of a degree colder The maximum temperatures below this temperature minimum are outlined by the 3.3° and 3.4° isotherms. 51 On the Greenland end of the section the cross-sectional areas in which the temperatures are higher than 4° and 5° show little change from the conditions found in 1951. Eeference to figure 16 however reveals a noticeable, though slight, increase in the values of maximum salmity. The salmity maximum, which was remarkably constant at about 35.047oo durmg the 1930's dropped with the disappearance of the Irmmger Current from this vicinity to 34.97 in 1949 34 99 in 1950, 34.96 hi 1951, and in 1952 was 35.01%o. This hints that the Irmmger Current after an almost total absence of 4 years from the Cape Farewell area, may be on the pomt of returnmg to its former values. As has been pomted out in recent bulletins of this series maximum salmities below the normal 35.04 7oo but about 35 00%o may be explamed by postulatbg small dh-ect contributions from the outer margms of the North Atlantic eddy in longitudes immediatelv eastward of Cape Farewell and not dependent upon the recurvatur^ ot the Irmmger Current in the vicinity of Iceland. Examhiation of the velocity profile of the West Greenland Current ott Cape Farewell m the summer of 1952 shows a volume transport J .^o^'^„"''^^'''^ ^'^^^^ "^e^ers per second with a mean temperature of ' 3./9 C and a heat transport of 22.50 million cubic meter deo-rees centigrade per second. The correspondbg normal values (derived in Bu letin No. 35 of this series) for this time of year are 4.51 4 70 and 21.22 whence the volume of flow was 1.42 above normal the mean temperature was 0.91 below normal ^vith the heat transport 1.28 above normal. If the West Greenland Current is considered to be made up exclusively of an East Greenland Current component of constant mean temperature of 3.2 and an Irminger Current compo- nent of constant mean temperature 5.5, the observed West Greenland Current can bo broken down into these components with volumes of flow of 4.40 and 1.53 respectively. As the seasonal normal values tor these components are 1.56 and 2.95, the assumed constant mean temperatures lead to the conclusion that the volume of the East Greenland Current component was about three times its normal va ue and the Irminger Current component was about half its normal volume transport. If, however, the West Greenland Current at Cape farewell was not made up exclusively of East Greenland Current and Irmmger Current components, the contribution of the Irminger Cur- rent component would be smaller than this computed volume transport. The cu-culation deduced from the computed values of volume transport, as described above and as given in table 1, is shown sche- matically m figure 17. In this figure the computed volumes have been rounded to the nearest 0.1 million cu.m/sec, and in the cases of the two occupations of the Bonavista triangle they have been adjusted so that the sum of the transports into the triangle equals the sum of the transports out of the triangle. In other words the 52 I3BB CRUISE POST SEASON QRUfSE • |_ XIO-.. ^3 vertical movement past the 1,000-decibar surface within the triangle has been considered to be negligibly small. The dynamic height of the sea surface at South Wolf Island, Labrador, was somewhat higher than the dynamic height of the sea surface at Cape Farewell, Greenland (with reference to the 1,500- decibar surface m each case) . This is not unusual and has been inter- preted as the result of water entering the Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea system through the northern openmgs. Below a depth of about 200 meters, however, the water above the 1,500-decibar surface had a net northwesterly direction of flow, and for the entire section from South Wolf Island to Cape Farewell between the sea surface and the 1,500- decibar surface the net volume transport of 0.75 million cu.m/sec northwesterly was found. If there is a net transport through the northern openings into the Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea system, then the sinking past the 1,500-decibar surface must have exceeded these contributions by three-quarter million cu.m/sec. SUMMARY 1. The surface circulation in the Grand Banks region and the adja- cent area northward of the Grand Banks has been discussed on the basis of the dynamic topography found during tliree surveys made during the season. The exceptional absence of ice permitted, for the first time, the survey in April of the area from 47° N., to 54° N., between the Labrador Shelf and about 45° W. The season was char- acterized by a major recurvature of Labrador Current water north- ward, north of the latitude of Flemish Cap. 2. The circulation in the upper 1,000 meters in the Grand Banks region, with particular reference to the Labrador Current, has been given in greater detail on the basis of volume transport, mean tem- perature, minimum observed temperature and heat transport found during 18 occupations of 9 selected sections during the 1952 season. At three of these sections, for which the normal seasonal variation is available, the 1952 deficiency of the Labrador Current has been given. 3. The temperature-salinity relationships for the three water masses found in the Grand Banks region in 1952 have been compared with conditions found in other years. 4. The relationship between the location of the northern boundary of North Atlantic Current water m the Grand Banks region, the strength of the Labrador Current, and the difference in sea level be- tween Bermuda and Charleston has been given further study with the results indicating that whereas the time lag between the Charles- ton-Bermuda section and the Grand Banks region was about 13K months for the 27 surveys made during the period 1934-41, the lag was apparently 11}^ months for the 10 surveys made during the period 1948-52. 5. The circulation m the southern part of the Labrador Sea has been inferred from examination of the dynamic heights along a section 54 from South Wolf Island, Labrador, to Cape Farewell, Greenland, the volume transport and mean temperature of the Labrador Current and West Greenland Current past this section, temperature distribu- tion within the section and salmity distribution within the Greenland half of the section. The Irminger Current component of the West Greenland Current was still subnormal in 1952. Further examination of this section will be made on the basis of total phosphorus and re- ported upon in the next bulletin of this series. The measurements of total phosphorus have not been completed and the results will be published in the next bulletin of this series. Except for phosphorus, the data collected during the 1952 season and postseason cruises are tabulated below. The individual station head- ings give the station number, date, geographical position, depth of water, and give the dynamic height of the sea surface used in the construction of the dynamic topographic charts shown in figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 13. The depths of water are rough approximations, being uncorrected sonic soundings based on a sounding velocity of 800 fathoms per second and containing an additional mechanical speed error of about ± %o. Where the depths of the scaled values are enclosed in parentheses, the data are based on extrapolated vertical distribution curves of temperature or salinity or both. Asterisks appearing before observed temperatures indicate that these tempera- tures were determined from the depth of reversal and the corrected readmg of an unprotected thermometer. The symbol (r, signifies 1,000 (density— 1) at atmospheric pressure and temperature t. Table of Oceanographic Data STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, °/oo Station 4614; Apr. 1; latitude 45°15' N., longitude 49°13' W.; depth 91 meters; dynamic height 971.027 0 -0.07 32.84 0------ -0.07 32.84 26.39 25 -0.13 32.84 25 -0.13 32.84 26.40 51. -0.35 32.84 50----- -0.35 32.84 26.40 76 -0.39 32.87 75----- -0.40 32.87 26.43 Station 4615; 48°39' W.; 971.010 Apr. 1; latitude 47°16' N., longitude depth 134 meters; dynamic height Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °0 Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, °/oo 0--. 25- 49. 74., 98- 123 32.88 32.90 33.00 33.10 33.31 33.38 0---. 25-.. 50-.- 75-.. 100.. -0.47 -0.50 -0.85 -0.95 -0.30 32.88 32.90 33.00 33.10 33.31 26.44 26.45 26.55 26.63 26.77 Station 4616; Apr. 2; latitude 47°16.5' N., longitude 48°05' W. ; depth 180 meters; dynamic height 970.976 0 -0.62 33.24 0 -0.62 33.24 26.73 24 -0.79 33.30 25 -0.80 33.30 26.78 48 -0.73 33.38 50-.--- -0.75 33.39 26.86 72 -0.44 33.47 75 -0.40 33.49 26.93 95 -0.03 33.55 100-.-- 0.00 33.57 26.98 143 0.44 33.76 150--.. 0.45 33.79 27.12 Station 4617; Apr. 2; latitute 47°17'. N., loii|""de 47°45' W.; depth 227 meters; dynamic height 970.955 0 27 54 - 81 108-...- 160-...- 214 -0.53 -0.56 -0.17 0.44 0.55 1.30 1.57 33.25 33.41 33.56 33.76 33.89 34.07 34.16 0... 25.. 50-. 75-. 100- 150. 200. -0.53 -0.55 -0.25 0.30 0.55 1.15 1.50 33.25 33.40 33.54 33.73 33.85 34.04 34.14 26.74 26.86 26.96 27.08 27.17 27.28 27.34 55 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo station 4618; Apr. 2; latitude 47°19' N., longitude 47°22' VV.; depth 357 meters; dynamic height 970.973 0-. 25- 49-, 74.. 98., 147. 196 246. -0.46 -0.45 -0.41 -0.26 -0.13 0.32 1.56 1.64 33.35 33.35 33.44 33.50 33.56 33.76 34.12 34.26 0 25-.. 50... 75- -. 100.. 150.. 200- . (300). -0.46 -0. 45 -0.40 -0.25 -0.10 0.35 1.60 2.10 33.35 33. 35 33.44 33.50 33.57 33.78 34.14 34.44 26.81 26.81 26.89 26.93 26.98 27.12 27.33 27.53 Station4619; Apr. 2; latitude 47°17.5' N., longitude 47°07' W.; depth 1,090 meters; dynamic height 970.924 52- 104.... 157.-.. 210.-.- 314-... 378.... 567 333 1 433.- 0.60 0.65 0.91 1.29 1.38 1.92 2.38 2.96 3.08 3.67 2.98 3.48 33.73 33.78 33.95 34.09 34.13 34.33 34.48 34.66 34.68 34.87 34.64 34.78 0 25 50 75 100.... 150-..- 200-.. . 300--.. 400 600..-. (800)--. (1,000) - 0.60 0.65 0.85 1.25 1.35 1.S5 2.30 2.90 3.15 3.70 3.80 3.70 33. 73 33.77 33. 93 34.07 34.12 34.31 34.46 34.65 34.70 34.88 34.89 34.89 27.06 27.10 27.21 27.31 27.34 27.45 27.54 27.64 27.65 27.74 27.74 27.75 Station 4620; Apr. 2; latitude 47°17' N., longitude 46°36' W'.; depth 596 meters; dynamic height 970.896 2.25 33.97 0 2.25 33.97 1.72 33.94 25 1.65 33.94 1.37 33.96 50 1.40 33.97 1.49 34.04 75 1.80 34.10 2.16 34.18 100-... 2.25 34.27 2.37 34.42 150-... 2.50 34.49 2.62 34.56 200.-.- 2.85 34.63 3.47 34.79 300-.-. 3.5f 34.81 3.62 34.82 400.... 3.70 34. 8f 3.76 34.89 27.15 27.16 27.21 27.29 27.39 27.54 27.62 27.70 27.73 Station 4621; Apr. 2; latitude 47°18.5' N., longitude 45°49' \V., depth 290 meters; dynamic height 970.947 0.. 20. 40. 60. 80. 120 160 224 4.25 4.24 4.24 4.25 3.80 3.48 4.18 3.76 33.69 33.71 33.71 33.73 33.79 34.32 34.58 34.76 0— 25.. 50.. 75.. 100. 150. 200- 4.25 4.25 4.25 3.90 3.60 4.00 3.90 33.69 33.71 33.72 33.77 34.05 34.53 34.70 26.74 26.76 26.76 26.84 27.09 27.43 27.58 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Station 4622; Apr. 2; latitude 47°19' N., longitude nL^^o^-' ^*^P^'^ 258 meters; dynamic height 970.953 0 24-... 48..-- 72-.-- 96.... 144... 193.-.. 236-... 4. .35 4.35 4.37 4.37 4.22 3.06 3.98 3.90 4.35 33.76 26.78 4.35 33.76 26.78 4.35 33.76 26.78 4.35 33.77 26.79 4.15 33.91 26.92 3.10 34.45 27.46 4.00 34.70 27.57 Station 4623; Apr. 2; latitude 47°20' N., longitude 45°18' W., depth 220 meters; dynamic height 0 23 46 70 93 139 181 4.34 4.34 4.35 4. .30 4.13 3.88 3.93 33.75 33.77 33.76 33. 78 34.02 34.46 34.63 0 25 50.... 75-... 100.-- 150--- (200).- 4.34 4.35 4,35 4.25 4.05 3.90 3.95 33.75 33.76 33.76 33.82 34.10 34.50 34.69 26.78 26.78 26.78 26.84 27.09 27.42 27.56 Station 4624; Apr. 2; latitude 47°20' N., longitude 45°00' W.; depth 181 meters; djmamie height 970.950 0- 24- 49. 74. 98- 147 4.32 4.32 4.30 4.27 4.22 3.92 33.78 33.78 33.78 33.80 33.88 34.46 0 25 50 75 100--. 150 4.32 4.30 4.30 4.25 4.20 3.90 33.78 33.78 33.78 33.80 33.90 34. 49 26.81 26.81 26.81 26.82 26.91 27.41 Station 4625; Apr. 2; latitude 47°25.5' N., longitude 45 12 W., depth 216 meters; dynamic height 970.945 0 27--. 53---. 80--.. 106.-- 159-- 212-.- 4.38 4.40 4.38 4.30 4.14 3.86 3.92 33.74 33.74 33.76 .33. 82 34.04 34.48 34.66 0 25.... 50 75 100... 150... 200..- 4.38 4.40 4.40 4.30 4.20 3.85 3.90 33.74 33.74 33.76 33.80 33.97 34.42 34.63 26.77 26.77 26.78 26.82 26.97 27.36 27.52 Station 4626; Apr. 3; latitude 47°39' N., longitude 45 44' W., depth 286 meters; dynamic height 970.916 0-. 26. 53. 79. 105 157 209 253. 4.21 4.27 4.23 3.73 .3.81 3.97 4.00 4.14 33.72 33.73 33.78 34.04 34. 32 34.64 34.80 34.87 0... 25.. 50-- 75-- 100- 150. 200. 4.21 4.25 4.25 3.75 3, 3.95 4.00 33.72 33.73 33.77 33.99 34.27 34.61 34.78 26.77 26.77 26.80 27.03 27.25 27.50 27.63 56 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Scaled values Tem- Depth, pera- meters ture, ° C Salin- ity. Station 4627; Apr. 3; latitude 47°45' N., longitude ^"°8' W.V depth 444 meters; dynamic height 45°58' 970.870 Observed values Depth, meters 0 23... 47-.- 70... 95... 142.. 189- - 284.. 378-- 3.51 3.48 2.50 2.98 3.47 3.62 3.40 3.43 3.82 33.79 33.82 34.02 34.33 34.56 34.70 34.74 34' 89 0--- 25-- 50-. 75.- 100. 150. :200. '300. (400) 3.51 3.45 2.50 3.10 3.50 3.60 3.40 3.50 3.85 33.79 33.84 34.06 34.38 34.58 34.71 34.75 34.85 34.90 26.93 27.20 27.40 27. 52 27.62 27.67 27.74 27.74 Station 4628; Apr. 3; latitude 47°49'-N.; longitude 46°08' W; depth 1,006 meters; dynamic height 970.861 0 3 07 33.83 0 - 3.07 33.83 26.96 1 99 33.84 25 2.05 33.84 27.06 53 80 106 1 47 33.92 50 1.45 33.90 27.15 2.31 34.37 75 2.20 34. 28 27.40 2.61 34.50 100-..- 2.55 34.48 27.53 160 214 2.84 34.67 150.... 2.80 34.64 27.63 3.25 34.76 200---. 3.15 34.74 27.68 320 3.61 34.86 300..-. 3.60 34.85 27.73 415 3.58 34.88 400...- 3.60 34.88 27.75 621 827 991 3.52 34.89 600.... 3.50 34.89 27.77 3.42 34.90 800.... 3.45 34.90 27.78 3.33 34.90 1,000.- 3.35 34.90 27.79 Station 4629; Apr. 3; latitude 47°53.5' N., longitude 46°24' W.; depth 1,162 meters; d>-namic height 970.884 0 1.03 33.82 27.12 25 1.00 33.84 27.13 50 1.10 34.04 27.29 75 1.40 34.17 27.38 100 2.00 34.37 27.49 150 2.60 34.47 27.52 200-.. . 2.45 34.52 27.57 300.... 3.35 34.79 27.70 400.-.. 3.60 34.84 27.72 600 3.65 34.89 27.75 800 3. .55 34.89 27.76 1,000-. 3.40 34.89 27.78 Station 4630; Apr. 3; latitude 48°14' N., longitude 45°57' W.; depth 1,060 meters; dynamic height 970.847 0... 27.. 53.. 80.. 106. 160. 213. 319. 393 584, 782 983 9 74 34.10 0 2.74 34.10 27. 21 2.20 34.27 25 2.20 34.25 27.38 3.07 34.49 50 3.00 34.48 27.49 3 ?4 34.52 75 3.20 34.52 27. 51 3.29 100 3.30 34.55 27.52 3 07 34.68 150-.-- 3.10 34.66 27.63 3.46 34.78 200...- 3.40 34.76 27.68 3 63 34.85 300...- 3.65 34.84 27.71 3 63 34.88 400.... 3.60 34.88 27.75 3 "^a 34.88 600... . 3.50 34.88 27.76 3 46 34.88 800..-- 3.45 34.88 27.76 3.33 34.90 1,000.. 3.35 34.90 27.79 Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, 7oo Station 4631; Apr. 3; latitude 48°35' N., longitude 45" 28' W.; depth 1,006 meters; d>Tiamic height 970.855 0... 25.. 50.. 75.. 100. 150. 201. 301. 389. 587. 789 962 3.63 3.24 3.26 3.00 2.85 2.95 3.20 3.69 3.68 •3.59 3.50 3.32 34.22 34.23 34.32 34.37 34.49 34.66 34.73 34.85 34.87 34.89 34.89 34.89 0 25 50 75 100.... 150.... 200 300.... 400.... 600.... 800.... (1,000). 3.63 34.22 27.23 3.24 3.26 3.00 2.85 2.95 3.20 3.70 3.65 3.60 3.50 3.30 34.23 34.32 34.37 34.49 34.66 34.73 34.85 34.87 34.89 34.89 27.26 27.34 27.41 27.51 27.64 27.67 27.72 27.74 27.76 27.77 34.89 27.79 Station 4632; Apr. 3; latitude 49°00' N., longitude 45°00' W.; depth 1,623 meters; dynamic height 970.840 0- 3.33 34.42 24 3.29 34.43 49 - 3.15 34.44 74 3.18 34.45 99 3.08 34. 56 147 3.58 34.79 197 3.58 34.83 296 3.59 34.86 403 3.49 34.86 604 3.55 34.88 804 3.4C 34.88 1,010... 3.34 34.88 1,520... 3.27 34.93 0 25 50 75 100.... 150-.. . 200..-. 300-..- 400-..-! 600.... 800... . 1,000- . 1,500.. 3. 33 34.42 3 30 34.43 3.15 34.44 3.20 34. 45 3.10 34.56 3, .55 34.80 3.60 34.83 3.60 34.86 3. 50 34.86 3 55 34.88 3,40 34.88 3.35 34.88 3.30 34.93 27.41 27.42 27.44 27.45 27.55 27.69 27.71 27.74 27.75 27.75 27.77 27.77 27.82 Station 4633; Apr. 4; latitude 49°10' N longitude 45° 40' W.; depth 2,838 m.; dynamic height 970.834 Station 4634; Apr. 4, l^^tude. 49°21'N.. longitude 46°24' W.; dynamic height 970.907 260173—54- 57 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7c o Station 4635; Apr. 4; latitude 48°59.5' N., longitude 46 46' W.; depth 2,834 meters; dynamic height y /u.yiy 0... 22... 44... 66--. 87... 131.. 175.. 262.. 315.. 491.. 678.. 857.. 1,321 5.26 5.23 5.16 5.13 4.85 4.89 4.35! 4.57 4. 05 3.95 3.68 3.56 3.32 34.21 34.21 34.21 34.22 34.44 34.58 34.63 34.86 34.86 34.90 34.90 34.895 34.88 0 25.... 50...- 75.... 100.-- 150-.. 200... 300... 400... 600... 800... 1,000- (1,500). 5.26 5.20 5.15 5.00 4.85 4.65 4.40 4.20 4.00 3.80' 3.60; 3.50 3.30 34.21 34.21 34.21 34.33 34. .50 34.60 34.69 34.86 34.88 34.90 34.90 34.89 34.88 27.04 27.05 27.05 27.16 27.32 27.42 27. 51 27.68 27.71 27. 75 27.77 27.77 27.78 Station 4636; Apr. 4; latitude 48°37.5' N , longitude 47°03' W.; depth 2,561 meters; dynamic height 0..-. 25-.. 50... 75... 99... 150.. 200.. 299.. 355.. 535-. 719- . 913-. 1,420 4.31 4.02 3.19 2.90 2.77 2.99 3.54 3.35 3.41 3.47 3.46 3.431 34.36 34.36 34.45 34.50 34.51 34.68 34.80 34.82 34.84 34.86 34.88 34.88 3.34 34.87 0 25 50 75 100-.-. 150 200..-- 300-... 400 600 800-.-- 1,000-. (1, 500) . 4.31 4.02 3.19 2.90 2.80 3.00| 3.55 3.35 3. 45 3.45; 3.451 3.40; 3.35 34. 36 34. 36 34.45! 34. 50 34.51 34.68 34. 80 1 34.82i 34.85' 34.871 34.88J 34.881 34. 87 27.27 27.30 27.45 27.52 27.53 27. 65 27.69 27.73 27.74 27.76 27.76 27.77 27.77 Station 4637: Apr. 4; latitude 48°16.5' N., longitude 47 19' W.; depth 1,880 meters; dynamic height 970.842 0 26 52 78 104.... 156-... 208.... 312-... 415 626-... 840 1,052.. 1,587.. 2.34 2.21 2.35 2.40 2.36 2.91 3.31 3.51 3.52 3.66 3.51 3.39 3.30 34.32 34.36 34.43 34.44 34.64 34.78 34.82 34.86 34.90 34. 885 34.89 34.91 0--.. 25--. 50-.. 75... 100- . 150.. 200- - 300- . 400-- 600- - 800- . 1.000 1,500 2.34 34.32 27.42 2.20 34.36 27.47 2.35 34.43 27.50 2.40 34.44 27.51 2.35 34.44 27.51 2.85 34.62 27.62 3.25 34.77 27.70 3.50 34.82 27.72 3.55 34.86 27.74 3.65 34.90 27.76 3.50 34.89 27.77 3.40 34.89 27.78 3.35 34.91 27.80 Station 4638; Apr. 4; latitude 47°55.5' N , longitude 47°35' W.; depth 351 meters: dynamic height 970.920 0.. 25. 48. 73- 96. 146 194 -0.49 -0.29 0.02 0.98 1.25 1.84 2.26 33.14 33.50 33.68 33.96 34.08 34.32 34.46 0...- 25-.. 50... 75--. 100.. 150.. 200 (300) . -0.49 -0.29 0.05 1.00 1.30 1.90 2.30 2.90 33.14 26.65 33.50 26.93 33.70 27. 33.981 27.24 34.10! 27.32 34.34! 27.47 34.48! 27.55 34.68 27.66 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- o 1- pera- ^alm- ture, I Ity. ° C 7o Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- Pe»-a-| ity ture, I - ■'' ° C Salin- 7„ ^1^*0??, ^S?^= ^"P^-J' latitude 47°45' N., longitude 070 007 •' ''P^^ ^^^ meters; dynamic height y /u.yyy 0-. 24- 47. 72. 95- 143 191 242 -0. 60 -0.83 1 -1.07| -0. 75: -0. 44I 0. 09i 1.521 1.91 33.04 ! 0 33.16 I 25 .. 33.31 50 33.38 75-. 33.51 100---. 33.73 150--.- 34.09 200 34.27 |!(300).- -0.60 -0.35 -1.05; 33.04 33.17 33.32 -0. 70! 33. 40! -0. 40! 33. 54 i 0.25 33.78' I.60I 34. 13 2.20! 34.411 26.57 26.66 26.81 26.87 26.97 27.13 27.32 27.61 ?io^n,l?°4^^°','^P!:- ^' latitude 47°42.5' N., loneitude 48 08 W.; depth 241 meters; dynamic height 0-. 23- 46. 69- 92. 139 185 -0.65 -0.77 -1.07 -1. 13 -0.83 -0.60 0.26 32.88 32.96 33.10 33.22 33.36 33.44 33.72 0.-- 25-. 50-- 75-. 100- 150. 200. -0.65 -0.75 -1.10 -1.15 -0. 76 -0.50 0.55 32.88 32.97 33.12 33.26 33.37 33.48 33.81 26.45 26.52 26.65 26.77 26.84 26.92 27.14 Station 4641; Apr. 5; latitude 47°40' N., longitude ^8 30' W.; depth 207 meters: dynamic height 0-- 27- 52- 79. 105 158 -0.53 -0.53 -0.79 -0.91 -0.77 0.30 32.90 32.97 33.20 33.30 33.34 33.62 0-.- 25-. 50-. 75.. 100. 150- (200) -0.53 -0.55 -0. 75 -0. 90, 32.90 32.96 33.19 33.29 0.801 3.3.33 0.15 33.58 0.75! 33.81 26.45 26.50 26.70 26.78 26.81 26.97 27.13 Station 4642; Apr. 5; latitude 47°37' N., longitude 48 54 W., depth 173 meters; dvnamic height 971.045 0-- 27- 54. 81- 107 162 -0.70 -0.75 -1.03 -0.94 -0.63 0.46 32.85 32.87 33.11 33.27 33.38 33.63 0 25 50...- 75-... 100.-. 150... -0.70 -0.75 -1.00 -0.95 -0.70 0.25 32.85 32.86 33. 07 33.24 33. 35 33.57 26.42 26.43 26.61 26.75 26.82 26.97 Station 4643; Apr. 5; latitude 47°49' N., longitude 48°42' W.; depth 220 meters; dynamic height 971.048 0-. 23- 46- 69- 92- 138 184 -0.54 -0.54 -1.05 -1.11 -0.86 -0.29 0.75 32.89 32.90 33.05 '33.' 28 33.50 33.74 0 -0.54 25 -0.55 50 -1.05 75 1-1.10 100. -.-i -0.75 150 -0.05 (200)-.. 1.10 89 26.44 91 1 26.46 07| 26. 61 19 26. 71 32 26.80 56 26.97 82! 27.11 58 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters lure, ° C Salin- ity, "loo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo Station 4644; Apr. 5; latitude 48°00' N., longitude 48°32' W.; depth 312 meters; dynamic height 971.020 0 2'> -0. 50 32.87 0 -0. 50 32.87 26.43 -0. 56 32.90 25 -0.60 32. 95 26.49 -1 '7 33.18 50 -1.15 33.20 26.72 fi5 -1.07 33.26 75 -0.95 33. 30 26.79 87 -0. 84 33. 36 100---- -0.60 33. 44 26.89 131 0.24 33.64 150---- 0.95 33.79 27.09 174 1.55 33.98 200---- 1.70 34.10 27.29 261_---- 1.89 .34. 28 (300)--- 2.00 34.38 27.49 Station 4645; Apr. 5; latitude 48°06.6' N., longitude 4S°27' W.; depth 739 meters; dynamic height 970.969 0 -0.80 33. 04 0 -0.80 33.04 26.58 21 -1.10 33.12 25----- -1.10 33.15 26.67 42 -1.03 33.29 50----- -0.90 33.34 26.83 63 -0.61 33.41 75----. -0.50 33.47 26.92 84 -0.42 33. 53 100---- 0.00 33.66 27. 05 126 0.86 33.90 150---- 1.20 34.07 27.31 169 - 1.40 34.18 200---- 1.80 ,34. 32 27.47 253 2.34 .34. 48 300---- 2.55 34.56 27.60 319 2.64 34.58 400---- 3.10 34.72 27.68 505 3.56 34. 84 (600)--- 3.60 34.88 27.75 Station 4646; Apr. 5; latitude 4 48°14' W.; depth 1,962 meter 970.834 °30' N., longitude ; dynamic height 0 2.31 34.39 0 2.31 34.39 27.48 21 2.31 34.39 25----- 2.30 34.39 27.48 42 2.39 34.40 50----- 2.35 34.39 27.47 63 2.26 34. 37 75 2.45 34.46 27.52 84 2.62 34.56 100---- 2.75 34.62 27. 63 127 -- 2.91 34.69 150---- 3.05 34.74 27.69 169 3.18 34.77 200---- 3.25 34.79 27.71 253 3.35 34. 81 300---- 3.35 34.82 27.73 391 3.38 34.84 400---- 3.40 34.84 27.74 588 3.52 34.86 600---- 3.50 34.86! 27.75 788 3.47 34.90 800---- 3.45 34.891 27.77 990 3.40 34.88 1,000. . 3.40 34.88! 27.77 1,498-.. 3.35 34.92 1,500.. 3.35 34.91i 27.80 1 Station 4647; Apr. 5; latitude 48°53' N., longitude 48°00' W.; depth 2,320 meters; dynamic height 970.823 0 3.81 34.40 0 3.81 34.40 27.35 25 3.61 34.42 25 3.61 34.42 27.39 60 3.05 34.50 50 3.05 34. 50 27.50 75 2.66 34.52 75 2.66 34.52 27.56 99 3.05 34.61 100...- 3.05 34.62 27.60 150 3.59 34.81 150.-.. 3.60 34.81 27.70 200 3.54 34.84 200.-.. 3.55 34.84 27.72 299 3.54 34.86 300.... 3.55 34.86 27. 74 338 .. 3.59 34.87 400.... 3.55 34.87 27.76 515 3.43 34.87 600.... 3.40 34.87 27.77 696 3.41 34.88 800...- 3.40 34.90 27.79 886 3.36 34.91 1,000-. 3.35 34.90 27.79 1,390... 3.35 34.89 (1,500) . 3.35 34.90 27.79 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo station 4648; Apr. 6; latitude 49°17.5' N., longitude 47°49' W.; depth 2,598 meters; dynamic height 970.831 0 3.94 34. 37 0 3.94 34.37 27.32 26 3.90 34.37 25 3.90 34.37 27.32 51 2.93 34.52 50 2.95 34.52 27.53 76 2.87 34.54 75 2.90 34.54 27.55 101 2.85 34.60 100-.. . 2.85 34.60 27.60 153 3.59 34.81 150.... 3.55 34.81 27.70 204 3.39 34.82 200.... 3.40 34.82 27.73 305 3.34 34.84 300.-.. 3.30 34.84 27. 75 438 3.41 34. 85 400.... 3.40 34.85 27.75 653 3. 53 34.88 600 --- 3.50 34.87 27.76 865 .. 3.43 34.89 800.--. 3.45 34.89 27.77 1,082. - - 3.34 34.88 1,000-- 3.35 34.88 27.77 1,625-.. 3.20 34.93 1,500.. 3.251 34.92 27.82 Station 4649; Apr. 6; latitude 49°41' N., longitude 47°42' W.; depth 2,651 meters; dynamic height 970.894 0 4.85 34.34 0 4.85 34.34 27.15 24 4.86 34.36 25 4.85 34.36 27.21 48 4.70 34.50 50 4.70 34.51 27.34 72 4.62 34.58 75 4.65 34.58 27.40 96 4.58 34. 57 100.... 4.60 34.57 27.40 143 4.46 34.58 150.... 4.25 34.58 27.44 191 2.68 34.50 200.--. 2.70 34.52 27.55 287 3.66 34.77 300.-.. 3.60 34.78 27.67 359 3.38 34.79 400.-.. 3.40 34.80 27.71 542 ... 3.43 34. 84 600.... 3.45 34.86 27.75 728 3.68 34.90 800.-.. 3.65 34.90 27.76 914 .. 3.58 34. 885 1,000-. 3.50 34.89 27.77 1,387... 3.33 34.87 (1,500) . 3.30 34.87 27.78 Station 4650; Apr. 6; latitude 49°50' N., longitude 48°20' W.; depth 2,561 meters; dynamic height 970.850 0---. 26... 50... 76-.. 100- - 152.. 202.. 302.. 381.. 580.. 785.. 994.. 1,534 4.52 3.94 3.51 3.75 3.73 3.91 3.17 3.24 3.37 3.45 3.42 3.37 3.34 34.26 0 4.52 34.26 34.38 25 3.95 34.37 34.50 50 3.50 34.50 34.62 75 3.75 34.62 34.68 100.... 3.75 34.68 34.80 150.... 3.90 34.80 34.77 200.... 3.20 34.77 34.80 300.... 3.25 34.80 34.82 400.... 3.40 34.83 34.86 600... . 3.45 34.86 34.86 800.... 3.40 34.86 34.86 1,000-- 3.35 34. 86 34.91 1,500-. 3.35 34.91 27.17 27.32 27.46 27.53 27.57 27.66 27.71 27.72 27.73 27.75 27.76 27.76 27.80 59 Table of Qceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C Salin- ity, 7„o Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, " C Salin- ity. 7oo Station 4651; Apr. 6; latitude 49°59.5' N., longitude 49°00' W.; depth 2,607 meters; dynamic height 970.825 0.... 27.-- 53... 79.-. 105- - 169- . 211.- 316.. 404- . 611 -- 824-. 1,035 1,571 3.29 3.12 2.82 2.31 2.31 2.63 2.85 3.16 •3.45 3.37 3.31 3.31 3.30 34.42 34.45 34.45 34.48 34.57 34. 68 34.76 34.81 34.86 34.87 34.87 34.88 34.915 0 25---. 50 -.- 75---- 100- - - 150..- 200- - . 300- . - 400- - - 600. - - 800- -. 1,000- 1, 500- 3.29 3.15 2.85 2.40 2.25 2.55 2 3.10 3.45 3.35 3.30 3.30 3.30 34.42 34.45 34. 45 34.47 34.55 34.66 34.74 34.80 34.86 34.87 34.87 34.88 34.91 27.42 27.45 27.48 27.54 27.61 27.68 27.71 27.74 27.75 27.77 27.78 27.78 27.81 Station 4652; Apr. 6; latitude 49°34' N., longitude 49°10' W.; depth 1,685 meters; dynamic height 970.846 0 28 57.--... 85 114 171 228 342---. 475- 720 971 1,214... 2.09 2.04 2.04 2.27 2.62 2, 3.35 3.46 '3.50 3.58 3.48 3.37 34.30 34.39 34.44 34.60 34.59 34.70 34.80 34.83 34.84 34.87 34.89 34.87 0 25-.-- 50---- 75...- 100--. 150--. 200---. .300--.. 400.... 600--.. 800--.. 1,000-. (1, 500) . 2. 2.05 2.05 2.20 2.50 2 3.15 3.45 3.50 3.55 3.56 3.45 3. .30 34.30 34.38 34.43 34.47 34.64 34.66 34.75 34.82 34.84 34.86 34.88 34.89 34.88 27.42 27.49 27.53 27. 56 27.58 27. 65 27.69 27.72 27.73 27.74 27.75 27.77 27.78 Station 4653; Apr. 6; latitude 49°12.5' ivT., longitude 49°19' VV.; depth 1,650 metws; dynamic height 970.851 0 24 49 73 97 146.... 195-.-. 292.-.. 476.--- 720...- 969.-.. 1,198.. 1,585.. 2. 2.44 2.43 2.36 2.28 2, 2.9? 3 3.44 3.46 3.44 3.34 3. .32 34.33 34.39 34.38 34.40 34.45 34.59 34.72 34.78 34.85 34.86 34.89 34.88 34.90 0---- 25-.. 60... 76--- 100- - 150- . 200- . 300- . 400.- 600- . 800- - 1,000 1,500 2.33 2.45 2.46 2.35 2.30 2.70 2.95 3.30 .3.45 .3.45 3.45 3.40 3.30 34.33 34.38 34.38 34.40 34.46 34.60 34.73 34.79 34. 83 34.86 34.87 34.89 34.90 27.42 27. 45 27.45 27.48 27.54 27.61 27.69 27.71 27.72 27.75 27.76 27.78 27.80 Station 4654; Apr. 7; latitude 48°41' N., longitude 49 31' W.; depth 1,100 meters; dynamic height 0-- 24. 48- 72- 95. 143 190 285 376 562 763. 911. -0.28 -0.08 0.03 0.59 0.94 1.59 2.62 2.73 2.97 3.69 3.62 3.65 33.45 33.58 33.73 33.84 34.08 34.28 34.46 34.62 34.70 34.87 34.89 34.89 0 25-... 50.-.. 76.-.. 100-.- 150.-. 200--. 300.-. 400--. 600-.- 800... (1, 000) -0.28 -0.06 0.05 0.65 1.00 1. 75 2.66 2.75 3.05 3.70 3.60 3.50 33.46 33.69 33.74 33.85 34.09 34.30 34.48 34.63 34.72 34.88 .34. 89 34.89 26.89 26.99 27.11 27.16 27.33 27.45 27.52 27.63 27.68 27.74 27.76 27.77 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem-L„i- _pr„ Salm- ture, W' O C loo station 4656; Apr. 7; latitude 48°31' N., longitude 49 35' W.; depth 629 meters; djTiamic height 970.933 0-- 24- 47. 71. 94- 142 190 284, 332 624. -0.21 -0.16 0.60 0.51 0.66 1.29 2.35 2.54 2.94 3.60 33.42 33.46 33.84 33.90 33.92 34.16 34.40 34.54 34.66 34.86 0 25.... 50...- 75.... 100.-. 150..- 200-.- 300-.. 400--- (600) - - -0.21 -0.10 0.60 0.55 0.60 1.60 2.40 2.70 3.30 3.65 3.3. 42 33.57 33.85 33.91 33. 94 34,20 34.42 34. 58 34.78 34.88 26.87 26.98 27.17 27.22 27.23 27.39 27. 50 27.59 27.70 27.74 Station 4656; Apr. 7; latitude 48°13' N., longitude 49°39' W.; depth 223 meters; dynamic height 971.054 0-. 24. 48- 72. 95- 143 190 -0.72 -0.73 -1.00 -1.20 -1.11 -0.27 1.18 32.76 32.77 32.81 32.99 33.19 33.49 33.84 0--- 26-. 50-- 75.. 100- 1.50- (200) -0.72 -0.75 -1.00 -1.20 -1.05 -0.06 1.45 32. 76 32.77 32.81 33.00 33.22 33.53 33.93 26.35 26.36 26.40 26.56 26.73 26.94 27.17 Station 4057; Apr. 7; latitude 47°68' N., longitude 49° 42' W.; depth 175 meters; dynamic height 971.048 0.. 25- 49. 74- 99- 148 -0.66 -0.69 -1.03 -1.08 -1.04 0.20 32.80 32.82 32.93 33.12 33.23 33.53 0- 25 50 75 100.-.- 150-.-. -0.66 -0.69 -1.05 -1.10 -1.05 0.25 32.80 32. 82 32.93 33.12 33. 23 33.54 26.39 26.40 26.50 26.66 26.74 26.94 Station 4658; Apr. 7; latitude 47°47' N., longitude 49°45' W.; depth 114 meters; dynamic height 971.042 0 -0.16 23 1-0.39 46 1-0.98 68 -1.06 90 -0.32 32.78 32. 83 32. 97 33.04 33.30 0 26 50 75 (100)... -0.16 -0.45 -1.05 -0. 90 0 00 32. 78 32. 86 32. 99 33.09 33.40 26. 35 26.42 26.55 26.62 26.84 Station 4659; Apr. 7; latitude 47°21' N., longitude 49°69' W.; depth 94 meters; dymanic height 971.063 0- 26 52 78 0.45 0.22 0.13 -0.29 32.68 32.72 32.73 32.82 0- 26 50 75 0.45 0 20 0.16 -0.25 32.68 32.72 32.73 32.81 26.24 26.28 26.29 26.38 Station 4660; Apr. 7; latitude 47°33' N., longitude 50°25' W.; depth 123 meters; dynamic height 971.064 0. 25 60 74 0.32 0.28 -0.03 -0.31 -0.28 32.68 32.67 32.71 32.93 33.10 0-- 25- 50- 76- 100 0.32 0.28 -0.03 -0.30 -0.30 32.68 32. 57 32.71 32.94 33.11 26.17 26.16 26.28 26.48 26.61 60 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7„o station 4661; Apr. 7; latitude 47°42..5' N., longitude 50°42' W; depth 128 meters; dynamic height 971.057 0-. 24. 48. 72 96 -0.09 -0.15 -0.29 -0.78 -0.40 32.74 32.73 32.74 32.88 33.10 0-- 25- 50- 75- 100 -0.09 -0.15 -0. 35 0.75 32.741 26.31 32.73] 26.31 32.74 26.32 32. 90! 26.46 -0.30 33.151 26.64 Station 4602; Apr. 8; latitude 47°5q' N., longitude 51°00' W.; depth 123 meters; dynamic height 971.063 0-- 25-. 51- 76- 102 0.10 0.02 -0.42 -0.83 -0.36 32.61 32.61 32.70 32.79 33.15 0- 25 50 75 100 0.10 32.61 0.02 32.61 -0.35 32.70 -0.80 32.79 -0.40 33.13 26.21 26.21 26.28 26. 38 26.64 Station 4663; Apr. 8; latitude 47°58' N., longitude 51°20' W.; depth 194 meters; dynamic height 971.055 0--. 25- 50- 75- 100 150 -0.54 -0.58 -0.72 -1.07 -0.75 -0.36 32.65 32.67 32.78 32.98 33.12 33.29 0-- 25- 50- 75- 100 150 -0.54 -0.58 -0.72 -1.07 -0.75 -0.36 32.65 32.67 32.78 32.98 33.12 33.29 26.26 26.27 26.37 26.54 26.64 26.75 Station 4664; Apr. 8; latitude 48°06.5' N., longitude .51°39' W.; depth 220 meters; dynamic height 971.046 0 -0.70 32.66 0 -0.70 32.66 26.27 25 -0. 85 32.70 25 -0.85 32.70 26.30 49 -1.18 32.96 50 -1.15 32.97 26.53 74 -1.31 33.01 75 -1.30 33.01 26.57 98 -1.15 33.13 100.-_. -1.10 33.13 26.66 147 -0.80 33.28 150.--- -0.75 33.29 26.77 Station 4665; Apr. 8; latitude 48°14' N., longitude 51°58' W.; depth 181 meters; dynamic height 971.060 0 -0.77 32.41 0 -0.77 32.41 26.08 24 -0.89 32.44 25 -0.90 32.44 26.10 48 -1.39 32.73 50 -1.40 32.74 26.36 72 -1.50 32.84 75 -1.50 32.85 26.44 97 -1.41 33.00 100.__- -1.35 33.02 26.58 145 -0. .33 33.34 150...- -0.20 33.37 26.82 Station 4666; Apr. 8; latitude 48°23.5' N., longitude 52°22' W.; depth 197 meters; djTiamic height 971.057 0 -0.89 32.54 0 -0.89 32.54 26.19 23 -1.03 32.60 25 -1.05 ,32. 60 26.24 47 -1.30 32.74 50 -1.35 32.75 26. 36 70 -1.49 32.82 75 -1.50 32.85 26.44 93 -1.36 33.00 100.... -1.30 33.03 26.58 140 -1.00 33.22 (150)-- -0.90 33.26 26.76 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, 7oo station 4667; Apr. 8; latitude 48°34' N., 52°41' W., longitude depth 274 meters; dynamic height 971.049 26.30 26.31 26.34 26.47 26.62 26.82 26.96 0 -0.92 32.68 0 - -0.92 32.68 24 -0.95 32.70 25 -0.95 32.70 47 - -1.11 32.72 50 -1.15 32.73 71 -1.52 32.86 75 -1.50 32.89 94 -1.30 33.04 100-.. . -1.25 33.07 141 -1.18 33.29 150-... -1.00 33.33 188 -0.26 33.48 200--.. 0.05 33. 55 235 1.01 33. 82 Station 4668; Apr. 8; latitude 48°38.5' N., longitude 52°49' W.; depth 119 meters; dynamic height 971.054 0 -0.97 32.61 0 -0.97 32.61 26.25 23 -1.04 32.61 25 -1.05 32.61 26.25 45 -1.20 32.65 50 -1.25 32. 68 26.30 68 -1.48 32.82 75 -1.40 32.88 26.47 90 -1.03 32.99 (100)-.. -0.90 33.07 26.61 Station 4669; Apr. 8; latitude 48°44' N., longitude 52°58' W.; depth 107 meters; dynamic height 971.060 0. 25 50 75 -1.13 -1.14 -1.40 -1.48 32.55 32.55 32. 66 32.80 0 25 50..-- 75-.-. (100)- -1.13 -1.14 -1.40 -1.48 -1.25 32.55 32.55 32.66 32.80 32.95 26.19 26.19 26.29 26. 41 26. 52 Station 4670; Apr. 8; latitude 48°46' N., longitude 52°51' W.; depth 174 meters; dynamic height 971.049 0 -0.79 32.65 0 -0.79 32. 65 26. 26 23 -0.88 32.69 25 -0.90 32.69 26.30 46 —0.97 32.71 50 -1.05 32.73 26.34 69 -1.44 32.86 75 -1.40 32.90 26.48 91 -1.33 33.03 100--.. -1.25 33. 09 26.63 136 -0.74 33.30 (150)-- -0. 45 33.38 26.84 Station 4671; Apr. 8; latitude 48°48' N.. longitude 52°46' W.; depth 229 meters; dynamic height 971.048 0 —0.84 32.68 0 -0. 84 32. 68 26.29 25 -0.87 32.69 25 -0.87 32. 69 26.29 49 74 98 —1.02 32.70 50 -1.00 32.70 26.31 — 1 44 32.89 75 -1.45 32. 90 26.48 -1.25 33.07 100 -1.25 33.10 26.64 148 -1.22 33.31 150.-.. -1.20 33. 47 26. 95 197-..- 0.48 33.70 200...- 0.70 33. 7i 27.05 61 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, 7,0 Station 4672; Apr. 8; latitude 48°53' N., longitude 52 30 W.; depth 351 meters; dynamic height 971.069 0.- 25. 50- 74. 99. 149 198 297 -0.90 -0.91 -1.25 -1.44 -1.40 -1.73 -0.27 1.78 32.66 32.66 32.73 32.89 33. 06 33. 29 33.52 34.20 0--.- 25... 50... 75. -. 100.. 150.. 200.. 300- - -0.90 -0.91 -1.25 -1.45 -1.40 -1.75 -0.20 1.80 32.66 32.66 32.73 32.90 33.07 33.29 33. 53 34.22 26.28 26.28 26.34 26.48 26.62 26.80 26.95 27.39 Station 4673; Apr. 8; latitude 48°59' N., longitude ^l^y.'^'-' '^^P^^ -9" meters; dynamic height 971.054 0..- 25-- 50-- 75.. 100. 150. 200. 280. -0.96 32.61 -0.85 32.69 -1.06 -1.49 -1.29 -1.71 0.45 2.38 32.72 33.01 33.15 33. 30 33. 08 34.52 0... 25. . 50.- 75.. 100. 150. 200. -0.96 -0.85 -l.Ofi -1.49 -1.29 -1.71 0.45 32.61 32.69 32.72 33. 01 33. 15 33.30 33.68 26.25 26.29 26.33 26.58 26.68 26.81 27.03 Station 4674; Apr. 8; latitude 49°03.5' N., longitude 51° 57' W.; depth 297 meters; dynamic height 0.- 24. 48- 72- 95- 143 191 272 0.- 25. 50. 75. 100 150 200 -1.28 -1.50 -1.60 -1.50 -1.05 -1.35 0.90 32.68 32.74 33.18 33.29 33. 37 33. 47 33.92 26.30 26.36 26.71 2fi. 80 26.85 26.95 27.21 Station 4675; Apr. 8; latitude 49°10' N., longitude 51 36 W.; depth 284 meters; dynamic height •7 /U. 1700 0-- 23. 46. 70. 93. 139 185 241 -0.58 -0.74 -0.92 -0.94 -0.76 -0.20 1.17 1.86 33.03 33.14 33.24 33. 32 33. 43 33. 67 33. 98 34.26 0... 25.- 50.- 75.. 100. ISO. 200. -0.58 -0.75 -0.90 -0.90 -0.70 0.15 1.40 33.03 33. 15 33. 26 33. 34 33.46 33.73 34.06 26.56 26.66 26.76 26.83 26.92 27.09 27.28 Station 4676; Apr. 9; latitude 49°19.5' N., longitude 51 06 W.; depth 326 meters; dynamic height 970.935 0.. 25- 49. 74. 99. 148 197 296 -0.39 -0.29 -0. 55 -0.40 -0.03 1.10 1.78 2.74 33.32 33.38 33. 57 33.62 33.70 34.06 34.32 34.61 0... 25.. 50.. 75.. 100. 150. 200. 300- -0.39 -0.29 -0.55 -0. 35 0.00 1.15 1.80 2.80 33.32 33.38 33.57 33.62 33. 70 34.08 34.33 34.62 26.79 26.83 27.00 27.03 27.08 27.31 27.47 27.62 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salm- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity. 7oo station 4677; Apr. 9; latitude 49°28' N., longitude 50 39 W.; depth 335 meters; djTiamic height 0.. 25. 50. 74. 99. 149 -0.35 -0.47 -0.42 0.35 0.99 0.83 33.37 33.45 33. 59 33.76 33. 99 34.14 100... 150... (200).. (300).. -0.35 -0.4 -0. 42 0.35 1.00 0.85 1.85 2.95 33.37 33.45 33.59 33. 77 33.99 34.15 34.52 34.69 26.82 26.90 27.01 27.12 27.25 27.39 27.62 27.66 station 4678; Apr. 9; latitude 49°40' N., longitude 50°02' W.; depth 620 meters; dynamic height 970.861 0.- 25- 49. 74. 98- 148 198 296 401 596 1.21 34.00 0 1.21 34.00 0.95 34. 00 25 0.95 34.00 0.83 34. 06 50--.-. 0.85 34.07 1.14 34.18 75 1.15 34.19 1.62 34.32 100.... 1.65 34.33 1.98 34.46 150.... 2.00 34.47 2.50 34.57 200.--. 2.50 34.58 2.93 34.71 300-.. . 2.95 34.72 3.31 34.81 400---- 3.20 34.81 3.46 34.89 600---. 3.45 34.89 27.25 27.26 27.33 27.40 27.48 27.57 27.61 27.69 27.74 27.77 Station 4679; Apr. 9; latitude 49°48' N., longitude ^ 49°31' W.; depth 1,340 meters; dynamic height 0... 25... 49... 74... 98--- 147-. 196.. 294.. 383-. 577.. 772-. 968.. 1,264 0.84 0.83 0.70 1.03 1.4 1.9' 1.96 3.3 3.35 3.40 3.53 3.57 3.35 33.90 33.91 34.06 34.14 34.32 34. 46 34.49 34.73 34.78 34.84 34.88 34. 885 34.90 0..-. 25... 50... 75... 100.. 150- . 200.. 300.. 400.. 600.. 800- . 1,000 0.84 0.83 0.70 1.05 1.50 2.00 2.00 3.35 3.35 3.40 3.55 3.55 33. 90 33.91 34. 06 34.15 34. 33 34.46 34.50 34.73 34.79 34.85 34.88 34.89 27.19 27.20 27.33 27.38 27.49 27.56 27.59 27.65 27.70 27.75 27.75 27.76 Station 4680; Apr. 9; latitude 50=00' X., longitude 49°00' W.; depth 1,905 meters; dynamic height 970.815 0... 24.. 47.- 70-. 93.. 140. 186. 279.. 324.- 488.. 654.. 826.. 1,271 3.49 3.29 2.54 3.04 2.49 3.43 3.41 3.70 3.41 3.30 3.32 3.32 3.32 34.43 34.44 34.50 34.65 34.63 34. 82 34.83 34.89 34.86 34. 845 34.87 34.88 34.90 0.... 25-.. 50... 75... 100.. 150-- 200- - 300- . 400- . 1,000.. (1,500) 3.49 3.30 2.55 3.00 2.60 3.45 3.45 3.60 3.35 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 34.43 34.44 34.52 34. 65 34. 66 34.82 34.84 34.88 34.85 34.86 34. 88 34.89 34.90 27.40 27.43 27.57 27.63 27.67 27.72 27.73 27.75 27.75 27.77 27.78 27.79 27.80 62 Table of Oceanograpbic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture ° C Salin- ity, 7„o Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, 7oo station 4681; Apr. 9; latitude 50°17' N., longitude 50°06' W.; depth 1,074 meters; dynamic height 1454.649 0 1.14 33.99 0 1.14 33.99 27.24 24 1.12 34.04 25 1.10 34. 04 27.29 48 1.32 34.12 50 1.35 34.14 27.36 72 1.55 34.27 75 1.65 34.27 27.44 96 1.54 34.30 100--.. 1.55 34.31 27.47 142 1.80 34.41 150.--- 1.85 34.43 27.54 190 2.1.3 34.49 200---- 2.20 34.51 27.59 286 360 3.01 3.09 34.68 34.73 300---- 400---- 3.05 3.20 34. 70 34.76 27.66 27.70 539 3.52 34.85 600.... 3.55 34.86 27.74 716 3.62 34.88 800---- 3.55 34.89 27.76 908 3.48 34.89 (1,000) 3.45 34.89 27.77 Station 4682; Apr. 9; latitude 50°38.5' N., longitude 50°50' W.; depth 370 meters; dynamic height 1,454.657 0 -0.15 33.40 0 -0. 15 33.40 20 0.52 33.79 25 0.50 33.80 41 0.40 33.81 50 0.40 33.85 61 0.38 33.91 75 0.65 34.01 82 0.80 34.06 100.--- 1.10 34.16 122 1.39 34.27 150.--- 1.90 34.37 163 2.05 34.41 200..-- 2.40 34.53 245 2.72 34.64 300 3.05 34.74 26.85 27.13 27.18 27.29 27.39 27.50 27.58 27.69 Station 4683; Apr. 10; latitude 50°36.5' N., longitude 50°40' W.; depth 704 meters; dynamic height 1,454.642 0 -0.26 33.34 0 -0.26 33.34 26.80 20 -0.24 33.54 25 -0.10 33.63 27.02 39 0.37 33.94 50 0.65 34.08 27.34 59 0.96 75 1.35 34.25 27.44 78 1.44 34.28 100--.. 1.70 34.35 27.49 116 --. 1.84 34.40 150---. 2.20 34.49 27.57 155 2.25 34.50 200..-- 2.50 34.61 27.64 210 *2.53 34. 63 300 3.05 34.75 27.70 360 3.33 34.80 400-.. . 3.45 34.8-3 27.72 508 3.58 34.88 (600)-. 1 3.55 34.89 27.76 Station 4684; Apr. 10; latitude 50°34' N., lontitude 50°23' W.; depth 1,060 meters; dynamic height 1,454.694 0 -0.73 33.23 0 -0.73 33.23 26.73 23 -0.64 33.41 25 -0.55 33.43 26.88 44 0.11 33.67 50 0.20 33.72 27.09 67 0.33 33. 86 75 0.35 33.90 27.22 89 0.34 33.94 100 0.45 33.99 27.28 134 1.09 34.20 150-..- 1.50 34.29 27.46 178 2.08 34.42 200 2.30 34.49 27.56 267 2.70 34.61 300-..- 2.90 34.67 27.66 267 .. 2.76 34.63 400-.-- 3.25 34. 76 27.69 413 3.29 34.77 600-.-- 3.55 34.85 27.73 567 3.50 34.84 (800)..- .3.60 34.88 27.75 733 3.58 34.88 (1,000). 3.50 34.891 27.77 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7o„ Station 4685; Apr. 10; latitude 50°26.5' N., longitude 49°28' W.; depth, 1,609 meters, dynamic height 1,454.596 0 3.09 34.35 0 3.09 34.35 27.38 24 3.28 34.38 25 3.30 34.38 27.38 47 3.13 34.44 50 3.10 34.45 27.46 71 2.54 34.52 75 2.45 34.52 27.57 94 2.22 34.52 100..-- 2.25 34.52 27.59 141 2.59 34. 63 150-.. . 2.65 34.65 27.66 188 2.96 34.72 200-.. . 3.05 34.74 27.69 282 3.46 300.... 3.45 34. 83 27.72 289 3.38 34.82 400... . 3.40 34.86 27.76 443 3.36 34.86 600... . 3.40 34.86 27.76 606 3.38 34.86 800---. 3.30 34.87 27.78 774 .3.33 34.87 1,000-. 3.30 34.88 27.78 1,185... 3.31 34.89 (1,.500)- 3.30 34.90 27.80 Station 4686; Apr. 10; latitude 50°16' N., longitude 48°23' W.; depth 2,469 meters; dynamic height 1,454.606 0 4.65 34.32 0 4.65 34.32 27.20 23 4.33 .34. 32 25 4.25 34.32 27.24 46 3.51 34.52 50 3.45 34.53 27.48 69 2.99 34.55 75 2.85 34.55 27.56 92 2.34 34.54 100.--- 2.45 34.55 27.59 139 3.01 34.72 150.--. 3.00 34.73 27.69 185 2.97 34.74 200...- 3.00 34.75 27.71 277 361 3.30 3.49 34.82 34.86 300.--. 400--.- 3.40 3.50 34.84 34.86 27.74 27.75 541 3.46 34.87 600.... 3.45 34.87 27.76 722 3.47 34.88 800-.. . 3.45 34.88 27.76 912 3.42 34.89 1,000.- 3.40 34,89 27.78 1,406..- 3.36 34.90 (1,500)- 3.35 34.90 27.79 Station 4687; Apr. 10; latitude 50°07.5' N., longitude 47°18' W.; depth 2,834 meters; dynamic height 1,454.611 0 5.00 14 4.93 28 4.71 42 3.99 56 3.86 85 2.35 113 2.49 169 2.64 278 3.47 430 3.37 592 3.41 761 3.31 1,216... 3.28 34.27 34.27 34.29 34.44 34.45 34.44 34.61 34.72 34.83 34.84 34.87 34.87 34.87 0 - 25 50 75 100.-.. 150--.. 200..- 300-- 400... 600.-- 800... 1,000. (1,500) 5,00 34.27 27.12 4 75 34.28 27.15 3 90 34.45 27.38 ?. 80 34.44 27.47 2 45 34.52 27.57 2 60 34.69 27.69 ? 85 34.76 27.73 3. 45 34.84 27.73 .3.40 34.84 27.74 3 40 34.87 27.77 3 30 34.87 27.78 3 30 34.87 27.78 3.25 34.88 27.78 63 Tahle of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °0 Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, 7oo Station 4688; Apr. 10; latitude 49°58' N., longitude 46 14' W.; depth 3,110 meters; dynamic height 1,454.744 0 7.75 23 7.74 45 7.76 67 7.77 89 136 7.76 180 8.02 269 5.82 286 5.52 434 4.33 588 3.68 756 3.63 1,212... 3.42 34.71 34.72 34.72 34.72 34.72 34.72 34.98 34.88 34.86 34.92 34.87 34.89 34.90 0 25 50 75.... 100... 150... 200... 300... 400... 600... 800... 1,000. (1,500) 7.75 7.75 7.75 7.75 7.75 7.80 7.55 5.35 4.55 3.65 3.60i 3.55 3.35 34.71 34.72 34.72 34.72 34.72 34.78 34.96 34.86 34.91 34.87 34.89 34.90 34.90 27.10 27.11 27.11 27.11 27.11 27.15 27.33 27.54 27.68 27.74 27.76 27.77 27.79 Station 4689; Apr. 1]; latitude 4g°48' N., longitude 44°51' W.; depth 2,380 meters; d-sniamic height 1,454.645 0 29 57 85 113.... 170.. _. 227.... 340.... 437..-. 655 873.... 1,094-. 1,652.- 6.09 34.17 0 6.09 34.17 6.06 34.18 25 6.05 34.18 4.01 34.38 50 4.50 34.31 4.06 34.61 75 4.05 34. 54 3.66 34.62 100..-. 3.80 34.61 4.08 34.78 1.50--.- 3.95 34.73 4.26 34.87 200 4.20 34.84 3.71 34.85 300 3.85 34.86 3.67 34.88 400 3.70 34.86 3.64 34.90 600..-. 3.65 34.90 3.50 34.89 800-.-- .3.55 34.90 3.38 34. 885 1,000.- 3.45 34.89 3.36 34.93 1,500-. 3.35 34.91 26.91 26.92 27.21 27.43 27.52 27. ,59 27.66 27.71 27.73 27.76 27.77 27.77 27.80 Station 4690; Apr. 11; latitude .50°35.5' N., longitude 44 59 W.; depth 4,024 meters; dvnamic height 1,454.701 0... 23.. 45.. 68.. 91.. 137. 182. 273. 296. 450- 610. 785. 1,26; 8.44 34.62 0 8.44 34.62 6.31 34.41 25 6.20 34.39 5.64 34.35 50 5.55 34.35 5.31 34.36 75 5.30 34.36 5.28 34.38 100...- 5.30 34.42 5.55 34.70 150..-. 5.25 34.70 4.40 34.70 200-..- 4.40 34.71 4.40 34.81 300.... 3.65 34.76 3.66 34.76 400.--. 3.90 34.86 3.94 34.88 600..-- 3.70 34.89 3.71 34.89 800.-.. 3.55 34.89 3.56 34.89 1,000.. ,3.45 34.89 3.39 34.89 (1,500). 3.35 34.89 26.93 27.06 27.12 27.15 27.20 27.43 27.53 27.65 27.71 27.75 27.76 27.77 27.78 Observed" values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, O Q Salin- ity. 7oo Station 4691; Apr. 11; latitude 50°42' N., longitude 45 54 W.; depth 3,585 meters; dynamic height 1,454.652 0 26--- 51---. 77---. 102--. 155--. 206-.- 308--. 414-.. 616-.- 817.-- 1,022- 1,539. 6.79 6.63 5.47 5.15 3.94 3.09 3.12 3.31 3.45 3.35 3.40 3.35 3.34 34.33 34.34 34.36 34.40 34.50 34.60 34.67 34.84 34. 86 34.88 34.89 34.91 0 25-.-. 50.-.. 75-.-. 100.-. 150-.. 200.-. 300... 400-.. 600... 800--. 1,000. 1,500. 6.79 6.65 5.50 5.20 4.00 3.10 3.10 3.30 3.45 3.35 3.40 3.35 3.30 34.33 34. 34 34.36 34.40 34.49 34.59 34.66 34.77 34.83 34. 86 34.88 34.89 34.91 26.93 26.96 27.13 27.20 27.40 27.57 27.63 27.70 27.72 27.76 27.77 27.78 27.81 Station 4692; .-Vpr. 11; latitude 50°47' N., longitude 46°44' W.; depth 2,158 meters; dynamic height 1,454.627 34.34 34.34 34.40 34.51 34.58 34.68 34.76 34.80 34.84 34.85 34.86 34.86 34.88 0 25--.- 50--. 75---. 100..- 150--. 200. . . 300-.- 400--. 600-.- 800..- 1,000., (1,500). 4.94 4.79 4.40 3.50 3.05 3.10 .3.20 3.45 3.50 3.35 3.30 3.30 3.30 34.34 34.34 34.41 34.52 34.58 34.68 34.76 34.80 34.84 34.85 34.86 34.86 34.89 27.18 27.19 27.30 27.48 27.56 27.64 27.70 27.70 27.73 27.75 27.77 27.77 27.79 Station 4693; .\pr. 11-12; latitude 50°52.5' N., longi- tude 47°35' W.; depth 2,743 meters; dvnamic height 1,454.589 0-- 21- 42- 63- 84- 126 168 252 3.74 34.44 0 3.74 34.44 3.60 34.44 25 3.50 34.45 2.89 34.55 50 2.80 34.56 2.70 34.59 75 2.70 34.61 2.68 34.62 100..-. 2.75 34.65 2.94 34.70 150--.- 3.00 34.74 3.02 34.77 200-.-- 3.15 34.80 3.36 34.83 (300).,- 3.40 34.84 (400)-.- 3.40! 34.851 (600).-- 3.30 34.86 (800).-- 3.30 34.86 (1,000) . 3.30 34.87 (1,500) . 3.25 34.88 27.38 27.42 27.57 27.62 27.65 27.70 27.73 27.74 27. 75 27.77 27.77 27.78 27.78 64 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, " 0 Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Tern- Depth, pera- meters ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oc, station 4694; Apr. 12; latitude 50°58' N., longitude 48°25' N.; depth 2,740 meters; dynamic height 1,454.581 0 3.34 34.46 0 3.34 34.46 27.44 24 3.32 34.46 25 ---- 3.30 34.46 27.45 47 2.95 34.52 50.-.-- 2.95 34.53 27.53 71 2.83 34.61 75 2.80 34.61 27.61 94 2.45 34.63 100--.. 2.45 34. 64 27.66 141 2.70 34.71 150--.- 2.80 34.72 27.70 188 3.22 34.78 200.-.. 3.20 34.79 27.72 282 3.22 34.82 300---- 3.20 34.83 27.75 418 3.27 34.84 400.--- 3.25 34.84 27.75 629 3.30 34.86 600---. 3.30 34.86 27.77 ,S38 3.30 34. 875 800---- 3.30 34.87 27.78 1,053. _. 3.27 34.87 1,000.- 3.25 34.87 27.78 1,597... 3.30 34. 915 1,500-- 3.30 34.90 27.80 Station 4695; Apr. 12; latitude 50°59' N., longitude 49°26' W.; depth 1,554 meters; djTiamic height 1,454.574 0 3.07 34.46 0 3.07 34.46 27.47 24 2.79 34.48 25 2.80 34.48 27.50 48 2.61 34.57 50 2.60 34.57 27.60 72 2.46 34.60 75 2.45 34.60 27.63 95 2.51 34.65 100-.. . 2.50 34.65 27.67 143 2.60 34.70 150.... 2.65 34.71 27.71 191 2.96 34.77 200.... 3.00 34.78 27.73 286 3.22 34.83 300.... 3.25 34.84 27.75 332 3.26 34.85 400.... 3.35 34.87 27.77 488 3.42 34. 875 600.... 3.35 34.88 27.77 637 3.31 34.875 800.... 3.30 34.88 27.78 810 3.30 34.88 1,000. . 3.30 34.88 27.78 1,271--. 3.29 34.89 (1,500) . 3.25 34.90 27.80 Station 4696; Apr. 12; latitude 50°59' N.. longitude 49°43' W.; depth 1,122 meters; dynamic height 1,454.618 0 0.61 33.73 0 0.61 33.73 27.06 25 0.74 34.08 25 0.74 34.06 27.33 48 1.50 34.24 50 1.50 34. 25 27.43 73 1.51 34.31 75 1.55 34.31 27.47 96 2.01 34.42 100.... 2.05 34.43 27.53 145 2.27 34.54 150.... 2.30 34.55 27.61 194 -. 2.58 34.66 200.-.. 2.60 34.67 27.68 290 3.23 34.79 300.... 3.30 34.80 27.72 378 3.47 34.84 400.... 3.50 34.85 27.74 570 3.47 34. 875 600.-.. 3.45 34.88 27.76 764 3.36 34.88 800.... 3.35 34.88 27.77 961 3.30 34.88 (1,000) . 3.30 34.88 27.78 Station 4697; Apr. 12; latitude 50°59' N.. longitude 49°49' W.; depth 1,035 meters; dynamic height 1,454.658 0 -0.12 33.41 0 -0.12 33.41 26.85 22 0.36 33.76 25 0.40 33.78 27.12 44 0.42 33.94 50 0.60 33.98 27.26 66 1.05 34.12 75 1.20 34.18 27.39 88 1.39 34.26 100..-. 1.60 34.31 27.47 132 2.06 34.42 150.-.. 2.15 34.47 27.56 176 2.29 34.53 200..-- 2.50 34.58 27.61 264 2.97 34.68 300.... 3.15 34.73 27.67 336 3.29 34.77 400...- 3.45 34.81 27.71 510 3.57 34.85 600.... 3.60 34.87 27.75 688 3.62 34. 895 800.... .3.55 34.88 27.75 822 3.54 34.88 (1,000) . 3.45 34.88 27.76 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° O Salin- ity, Station 4698; Apr. 12; latitude 51°29' N., longitude 50°21' W.; depth 406 meters; dynamic height 1,454.608 0- -0.27 33.30 1 0 -0.27 33. 30 26.76 17 -0.13 33.63 25 0.30 33.76 27.11 35 - 1.01 33.88 50 0.45 34.01 27.30 52. 0.45 34.03 75 0.70 34.10 27.36 69 0.62 34.08 100.... 1.20 34.23 27.43 104 1.30 34.26 150.-.. 2.10 34.49 27.57 139 1.92 34.46 200...- 2.60 34 61 27.63 208 2.69 34.62 (300)... 2.90 34.74 27.71 274 2.82 34.71 (400)... 3.15 34.85 27.77 Station 4699; Apr. 13; latitude 51°29' N., longitude 50°11' W ; depth 685 meters; dynamic height 1,454.582 0 0.47 33.92 0 0.47 33.92 27.23 22 0.47 33.92 25 0.45 33. 94 27.24 44 0.56 34.14 50 0.75 34.18 27.42 65 1.38 34.25 75 1.40 34.28 27.46 87 1.40 34.32 100..-- 1.65 34.37 27.52 1.31 2.12 34.50 150..-. 2.30 34.56 27.62 174 2.47 34.62 200.-.- 2.60 34.67 27.68 261 ... 2.97 34.75 300..-. 3.10 34.80 27.74 291 3.08 34.80 400.... 3.10 34.84 27.77 462 ♦3.10 34.86 (600)... 3.10 34.87 27.80 Station 4700; Apr. 13; latitude 51°28.5' N..longit.ude 49°55' W.; depth 1.742 meters; dynamic height 1.454.574 0 25-.- 60--.. 75 ino... 150.-. 200... 300... 366... 549. - - 733. -- 921... 1,399. 2.76 34.50 2.73 34.52 2.63 34.52 2.43 34. 61 2..'i2 34.63 2.87 34.76 3.04 34.79 3.21 34.83 3.41 34. 85 3.42 34.87 3.36 34.88 3. .31 34.87 3.33 34.91 27. 64 27.65 27.73 27. 73 27.75 27.76 27. 77 27.77 27.78 27.81 Station 4701; Apr. 13; latitude 51°27' N., longitude 49°15' W.; depth 2,561 meters; dynamic height 1,454.590 1 55 34.18 27.36 1 64 34.22 27.40 1 85 34.27 27. 42 ?. 05 34.49 27.58 •? 20 34.56 27.63 2 70 34.68 27.67 2 85 34.71 27.69 3 10 34.80 27.74 3 25 34.85 27.76 3 35 34.87 27.77 3,30 34.88 27.78 3,30 34.89 27.79 3.30 34.89 27.79 65 Tahle of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture ° C Salin- ity, 7„o Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, 7oo Station 4702; Apr. 13; latitude 51°26' N., longitude 48°24' W.; depth 3,200 meters; dynamic height 1,454.685 0 25 49 74 99 149_... 198 297 432-.... 618 787 986 1,487... 6.25 6.25 6.28 5 .5.46 5.30 4.76 4.27 2.77 3.49 3.59 3.47 3.37 34.44 34.44 34.43 34.64 34.66 34.70 34.70 34.84 34. 785 34.87 34.89 34.88 34.89 0 25 50_._. 75_... 100... 150... 200... 300.. _. 400.-.. 600.-. 800.-.. 1,000-. 1,500-. 6.25 6.25 6.25 5.85 5.45 5.30 4.75 4.25 3.20 3.45 3.60 3.45 3.35 34.44 34.44 34.44 34.64 34.66 34.70 34.70 34.84 34.80 34.87 34.89 34.88 34.89 27.10 27.10 27.10 27.31 27.37 27.42 27.49 27.65 27.73 27. 76 27.76 27.76 27.78 Station 4703; Apr. 14; latitude 51°26' N., longitude 47°33' W.; depth 3,475 meters; dynamic height X ,4o4. i\jc> 0-... 22... 44... 66... 88... 132- . 176.. 264-. 353-. 531 -. 710- . 891 -. 1, 354 8.92 8.91 8.89 8.13 5.17 4.97 4.51 4.42 3.49 3.73 3.65 3.53 3.37 34.67 34.67 34.60 34.41 34.66 34.68 34.81 34.80 34.87 34.89 34.87 34.88 0 25-..- 50---. 75.... 100--- 150.-. 200-.- 300.-. 400... 600-.- 800.-. 1,000- (1,500). 8.92 6.95 5.10 4.75 4.50 4.05 3.55 3.70 3.60 3.50 3.30 34.67 34.67 34.67 34. 53 34.48 34. 6' 34.72 34.81 34.82 34.88 34.88 34.87 34.89 20.90 26.90 26.91 27.07 27.27 27.47 27.53 27.65 27.71 27.74 27.75 27. 76 27.79 Station 4704; Apr. 14; latitude 51°27' N., longitude 46 45' W.; depth 4,207 meters, dynamic height 1, 454. 692 7.18 34.44 26.97 7.15 34.44 26.98 7. 10 34.44 26.98 4.95 34. 46 27.28 4.70 34.57 27.39 4.50 34.69 27.50 3.95 34.73 27.59 4.15 34. 85 27.67 3.80 34.86 27.72 3.75 34.88 27. 73 3.60 34.87 27.75 3.50 34. 87 27.76 3.35 34.88 27.77 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin- ity, 7„c Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo Station 4705; Apr. 14: latitude 51°23.5' N., longitude ,J^'„y^-' ^'^P^^ 3,841 meters; dynamic height 1,454.665 0..-. 22..-- 45 67.-.-. 90.... 134.... 178.... 268 324-.-. 491.-. 663 842---. 1, 311_, 6.78 6. 72 6.68 5.12 4.88 3.60 3. 86 3.62 3.78 3.79 3. 70 j 3. 54j 3.38 34.42 34.42 34.41 34.38 34.52 34. 53 34. 72 34.81 34.86 34.89 34.90 34.90 34. 885 0 25-... 50.-.- 75..-. 100-.- 150-.- 200.-. .300..- 400... 600-.-. 800..-. 1, 000. . (1, 500) . 6.78 34.42 27.01 6.70 34.42 27.03 6.55 34.40 27. 03 5.05 34.41 27.23 4.70 34.52 27.35 3.70 34.60 27.52 3.80 34.75 27.63 3.75 34. 84 27.70 3.80 34.88 27. 73 3.75 34.90 27.75 3.60 34.90 27.77 3.50 34.90 27.78 3.30 34.89 27.79 Station 4706; Apr. 14; latitude 51°20' N., longitude 45 00' W.; depth 4,024 meters; dynamic height ij4o4,D7o 0 26-... 51 77-,-. 102--. 153.-- 204--. 306.-- 338.-- 519-.. 709- . , 910..- 1, 450. 5.68 5.33 5.31 5.20 4.51 4.08 3.87 3.89 4.11 3.70 3.59 3.51 3.39 34. 32 34. 31 34. 32 34. 35 34.52 34.72 34.78 34. 83 34.89 34.88 34.88 34.87 34.89 0 25--. 50..- 75--. 100.- 150-- 200.- 300.- 400.. 600.- 800- - 1,000 1, 500 5.68 5.35 5.30 5.25 4.55 4.10 3.90 3.90 4.00 3.65 3.55 3.50 3.40 34. 32 34. 31 34.32 34. 35 34.50 34. 71 34.78 34. 83 34. 89 34.88 34. 875 34. 875 34. 89 27.08 27.11 27.12 27.15 27.35 27.57 27.64 27.68 27.72 27.74 27.75 27.76 27.78 Station 4707; Apr. 14; latitude 52°06' N., longitude 45°29' W.; depth 4,207 meters; dynamic height 1,454.813 0 23.-. 44-.. 67..- 89.-. 134.- 178.- 267-. 292-- 449.- 615-. 794-. 1,286 34.87 0 9.80 34. 86 9.78 34.86 25 9.80 34. 86 9.76 34.86 50 9.60 34. 85 9.12 34.83 75 8.70 .34. 77 8.03 34.68 100.-.- 8.00 34.69 7.88 34.75 150-..- 7.80 34.79 7.61 34. 83 200-..- 7.20 34. 80 5.60 34. 70 300-.-- 5.55 34.77 5.55 34. 76 400...- 5.30 34.90 5.04 34. 93 600 3.65 34.82 .3.55 34.82 800...- 3.70 34.87 3.66 34.87 1,000-- 3.60 34. 87 3.49 34.88 (1, 500) . 3.45 34.89 26.90 26.90 26.92 27.01 27.05 27.16 27.25 27.45 27.58 27.70 27.74 27.75 27.77 66 Table of Oceanographic Data — ConHnued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, 7oc Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, °/oo station 4708; Apr. 15; latitude 52°03.5' N., longitude 46°20' W.; depth 3,987 meters; dynamic height 1,454.833 0 10.41 34.95 0 10.41 34. 95 25 10.39 34. 95 25 10.39 34. 9,'^ 49 10.39 34.96 50 10.40 34.96 74 10. 35 34. 945 75 10. 35 34.95 98 10.12 34.91 100.__- 10.10 34.91 148 8.99 34.86 150... . 8.95 34.86 197 8.78 34.98 200.... 8.75 34.98 295 4.06 34.56 300.__. 4.05 34.57 378 5.20 34.87 400.. _ _ 5.00 34.87 575 3.59 34.83 600.. _- .3.60 34.83 778 3.79 34.88 800... . 3.80 34.88 979 3.62 34.88 1,000.. 3.60 34.88 1,494... 3.41| 34. 8S '■ 1,500.. 3.40 34.88 26.86 26.86 26.87 26.87 26.89 27.04 27.16 27.46 27.60 27.71 27.73 27.75 27.77 Station 4709; Apr. 15; latitude 51°57.5' N., longitude 47°09' W.; depth 3,731 meters; dynamic height 1,454.738 0 9.56 34.84 0 9.56 34.84 26.92 26 9.55 34.84 25 9.55 34.84 26.92 60 9.52 34.84 50 9.50 34.84 26.93 76 9.53 34.86 75 9.50 34.86 26.95 100 7.18 34.58 100.. _. 7.20 34.58 27.08 151 4.37 34.48 150.... 4. 35 34.48 27.35 202 5.16 34.80 200.... 5.15 34.80 27.52 302 5.02 34.92 300.. _ _ 5.05 34.92! 27.63 402 4.11 34.86 400..-. 4.15 34.86! 27.68 602 3.85 34.88 600.... 3.85 34.88 27.72 802 3.72 34. 915 [ 800.... 3.75 34.91 27.76 1,008... 3.57 34.89 1,000.. 3.60 34.89 27.76 1,534-.. 3.41 34.89 1,500.. 3.40 34.89 27.78 Station 4710; Apr. 15; latitude 51°57' N., longitude 48°00' W.; depth 3,603 meters; dynamic height 1,454.683 0 8.71 34.68 0 8.71 34.68 26.93 24 6.47 34.44 25 6.40 34.43 27.07 47 6.15 34.41 50 6.15 34.41 27.09 71 6.09 34.42 75 6.00 34.44 27.13 94 5.26 34.59 100-.-. 5.20 34.61 27.37 141 4.82 34.69 150--_. 4.75 34. 70 27.49 188 4.43 34.75 200.... 4.40 34.77 27.58 282 4.33 34.86 300.... 4.25 34.86 27.67 334 4.05 34.86 400...- 4.00 34.87 27.71 509 3.89 34.90 600...- 3.80 34.90 27.75 690 3.69 34.89 800..-. 3.60 34.89 27.76 881 3.57 34.89 1,000-- 3.55 34.90 27.77 1,393... 3.42 34.90 (1, 500) - 3.40 34.90 27.79 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, °/oo station 4711; Apr. 15; latitude 51°56' N., longitudt 48°48' W.; depth 3,292 meters; dynamic heighe 1,454.674 0 5.94 34.42 0 5.94 34.42 27.12 25 5.85 34.43 25 5.85 34.42 27.14 48 5.81 34.42 50 5.80 34.42 27.14 73 4.51 .34. 41 75 4.50 34.42 27.30 97 - 5.03 34. 62 100-.-. 5.00 34.62 27.40 146 4.96 34.64 150.... 4.90 34.64 27.42 194 3.69 34.62 200 3.65 34. 63 27.54 291 3. 36 34. 72 300.... 3.35 34.72 27.65 .395 3.10 34.75 400...- 3.10 34. 75 27.70 598 3.33 34. 84 600..-. 3. 35 34.84 27.74 805 3.34 34.88 800..-- 3.35 34.88 27.77 1,016-.- 3.29 34.87 1,000.. 3.30 34.87 27.78 1,564-.- 3.27 34.87 1,500.. 3.25 34.87 27.78 Station 4712; Apr. 15; latitude 51°56.5' N., longitude 49°40' W.; depth 2,743 meters; dynamic height 1,454.580 0.-- 25--. 49... 74... 99... 147- 196- 295.. 391.. 587- 785- 983-. 1,484 3.52 34.54 3.48 34.54 3.41 34.54 3.11 34. 61 3.19 34.71 ! 3.11 34.74 3.22 34.81 3.50 34.88 *3.48 34.86 3.31 34.86 3.35 34.86 3.27 34.88 3.33 34.90 0 25--.. 50.... 75.-.. 100.-- 150... 200 I 300.... 400.... 600... . 800.... 1,000.. 1,500-. 3.52 34. .54 3.48 34. 54 3.40 34.54 3.10 34.61 3. 20 34.71 3.10 34.74 3.20 34.81 3.50 34.88 3.40 34.86 3.30 34.86 3. 35 34.87 3. 30 .34.88 3.30 34.90 27.49 27.49 27.50 27.59 27.66 27.69 27.74 27.76 27. 76 27.77 27.77 27.78 27.80 Station 4713; Apr. 15-16; latitude 51°56.5' N., longi- tude 50°21' W.; depth 2.012 meters; dynamic heigth 1,454.577 0 3.08 34.53 0 3.08 34.53 22 2.61 34.54 25 2.55 34.54 44 2.20 34.54 50 2.20 34. 55 66 2.18 34.58 75 2.15 34.60 88 2.21 34.61 100.... 2.30 34.64 132 2.66 34.71 150...- 2.85 34. 75 176 3.15 34.81 200.... 3.35 34.82 264 3.48 34.83 300 3.55 34.85 337 3.55 34. 85 400.... 3.50 34. 86 525 3.31 34.88 600... . 3.30 34.88 727 3.30 34.88 800...- 3.30 34.88 908 3.32 L 34. 88 1,000.. 3.30 34.88 1,365... 3.35 34.88 (1,500) . 3.35 34.89 1 27.52 27.58 27.62 27.66 27.68 27.72 27.73 27.73 27.75 27.78 27.78 27.78 27.78 67 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952-Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin- ity, 7„o ^^f}:t^^,'^1}r^' -^P""- ^^' latitude 51°56.5' N., longitude ^^.ffnJ^-' '^'^P*'^ 622 meters; dynamic height 1,454. 630 0_. 20. 41. 61. 81. 122 162 243 306 507 0.92 1.00 0.90 1.38 1.59 1.82 2.03 2.75 3.49 3.29 33.82 33.89 34.06 34. 27 34.33 34.44 34.52 34. 66 34.79 34.84 0._._ 25... 50... 75... 100.. 150.. 200.. 300- . 400.- (600) - 0.92 1.00 1.05 1.50 1.70 1.95 2.35 3.45 3.40 3.25 33.82 33.92 .34. 16 34. 31 34.38 34.50 34. 59 34.78 34.82 34.85 27.13 27.20 27.39 27.48 27.51 27.60 27.63 27.68 27.73 27.76 Station 4715; .\pr. 16; latitude 51°58' N., longitude 51 30 W.; depth 352 meters; dvnamic height 1,454.712 -0. 65 -0.84 -1.14 -1.12 -0.44 0.72 1.26 2.47 33. 06 33.19 33.38 33.52 33.69 34.04 34.24 34.59 0 25.... 50-... 75.... 100... 150... 200... (300).. -0.65 -0.85 -1.15 -1.05 -0.30 0.85 1.40 2.70 33.06 33.20 33.40 33. 54 33.73 34.07 34. 28 34.65 26.59 26.71 26.89 26.99 27.11 27.33 27.46 27.65 Station 4716; Apr. 16; latitude 52°26' N., longitude , .,. . ^■'- ^*^Ptli 320 meters; dynamic height 1,454.661 0_. 23. 46. 69- 93 139 185 278 0..35 33.84 27.17 0.65 33.89 27.19 0.65 33.92 27.22 0.65 33. 97 27.26 0.45 34.06 27.34 1.15 34.22 27.43 1.80 34. 40 27.53 3.00 34.71 27.68 Station 4717; Apr. 16; latitude .52°26.5' N., longitude ^\^?.J^-' ^"^P*^ 622 meters; dynamic height 1,454.637 0-- 23. 46- 69- 91. 137. 183 274 324 518. -0.15 0.45 0.61 0.69 1.06 1.81 2.56 .3.23 3.56 3.32 33. 75 33.90 33.92 33.93 34.17 34.43 34. 64 34.79 34. 83 34.86 0 25 50 75 100 150... 200 300... 400.... -0.15 0.50 0.60 0.75 1.20 2.05 2.70 3.40 3.50 3. .30 33.75 33. 90 33. 92 33.95 34.22 34.49 34.68 34.81 34.85 34.87 27.13 27.21 27.22 27.24 27.43 27.58 27.67 27.72 27.74 27.78 Observed values Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin- ity, 7oo Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7„„ ^^^"n«/ ^IF' ^^'.-J^' latitude 52°28' N., longitude ?^PP„.^- ^''P'^^ ^'500 meters; dynamic height 1, 454.008 0 .-. 24.-. 47- -. 70... 94.. 141.. 188 . 282-. 314.. 486.. 667.. 843.. 1,252 0.97 0.88 1.13 1.73 2.89 2.61 2.72 3.14 3.16 3.32 3. .32 3.32 3,29 33.94 0 33.95 25 34. 06 50 34.30 75 34.58 100.... 34. 57 150.... 34.69 200.--. 34.81 300.... 1 400-..- 34.86 600-... 34.87 800.... 34.88 1,000. - (1,500) . 0.97 0.85 1.20 1.95 2.85 2.60 2.80 3.15 3.30 3. .30 .3.30 3.30 3.25 33.94 33. 95 34.09 34.35 34.58 34.59 34.71 34.82 34.85 34.87 34.88 34.88 34.88 27.21 27.23 27. 32 27.48 27.58 27.61 27. 69 27.75 27.76 27.78 27.78 27.78 27.78 ®*?nl2?/ ^^J^' :i^P'"- 16; latitude 52°31' N., longitude .50 25 W.; depth 2,506 meters; dynamic height 1,454.574 0.... 26... 50--. 76--. 101.. 152.. 203.. 304.- 374-. 561 . 750- . 946-. 1,450 2.05 34.26 2.40 34.38 2.13 34.44 2.39 34.58 2.67 34.66 3.02 34.76 3.20 34.80 3.26 34.84 3.25 34. 85 3. .32 34. 865 3.27 34.87 3.26 34. 87 3.35 34.90 0 2.05 25 2.40 50 2.15 75 2.40 100.-.. 2.65 150.... 3.00 200.... 3.20 300.... 3.25 400.-.. 3.30 600... . 3.30 800..-. 3. .30 1,000.- 3.25 (1,500) . 3.35 34. 26 34. 38 34.44 34. 58 34. 66 34.76 34.80 34.84 34. 85 34.87 34. 87 34. 87 34.90 27.40 27.46 27.53 27.62 27.67 27.72 27.73 27.75 27.76 27.78 27.78 27.78 27.79 Station 4720; Apr. 16; latitude 52°35.5' N., longitude 49°.32' W.; depth 3,255 meters; dynamic height 1,454.603 0.... 23... 45... 67... 89... 134.. 179.. 268.. 396.. 592.. 789.. 991.. 1,504 3.52 3.51 2 2.93 3.05 2.55 2.85 3.15 3.22 3.34 3.38 3.33 3.40 34.44 0 3.52 34.44 34.44 25 3.50 34.44 34.52 50 2.90 34. 55 34. 62 75 3.00 34.64 34.66 100.... 3.00 34.66 34.66 150..-- 2.65 34.68 34.73 200-.. 2.95 34.76 34.80 ( 300..-- 3.15 34.81 34.82 400.... 3.25 34.82 34.84 600.... 3.35 34.84 34.86 800 3.40 34.86 34.87 1,000.. 3.35 34.87 34.90 1,500.. 3.40 34.90 27.41 27.41 27.56 27.62 27.64 27.68 27.72 27.74 27.74 27.74 27.76 27.77 27.79 68 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tern- perii- ture ^ C Salin- ity, 7.0 Scaled values Tern- Depth, pera- meters ture, ° C Salin- ity, Station 4721; Apr. 17; latitude 52°40.5' N., longitude 48°43' W.; depth 3,658 meters; dynamic height 1,454.736 Observed values Depth, meters 0 5.«8 34.43 0 5.981 23 .5.98 34.43 25 6.00| 47 f. 99 34. 43 50 6.OOI 70 5.84 34.58 75 5.75 94 5.24 34.60 100 5.20 141 4.96; 34.60 150.-.- 4.95 188 4.90 34.62 i 200...- 4.85 282 4.:52 34.67 300.--- 4.20 373 3.76 34.73 400--.. 3.701 559 3.53 34.83 600..-. 3. 55 747 3.54 34.86 800..-. 3.55 940 --- 3.47 34. 86 1, 000. . 3.45 1,430... 3.40 34.86 (1,500). 3.40 34.43 34.43 34.44 34.58 34.60 34.60 34.63! 34. 68 34. 751 34. 84' 34.86 34.86 34. 86 27.12 27.12 27.13 27.27 27.36 27.38 27.42 27.53 27.64 27.72 27.74 27.75 27.76 Station 4722; Apr. 17; latitude 52°43.5' N., longitude 47°51' W.; depth 4,006 meters; dynamic height 1,454.731 ' 0 28 54 82 108 164 218.--- 326--.- 410..-- 624.-.- 846...- 1,062.- 1,629.- 5.47 5.47 5.46 5.42 5.06 4.97 4.76 3.44 3.27 3.91 3.66 34.44 34.44 34.46 34.48 34.58 34.62 34.64 34.64 34. 66 34.89 34.88 3.541 34.89 3.401 34.90 0 1 5.47 25 5.45 50 5.45 75 5.45 100--.. 5.20 150--.. 5.00 200.... 4.85 300... . 3.70 400.... 3.30 600-.. . 3.90 800-..- 3.75 1,000.- 3.55 1,500-- 3.45 34.44 34.44 34. 45 34.47 34.56 34.61 34.64 34.64 34. 66 1 34. 88! 34.88 34.89 34.90 27.20 27.20 27.21 27.23 27. 33 27.39 27.43 27.55 27.61 27.72 27.73 27. 76 27.78 Station 4723; Apr. 17; latitude 52°47 5' N., longitude 46°58' W.; depth 4,024 meters; dynamic height 1,454.707 0 7.14 34.54 1 0 7.14 34.54 27.05 26 6.96 34.52 25 6.95 34.52 27.07 50 7.14 34.56 50 7.15 34. 56 27.07 76 6.94 34. 65 75 6.95 34.65 27.17 101 6.74 34.76 100-.-- 6.75 34.76 27.29 152 5.02 34.62 150.... 5.05 34.62 27.39 202 4.64 34.68 200.... 4.65 34.67 27.48 303 4.46 34.82 300.... 4.35 34. 81 27.62 290 4.33 34.80 400..-- 4.20 34.87 27.69 446 4.15 34.89 600..-- 3.95 34.92 27. 75 611 3.90 34.92 800.--. 3.70 34.90 27.76 785 3.74 34.90 1,000.- 3.60 34.90 27.77 1,258.-- 3.47 34.89 (1,500)- 3.40 34.89 27.78 „ Salin- r*^**- ity, ture, o/' ° O '°° Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin- ity, 7„o Station 4725; Apr. 18; latitude 53°35' N., longitude 46°32' W.; depth 3,749 meters; dynamic height 1,454.655 0 28---- 56.--. 83...- 110... 166-.. 222... 332... 412... 629.-. 854-- 1,083 1,668 9.53; 34.93 9.55i 34.95 9.39 34.99 9.42 35.04 9.40 9.71 9.75 6.47 35.06 35.12 35.15 34.82 5.471 34.82 4.00i 34.88 3.841 34.89 3.58 34.90 3.411 34.885 0 25.-- 50.-.- 75-..- 100... 150... 200... 300... 400... 600... 800... 1,000.- 1,500 9.53 9.55 9.40 9.40 9.40 9.65 9.75 7.40 5.60 4.10 3.8. 3.65 3.45 34.93 34.95 34.98 35.03 35. 05 35.10 35.14 34.91 34.82 34.88 34.89 34.90 34. 0 29... 58.-. 86.-.- 114... 172... 229... 344... 451.. 678.. 905.. 1,131 1,697 4.97 34.55 4.93 34.55 4.92i 34.55 4.39 34.64 4.33 34.64 4.271 34.69 3.69i 34.68 3.77 34.82 3.82! 34.87 .3.621 34.88 ♦3.49 3.44] 3.41 34.89 34.89 34. 915 0 25 50 75 100.-.- 150-.. . 200.... 300.... 400-.- 600... 800. - . 1,000. 1, 500. 4.97 4.95 4.95 4.55 4.35 4.30 34.55 27.34 34.55 27.34 34.55 27.34 34.62 27.45 34.64 27.48 34.67 27.52 3.951 34.091 27.56 3.75 34.78 27.65 3.80 34.85; 27.71 3.75 34.88; 27.73 3.55 34.89, 27.76 3.45 34.891 27.77 3.40 34.911 27.80 Station 4726; Apr. 18; latitude 53°28.5' N., longitude 47^29' W.; depth 3,749 meters; dynamic height 1,454.656 0-..- 26..- 52.-- 78--- 104- 1.55. . 206.. 310.. 401- . 601 800 1,003... 1,514.-. 4.60 34.58 4.56 34.58 4.561 34.58 4.15 34.63 3. 81 1 34.62 3. 50 1 34.65 3.241 34.64 3.76! 34.78 3.92! 34.88 3.72! 34.88 3.54 34.87 3.46 34.86 3.38 34.87 0 25 50 75 100..-, 150... 200... 300... 400..- 600..- 800... 1, 000. 1,500.- 4.60 4.55 4.55 4.20 3.85 3.55 3.25 3.70 3.95 3.70 3.55 3.45 3.40 34.58 34.58 34.58 34.63 34.62 34.65 34.64 34.77 34.88 27.40 27.41 27.41 27.49 27.52 27.57 27. 59 27.66 27.71 34.88i 27.74 34.87 34.86 34.87 27.75 27. 75 27.77 Station 4727; Apr. 18; latitude 53°18' N. longitude 48°41' W.; depth 3,660 meters; dynamic height 1,454.656 ^ _^_ Station 4724; Apr. 17; latitude 52°51' N., longitude 46''09' W.; depth 3,932, meters; dynamic height 1,454.845 _^ 26.99 27.01 27.05 27.09 27.11 27.11 27.12 27.31 27.48 27.70 27.73 27.76 27.77 0 25 51 76..-. 102... 152... 203... 305--- 396.-- 599.-- 804... 1, 009- 1,529. 5.69 34.44 5.67 34.44 4.18 34.58 3. 98 3. 87 3. 50 1 3.75 4.06 3.82; 3.67 34.56 34.64 34.65 34.73 34.86 34.86 34. 885 3.55i 34.88 3.48 34.87 3.39 34.89 0 5.69 25 ,5.67 50 4.20 75 4.00 100.... 3.85 150.... 3.50 200.... 3.70 300.... 4.05 400...- 3.85 600-.-. 3.65 800...- 3.55 1,000.. 3.45 1,500.. 3.40 34.44! 34.44; 34.58] 34. 56] 34.63 34.65 34.72 34.86 34.86 34.88 34.88 34.87 34.89 27.17 27.17 27. 45 27. 46 27.52 27.58 27.62 27.69 27.71 27.74 27.75 27.76 27. 78 Station 4728; Apr. 19; latitude 53ni' N., longitude 49°S' W ; depth 3,493 meters; dynamic height 1,454.631 0 25-.-- 50---- 75.-.- 100-.- 150--. 199... 299--. 341..- 520--. 705... 893-. 1,383.- 4.77 4.53 3.99 3.82 3.81 3.43 3.21 3.57 3.51 3 3.33 3.32 3.30 34.41 0 34.43 25.-.- 34.51 50..-- 34. 52 75---. 34.61 100--. 34.66 150..- 34.67 200... 34.80 300--- 34.80 400--- 34. 85 600-.. 34. 86 800... 34.86 1, 000. 34.86 (1, 500) 4.77 4.53 3.99 3.82 3.81 3.43 3.20 3.55 3.40 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 34.41 34.43 34.51 34. 52 34.61 34.66 34.67 34.80 34. 81 34.86 34.86 34.86 34.87 27.26 27.29 27.42 27.44 27. 52 27. 59 27.63 27.69 27.72 27.77 27.77 27.77 27.78 69 Table of Oceanographic Dofo— Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952-Continucd Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity. 7„„ Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- . .» tare, I '^y- °C Salin- %o ^*fni??.^^,?^= ^P'lu^^^ latitude 53°02.5' N., longitude ^^JJa,^-' '^^P*^ ^'^^^ meters; dynamic height 1,454.619 0 25 51.... 76 102 152.... 204 306.... 414... 616.... 814.... 1,022... 1.549... 0.98 1.16 1.69 1.82 2.42 3.01 3.13 3.18 3.27 3.25 3.23 3.23 3.35 33.86 33.97 34.24 34.34 34.58 34.75 34.78 34.82 34.84 34.85 34.86 34.86 34.89 0 0.98 25 1.16 50 1.70 75 1 100.... 2.35 150_._. 3.00 200.... I 3.10 300.. _. 3.15 400__., 3.30 600.... 3.25 800___. 3.25 1,000_. 3.25 1,500. _ 3.35 33.86 33.97 34.23 34. 33 34.47 34.55 34.77 34.82 34.84 34.85 34.86 34.86 34.89 27. 15 27. 23 27.39 27.47 27. 54 27.55 27.72 27.75 27.75 27.76 27.77 27.77 27.78 ^\fi??,^^,f = ^P'"; 19'' latitude 52°57.5' N., longitude , ..Prof •• ^^P**" 2-103 meters; dynamic height 1,404.083 0 25.. _. 50.... 75.... 101... 151... 201... 302... 389... 586... 783... 980... 1,475. 0.65, 33.82 2.06 34.30 2.64 2.82 2.66 2.72 3.07 3.22 3.32 3.32 *3.26 3.27 3.29 34.50 34.55 34.63 34.71 34.78 34.83 34.86 34.87 34. 875 34. 875 34.90 0 25_... 50.. _. 75_... 100- _. 150... 200... 300... 400- _. 600- . 800... 1,000- 1.500. 0.65 33.82 2.06 34. 30 2.64 34.50 2.82 34. 55 2.65 34. 63 2.70 34. 71 3.05 34.78 3.20 34.83 3.35 34.86 3.30 34.87 3.25 34.87 3.25 34.88 3.30 34.90 27.14 27.43 27.54 27. 5S 27.64 27.70 27.72 27.75 27.76 27.78 27.78 27.78 27.80 ^^^o'^VW' ^P'"- 1^: latitude 52°55.5' N., longitude lS670^"' ^^ ^^^ ™'*®'"''' dyiiariie heighi ^^^w'^w^' ^P'--i9; latitude 52°54.5' N., longitude 1 45^.69^'' ^ ^^'^ '°'*®'''' dynamic height Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem-L„,. ture, °C ity, 7o ^"fw? w^^' ^P'';J9' i^"*"de 53°21' N., longitude M54 6ir ^^ "''*'"■'' dy^'^mic height 0.. 26- 51. 77. 102 155 206. 308. 391. -0.37 0.98 1.12 1.22 1.42 2.32 2.84 3.27 3.32 3.3.66 I 0. 34.03 25. 34.13 50- 34.20 75. 34. .32 I 100... 34.56 i 150- . 34.69 I 200- 34.82 300.. 34.84 (400). -0. 37 33.66 27.06 1.00 34. 02 27.28 1.10 34.12 27.36 1.20 34.19 27.40 1.36 34.31 27.49 2.25! 34.54 27.60 2.801 34.67 27.66 3.25] 34.81 27.73 3. 30 1 34.84 27.75 ^*?2"nfi'1I-' /Pi'i 19; I'ititude 53°25' .V., longitude 1,454586 ' ™'^*^''^' '^>'°^™ic height 1.26 34.11 27.34 1.32 34.14 27.35 1.65 34.28 27.44 1.71 34. 32 27.47 2.20 34. 52; 27.60 2.90 34.741 27.71 3.10 34.80 27.74 3.25 34. 84]' 27.75 3.25 34.851 27.76 3.26 34.861 27.77 3.20 34.86, 27.78 3.20 34. 87 27.79 Station 4735; Apr. 19-20; latitude 53°28.5' N lon-^i- hefght W5159T-' ''P'^ ''''' '^'''''' ^^-^^-'^^ ^^^lim'-m^' iP'ivFOil^o"^"^® 53°37.5' N., longitude 1 454 586^'' meters; dynamic height, 34.17 0 1.62 34.17 34.17 25 1.65 34.19 34.30 50 1.85 34.33 34.42 75 2.30 34.49 34.67 100.... 2.70 34.70 34.76 150...- 3.05 34.78 34.80 200.... 3.15 34.82 34.84 300-... 3.25 34.84 34.85 400 3.25 34.85 34.86 600.... 3.30 34.86 34. 865 800.... 3.25 34.87 34.87 1,000-. 3.25 34.88 34.89 (1,500) 3.36 34.89 27.36 27.37 27.46 27.56 27.69 27.72 27.76 27.75 27.76 27.77 27.78 27.78 27.78 70 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7o=, Scaled values Depth, meters ^em-salin- PS'^- ity, ture, o/' °C ''■' Station 4737; Apr. 20; latitude 53°50 5' N., longitude 50°16' W.; depth 3,365 meters; dynamic height 1,454.615 ^ 0 3.95 22 3.94 44 3.85 67 3.34 89 3.32 133 3.23 177 3.36 266 3.41 340 3.13 536 3.42 750 949 3.38 1,473... 3.30 34.56 34.57 34.58 34.64 34.65 34.65 34.70 34.80 34.78 34.85 34.86 34.88 34.87 0 3.95 34.56 25 3.95 34.57 50 . 3.70 34.59 34.65 34.67 34.73 34.79 34.80 34.86 34.87 34.88 34.87 75 100 3.35 3.30 150 3.25 200.... 3.40 300 3.30 400...- 3.25 600... . 3.45 800_-.. 3.40 1,000 _. 3.40 1,500_. 3.30 27.46 27.47 27.51 27.59 27.60 27.62 27.65 27.71 27.72 27.75 27.77 27.77 27.78 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, °loo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, 7„o Station 4741; Apr. 29; latitude 47°16' N., longitude 49°14' W.; depth 91 meters; dynamic height 971.042 0 1.24 32.82 0 1.24 32.82 26.30 26 0.50 32.82 25 0.50 32.82 26.34 52 0.35 32.84 50 0.40 32.84 26.37 78 -0.50 33. 22 75 -0.40 33.17 26.67 Station 4742; Apr. 29; latitude 47°22' N., longitude 48°47' W.: depth 139 meters; dynamic height 971.036 Station 4738; Apr. 20; latitude 53°59' N., longitude 49°19' W.; depth 3,676 meters; dynamic height 1,454.620 ' 0 26 52 79 104.... 157.--. 209.-.. 313.--- 393.--- 602—- 821---. 1,032.. 1,570.. 4.58 4.61 .3.93 3.86 3.49 3.26 3.27 3.54 *3. 54 3.34 •3. 30' 3.33 3.23 34.47 34. 48 34.56 34.58 34.62 34.66 34.73 34.84 34.86 34.86 34.87 34.87 34.87 0 25.... 50.... 75--. 100.. 150- - 200- - 300-- 400- - 600 800--.- 1,000.. 1,500.- 4.58 4.60 3.95 3.90 3.55 3.30 3.25 3.50 3.55 3.35 3.30 3.35 3.25 34.47 27.32 34.48 27.32 34.56 27.46 34.581 27.48 34.62 34.66 34.72 34.8: 34.86 34. 86 34.86 34.87 34.8 27.55 27.61 27.66 27.72 27.74 27.76 27.77 27.77 27.78 Station 4739; Apr. 20; latitude 54°07' N., longitude 48°24' W.; depth 3,841 meters; dynamic height 0 1.23 32.87 0 1.23 32.87 26.34 25 0.33 32. 88 25 0.33 32.88 26.40 49 0.25 32. 88 50 0.25 32.89 26.41 74 -0.67 33. 19 75 -0.70 33.20 26.71 98 . . -0.83 100...- -0.85 33.35 26.82 128 -0.02 33.51 Station 4743; Apr. 29; latitude 47°28^5' N., longitude 48°26' W.; depth 174 meters; dynamic height 971.030 1,454.654 0.--. 28--. 55--. 83.-. 109- 165- 220- 329- 382- 576. 773- 1,518. 4.57 34.55 4.55 34.56 4.39 34.62 4.181 34.61 4.08 3.94 4.20 3.86 3.92 3.75 3.53 3. 3.38 34.64 34.70 34.78 34.80 34.84 34.88 34. 88 0... 25.. 50. 75- 100 150--.. 200 300 400.--- 600---. 800 4.57 4.55 4.45 4.25 34.55 27.39 34.56 27.40 34.61 27.45 34'. 89 1,000- 34.88 1,500- 34.61 4.151 34.631 3.95I 34.68' 4.15| 34.75 3.90i 34.80 3.901 34.85 3.75I 34.88 27.73 3.50 34.88 27.76 3.50 34.89 27.77 3.40 34.88! 27.77 27.47 27.49 27.55 27.59 27.66 27.70 0--. 25-. 50-. 75-. 99- 149 1.07 32.89 -0.07 32.88 -0.33 32.94 -0.99 33.21 -0.29 33.39 0.68 33.78 0.-.. 25--. 50--. 75--. 100.- 150- - 1.07 -0.07 -0.33 -0 -0.30 0.70 32.89 32.88 32.94 33.21 33.39 , 33. 78 26.37 26.42 26.48 26.73 26.84 27.10 Station 4744; Apr. 29; latitude 47°34' N., longitude 48°04' W^; depth 218 meters; dynamic height 971.019 0--. 25-. 50-. 75-, 100 151 201 0.86 32.94 -0.32 32. -0. -1.021 -0.61 0.91 1.51 33.15 33.26 33.41 34.13 0 0.86 32.94 26.43 25 -0.32 32.98 26.51 50 -0.96 33. 15 26.68 75 --- -1.02 33. 26 26.76 100 -0.61 33.41 26.87 150 0.90 33.76 27.08 200—- 1.50 34.13 27.33 Station 4740; Apr. 20-21; latitude 54n5' N., Ipngitude 47°33' W.; depth 3,749 meters; dynamic height 1,454.619 ' 72 95 144 192 287 404 618 843.-. 1,060.. 1,612.. 4.16 34.63 4.16 34.62 4.16 34.63 3.70 34.64 3.46 34.66 3.36 34.68 3.37 34.72 3.42 34.79 3.51 34.82 3.55 34.88 3.48 34.88 3.40 34.875 3.14 34.90 0 25 50 75 100... 150--- 200--- 300--- 400--- 600--. 800--- , 1,000.. 1,500-- 4.16 4.15 4.15 3.65 3.45 3.35 3.35 3.45 3.50 3.55 3.50 34.62 27.49 34.62 34.63 34.64 34.66 34.69 34. 73 34.80 34.82 34.88 34.88 3.40 34. 3.25 34.89 27.49 27.49 27.55 27.59 27.62 27.65 27.70 27.72 27.75 27.76 27.77 27.79 Station 4745- Apr. 29; latitude 47°41.5' N., longitude 47°32'W.; depth 315 meters; dynamic height 970.957 0--. 25-- 49-. 74-. 99.. 148. 197 286 1.38 1.17 0.71 -0.05 0.47 1.54 1.76 2.39 33.39 33.56 33.57 33.72 33.86 34.16 34.32 34.48 0 25.-.- 50..-. 75.... 100--- 150-- 200--- (300)-. 1.38 33.39 I.I7I 33.56 0.70 -0.05] 0.50 1.551 1.75! 33.57 33.72 33. 86 34.16 34.32 2.50 34.50 26.75 26.90 26.94 27.10 27.18 27.35 27.47 27.55 71 Table of Oceanographic Dafo— Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952-Continued Observed values Tern- Depth, pera- meters ture °C Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, 7c o Observed values Scaled values ^^A^^,V»f'' ^\^'- 1°: latitude 47°48.5' N., longitude 970 878 ' ^^^^ ^^ "''*"'■'■• dynamic hS 0.-.. 22... 43... 65... 86... 129.. 173.. 259... 350... 532... 2.44 2.33 2.33 2.641 2.44 2.21 2.61 3.16 3.54 3.58 34.14 0 34.20 25 34.24 50 34.28 75.... 34.33 100.... 34.40 150. _.. 34. 54 200... 34.72 300.. _. 34.83 400.... 34.88 (600)... 2.44 34.14 27.26 2.30 34. 21 1 27.34 2.40 34.25 27.36 2. 55 34. 30,' 27. 39 2.30 34.35 27.45 2.40 34.45 2.801 34.60I 3.35| 34.77( 3.60 34.85 3.60 34.88 Depth, meters Salin- Tem-I pera- , .^ ture, i^y- °C Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin- ity, 7oo ^*™'*w°' ¥'-J°' ^^"t^de 47°43' N., longitude 27.52 27.60 27.69 27.73 27.75 ^*l^"2f'^w''.' ^P'-; 30; latitude 47°59.5' N., longitude 970872 ' "^ '^^^ ™^^''"' dynamic height 0 23 47 70... 94 141_... 187.... 253.... 2.97 33.90 1.94 33.98 4. 19 34. 34 5.39 34.57 4.81 34.57 4.14 34.59 3.83 34.66 3. 96 34. 82 0 25 50 75.... 100.... 150... 200... 2.97 2.00 4.30 5.25 4.70 4.05 3.85 33. 90 34. 02 34. 37! 34. 571 34. 57 34. 60 34. 69 27.03 27.21 27.28 27.33 27.39 27.48 27.57 ^*f«A?/4^'' 4P''- 30; latitude 47°29' N., longitude 970 972 ' ^''"''^ '"^ "^'''''^ dynamic Sm 0_... 25_.-. 50.... 76_... 100... 151... 201... 301... 330... 507... 692... 34.19 34.26 34.32 34.41 34.48 34.60 34.73 34.81 34. 82 521 34.82 60 34.88 46! 34.88 0 25... 50 ... 75.... 100... 150.. 200... 300... 400... 600.. 800... (1,000). 3.46, 2.81 2.67 2.70i 2.75 2.80 3. 25 3.55 3.55 3.55 3.55 3.45 34.19 34. 26i 34. 32j 34.41 34.481 34.60 34.73 34. 81 34. 82 34. 85 34.88 34.88 4. 4. 4.73 4.61 4.19 4.06 3, 33.75 33.75 33.75 33.74 33.88 34.'58" 0... 25.. 50.. 75.. 100. 150. 200. 4.88! 33.75 4. 85 1 33.75 4.75 3.3.75 4.60 33.75 4.20 33.901 4.05 34.26! 27.22 3.85 34.621 27.52 26.72 26.72 26.74 26.76 26.91 i 0.. I 24. 27.21 49 27.34 73. 27.40 97 27.46 146 27.51 194. 27.60 !| 27.66 27.70 ^ ^7 Ik 'i ^^A^^n'%^^' ^P''- 30; latitude 47°22' N., loneitude 27:75 \\ mm ■'' '^'P"^ ''^ °^*^"= dynamic St 27.76 |l 0.. ®'^4^fi"??'*w^=^P';3'^"'"de 47=55.5' N., longitude !| 51" 970 872 ' ^P ^'°®° '°'^'"' ^y°^°i'° ^S 77." _ ■ ! 101 — I 153 4.88 4.81 4.73 4.63 4.14 3.95 33.73 33.75 33. 74 33.75 34.05 34.48 0- 4.88 33.73 26.70 25 ( 4.80 33.75, 26.73 50 1 4.75| 33.74| 26.73 75-1 4.65i 33.75, 26.74 100.... I 4.15, 34.04 27.03 150....! 3.95, 34.46 27.39 ®^^«rn, ^1^^' ^P'"- 30; latitude 47''47' N., longitude 970 892 '■ "^'P*^ ''^ '°"'"^'' dynamic heS 27.13 27.20 , ^7 i ii ^%'?r ^^^' -^P^K^O'ol^titude 47°23' N., longitude 27:54 ' 970 970 ' ^ ^ ™^*^"= dynamic height 27.62 27.66 27.71 I 0 27.72 1 23 27.73 ! 47 27.76 11 70 27.78 ! 93 140. 186. 0_ 2.83 25 2.05 50 2.00 75 2.85 100.... 3.75 150 3.90 200.... 3.90 300.... 3.80 (400)... 3.90 ^*4^"w''w''/ HP'";^^°Ut"*"de 47°22' N., longitude 970 952 ^ ™®^^"' dynamic height 4. 89 1 33.76! 26.73 4.90; 33.76' 26.73 4.85i 33. 77j 26.74 4.75{ 33.77 26.75 4.00 34.23 27.19 3.75 34.53 27.45 4. 05 1 34.73 27.58 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continusd STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Tem- Deptb, pera- meters ture, °0 Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, Station 4755; Apr. 30; latitude 47°22' N., longitude 45"'53' W.; depth 318 meters; dynamic height 970.933 0 4.68 33.74 0. 4.68 33.74 26.73 25 4.64 33.75 25 4.64 33.75 26.74 49 1.96 33.81 50 1.90 33.81 27.05 74 1.70! 33.84 75 1.70 33.85 27.09 98 ... 1.80 33.99 100.... 1.90 34.00 27.20 147 4.23 34.60 150.... 4.20 34.61 27.48 197 3.81 34.70 200.... 3.80 34.71 27.60 295 3.99 34.84 300..-. 4.00 34.85 27.69 Station 4756; Apr. 30; latitude 47°22' N., longitude 46°14' W.; depth 635 meters; dynamic height 970.914 0 2.05 33.79 0. 2.05 33.79 27.02 25 1.84 33.80 25 1.84 33. 80 27.04 50 -- 1.60 33.97 50 1.60 33.97 27.20 75 1.42 34.08 75 1.42 34.08 27.30 100 1.48 34.16 100.... 1.48 34.16 27. 30 150 2.11 34.36 150.... 2.11 34.36 27.47 200 2.41 34.48 200.... 2.41 34.48 27.54 300 3.28 34.74 300...- 3.28 34.74 27.67 376 3.90 34.84 400...- 3.90 34. 85 27.70 570 *3.76 (600)..- 3.75 34.87 27.73 Station 4757; Mav 1; latitude 47°19' N., longitude 47°06' W.; depth 558 meters; dynamic height 970.941 Station 4758; May 1; latitude 47°16.5' N., longitude 47°16' W.; depth 330 meters; dynamic height 970.968 0 0.15 33.05 0 0.15 33.05 26.54 22 0.01 33.06 25 0.05 33.07 26.57 45 . - 0.32 33.33 50 0.10 33.38 26.82 67 -0.55 33.51 75 -0.40 33.56 26.99 89 -0.11 33.65 100..-. 0.15 33.72 27.09 133 0.84 34.01 150.... 1.30 34.15 27.36 178 2.06 34.33 200.... 2.25 34.40 27.49 267 2.57 34.56 (300K-- 2.75 34.62 27. 63 Station 4759; May 1; latitude 47°11.5' N., longitude 47=32' W.; depth 227 meters; dynamic height 971.010 0 26 51 76. 101 152 203 0.54 -0.03 -0.85 -0.58 0.06 0.73 1.56 32.84 33.00 33.17 33.37 33.51 33.83 34.12 0 -. 25., 50. 75. 100 150 200 0.54 -0.03 -0.87 -0.56 0.06 0.70 1.59 32.84 33.00 33.17 33.37 33.51 33.82 34.10 26.36 26.52 26.68 26.83 26. 93 27.14 27.30 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth,' meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, °/oo station 4760; May 1; latitude 47°05.o' N., longitude 47°49' W.; depth 174 meters; dynamic height 971.029 0.- 0.67 32.81 0 0.67' 32. 8L 26.34 21 0.31 32.88 ' 25 0.15, 32.9i; 26.43 42 -0.48 33.04 1 50 -0.70 33.12 26.64 63 -0.96 33.26 75 -0.90, 33.30, 26.79 84 -0.77 33.33 100..-. -0.55: 33.38i 26.84 168 0.60 33.66 150..-. 0.35 33.58 26.96 Station 4761; May 1; latitude 46°59' N., longitude 48°10' W.; depth 134 meters; dynamic height 971.041 0 1 1.19 30 I 0.52 58 0.29 88 1-0.95 116 I 0.06 32.82 32.88 32.94 33.26 33. 51 0.-.. 25.-- 50-.- 75... 100- - 1 1.19 32.82 0.60 32.87 0.35 32.92 -0.60 33.09 -0.45 33.39, 26. 31 26.38 26.43 26. 60 26. 85 Station 4702; May 1; latitude 40°4S' N., longitude 48°43' W.; depth 102 meters; dynamic height 971.047 0 1.57 24 - 1.05 49 1 0.81 73 i-0. 54 32.79 32.81 32.82 33. 08 0- 25 50 75 1.57 32.79 1.05 32.81 0.75i 32.82 26. 26 26. 32 26. 33 -0. 55i 33.09; 26.60 Station 4763; May 1; latitude 46°48' N., longitudci 48'"05' W.; depth 124 meters; dynamic height 971.041 0 1.02 32.82 0 1.02 32.82 26.33 25 0.64 32.86 25 0.64 32.86 26.37 50 0.22 32.92 50 0.22 32. 92 26.44 75 -0.54 33. 22 75 -0. .54 33.22 26.71 100 -0.08 33. 45 100..-. -0.08 .33.45 26.88 Station 4764; May 1; latitude 46°48' N., longitude 47°37' W.; depth 176 meters; dynamic height 971.041 0 n. 77 32.89 0 0.77 32.89 26.38 25 0.48 32.88 25 0.48 32.88 26.40 51 -0.14 32.98 50 -0.10 32.97 26.49 76 -0.87 33. 22 75 -0.85 33.21 26.72 102 -0.94 33.31 100...- -0.95 33. 31 26.80 153 0.36 33.61 150-..- 0.25j 33.59 26.98 Station 4765; May 1-2; latitude 46°45.5' N., longitude 47°16' W.; depth 330 meters; dynamic height 970.973 0... 25- 51.. 76.. 101. 1.52. 203. 304. 0.32 0.37 0.45 1.09 0.44 1.23 1.96 2.50 33.02 33. 38 33.48 33.73 33.82 34. 13 34.35 34.54 0--. 25.. 50.. 75-. 100- 150. 200. 300. 0.32 0.37 0.45 1.10 0.45 1.20 1.90 2.45 33.02 33. 38 33.47 33. 73 33.82 34.12 34.34 34.54 26.52 26.80 26.87 27.03 27. 15 27.35 27.47 27.58 260173—54 6 73 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, (meters Tem- o 1- ture, '."^y- °C Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin- ity. 7oo station 4766; May 2; latitude 46°45.5' N., longitude 47°10' W.; depth 733 meters; dynamic heisht 970.927 0_. 27. 53_ 80. 105 159 212. 317. 371. 590. 0.95 1 1 1.82 1.99 2.06 2.47 3.19 .3.78 3.84 33.17 33.97 34.08 34.16 34.26 34. 34 34. 52 34.72 34.78 34.85 0 25-... 50.... 75.... 100... 150... 200... 300... 400... 600... 0.95 1.95 1.85 1. 1.95 2.00 2.35 3.10 3.80 3.85 26.60 27.13 27.26 27.32 27.39 27.45 27.54 27.65 27.67 27.70 station 4767; May 2; latitude 46°45.5' N., longitude 46°54' W.; depth 1,209 meters; dynamic height 0 1.75 33.56 0 28 1.58 33.73 25 55 1.50 33.89 50 83 1.45 34.13 75 110 1.72 34.24 100.... 165 2.19 34.39 150 220 2.50 34.52 200.... 330 3.22 34. 71 300.... 431 3.57 34.82 400.... 645 3.65 34.86 600.... 861 *3.50 34.86 800.... 1,078... 3.37 34.87 1,000.. 1.75 1.60 1.50 1.45 1.60 2.10 2.40 3.05 3.50 3.65 3.55 3.40 33.56 33.72 33.87 34. 08 34.20 34. 35 .34. 47 34.66 34.78 34.85 34.86 34.87 26.86 27.00 27.13 27.29 27.38 27.46 27.54 27.63 27.68 27.72 27.74 27.77 Station 4768; May 2; latitude 46°46' N., longitude 46 27' W.; depth 527 meters; dynamic height 0.. 25. 51. 75. 101 151 202 303 372 514. 3.46 2.94 1.38 1.87 1.64 3. .36 4.01 3.79 3.85 3.76 33.65 33.70 33.62 33.94 34.16 34.54 34.74 34.80 34.84 34.86 0.. 25. 50. 75. 100 150. 200. 300. 400. 3.46 2.94 1.40 1.85 1.65 3.35 4.00 3.80 3.85 33. 65 33.70 33.62 33.94 34.16 34.54 34.73 34.80 34.85 26.79 26.87 26.93 27.15 27.35 27.50 27.59 27.67 27.70 Station 4769; May 2; latitude 46°46' N., longitude 46 10' W.; depth 330 meters; dynamic height 0.... 25... 50... 75... 101.. 151.. 202.. 302.. 6.20 5.85 5.83 5.65 5.41 4.76 3.62 3.73 33.85 33.98 34.00 34.00 34.47 34. 63 34.60 34.82 0.... 25... 50... 75... 100.. 150.. 200.. 300.. 6.20 5.85 5.83 5.65 5.40 4, 3.65 3.75 33. 85 33.98 34.00 34.00 .34. 47 34. 63 34.60 34.82 26.64 26.79 26.80 26.83 27.23 27.42 27.52 27.69 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Station 4770; May 2; latitude 46°46.5' N., longitude 970^945^'' ^'^^^^ ^^^ meters; dynamic height 0.. 25. 50. 76. 101 151 202 252 5.64 5.12 5.01 .5.10 4.69 3.98 3.78 3.78 33.77 33. 80 .33. 82 34.23 34.36 34.54 34.66 34.72 0.... 25... 50... 75... 100.. 150.. 200.. 5.64 5.12 5.01 5.10 4.70 4.00 3.80 33.77 33.80 33.82 34.22 34. 36 34. 54 34.66 26.65 26.74 26.77 27.07 27.22 27.44 27.56 Station 4771; May 2; latitude 46°48' N., longitude n^?nL^- ^'^P'^^ 220 meters; dynamic height 970.956 0_. 25. 50. 75. 100 149 199 5.62 4.75 4.61 4.53 4.75 3.93 3.93 .33. 72 33.74 33.74 33.76 34.24 34.51 34.72 0 25.... 50.... 75.... 100... 150... 200... 5.62 4.75 4.61 4.53 4.75 3.95 3.95 33.72 33.74 33.74 33.76 34.24 34.51 34.72 26.62 26.73 26.74 26.76 27.12 27.42 27.59 Station 4772; May 2; latitude 45°48' N., longitude nl^nl^-' '^^P^^ ^''^ meters; dynamic height 970.966 0-. 28. 56. 84. 113 164 5.48 4.84 4.69 4.63 3.81 3.97 33. 71 33.75 33.76 33.78 34.11 34.46 0 25 50.... 75.... 100... 150... 5.48 4.90 4.70 4.65 4.15 3.90 33.71 33.75 33.76 33.77 33.95 34.38 26.62 26.72 26.75 26.76 26.96 27.32 Station 4773; May 2; latitude 46°49' N., longitude 44°48' VV.; depth 165 meters; dynamic height 970.962 0.. 25. 50. 75. 101 151 5.44 4.83 4.74 4.61 3.77 3.83 33.70 33.77 33.77 33.77 33.98 34.38 0 25 50 75.... 100... 150... 5.44 4.83 4.74 4.61 3.75 3.85 33.70 .33. 77 33.77 33. 77 33.98 34.38 26. 62 26.75 26.75 26.77 27.02 27.33 Station 4774; May 2; latitude 46°44.5' N., longitude 97o'*967^'' '^^^^^ ^^^ meters; dynamic height 0.... 25... 50... 74... 99... 139... 5.41 33.70 4.78 33.75 4.60 33.75 4.58 3.3.75 4.24 33.84 3.83 34.30 0.... 25... 50... 75... 100.. (150) 5.41 4.78 4.60 4.55 4.20 3.85 33.70 33.75 33.75 33.75 33.85 34.41 26.62 26.73 26.75 26.76 26.87 27.36 74 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7„o Station 4775; May 2; latitude 46°32' N., longitude 44047' w ; depth 229 meters; dynamic height 970.951 0 5.10 33.73 0 5.10 33.73 26.68 25 4.74 33.76 25 4.74 33.76 26.74 50 4.67 33.77 50 4.67 33.77 26.76 75 4.21 33.88 75 4.21 33.88 26.89 100 3.64 34.09 100.-.- 3.64 34.09 27.12 149 3.96 34.51 150 3.95 34.51 27.42 199 3.93 34.64 200 3.95 34.64 27.52 Station 4776; May 2; latitude 46°25' N., longitude 44047/ w_; depth 650 meters; dynamic height 970.919 0 4.93 33.68 0 4.93 .33. 68 26.66 25 4.59 33.73 25 4.59 33.73 26.73 50 4.09 33.92 50 4.09 33.92 26. 94 75 3.72 34. 16 75 3.72 34.16 27.17 99 3.93 34.41 100.. __ 3.95 34.42 27.36 149 3.91 34.61 1.50... . 3.90 34.61 27.51 199 3.80 34.74 200... . 3.80 34.74 27.62 298 -- 3.90 34.85 300 3.90 34.85 27.70 387 .3.72 34.83 400-.-. 3.70 34.83 27.70 581 3.58 34.86 600..-. 3.60 34.86 27.74 Station 4777; May 2-3; latitude 46°18' N., longitude 44045- Yv . depth 2,637 meters; dynamic height 970.915 0 4.86 33.72 0 4.86 33.72 26.70 24 4.05 33. 80 25 4.05 33.81 26.85 48 3.50 33.90 50 3.50 33.91 26.99 72 3.23 34. 01 75 3.25 34. 03 27.10 97 3.36 34. 26 100-._. 3.40 34.28 27.29 145 . 3.72 34.58 150 3.70 34.60 27.52 193 3.70 34.72 200...- 3.70 34.73 27.62 290 .3.72 34.82 300... . 3.75 34.83 27.69 337 3.79 34.85 400.... 3.75 34.87 27.73 517 3.60 34.88 600-.. . 3.60 34.88 27.75 704 3.56 34. 88 800--.. 3.50 34.88 27.76 891 3.39 34.87 1,000.. 3.40 34.87 27.77 1,379... 3.38 34.88 Station 4778; May 3; latitude 46°02' N., longitude 44°39' W.; depth 3,475 meters; dynamic height 970.977 0 9.74 34.47 1 0 9.74 34. 47 26.60 26 9.71 34.47 25 9.70 34.47 26.61 51 10.71 34.98 50 10.70 34.98 26.83 78 10.01 34.99 75 10.15 34.99 26.93 103 8.08 34.77 100.... 8.35 34.78 27. 06 155 6.01 34.64 150.... 6.15 34.65 27.28 206 3.82 34.54 200 4.00 34. 55 27.45 309 -. 4.07 34.81 300.... 4.05 34.80 27.64 420 3.76 34.85 400 3.80 34.85 27.71 627 3.60 34.86 600.... 3.65 34.86 27.73 832 3.59 34.87 800.... 3.60 34.87 27.75 1,046... 3.38 34. 86 1,000.. 3.40 34.86 27.76 1,586... 3.36 34.88 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, 7oo Station 4779; May 3; latitude 46°03' N., longitude 45°26' W.; depth 2,468 meters; dynamic height 971.009 0 8.20 34.14 0 8.20 34.14 26.59 26 10.56 34.78 25 10.55 34.77 26.70 52 11. 45 35.10 50 11.45 35.09 26.78 78- 10.85 35. 11 75 10.95 35.11 26.89 104 9.24 34.92 100...- 9.55 34.96 27.02 155 6.21 34.61 150 6.30 34.63 27.24 206 6.62 34.88 200 6.60 34.87 27.39 310 5.02 34.80 300-.. . 5.10 34.81 27.54 396 4.36 34.84 400 4.35 34.85 27.65 595 4.12 .34. 91 600--.. 4.10 34.91 27. 73 794 3.64 34.88 800 ,3.65 34.88 27.74 998 3.53 34.89 1,000.. 3.55 34.89 27.76 1,518... 3.36 34.89 Station 4780; May 3; latitude 46°04.5' N., longitude 46°10' W.; depth 1,691 meters; dynamic height 970.947 0 4.77 .33. 71 0 4.77 33.71 26.70 24 5.00 33. 82 25 5.00 33.82 26.77 49 5.29 33.88 50 5.25 33.87 26.78 73 . . 2.20 33.68 75 2.15 33.68 26. 93 98 1.86 34.12 100..-- 1.85 34.15 27.32 146 3.02 34.42 150 3.10 34. 44 27.45 195 3.65 34.55 200..-- 3.70 34.56 27.49 293 4.65 34.88 300...- 4.65 34.89 27.65 395 *4.67 34.96 400-.. . 4. 65 34.96 27.71 597 3.98 34.92 600-.-- 4.00 34.92 27.75 802 3.68 34.90 800---. 3.70 34.90 27.76 1,005... 3.72 34.92 1,000.. 3.70 34.92 27.78 1,517-.. 3.39 34.88 Station 4781; May 3; latitude 46°07' N., longitude 46°46' W.; depth 1,150 meters; dynamic height 970.942 0 5.03 33. 74 0 5.03 33.74 26.69 25 4.98 33.80 25 4.98 33. 80 26.75 50 2.71 33.70 50 2.71 33.70 26.89 75 3.66 34. 08 75 3.66 34.08 27.11 100 5.18 34.52 100---. 5.18 34.52 27.30 150 3.07 34.45 150 3.07 34. 45 27.46 200 3.94 34.68 200.-. 3.94 34.68 27.55 300 4.27 34.85 300 4.27 34.85 27.66 381 *4.2:3 34. 885 400..-- 4.20 34.89 27.70 578 3.73 34.88 600..-- 3.75 34.88 27.73 779 3.69 34.89 800.--- 3.70 34.89 27.75 985 3.47 (1,000) 3.50 34.89 27.77 Station 4782; May 3; latitude 46°09' N., longitude 47°20' W.; depth 732 meters; dynamic height 970.941 0 2.02 25 1.31 50 0.94 75 1.18 101 1.33 151 1.76 201 2.08 302 2.93 401 3.55 597 3.70 33.46 33.62 33.70 34.00 34.08 34.26 34. 37 34.64 34.81 34.85 0-.. 25.. 50.. 75.. 100. 150. 200 300 400 600 2,02 33.46 26.77 1,31 33.62 26.94 0 94 33. 70 27.02 1 18 34.00 27.25 1 30 34.08 27.30 1 75 34.26 27.42 2 05 34.37 27.49 2 90 34. 63 27.62 3. 55 34.81 27.70 3.70 34.85 27.72 75 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Scaled values Station 4783; May 3; latitude 46°10.5'N., longitude 47°30' W.; depth 439 meters; dynamic height 970.958 0._ 25_ 50. 74.. 99. 149 198. 297. 396. 1.85 0.66 0.78 0.84 0.90 1.81 2.06 2.74 *3. 18 33.36 33. 56 33.64 33.72 33. 92 34.21 34.40 34.58 34.70 0... 25.. 50.- 75.. 100. 150. 200. 300. 400. 1.85 0.66 0.78 0.85 0.90 1.85 2.05 2.75 3.15 33. 36 33. 56 33.64 33.72 33.93 34.21 34.41 34.58 34.711 26.69 26. 93 26.98 27. 05 27.21 27.37 27.52 27.59 27.66 Station 4784; May 3; latitude 46°10.5'iV., longitude 47°49' W.; depth 174 meters; dynamtic height 971.014 0 I 1.29 25 j 1.16 50 -1.07 75 -1.18 101 -0.39 151 0.85 32.86 33.05 33.24 33.36 33. 55 33.85 0-. 25. 50. 75. 100 150 1.29 1.16 -1.07 -1.18 -0.45 0.85 32.86 33. 05 33.24 33. 36 33. 54 33. 85 26. 33 26.50 26.75 26.85 26.97 27.15 Station 4785; May 3; latitude 46°12' N., longitude 48°03' W.; depth 119 meters; dynamic height 971.027 0.. 26. 52. 79. 105 1.91 0.54 0.03 -0.68 -0.28 32.90 33.02 33. 08 .33. 23 33. 49 0.... 25_.. 50 .. 75-.. 100.- 1.91 0..55 0.05 -0.60 -0.40 32.90 33.02 .33. 08 33. 21 33. 43 26.32 26.50 26.58 26.71 26.88 Station 4786; May 4; latitude 46°14.5' N., longitude 48°33' W.; depth 92 meters; dynamic height 971.051 0 2.42 25 1.68 51 0.84 76 -0.23 0 2.42 25 1. 50 0.90 75 -0.20 Observed values Sealed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin- ity, Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, "C Salin- 'l station 4789; May 4; latitude 46°01' N., longitude t^l^E-^'^-' '^^^^^ ^^ meters; dynamic height 1.91 32.78 1.44' 32.79 l.OOj 32.83 -0.28 3.3.10 0-. 25. 50. (75) 1.91 1.40 0.85 -0.50 32.78 26.23 32.791 26.27 32. 87i 26.37 33. 16! 26. 66 Station 4790; May 4; latitude 45°49.5' N., longitude ^8 15' W.; depth 115 meters; dynamic height 0.. 25. 50- 75. 100 1.68 0.25 -0.68 -0.82 -0.87 32.91 32.96 33. 27 33.33 33.54 0.. 25. 50. 75. 100 1.68 0.25 -0.68 -0.82 -0.87 32.91 32.96 33.27 33.33 33. 54, 26.34 26.47 26.76 26.81 26.98 ^*?oi??, ^IV' ¥'^y *-' latitude 45^47' N., longitude 971024 '^'^ ^"^ meters; dynamic height 0 1.13 25 -0.26 51 -1.11 76 -0.95 102 -0.52i 153 0.04| 32.92 33.15 33.26 .33. 37 33. 50 33. 57 0---- 25... 50... 75... 100.. 150.. 1.13 -0.26 -1.10 -0.95 -0.55 0.00 32. 92 33.15 33. 26 33.37 33.49 33. 56: 26.39 26.64 26.76 26.85 26.93 26.97 Station 4792; May 4; latitude 45°42' N , longitude 48°06' W.; depth 658 meters; dynamic height Station 4787; May 4; latitude 46°17' N., longitude 49°00' W.; depth 70 meters; dynamic height 971.063 0.... 21... 42-- 2.61 32.60 1.78 32.63 1.35 32.63 0 2.61 25 1.80 50 1.20 32.60 26.03 32.63 26.11 32.63 26.16 Station 4788; May 4; latitude 46°07.5' N , longitude 48°41' W.; depth 75 meters; dynamic height 1.02 -0.19 -0.13 0.55 0.63 1.17 1.83 2.62 3.04 *3.44 32. 90 33.24 33.52 33.72 33.78 .34. 06 34.28 34.54 34.69 34.82 0... 25-. 50.. 75-. 100. 150. 200. 300. 400. (600) 1.02 -0.20 -0.10 0.5 0.65 1.20 1.90 2.70 3.15 3.45 32.90 33.24 33. 54 33. 73 33. 80 34.09 34.31 34. 56 34.71 34. 83 26. 38 26.72 26.95 27.07 27. 12 27.32 27.45 27.58 27.66 27.72 Station 4793; May 4; latitude 45°34.5' N., longitude ^' 52' W.; depth 1,439 meters; dynamic height 0 23 45 2.38 1.51 1.27 -0.02 32.66 32.70 32.72 32.99 0 25 50 (75).... 2.38 32.66 1.50 32.70 1.05 32.75 -0. 25 33. 10 26.09 26.18 26.26 26.60 0.... 24... 48... 72... 96.... 144... 192... 288... 402... 599... 793... 992... 1,341. 3.10 2.40 2.13 2.02 4.73 4.79 4.82 3.20 3.65 3.64 .3.59 3.46 3.4l! 33.44 33.59 33.86 34.14 34.62 34.74 34.84 34.70 34.82 34.86 34. 86 34.86 34.87 0.... 25... 50... 75... 100.. 150.. 200.. 300.. 400.. 600.. 800.. 1,000. 3.10 2.40 2.10 2.05 4.75 4. 4.75 3.20 3.65 3.65 .3.60 3.45 33.44 33.60 33.88 34.17 34.63 34.75 34.84 34.70 34.82 34. 861 34. 86 34. 86 26.65 26.84 27.08 27.33 27.43 27.52 27.60 27.65 27.70 27. 73 27.74 27.75 76 Tahle of Oceanographic Dofa— Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Scaled values Depth, meters Tern- salin- pera- ^^ ture, o/' °C '" Tern- g jjjj. Depth, pera- j. meters ture, o/ ' °C '°° "i Station 4794; May 4; latitude i5''2(y N., long"«de 47°23' W.; depth 2,509 meters; dynamic height 970.961 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin- ity, °/„o Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, 7„o Station 4797; May 5; latitude 45°30' N., longitude 45°25' W.; depth 3,658 meters; dynamic height 971.082 0 25 50 75 100.. _ 150... 200--- .300.-. 411 .. 618... 825... 1, 032- 1, 550. 9.75 34.04 10.24 34.64 11.57 35.11 12.31 35.38 11.73 35. 26 10.73 35.17 6. .54 34. 57 6.36 34.87 5.89 34. 98 4.75 34.97 *4 14 34. 96 3.88 34.92 *3.28 34.91 0 25-..- 50-... 75-... 100... 150..- 200... 300... 400... 600.- 800- - 1,000 9.75 10.24 11.57 12.31 11.73 10.73 6.54 6.36 5.90 4.80 4.20 3.90 34.04 34.64 35.11 35.38 35. 26 .35. 17 34.57 34.87 34. 98 34. 97 34.96 34. 93 26.26 26.65 26.77 26.84 26.86 26.98 27.16 27.43 27.57 27.70 27.76 27.76 Station 4795; May 4; latitude 45°24' N., longitude 46°40' W.; depth 3.011 meters; dynamic height 971.025 Station 4798: May 5; latitude 44°45.5' N., longitude 45°23' W.; depth 3,896 meters; dynamic height 971^204 Station 4796; May 5; latitude 45=27' N., longitude 40^00' W.; depth 3,402 meters; dynamic height 971.025 Station 4799; May 5; latitude 44°18.5' N., longitude K'W.; depth 4,115 meters; dynamic height 971.270 Table of Oceanographic Dofo— Confinued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952-Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7o„ Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, %„ ^^^^oZ'^T' ^ay 5; latitude 44°26.5' ^7., longitude 971133' "^ ^'^^^ ™^''"''= dynamic height Observed values 0_._. 19 .. 38- _. 58_._ 76... 115.. 154.. 230.. 260_. 515... 658... 1, 038. 11.79 11.35 13. 95 14.02 11.71 11. 11.44 5.69 7.66 5.21 4.57 4.29 .3.86 34.40 34.60 35. 56 35. 58 35.12 35. 34 35. 25 34.46 34.67 .34. 77 34.86 34.92 34.91 0 11.79 25. 50-... 75.. _. 100... 150... 200.. 300... 400... 600... 800... 1,000. 11.75 14.00 11.75 11.70 11.50 8.85 5.90 5.10 4.40 4.15 3 34.40 34.72 35.58 35. 13 35. 25 35.29 34. 83 34. 65| 34. 781 34. 90 20. 18 26.44 26.65 26.76 26. 86 26.93 27.03 27.31 27.51 27.68 Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7„o Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oc ^^S'T^H^^f^M'^^o""*^^ 44°56' N., longitude 970 904 ^ ' ™®'®'"^' '^y'l^mie height .34.921 27.73 34.911 27.75 ^^o^^f^TMSyXIatit'''^^ 44°36."yN7l^HiiUMe 970 996 ' ™®*'""'' ^J'^amlc height 0_... 28... 56. __ 84... 111.. 167.. 223.. 3.34.. 404.. 632.. 877.. 1,098 1, 654 8.34 6.92 6.59 3. 18 5.21 5.21 4.86 4. 56 4. 35 4.19 3.941 3. 62 3.44 33.68 33.74 33. 92 33.98 34. 38 34. 68 34.74 I .34.86 34.88 .34.94 34.93 I 34. 905, 34.90 I 0.._. 25. . 50 75 100... 150.. 200... 300.. _. 490... 600.... 800. . . 1, 000. . 8.34 7.00 6.65 4.20 4.50 5.25 4.95 4.65 4.35 4.20 4.05 3.75 33.68 26.20 33.73 26.44 33.90 26.62 33.96 26.96 34.171 27.10 34.63| 27.37 34.721 27.48 0... 24... 49... 73... 97... 146 . 195.. 292.. 338.- 513.. 690.. 880.. 1, 385 2.91 33. .38 2.46 3.3.44 1.57 1.79 2.00 2.43 3.13 3.25 3. .55 3.62 .3.66 3.58 3.44 33.99 34.22 34.32 34.44 34. 64 34. 74 34.83 34. 86 34. 90 34.90 34.90 0.... 25.-.- 50--- 75---- 100---. 1.50. 200-.. 300---- 400 600 800--. 1,000.- 2.91 33. 38| 2.45 33. 45: 1.55 34.01 1.80 34.23 2. 05 34.32 2.50 34.45 3. 15 34. 65 3. 30 34. 75 3.60 34.85 3.65 34.88 3.65 34.90 3.55 34.90 26.62 26.72 27.23 27.39 27. 45 27.51 27.61 27.68 27.73 27.74 27. 76 27.77 ^'as'^vw''^'/^??' '5: '.?«tude 44°57' N., longitude 970975^ ' ™'^^'^''^' ^5Ti'^™'c height 34.83 34. 88 34.94 34.93 34. 92^ 27.60 27.67 27.74 27.74 27.77 ^''t7^°",^|02; May 6; latitude 44°44' N., longitude 970.972 ' ^'P ^'^^^ ™^*^'''' dynamic height 0--.. 24.... 49-... 72---. 97---- 145..- 193--- 290- - 376--- 560.- 742--- 932-. 1, 422- 5.91 33. 43 .5.32 33.60 5.32 33. 03 4.71 33. 78 3.12 34.02 2.21 34. 26 4.22 34. 73 3.88 34.78 4.14 34.90 3.85 34.87 3.73 34.90 3.60 34. 885 3.44 34.88 0 27 52 79 104.-- 157---. 210---. 314-... 442...- 658-..- 871...- 1,092- - 1.93 .33.19 0 1 1.93 3.3. 19 1 1.76 33.48 25-... 1.75 33.47 0.83 33.63 50 0.85 .3.3.62 0.89 .33.71 75 0.90 3.3.70: 0.78 33.79 100..-- 0.80 33. 78i 1.17 34.05 150 1.10 .34.01 2.05 34.34 200 1.90 34.30 2.821 .34.58 300---- 2.75 34.56 3.401 34.80 400-.. . 3.30 34.74 3.62 34.86 600-.-. .3.60 34.86 3.47 34.85 800.--- 3.55 34.86 3.45 1.000.- 3.45 34.86 ^^f^t^,^^^r'^' ^^^ ^' latitude 44°58.5' .M., longitude 971072 ^^* meters; dynamic height ^•■^oi"", *^^^' ^^y 6; latitude 44°52 5' N loneitude 970 92o'^-' "'^'^^ '•'•'' ™^'''"'= dynamic heS 0 24 49---- 73---- 98 146.--. 195 - 293..- 389 - 584--- 778.-- 991.-- 1,560-. 33.27 33.43 33. 74 34. 05 34. 43 34.65 34. 72 .34.83 I .34.90 I 34.90 34.89 501 34.89 44| .34.90 0--- 25 50-.-. 75.... 100-- 150---- 200---- 300---- 400.--- 600.-- 800. . - 1,000-. 2. 0.70 1. 1.90 3.70 4.60 4.15 4. 10 4.10 3.80 3.60 .33. 27 33. 44 33. 75 34.03 34.45 34.66 34.73 34.84 34.90 34.90 34. 89 3.50 34.89 26.56 26. 83 27.04 27. 22 27.40 27.47 27.57 27.67 27.72 27. 75 27.76 27.77 ^'^roin?'''??/' ^i'*^.?' latitude 44°59.5' N., longitude 971073 meters; dynamic height 2.62 32.78 0.79 32.89 -0. 16 :33. 16 -0.09 --- 0 25.-.- 50 75 2.62 0.75 -0. 15 -0.05 32. 78 .32.91 33.21 33. 56 26.17 26.40 26.70 26.97 ^^^"??, *?i?^= ^^y.6; latitude 44°59' N., longitude 1 087 ' '-'^'^^ ™ meters; dynamic height 971.087 2.50 2.32 0.56 32.80 32.80 32.93 0 2.50 25 2.32 50 0.56 32.80 32.80 32.93 26.20 26.22 26.43 78 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo Station 4809; May 6; latitude 44°16' N., longitude 49°29' W.; depth 53 meters; dynamic height 971.083 0. 26. 46 3.09 0.96 0.64 32.83 32.94 32.97 0-.. 25.. (50). 3.09 1.00 0.60 32.83 26.17 32.94 26.42 32.98 26.47 Station 4810; May 7; latitude 44°14' N., longitude 49°23' W.; depth 93 meters; dynamic height 971.079 0.. 25. 51 76. 2.47 0.59 0.21 -0.31 32.89 32.97 33.04 33.24 0. 25 50 75 2.47 0.59 0.20 -0.30 32.89 32.97 33.04 33.23 26.26 26.46 26.54 26.71 Station 4811; May 7; latitude 44°13.5' N., longitude 49° 19' W.; depth 201 meters; dynamic height 971.082 0 2.46 32.87 0 2.46 32.87 26.25 25 1.01 32.97 25 1.01 .32.97 26.44 49 0.35 33.03 50 0.35 33.03 26.52 74 -0.33 33.22 75 -0.35 33. 22 26.70 98 -0.76 33.33 100 -0.75 33.33 26.81 147 0.13 33.66 150 0.15 33.66 27.04 Station 4812; May 7; latitude 44°12' N., longitude 49°15' W.; depth 713 meters; dynamic heignt 971.064 0 2.31 32.88 0 2.31 32.88 26.28 25 0.19 33.04 25 0.19 33.04 26.54 51 -0. 85 33. 23 50 -0.85 33.23 26.73 76 -0.43 33.47 75 -0. 45 33.46 26.91 101 -0.15 33.56 100_..- -0.15 33.55 26.97 152 0.72 33.78 150__.. 0.70 33.78 27.10 203 0.87 .33. 82 200- _.- 0.85 33.82t 27.13 304 1.99 34.24 300. _.. 1.95 34.221 27.38 399 2.79 34.57 400__.. 2.80 34. 57| 27.58 593 3.49 34.81 600.--- 3.50 34.81 27.71 Station 4813: May 7; latitude 44°10' N., longitude 49°07' W.; depth 1,582 meters; dynamic height 971.043 0 2.36 32.89 0 2. .36 32.89 26.27 25 0.17 .33. 07 25 0.17 33.07 26.56 50 -0.86 33.28 50 -0.86 33.28 26.77 75 -0.32 33.49 75 -0.32 33.49 26.92 99 0.32 33. 68 100.--- 0.35 33.68 27.04 149 0.74 33. 78 150---. 0.75 33.78 27.10 199 1.11 33.95 200.--. 1.10 33. 95 27.22 298 2.10 34. 33 300.--. 2.15 34.34 27.45 404 2.90 .34. 62 400.-.. 2.85 34.61 27.61 600 3.70 34.84 600.--. 3.70 34.84 27.71 792 - 3.67 34. 87 800..-. 3.70 34.87 27.74 990 3.61 34.88 1,000.. 3.60 34.88 27.75 1,484..- 3.51 34.88 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo Station 4814; May 7; latitude 44°07' N., longitude 48°52' W.; depth 2,615 meters; dynamic height 971.016 0.... 24..- 48-. - 72... 96... 144.. 193.. 289.. 368.. 554.- 741.. 9.34-. 1,429 2.20 0.00 -0.79 0.26 0.23 0.80 1.60 4.21 4.70 4.49 4.10 3.87 3.44 32. 87 33.06 33.28 33.50 33.64 33.84 34.18 34. 67 34.90 34.95 34.94 34.92 34.90 0 25 50 75 100... . 150.-.. 200.... 300-.-. 400..-. 600..- 800... 1,000. 2.20 0.05 -0.80 0.20 0.30 0.80 1.70 4.40 4.70 4.40 4.05 3. 32.87 33.00 33.29 33. 52 33.66 .33. 8 34.23 34.71 34.93 34.95 34.93 34.92 26.27 26.56 26.77 26.95 27.03 27.17 27.39 27.53 27.67 27.72 27.74 27.77 Station 4815; May 7; latitude 43°58' N., longitude 48°21' W.; depth 3,475 meters; dynamic height 970.961 0 25 51...- 76..-- 102... 152... 204... 306--. 412--. 615--. 816.-- 1,022- 1,544- 4.36 2.63 0.33 3.21 1.44 2.51 2.96 4.93 4.66 4.10 3.9 3.56 3.47 33.06 33.24 33. 55 34.08 34.04 34. 30 34.52 .34. 935 34.95 34.92 34.92 34. 89 34.91 0 25.-. 50-.- 75... 100.. 150.. 200- . 300.. 400.- 600.. 800.. 1,000 4.36 2.63 0.35 3.20 1.45 2.45 2. 4.90 4.70 4.15 3.95 3.60 33.06 33.24 33.54 34.07 34.04 34.35 34.50 34. 92 34.95 34. 92 34.92 34.89 26.22 26.54 26.93 27.15 27.26 27.43 27.52 27.65 27.69 27.73 27.75 27.76 Station 4816; May 7; latitude 43°48' N., longitude 47°43' W.; depth 3,841 meters; dynamic height 971.087 0 9.54 33.83 0 9.54 33. 83 26.13 22 10.84 34.86 25 10.85 34.89 26.73 43 10.98 34.99 50 11.10 35.03 26.80 65 11.40 35.14 75 11.45 35.16 26.84 87 11.49 35. 18 100..-- 11.50 35.18 26.84 130 11.46 35.17 150...- 9.90 .34.95 26.95 173 7.99 34.78 200---. 7.20 .34. 78 27.23 260 6.38 34.79 300--.- 6.10 34.80 27.40 296 6. 14 34. 80 400--.. .5. 15 34.84 27.55 451 4.75 34.86 600--.. 4.30 34.90 27.69 610 4.25 34.90 800--.. 4.10 34.93 27.74 777 4.15 34.93 1,000-. 3.85 .34. 91 27.75 1,219.-- 3.59 34.89 Station 4817; May 7 latitude 43°36.5' N., longitude 46°59' W.; depth 4,490 meters; dynamic height 971.073 ' 0 25--.. 50-.-. 75.-.. 99--.. 150--. 200-.. 299-.. .302-.. 499-.. 698-.. 903... 1, 433. 8.45 8.46 7.58 7.35 6.37 '6."95 4.95 4.91 33.78 33.95 34.08 34.33 34.35 34. 36 34.76 34.69 34. 70 5. 00 1 34.94 4.30 34.94 3.85 34.89 3.58 34.89 0 25 50 75 100-.-- 150 200.--. 300--.. 400.... 600.-.- 800...- 1,000.. 8.45 8.46 7.58 7.35 6.35 5.25 6.95 4.95 4.95 4.65 4.05 3.80 33.78 33.95 34.08 34.33 34. 35 34.36 34.76 34.70 34.83 34.94 34.91 34.89 26.27 26.40 26.63 26.86 27.01 27.16 27.26 27.46 27.56 27.69 27. 73 27.74 79 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952-Continued ^^fii??, li^^'i^^^y 8; latitude 43°28' N., longitude 971040 ^'^""^ meters; dynamic heiglit 0 24 48 71 95 142... . 190_... 285... . 316 486..-, 663__. 849.... 1,349.. 6.74 5.43 2.17 2.-36 3.34 4.68 4.95 4.70 4.42 4.00 3.53 33.52 33. 65 33. 75 .33. 69 33.72 34.04 34.43 34. 79 34.88 34. 94 34. 94 34.93 34.90 0 25.... 50_... 75 ... 100. - 150... 200. _ . 300... 400... 600... 800... 1,000. 8.78 7.90 6.65 4.95 2.20 2.45 3.55 4.85 4.85 4.55 4.10 3.75 33.52 33.65 .33. 75 33. 69 33. 74 34. 11 34. 48 34.84 34.83 34.94 34. 93 34. 92 26.01 26.25 26.50 26.67 26.96 27.24 27. 43 27.58 27.65 27.70 27.74 27.77 ®*.%"o?, ^^,J^' ¥^y ^' latitude 43°20.5' N., longitude 971174 '^'^'^^ meters; dynamic height 971 355 ' ^^ *''°^ ™''*®'''' ^y'la™'^' height ^^^700?.^™'^- ¥^^^- latitude 42°58.5' N., longitude 971 229 ^'"^^ meters; dynamic height ^^f.^^^'''^?"' ¥^^^'' '^"t"<^e 42°52.5' X., longitude ^^j^|__W.; depth 4.663 meters; dynamic height 0 26.... . 52... . 78.... 104 156 208 311.... 415... 625 836 1,046... 1,572.. 19. 10 36. 31 18. 16 36. 02 17. 12 36.28 16. 87 36. 32 16.75 36.29 16.58 36.26 16.56 36.26 '16.21 .... 14.67 35.86 9.35j 35.20 5.59 34.90 4.65i .34.94 3.54! 34.93 0 25.... 50-... 75.... 100... 150... 200.. 300... 400... 600... 800... . 1,000.. 15.26 15.25 16. 15 14.55 13. 90 13.40 13. 20 10.25i 8.10 5.05J 4.40i 4. 10 35.40 35.40 35. 95 35.73 35.65 35. 65 35.67 3.5. 31 35.06 34.90 34.95 34. 94 26.24 26.24 26.47 20.64 26.72 26.83 26.89 27.17 27.33 27.61 27.72 27.75 0... 25.... .50.... 75__.. 100... 150 . 200... 300... 400... 600... 800... 1,000. 19.10 18.20 17.15 16.90 16.75 16.60 16. 55 16. .30 14.95 9.95 6.00 4.80 36. 31 36.04 36. 27 36. 32 36.30 36. 26 36. 26 36.18 35. 90 35.27 34.92 34.94 ^^f^inl V^' ¥^^^^' latitude 43°09.5' N., longitude 971024 ^^^^ meters; dynamic height 26.01 26.03 26.47 26.57 26.59 26.59 26.60 26.60 26. 69 27.19 27.51 27.67 ^•^ffii^' fP'i^^^yx-^: latitude 42=28' N.. longitude 971^12 ^'^^^ metovs; dynamic height 0 8.54 27 11.91 53 12.66 11. .34 105.... 159.... 212 317.-.. 404 606.... 811.... 1,017.. 1,540.- 9.55 5.06 6.75 4.52 3.93 3.92 4.00 3.76 3.41 33. 33 35.16 35.46 35.20 35.00 .34. 40 34.87 34.77 34.78 34. 87 34.93 34. 90 34. 91 0 25... 50... 75... 100.. 150-. 200.. 300.. 400- . 600- . 800.. 1,000 8.54 11.75 12.60 11.75 10.00 5.50 6.35 4.75 3.95 3.90 4.00 3.80 33. 33 35.02 35.45 35.26 35.04 34.49 .34. 77 34. 78 1 34. 781 34. 87 34. 93 34. 90 25.90 26.68 26.84 26.86 27.00 27. 23 27. 35 27.55 27.63 27.72 27.75 27.75 80 Table of Oceanographic Dg^q— Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7c o Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin- ity, 7„o Station 4825; May 9; latitude 43°20' N., longitude 48°50' W.; depth 1,920 meters; dynamic height 970.956 0 5.12 33.16 0 5.12 33.16 26.23 24 4.11 33.32 25 4.10 33.34 26.48 50 1.80 33.70 50 1.80 33.71 26.98 74 2.02 34.07 75 2.00 34.08 27.25 99 2.70 34.24 100..-- 2.70 34.25 27. 33 148 4.15 34.60 150.-.. 4.20 34.61 27.48 198 4.33 34.73 200. _.- 4.30 34. 73 27.56 297 3.11 34.67 300...- 3.15 34.67 27.63 393 .-- 3.40 34.76 400. _.- 3.40 34.77 27.69 588 3.68 34.84 600.... 3.65 34.84 27.71 781 3.61 34.86 800.... 3.60 34.86 27.74 979 3.54 34.88 1,000._ 3.55 34.861 27.74 1,483.-- 3.45 34.88 1 ! Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7co Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, 7,o Station 4828; May 10; latitude 41°59.5' N., longitude 48°02' W.; depth 3,658 meters; dynamic height 971.026 Station 4826; May 9; latitude 42°37.5' N., longitude 49°01' W.; depth 2,286 meters; dynamic height 970.985 0 8.38 32.96 0 8.38 32. 96 25.63 25 5.09 33.22 25 5.09 33.22 26.28 50 3.76 33.60 50 3.76 33.60 26.72 75 4.50 33.98 75 4.50 33. 98 26.94 101 4.02 34.13 100...- 4.05 34.13 27.11 150 4.92 34.44 150..-- 4.90 34.44 27.26 200 3.87 34.43 200--.- 3. 85 34.43 27.37 301 5.40 34.88 300-.. . 5.40 34.88 27.55 392 4.88 34.90 400.... 4.85 34.91 27.64 589 4.73 35.00 600.-- 4.70 35.00 27.73 788 4.18 34.95 800---- 4.10 34.95 27.76 986 3.80 34.925 1,000-- 3.80 34.92 27.77 1,480... 3.66 34.94 0 4.53 33.08 0 4.53 33.08 26.22 24 5.11 33.59 25 5.10 33.60 26.58 49 2.84 33.66 50 2.70 33.67 26.87 73 0.79 .33. 81 75 0.80 33.82 27. 13 98 1.30 33. 94 100---. 1.30' 33.95 27.20 145 1.84 34.18 150 1.90| 34.20 27.36 194 2.42 34.41 200..-. 2.50; 34.43 27.49 292 3.25 34.64 300---. 3.30 34.65 27.60 353 3.61 34.73 400-.-- 3.60 34.76 27.66 529 3.55 34.80 600---. 3.651 34.82 27.70 703 3.79 34.86 800---- 3.75! 34.87 27.73 889 3.71 34.87 1,000-- 3.65 34.87 27.74 1,370-- 3.51 34.87 Station 4829; May 10; latitude 41°34.5' N., longitude 47°14' W.; depth 4,207 meters; dynamic height 971.176 Station 4827 48°33' W. 971.014 ■ May 9; latitude 42°24.5' X., longitude depth 3,109 meters; dynamic height 0 27 53 81 107 161 215 322 257 408--.- 576-- 755--.- 1,265- 9.21 8.48 8.3; 8.9: 8.1 6.73 4. 5. 5,15 4, 4.67 3.95 3.79 33.17 34.46 34.70 34.96 34.86 34.72 34.54 34.96 34.74 34.96 34.98 34.92 34.89 0 9.21 25 8.50 50 8.30 75 8.90 100.--. 8.45 150..-- 7.00 200.-.- 5.30 300-..- 5.70 400-..- 5.00 600-... 4.601 800.-.- 3.95; 1,000.. 3.90 33.17 34.37 34.68 34.90 34.88 34.75 34.58 34.91 34. 96! 34.97! 34. 92, 34.91 0 13.86 34.63 0 13.86i 34.63 25. 95 25 14.49 35.57 25 14.49i 35.57 26.54 50 14.14 35.61 50 14.141 35.61 26. 65 75 14.63 35.84 75 14.63 35.84 26.71 99 13.76 35.68 100..-- 13.75 35.68 26.78 149 .. 13.34 35.68 150---- 13.30l 35.68 26.87 199 10.29 35.10 200-..- 10.25' 35.10 27.00 298 8.40 34. 95 300-.-- 8.651 35.02 27.21 284 9.18 35.08 400 7.40i 35.07 27.44 443 6.86' 35.08 600...- 5.IOI 34.96 27.65 612 4.96 34.96 800 4.351 34.95 27.73 787 4.37 34.95 1,000-- 4.15: 34.95 27.75 1,265--. 3.86 34.94 ! Station 4830; May 10; latitude 40°59' X., longitude 48°28' W.; depth 3,011 meters; dynamic height 971.155 81 Table of Oceanographic Dofa— Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952-Continued Observed values Tem- r, ,. Depth, pera- ^.f"^" meters ture, I - ^• ° C %, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7„o Station 4831; May 10; latitude 41°31' N longitude Zms^-' ^''P'^ 3'200 "^<^ters; dynamic he'ght C... 27... 53... 80... 105.. 159.. 212_. 317._ 402.. 599. _ 795.. 998. _ 1,511 7.89 3.61 2.03 1.44 1.24 2.63 4.97 4.75 4.91 4. .371 4.17! 32.74 33. 16 33. 41 33. 69 33.92 34.28 34.73 34.84 34. 93 34.95 34.96 4.001 34.9.35 3.581 34.905 0._.. 25.-.. 50_-.. 75-_.. 100... 150- _. 200-.- 300--. 400-.- 600. - - 800-.. 1, 000. .3.90 2.20 1.50 1.25 2.25 4.50 4.80 4.90 32.74 33. 15 33.40 33. 64 33.88 34. 22 34.67 34.82 34.93 4.35j .34.951 4.20 34.96 4.00 34.94 25.54 26.34 26.70 26.94 27.14 27. 35 27.49 27.58 27. 65 27.73 27.76 27.76 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7o„ ^«°27' w^'' f% "= '?"t"de 42°00' N., longitude 971 032 "^ ' ™''^''"'^' dJ'namic height ^'?nw V"^' f ^?v,"i i?^"'^'^'' *1°30' N- longitude 971 354 ^^ ' "^"^"^^ dynamic height 0.- 23- 45- 68. 134--. 179-.. 268-.. 305... 513-.. 722... 9.30--. 1,452- 6.83 5.18 6.3 5.34 4.60 3.77 4.91 4.91 4.22 4.64 4.05 3.68 33.12 33.33 34.00 34.30 34.34 34.40 34.40 34.77 34.80 34.86 35.00 34.95 34. 93 0 25_-.. 50-.-. 75 100-.- 150.--, 200-.. 300.--. 400--. 600..-. 800--.. 1,000-. 0..-. 26-.. 51... 76-.. 102 _. 152-_ 203 -. 305- . 401.- 595-- 787-. 996.. 1,540 20.30 36.31 0 20.30 .36. 31 19.93 36.46 25 19.95 36.46 18.53 36.28 50 18.60 36.28 17.98 36.38 75 18.00 36.38 15.48 35. 82 100-.-- 15.60 35. 84 15.34 36.02 150..-. 15.40 36.02 14.12 35.81 200-..- 14.20 35.821 12.13 35. 52 300-.-. 12.20 35.53! 10.18 35.28 400.-.- 10.15 35. 29 4.55 34.70 600-..- 4.55 34. 70 1 4.97 34.98 800 5.00 34. 981 4.42' 34.98 1,000.- 4.40 34.98i 3.861 34.94 1 1 25.69 26.90 26.12 26.35 26.50 26.69 26.79 26.98 27.17 27.51 27.68 27.74 ^'^ni??' «f^' ¥''V^i latitude 42°02' .\-., longitude 971 048 meters; dynamic height ^\1i"??' V^' ¥""1 "0= '^"^"^'-^ 40°^'^9' ^^- longitude 971 698 '^^^ ™*'*'^''^' <^y"'^™'f= l^eight 0--.. 23... 46-.. 69.-. 92... 137- . 182-- 274.. 345.. 527.- 716-. 907.. 1,402 7.96 3. .37 2.93 2.04 1.13 1 3.66 5.04 5.15 4.64 4.46 4.17 3.771 32.90 33.10 33.28 3.3. 62 33.70 34.00 34.39 34.82 .34. 86 34.91 34. 95 34. 95 34.92 0---. 25-. 50... 75- -. 100.. 150- - 200 - 300- . 400.. 600-- 800- - 1,000 7. .3.30 2. 1. 1.20 2.40 4.10 5.10 .5.05 4.55 4. .35 4.05 32.90 33.11 33. 33 33.64 33. 74 34.11 34.51 34. 84 34.87 34. 93 34. 951 34. 95I 25.65 26.37 26.59 26.92 27.04 27.25 27.41 27.56 27.59 27.69 27. 73 27.76 ^*fno?n,^f ^ ^l''^ ^1- latitude 42°25.5' N., longitude 971022 ^'^^^ meters; dynamic height 82 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, station 4838; May 12; latitude 42°49.5' N., longitude 50°10' W.; depth 287 meters; dynamic height 971.100 0 .3.46 32.86 0 3.46 24 3.09 32.87 25 3.05 49 0.83 33.06 50 0.75 73 -0.05 33. 21 75 -0.15 97 -0. 43 33. 34 100_.-- -0.45 146 0.03 33. 55 150 0.10 194 1.01 33. 90 200...- 1.05 243 1.30 34.02 32.86 26.16 32.87 26.21 33.07 26.53 33.22 26.70 33.35 26.82 33.58 26.97 33.92 27.20 Station 4839; May 12; latitude 42°58' N., longitude 50°11' W.; depth 88 meters; dynamic height 9/1.099 0. 21 43 64 4.27 2.78 0.81 0.42 32.75 32.89 32. 98 33.18 0... 25.. 50.- (75). 4.27 .32.75 26.00 2.35 32.91 26.29 0.65 33.03 26.50 0.30 33.32 26.76 Station 4840; May 12; latitude 43°11.5' N., longitude 50° 17' W.; depth 68 meters; dynamic height 971.121 Station 4841; June 4; latitude 47°14' N., longitude 49° 12' W.; depth 88 meters; dynamic height 971.071 0 6.70 32.70 0 6.70 32. 70 25. 67 26 2.83 32.70 25 2.90 32.70 26.08 52 1.78 .32. 71 50 1.85 32.71 26.17 73 -0.46 33. 04 75 -0.55 33.07 26.59 Station 4842: June 4; latitude 47°20.5' N., longitude 48°46' W.; depth 123 meters; dynamic lieight 971.061 0 6.81 32.58 0 6.81i 32.58 25.56 25 1.79 32.67 25 1.79 32.67 26.14 51 -0.70 32.90 50 -0.70 32.90 26.46 76 -0.98 33.19 75 -1.00 33.18 26.70 102 -0.51 33.39 100-.. . -0.55 33.38 26.84 Observed values Tem- Depth, pera- meters ture, ° C Station 4843; June 4; latitude 47°27' N., longitude 48°23' W.; depth 165 meters; dynamic height 971.069 0 7.45 32.68 0 7.45 32.68 25.56 25 2.63 32. 69 25 2.63 32.69 26.09 51 -0.14 32. 72 50 -0.10 32.72 26.29 76 -0.85 33.14 75 -0.85 33.11 26.63 101 -0.37 33.34 100.... -0.40 33.33 26.80 152 0.35 33.68 150...- 0.35 33. 67 27.04 Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7o, Station 4844; June 4; latitude 47°32.5' N., longitude 48°04' W.; depth 212 meters; dynamic height 971.057 0 7.34 32.56 0 7.34 32.56 25.47 25 1.21 32.70 25 1.21 32. 70 26.21 50 -1.01 33.10 50 -1.01 33.10 26.63 75 -1.39 33. 24 75 -1.39 33. 24 26. 76 100 -1.39 33.36 100.--. -1.39 33.36 26. 85 151 -0.43 33.57 150.... -0.45 33.57 27.00 201 1.09 33.90 200-.-. 1.05 33.89 27.17 Station 4845; June 4; latitude 47°40' N., longitude 47°35' W.; depth 315 meters; dynamic height 971.013 0 7.46 32.73 0 7.46 1 32.73 25 3.00 33.21 25 3.00 33.21 50 0.45 33.24 50 0.45 33.24 76 -0.72 33.38 75 -0.70 33.38 101 -0.27 33.58 100-.. . -0.30 33.57 151 0.89 33.94 150---- 0.85 33.93 202 1.63 34.20 200.-.- 1.60 34.19 303 2.75 34.58 300.-.- 2.70 34.57 1 25.60 26.49 26.70 26.85 26.99 27.21 27.37 27.59 Station 4846; June 4; latitude 47°45' N., longitude 46°55' N.; depth 695 meters; dynamic height 970.950 0... 25-. 50.. 75.. 100. 150. 201. 301 398 595 663 7.29 0.72 -0.01 0.75 1.14 1.77 2.26 3.10 3.41 3.52 3.55 32.62 33.41 33.64 33. 92 34.05 34.32 34.46 34.66 34.78 34.85 7.29 32.62 25.53 0.72 33.41 26.81 -0 01 33.64 27.03 0.75 33.92 27.22 1 14 34.05 27.29 1.77 34.32 27.47 2 25 34.46 27.54 3.10 34.66 27.63 3 40 34.78 27.69 3.55 34.85 27.73 Station 4847; June 5; latitude 47°58.5' N., longitude 46°22' W.; depth 1,188 meters; dynamic height 970.905 0 9.20 33.61 1 0 9. 20 33. 61 24 4.73 34.18 25 4.65 34.18 48 3.23 34.28 50 3.05 34.28 71 1.54 34.26 75 1.55 34.27 95 2.06 34.37 100.... 2.15 34.39 143 2.47 34.52 150...- 2.50 34.54 191 2.79 34.64 200-.-. 2.80 34.65 286 3.15 34.73 300---- 3.20 34.74 378 3.41 34.79 400---- 3.45 34.79 568 3.59 34.82 600-..- 3.551 34.82 761 3.48 34.86 800---- 3.50 34.86 964 3.44 34.87 (1.000) 3.45 34.87 26.02 27.08 27.32 27.44 27.49 27.58 27.64 27.68 27.69 27.71 27.75 27.76 83 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo station 4848; Jime 5; latitude 47°53.5' N., longitude 46°10' W.; depth 1,051 meters; dynamic height 970.906 24-- 47.- 71.- 94.- 141. 189- 283- 364. 552. 746. 945. 9.97 33.71 0 9.97 33.71 5.86 34.01 25 5.60 34.02 2.75 34.14 50 2.80 34.17 3.02 34.32 75 3.00 34. 33 2.73 34.40 100.--- 2.80 34.42 3.01 34.59 150.... 3.05 34.61 3.30 34.68 200-.-- 3.35 34.70 3.58 34.81 300..-- 3.60 34.81 3.64 34.82 400---. 3.60 34.82 3.56 34.84 600..-. 3.55 34.85 3.54 34.86 800 3.50 34.86 3.37 34. 845 (1,000)- 3.35 34.85 25.98 26.85 27.27 27.37 27.46 27.59 27.63 27.70 27.71 27.73 27.75 27.75 Station 4849; June 5; latitude 47°45.5' N., longitude 45°.53' W.; depth 425 meters; dynamic height 970.957 0-- 24- 47.. 71- 94- 141 189 283 385, 11.05 33.74 0 11.05 33. 74 8.10 33.86 25 8.05 33.86 6.04 33.90 50 5.75 33.91 3.87 33.98 75 3.85 34.02 4.11 34.28 100.--- 4.20 34.34 4.27 34.58 150.-.- 4.25 34. 61 1 3.99 34.68 200---- 3.95 34. 70 ' 3.87 34.81 300 3.85 34.82 3.79 34.86 400---- 3.80 34.86 25.81 26.39 26.75 27.05 27.26 27.47 27.57 27.68 27.72 Station 4850; Jime 5; latitude 47°41.5' N., longitude 45°44' W.; depth 304 meters; dynamic height 970.967 0 24 49 73 97 146...- 194.... 291 10.88 33.70 0 10.88 33.70 7.64 33.85 25 7.55 33.85 5.10 33.81 60 5.10 33.81 4.86 34.00 75 4.80 34.01 4.66 34.31 100.... 4.70 34.33 4.31 34.54 150-..- 4.30 34.55 4.42 34.70 200... . 4.40 34.71 3.98 34.83 300.-.- 3.95 34.84 25.81 26. 46 26.75 26.94 27.19 27.42 27.53 Station 4851; June 5; latitude 47°28.5' N., longitude 45°14' W.; depth 224 meters; dynamic height 970.965 0 25 50 75 100 150 200 10.88 33.73 6.30 33.72 5. 54 1 33. 78 4.051 33.89 3. 75' 34. 20 3.78; 34.48 3.95 34.70 0 25 50 75 100.... 150.... 200-.-- 10.88 6.30 5.54 4.05 3.75 3.78 3.95 33.73 33.72 33. 78 33.89 34.20 34.48 34.70 25.83 26. 53 26.66 26.91 27.19 27.41 27.57 Station 4852; June 5; latitude 47°23.5' N., longitude 45°04' W.; depth 198 meters; dynamic height 970.981 0 25 51 76 102 153 11.15 6.65 6.04 4.35 3.54 3.84 33.60 33.71 33.73 33.80 33.96 34.39 0 25 50 75 100.--. 150-.-. 11.15 6.65 6.05 4.40 3.55 3.80 33.66 33.71 33.73 33.80 33.95 34.37 25.72 26.48 26.56 26.81 27.02 27.33 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oc Station 4853; June 5; latitude 47°23.5' N., longitude 45°12' W.; depth 224 meters; dynamic height 970.962 0-- 24- 49-, 73. 98. 146 195 10.64 33.65 0 10.64 33.65 6.29 33.72 25 6.20 33.72 5.22 33.76 50 5.20 33.76 4.37 33.98 75 4.35 34.00 4.01 34.20 100---- 4.00 34.22 3.86 34.48 150-.-- 3.85 34.50 3.94 34.67 200 3.95 34.69 25.81 26.54 26.70 26.97 27.19 27.42 27.56 Station 4854; June 5; latitude 47°24' N., longitude 45°37' W.; depth 261 meters; dynamic height 970.970 0-- 25. 51- 76- 102 152 203 254 11.42 33.67 0 11.42 33.67 fi. 68 33.77 25 6.68 33.77 6.29 33.81 50 6.30 33.81 4.30 33.92 75 4.30 33.91 4.07 34.20 100- - - . 4.10 34.17 3.87 34.52 150---. 3.85 34.51 4.08 34.71 200-.-- 4.05 34.70 4.00 34.80 25.68 26.52 26.60 26. 91 27.14 27.43 27.56 Station 4855; June 5; latitude 47°23' N., longitude 45°57' W., depth 318 meters; dynamic height 970.969 0.- 24. 49. 73- 98- 147 195 293 11.56 33.78 0..-.. 11.56 33. 78 7.23 33.82 25 7.15 33.82 5.90 33.82 50 5.85 33.82 5.12 33.93 75 5.10 33.95 5.02 34.29 100---- 5.00 34.30 4.40 34.55 150.--. 4.35 34.56 3.87 34.66 200---- 3.85 34.67 3.90 34.83 300---- 3.90 34.84 25.75 26.49 26.67 26.86 27.14 27.42 27.56 27.69 Station 4856; June 5; latitude 47°23' N., longitude 46°19' W.; depth 644 meters; dynamic height 970.952 0.- 25- 50- 74- 99. 149 198 297 333 527 10.87 33.62 0. 10.87 33.62 8.90 33.92 25 8.90 33.92 2.93 33.74 50 2.93 33.74 1.95 33.77 75 1.95 33.78 2.86 34.35 100 2.85 34.35 2.68 34.44 150--.. 2.70 34.44 2.76 34.56 200.... 2.80 34. 57 3.66 34.79 300.-.. 3.70 34.79 3.68 34.81 400.... 3.65 34.84 3.63 34.88 (600)-.. 3.60 34. 88; 25.75 26.31 26.90 27.01 27.40 27.48 27.58 27.67 27.71 27.75 Station 4857; June 5; latitude 47°23' N., longitude 46°32' W.; depth 1,097 meters; dynamic height 970.931 0 25 50 75 100.--- 150---. 200 ... 300--.. 389 -.. 581 776---- 972.-.- 10.23 33.55 0 10.23 33. 55 3.13 33.44 25 3.13 33.44 3.51 33.94 50 3.51 33.94 2.48 34.16 75 2.48 34.16 2.78 34,37 100 2.78 34.37 2.67 34.50 150-..- 2.67 34.50 2.98 34. 65 200..-. 2.98 34. 65 3.41 34.77 300.... 3.41 34.77 3.52 34.82 400.... 3.50 34.82 3.56 34. 83 600..-. 3.55 34.84 3.56 34.86 800.... 3.55 34.86 3.51 34.86 (1,000) . 3.50 34.86 25, 80 26.65 27.01 27.28 27.42 27.54 27.63 27.69 27.72 27.72 27.74 27.75 84 Tofc/e of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo Station 4858; June 5; latitude 47°15' N., longitude 47''18' W.; depth 624 meters; dynamic height 970.960 0 6.96 32.95 0 6.96 32.95 25.84 25 0.95 33.22 25 0.95 33.22 26.64 50 -0.33 33.59 50 -0.33 33.59 27.00 75 . — 0.06 33.76 75 0.06 33.76 27.13 100 0.66 33.94 100--.. 0.66 33.94 27.23 150 1.44 34.26 150-.-- 1.44 34.26 27.44 200 2.04 34.44 200--.- 2.04 34.44 27. 54 300 2.75 34.62 300 2.75 34.62 27.03 334 2.90 34.68 400..-. 3.20 34.76 27.70 497 3.49 34.82 (600)... 3.55 34.84 27.72 Station 4859; June 5; latitude 47°12.5' N., longitude 47°25' W.; depth 329 meters; dynamic height 970.982 0... 24.. 49.. 73.. 97- 146 194 291 7.09 0.79 -0.21 -0.37 0.54 1.27 1.92 2 32.76 33.14 33.44 33.59 33.87 34.14 34.34 34.57 0... 25- 50.. 75.. 100. 150. 200. (300) 7.09 0.70 -0.20 -0.35 0.60 1.30 1.95 2.65 32.76 33.16 33.44 33.61 33.89 34.16 34.36 34.58 25.67 26.60 26.88 27.02 27.19 27.37 27.49 27.60 Station 4860; June 6; latitude 47°07' N., longitude 47°36' W.; depth 220 meters; dynamic height 971.026 32.56 33.03 33.14 33.26 33.35 33.61 33.97 0 25 50 75 100 150.... (200)--- 6.88 0.C5 -0.55 -0.90 -1.15 0.25 2.25 32.56 33.05 33. 17 33.30 33.42 33.80 34.21 25. 53 26.52 26.67 26.79 26.91 27.15 27.34 Station 4861; June 6; latitude 47°02' N., longitude 47047/ ^ . depth 174 meters; dynamic height 971.049 0 6.38 25. 1.94 50 1.61 75 -1.08 99 -1.10 150 0.27 32.65 0_ 6.38 32.65 32.71 25 1.94 32.71 32.88 50 1.61 32.88 33.24 75 -1.08 33.24 33.36 100.... -1.10 33.36 33.75 150 0.25 33.75 25.68 26.16 26.33 26.75 26.84 27.11 Station 4862; June 6; latitude 46°52.6' N., longitude 48°09' VV.; depth 115 meters; dynamic height 971.052 0 6.18 25 3.06 50 0.43 74 -0.76 99 -0.64 32.67 32.76 32.90 33.15 33.36 0... 25-. 50. 75. 100 6.18 3.06 0.43 -0.75 -0.65 32.67 32.76 32.90 33. 15 33.36 26.71 26.12 26.41 26.66 26.83 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7,0 Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, " C Salin- ity, 7oo Station 4863; June 6; latitude 46°48.5' N., longitude 48°41' VV.; depth 88 meters; dynamic height 971.059 0.. 6.47 32.69 0 6.47 32.69 25.69 26 3.34 32.73 25 3.40 32.73 26.06 51 1.10 32.78 50 1.15 32.78 26.28 77 -0.30 33.17 75 -0.25 33.14 26.64 Station 4864; June 6; latitude 46°48.5' N., longitude 48°06' W.; depth 110 meters; dynamic height 971.049 0 4.48 32.67 0 4.48 32.67 25.90 25 3.56 32.79 25 3.56 32.79 26.10 50 1.07 32.87 50 1.07 32.87 26.35 74 -0.67 33.26 75 -0.70 33.27 26.76 99 -0.26 33.46 100 -0.25 33.47 26.91 Station 4865; June 6; latitude 46°50' N., longitude 47°38' W.; depth 169 meters; dynamic height 971.052 . 25.62 26.12 26.43 26.69 26.91 27.12 0 6.66 32.62 6.66 32.62 25 2.62 32.72 25 2.62 32.72 50 -0.24 50 -0.24 32.89 75. -0.69 33.18 75 -0.69 33.18 100 -0.31 33.48 100... . -0.31 33.48 150 0.71 33.80 150 0.71 33.80 Station 4866; June 6; latitude 46°49' N., longitude 47°20' W.; depth 320 meters; dynamic height 971.010 0 6.46 32.64 0 6.46 32.64 25.66 24 1.70 33.11 25 1.60 33.12 26.52 47 -0.02 33. 20 50 -0.20 33.21 26.70 71 -0.99 33.42 75 -0.95 33.45 26.92 94 -0.20 33.66 100.... 0.00 33.70 27.08 141 1.11 33.99 150 1.20 34.02 27.27 188 1.36 34.12 200.... 1.50 34.17 27. 37 282 2.62 34.58 (300)..- 2.85 34.58 27.58 Station 4867; June 6; latitude 46°48.5' N., longitude 47°12' W.; depth 778 meters; dynamic height 970.975 0 6.80 32.78 0...- 6.80 32.78 23 1.76 33.20 25 1.60 33.21 45. 0.49 33.33 50 0.30 33.36 68 -0.13 33.59 75 -0.05 33.05 90- 0.29 33.82 100 0.45 33.89 135 1.03 34.09 150---- 1.25 34.18 181 1.68 34.30 200---. 1.85 34.35 271 2.54 34.52 300..-- 2.80 34.59 341 3.11 34.69 400 3.40 34.77 532 3.60 34.85 (600)--. 3.60 34.86 25.72 26.60 26,79 27.04 27.20 27.38 27.48 27.59 27.69 27.74 85 Tahle of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters ture, I ly ' ° C I '«° Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo station 4868; June 6; latitude 46°48' N., longitude 46°59' W.; depth 1,207 meters; dynamic height 970.926 0_... 23... 46. - 69... 91... 137.. 184_. 275. . 294.. 478- 687.. 891- _ 7.65 33.07 0 1.55 33.51 25 1.71 33. 85 50 1.88 34.07 75 1.52 34.12 100 1.71 34.30 150... _ 2.54 34.49 200.... 3.20 34.70 300.. _. 3.21 34.74 400 3.55 34. 85 600.... 3.58 34.87 800.... 3.50 34.87 (1.000) _ 7.65 1.55 1.75 1.80 1.55 1.95 2.80 3.20 3.40 3.55 3.55 3.45 33. 07 33.53' 3.3.89, 34.08! 34.15' 34.35i 34.53' 34. 74; 34. 82; 34. 87 i 34.871 34.87, 25.83 26.85 27.12 27.27 27.34 27.48 27.54 27.68 27.73 27.75 27. 75 27.76 Station 4869; June 6; latitude 46°48' N., longitude 46°36' W.; depth 595 meters; dynamic height 0.- 28. 54. 82. 109 164 218. 327 387. 540. 8.91 33.47 0 8.91 8.13 33.90 25 8.25 4.58 34.10 50 5.151 4.15 34.31 75 4.251 3.88 34.45 100 3.95 3.87 34.67 150.... .3.90 3.55 34.74 200.... 3.60 3.74 34.84 300.... 3.70 3.71 34. 86 400-.-. 3.70 3.72 34.86 33.47 33. 85 34.07 34.26 25.96 26. 35 26.95 27.19 34.41 27.35 34.62 27.52 34.72' 27.63 34.82. 27.70 34.801 27.73 Station 4870; June 6; latitude 46°48' N., longitude 46°15' W.; depth 333 meters; dynamic height 970.930 0.... 24... 48... 73... 97... 146.. 194.. 291.. 10.42 33.71 25.90 7.00! 3.3.75, 26.46 3.50: 33.91] 26.99 2.85, 34.16, 27.25 2. 55| 34.30, 27.39 3.45 34. 61 1 27. .55 3.90 34.781 27.64 3.901 34.88 27.72 Station 4871; June 7; latitude 46°48.5' N., longitude 45°48' W.; depth 267 meters; dynamic height 970.974 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- o 1 • ture, I "^ • ° C 7„ station 4872; June 7; latitude 46°48' N., longitude 45°29' W.; depth 231 meters; dynamic height 970.969 0 ... 25... 50-.- 76... 101.- 151-. 201.- 10.28[ 33.66 6.62! 33.72 5.22' 33.76 4.28' 33.85 4. 16 34. 15 3.87! 34.47 3.93; 34.68 0... 25-. 50.. 75-. 100. 150. 200- 10.28 6.62 5.22 4.35 4.15 3.90 3.95 33.66 25.88 33.72' 26.49 33.76; 26.70 33.84 .34. 14; 34. 47 1 34. 671 26.84 27.11 27.40 27.55 station 4873; June 7; latitude 46°48' N., longitude 45°08' W.; depth 172 meters; djTiamic height 970.967 0 9.76 33.69 0 26 6.32 33.71 2.5 52 5.48 33. 74 ' 50 78 3.85 33.92 75.-.-. 104 3.47 .34. 14 100.-.- 157 3.71 34.38 150.... 9.76, 33.69 6.401 33.71 5.60, 33.74 4.00, 33.90 3.50J 34.11 3.65| 34.35 25.99 26.58 26.63 26.93 27.15 27.32 Station 4874; June 7; latitude 46°48' N., longitude 44°51' W.; depth 133 meters; dynamic height 970.965 0--. 25.. 50.. 74- 10.54 6.32 4.60 3.33 3.48 33.69 33.72 33.76 33. 94 34.15 0-... 25... 50... 75... 100.. 10.54 6.32 4.60 3.30 3.50 33.69 33.72 33. 76 33.94 34.16 25.86 26.53 26.76 27.03 27.19 Station 4875; June 7; latitude 46°40.5' N., longitude 44°48' W.; depth 181 meters; dynamic height 970.971 0 24 48.... 71.... 95.... 143..- 10.51 6.33 5.60 3.52 3.44 3.46 33.67 33.74 33.79 33.94 34. 05 34.40 0 25 50 75 100.-.. (150)--. 10.51 6.30 5.45 3.50 3.45 3.45 33.67 33.74 33.79 33.96 34.08 34.47 25. 85 26.54 26. 69 27.03 27.13 27.44 Station 4876; June 7; latitude 46°37' N., longitude 44°47' W.; depth 224 meters; dynamic height 970.955 0 25-... 51-... 76 101-.- 151... 202-.- 10.68 33.76 0 10.68 1 33.76 6.81 3.3.74 25 6.81 33.74 5.13 33.99 50 5.20 33.99 3. 72: 34, 11 75 3.75 34. 11 3.91 34.40 100.... 3.90 34.39 3.42 34.60 150.... 3.40 34.59 3.80 34.74 200-..- 3.80 34.73 25.88 26.48 26.87 27.13 27.33 27.54 27.61 86 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture. ° C Salin- ity. 7c o Station 4877; June 7; latitude 46°30' N., longitude 44°43' W.; depth 626 meters; dynamic height 970.965 0 11.02 33.92 0 11.02' 33.92 25.96 19 33.92 34.07 25 50 8.85! 33.94 6.70! 34.12 26.33 39 7.2i 26.79 58 6.13 34.15 75 3.65 34.16 27.18 78 3.59 34.16 100.... 3.751 34.29 27.27 116 3.88 34.40 150...- 3.20' 34.48 27.47 155 3.20 34.50 200..-. 3.60 34.67 27.59 233 3.80 34.77 1 300__-. 3.9O1 34.84 27.69 360 3.97 34.86 400. _-. 3.9.5; .34.86 27.70 632 3.94 34.86 (600)... 3.95 34.86 27.70 Station 4878; June 7; latitude 46°23' N., longitude 44°41' W.; depth 1,701 meters: dynamic lieight 970.989 0 1 1 12.55i 34.16 0 1 1 12.55i 34.16 25.85 27 9.711 34.30 25 9.90| 34.29 26.43 53 8.101 34.32 50 8.30: 34.32 26.72 80 5.46 34.17 75 5.75j 34.18 26.95 106 4.91 34.29 100--.. 5.00! 34.28 27.12 161 3.64 34.38 150.... 3.75| 34.36 27.32 214 4.06 34.62 200 4.05 34.57. 27.46 320 3.67 34.75 300---- 3.75, 34.72 27.61 338 3.88 34.82 400 3.85 34.84 27.69 613 3.66 600-.. . 3.6O: 34.86 27.74 692 3.53 34.87 800.... 3.50' 34.88; 27.76 880 3.51 34.88 1,000.. 3.50 34.88' 27.76 1,373... 3.43 34.88 1 Station 4879; June 7; latitude 46°03' N., longitude 44°41' VV.; depth 3,475 meters; dynamic height 971.091 0 13.06 34.25 0 13.06 34.25 25.82 28 13.17 35.11 25 13.15 35.04 26.41 57 12.65 35.34 50 12.75 35. 29 26.69 85 12.53 35.43 75 12.55 35.41 26.82 112 10.96 35. 17 100.... 11.75 35.30 26.89 169 8.53 34.94 150.... 9.20 34.98 27.09 226 8.50 35.07 200.... 8.50 35.02 27.23 338 5.99 34.90 300...- 6.80 34.94 27.42 446 5.23 34.96 400---. 5.50 34.94 27.59 670 4.37 34.92 600 4.60 34.94 27.69 895 3.74 34.89 800---. 3.95 34.89 27.72 1,120... 3.60 34.89 1,000.. 3.65 34.89 27.75 1,682... 3.42 34. 895 Station 4880; June 7; latitude 46°08.5' N., longitude 45°24' W.; depth 2,487 meters; dynamic height 971.043 0 25 49 74 98 148... 196... . 294.... 375-..- 563-... 754---- 951---. 1,458.. 10.90 33.84 0 10.90 33.84 10.59 34.20 25 10.59 34.20 8.92 34.64 50 8.95 34.64 9.08 34.80 75 9.05 34.80 7.52 34.63 100 7.55 34.63 7.75 34.85 150--.. 7.75 34.85 6.22 34.78 200.--. 6.20 34.78 5.75 34.93 300-.. . 5.70 34.93 4.77 34.86 400---. 4.70 34.86 4.47 34.92 600.--. 4.35 34.91 3.89 34.87 800--.- 3.85 34.87 3.75 34.88 1,000-- 3.70 34.88 3,39 34.84 25.91 26.24 26.86 26.97 27.06 27.21 27.37 27.55 27.62 27.70 27.72 27.74 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture. ° C Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity. 7oo Station 4881; June 7-8: latitude 46°11' N., longitude 46°09' W.; depth 1,371 meters; dynamic height 970.983 0 26 51 78 103 155 206 309 341 525 720 914 1,181.-- 9.59 7.54 1.33 2.67 1.90 2 27 3^71 3.99 33.76 33.92 33.82 33.71 34. 15 34.28 34.44 34.75 34.82 4.34; 34.96 4.00i 34.92 3.57; 34.88 3.47J 34.87 0-.-- 25--- 50--- 75-.- 100-- 150.- 200-- 300-- 400-- 600.- 800- - 1,000 9.79 9.60 7.60 1.35 2.65 1.95 2.20 3. 6OI 4.20 4.25 3.80 3.50 33.76 33.92 33.82 33.72 26.04 26.20 26.42 27.02 34. 12] 27. 24 34.26' 27.41 34.421 27.52 34. 73; 27. 63 34.901 34. 95i 34.901 27.75 34.88; 27.76 Station 4882; June 8: latitude 46°14' N., longitude 46°45' W.; depth 932 meters; dvnamic height 970.969 0 8.87 33.42 0 8.87 33.42 25.93 24 7.62 33.57 25 7.55 33.57 26.24 50 2.49 33.64 50 2.50 33.64 26. 86 74 1.35 33.85 75 1.35 33.85 27.12 100 1.84 34.14 100..-- 1.85 34.15 27.32 149 2.17 34.35 150---. 2.15 34. 35 27.46 198 2.57 34.48 200.--- 2.60 34.48 27.52 298 4.42 34.84 300..-- 4.40 34.84 27.63 373 4.05 34.85 400..-- 4.00 34.85 27.69 567 3.86 34.88 600-..- 3.85 34.88 27.72 776 3.68 34.90 (800)--- 3.65 34.90 27.76 Station 4883: June 8; latitude 46°15' N., longitude 47°29' W.; depth 535 meters; dynamic height 971.002 0 6.28 32.64 0 6.28 32.64 25.68 26 2.09 33.09 25 2.15 33,08 26.45 53 -1.17 33.33 50 -1.10 33,30 26.79 79 -0.50 33.61 75 -0.65 33.57 27.01 106 0.16 33.80 100.-.- 0.00 33.76 27.13 157 1.40 34.08 150..-- 1.30 34.04 27.27 210 1.69 34,24 200..-- 1.65 34.21 27.39 316 2.63 34.58 300...- 2.45 34.54 27. 58 400 3.12 34.71 400...- 3.10 34.71 27.67 489 3.38 34.80 Station 4884; June 8; latitude 46°14' N., longitude 47°51' W.; depth 169 meters; d>^^amic height 971.052 0 5.76 32.67 0 5.76 32.67 25.77 23 2.46 32.70 26 2.25 32.71 26.14 46 0.00 33.10 50 -0.35 33,12 26.62 68 -1.22 33.24 75 -1.25 33.27 26.78 91 -1.25 33.34 100.-.. -1.15 33.39 26.88 137 0.07 33.67 (150)... 0.55 33.79 27.12 87 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7„„ station 4886; June 8; latitude 46°14.5' N., longitude 48°04' W.; depth 115 meters; dynamic height 971.055 0-. 25. 50- 76. 101 5.97 32.68 0. 5.97 32.68 2.04 32.80 26 2.04 32.80 -0.59 33.06 50 -0.59 33.06 -0.89 33.26 75 -0.90 33.26 -0.54 33.37 100.-.. -0.55 33.37 26.76 26.24 26.58 26.76 26.83 Station 4886; June 8; latitude 46°16' N., longitude 48°32' W.; depth 93 meters; dynamic height 971.071 0 5.98 32.68 0 28 4.83 32.72 25 55 0.00 32.92 50 82 -0.32 33.27 75 6.98 5.00 0.66 -0.30 32.68 32.72 32.86 33.18 25.76 26.89 26.37 26.67 Station 4887; June 8; latitude 46°17' N., longitude 48°57' W.; depth 69 meters; dynamic height 971.075 0- 25 50 6.16 32.66 0- 6.16 3.86 32.64 25 3.86 2.24 32.74 50 2.24 32.66 25.71 32.64 25.95 32.74 26.17 Station 4888; June 8; latitude 46°07.5' N., longitude 48°40' W.: depth 80 meters; dynamic height 971.080 0 25 51 76 6.20 32.68 5. 551 32. 69 2. 08 1 32.80 -0. 14 33. 02 0. 25 50 75 6.20 5.55 2.10 -0.15 32.68 32.69 32.79 33.01 25.72 25.80 26.22 26.54 Station 4889; June 8-9; latitude 46°01.5' N., longitude 48°29' W.; depth 84 meters; dynamic height 971.075 0. 27 54 81 5.98 32.70 0 5.98 32.70 5.97 32.73 26 5.96 32.72 0.38 32.85 50 0.80 32.93 -0.31 33.03 75 -0.25 32.98 25.76 25.79 26.42 26.51 Station 4890; June 9; latitude 45°52.5' N., longitude 48°12' W.; depth 104 meters; dynamic height 971.050 0. 25 50 75 95 6.20 2.97 -0.88 -0.81 -0.21 32.70 32.81 33.27 33.29 33.43 0 25 60 75 (100)... 6.20 2.97 -0.88 -0.81 -0.05 32.70 32.81 33.27 33. 29 33.47 25.73 26.17 26.77 26.77 26.90 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7„o Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo Station 4891; June 9; latitude 45° 45.5' N., longitude 48°00' W.; depth 176 meters; dynamic height 971.048 0.. 25. 51. 76. 101 152 5.40 0.00 -0.04 -1.48 -1.42 -0.39 32.70 32.93 33.12 33.28 33.36 33. 62 0 25 50 75 100.... 160..-. 5.40 0.00 -0.06 -1. 60 -1.40 -0.45 32.70 32.63 33.11 33.28 33.36 33.51 25.83 26.46 26.60 26.79 26.84 26.96 Station 4892; June 9; latitude 45°39' N., longitude 47°50' W.; depth 640 meters; dynamic height 971.009 ^ 0 - 24 48 72 96 144--.. 192.... 288..-. 364.... 470.... 5.78 32.62 0 5.78 1.10 33.02 25 1.05 0.78 33.09 50 0.60 -1.19 33.36 76 -1.21 -0.85 33.51 100.... -0.75 1.06 34.06 160.... 1.20 1.76 34.28 200..-. 1.80 2.35 34.48 300.... 2.46 2.83 34.62 400.--- 3.15 3.45 34.80 (600)..- 3.60 32.62 33.03 33.10 33.37! 33. 64j 34. 10 34. 30 j 34.50 34. 70 34.86: 25.72 26.49 26.56 26.86 26.98 27.33 27.45 27.55 27.65 27.74 Station 4893; June 9; latitude 45°33' N., longitude 47°40' W.; depth 1,317 meters; dynamic height 970.932 0 26 52 78. 104 155 207 311 409 613 819 1,025... 7.79 33.00 3.97 33.65 1.59 33.90 1.42 34.09 1.66 34.22 2.38 34.50 2.64 34.56 3.33 34.74 3.61 34.81 3.60 34.86 3.51 34.86 3.47 34.86 0.... 26... 50... 76... 100.. 160.. 200.. 300.. 400.- 600.. 800.. 1, 000. 7.79 4.20 1.60 1.45 1.60 2.35 2.60 3.25 3.60 3.60 3.50 3.45 33.00 33.62 33.88 34.06 34.20 34.48 34.55 34.72 34.81 34.86 34.86 34.86 25.76 26.70 27.12 27.28 27.38 27.54 27.68 27.66 27.70 27.74 27.75 27.75 Station 4894; June 9; latitude 45°20' N., longitude 47°20' W.; depth 2,377 meters; dynamic height 970.945 0 27 53 79 105.... 159..-. 211..-. 316...- 360 640 720 910 1,402.. 7.62 32.82 0 7.621 32.82 2.30 33.44 25 2.65 33.41 -0.36 33.56 50 -0.35 33.55 0.22 33.79 75 0.05 33.75 1.44 34.15 100.... 1.25 34.07 2.68 34.43 150 2.50 34.40 3.07 34.57 200.... 3.00 34.54 3.87 34.80 300.... 3.76 34.77 4.11 34.86 400 4.10 34.89 4.01 34.92 600.... 3.95 34.92 3.82 34.92 800.... 3.70 34.91 3.59 34.90 1,000-. 3.55 34.90 3.44 34.90 25.64 26.67 26.96 27.12 27.31 27.47 27.54 27.66 27.71 27.75 27.77 27.77 88 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7.0 Station 4895; June 9; latitude 45°20' N., longitude 46°40' W.; depth 2,926 meters; dynamic height 970.969 0 9.83 33.67 0 9.83 33.67 25.96 25 8.50 33.78 25 8.50 33.78 26.26 51 5.76 34.00 50 5.80 33.99 26.80 76 4.50 34.12 75 4.50 34.11 27.05 102 4.31 34.34 100 4.35 34.34 27.24 161 3.98 34.46 150.... 4.00 34.45 27.37 202 3.58 34.58 200...- 3.55 34.58 27.51 304 3.46 34.68 300.... 3.45 34.68 27.60 423 3.47 34.76 400..-- 3.45 34.75 27.66 632 3.40 34.85 600.--- 3.40 34.84 27.74 839 3.28 34.90 800.--- 3.30 34.89 27.79 1,048_.. 3.26 34. 915 1,000.. 3.25 34.91 27.81 1,566... 3.08 34.91 Station 4896; .Tune 9; latitude 45°20' N., longitude 45°57' W.; depth 3,310 meters; dynamic height 970.949 0 10.97 33. 62 0 10.97 33.62 25.74 25 7.31 33.77 25 7.31 33.77 26.43 50 4.30 33.93 50 4.30 33.93 26.92 74 2.58 34.06 75 2.55 34.06 27.20 99 2.41 34.17 100.... 2.40 34.17 27.30 149 3 73 34.58 150-..- 3.75 34.58 27.49 198 4.46 34.77 200--.. 4.45 34.77 27.58 297 4.51 34.90 300 4.50 34.90 27.67 363 4.43 34.92 400.... 4.30 34.91 27.70 544 3.70 34.88 600 3.70 34.88 27.74 725 3.83 34.92 800-.. . 3.80 34.92 27.77 914 3.73 34.91 1,000.- 3.70 34.91 27.77 1,396..- 3.57 34.92 Observed values Station 4897; June 10; latitude 45°20' N., longitude 45°15' W.; depth 3,749 meters; dynamic height 971.010 0 24 48 71 95 143 191 286 432 645 857 1,073-.. 1,614--- 11.15 33.72 0 11.15 33.72 9.65 33.94 25 9.60 33.94 7.42 33.87 50 7.25 33.87 6.08 34.28 75 5.50 34.27 1.54 33.93 100.... 1.55 33.95 3.95 34.38 150-.. . 4.20 34.43 4.78 34.64 200.... 4.85 34.68 5.15 34.88 300.... 5.15 34.90 4.88 34.97 400...- 4.95 34.96 3.89 34.89 600.... 4.00 34.90 3.81 34.89 800-.-- 3.80 34.89 3.64 34.90 1,000.. 3.70 34.89 3.50 34.91 25.78 26.21 26.51 27.06 27.18 27.33 27.46 27.60 27.67 27.73 27.74 27.75 Station 4898; June 10; latitude 44°49.5' N., longitude 45°15' W.; depth 2,560 meters; dynamic height 971.065 148.... 197 295..-- 397—- 594 789-... 1,483... 12.93 12.97 12.39 12.08 6.60 5.24 4.83 3.96 3.75 3.68 3.51 34.15 34.43 35.24 35.36 35.22 35.09 34.69 34.77 34.89 34.87 34.90 34.90 34.89 0 25... 50... 75... 100.. 150-- 200.- 300.. 400.. 600- . 800.. 1,000 12.93 12.97 12.35 12.05 10.85 9.45 6.55 5.20 4. 3.95 , 3.75 3.70 34.15 34.43 35.25 35.36 35.21 35.08 34.69 34.78 34.89 34.87 34.90 34.90 25.77 25.98 26.74 26.88 26.99 27.12 27.25 27.49 27.63 27.71 27.75 27.76 Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7o. Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7.0 Station 4899; June 10; latitude 44°25.5' N., longitude 45°28' W.; depth 4,115 meters; dynamic height 971.238 0 25 50 75- 100 150 201 301 346 511 671 849 1,311--- 16.00 35.42 0 16.00 35.42 15.99 35.42 25 15.99 35.42 16.13 35.87 50 15.13 35.87 15.01 35.72 75 15.01 35.72 14.22 35.68 100---. 14.22 35.68 13.92 35.70 150.... 13.92 35.70 13.00 35.54 200...- 13.00 35.55 9.32 35.05 300.--- 9.30 35.05 8.78 35.08 400...- 7.65 35.02 5.49 34.86 600..-- 4.95 34.91 4.68 34.94 800..-- 4.35 34.95 4.26 34. 955 1,000-- 4.O0 34.94 3.52 34.89 26.09 26.10 26.40 26.54 26.69 26.75 26.84 27.13 27.36 27.63 27.73 27.76 Station 4900; June 10, latitude 44°32' N., longitude 46°05' W.; depth 3,749 meters; dynamic height 971.178 0 15.03 35.08 0 15.03 35.08 26.04 27 16.12 35.58 25 16.10 35.56 26.17 53 15.62 35.84 50 15.70 35.83 26.46 80 14.62 35.77 75 14.80 35.78 26.63 106 13.91 35.68 100...- 14.05 35.70 26.73 160 12.71 35.51 150.... 13.00 35.55 26.84 212 10.49 35.19 200.... 11.00 35.28 27.01 318 7.69 34.94 300.... 8.00 34.95 27.26 422 6.50 34.98 400 6.70 34. 97 27.46 629 4.88 34.98 600 5.05 34.98 27.67 836 4.30 34.96 800... . 4.35 34.96 27.74 1,046... 3.98 34.94 1,000.. 4.05 34.94 27.75 1,570... 3.64 34.94 Station 4901; Jime 10; latitude 44°35.5' N., longitude 46°42' W.; depth 3,841 meters; dynamic height 971.115 0 25 50 74 100 149 199 299 378 565 751 943 1,432..- 11.49 33.68 0. 11.49 33.68 11.99 34.06 25 11.99 34.06 12.08 35.16 50 12.08 35.16 12.58 35.45 75 12.55 35.45 12.65 35.53 100---. 12.65 35.53 6.07 34.39 150.... 6.10 34.39 7.92 34.84 200 7.90 34.84 7.17 34.96 300..-. 7.15 34.96 6.29 34.97 400.... 6.00 34.96 4.21 34.86 600 4.15 34.86 4.01 34.91 800 3.95 34.91 3.75 34.90 1,000.. 3.75 34.90 3.54 34.90 25.68 25.88 26.73 26.85 26.89 27.08 27.18 27.39 27.54 27.68 27.74 27.75 Station 4902; June 10; latitude 44°43' N., longitude 47°19' W.; depth 3,749 meters; dynamic height 971.102 0--- 24... 49--. 73--. 98--- 146- - 195- . 293-- 411-. 612-- 811-- 1,014 1,526 11.92 34.05 0 11.92 34.05 13.45 34.76 25 13.45 34.80 13.82 35.68 50 13.80 35.68 13.24 35.59 75 13.20 35.58 12.82 35.54 100-... 12.75 35.53 10.69 35.20 150.... 10.30 35.21 7.00 34.66 200... . 7.00 34.66 7.19 34. 93 300 7.15 34.93 5.90 34.95 400.... 6.00 34.95 4.35 34.92 600 4.40 34.92 3.80 34.91 800—- 3.80 34.91 3.75 34.93 1,000.. 3.75 34.93 3.46 34.92 25.89 26.17 26.77 26.82 26.87 27.08 27.17 27.36 27.53 27.70 27.76 27.77 260173—54- 89 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952-Continued Observed values Scaled values Station 4903; June 10-1 1 ; latitude 44°46' N , longitude 47 56 W.; depth 3,563 meters; dynamic height 0.... 25... 50. _. 75... 99... 149.. 199.. 298.. 405.. 605.. 804.. 1,004. 1,504. 11.13 11.32 8.57 8.51 7.04 7.14 4.91 5.38 5.07 3.51 3.71 3.59! 3.34 33.76 33.95 34.33 34.72 34.56 34.71 34.48 34.78 34.87 34.77 34; 86 34. 89 34.90 0.... 25... 50... 75... 100.. 150.. 200.. 300.- 400.. 600.. 800- . 1,000 11.13 11.321 8.-57I 8.51[ 7.051 7. 15! 4.90, 5. 40 1 5.101 3.50 3.80 3. 60l 33.76 33.95 34.33 34.72 34. 56 34.71 34.48 34. 78 34.87 34.77 34.86 34.89 25.80 25.92 26. 68 27.00 27.09 27.19 27.29 27.47 27.58 27.68 27.72 27.76 Station 4904; June 11; latitude 44°50.5' N , longitude n??£!-^'-' '^^^^^ 2,633 meters; dynamic height 9/0.96/ 0.-.. 25--. 50... 75.-. 100-. 150- . 199- . 299.. 390-. 583.. 775.- 969-- 1,459. 10.37 11.13 6.35 3.88 4.34 1.47 1.98 5.01 4.83 4.26 3.82 3.61 3.47 33. 51 34.59 34.29 34.14 34.31 34. 16 34. 37 34.91 34.96 34.96 34. 905 34.92 34.90 0--.. 25--. 50... 75-.- 100-- 150- 200-- 300-- 400.- 600- . 800.- 1,000 10.37 11.13 6.35 3.88 4.34 1.47 2.00 5.00 4.80 4.20 3.75 3. 60 33. 51 34. 59 34.29 34. 14 34. 31 34.16 34. 37 34.91 34. 96 34. 96 34.91 34.92 25. 75 26.45 26.96 27. 13 27.22 27-36 27.49 27.63 27.69 27.76 27.76 27.7! Station 4905; June 11; latitude 44°53' N., longitude 970*997^'' ^^''^^ ^'^^^ meters; dynamic height 0 23 45 68 91 135-.-. 180-.. . 271-.-. 347--.. 537 739...- 933-.-. 1,412.. 10.72 10.58 7.46 4.80 4.20 3.67 4.27 5.54 5. 14 4.38 3.81 3.83 3.42 33.71 33.70 33.93 34.04 34.12 34.30 34. 57 34.96 34.98 34.95 34.'94' 34.90 Station 4906; June 11; latitude 44°55' N., longitude 49 01 W.; depth 278 meters; dynamic height 971.015 32.67 32.84 33. 18 33. 49 34.65 34.75 34.59 34.54 0 25 50 75 100.... 150 200.... 6.87 5.60 0.45 -0.05 6.85 6.15 4.15 32.67 32. 85 33.19 33.63 34.66 34.74 34.58 25.63 25.92 26.65 27.02 27.19 27.35 27.45 ^*4Qons'''w^' ■^h"M^= latitude 44°56.5' N., longitude 971022 "'^''^'■^^ dynamic height 0- 25 50 75, 6.28 3.80 0. 12 -1.04 32. 71 32.84 .33. 15 33.32 0- 25 50 75 6.28 32.71 3.80 32.84 0.12 33.15 -1.04 33.32! 25. 73 26.12 26.64 26.81 ^^^olZ*^?' ■^T^ ^^'' latitude 45°01.5' N., longitude 97104- ''^ meters; dynamic height ®'^ff!^o«' '*??,^' 'L™" "' latitude 44°13' N., longitude 971036 ^^ meters; dynamic height 0- 25 51 6.02 32.81 0 2.63 33.00 25 -0.41 33.17 50 1(75).... 6.02 2.63 -0.40 -1.00 32.81 33.00 33.16 33.36 25.85 26.35 26.66 26.83 ^*?nl??, ^?,^,°= ■'^^ ^^' latitude 44°12' N., longitude tVL.^-- ^^^^^ "^ meters; dynamic height 971.044 Station 4911; June 11; latitude 44°10.5' N., longitude 971°0^28^'' '^^^^^ ^^^ meters; dynamic height 0 20--. 39-.. 59.-- 79-.. 118-- 157- . 2:36.. 6.41 1.81 -0.32 -0.87 -0.92 -0.77 0.08 2.96 32.80 33. 04 33.15 .33. 22 33. 32 33.46 33.69 34.36 0 25-..- 50---. 75...- 100... 150... 200... (300)-. (400)-- 6.41 1.10 -0.70 -0.95 -0.90 -0.10 1.65 3.45 3.55 32.80 33.07 33.18 33.30 33.40 33.64 34. 06 34.66 34.81 25.79 26.51 26.69 26.79 26.88 27.03 27.27 27.59 27.70 Station 4912; June 11; latitude 44°09' N., longitude 49 04 W.; depth 1,371 meters; dynamic height 0-. 25- 50- 75- 100 150 199 299 378. 568. 759. 955. 6.34 2.85 0.08 -0.84 -0. 0.23 2.70 3.19 3.16 3.78 3.53 3.51 32.82 32.94 33.10 33.20 33.39 33.72 34.28 34.66 34.71 34.88 34.87 0-.- 25-. 50.. 75.. 100. 150 200. 300.... 400.... 600 800.... 1,000.. 6.34 32.82 25.82 2.85 32.94 26.28 0.08 33.10 26.59 -0.84 33.20 26.71 -0.96 33. 39 26.87 0.23 33.72 27.09 2.70 34.29 27.36 3.20 34.66 27.62 3.20 34.73 27.67 3.75 34.88 27.73 3.50 34.87 27.76 3.50 34.87 27.76 90 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ^ C Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7o„ Station 4913; June 11-12; latitude 44°07' N., longi- tude 48°57' W., depth 1,939 meters; dynamic height 971.026 0 5.90 32.67 0 5.90 32.67 25.75 25 1.82 32.66 25 1.82 32.66 26.13 50 -1.26 33.24 50 -1.26 33.24 26.75 75 -0.71 33.38 75 -0.71 33.38 26.85 99 -0.03 33.60 100..-. 0.00 33.60 27.00 149 1.27 33.96 150.-.- 1.30 33.97 27.22 199 2.22 34.27 200--.. 2.30 34.28 27.39 298 5.24 34.88 300.... 5.25 34.88 27.57 391 5.10 34.98 400-... 5.05 34.98 27.67 587 4.05 34.92 600.... 4.00 34.91 27.74 783 3.77 800.... 3.75 34.89 27.74 983 3.61 34. 87 1,000.. 3.60 34.87 27.75 1,493... 3.43 34.87 Station 4914; June 12; latitude 44°02' N., longitude 48°37' W.; depth 3,109 meters; dynamic height 971.062 0 10.38 33.42 0 10.38 33. 42 25.67 25 9.43 33.37 25 9.43 33. 37 25.80 52 4.76 33.37 50 5.05 33. 37 26.39 77 2.95 33.53 75 3.05 33.51 26.72 103 1.63 33.76 100 1.65 33.73 27.00 154 2.35 34.03 150.... 2.25 34.00 27.17 206 3.55 34.31 200-.-. 3.40 34.28 27.29 309 4.54 34.76 300.... 4.55i .34.73 27.53 388 4.55 34.92 400--.. 4.55 34.92 27.69 581 3.96 34.89 600---. 3.90 34.89 27.73 772 3.75 34.86 800.... 3.75 34.87 27.73 965 3.65 34.88 1,000.. 3.65i 34.88 27.74 1,447... 3.45 34.89 1 Station 4915; June 12; latitude 43°52' N., longitude 47°59' W.; depth 3,658 meters; dynamic height 970.983 0- 9.50 33.29 0 9.50 33.29 25.71 27 - 8.06 34. 34 25 8.25 34.28 26.69 53 3.42 33.56 50 4.10 33.63 26.71 80 2.04 33.89 75 2.10 33.82 27.04 106 2.09 34.10 100-... 2.10 34.07 27.24 160 2.26 34.27 150-.. . 2.20' 34.23 27.36 213 3.18 34.51 200.--- 2.85 34.44 27.47 319 4.43 34.84 300..-. 4.35 34.80 27.61 416 4.41 34.90 400-.. . 4.40, 34.89 27.67 617 4.25 34.95 600--.. 4.25 34.95 27,74 814 3.83 34.90 800...- 3.85 34.90 27.74 1,020... 3.65 34.93 1,000.. 3.65 34.93 27.78 1,540... 3.48 34.90 Station 4916; June 12; latitude 43°40' N., longitude 47°15' W.; depth 3,841 meters; dynamic height 971.128 0 25 50. 75 100 150 201 301 384 578 774 970 1,466... 13.84 14.57 12.84 13.64 12.90 12.18 10.31 7.85 5.43 4. 4.43 3.90 3.55 34.51 35.16 35.30 35. 62 35.50 35.49 35.27 35.04 34.81 34.97 34.98 34.93 34.92 0.... 25-.. 50... 75... 100- . 150.- 200.. 300.. 400.. 600- - 800.. 1,000 13.84 14.57 12.84 13.64 12.90 12.18 10.40 7.85 5.35 4 4.35 3.90 34.51 35.16 35.30 35.62 35.50 35.49 35.27 35.04 34.82 34.97 34.98 34.93 25.86 26.21 26.68 26.76 26.82 26.96 27.11 27.35 27.51 27.70 27.75 27.76 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Tem- Depth, pera- meters ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo Station 4917; June 12, latitude 43°29' N., longitude 46°32' W.; depth 4,115 meters; dynamic height 971.057 0- 12.22 33.40 0- 12.22 33.40 25.33 25 10.17 33.45 25 10.17 33.45 25.74 49 7.75 33.88 50 7.75 33.89 26.45 74 - 6.33 34.24 75 6.25 34.25 26.95 99 - 5.82 34.34 100-... 5.80 34.34 27.08 148 4.13 34.36 150...- 4.15 34. 37 27.29 197 5.99 34.72 200.... 6.00 34. 73 27.36 296 5.36 34.82 300-.. . 5.30 34.82 27. 52 401 4.49 34.85 400---- 4.50 34.85 27. 63 600 4.47 34.95 600-.. . 4.45 34.95 27.72 799 4.03 34.93 800--.. 4.00 34. 93 27.75 1,000... 3.77 34.92 1,000.. 3.75 34.92 27.77 1,503... 3.48 34.92 Station 4918; June 12; latitude 43°18.5' N., longi- tude 45°53' W.; depth 3,749 meters; dynamic height 971.208 0-. 13.28 33.46 0 13. 28 33.46 20 15.63 35.20 25 15.62 35.22 39 14.63 35. 26 50 14.00 35.25 59 13.45 35.24 75 13.45 35.40 79 13. 38 35.42 100.... 13. 15 35. 41 117 12.94 35.40 150.... 12.40 35.39 156 12.30 35.38 200.... 7.40 34.57 235 5.47 34.33 300.... 6.75 34.62 211 6.45 34. .36 400.... 6.35 34.82 301 6.76 34. 63 600.... 4.90 34.96 378 6.71 34.84 (800)... 4.40 34.95 456 5.09 (1,000). 3.90 34.93 622 4.85 34.97 25.16 26.02 26.40 26. 63 26.70 26.85 27. 05 27.18 27.39 27.68 27.72 27.76 Station 4919; June 12; latitude 43°10' N., longitude 45°21' W.; depth 4,663 meters; dynamic height 971.565 0 19.99 36.14 0- 19.99 36.14 25.65 26 18.87 36.32 25 18.85 36.31 26.07 52 18.65 36.40 50 18.65 36.39 26.19 78 18.13 36.38 75 18.15 36.38 26.31 104 18.01 36.40 100-.. . 18.05 36.40 26.35 154 18.05 36. 46 150---. 18.05 36.45 26.39 206 17.50 36. 39 200-.. . 17.60 36.40 26.46 310 15.80 36.09 300-.-- 16.00 36.12 26.62 389 14.18 35.84 400.... 13.95 35.81 26.84 570 10.27 35.32 600.... 9.50 35.24 27.24 744 5.68 34.95 800--.. 5.45 34.96 27.61 916 5.17 34.97 1,000.. 4.90 34.97 27.69 1,325... 3.94 34.94 Station 4920; June 13; latitude 42°50' N., longitude 45°38' W.; depth 4,627 meters; dynamic height 971.611 0 19.76 24 18.87 48 18.33 72. 18.03 96 145 17.65 193 17.54 289 16.94 347 16.61 509 663 9.16 846... 1,332- 6.47 4.52 36.36 36.32 36.36 36.39 36.45 36.41 36.41 36.32 36.27 35.74 35.18 35.04 35.02 0 25.... 50-..- 75-.-- 100... 150 ; 200....' 300..-. 400.... 600.... 800--.- 1,000-- 19.76 18.85 18.30 18.00 17.80 17.65 17.50 16.85 15.35 36.36 36.32 36. 36 36.39 36.45 36.41 36.41 36.31 36.13 10. 60 1 35.39 6.90 35.06 5. 55 1 35.02 25.89 26.09 26.26 26.36 26.45 26.46 26.50 26.57 26.78 27.17 27. 50 27.65 91 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values ; Tem-i a„,. Depth, pera- ,?/■"■ meters ture. I Iv ' °C i /- Scaled values Depth, meters ture, I -'' " C 7„ Station 4921; June 13; latitude 42°31.5' N., longitude 45°54' W.; depth 4,572 meters; dvnamic height 971.569 0 ! 19.49 36.31 25 i 18.41 36.31 51 ! 18.23 36.32 76 : 17.67 36.31 102 I 17.40 152 ! 16.92 202 304 482 720 955 1.195--. 1.805... 36.30 36.25 36.26 36.10 35.63 7.08; 35.01 5.07: 34.98 4. 56; 35. 02 3. 71 : 34. 94 16.76 15.87 12. 79 0 I 19.49 25 18.41 50 18.25 75 17.60 100.-..' 17.45 150.--- 1 16.95 200 : 16.80 300.-.. 1.5.95 400 14.30 600 I 10.05 800. . . . ■ 6. 00 1.000..; 4.90 36.31 36.31 36.32 36.31 36.30 36.25 25.91 26.19 26.24 26.39 26.42 26.50 36.26! 26.54 36.11 35. 87 35.28 34.99 34.99 26.63 26.81 27.18 27. 56 27.70 Station 4922; June 13; latitude 42°48' N., longitude 46°48' W.; depth 3,749 meters; dynamic height 971.039 0 25...- 50.--- 75-.-- 101... 151... 201... 302... 411-.. 617... 822... 1.028. 11.89; 33.43 10. 20i 34.39 12. 85 i 35. 46 11.11 35.19 8.86' 34.90 8. 15: 34.94 6.161 34.69 5.32 34.83 5. 20 34. 96 4.361 34.95 3. 95| 34.93 3. 77 34. 93 0...-.- 25 50 75 100...- 150. . . . 200.--- 300. .. . 400. .. . 600. - - - 800. .. - 1.000.. 11.89 10.20 12.85 11.11 8.90 8.15 6.20 .5.30 5.20 4.40 33.43 34.39 35. 46 35.19 34.91 34.94 34.69 34.82 34.96 34.95 3.95 34.93 3.75 34.93 25.42 26.46 26.80 26.92 27.08 27.22 27.30 27. 52 27.64 27.72 27.75 27.77 Station 4923; June 13; latitude 42°59' N., longitude 47°29' W.; depth 3,658 meters; dynamic height 971.016 0 25 50 75 100.--. 150 201 301-.-- 405-.-. 60i9.--- 815 1,020:. 1.536.. 12.88 9.71 4.92 6.45 5.26 5.69 4.67 4.01 3.22 4.46 4.11 3.79 3.47 33.84 33.54 33.99 34.44 34.37 34.64 34.61 34.68 34.70 34.98 34.95 34.93 34.92 0-.-. 25... 50... 75... 100- . 150- . 200.. 300.- 400.. 600.. 800.. 1,000 12.88 9.71 4.92 6.45 5.26 5.69 4.70 4.00 3.20 4.40 4.15 3.80 33.84 25.53 33. 54i 25.88 33.99] 26.91 34.44 27.07 34. 37 1 27.16 34.641 27.32 34.611 27.42 34.68] 27.55 34.70 27.65 34.98 34.95 34.93 27.74 27.75 27.77 Station 4924; June 13; latitude 43°09.5' N., longitude 48°10' W.; depth 3,658 meters; dynamic height 970.971 0.-.. 25--. 49... 74--- 98--. 148.. 197-- 295-- 376- 573.- 775-- 973-. 1,475 9. 731 33.20 8. 29' 33. 27 4. 01 i 33. 64 3.60] 34.06 2.32} 34.17 2. 20 34. 36 3. 87 1 34. 67 3. 68 1 34. 76 *4. 29 34.88 4.08! 34.92 3. 71 1 34. 91 3. 58 1 34. 90 3. 47t 34.92 0.... 25... 50... 75.-. 100.. 150.. 200.. 300.. 400.. 600.. 800.. 1,000 9.73 8.29 4.00 3.50 2.30 2.20 3.90 3.70 4.30 4.00 3.65 3.55 33.20 33.27 33.67 34.06 34.17 34.37 34.67 34.76 34.90 34.92 34.91 34.90 25.61 25.88 26.76 27.11 27.31 27.48 27.56 27.65 27.69 27. 75 27.77 27.77 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7<>o Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, " C Salin- ity, 7oo Station 4925; June 14; latitude 43°20' N., longitude 48°50' W.; depth 2,560 meters; dynamic height 970.985 0 25- . . . 49.--. 74.... 99.... 148--- 197... 296- - . 397- - . 600--. 808... 1,012- 1.528- 10.66 33.41 0- 10.66 33.41 10.50 33.41 25 10. ,50 33.41 4.36 33.64 50 4.25 33.65 1.74 33.84 75 1.75 33.85 2.79 34.22 100---- 2.80 34.23 3.77 34.59 150.... 3.80 34.60 4.34 34.75 200.... 4.35 34.76 4.62 34.88 300- - . . 4.65 34.88 •4.48 34.92 400- - - - 4.45 34.92 4.08 34.92 600- - - . 4.05 34.92 3.80 34,90 800. - . . 3.80 34.90 3.55 34.88 1.000-. 3.55 34.88 3.42 34.88 25.62 25.65 26.71 27.09 27.31 27.51 27.58 27.64 27.70 27.74 27.75 27.75 Station 4926; June 14; latitude 42°39' N., longitude 49°07' W.; depth 2,377 meters: dynamic height 970.939 0..-. 25... 50... 75. . . 100- - 150.. 201.. 301 -- 399 . 600.. 804.. 1,011 1.533 9.71 5.17 2.61 1.99 3.06 2.62 ;i. 19 3,95 3.81 4.00 3.76 3.61 3.44 33.29 33. 38 33.83 34.06 34.30 34.44 34.62 34.82 34.85 34,94 34,93 34.92 34.92 0 25-... 50. . . . 75. . . . 100-.- 150-.. 200- - 300-.. 400... 600... 800... 1,000. 9.71 5.17 2.61 1.99 3.06 2.62 3.20 3.95 3.85 4.00 3.75 3.60 33.29 33.38 33.83 34.06 34.30 34.44 25.68 26.39 27.00 27.24 27.34 27.49 34.621 27.59 34. 82; 27. 67 34.85! 27.70 34, 94j 27,76 34,93 27,77 34, 92 1 27, 79 Station 4927; June 14; latitude 42°20.5' N., longitude 48°31' W.; depth 3,292 meters; dynamic height 971.007 0...- 25--- 50 .. 75... 100.. 150- . 199- - 299-- 401 -. 605.. 810- - 1,012 1,516 10.381 33.03 0 10.38 33.03 4. 18! 33. 24 25 4.18 33. 24 1 0.43 33.23 50 0.43 33.23] -0.23 33.47 75 -0.23 33. 47i 0.55 33.77 100---. 0.55 33. 771 3.06 34.25 150... 3.06 34. 25 1 2.31 34.33 200.... 2.30 34.33 3.86 34.69 300.... 3.85 34.70 4.83 34.94 400 4.85 34.94 3.96 600.... 3.95 34.93 3.87 34.93 800... 3.85 34.93 3.55 34.88 1,000.. 3.55 34.89 3.29 34.88 25.37 26.39 26.68 26.91 27.11 27.30 27.43 27.58 27.66 27.75 27.76 27.76 Station 4928; June 14; latitude 41°56.5' N., longitude 47°50' W.; depth 3,704 meters; dynamic height 971.106 0 24... 47.... 71.-. 95.... 142... 189-.. 284... 400- . - 599.-. 797-.. 1,499. 13,95 10.58 13.42 13. 00 5,46 5.8' 4,60 4,17 3,93 3.52 3,3.64 34.18 35. .50 35. 53 35.53 35. 08 35.17 34.68 34. 98 34.95 34.93 34.93 34.91 0 25.-.. 50.... 75.... 100. . . 150... 200. . . 300... 400. . . 600... 800. . . 1,000. 13.95 10.60 13.40 12. 12.55 9.90 9.35 5.50 5.85 4.60 4.15 3.90 33. 64 34.25 35. 50 35. 53 .35. 52 35.09 35. 13 34. 71 34. 98 34. 95 34.93 34.93 25. 17 26.28 26.72 26.84 26.90 27.06 27.18 27.41 27. 57 27.70 27.73 27.76 92 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, 7c o Station 4929; .Tune 14; latitude 41°36' N., longitude 47°17' W.; depth 4,150 meters; dynamic height 971.128 0_-. 25-. 49-. 74.. 99.. 148 197 296 402 601 798 998 1,4S 13.31 33.27 0 1.3. 31 33. 27 9.40 33.43 25 9.40 33. 43 8.89 34.19 50 8.90 34.22 9.11 34. 61 75 9.10 34.63 10.16 35. 02 100-.. . 10.15 35.02 8.80 34. 95 150.-.- 8.75 34.95 7. .SO 34.78 200- - - - 7.20 34.78 5.96 34.74 300- . - . 6.00 34.74 6.05 34.92 400..-. 6.05 .34: 92 4.99 34.97 600.... 5.00 34.97 4.47 34.98 800- . . . 4.45 34.98 4.17 34.97 1,000- - 4.15 34. 97 3.55 34. 93 25. 01 25. 84 26.55 26.83 26.96 27.14 27.23 27.37 27. 51 27. 68 27.74 27.77 Station 4930; .Tune 15; latitude 41°00' N., longitude 48°30' W.; depth 2,926 meters; dynamic height 971.212 0 16.71 35.08 0 16.71 35.08 25. -66 '24 15. 11 35.63 25 15.10 35. 63 26.46 47 14.74 35,62 50 14.65 35.62 26.54 71 14. 15 35. 59 75 14.05 35. 56 26.63 94 13.45 35. 48 100---- 13.35 35.48 26.71 142 12.84 35. 51 150 12.80 35. 52 26. 86 189 12.61 35. 54 200.-.. 12.35 35. 51 26.94 283 9.78 35. 20 .300.... 9.45 35.16 27.19 418 7.50 35.01 400---- 7.70 35.02 27.36 624 5.58 35. 05 600---- 5.75 35.05 27.64 828 4.51 34. 98 800.... 4.60 34. 99 27.73 1,033.-- 3.98 34.92 1,000-. 4.00 34. 93 27.75 1,544... .3.74 34. 93 Station 4931; June 15; latitude 41°32' N., longitude 48°56' W.; depth 3,054 meters; dynamic height 971.237 0 17.89 35. 55 0 17.89 35, 55 25,74 25 16.20 35.74 25 16.20 35, 74 26,29 50 15.78 35. 78 50 15.78 35, 78 26,42 75 15.17 35. 88 75 15.17 35,88 26,62 101 14,05 35. 72 100---- 14. 05 35, 72 26,75 150 12.95 35.52 150---- 12. 95 35, 52 26,82 201 13.01 35.58 200.-.. 13.00 35,58 26,86 302 10.67 35. 35 300.... 10. 75 3.5, 35 27, 11 401 8.54 35.12 400...- 8.55 35,12 27.30 600 5.38 34. 97 600--.- 5.35 34,97 27. 63 799 4.67 35.00 800- . - - 4.65 35, 00 27.74 1,000-.. 3.99 34. 93 1,000-- 4,00 34, 93 27.75 1,502... 3.81 34. 95 Station 4932; .Tune 15: latitude 42°00' N., longitude 49°27' W,; depth 3,292 meters; dynamic height 971.107 0 25 49 74 98 148 197 295 380 ,569 7.58 950 1,432... 11,77 33.31 0 11.77 .33, 31 7,44 33. 42 25 7.44 33,42 4,87 33. 56 50 4.90 33,62 9,04 34. 52 75 9.10 34,54 11,12 35. 18 100 11.10 35, 18 4,03 .34. 14 150...- 4.10 34.14 6.96 34.72 200-.-. 6.95 34,72 5.30 34.64 300.... 5.40 34.64 6.48 35.02 400.... 6.25 35.00 .3.69 34.79 600 3.65 34.80 3.61 34.86 800---- 3.65 34.87 .3.72 34.91 1,000-. 3,70 34.91 3.50 34.90 25.35 26.14 26.62 26.76 26.92 27.11 27.23 27.36 27.54 27.68 27.74 27.77 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity. Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo station 4933; June 15; latitude 41°01.5' N., longitude 50°17' W.; depth 4,200 meters; dynamic height 971.286 0---- 24... 49--. 73--- 98... 147- - 195- . 293-. 414.. 621.- 830- - 1,0.37 1,555 19.20 35. 60 0 19,20 35. 60 17.02 35.52 25 17,00 35. 52i 15.47 35. 65 50 15,90 35. 65 i 13.75 35. 37 75 13. 75 35. 37 14.46 35.73 100 14.45 35.73 13.23 35. 57 150---. 13.20 35. 56 12.89 35. 55 200. . . . 12.85 35. 55 11.56 35. 52 300.... 11.40 35.50 8.58 35.10 400...- 8.85 35.13 5.88 35, 02 600---- 6.10 35. 03 4.64 34,98 800.... 4.70 34. 98 4.29 34,98 1,000.. 4.30 34. 98: 3.70 34.94 25.44 25.92 26.29 26. 55 26.67 26.80 26.87 27.11 27.26 27.58 27.71 27. 75 Station 4934; June 15-16; latitude 41°30' N., longitude 50°17' W.; depth 3,9.32 meters; dynamic lieight 971, .333 0 19,13 35,90 0 19.13 35.90 25.69 24 18.46 36, 15 25 18. 45 36.15 26.05 49 18.02 36, 20 50 18. 00 36,20 26.21 73 17. 40 36, 29 75 17. .35 36. 29 26.44 98 17.16 36,27 100 17.10 36.27 26.48 147 14.72 35,77 150 --- 14,65 35. 76 26.65 195 13.83 35.72 200---. 13. 75 35.71 26.81 293 12.14 35. 51 300.... 12. 05 35. 49 26.98 393 9.80 35. 24 400.... 9.65 35.22 27. 20 587 6,43 35. 04 600---. 6. .30 35. 04 27. 56 779 5,03 35. 00 800.--- 4.95 35. 00 27. 70 976 4,42 34.97 1,000-- 4.35 34.97 27. 75 1,470.-- 3,88 34. 96 Station 4935; June 16; latitude 42°03.5' .\'., longitude ,50°25' W.; depth 3,292 meters; dynamic lieight 971.097 0 10.88 32. 95 0 10.88 32.95 25 6.62 33. 06 25 ---- 6.62 33. 06 49 4.01 33. 29 50 3.90 33. 29 74 1.25 33. 44 75 1.25 33.45 99 4.02 34. 00 100--.. 4.10 34.01 148 5.25 34.38 150 5.25 34.39 197 5.31 34.50 200 5.30 34.50 296 4.74 34. 63 300.... 4.80 34. 64 417 5.29 34. 91 400--.. 5.25 34.89 622 4.75 34.97 600---- 4.80 34. 97 825 .... 4.32 34.96 800 4.35 34.96 1,031... 4.15 ■Si. 96 1,000-- 4.15 34. 96 1,545... 3.54 34.90 25. 22 25.96 26.45 26.80 27. 01 27. 18 27.26 27. 43 27. .58 27. 70 27.74 27. 76 Station 4936; June 16; latitude 42°24.5' N., longitude 50°27' W.; depth 2,350 meters; dynamic height 971.019 0 25 51 75 101 151 202 303 404 605 807 1,009... 1,513... 7.87 32.73 0 7.87 32.73 5.41 33.22 25 5.41 33.22 -0. .37 33.53 50 -0.35 33.53 2.22 33.88 75 2.25 33.88 3.00 34.06 100.... 3.00 34.06 2.47 34,12 150.... 2.45 34.12 3.85 34,47 200---. 3.85 34.47 2.72 34, .50 300---- 2.75 34.50 4.15 34.83 400---- 4.15 .34. 83 3.62 34.84 600---- 3.60 34.84 3.62 34.84 800--.. 3.60 34.84 3.60 34.89 1,000-. 3.60 34.89 3.47 34.90 25.54 26.24 26.95 27. 07 27.16 27.25 27.40 27. 53 27. 6,^1 27.72 27.72 27. 76 93 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observe! values Tern- Depth, pera- meters ture, °C Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- i^ty, Station 4937; June 16; latitude 42°42' N., longitude 50°25' W.; depth 1,143 meters; dynamic height 971.064 0.... 21... 42... 66... 84... 126.. 167.. 251.. 353.. 542.. 739.. 887.. 8.041 32.74 0 6.35 32.88 25 2.25 33.16 50 1.54 33.43 75 0.52 33.45 100.... 0.52 33.65 150.... 1.45 33.87 200..-. 1.94 34.23 300.... 3.24 34.68 400.... 3.90 34.85 600.... 3.58 34.85 800.... 3.57 34. 88 (1,000). 8.04 32. 74 1 25.52 5.601 32.921 25.98 2.00; 33.24: 26.59 33. 44 33.52 33.78 34.01 34.45 34.77 34.85 34.86 34.89 0.85 0.40 1.05 1.65 2. 3.60 3.80 3.60 3.55 26.82 26.92 27.08 27.23 27.50 27.67 27.71 27.74 27.76 Station 4938; June 16; latitude 42°48.5' N., longitude 50°26' W., depth 276 meters; dynamic height 971.044 0._ 9.26 24 3.36 49 0.33 73 -0.05 98 0.02 146 1.08 195 1.63 244 2.66 32.98 33.19 33.29 33.38 33.52 33.78 33.99 34.32 32.98 25.52 33.19 26.44 33.29 26.73 33.39 26.83 33.53 26.94 3.3.81 27. 10 34.02 27.23 Station 4939; June 16; latitude 42°55.5' N., longitude 50°24' W.; depth 102 meters; dynamic height 971.047 8.75 32.95 0 8.75 4.31! 33.15 25 4.31 1.87 33.23 50 1.87 1.39 33.39 75 1.39 32.95 25.58 33.15 26.30 33.23 26.59 33.39I 26.75 Station 4940; June 16; latitude 43°18.5' N., longitude 50°25' W.; depth 70 meters; dynamic height 971.072 8.36 32.16 3.55! 32.65 2.701 32.90 8.36 3.55 2.65 32.16 32.65 32.91 25.02 25.98 26.27 Station 4941; July 12-13; latitude 50°00.5' N., longi- tude 48°59' W.; depth 1,920 meters; dynamic height 970.844 0 24 48 72 96 144 191 287 342 517 694 877 1,348... 8.32 3.37 2.93 2. 3.02 3.16 3.23 3.39 3.30 3.28 3.26 3.26 3.31 32.72 34.46 34.64 34.70 34.71 34.78 34.81 34.84 34.84 34.84 34.85 34.85 34.88 0-... 25... .50... 75... 100.. 150.. 200.. 300.. 400.. 600.- 800- . 1,000 8.32 3.30 2.95 2.95 3.05 3.15 3.25 3.35 3.30 3.30! 3.25! 3.25! 32.72 34.49 34.65 34.70 34.71 34.78 34.82 34.84 34.84 34.84 34.85 34.86 25.46 27.47 27. 63 27.67 27.67 27.71 27.74 27.74 27.75 27.75 27.76 27.77 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture , ° C Salin- ity, 7o= Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo Station 4942; July 13; latitude 49°50' N., longitude 49°32' W.; depth 1.371 meters; dynamic height 970.863 0.... 24... 49... 73.-- 98... 147- - 195.. 293-. 373.. 559.. 746.. 936-. 1,226 7.52 2.16 2.07 2.70 2.81 2.98 3.08 3.24 3.31 3.30 3.30! 32.15 34.18 34.42 34.56 34.64 34.72 34.75 34.80 34.81 34.85 34.86 3.28 34.85 3.26| 34.86 0 25... 50... 75... 100.. 150.- 200- . 300.. 400.. 600.. 800.. 1,000 7.52 2.15 2.10 2.70 2.80 3.00 3.10 3.25 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 32.15 34.21 34.43 34.57 34.65 34.72 34.75 34.80 34.82 34.85 34.85 34.85 25.13 27.35 27.52 27.59 27.64 27.69 27.70 27.72 27.74 27.76 27.76 27.76 Station 4943; July 13; latitude 49''38.5' N., longitude 50°01' W.; depth 626 meters; dynamic height 970.981 0 9.46 24 1.04 47 -1.17 71 -0.99 94 -0.52 141 0.71 188 1.76 282 2.54 397 3.05 32.24 33.03 33.25 33.48 33.68 34.08 34.34 34.59 34.74 0- 25 50 75 100.... 150.-.. 200.... 300.-.. 400.... (600).-. 9.461 32.241 0.95; 3.3. 04| -1.15 33.28! -O.90I 33.51 -o.4o! 33.73! 0.95 34.13 1.90; 34.38! 2.65 3.10 3.30 34.62 34.74 34.81 24.91 26.50 26.78 26.97 27.12 27.46 27.50 27.64 27.69 27.73 Station 4944; July 13: latitude 49°27' N., longitude 50°32' W.; depth 329 meters; dynamic height 971.040 0 23.-.. 46-... 91 137... 183... 274.-. 9.55 32.37 0 9.55 32.37 25.00 2.66 32.79 25 2.15 32.84 26.26 -1.06 33.18 50 -1.05 33.20 26.72 -0.85 33.09 75 -0.95 33. 30 26.79 -0.76 33.55 100 -0.85 33.37 26.84 0.40 33.86 150.... -0.50 33.63 27.04 0.65 34.30 200 0.50 33. 95 27.25 ! (300).-. 0.85 34.42 27.61 Station 4945; July 13; latitude 49°18.5' N., longitude 51°03' W.; depth 334 meters; dynamic height 971.034 ^ 0 25 50 75 100 150 200.... 300.... 10.40 32.27 0.67 32.94 -0.95 33.13 -1.04 33.32 -1.12 33.46 -0.35 33.70 0.82 34.02 2.48 34.54 0 25 50 75 100.--. 150 200.... 300.... 10.40 0.67 -0.95! 33.13 -1.04 -1.12 -0.35 33.32 33. 46 33.70 0.821 34.02 2.48! 34.54 32.27! 24.78 .32.941 26.43 26.66 26.81 26. 93 27.09 27.29 27.58 94 Tahle of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued O bserved values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture °C Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, 7oo Station 4946; July 13; latitude 49°09.5' N., longitude 51°34' W.; depth 315 meters; dynamic height 971.080 0 10.28 31.84 0 10.28 31.84 24.46 24 . . 32.77 33.03 25 50 0.75 -1.05 32.79 33.04 26.31 49 -1.06 26.59 73 -1.17 33.14 75 -1.20 33.15 26.68 97 -1.22 33.22 100.... -1.20 33.23 26.74 146 -1.25 33.38 150 -1.25 33.40 26.89 194 -0.72 33.63 200.... -0.60 33.67 27.08 291 1.72 (300)..- 1.95 34.38 27.50 Station 4947; July 13; latitude 49°04' N., longitude 51°55' W.; depth 302 meters; dynamic height 971.081 0 11.52 31.32 0. 11.52 31.32 23.84 24 -0.07 32.70 25 -0.15 32.75 26.32 48 -0.75 32.99 50 -0.80 33.00 26.55 71 -1.40 33.12 75 -1.40 33.13 26.67 95 -1.41 33.21 100.... -1.40 33.23 26.75 143 -1.22 33.41 150..-. -1.15 33.45 26.93 191 -0.50 33.71 200..-- -0.30 33.77 27.15 286 2.10 34.37 (300).-- 2.50 34.47 27.53 Station 4948; July 13; latitude 49°00.5' N.. longitude 52°08' W.; depth 293 meters; dynamic height 971.082 0 -- 12.03 30.52 0 12.03 30.52 23.13 20 -1.24 32.77 25 -1.40 32.85 26.44 41 -1.56 32.99 50 -1.60 33.05 26.61 61 -1.62 33.12 75 -1.60 33. 17i 26.71 82 -1.54 33.20 100.... -1.30 33.32 26.82 123 -1.08 33.47 150.... -0 90 33.53 26.98 164 -0.84 33.57 200...- -0.20 33.74 27.12 221 0.31 33.88 Station 4949; July 13; latitude 48°54.5' N., longitude 52°26' W.; depth 352 meters; dynamic height 971.115 11.32 30.71 0 11.32 30.71 23.41 22 -0.21 32.62 25 -0.30 32.68 26.27 45 -0.63 32.88 50 -0.70 32.92 26.48 67 -1.07 33.05 75 -1.15 33.09 26.63 89 -1.28 33.14 100-.-. -1.35 33.18 26.71 134 -1.48 33.27 150-.. . -1.45 33.31 26.81 178 -1.28 33.40 200-.. . -1.00 33.52 26.98 267 0.74 34.00 (300)-.. 1.85 34.24 27.39 Station 4950; July 13-14; latitude 48°48' N., longitude 52°43' W.; depth 235 meters; dynamic height 971.138 0 11.25 30.13 0- 11.25 30.13 24 -0.48 32.75 25 -0.60 32.77 48 -1.36 32.98 50 -1.40 32.99 71 -1.59 33.06 75 -1.60 33.07 95 -1.63 33.13 100.... -1.65 33.14 143 -1.56 33.19 150.... -1.55 33.20 190 -1.27 33.28 (200)--. -1.20 33.30 22.98 26.35 26.56 26.63 26.68 26.73 26.80 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C Salin- ity, 7„o Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo Station 4951; July 14; latitude 48''46.5' N., longitude 52°49' W.; depth 165 meters; dynamic height 971.148 0 11.60 29.82 0 11.60 29.82 22.67 24 -0.34 32.65 25 -0.40 32.62 26.23 48 -1.21 32.96 50 -1.25 32.97 26.54 72 -1.47 33.04 75 -1.50 33.05 26.60 96 -1.62 33.11 100.... -1.65 33.11 26.66 139 -1.59 33.14 (150)... -1.60 33.15 26.69 Station 4952; July 14; latitude 48°44' N., longitude 52°58' W.; depth 96 meters; dynamic height 971.164 0 13.06 29.96 0 13.06 29.96 22.51 25 0.76 32.48 25 0.76 32.48 26.06 51 -1.24 32.77 50 -1.20 32,76 26.37 76 -1.39 32.90 75 -1.40 32.90 26.48 Station 4953; July 14; latitude 48°38.5' N., longitude 52°45' W.; depth 169 meters; dynamic height 971.155 0 12.56 30.29 0 12.56 30.29 22.86 24 0.82 32.48 25 0.50 32.50 26.08 47 -1.18 32.82 50 -1.20 32.84 26.43 71 -1.36 32.96 75 -1.40 32.98 26.55 94 -1.47 33.04 100-.-- -1.50 33.05 26.60 141 -1.61 33.10 (150)... -1.65 33.11 26.66 Station 4954; July 14; latitude 48°33.5' N., longitude 52°35' W.; depth 269 meters; dynamic height 971.137 0 11.01 30.10 i 0 11.01 30.10 22.99 25 -0.88 32.72 25 -0.88 32.72 26.32 49 -1.29 32.95 50 -1.30 32.96 26.53 74 -1.55 33.04 I 75 -1.55 33.04 26.60 98 -1.60 33.11 100-.. . -1.60 33.11 26.66 147 -1.52 33.18 150.... -1.50 33.18 26.71 196 -1.50 33.25 200.... -1.45 33.26 26.77 245 -0.36 33.47 Station 4955; July 14; latitude 48°20.5' N., longitude 52°09' W.; depth 183 meters; dynamic height 971.116 0 10.85 31.22 0 10.85 31.22 23.88 25 0.00 32.64 25 0.00 32.64 26.23 49 -1.01 32.98 50 -1.05 32.99 26.55 (75).... -1.35 33.10 26.64 (100).-. -1.40 33.17 26.70 (150)..- -1.20 33.31 26.81 Station 4956; July 14; latitude 48°13.5' N., longitude 51°55' W.; depth 187 meters; dynamic height 971.105 0 25 50 75 101...- 151..-- 11.47 -0.19 -1.19 -1.51 -1.54 -1.17 31.56 32.72 33.03 33.14 33.22 33.41 0-- 25-. 50., 75- 100 150 11.47 -0.19 -1.19 -1.51 -1.55 -1.15 31.56 32.72 33.03 33.14 33.22 33.40 24.04 26.30 26.58 26.68 26.75 26.89 95 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952-Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture Scaled values Salin- 1 „ *v, ity, I ^ePiK Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, ^'fH??, ^2.^'^' ^^^y ^4; latitude 48°06' N., longitude 971^03 '^'^ ^'° meters; dynamic height 0.. 25. 49. 74. 99. 148 183 11.30 2.05 -0.92 -1.23 -1.39 -0.66 -0.25 31.94 32.56 33.01 33.16 33.28 33.50 33.59 0 25.... 50 75. . . . 100.... 150 ... (200) . . 11.30 2.05 -0.95 -1.25 -1.40 -0.65 -0.10 31.94 32.56 33.02 33.16 33.29 33.50 33.60 24.36 26.04 26.57 26.69 26.79 26.95 27.00 Station 4958; .July 14; latitude 47°58' N., longitude 51°21' W.; depth 160 meters; dynamic height t7/l.U<70 0.. 25, 49. 74. 99. 148 11.48 2.00 -0.92 -1.21 -1.28 -0.07 31.98 32.63 33.04 33. 16 33.29 33.61 0... 25.. 50.. 75.. 100. 150- 11.48 2.00 -0.95 -1.25 -1.30 0.00 31.98 24.36 32.63 26.10 33.05 26.59 3.3.171 26.70 33..30| 26.80 33.63 27.02 Station 4959; July 14; latitude 47°50.5' N., longitude 51''03' W.; depth 115 meters; dynamic height 971.097 0. 25 49 74, 11.20 0.96 -1.03 -0.96 32.05 32. 58 32.98 33. 18 0... 25.. 50.. 75.. (100) 11.20 0.96 -1.05 -0.95 0. 10 32. 05 32. 58 32. 99 33. 19 33. 35 24.47 26. 13 26.55 26.71 26.80 Station 4960; July 14; latitude 47°41.5' N., longitude 50°41' W.; depth 134 meters; dynamic height Station 4961; July 14; latitude 47°35' N., longitude 50 25' W.; depth 201 meters; dynamic height 971.117 0-. 25- 51. 76. 101 152 12.16 2.97 -0.45 -0.87 -0.53 -0.62 32.04 32. 40 32.81 32.98 33. 33 33.44 0 12.16 25 50 75 100.--. 150-.. . 2.97 -0.40 32.04 24.28 32. 40| 25.84 32.80' 26.38 -0.85! 32.97J 26.52 -0.55 33.32! 26.79 -0.60 3.3.44 26.89 Station 4962; July 14; latitude 47°23' N., longitude 49 58' W.; depth 88 meters; dynamic height 971.135 0- 26 52 78 11.91 8.17 1.17 -0.32 32.34 32.46 32.75 33.00 0- 25 50 75 11.91 8.30 1.80 -0. 20, 32.34 32.46 32.73 32.98 24.56 25.25 26.19 26.51 Observed values Tem- Depth, pera- meters ture. Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, "C Salin- ity. 7oo ^*.^oo5?, *?.^= 'l^^y 15: latitude 47°47' N., longitude 971113 "'^ meters; dynamic height 0 26-... 52.--- 78-.-. 104... 12.01 5.95 -0.35 -0.73 -0.62 (0).-.. (25).-. (50)-.-. (75).-., (100)... 12.01 (.32.15) 6. 20 (.32.83) 0.25(32.88) -0.70!(.33.10) -0.651(33.19) 24.40 25.84 26.38 26.62 26.70 Station 4964; July 15; latitude 47°59.5' N., longitude 971*085^' '^'^"^'^ ^^° meters; dynamic height 0.- 25. 51. 76. 102 153 11.61 -0.29 -0.98 -1.19 -1.44 -0.27 31.87 0 32.91 25 33. 05 50 33.22 75 33.28 100..-. 33.69 150.... 11.61 -0.29 -1.00 -1.20 -1.40 -0.35 31.87 24.26 32. 9l! 26.45 33.05 26.59 33.22 33. 28 33.66 26.74 26.79 27.06 Station 4965; .July 15; latitude 48°10.5' N , longitude 971^095^' '^^^^^ ^^^ meters; dynamic height 0 11.19 .25.-;.. -0.10 50 -1.27 76 -1.50 101 -1.54 152 '-0.99 202 1-0.32 31 77 32 77 33 06 33 18 33. 26 33. 47 33. 69 0... 25-- 50-. 75.. 100- 1.50. 200- 11.19; 31.77 -0.10 -1.27 -1.50 -1.55 -1.00 -0.35 32.77 33.06 .33. 18 33. 26 .33. 46 33.68 24. 26 26.33 26.61 26.71 26.78 26.93 27.07 Station 4966; July 15; latitude 48°31.5' N.. longitude 'By^L^'-' '^^^^^ "1^ meters; dynamic height 970.996 0-- 25- 50. 75- 100 150 201 301 396 594 11.55 1.00 1.10 -0.76 -0.18 1.42 1.92 2.62 2.79 3.32 32. 11 32. 95 33. 33 33. 59 .33. 79 .34. 17 34.36 .34. 61 34.67 .34.83 0... 25-. 50-. 75-- 100. 150- 200. 300. 400. 600. 11.55 1.00 1.10 -0.76 -0.18 1.42 1.90 2.60 2.80 3.35 32.11 32.95 33. 33 33.59 33. 79 34.1 34.36 .34. 61 34.67 .34.83 24.45 26.42 26.71 27.02 27. 16 27.38 27.49 27. 63 27.66 27.73 Station 4967; July 15; latitude 48°39' N., longitude 49°25' W.; depth 1,262 meters; dynamic height y /u.yoo 0---. 25-.. 50... 75... 100 . 150- . 201.. 301.. 363.. 554-- 752-. 956-. 1,113 10.04 32.31 0 10.04 32.31 1.17 33. 20 25 1.17 33.20 -0.56 33.64 50 -0.56 33. 64 -0.08 .33. 86 75 -0.08 33.86 0.97 34.09 100.... 0.97 34.09 2.02 34.41 150 2.02 34.41 2.56 34.58 200-..- 2.55 34.58 3.15 34.77 300..-. 3.15 34.77 •3. 55 34.81 400-... 3.55 34. 83 3.43 34.86 600.-.. 3.45 34.87 3.49 34.87 800. . . . 3.45 34.87 3.26 34.86 1,000.. 3.25 34.86 3.28 34.87 24.87 26.62 27.05 27.20 27. 33 27.52 27.61 27.71 27.71 27.76 27.76 27.77 96 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity. 7oo Sealed values Derth, meters De'rT>'^»°- ?u?e. 17- Station 4968; July 15; latitude 49°04.5' N., longitude 49°16' W.; depth 1,628; meters; dynamic height 970.847 0.. 9.17 31.83 0- 9.17 31.83 24.64 25 2.88 34.43 25 2.88 34. 43 27.46 50 2.62 34.56 50 2.62 34. 56 27.59 75 2.71 34.63 75 2.71 34.63 27.63 101 2.87 34.69 100--.. 2.85 34.69 27.67 151 3.23 34.78 150---. 3.25 34.78 27.70 201 3.31 34.82 200..-- 3.30 34.82 27.74 302 3.31 34.84 300-.-- 3.30 34. 84 27.75 391 3.27 34.86 400--.. 3.30 34. 86 27.77 587 3.28 34.86 600..-. 3.30 34.86 27.77 782 3.29 800. . . . 3.30 34.86 27.77 980 3.23 34.86 1,000.- 3.25 34.86 27.77 1,478... 3.31 34.89 Station 4969; July 15; latitude 49°30.5' N., longitude 49°10' W.; depth 1,628 meters; dynamic height 970.835 0 8.71 32.31 0 8.71 32.31 25.08 25 3.03 34.48 25 3.03 34.48 27. 48 51 2.80 34.63 50 2.80 34.63 27.62 76 2.91 34.69 75 2.90 34.68 27.66 102 3.04 34.75 100.--. 3.05 34.74 27.69 152 3.10 34.79 150-.-. 3.10 34.79 27.73 203 3.19 34.83 200--.. 3.20 34.83 27.75 305 3.26 34.84 300..-. 3.25 34. 845 27.76 401 3.26 34.86 400.-.- 3.25 34.86 27.77 609 3.26 34.86 600-.-. 3.25 34.86 27.77 800 3.23 34. 86 800.... 3. 25 34. 86 27.77 1,497... 3.32 34.87 1,000-. 3.20 34.86 27.78 Station 4970; July 15; latitude 50°00' N., longitude 49°00' W.; depth 1,847 meters; dynamic height 970.838 0.... 25-.. 50..- 76... 101- . 151-. 202.- 303- - 403- . 604.. 803.. 1,004 1,508 10.59 32.77 0 10.59 32.77 3.45 34.51 25 3.45 34.51 2.97 34.65 50 2.97 34. 65 3.08 34.71 75 3.10 34.71 3.15 34.77 100.-.. 3.15 34.77 3.25 34.80 150.--. 3.25 34.80 3.23 34. 81 200---- 3.25 34.81 3.28 34.85 300---. 3.30 34.85 3.29 34.85 400.--. 3.30 34. 85 3.30 34.86 600.... 3.30 34.86 3.26 34.86 800... 3.30 34. 86 3.24 34.85 1,000-. 3.25 34.86 3.33 34.89 25.13 27.47 27.63 27.67 27.70 27.72 27.73 27.76 27.76 27.77 27.77 27.77 Station 4971; July 17; latitude 53°43' N., longitude 55°48' W.: depth 110 meters; dynamic height 1454.920 0- 7.49 27.90 0 7.49 27.90 21.80 25- -0.23 32.02 25 -0.23 32.02 25.74 49 -1.61 32.72 50 -1.60 32.72 26.35 74 -1.68 32.78 75 -1.70 32.78 26.39 98 -1.67 32.82 100-.-- -1.65; 32.82 I 26.43 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin ity. 7o= Station 4972; July 17; latitude 53°52' N., longitude 55°32' W.; depth 215 meters; dynamic height 1454.841 0 7.18 31.22 0 7.18 31.22 24.44 23 -0.54 32.56 25 -0.75 32.59 26.22 47 -1.51 32.84 50 -1.55 32.86 26.46 70 -1.49 32.96 75 -1.45 32.97 26.54 93 -1,37 33.02 100.-.. -1.35 33.05 26.60 140 -1.25 33.37 150... -1.00 33.52 26.98 177 0.04 33.92 (200).-- 1.05 34.26 27.47 Station 4973; July 17; latitude 53°55.5' N., longitude 55°26' W.; depth 170 meters; dynamic height 1454.807 0 7.31 31.57 0 7.31 31.57 24.70 25 -0.28 32.66 25 -0.28 32.66 26.25 49 -1.37 32.97 50 -1.40 32.98 26.55 74 -1.30 33.20 75 -1.30 33.21 26.73 98 -1.22 33.40 100 -1.20 33.41 26.90 147 -0.60 33.78 150.--- -0.55 33.81 27.19 Station 4974; Julv 17; latitude 54°05.5' N., longitude 55°07' W.; depth 165 meters; dynamic height 1454.795 0.. 25. 51. 76- 101 147 7.47 -0.55 -1.29 -1.26 -1.18 -0.75 31.44 32.77 33.26 33.42 33.58 33.72 0... 25-. 50- 75- 100 150 7.47 -0.55 -1.30 -1.25 -1.20 -0.70 31.44 32.77 33.25 33.42 33.57 33.73 24.58 26.35 26.76 26.91 27.03 27.13 Station 4975; July 17; latitude 54°11' N., longitude 54°55' W.; depth 170 meters; dynamic height 1454.790 0 7.80 31.52 0 7.80 31.52 25 -1.21 32.87 25 -1.21 32.87 50 -1.38 33.11 50 -1,38 33.11 75 -1.22 33.35 75 -1.22 33.35 101 -1.00 33.60 100 -1.00 33.59 151 0.09 34.00 150.--. 0.10 33.99 24.60 26.46 26.65 26.84 27.03 27.30 Station 4976; July 17; latitude 54°30.5' N., longitude 54°22' W.; depth 224 meters; dynamic height 1454.812 0 6.90 31.38 0 6.90 31.38 24.61 25 -1.46 32.89 25 -1.46 32.89 26.47 50 -1.35 33.11 50 -1.35 33.11 26.65 76 -1.29 33.26 75 -1.30 33.25 26.76 101 --. -1.27 33.40 100---- -1.25 33.39 26.88 151 -1.00 33.67 150.-.- -1.00 33.66 27.09 202 -0.21 33.95 200---. -0.20 33, 94 27.28 97 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952-Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture ° C Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- l^era- ture, ° C Salin- ity. 7oo station 4977; July 17; latitude 54°45' N., longitude 53 51 W.; depth 320 meters; dynamic height 1454.720 0.. 23. 45- 68. 90. 135 180 270 4.72 2.36 2.50 1.91 0.73 1.49 1.74 2.14 32.48 33.38 33.90 34.06 34.08 34.31 34.36 34.46 0--.. 25.. _ 50... 75... 100.. 150.. 200.. (300). 4.72 2.35 2.45 1.45 0.85 1.60 1.85 2.25 32.48 33.47 33.94 34.07 34.14 34.33 34.38 34.49 25.73 26.75 27.10 27.29 27.38 27.48 27.50 27.56 ^*?'ii2°, ^?7^= -^"'y 1^' latitude 54°51' N., longitude ?L?1 o^-' ^®P*^ 619 meters; dynamic height 1454.643 0.. 18. 37. 55. 74. Ill 147 221 342 533 7.01 2.27 0.59 1.02 1.62 2.46 2. 3.12 3.17 3.36 33.26 34.01 34.14 34.22 34.36 34.63 34.62 34.78 34.80 34.85 0 25 50 75 100.... 150...- 200.-.. 300...- 400.... (600)..- 7.01 1.35 0.90 1.65 2.25 2.85 3.10 3.15 3.20 3.40 33.26 34.07 34.19 34.37 34.49 34.63 34.74 34.80 34.81 34.86 26.07 27.30 27.42 27.52 27.56 27.62 27.69 27.73 27.74 27.76 ® «"o?, *«/'^' I^'yJ''' latitude 54°55' N., longitude ?L. .<,.r-' ^^P^^ ^'^63 meters; dynamic height 1454.629 0 25.-.. 51.... 76.... 102... 152... 203... 305... 352... 532... 713... 897... 1,370. 7.31 4.64 3.30 2.91 2.95 3.11 3.16 3.27 3.29 3.36 3.43 3.42 3.35 33.69 34.31 34.46 34.61 34.68 34.77 34.78 34.83 34.84 34. 855 34.87 34. 865 34. 865 0-... 25... 50... 75... 100- _ 150- - 200- . 300.. 400.. 600- . 800.- 1,000. 7.31 4.64 3.30 2.90 2.95 3.10 3.15 3.30 3.30 3.40 3.45 3.40 33.69 34.31 34.46 34.61 34.68 34.77 34.78 34.83 34.84 34.86 34. 865 34.86 26.37 27.19 27.45 27.61 27.65 27.72 27.71 27.74 27.75 27.76 27.75 27.76 Station 4980; July 17; latitude 55°00' N., longitude 53 11' W.; depth 2,067 meters; dynamic height 1454.612 0.... 23... 46-.. 69... 92... 138.. 184.. 276.- 370.. 557-. 746.. 935.. 1,419 1,916 8.10 5.98 3.46 2.97 3.20 3.35 3.40 3.28 3.37 3.41 3.46 3.36 3.30 3.21 33.89 34.28 34.60 34.70 34.80 34.83 34. 845 34.84 34.85 34.86 34.86 34.87 34.88 34.90 0-... 25--. 50--- 75--- 100- - 150--. 200.-. 300- . . 400.-. 600... 800... 1,000 1,500. (2,000) 8.10 5.75 3.30 3.00 I 33. 89 i 34. 33 I 34. 62 I 34. 73 3. 25|34.81 3. 35 1 34. 83 3.40 34.84 3. 30134. 84 3.35 34.855 3. 40 1 34. 86 3.45 34.865 3. 35 34. 87 3. 30 34. 88 3. 20 34. 90 26.40 27.07 27.58 27.69 27.73 27.73 27.74 27. 75 27.75 27.76 27.75 27.77 27.78 27.81 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7„„ Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, Station 4981; July 17-18; latitude 55°10.5' N , longi- Sht'l45l.'58^-= '•^P*^ ''''' ^'''''■' ^>-^-- 0 25 50 74 99 149 198 297 379 571 762 956 1,446-.. 1,945,- 2,504... 2,792... 8.61 7.72 3.48 3.10 3.09 3.29 3.34 3.38 3.34 3.39 -e. 45 3.34 3.22 3.11 2.42 2.08 34.33 34.41 34.64 34.75 34. 755 34.85 34.87 34.88 34.88 34.89 34.91 34.90 34.88 34.95 34.92 34.91 0.... 25... 50... 75... 100.. 150.. 200.. 300.. 400.. 600.- 800.. 1,000. 1,500. 2,000. 2,500. 8.61 7.72 3.48 3.10 3.10 3.30 3.35 3.40 3.35 3.35 3.45 3.35 3.20 3.10 34.33 34.41 34.64 34.75 34 76 34.85 34.87 34.88 34.88 34.89 34.91 34.90 34. 885 34. 95 2. 45 34. 92 26.67 26.88 27.57 27.70 27.71 27.76 27.77 27.77 27.77 27.78 27.79 27.79 27.80 27.86 27.89 Station 4982; July 18; latitude 55°30' X , lonc^itude 52°19' W.; depth 3,200 meters; dynamic height 1,454.577 147. 197. 295- 394. 592- 790- 1,475.. 1,954-. 2,416-. 2,893.. 3,038-- 8.87 5.16 3.08 3.05 3.03 3.19 3.26 3.30 3.28 3.33 3.26 3.25 3.21 3.27 2.98 1.78 34.34 34.50 34.68 34.75 34.77 34.83 34.85 34. 865 34.87 34.89 34.88 34.88 34.88 34. 885 34.94 34. 92 34.89 0 25.... 50.... 75.--. 100... 150--. 200-.. 300--. 400- - - 600-.. 800. . . 1,000. 1,500- 2,000- 2,500. 3,000. 8.87 5.16 3.10 3.05 3.05 3.20 3.25 34. 34 34. .50 34.68 34. 75 34-77 34.83 34. 85 3. 30l34. 865 3. 30] 34. 87 3. 30 34. 885 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.30 34.88 34.88 34.88 34.89 2. 85 34. 94 1.90 34.90 26.64 27.28 27.64 27.70 27.72 27.75 27.76 27.77 27.78 27.79 27.78 27.78 27.78 27.79 27.87 27.92 Station 4983; July 18; latitude 55°55.5' N , longitude 51 34' W.; depth 3,402 meters; dynamic height 1,454.650 0-... 25--- 49--. 74... 99... 148- . 197-. 296.. 398.. 596.. 792.. 988.. 1,486 1,987 2,335 2,801 3,126 9.62 8.79 5.65 4.83 4.38 3.91 3. 3.48 3.57 3.50 3.40 3.36 3.32 3.37 3.12 2.79 2.31 34.42 34.47 34.59 34.62 34.64 34.71 34.73 34.83 34.89 34.88 34.88 34.88 34.90 34.95 34.91 34.94 34.91 0.... 25... 50... 75--- 100.- 150.- 200.. 300.. 400.. 600.. 800.. 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500. 3,000. 9.62 8.79 5.60 4, 4.35 3.90 3.65 3.50 3.65 3.50 3.40 3.35 3.35 3.40 3.05 2.50 34.42 34.47 34.59 34.62 34.64 34.71 34.73 34.83 34.89 34.88 34.88 34.88 34.90 34.95 34. 931 34.911 26.59 26.76 27.30 27.42 27.48 27.59 27.62 27.72 27.76 27.76 27.77 27.77 27.79 27.83 27.84 27.88 98 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, " C Salin- ity, 7.0 Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Sahn- ity, Station 4984; July 18; latitude 56°30.5' N., longitude 50°25' W.; depth 3,530 meters; dynamic height 1,454.602 0- 8.25 34.47 0 i 8. 25 34. 47 26.84 26 6.66 34.54 25 6. 75 34. 54 27.11 51 3.97 34.69 50 4. 00 34. 66 27.56 77 3.29 34.79 75 3. 30 34. 79 27.71 103 3.25 34.79 100.--- 3. 25 34. 79 27.71 153 3.15 34.84 150-.-- 3. 15 34. 84 27.76 204 3.09 34.84 200---- 3. 10 34. 83 27.76 307 3.28 34.87 300--.- 3. 25 34. 855 27.76 310 3.24 34.86 400---- 3. 20 34. 84 27.76 495 3.11 34.85 600.--- 3. 15 34. 84 27.76 700 3.14 34.84 800- - . - 3. 15 34. 84 27.76 924 3.13 34.84 1,000-. 3.15 34.84 27.76 1,427-.- 3.16 34. 835 1,500.- 3.15 34.84 27.76 1,956--- 3.20 34.86 2,000.. 3.25 34.86 27.77 2,532-.. 3.40 34.915 2,500.. 3. 40 34. 91 27.80 3,016-.. 3.00 34.94 3,000.. 3. 00; 34. 94 27.86 3,405-.. 2.51 34.92 (3,500) 2. 40 34. 92 27.90 Station 4985; July 19; latitude 57°02' N., longitude 49°02' W.; depth 3,475 meters; dvnamic height 1,454.617 0 ;. 24 49 - 74 99 148 197 296 379 568 758 948 1,442--. 1,948--- 2,552--. 3,040- - - 3,429--. 8.89 34.39 0 6.95 34.47 25 4.29 34.60 50 3.20 34.70 75 3.30 34.74 100--.- 3.28 34.79 150---. 3.34 34.81 200---- 3.21 34.83 300---- 3.23 34.84 400..-- 3.27 34.84 600 3.27 34.83 800.--- 3.26 34.85 1,000- . 3.21 34.86 1,500.. 3.44 34.90 2,000.. 3.09 34.91 2,500.. 2.65 34.91 3,000.- 1.87 34.88 8.89 34.39 6.85 34.47 4. 20 34. 60 3. 20 34. 70 3.30 34.74 3. 30 34. 79 3.35 34.81 3. 20 34. 83 3. 25 34. 84 3. 25,34. 84 3. 25 34. 845 3.25 34.85 3. 20 34. 86 3. 45 34. 90 3. 15i34. 91 2.7034.91 26.67 27.05 27.47 27.65 27.67 27.71 27.72 27.75 27.75 27.75 27.76 27.76 27.78 27.78 27.82 27.86 Station 4986; July 19; latitude 57°34.5' N., longitude 48°04' W.; depth 3,347 meters; dynamic height 1454.603 0 7.72 34.43 0 7.72 34.43 26.89 25 5.23 34.47 25 5.23 34.47 27.25 52 3.04 34.69 50 3.05 34.67 27.64 77 3.19 34.79 75 3.15 34.79 27.72 104 3.33 34. 795 100 3.30 34.80 27.72 154 3.41 34.85 150.... 3.40 34.85 27.75 206 3.45 34.87 200.... 3.45 34.86 27.75 310 3.36 34.85 300--.. 3.35 34.85 27.75 513 3.42 34.86 400 3.40 34. 855 27.75 719 3.29 34.84 600..-- 3.35 34.85 27.75 924 3.24 34.85 800---- 3.25 34.84 27.75 1,129... 3.22 34.86 1,000-- 3.25 34.85 27.76 1,646... 3.27 34.85 1,500-- 3.25 34.86 27.77 2,164... 3.23 34.89 2,000.- 3.25 34.88 27.78 2,453... 3.00 34.89 2,500.- 2.95 34.89 27.82 2,937. . - 2.46 34.91 3,000-- 2.35 34.91 27.89 3,227... 1.87 34.89 Observed values Tem- g ,j Depth, pera- ^f^^ meters ture, a 7' Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity. 7c. „ Station 4987; July 19; latitude 58°05.5' N., longitude 47°0r W.; depth 3,054 meters; dynamic height 1454.603 0 7.66 34.49 0 7.66 34.49 26.94 25 6.43 34.52 25 6.43 34.52 27.14 50 5.44 34.63 50 5.44 34.63 27.34 75- 3.40 34.76 75 3.40 34.76 27.68 100 3.60 34.82 100---- 3.60 34.82 27.71 150 ■ 3.58 34. 845 150---. 3.58 34. 845 27.73 199 3.59 34. 845 200-..- 3.60 .34. 845 27.73 299 3.84 34.90 300--.. 3.85 34.90 27.74 406 3.37 34.85 400 3.40 34.85 27.75 609 3.46 34.87 600.--. .3.45 34.87 27.76 812 .3.44 34.89 800 3.45 34.89 27.77 1,015--- 3.43 34. 895 1,000-- 3.45 34. 895 27.78 1,494--- 3.37 34.915 1,500- - 3.40 34.91 27.80 2,044... 3.23 34. 915 2,000.- 3.25 34.91 27.81 2,490... 2.77 34.92 2,500- - 2.75 34.92 27.87 2,986--- 1.67 .34. 87 (3,000) 1.60 34.87 27.92 Station 4988; July 20; latitude 58°37.5' N., longitude 45°57' W.; depth 2,505 meters; dynamic height 1454.604 0 25 51 76 101 152---:. 203 304 376 565 755 946 1,431.-- 1,926--. 2,448- . . 6.80 34.49 0 - 6.80 34.49 5.22 34.55 25 5.22 34.55 4.43 34.67 50 4.45 34.67 3.77 34.85 75 3.75 34.85 3.76 34.86 100 3.75 34.86 4.10 34.92 150-..- 4.10 34. 92 3.92 34. 905 200---- 3.95 34.91 3.71 34. 885 300 3.70 34.89 3.59 34. 895 400--.. 3.55 34. 885 3.49 34. 885 600 3.50 34. 875 3.45 34.85 800--.- 3.45 34.87 3.42 34.84 1,000-- 3.45 34.87 3.39 34.87 1,500-- 3.35 34.87 3.00 34. 895 2,000-- 2.90 34. 895 2.08 34.84 (2,500) 1.95 34,83 27.06 27.32 27.50 27.71 27.72 27.74 27.74 27.75 27.76 27.76 27.76 27.76 27.77 27.84 27.86 Station 4989; July 20; latitude 59°00' N., longitude 45°16' W.; depth 2,286 meters; dynamic height 1454.582 0 6.99 34.64 0 6.99 34.64 27.15 25 5.60 34.64 25 5.60 34.64 27.34 49 4.98 34.79 50 4.95 34.79 27.53 74 4.62 34. 885 75 4.60 34.89 27.66 98 - 4.35 34.93 100--.. 4.35 34.93 27.71 147 4.20 34.95 150 4.20 34.95 27.75 196 4.08 34.94 200--.. 4.05 34.94 27.75 294 3.72 34.88 300 3.70 34. 885 27.75 393 3.83 34.92 400... . 3.80 34.92 27.77 591 3.66 34. 915 600-.. . 3.65 34.91 27.77 789 3.53 34.90 800 3.55 34.90 27.77 988 3.47 34.90 1,000-- 3.50 34.90 27.78 1,492-.. 3.29 34.91 1,500- . 3.30 34.91 27.81 2,002. . . 2.80 34.92 2,000-. 2.80 34.92 27.86 2,253... 2.14 34. 875 99 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1952— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C Salin- ity, 7„o Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin- ity. 7oo station 4990; July 20; latitude 59°14.6' N., longitude 44°54' W.; depth 1,957 meters; dynamic height 1454.616 0 25 50 76 101 151 202 303 404 605 806 1,005--- 1,506..- 1,862-.. 5.68 34.34 0 ^ 5.68 34.34 5.61 34.41 25 5.61 34.41 5.54 34.89 50 5.54 34.89 5.43 34.99 75 5.40 34.99 5.32 35.01 100... . 5.35 35.01 5.01 34. 995 150 5.05 34. 995 4.80 34.99 200-.-. 4.80 34.99 4.43 34.99 300.... 4.45 34.99 4.24 34.95 400-.-. 4.25 34.96 3.89 34.93 600 3.90 34.93 3.49 34.88 800 3.50 34.88 3.46 34.89 1,000-- 3.50 34.89 3.32 34.87 1,500-- 3.35 34.87 2.81 34.89 27.09 27.16 27.54 27.64 27.66 27.69 27.71 27.75 27.75 27.76 27.76 27.77 27.77 Station 4991; July 20; latitude 59°21.5' N., longitude 44°41' W.; depth 1,097 meters; dynamic height 1454.676 0--.. 24... 49... 74... 99... 148.. 197- . 429. . 635.. 838.. 1,036 5.27 5.46 5.71 5.87 5.48 4.78 4.52 4.69 4.66 4.18 4.01 34.05 34.46 34.71 34.87 34.92 34.96 34.92 34.97 34.97 34.93 34.93 0-... 25--. 50.-- 75-.. 100.- 150- . 200.. 300.. 400- . 600- - 800- . 1,000 5.27 5.50 5.70 5.85 5.45 4.75 4.50 4.60 4.70 4.65 4.25 4.05 34.05 34. 47 34.71 34.87 34.92 34.96 34.92 34.94 34.97 34.97 34. 935 34.93 26.91 27.22 27.38 27.49 27. 58 27.69 27.69 27.69 27.71 27.72 27.73 27.74 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, "C Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin- ity, 7o„ Station 4992; July 20; latitude 59°31.5' N., longitude 44°31' W.; depth 179 meters; dynamic height 1454.811 0_- 23- 47- 70- 94- 140 159 -0.18 30.99 0 -0.18 30.99 -0.36 31.27 25 -0.40 31.38 -0.93 32.55 50 -0.90 32.66 -0.81 33.37 75 -0.65 33.47 0.11 33.87 100...- 0.50 33.94 2.91 34.49 150.... 3.35 34.61 3.66 34.70 24.90 25.23 26.28 26.93 27.24 27.56 Station 4993; July 20; latitude 59°.34.5' N., longitude 44°23' W.; depth 153 meters; dynamic height 1454.839 0__. 25.- 51-. 76.. 101 _ 147- -0.20 31.22 0 -0.20 31.22 -0.53 31.61 25 -0.53 31.61 -0.84 32.84 50 -0.80 32.79 -1.01 33.12 75 -1.00 33.10 -0.97 33.56 100 -0.95 33.54 0.46 33.88 150...- 0.60 33.89 25.09 25.42 26.38 26.63 26.99 27.19 Station 4994; July 20; latitude 59°36' N., longitude 44°11' W.; depth 165 meters; dynamic height 1454.854 0 25 51 76 101 152 -0.78 -0.31 -0.69 -0.52 -0.30 1.70 31.12 31.38 32.26 32.90 33.47 34.25 0 25 50 75 100 150.... -0.78 -0.31 -0.70 -0.55 -0.30 1.60 31.12 31.38 32.23 32.87 33.44 34.21 25.03 25.22 25.92 26.43 26.88 27.39 o 100 U. S. TREASURY DEPARTMENT COAST GUARD BULLETIN No. 39 INTERNATIONAL ICE OBSERVATION AND ICE PATROL SERVICE IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC 0CEAN-[^^,T3°1 U. S. TREASURY DEPARTMENT COAST GUARD Bulletin No. 39 INTERNATIONAL ICE OBSERVATION AND ICE PATROL SERVICE IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN A. J. BUSH R, E. LENCZYK J. E. MURRAY FLOYD M. SOULE CG.I88-8 Season of 1953 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1955 UNITED STATES COAST GUARD ADDRESS REPLY TO COMMANDANT U. S. COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON 25, D. C. Washington, D. C, 16 December 1954 Transmitted herewith is Bulletin No. 39, International Ice Observation and Ice Patrol Service in the North Atlantic Ocean — Season of 1953. A. C. Richmond, Vice Admiral, U. S. Coast Guard Commandant Dist. (SDL No. 59) A: aaabcdef (LAUREL, COWSLIP, EVERGREEN, CACTUS only) i (1) B: e (5); be (2); dglm (1) C: abc (1) D: h (10); ce (1) E: d (35) List 133 ABSTRACT The authority for and the duties of the International Ice Patrol are described. The forces assigned to the International Ice Patrol during the 1953 ice season are listed. A description of the aerial ice reconnaissance carried out by the International Ice Patrol during the 1953 ice season is presented. The use of radio communications to gather reports of ice and weather conditions from ships and other sources and to disseminate ice infor- mation to shipping is described. The importance of the ice and weather reports from ships is emphasized. Portrayal is made of ice conditions during 1953 in the vicinity of Newfoundland and the influence thereon of meteorological factors. The 1953 ice season in the North Atlantic was characterized for the thu-d successive year by the small number of bergs which drifted south of 48° N. Although the southern and eastern limits reached by the pack ice were about normal to the third week in March, a marked recession of those limits then followed. The steamer routes in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Strait of Belle Isle were opened unusually early. The lightness of the ice season may be attributed in part to the influence of certain meteorological conditions, namely, strong easterly winds which drove the pack ice and the bergs therem toward the coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador and into the bays and the absence of westerly winds of sufficient strength to drive the ice back into the Labrador Current before the ice melted. Tables of ice reports made to the International Ice Patrol, ice reconnaissance flight statistics, number of bergs annually drifting south of 48° N., since 1913, opening dates for the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Strait of Belle Isle (1946-53), and charts of sea surface isotherms and reported positions of ice are included. In the section on oceanography the surface circulation in the Grand Banks region during the ice patrol season of 1953 has been discussed on the basis of four dynamic topographic surveys which indicated the presence of currents adequate to transport bergs to areas of potential hazard to the steamer lanes if bergs had entered the surveyed area from the north. The circulation in the upper 1,000 meters in the Grand Banks region has been considered in greater detail by presentation of the volume and heat transports, mean temperature and minimum temper- ature observed in 1953 during 19 occupations of 10 selected sections across the Labrador Current. These have been compared with seasonal normal values where such normals are available and the figures for the 1953 deficiency in volume and heat transport have been given. The 12 occupations of the Bonavista triangle made during the past 6 years have been summarized as to volume of flow, mean temperature, minimum observed temperature, and heat transport for each of the 3 sides and approximate normal seasonal variation relationships devel- oped for these functions and for the percentage of the volume transport following the eastern branch of the Labrador Current. A new self-contained rapid response subsurface thermograph, which records temperatiu-e against depth down to 1,800 meters, has been described and the results of field tests have been discussed. Fourteen traces obtained before accidental destruction of the instru- ment have been shown with corresponding observations by reversing thermometers. The results indicate the presence of short period internal waves which are averaged out in the reversing thermometer- Nansen water bottle method. The temperature-salinity characteristics of the Labrador Current water, mixed water and Atlantic Current water found in the Grand Banks region in 1953 have been compared with the 8-year mean for the period 1934-41. The year-to-year changes in the position of the T-S points for several levels in each of the 3 water masses were investi- gated for the 6 postwar years 1948-53 but any steady trend which may be present was masked by the large year-to-year excursions of the points. Some slight freshening in the deeper levels, compared to prewar observations, was noted. Two more surveys in 1953 were added to the study of the relation- ship which is presumed to exist between the location of the northern boundary of Atlantic Current water in the Grand Banks region, the strength of the Labrador Current and the strength of the North Atlantic eddy as indicated by the difi'erence in sea level between Bermuda and Charleston. As with all the postwar observations, the 1953 measurements gave a poor agreement with the relationship developed for the prewar observations. The 1953 repetition of the section from South Wolf Island, Labrador, to Cape Farewell, Greenland, has been examined and the results presented. The abnormally vigorous circulation in the Labrador Sea which has characterized the last few years continued in 1953. The temperature minimum of the intermediate water was found to be warmer than dm-ing the period 1934-39. In this respect 1953 was like 1940-41 and all the postwar years except 1950. On the basis of the salinity maximum in the West Greenland Current the Irminger Current contribution to that current was judged to be negligibly small VI in 1953. The temperature of this portion of the West Greenland Current, however, remained fairly warm, so that on the basis of heat transport and assumed constant mean temperatures of the contribu- tary currents the Irminger Current contribution was about two-thu-ds of its normal volume transport. j x? i From measurements made on samples collected m the Grand Banks region in 1952 and from the section across the Labrador Sea m 1952 and 1953 it is concluded that the concentration of total phosphorus is rouo-hly characteristic of water masses though of doubtful utility as a tracCT of water masses. The distribution of phosphorus found m the southern Labrador Sea has been described. Vil TABLE OF CONTENTS Page „ , _--- xi Foreword "" " ' ^ International Ice Pa,trol 1953 Aerial Ice Observation Communications Ice Conditions 1953 Table of Ice Reports 1953 V~^"^~"a" Physical Oceanography of the Grand Banks region and the Labrador bea in 1953 FOREWORD This is the annual report of the International Ice Patrol for 1953. Annual reports have been published since 1913 with the exception of the World War I years. Although the International Ice Patrol was also suspended during the World War II years, ice conditions were observed and reported. These reports contain detailed information of ice conditions in the North Atlantic, ice movements and physical oceanography in the Grand Banks region and the Labrador Sea, and many other related subjects from year to year. For the history and development of the International Ice Patrol the reader is referred to the previous bulletins of this series. The purpose of the International Ice Observation and Ice Patrol Service in the North Atlantic is to afford transatlantic shipping maxi- mum protection from the danger of drifting ice. The basic problem of ice drifting into the shipping lanes during the spring and early sum- mer has not changed since the very fu-st ice patrol. However, new methods and techniques have constantly been sought for, always with the objective of providing greater safety for international shipping. The introduction of oceanography studies in the 1920's has been an important factor in contributing to the efficiency of ice patrol. The development of radar and the use of ahcraft for ice observation have also played a significant role. For a summary of ice conditions during 1953 the reader is referred to pao-es 10-15. For a summary of the physical oceanography of the Grand Banks region and the Labrador Sea in 1953, the reader is re- ferred to page 45. Authors of the section of this bulletin dealing with oceanography were Oceanographer Floyd M. Soule, LCDR A. J. Bush, and LT J. E. Murray. Other sections of the report were written by LT R. E. Lenczyk, USCG. XI INTERNATIONAL ICE PATROL 1953 The International Ice Observation and Ice Patrol Services in the North Atlantic Ocean for 1953 were conducted as usual by the United States Coast Guard carrying out the provisions of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, London, 1948, and the U. S. Code, Title 46, Sections 738-738d. The duty of Commander, International Ice Patrol to protect ship- ping from drifting ice entails a three-phase operation: (1) the contin- uous search for and location of all ice by the Ice Patrol planes (and cutters if needed), (2) the collection, plotting, and evaluation of the ice sighted and reported from all sources with the aid of oceanographic and meteorological data, and (3) the dissemination of ice information to shipping by means of scheduled ice broadcasts from Coast Guard Eadio, Argentia, Newfoundland (NIK), and daily ice reports from the United States Navy Hydrographic Office, Washington, D. C. Oceanography is a vaulable aid in the first two phases of the ice patrol operation. In planning ice observation flights, a knowledge of the currents and their branches in the Grand Banks region is a prime factor in determining the areas to be searched. To evaluate intelligently ice sightings and reports and the ice situation in general, the use of ocean- ography is invaluable. Capt. G. Van A. Graves, USCG, was Commander, International Ice Patrol for 1953 and had his headquarters at the United States Naval Station, Argentia, Newfoundland. Two long-range PBlG (B-17) type aircraft attached to the United States Coast Guard Air Detachment, Argentia, were made available for aerial ice observation. The United States Coast Guard Cutter Evergreen, a 180-foot tender class cutter, was assigned as oceanographic vessel and the United States Coast Guard Cutters Tampa and Achushnet were designated as surface patrol vessels. These two latter ships remained on standby in their home ports in the United States. The Evergreen conducted 4 oceanographic surveys during the regular season and 1 postseason survey in July. These oceanographic surveys are discussed in detail in another section of this bulletin. For the third successive year, it was not necessary to use the two cutters assigned for ice patrol, thereby keeping the cost of operation to a minimum. The United States Coast Guard Air Detachment, Argentia, New- foundland, began intermittent preseason ice reconnaissance flights over the Grand Banks area and to the north on 10 February, at the 1 request of Commander, International Ice Patrol. Results of these flights indicated that the ice situation was normal, and that there was no immediate threat to shipping in February or early March. An advance party arrived at Ai-gentia on 3 March to open the Ice Patrol Office, and the fu-st ice observation flight w^as flown on 6 March. Commander, International Ice Patrol arrived with the remainder of his staff on 9 March, and United States Coast Guard Radio Station, Argentia (NIK), opened on 14 March to receive sea water tempera- tures, weather and ice reports from shipping. Twice daily reports of ice conditions to the United States Hydrographic Office, Washington, D. C, w^ere commenced the same day, and NIK ice broadcasts to shipping were begun 19 March. The major feature of the 1953 ice season was the fact that a potential threat of major proportions existed in mid-March, but only a minor threat developed, and instead of expanding in April and May, as is normal, this threat rapidly vanished by the end of March. At mid- March, the berg concentrations and the pack ice limits were similarly menacing as those of 1948 and 1950, the heaviest recent ice years. By the end of March, the ice situation compared favorably with 1951 and 1952, two of the lightest ice years on record. This complete reversal of form is attributed to three events in the latter part of March: (1) On 10 March, a low-pressure area passed just south of the ice limits bringing easterly winds of 35 to 40 knots for 2 days, thus driving the pack ice and bergs therein toward the coast, and removing all but 3 bergs from the east branch of the Labrador Current. (2) This was followed by an extensive stationary high which remained in the area for the next 10 days producing sunny and mild weather this whole period, thus melting and thinning the pack ice and warming the surrounding waters. (3) This period of unseasonably warm weather was followed by a slowly moving low just south of the ice limits causing easterly winds of 35 to 40 knots for 3 days, thus further reducing the already thinned and weakened pack ice offshore of Newfoundland, and driving the suspected heavy concentration of bergs to the north toward the coast and into the bays removing w4iat chance they may have had of reaching the steamer tracks. Of the many bergs just north of 48°00' N., only 3 remained in the Labrador Current and moved south, and of the 3, 2 bergs, in the form of a small berg and 2 growlers, reached track C, having traveled about 435 miles in 12 days, a rate of 36 miles per day. (See fig. 1 .) This was the only ice to reach the shipping lanes w^hich pass under the Tail of the Banks and was last sighted as 1 growler and 1 disintegrated growler in position 42°37' N., 50°22' W. These two growlers soon melted, and no other ice moved south of 48°00' N., along the east slope of the Grand Banks. The other bergs moved toward the coast and into the bays or grounded on the north sector of the Banks and then drifted slowly to the south-southwest until disintegration. The cycle of the threat of ice to shipping, the gradual expansion of the threat, and its gradual diminishing normally requires 3 months, but in 1953, this cycle was completed in less than 2 weeksi Figure 1. — Observed drift of three bergs in 1953. For the remainder of the season, a few bergs drifted singly to a position near the northeast slope of the Grand Banks, but none managed to drift farther south. Instead, these bergs either drifted to the northeast until melting, or grounded on the north edge of the Banks and drifted slowly south-southwest until disintegration. Also there were occasional bergs drifting south close along the Avalon Penmsula. Figure 1 shows the track of one of these bergs. Although these bergs were not a menace to the more southerly routes, their movement was closely watched because some vessels were using track F and because of the usual coastal traffic. There was some concern durmg April that a weather system producing strong westerly winds just north of the Grand Banks might blow the remaining pack ice with the numerous bergs entrapped therein from the bays and close along shore out to sea and into the Labrador Current. No such storm developed, and actually, the prevailing wind direction for April was easterly. The pack ice had thinned and receded sufficiently by the end of April to prevent any such threat. The Newfoundland pack ice attained maximum southern and eastern limits on 20 March, when a tongue extended from the main pack at about 48°00' N., to latitude 46°45' N., approximately along the 100-fathom curve on the east slope of the Banks. For the first time in 3 years, pack ice closed the port of St. John's Newfoundland, and extended as far south as Cape Race. Scattered strings and patches of field ice extended about 80 miles south from the main tongue and about 20 miles south of Cape Race and west into Placentia Bay. From 20 March to the end of the month there was a remarkable and very significant recession of the pack ice limits, and by the middle of April the only pack ice remaining was close alongshore north and west of Cape Freels, Newfoundland. This ice persisted until the middle of May. By the first of June, there was no pack ice below 54°35' N., and northward the pack was close alongshore, light, and discontinuous. The limits of pack ice in comparison with other years was normal untU 20 March. From then on, the limits were con- siderably less than normal. A flight was made on 6 June from Ai-gentia to the north along the Newfoundland and Labrador coasts to Cape Chidley and sighting the southern part of Hudson Strait, in order to determine the number of bergs in this particular annual crop which had survived to 1953. Combining the total number of bergs counted on this flight with other bergs known to have come south during 1953, it is estimated that this number was 450, or only slightly above the annual average number of bergs that drift south of 48°00' N. As the berg mortality is known to be high along the Labrador coast^ this hmited number of bergs precluded anything but a light vear in 1953. -^ A total of 56 bergs drifted south of 48°00' N., 16 south of 47°00' N and 4 south of 46°00' N., in 1953. The southernmost berg sighted was at 43°42' N., 48°37' W., and the southernmost ice sighted was two growlers at 42°37' N., 50°22' W. A record of the number of bergs drifting south of 48°00' N., has been kept annually since 1913 and is Hsted for comparison in table 1. The annual average of bergs drifting south of 48°00' N., from 1913 through 1952 is 397. For the past 3 successive years, the number of bergs south of 48°00' N., has been much less than average. As a matter of fact, it can be seen from table 1 that the total of 76 bergs for the past 3 years is considerably less than the average number of bergs for a single year. Since 1913 there is only 1 other 3-year stretch of very light ice years, 1940-42. This 3-year period was immediately preceded and followed by very heavy years. It will be interesting to see what type of ice season 1954 brings. The Gulf of St. Lawrence had one of its lightest ice seasons m history. The Canadian Department of Transport began daily Table 1 —RECORD OF THE NUMBER OF BERGS DRIFTING SOUTH OF 48° N., ANNUALLY, 1913-53 Esti- mated number . bergs crossing 48° N. Position of most southerly berg Pack ice season as a whole Year North latitude West longitude 1913 - 550 731 468 54 38 199 317 445 746 523 236 11 109 345 389 515 1,351 475 13 514 216 560 875 22 470 664 850 2 2 30 840 700 1,083 430 63 523 47 460 6 14 56 43 02 40 55 41 56 41 50 41 40 40 32 41 00 41 05 39 08 41 11 41 35 40 57 42 43 41 08 41 09 40 28 45 50 41 30 43 21 42 28 41 00 45 35 42 10 40 23 47 38 52 37 49 10 44 32 49 05 49 32 51 28 48 30 48 18 49 50 48 38 49 45 47 58 48 42 47 22 52 24 47 35 50 42 50 28 49 00 47 40 49 45 48 53 1914 1915 1916 .-- - Brief, below normal. 1917 _ -- 1918 1919 1920 - 1921 1922 - - 1923 1924 1925 Limited extent, below normal. 1926 1927 1928 Brief, below normal. Widespread, above normal. 1929 1930 - Brief, below normal. 1931 1932 -- 1933 -- 1934 Widespread, compact, above normal. Brief, below normal. 1935 1936 --- 1937 -- Lons continued, above normal. 1938 1939 Position 60 miles JDo. 1940 - south of 47 42 46 18 41 38 41 51 41 25 40 54 40 50 41 19 46 13 43 10 46 33 47 45 43 42 track A. 50 57 52 56 48 37 50 22 47 00 40 26 46 42 45 16 53 55 47 57 47 35 47 59 48 37 1941 Limited extent, below normal. Long continued, above normal. 1942 1943 1944 Brief, below normal. 1945 1946 1947 1948 Brief, below normal. 1949 Average. 1950 -- Do. 1951 Brief, below normal. 1952 Normal to third week in March. Marked recession followed to end of season 1953 .303589—55- observation flights over the Gulf of St. Lavprence on 1 April, and at the very early date of 2 April reported that the steamer tracks for Cabot Strait to the St. Lawrence River and to Montreal were navigable. By 15 April all the gulf and river routes were open to navigation except the Strait of Belle Isle, which was navigable by 11 May, also a very early opening date. The ice situation in the Gulf of St. Lawrence is of much interest, for many requests are received from shipping for ice information in the gulf and on the river route. Table 2 below lists the approximate opening dates of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Strait of Belle Isle. Tabic 2.— THE APPROXIMATE OPENING DATES FOR THE GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE AND THE STRAIT OF BELLE ISLE FOR THE YEARS 1946-53 Year Gulf of St. Lawrence Strait of Belle Isle Year Gulf of St. Lawrence Strait of Belle Isle 1946 24 Apr. 26 Apr. 21 May 28 Apr. 1 June 15 May 7 June 20 June 1950 1951 _ 16 May 39 Apr. 16 May 15 Apr. 9 June 1947 --- 2 May 3 July 1948 1952 1949 - -- - 1953 . 11 May Aerial ic3 observation flights on 1 June revealed just one offshore berg south of 53°00' N., in position 48°10' N., 51°00' W. This berg was first sighted at the end of April in position 52°10' N., 51°43' W., and had drifted south in the Labrador Current at 10 mUes per day. (See fig. 1.) Its position on the banks and out of the main Labrador Current, its small size, and the warming of the water all reduced greatly the possibility of this berg ever reachmg the shipping lanes. Conse- quently, the services of the International Ic3 Patrol for 1953 were terminated on 6 June. Although the International Ice Patrol is terminated annually when it is apparent that shipping is safe from the menace of ice for the remainder of the year. Commander, International Ice Patrol keeps himself informed of the ice situation throughout the year. A plot of aU ice reported during the off-season is maintained and occasionally the United States Coast Guard Air Detachment, Argsntia, makes post- season ice reconnaissance flights at the request of Commander, Inter- national Ice Patrol to insure that the steamer tracks remain ice free. Such a flight was made on 29 December in connection with two large bergs reported at 49°30' N., 50°30' W., on 24 December. The two bergs were not sighted on this flight which scouted the area to the south and southeast of the reported position of the bergs. Subsequent ice reconnaissance flights made in January 1954 to locate and determine the drift of these two bergs, as well as any other ice in the area, will be discussed in the 1954 Ice Bulletin of this series. AERIAL ICE OBSERVATION In 1953, two PBlG (B-17) aircraft assigned to the United States Coast Guard Air Detachment, Argentia, Newfoundland, performed the ice observation flights, supplemented by PBY's when advan- tageous. The persistence of bergs in potentially dangerous positions and along the east coast of Avalon Peninsula throughout the season requhed frequent ice observation flights. A qualified ice observer was assigned to each ice observation flight. The ice patrol aircraft were equipped with two automatic-trackmg loran receivers, and a continuous watch was maintained on both receivers during flights to insure precise navigation. The flights were ordinarily planned a day in advance, and were laid out usually with legs 25 miles apart. The scouting interval was increased or decreased as° necessary to fit special situations, mainly the changing visibility conditions. There was a total of 45 ice observation flights made on 38 different days. On 7 occasions, 2 flights were flown the same day. Of the 45 flights, 13 had a visual effectiveness of 50 percent or less. The visual effectiveness of a flight is the ratio of the area actually visuaUy searched to the araa planned to be searched, usually on the basis of 12^ miles visibility. The actual effectiveness of a flight may be much greater than the visual effectiveness by means of a concurrent radar search and diverting from the planned track to attempt identification of radar targets. It is considered that there were 32 days out of a possible 88, from 6 March to 1 June mclusive, with satisfactory weather for observation in flight areas. On a monthly basis, there were 13 good observation days m March from the sixth to the end of the month, 9 in Aprfl, and 8 in May. June is not included due to the termination of aerial ice observation on the sLxth of that month. Ten of the eleven flights in March had a visual eft'ectiveness greater than 50 percent. In Aprfl and May, 9 of 13 and 10 of 17 flights respectively had a visual effectiveness greater than 50 percent. March was the best month for flight observation, and as the percentage of fog over the Grand Banks graduaUy increased during the season, Aprfl and May were progressively worse flight months. For a closer study of flight statistics, see table 3 below. Tabic 3 -AERIAL OBSERVATION FLIGHTS AND WEATHER DURING THE 1954 ICE SEASON Month March (6-31) April May June (1-6)-- Totall953.- Satisractory flight days Number of flights Actual flight days Flights 50 percent visual effect or less Average visual effect Percent 85 64 61 72 71 Miles flown 12, 130 13,460 16, 200 5,270 47, 060 COMMUNICATIONS Commander, International Ice Patrol used United States Coast Guard Radio Argentia, Newfoundland (NIK), for communicating with shipping. In January 1953, the Coast Guard Search and Rescue Group, Argentia, was established and also assigned the call NIK. In the past. Radio Station NIK had been used exclusively by the International Ice Patrol, so that when NIK opened to serve the Search and Rescuis Group, many ships thought that ice patrol had begun, when actually NIK was not used by the ice patrol until 14 March. The Search and Rescue Group and the International Ice Patrol both used the same radio call NIK throughout the 1953 season. At the end of the season, as a result of Commander, International Ice Patrol's recommendation, the radio call NIK was assigned exclusively for ice patrol use, and a different call was assigned to the Search and Rescue Group so no future difficulty is anticipated. Radio Station NIK was secured by Commander, International Ice Patrol on 6 June until the 1954 ice season. Ice bulletins were broadcast twice daily at 0048 and 1248 G. M. T., beginning 19 March to the end of the ice season, on frequencies 155, 5320, and 8502 kilocycles after preliminary call on 500 kilocycles. The frequency 8502 kilocycles replaced 8425 on 15 April. Special ice bulletins were broadcast on a few occasions when the ice situation warranted them. Twice daily ice reports to the United States Hydrographic Office, Washington, D. C, were begun 14 March and continued to the end of the season, for inclusion in the United States Navy Radio, Washington (NSS), daily ice information bulletins at 0430 and 1630 G. M. T. The twice daily reports were also sent to the Canadian Ice Information Officer, Canadian Department of Transport, Halifax, Nova Scotia, and the NIK ice broadcasts were sent to the Royal Canadian Naval Radio Station, Albro Lake (CFH), for inclusion in their hydrographic broadcasts. If a vessel failed to receive desired ice information from any of the above methods of dis- semination, the vessel could simply call NiK on 500 or 8280 kilocycles and ask for special ice information on the working frequence of 468 or 8250 kilocycles. There was a gratifying increase in cooperation from merchant ves- sels in the submitting of sea water temperatm-e, weather, and ice re- ports. The number of sea water temperatures submitted was almost double that of 1952, and the number of reporting vessels increased by more than 50 percent. Commander, International Ice Patrol ex- tends his heartiest thanks to all ship masters for their splendid coop- eration. These reports are an invaluable source of oceanographic and meteorological data, and are mutually beneficial to shipping and to the International Ice Patrol. All sea water temperatures are plotted, and a surface isotherm is constructed every fortnight during 8 59° 58 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° Figure 2— Surface isotherms for the period 13-31 Marcli 1953. 303589 O - 55 ( Face p. 8) No. 1 Commande: Guard Radio with shipping. Group, Argen In the past, . International Search and E begun, when March. The Patrol both m At the end of Patrol's recon for ice patrol Rescue Grouf NIK was secu until the 1954 Ice bulletin beginning 19 . 5320, and 85i The f requeue, ice bulletins w warranted th Hydrographic continued to 1 Navy Radio, 0430 and 1631 the Canadiar Transport, H; sent to the Re for inclusion i receive desirec semination, tb and ask for sp 8250 kilocycle There was ) sels in the sul ports. The n double that o by more than tends his hear eration. The and meteorolc to the Interr plotted, and a 54 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° Figure 3— Surface isotherms for the period 1-15 April 1953. 303589 O - 55 ( Face p. 8) No. 2 Commai Guard Ra with shippi Group, Ar In the pas Internatioi Search anc -X^^jll — . begun, whi March. 1 Patrol botl At the end Patrol's re( for ice pat] Rescue Gr- NIK was s until the 1 Ice bulle , j beginning \ 5320, and " |, V_,: The frequf ice bulletin warranted Hydrograp continued i "" .. - Navy Rad 0430 and 1 the Canad Transport, sent to the for inclusic * / receive des semination and ask foi 8250kiloc:y ' There w; —' r\ , ^ sels in the '- — -^ ''. ports. Th ~'W>^ double tha ' by more tb / , tends his h / \ N eration. 1 and meteoi to the Int 7^-- -/LI. plotted, an 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° ^^° Sf ^.°° .•^,^° .^° ^'^° '^'°° '^f '^° . . .^ \ 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° Figure 4— Surface isotherms for the period 16-30 April 1953. 303589 O - 55 ( Face p. 8) No. 3 Coir Guard with si Group In the Intern Search begun, March Patrol At the Patrol for ice Rescue NIKv until t Icel beginn 5320, The fi ice bul warrar Hydro contim Navy 0430 a the C Transj sent to for inc receive semina and as 8250 k The] sels in ports, double by mo tends 1 eratioE and mi to the plottec 303589 O - 55 ( Face p. 8) No. 4 G Vi G I] I] S b P A P f( E ]S u b 5. T ic ■w E 0 tl T S( f( S( a 8: S( P d b t( e] a: t( P 303589 O - 55 ( Face p. 8) No. 5 the season. These charts are valuable to the ice patrol, for they in- dicated the general features of the Labrador and the Atlantic Cur- rents, in the important area where they meet near the Tail of the Grand Banks. Trends in the ever changing currents and their branches can be spotted quickly from sea water temperature reports. The weather reports, particularly the visibility and the wind direc- tion and force, are extremely useful to Commander, International Ice Patrol in planning ice observation flights. The isotherm charts for the 1953 season are shown in figures 2 to 6 inclusive. Although flights are usuallj^ planned a day in advance on the basis of weather forecasts by the United States Navy Fleet Weather Central, Argentia, all ship weather reports in the vicinity of the planned flight area are carefully scrutinized, especially the morning of a flight. As a result, flight plans have been advantageously altered on the basis of these valuable weather reports. Also, in forecasting berg drift, the wind du'ection and force as well as the surface ocean currents must be known. Finally, but most important of all, the regular reports every 4 hom's from ships include position, course, and speed and are an im- portant aid to Commander, International Ice Patrol in performing his duty to protect shipping from the danger of ice. The Ice Patrol Office maintains a plot of all reporting ships, and so can warn individual vessels, directly, of the presence of ice in or near their tracks. Thus the reporting ship receives the maximum protection from ice and the ice patrol receives valuable information not otherwise available. During the 1953 season NIK sent or received 5,510 radio messages and 12,179 landline messages. A tabulation of reports received for the entire season is as follows: Total number of ships sending reports 401 Number of ice reports 244 Total number of ships sending ice reports 119 Nimiber of water temperatures 4, 438 Total number of ships sending water temperatures 335 Total number of ships requesting special reports 56 Total number of weather reports relayed to Observer, Wash_ 620 The following is a list of the percentage distribution of reporting vessels by nationality. A total of 24 nations are represented: Percent Great Britain 27. 0 United States » 27. 0 Norway 8. 5 Netherlands 7. 8 Germany 4. 8 Italy 4. 5 Sweden 4. 5 Canada 3. 2 France 2. 8 Panama 2. 5 Other (14 nations). -.. 7. 4 ' Includes 45 percent military. 9 In 1953, at the request of Commander, International Ice Patrol, the Commander, Eastern Area, USCG, conducted a survey of trans- atlantic shipping in the port of New York. Questionnaires were sent to vessels inviting comments and criticism of the services of the ice patrol. A similar sm*vey among ships using the port of Halifax was conducted in 1952 by the Canadian Department of Transport. While these surveys cannot be considered all-inclusive, it is believed that a good cross section of ship operator's opinion was obtained. The suggestions and criticisms received are an aid to Commander, International Ice Patrol in improving the services of the ice patrol. Suggestions and criticisms from mariners are always welcome and should be addressed to the Commandant, U. S. Coast Guard, Wash- ington 25, D. C. ICE CONDITIONS 1953 JANUARY-FEBRUARY The first ice sighting in the Newfoundland area was on 15 February showing scattered patches of field ice westward from 52°10' W., be- tween 48''39' N., and 49°45' N. On 20 February the pack ice extended as far south as 49°00' N., and eastward to 51°25' W., which was normal for this time of year. On 21 and 22 February close pack ice extended eastward to 50°40' W., between latitudes 51°30' N., and 52°30' N., and eastward to 50°00' W., between latitudes 49°00' N., and 49°30' N. Also on the 22d numerous bergs and growlers, the southermost in position 49°25' N., 50°45' W., were sighted. On the 23d an extensive area of field ice at 48°24' N., 50°07' W., was reported. The pack ice was on the move to the east and south. Scattered strings and patches were reported as far south as 46°08' N., at 49°10' W., on 24 February. This was the most southed}^ and most easterly ice reported for Janu- ary and February. The pack now extended east to 49°30' W., at latitude 48°00' N., and was close pack west of 51°30' W. On 29 February scattered field ice was reported east to 49°32' W., at 49°16' N., and east to 49°16' W., at 48°21' N. On 28 February the limits of close pack ice were determined to be a line from 50°20' N., 50°50' W., to 52°22' N., 51°00' W., and showed an easterly movement of about 30 miles in the past week. There were no known icebergs south of 49°00' N. Limits of pack ice and berg ice were about average with the exception that there was no pack ice or field ice along the east coast of Avalon Peninsula, New- foundland. Distribution of ice for February is shown in figure 7. MARCH The results of preseason aerial ice reconnaissance and other ice reports in February 1953 showed the possibility of a normal ice year, year. If the pack ice continued to move southeast along the east 10 slope of the Grand Banks, the entrained bergs would soon be an active danger to shipping. On 3 March, a 25-mile-wide tongue of open to close pack ice extended along to 100-fathom curve to a southern extremity of 47°22' N,, at 48°50' W. The pack ice was definitely moving south. On 6 March the tongue of the pack ice had receded to the north-northwest about 80 miles, and had been reduced in width to 8 miles. The pack ice quicldy expanded to its maximum limits during the third week of March and then literally vanished before the end of the month. By 20 March the pack ice covered the north sector of the Banks to about the 48th parallel with a tongue extending south along the east slope to 46°45' N., 47°10' W., the southernmost and easternmost extension of the pack for 1953, and another tongue extending just south of Cape Spear close along the Newfoundland coast. For the first time in 3 years the port of St. John's was closed to shipping. Within a few days scattered strings of ice extended to 45°30' N., along the east slope of the Banks, and the tongue close along the Avalon Peninsula ex- tended to Cape Race; however, the main pack was rapidly disinte- grating. By the end of March practically the whole Grand Banks area was clear of all ice. The ice situation was now comparable to those of 1951 and 1952, two of the lightest ice years on record. It is estimated that 21 bergs penetrated south of 48°00' N., during the month, or more than the yearly totals of 1951 and 1952 which were 6 and 14 respectively. It is also estimated that 4 bergs came south of 47°00' N., and 2 south of 46°00' N. One small berg and 2 growlers drifted into the major transatlantic shipping lanes, tracks C and D. The southernmost ice reported was the growler at 42°37' N., 50°22' W., on 28 March. The limits of pack ice for March were about normal compared to the average limits in the Ice Atlas for March. The limits and number of bergs were both greater than the averages in the Ice Atlas. Distri- bution of ice is shown in figure 8. On 3 March close pack ice in the Gulf of St. Lawrence area extended inshore of a line from Cape des Hosiers to 48°40' N., 62°50' W., south to a position 20 miles east of North Pt., Prince Edward Island, to St. Paul Island. By 10 March practically the whole area of the gulf west of longitude 62°00' W., was covered with newly formed ice which was to be the maximum ice limits for the year in that area. By 24 March there had been considerable improvement in the ice conditions in the gulf. At that time the steamer track between Cape Ray and Fame Point was practically clear, and the pack ice in the western and southwestern Gulf was now reported as open pack. By 30 March the St. Lawrence River was navigable to Montreal, and by 31 March the steamer track between Fame Point and Cape Ray was clear except for loosely scattered strings of drift ice to 30 miles east of Cape des Rosiers. n APRIL The recession of ice which began in the latter part of March con- tinued in April. By 7 April the pack ice had receded to the New- foundland coast at Cape St. Francis extending due north from this southern limit, and there were no offshore bergs south of 49°00' N. Three bergs that might possibly move south toward the shipping lanes were sighted on 13 April in the vicinity of 49°00' N., between longitudes 51°00' W., and 51°42' W. Two of these bergs subse- sequently drifted to the southwest onto the Banks, and the other drifted southeast to 48°30' N., then to the northeast about 40 miles where it disintegrated. No other bergs moved into a potentially threatening position during April. Near the end of the month there were only two offshore bergs south of 52°00' N., that might possibly drift to the northeast slope of the Banks and south toward the shipping lanes. The pack ice had receded northward and westward to Cape Freels and Fogo Island and had thinned sufficiently to preclude the possibility of any westerly wind driving numbers of bergs to the area northeast of the Grand Banks and thereby threatening the major tracks. Any ice tlireat to shipping in 1953 would now have to originate from the area north of 50°00' N., in the Labroador Current. Passage through the Strait of Belle Isle was possible as early as 27 April, although a northerly wind could have filled the Strait with field ice in hours. At that time about 60 percent of the strait was covered with close pack ice, and the area to westward was clear. The prospect of a very early opening of the Strait of Belle Isle to shipping was very good. It is estimated that 11 bergs drifted south of 48°00' N., during the month, but all 11 were in Trinity or Conception Bay or close along shore of the Avalon Peninsula. Two bergs drifted south of 47°00' N., both grounding on the east coast of Avalon Peninsula just south of 47°00' N. The limits of pack ice and field ice for April were much less than average, and the limits and number of bergs were less than the averages in the Ice Atlas. Distribution of ice is shown in figure 9. In the Gulf of St. Lawrence the rapid disintegration of ice that began in the third week of March continued in April. Observation on 1 April showed that the steamer track from Cabot Strait to the St. Lawrence River was clear of all ice. The St. Lawrence River was reported navigable to Montreal by reinforced vessels. The only ice remaining in the gulf was close pack ice in Northumberland Strait north to Chaleur Bay and open pack ice from the Strait of Canso to East Point, Prince Edward Island. A day later the St. Lawrence River had only some light scattered ice and was therefore reported navigable to all ships. This early opening date is almost without precedent. By 15 April all routes and ports in the River and Gulf of St. Lawrence were reported open to navigation except the Strait 12 of Belle Isle. The only ice remaining was some loosely scattered ice in the western portion of Northumberland Strait which persisted until 24 April. tAAY With the disintegration of the pack ice as far north as Cape Freels by the end of April, some bergs close along the coast were free to drift slowly south along the east coast of Newfoundland. This move- ment began in early May and continued throughout the month. Some bergs drifted south to Cape Race, Newfoundland, where they disintegrated, 2 bergs drifted just past Cape Race and south of 46°00' N., and 1 berg rounded Cape Race and grounded in Trepassey Bay. In early May the pack ice was practically nonexistent as far north as 54°30' N., although loosely scattered strings and patches of field ice extended as far seaward as 150 miles north of 52°00' N. Numerous bergs and growlers were sighted within 75 miles of the coast from Belle Isle to Hamilton Inlet, Labrador. A total of eight bergs were sighted between 51°00' N., and 52°00' N., in a position to drift south and perhaps become potential menaces to shipping. Only two of these bergs did drift south however. They advanced at a rate of about 10 miles per day to a position ofl" the northeast slope of the Banks. The same fate, however, befell these bergs as a few others before them, for neither managed to remain in the Labrador Current for the trip south along the east slope of»the Banks. One berg was last reported 18 May as a small berg in a position to the southwest of the Labrador Current near 48°00' N., 50°00' W., where it melted within 3 days. The other berg was a large tabular berg and seemed headed for and able to survive the trip south to the shipping lanes. As late as 21 May the berg was sighted on the northeast slope of the Banks where the oceanographic surveys in the earlier part of May and the latter part of May showed an easterly flow of the Labrador Current. However, the berg was sighted 2 days later about 15 miles to the west-northwest and consequently sightings and reportings showed a westerly drift until the end of the month. There were no other known offshore bergs south of 51°00' N., at the end of May. By the end of May all the bergs that had drifted south of Cape St. Francis along the east coast of Avalon Peninsula had disintegrated except for one small berg aground near Cape Broyle. There were still many bergs in the bays and close along shore to the north, but these bergs could never be threats to the United States-European shipping lanes, and it was very doubtful that they could even threaten track F. It was simply a matter of time until the bergs melted. The Strait of Belle Isle and track G to eastward were clear of all ice except scattered bergs and growlers by 12 May, although it is believed that the strait was navigable at least a week earlier. This is one of the earliest openings of the Strait of Belle Isle on record. (See table 13 II.) The pack ice persisted in Notre Dame Bay until the middle of the month, but by the end of the third week of May, the few scattered fragments of ice off the Newfoundland Coast had disintegrated. It is estimated that 18 bergs drifted south of 48°00' N., 10 bergs drifted south of 47°00' N., and 2 bergs drifted south of 46°00' N., during the month. The limits of pack ice and the limits and number of bergs were much less than average. Distribution of ice is shown in figure 10. JUNE On 1 June there was only one offshore berg south of 54°00' N., this berg being the one on the northern sector of the Banks mentioned previously. The berg was at 48°10' N., 51°09' W., a position 10 miles southwest of the reported position for 31 May. Its position, its small size and the warmness of the water precluded any possibility of its reaching the shipping lanes south of track F. The only other bergs were close alongshore and concentrated mostly around Fogo Island, Belle Isle, and Spotted Island. There was no pack ice or field ice south of 54°00' N. On 6 June 178 bergs were counted from Notre Dame Bay to Hudson Strait. There was a significant absence of bergs north of 57°00' N., and the few that were sighted to the north were mostly small bergs and probably stragglers of the 1953 crop. Only 20 of these bergs were considered offshore bergs, or in the Labrador Current and likely to move further south, and no really large bergs were seen. The south- ern limit of the pack ice was 54°35' N., and from here to 58°30' N., the pack was close alongshore, light and discontinuous. North of 58°30' N., the pack extended to 70 miles offshore, becoming closer and heavier to northward. The lone offshore berg south of 54°00' N., was last sighted 15 June in position 48°40' N., 51°20' W., and is believed to have disintegrated a day or two later, as it was neither sighted nor reported again. It is estimated that six bergs drifted south of 48°00' N., during June, all in the vicinity of Cape St. Francis. The pack ice and berg limits and concentrations were much less than average. Distribution of ice is shown in figure 11. JULY-NOVEMBER During July a few bergs were reported inshore along the coasts of Labrador and Newfoundland. In addition, offshore bergs were reported as follows: one at 49°15' N., 52°13'W., one at 49°35' N., 52°40' W., and several more bergs north of 54°00' N. No ice drifted south of 49°00' N., durmg the month. No ice was reported south of 51°00' N. during August, the southern- most being a large offshore berg at 51°05' N., 51°40' W. A few more offshore bergs drifted to positions south of 53°00' N., about 150 miles 14 49°ff 48° AT 59» 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43' y "v. ^as- \P^ X~^. — V ■ i i:j c.V Nil ^; p«\»"i"" "i"T»/to "!"■'%,.. \ 40° 39' "'«/™i„„ mikuJw* >* ice chart febf;uary 57° 56° 55° 54° 53" 52' 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° Figure 7 — Ice conditions, February 1953. Figures indicate day of month ice was sighted or reported. 44° 43° 303S89 303589 O - 55 ( Face p. 1') No. 1 II.) The ps the month, 1: fragments oi It is estin drifted soutJ during the n of bergs weri figure 10. On 1 June berg being 1 previously, southwest oi size and the reaching the were close a Belle Isle, ai of 54°00' N. On 6 June Strait. Th( and the few probably sti considered c move furthe ern limit of the pack w; 58°30' N., tl heavier to n The lone < in position 4 a day or twc It is estii June, all in limits and c< of ice is sho^ During Ji Labrador a reported as 52°40' W., I south of 49° No ice wa: most being { offshore berj 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° 303SB9 Figure 8 — Ice conditions, March 1953. Figures indicate day of month ice was sighted or reported. 303589 O - 55 ( Face p. 14) No. 2 II.) then "f'?' "-'^ ^• fragn It driftf durin of bei figure On berg previ south size £ reach were Belle of 54' On Strail and t' proba consi( move ern li the p 58°30 heavi Th. in pos a day It i June, limits of ice Du Labra reporl 52°40 south No most 1 offsho ■ ■■■'1 — r-1- 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54' 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51' 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° Figure 9 — Ice conditions, April 1953. Figures indicate day of month ice was sighted or reported. 303589 O - 55 ( Face p. 14) No. 3 11.) the n fragE It drift( durir of be figiir( On berg previ south size I reach were Belle of 54 On Straii and t prob£ consii move ern li the p 58°3C heavi Th in pos a day It June, limits of ice Du Labn repor 52°40 south No most oflfsho 9> ■3^ ■ ■•"■ t. 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 4 9° 41 B° 4 7° 46° 45° 44° 43° 49° f GENERAL CHART c^\ &>i,%'; ,1 , ' ^ - : 'ft GRAND BANKS c / ' Q - ' '1'S - — - - ^ •^ - '■---.. \ / ' ; \ ; ' . "'^ ''^ ; ^ ^ , , 44" 44 ■'<:'.j V-s' ' ^ ';, ,;-'o ■ IT 43" " •\-.- '' 1 r — - ' ,<< "■<"r«i >>„ 42° -^r? ^\r f% A * » % ^» .•% 5-1 • -« 41° ^ — /ir i-» -| f-1 •-I ICE CHART \ % ♦ # Mi\Y 1953 40 V* V /jn° X; ^ ^ iinlnnW 39 39° )9° E )8° 5 7° e 6° "^ 55 ■■ 5 4° 5 3° 5 2° J 1° 5 0° 4 9* ^ e° 4 7° 46'' 45° 44° 43° Figure 10 — -Ice conditions, May 1953. Figures indicate day of month ice was sighted or reported 303589 O - 55 ( Face p. 14) No. 4 n.) the E fragr It drift( durir of be figun On berg previ soutl size s reach were Belle of 54 On Strai and t probj consi' move ern li the [ 58°3C heavi Th m poi a day It June, lunits of ice Labn repor 52°40 south No most offshc 59" 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47 Figure 11 — Ice conditions, June 1953. Figures indicate day of month ice was sighted or reported 46° 45° 44° 43° 303589 303589 O - 55 ( Face p. 14) No. 5 II.) the: frag It drifl duri ofb figu: O berg pre^ sout size reac wen Bell of 5 0 Stra and prol cons moA ern the 58°: hea T inp a d£ I1 Jun limi of i< r Lai rep« 52°- sou ]S mos oflPs off the Labrador coast. Several inshore bergs were scattered from the Strait of Belle Isle north along the Labrador coast. Very little ice was reported during September and none south of the Strait of Belle Isle. Three bergs and many growlers were found in the strait and close in along the shore just to the north. A few more bergs were scattered off the Labrador coast north of 54°00' N. Only a few bergs scattered inshore along the coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador north of 49°00' N., were reported during October. There were no reports of ice south of 52°00' N., during November. Several inshore bergs were found to the north of that latitude along the Labrador coast. An interesting report was made of three bergs well to the southeast of Cape Farewell, Greenland, in position 58°00' N., 39°00' W. During the entire period, July-November, no pack ice was reported in the Newfoundland-Labrador area and no bergs drifted south of 48°00' N. The pack ice and berg limits and concentrations were less than average. DECEMBER The month of December was marked by an unusual situation to the east and southeast of Cape Farewell, Greenland. Between 12 and 23 December, approximately 17 bergs and a number of growlers were reported scattered in that area, roughly along a line from 56°32' N., 40°45' W., to 61°37' N., 33°10' W., and thus at or even outside the extreme limits of icebergs and growlers as shown in the Ice Atlas for that area during December.^ In the Newfoundland-Labrador area the only ice reported was two large bergs at 49°3C' N., 50°30' W., on the 24th. TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953 No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description Jan. 26 -..do.—. ...do Jan. 31 ...do ...do ...do use GC Campbell- do -.-.do. USCGCMcCulloch. do-. do do Feb. 16 Feb. 20 ...do..... ...do Feb. 21 USCG aircraft. .do- 58 37 58 35 58 39 60 02 59 42 59 22 59 03 48 39 49 45 49 00 43 20 42 56 42 06 36 29 37 21 37 45 38 26 52 10 52 10 51 25 do do USCGC Matagorda. to 50 30 I 51 30 to 51 00 I 51 35 to 51 30 I 50 40 , thence northwest 51 04 I 53 00 51 35 52 12 53 15 I 51 40 to west and south indefinitely 10 bergs in this position. 4 bergs and some growlers. Approximately 15 bergs in the vicinity. Small berg. Do. 5 small bergs. 2 small bergs. Scattered patches field ice becoming consolidated to westward from 52°10' W. between 48°39' N. and 49°45' N. lEast limits of open field ice. Growler. Medium berg. Limits of scattered field ice becoming consolidated to west. ' A probable cause of this uncommon ice distribution was the departure from normal of the sea level barometric pressure pattern in the area which caused strong northwesterly winds to predominate there during the 2 month period prior to mid-Dcc?mb2r. It is of interest to note that in October 1938 a similar ice distribution existed together with abnormal strong northwesterly winds. 15 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued No. Date Name of vessel Feb. 21 ...do..... ...do .do. .do. Feb. 22 .do. .do. .do. 23 27 29 36 .do. .do. USCGC Matagorda. do do .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ...do Feb. 23 .-do.... Feb. 24 .do. .do. .-do Feb. 25 ..do ...do..... Feb. 27 .do. Feb. 28 .do. 37 Mar. 3 .do. Cap Nord. do Loulsburg. Stockholm. use G aircraft. ....do -..-do.. -.--do USN aircraft. USCGC Rockaway. Stavangerfjord. US CO aircraft. .do. North latitude 52 20 52 25 52 34 52 02 West longitude Description 51 51 52 12 51 59 50 58 52 30 51 12 52 28 52 04 51 40 51 12 51 40 I 50 38 52 30 I 51 15 thence northwest 50 42 I 51 00 to 51 00 50 50 51 07 50 45 50 20 50 00 to 49 32 I 50 25 to 49 32 I 51 00 thence northwest 1 50 47 51 15 52 08 49 25 49 03 to 49 03 1 49 41 50 00 50 11 51 02 51 00 50 58 /49°00'N. to north 150°00'W. lowest.. 48 35 50 05 48 24 50 07 46 09 59 13 to 46 09 I 59 22 to North 46 08 I 49 10 to 48 04 I 50 12 48 CO I 49 30 to 48 30 I 51 20 thence North 48 20 I 51 30 toVVestandNorth 48 00 I 48 22 48 04 46 40 48 29 I to 49 30 49 50 51 02 49 16 48 13 49 32 50 08 48 22 I 49 40 to 48 21 49 18 49 16 53 23 Numerous growlers. 2 small bergs. Medium berg. ISast limits scattered drifts field ice be- I coming consolidated to west. Small berg. Area of close pack field ice. 5 mile area of close pack field ice. Strings scattered drift ice east-west. Small berg. Numerous growlers and 3 small bergs. iLimits area close pack ice. Radar target believed to be a growler. [Limits all ice. 53 20 I 52 10 to 50 20 I 50 50 to 52 22 I 51 00 Cape Smoky, Cape Breton to 46 15 I 59 49 to 46 15 I 59 10 to 46 25 I 58 35 thence northwest Large area field ice. Area open pack field ice. Southern limits open field ice. Gulf of I St. Lawrence. Field ice. ^Limits scattered field ice. [close field ice. Small patch drift ice. 2 small patches drift ice. String drift ice. Scattered field ice and several small bergs. •Light field ice. 'Limits close pack ice. iLimits of open pack ice, gulf area. 16 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued Date Mar. 3 Mar. 4 ..do. Mar. 5 Mar. 6 ...do. ...do Mar. 7 Mar. 11 ...do-.... ...do ...do..... ...do. .do. ...do. .do. ...do- ..do. ...do_ ...do_ ...do. .do. Mar. 12 ...do Name of vessel Canadian Department of Transport. use G aircraft. .do. USN aircraft. Ice Patrol plane. do do Mormacelm Topeka USN aircraft do Canadian Department of Transport. do.... USCGC Sebago.... Eastore USN aircraft. ... do do do do.. Narsarssuak AB. USN aircraft. USCGC Casco. Mormacisle North latitude West longitude Cape des Hosiers to 48 40 I 62 40 to 48 00 I 63 10 to 47 05 I 63 10 to 47 00 I 62 00 to St. Paul Island to 46 28 I 58 25 to Flint Island to Cape Smoky 48 20 I 50 10 to 47 25 I 49 08 to / 47 22 I 48 48 \ to 47 34 I 48 37 to 48 20 I 49 30 , thence northwest 47 45 I 52 00 to 47 23 I 52 00 53 45 I 52 50 to 53 10 I 52 50 to 52 00 I 52 30 to 51 30 I 51 30 , thence southeast 48 35 I 49 50 to north 1 48 40 I 51 30 to north 48 18 I 52 18 to northeast 10 miles 48 44 49 21 49 12 48 24 48 33 48 04 48 07 48 12 Gulf of St. Law- rence. .--.do --. 49 23 49 36 45 34 50 20 51 25 51 30 52 02 52 20 58 53 53 50 54 28 54 44 54 30 54 20 BW-3 Fjord - ^75 47 I 71 50 to 72 50 I 61 10 to 74 00 I 59 50 to Cape York to Conical Rock to Thule 48 14 49 08 48 27 49 36 Description Limits of newly formed ice. Limits of field Ice, 25 mile tongue de- . fined by listed points. Pack ranges / from open for 30 miles to close farther northwest. Scattered strings and patches field ice. iBoundary of pack ice. Open pack ice field 8 miles wide. Scat- tered patches and strings of drift ice to 15 miles south and 10 miles west of this pack ice. Scattered patches and strings of field Very loosely scattered strings slush ice. Detached ice field extending north and south to range of visibility and 2 miles east and west; 1 growler. Large berg. Growler. Berg. Almost complete coverage of gulf north of 4G°00' N. and west of 62°00' W. Strait of Canso, close pack ice. Narrow group of broken field ice patches 60 yards wide running in northwest direction. Large patches drift ice. Numerous bergs. Several bergs. Large bergs. Do. Do. Few bergs and growlers; seaward of BW-3, few bergs. \ Limits pack ice, ten tenths coverage. ' Some N-S irregular leads and cracks. SE limits tongue of loose field ice ex- tending to northwest. Field and slob ice running west-north- west to east southeast 8 miles wide, extends horizon to horizon. 17 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued No. Date Mar. 12 .--do—. Mar. 13 -do —do ...do ...do Mar. 14 ..do Mar. 15 ..do .-do- Name of vessel Canadian Department of Transport. USN aircraft -. Ice Patrol plane. ..-do... USCGLTS, Battle Har- bor, Labrador. Narsarssuak AB... USN aircraft. Mormacoak Unidentified aircraft. Sparreholm —-do Cape Race radio - North latitude West longitude Gulf of St. Law- rence. West Coast Green- land. I 47°47'N. between 48°08' W. and 47°27' W. East Coast of New- foundland. I Strait of Belle Isle.. Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland to Hamilton In- let, Labrador. Mar. 16 Ice Patrol plane -.do— do —do do . . -do do .-do do --do do -do.— do— -.do do -.do do . ... -do do- - -do do -do..— do - -do.— -do do do -do do -do-.-. do.-- -do.— . do -do— do -.-- -do— do -do do -do.— do- -do— -do -do do do... -.. do.- -do—., -do do - - do --.- -do do .-do -do do do.- — 47 25 toNW. 49 30 58 09 47 56 48 07 48 35 47 45 51 20 47 33 48 11 48 04 49 10 to 48 20 I 48 50 to 47 50 I 48 45 Cape St. Francis to 48 10 I 52 10 to 48 00 I 51 30 to 48 00 I 51 00 to 48 30 I 51 00 to 48 00 I 49 30 to 47 48 I 48 GO to 47 20 I 47 30 to 47 20 I 47 20 thence northwest 47 55 48 00 48 03 48 08 48 10 48 12 48 14 48 15 48 22 48 25 48 26 48 27 48 30 48 34 48 35 48 39 48. 40 48 42 48 43 48 44 48 45 48 46 48 48 48 52 48 54 48 56 48 57 49 00 48 02 47 32 48 03 52 03 49 35 49 43 49 35 52 04 52 04 52 12 51 25 51 57 50 06 51 52 52 03 52 05 50 05 50 38 50 15 51 49 51 53 51 10 50 24 51 43 51 43 51 43 51 20 51 40 Description No change from March 11th. Thule to Frobisher Bay, newly frozen ice with leads and polynyas oriented generally NE-SW. Southern limits of all field ice. Close pack ice extending east from coast of Newfoundland at 48°00' N to 52°10' W. then north. Sea ice. BW-3 Fjord, few growlers. Seaward of BW-3, few bergs. ^ ' i^ini Close to consolidated pack ice. Heavy field ice and numerous growlers; Large berg. ^Field ice, partly heavy. Berg. •Broken field ice. Tongue of field ice ranging from open to close pack at 4S°00' N. to solid farther Northwest. Growler. Berg (same as 72). Berg. Do. 2 growlers. Very large pinnacled terg. Berg. Growler. Do. 2 bergs. Berg. 5 growlers. Large dome berg. Berg. Large berg. Berg. Growler. 4 growlers. Large dome berg. Growler. Do. Do. Berg. Growler. Do. Do. Do. Berg. 18 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued No. 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 112 113 114 116 117 118 119 120 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 Date Mar. 16 do .,.do..... .do ...do .do .do..... ...do .do. -.do Mar. 17 ...do. ...do— ...do-.. ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... Name of vessel Ice Patrol plane. North latitude West longitude do do do.. do Narsarssuak AB. Gardenia USCQC Mackinac. Caimesk. .do... .do.... Mar. 18 .do. .do. .do. .do-... .do.... IJSCGC Mackinac. Narsarssuak AB — USCGLTS, Battle Har- bor, Labrador. Pajala - ....do- Ill'do"I--\"l"Il""-Ill do USCGLTS, Battle Har- bor, Labrador. USCGLTS, Bonavlsta, Newfoundland. Lyngenfjord- Area bounded by 49 00 to 49 10 49 03 49 05 49 07 49 11 51 00 to 51 40 51 43 50 50 50 38 51 42 BW-3 Fjord Motion Head, Newfoundland. 48 46 1 49 14 to 48 15 47 29 to 47 35 48 08 49 22 47 23 47 12 49 22 Strait of Belle Isle. 48 06 I 49 52 to Description 48 24 ■ 48 05 48 15 47 43 48 10 49 17 49 42 49 54 50 42 49 28 Canadian Department of Transport. ...do ...do..... Mar. 19 ...do..... .do. .do. ..do... ..do... ..do... .do. .do- USCGLTS, Battle Har- bor, Labrador. Gripsholm do Stavangerfjord... Narsarssuak AB. Cairngowan Narsarssuak AB. Alcoa Pioneer. do Strait of Belle Isle. Cape Bona vista 48 19 I 50 15 to 48 31 I 49 52 Cape des Hosiers to 49 00 I 63 40 to 48 00 I 61 20 to 47 00 I 61 20 to Cape North St. Paul Island to 46 30 1 59 50 Gulf of St. Law- rence. Strait of Belle Isle. 46 45 46 41 46 40 46 55 57 10 47 16 to 46 30 Nova Scotia use GC Half Moon. do 46 49 46 47 17 I 47 47 20 47 25 47 30 12 46 16 46 18 47 24 47 24 47 13 47 30 47 33 47 33 ■5 bergs and 15 growlers. Growler. Do. Huge tabular berg (same as 70) . 4 bergs. Few bergy bits and growlers. Seaward cf BW-3, few bergs. Small patches field ice offshore. Field of pack ice. }Broken-up brash and pancake Ice ex- tending in north-south direction. Southwest edge of pack ice. BW-1 Fjord, 10 percent pack ice. BW- 3 Fjord, pack ice and bergy bits. Sea ice. 1 Eastern and western edge of ice field fairly heavy in center with scattered growlers and thick cakes. Large berg (same as 87) . Small berg. String of ice approximately 1 mile long. Close pack ice. Sea ice. Sea pan ice to horizon. Southwest and northeast of broken field ice. Gulf ice. Close pack ranging to open pack within these limits. Large field loose drift ice. Field ice 3 to 5 miles wide 25 miles long extends northeast from Flint Island. Sea ice. Strings of slush ice. Stationary radar target believed berg (same as 77). Southern limit ice field of small light ice extending north. BW-3 Fjord, few bergy bits and little pack ice; seaward of BW-3, few bergs and bergy bits. Radar target presumed large berg (same as 80) . BW-3 Fjord, few bergy bits and some pack ice. Field ice. Berg (same as 81). East and west limits of open slob ice. Large growler drifting 220° at 1.5 knots (same as 77). Southern limit of open field ice. 19 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued No. Date Mar. 20 ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. -.do. .-do. ..do. ..do. .-do- --do-. ..do.. ..do- -do —do..... Mar. 21 Mar. 22 ...do —do-.-. ...do..... ...do..... ..do ..do ..do..... ..do ..do -.do. -do- -do- Name of vessel lee Patrol Plane. do.. do do do do do -. do.-.- USCGLTS, Battle Har- bor, Labrador. Halifax radio Fort Hamilton.. Narsarssuak AB- St. John's radio- USCGLTS, Bona vista Newfoundland. do -. USCGLTS, Battle Har- bor, Labrador. do USCGLTS, Bonavista Newfoundland. USAF aircraft— Nova Scotia Cape Race radio Prins Alexander ....do. Fort Hamilton Unidentified vessel Ice Patrol plane North West latitude longitude 47 25 52 40 to 47 30 I 52 30 to 47 55 I 52 20 to 48 08 I 51 00 to 47 40 I 49 50 to 47 40 I 48 40 to 47 00 I 47 17 to 46 42 I 47 28 to 46 43 I 47 20 to 46 65 I 47 08 to 47 20 I 47 08 to 47 38 I 47 30 to 47 38 I 47 55 to 48 10 I 49 15 thence north 46 02 47 48 47 50 48 00 48 05 48 08 48 10 47 35 50 32 50 18 49 35 50 50 51 57 50 26 Strait of Belle Isle. Gulf of St. Law- rence. 47 02 I 52 34 -do- -do. -do- 167 Mar. 23 USN aircraft. St. John's Harbor, Newfoundland. Cape Bonavista... 48 55 I 53 10 Strait of BeUe Isle. d...'...._ Cape Bonavista 47 55 52 10 East Coast Avalon Peninsula. Cape Race 45 53 I 47 40 to 45 42 45 42 46 55 48 05 48 03 52 45 St. John's Harbor, Newfoundland. East coast, Avalon Peninsula. 45 40 46 00 47 07 49 15 48 00 47 45 50 46 53 30 to 49 45 I 51 GO Description Limits of pack ice. Tongue of open pack ice extends from main pack at 48°00' N. along the 100 fathom curve to a southern extremity at 4'-3°44' N. 47°25' W.; the main pack extends to coast of Newfoundland, and is 8 miles east and south of St. John's Harbor. Loose patches and strings extend 25 miles farther south along coast. Berg (same as 80). Berg (same as 97). Berg (same as 93). Growler. Do. Berg (same as 78). Large berg (same as 106). Sea ice. Small field close pack ice south of Cihoux Island. Strings and patches field ice. BW-3 Fjord, little pack ice; seaward of BW-3, few small bsrgs. Closely packed ice from shore to 3 miles at Cape Spear. Ice to horizon northward. St. John's Harbor blocked. Sea ice. Large berg. Sea ice. Do. Do. Berg 100 feetihigh and approximately 1,000 feet long (same as 78). Pack ice from St. John's Harbor to Ferry land Head, Newfoundland. Loose strings of field ice 10 miles north- east of Cape Race. ►Strings of field ice extending to north. Small growler (same as 81). Scattered strings and patches field ice extend 10 miles from Newfoundland coast. Heavy pack ice. Field ice extends south along New- foundland coast to southern ex- tremity 10 miles north of Cape Race. Close pack ice extends 8 miles off- shore at St. John's Harbor. Scattered strings field ice extend north from this position. Small berg (same as 87) . Drydock berg (same as 97). 8 very large bergs in pack ice along this line. 20 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description Mar. 23 Ice Patrol plane. -do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do- ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. .do. .do. Mar. 24 ...do ...do..... ...do.... ..do. ..do. ..do- ..do_ ..do. ..do- ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. .do.- -do. .-.-do .---do-- -- --. ..--do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do '.""do!.'.'.".""""-"""-'.I do USCQLTS, Bonavista, Newfoundland. USCGLTS, Battle Har- bor, Labrador. Cairndhu Idefjord. Belrav - - - USNS General Callan.--- USCQLTS, Battle Har- bor, Labrador. USCGLTS, Bonavista, Newfoundland. Unknown USN Vessel -.- do --..do Cape Race radio. US Air Force. do Cape Race radio USN aircraft do USNS Generl Callan. Canadian Department of Transport. 47 30 52 30 to 47 25 I 52 05 to 47 40 I 51 20 to 48 00 I 50 00 to 47 50 I 48 00 to 47 50 I 49 30 to 47 35 I 49 20 to 47 20 1 49 00 to 47 23 I 48 55 to 48 00 I 49 10 thence nortliwest East Coast Avalon Peninsula. 45 00 45 00 45 02 45 04 45 30 47 25 47 46 47 48 47 52 47 56 48 08 48 38 48 45 48 44 48 43 48 12 52 15 51 35 50 20 50 04 50 10 49 27 Cape Bonavista. Strait of Belle Isle- I 46 07 I 47 37 I to I 47 48 I 47 45 to I 48 48 I 48 27 53 01 45 49 47 07 47 03 44 38 46 27 Strait of Belle Isle. Cape Bonavista f 47 20 I 52 29 to 1 Coast of Newfound- land. 47 31 I 52 18 46 54 I 52 32 Cape Ballard to 3 miles southeast Cape Race. 47 32 I 62 17 47 36 I 52 08 ( Cape Ballard \ to IvVest of Cape Race Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland. Strait of Belle Isle. Cape Race St. Paul Island to 5 miles south of Magdalen Island. to Cape D'Espoir to Southwest Point Anticosti Island Ice tongue extends from southern ex- tremity at 47°33'N. 49°00'W. to 48°20'N. where joins pack to New- foundland coast. Tongue ranges open to close to consolidated pack. Strings and patches extend from tongue along 50 and 100 fathom curve to45^28'N. 48°25'W. Tongue close pack ice extends south from Cape St. Francis to Cape Bal- lard. 8 miles wide at St. Johns Harbor to 3 milts at Cape Ballard. Strings and patches extend to Cape Race. Berg (same as 80). Do. Growler (same as 80). Small growler (same as 80). Small berg (same as 87). Pinnacled berg (same as 78). Drydock berg. Growler. 2 growlers. Growler. Large berg. Sea ice. Do. [•Strings of field ice. J-Drifting sea ice. Large berg (same as 80). Ice floes scattered over 2 mile area. Sea ice. Sea ice and 4 large bergs approximately 10 miles northeast cape. Heavy ice pans. Berg 30 feet high. Close pack ice but navigable. Strip of field ice. Berg. Do. f Strings of heavy slob ice 1 mile off shore. Bay 8 tenths pack with scattered bergs. 2 tenths new freeze ice with broad polynas south of Belle Isle. Large area heavy pans field ice extend- ing from Cape Race southward ap- proximately 15 miles in length and 1 mile wide. Limits of open pack, 50 percent cover- 303589—55- 21 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description Mar. 24 -do ...do— - ..do ..do .do. ...do..... ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do..... .do .do..... ...do..... ...do ..do ...do..... .do ...do Mar. 25 ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do.... .do. ..do... ..do... ...do... .-do... ...do... -do... .do... ..do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do- _.do. ..do. ..do- Canadian Department of Transport Ice Patrol plane. ..do. ..do. ..do. USCG Aircraft- .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. USN aircraft. US Air Force Unidentified USN vessel. ....do... Grootebeer Cape Race radio. .do. Narsarssuak AB ....do .- USCGLTS, Battle Har- bor, Labrador. USCGLTS, Bonavista, Ne-wfoundland. Unidentified USN vessel. do. Mormacelm Ice Patrol plane. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. -do. -do. -do. -do. Approaches to Sydney Harbor. Cape Race, New- foundland. 43 .35 48 .31 44 05 48 01 44 16 48 18 49 20 51 30 to 49 45 I 51 55 to 50 10 I 51 55 to 50 30 I 52 00 52 20 to 51 40 ! to 52 00 I to 52 30 I 53 10 53 30 thence north 48 58 49 00 49 04 49 05 49 07 49 08 49 13 49 58 50 10 50 23 52 15 52 17 52 22 52 32 52 42 52 20 52 35 52 28 52 14 52 19 54 58 55 00 55 08 54 20 53 40 54 02 57 07 52 40 53 09 East Coast Avalon Peninsula. r 53 00 1 52 35 to 55 . 25 i 54 00 to I 56 01 I 48 54 f 46 32 I to Cape Race to [ Mistaken Point 46 40 I 51 02 43 49 I 48 50 East Coast of Cape Race. West Coast of Cape Race. Seaward of BW-3- BW-3 Fjord Strait of Belle Isle. Cape Bonavista.- 46 43 50 03 49 24 46 42 46 36 52 05 46 24 53 10 to 46 50 I 52 40 to 47 00 I 51 38 to 47 28 51 25 45 20 48 30 43 40 43 42 47 18 47 29 47 40 47 42 47 42 47 42 48 29 48 37 51 50 52 00 52 10 52 37 52 39 52 53 Small patches loose drift ice off Low Point. Limits of field ice extend 4 miles ofl coast to east and south. Growler (same as 77). Growler (same as 80). Same berg (same as 80). Limits of pack ice with strings extend- ing to east of limits and south 20 miles and 50 miles north of 52°00'N. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Growler. Berg. Limits of pack ice; solid pack 15 miles seaward from shore at St. John's Harbor. Limits of pack ice. 13 bergs in vicinity. ► Heavy field ice, soft and navigable. Small berg. 2 growlers (same as 80). Close pack ice to shore. Strings of ice with lakes of water. Few small bergs. Do. Sea ice. Sea ice. Small growler (same as 78). Growler. Do. Limits of pack ice, varying from close to open pack along Newfoundland coast. Strings and patches field ice extend northeast about 50 miles. Growler (same as 80). Small berg (same as 80). Drydock berg (same as 176). Large berg (same as 78) . Large berg. Small berg. Berg. DO. 22: TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 244 245 246 247 248 249 Mar. 25 Mar. 26 ..do .do. -do. ..do. ..do. 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 277 278 279 -.do ..do ...do..... ..do ...do ..do..-.. ..do ...do ...do ...do ...do..... Mar. 27 ...do ...do. ...do. ...do. ..do... ..do... Mar. 28 ...do..... .do .do. ...do..... Mar. 29 ...do ...do...., ...do..... ...do..-. Mar. 30 BOAC aircraft. Mormacelm USCOLTS, Battle Har- bor, Labrador. USCOLTS, Bonavlsta. Newfoundland. Scythia do - Ice Patrol plane. do do -.-- do do do do do. - do do- - Narsarssuak AB... do.. --- USCOLTS, Battle Har- bor, Labrador. Cape Race radio Cutler... USN aircraft. do do USCOLTS, Bonavista, Newfoundland. Stavangerfjord USCOLTS, Battle Har- bor, Labrador. USCGC Chambers Ice Patrol plane. -do. USCOC Chambers. do .do. Ice Patrol plane. East Coast of New- foundland. 47 20 I 49 20 Strait of Belle Isle- Cape Bonavista. - 43 18 49 08 43 21 I 49 12 / Cape Race to 47 05 1 52 49 to 47 30 I 52 30 to 47 50 I 50 40 to 48 30 I 50 40 thence north- westward 46 16 46 42 47 33 -47 36 47 37 47 37 47 38 47 55 47 59 50 18 50 54 52 19 52 32 52 29 52 30 52 28 51 04 51 44 BW-3 Fjord Seaward of BW-3. Strait of Belle Isle- Cape Race 48 33 47 22 47 22 49 23 52 01 50 10 USCOC Chlncoteague USN aircraft. 47 22 50 30 Cape Bonavista... 46 00 I 50 55 Strait of BeUe Isle.. 45 56 I 51 10 East Coast New- foundland to 47 10 I 52 46 to 46 37 I 53 05 to 1 mile seaward of Cape Pine 42 37 I 50 22 46 16 52 11 46 23 I 53 40 Cape Race to Cape St. Mary to approximately 15 miles south Cape St. Mary 50 00 I 49 15 to 52 00 I 52 30 to 54 00 I 53 00 to 55 00 i 55 00 South Coast of Avalon Penin- sula. At 49°00' N, pack ice e.xtends east from Newfoundland coast and is solid for 525-^ miles, thence broken floes for 35 miles, no bergs. Growler. Pancake ice. Sea ice. Orowler (same as 80). Do. 'Limits of field ice. Orowler (same as 231). Orowler (same as 223). Berg (same as 240). Orowler. Berg (same as 241). Orowler. Berg (same as 242). ' Small berg. Orowler. 1 berg and few growlers. Few bergs and bergy bits. Sea ice. East shore, close pack ice; west shore, close pack ice with polynas. Loose ice extending east from shore about 2 to 5 miles. Southern edge field ice. Eastern edge field ice, loosely scattered. Berg 70 feet high with 2 pinnacles (same as 180). Growler 15 feet high, 50 feet wide. Sea ice. 2 growlers (same as 223). Sea ice. 2 growlers (same as 223). Limits of field Ice with strings south of 1 a line between 46° 55' N., 52°53' W. and 47°05' N., 52°15' W. Orowler (same as 80). Orowler (same as 78). Small patches field ice. Field ice limits. Field Ice extending 5-miles southwest of Cape St. Mary. Some scattered ice along this llnej Patches and strings field ice extend 8 miles south of Cape Race and 5 miles south of Avalon Peninsula between Cape Race and Cape St. Mary. 23 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued Date 280 Mar. 30 ...do -do. .-do.— Mar. 31 --do_.... ...do._... ..do do. ...do. -do,.... Apr. 1 .-do -.. ...do. --do. Apr. 2 .do. -do- Apr. 3 -.do .-do --do Apr. 4 ..do— - .-do.— -.do ...do- .do. -do- ..do Apr. 6 Name of vessel MSTS Office, St., John's, Newfoundland. Canadian Department of Transport. .do. Cape Race radlo. do USCOLTS, Battle Har- bor, Labrador. USN aircraft MSTS Office, St. John's, Newfoundland. Orion Canadian Department of Transport. Fort Avalon. USCGLTS, Battle Har- bor, Labrador. Canadian Department of Transport. Narsarssuak AB. -...do Canadian Department of Transport. Narsarssuak AB. .--.do USCGC Casco- ...-do... Narsarssuak AB. ..-.do..-. USCGC Casco- -...do- -.--do Canadian Department of Transport. ...-do -do. .do. Nova Scotia USCOLTS, Battle Har- bor, Labrador. North West latitude longitude St. John's Harbor.. Cape des Hosiers to 48 40 I 63 00 . to UO miles north of Bird Rocks to 10 miles off Cape ; Ray Strait of Canso to Northumberland Strait Cane Race and Cape Ballard. Cape Race Description Strait of Belle Isle. - 48 00 I 51 45 St. John's Har- bor. 47 11 I 51 00 Gulf of St. Law- rence. St. John's Har- bor. Strait of Belle Isle.. Law- Gulf of St. rence. BW-3 Fjord Seaward of BW-3 Fjord. Quebec to Cape Salmon thence eastward to Rosiers BW-3 Fjnrd Seaward of BW-3 Fjord. 51 40 I 50 46 49 11 I 50 50 BW-3 Fjord Seaward of BW-3 Fjord. 47 10 I 50 25 46 32 53 50 46 34 I 54 04 St. Lawrence River. North shore of Prince Edward Island. ' North Point to 20 miles southeast Miscou Island to New Brunswick coast to end of visibility 25 miles Gaspe Bay 45 40 I 49 45 Strait of Belle Isle.. Open pack ice in harbor. Some scattered ice along this line. Strait of Canso clear to Hastings. , Open ice George Bay, thence to East Point. Prince Edward Island, some scattered ice. Eastern and western shore, close pack ice extending 1 to 3 miles off shore. Close pack ice east and west of Cape Race. Pancake ice. Small berg. Close pack ice. 4 growlers (same as 180) . Some scattered ice between Rosiers and 48°40' N., 63°30' W., thence to 10 miles off Bird Rocks thence to 10 miles off Cape Ray, Newfoundland. Heavy open pack ice to 9>i miles east. Pancake ice. Open ice in George Bay, thence scat- tered drift ice to East Point, Prince Edward Island. Few bergy bits. Few bergs and bergy bits. Light broken ice. Few bergy bits and growlers. Few bergs and bergy bits. Many growlers. 2 growlers. 1 berg, few growlers and some thin ice. Few bergs. Radar contact, possible growler. String field ice, length 1.2 miles, width 39 feet. Drift ice approximately l,i square mile. Quebec to Cape Salmon, some scat- tered ice. Strip of ice along shore Malpaque to North Point with scattered strings extending eastward from North Point for 20 miles. Scattered loose ice. Loose ice in Gaspe Harbor and en- trance to Bonaventure. Radar target, possible berg. Sea ice. 24 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description Apr. ..do ..do ..do .-do .-do ...do ..do -do- — do. ...do- ...do. Apr. _..do. ...do. ...do. _-do_ ..do. _.do. Apr. 8 ...do.— . Apr. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. Apr. 10 ...do Ice Patrol plane. ....do ...-do ...-do -.-.do ..-.do MSTS Office, St. John's, Newfoundland. Canadian Department of Transport. TCA aircraft Narsarssuak AB- do - USCGC Casco. USCGLTS, Battle Har- bor, Labrador. USN aircraft Ice Patrol plane. .do. USCGC Sebago. Canadian Department of Transport. USN aircraft Canadian Department of Transport. -do- -do- ..-do— - -do-..- Apr. 11 ---do Fort Hamilton- do Narsarssuak AB do Canadian Department of Transport. Torr Head Berylstone. Canadian Department of Transport. Narsarssuak AB do Fort Avalon- do Cape Spear to 2 miles east of Cape St. Francis to Baccalieu Island 47 38 47 41 47 45 47 50 47 53 52 39 52 42 52 41 52 44 52 50 St. John's Harbor. - St. Lawrence River. Cape North, Cape Breton to 20 miles of! [ Miscou Island 48 10 I 52 57 BW-3 Fjord Seaward of BW-3 Fjord. 46 45 I 54 22 Strait of Belle Isle. - Hudson Strait and Baffin Bay. 1 mile southeast of Cape St. Francis Cape Spear to 3 miles east of Cape St. Francis to Baccalieu Island 46 58 54 30 St. Lawrence River. I Frobisher Bay to [ Resolution Island Chaleur Bay ^North Point, Prince Edward Island to 20 miles southeast of Miscou Island to New Brunswick , coast 7 miles east of Cape Race Southeast of Cape Race BW-3 Fjord Seawardof BW-S.- Straitof Bellelsle.- South coast of Newfoundland East coast of New- foundland Gulf of St. Law- rence BW-3 Fjord Seaward of BW-3.. 46 33 46 33 53 33 54 20 Limits of pack ice, close pack along shore 500 yards width Cape Broyle to Cape Spear; St. John's Harbor, close pack but navigable; Concep- tion Bay, close pack. Growler. 3 bergs. Berg. 2 bergs. Do. Very loose pack ice. Light scattered ice, Quebec to Cape Salmon. Loose ice along this line; close pack at ' Escuminac Point, New Brunswick. Large berg. Few bergy bits and growlers. Few bergs. 2 patches field ice 200 yards long by 100 yards and 1,000 by 300 yards. Sea ice. Comprehensive report of pack ice. 4 growlers. Limit of close to open pack ice. Northerlv end line of brash and pan ice 100 to 200 yards wide. Line 205 degrees true extending limit of visi- bility 5 miles. Considerable broken ice Saguenay River to Port Alfred. Comprehensive report of ice conditions. Broken ice moving out. .Scattered ice in this area close packed ' at Escuminac. String of loose ice 2 miles long. String ice. Few growlers. Few bergs. Loose ice south and west; close pack eastward. Scattered field ice vicinity Lamb Rock; 3 miles to east and west and at least 5 miles to north and south. Field ice extends from 7 miles south of Cape Pine to 6 miles southeast of Cape Race, about 2 miles wide. Strip of ice 1 to 10 miles wide from Cape Bald to Richibucto. Few bergy bits. Few bergs and bergy bits and some pack ice. Some small gi-owlers. Large area of loose pack ice 6 miles east and west, and 1 mile north and south of this position. 25 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description Apr. 11 .do. ...do. Apr. 12 ...do ...do ...do ...do Apr. 13 ...do ..do. ..do. ...do ...do ...do..- ...do.... ...do.... ...do.... ...do.-.. ...do.... ...do.... ...do.... ...do.... ...do.... ...do.... ...do.... ...do. ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do Canadian Department of Transport. .do. .do. ..do. .-do. ..do. ...do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ...do. -do. ...do. ...do. ...do. use GLTS, BattleHarbor, Labrador. Unidentified aircraft. do... do do use GLTS, BattleHarbor, Labrador. MSTS Office, St. John's, Newfoundland. Ice Patrol plane. do .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do- .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. -do. -do. .do. -do. .do .do. .do. -do. .do. Northumberland Strait and east coast of New Brunswick. Chaleur Bay North coast of Prince Edward Island Strait of Belle Isle.. 52 15 54 45 S2 30 54 55 53 00 54 00 52 45 53 30 Strait of Belle Isle.. Approaches to St. John's Harbor Tor Bay to 48 02 I 52 48 East coast Avalon Peninsula Trinity Bay, New- foundland Con- ception Bay, Newfoundland. do 47 57 52 53 47 58 52 49 48 06 52 48 48 08 52 51 48 13 52 55 48 16 52 53 48 37 52 30 48 43 52 09 48 44 51 38 48 48 52 05 49 00 51 08 ' Cape Bonavista to 3 miles north to 8 miles east Cape Freels to 8 miles east Cape Fogo to 50 30 I 53 00 thence northwest 47 45 I 53 33 47 49 I 53 30 Trinity Bay 48 06 I 52 48 Grates Point 48 49 1 52 52 Radius ofS miles of Cape Bonavista 48 42 51 38 48 45 62 10 48 48 52 18 48 49 52 38 49 00 51 08 Cape Bonavista.... 48 10 I 53 10 2 mile radius 7 miles southeast Cape Freels 10 miles east Cape Freels 49 15 51 22 49 24 53 30 49 26 53 08 49 30 53 13 49 30 53 30 49 32 53 52 49 37 53 42 Strip of ice 1 to 2 miles wide extends north from Cape Bald to Richibucto. Heavy pack ice at Escuminac. Ice in Campbellton and Dalhousie Harbors. Narrow strip alone coast between North Point and Malpeque. Sea ice. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Sea ice. Some scattered field ice. Limits of field ice. Conception and Trinity Bays, New- foundland 75 percent covered with open to close pack. 2 bergs. 3 bergs. 5 growlers. Growler. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Growler. Berg. Growler. Berg. Growler. Berg. Limits of pack ice with close pack \ along shore Cape Bonavista to Cape / Fogo. North of Cape Fogo pack is open with polynas. Berg aground. Do. 5 bergs. Berg (same as 362). Berg and growler aground. Berg. 6 bergs and 4 growlers. Small berg (same as 368). Growler (same as 367). Growler (same as 369). Do. Berg (same as 370). 10 bergs and 9 growlers. 2 growlers. 7 bergs and 2 growlers. 3 bergs. Berg. Berg. Do. Do. Do. 2 growlers. 2 bergs. 26 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West 1 longitude Description Apr. 13 ...do .do Apr. 14 .do Apr. 15 ...do. .-do Apr. 16 ...do .do ...do. ...do. ...do Apr. 17 ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. .do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do ...do ...do..... ...do ...do..... ...do ...do Apr. 18 Apr. 19 ...do ...do ...do ...do Apr. 20 ...do ...do ...do..... ...do ...do ...do Ice Patrol plane. .do. .do. Canadian Department of Transport. Narsarssuak AB... USCGLTS, Battle Har- bor, Labrador. Canadian Department of Transport. do BOAC aircraft. USCGLTS, Battle Har- bor, Labrador. Fort Hamilton Narsarssuak AB. ....do.. --- Canadian Department of Transport. do -.-- USNS Jose Valdez. do.... do.. Ice Patrol plane ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do- .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do- .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do- Between latitudes 49 40X| 50 ION and longitudes 53 OOWI 54 COW 49 55 54 10 50 03 I 54 12 Strait of Belle Isle.. Seaward of B\V-3-. Strait of Belle Isle- Northumberland Strait. Miramichi Bay East coast Avalon Peninsula. Strait of Belle Isle. East coast Avalon Peninsula. BW-3 Fjord Seaward of BW-3. Canadian Department of Transport. do- USCGLTS, Battle Har- bor, Labrador. TWA aircraft USCGC Castle Rock Unidentified aircraft L'Aventure do USCGLTS, Battle Harbor. USN aircraft do.. - Ice Patrol plane do Northumberland Strait. Gulf of St. Lawr- ence. 46 54 52 54 46 58 52 52 47 00 52 52 Cape St. Francis. Ferryland Head, Avalon Penin- sula. Conception Bay... Tor Bay 47 55 52 35 48 06 52 48 48 15 52 55 48 45 52 35 to 48 55 I 52 10 thence northwest Tor Bay Conception Bay... Grates Point South end Bacca- lieu Island. 48 12 I 52 50 Cape Bonavlsta... 48 37 48 47 48 56 48 56 49 00 49 16 52 51 52 53 51 56 52 50 52 10 50 31 Gulf of St. Law- rence. do Strait of Belle Isle. 49 23 50 50 46 44 54 15 49 58 50 44 Rcnewse Head Black Head Strait of Belle Isle 48 42 50 16 49 40 50 28 46 55 52 54 46 58 52 55 18 bergs and 21 growlers in this area. Berg. Do. Close pack ice Newfoundland side. Few small bergs and growlers. Sea ice. Only known ice liable to obstruct nav- igation is located between lines: Tormentine to Seacow Head and West Point, Prince Edward Island and Richibucto. Within this area 75 percent loose ice moving southward. 5 percent ice off Point Escuminac; inner bay loose ice. 3 large bergs near Funk Island. Sea ice. 2 bergs, 1 vicinity Ferryland Head, and other 1 mile south Renewse Head, both apparently grounded. 3 growlers, 1 berg, and few bergy bits. Few bergs, many growlers, some bergy bits and pack ice. Eastern limits of field ice at Victoria, Prince Edward Island. All routes and ports Gulf and River St. Lawrence clear except western part of Northumberland Strait. Berg (same as 405) . Do. Do. Loosely scattered strings extend from Cape St. Francis to eastern limit of 52°00' W. and southern limit of 47°40' N.; St. John's Harbor and approaches clear; Conception Bay clear. 2 bergs aground (same as 405). 4 growlers and 6 bergs. Berg aground. 4 growlers. Berg (same as 362). 2 bergs. ^Limits of open pack Ice. Growler aground (same as 416). 2 bergs aground. Berg aground. Berg aground (same as 362). Berg. 3 bergs aground. 2 bergs. 4 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Berg (same as 370). Conditions same as reported before. No change since last report. Sea ice. Berg 60 feet high. Numerous growlers. Medium to large berg. Small berg (same as 405). Berg (same as 405). Sea ice. Berg (same as 370). Berg. Berg (same as 405). Do. 27 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description Apr. 20 — do..-.. Apr. 21 Apr. 22 --do ...do ..do. ...do.... ...do.... ...do.... ...do.... ...do.... ...do.._- -do.... -do.... Apr. 23 ...do..... ...do ...do..... ...do ...do ...do..... ...do ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do..-.. .do. --.do Apr. 24 --do-..-. -.do. —do. ..do. ..do- -.do.... ..do.... —do.... ...do Apr. 25 Apr. 26 -..do..... ...do..... ...do..... -do. ...do. ..do.... ..do.... ..do-... -.do.... .do—, -do..... -do -..do Canadian Department of Transport. PAA aircraft Canadian Department of Transport. Unidentified aircraft USCGLTS, Battle Har- bor, Labrador. Canadian Department of Transport. do Ice Patrol plane. do do USNS Valciez... do Narsarssuak AB . do do USCGLTS, Battle Plar- bor. Labrador. USN aircraft-- MATS aircraft Luksefjell Ice Patrol plane do do do.... do do- do- do do do.- - USCGC Bibb— -- Canadian Department of Transport. Narsarssuak AB do-- USCGC Bibb USCGLTS, Battle Har- bor. TWA aircraft , USCGC Bibb US Air Force Canadian Department of Transport. do do Narsarssuak AB. .do- Canadian Department of Transport. USCGC McCullouch S&WA aircraft Orion Canadian Department of Transport. Unidentified aircraft do.. -- Ice Patrol plane. do do do .-do. ..-do- .-do. ...do. Gulf of St. Law- rence. 49 40 1 51 30 Point Amour, Gulf of St. Lawrence. Cape Bonavista Strait of Belle Isle. Gulf of St. Law- rence. Pt. Amour, Strait of Belle Isle. Baccalieu Island.. . Conception Bay... 48 30 51 30 47 00 52 53 46 54 53 54 BW-1 Fjord BW-3 Fjord. _. Seaward of BW-3 FJTd. Strait of Belle Isle. 48 29 46 54 48 33 48 28 52 25 52 55 49 18 52 27 Cape Bonavista. ■ ^ 52 ,38 49 00 52 14 49 03 52 18 49 18 51 37 49 19 52 .33 49 20 51 40 49 21 51 14 .50 08 55 30 49 13 50 51 Gulf of St. Law- rence. BW-1 Fjord BW-3 Fjord 50 00 I 51 00 Strait of Belle Isle.. 49 20 I 50 25 52 55 I 51 36 Frobisher Bay to Resolution Is- land. Gulf of St. Law- rence. Pt. Amour. - Belle Isle-.. BW-1 Fjord - BW-3 Fjord Gulf of St. Law- rence. 53 .34 I 51 00 49 50 51 10 48 57 I 48 30 Gulf of St. Law- rence. 49 00 I 53 25 Southwest coast of Greenland. 47 49 I 52 50 Conception Bay... Grates Point East coast Bacca- lieu Island. 48 11 51 50 48 21 52 26 48 31 52 31 East coast of Cape Bonavista. All Gulf routes clear except ice in west- ern part of Northumberland Strait. Berg. Heavy close pack ice with 4 bergs. 6 or 7 bergs in vicinity. Sea ice. Only ice in gulf scattered strings along P. E. I. coast westward from Sum- merside. 5 bergs in sight. 5 bergs, 1 growler. 7 growlers, 4 bergs. 2 small growlers. 2 bergs (same as 405). Berg (same as 405). Open water to 12 miles south. Few growlers, patches of ice. Few bergs, close pack ice. Sea ice. Medium sized berg and 3 growlers. Berg (same as 405). Berg and growler (same as 370). Berg (same as 462). 11 bergs in vicinity. Berg. Growler. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Large berg. Medium sized berg (same as 435). No change since report of 22d. Open water to 12 miles south; heavy pack ice beyond this point. Close pack ice in fjord and seaward. Radar target, presumed berg. Sea ice. Berg (same as 435). Heavy brash ice. Comprehensive report of ice conditions. All routes to Great Lakes and local gulf ports now clear of all ice except through Strait of Belle Isle. 7 bergs in heavy open pack ice. String of ice on Labrador side. Clear to Narsak Pt; then bergy bits and heavy pack ice. Open to close pack ice; few bergs and close pack ice to seaward. No change since report of 22d. Growler. Large berg. Large growler (same as 370). No new information Large berg. Heavy concentration of pack ice from' Simiutak to about 100 miles seaward. 1 small berg and 2 growlers. 9 growlers. 2 small bergs. 2 small bergs and 1 growler. Small berg. Medium drydock berg and 12 growlers. Medium pinnacled berg. 3 small bergs. 28 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description Apr. 26 ...do ...do ...do ...do. ..do. ..do. ice Patrol plane do do USNS General H. Hodges. Unidentified aircraft.. K LM aircraft- Arthur Cross Cape Bonavista. 48 52 48 55 48 02 52 37 48 37 50 27 .do. .do. .do.... .do.... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... do USCGLTS, Battle Har- bor. Canadian Department of Transport. Ice Patrol plane .do. .do. 49 50 51 03 50 00 51 00 Pouch Cove, Ava- lon Peninsula. Cape St. Francis. - Conception Bay... Strait of Belle Isle. Gulf of St. Law- rence. 48 20 51 55 49 45 51 07 ...do. ..do. ..do. -.do. ..do. ..do_ -.do. -do- -do. -do_ -do. -do. -do. _do. .do. -do- -do_ -do- Westward of a line from 50°45' N, 54°50'W.to52°30' N, 55°20' W. Strait of Belle Isle.. Vicinity Cape Bona vista. 48 44 49 33 49 35 49 41 50 25 50 40 52 20 51 53 53 11 52 45 52 19 51 44 -..do.. ...do-. ...do.. ...do.. do ....do do Narsarssuak AB. Vicinity Groats Is- land. 51 33 I 54 07 Strait of Belle Isle. 52 10 I 51 43 BW-1 Fjord Apr. 28 ...do- ...do- Apr. 29 -..do USCGLTS, Battle Har- bor. Narsarssuak AB Canadian Department of Transport. do do- Strait of Belle Isle- BW-1 Fjord Gulf of St. Law- rence. do - Point Amour --do —do Apr. 30 —do--.. ...do—-. May 1 —do...-, —do.... Narsarssuak -A.B. do US^vF aircraft... Narsarsuak AB. do-- BW-1 Fjord-. BW-3 Fjord. - Davis Strait. BW-1 Fjord. BW-3 Fjord-. USN aircraft. USCGLTS, Battle Har- bor, Labrador. Ice Patrol plane Hamilton Inlet, Labrador. Strait of Belle Isle. Newfoundland .do... .do... .do- -do. Canadian Department of Transport. do ...do.... --.do- May 2 .-do— -. .-do..-. ...do...-. Narsarssuak AB do Saggat Bolivia Canadian Department of Transport. do-.- 49 00 53 24 Gulf of St. Law- Strait of Belle Isle BW-1 Fjord.- BW-3 Fjord 48 00 I 49 35 48 04 I 49 43 Gulf of St. Law- rence. Point Amour, Gulf of St. Lawrence. 3 small bergs 5 to 10 miles north. Medium drydock berg. SmaU berg (same as 370). 3 growlers. Large berg (same as 491) . Very large berg (same as 491). Large growler. Several small growlers J.^ to 3 miles north 2 growlers west shore. Sea ice. All gulf routes and ports clear except Strait of Belle Isle. Medium pinnacled berg and 12 growlers (same as 462). Medium dome berg and 1 growler (same as 491). Limits of pack ice, ranging from open to close pack. Open pack ice extends west to Pt. Amour. 8 bergs, 3 growlers. Large drydock berg (same as 505). Growler. Berg. Growler. Do. Berg. 2 bergs, 5 growlers. Berg. 3 bergs, 7 growlers. Berg. Close pack ice is 60 miles seaward from Simiutak Island. Sea ice. Close pack ice. No new information. Do. Heavy open pack ice; several bergs and growlers. Small berg. Close pack ice and few bergs. Boundary of pack ice 15 miles east of Resolution Island. Open pack ice. Close pack ice with growlers; seaward close pack with bergs. Scattered patches field ice and growlers with several bergs and growlers to seaward. No pack ice to southeast. Sea ice. Numerous radar targets probable bergs between Cape St. Francis and Funk Island. Medium pinnacled berg. All routes river and gulf clear for navi- gation except Strait of Belle Isle At Belle Isle, clear in all direction except 2 mile wide string on Labrador side; at Point Amour, loose ice in sight all around. Few small bergs. Close pack ice in fjord to seaward. Radar target, probable berg. Radar target, possible ice. All routes river and gulf clear for navi- gation except Strait of Belle Isle, Close pack ice and 8 bergs. 29 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued Date Name of vessel May 2 .do .do.— .do.... .do-.- .do-.. .do-... .do.... .do.... .do— . -do— - .do-... .do-... .do. .do- .do- .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do- -do- May 3 ...do ...do ...do —do .do. -do- .do. .do- .do. .do- .do- .do. .do. .do- -do. -do. .do- -do. .do. .do- ..do. ..do. ..do- ..do. ..do. ..do. -do. -do- ..do. ...do ...do May 4 ...do.-.-. Ice Patrol plane. do -do- .do. -do. .do- .do. -do- -do- -do- -do- -do- -do- -do- -do- -do- -do- .do- -do. .do. -do- -do- .do. Orlzia. ..-do- .-..do. ....do. ..-do. Ice Patrol plane. .—do-. ....do-... .—do.- .do. do. -do. -do. -do- -do. .-do. .-do- ..do- --do. -do. -do- -do- .do. do do do do do do USCaC Unimak. do do USN aircraft Canadian Department of Transport. North latitude West longitude 51 42 52 59 51 43 52 34 51 47 51 54 51 47 52 25 51 47 53 55 51 52 52 12 51 54 51 54 52 00 53 14 52 00 53 53 52 19 52 10 Labrador coast 52 25 55 10 52 26 54 10 52 27 53 12 52 27 54 01 52 28 54 48 52 30 52 03 52 30 52 21 Labrador Fogo Isla nd St. Lewi5 Sound-.. 47 52 52 55 47 55 52 48 47 56 52 45 47 57 52 54 Concept! on Bay... 47 47 52 37 47 30 53 05 47 50 52 52 Western Concep- tion Ba V. Cape St. Francis.. 48 06 52 33 48 09 52 26 48 10 51 33 48 11 51 32 48 12 51 40 48 30 52 45 Cape Bo lavista . . . 48 48 51 19 49 50 52 12 Notre Ds ime Bay.. Labrador Fogo Island- do 50 20 51 40 51 40 51 40 52 01 52 07 48 12 48 03 47 37 47 47 54 52 54 15 54 31 54 38 54 18 54 02 51 54 51 33 52 28 51 31 Gulf of St. Law- rence. Description Large tabular berg. 2 small bergs, 15 growlers within 15 miles northeast of Fogo Island. Small berg. Do. Do. Do. 1 small berg, 1 growler. Small berg. Do. 3 growlers. Small berg. 2 small bergs. 7 bergs, 15 growlers between 52°12' N. and 52°37' N. 12 growlers. Small berg. 1 growler. 1 medium berg. Small berg. 3 growlers. Dn. Loose strings of field ice extend 130 miles east of Labrador coast at 52°00' N. with occasional patches close pack ice. 4 radar targets, probable bergs, 15 miles northeast of Fogo Island. 5 radar targets 45 to 90 miles east of St. Lewis Sound, probable bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Many growlers and pieces of ice at en- trance of bay. Small growler. Growler. Small berg. 4 growlers, 2 bergs. Medium berg and small berg 5 miles to north. Small berg. Twin pinnacled berg. Large pinnacled berg and growler. Disintegrating growler. Small growler. 2 small bergs. 4 bergs 10 miles eastward. Berg (same as 491). Growler. Pack ice begins at Cape Freels and extends west close along shore into Notre Dame Bay. A belt of bergs, growlers, and scattered field ice parallels Labrador coast from Cape St. Charles to Hamilton Inlet with the axis of the heaviest ice concentration lying about 50 miles offshore with approximately 150 bergs and 750 growlers in this belt. Scattered field ice extends up to 150 miles offshore at 52°4!)' N. A few bergs lie inshore of this belt. 5 bergs, 5 to 15 miles northeast. 26 bergs in pack ice to north of Fogo Island and New World Island. Small berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Large berg, 241 feet high, 1,920 feet long, possibly grounded (same as 588). Many growlers. 3 growlers. Berg (same as 588). No change from report of May 2d. 30 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953 — Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 610 May 4 do USCQC Unimak 47 34 47 48 47 51 52 38 51 32 51 52 Growler (same as 583). 611 do Large berg (same as 588). 612 do do Small tabular berg (same as 586). 613 ...do do USN aircraft Notre Dame Bav.. Strait of Belle Isle. Close pack ice to Cape Bauld. 614 do Open from Cape Norman to Eddies 615 do do Labrador do... Cove thence pack ice to Amour Point. Open pack ice around Belle Isle. Open water from shore to 20 miles 616 do . do -- seaward from Battle Harbor to Island of Ponds. Farther seaward scattered ice with many bergs and growlers. Open pack ice from Island of Ponds to 617 618 May 5 ...do ...do do USCGLTS, Battle Har- bor, Labrador. Strait of 46 35 46 40 46 43 46 48 46 49 47 04 47 40 48 02 BeUe Isle. 51 51 51 49 51 02 51 26 51 10 51 38 51 18 50 40 Cape Porcupine. Sea ice. Radar target possible berg. 619 do Do. 620 do Do. 621 do ... do 2 radar targets, possible bergs. 622 do do Do. 623 do . do Radar target, possible berg. 624 do . do Do. 625 do do Do. 626 do ..._do Conception Bay... do Berg aground just north of Bell Island. 627 ...do..... do v//do/.v/.///.y- --..".. -.- Berg and growler in bav. 628 Cape St. Francis... Grates Point.. .. 2 bergs and growler aground. 629 do do --- - 2 bergs aground. 630 do ... do --- Bay Verc Trinity I ie Do. 631 .. do .. do -- 3av Berg and growler aground at Northern 632 633 ...do_..-_ ...do ...do ...do do do -.. Blue Foam 48 28 52 43 46 45 52 10 49 28 53 35 Strait of Belle Isle. Point. 2 bergs. Berg (same as 462). 634 BOAC aircraft 1 very large berg and 2 small bergs. 635 USN aircraft Strings of field ice on Southern shore 636 do White Ba Notre Da 47 45 y.. . from entrance to Barbe Bay, and patches past Savage Point. Open pack ice along Southern shore. 637 638 .-.do May 6... ...do ...do..... ...do do do - Mormacdawn me Bay.. 52 07 Close pack ice in northern part: bergs and growlers in southern part to Fogo Island. Small berg. 639 640 Unidentified aircraft Ice Patrol plane 49 48 46 13 47 03 47 18 46 25 50 25 52 10 52 52 52 47 52 30 Large berg (same as 525). Medium berg (same as 462). 641 642 do -- Small berg. Do. 643 do . do Radar target, possible berg. 644 645 ...do do do.... do 46 49 i 52 48 Area bounded by latitudes 46°40' N. and 47°10' N. and longitudes 51°00' W. and 52^00' W. Avalon Peninsula. . 46 41 1 47 24 BW-1 Fjord- BW-3 Fjord Do. 8 radar targets, possible bergs. 646 May 7... ...do ...do do Nova Scotia Several small bergs aground between 647 Ferryland Head and Bay Bulls. Stationary radar target, possible berg. 648 Close pack ice with bergs to 40 miles 649 ., do seaward. Open pack ice and a few bergs. 650 May 8... ...do — do ...do ...do .. do .- 46 25 47 39 47 41 49 05 51 30 52 18 52 06 53 20 Stationary radar target. 651 652 653 Unidentified USN vessel- . TWA aircraft Berg. Do. 2 large bergs. 654 Narsarssuak AB .. BW-1 Fjord BW-3 Fjord ..- 47 32 1 53 02 Few bergs and many growlers. 655 ... do - Open pack ice; close pack ice with few 656 ...do ...do small bergs to seaward. Berg. 657 do - 46 09 46 33 46 38 46 47 47 00 47 02 47 20 47 25 47 30 46 49 47 55 50 27 50 30 51 03 51 47 51 25 49 50 49 11 49 12 52 48 Radar target, possible berg. 658 . do ... do Do. 659 do do Do. 660 .. do . do Do. 661 do do Do. 662 .. do .. ....do Do. 663 do ..do Do. 664 .. do ... do Do. 665 666 ...do May 9... ' USN S' ' ' Sgt" " ' Jonah' ' "e . " Kelley. Do. Nothing sighted visually or by radar this position where radar target, possible berg had been reported. 31 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued Date Mav 9 __.do -.do _do. May 10.. ...do..... ...do ...do ...do...-_ May 11 ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do..... ...do..... May 12 ...do ...do.-... ...do..... ...do..... ...do ...do ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. --do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. Name of vessel ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do May 13 ...do ...do ...do ...do..... .do. ...do. .do. .do- ...do. USN aircraft. ....do ....do .do. .do. Manchester Shipper .-.-do do Seaboard Trade USCGLTS, Battle Har- bor. Caxton ....do ....do BOAC aircraft ....do... ....do Gardenia ....do ....do ....do Oakby Prins Hendrick Willem Fort Hamilton USCGC Coos Bay do Ice Patrol plane do do. do do do .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ...do..... ...do ...do-.-.. ...do— .. ...do...-. ...do..... ...do ...do..... .--do..-.. ...do..... ...do-.... May 14 ...do..... ...do...-. ...do..... ...do.... ...do...- -do. .do. -do. -...do do USCGC Coos Bay. do. do. USN aircraft-. USCGC CoosBay- do USCGC Ingham.. - Stavangerfjord Hemsefjell USCGC Ingham. do do Stavangerfjord USCGC Ingham. do-. Ice Patrol plane.. ---do do do ...do-. USCGC Ingham. USNS Valdez.... Narsarssuak AB. do Cairngowan Mormacelm Perth Raunala Chestatee... do North latitude West longitude Description Notre Dame Bay.. White Bay White Bay to Belle Isle. Strait of Belle Isle . Hamilton Inlet to Cape Harrison 45 f2 52 06 45 58 51 53 46 11 52 60 46 05 I 52 20 Strait of Belle Isle. 47 48 51 50 47 40 51 55 47 40 52 38 49 00 53 00 49 28 53 30 49 50 53 00 Bona vista Bay. 49 11 49 28 49 24 50 16 45 58 47 13 47 13 47 45 47 11 47 38 47 38 47 43 47 43 47 49 48 07 53 30 53 36 53 36 50 00 50 00 52 40 52 43 51 58 52 36 51 48 51 35 51 26 52 40 52 41 52 50 Conception Bay... 47 45 47 45 47 45 48 01 48 10 48 12 48 18 48 25 51 28 51 43 51 53 51 21 51 08 51 43 52 09 52 47 Trinity Bay Conception Bay.. Cape St. Francis. Grates Point 47 39 47 40 48 08 48 13 49 37 49 47 47 06 47 42 47 42 47 40 47 41 47 42 47 07 47 58 48 07 48 09 48 16 Conception Bay 51 47 51 36 51 09 51 35 50 17 50 22 52 37 51 34 51 22 51 52 51 27 51 40 52 40 51 16 Baccalieu Island... 48 21 50 40 47 01 52 43 46 59 52 45 BW-1 Fjord BW-3 Fjord . . . 47 22 51 24 46 53 52 49 46 51 52 43 46 48 52 49 46 42 52 54 46 53 52 49 Open pack ice with bergs and growlers. Clear of field ice, but bergs. Open and free of field ice. Loose strings of field ice in middle of strait. Close pack ice 15 miles to seaward with bergs. Berg (same as 462). Berg and growler (same as 462). Radar target, possible berg. Radar target, presumably a berg. Sea ice. Berg and growler (same as 588). Berg. Small berg. 2 bergs. Berg. Do. 5 bergs. 2 bergs. 2 bergs. 1 berg. Berg (same as 553). Radar target, possible berg. Berg, 110 feet high, 240 feet long. Berg (same as 689) . Berg (same as 678) . Berg (same as 689). Berg (same as 678). Small berg. Large berg (same as 588). Berg aground. Do. Do. 5 bergs and 1 growler. Medium pinnacled berg (same as 588). Growler (same as 694). Medium dome berg (same as 678). Growler. Berg (same as 491). Berg. Medium dome berg. Medium berg. 6 bergs, 2 growlers. 3 bergs, 8 growlers. 4 small bergs aground. 2 small bergs aground. Small berg (same as 694). Berg (same as 588). Berg (same as 491). Large pinnacled berg (same as 705). Radar target, believed berg. Do. Growler. Large berg (same as 588) . Large berg surrounded by several growlers (same as 588). Berg (same as 678). Large berg and growler (same as 588). Berg (same as 694). Berg (same as 689). Radar target, probable growler (same as 703). Small berg (same as 491). Berg (same as 706). Berg (same as 707). 5 bergs, 3 growlers. Berg. 2 bergs aground inshore. Stationary radar target. Berg and growler (same as 689). Do. Close pack ice. Few growlers and patches drift ice. Growler. Large berg (same as 689). Large growler. Small berg (same as 739). Berg (same as 739). Berg (same as 689). 32 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description May 14 ...do ...do..... .__do.--. May 15 .._do-_._. ...do-..-. -do-..- ..-do .-do ..-do-.... ..-do--- May 16 ...do-.-.. _..do-...- ...do..... ...do-...- ...do— ...do-.... ..-do-.... ...do -do---. .do .do.-... -do —do ...do— .do—.. -do ...do -do ...do May 17 .do. ...do- -do- ..-do- -..do- _..do- -.-do- -..do- -.-do. -.-do- -..do- -.-do- ..-do. -.-do- -..do. -..do. ...do. ...do- .-do. -do. ...do- ..-do- ..-do. ...do. .-do. ...do- ...do. -.do. ...do -do --do ...do Narsarssuak AB. do Unidentified aircraft. do Cape Race radio Aguas Santas do Caxton Durham Trader Ca.xton Narsarssuak AB do-. Caxton... do .do- -do. .do. .do. -do- -do- -do- -do- Prins Ale.xander. Caxton -do- do... do Cape Race radio. do Zerda Beaverlodge. Dalton Hall. Prins Alexander. -do. .do- -do- .do- -do- -do. -do- -do- -do- -do- -do- do- -do- .do. -do- -do. -do- .do. -do. .do- do -. do do --.. Empress of France. Port Said BW-1 Fjord- BW-3 Fjord - 49 30 49 37 46 39 47 15 47 17 47 47 47 42 48 16 BW-1 Fjord - BW-3 Fjord - 48 42 48 46 48 48 48 50 48 52 49 08 49 10 49 13 49 15 53 30 53 40 52 58 51 33 51 33 52 15 49 55 52 46 52 26 52 44 52 30 52 23 52 29 53 14 52 56 53 07 53 05 A line from 49 00 I 52 28 to 49 10 52 56 52 18 52 54 49 54 54 00 49 54 54 19 50 06 I 54 26 thence southwest 49 49 49 44 46 40 46 40 47 02 54 02 54 59 51 45 52 55 51 50 Cape Race 46 59 51 28 51 51 51 55 51 56 51 59 52 00 52 02 52 04 52 08 52 09 51 46 51 51 51 55 51 56 51 59 52 00 52 02 52 04 52 08 Strait of do.. 55 10 54 49 54 49 54 37 54 39 54 26 54 04 54 15 54 35 53 48 55 19 54 49 54 49 54 38 54 39 54 24 54 05 54 15 54 35 Belle Isle- Empress of Scotland .... do USCGLTS, Battle Har- bor. Poseidon Empress of Scotland do.- do- , 50 53 57 53 50 59 57 56 51 00 57 43 46 32 53 13 52 00 54 30 46 36 53 16 46 34 53 17 Strait of 1 3olle Isle Close pack ice with many bergs and growlers. Close pack ice with few bergs and growlers. Large berg. 8 small bergs. Large berg (same as 689). Large berg (same as 588). Large growler. Berg (same as 706) . 2 small stationary radar targets. Berg. Close pack ice with bergs and growlers. 3 small bergs and many growlers. Growler. Do. Do. Do. Do. 5 bergs. 2 bergs. Berg. Do. Small growlers and pieces of ice dan- gerous to navigation. Small bergs and many pieces of ice. Strings of field ice 5 miles long. Limits of pack ice in Notre Dame Bay: Large berg. Do. 2 large bergs (same as 588). Large berg (same as 689). Large berg and several small pieces. (same as 588). Radar target i\i miles east of Cape Race, believed berg (same as 689). Large berg and 3 small growlers (same as 588). Large berg and many growlers and pieces. Berg. Growler and pieces. Berg. Small growlers. Growler and small pieces. Berg. Do. Large berg. Growler. Large berg, small growler and pieces. Berg. Berg and growler. Berg. Do. Growler and many pieces. Berg. Growlers. 2 large bergs. 25 bergs and many growlers between Point Amour and Belle Isle. 11 radar targets, probable bergs be- tween Point Amour and Rich Point. Growler. Do. Berg. Berg (same as 689). Bergs and growlers extend from this position to Strait of Belle Isle. Berg (same as 689). 5 growlers. Clear of field ice. 46 20 I 54 18 Berg (same as 689). 46 52 51 55 ! Low berg (same as 67 46 53 52 11 i Berg (same as 588). 47 24 I 51 13 Berg (same as 491). 33 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description May 17 ..do- .do. -do. May 18 -__do ...do—.. ...do.— . ...do-.... ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. .do. .do.. .do.. ...do., -.do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do.. ...do. ...do. .do. ..do. ..do. US Air Force. USN aircraft. .do- .do. DaltonHall Ice Patrol plane, .do .do. .do- .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ...do .. do . - do " ...do do. ...do..... .. do . do I ...do do ...do do .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. ..-.do. use G aircraft. ..do. -do. Argentia, New- foundland. Notre Dame Bay to 49 50 I 55 30 50 00 I 55 00 50 00 I 54 35 to 50 30 I 54 40 to 50 25 I 54 15 to 49 40 I 53 40 Indian Harbor to Cape Harrison / 54 40 I 56 33 to 54 15 I 57 10 to 54 00 I 57 00 to West Coast George Island to Entrance to Holy- rood Bay. Conception Bay... 47 44 I 52 42 Pouch Cove. West side Concep- tion Bay. 48 00 1 52 50 Grates Point Entrance Trinity Bay. 48 27 I 51 40 48 32 I 52 50 East coast Bona- vista Bay. Cape Bonavista to Cape Freels 'Newfoundland- coast at 49 CON to north close along shore around Cape Freels to F 0 g 0 Island thenceto west into Notre Dame Bay. Fogo Island to Cape St. John Bonavista Bay Vicinity Cape Bon- vista. Trinity Bay Twillingate to Belle Isle. Strait of Belle Isle.. 3 bergs bearing 138° magnetic from Argentia 70 to 85 miles distant. Southern limit of Newfoimdland pack ice. Waters east and north generally ice free to 54°00' N. except for widely scattered bergs and growlers. Scattered belts 12 to 29 miles wide. ■Limits of close pack ice off Labrador. Berg and growler (same as 525). Radar target, possible berg. Small growler (same as 694). Large berg (same as 588). Large and small growler (same as 678). Medium berg (same as 705). Small berg (same as 706). Small berg (same as 491). Small berg. Large berg. Berg between Bell and Kelly Islands. Small berg aground. Growler aground. 3 bergs and growler. Berg. Small berg aground. 8 growlers. Berg. Do. 4 bergs and growler agrotmd. 14 bergs and numerous growlers. Limits of close pack ice. Berg (same as 553). Berg. Do. Berg and 2 growlers. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. [s bergs. 9 bergs. 3 bergs. 2 bergs. Numerous bergs and growlers. No ice around Battle Harbor. 3 bergs just west of Belle Isle. 34- TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description May 18 ...do ...do ..do. ..do. -do-. USCG aircraft- USN Aircraft. USN vessel.... do USN aircraft. do. May 19 ...do ...do.-.. ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do..... ...do ...do ...do .do. ...do. .do. ...do May 20 ...do ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do ...do ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do- ...do. ...do. USCGC Matagorda. do do do Wanstead do do American Counselor. do , do Elysia do... do Gluecjauf. Imperial Frederickton. do do Belfri Elysia do Narsarssuak AB do Joao Marti. USN aircraft- .do. do USCGC Bibb. do do do Baron Geddes City of Perth do_ Cape Race radio. Imperial Fredericton. Idefjord do do do.. do... do do do do do Tadamsterdam. Notre Dame Bay. 47 00 46 47 52 00 52 27 47 03 52 16 Notre Dame Bay.. Notre Dame Bay to St. Michaels Bay. 48 55 48 05 47 12 46 42 47 17 47 01 46 48 46 44 46 48 46 48 46 37 46 43 46 48 48 49 46 49 47 11 47 00 47 48 46 46 46 47 BW-1 Fjord BW-3 Fjord 50 05 51 31 52 42 52 18 51 34 52 21 52 35 52 15 52 05 52 30 53 21 52 32 52 35 50 18 52 36 52 48 52 26 50 20 52 18 52 11 48 35 I 50 08 / 54 20 I 57 30 to West tip George Island to 54 30 I 56 40 to 55 20 I 56 45 to 55 25 I 58 15 to 55 30 I 57 25 to V 55 50 I 59 20 Labrador East coast of Green^ land. 46 48 52 42 46 48 52 42 52 32 52 46 50 03 51 47 52 50 47 GO 47 10 48 43 47 14 46 44 Cape Race Gull Island to 49 15 I 53 25 to 49 53 I 53 42 to 50 10 51 52 51 52 51 52 51 53 51 55 51 56 52 04 52 04 52 32 52 34 48 33 53 42 55 13 55 14 55 15 55 16 55 08 55 09 54 47 54 48 54 25 53 19 49 45 Pack ice in Notre Dame Bay extends to northern limit at Gull Island. Berg 50 feet high (same as 705). Large berg with numerous growlers (same as 588). Berg (same as 705). Close pack ice in bay. No ice along coast e.xcept few bergs and growlers. Large berg (same as 553). Small radar targets, possible growlers. Small berg (same as 706). Medium berg (same as 588). Growlers. Berg (same as 705). Large berg (same as 588). Growlers (same as 694). Small berg (same as 678). Large berg (same as 588). Large berg (same as 689). Growler. Large berg (same as 588). Small berg (same as 553). Berg (same as 588). Berg (same as 706). Bergy bits. Berg (same as 525). 3 growlers (same as 694). Small berg and growler (same as 678). Bergs and growlers. Pack ice and growler.s in fjord; seaward to 100 miles, bergy bits and growlers. Close pack ice extends out beyond 100 miles. Berg (same as 553). Limits of pack ice oS Labrador coast. Fish Cove to Cape Porcupine, Sand- wich Bay and Cartwright free of ice. Comprehensive ice report. Large pinnacled berg, 165 feet high and 2 small growlers (same as 588). Large pinnacle separated from main berg (same as 588) . Large and small growler (same as 705). Berg (same as 706). Berg (same as 553). Berg (same as 491). Berg (same as 588). Large berg 9 miles east (same as 588). I Several bergs west of this line. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Berg and growler (same as 553 35 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description May 20 ...do .do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do- ...do. ...do. ...do- ...do. ...do- ...do. ...do. ...do- ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. May 21 ...do ..do..... ..do.... ..do..... ...do..... .do..... .do ...do..... ..do..-.. ..do ...do..... .do .do..... ..do..... ..do ...do..... ..do..... ..do..... ..do..... ..do .-do ..do..... ..do—.. -do...-. ...do .-.do ...do..... ...do..-. ...do..... ...do .-do ...do ...do..... ...do..... --do..... ...do..... .--do.— Ice Patrol plane. do -do- .do. .do. .do- -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do- .do. .do. .do. .do. .do- .do. .do. ....do... ....do ....do ....do ....do Narsarssuak AB. ....do USCGC Chambers. HMCS Swansea ...do-- -...do Cape Race Radio. -. ...do USN aircraft USCGC Chambers. Atlantic do ....do ....do ....do USN aircraft Ice Patrol plane . do do do do.. do do... do do Arabia... do... do do Froydis Oakby do OSV Bravo do US AF aircraft... Arabia do Bastia.. do Atlantic Cape Freels to Notre Dame Bay. 50 00 I 53 06 [ 50 00 I 54 00 to [ 50 30 I 54 00 Cape Freels I to Fogo Island 50 00 50 06 50 28 50 35 50 44 50 46 50 56 51 03 51 04 51 06 51 12 51 15 51 20 51 23 51 30 51 35 51 37 Belle Isle 54 00 54 11 53 27 53 43 54 20 54 36 54 26 54 13 53 23 51 54 54 26 51 47 54 20 53 50 51 53 53 49 53 58 52 17 52 20 52 33 52 45 53 08 BW-1 Fjord BW-3 Fjord 53 29 54 10 53 55 54 28 54 16 46 41 47 11 46 45 46 53 Cape Race ....do 47 15 47 06 52 11 52 45 52 50 52 44 51 52 51 57 51 58 52 13 51 42 51 38 54 23 54 45 54 17 55 00 Labrador coast. 46 30 53 00 46 35 52 45 46 37 52 31 46 37 53 04 46 57 52 10 46 57 52 48 47 03 52 40 48 16 49 48 46 35 52 54 46 42 52 57 46 46 52 47 47 06 51 42 47 01 51 54 Cape Bonavista. North Head 56 49 56 46 56 50 46 33 46 34 46 38 46 42 51 16 51 24 59 45 53 08 53 10 53 00 53 01 Strait of Belle Isle.. ...do. ....do 51 40 Pack ice close along shore. A 5 mile wide patch of field ice extends to north from this position. ■Loose strings of field ice along this line. 38 bergs and 24 growlers within 15 miles, of shoreline. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Growler. Berg. Do. 4 growlers. Berg. Do. Do. Berg and growler. Berg. Growler. 30 bergs and 25 growlers within 30 mlles- of Belle Isle and Cape Bauld. Berg. Do. Growler. 2 bergs. Berg. Bergs and growlers. Close pack ice with bergs and growlers- to seaward. Small berg (same as 678). Berg (same as 706). Berg (same as 588). Berg (same as 705). Berg 9 miles to east (same as 588). Growler 1 mile off shore. Small growler (same as 491). Berg and 3 growlers (same as 491). Growler. Berg and 12 growlers. Growler. Berg. Do. Pack ice extends 50 miles oS coast'to southern boundary at Cape Harri- son. Berg and growler (same as 689). 3 growlers. Berg (same as 678). Growler. Berg and 2 growlers (same as 588). Berg (same as 491). Berg (same as 705). Berg (same as 706) . . . Berg and growler (same as 553). Growler. Berg (same as 588). Growler. Berg (same as 491). Medium berg (same as 706). 3 bergs close by. Berg offshore. Large berg. 2 small growlers. Huge berg. Small growlers. Growler. Growlers. 2 small bergs (same as 588). 15 bergs and many growlers betweeih Cape Norman and Point Amour. Berg. 36 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Descriptioa May 21 --do __.do..... --do --.do _-_do-__. ---do ---do .-.do --do ---do -..do..... May 22 .-.do..-.. --.do ---do --.do .-do..... ...do..... --.do ...do -..do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do .-.do ...do ...do .-.do ...do --.do ...do --.do .-.do....- .-.do ...do ...do AtlantiC- .do- .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do- .do. .do. -do. -do. .do. .do-... .do.... .do..-, .do.... .do.... -do.... .do.... .do.... .do..-. -do.— .do.— -do. —do- do do do do do do USN aircraft--. do USCGC Sorrel- do do Svanefjell Stavangerfjord.- USCGC Sorrel. do. .-. do do do do USN aircraft --- Prins Willem do do do do do. do do do do do do do do do do do USN aircraft-.-. Prins Willem do do.-- -. do do do USCGC Sorrel- do do do do do do Narsarssuak AB. do USCGC Sorrel Manchester E.xplorer. Caslon USCGC Sorrel do do do do Manchester Explorer- Manchester City USN aircraft ---. Ice Patrol plane- do— - do do do do....- do do. . do do do— Cutler do Manchester City- Belle Isle 51 52 51 54 50 57 51 12 51 17 51 20 Cape Harrison. West Greenland .. 55 01 55 15 57 28 57 06 56 59 57 08 46 42 52 50 46 37 53 12 46 39 52 50 46 50 52 00 46 45 52 50 48 33 52 59 48 37 52 58 48 43 52 55 48 43 53 01 48 46 52 47 48 47 53 08 Baffin Bs ly 51 04 57 32 51 16 56 51 51 17 57 12 51 21 57 00 51 31 56 32 51 34 56 26 51 42 55 50 51 43 56 16 51 43 56 24 51 43 56 27 51 43 56 37 51 44 55 34 51 44 55 46 51 45 56 12 51 46 55 34 51 47 55 56 51 48 55 52 51 42 55 50 51 45 56 12 51 47 55 56 51 48 55 52 51 54 55 02 51 55 55 07 49 08 53 21 49 12 53 15 49 19 53 11 49 48 52 56 49 58 53 02 50 17 53 20 50 22 53 45 BW-1 Fjc rd BW-3 Fjc rd 50 36 53 57 47 09 52 02 Strait of Belle Isle. 51 39 55 10 51 41 55 07 51 43 55 07 51 53 55 06 51 56 55 08 46 46 52 50 47 07 51 58 Labrador 46 47 52 42 46 56 52 45 47 13 51 40 48 25 49 54 48 25 50 09 46 53 52 52 Cape Bal 46 40 ard 52 50 2 bergs and 2 growlers aground at Northeast Ledge. Berg. Berg and many growlers. Large berg. Large berg and many growlers. Berg. 2 bergs and many growlers. Southern boundary of pack ice. Comprehensive report of ice. Berg (same as 705). 3 growlers. Small berg (same as 706). Berg (same as 491). Medium berg (same as 706). Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Comprehensive ice report. Berg and growler. Berg. Growler. Berg. Do. Large berg. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 2 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Coastal waters south of Cape Harrison generally free of pack ice but with many bergs and growlers. Berg. Do. Large berg. Do. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Stationary radar target. Numerous growlers. Do. Stationary radar target. Bergs and growlers. Growlers and very little brash ice. Bergs and growlers to seaward. Berg. Medium berg (same as 830). 15 bergs from Belle Isle to Point Amour. Berg. Do. Do. Small berg. Do. 2 bergs. Berg. Many bergs and growlers from George Island to Cape Harrison. 18 mUe wide pack 50 mOes long centered at 54°45' X., 56°50' W. 2 small bergs and growlers (same as 705 and 706). Small berg (same as 491). Small berg (same as 830). 2 growlers. Medium berg (same as 553). Berg (same as 491). Numerous growlers from Tommy Bank to Cape Ballard. Small berg (same as 491). 3035891—55- 37 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description May 22 ...do ...do May 24 _..do ...do ...do ...do ...do ..-do ...do ...do ...do ...do May 25 May 26 ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do May 27 ...do ...do ...do ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do May 28 ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do May 29 May 30 ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do May 31 ..do. ..do. ..do. Narsarssuak AB do USN aircraft.... USCGC Sorrel. do do do do. do do. do do do USCGC Bibb. Hydro., Wash.. Franconia Thistledowne.- Antonis Galerna Ice Patrol plane . do... do Atlantic do Narsarssuak AB. do USCGC Evergreen.. Unidentified aircraft- Ice Patrol plane. Narsarssuak AB do TCA aircraft... USCGC Sorrel. do do do. do Nova Scotia do do USCGC Sorrel... do TWA aircraft Norwich Victory. Fort Hamilton... do. do Narsarssuak AB.. do USN aircraft Foz do Douro Bea verburn do do do- do- do do do do-. do... do Narsarssuak AB do - USN aircraft USCGC Evergreen. BW-1 Fjord BW-3 Fjord Newfoundland and Labrador. 55 24 55 28 55 34 55 06 55 34 55 36 55 07 55 29 55 08 55 07 52 11 Baffin Land- 46 49 51 20 48 13 50 37 51 58 52 00 52 02 52 04 52 05 52 07 52 10 52 11 52 12 52 15 47 24 48 20 47 17 47 16 47 17 47 17 50 55 52 35 52 25 52 30 52 50 Strait of Belle Isle. do BW-1 Fjord BW-3 Fjord 48 29 49 13 48 18 51 01 BW-1 Fjord- 53 15 50 40 BW-3 Fjord- 49 13 51 55 52 08 52 09 53 13 55 26 55 28 55 30 Strait of Belle Isle. 55 53 52 38 52 38 52 37 57 22 56 54 53 25 52 37 52 47 52 45 Cape Broyle BW-1 Fjord BW-3 Fjord Disko Bay 51 49 47 03 47 04 47 05 50 52 51 20 49 30 47 06 47 05 47 02 48 16 50 47 50 47 51 10 51 21 51 34 51 41 51 44 51 48 51 52 51 48 Belle Isle BW-1 Fjord BW-3 Fjord Sondrestrom Fjord. 48 16 50 56 51 05 58 12 58 16 57 16 56 58 56 26 56 16 56 13 56 04 55 56 55 32 Durham Trader 50 07 do... __. 50 07 do I 50 12 59 40 59 47 59 34 Bergs and bergy bits. Little brash ice and 1 growler. Scattered patches 4 by 10 miles field ice from Fogo Island to 25 miles north- ward. No sea ice from 50°15' N., 54°30' W., to HamUton Inlet. Several bergs in this sector to 50 miles oflshore. Stationary radar target. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Small berg (same as 8.30). Report of ice. Radar target. Stationary radar target believed berg (same as 553) . Berg (same as 553). Large berg (same as 830). Growler. Small berg (same as 830) . Berg aground. 13 bergs and many growlers. 4 bergs south of Belle Isle. Bergy bits. Some growlers and bergy bits. Fevr growlers and close pack ice from 3 miles out to seaward. Berg 92 feet high, 400 feet long (same as 553). Large berg. Berg (same as 553). Few bergy bits and growlers. Few bergy bits and growlers in close pack ice 4 miles seaward. 3 growlers and some brash ice. Large berg. Berg. Do. Do. Numerous bergs and growlers along shore from Cape Bauld to Cape Norman. 2 bergs. Berg (same as 830). 2 growlers. Grov/ler. Small berg. Growler. 3 large bergs 10 mUes offshore. Berg (same as 830). Berg (same as 1064). Berg (same as 830). Growler and pieces to NNB. Clear. Some brash ice and 1 growler. Many bergs and growlers but no pack ice. Large berg and growler (same as 553). Growler. Radar target. Do. Small berg. Berg. Do. Do. Do. 2 radar targets. Several radar targets. No ice sighted east of Belle Isle. Berg and bergy bits. Few growlers. Clear of ice. Berg 50 feet high, 200 feet long (same as 553). 2 bergs, 1 growler. 3 small bergs. Large berg. 38 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description June ..do- US N aircraft. USN vessel... ..do. ..do- ..do. .-do. -.do. ..do- ._do- ..do- ..do. ..do. ._do. ..do. ..do. ..do- ..do- -.do. ..do- ..do. ..do_ Narsarssuak AB. ..._do Ice Patrol plane., do ..do. ..do. ..do. .-do. -do- -.do- --do. ..do. —do —do ..do --do ...do-.... —do-.... ..-do-—. ...do-—. ...do.--. ..-do.—. .do- —do — do-..-. June 2 —do..... -do. .do- -do. ...do-.... June 3 ..-do. June ...do. ...do. --.do. ...do. --.do. .-do- .do. -do. -do- .do- -do- .do- .do. .do- -do- .do- .do. .do- .do- .do- do. .do- -do. -do. .do. -do. -do- -do. -do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do- .do. -do. -do- .do- -do. .do. do do- ..- USN vessel Narsarssuak AB. do.. do USN aircraft. do :. USN vessel. do .-- Coulbreck do Narsarssuak AB. -do. do Ice Patrol plane. do BafBn Land Strait of Belle Isle. BW-1 Fjord BW-3 Fjord 48 10 51 09 52 17 I 55 08 Cape Freels Bonavista Bay Conception Bay.. Bonavista Bay Fogo Island 49 45 I 53 50 49 45 54 00 49 52 I 54 03 Fogo Island -do- Between Fogo Is- land and New World Island. Bell Island, New- foundland. Groats Island Hope Bay St. Anthony Har- bor. 51 27 I 55 22 Cape Bauld-- do-.- Cape Bauld to Cape Norman. 51 44 I 55 18 51 48 I 55 30 Belle Isle-.. Between Belle Isle and Labrador coast. 55 35 55 30 55 30 55 30 55 30 55 05 55 12 55 15 55 08 St. Anthony Har- bor, Labrador. Spotted Island 52 00 52 02 52 04 52 06 52 08 52 10 52 10 52 13 52 15 53 40 53 45 53 00 Narsak. 55 45 55 30 55 30 BW-3 Fjord-. BW-1 Fjord.. Baffin Island. Northern Baffin Bay. Labrador.. 55 30 59 30 49 04 53 12 49 Var 25 sak.- 53 35 BW-3 Fjord BW-1 Fjord Cape St. Francis- Trinity Bay Report of ice conditions. Most southerly berg at 50°00' N., 57°05' W. 3 bergs and bergy bits. Few growlers and bergy bits. Berg (same as 553). Berg. 6 bergs and 2 growlers in vicinity. Berg aground. Do. 3 bergs, 2 growlers. 3 bergs and growler 4 miles to south. Berg. Small berg. Berg. Small berg and 2 growlers 2 miles north- east. 5 small bergs and 2 growlers 4 miles to northwest. 2 small bergs and 2 medium bergs. Berg aground at northwest tip. Berg aground at northeast tip. Berg at entrance. 2 small bergs and growler. Berg. 2 small bergs aground 3 mOes south. 2 large bergs aground and numerous growlers. 3 bergs. Berg. 2 bergs and growler. 2 bergs and growler aground southwest coast. 4 bergs, 2 growlers. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 3 growlers. 8 growlers. Growler. 4 bergs aground. 2 large bergs, 2 small bergs, and 2 growlers in vicinity. Large berg and medium berg. 2 growlers. 6 bergs. Few bergy bits and growlers and open pack ice to seaward, and few bergy bits and growlers in fjord. Some growlers and 25 percent floe ice. Clear. Lead at northern shore Frobisher Bay joining polyna at 62°25' N, 65°35' W. Open water to southern tip Loks Land. Comprehensive report of ice and limits. Very few bergs and no pack ice from Belle Isle to Cartwright, Labrador. 5 bergs. 3 bergs. 2 bergs. Many growlers and bergy bits and 45 percent floe ice to seaward ; few bergy bits and growlers and little floe ice in fjord. Berg and 2 growlers and 95 percent pack ice. Clear. 2 bergs and 2 growlers in vicinity. 5 bergs and 2 growlers aground on west shore. 39 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued Date June 4 ._.do.— . June 5 .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ...do. ...do. ...do. -_-do. June ...do- ...do. ...do. ...do- ...do. ...do- ...do- ...do. _-.do_ _..do. ...do. ...do. -do_ .do- .do- .do. -do. _do. .do. .do. ..do. ..do_ -.do. ..do- ..do. Name of vessel Ice Patrol plane. do _ _-_. Narsarssuak AB. —.do ..-.do USNS Anacostia. ....do USN aircraft ...do .do. Conet Rita MSTS Valdez... Ice Patrol plane. .do- .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do .do .do .do .do .do. .do. .do. North latitude .do .do .do .do .do .do .do .do -do .do West longitude Cape Bonavista. Grates Point Narsak BW-3 Fjord... BW-1 Fjord... 47 48 I 52 47 43 I 52 Baffin Bay Cape Harrison to 58°30' N. 59 15 t 63 00 to 59 15 I 61 15 to 61 30 I 63 00 63 00 I 60 00 Between Fogo Is- land and Belle Isle. Belle Isle. Labrador coast be- tween 52°35' N. and 54°00' N. 53 40 I 54 50 54 10 I 55 00 Within 20 mile ra- dius of Southeast Rks, Labrador. White Bear Island. Within 18 mile ra- dius of position 54°50' N., 57°12' W. Within 15 mile ra- dius of position 55°15' N., 58°20' W. Within 20 mile ra- dius of 55°35' N., 59°30' W. 56 12 I 58 03 Within 7 miles of line from 56°10' N., 58°07' W. to 56°50' N., 58°50' W. Between Cape Harrigan and 57°00' N. 57 20 I 59 15 57 45 I 59 40 Labrador coast at 58°30' N. Within 5 miles of line from 58°25' N., 61°35' W. to 59°15' N., 62°10' W. Description Berg and growler aground. Berg aground. Few bergs and growlers seaward; 90 percent pack ice in fjord. 80 percent pack ice. Clear. Berg (same as 1167). Do. Comprehensive report ice limits and conditions. No pack ice in this area to 30 mUes sea- ward. Limits of pack ice Labrador coast. 2 bergs. Berg about 75 feet high (same as 553) . Berg (same as 1064). 16 bergs. 13 bergs in vicinity. 19 bergs from shore to 25 mUes seaward Growler. 2 growlers. 8 bergs. 25 bergs in vicinity. 13 bergs. 3 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. 10 bergs. 15 bergs. Large berg. 12 bergs. 18 bergs in area to 30 mUes offshore Berg. Do. 3 bergs. 10 small bergs.. 3 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. 2 small bergs. 40 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 1208 Labrador coast ' The southernmost pack ice is at 54°35' N. between Hamilton Inlet and Cape Harrison. Pack is close along shore to Cape Harrison and 10-15 miles wide to Cape Harrigan, thence a 10 mile lead to shore followed by tongue 10 miles wide extending from beach to 30 miles out at 56°30' N. Northward to 58°30' N., pack is close along shore and discontinuous, varying 3-5 miles width. At 58°30' N. pack extends 70 miles from coast and maintains this width to Cape Chidlev and northward. Pack ice ranges open and light becoming close and heavy to north. .\t Cape Chidley, pack is close and heavy for 30 miles offshore and more open to 70 miles. 1209 Stad Vlaardlngen. 47 54 52 50 2 bergs and several growlers (same as 1167). 1210 ._.do...._ Unidentifled aircraft.. . .. 55 00 59 00 Many largo medium bergs. 1211 June 9 do USCG aircraft 48 47 40 47 51 52 12 .54 Small berg (same as 553). 1212 Stad Vlaardingen Growler. 1213 do do. 47 47 47 48 47 48 47 49 47 54 47 55 55 43 48 48 51 58 48 40 48 43 48 40 Bell Islar house. 52 58 52 49 52 52 52 50 52 52 52 59 58 01 50 13 55 22 50 20 50 20 50 20 id Light- Concep- Do. 1214 do do Do. 1215 do do Do. 1216 do do Small berg. 1217 do ... do Berg (same as 1167). 1218 do do Do. 1219 June 10 June 13 ...do . .. June 15 do Hydro, Wash -. Unusually large ice formation. 1220 Suorva Berg observed by radar (same as 553). 1221 loannis Zafirakis . . .. Large berg. 1222 Baron Belhaven.. ... Small berg (same as 5.53). 1223 .. do . 6 growlers in a 3 mile radius. 1224 ...do June 16 USCG aircraft Small berg (same as 553). 1225 Baron Belhaven ._ . 4 growlers and numerous pieces of ice 3 miles north. tion Ba y- 1226 ...do June 18 Waltham Victory... 65 48 55 05 53 5'' 10 10 Small berg. 1227 USCG aircraft Small berg and 6 growlers. 1228 ...do do Hydro, Wash 60 60 60 62 62 55 14 24 44 25 35 11 53 53 ,52 53 52 58 45 31 54 40 53 22 2 bergs. 1229 do . Berg. 1230 do do Do. 1231 do .. do Do. 1232 June 19 ...do--.. do Do. 1233 do Rotten floe ice extending 30 miles north. 1234 June 20 do do 49 14 48 49 Conccpti 48 00 .53 00 52 10 on Bay... 52 33 8 bergs within a 12 mile radius. 1235 do - Berg. 1236 ...do ...do..... USCG aircraft Small berg and growler. 1237 Small berg. 1238 do do 48 16 52 30 Growler. 1239 June 22 Hydro, Wash . 20 bergs and growlers in Strait and inshore along Labrador coast to southern limit at 51''20' N. 1240 June 23 do 59 04 54 03 3 bergs. 1241 do .. do .59 60 60 61 61 62 58 22 18 19 14 21 08 40 54 54 53 53 54 54 49 06 02 55 54 04 45 05 Berg. 1242 do do... Do. 1243 do do Do. 1244 do do Do. 1245 do ... do .- .- Do. 1246 do do Do. 1247 June 27 Mormacmail 3 bergs and growlers. 1248 do do 1 59 59 49 08 25 36 48 48 53 08 15 40 Bere. 1249 do .. . do .- Berg and growler. 1250 June 28 Pleasantville. 3 bergs. 1251 do do 48 51 37 .38 52 56 45 19 Berg. 1252 July 7 Hydro, Wash Do. 1253 July 13 July 14 July 16 July 17 July 18 do 49 51 50 49 49 46 39 10 35 15 53 56 54 52 52 10 05 25 40 13 Do. 1254 do Large berg. 1255 Campogrande.. Large berg, 105 feet high. 1256 Hvdro, Wash Large berg. 1257 USCGC Half Moon Small berg drifting south 0.5 knot. 1258 July 20 USCGC Evergreen 58 58 45 06 Berg. 1259 do - do . . ^ 58 59 59 58 03 04 45 45 44 11 10 40 Do. 1260 . do - . do Do. 1261 ...do Do. 1262 .. do .... do. 59 .53 12 52 45 55 05 55 Do. 1263 July 23 Hydro, Wash Large berg and several growlers. 1264 July 26 .. do do 54 54 54 55 49 .50 55 56 04 35 56 56 55 56 53 05 29 53 26 05 Berg. 1265 do Do. 1266 do . do Do. 1267 .. do do 4 small bergs. 1268 July 27 do... Berg. 41 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953— Continued No. 1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 ia38 1339' Date July 27 .._do -_.do July 29 July 30 —do --do ...do ...do ...do .--do July 31 Aug. 1 Aug. 2 Aug. 4 ...do ...do..... Aug. 5 Aug. 8 -.do Aug. 9 — do ...do Name of vessel 29 ...do Aug. 10 Aug. 13 Aug. 14 ..do Aug. 15 Aug. 21 Aug. 23 Aug. 24 --do Aug. 26 ..-do Aug. ---do Aug. Aug. 30 Aug. 31 ...do-— .-.do.... Sept. 5 ...do..... Sept. 7 ..-do..... ...do ...do...-. ...do.—. Sept. 16 Sept. 21 Sept. 27 Sept. 28 Oct. 8 Oct. 13 Oct. 19 Oct. 20 Oct. 22 .--do Oct. 26 .-.do.... --do Oct. 28 Nov. 5 Nov. 11 Nov. 15 .-do Nov. 17 Nov. 24 .-do Nov. 25 Paludina do . do Coulbreck do do. do do do do Bassano Hydro, Wash do Unidentified vessel, do North latitude Hydro, Wash. USN vessel... .do- Hydro, Wash- ...-do do -do ..do do Bassano. Hydro, Wash Unidentifled aircraft ....do .- Hydro, Wash Prins Johan WiUem Frisco. Sneaton Coulbreck --..do Unidentified aircraft Unidentified British vessel. USCGC Sorrel Astoria USCGC Sebago... Hydro, Wash Lawrence Victory do -..-do Hydro, Wash 52 .56 53 05 53 39 54 26 55 43 55 08 55 15 55 15 55 39 55 39 53 16 52 08 55 53 52 49 52 19 52 57 West longitude 55 29 55 31 55 38 54 19 57 30 56 00 56 10 56 12 56 41 57 10 52 18 55 13 57 35 51 51 51 26 52 57 Thule, Greenland. .do. 62 27 52 28 I Belle Isle. -...do.... do.... 54 17 51 55 do -. do do do do do Hydro. Wash, do. Paludina. _ Monroe Victory. Hydro, Wash... ...-do .--do do. Captain Farmakides. ..-.do Hydro, Wash ...-do.... ..-.do ....do.... ....do.... ..-.do USNS Peconic. Hydro, Wash... do. 53 27 53 00 52 50 55 24 64 54 52 35 52 30 52 33 52 38 54 46 51 58 62 51 52 02 52 13 52 22 51 05 I 53 24 54 01 54 12 I Labrador 51 45 52 16 51 00 57 45 57 45 50 00 50 00 49 33 55 15 56 44 51 10 53 04 55 15 54 53 55 03 51 40 55 22 56 40 56 40 coast Hydro, Wash. do-.- do Strait of 57 46 58 10 58 30 58 56 59 05 54 43 55 10 52 00 64 44 59 19 51 09 49 69 53 36 49 46 49 22 59 24 53 24 63 18 52 48 63 35 68 00 62 00 52 00 53 24 63 27 52 22 53 17 Belle Isle. Description 60 14 60 39 60 34 60 44 60 35 56 00 56 .30 55 39 53 40 41 44 54 56 53 48 55 .30 54 14 52 56 48 00 65 22 55 24 64 38 65 13 39 00 65 18 66 30 65 30 55 31 55 29 55 26 Large berg. Small berg. Large berg. Do. 6 large bergs and 2 small bergs. 2 bergs. Do. 3 bergs. 1 large berg. Berg. 2 large bergs and 6 growlers. Medium berg. Do. 2 bergs. Berg. 2 large bergs. Close pack ice wth many bergs ab out 10 miles offshore. Many bergs and growlers in area; no pack ice. Possible berg. 2 bergs, 1 rather large. Bergs i miles north. Bergs 10 miles north-northeast. 4 medium and 3 large bergs along first 50 mUes from Belle Isle on track G. Large berg. Large berg, 125 feet high. Large berg. Berg. Do. Do. Large berg. Top just broke oS with numerous growlers. 2 large bergs. Large berg. Do. Very large berg. Large berg. Growler. 2 medium sized bergs. 2 medium bergs. Large berg. Do. Berg. Do. Many growlers close inshore of BeUe Isle. 2 medium bergs. Large berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Large berg. 3 bergs. Large berg 85 feet high. Large berg. Berg. Berg. 100 to 150 feet high. Medium berg (same as 1323). Berg, 300 feet long, 40 feet high. 2 small bergs. Medium berg (same as 1323). Scattered bergs and bergy bits. Large berg. Do. Berg. Growler. 3 bergs in area of 20 square miles. Small berg (same as 1331). Small berg (same as 1334). Medium ber f (same as 1325). 2 bergs (same as 1335). Berg. Large berg 30 feet above water, 450 feet long (same as 1330). 42 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1953 — Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 1340 Dec. 12 ...do.... Hydro, Wash 60 51 59 32 59 24 57 58 57 46 57 44 57 29 57 24 57 12 56 58 56 50 59 47 56 32 61 39 61 37 57 49 58 52 49 30 34 56 37 00 37 00 39 03 39 33 40 47 39 52 39 54 40 14 40 33 40 46 38 00 40 45 33 03 33 10 38 29 34 56 50 30 Small berg and growlers. Radar target. Small berg. Berg and growlers. Do 1341 do.- 1342 do do . 1343 Dee. 13 . do- - do 1344 do 1345 1346 ..-do . do do "-I- Large berg. Berg and growlers. Do! 1347 1348 —do ---do '.y//.do'"/////"/.'"".'.'/.'.'. 1349 -- do— - do Do 1350 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 ...do Dec. 17 Dec. 20 ...do..... ...do Dec. 22 Dec. 23 Dec. 24 .■-"do""-".'-"--"'""""] Trans Canada plane Hydro, Wash do Do. Berg. Large berg. Do. Do. Berg. Small berg. 2 large bergs. 1356 1357 do Scandinavian plane 43 PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE GRAND BANKS REGION AND THE LABRADOR SEA IN 1953 ' By Floyd M. Soule^ A. J. Bush, and J. E. Murray, U. S. Coast Guard The 180-foot tender-class cutter USCGC Evergreen again served in 1953 as the oceanographic vessel of the ice patrol. The only major change affecting the oceanographic work was the installation on the starboard side of the fantail of a davit and cradle to handle and hold a new instrument lalo^vn as a deep electronic bathythermograph. As the instrument traces a curve of temperature against depth it will be be referred to by the abbreviated title TD in a subsequent description of it and the work done with it. The oceanographic survey work of the 1953 ice patrol season began with the departure of the Evergreen from Argentia on the evening of 1 April. Because of the rapid movement of a couple of early season bergs along the eastern slope of the Grand Banks to and somewhat westward of the southern end of the banks the first survey was planned to include a small area just west of the Tail of the Banks and extending around the southern end of the banks and northward along the eastern elope of the banks to about the 46th parallel. The work of collection of data began at the southwestern corner of the survey on the early morning of 3 April and was completed without interruption from the weather on the early afternoon of 14 April, 66 stations having been occupied. A course was then laid for Argentia where the Evergreen arrived on the morning of 16 April. On the evening of 26 April the Evergreen departed Argentia for the purpose of making a second survey, this time of the waters over and immediately seaward of the northeastern and eastern slopes of the Grand Banks north of about 45° N., and west of about 45° W. The survey began on the mornmg of 28 April at the northwestern edge of the area and progressed southward. The survey work was interrupted on the evening of 28 April after completing station 5063 to search the area of probable drift of a berg reported at 47°55' N., 47°40' W., at 1430 G. C. T., on the 27th. Current fixes were obtained once an hour with the von Ai-x current meter (GEK) and, following arrival at the reported position at 0730 G. C. T., on 29 AprU, the ship proceeded downstream as indicated by the GEK for 33 miles after which a ladder search, beginning 6 miles farther downstream, was undertaken back » To be reprinted as Contribution No. 675 in the Collected Reprints of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 45 toward the reported position. Two radar targets found in the area were identified as vessels. The Evergreen then returned to the posi- tion of station 5064 and resumed oceanographic work on the late evening of 29 April. No further interruptions occurred and the survey, comprised of 81 stations was completed on the early morning of 9 May. Course was then laid for the vicinity of station 5130 where earlier measurements indicated the presence of surface water of approximately the desired salinity for use as substandard water. The location was reached on the late afternoon of 9 May and a carboy of water was collected for use during subsequent surveys. The Ever- green then proceeded toward Argentia and after searching the area in the vicinity of Cape Race and westward for bergs Argentia was reached on the evening of 11 May. A third survey was begun with the departure of the Evergreen from Argentia on the afternoon of 26 May. Tliis survey consisted of the occupation of the Bonavista triangle beginning and ending at the off- shore corner. The work of collection of data began late on 27 May. Work progressed counterclockwise around the triangle without incident until the early morning of 29 May when the Wenner salinity bridge developed a derangement in its measuring circuits. Tests indicated the existence of a ground inside the tank containing the constant temperature oil bath. On completion of station 5155 the ship was hove to on the easiest possible heading while the bridge was completely dismantled, the grounded circuit remedied, and the bridge reassembled. Operations were then resumed after a delay of about 14 hours. No further interruptions occurred and the last of the 30 stations comprising the survey was completed on the early morning of 31 May. The Evergreen then proceeded to Argentia arriving there about noon on 1 June. At midday on 5 June the Evergreen departed Argentia to begin a fourth survey. The area to be covered was similar in location to that of the first survey but extending northward to the latitude of Flemish Cap and omitting the area westward of the southern end of the Grand Banks. Work began at the northern end of the area on the afternoon of 6 June and was completed, after the occupation of 78 stations, on the early morning of 17 June. As the International Ice Patrol had been discontinued for the 1953 season during the progress of the survey the Evergreen proceeded to Boston to await the beginning of the postseason cruise. On the afternoon of 7 July the Evergreen departed Boston to begin the postseason observations reaching the offshore corner of the Bonavista triangle on 11 July. Proceeding counterclockwise around the triangle the last of the 30 stations was completed on the afternoon of 14 July. From this point the Evergreen proceeded to South Wolf Island where, on the early morning of 16 July, a section across the Labrador Sea to Cape Farewell, Greenland, was begun. Just seaward A6 of the Labrador continental shelf it was necessary for the first and only time during the 1953 operations, to heave to because of boisterous weather. After a delay of approximately 18 hours progress was resumed. A coastal belt of ice off Cape Farewell, combined with darkness and low visibility forced the termination of the section, the last of 22 stations being completed 14^ miles off Cape Farewell late on the evening of 20 July. The Evergreen then proceeded via Argentia to Woods Hole where the field work for 1953 was concluded with the unloading on 27 July of oceanographic equipment and personnel. The oceanographic work was under the supervision of Oceanogra- pher Floyd M, Soule who was assisted by LCDR Armand J. Bush and LT John E. Murray. Other assistants in the observational work were Francis N. Brown, yeoman first class; Lewis M. Lawday, aerog- rapher's mate second class; Hugh R. McCartney, Jr., aerographer's mate second class; Donald Zacher, aerographer's mate third class; and Joseph R. Stefanick, seaman. Of the 306 stations occupied during the season and postseason cruises, the 22 stations comprising the section across the Labrador Sea were occupied from the surface to as near bottom as was practi- cable, and at the remaining 284 stations the observations extended to a depth of about 1,500 meters where the depth of water permitted. As in previous years the intended depths of observation, in meters, were 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 600, 800, 1,000, and thence by 500-meter intervals. The dynamic heights have been referred to the 1,000-decibar surface, except for the section across the Labrador Sea where the 1,500-decibar surface was used as the reference surface. In addition to the usual measurements of temperature and salinity, 261 samples were taken during the occupation of the South Wolf Island-Cape Farewell section for ultimate determination of total phosphorus concentration. Temperatures were measured with deep sea reversing thermometers. Most of the protected thermometers were of Richter and Wiese manufacture but a small percentage were manufactured by Negretti and Zambia, G. M. Manufacturing Co., and the Kahl Scientific Instrument Corp. The depths of observation were based on unpro- tected thermometers made by Richter and Wiese and by Kahl. The thermometers were used in pairs and a program of intercomparison of protected thermometers was carried out by periodically changing the individual thermometers comprising the pairs. In all 2,042 comparisons were made. After eliminating constant corrections these comparisons gave a probable difference between the corrected readings of a pair of thermometers of 0.011° C. As many of the thermometers had recent laboratory comparisons with thermometers tested by the National Bureau of Standards, and as in most cases the temperatures are the means of the corrected readings of a pair of thermometers, it is considered that the observed temperatures listed 47 a, 48 in the table of oceanographic data have a probable error of about ±0.01° C. The new TD mentioned above is a self-contained instrument of rapid response which traces a continuous curve of temperature against depth on a scale of approximately 11.2 mm. per degree C and 13.6 mm. per 100 meters. The temperature scale accommodates 35 centi- grade degrees and the depth range is limited to 1,800 meters. The temperature element is an electrical resistance thermometer which controls the axial position of the pencil carriage. The depth element is a helical Bourdon tube which controls the angular position of the drum holding the record chart. The movements of pencil and drum are the electronically magnified changes in balance of the alternating current thermometer bridge and of the changes in shape of the Bour- don tube followed up by means of a linear differential transformer (Schaevitz). A frequency of 400 cycles is used in the servo balancing systems and a 12 volt lead nonspUl battery is the primary power source. The instrument is made up in 3 sections which are assembled in a steel pressure case 6 feet long and having an outside diameter of 8 inches and a wall thickness of three-eighths of an inch. The assembled instrument weighs 337 pounds in air and about 200 pounds in water. The forward or lower section contains the battery which must be removed periodically for charging. The rear or upper section contains the recording drum and must be removed, at least partially, to change the record chart. The center or control section need be removed only infrequently. Figiu-e 12 shows the three sections assembled outside the pressure case. A block diagram of the instrument is shown in figure 13. A more detailed description is contained in Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's unpublished report of February 1953 "The Deep Electronic Bathythermograph" by Karl E. Schleicher (Reference No. 53-10). In use the TD was shaclded, in lieu of a sinker, to the lower end of the oceanographic wire rope to which the Nansen bottles and reversing thermometers were attached. As the instrument had been used on only a small number of lowerings previously, no standard handling procedure had been developed. Because of its weight and size the TD was very difficult to control in launching it from and returning it to its cradle on deck. On numerous occasions the side of the case hit the side of the ship with varying degrees of impact resulting in displacements of the atmospheric pressure position of the Shaevitz transformer core. On one occasion the thermal element hit the A frame and this probably was responsible for the eventual failure of the instrument when it filled with water through the thermal element. In all, 26 casts were made. Many of these were trials after unsuccess- ful attempts to remedy faults. As a result 14 traces were obtained 4? SALT WATER SWITCH CENTER SECTION lOA ■PvTI VIBRAPACK B + lOA 4000/ H OSC. VIBR APACK J_ 5A KM -Fv7[4- -| B + ^^- IN PRESSURE AMPL t FORWARD SECTION REAR SECTION CORE TURNED BY BOURDON ■ I HELICAL BOURDON PRESSURE-» = TEMP > < — tUJ lO PRESSURE SERVO / / / / SCHAEVITZ TRANS. ;^ J^ COIL FORM TURNED XAECORDING BY CYLINDER CYLINDER Figure 13. — Block diagram of deep electronic bathythermograph. 50 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° i°t ' "I"' ' 1 , . I I I I ■ I A, 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45' 44°- Figure 14. — Dynamic topography of the sea surface relative to the 1,000- decibar surface from data collected 3-14 April 1953. Oceanographic station positions are indicated and the station numbers given at turning points. 51 42" 40' CURRENT CHART MTA COLLECTED 28 APRIL TO 9 MAY, 52° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° Figure 15. — Dynamic topography of the sea surface relative to the 1,000- decibar surface from data collected 28 April-9 May 1953. Oceanographic station positions are indicated and the station numbers given at turning points. 52 Figure 16. — Dynamic topography of the sea surface relative to the 1,000- decibar surface from data collected 27-31 May 1953. Oceanographic station positions are indicated and the station numbers given at turning points. 303589—55- 53 45° 44° 46° 45° 44° 43° Figure 17. — Dynamic topography of the sea surface relative to the 1,000- decibar surface from data collected 6-17 June 1953. Oceanographic station positions are indicated and the station numbers given at turning points. 54 and of these 12 are regarded as useable in comparing the TD measure- ments with reversing thermometers. As in previous years routine saHnity determinations were made with a Wenner saHnity bridge. Standardizations were made with water from an oil-sealed carboy of sea water and at least twice during each run a sample of Copenhagen standard water of the batch Pi 7 was measured as an unknown. At the end of each survey these measurements of Copenhagen water were used to correct all the salinities measured during the survey. For each of the surveys, including the postseason cruise, these indicated corrections were less than 0.005°/oo and so no corrections have been made. Figures 14 through 17 show, in chronological order, the dynamic topography of the sea surface found during the four surveys made during the season. Figure 14 shows the Labrador Current along the eastern edge of the Grand Banks to have had a subnormal surface speed but increasing to swifter than usual at the Tail of the Banks, Bergs entering this pattern from the north might reach the Tail of the Banks and drift thence westward to longitudes of between 50°30' W., and 51°50' W., thence southward to about 42° N., and thence easterly. There was little liklihood of bergs reaching farther south than about 41°45'' N. At the southern edge of the surveyed area the Atlantic Current was flowing with considerable strength and the height of 971.776 dynamic meters at station 5012 is probably the highest that has been found by the ice patrol in the area covered by this survey. An associated feature of figure 14 is that the pool of cold mixed water, which has frequently been found extending south- easterward from the Tail of the Banks, was of smaller extent than usual. Bergs entering the area from the north and crossing the 46th parallel between about 47° W., and 47°30' W., could have been taken in a southeasterly direction to positions of potential hazard to the North Atlantic Track Agreement tracks betv/een about 45° N., and 46° N. The areas covered by the first and second surveys overlap between about 44°30' N., and 46° N., but this is insufficient to permit following particular meanders with certainty. In the Labrador Current shown in figure 15 the southward path to the Tail of the Banks apparently remained unobstructed for those bergs which might have passed the 47th parallel between longitudes of about 47°15' W., and 48°00' W. As in the first survey, figure 15 shows the possibility of bergs entering the area from the north proceeding in a general southeasterly dii'ection to menace the Track Agreement tracks between about 45° N., and 46° N. In fact a weak clockwise eddy centered over the northern part of Flemish Cap appeared to be the only obstruction to the 55 eastward branching of the Labrador Current between latitudes 46° N., and 49° N. Cold mixed water covered all of the area except those margins in the southeastern part of the surveyed area where the dynamic heights were greater than about 971.1 dynamic m.eters. Figure 16 shows the dynamic topography found dm-ing the third survey. It should be borne in mind that in surveys of the Bonavista triangle the middle part of the triangle is too distant from oceano- graphic stations to permit of accurately estimating the details of the dynamic topography there. In this particular survey there is also some uncertainty as to the longitude of the southeastern section of the triangle. Just prior to this occupation of the triangle an intense low barometric pressure system persisted for several daj^s in the area of the triangle. It was anticipated that its effect would be to weaken the eastern branch of the Labrador Current and strengthen the western branch. Figure 16 verifies this in part. However, this portion of the current which was diverted westward toward Cape Bonavista seem- ingly did not continue southward along the Avalon Peninsula but recurved eastward along the northern slope of the Grand Banks. Only 6 days separated the last station of the third survey and the first station of the fourth survey. Figures 16 and 17, therefore, are more nearly two parts of the same synoptic picture than is usually the case with two successive surveys. Comparison of figures 15 and 17 in the area between 45° N., and 47° N., shows the changes taking place during the approximately 1 -month interval. The contour lines took on a more regular shape in the later survey and the meanders in this area seem to be less noticeable although many of the features, somewhat displaced, are recognizable in each figure. At about 44° N., figure 17 shows a westward incursion of Atlantic Current water which accompanied the northeastward recurvature of a major part of the Labrador Current north of this latitude. South of 44° N., the cold mixed water pool was considerably reduced in area compared to the first survey although it extended southward very nearly to 41° N. The dynamic heights in margins of the Atlantic Current in the south- eastern edge of the surveyed area were not as high as usual. The volume of flow, mean temperature, and heat transport of the Labrador Current have been determxined for each of 19 sections oc- cupied during the 1953 season and postseason cruises. Some of these sections have been occupied in other years, and in the case of sections T, U, and W, numerous occupations have provided the data for determining rough approximations to normal seasonal variation curves. These have been published in bulletin number 36 of this series. Less is known of the seasonal variation in the Labrador 56 Current at the Bonavista triangle. However, 12 occupations of this triangle during the 6-year period 1948-53 are now available and the results are summarized in table 1. In this table as well as in sub- sequent tables, figures, and discussion the units are as follows: volume of flow, 1 million cubic meters per second; mean temperature and minimum observed temperature, degrees Centigrade; heat transport, 1 million cubic meter degrees C per second. In table 1 some of the 1950 values appear in parentheses to indicate a greater than usual amount of estimation. In the first 1950 occupation a large change oc- curred during the occupation of the southeast section of the triangle. In the second 1950 occupation the southeast section was not occupied and the values w^ere derived by difference. In the third 1950 occupa- tion the southwest section was not occupied but it is estimated from the other two sections that none of the Labrador Current was follow- ing the western branch. The northwest section is considered to include the total Labrador Current off Cape Bonavista, the southwest section including the western branch and the southeast section including the eastern branch. Thus the volume and heat transports are determined twice for any occupation of the triangle, once on entering the triangle (northwest side) and once on leaving the triangle (tne sum of the southwest and southeast sides). The values under the heading "mean triangle" are the means of these two determinations for volume and heat transport, while the mean temperature is derived as the mean heat transport divided by the mean volume transport. In figure 18 the individual values given in table 1 have been plotted against time of year and identified by the last tw^o digits of the year of observation. In all years where more than one occupation occurred the rate of change was computed. Giving each year equal weight, mean values, assumed to apply at the mean date and adjusted by the mean rate, were taken as approximate seasonal normals. The mcon- sistencies appearing in table 1 and figure 18 may be taken as an indica- tion of the limitations of the observations and the methods employed in their reduction. These seasonal normals have been used for comparison with the 1953 occupations of the Bonavista triangle. In the case of the South Wolf Island section across the Labrador Current, although there have been 16 occupations in as many different years from 1928 to 1953, nearly all have been made at about the same time of year and no attempt has been made to derive seasonal variation curves. Instead the 1953 results have been compared with average values. For the section F (between the Grand Banks and Flemish Cap) and the sections 57 NW SIDE A M J J AVE I JUNE 352+3e/MO. < lii 0 52_! 'ST ■« WE. 1 JUNE 1 08+2 4/MO Is -2 52 ^ 49 AVE. 1 JUNE- I7I+C 7/MO. A sw SIDE J J 49 ^^ 0 0' V'k o52 5(J AVE. 1 JUNE O44+J3/M0. 51 0 h^ ^r: 2 ( ^" -2 ■052 "1 ?,2 ftVE.IJUNE-0 53*42/M0. %^-'. >-4 ^434 f5 50 ^^0 ? AVE. I JUNE-I 63-.0I/M0 A SE M 5IDE J J 5 o52 3 2 052 .0^54^ _-— -r^ 53 50q 0, 1 48°8" AVE IJUNE 3 03+20/MO. 1 3 2 48o53 1 0 _ .0 50£ 52 5. ^0^-^ ^ir^Z 49 sio 52 -9 50 0 1 O50 &VE. IJUNE l58-t-28/M0. 0" C >5' 4 % 5i« 50° %^ / WE. U UNE- 51-0 S^MO MEAN TRIANGLE A M- J J AVE IJUNE 35lt35/Ma 7 6 Is z ,? 1 0^' 49 0 / / / ^o^ 1- " 3 X 2 052 51 / /^' -1,0 ■ 0 O50 WE. IJUNE 429+l.2l/Ma AVE. IJUNE Bes-ig/vKi Figure 18. — Seasonal variations in the elements of the Bonavista triangle. G and H (between section F and the Bonavista triangle) too few occupations have been made even to derive average values. Table 2 presents a summary of the velocity sections across the Labrador Current occupied in 1953 and comparisons with normal values where available. Sections T, U, and W are located as follows : T extending southeasterly from about 46°20' N., 49°00' W.; U extending eastward from the Grand Banks at about 45° N.; W extending southward from the Grand Banks at about 50° W. 58 coi-<>nrt ■rt* O 1- t M o ^ iC t^ 00 t CO cs -^ i^ I I I O) C-l 33 OS O tr » "O cc ^ ■*' ^ C^ CC C^ L'^ I I I I •C TT O (M CO "-J *0 1-i woe ^O z < O I^ CO 00 ^ ^ IC ^ I 00O5 lO -^ •tJH .-I ,— CO CO ^ rr -- I o ^^ t^ ^ d^d-; rt rnmoo cc -^ o c com-* 52 > < z o ^ coo CO mc- < o cocoecn SB :3— ^ C3 rt o o ^ ^ -S o s cocsc^ co«o CO'* t-~ Tj< CO CD>0 rt oi co" -^ OOCO 'Ji •^ OCO T}< >■ < I 04 O "OCOO cooco t^ CO 1^00 : I _: 1000 _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ „ _. - _ , 114 _ - _, - - - — - — ^ — — 1 — -H — — — — - — i^ — "1" - — - - 'A 1600 ^ 1 , 1 _ Figure 23.— Temperature trace of TD at station 4996; 3 April 1953; 42°01' N., 50°57' W. 63 Z5 0 9 Zi 0 1 c 2 ECRE ES 4 CENTIG 5 6 RAOE 7 15 8 9 1 5 2 1 ro 2 -1 1 2 1 3 J 9 4 8 5 7 6 e 7 5 s 4 5 2 1 c •1 ■t 1 ■ i ^\ -- z- r- - - s ;;: - - ^ 1 a = : = r z -- ~~ = = ~ - - ~ - s E - _ -'- ~- = = ~ ■M >« 1 I '• 300 r> s 400 s 1 \ ' \ — — _- _ ^ _ _ _ - - , 1 _ _ "T — — ' — ~ — — \- — ' — 1 — 1 — ~ — 1 100 __ _ _ _ ^ _ _ „ ^_ __ ^_ r- 1 ' ~ h- — — — — — ' — - — F ' — — — - — 1200 _ ^ _ -_ _ _ ; , , L _ _ _ - — - — - - - t = - = - ^ t= ~ [- = : t ~: I - 1300 — - :z: - — I z - - - - — n - H -- - J - - ~~ "Zl ~ ~ ^ ~ — zz — - Z — -- — - -r ^ 1400 — - — -^ -r — s: m — ^-4 — - — — - 1 — ' — - i — — — ^ J — — i — J- , av> ; \- - -1- _ - ■ — ■ f — -f — — ' — ■ — - 1 — — — — ^ — ' —t~ "T 1 1600 — t— - — -^ — -- — ■■ r ^ Figure 24. — Temperature trace of TD at station 4997; 3 April 1953; 42°21' N., 51°31' W. 25 0 100 200 300 » 26 - - 0 1 D£ 2 OR EE 3 CE 4 NT IG 5 OE 6 7 15 q s 14 r 9 ^ 27 1 - 0 1 II E 2 IC ^ 5 9 - 4 8 ^ 5 7 z 6 6 s; 7 5 :5 . 9 « 1 n 3 2 — t — 0 — ■1 Zf ■2 •400 500 600 700 = - = = E z E E E - - z E - ~ - E E — E = ~ E E E E E ;£; z E E - I z E = E z 800 ■' " u- , _ _ _ _ ^ _ — h — ^ 1 — — — — — — — — — — — 1 — — — -^ — — — — ^ - — — — — — -" — — ~ ~ ~ — ~" - — - 1000 ^ ^- - -- ^. - — - 1100 - 1 1 -- 1300 Slfl ■; 142 1 - - 1500 ' " 1 1 1 — - _J - ^r — 1 1 1600 _ _ _ . 1 1 ■ 1 1 _ Figure 25.— Temperature trace of TD at station 5142; 27 May 1953; 50°00' N., 49°00' W. 303589—55- 69 2S 0 100 JOO J 26 0 1 3E 2 GS EE 3 S CE 4 N1 IG s RA DE 6 7 15 8 14 9 13 27 0 1 II IT 2 10 z 3 9 4 8 ::= 5 7 6 7 6 5 V a 0-1 4 3 2 1 0-1-2 300 «00 500 E I E - E E — _ j E - E E - E 1 E E E E E E EE tm mm 600 E i z E r E E E E E z: = ~ z E E z z E E =; — 700 E ^ E E E E E E E r z z z z z z z z E z ~z _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _j : _ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ~ ~ "^ ' — 900 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - z - z: z z _ — d ~ — z ~ ~ z z = q - - - - - - -- :: : -_ _ __i _ ^ _ _ _ _ _ — — - — — — — — — — — — — — - ^ -^ — — — — — — MOO ~ - - z z z z z z ~ z z z z - z z - z z z: X— 1200 1300 A z s ■!ii<»; ^ 1600 __ . ' i "Id Figure 26.— Temperature trace of TD at station 5143; 28 May 1953; 49°49' N., 49°34' W. 259 26 0 I 2 S .4 .5 .6 T .9 .9 270 .1 .2 .S .4 .5 .€ .7 .8 VI DEGREES CENTIGRADE 15 14 11 12 II 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 i 2 I 0-1-2 0 ~ \ ~ - :: i = 1 = 1 - = h I U-. - I :: - --_ \ = r j i C E 200 E = E E E E E E E E z z ^ ^ z E z z: z r ^ z E E E ' ' 300 ^ _ _ _ _ _ ; i_ ; ^ . _ _ — . z z — — - z z - - 3 z - ~ = - h- ^ - — ~- t - r ^ - - - 500 1 800 1000 1200 1300 ( ^ ■ ■ 1600 _ ■ -r ■ __ __ _ _ Figure 27.— Temperature trace of TD at station 5167; 30 May 1953; 48°40' N., 49°31' W. 70 25 9 it 0 1 2 OEOR EE 3 S c 4 N 5 IGR< OE 6 7 15 6 14 9 S 2 1 0 2 1 1 2 10 3 9 4 8 3 7 6 7 5 8 4 *1 3 2 . c -. -2 - c -t •lis , J* 400 •- 700 O y 900 — ~ - — - = r-z = — — — - -^ - - -^ -i- ^ - - — - it- „ L :J _ - -- 1300 - :z n 1 1 1 1 -Df PTW -4- CORfW. 3-1 ■m n 4-1 '■^ r I i - - - - - -V ;;^-l - -H ~ — ^DtP 1 IW —^ — — H — — — — — 5? — 1 — — — — ', J \ ^ _ _ §. _ _ ■ H ■■■ , ,_ — — — — — — — — ^ - ■ - -f— - - — -i — — t- — t— — — -^ — \ ■ T leoo "^ 1 1 ___ — . -. n ' ■ Figure 28. — Temperature trace of TD at station 5168; N., 49°16' W. 30 May 1953; 49°07' 25 100 zoo soo ) 26 0 1 DE 2 GR .E 3 CE 4 N1 5 RA OE 6 7 15 1 8 14 9 13 r 27 12 0 1 E 2 10 .3 9 4 8 - 5 7 6 7 8 0 6 5 4 M 3 2 1 0-1-2 J 400 SUO 60O £ 700 o a, 800 E E i \ E E I z z I E E z E = E z E = : E E z : q ( F- : -EEE -- u 900 = E E E E E - ~ E = = E E E E E 1100 1 = E — ~ i: ~ ~ — E E ^ — E :: E - :; - E E 1200 1300 1400 1500 leoo __ _ 1 -ri Figure 29.— Temperature trace of TD at station 5186; 7 June 1953; 46°19.5' N., 44°54' W. 71 25 0 100 200 i Z£ 0 1 - D£ 2 GR :e 5 CE 4 IG .5 RA OE .6 7 IS = .9 14 = 9 r. 27 i: 0 .1 It .2 10 z 3 9 g 4 e ^ 5 7 6 6 1 5 .7 5 . » 3 2 1 1 0 ■t ■e 400 500 600 E \ — E - ~ ~ I I E = E ~ = E E E E: :E 1 - EE 1 -I- - A- -i- E 700 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — * — ' _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ — — — — — — ~ — ~ — — — — — _ — ~ ~~ — 900 1 100 _ _ _ _ _ — — — . — — — — — — — ^ - _ 1200 1X10 s l/i 5 10 r 1500 (600 1 ' 1 1 ! 3 Figure 30.— Temperature trace of TD at station 5187; 7 June 1953; 46°01' N., 44°37' W. 25 9 26 0 2 DEGB EE 3 S c 4 N 5 TiGRi OE 6 7 15 8 9 S 2 1 0 2 1 2 1 3 3 9 4 8 5 7 6 6 7 5 8 < 4 3 2 1 C •1 •2 —f— I — — — — ,^ „ ^ _ 1 H ^ ■a M — — — _ — _ _ 100 — — 1 — — — — — — ' — ' — 1 - — — — — — ""< '" " '~^ ~ ~ ~ — ~" _ _ 1 1 _ _^ — , _ ?_- , — — — — — , - — — — — — — — — — — — — — " -^ - -* — — -;■ - — ^ -- — — ~ ~ ■~ ~ ~ 300 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ — — — -1 — - — u 1 - ,-- - - — — J - —1 — - — — — — — - — — — — — — -^ -i - - k- — X-- -- - 1— - - - - - in 800 • 1000 - - FA 1 \ 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 .1 . Figure 31. — Temperature trace of TD at station 5204; 9 June 1953; 45°19' N., 46°44' W. 72 Figure 32.— Temperature trace of TD at station 5208; 10 June 1953; 44°24.5' N., 45°15' W. Z59 0 100 ■200 300 400 500 600 z 26 0 1 - e: 2 RE e; 3 CE 4 NTI 5 GR4 DE 6 7 15 e 9 270 1 14 13 12 '1 T p^ 2 3 4 .5 6 7 I 0 9 8 7 6 5 ■1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 [ |.j I 3 2 1 0-1-2 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 E E i 1 z E E E - E zt E L- 1 ztzilziizSTA 5 209 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 liEiiiEii ; 1500 1600 E z ~ E E E E E ^ E E ^ -eeeeI- -^ r|=^ = ^---±E- Figure 33.- -Temperature trace of TD at station 5209; 10 June 1953; 44°24' N., 45°58' W. 73 2S 0 » 2 iO OEGf EE S c 4 EN Ti< s R 0 6 7 i: 8 i 1 J 2 1 ro 2 1 1 ^ .2 1 3 S 9 — 4 8 s 7 — .6 i ;:; .7 S 4 E •1 3 :5 2 z 1 0 -1 a -e 100 200 300 400 E = — = E ~ E E I E E I I E E E E \ $ E E E E = E E E E - - :: E E ~ E ^ - E E E E E E E E J - ; I - ^ E = E - 1 E E - - r E E ; E _ E E E -•00 ^ = i i = E = = E r ^ ^ - - f E E - = E ^ E u :; E E E = E .. . J 1 1 '■ in eoo USOO .. _ 1 1 „ __ _ _ _ _ ,„ i _ _, „ - _ - _ _ _ _ „ — — 1 — - — ^ ^ — - - - - - - — " - — - — ^ - — — ' - — - 1000 . STA -1 5 210 ■ ■ 1 t ■|— "■ 1600 _ _ _ J,.. _ 1 -t- , 1 : 1 1 Figure 34. — Temperature trace of TD at station 5210; 10-11 June 1953: 44^26' N., 46°24' W. .1 I J 4 3 • OEGREES CENTISRAOE Figure 35.— Temperature trace of TD at station 5212; 11 June 1953; 44°43.5' N., 47°32' W. 74 the cast with the reversing thermometers; in figure 35 where the record is interpreted as indicating failure to extend the downtrace after reaching about 750 meters with no uptrace; and in figure 32 where the trace cannot be followed beyond about 230 meters on the downtrace. WHiere the uptrace and downtrace are similar in shape but do not coincide such as at the secondary minimum and maximum at 250 and 325 meters in figure 22 the reason may be time lag in the instru- ment (slow response) or time variation in the temperature of the water. However, if it were due to slow response of the instrument the uptrace and downtrace would not coincide as they do at such abrupt changes as the temperature minimum at about 65 meters in figure 29. Also such temperature differences as are shown by the two traces in figure 24 at the temperature minimum at 375 meters cannot be explained by slow response of the instrument. As the area of operation is one of great contrasts possibly some of the discrepancies are the recording of geographical (horizontal) differences. Most of the differences between the uptraces and downtraces, however, are considered to be the result of time variations such as would be pro- duced by internal waves since there are numerous cases in which the uptrace and the downtrace are both higher or both lower tlian the temperature indicated by reversing thermometer. As the reversing thermometer is a slow response instrument which gives a reading depending on the average temperature of its surroundings for the several minutes prior to its reversal, cases in which the temperature by reversing thermometer is not included between the traces are indicative of short period internal waves where the period is of the order of magnitude of the length of time required for the reversing thermometer to attain equilibrium. Where the reversing thermometer temperature is included between the traces there is no indication as to the length of period of the internal waves involved. The temperature difl"erences between the uptraces and downtraces and the reversing thermometer readings are small in the deeper water. Geographically, it would seem that the large variations extend deeper at stations in the margins of the Atlantic Current than at stations in Labrador Current water with intermediate depths at stations in mixed water. This apparent difference may not be real, however, since the vertical temperature gradient at a given depth is greater in Atlantic Current water than in Labrador Current water and for a given amplitude of vertical movement the temperature changes would be greater. Inasmuch as the internal wave involves a periodic vertical dis- placement of water the result is not only a fluctuation in temperature at a particular point but presumably also a fluctuation in salinity and density with a resulting undulation of the dynamic topography of the sea surface and of the assumed motionless surface to which it is re- 75 ferred. The work of Fjeldstad, Defant, and others ^ indicates that an unlimited number of internal waves of differing phase, period and order may be present in the usual sea condition of continuous vertical density gradient. Such analyses as have been made emphasize the waves of longer period, of the order of magnitude of several hours. This may be because of the sampling methods which so far have been available. Figures 22 to 35 indicate that much shorter period waves, of the order of magnitude of several minutes, also are present. For the study of such waves a rapid response water sampler or salinity measuring device is necessar3^ The Nansen type water bottle is not a rapid flushing bottle but instead requires somewhat more than 6 minutes to trap a sample representative of its surroundings.^ Evi- dently then it cannot be used with a rapid response thermometer such as the TD. However, just as the reversing thermometer averages the temperature over the several minutes prior to its reversal, so also does the Nansen type water bottle and the two together eliminate many of the uncertainties in dynamic topography which might other- wise arise from short period internal waves. The undulations with periods of several hours, of course, remain in the topography developed from measurements made with the reversing thermometer-Nansen type bottle methods and may be the cause of some of the peculiarities in our topographic charts which have been difficult to explain. While remembering that the dynamic topographic charts have been in sufficiently good accord with observed drifts of bergs to be of great practical use, the degree of reliance which may be placed on such computations as volume and heat transport and mean temperature derived from such observations is in doubt. It has been found that in the Grand Banks region Labrador Current water and Atlantic Current water are present as water masses having characteristic temperature-salinity relationships and in addition the mixed water formed from these parent water masses is usually present in sufficiently uniform proportions of each of its components so that it may be regarded as a virtual water mass. Of the data collected during 1953, those from the first and fourth surveys were from the same area which has been the source of the T-S data in the past and so provide a good basis for comparison. Except for its southern end, the area covered by the second survey, which included the northeastern slope of the Grand Banks, is north of the area from which earlier data have been considered. The third survey was comprised of the Bonavista triangle only and was not analyzed for ' As summarized by Sverdrup, Johnson, and Flemine in "The Oceans" pp. 685-602 (1912), Prentice-Hall, New York. * See R. L. I. 'Fjarlie "A seawater sampling bottle" Pacific Oceanographic Group, Joint Committee on Oceanography P. O. G. fileN7-7 (15 Aug 1952') Nanaimo, B.C., wherein the author describes the performance of a new bottle desiened to flush rapidly. He compared the new bottle with other types of bottles at 0, 2, 4, and 6 meters. The .salinity at 2 meters was essentially the same as at the surface. A replot of his data for only the 4 and 6 meter levels shows the Nansen type bottle to require about 6 minutes to trap samples Of the same salinity trapped by the new bottle under the existing sea conditions (not stated). 76 TEMPERATURE °C o 5^ 3 hD .;i:i O r/l Sm o S3 ^ O a r1 hJ ^ "3 O O ■;^ o Oh -C3 _o t^ CVJ 3444 ^ in u> 1^ 00 (T> O a> o OJ OJ OJ OJ OJ OJ ro \n in in in in in in 3455 3475 34303397 3180 500 1000 ^1500 liJ ;2000 2500- 3000 3500 Figure 39.— Salinity distribution off Cape Farewell, Greenland, 19-20 July 1953. 83 relationship so that one must get farther into the North Atlantic eddy to find the boundary criterion of 34.95°/oo at 6°. Figure 20, presented earlier in illustration of the interpretation of the volume transports found at various sections of the Labrador Current, also shows schematically the circulation in part of the Labrador Sea as deduced from the observations made during the post- season cruise. Figure 37 shows the dynamic topography of the sea surface during the 1953 postseason cruise, in the vicinity of the section from South Wolf Island, Labrador, to Cape Farewell, Greenland. Figure 38 shows the temperature distribution along this section and figure 39 shows the salinity distribution along the Greenland end of this section. The dynamic topography shown in figure 37 has a pattern similar to that found in 1952, with the Labrador Current having two bands separated by the shoal off Hamilton Inlet, and with the possibility of a cyclonic eddy offshore of the outermost band and located between it and what appears to be the northwestwardmost margins of the North Atlantic eddy. As the water in the margin of the North Atlantic eddy moved eastward it again was joined on the Greenland side by water recurving from the West Greenland Current. Inspection of figure 38 gives some verification of this interpretation of the circulation. The temperature minimum at about 150 meters at stations 5290 and 5291 is an indication that this northward moving water was associated with the Labrador Current and has recurved somewhere southeastward of this section. Farther seaward the warmer temperatures at station 5292 support the identification of this water as being the northwestern margin of the North Atlantic eddy. At station 5295 the temperature maximum of more than 4° indicates that this water has recurved from the warm West Greenland Current somewhere northwestward of this section. Elsewhere in figure 38 the frigid part of the Labrador Current is to be seen over the shelf and the warmer offshore part of the Labrador Current, derived from the West Greenland Current, is defined by the 3.4° isotherm at stations 5287 and 5288. The temperature minimum in the intermediate water in the central part of the section, with a temperature of about 3.25°, was about the mean of the warmer years. During the 7 years 1934-39 and 1950 this minimum was about 3.17° and during the 7 years 1940-41, 1948-49, and 1951-53 the minimum was about 0.10° to 0.15° warmer. The gap in the observations 1942-47 makes it difficult to compare the 8-year series of prewar observations with the 6-year postwar series. In figure 38 the temperature maximum below this minimum is defined by the 3.3° and 3.4° isotherms at about the 2,000-meter level. It is interesting to note that the intermediate minimum and the underlying maximum are still present when the temperatures in situ are converted to potential temperatures. Within the West Greenland Current the cross sectional area with a tempera-: 84 ture greater than 4° is somewhat greater in figure 38 than was found m 1952. The area within the 5° isotherm is about the same as in 1952. Using temperature as an indicator of the relative magnitude of the contributions of the Irminger Current and the East Greenland Current this increase in the cross sectional area within the 4° isotherm would mean an increase in the Irminger Current component of the West Greenland Current. Figure 39, however, contradicts this and shows no salinity that is even as much as 34.95%o. The salinity maximum found in 1953 was 34.925%o which is the lowest value found since 1949 when the Irminger Current component of the West Greenland Current disappeared from this vicinity. On the basis of temperature alone and assuming that the West Greenland Current off Cape Farewell is made up exclusively of an East Greenland Current component of constant mean temperatm^e of 3.2° and an Irminger Current component of constant mean temperature of 5.5° the observed volume transport of the West Greenland Current of 7.23 with a heat transport of 27.92 and a mean temperatiu-e of 3.86 may be broken down into an East Greenland Current component of 5.15 volume of flow (compared with a seasonal normal of 1.57) and an Irminger Current component of 2.08 (compared with a seasonal normal volume of 2.95), as shown in figure 20, The low salinity maximum, however, indicates that the warm water involved is not Irminger Current water but more probably is a du-ect contribution of water from the outer margins of the North Atlantic eddy. As mentioned earlier, 1,500 decibars was used as the reference sm-face in this section across the Labrador Sea in order to make the resulting dynamic topography, velocities, and transports comparable with the results of earlier work. Examination of the complete velocity section shows that using this reference surface the net volume transport across the section from South Wolf Island to Cape Farewell is 3.67 north- westerly. There is normally a small net contribution into the Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea system tlirough the northern openings and it is not reasonable to account for such a large northwesterly transport by sinldng and outflow below the reference surface. Analysis of the computations shows the net northwesterly transport to be present at all levels with the maximum rate occurring in the upper 300 meters and decreasing with increasing depth to the reference surface. A deeper sm-face was suggested as being more nearly motionless. The volume of flow was recomputed using for reference the 2,000-decibar surface, which gave 3.13 net northwesterly and again using for refer- ence the 2,500-decibar surface which gave 1.77 net southeasterly. Although the motionless surface was probably undulatory the most nearly motionless surface seems to have been between 2,000 and 2,500 meters. Using the 2,500-decibar surface produces little change in the com- puted values of the West Greenland Cm-rent, giving a value of 7.35 30.3589—55 7 85 instead of 7.23 for the volume transport (divided on the basis of temperatm-e as 5.31 East Greenland Current and 2.04 Irminger Cur- rent) 3.84 instead of 3.86 for the mean temperature and 28.22 instead of 27.92 for the heat transport. A greater change is produced in the computed values for the Labrador CmTent, however, giving 6.41 instead of 5.02 for the volume transport, 2.64 instead of 2.43 for the mean temperature, and 16.94 instead of 12.19 for the heat transport. These values, using 2,500 decibars as the reference surface, are very- close to the values obtained in 1952 when 1,500 decibars was used as the reference surface and are considered to be more nearly the true values than those derived in reference to the 1,500-decibar surface. Phosphorus in the sea forms an important part of the nutrient salts and its concentration in that form is subject to alteration, as it passes through the life cycle, with fluctuations in the activity of marine life. The concentration of total phosphorus, howevei, should be a reason- ably conservative property of sea water. Until recent years com- paratively little work has been done on total phosphorus. Ocean- wide differences have been known to exist. For instance, that there is a lower concentration in the Atlantic than in the Pacific. There seemed to be a possibility of using total phosphorus as a tracer which might be of use in identifying the water in the high salinity core of the West Greenland Current as being water supplied from the North Atlantic eddy by the Irminger Current or as water recirculated from the south central Labrador Sea. If total phosphorus could be used as a tracer then the three water masses found in the Grand Banks region, or at least the Atlantic Current water and the Labrador Current water, were expected to show characteristic differences in total phosphorus. Accordingly during the May survey of the Grand Banks region in 1952, samples were taken from all levels at most of the stations and during July 1952, samples were taken from all levels at all stations comprising the section from South Wolf Island, Labrador to Cape Farewell, Greenland. Similar sampling also was carried out during the 1953 occupation of this section across the Labrador Sea. The results of the determinations of total phosphorus concentration in the samples (carried out by personnel of the Woods Hole Oceano- graphic Instituition *) are tabulated at the end of the usual table of oceanographic data. The stations in the Grand Banks survey were classified as to water mass according to their temperature-salinity characteristics. As there is very little overlap between Labrador Current water and Atlantic Current water in either salinity or temperature it was considered that a more illuminating plot would result if phosphorus ' With only minor modifications, methods and procedures were as reported by Harvey, H. W., in "The estimation of phosphate and of total phosphorus in sea waters," Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc, vol. XXVII, pp. 337-359 (1948), Plymouth, England. Recent work at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (unpub- lished) Indicates the probable error in the determinations to be abiut ±10 percent. 86 - - ■v - / ^ \^ - / ^ V E O o < - i ' ^ // ,^'- -- z a o ' i < 9 ^-- / _• Z -.^- T" ,'-'' =7 / k/ /, ' 1 o — 1 , 1 fc, CO 2 -tJ .S ^ o '^ s > « c ^ OJ C oj g^ im';S osu ow K § Sgcog o '' / / ^'' >/ ,'' " *0 03 is^^— / y^ — ^r* 7-* a - o m ^- — / ui ^^ s- i" / :: « £ / 5 , . o — o I / o r . . I . . . I / I t I , I I I . . M o 3 I " o 6 S o °3 CM - S -"^ to -- .2 5 X3 03 « ,S-3 S-^ C Co c=^^ W C C "^ - - - ,S CU C (u ^i^ I -^^ ao-n I oIB. -namic height 970.926 to.:..... -.3.64 33.06 0 3.64 33.06 26.29 23...... 3.37 33.17 25 3.30 33.18 26.43 45 1.92 33.77 50 1.75 33.87 27.11 68 1.36 34.13 75 1.40 34.17 27.38 90 1.69 34.28 100 1.85 34.23 27.38 135 2.42 34.49 150_... 2.50 34.51 27.56 180..... 2. 66 34.56 200 2.80 34.60 27. 60 270 3.38 34.77 300 3.45 34.79 27.69 305 3.47 34.79 400.... 3.50 34.80 27.70 457 3.53 34.80 600 3.80 34.88 27.73 609 3.76 34.88 800.... 3.50 34.86 27.75 '783 3.49 34.86 1,000.. 3.45 34.87 27.76 1,153... 3.43 34.88 Station 5117; May 6; latitude 46°05.5' N., longitude 47°33' W.; depth 695 meters; dynamic height 970.928 0 2.07 32. 86 0 2.07 32.86 26.28 23 2.03 32.97 25 2.05 33.00 26.40 46 1.02 33.56 50 0.95 33.65 26.98 70 0.87 33.93 75 0.90 33.98 27.25 93 1.06 34.11 100.... 1.10 34.13 27.36 139 1.38 34.27 150_... 1.50 34.31 27.48 185 1.92 34.42 200.... 2.05 34. 45 27.55 278 2.41 34.59 300 2.55 34.62 27.65 393 3.13 34.76 400 3.15 34.77 27.71 560 3.49 34.86 (600).. 3.50 34.87 27.76 Station 5118; May 6; latitude 46°08' N., longitude 47°51' W.; depth 176 meters; dynamic height 970.995 0 1.24 32.48 0 1.24 32.48 26.03 24 -0.13 32.64 25 -0.15 32.65 26.24 47 -1.05 33.08 50 -1.05 33.11 26. 64 71- -0.81 33.30 75 -0.70 33.35 26.82 95 0.15 33.54 100__.- 0.25 33.57 26.97 142 0.62 33.82 (150).. 0.70 33.85 27.16 Station 5119; May 6; latitude 46°10' N., longitude 48°06' W.; depth 119 meters; dynamic height 971.013 0 1.99 32.55 0 1.99 32.55 26.04 24 1.56 32.56 25 1.50 32.56 26.08 48 -1.12 32.90 50 -1.15 32.93 26.50 73. -1.05 33.13 75 -1.00 33.14 26. 67 (100).. -0.40 33.33 26.80 Station 5120; May 6; latitude 46°13.5' N., longitude 48°35' W.; depth 93 meters; dynamic height 971.022 0.. 2.64 32. 66 0 2.64 32.66 26.07 24 2,51 32. 66 25 2.50 32.66 26.08 48. 0.49 32.78 50 0.30 32.79 26.33 73 -0.74 33.00 75 -0.80 33.01 26.56 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin ity, °/oo station 5121; May 6; latitude 4fi°16' N., longitude 48°58' W.; depth 73 meters; dynamic height 971.019 0 .- 25- 51 3.03 32.68 1. 9fi 32.72 -0.42 32.90 0.-..- 25 50 3.03 32 68 26.06 2.00 32 72 26.17 -0.40 32.89 25.44 Station 5122; May 6; latitude 46°08' N., longitude 48° 44' W.; depth 91 meters; dynamic height 971.025 0. 2.51 32.66 0 2.51 32.66 26.08 26 2.47 32.66 25 2.50 32 66 2S.08 52 -0.18 32.82 50 -0. 05 32.81 23.37 78 -0.47 33.01 75 -0.45 32.98 26.52 Station 5123; May 6; latitude 45°57' N., longitude 48°26' W.; depth 115 meters; dynamic height 971.012 0 1.39 32.53 0 1.39 32.53 26.06 26 0.91 32. 57 25 0.95 32.57 26.12 51 -1.44 32 99 50 -1.40 32.98 26.55 76 -1.40 33.22 75 -1.40 33.21 26.74 101 -0.16 33.49 100.... -0.25 33.48 26.91 Station 5124; May 6; latitude 45°54.5' N., longitude 48°21' W.; depth 190 meters; dynamic height 971.001 0 1.61 32.53 0 1.61 32.53 26.04 25 0.28 32.68 25 0.28 32.68 26.25 50 -0.83 33.11 50 -0.S3 33.11 26.63 75 -0.34 33.39 75 -0.34 33.39 26.84 99 0.31 33.70 100.-.. 0.30 33.70 27.08 150 0.54 33.82 150.... 0.55 33.82 27.15 Station 5125; May 6; latitude 45°50' N., longitude 48°14' W.; depth 732 meters; dynamic height 970.963 0.-. 23- 47-. 70-. 93-. 140 186. 279 373 561 1.59 32.56 0 1.59 32.56 1.80 32.80 25 1.80 32. 84 0.37 33.42 50 0.40 33.47 0.49 33. 77 75 0.65 33.83 1.18 34.02 100..-- 1.20 34.05 1.32 34.21 150--- 1.45 34.25 2.00 34. 42 200---- 2.C5 34.45 2.33 34.57 300-.-- 2.45 34 60 2.94 34.70 400---- 3.05 34.73 *3.44 34.86 (000)..- 3.50 34.87 26.07 26.28 26.88 27.14 27.29 27.43 27. 55 27.63 27.68 27.76 108 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1953— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °loo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 5126; May 6; latitude 45°40' N., longitude 47°58' W.; depth 1,353 meters; dynamic height 970.957 0 2.53 32.72 0 2.53 32.72 26.13 23 2.49 32.76 25 2.45 32.84 26.23 47 0.84 33.73 50 0.85 33.77 27.09 70 1.25 34.02 75 1.30 34.04 27.27 94_ 1.38 34.13 100--. 1.40 34.14 27.35 140 1.56 34.27 150---. 1.65 34.30 27.46 186 2.09 34.43 200.... 2.30 34.48 27.55 280 3.36 34.72 300... . 3.55 34.77 27.67 331 3.73 34.82 400.... 3.70 34.83 27.70 600 3.60 34.84 600..-. 3.55 34.83 27.71 670 3.50 34.83 800.... 3.50 34.83 27.72 844 3.48 34.83 1,000.. 3.40 34.85 27.75 1,109-- 3.38 34.85 Station 5127; May 6; latitude 45°17' N., longitude 47°18' W.; depth 2,999 meters; dynamic height 970.979 0 24 48 73 97 144 193 290 378 666 753 938 1,400... 2.67 32.68 0 2.67 32.68 3.62 33.42 25 3.60 33.44 3.40 33.74 50 3.35 33.74 2.52 33. 76 75 2.50 33.78 3.40 34.11 100... . 3.50 34.13 4.15 34. 48 150-.. 4.15 34.49 3 92 34.59 200..-- 3.90 34.60 4.00 34.76 300-.- 4.00 34.77 3.81 34.81 400-..- 3.80 34.82 3.77 34.85 600-.. . 3.75 34.85 3.57 34.86 800... . 3.55 34.86 3.50 34.86 1,000-. 3.50 34.86 3.37 34.89 26.09 26.61 26.87 26.97 27.16 27.38 27.50 27.63 27.69 27.71 27.74 27.75 Observed values Station 5128; May 7; latitude 45°19' N., longitude 46°25' W.; depth 2,438 meters; dynamic height 970.934 0 24.... 49.— 73 98.... 146... 194... 292... 380... 569... 756... 946... 1,425. 6.53 33.62 0 6.53 33.62 5.97 33.66 25 5.90 33.66 4.15 34.00 50 4. 10 34.00 3.36 34.16 75 3.35 34.17 3.35 34.32 100 3.35 34.33 3.66 34.51 150_... 3.70 34.53 4.14 34.72 200.... 4.20 34.74 4.49 34.91 300.... 4.50 34.91 4.07 34.89 400.... 3.95 34.89 3.68 34.89 600--.. 3.65 34.89 3.55 34.88 800--.. 3.55 34.88 3.50 34.87 1,000-- 3.50 34.87 3.40 34.89 26.42 26.53 27.00 27.21 27.33 27.46 27. 58 27.68 27.72 27.75 27.75 27.76 Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, station 5129; May 7; latitude 45°21' N., longitude 45°33' W.; depth 3,823 meters; dynamic height 971.015 0 6.49 33.38 0 6.49 33.38 26.22 24 6.54 33.59 25 6.55 33.62 26.42 47 6.56 34.22 50 6.55 34.25 26.91 71 7.16 34.45 75 7.35 34.50 27.00 94 8.34 34.72 100 8.20 34.70 27.03 141 5.92 34.49 150 5.45 34.45 27.21 189 3.88 34.38 200---- 3.95 34.40 27.34 283 5.14 34.83 300---- 4.75 34.81 27.58 324 4.28 34.78 400---- 4.25 34.85 27.66 489 4.22 31.90 600__.- 4.10 34.90 27.72 656 4.00 34.90 800.--- 3.85 34.90 27.74 825 3.78 34.90 1,000.- 3.70 34.90 27.76 1,256-.- 3.62 34.90 Station 5130; May 7; latitude 45°23' N., longitude 44°44' W.; depth 4,298 meters; dynamic height 971.178 0 23.... 45--.. 68.... 91-.. 136... 191... 272-.. 358... 542-. 729-. 912-- 1,369. 13.45 35.39 0 13.45 35.39 13.52 35.43 25 13.60 35.48 14.88 35.89 50 14.90 35.90 14.88 35.91 75 14.25 35.77 12.29 35.34 100.... 12.05 35.30 11.47 35.23 150-.. 11.35 35. 22 10.95 35.19 200.... 10. 85 35.19, 10.00 35.23 300.... 9.35 35.17 7.82 35.01 400.... 7.25 35.01 5.94 35.00 600.... 5.50 34.99 4.85 34.97 800...- 4.60 34.96 4.31 34.95 1,000-. 4.20 34.94 3.69 34.92 26.62 26.66 26.70 26.75 26.83 26.90 26.97 27.21 27.41 27.62 27.71 27.74 Station 5131; May 7; latitude 44°51' N., longitude 45°05' W.; depth 4,295 meters; dynamic height 971.146 0 12.32 35.46 0 13.30 35.46 26.71 24 14.34 35.72 25 14.35 35.74 26.70 48 15.00 36.00 50 15.00 36.00 26.76 73 15.00 36.01 75 15.00 36.00 26.76 97 14.26 35.83 100..-- 14.15 35.81 26.80 145 12.78 35. 55 150---- 12.70 35.54 26.89 193 11.53 35.37 200--- 11.35 35.35 27.00 290 8.96 35.09 300... . 8.60 35.06 27.25 372 6.28 34.84 400... . 6.00 34.85 27.46 564 4.92 34.91 600.... 4.80 34.92 27.66 760 4.34 34.94 800 4. 25 34.94 27.73 951 4.03 34.94 1,000.. 4.00 34.94 27.76 1,429... ♦3.59 34.90 Station 5132; May 7; latitude 44°20' N., longitude 45°24' W.; depth 4,262 meters; dynamic height 970.969 0 24 48 72 96 144.... 191_... 287 368-... 559 765.-.. 945 1,419.. 7.71 7.00 5.09 4.01 3.58 3.73 3.88 4.19 4.14 3.95 3 3.60 3.42 33.51 33.66 33.83 33.98 34.13 34.42 34.57 34.82 34.89 34.91 34.89 34.90 34.88 0 25 50 75 100 150---- 200--- 300---- 400---- 600.... 800 1,000.. 7.71 6.95 4.95 3 3.60 3 3 4.20 4.15 3.90 3.65 3.60 33.51 33.66 33.84 33.99 34.15 34.44 34.59 34.84 34.90 34.91 34.89 34.90 26.17 26.40 26.78 27.01 27.17 27.38 27.49 27.66 27.71 27.75 27.75 27.77 109 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1953— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, "C. Salin- ity, 7oo Station 5133; May 7; latitude 44°25.5' N., longitude 45°55' W.; depth 3,841 meters; dynamic height 971.043 0_... 24... 48... 72... 96-.. 144- . 191.. 287-- 362.. 545.. 729-. 913- . 1,379 6.45 33.33 0 6.45 33.33 6.47 33.50 25 6.50 33.55 9.70 34.90 50 9.65 34.89 8.84 34.79 75 8.85 34.80 9.04 34.91 100 9.05 34,91 8.43 34.94 150 8.30 34.93 6.82 34.79 200.... 6.65 34.78 5.42 34.77 300.... 5.30 34.77 4.78 34.82 400 4.70 34.85 4.45 34.92 600 4.35 34.92 4.14 34.92 800-.. . 4.00 34.91 3.81 34.90 1,000.. 3.75 34.90 3.46 34.88 26.19 26.36 26.94 27.01 27.06 27.19 27.31 27.48 27.61 27.71 27.74 27.75 Station 5134; May 8; latitude 44°32.5' N., longitude 46°34' W.; depth 3,695 meters; dynamic height 971.165 0 23-... 47-... 70.... 93.... 140... 187... 280... 363-.. 550... 740... 925-.. 1,390. 8.59 33.86 0 8.59 33.86 14.20 35.65 25 14.20 35.65 13.94 35.63 50 13.85 35.62 13.45 35.60 75 13.35 35.59 13.12 35.54 100-.. . 13.10 35.54 12.90 35.54 150...- 12.35 35.43 9.75 34.91 200... . 9.75 34.94 9.84 35.21 300.... 9.10 35.11 6.06 34.74 400--.. 5.90 34.78 5.25 34.94 600.... 5.00 34.94 4.41 34.92 800---. 4.20 34.92 4.14 34.93 1,000.. 4.05 34.93 3.53 34.89 26.31 26.66 26.72 26.79 26.81 26.87 26.96 27.21 27.41 27.65 27.73 27.74 Station 5135; May 8; latitude 44°40.5' N., longtitude 47°17' W.; depth 3,841 meters; dynmaic height 971.043 0 18 36 54 72 109 145 217 314 481 656 831 1,288... 7.58 8.42 9.66 6.78 7.53 7.21 7.92 5.00 6.19 4.37 4.44 4.16 3.58 33.56 33.99 34.76 34.36 34.55 34.57 34.85 34.56 34.94 34.83 34.94 34.94 34.90 0... 25-.. 50-.- 75-.. 100- - 150.. 200.. 300.- 400- - 600- . 800.- 1,000 7.58 9.00 7.25 7.55 7.30 7.85 5.65 6.05 5.10 4.40 4.20 3.95 33.56 34.30 34.44 34.55 34.56 34.84 34.62 34.89 34.88 34.91 34.94 34.93 26.23 26.59 26.96 27.00 27.05 27.19 27.32 27.48 27.59 27.69 27.74 27.75 Station 5136; May 8; latitude 44°48.5' N., longitude 47°58' W.; depth 3,365 meters; dynamic height 971.022 0... 25... 49... 74... 98-.. 148- . 196.. 294.. 376.. 669-. 766.. 959-. 1,445. 3.99 32.70 0 3.99 32.70 5.36 33.78 25 5.36 33.78 7.89 34.57 50 7.90 34.57 7.24 34.53 75 7.25 34.53 7.54 34.66 100.... 7.60 34.67 8.07 34.99 150-.. . 8.10 34.99 5.47 34.64 200.... 5.45 34.64 5.40 34.84 300 5.45 34.84 5.11 34.88 400...- 5,05 34.89 4.39 34.92 600-... 4.30 34.92 4.06 34.94 800--.. 4.00 34.93 3.71 34.905 1,000.. 3.70 34.90 3.40 34.88 25.98 26.69 26.97 27.03 27.10 27.27 27.35 27.51 27.60 27.71 27.75 27.76 Observed values Depth, meters Tem pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Tem- Depth, pera- meters ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo station 5137; May 8; latitude 44°51.5' N., longitude 48°24' W.; depth 2,661 meters; dynamic height 970.972 0 26- 51 78 413 629 853 1,064... 1,586... 2.35 32.49 0 2.35 32.49 0.47 32.68 25 0.50 32.67 -0.13 33.28 50 -0.10 33.26 2.48 33.83 75 2.15 33.77 3.97 34.89 100-.. . 3.15 34.14 3.75 34.86 150.... 3.80 34.48 3.70 34.91 200--.. 4.15 34.69 3.43 34.88 300.... 4.25 34,89 3.39 34.88 400-.. . 4.05 34,89 600-.. . 3.75 34.86 800.... 3.70 34.90 1,000.. 3.50 34.89 25.95 26.23 26.72 27.00 27.20 27.41 27.54 27.69 27.71 27.72 27.76 27.77 station 5138; May 8; latitude 44°53' N., longitude 48°36' W.; depth 2,286 meters; dynamic height 970.930 0 25 50 75 100 150 199 299 395 595 797 995 1,486... 2.66 32.52 0 2.66 32.52 1.62 32.80 25 1.62 32.80 1.23 33.68 50 1.23 33.68 1.06 34.04 75 1.06 34.04 1.22 34.18 100 1.22 34.18 2.08 34.46 150--.. 2.08 34.46 2.72 34.60 200.... 2.75 34.60 3.43 34.80 300 3.45 34.80 3.89 34.89 400 3.95 34.89 3,72 34.89 600.... 3.70 34.89 3.56 34.88 800-.. . 3.55 34.88 3.46 34.87 1,000.. 3.45 34.87 3.38 34.89 25.96 26.27 26.98 27.29 27.39 27.55 27.61 27.70 27.72 27.75 27.75 27.76 Station 5139; May 8; latitude 44°56' N., longitude 48°50' W.; depth 1,054 meters; dynamic height 971.059. 0 25 50 74 99 149 198 297 400 604 800 954 1.51 32.42 0 1.51 32.42 -1.26 32.90 25 -1.26 32.90 -0.77 33.12 50 -0.77 33.12 -0.12 33.33 75 -0.15 33,33 -0.08 33,52 100.... -0.05 33.53 0.48 33.80 150...- 0.50 33.90 0.80 33.96 200.... 0.80 33.97 1.56 34.24 300.... 1.60 34.25 *2.35 34.53 400-... 2.35 34.53 3.48 34.80 600.... 3.45 34.80 3.54 34.85 800--.. 3.55 34.85 3.49 34. 845 (1,000) 3.50 34.85 25.97 26.48 26.64 26.79 26.94 27.21 27.25 27.42 27.58 27.70 27.73 27.74 Station 5140; May 8; latitude 44°57' N., longitude 48°56' W.; depth 842 meters; dynamic height 971.080. 0 25 50 75 99 149 199 298 50 252 399 2.82 32.60 0 2.82 32.60 -0.90 32.89 25 -0.90 32.89 -0.89 33.06 50 -0.89 33.06 -0.77 33.10 75 -0.77 33.10 -0.50 33.20 100.-.. -0.50 33.20 -0.52 33.36 150-.. . -0.50 33.36 0.93 33.96 200.... 0.95 33.96 1.74 34.30 300.-.. 1.80 34.30 *-0.85 33.06 400... . 2.70 34.59 1.23 34.18 (600).. 3.50 34.85 2.67 34.59 (800).. 3.45 34.85 26.01 26.46 26.60 26.62 26.70 26.82 27.23 27.45 27.60 27.74 27.74 110 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1953— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/co Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- itv, °/oo Station 5141; May 9; latitude 45°00' N., longitude 49°08' W.; depth 132 meters; dynamic height 971.097. 0. 3.57 32.68 0 3.57 32.68 26.01 25 2.43 32.68 25 2.43 32.68 26.10 50 0.35 32.80 50 0.35 32.80 26.34 76 -0.50 32.92 75 -0.45 32.92 26.47 111 -0.94 32.98 100.... -0.85 32.97 26.52 Station 5142; May 27; latitude 50°00' N., longitude 49°00' W.; depth 1,884 meters; dynamic height 970.852. 0 24.... 48-... 72.... -96.... 144... 192... 288... 322... 493-.. 672-.. 851— 1,317. 3.91 33.58 0_ 3.91 33.58 3.94 33.60 25 3.90 33.60 1.42 34.16 50 1.40 34.20 1.95 34.43 75 2.00 34.44 2.24 34.52 100.... 2.25 34.52 2.62 34.65 150... _ 2.65 34.66 2.99 34.76 200--.. 3.00 34.77 3.12 34.81 300.... 3.15 34.81 3.15 34.82 400.... 3.25 34.84 3.29 34.86 600-... 3.25 34.86 3.26 34.86 800.. ._ 3.25 34.87 3.27 34.88 1,000... 3.25 34.88 3.28 34.89 26.69 26.71 27.40 27.54 27.59 27.67 27.73 27.74 27.75 27.77 27.78 27.78 Station 5143; May 28; latitude 49°49' N., longitude 49°34' W.; depth 1,353 meters; dynamic height 970.915. 0 2.42 32.98 0 2.42 32.98 26.34 25 1.89 33.06 25 1.89 33.06 26.45 49 -0.18 33.75 50 0.15 33.77 27.13 386 3.09 34.78 75 0.75 34.02 27.30 583 3.45 34.86 100- -_. 1.15 34.18 27.39 783 3.52 34.88 150.. _. 1.80 34.40 27.53 979 3.51 34.88 200.. _. 2.20 34.55 27.62 1,272.-- 3.33 34.90 300... . 2.70 34.70 27.69 400.... 3.20 34.79 27.72 600_... 3.45 34.86 27.75 800-... 3.50 34.88 27.76 1,000... 3.50 34.88 27.76 Station 5144; May 28; latitude 49°39' N., longitude 50°00' W.; depth 640 meters; dynamic height 970.911. 0.. 23.. 47.. 70.. 93. 140. 186. 279. 368 572. 2.55 32.84 0 2.55 32.84 2.42 32.85 25 2.35 32.85 0.47 33.68 50 0.45 33.70 0.60 33.96 75 0.70 34.00 1.18 34.18 100...- 1.30 34.23 1.94 34.46 150..-. 2.00 34.48 2.25 34.56 200.... 2.35 34.58 2.78 34.70 300... . 2.90 34.73 3.25 34.80 400.... 3.35 34.83 3.46 34.89 (600).. 3.45 34.89 26.22 26.24 27.05 27.28 27.43 27.57 27.62 27.70 27.73 27.77 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, Station 5145; May 28; latitude 49°31' N., longitude 50°33' W.; depth 331 meters; dynamic height 970.963. 0 24---. 47-... 71---. 94.... 141... 188... 282-.- 2.21 2.02 1.85 -0.22 0.00 0.45 1.53 2.74 32.89 32.90 32.90 33.52 33.73 34.02 34.34 34.69 0 25.--- 50---. 75.... 100... 150... 200... (300) . 2.21 2.00 1.80 -0.20 0.05 0.65 1.70 2.90 32.89 32.90 32.90 33.56 33.76 34.08 34.40 34.73 26.28 26.31 26.32 26.98 27.13 27.34 27.53 27.70 Station 5146; May 28; latitude 49''22' N., longitude 51°05' W.; depth 340 meters; djTiamic height 970.977. 0... 24.. 47.- 71-- 94-- 141- 188- 282- 2.32 32.84 0- 2.32 32.84 2.27 32.90 25 2.25 32.91 0.72 33.01 50 0.55 33.03 -1.26 33.34 75 -1.20 33.39 -0.36 33.58 100---. -0.25 33.62 0.41 33.90 150..-- 0.55 33.96 1.35 34.22 200---- 1.55 34.28 2.54 34.62 (300)..- 2.70 34.67 26.24 26.30 26.51 26.88 27.03 27.26 27.44 27.67 Station 5147; May 28, latitude 49°10.5' N., longitude 51°34' W.; depth 318 meters; dynamic height 971.026 0.- 1.47 32.65 0 1.47 32.65 26.15 21 1.46 32.65 25 1.40 32.65 26.16 42 0.33 32.74 50 -0.45 32.87 26.43 62 -1.64 33.22 75 -1.60 33.27 26.79 83 -1.54 33.29 100-.. . -1.45 33.34 26.84 125 -1.12 33.43 150.... -0.45 33.60 27.02 167 0.04 33.74 200.-.. 0.50 33.92 27.23 250 1.12 34.16 (300).. 1.60 34.40 27.54 Station 5148; May 28; latitude 49°05.5' N., longitude 51°54' W.; depth 293 meters; dynamic height 971.012 0.. 21. 42. 63. 84. 126 168 229 2.20 32.77 0 2.20 32.77 2.00 32.81 25 1.85 32.82 0.57 32.96 50 -0.25 33.02 -1.63 33.11 75 -1.70 33.15 -1.73 33.18 100.... -1.70 33.22 -1.60 33.28 150.... -0.65 33.54 0.16 33.77 200... . 1.05 34.12 1.74 34.36 26.19 26.26 26.54 26.70 26.75 26.98 27.36 Station 5149; May 28; latitude 49°01' N., longitude 52°08' W.; depth 293 meters; dynamic height 971.046 0 1.60 32.24 0 1.60 32.24 25.81 23 1.54 32.24 25 1.50 32.24 25.82 44 0.02 32.86 50 -0. 45 32.94 26.49 67- -1.41 33.12 75 -1.60 33.15 26.69 89 -1.73 33.18 100.... -1.70 33.21 26.75 134 -0.96 33.42 150-.. . -0.70 33.51 26.96 178 -0.10 33.68 200... . 0.35 33.83 27.16 243 1.38 34.15 m Table of Oceanographic Data — ConMnued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1953— ConHnued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, /oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ny, loo station 5150; May 28; latitude 48°54.5' N., longitude 52°25' W.; depth 348 meters; dynamic height 971.058 0 - 1.70 32.32 0. 1.70 32.32 25.87 25 1.69 32. 33 25 1.69 32.33 25.88 49 -1.36 33.05 50 -1.40 33.06 26.61 74 -1.73 33. 17 75 -1.70 33.17 26.71 98 -1.63 33.22 100--- -1.60 33.22 26. 75 148 -1.36 33.36 150-.- -1.35 33.37 26.86 197 -0.16 33. 68 200--- -0.10 33. 70 27.08 295 1.64 34.30 300-.- 1.70 34.32 27.47 Station 5151; May 28; latitude 48°50' N., longitude 52°40' W.; depth 220 meters; dynamic height 971.087 0 26 52 78 - 104 157 209 1.35 31.99 0 1.35 31.99 1.71 32.49 25 1.70 32.47 -1.73 33. 03 50 -1.70 33.01 -1.71 33. 13 75 -1.70 33.12 -1.65 .33. 18 100-.. -1.65 33.17 -1.39 33.27 150-.. -1.45 33.26 0.01 (200).. -0.40 33.55 25.63 25.99 26.58 26.67 26.71 26.77 26.94 Station 5152; May 28; latitude 48°45' N., longitude 52°52' W.; depth 114 meters; dynamic height 971.087 0..-. 26... 63... 80... 106- 1.86 -1.35 -1.40 -1.59 -1.58 31.75 32.91 32.91 33.07 33.11 0 25 50 75 100-.-- 1.86 -1.35 -1.40 -1.55 -1.60 31.75 32. 88 32.91 33.03 33.10 2,5. 40 26.46 26.49 26.59 26.65 Station 5153; May 28-29; latitude 48°39' N., longitude 52°46' W.; depth 117 meters; dynamic height 971.105 0 1.64 31.91 0 1.64 31.91 25. 55 26 1.15 32.08 25 1.20 32.07 25.71 62 - -1.44 32.90 50 -1.40 32.83 26.43 79_ -1.54 33.04 75 -1.50 33.02 26.58 105 -1.53 33.10 100 -1.55 33.09 26.64 Station 5154; May 29; latitude 48°34' N., longitude 52°.36' W.; depth 256 meters; dynamic height 971.075 0-... 26-.. 62-.. 78... 104.. 156- 208_. 239.. 1.02 0.95 -1.30 -1.70 -1.68 -1.39 -1.02 0.15 32. 50 32. 52 33.01 33.12 33.16 33.24 33.42 33.72 0- 25 50 75 100 150-.. 200—. 1.02 0.95 -1.20 -1.65 -1.70 -1.45 -1.10 32.50 32.52 32.97 33.11 33. 15 33.23 33.37 26.06 26.08 26.54 26.66 26.70 26.75 26.85 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, loo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo station 5155; May 29; latitude 48°19.5' N., longitude 52°02' W.; depth 176 meters; dynamic height 971.081 0_ 2.38 32.19 0 2.38 32.19 25.71 24 2.31 32.26 25 2.30 32.27 25.79 49 -1.18 32.96 50 -1.20 32.97 26.54 73 -1.44 33.12 75 -1.45 33.12 26.66 97 -1.63 33.18 100...- -1.65 33.18 26.71 146 -1.49 33.27 150- - -1.50 33.28 26.79 Station 5156: May 29; latitude 48°16' N., longitude 51°54' W.; depth 183 meters; dynamic height 971.066 0- 25. 49- 74. 99. 148 2.85 2.06 -0.26 -1.64 -1.55 -1.06 32.31 32.59 32.96 33.20 33.27 33.40 0 25 50 75 100.... 150.... 2.85 2.06 -0.40 -1.65 -1.55 -1.05 32.31 32.59 32.96 33.20 33.27 33.40 25, 77 26.07 26.50 26.73 26.79 26.88 Station 5157; May 29; latitude 48°07.5' N., longitude 51°37' W.; depth 187 meters; dynamic height 971.059 0- 25. 50. 76. 100 151 2.94 2.47 -l.OS -1.58 -0.56 0.36 32.25 32.46 32.96 33.23 33.39 33.70 0 25.... 50.... 75.-.. 100... 150... 2.94 2.47 -1.08 -1.60 -0.55 0.30 32.25 32.46 32.96 33.22 33.39 33.69 25.72 25.92 26.52 26.75 26.85 27.05 Station 5158; May 29; latitude 47°57' N., longitude 51°11' W.; depth 157 meters; dynamic height 971.066 0 2.97 32.04 0 2.97 32.04 25. 56 25 2.73 32.11 25 2.73 32.11 25.62 49 -1.33 33.00 50 -1.35 33.01 26.58 74 -1.60 33.19 75 -1.60 33.19 26. 72 99. -1.57 33.26 100.-.. -1.55 33.26 26.78 138 0.09 33.64 (150).- 0.45 33.76 27.10 Station 5159; May 30; latitude 47°51' N., longitude 50°59' W.; depth 119 meters; dynamic height 971.067 25.63 25.64 26.52 26.71 26.77 Station 5160; May 30; latitude 47°43' N., longitude 50°4r W.; depth 108 meters; dynamic height 971.071 0 2.88 32.12 0 2.88 32.12 26 2.84 32.13 25 2.85 32.13 52 -1.14 33.00 50 -1.10 32.96 78 -0.56 33.22 75 -0.60 33.21 104 -0.34 33.32 100.... -0.40 33.30 0. 26 52 77 98 3.09 2.36 -1.04 -1.21 -0.37 32.09 32.28 32.83 33.02 33.28 0.... 25... 50... 75... 100-. 3.09 2.45 -0.95 -1.20 -0.20 32.09 32.27 32.80 33.01 33.31 25.58 25.77 26.39 26.57 26. 77 112 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1953— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, /oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 5161; Mav 30; latitude 47°34' N., longitude 50°24' W.; depth 119 meters; dynamic height 971.077 0 25.... 50.-.. 74.... 3.18 2.98 -0.15 -0 -0.35 32.25 32,30 32.62 32.92 33.24 0-... 25^.. 50. -- 75... 100- . 3.18 2.98 -0.15 -0.70 -0.30 32.25 32.30 32. 62 32.93 33.25 25.70 25.75 26.22 26.49 26.72 Station 5162; May 30; latitude 47°24.5' N., longitude 50°00' W.; depth 71 meters; djmamic height 971.082 0 3.49 32.35 0 3.49 32.35 25.74 20 3.38 32.40 25 3.20 32. 42 25. 83 45 1.78 32.55 50 0.80 32.63 26.18 60 -0.80 32.83 Station 5163; May 30; latitude 47°43' N., longitude 49°53' W.; depth 115 meters; dynamic height 971.072 Observed values 0 25 51 76 102 3.09 2.90 -0.46 -0.65 -0.48 32.36 32.39 32.69 32.95 33.09 0_... 25-. 50... 75... 100... 3.09 2.90 -0.45 -0.65 -0.50 32.36 32.39 32.68 32.94 33.08 25.79 25.84 26.28 26.50 26.60 Station 5164; May 30; latitude 47°58' N., longitude 49°47' W.; depth 169 meters; dynamic height 971.044 0 2.86 32.27 0 2.86 32.27 25.74 26 2.62 32.34 25 2.65 32.34 25.82 51 -1.16 33.11 50 -1.15 33.10 26.64 77 -1.09 33.30 75 -1.10 33.29 26.78 103 -0.61 33.49 100..- -0.65 33.47 26.93 154 0.48 33.81 150 0.40 33.79 27.13 Station 5165; May 30; latitude 48°14.5' N., longitude 49°42' W.; depth 220 meters; dynamic height 971 .040 0 2.64 32.43 0 2.64 32.43 25.89 25 2.26 32.53 25 2.26 32.53 26.00 50 -1.48 33.14 50 -1.48 33.14 26.68 75 -1.59 33.24 75 -1.59 33.24 26.76 100 -1.32 33.34 100.... -1.32 33.35 26.84 151 0.54 33.80 150... . 0.50 33.79 27.12 201 2.13 34.48 200... . 2.10 34.47 27.56 Station 5166; May 30; latitude 48°33' N., longitude 49°34' W.; depth 622 meters; dynamic height 971.013 0 2.75 25 2.59 49 -0.68 74 -0.93 98 -0.57 147 0.39 196 0.71 294 2.22 388 2.75 594 3.42 32.74 32.77 33.23 33.42 33.60 33.97 34.09 34.50 34.66 34.81 0... 25-. 50.. 75.. 100- 150- 200. 300- 400- 600- 2.75 2.59 -0.70 -0.95 -0.55 0.40 0.75 2.25 2, 3.40 32.74 32.77 33.24 33.43 33.61 33.98 34.10 34.51 34.67 34.81 26.13 26.16 26.74 26.90 27.03 27.28 27.36 27.58 27. 66 27.72 Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 5167; May 30; latitude 48°40' N., longitude 49°31' W.; depth 1,060 meters; dynamic height 970.984 0--. 25.. 49. 74-, 99- 147, 196, 295 391, 590, 792, 2.34 32.72 0 2.34 32.72 2.16 32.80 25 2.16 32.80 -1.14 33.23 50 -1.15 33.23 -1.02 33.44 75 -1.00 33.45 -0.20 33.66 too -0.10 33.67 0.87 34.13 150 0.90 34.14 1.50 34.30 200- — 1.55 34.31 2.50 34.61 300--- 2.55 34.62 3.10 34.75 400.-- 3.20 34.76 3.54 34.84 600... . 3.50 34.84 3.50 34.85 800.... 3.50 34.85 3.36 34.86 1,000-- 3.35 34.86 26.14 26.23 26.74 26.92 27.06 27.38 27.47 27.65 27.70 27.73 27.74 27.76 Station 5168; Mav 30; latitude 49°07' N., longitude 49°16' W.; depth 1,628 meters; dynamic height 970.938 0 2.95 32.84 0 2.95 32.84 26.19 26 2.92 33.02 25 2.95 33.00 26.32 52 -0.05 33.80 50 -0.05 33.76 27.13 78 0.89 34.06 75 0.75 34.04 27.31 104 1.36 34.21 100 1.30 34.18 27. 38 156 1.96 34.44 150 1.90 34.42 27.54 208 2.16 34.50 200--. 2.15 34.49 27.57 312 2.58 34.60 300 2.50 34.58 27.61 405 2.98 34.71 400-.. . 3.00 34.70 27.67 610 3.34 34.84 600 3.30 34.84 27.75 818 3.43 800...- 3.45 34.86 27.75 1,024... 3.52 1,000-. 3.50 34.87 27.76 1,538... 3.34 34.89 Station 5169; May 30-31; latitude 49°34' N., longitude 49°08' W.; depth, 1,719 meters; dynamic height 970.924 0 2.51 32.90 0 2.51 32.90 26.27 20 2.11 33.09 25 1.65 33.23 26.60 40 0.35 33.76 50 0.25 33.86 27.20 60 0.25 33.94 75 0.55 34.04 27.32 80 0.70 34.07 100-..- 1.25 34.18 27.39 121 1.76 34.30 150.... 2.35 34.42 27.50 161 2.51 34.47 200.-- 2.70 34.55 27.57 241 2.84 34.63 300-.. 3.00 34.70 27.67 370 3.09 34.77 400.-.. 3.15 34.78 27.71 560 3.26 34.82 600.-- 3.25 34.82 27.74 755 3.35 34.84 800.--. 3.35 34.84 27.74 950 3.35 34.85 1,000.- 3.35 34.85 27.75 1,450-.- 3.29 34.88 Station 5170; May 31; latitude 50°01' N., longitude 48°40' W.; depth 2,103 meters; dynamic height 970.864 . 0 25 49 74 98 147 196 294 307 481 — - 669 857-..- 1,302.- 3.71 2.47 3.02 4.07 2.99 3.21 3.32 3.33 3.43 3.35 3.33 3.26 3.35 33.44 33.88 34.40 34.66 34.62 34.73 34.78 34.81 34.81 34.84 34.85 34.84 34.87 0 25... 50... 75--- 100- 150.. 200.. 300.. 400- . 600.. 800.. 1,000-. 3.71 2.47 3.05 4.05 3.00 3.20 3.35 3.40 3.35 3.35 3.25 3.30 33.44 33.88 34.41 34.66 34.62 34.73 34.78 34.81 34.83 34.85 34.84 34.85 26.60 27.05 27.43 27.53 27.61 27.67 27.69 27.72 27.73 27.75 27.75 27.76 113 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1953— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, "C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/co station 5171; June 6; latitude 46°46' N., longitude 48°43' W.; depth 89 meters; dynamic height 971.046 25.87 25.94 25.97 26.46 Station 5172; June 6; latitude 46°50' N., longitude 48°10' W.; depth 117 meters; dynamic height 971.042 0 4.27 32.59 0 4.27 32.59 26 3.67 32.59 25 3.60 32.59 51 3.24 32.60 50 3.25 32.59 77 -0.25 32.96 75 0.05 32.93 0 3.78 32.50 0 3.78 32.50 25.84 25 3.09 32.50 25 3.09 32.50 25.90 49 2.26 32.64 50 2.25 32.65 26.10 74 -1.08 33.01 75 -1.10 33.02 26.57 98 -0.55 33.24 100.... -0.50 33.25 26.74 Station 5173; June 6 latitude 46°5r N., longitude 47°38' W.; depth 183 meters; dynamic height 971.028 0.. 25. 51. 76. 101 152 3.37 2.66 -0.36 -1.18 -0.75 0.59 32.53 32.55 32,92 33.22 33.39 33.87 0.. 25. 50. 75. 100 150 3.37 2.66 -0.30 -1.20 32.53 32.55 32.91 33.21 -0.80 33.38 0.55 33.86 25.91 25.98 26.45 26.73 26.85 27.18 Station 5174; June 6; latitude 46°5r N., longitude 47°20' W.; depth 344 meters; dynamic height 971.009 0-. 25. 50. 75. 100 ISO 201 301 2.66 32.69 0 2.66 32.69 2.27 32.72 25 2.27 32.72 0.80 32.99 50 0.80 32.99 -0.27 33.55 75 -0.27 33.55 0.19 33.77 100.... 0.19 33.77 0.96 34.07 150.... 0.96 34.07 1.52 34.29 200..-. 1.50 34.28 2.01 34.43 300.... 2.00 34.43 26.09 26.15 26.47 26.97 27.13 27.32 27.45 27.53 Station 5175; June 6; latitude 46°50.5' N., longitude 47°12' W.; depth 695 meters; dynamic height 970.995 0 25 50 75 101 151 201 302 426 643 2.58 32.72 0. 2.58 32.72 2.14 32.72 25 2.14 32.72 1.37 32.89 50 1.37 32.89 0.39 33.55 75 0.39 33.55 0.75 33.80 100...- 0.70 33.79 1.39 34 22 150.... 1.40 34 21 2.03 34 42 200.... 2.00 34 41 2.56 34.62 300.... 2.55 34 61 3.17 34.76 400.... 3.10 34.74 3.46 34.81 600..-. 3.45 34.80 26.12 26.16 26.34 26.94 27.11 27.41 27.52 27.64 27.69 27.70 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera, ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/eo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 5176; June 6-7; latitude 46°49' N., longitude 46°52' W.; depth 1,197 meters; dynamic height 970.919 0.... 25... 49... 74... 98... 147.. 196.. 294.. 344.. 523.. 707.. 891.. 1.030 4.32 33.21 0 4.32 33.21 4.21 33.37 25 4.21 33.37 4.29 33.66 50 4.30 33.68 3.23 34 16 75 3.20 34 16 2.83 34 44 100.... 2.80 34.44 2.48 34.58 150.... 2.50 34.58 2.87 34.66 200.... 2.90 34.67 3.61 34.80 300..-. 3.65 34.81 3.65 34 84 400.--. 3.65 34.85 3.63 34.86 600.... 3.55 34.86 3.44 34.86 800-.-. 3.40 34.86 3.41 34.86 1,000.- 3.35 34.87 3.34 34.88 26.36- 26.49 26.73 27.22 27.47 27.61 27.66 27.69' 27.72 27.74 27.76 27. 77 Station 5177; June 7; latitude 46°48' N., longitude 46°3r W.; depth 604 meters; dynamic height 970.900 0..-- 23--- 47-.. 70-.. 93.-. 140 . 186-- 279.- 332 - 524-. 5.07 33.53 0 - 5.07 33.53 4.92 33.54 25 4.90 33.54 3.00 33.74 50 3.00 33.79 2.98 34.35 75 2.95 34.36 2.58 34.39 100...- 2.60 34.42 3.09 34.55 150.... 3.10 34.57 3 09 34.63 200.... 3.15 34.65 3.60 34.81 300.-.. 3.65 34.82 3.67 34.84 400.... 3.60 34.86 3.50 34.87 (600).. 3.45 34.87 26. 52 26.55 26.94 27.40 27.48 27.56 27.61 27.70 27.74 27.76 Station 5178; June 7; latitude 46°47' N., longitude 46°08' W.; depth 300 meters; dynamic height 970.922 0. 6.29 33.84 0 6.29 33.84 21 6.28 33.86 25 6.25 33.87 42- 4.95 33.89 50 4.70 33.93 63 4.31 34.04 75 3.70 34 10 83. 3.38 34.14 100.... 3.00 34.21 125 2.67 34.32 150.... 3.25 34.49 167 3.71 34.58 200.... 3.75 34.64 250 3.74 34.72 (300).. 3.70 34.80 26. 62 26.66 26.88 27.12 27.28 27.47 27.54 27.68 Station 5179; June 7; latitude 46°46' N., longitude 45°42' W.; depth 260 meters; dynamic height 970.939 0. 6.78 33.72 0 6.78 33.72 26.46 20 6.67 33.73 25 6.50 33.73 26.50 40. 5.72 33.76 50 4.55 33.84 26.82 60 3.26 33.94 75 2.90 34.01 27.13 80 2.82 34.03 100.... 2.55 34.08 27.21 121 2.36 34.15 150...- 3.05 34.36 27.39 161 3.29 34.42 200---- 3.20 34.53 27.51 201 3.18 34.53 114 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1953— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/co Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 5180; June 7; latitude 46°46' N., longitude 45°24' W.; depth 220 meters; dynamic height 970.967 26.33 26.33 26.53 26.94 27.09 27.32 27.44 Station 5181; June 7; latitude 46"'46.5' N., longitude 45°05' W.; depth 169 meters; dynamic height 970960 0 7.11 . 33. 60 0 7.11 33.60 25 7.02 33.60 25 7.02 33.60 49 6.08 33.67 50 6.00 33.68 74 3.68 33.87 75 3.65 33 88 98 2.99 33.97 100- . . . 2.95 33.98 148 2.84 34.24 150.... 2.85 34.25 197 3.57 34.48 200.... 3.55 34.49 0 _. 7.26 33.64 0 7.26 33.64 26.34 28 7.11 33.65 25 7.10 33.65 26.36 55. 4.96 33.78 50 5.35 33.75 26.67 82 3.10 33.94 75 3.40 33.90 26.99 109 2.78 34.09 100.... 2.85 34. C4 27.15 165 3.08 34.31 150.... 2.95 34.26 27.32 Station 5182; June 7; latitude 46°46' N., longitude 44°5r W.; depth 141 meters; dynamic height 970.946 0 7.29 33.64 0 7.29 33.64 26.33 25. 7.17 33.64 25 7.17 33.64 26.35 60 4.06 33.84 50 4.06 33.84 26.87 76 2.96 34.06 75 2.95 34.05 27.15 101 2.94 34.23 100.... 2.95 34.23 27.29 131 2.93 34.25 0 7.52 33.62 0. 7.52 33.62 26 5.94 33.74 25 6.05 33.73 62 3.13 33.95 50 3.20 33.94 78 2.93 34.07 75 2.95 34.05 104 3.07 34.28 100.... 3.05 34.26 165 3.74 34.49 150.... 3.65 34.47 Station 5183; June 7; latitude 46°40' N., longitude 44°5r W.; depth 170 meters; dynamic height 970.933 26.29 26.56 27.04 27.15 27.31 27.42 Station 5184; June 7; latitude 46°34' N., longitude 44°52' W.; depth 220 meters; dynamic height 970.956 26.29 26.35 26.68 27.03 27.17 27.36 27.56 0 7.56 33.64 0 7.56 33.64 24 7.31 33.65 25 7.25 33.65 47 5.47 33.73 50 5.20 33.74 71 3.22 33.90 75 3.15 33.93 94 2.94 34.05 100.... 2.95 34.08 141 2.97 34.28 150.... 3.05 34.33 188 3.95 34.60 (200).. 4.00 34.69 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °loo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 5185; June 7; latitude 46°27' N., longitude 44°52' W.; depth 677 meters; dynamic height 970.916 0.. 25. 49. 74. 98. 147 197 295 368 568 7.34 33.64 0 7.34 33.64 7.06 33.66 25 7.06 33.66 3.79 34.17 50 3.70 34.17 3.00 34.28 75 3.00 34.28 3.C6 34.36 100.... 3.05 34.36 2.85 34.52 150.... 2.85 34.53 3.45 34.68 200.... 3.50 34.68 3.58 34.81 300.... 3.60 34.81 3.55 34.83 400.... 3.55 34.84 3.48 34.86 (600) . . 3.45 34.86 26.32 26.38 27.18 27.33 27.39 27.54 27.60 27.70 27.72 27.75 Station 5186; June 7; latitude 46°19.5' N., longitude 44°54' W.; depth 2,103 meters; dynamic height 970.907 0. 26 53 79 105 157 209 314 426 641 858 1,068... 1,590... 7.45 33.70 0. 7.45 33.70 6.92 33.73 25 6.95 33.73 4.39 34.10 50 4.60 34.05 3.37 34.23 75 3.50 34.20 2.93 34.50 100.... 2.95 34.46 3.27 34.67 150.... 3.20 34. 65 3.44 34.76 200.... 3.45 34.74 3.52 34.85 300.... 3.55 34.84 •3.60 34.86 400.... 3.60 34.86 3.51 34. 875 600.... 3.50 34.87 3.47 34.89 800..-. 3.50 34.88 3.39 34.89 1,000.. 3.45 34.89 3.36 34.89 26.36 26.45 26.99 27.22 27.48 27.61 27.65 27.72 27.74 27.76 27.76 27.77 Station 5187; June 7; latitude 46°01' N., longitude 44°37' W.; depth 3,292 meters; dynamic height 970.973 0._ 25. 50. 75. 99. 149 199 298 344 517 6.81 33.30 0 6.81 33.30 6.65 33.33 25 6.65 33.33 6.03 33.38 50 6.03 33.38 1.86 33.83 75 1.86 33.83 2.37 34.10 100...- 2.40 34.12 3.71 34.51 150..-. 3.70 34.51 3.75 34.65 200.... 3.75 34.65 4.17 34.85 300.... 4.20 34.85 3.70 34. 825 400.... 3.65 34.84 3.59 34.86 600..-. 3.55 34.86 3.51 (800) . . 3.50 34.87 (1,000). 3.45 34.88 26.13 26.17 26.28 27.06 27.26 27.45 27.55 27.67 27.71 27.74 27.76 27.76 Station 5188; June 8; latitude 46°05' N., longitude 45°23' W.; depth 2,561 meters; dynamic height 970.921 0 7.07 33.81 0. 7.07 33.81 25. 6.90 33.80 25 6.90 33.80 49 4.26 34.08 50 4.25 34.08 74 2.56 34.17 75 2.55 34.18 98 3.41 34.46 100.... 3.45 34.47 147 3.94 34.70 150.... 3.95 34.70 196 3.85 34.77 2C0.... 3.85 34.77 294 3 94 34.84 300.... 3.95 34.84 377 4.09 34.90 400.... 4.10 34.90 668 3.89 34.90 600.... 3.85 34.90 760 *3.74 34.89 800.... 3.70 34.89 954 3.56 34.88 1,000.. 3.55 34.88 1,446... 3.38 34.86 26.49 26.51 27.05 27.29 27.44 27.57 27.64 27.68 27.72 27.74 27.75 27.75 115 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1953— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, /oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, Station 5189; June 8; latitude 46°07.5' N., longitude 46°08' W.; depth 1,719 meters; dynamic height 970.902 0..- 24.-. 48..- 72... 96--. 144.. 192.- 288- 323-- 494-- 672.. 852-- 1,325 7.36 33.72 0 7.36 33.72 6.88 33.73 25 6.80 33.73 3.78 34.10 50 3.75 34.11 3.10 34. 33 75 3.10 34.34 3.32 34.47 100...- 3.30 34.48 3.20 34.62 150-... 3.25 34. 64 3.80 34.78 200--.. 3.85 34.80 3.97 34.89 300.-.. 3.90 34.88 3.77 34. 805 400.... 3.70 34.87 3.62 34. 875 600---- 3.55 34.88 3.55 34.89 800---- 3.50 34.88 3.49 34.88 1,000- - 3.45 34.88 3.35 34.88 1 26.39 26.47 27.13 27.37 27.46 27.59 27.66 27.72 27.74 27.75 27.76 27.76 Station 5190; June 8; latitude 46°10.5' N., longitude • 46°41' VV.; depth 1,097 meters; dynamic height 970.898 0 24 49 73 97 145 194 291 362 551 740 934 5.21 33.30 0 5.21 33.30 4.57 33.38 25 4.50 33 39 2.12 34.04 50 2.05 34.06 1.65 34.26 75 1.65 34.27 2.04 34.37 100--- 2.05 34.38 2.65 34.56 150 2.70 34.57 3.32 34.72 200---- 3.35 34.73 3.58 34.83 300---- 3.60 34.84 3.99 34.91 400.-.. 3.95 34.91 3.67 34.88 600--- 3.55 34.88 3.47 34.87 800-.-- 3.45 34.88 3.42 34.89 (1,000) 3.40 34.89 26.32 26.47 27.24 27.44 27.49 27.59 27.65 27.72 27.74 27.75 27.76 27.78 Station 5191; June 8; latitude 46°14' N., longitude 47°10' W.; depth 1,051 meters; dynamic height 970.908 0-. 26 51 77 102 155 206 308 394 596 803 1,000... 3.91 33.18 0 3.91 33.18 3.40 33.31 25 3.40 33.31 3.56 33.60 50 3.55 33.57 2.49 34.43 75 2.50 34.35 2.67 34.49 100 2.65 34.48 2.43 34.58 150-..- 2.45 34.57 2.72 34. 06 200.... 2.70 34.65 3.40 34.82 300... . 3.35 34. 81 3.52 34.84 400.... 3.55 34.84 3.56 34.88 600---- 3.55 34.88 3.48 34.88 800--.- 3.50 34.88 3.50 34.89 1,000.. 3.50 34.89 26.37 26.52 26.72 27.43 27.52 27.61 27.65 27.72 27.72 27.75 27.76 27.77 Station 5192; June 8; latitude 46°16' N., longitude 47°17' W.; depth 595 meters; dynamic height 970.938 0 2.89 32.90 0 2.89 32.90 26.24 24 1.70 32.95 25 1.65 32.95 26.38 49 0.64 33.39 50 0.65 33.10 26.56 73 0.61 33.83 75 0.65 33.89 27.19 98 1.22 34.17 100 1.25 34.18 27.39 147 1.82 34.39 150.-- 1.85 34.40 27.52 195 2.27 34. 54 200... . 2.30 34.55 27.61 293 2.72 34.67 300.... 2.75 34 68 27.67 374 3.27 34.80 400.... 3.30 34.81 27.73 577 3.44 34.85 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera, ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo Sealed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo station 5193; June 8; latitude 46°15.5' N., longitude 47°40' W.; depth 172 meters; dynamic height 971.010 0 2.81 32.68 0. 2.81 32.68 26.07 26 1.97 32.76 25 2.00 32.76 26.20 52 0.55 32.98 50 0.60 32.97 26.46 78 -0.45 33.24 75 -0.40 33 22 26.71 103 -0.30 33.56 100.... -0.35 33.53 26.95 156 0.50 33.84 150 0.45 33.81 27.14 station 5194; June 8; latitude 46° 14' N., longitude 47°57' VV.; depth 117 meters; dynamic height 971.020 0 3.20 32.50 0 3.2r 32.50 25.89 25 2.86 32.56 25 2.86 32. 56 25.97 48 0.82 32.76 50 0.65 32.79 26.32 73 -1.26 33.21 75 -1.25 33.24 26.75 97 -0.43 33.41 100—- -0.35 33.43 26.87 station 5195; June 8; latitude 46°16' N., longitude 48°28' W.; depth 91 meters; dynamic height 971.032 0_. 4.44 32.59 0 4.44 32.59 25.85 22 4.44 32.60 25 4.40 32.60 25.87 45- 3.49 32.61 50 2.30 32.62 26.07 67 -0.47 32.93 (75) — -0.95 33.09 26.62 Station 5196; June 9; latitude 46°18' N., longitude 48°56' W.; depth 68 meters; dynamic height 971.033 0 4.25 32.59 0 4.25 32.59 15 4.24 32.59 25 4.20 32.59 41 3.99 32.61 50 2.65 32.70 56 0.63 32.80 25.87 25.88 26.10 Station 5197; June 9; latitude 46°10' N., longitude 48°42' W.; depth 82 meters; dynamic height 971.034 0 4.52 32.58 0 4.52 32.58 25.84 23 4.51 32.58 25 4.50 32.58 25.84 47 3.84 32.60 50 3.00 32.63 26.02 61 -0.56 32.92 (75)... -1.00 33.15 26.68 Station 5198; June 9; latitude 46°02' N., longitude 48°27' W.; depth 89 meters; dynamic height 971.034 0- 25 49 74 3.42 32.53 0 3.42 32.53 3.40 32.53 25 3.40 32.53 2.44 32.62 50 2.30 32.63 -0.67 32.97 75 -0.75 32.98 25.90 25.90 26.08 26.53 116 Table of Oceanograpbic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1953— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo station 5199; June 9; latitude 45°49' N., longitude 48°12' W.; depth 115 meters; dynamic height 971.015 0 3.00 32.52 0 3.00 32.52 25.93 23. 2.97 32.53 25 2.95 32.54 25.95 46 0.42 32.91 50 0.15 32.98 26.49 69 -0.55 33.24 75 -0.55 33.34 26.81 92 0.03 33.65 100- — 0.25 33.82 27.17 Station 5200; June 9; latitude 45°47' N., longitude 48°14' W.; depth 179 meters; dynamic height 971.019 26.02 26.10 26.54 26.85 27.05 27.24 Station 5201; June 9; latitude 45°43' N., longitude 48°10' W.; depth 685 meters; dynamic height 970.985 0- 2.79 32.61 0 2.79 32.61 23 2.57 32.67 25 2.50 32.68 46 1.03 33.02 50 0.80 33.08 69 0.07 33.34 75 0.05 33.41 93 0.11 33.63 100--_. 0.15 33.68 139 0.65 33.90 (150).. 0.80 33.96 0_. 26. 51. 77. 102 152 203 305 350 539 2.60 32.74 0 2.60 32.74 2.44 32.78 25 2.45 32.78 1.11 33.26 50 1.15 33.24 0.66 33.60 75 0.65 33.57 0.91 34.03 100- - . . 0.90 34.01 1.42 34.24 150---. 1.40 34.23 1.72 34.35 200-.-. 1.70 34.34 2.10 34.47 300---- 2.10 34.46 2.48 34.60 400---- 2.80 34.67 3.26 34.78 (600).. 3.30 34.81 26.14 26.18 26.65 26. 94 27.28 27.42 27.48 27.55 27.66 27.73 Station 5202; June 9; latitude 45°31.5' N., longitude 47°56' W.; depth 1,335 meters; dynamic height 970.910 26.29 26.38 27.18 27.44 27.51 27.58 27.64 27.70 27.72 27.74 27.76 27.77 0 3.89 33.08 0 3.89 33.08 27 3.52 33.16 25----- 3.55 33.15 53 1.97 34.13 50 2.15 34.00 80 - 1.59 34.30 75 1.60 34.28 105 1.89 34,40 100---- 1.80 34.38 159 2.25 34.52 150---- 2.20 34.50 212 2.72 34.65 200---- 2.60 34.62 317 3.36 34.80 300---- 3.25 34.78 387 3.87 34.88 400---- 3.85 34.88 585 3.56 34.86 600---- 3.55 34.86 788 3.53 34.89 800---- 3.55 34.89 990 3.49 34.89 1,000-- 3.50 34.89 1,293... 3.39 34.88 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, station 5203; June 9; latitude 45°12.5' N., longitude 47°33' W.; depth 2,944 meters; dynamic height 970.985 0..-- 25--- 49.-- 74... 99... 147- . 196- - 295.. 368.- 563-- 764-. 960- . 1,459 6.20 33.30 0- 6.20 33.30 5.99 33.30 25 5.99 33.30 4.70 33.50 50 4.65 33.52 2.57 33.87 75 2.55 33.88 2.88 34.10 100... . 2.90 34.10 3.16 34.33 150---- 3.20 34.35 3.63 34.58 200--.- 3.65 34.60 4.82 34.90 300---- 4.85 34.90 4.71 34.93 400-.-- 4.60 34.93 4.14 34.93 600---- 4.05 34.93 3.87 34.92 800---- 3.80 34.91 3.67 34.90 1,000.. 3.70 34.90 3.53 34.92 26.20 26.23 26.57 27.05 27.20 27.37 27.52 27.63 27.68 27.74 27.76 27.76 Station 5204; June 9; latitude 45°19' N., longitude 46°44' W.; depth 3,292 meters; dynamic height 970.935 0 25 51 76 101 151 202 303 394 597 802 1,002... 1,502... 7.13 33.62 0 7.13 33.62 7.12 33.62 25 7.12 33.62 5.37 33.89 50 5.55 33.88 3.54 34.32 75 3.55 34.31 3.44 34.46 100---- 3.45 34.45 3.85 34.68 150-..- 3.85 34.68 4.13 34.79 200-..- 4.10 34.78 3.85 34.82 300.... 3.85 34.82 3.86 34.87 400..-- 3.85 34.87 3.66 34.87 600.... 3.65 34.87 3.57 34.88 800-... 3.55 34.88 3.49 34.88 1,000.. 3.55 34.88 3.37 34.87 26.34 26.34 26.74 27.30 27.42 27.56 27.62 27.68 27.72 27.74 27.75 27.75 Station 5205; June 10; latitude 45°21' N., longitude 45°54' W.; depth 3,438 meters; dynamic height 970.949 0 6.07 33.36 0 6.07 33.36 26.27 23 6.00 33.36 25 6.00 33.36 26.28 45 5.04 33.73 50 4.75 33.83 26.79 68 3.48 34.15 75 3.35 34.22 27.25 90 3.29 34.32 100.... 3.30 34.36 27.37 135 3.35 34.49 150--.. 3.55 34.56 27.50 180 4.00 34. 70 200.... 4.10 34.74 27.59 270 4.20 34.85 300--.. 4.20 34.86 27.68 292 4.21 34.86 400--.. 4.05 34.87 27.70 451 3.96 34.87 600... . 3.80 34.88 27.73 620 3.80 34.88 800--.. 3.60 34.88 27.75 796 3.56 34.88 1,000.- 3.50 34.88 27.76 1,274... 3.42 34.88 303589—55- 117 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1953— Continued station 5206; June 10; latitude 45°25' N., longitude 45°19' W.; depth 4,207 meters; dynamic height 971.092 0 - 27 53 79. 105 159 211 316 422 631 840 1,048... 1,563... 6.90 33.25 0 6.90 33. 25 10.50 34.39 25 10.25 34.33 11.55 34.84 50 11.45 34.81 11.72 35.03 75 11.70 35.01 11.32 35.10 100.... 11.45 35.09 8.92 150.... 9.35 34.93 7.11 34.79 2C0.... 7.45 34.80 5.69 34.80 300.... 5.90 34. 8C 4.62 34.84 400.... 4.80 34 83 4.41 34.94 600.... 4.45 34.93 3.84 34.90 800.... 3.90 34.91 3.65 34.90 1,000.. 3.70 34.90 3.40 34.88 26.08 26.40 26.57 26.68 26.78 27.02 27.22 27.43 27. 58 27.70 27.75 27.76 Station 5207; June 10; latitude 44°50' N., longitude 45°16' W.; depth 4,134 meters; dynamic height 971.083 0 26 51 78 103... . 155.... 206.... 309.... 341--.. 519.... 703--.- 893--.. 1,393. . 4.17 32.73 0 4.17 32.73 10.56 34.34 25 10.40 34 25 11.72 34.73 50 11.70 34.72 11.98 35.25 75 12.00 35.23 10.95 35.15 100.... 11.20 35.16 6.59 34.54 150..-. 6.70 34.60 7.26 34.87 200---. 7.25 34.83 6.84 35.02 300.... 6.85 35.00 6.95 35.10 400- . . . 6.20 35.04 4.75 34.92 600.... 4.40 34.92 4.18 34.92 800.... 4.05 34.92 3.99 34.92 1,000.. 3.90 34.92 3.60 34.90 25.99 26.32 26.45 26.79 26.88 27.16 27.27 27.46 27.58 27.70 27.74 27.76 Station 5208; June 10; latitude 44°24.5' N., longitude 45°15' W.; depth 3,942 meters; dynamic height 971.150 0 14.17 35.04 0 14.17 35. 04 26.21 25 13.96 35.04 25 13. 96 35.04 26.25 50 12.51 35.17 50 12.51 35.17 26.65 75 12.94 35.49 75 12.94 35.49 26.80 100 12.54 35.45 100... 12.54 35.45 26. 85 150 11.68 35.34 150..-- 11.68 35.34 26.93 200 11.55 35.47 200--.- 11.55 35.47 27.05 300 •8.89 35.12 300---- 8.89 35.12 27.25 370 7.47 35,06 400---- 6.95 35.04 27.48 563 4.94 34.96 600--.- 4.8£ 34.96 27.68 762 4.67 35. 00 800---- 4.55 34.99 27.74 961 4.01 34.94 1,000-- 3.9£ 34.94 27.76 1,471 ... 3.40 34.88 Station 5209; June 10; latitude 44°24' N., longitude 45°58' W.; depth 3,841 meters; dynamic height 971.209 0 12.44 34.28 0 12.44 34.28 25,96 24 12.53 34.44 25 12.55 34.48 26.09 48 14.54 35.67 50 14.55 35.66 26.59 72 13.37 35.53 75 13. 35 35.53 26.75 95 13 24 35.56 100-..- 13 20 35.56 26.80 144 12.63 35.48 150---- 12.55 35.46 26.86 191 11.99 35.36 200-..- 11.90 35.34 26.89 286 10.40 35. 27 300---. 9.85 35.18 27.13 325 •9.00 35.08 400--.- 7.25 35.03 27.42 497 5.57 34.90 600---- 4.90 34 93 27.65 676 4.59 34.94 800.-.. 4.30 34.93 27.71 863 4.14 34.93 1,000-. 4.00 34.92 27.75 1,360. . - 3.60 34.88 Station 5210; June 10-11 ; latitude 44°26' N. , longitude 46°24' W.; depth 3,749 meters; dynamic height 971.171 0-.-- 25..- 50-.. 76.-- 100-- 151-. 201 -- 301.- 322-. 491 - - 666-- 844-. 1,306 11.79 34.10 0 11.79 34. 10, 12 92 34,70 25 12 92 34.70i 14.83 35,76 50 14.83 35,76 14.25 35,75 75 14.25 35,75 13.64 35,67 100-.-- 13.60 35,67 12.80 35, 57 150---- 12.80 35, 57 11.13 35.33 200---- 11,15 35.33 8.33 34 98 300---- 8.35 34, 98 7.43 34,94 400---- 5.55 34,81 4.21 34,72 600--.. 4.45 34.85 4.53 34,92 800- - - - 4,20 34.92 4,11 34,92 1,000.. 3.90 34.91 3.55 34, 885 25.95 26.20 26.61 26,73 26,81 26,90 27,02 27,22 27.48 27,64 27. 7.3 27. 75 Station 5211; June 11: latitude 44°31' N., longitude 46°50' W.; depth 3,603 meters; dynamic height 971.036 0---- 23 .. 46.-- 69--- 91--- 138.- 184- . 275-. 289-. 440- . 596-. 762.. 1,207 3,95 32.77 0 3,95 32.77 2,68 32,71 25 2.60 32.71 0,61 33.03 50 0.30 33,09 -0.52 33.37 75 -0,55 33,44 -0.48 33,62 100---- -0,05 33 73 3,21 34,19 150---. 2,85 34,17 1,47 34,11 200---- 1,65 34,16 3.11 34.54 300---- 3,40 34,61 3,05 34,53 400---- 4,50 34.88 4,71 34,94 600---- 4,30 34 94 4,34 34,94 800.--- 3,95 34,91 4,00 34,91 1,000.- 3,70 34.89 3,46 34,88 23.04 26,11 26,57 26,89 27,10 27,26 27.35 27,56 27,65 27,72 27.74 27,75 118 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1953— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/co station 5212; June 11; latitude 44°43.5' N., longitude 47°32' W.; depth 3,841 meters; dynamic height 970.974 0 26 51 77 102, -_. 153.... 204 306..-. 376-..- 570 768..-- 965.... 1,468-. 5.44 33.02 0 5.44 33.02 5.38 33.13 25 5.40 33 13 3.98 33.22 50 4.15 33.22 2.53 34.03 75 2.65 33.95 3.13 34.27 100--.- 3.10 34.26 3.33 34.48 150---- 3.30 34.47 3.45 34.62 200---- 3.45 34.61 4.24 34.86 300- - - - 4.25 34.84 4.19 34.89 400- - - - 4.15 34.89 3.84 34.90 600. - - - 3.80 34.90 3.62 34.87 800---- 3.60 34.87 3.58 34.88 1,000.. 3.55 34.88 3.40 34.88 26.08 26.17 26.37 27.10 27.31 27.46 27.55 27.65 27.70 27.75 27.75 27.75 Station 5213; June 11; latitude 44°49.5' N., longitude 48°11' W.; depth 2,834 meters; dynamic height 970.966 0 22 42 64 85 128 170-.-- 255---- 361---. 549 744 942... 1,457.. 5.69 33.14 0 5.69 33.14 5.77 33.15 25 5.75 33.16 4.36 33.54 50 3.85 33.71 3.25 33.97 75 2.90 34.10 2.68 34.20 100---. 2.85 34.26 3.27 150--.. 3.60 34 47 3.93 34.54 200---- 4.10 34.63 4.14 34.80 300.... 4.15 34.83 4.11 34.86 400- - - - 4.05 34.87 3.72 34.88 600- - - - 3. 70 34.88 3.60 34.87 800---- 3.55 34.87 3.48 34.88 1,000.- 3.50 34.88 3.50 34.88 26.15 26.15 26.80 27.20 27.33 27.43 27.50 27.65 27.70 27.74 27.75 27. 76 Station 5214; June 11; latitude 44°56' N., longitude 48°34' W.; depth 1,939 meters; dynamic height 970.916 0 24 47 71 94 141 188 282 393 591 791 987 1,476... 3.08 32.96 0 2.78 .33.02 25 3.38 33.55 50 1.73 34.21 75 2.08 34.38 100- - - - 2.29 34.52 150---- 2.50 34.59 200- - - - 3.58 34.82 300--.- 3.53 34.83 400- - - - 3.52 34.87 600...- 3.48 800--.. 3.48 1,000- 3.39 34.89 3.08 2.80, 3.30 1.75 2.10 2.30 2.60 3.55 3.55 3.50 3.50 3.50 32.96 26.27 33 02 26. 36 33 64 . 26. 79 34.26 27.42 34.40 27.50 34.53 27.59 34.61! 27.63 34.82 27.71 34.83 27.72 34.87 27.76 34.87 27.76 34.88 27.76 Station 5215; June 11; latitude 44°58' N., longitude 48°58' W.; depth 869 meters; d>Tiamic height 971.026 0-- 26.. 51.. 77.. 102 154 205 307 425 637 3.50 32.49 0 3.50 32.49 2.20 32.88 25 2.30 32.88 0.71 33.21 50 0.80 33.19' 0.30 33.48 75 0.30 33. 45! 0.42 33.83 100- - - - 0.35 33.79 1.22 34.14 150---- 1.20 34 12, 1.45 34.24 200...- 1.45 34.23 1.83 34.38 300--.. 1.80 34.37 *2.56 34.61 ' 4'00.--. 2.35 34.56 3.38 34.81 1 600---- 3.30 34.78 25.85 26.28 26.63 26. 86 27.13 27.35 27.41 27.51 27.61 27.70 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °loo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 5216; June 11; latitude 45°00' N., longitude 49°10' W.; depth 70 meters; dynamic height 971.061 0 4.53 0 4.53 32.49 25.75 25 2.10 32.72 25 2.10 32.72 26.16 50 -0.41 32.98 50 -0.41 32.98 26.52 60 -0.40 33.01 75 -0.33 33.03 Station 5217; June 12; latitude 45°03.5' N., longitude 49°30' W.; depth 66 meters; dynamic height 971.071 0 4.54 32.49 0 4.54 32.49 25.75 26 3.49 32.57 25 3.50 32.56 25.91 52 0.25 32.84 50 0.35 32.82 26.36 Station 5218; June 12; latitude 44°14' N., longitude 49°28' W.; depth 50 meters; dynamic height 971.088 0.. 6.79 31.94 0 6.79 31.94 25.06 28 3.91 32.62 25 4.25 32.55 25.84 44 3.47 32.66 (50)..- 3.40 32.67 26.01 Station 5219; June 12; latitude 44°06' N., longitude 49°12' W.; depth 100 meters; dynamic height 971.056 0 5.37 32.40 0 5.37 32.40 25.61 26 2.52 32.72 25 2.60 32.71 26.11 53 0.31 32.98 50 0.50 32.95 26.44 79 0.04 33.18 75 0.10 33.14 26.63 Station 5220; June 12; latitude 44°05' N., longitude 49°06' W.; depth 320 meters; dynamic height 971.046 0 4.10 32.44 0. 4.10 32.44 25.77 25 1.81 32.76 25 1.81 32.76 26.21 50 0.13 33.03 50 0.13 33.03 26.53 75 -0.40 33.34 75 -0. 40 33 34 26.81 100 -0.26 33.50 100.... -0.26 33.50 26.93 151 0.42 33.83 150.-.. 0.40 33.83 27.16 201 0.97 34.03 200--.. 0.95 34.02 27.28 251 1.18 34.13 Station 5221; June 12; latitude 44°03' N., longitude 49°02' W.; depth 951 meters; dynamic height 971.038 0 3.46 32.43 0 3.46 32.43 25 2.22 32.73 25 2.22 32. 73 50 0.27 33.01 50 0.27 33.01 75 -0.52 33.28 75 -0.52 33.28 100 -0.22 33.48 100---- -0.22 33.48 150 0.56 33.90 150--.- 0.56 33 90 200 1.20 34.12 200- . . - 1.20 34.12 300 2.93 34.59 300--.. 2.93 34.59 401 2.79 34.64 400---- 2.80 34.64 596 3.38 34.81 600.... 3.40 34.81 (800) - . 3.45 34.85 25.82 26.16 26.52 26.76 26.91 27.21 27.35 27.58 27.63 27.72 27.74 119 Table of Oceanograpbic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1953— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oc station 5222; June 12; latitude 44°02' N., longitude 48°56' W.; depth 1,646 meters; dynamic height 971.023 0 3.73 32.25 0 3.73 32.25 25.64 25 2.91 32.68 25 2.91 32.68 26.07 50 1.78 32.80 50 1.78 32.80 26. 25 75 0.73 33.21 75 0.73 33.21 26.65 100 0.36 33.68 100---- 0.36 33.68 27.04 150 2.11 34.24 150---- 2.11 34.24 27. o7 200 2.11 34.37 200---. 2.11 34.37 27.48 300 2.35 34.54 300.--- 2.35 34.54 27.59 394 2.92 34.70 400.--- 2.95 34.71 27.68 593 3.48 34.83 600.--- 3.45 34.83 27.72 793 3.51 34.85 800---- 3.50 34.85 27.74 990 3.51 34.86 1,000-. 3.50 34.86 27.75 1,479--- 3.44 34.86 station 5223; June 12; latitude 43°56' N., longitude 48°40' W.; depth 3,120 meters; dynamic height 971.022 0 9.38 24 8.31 49 3.16 73 6.58 98 7.48 147 6.93 195 4.85 293 6.14 374 6.38 561 4.12 748 3.88 933 3.70 1,391... 3.53 32.91 33.18 33.63 34.42 34.73 34.86 34.62 35.03 35.16 34.93 34.91 34.90 34.91 0 25... 50... 75... 100.. 150.- 200-- 300-- 400.- 600-- 800- - 1,000 9.38 8.10 3.20 6.70 7.50 6.85 4.90 6.20 6.15 4.05 3.85 3.70 32.91 33.20 33.65 34.45 34.74 34.85 34.62 35.05 35.13 34.92 34.90 34.90 25.44 25.88 26.81 27.05 27.16 27.34 27.41 27.59 27.65 27.74 27.74 27.76 Observed values Station 5224; June 12; latitude 43°48' N., longitude 48°02' W.; depth 3,566 meters; dynamic height 971.003 0 - 6.87 33.00 0. 6.87 33.00 25.89 25 4.82 33.08 25 4.82 33.08 26.20 49 - 3.51 33.24 50 3.45 33.25 26.46 74 1.80 33.62 75 1.75 33.63 26.91 99 1.48 33.90 100.... 1.50 33.91 27.16 148 2.04 34.26 150 2.05 34.26 27.40 197 1.90 34.38 200.... 1.95 34.39 27.51 296 3.63 34.73 300---- 3.65 34.74 27.63 381 4.50 34.91 400---- 4.50 34.91 27.68 576 3.99 34.88 600---- 3.95 34.88 27.71 775 3.69 800---- 3.70 34.88 27.74 968 3.57 34.88 1,000.- 3.55 34.88 27.75 1,450... 3.39 Station 5225; Junel2-13; latitude 43°37'N., longitude 47°23' W.; depth 3,932 meters; dynamic height 971.161 0.. 25- 50- 74- 99- 149 198 297 302 10.26 32.98 0 10.26 32.98 11.69 34.16 25 11.69 34.16 11.84 35.18 50 11.84 35.18 13.12 35.53 75 13.10 35.53 12.47 35.40 100---- 12.40 35.40 11.42 35.26 150---- 11.40 35.26 9.82 35.10 200---- 9.80 35.10 6.40 34.73 300---- 6.75 34.78 7.03 34.83 (400)-- 5.50 34.81 (600) - - 4.25 34.87 (800)-. 3.95 34.87 (1,000). 3.85 34.88 25.36 26.02 26.78 26.80 26.84 26.93 27.08 27.30 27.49 27.68 27.71 27.72 Depth, meters Tem- pera, ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 5226; June 13; latitude 43°27' N., longitude 46°44' W.; depth 4,298 meters; dynamic height 971.299 0 14.32 34.13 0 14.32 34.13 25.46 25 15.23 35.11 25 15.23 35.11 26.02 49 15.55 35.46 50 15.55 35.47 26.22 74 14.95 35.68 75 14.90 35.68 26.53 98 14.55 3.5. 79 100---- 14.50 35.79 26.70 147 13.63 35.66 150---- 13.60 35.65 26.79 197 12.80 35.55 200 12.80 35.54 26.87 295 10.95 35.35 300---- 10.95 35.35 27.08 315 no. 68 35. 33 400---- 8.85 35.14 27.27 500 6.84 34.96 600---- 5.75 34.95 27.56 688 5.13 34.95 800-.-- 4.60 34.93 27.68 868 4.36 34.92 1,000.. 4.15 34.92 27.73 1,337... 3.76 34.93 Station 5227; June 13; latitude 43°17' N., longitude 46°06' W.; depth 4,663 meters; dynamic height 971.295 25.93 26.26 26.37 26.50 26.66 26.82 26.87 27.00 27.17 27.58 27.69 27.73 0 14.46 34.76 0 14.46 34.76 25 12.91 34.78 25 12.91 34.78 50 12.89 34.91 50 12. 89 34.91 74 12.52 34.98 75 12.50 34.98 99 12. 85 35.27 100---- 12.85 35.28 149 12.80 35. 47 150 12.80 35.47 198 12.15 35.38 200 12.15 35.37 403 8.29 34.92 300---- 10.45 35.14 620 5.02 34.87 400---- 8.40 34.92 841 4.67 34.98 600---- 5.15 34.87 1,044--- 4.18 34.93 800---- 4.75 34.96 1,553-.- 3.61 34.91 1,000-. 4.25 34.94 Station 5228; June 13; latitude 43°06' N., longitude 45°25' W.; depth 4,609 meters; dynamic height 971.310 15. 52 35.04 15.42 35.42 15.44 35.62 15.03 35.75 14.13 35. 68 13.48 35. 64 13.18 35.62 10.62 35.18 8.28 34.90 5.61 34.91 4.92 34.98 4.33 34.95 3.63 34.91 0 25 50 75 100---- 150---- 200---- 300---- 400---- 600---- 800---. 1,000-- 15.52 35.04 15.42 35.42 15.44 35.62 15.00 35.75 14.10 35.68 13.50 35.64 13.20 35.62 10. ,55 35.17 8.40 34.90 5. 75 34.91 4.95 34.98 4.35 34.95 25.90 26.22 26.37 26.56 26.71 26.80 26.85 27. 01 27.15 27.54 27.68 27.73 Station 5229; June 13; latitude 42°45' N., longitude 45°47' W.; depth 4,572 meters; dynamic height 971.300 0 25 50 74 99 149 198.---- 297- 381 595 800 1,001-.- 1,504-.. 16.30 16. 50 15.76 15.51 14.73 13.66 12.77 11.29 8.8' 6.34 4 4.25 3.60 34.87 35.28 35.41 35.50 35.59 35.58 35.54 35. 44 35.14 35.07 34.97 34.94 34.90 0 25-.-- 50.--- 75.--- 100--. 150... 200... 300... 400... 600... 800... 1,000. 16.30 16.50 15.76 15.50 14.70 13.65 12.75 11.20 8.45 6.30 4.90 4.25 34.87 35.28 35.41 35.50 35.59 35.58 35.54 35.43 35.13 35.07 34.97 34.94 25.69 25.87 26.14 26.26 26.51 26.73 26.88 27.09 27.32 27.59 27.69 27.73 120 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1953— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °loo station 5230; June 13; latitude 42°23.5' N., longitude 46°09' W.; depth 4,755 meters; dynamic height 971.252 0 16.65 35.20 0 16.65 35.20 25.77 23 16. 56 35.22 25----- 16.50 35.22 25.82 47 15.91 35.31 50 15.80 35.32 26.05 70 15.08 35.38 75.--.- 14.80 35.38 26.33 93 13.54 35.36 100---. 13.30 35.34 26.61 140 11.59 35.19 150---- 11.25 35.15 26.87 187 9.66 34.99 200--.- 9.50 34,99 27.04 280 8.83 35.05 300---- 8.70 35.06 27.23 325 8.49 35.07 400---- 7.65 35.04 27.37 497 6.51 35.00 600---- 5.70 34.99 27.60 660 5.32 34.98 800---- 4.85 34.98 27.69 838 4.77 34.98 1,000-- 4.45 34.96 27.73 1,306... 3.87 34.92 Station 5231; June 14; latitude 42°37.5' N., longitude 46° 48' W.; depth 3,932 meters; dynamic height 971.320 0 16.11 35.18 0 16.11 35.18 25.88 24 16.29 35.55 25 16.25 35.55 26.13 49 15.56 35.66 50 15.50 35.66 26.39 73 14.77 35.73 75 14.75 35.73 26.60 98 14.53 35.75 100---- 14.50 35.75 26.68 147 13.55 35.63 150---- 13.50 35.63 26.79 195 13.05 35.56 200---- 13.00 35.56 26.84 293 11.71 35.46 300---- 11.60 35.45 27.03 366 10.63 35.34 400---- 10.05 35.29 27.18 569 7.36 35.11 600--.- 6.95 35.09 27.52 752 5.48 35.02 800...- 5.25 35.01 27.68 946 4.71 34.99 1,000-. 4.60 34.98 27.72 1,440... 3.85 34.90 Station 5232; June 14; latitude 42°50.5' N., longitude 47°22' W.; depth 3,658 meters; dynamic height 971.226 0 13.82 33.81 0 13.82 33.81 25.32 23 15.44 35.46 25 15.40 35.50 26.28 46 14.68 35.63 50 14.55 35.63 26.57 69 14.15 35.62 75 14.05 35.61 26.67 92 13.71 35.60 100---- 13.60 35.59 26.74 138 13.15 35.55 150---- 13. 15 35.58 26.83 184 13.24 35.68 200---- 12.75 35.62 26.94 276 10.41 35.28 300---- 9.95 35.21 27.15 289 10.13 35.22 400---- 8.40 .35.17 27.37 441 7.84 35.15 600---- 5.40 34.99 27.64 581 5.50 34.99 800---. 4.65 34.97 27.72 728 4.87 34.99 1,000.. 4.15 34.94 27.74 1,092... 3.91 34.93 Station 5233; June 14; latitude 43°05' N., longitude 47°58' W.; depth 3,566 meters; dynamic height 971.037 0 20 40 60- 80 120 159 239 400 10.24 9.65 5.86 6.35 6.55 6.18 6.24 5.46 4.81 33.03 33.13 33.33 34.29 34.46 34.59 34.72 34.83 34.96 0 25 50 75 100---. 150---. 200---. 300---. 400---. (600)-. (800).. (1,000) 10.24 8.60 6.10 6.55 6.40 6.25 5.85 5.20 4 5.20 3.70 3.55 33.03 33.15 33.80 34.43 34.53 34.69 34.78 34.88 34.96 35.05 34.87 34.87 25.40 25.75 26.62 27.05 27.15 27.29 27.41 27.57 27.69 27.71 27.74 27.75 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera, ture, °C. Salin- ity, "loo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° O. Salin- ity, 7oo Station 5234; June 14; latitude 43°14' N., longitude 48°23' W.; depth 3,109 meters; dynamic height 971.020 0 23--- 45--- 135- - 181- - 271-- 325-- 512-. 700- . 887.. 1,375 9.01 32.91 0 9.01 32.91 6.30 32.98 25 6.10 32.98 4.46 33.06 50 4.10 33.10 2.68 33.35 75 2.40 33.45 2.08 33.72 100---- 2.10 33.82 2.35 34.12 150---- 2.85 34.25 3.58 34.48 200--.. 3.75 34.55 4.08 34.70 300---- 3.80 34.72 3.64 34.74 400---- 3.65 34.80 3.62 34.86 600---- 3.60 34.87 3.53 34.88 800---- 3.50 34.88 3.48 34.88 1,000.. 3.45 34.88 3.31 34.89 25.49 25.97 26.28 26.72 27.04 27.32 27.47 27.61 27.68 27.75 27.76 27.76 Station 5235; June 14; latitude 42° 35.5' N., longitude 48°44' W.; depth 2,433 meters; dynamic height 971.017 0 9.00 33.06 0 9.00 33.06 25.62 25 6.72 33.02 25 6.72 33.02 25.92 50 5.06 33.45 50 5.06 33.45 26.46 75 3.98 33.90 75 3.98 33.90 26.93 99- 4.36 34.26 100---- 4.35 34,26 27.18 149 4.04 34.45 150-- 4.05 34.45 27.36 199 5.09 34.78 200---- 5.10 34.78 27.51 298 4.26 34.79 300---- 4.25 34.79 27.61 410 4.30 34.88 400---. 4.30 34.87 27.67 632 3.93 34. 895 600---- 3.95 34.89 27.72 836 3.64 34.88 800- — 3.65 34.88 27.74 1,045--. 3.57 34.88 1,000.. 3.60 34.88 27.75 1,569... 3.40 34.89 Station 5236; June 15; latitude 42°14' N., longitude 48°10' W.; depth 3,402 meters; dynamic height 971.119 0 12.71 33.34 24 11.35 34.43 48 10.77 34.89 72 11.87 35.24 96 11.76 35.26 144 9.41 34.87 192 9.65 35.10 288 7.03 34.89 261 7.09 34.82 403 4.58 34.80 537 4.66 34.93 689 4.51 34.95 1,102... 3.84 34.91 0 25 50 75 100 150 200.-.- 300---- 400---- 600-.-- 800---- 1,000.. 12.71 33.34 11.30 34.46 10.80 34.95 11.90 35.25 11,75 35.25 9.40 34.89 9.50 35.09 6.40 34.83 4.60 34.80 4.60 34.94 4. 35 34.94 4.00 34.92 25.18 26.32 26.79 26.82 26.85 26.98 27.12 27.38 27.58 27.69 27.72 27.75 Station 5237; June 15; latitude 41°54' N., longitude 47°35' W.; depth 3,658 meters; dynamic height 971.262 0---- 22--- 45--- 67--- 90-- 135- . 179.- 269-- 359.- 561-- 753- 950- - 1,455 13.82 11.70 12.09 12.84 12.63 12.90 12.14 9.99 8.47 6.09 4.93 4.11 3.68 33.16 33.73 34.64 35.36 35.38 35.50 35.38 35.16 35.06 35.01 34.96 34.92 34.90 0 25.--. 50.--- 75---- 100--- 150- . 200.-- 300--. 400.-- 600--- 800--- 1,000- 13.82 11.70 12.25 12,80 12.65 12.70 11.75 9.45 7.95 5 4.70 4.05 33.16 33.83 34.80 35.37 35.40 35.47 35.32 35.11 35.05 35.00 34.95 34.92 24.82 25.76 26.41 26.74 26.79 26.84 26.91 27.15 27.34 27.60 27.69 27.74 121 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1953— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo station 5238; June 15; latitude 41°42' N., longitude 47°14' W.; depth 4,298 meters; dynamic height 971.332 0.... 24... 48... 71. - 95-. 143.- 191.. 286_. 392.- 605.. 803_. 1,008 1,521 15.46 33.74 0 15.46 33,74 14.79 34.91 25 14,75 34,92 14,40 35.28 50 14.40 35,35 15.20 35.80 75 15.10 35,80 14.10 35.62 100.... 14,05 35,63 14.05 35.72 150.... 13.90 35,70 13.13 35.56 200 13. 00 35,55 12.01 35.50 300...- 11.75 35.47 9.88 35,26 400...- 9,75 35,25 7.02 35.14 600-.. . 7,10 35,14 4.48 34.89 800 4,50 34,89 4.31 34.95 1,000.. 4,30 34,95 3.67 34.91 24.82 25,99 26,39 26,58 26,68 26,76 26,84 27. 02 27.20 27.53 27,66 27,73 Station 5239; June 15; latitude 41°16.5' N,, longitude 48°12' W.; depth 3,731 meters; dynamic height 971.012 0 25 51 76 101 152 203 304 424 649 855 1,066... 1,586... 14.09 32.92 0 14.09 32,92 4,33 33,40 25 4,33 33,40 5,10 34,07 50 5,00 34,04 7.32 34,62 75 7.25 34,60 8,00 34,88 100---. 8,00 34,88 6,29 34,76 150.-.. 6,35 34,76 4,81 34,69 200.... 4,85 34,69 6,10 35, 04 300---- 6,10 35,03 5,41 35,02 400-..- 5,55 35,02 4.58 35,00 600-.-- 4,75 35,00 4,04 34,93 800---- 4,15 34,95 3.51 34,87 1,000-- 3.60 34,88 3,60 34,94 24.57 26.60 26. 93 27,09 27,20 27,34 27.47 27.58 27.65 27.72 27.75 27.75 Station 5240; June 15; latitude 41°46' N., longitude 48°41' W.; depth 3,475 meters; dynamic height 971.085 0 23 47 70 93 140.... 186.--. 279.... 347 538.... 719 909-... 1,401.. 14.30 32.81 0 14.30 32.81 8.80 33.18 25 8.60 33.19 7.15 33.25 50 6.60 33.27 3.32 33. 51 75 3.60 33. 61 5.45 34.14 100---. 5.35 34.20 4.79 34.42 150-.-. 4.60 34.41 3.89 34.38 200..-. 4.00 34.45 5.29 34. 86 300...- 5.70 34.96 6.61 35. 15 400.-.. 6.10 35.09 4.67 34.95 600 4.35 34.93 4.08 34.92 800---. 4.15 34.93 4.18 34.96 1,000.. 4.05 34.95 3.47 34.88 24.45 25.78 26. 13 26. 75 27.02 27.27 27.37 27.58 27.63 27.71 27.73 27.76 Station 5241; June 16; latitude 42°13.5' N.; longitude 49°10' W.; depth 2,853 meters; dynamic height 971.025 0 23 46 70 93 139 185 278.... 352.... 544.... 722.... 913.... 1,410.. 10.08 32.66 0 10.08 32.66 2.60 32.90 25 2.50 32. 92 1.56 33.30 50 1.70 33. 39 3.47 33.86 75 3.60 33.95 4.32 34.26 100.... 4.70 34.36 7.47 .34. 96 150-- _- 7.20 34.93 6.13 34.82 200--.. 5.75 34.79 4.39 34.74 300.... 4.60 34.79 5.09 34.94 400...- 4.95 34.95 4.58 34.96 600.... 4.40 34.94 4.07 34.91 800---. 3.95 34.89 3.74 34.88 1,000. . 3.65 34.88 3.45 34.88 25.13 26.29 26.73 27.01 27.22 27.35 27.44 27.57 27.66 27.71 27.72 27.74 Station 5242; June 16; latitude 41°15' N., longitude 49°58' W.; depth 3,036 meters; dynamic height 971.242 0-... 25..- 48--. 73-.. 97- _- 146-- 195-- 292-- 362.. 507-- 624.- 773-- 1,160 19.66 35.35 0 19.66 35.35 17.29 35.50 25 17.29 35.50 16.20 35.58 50 16.15 35.59 15.32 35.76 75 15.20 35.76 14.18 35.65 100.--. 14.10 35.64 13.22 35.55 150...- 13,20 35.55 13.11 35.65 200. - - . 13. 00 35.65 10.13 35.40 300.-.. 10.00 35.37 8.83 35. 14 400.... 8.15 35. 10 6.24 35.00 600---. 4.90 34. 92 4.67 34.91 800.-.. 4.15 34.91 4.18 34.91 1,000-. 3.85 34.90 3.65 34.90 25.13 25.85 26.18 26.53 26.68 26.80 26.91 27.26 27.35 27.65 27.72 27.74 Station 5243; June 16; latitude 41°27' N., longitude 50°11' W.; depth 3,566 meters; dynamic height 971.161 0--.. 27-.- 53--- 80-.. 106.. 160- - 212.. 318.- 500- - 713.- 908- - 1,112 1,621 14.12 33.28 0 14.12 33.28 11.91 34.42 25 11.95 34.32 11.84 34.93 50 11.85 34.89 11.64 35, 13 75 11.70 35.12 11.07 35,05 100---. 11.20 35.06 11.33 35,27 150...- 11.30 35. 23 9.19 35,02 200---. 9.55 35.07 7.66 35,01 300... . 8.00 35. 01 4.46 34.86 400---- 6.25 34.95 4.59 34.96 600.... 4.50 34.91 4.13 34.95 800--.. 4.35 34.96 3.93 .34. 95 1,000.. 4.00 34.94 3.67 34.94 24.84 26.09 26.55 26.76 26.81 26.92 27.10 27.30 27.50 27.68 27.74 27.76 Station 5244; June 16; latitude 42°06' N., longitude 50°04' W.; depth 3,109 meters; dyanmic height 971.039 0-... 24--- 49--. 73--. 97--- 146- . 195.. 292-. 387.- 598.. 795.. 996.- 1,504 11.83 32,75 0 11.83 32.75 3.41 32.94 25 3.15 32.95 1.20 33.18 50 1.20 .33. 21 5.38 34.14 75 5.40 34.14 4.65 34.12 100. - - . 4.60 34.13 4.09 34.32 150.--. 4.05 34.33 3.50 34. 38 200..-. 3.50 34.39 3,90 34.68 300- - - . 4.00 34,70 5,10 34.98 400-.. . 5.10 34,98 4,52 34. 94 600-.. . 4.50 34.94 4.11 34.95 800.-.- 4.10 34.95 3.80 34.91 1,000.. 3.80 34.91 3.44 34.90 24.90 26.26 26. 63 26.97 27.05 27.27 27.37 27.57 27.66 27.70 27.76 27.76 Station 5245; June 16; latitude 42°34' N., longitude 49°58' W.; depth 1,920 meters; dynamic height 970.987 0-.-- 24.-- 48... 72--- 96... 144.. 192.- 288.- 394.- 607-- 804- - 1,011 1,533 10.51 33.06 0 10.51 33.06 5.93 33.10 25 5.70 33.10 3.03 33.34 50 2.90 33.36 2.11 33.73 75 2,10 33,75 2.01 34.03 100.... 2,00 34.06 2.:i9 34.33 150.--- 2,50 .34. 35 3.22 34.54 200.-.. 3,20 34.55 3.10 34.66 300. . . . 3,10 34.67 3.53 34.80 400-.. . 3,55 34.81 3.83 34.89 600- . . . 3,80 34.89 3.66 34.89 800... . 3.65 34.89 3.59 34.88 1,000-. 3.60 34.88 3.41 34.86 25.37 26.11 26.61 26.98 27.24 27.43 27.53 27.64 27.70 27.74 27.75 27.75 122 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1953— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo station 5246; June 17; latitude 42°54' N., longitude 49°54' W.; depth 448 meters; dynamic height 971.044 0 8.32 32.50 0 8.32 32.50 25.28 25 3.64 33.01 25 3.64 33.01 26.26 50 0.74 33.50 50 0.74 33.50 26.88 75 3.85 34.13 75 3.85 34.13 27.13 100 7.64 34.74 100...- 7.64 34.74 27.14 150 6.18 34.66 150.. _. 6.18 34.66 27.28 199 6.36 34.76 200.... 6.35 34.76 27.34 299 4.22 34.63 300.... 4.20 34.63 27.49 Station 5247: June 17; latitude 43°05' N., longitude 49°52' W.; depth 75 meters; dynamic height 971.063 25.07 26.06 26.74 26.98 Station 5248; June 17; latitude 43°30' N., longitude 49°47' W.; depth 55 meters; dynamic height 971.072 0 9.38 32.44 0 9.38 32.44 26 5.39 33.04 25 5.40 32.99 51 7.48 34.32 50 7.45 34.20 77 5.31 34.17 75 5.50 34.18 0 9.01 32.42 0 9.01 32.42 25.12 26 3.80 32.67 25 4.10 32.66 25.94 47 1.57 33.07 50 1.45 33.12 26.53 Station 5249; July 11; latitude 50°00' N., longitude 48°55' W.; depth 1,920 meters; dynamic height 970.844. 0..-- 25... 50..- 75.-- 100-- 150-- 199.- 299-- 405.- 624.. 828.. 1,038 1,567 7.29 33.91 0 7.29 33.91 4.74 33.92 25 4.74 33.92 3.18 34.34 50 3.18 34.34 2.85 34.60 75 2.85 34.60 3.02 34.69 100.-.. 3.02 34.69 3.25 34.80 150.--- 3.25 34.80 3.45 34.84 200---. 3.45 34.84 3.41 34.86 300---- 3.40 34. 86 3.42 34.86 400--.. 3.40 34.86 3.32 34.86 600-.-- 3.30 34.86 3.28 34.87 800...- 3.30 34.87 3.24 34.88 1,000-. 3.25 34.88 3.32 34.90 26.55 26.87 27.36 27.60 27.66 27.72 27.73 27.76 27.76 27.77 27.78 27.78 Station 5250; July 11; latitude 49°48' N., longitude 49°30' W.; depth 1,371 meters; dynamic height 970.876. 25.92 26.95 27.32 27.41 27.49 27.61 27.67 27.72 27.75 27.77 27.77 27.77 0 6.25 32.95 0 6.25 32.95 25 2.87 33.79 25 2.87 33.79 50 0.79 84.06 50 0.79 34.06 75 1.26 34.20 75 1.26 34.20 99 1.68 34.35 100..-- 1.70 34.35 149 2.40 34.56 150-..- 2.40 34. 56 199 2.84 34.69 200..-- 2.85 34.69 298 3.24 34.80 300.... 3.25 34.80 383 3.22 34.82 400.... 3.20 34.82 580 3.33 34.86 600.-.- 3.30 34. 8f 780 3.25 34.86 800---. 3.2J 34. 8f 979 3.25 34.86 1,000-- 3.25 34.86 1,210... 3.26 34.87 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera, ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, station 5251; July 11; latitude 49°41.5' N., longitude 49° 59' W.; depth 659 meters; dynamic height 970.951. 0.. 23. 46. 68- 91- 137 183 274 327 520 5.83 32.76 0 5.83 32.76 3.89 32.86 25 3.65 32.92 1.36 33.54 50 1.10 33.58 -0.13 33.75 75 0.00 33.80 0.36 33.92 100---- 0..50 33.97 1.14 34.16 150.... 1..35 34.22 1.78 34.36 200-.-- 2.00 34. 43 2.76 34.66 300---- 2.90 34.70 3.00 34.74 400---- 3.15 34.78 3.23 34.82 (600).-. 3.25 34.84 25.83 26.19 26.91 27.16 27.27 27.42 27.53 27.68 27.71 27.75 Station 5252; July 11-12; latitude 49°30.5' N., longi- tude 50°28' W.; depth 329 meters; dynamic height 970.989. 25.72 26.21 26.77 26.92 27.07 27.25 27.40 27.63 Station 5253; July 12; latitude 49°19.5' N., longitude 50°58' W.; depth 327 meters; dynamic height 971.018. 0 6.81 32.78 0 6.81 32.78 24 2.93 32.83 25 2.80 32.84 47 -1.24 33.24 50 -1.25 33.26 71 -1.09 33.41 75 -1.00 33.45 94 -0.50 33.63 100-..- -0.35 33.68 141 0.72 33.94 150-.. . 0.85 33.98 189 1.21 34.16 200-.-- 1.35 34.20 283 2.27 34.52 (300).. 2.40 34.59 c. 25. 50. 75. 100 150 199 299 7.15 4.45 1.81 -1.16 -0.79 0.35 1.20 2.46 32.73 32.74 32.86 33.29 33.52 33.90 34.19 34.52 0 25 50 75 100..-- 150.--- 200.--- 300...- 7.15 4.45 1.81 -1.16 -0.79 0.35 1.25 2.50 32.73 32.74 32.86 33.29 33. 52 33.90 34.19 34.52 25.64 25.97 26.29 26.79 26.97 27.22 27.40 27.67 Station 5254; July 12; latitude 49°11' N., longitude 51°22' W.; depth 333 meters; dynamic height 971.042. 0-- 25- 50- 75- 99- 149 199 7.16 4.63 1.81 -1.23 -0.92 0.12 0.87 2.10 32.51 32.72 32. 85 33.21 33.41 33.74 34.02 34.45 0 25 50 75 100-.-- 150 200-.-- 300.... 7.16 4.63 1.81 -1.23 -0.90 0.15 0.90 2.15 32.51 32.72 32.85 33.21 33.42 33.75 34.02 34.46 25.46 25.93 26.28 26.73 26.90 27.11 27.29 27.55 Station 5255; July 12; latitude 49°06' N., longitude 51°42' W.; depth 274 meters; dynamic height 971.078. 0 8.28 32.31 0 8.28 32.31 25 1.96 32.39 25 1.96 32.39 50 -1.41 32.89 50 -1.41 32.89 75 -1.62 33.06 75 -1.62 33. 06 100 -1.50 33.16 100.... -1.50 33.16 151 -1.01 33.36 150...- -1.00 33.36 201 -0.37 33.61 200.... -0.40 33.61 256 1.69 34.27 25.15 25.91 26.47 26.62 26.69 26.84 27.03 123 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1953— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- Station 5256; July 12; latitude 49°04' N., longitude 51°56' W.; depth 298 meters; dynamic height 971.094, 0 8.61 32.18 0 8.61 32.18 24.99 24 3.14 32.48 25 2.75 32.50 25.93 48 -1.04 32.94 50 -1.15 32.96 26.52 71 -1.64 33.06 75 -1.65 33.07 26.63 95 -1.64 33.11 100... _ -1.65 33.12 26.67 143 -1.54 33.21 150..-. -1.50 33.23 26.75 190 -0.98 33.44 200...- -0.75 33.50 26.95 271 1.27 34.15 Station 5257; July 12; latitude 48°58.5' N., longitude 52°13' W.; depth 292 meters; dynamic height 971.091. 0 8.83 32.27 0 8.83 32.27 25.03 25 4.03 32.41 25 4.03 32.41 25.75 49 -0.12 32.82 50 -0.15 32.83 26.39 74 -1.65 33.07 75 -1.65 33.07 26.63 99. -1.60 33.14 100... . -1.60 33.14 26.68 148 -1.22 33.33 150.... -1.20 33.33 26.83 197 -0.67 33.58 200.... -0.60 33.59 27.01 266 1.45 34.22 Station 5258; July 12; latitude 48°54' N., longitude 52°34' W.; depth 224 meters; dynamic height 971.112. 0... 25.. 50.- 74.. 99.- 149. 198. 9.78 3.91 1.88 -1.08 -1.53 -1.19 -1.03 32.18 32.53 32.67 32.97 33.14 33.32 33.37 0 25-..- 50...- 75--.. 100... 150.-- 200.-. 9.78 3.91 1.88 -1.15 -1.55 -1.20 -1.00 32.18 32.53 32.67 32.98 33.15 33.32 33.37 24.80 25.86 26.14 26.54 26.69 26.82 26.85 Station 5259; July 12; latitude 48° 46' N., longitude 52°45' W.; depth 169 meters; dynamic height 971.132. 25.78 26.25 26.55 26.65 26.67 Station 5260; July 12; latitude 48°43.5' N., longitude 52°57' W.; depth 100 meters; dynamic height 971.150 0 11.33 31.36 0 11.33 31.36 25- 3.76 32.42 25 3.76 32.42 49 0.54 32.70 50 0.45 32.70 74 -1.48 32.97 75 -1.50 32.98 99 -1.61 33.10 100 -1.60 33.10 148 -1.60 33.12 150..-. -1.60 33.12 0 12.09 31.09 0 12.09 31.09 23.57 27 1.90 32.35 25 2.65 32.26 25.75 53 0.11 32.60 60 0.25 32.58 26.17 80 -1.09 32.79 75 -0.90 32.75 26.35 (100).- -1.60 32.91 26.50 Station 5261; July 12; latitude 48°37' N., longitude 52°43' W.; depth 272 meters; dynamic height 971.131 0 24 48 72 96 145-.. 193—. 10.76 3.49 -0.73 -1.40 -1.61 -1.63 -1.58 31.50 32.34 32.74 32.92 33.02 33.08 33.11 0- — 25— 50-. - 75... 100- . 150.. 200.. 10.76 3.20 -0.85 -1.45 -1.60 -1.65 -1.55 31.50 32.35 32.75 32.94 33.03 33.09 33.11 24.12 25.78 26.34 26.52 26.59 26.64 26.66 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. SaUn- ity, °loo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 5262; July 12; latitude 48°32' N., longitude 52°34' W.; depth 222 meters; dynamic height 971.108 0 10.27 31.48 0 10.27 31.48 24.19 23 3.77 32.45 25 3.40 32.50 25.87 46 0.26 32.84 50 -0.10 32.87 26.41 69 -1.28 32.96 75 -1.50 32.99 26.56 92 -1.67 33.06 100---. -1.65 33.08 26.63 138 -1.62 33.14 150.--- -1.55 33.18 26.71 183 -1.28 33.31 200---- -1.05 33.40 26.88 211 -0.85 33.46 Station 5263; July 12-13; latitude 48°20' N., longitude 52°06' W.; depth 187 meters; dynamic height 971.101 0_- 24 _ 48. 72. 96. 144 9.81 6.05 0.95 -1.33 -1.57 -0.77 31.62 32.00 32.79 33.10 33.19 33.42 0 25 50 75 100---- 150 9.81 5.90 0.70 -1.40 -1.55 -0.65 31.62 32.03 32.82 33.11 33.21 33.45 24.37 25.25 26.33 26.65 26.74 26.91 Station 5264; July 13; latitude 48°16' N., longitude 51° 55' W.; depth 201 meters; dynamic height 971.096 24.34 25.62 26.58 26.63 26.67 26.80 0 10.28 31.68 0 10.28 31.68 25 3.97 32.25 25 3.97 32.25 49 -1.45 33.01 50 -1.45 33.01 74 -1.59 33.08 75 -1.60 33.08 99 -1.63 33.13 100.... -1.65 33.13 148 -1.25 33.30 150.-.. -1.20 33.30 Station 5265; July 13; latitude 48°07' N., longitude 51°32' W.; depth 192 meters; dynamic height 971.092 0 10.00 31.87 0 10.00 31.87 24.54 25 5.76 32.06 25 5.76 32.06 25.29 50 -0.74 32.97 50 -0.74 32.97 26.52 75 -1.61 33.16 75 -1.61 33.16 26.70 101 -1.46 33.17 100.--- -1.45 33.17 26.70 151 -0.35 33.59 150— -0.35 33.58 26.99 Station 5266; July 13; latitude 47°58' N., longitude 51°09' W.; depth 167 meters; dynamic height 971.045 0 -- 9.68 32.01 0 9.68 32.01 24.70 21 5.69 32.28 25 4.40 32. 41 25.72 41 0.32 32.90 50 -0.95 33.06 26.60 62- -1.41 33.19 75 -1.30 33.27 26.78 82 -1.13 33.31 100-.-- -0.55 33. 47 26.92 119 0.07 33.68 (150).. 1.15 34.05 27.29 Station 5267; July 13; latitude 47°51' N., longitude 51°00' W.; depth 121 meters; dynamic height 971.060 0_..- 25... 50... 76... 101.. 9.56 5.43 -0.43 -1.61 -1.23 31.94 32.26 33.00 33.19 33.34 0.. 25. 50. 75- 100 9.56 5.43 -0.43 -1.60 -1.25 31.94 32.26 33.00 33.19 33.34 24.66 25.48 26.54 26.72 26.84 124 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1953— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, Station 5268; July 13; latitude 47°43' N., longitude 50°42' W.; depth 117 meters; dynamic height— 971.057 0 10.09 31.87 0- 10.09 31.87 24.52 25 3.63 32.21 25 3.63 32.21 25. 63 49 -0.46 32.90 50 -0.50 32.91 26.46 74 -1.12 33.18 75 .... -1.10 33.19 26.71 98 -0.35 33.50 100.... -0.25 33.54 26.96 Station 5269; July 13; latitude 47°34' N., longitude 50°23' VV.; depth 114 meters; dynamic height 971.074 24.26 25.54 26.38 26. 03 23.82 Station 5270; July 13; latitude 47°24' N., longitude 49° 58' W.; depth 93 meters; dynamic height 971.092 0 10.69 31.66 0 10.69 31.66 25 4.68 32.24 25 4.68 32.24 50 -0. 73 32.79 50 -0.73 32.79 76 -0.89 33.11 75 -0.90 33.10 101 -0.55 33.36 100.... -0.55 33.35 0 10.87 31.80 0 10.87 31.80 24.33 25 6.16 32.09 25 6.16 32.09 25. 26 50 2.76 32.46 50 2.76 32.46 25.90 75 -0.06 32.94 75 -0.06 32.94 26.47 Station 5271; July 13; latitude 47°45' N., longitude 49°48' W.; depth 115 meters; dynamic height 971.057 0 10.08 32.02 0 10.08 32.02 24.64 25. 4.20 32.26 25 4.20, 32.26 25.61 60 -0.15 32.83 50 -0.15 32.83 26.39 75 -0.42 33.28 75 -0.42 33.23 26. 76 100 -0.28 33.42 100.... -0.28 33.42 26.87 Station 5272; July 13; latitude 47°57.5' N., longitude 49°42' W.; depth 169 meters; dynamic height 971.055 0.-.. 25... 50... 75... 101.. 151.. 9.76 32.10 0 9.76 32.10 3.77 32.44 25 3.77 32.44 0.S3 32.86 50 0.83 32.86 -1.08 33.18 75 -1.08 33.18 -1.15 33.36 100.... -1.15 33.36 0.33 33.80 150.-.. 0.30 33.79 24.75 25.80 26.36 28.70 26.85 27.13 Station 5273; July 13; latitude 48°12' N., longitude 49°36' W.; depth 220 meters; dynamic height 971.060 0 9.09 32.25 0. 9.09 32.25 24.97 25 3.43 32.58 25 3.43 32.58 25.94 50_ -1.47 33.01 50 -1.47 33.01 26.58 75_ -1.62 33.14 75 -1.62 33.14 26.68 100 -1.31 33.27 100.-.. -1.31 33.27 26.78 151-.... -0.74 33.51 150---. -0.75 33.51 26.96 201 0.16 33.78 200..-- 0.15 33.78 27.13 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera, ture, ° C. Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo station 5274; July 13-14; latitude 48°29.5' N., longi- tude 49°25' W.; depth 622 meters; dynamic height 971.013 0-- 25.- 50.- 75.- 100. 150- 201, 301- 393- 597- 7.66 32.75 4.32 32.80 0.98 33.08 -0.26 33.38 0.06 33.62 0.29 33.90 1.00 34.12 2.48 34.58 3.16 34.74 3.36 34.84 0 25 50 75 100.... 150.... 200.... 300---. 400-.. . 600.... 7.66 4.32 0.98 -0.26 0.06 0.29 1.00 2.50 3.15 3.35 32.75 32.80 33.08 33.38 33.62 33.90 34.12 34.58 34.75 34.84 25.58 26.04 26.53 26.83 27.02 27.22 27.35 27.61 27.69 27. 74 Station 5275; July 14; latitude 48°37' N., longitude 49°27' W.; depth 1,079 meters; dynamic height 971.003 0 25 50 75. 100 150 200 300 424 644 846 998 8.22 32.70 0 8.22 32.70 3.92 32.78 25 3.92 32.78 -1.52 33.13 50 -1.52 33.13 -1.31 33.29 75 -1.31 33.29 -0.77 33.52 100.... -0.77 33. 52 0.79 34.02 150.... 0.79 34.02 1.68 34.31 200... . 1.68 34.31 2.45 34.58 300.... 2.45 34.58 3.03 34.76 400.... 2.95 34.73 3.37 34.85 600.... 3.35 34.84 3.35 34. 875 800... . 3.35 34.87 3.28 34.87 1,000.. 3.30 34.87 25.45 26.06 26.67 26.79 26.97 27.29 27.46 27. 61 27.69 27.74 27.77 27.78 Station 5276; July 14; latitude 49°04.5' N., longitude 49°15' W.; depth 1,646 meters; dynamic height 970.915 0 25 51 76 101 152 203 304 395 595 794 996 1,503... 6.98 32.84 0 6.98 32.84 -0.51 33.40 25 -0.51 33.40 -0.10 33.74 50 -0.10 33.74 0.89 34.03 75 0.85 34.03 1.60 34.29 100--.. 1.55 34.28 2.16 34.46 150-.. . 2.15 34.45 2.59 34.62 200.... 2.55 34.61 3.12 34.76 300.-.. 3.10 34.76 3.32 34.80 400-.. . 3.30 34.80 3.31 34.82 600-... 3.30 34.82 3.31 34, 80 800.... 3.30 34.82 3.28 34. 825 1,000-- 3.30 34 83 3.29 34.83 25. 74 26.86 27.11 27.29 27.44 27.54 27.64 27.71 27.72 27.74 27.74 27. 74 Station 5277; July 14; latitude 49°33' N., longitude 49°11' W.; depth 1,609 meters; dynamic height 970.876 0- 25 51 76. 101 152 203 304 416 642 853 1,066... 1,600... 8.00 33.58 0 8.00 33.58 3.73 33.91 25 3.73 33.91 2.72 34.32 50 2.70 34.31 2.68 34.54 75 2.70 34.53 2.82 34.64 100... . 2.80 34.64 3.19 34.74 150.... 3.20 34.74 3.21 34.78 200.-.. 3.20 34.78 3.29 34.80 300.... 3.30 34.80 3.34 34.82 400---- 3.35 34.82 3.36 34.82 600---. 3.35 34. 82 3.27 34. 85 800---- 3.30 34.83 3.23 34.83 1,000-- 3.25 34.83 3.29 34.84 26.18 26. 9& 27. 38 27. 55. 27.63 27.68 27.71 27.72: 27. 73. 27.73. 27.74- 27.74 303589—55- -10 125 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1953— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oO Station 5278; July 14; latitude 49°59' N., longitude 48°58' W.; depth 1,829 meters; dynamic height 970.866 0-- 9.07 33.70 0 9.07 33.70 26.10 25- 6.21 33.99 25 6.21 33.99 26.75 50 3.39 34.37 50 3.39 34.37 27.37 75 - 2.90 34.65 75 2.90 34.65 27.64 100 3.08 34.74 100-..- 3.08 34.74 27.69 150 3.25 34.79 150---. 3.25 34.79 27.71 201 3.33 200..-- 3.35 34.82 27.73 301 3.42 34,84 300 3.40 34.84 27.74 406 3.39 34.83 400.--. 3.40 34.84 27.74 625 3.27 34.84 600 3.30 34.84 27.75 830 3.28 34.83 800...- 3.30 34.84 27. 75 1,041.-. 3.25 34. 835 1,000-. 3.25 34.84 27.75 1,570... 3.31 34.83 Station 5279; July 16; latitude 53°43' N., longitude 55°48' W.; depth 112 meters; dynamic height 1454.972 0 9.19 26.33 0 9.19 26.33 20.35 26- 0.63 32.07 25 0.95 31.85 25.54 51 -0.25 32.37 50 -0.20 32.36 26.01 77 - -0.81 32.50 75 -0.80 32.49 26.13 97 -1.00 32.55 100..-- -1.00 32.55 26.20 Station 5280; July 16; latitude 53°49.5 N., longitude 55°32' W.; depth 218 meters; dynamic height 1454.881 0 - 7.12 30.99 0 7.12 30.99 24.26 26 1.27 32.34 25 1.50 32.29 25.85 52 -1.12 32.71 50 -1.10 32.70 26.31 78 -1.19 32.90 75 -1.20 32.88 26.46 104 -1.20 33.02 100-..- -1.20 33.00 26.56 156 -1.14 33.26 150 -1.15 33.23 26.74 198 -0.79 33.56 200..-- -0.75 33.57 27.01 Station 5281; July 16; latitude 53°53' N., longitude 55°26' W.; depth 181 meters; dynamic height 1454.862 0 7.12 31.08 0 7.12 31.08 24.34 25 0.57 32.33 25 0.57 32.33 25.94 51- -0.92 32.70 50 -0.95 32.69 26.30 76 -1.17 32.91 75 -1.15 32.91 26.48 101 -1.14 33.10 100.--- -1.15 33.10 26.64 152 -0.83 33.56 150-.. . -0.85 33.54 26.98 Station 5282; July 16; latitude 54°03' N., longitude 55°04' W.; depth 161 meters; dynamic height 1454.842 0 5.96 31.95 0 5.96 31. 95 25.17 26 1.03 32.44 25 1.25 32.42 25.98 51 -1.21 32.88 50 -1.20 32.86 26.45 77 -1.15 33.04 75 -1.15 33.03 26. 58 103 -1.14 33.22 100 -1.15 33.20 26.72 144 -1.00 33.46 150 -1.00 33.49 26.95 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo station 5283; July 16; latitude 54°14' N., longitude 54°.56' W.; depth 174 meters; dynamic height 1454.850 0- 5.99 32.04 0 5.99 32. C4 25.24 25 2.68 32.18 25 2.68 32.18 25.68 51 -0.56 32.82 50 -0.50 32.81 26.39 76 -1.17 32.99 75 -1.15 32.98 26.54 101 -1.15 33.19 100...- -1.15 33.19 26.71 152 -0.88 33.52 150 -0.90 33.51 26.97 Station 5284; July 16; latitude 54°31' N., longitude 54°24' W.; depth 225 meters; dynamic height 1454.810 0 - 4.98 31.88 0 4.98 31.88 25.23 25 -0.69 32.72 25 -0.69 32.72 26.32 50 -1.00 33.03 50 -1.00 33.03 26.57 76 -1.06 33.21 75 -1.05 33.21 26.73 101 -1.00 33.42 100--.. -1.00 33.42 26.90 151 -0.44 33.70 150..-. -0.45 33.70 27.10 202 0.17 33.92 200.... 0.15 33.91 27.24 station 5285; July 16; latitude 54°48' N., longitude 53°54' W.; depth 327 meters; dynamic height 1454.730 0-- 4.72 31.61 0 4.72 31.61 25.04 25 0.67 33.24 25 0.67 33.24 26.67 50 0.03 33.73 50 0.03 33.73 27.10 75. 0.48 33.96 75 0.48 33.96 27.26 101 0.76 34.04 100 0.75 34.04 27.31 151 2.05 34.40 150.— 2.05 34.40 27.51 201 2.29 34.49 200-... 2.30 34.49 27.56 302 3.10 34.72 300...- 3.10 34.72 27.68 Station 5286; July 16; latitude 54°53' N., longitude 53°40' W.; depth 631 meters; dynamic height 1454.702 0.- 4.27 32.44 0 4.27 32.44 25 0.53 33.77 25 0.53 33.77 50 0.87 33.97 50 0.87 33.97 75 1.66 34.18 75 1.66 34.18 100 1.84 34.28 100 1.84 34.28 150 2.85 34.48 150 2.85 34.48 201 3.02 34.60 200-..- 3.00 34.60 301 3.25 34.72 300--.. 3.25 34.72 393 3.35 34.77 400..-- 3.35 34.77 595 3.39 34.80 600-..- 3.40 34.80 25.75 27.11 27.25 27.36 27.42 27.50 27.59 27.66 27.69 27.71 Station 5287; July 16; latitude 54°59' N., longitude 53°26' W.; depth 1,582 meters; dynamic height 1454.625 0-.-. 25-.. 51.-- 76..- 102.. 153.- 204 _. 306.. 369 590 798..- 1,010.- 1,542-. 5.30 5.83 4.34 3.29 3.31 3.42 3.45 3.51 3.47 3.39 3.34 3.32 3.29 33.92 34.37 34.55 34.61 34.67 34.75 34.80 34.85 34.86 34.86 34.86 34.86 34.86 0-.- 25... 50... 75.-. 100-- 150-- 200- - 300.. 400- . 600- . 800.- 1,000 1,500 5.30 5.83 4.40 3.30 3.30 3,40 3.45 3.50 3.45 3.40 3.35 3.30 3.30 33.92 34.37 34.55 34.61 34.66 34.74 34.79 34.85 34.86 34.86 34.86 34.86 34.86 26.81 27.10 27.41 27.57 27.61 27.66 27.69 27.74 27.75 27.76 27.76 27.77 27.77 126 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1953— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, "C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 5288; July 16; latitude 55°04' N., longitude 53°17' W.; depth 2,195 meters; dynamic height 1454.607 0 7.58 34.38 0 7.58 34.38 26.86 25 5.54 34.56 25 5.54 34. 56 27.28 50 3.88 34.72 50 3.88 34.72 27.60 74 3.62 34.74 75 3.60 34.74 27.64 99 3.53 34.80 100..-. 3.55 34.80 27.69 149 3.63 34.84 150.... 3.65 34. 84 27.71 198 3.58 34.85 200.... 3.60 34.85 27.73 297 3.49 34.86 300.... 3.50 34.86 27.75 382 3.44 34.85 400.... 3.45 34.86 27.75 597 3.37 34.86 600.... 3.35 34.86 27.76 812 3.36 34.86 800... . 3.35 34.86 27.76 1,031... 3.34 1,000.. 3.35 34.86 27.76 1,495... 3.31 34.88 1,500.. 3.30 34.88 27.78 1,963... 3.09 34.87 2,000.. 3.10 34.87 27.80 Station 5289; July 17; latitude 55°12.5' N., longitude 52°56' W.; depth 2,926 meters; dynamic height 1454.606 0 7.87 34.50 0 7.87 34.50 26.92 25 6.49 34.64 25 6.49 34.64 27.22 50. 4.57 34.71 50 4.57 34.71 27.51 75 3.68 34.76 75 3.68 34.76 27.65 99 3.57 34.79 100.... 3.55 34.79 27.68 149 3.44 34.82 150 3.45 34.82 27.72 199 3.46 34.84 200 3.50 34.84 27.73 298 3.46 34.86 300.... 3.45 34.86 27.75 397 3.44 34.86 400 3.45 34.86 27.75 621 3.34 34.86 600-... 3.35 34.86 27.76 859 3.33 34.88 800.... 3.35 34.88 27.77 1,074... 3.33 34.88 1,000.. 3.35 34.88 27.77 1,551... 3.35 34.88 1,500.. 3.35 34.88 27.77 2,029... 3.18 34.91 2,000.. 3.20 34.91 27.82 2,431... 2.78 34.90 2,500.. 2.65 34.90 27.86 2,730... 2.01 34.88 Station 5290; July 17; latitude 55°26' N., longitude I 52°30' W.; depth 3,182 meters; dynamic height 1454.611 0 27-... 53-.- 80.— 106... 161... 214... 320... 308-.. 497-. 706... 940... 1,374. 1,836- 1,706. 2,136. 2,537. 7.69 34.22 0 7.69 34.22 6.08 34.32 25 6.20 34.31 3.54 34.56 50 3.75 34.53 3.19 34.68 75 3.25 34.66 3.18 34.74 100.-.. 3.20 34.73 3.35 34.81 150---- 3.30 34.80 3.26 34.82 200.-- 3.30 34.82 3.29 34.83 300---. 3.35 34.84 3.42 34.86 400.-- 3.35 34.86 3.36 34.86 600.... 3.30 34.86 3.24 34.86 800...- 3.25 34.86 3.25 34.86 1,000.. 3.25 34.86 3.23 34.86 1,500.. 3.25 34.86 3.36 2,000.. 3.25 34.90 3.23 34.86 2,500.. 2.90 34.90 3.25 34.91 (3,000) 1.60 34.86 2.82 34.90 26.73 27.00 27.45 27.61 27.67 27.72 27.74 27.74 27.76 27.77 27.77 27.77 27.77 27.80 27.84 27.91 Observed values Depth, meters '.Tem- pera, ture, °C. Salin- ity, loo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo station 5291; July 17-18; latitude 55°58' N., longitude 51°52' W.; depth 3,365 meters; dynamic height 1454.621 0 7.74 34.32 0 7.74 34.32 26.80 27 7.73 34.32 25 7.75 34.32 26.80 53 4.13 34.52 50 4.45 34.50 27.36 80 3.57 34.60 75 3.65 34.59 27.51 106 3.44 34.68 100-..- 3.45 34.67 27.60 160 3.10 34.72 150-.-- 3.10 34.71 27.67 214 3.21 34.80 200.... 3.20 34.78 27.71 320 3.28 34.83 300.... 3.30 34.82 27.74 490 3.30 34.86 400.... 3.30 34.85 27.76 776 3.27 34.86 600...- 3.30 34.86 27.77 1,080... 3.27 34.87 800.... 3.25 34.86 27.77 1,310... 3.27 34.87 1,000.. 3.25 34.87 27.78 1,789... 3.31 34.88 1,500.- 3.30 34.88 27.78 2,270... 3.25 34.91 2,000-- 3.30 34.90 27.80 2,354... 3.21 34.91 2,500-. 3.10 34.91 27.83 2,979... 2.58 34.89 3,000.. 2.55 34.89 27.86 3,264... 1.92 34.86 Station 5292; July 18; latitude 56°29' N., longitude 50°42' W.; depth 3,548 meters; dynamic height 1454.655 0 7.21 34.36 0 7.21 34.36 26.91 23 7.22 34. 38 25 7.20 34.38 26.92 45 7.22 34.39 50 7.00 34.40 26.97 68 5.78 34. 52 75 5.25 34.58 27.33 90 4.44 34.68 100.... 4.15 34.68 27.53 135 3.59 34.67 150 3.50 34.68 27.60 181 3.44 34.72 200.... 3.45 34.74 27.65 271 3.43 34.80 300.... 3.40 34.81 27.72 381 3.38 34.84 400.... 3.40 34.84 27.74 598 3.39 34.85 600 3.40 34.85 27.75 819 3.31 34.86 800-... 3.30 34.86 27.77 1,042... 3.28 34.86 1,000.. 3.30 34.86 27.77 1,511... 3.25 34.86 1,500.. 3.25 34.86 27.77 1,987... 3.38 34.89 2,000.. 3.40 34.89 27.78 2,536... 3.17 34.91 2,500.. 3.20 34.91 27.82 3,012... 2.77 34.92 3,000.. 2.80 34.92 27.86 3,450... 1.99 34.87 (3,500) 1.85 34.86 27.89 Station 5293; July 19; latitude 56°57.5' N., longitude 49°33' W.; depth 3,603 meters; dynamic height 1454.650 0 7.00 34.44 0 7.00 34.44 27.00 25 7.01 34.44 25 7.01 34.44 27.00 50 6.48 34.49 50 6.48 34.49 27.10 75- 3.90 34.66 75 3.90 34.66 27.55 100 3.60 34.67 100-.. 3.60 34.67 27.59 148 3.31 34.74 150 3.30 34.74 27.67 198 3.35 34.78 200.... 3.40 34.78 27.69 298 3.60 34.86 300--.. 3.60 34.86 27.74 2,436... 3.17 34.88 400---- 3.60 34.86 27. 74 2,859... 2.83 34.89 600---. 3.40 34. 835 27.74 3,325... 2.28 34.88 800---- 3.30 34.83 27.74 1,000.. 3.25 34.835 27.75 1,500-. 3.25 34.85 27.76 2,000.. 3.20 34.87 27.79 2,500.. 3.15 .■^4. 88 27.79 3,000.. 2.70 34.91 27. 86 (3,500) 1.95 34.86 27.89 127 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1953— Continued Observed values Depth, meters pera- ture ° C. ity. Scaled valueles Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 5294; July 19; latitude 57°30' N., longitude 48°23' W.; depth 3,402 meters; dynamic height 1454.642 0 6.50 34.60 0 6.50 34.60 27.19 24 6.33 34.60 25 6.30 34.60 27.22 47 6.30 34.60 50 6.30 34.60 27.22 71 - 5.18 34.67 75 4.90 34.68 27.45 94 3.81 34.72 100.... 3.80 34.73 27.61 142 3.73 34.78 150... . 3.75 34.78 27.65 189 3.81 200.... 3.80 34.80 27.67 283 3.48 34.82 300___. 3.50 34.83 27.72 321 3.50 34.84 400.... 3.45 34.84 27.73 499 3.35 34.84 600.... 3.65 34.86 27. 73 685 3.81 34.87 800- _.. 3.45 34.84 27.73 874 3.27 34.83 1,000-- 3.25 34. 83 27.74 1,328... 3.23 34.83 1,500.- 3.25 34.84 27.75 1,837... 3.27 34.86 2,000.- 3.30 34.88 27.78 1,922... 3.41 34.89 2,500.. 3.05 34.90 27.82 2,363... 3.13 34.90 (3,000) 2.60 34.90 27.86 2,770... 2.86 34.91 Station 5295; July 19; latitude 58°05' N., longitude 47°14' W.; depth 3,237 meters; dynamic height 1454.634 0-. 6.61 34.57 0 6.61 34.57 27.16 27 6.30 34.56 25 6. .30 34.56 27.19 53 5.05 34.74 50 5.20 34.73 27.45 80 4.38 34. 77 75 4.45 34.76 27.57 106 3.93 34.80 100-.. . 4.00 34.79 27.64 160 4.01 34.84 150.... 4.00 34.83 27.67 213 4.08 34.86 200 4.10 34.85 27.68 319 3.78 34.86 300.... 3.85 34.86 2V. 71 423 3.60 34.87 400--.. 3.60 34.87 27.75 647 3.50 34. 855 600 3.50 34.86 27. 76 875 3.39 34. 845 800... 3.40 34.85 2V. V5 1,103... 3.32 34.84 1,000.. 3.35 34.845127.75 1,582... 3.41 34.87 1,500.. 3.40 34.86 27. 76 2,060... 3.22 34. 905 2,000.- 3.25 34.90 27. 80 2,615... 2.76 34.90 2,500.. 2.90 34.90 27.84 3,063... 1.66 34.86 3,000-. 1.90 34.87 27.90 Observed values Station 5296; July 20; latitude 58°39' N., longitude 46°12' W.; depth 2,698 meters; dynamic height 1454.626 0 7.03 34.55 0 7.03 34.55 25- 6.72 34.58 25 6.72 34.58 50 5.88 34.66 50 5.88 34.66 75 4.85 34.75 75 4.85 34.75 100 3.81 34.76 100.... 3.81 34.76 150 3.68 34.74 150 3.68 34.75 200 3.84 34.86 200--.. 3.84 34.86 300 3.58 34.86 300..-. 3.58 34.86 400 3.44 34.85 400 3.44 34.85 625 3.40 34.86 600-.. . 3.40 34.86 854 3.38 800--.. 3.35 34.86 1,080... 3.41 34.87 1,000-- 3.40 34.87 1,581... 3.41 34.88 1,500-- 3.40 34.88 2,038... 2.92 34.87 2,000-. 3.00 34.87 2,517... 2.27 34.88 2,500.. 2.30 34.88 27.08 27.15 27.32 27.52 27.64 27.64 27.71 27.74 27.74 27.76 27.76 27.77 27.77 27.81 27.87 Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture ° C. Salin- ity, °/oO Scaled values Depth, meters ^turt '7 station 5297; July 20; latitude 58°59.5' N., longitude 45°31' W.; depth 2,469 meters; dynamic height 1454.646 0 25 50 76 101 151 201 302 403 560 704 855 1,294... 1,753... 2,238... 7.20 6.91 6.48 5.31 5.12 5.04 4.63 4.39 4.18 3.90 3.59 3.52 3.36 3.22 2.57 34.75 34.73 34.83 34.86 34. 925 34. 925 34.91 34.90 34.90 34.86 34. 865 34.87 34.86 34.89 34. 885 0 25.... 50.... 75.... 100... 150... 200... 300.. 400.. 600.. 800.. 1,000 1,500 2,000 7.20 6.91 6.48 5.30 5.15 5.05 4.65 4.40 4.20 3.80 3.50 3.45 3.30 3.00 34.75 34. 73 34.83 34.86 34.92 34.92 34.91 34.90 34.90 34.86 34.87 34.87 34.88 34.89 27.21 27.24 27.37 27.55 27.62 27.63 27.67 27.68 27.71 27.72 27.76 27.76 27.78 27.82 station 5298; July 20; latitude 59°13' N., longitude 44°58' W.; depth 1,975 meters; dynamic height 1454.733 0 5.57 34.30 0 5.57 34.30 19 5.55 34.37 25 5.55 34.40 37 5.62 34.48 50 5.85 34.65 56 5.96 34.73 75 5.10 34.68 74 5.15 34.68 100.... 5.00 34.75 111 4.89 34.77 150 4.30 34.72 148 4.28 34.72 200.--. 4.35 34.76 222 4.45 34.78 300-.. . 4.85 34.85 311 4.89 34. 86 400.... 4.65 34.88 456 4.59 34.89 600.... 4.50 34.90 600 4.48 34.90 800--.. 4.30 34.91 758 4.32 34.91 1,000-. 4.10 34.91 1,190... 3.97 34.91 1,500.. 3.65 34.90 1,731... 3.44 34.89 27.07 27.15 27.32 27.43 27.50 27.56 27.58 27.59 27.64 27.67 27.70 27.73 27.76 Station 5299; July 20; latitude 59°19.5' N., longitude 44°30' W.; depth 1,188 meters; dynamic height 1454.763 0 3.56 33.97 0 3.56 33.97 27.03 28 3.15 34.01 25 3.20 34.00 27.09 55 2.76 34.15 50 2.80 34.10 27.21 82 4.28 34.48 75 3.80 34.38 27.33 109 4.75 34.58 100.... 4.65 34.55 27.38 165 4.98 34.73 150.... 4.95 34.70 27.46 219 4.95 34.80 200.... 4.95 34.78 27.52 328 4.83 34.84 300.... 4.85 34.83 27.57 432 4.73 34.88 400 4.75 34.87 27.62 649 4.54 34.89 600.... 4.60 34.89 27.65 868 4.15 34.90 800.... 4.25 34.90 27.70 1,087... 3.90 34.90 1,000.. 4.00 34.90 27.73 Station 5300; July 20; latitude 59°33' N., longitude 44°07' W.; depth 171 meters; dynamic height 1454.923 0 0.19 31.80 0 0.19 31.80 25.54 29 -0.03 31.98 25 0.00 31.95 25.67 58 0.07 32.26 50 0.05 32.16 25.84 87 -0.16 32.87 75 -0.05 32.59 26.19 115 1.18 33.54 100-... 0.35 33.19 26.65 173 3.84 34.36 150 2.95 34.06 27.16 128 In the following table the potential densit}^ is represented by ate which signifies 1,000 (density— 1) at atmospheric pressure and potential temperature tg. The concentration of total phosphorus is given in microgram-atoms per liter. TOTAL PHOSPHORUS DATA COLLECTED IN 1952 Depth meters Total P Mga/L Station 4741; Apr. 29; latitude 47°16' N., longitude 49°14' W.; depth 91 meters 0.. 26 52 78. 26.30 26.34 26.37 26.71 0.63 0.70 0.76 0.92 Station 4742; Apr. 29; latitude 47°22' N., longitude 48°47' W.; depth 139 meters 0 26.34 26.40 26.41 26.70 0.59 25 49 74 0.70 0.68 0.88 98 0.73 128 26.93 1.05 0 26.37 26.42 26.48 26.73 26.84 27.10 25.. m 75 99 149 Station 4743; Apr. 29; latitude 47°28.5' N., longitude 48°26' W.; depth 174 meters 0.63 0.77 0.90 1.08 1.09 1.01 Station 4744; Apr. 29; latitude 47°34' N., longitude 48°04' W.; depth 218 meters 0.71 0.88 1.09 0.88 0.95 1.10 Station 4745; Apr. 29; latitude 47°41.5' N., longitude 47°32' W. depth 315 meters 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.96 1.09 l.OS 0.94 1.08 0 26.43 26.51 26.68 26.76 26.87 27.33 25 50 75. 100 201 0 26.75 26.90 26.94 27.10 27.18 27.35 27.47 27.54 25 49 74 99 .- 148 197 286 Depth meters Total P /xga/L Station 4746; Apr. 30; latitude 47°48.5' N., longitude 46°54' W.; depth 646 meters 0.92 0.99 0.93 0.93 0.94 1.06 1.07 1.17 1.09 1.08 Station 4747; Apr. 30; latitude 47°59.5' N., longitude 46°21' W.; depth 1,171 meters 0._-. 27.26 22. 27.32 43 27.35 65 27.36 86 . 27.41 27.50 129- 173. 27.57 259 27.67 350 27.71 532. 27.75 0 27.21 25-. 27.34 50-. 27.40 76-. 27.46 27.51 100. 151 27.60 201 27.66 301. 27.70 330. 27.71 27.72 507- 692 27.75 896. 27.77 1.22 1.27 1.36 1.39 1.44 1.40 1.77 1.56 1.44 1.68 1.41 1.67 Station 4748: Apr. 30; latitude 47°55.5' N., longitude 46°10' W. depth 1,060 meters 26... 51... 77... 102.. 152-. 203.. 305- . 415-. 614.. 821 -. 1,028 27.13 27.20 27.23 27.47 27.55 27.62 27. 66 27.71 27.72 27.74 27.77 27.79 0.84 0.89 0.82 0.87 0.87 0.86 0.94 0.82 0.95 0.93 1.02 1.16 Station 4749; Apr. 30; latitude 47047' N., longitude 45°50' W.; depth 436 meters 0 21 27.02 27.10 27.26 27.32 27.42 27. 53 27.59 27.67 27.70 0.93 0.94 43 64 0.87 1.07 86 128 1.14 1.35 170 256 341 1.19 1.13 1.15 Depth meters Total P Mga/L Station 4750; Apr. 30; latitude 47°43' N., longitude 45°40' W.; depth 306 meters 0.91 0.96 1.06 1.31 1.15 1.20 1.20 1.33 station 4751; Apr. 30: latitude 47°29' N., longitude 45°04' W.; depth 224 meters 0 27.03 27.18 27.26 27.31 27.38 27.46 27.55 27.67 23 47. 70 . . 94- 141... 187 253 0 26.72 24 49 26.73 26.74 73 26 74 97 146 26.89 194 27.48 0.63 0.67 0.60 0.62 0.65 1.37 1.00 Station 4752; Apr. 30; latitude 47°22' N., longitude 45°00' W.; depth 188 meters 0 26.... 51 26.70 26.73 26.73 26.75 27.04 27.40 0.64 0.64 0.54 77 - . 0.91 101 153 0.68 1.00 station 4753: Apr. 30; latitude 47°23' N., longitude 45°13' W.; depth 220 meters 0 26.73 26.73 26.72 26.73 26.79 27.31 27.50 0.62 23 0.55 47 0.66 70 0.58 93 0.70 140 0.89 186 0.95 Station 4754: Apr. 30; latitude 47°22' N., longitude 45°35' W.; depth 265 meters 0 26.73 26.73 26.74 26.75 27.20 27.46 27.59 0.61 26.. 51 0.66 0.64 77.... 102 0.60 0.89 153. 204 0.97 1.10 129 TOTAL PHOSPHORUS DATA COLLECTED IN 1952— Continued Depth meters Total P Mga/L Station 4755; Apr. 30; latitude 47°22' N., longitude 45°53' W.; depth 318 meters 0 26.73 26.75 27.04 27.08 27.20 27.36 27.59 27.69 0.53 25.-- - 49 0.65 0.78 74 98 0.77 1.70 147 1.04 197 --- 295 0.97 1.02 Station 4756; Apr. 30; latitude 47°22' N., longitude 46°14' W.; depth 635 meters 0 - 25 60 - 27.02 27.04 27.20 27. 30 27.36 27.47 27.54 27.67 27.69 0.72 0.76 0.88 75. 100 . 0.95 1.12 150. 200 1.13 1.14 300 376 570 1.15 0.88 0.87 Station 4757; May 1; latitude 47°19' N., longitude 47°06' W.; depth 558 meters 0 26.52 26.81 27.01 27.17 27.25 27.44 27.54 27.63 27.69 1.36 25 51 1.32 1.40 77 1.23 103 153 1.32 1.35 204 1.44 307 1. f7 411 1.43 Station 4758; May 1; latitude 47°16.5' N., longitude 47°16' W.; depth 330 meters 0 26.54 26.56 26.76 26.95 27.04 27.28 27.45 27.60 0.91 22 0.91 45 1.14 67 0.92 89 1.07 133 1.09 178 1.00 267 1.16 Station 4759; May 1; latitude 47°11.5' N., longitude 47°32' W.; depth 227 meters 0.. 26.36 26.52 26.68 26.83 26.93 27.14 27.32 0.73 25 - 0.84 51 0.94 76 0.95 101, 1.07 152 0.95 203 1.14 Depth meters Total P Mga/L Station 4760; May 1; latitude 47°05.5' N., longitude 47°49' W.; depth 174 meters 0 26.34 26.40 26.57 26.76 26.81 27.01 0.74 21 42 63 84 0.76 0.87 0.92 0.86 168 1.05 Station 4761; May 1; latitude 46°59' N., longitude 48°10' W.; depth 134 meters 0 26. 31 26.39 26.46 26.76 26.93 0.65 30._ 58 0 98 1.36 88 .. 1.02 116 1.04 Station 4762; May 1; latitude 46°4S' N., longitude 4S°43' W.; depth 102 meters 0 26.26 26.32 26.33 26.60 0.69 24 49 0.63 0.82 73 1.16 Station 4793; May 4; latitude 45°34.5' N., longitude 47°52' W.; depth 1,439 meters 24 48 26.83 27.07 27.30 27.43 27.51 27.59 27.76 27.77 0.90 1.06 72 0.96 96 1.32 144 1.26 192 1.26 992 1.17 1,341 1.14 Station 4794; May 4; latitude 45°20' N., longitude 47°23' W.; depth 2,509 meters 76 27.11 27.27 27.42 27.51 27.64 27.77 1.02 101 1.21 151 1.27 201 1.31 302 1.32 979 1.24 1 474 1.14 Station 4795; May 4; latitude 45°24' N., longitude 46°40' W.; depth 3,011 meters 0.... 50-.- 75... 101 -. 150- - 200.- 301 -. 395.. 602- - 809.- 1,015 1,538 26.37 0.86 26.55 0.59 26.84 0.81 27.03 1.01 27.20 1.27 27.41 1.44 27.54 1.48 27. 63 1.28 27.74 1.23 27.76 1.28 27.77 1.21 27.82 1.30 Depth meters Total P Mga/L Station 4796; May 5; latitude 45°27' N., longitude 46°00' W., depth 3,402 meters 0 26.55 26.59 26.66 26.90 27.05 27.21 27.34 27.52 27.55 27.72 27.73 27.76 0.61 25 49-.. 74 0.64 0.60 0.79 98 1.01 147 .. .. 1.24 196 1.21 294 1.24 336 1.32 535 1.27 734 1.27 929 1.27 1,434 . 1.34 Station 4797; May 5; latitude 45°30' N., longitude 45°25' W.; depth 3,658 meters 0 26.26 26. 65 26.78 26.84 26.86 26.98 27.16 27.43 27.57 27.71 27.77 27.77 27.82 0.52 25 0.59 50 0.67 75 0.67 100 0.70 1.50 1.03 200 1.21 300 1.69 411 1.40 618 1.28 825 1.25 1,032 1,550 1.19 1.10 Station 4798; May 5; latitude 44°45.5' N., longitude 45°23'' W.; depth 3,896 meters 0 26.62 26.70 26.71 26.73 26.73 26.78 26.86 27.13 27.45 27.65 27.73 27.78 0.49 26 0.48 53 0.49 79 0.58 105 -.- 0.55 157. 0.67 209 0.75 314 1.26 474 1.45 646 1.29 825 1.50 1,306 1.15 Station 4799; May 5; latitude 44°18.5' N., longitude 45°15' W.; depth 4,115 meters 0 26.49 26.66 26.68 26.70 26.72 26.76 26.81 27.01 27.28 27.62 27.71 27.75 27.83 0.51 25 0.50 51 - 0.47 76 0.65 102 0.74 151 0.70 202 0.75 304 1.36 426 1.46 639 1.32 854 1.45 1,069. 1,608 1.14 1.31 130 TOTAL PHOSPHORUS DATA COLLECTED IN 1952— Continued Depth meters Total P Mga/L Station 4,800; Mav 5; latitude 44°26.5' N., longitude 45°54' W.; depth 3,658 meters 0— . 19... 38-.. 58-.. 76-.. 115-. 154.. 230.. 260-- 388- 615-- 658-- 1,038 26.17 26.42 26.65 26.65 26.76 26.93 26.91 27.19 27.09 27.49 27.64 27.72 27.76 0.51 0.48 0.64 0.49 0.77 1.20 1.35 1.13 1.33 1.42 1.46 1.45 1.48 Station 4801; May 5; latitude 44°36.5' N., longitude 46°40' W.; depth 3,749 meters 0-.-. 28--. 55-.- 84-.. 111.- 167.. 223-- 334-. 404.. 632.. 877.. 1,098 1,654 26.20 0.72 26.46 0.77 26.64 0.73 27.04 0.99 27.18 1.07 27.42 1.40 27.51 1.42 27.64 1.43 27.67 1.32 27.74 1.34 27.77 1.22 27.78 1.28 27.80 1.53 Station 4802; Mav 6; latitude 44044' N., longitude 47°18' W.; depth 3,658 meters 0 26.34 26. 55 26. 57 26.76 27.12 27.39 27.57 27.64 27.71 27.71 27.76 27.76 27.78 0.94 24 1.02 49 1.04 72 1.21 97 145 -- 1.26 1.41 193 --- 1.58 290 1.62 376 1.50 560 ... . 1.50 742 --- 1.48 932 1 54 1,422 1.49 Station 4803; May 6; latitude 44°52.5' N., longitude 48°04' W.; depth 2 834 meters. 0 24--. 49-.. 73-.. 98-- 146.. 195- . 293-. 389-. 584-- 778-. 991.. 1,560 26.56 26.82 27.03 27.25 27.39 27.46 27.57 27.66 27.71 27.74 27.76 27.78 27.80 0.94 1.41 1.33 1.21 1.49 1.35 1.38 1.44 1.42 1.66 1.42 1.35 1.66 Depth meters Total P M?a/L Station 4804; Mav 6; latitude 44°56' N., longitude 48°32' W.; depth 1,518 meters 0 26.62 26.71 27.21 27.45 27.50 27.60 27.67 27.71 27.74 27.77 27.78 27.79 0.74 24... 0.78 49 1.66 97 - 1.48 146 1.41 195 . 1.55 292.- 338 -.. . 1.58 1.73 513 -. 1.50 690 . . . 1.55 880 1.58 1,385 1.64 Station 4805; May 6; latitude 44°57' N., longitude 48°45' W.; depth 1,371 meters 0 26.55 26.80 26.97 27.04 27.10 27.29 27.46 27.58 27.70 27.74 27.75 0.80 27 1.10 52 1.46 79 1.00 104 - 0.93 157 0.98 210 1.09 314-. 1.01 442 1.07 658 0.97 871 1.18 1,092 1.14 Station 4806; Mav 6; latitude 44°58.5' N., longitude 48°59' W.; depth 604 meters 0 . 26.32 26.38 26.63 26.75 26.82 26.98 27.17 27.44 27.60 27.68 0.73 24 0.59 48 1.04 72 1.38 96 - 1.46 144 0.93 193 1.23 289 0.93 391 1.27 583--- 1.07 Station 4807; May 6; latitude 44°59.5' N., longitude 49°08' W.; depth 77 meters 26.17 26.38 26.65 0.76 1.00 1.03 1.24 Station 4808; May 6; latitude 44°59' N., longitude 49°24' W.; depth 70 meters 0- 25 50 26.20 26.22 26.43 0.61 0.70 1.41 Station 4809; Mav 6; latitude 44°16' N., longitude 49°29' W.; depth 53 meters 0-. 26 46 26.17 26.42 26.46 0.72 1.10 1.43 Depth meters Total P Mga/L Station 4810; May 7; latitude 44°14' N., longitude 49°23' W.; depth 93 meters 0_ 25 51 76 26.26 26.46 26.54 26.72 0.72 1.08 1.00 0.93 Station 4811; May 7; latitude 44°13.5' N., longitude 49°19' W.; depth 201 meters 0--. 25-, 49. 74.. 98-. 147 26.25 0.71 26.44 0.68 26.52 0.99 26.70 0.94 26.81 0.95 27.04 0.86 Station 4812; May 7; latitude 44°12' N., longitude 49°15' W.; depth 713 meters 0 25 51 26.28 26.54 26.73 26.92 26.98 27.10 27.13 27.38 27.58 27.71 0.73 0.94 1.07 76 0.97 101 -- 0.99 152 -- 0.93 203 0.99 304 0.97 399 1.06 593 0.97 Station 4813; May 7; 44°10' N., longitude ■ depth 1,582 meters latitude 9°07' W.; 0 26.27 26.56 26.77 26.92 27.04 27.10 27.22 27.44 27.62 27.71 27.74 27.76 27.77 0.66 25 . .. 0.97 50 1.07 75 0.96 99 - 1.02 149 1.03 199 1.06 298 1.02 404 1.00 600 - . 1.24 792 1.12 990 1.17 1,484 1.16 Station 4814; May 7; 44°07' N., longitude ' depth 2,615 meters latitude B°52' W.; 0 26.27 26.56 26.77 26.93 27.02 27.14 27.36 27.53 27.65 27.71 27.75 27.77 27.79 0.59 24 . -. 0.95 48 --- 1.08 72 1.08 96 0.96 144 193 1.01 1.14 289 1.12 368 1.30 554 1.25 741 1.27 934 1.22 1,429 1.14 131 TOTAL PHOSPHORUS DATA COLLECTED IN 1952— Continued Depth meters Total P Mga/L Station 4815; May 7; latitude 43°58' N., longitude 48°21' W.; depth 3,475 meters 0 26.22 26.54 26.94 27.15 0.59 25 0.62 51 0.93 76 -- 1.00 102 27.26 1.04 152 27. 44 1.13 204 27.53 27.65 1.10 306 1.27 412 27.70 1.24 615 27.74 1.13 816 27.76 1.11 1,022 27.78 1.15 1,544 27.80 1.21 Station 4816; May 7; latitude 43°48' N., longitude 47°43' W.; depth 3,841 meters 0- - 22_ _- 43 26.13 26.71 26.78 26.83 26.84 26.85 27.12 27.35 27.40 27.61 27.71 27.75 27.77 0.54 0.60 0. 58 65 . 0.69 87... .- 0.65 130 173 260 0.67 1.13 1.33 296 1.36 451 610 777 1.33 1.27 1.26 1,219- 1.21 Station 4817; May 7; latitude 43°36.5' N., longitude 46°59' W.; depth 4,490 meters 0 26.27 26. 40 26.63 26.86 27.01 0.53 25 0.67 50 75 - - - 0.66 0.90 99 150 0.95 0.85 200..-. 299 27.26 27.45 27.47 27.65 27.73 27.75 27.77 1.37 1.40 302__ 499 698 1.42 1.27 1.18 903 1,433 1.38 1.41 Station 4818; May 8; latitude 43°28' N., longitude 46°14' W.; depth 4,572 meters 0 24 26.01 26.24 26.49 26.61 26.96 27.19 27.41 27.56 27.60 27.68 27.72 27.76 27.79 0.52 0.59 48 - 0.67 71... 95 142 190 285 316 0.83 0.98 0.95 1.25 1.31 1.42 486-- 1.31 663 1.35 849 1,349 1.21 1.28 Depth meters Total P Station 4819; May 8; latitude 43°20.5' N., longitude 45°33' W.; depth 4,572 meters 0... - 28 56 84 111 167 26.30 26.30 26.39 26.67 26.74 0.43 0.39 0.41 0.67 0.68 0.55 223 0.94 334 27.33 27.45 27.65 27.72 27.76 27.80 1.39 400 1.42 584 -- 1.12 756 1.25 954 1.22 1,467 1.25 Station 4820; May 8; latitude 42°52.5' N., longitude 45°53' W.; depth 4,663 meters 0 26 -- 52-_ 78 .-- 26.01 26.03 26.49 26.57 26.58 26.59 26.60 0.43 0.53 0.44 0.56 104 0.49 156 208 311 0.54 0.48 0.86 415 26.73 27.24 27.56 27.70 27.78 1.17 625 - 836 2.27 2.04 1,046 1,572 1.86 1.79 Station 4821; May 8; latitude 42°28' N., longitude 46°09' W.; depth 4,572 meters 0 26.01 26.06 0.35 26 0.38 52 0.36 78- 26.42 0.36 103---- 26.46 0.38 156-- - 26.53 0. 51 207 --- 26.64 0.57 310 26.78 0.68 421 26.96 0.97 630--- - 27.32 1.49 Station 4822; May 8; latitude 42°47.5' N., longitude 46°40' W.; depth 4,207 meters 0 25.97 26.21 26.42 26.49 26.54 26.69 26.82 26.93 26.83 27.29 27.56 27.70 27.78 0.49 26 52 78--- 104 --. 0.51 0.59 0.68 0.83 157 1.00 208 1.23 312 1.47 278 1.20 456 2.21 660- 2.20 844 1.78 1,336 1.66 Depth meters Total P Mga/L Station 4823; May 9; latitude 42°58.5' N., longitude 47°21' W.; depth 3,731 meters 0 26.24 26.24 26.47 26.66 26.75 26.83 26.90 27.18 27.26 27.56 27.71 27. 75 27.78 0.47 26- 51 0.39 0.39 77 .- 103 --- 0.59 0.73 153 0.83 205 0.79 308 -.. 1.50 365 1.51 549 1.41 737 -- - 1.31 937 1.29 1,462 .- 1.18 Station 4824; May 9; latitude 43°09.5' N., longitude 48°05' W.; depth 3, 292 meters 0 --- 25.90 26.75 26.84 26.89 27.05 27.22 27.37 27.57 27.63 27.72 27.76 27.76 27.81 0.49 27 ---- 53 0.65 0.73 80 -- 0.82 105 1.09 159 0.84 212- 317 1.40 1.08 404.- 1.25 606 1.26 811 1.28 1,017 1,540 1.25 1.29 Station 4825; May 9; latitude 43°20' N., longitude 48°50' W.; depth 1,920 meters 0 26.23 26.46 26.97 27.25 27.32 27.47 27.55 27.64 27.68 27.71 27.74 27.75 27.78 0.66 24 0.66 50 74--- - 1.00 1.10 99 1.19 148 198 -- 1.25 1.17 297 1.10 393 1.21 588 1.17 781 1.19 979 1.14 1,483 1.20 Station 4826; May 9; latitude 42°37.5' N., longitude 49°01' W.; depth 2,286 meters 0 26.22 26.57 26.85 27.12 27.19 27.34 27.49 27.59 27.63 27.69 27.72 27.74 27.77 0.54 24---- 49 73 0.78 0.93 1.00 98 0.92 145- - 1.04 194- 292 1.09 1.17 353 1.26 529 1.64 703 -- 1.13 889 1.27 1,370 1.24 132 TOTAL PHOSPHORUS DATA COLLECED IN 1 952— Continued Depth meters Total P Station 4827; May 9; latitude 42°24.5' N., longitude 48°33' W.; depth 3,109 meters 0 25.68 26.79 27.00 27.11 27.16 27.26 27.35 27.56 27.47 27.67 27.72 27.76 27.75 0.80 27 0.79 53 1.39 81 1.28 107 1.24 161 1.33 215 1.42 322 . 1.50 257 1.41 408.-. 1.40 576... 755.. 1,265 1.26 1.34 1.28 Station 4828; May 10; latitude 41°59.5' N., longitude 48°02' W.; depth 3,658 meters 0.— 25... 50... 75... 101.. 150.. 200.. 301.- 392.. 589.. 788.. 986.. 1,480 25.63 26.28 26.72 26.94 27.11 27.26 27.37 27.55 27.63 27.72 27.76 27.78 27.80 0.61 0.65 0.88 0.93 1.00 1.17 1.32 1.39 1.36 1.35 1.22 1.18 1.17 Station 4829; May 10; latitude 4r34.5' N., longitude 47°14' W.; depth 4,207 meters 0-... 25... 50... 75... 99... 149.. 199.. 298.- 284- 443- 612.- 787.- 1,265 25.95 26.54 26.65 26.71 26.78 26.86 27.00 27.19 27.16 27.52 27.68 27.73 27.78 0.62 0.70 0.86 1.12 0.79 0.91 1.07 1.65 1.71 1.68 1.53 1.50 1.39 Station 4830; May 10; latitude 40°59' N., longitude 48°28' W.; depth 3,011 meters 0.... 54..- 81-.. 108.. 163.. 217.. 325.. 417.. 621 _. 823.. 1,030 1,550 26.18 26.54 26.79 26.84 26.94 27.09 27.36 27.50 27.68 27.73 27.78 27.81 1.03 0.78 0.76 0.93 1.15 1.21 1.42 1.65 1.36 1.22 1.29 1.25 Depth meters Total P Mga/L Station 4831; May 10; latitude 41°31' N., longitude 48"'54' W.; depth 3,200 meters 0.... 27- 25.54 26.38 26.73 26.98 27.18 27.36 27.48 27.60 27.65 27.73 27.77 27.77 27.79 0.52 0.69 53 80- 1.06 1.07 105 1.09 159 1.23 212 317 1.40 1.31 402 1.38 599-.. 795- 998 1.34 1.26 1.22 1,511 1.22 Station 4832; May 11; latitude 42°00' N., longitude 49°27' W.; depth 3,011 meters 0 0.52 23 26.14 26.88 26.97 27.13 27.26 27.35 27.53 27.55 27.68 27.74 27.77 27.79 0.81 45 0.89 68 . - . 0 94 89 1.05 134 1.24 179 1.31 268 1.41 305 1.39 515 -. 1.32 722 1 35 930 1.09 1,452 1.05 Stotion 4833; May 11; latitude 40°59' N., longitude 50°15' W.; depth 3,603 meters 74. 148-.. 197-.. 296-.. 307-.. 464-.. 624-.- 782.-. 1,180. 24.25 25.82 26.16 26.31 26.36 26.38 26.40 26.43 26.42 27.10 27.47 27.77 0.22 0.14 0.18 0.10 0.16 0.16 0.23 0.22 0.32 0.78 1.34 1.59 1.28 Station 4834; May 11; latitude 41°30' N., longitude 50'='09' W.; depth 3,779 meters 0.... 26... 51... 76... 102.. 1.52.. 203.. 305.. 401.. 595.. 787.. 996-. 1,540 25.69 25.92 26.13 26.35 26.57 26.70 26.81 26.98 27.15 27.51 27.69 27.75 27.78 0.14 0.24 0.30 0.47 0.45 0.73 0.86 1.07 1.47 1.32 1.35 1.28 1.24 Depth meters Total P Mga/L Station 4835; May 11; latitude 42°02' N., longitude 50°13' W.; depth 3,564 meters 0-... 23... 46— 69... 92... 137- 182-- 274-- 345.- 527.- 716.. 907.- 1,402 25.65 26.35 26.54 26.89 27.01 27.19 27.35 27.55 27.57 27.67 27.72 27.76 27.78 0.12 0.66 0.98 1.00 1.04 1.14 1.29 1.39 1.40 1.35 1.31 1.24 1.24 Station 4836; May 11; latitude 42°25.5' N., longitude 50°10' W.; depth 1.929 meters 0 26.14 26.62 26.86 26.99 27.08 27.25 27.37 27.57 27.60 27.67 27.73 27.75 27.77 1.44 25 0.78 50- 1.23 75... 1.12 99- 1.12 148 1.16 198 1.25 297 1.43 369 1.43 555 1.29 743 1.35 938 1.34 1,441 1.38 Station 4837; May 11-12; latitude 42°45.5' N., longitude 50°09' W.; depth 732 meters 0 26.27 26.39 26.59 26.70 26.80 27.01 27.17 27.38 27.47 27.71 0.51 25-. 0.60 49 0.67 74 1.01 98 1.07 146 1.03 196- 294 1.08 1.05 375 1.15 576 1.11 Station 4838; May 12; latitude 42°49.5' N., longitude 50°10' W.; depth 287 meters 0 . .. 26.16 26.20 26.52 26.69 26.81 26.96 27.18 27.26 0.59 24 49 73.... 97 146 0.62 0.92 l.U 1.09 1.00 194 1.15 243 1.20 Station 4839; May 12; latitude 42°58' N., longitude 50°11' W.; depth 88 meters 0. 21 43 64 26.00 26.24 26.46 26.64 0.66 0.66 1.02 1.06 133 TOTAL PHOSPHORUS DATA COLLEaED IN 1952— Continued Depth meters Total P Station 4840; May 12; latitude 43°1] .5' N., longitude 50°17' W.; depth 68 meters 0- 22 43 25.45 25.57 26.27 0.87 0.89 1.31 Station 4970; July 15; latitude 50°00' N., lonpitude 49°00' W., depth 1,847 meters 0... 25.13 27.47 27.63 27.67 27.71 27.72 27.73 27.76 27.76 27.77 27.78 27.77 27.80 0.55 25 1.07 50 1 42 76 1 37 101.. 1.38 151 1.17 202 .. 1 38 303 1 38 403 1 37 604. 1 43 803 1 48 1,004 1,508 1.49 1.43 Station 4971; July 17; latitude 53°43' N. longitude 55°48' W., depth 110 meters 0. 25 49 74 21.66 25.74 26.35 26.39 26.43 0.57 0.79 1.27 1.41 1.43 23 26.18 26.44 26.53 26.58 26.86 27.26 47. 70 93_ 140 177 Station 4972; July 17; 53°52' N. longitude 55*32' W.; depth 215 meters 0.87 1.28 1.30 1.27 1.38 1.31 Station 4973; July 17; lititude 53°55.5' N., longitude 55°26' W.; depth 170 meters 0.66 0.88 1.40 1.40 1.21 1.21 Station 4974; July 17; latitude 64°05.5' N., longitude 55°07' W.; depth 165 meters 0 24.70 26.25 26.54 26.72 26.89 27.16 25 49 74 98 147 0.. 25. 51. 76. 101 147 24.58 26.35 26.77 26.91 27.03 27.13 0.70 0.99 1.38 1.32 1.24 1.39 Depth meters Total P Mga/L Station 4975; July 17; latitude 54°11' N., longitude 54°55' W.; depth 165 meters 0.73 0.91 1.31 1.26 1.30 1.34 Station 4976; July 17; latitude 54°30.5' N., longitude 54°22' W.; depth 224 meters 0 24.60 26.46 26.65 26.84 27.04 27.31 25 50.. 75 101 151 0 24.61 26.47 26.65 26.77 26.89 27.10 27.29 25 50.. 76.. 101 151 202 0.57 1.38 1.21 1.32 1.35 1.47 1.28 Station 4977; July 17; latitude 54°45' N.. longitude 53°51' W.; depth 320 meters 0 25.74 26.75 27.07 27.25 27.34 27.48 27.50 27.55 23 45_ 68.. 90 135 180 270 1.84 0.89 0.84 0.95 1.09 1.33 1.44 1.23 Station 4978; July 17; latitude 54°51' N., longitude 53°34' W.; depth 619 meters 0.. 26.07 27.18 27.39 27.44 27.51 27.57 27.62 27.72 27.73 27.75 18 37.. 55 74 . Ill 147 221 342 . . 533 0.78 0.90 1.21 1.12 1.27 1.39 1.09 1.35 1.45 1.29 Station 4979; July 17; latitude 54°55' N., longitude 53°23' W., depth 1,463 meters 0 26.37 27.19 27.45 27.61 27.65 27.72 27.71 27.74 27.75 27.75 27.77 27.76 27.77 25.. 51,. 76 102 152 203. ... 305 352.. 532 713 897 1,370 0.82 0.96 1.20 1.31 1.33 1.38 1.34 1.46 1.42 1.55 1.54 1.22 1.23 Depth meters Total P Mga/L Station 4980; July 17; latitude 55°00' N., longitude 53°11' W.; depth, 2,067 meters 0.48 0.55 1.10 1.04 1.15 1.28 1.21 1.26 1.10 1.08 1.09 1.17 1.17 0.95 0. 26.40 27.00 27.54 27.67 27.73 27.73 27.74 27.75 27.75 27.76 27.76 27.78 27.79 27.82 23 46 69 92 138.. 184 276 370... 557 746 935.. 1,419 1.916 Station 4981; .Tuly 17-18; latitude 55°10.5' N., longitude 52°51' W.; depth 2,871 meters 0.... 25... 50... 74... 99... 149.. 198.. 297.. 379.. 571.. 762.. 956.. 1,446 1,945 2,504 2,792 26.67 26.88 27.57 27.70 27.70 27.76 27.77 27.77 27.77 27.78 27.80 27.80 27.80 27.87 27.91 27.93 0.47 0.43 0.90 0.94 0.98 1.03 1.13 1.13 0.98 1.03 1.01 0.99 1.06 1.10 1.30 1.17 Station 4982; July 18: latitude 55°30' N., longitude 52°19' W.; depth 3,200 meters 0.55 1.17 1.26 1.37 1.52 1.38 1.22 1.18 1.22 1.31 0.98 1.13 1.34 1.08 1.23 1.19 0.66 0.. 26.64 27.28 27.64 27.70 27.73 27.75 27.76 27.77 27.78 27.78 27.77 27.79 27.80 27.80 27.88 27.90 27.94 25 49 ... 74 98 147. 197 295 394 ... . 592 790 989 . . 1,475 1,954 2,416 2,893 3,038. 134 TOTAL PHOSPHORUS DATA COLLECTED IN 1952— Continued Depth meters Total P Mga/L Station 4983 July 18; latitude 55°55.5' N., longitude 51°34' W.; depth 3,402 meters 0- 26.59 26.76 27.29 27.42 27.48 27.59 27.62 27.72 27.76 27.76 27.78 27.78 27.81 27.85 27.84 27.90 27.91 1.07 25 ... 0.69 49 1.00 74 . . 1.25 99 1.16 148 197 296 398 596 1.16 1.28 1.34 1.33 1.20 792 988.. 1.21 1.30 1,486 1,987 2,335 2,801 3,126 1.42 1.31 1.32 1.32 1.18 Station 4984; July 18; latitude 56°30.5' N.. longitude 50°25' W.; depth 3,530 meters 0 26.84 27.12 27.56 27.71 27.71 27.76 27.77 27.78 27.77 27.78 27.77 27.77 27.77 27.79 27.82 27.88 27.91 0.64 26 1.02 51 . 1.30 77 1.44 103 1.44 153 1.48 204. 1.47 307. . 1.25 310 1.35 495 ... 1.45 700 1.36 924 .. 1.41 1,427 1,956 2,532 3,016 3,405 1.25 1.32 1.34 1.27 1.32 Station 4985; July 19; latitude 57°02' N., longitude 49°02' W.; depth 3,475 meters 0 26.67 27.03 27.46 27.65 27.67 27.71 27.72 27.75 27.75 27.75 27.75 27.77 27.79 27.80 27.85 27.89 27.92 0.74 24 . 0.85 49 74 99 1.23 1.34 1.52 148 . 1.85 197 1.39 296 1.40 379 1.34 568 1.38 758 1.38 948 1.36 1,442 1.948 2,552 3,040 3,429 1.20 1.42 1.38 1.40 0.99 Depth meters Total P /iga/L Station 4986; July 19; latitude 57°34.5' N., longitude 48°04' W.; depth 3,347 meters 0... 26.89 27.25 27.65 27.72 0.82 25 0.80 52 1.13 77 1.42 104 27.71 27.75 27.76 27.75 27.75 27.75 27.77 1.41 154 1.34 206 1.34 310 1.42 513 1.38 719 1.31 924 1.41 1,129 27.78 1.30 1,646 27.77 1.26 2,164 27.81 1.30 2,453 27.83 1.37 2,937 27.90 1.34 3,227 27.93 1.09 Station 4987; July 19; latitude 58°05.5' N., longitude 47°01' W.; depth 3,054 meters 0 26.94 27.14 27.34 27.68 27.71 27.73 27.73 27.74 27.75 27.76 27.78 27.79 27.81 27.83 27.88 27.92 0.80 25 . ... 0.91 50 75 0.95 1.31 100 150 1.48 1.47 199 1.34 299.. 1.27 406 1.32 609 812 1.20 1.28 1,015 1,494 2,044 2,490 2,986 1.37 1.37 1.28 1.37 1.33 Station 4988; July 20; latitude 58°37.5' N., longitude 45°57' W.; depth 2,505 meters 0 27.06 27.32 27.50 27.71 27.72 27.74 27.74 27.75 27.77 27.77 0.98 25 1.02 51 . ... 1.16 76 101 . ... 1.27 1.39 152 1.35 203 1.39 304 1.36 376 . . 1.24 565 1.44 755 1.30 946 1.29 1,431 1,926 2,448 27.78 27.84 27.87 1.33 1.30 1.18 Depth meters Total P /iga/L Station 4989; July 20; latitude 59°00' N., longitude 45°16' W.; depth 2,286 meters 0... 25 27.15 27.34 27.53 27.65 27.71 27.75 27.75 27.74 27.76 27.77 27.78 27.79 27.82 27.88 27.90 1.10 1.05 49 1.16 74 1.31 98-. 1.49 147 ... 1.36 196 1.27 294. 393. 591... 789 1.26 1.25 1.29 1.29 988 1.31 1,492 2,002 2,253 1.47 1.47 1.17 Station 4990; July 20; latitude 59°14.5' N., longitude 44°54' W.; depth 1,957 meters 0 27.09 27.16 27. 54 27.63 27.67 27.70 27.71 27.75 27.74 27.76 27.77 27.78 27.79 27.85 0.88 25 50 l.Ol 1.27 76 1.39 101 1.47 151 1.49 202.. 303 1.35 1.42 404 1.26 605 . .. 1.45 806 1,005 1,506 1,862 1.36 1.27 1.47 1.02 Station 4991; .July 20; latitude 59°21.5' N., longitude 44°41' W.; depth 1,097 meters 0 26.91 27.22 27. 38 27.49 27.57 27.69 27.69 0.97 24 1.14 49 1.12 74 1.51 99 1.18 148 1.30 197 1.27 296 1.18 429 27.71 27.72 27.74 27.76 1.20 635 1.23 8.38 1.34 1,036 .- 1.35 Station 4992; July 20; latitude 59°31.5' N., longitude 44°31' W.; depth 179 meters 0 24.90 25.14 26.19 26.84 27.21 27. 51 27.60 -J 0 44 23 0.58 47 0.71 70 94 1.15 1.04 140 1 10 159 1.09 135 TOTAL PHOSPHORUS DATA COLLECTED IN 1952— Continued Depth meters Total P Mga/L Station 4993; July 20; latitude 59°34.5' N., longitude 44°23' W.; depth 153 meters 0.40 0.49 0.74 0.95 0.93 1.10 0 25.09 25.42 26.42 26.65 27.01 27.19 25 61 76.- 101 147 Depth meters Total P Mga/L Station 4994; July 20; latitude 59°36' N., longitude 44°11' W.; depth 165 meters 0.59 0.63 0.76 0.99 1.02 1.42 0 .- -. 25.03 25. 22 25.95 26.45 26.91 27.41 25.-. 51 76 101 152 Depth meters Total P jxga/L 136 TOTAL PHOSPHORUS DATA COLLECTED IN 1953 Depth meters aid Total P Mga/L Station 5279; July 16; latitude 53°43' N., longitude S5°48' W.; depth 112 meters 1.11 0.66 0.66 0.83 0.92 0 20.35 25.74 26.02 26.14 26.20 26 61 77 97 Station 5280; July 16; latitude 53°49.5' N., longitude 55°32' W.; depth 218 meters 0 24.26 25.92 26.32 26.48 26.58 26.77 27.00 0.49 26 0.59 62 0.92 78 1.01 104 1.01 156 0.95 198 1.06 Station 5281; July 16; latitude 53°53' N., longitude 55°26' W.; depth 181 meters 0 24.34 25.95 26.31 26.48 26.64 27.00 0.47 25 61 0.53 0.88 76 1.08 101 1.05 152 1.14 Dapth meters (7(9 Total P Mga/L Station 5282; July 16; latitude 54°03' N., longitude 55°04' W.; depth 161 meters 0 25.17 26.02 26.46 26.59 26.74 26.93 0.60 26 . .. 0.68 61 1.06 77 103 1.01 0.76 144 1.00 Station 5283; July 16; latitude 54°14' N., longitude 64°56' W.; depth 174 meters 0 25.24 25.68 26.39 26.55 26.71 26.97 0.58 25 0.55 51... 0.64 76 . 1.05 101 1.05 152 1.00 Station 5284; July 16; latitude 54°31' N., longitude 54°24' W.; depth 225 meters 0 25.24 26.32 26.57 26.73 26.90 27.10 27.25 0.66 25 0.80 50 76__ 101. 151 0.98 1.00 0.87 0.94 202 1.07 Station 5285; July 16; latitude 54°48' N., longitude 53°54' W.; depth 327 meters 0 25... 50. 75 25.04 26.67 27.10 27. 26 27.31 27.51 27.56 27.68 0.69 0.68 0.99 0.87 101 0.94 151 201 1.01 1.02 302. 1.01 Station 5286; July 16; latitude 54°53< N., longitude 53°40' W.; depth 631 meters 0 25.75 27.11 27.25 27.36 27.43 27.50 27.59 27.66 27.69 27.71 0.63 25 50 0.79 0.82 75 0.88 100... 150 0.88 0.88 201 0.91 301 393 1.05 1.04 595 1.06 Station 5287; July 16; latitude 54°59' N., longitude 53°26'W.; depth 1,582 meters 0 26.81 27.10 27.41 27.57 27.61 27.67 27.70 27.74 27.75 27.76 27.77 27.77 27.78 0.58 25 0.53 51 0.64 76 0.82 102 0.93 153 0.95 204 0.95 306 0.99 369 1.06 590 1.03 798 1.08 1,010 1,542.. 1.06 1.03 Depth meters atO Total P Mga/L Station 5288; July 16; latitude 55°04' N., longitude 53°17' W.; depth 2,195 meters 0 25.... 50.... 74.... 99... 149... 198... 297... 382-.. 597... 812... 1,031. 1,495. 1,963. 26.87 27.28 27.60 27.64 27.69 27.72 27.73 27.75 27.74 27.76 27.77 27.79 27.81 0.47 0.52 0.71 0.77 1.00 1.02 1.01 1.05 1.00 1.00 0.95 0.98 1.07 1.09 Station 5289; July 17; latitude 55°12.5' N., longitude 52°56' W.; depth 2,926 meters 0 26.92 27.22 27.51 27.65 27.68 27.72 27.73 27.75 27.75 27.77 27.78 27.78 27.79 27.83 27.86 27.91 0.67 25 0.68 50 0.85 75 - . 1.00 99 1.04 149 1.14 199 1.05 298 1.15 397 1.17 621 1.10 859 1.15 1,074 1,551 2,029 2,431 2,730 1.14 1.22 1.16 1.16 1.11 Station 5290; July 17; latitude 55°26' N., longitude 52°30' W.; depth 3,182 meters 0 26.73 27.03 27.50 27.63 27.68 27.72 27.74 27.74 27.75 27.76 27.78 27.78 27.78 0.74 27 0.58 53 1.05 80 1.11 106 1.29 161. 1.29 214 1.21 320 1.28 308 1.30 497. 1.12 706 1.20 940 1,374 1,836 1.15 1.06 1.12 1.706 2,136 2,537. 27.79 27.83 27.86 0.98 1.13 1.04 137 TOTAL PHOSPHORUS DATA COLLECTED IN 1952— Continued Depth meters ffi9 Total P Mga/L Station 5291; July 17-18; latitude 55°58' N., longitude 51°52' W.; depth 3,365 meters 0 26.80 26.80 27.41 27.53 27.61 27.68 27.73 27.74 27.77 27.78 27.79 27.79 27.79 27.83 27.83 27.88 27.91 0.60 27 .-. 0.54 53 0.83 80 -. 0.97 106 1.03 160 1.18 214 0.98 320 1.24 490 1.15 776 1.09 1,080. 1,310 1,789 2,270 2,354 - 2,979-- 3,264 1.24 1.02 1.22 1.13 1.20 1.14 1.06 Station 5292; July 18; latitude 56°29' N., longitude 50°42' W.; depth 3,548 meters 0 26.91 26.92 26.93 27.22 27.51 27.59 27.64 27.70 27.74 27.75 27.77 27.78 27.78 27.80 27.84 27.89 27.91 0.70 23 0.73 45 0.97 68 0.90 90 1.10 135 -.. 1.18 181- 1.19 271 1.17 381 1.26 598 1.16 819 1.24 1,042 1,511- 1,987 2,536 3,012- 3,450 1.24 1.16 1.14 1.03 1.13 1.05 Station 6293; July 19; latitude 56°57.5' N., longitude 49°33' W.; depth 3,603 meters 0 27.00 27.00 27.11 27.55 27.59 27.67 27.69 27.74 27.81 27.85 27.89 0.67 25 0.66 50 0.79 75 1.11 100 0.80 148 1.15 198 1.12 298 1.17 2,436- 2,859-- 3,325 1.30 1.29 1.13 Depth meters o,e Total P Mga/L Station 5294; July 19; latitude 57°30' N., longitude 48°23' W.; depth 3,402 meters 0 .. 27.19 27.21 27.22 27.41 27.60 27.66 1.02 24 1.08 47 1.10 71-- 1.15 94 1.27 142-.- 1.18 189 1.23 283 27.72 27.73 27.74 27.73 27.75 27.76 27.78 27.79 27.83 27.87 1.39 321 1.34 499 .. . 1.29 685. 874. 1,328 1,837. 1,922 2,363 2,770 1.34 1.24 1.40 1..36 1.49 1.38 1.31 Station 5295; July 19; latitude 58°05' N., longitude 47°14' W.; depth 3,237 meters 0 27.15 27.19 27.48 27.58 27.65 27.68 27. 69 27.72 27.75 27.74 27.75 27.75 27.78 27.82 27.87 27.92 1.06 27. 1.04 53 . 1.14 80 1.04 106 1.35 160 1.36 213 1.35 319 1.17 423 1.31 647 1.27 875 1,103 1,582 2,060 2,615 3.063 1.46 1.32 1.33 1.35 1.29 1.25 Station 5296; July 20; latitude 58°39' N., longitude 46°12' W.; depth 2,698 meters 0 27.08 27.15 27. 32 27.52 27.64 27.63 27.71 27.74 27.74 27.76 0.84 25 0.87 50 0.90 75 1.01 100 1.23 150 1.19 200 1.18 300 1.19 400 1.16 625 1.15 854 1.12 1,080 1,581.. 2,038 2,517 27.77 27.78 27.82 27.89 1.10 1.10 1.14 1.03 Depth meters aid Total P /iga/L Station 5297; July 20; latitude 58° 59.5' N., longitude 45°31' W.; depth 2,469 meters 0 27.21 27.24 27.38 27.55 27.62 27.63 27.67 27.68 27.71 27.71 27.74 27.76 27.77 27.81 27.87 0.82 25 0.82 50 - 0.87 76 0.95 101 1.22 151 . 1.18 201 1.13 302 1.15 403.. 560 1.29 1.25 704 1.18 855... 1,294 1,753 2,238 0.92 1.20 0.97 1.04 Station 5298; July 20; latitude 59°13' N., longitude 44°58' W.; depth 1,975 meters 0 27.08 27.13 27.21 27.36 27.42 27.53 27.56 27.58 27.60 27.65 27.68 27.71 27.75 27.79 0.87 19 0.91 37 0.87 56 0.94 74 0.96 Ill 1.00 148. 1.05 222 1.12 311 1.19 456 1.09 600 1.24 758 1.19 1,190 1,731.. 1.18 1.19 Station 5299; July 20; latitude 59°19.5' N., longitude 44°30' W.; depth 1,188 meters 0 27.03 27.10 27.25 27.36 27.39 27.49 27.54 27.59 27.63 27.66 27.72 27.75 0.90 28 0.82 55 0.80 82 0.97 109 1.01 165 1.11 219 1.17 328 1.14 432 1.33 649 1.37 868 1.44 1,087 1.46 Station 5300; July 20; latitude 59°33' N., longitude 44°07' W.; depth 171 meters 0 25.54 25.69 25.92 26.42 26.88 27.32 0.87 29 0.79 58 0.80 87 0.80 115 0.95 173 0.90 138 U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICEl I9SI U. S. TREASURY DEPARTMENT - COAST GUARD BULLETIN No. 40 INTERNATIONAL ICE OBSERVATION AND ICE PATROL SERVICE IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN - [ TIT/ ] Marine Biological Laboratory X. 1 33 HA. It -ST DECl:: ]y65 WOODS HOLE, MASS. J U. S. TREASURY DEPARTMENT COAST GUARD Bulletin No. 40 INTERNATIONAL ICE OBSERVATION AND ICE PATROL SERVICE IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN A. J. BUSH J. E. MURRAY FLOYD M. SOULE CG-188-9 Season of 1954 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1935 UNITED STATES COAST GUARD ADDRESS REPLY TO: COMMANDANT U. S. COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON 25, D. C. Washington, D. C, 26 April 1955. Transmitted herewith is Bulletin No. 40, International Ice Observation and Ice Patrol Service in the North Atlantic Ocean, Season of 1954. ^ 'f'4^./L. < A. C. Richmond Vice, Admiral, U. S. Coast Guard Commandant Dist. (SDL No. 60) A: a aa b c d e f (LAUREL, COWSLIP, EVERGREEN, CACTUS only i (1) e (5); b c (2); d gl m (1) a b c(l) h (10); c e(l) d (35) B: C: D: E: List 133 (Hi) ABSTRACT The authority for, mission and method of carr3nng out the mission of the International Ice Patrol are described. The forces assigned to Commander, International Ice Patrol, for the 1954 ice season are listed. Recommendations made by Commander, International Ice Patrol in connection with the A^ortli Atlantic Track Agreement tracks are set forth. The aerial ice observation conducted by the International Ice Patrol and communications with shipping and certain agencies ashore are described in detail. Tables of statistics concerning these opera- tions are presented. Ice conditions during 1954 in the waters off Newfoundland are portrayed. Ice reports received by the International Ice Patrol are shown in tabular form and also by means of monthly ice charts. The 1954 ice season in the Grand Banks area was marked by a return to fairly average berg conditions after three successive light ice years. About 312 bergs drifted south of the 48tli parallel during the season as compared with 404, the average annual number for the period 1900-53. With respect to pack ice the season was briefer than normal, and the pack did not reach south of the 47th parallel at any tune. In the Gulf of St. Lawrence and St. Lawrence River the pack ice broke earlier than usual. Except for the Strait of Belle Isle, all the gulf and river routes were clear by 22 April. The Strait of Belle Isle was open to all shipping on 22 June, although caution was advised because of a scattering of bergs in the strait. The description of the berg distribution appearing under Ice Condi- tions 1954, is supplemented in the section on oceanography m which the surface circulation in the Grand Banks region has been discussed on the basis of four dynamic topographic surveys made between 1 April and 2 July. The circulation in the upper 1,000 meters has been presented in greater detail based on the consideration of the volume transport, mean temperature, minimum temperature, and heat transport of the Labrador Current found during 19 occupations of 8 selected sections across that current. Tlie values found have been compared with seasonal normals wdiere such normals are available. The temperature-salinity relationships characteristic of Labrador Current water, mixed water, and Atlantic Current water found in the (v) Grand Banks region in 1954 have been compared with the 8-year means for the period 1934-41. Three more surveys were added to the material available for the study of the relationship between the position of the cold wall in the Grand Banks region, the strength of the Labrador Current and the strength of the North Atlantic eddy as indicated by the difference in sea level between Bermuda and Charleston. The large postwar fluctuations in the mean sea level of these stations have been noted as possible causes of the poor agreement of postwar observations with the relationship developed for the prewar observations. The repetition of the section across the Labrador Sea from South Wolf Island to Cape Farewell has been reported upon and the excep- tionally vigorous circulation noted. The absence of contributions to the West Greenland Current by the Irminger Current continued in 1954, although the heat transport of the West Greenland Current was abnormally high through more direct contributions from the North Atlantic edd}'. A group of three sections disposed in a triangular array southeast of Cape Farewell and occupied during the 1954 postseason cruise has been examined and the results presented. The southward and east- ward recurvature of the Irminger Current and a part of the East Greenland Current verifies the circulation pattern deduced from the Labrador Sea section, and the separation of the Labrador Sea from the circulation east of Cape Farewell is in accord with the larger numbers of East Greenland bergs recently found in positions excep- tionally far to the south-southeast of Cape Farewell. The distribution of total phosphorus found in the section across the Labrador Sea and the Greenland triangle in 1954 has been presented and the phosphorus-density relationships have been examined, leading to the conclusion that total phosphorus is not sufficiently conservative to be useful as a water mass tracer in this region. (vi) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Foreword ix International Ice Patrol 1954 1 Aerial Ice Observation 5 Communications 6 Ice Conditions, 1954 7 Table of Ice Reports, 1954 12 Physical Oceanography of Grand Banks Region and the Labrador Sea in 1954 79 (vii) FOREWORD This bulletin is one of a series of annual reports on the International Ice Observation and Ice Patrol Service. Authors of the section of this bulletin dealing with oceanography were Oceanographer Floyd M. Soule and Lt. J. E. Murray. The re- mainder was written by Lt. Comdr. A. J. Bush, USCG. (ix) INTERNATIONAL ICE PATROL, 1954 The United States Coast Guard performed the International Ice Observation and Ice Patrol Service for 1954 in accordance with the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1948, and the U. S. Code, Title 46, Sections 738-738d. The mission of the International Ice Patrol to afford protection to shipping in the North Atlantic sealanes from the danger of drifting ice was again carried out by collecting ice information from all available sources, including own forces assigned, evaluating that information in the light of available oceanographic and meteorological data (to esti- mate ice drift and mortality rate) and dissemuiating to mariners up- to-date information on the ice situation and routes recommended to avoid ice. To the same end, a scientific program was conducted dealing with the distribution and drift of ice in the North Atlantic Ocean, the causes thereof, and devices for the detection and identifi- cation of ice under conditions of poor visibilit}". To accomplish his mission. Commander, International Ice Patrol, Capt. G. Van A. Graves, USCG, was assigned a staff of 3 officers and 14 enlisted men; radio and landline communication facilities and office space at Argentia, Newfoundland; aircraft support provided by the United States Coast Guard Search and Rescue Group at Argentia; two patrol cutters, U. S. C. G. cutter Acushnet and U. S. C. G. cutter Androscoggin; and an oceanographic survey vessel, U. S. C. G. cutter Evergreen. In view of the efficiency of the aerial ice observation per- formed by the International Ice Patrol and the disposition of the ice, it was deemed unnecessary to have a surface patrol, and therefore the two patrol cutters remained on standby in the United States through- out the ice season. Following past practice, a series of preseason ice reconnaissance flights was made by the United States Coast Guard Air Detachment, Argentia, Newfoundland, to determine when Commander, Inter- national Ice Patrol, should move his office and staff to Argentia and commence operations. Late in January several bergs were discovered by this reconnaissance off the east coast of Newfoundland between latitudes 48° N. and 49° N. in positions where they might soon be carried south by the Labrador Current and endanger the major trans- atlantic shipping lanes. On the basis of this information the Inter- national Service of Ice Observation for 1954 was begun with an ice observation flight on 6 February. Part of the International Ice Patrol 1 staff arrived al Argentia 9 February to establish and organize the ice patrol office and radio station. The Commander, International Ice Patrol, and the remainder of his staff arrived at Argentia 13 February. Broadcast of twice-daily ice bulletins to mariners by the United States Coast Guard Radio Argentia (NIK) was commenced on 17 February. In addition, there was initiated transmission via the teletype net of twice-daily ice reports to the United States Hydro- grapliic Office, Washington, D. C, the Canadian Department of Transport, Halifax, N. S., and the Royal Canadian Navy Radio Station at Albro Lake, N. S., for inclusion in the ice information dis- seminated by those agencies. During the 1954 ice season, the International Ice Patrol depended mainly on the following sources for ice information: (a) Ice observation flights were made by the International Ice Patrol aircraft operating out of Argentia as frequently as weather conditions and the number of available aircraft permitted. These flights were planned to scout all the ice-infested area in the vicinity of the Grand Banks and off the east coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador as far north as was necessary to guard against the unde- tected encroachment of ice into the steamer tracks in use. (6) Reports were solicited and received from ships and aircraft sighting ice. In addition to reporting any ice sighted, all ships be- tween latitudes 39° N. and 49° N. and longitudes 42° W. and 60° W. were requested to report their position, course, speed, sea surface temperature, visibility, weather and sea conditions every 4 hours to Commander, International Ice Patrol. As in the past, the Interna- tional Ice Patrol relied heavily on these reports, and cooperation b}^ shipping was excellent. (c) During the months of March and April, the Canadian Depart- ment of Transport made ice reconnaissance flights in the Gulf of St. Lawrence area and forwarded the results to Commander, Inter- national Ice Patrol, via the teletype net. (d) Ice conditions off the east coast of Canada north of New- foundland and off the west coast of Greenland were described in frequent reports received from the L^nited States Hydrographic Office. The ice information received by the International Ice Patrol was evaluated with respect to drift and mortality rate in order to — (a) Eliminate from the NIK ice bulletins old reports of ice judged with certainty to have melted; (b) Eliminate from the NIK ice bulletins old reports of bergs de- duced with certainty to be identical with newly reported bergs; (c) Allow for the probable drift of ice in planning ice observation flights to relocate that ice; (d) Advise shipping to proceed with caution or to divert from estabUshed routes in areas not recently scouted, but in which the presence of ice was considered possible or probable on the basis of old reports and estimated drift; (e) Recommend unscheduled shifts in the North Atlantic Track Agreement tracks when advisable; and (/) Decide when to commence and susjjend ice patrol operations at Argentia. Estimates of ice drift and mortality rates were obtained by the use of the current charts constructed from data collected on the four oceanographic surveys made during the ice season by U. S. C. G. cutter Evergreen in critical parts of the ice patrol area/ the sea surface isotherm charts prepared semimonthly from the sea surface temperatures reported by shipping, and the wind (hita furnished by the United States Fleet Weather Central at Argentia. The current charts and isotherm charts for the 1954 ice season are shown in figures 15, 16, 18, 19, and 1 to 9, respectively. The 1954 ice season in the Grand Banks area was marked by a re- turn to fairly average berg conditions after three successive light ice years. Three hundred and twelve bergs drifted south of latitude 48° N. during 1954 as compared with 6 in 1951, 14 in 1952, 56 in 1953, and 404, the average annual numl)er for the period 1900-53. The most southerly position reached by any berg was 39°51' N., 48°30' W., on 1 June. With respect to field ice the season was briefer than normal, and the pack did not reach south of latitude 47° N. at any time. In the Gulf of St. Lawrence and St. Lawrence River, the pack ice broke earlier than usual, and the fii'st ship reached Montreal via Cabot Strait on 30 March. By 22 April all the gulf and river routes were clear except the Strait of Belle Isle. The pack concentration in the Strait of Belle Isle was reduced suf- ficiently by 11 June to permit the passage of ice-protected vessels. By 22 June the pack concentration was low enough for unprotected vessels to proceed through the strait with caution, and to the east of the strait Track G was clear of field ice. However, many bergs were scattered throughout the strait and along Track G as far east as the 1,000-fatliom curve at that time and until the end of the ice season. Between the first of the year and 7 March, several bergs were re- ported lying over 300 miles to the east and southeast of Cape Farewell. This unusual situation made for an unexpected hazard in the more northerly Atlantic shipping lanes and prompted an oceanographic survey to be made in the area to the east and southeast of Cape Farewell. Results of the survey are set forth elsewhere in this bulletin. Details of the ocpanographic program aro ^dveii elsewhere in this l)ulletin. Because of ice conditions during the season, several recommenda- tions in connection with the North Atlantic Track Agreement tracks were made by Commander, International Ice Patrol, viz: (a) On 25 February a recommendation was made to shift United States-European shipping from Track C to Track B because of a number of bergs drifting south along the east slope of the Grand Banks. This recommendation was concurred in by the North Atlan- tic Track Agreement operators, and Track B was made effective on 26 February. (6) On 26 February shipping using Canadian Track D was ad- vised to divert so as to pass 20 miles south of all known ice (as given in the NIK ice bulletins). This distance was increased to 40 miles on 27 February and to 60 miles on 1 March to allow for drift of the bergs along the east slope of the Grand Banks pending the relocation of those bergs. This diversion was shown to be no longer necessary by aerial scouting on 6 March, and shipping was duly notified. (c) Canadian Track E became effective on 11 April, and ships using that route were advised to cross longitude 45° W. in latitude 46°30' N. westbound and 46°00' N. eastbound to avoid field ice and bergs in the vicinity of Flemisli Cap. On 10 May this diversion was eliminated, although caution between longitudes 45° W. and 52° W. was advised because of several bergs lying along the track in that area. (d) Due to the presence of bergs near the Tail of the Banks on 24 June, a recommendation was made that Track B remain in force after 1 July, the scheduled date for Track C to become effective, until further notice. The North Atlantic Track Agreement operators con- curred, and shipping was notified accordingly. Track C was made effective on 13 July by the North Atlantic Track Agreement operators when informed by Commander, International Ice Patrol, that no threat to Track C remained. During the period 1-12 July, effective aerial scouting was con- ducted in the area south and southeast of the Tail of the Banks, along the east slope of the Grand Banks, and between the east coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador and the 1,000-fathom curve as far north as latitude 54°30' N. No bergs remained which could threaten the major transatlantic shipping lanes during 1954. Therefore, the International Ice Observation and Ice Patrol Service for 1954 was terminated 16 July. However, at the request of Commander, Inter- national Ice Patrol, the United States Coast Guard Air Detachment at Argentia periodically made postseason ice reconnaissance flights covering the Labrador Current off the east coast of Newfoundland to prevent the undetected drift of any stray berg into the shipping lanes. 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° Figure 1. — Surface isotherms for the period 17-28 February 1954. 46° 45° 44° 43° 342128 O - 55(Face p. 4 No. 1) Because o tions in com were made t (a) On 25 States-Euro] number of 1 Banks. Th tic Track A 26 February (6) On 2( vised to div in the NIK on 27 Febri bergs along of those bei by aerial sc< (c) Cana< using that 46°30' N. V bergs in the eliminated, was advise< area. (d) Due June, a re* after 1 Jul> further not curred, an( effective or when infoi tln^eat to 1 During ducted in along the ( of Newfou north as la the major Internatio: terminatec national I' at Argent covering t prevent th 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° . 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° 54 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° Figure 2. — Surface isotherms for the period 1-15 March 1954. 46° 45° 44° 43° 342128 O - 55( Face p.4 No. 2) Because o tions in com were made 1: (a) On 21 States-Euro- number of Banks. Th tic Track A 26 February (6) On 2i vised to div in the NIK on 27 Febri bergs along of those be] by aerial so (c) Cana using that 46°30' N. ^ bergs in th( eliminated, was advise area. {d) Due June, a re after 1 Jul; further not curred, an effective oi when info threat to ''- During ducted in along the of Newfoi north as h the major Internatio terminate national ] at Argent covering t prevent tl 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° Figure 3.— Surface isotherms for the period 16-31 March 1954. 44° 43° 342128 O - 55( Face p. 4 No. 3) Because ( tions in con were made 1 (a) On 2i States-Euro number of Banks. Tli tic Track A 26 February (b) On 2 vised to div in the NIK on 27 Febri bergs along of those be] by aerial sc (c) Can a using that 46°30' N. \ bergs in th( eliminated, was advise area, (d) Due June, a re after 1 Jub further not curred, an* effective oi when infoi threat to 1 During ducted in along the i of Newfoi north as h the major Internatio terminatci national I at Argent covering t prevent tl 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43' Figure 4. — Surface isotherms for the period 1-15 April 1954 Because tions in cc were mad» (a) On States-Eu number o Banks. 1 tic Track 26 Februa (b) On vised to d in the NI on 27 Fel bergs aloii of those h by aerial i (c) Car using tha 46°30' N. bergs in t eliminatec was ad vis area. (d) Du' June, a r after 1 Ju further nc curred, ai effective c when inf( threat to During ducted in along the of Newfo north as 1 the majo Internati< terminate national at Argen covering prevent t 51° 50° 49° Figure 5. — Surface isotherms for the period 16-30 April 1954. 44° 43° 342128 O - 55( Face p. 4 No. 5) Becau tions in were ma (a) O States-E number Banks, tic Trac 26 Febr ib) O vised to in the I on 27 F bergs al of those by aerie (c) C using tl 46°30' : bergs in ehmina was ad area. id) r June, a after 1 further curred, effectiv when i threat Duri ducted along t of Nev north 8 the ma Interns termin nation; at Arg coverir preven 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° Figure 6.— Surface isotherms for the period 1-15 May 1954. 44° 43° 342 IZS O - 55( Face p. 4 No. 6) Beca tions ii were ir (a) ( States- numbe Banks, tic Trc^ 26 Feb vised t in the on 27 bergs { of tho5 bv aer \c) < using 46°30' bergs i elimin; was a( area. (d) June, after 1 furthe curred effecti when threat Dui ducte( along of Ne north the m Interr termii natioi at Ar cover; preve 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44' 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° Figure 7. — Surface isotherms for the period 16-31 May 1954. 44° 43° 342128 O - 55( Face p. 4 No. 7) Be tions were (a) State numl Banl- tic 1 26 F visec in tl on 2 berg; of tt by a usinj 46°3 berg elim was area JlUK afte furt curr effe< whe thre E due alor of I nor the lni> ten nat at cov pre 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51' 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° Figure 8. — Surface isotherms for the period 1-15 June 1954. 44° 43° 342128 O - 55(Face p. 4 No. 8) B tion wer( (« Stat nuir Ban tic ' 26 I (l vise in t on : berj of t by (' usii 46° ber. elin wae are ( Jur aft' fur cur eff( wh thi ] du alo of no th. In tei na at CO pr 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52' 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° 342128 O - 55( Face p. 4 No. 9) Figure 9. — Surface isotherms for the period 16-30 June 1954. AERIAL ICE OBSERVATION During the 1954 ice season, 84 ice observation flights were made. The average flight duration was 8.4 hours, and the average distance flown was 1,190 miles per flight. Two PBlG (B-17)-type aircraft, supplemented occasionally by UF-type aircraft, were utilized for these flights. The ice observation flights were planned to locate the southeastern, southern and southwestern berg limits and field ice limits in the Grand Banks area and to scout upstream from those limits to determine tlie positions of bergs and the extent, concentration, and geograpliical distribution of field ice which endangered, potentially or actually, the shipping lanes. The usual flight plan covering tlie area to be scouted was a system of parallel lines spaced at 25-mile intervals. Because of the high frequency of poor visibility conditions in the scouting areas, it was necessar}' to keep well informed of weather conditions in order to choose da3^s on which flights would be visually efl^ective for ice obser- vation. The weather forecasting service provided by the United States Fleet Weather Central at Argentia and the regular four hourly weather reports made to Commander, International Ice Patrol, by ships in the ice patrol area were of very great value in this connection. As mentioned previously, allowance was made for the probable drift of ice in planning ice observation flights to relocate that ice. Most of the ice observation flights covered such large areas that it was unusual for visibility conditions to be good over the entire search area, and where visibility was restricted a radar search was carried out. There are, however, certain disadvantages to a radar search. First, small bergs or growlers may escape detection. Second, to distinguish between berg and nonberg radar targets it is necessary for the plane to divert from her search plan to close the range within the limit of visibility. A number of such diversions may use up so much plane fuel that part of the search plan must be deleted. Third, if the ceiling is too low, a radar target may not be identified at all.- Never- theless, radar is a powerful aid to ice observation and has detected many a berg which might not have been discovered by visual means alone. It is also very useful in fixing the positions of bergs found visually. A qualified observer was carried on each flight. He was responsible for plotting all ice sighted and recording berg sizes and descriptions and field ice concentrations. Berg descriptions, in written or sketched form, were useful in identif3'ing bergs when they were relocated on subsequent flights. The ice observer worked closely with the plane navigator, who had at his disposal two automatic-tracking loran receivers as well as the usual equipment for celestial and dead reckon- ing navigation. 2 Unsuccessful tests were conducted with an airborne radiation tliermomet er for tlie purpose of distinguish- ing between berg and nonberg radar targets under conditions of poor visibility. Flight statistics for the season are given in the following table: Table l.-AERIAL ICE OBSERVATION STATISTICS FOR THE 1 954 ICE^EASON 701. 6 COMMUNICATIONS Commander, International Ice Patrol communicated -itl-l^iPP;;!^ during the 1954 ice season via United States Coast Guard Rad o Argentia (NIK), and with various interested agencies ashore via the 'tTbTetins were broadcast twice daily at 0048 and 1248 a M. T on 155 5320, and 8502 kilocycles after a preliminary call on 500 kilo- cyc es Eack bulletm was broadcast twice, the first time at 15 word pe minute followed, after a 2-minute interval, by the second broadcas a 25 words per minute. An automatic keying device was used on these broadcasts. Special safety messages were broadcast on 500 kilocycles whenever it was imprudent to hold recently acquired ice information until the next regularly scheduled bulletin was seirt^ Ice reports were sent twice daily at 0030 and 1230 G. AI T via the teletype net to the United States Hydrographic Office Washmgton, DC the Canadian Department of Transport, Halifax, N. S., and the Royal Canadian Navy Radio Station at Albro Lake, N. b^ Merchant vessels communicated with Umted States Coast Guard Raifo Argentia (NIK) by calling on 500 kilocycles o^ their assign^ 8-megacycle calling frequency and workmg on 425, 454, 468, oi 480 kilocvcles or their assigned 8-megacycle working frequency, NIK worked on 432 or 8460 kilocycles. UnHline NIK sent or received 16,485 radio messages and 25,577 landline messages during the 1954 ice season. Statistics concerning the reports received during the season are as follows: Number of ice reports received from vessels b ^^^ Number of vessels furnishing ice reports ^ ^^^ Number of sea surface temperatures received ' Number of vessels furnishing sea surface temperatures ^^^ Number of vessels requesting special information Number of weather reports relayed to Observer, Washmgton..._- b 271 Total number of vessels worked The percentage distribution of reporting vessels bv nationality is as follows: Great Britain 25 t: u. s. A :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 20: ? Germany q „ Norway ' ~~ '^ ^ Netherlands r. . Sweden en 6.0 Italy o " Canada 2o France __ 2 o Panama 2« Denmark 2 q Spain 2 i Others (12 nations) _ ^g ICE CONDITIONS, 1954 JANUARY The first ice reported in 1954 to the International Ice Patrol was a large berg in 52° 16' N., 51°43' W., on 3 Janiiarj^ No bergs were re- ported south of latitude 52° N. until the 22d, on which date a small berg was reported in 51°32' N., 50°3r W. A preseason reconnais- sance flight on the 25th found approximately 16 bergs and numerous growlers scattered off the east coast of Newfoundland between lati- tudes 48° N. and 52° N., and between the 100- and 1,000-fathom curves. Subsequent reports received during this month indicated a southerly to southeasterly movement of these bergs. Only one berg drifted south of the 48th parallel during Januarv and was reported on the 31st in 47°50' N., 52°24' W. On the 8th a berg was reported unusually far to the east of Cape Farewell, Greenland, in 59°30' A\, 33°23' W. On 15 Januar}^ scattered sea ice formations extended eastward from Cape Freels, Newfoundland, to the 52d meridian. From that time to the end of January the amount of sea ice south of latitude 52° N. increased. By the 31st scattered to heavy concentrations of sea ice reached as far south as latitude 48°30' N. and as far east as the 49th meridian. FEBRUARY The southerly movement of bergs during January continued in February. Numerous bergs drifted south of latitude 52° N. All of these remained inside the 1,000-fathom curve east of Newfoundland, except eight bergs in the area bounded by latitudes 48°30' N. and 49°56' N. and longitudes 46°50' W. and 48°10' W. About 16 bergs traveled south of the 48th parallel during the month. Fourteen of these were found on the 24tli scattered rouglily along the 100-fathom curve on the eastern slope of the Grand Banks as far south as latitude 342128—55 2 7 45°44' N. Tlie other two were located on the 23d in the vicinity of Flemish Cap in positions 47°0r N., 43°45' W., and 47°15' N., 45°50' W. Four bergs were observed on the 20th west of longitude 52° W. and between the 48th and 49th parallels. Three bergs were reported on the 22d in positions unusually far to the southeast. of Cape Farewell, Greenland. Two of these were in 57°39' N., 36°12' W., and the other in 57°45' N., 36°11' W. Throughout February the field ice limits in the Grand Banks area advanced to the south and southeast. The last week of the month found a tongue of scattered to broken field ice projecting south along the eastern slope of the Grand Banks to latitude 46°12' N. between longitudes 46°30' W. and 48°00' W. West of this tongue the southern limit of the field ice lay I'oughly along latitude 47°50' N. to the coast of Newfoundland. A vessel steaming across Cabot Strait on the 22d encountered scattered to broken field ice from 47°50' N., 59°25' W., south to Cape Breton. The distribution of ice reported during February is shown graphic- ally in figure 10. MARCH During March there was no appreciable southward advance of the berg limits established in February. The most southerly position attained by any berg in March was 45°36' N., 47°34' W., on the 19th. There was, however, a movement which carried a number of bergs well to the east of the northeastern edge of the Grand Banks. In the last half of the month bergs were scattered between the 48th and 49th parallels from the east coast of Newfoundland as far east as longitude 42°05' W. A number of other bergs were found between Flemish Cap and the 100-fathom curve on the eastern slope of the Grand Baidvs between latitudes 45°36' N. and 48°00' N. Approxi- mately 47 bergs drifted south of the 48th parallel during the month. Nine bergs were reported early in March in positions east-southeast to east of Cape Farewell, 280 to 400 miles distant. Tliese bergs were well outside the usual limits for that area. In the Grand Banks area the field ice limits receded nortliward dui'ing March from those established in tlie last week of the preceding month. By the 28th the limits roughly approximated a line from Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, to 48° N., 51° W., thence due cast to longitude 47°17' W., thence north-northwest. March saw the breakup of the pack in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and St. I^awrence River. On 7 March the major steamer track to Montreal via Cabot Strait was obstructed by light to moderate con- centrations of field ice between Cabot Strait and Fame Point. West of Fame Point the river was covered by close pack and was not navigable. By the 18th this route was cpiite clear of ice between Cabot Strait and Fame Point, but west of Fame Point the river was still closed to navigation except for local river shipping. The decrease of the pack concentration in the St. Lawrence River in the last half of March permitted a transatlantic ship to reach Montreal on the 30th. Throughout the last 3 weeks of March the area within 60 miles of the east coast of Cape Breton Island was encumbered ]\v scattered to heav}^ concentrations of field ice which had drifted out of the Gulf of St. Lawrence through Cabot Strait. The distribution of ice reported in March is shown graphically in figure 1 1 . APRIL By far, more bergs were carried into the Grand Banks area during April than in any other month of 1954, and the berg limits advanced somewhat to the south and southeast. In the first half of the month numerous bergs entered the area bounded by the 48th and 49th parallels, the coast of Newfoundland, and the 43d meridian. Ap- proximately 165 bergs drifted south of the 48th parallel in this month. By the last week in April the majority of tliese bergs were distributed along the northeast slope of the Grand Banks between the 50- and 1,000-fathom curves and along the east slope of the Grand Banks between the 46th and 48th meridians as far south as latitude 45°20' N.; 4 bergs were found about 80 miles south of Flemish Cap, about 8 more lay in the sector within 60 miles and northwest to east-northeast of Flemish Cap, and 4 were located quite close inshore near Cape St. Francis, Newfoundland. On the 28th a berg was reported in 44°20' N., 48°18' W., the most southerly position attained by any ice in the month. The field ice limits in the Grand Banks area advanced to the south and east during the first week in April, and although they did not reach the extreme southerly limits for the season established in February in latitude 46°12' N. on the east slope of the Grand Banks, they attained the extreme easterly limits for the season in longitude 45°30' W. at the 48tli parallel. From the latter point the field ice limits on 5 April ran south-southwest to latitude 47°12' N., thence roughly along a straight line to Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland. For the rest of the month the field ice limits receded toward the north and west. By the end of the month no field ice was present south of latitude 47°25' N. or east of longitude 47°15' W., and the only field ice remaining south of the 48th parallel was a light concentration on the northeast slope of the Grand Banks. Scattered field ice encumbered the major shipping track in the Gulf of St. Lawrence from Cabot Strait to Fame Point during the first week in April, and the river route from Fame Point to Montreal passed through light to moderate concentrations of pack ice which were steadily reduced as the month wore on. On the 22d all the gulf and river routes were clear of ice except for the route through the Strait of Belle Isle. Scattered field ice persisted in the area within 60 miles of the east coast of Cape Breton Island until the 19th, after which date the area was clear. Distribution of ice reported in April is shown graphically in figure 12. MAY The month of May was marked by a pronounced shift in the path followed by the majority of bergs entering the Grand Banks region and the drift of three bergs well to the south-southeast of the Tail of the Banks. Prior to May most of the bergs which came south of the 48th parallel skirted the northeast slope of the Grand Banks and were subsequently to be found on or east of the east slope of the Grand Banks. Of the estirnated 65 bergs which drifted south of the 48th parallel during May, the large majority went aground in posi- tions distributed over the entire northern half of the Grand Banks and along the east and south coasts of the Avalon Peninsula where they eventually melted.'^ Three bergs traveled southward along the entire length of the east slope of the Grand Banks and beyond. The last reports received in May on the positions of these three bergs were as follows: one berg reported on the 27th in 41°45' N., 49°10° W.; one reported on the 28th in 42°07' N., 48°51' W. ; and one reported on the 31st in 40°02' N., 48°30' W., the most southerly position reached by any ice thus far in the season. During the first 3 weeks in May approximately" 12 bergs were located in the area boimcled by the east slope of the Grand Banks, the 45th meridian, and the 44tli and 47th parallels. The most easterly ice reported in the month was a berg on the 20th in 44°43' N., 44°07' W. No field ice was reported south of the 49tli parallel in May. The field ice limits continued to retreat to the north and west for the rest of the ice season. The Strait of Belle Isle route remained closed to shipping through- out the month. Distribution of ice reported in May is shown graphically in figure 13. JUNE The number of bergs in the Grand Banks region diminished greatly in June. jVIost of the bergs which had stranded in the first half of May on the northern half of the Grand Banks and along the coasts of the Avalon Peninsula melted before the end of the first week in June. Of the three bergs located south-southeast of the Tail of the Banks in the last week in May, only one lasted until June and was sighted s The probable cause for the westward shift of berp path just described was the strong easterly wind component which prevailed along the east coast of Newfoundland during the first 9 days of May in contrast to the westerly component which prevailed from the start of the ice season to the last of April. 10 on 1 June in 39°51' N., 48°30' W., the most southerly position reached by any ice in 1954. This berg melted completely by 4 June. Approx- imately 16 bergs drifted south of the 48th parallel in the month. All but one of these went agroinid off the east or south coasts of the Ava- lon Peninsula. The other traveled southeast along the northeast slope of the Grand Banks as far as 46°30' N., 47°10' W., before it melted. Until the 19th, 3 or 4 bergs were to be found scattered along the east slope of the Grand Banks between the 44th and 48th parallels, but during the remainder of June no bergs were located in that area. Four bergs which drifted south to the vicinity of the Tail of the Banks were reported as follows: on 1 June, one berg in 43°00' N., 47°29' W.; on 6 June, one berg in 41°22' N., 49°35' W.; on 22 June, two bergs in 42°49' N., 48°46' W., and 43°49' N., 48°55' W., respectively. The most easterly ice reported in June was a berg on the 3d in 45°00' N., 46°20' W. The field ice concentration was sufficiently reduced in the Strait of Belle Isle by 11 June to permit the passage of ice-protected vessels, and by the 22d so little field ice remained that the strait was open to all vessels. From the first of June to the end of the ice season many bergs were scattered throughout the strait and to the northeastward along Track G as far as the 1,000-fathom curve. The distribution of ice reported in June is shown graphically in figure 14. JULY The ice season in the Grand Banks area ended in the first half of July. The last two bergs to drift south of the 48th parallel in 1954 did so during the first 4 days of July. Both of these bergs stranded in Conception Bay, Newfoundland, where they melted before the end of the month. Only one of the bergs found near the Tail of the Banks in June lasted until July. This berg drifted slowly southward and was last reported on the 6th in 42°15' N., 49°20' W. It was not re- located by a thorough aerial search on the 10th and was therefore judged to have melted. On 13 July no ice remained south of the 48th parallel except three growlers just off the south coast of the Avalon Peninusla and two bergs stranded in Conception Bay. North of the 48th parallel the ice situation was as follows in the last week of the month: approximately 30 bergs were distributed along the Newfound- land coast between Cape Bonavista and Cape Bauld; about 24 bergs remained in the Strait of Belle Isle; two bergs were drifting in the Labrador CiuTent near 50° N., 51° W. ; six bergs lay just inside the 1,000-fathom curve off the east coast of Newfoundland between lat- itudes 51°00' N. and 52°30' N.; about 30 bergs were located between the 1,000-fathom curve and tiie east coast of Labrador between lati- tudes 52°30' N. and 53°30' N.; there was no field ice south of the 53d parallel. n AUGUST-SEPTEMBER Except for two bergs stranded off Baccalieu Island on 4 August, no bergs were reported during August or September south of the 50th parallel. North of that line the relatively high sea surface tempera- tures which prevail during that part of the year took a heavy toll of the many bergs which were present in the area during July. Although the area was not completely scouted, it may be roughly estimated that by the end of September hardly a dozen bergs remained of the 92 bergs found in July south of latitude 53°30' N. OCTOBER-DECEMBER The only ice reported in the Newfoundland area during the period October-December was a berg sighted on 8 December in 51°28' N., 51°38'W. During the first part of December three reports were received of bergs well to the south and east of Cape Farewell, Greenland, as fol- lows: on 1 December, a berg in 56°38' N., 42°42' W.; on 8 December, two bergs in 55°56' N., 41°47' W., and 55°38' N., 39°10' W., respec- tively. TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954 No. Date Jan. Jan. Jan. 15 Jan. 22 ..do._.. Name of vessel Jan. 24 Jan. 25 ._.do-.. .._do__. _..do... ...do._. ...do-.- ...do.-- _..do..- ..do--- ..do--- ..do.-_ ..do Jan. 26 -.do.--- ..do.-.. ..do.--- ..-do.--, .-do.... ...do.... ...do..-. ...do--- ...do... ...do... ...do-.- ...do.-. Hydro Lagerfoss- North latitude USCG aircraft - .do. .do- U. S. C. G. cutter Coos Bay. USCG aircraft. -do. do -.. -..-do -.-.do do -...do- do do do do West longitude 52 16 51 43 59 30 33 23 Cape Freels east- ward to 49 20 I 52 30 51 32 I 50 31 Westward from 51° 45' W. between 49°30' N. and 51° 30' N. 51°38' N. to 51°28' N.at50°24'W.to 10 miles eastward. Within 30-mile ra- dius of U. S. C. G. cutter Mata- -do. U. S. C. G. cutter Coos Bay. do do do .. ....do USCG aircraft do do do .....do do do 00 33 50 03 03 05 30 37 10 30 Description Along 51 °20'.X. be- tween 51°00' W. and 52°30' W. 47 59 49 28 50 30 50 20 49 45 49 48 49 41 49 11 49 20 52 08 48 50 50 55 51 30 52 05 49 50 47 56 48 30 48 45 48 50 48 51 49 05 48 32 48 32 48 55 49 22 49 25 49 37 49 46 Large berg. Berg. ■ Scattered sea ice formation. Small berg, 50 feet high. Large fields of sea ice. Pack ice 6 inches to 3 feet thick. 2 small bergs, 5 medium bergs, and 2 large bergs. Medium berg. Do. Growler. Do. Small berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Heavy sea ice. Small growler. Radar target, believed ice. Radar target, evaluated as berg or growler. Do. Do. Do. Do. 2 growlers. Medium berg. Growler. Medium berg (same as No, 9) . Small berg. Do. Medium berg (same as No. 10) . 12 58° 57° 56° 55; 0° 49° ^ 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43^ 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° Figure 10. — Ice conditions, February 1954. Figures indicate day of month ice was sighted or reported. 45° 44° 43° 342128 O - 55( Face p. 12 No. 1) Except bergs we parallel, tures wli the man} the area by the e bergs foil The 01 October- 51°38'W During bergs we lows: on two berg tively. No. Dat 1 Jan. 2 Jan. 3 Jan. 4 Jan. 5 ___do. 6 Jan. 7 Jan. 8 ...do- 9 -._do 10 ...do_ 11 ...do. 12 ...do. 13 ...do. 14 ...do- 15 ...do. 16 ...do. 17 ...do. .do- 19 Jan. 20 ...do. 21 ...do. 22 ...do. 23 ...do. 24 ...do 25 ...do. 26 ...do 27 ...do 28 ...do 29 ...do 30 ...do 31 ...do 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° ^3° , , , ,^.^° . , , ■^'° ^,'^° , . . .'^.^° .^° ^^° .1^° „'*.^° . . . ^ iT 46° 45° "ft ''I -\ h }■'■'■ \~- S^^ 43° ^M^M\m "'¥«lmil I * "%,, ICE] MA CHART HCH 19154 40° ^ imlnuw"" 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° Figure 11, — Ice conditions, March 1954. Figures indicate day of month ice was sighted or reported. 342128 O - 55( Face p. 12 No. 2) Ex- bergs paral tures the n the a by tl bergs Th Octol Di bergs lows: two 1 tiveh No. 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° Figure 12. — Ice conditions, April 1954. Figures indicate day of month ice was sighted or reported. 45° 44° 43° 342128 O - 55( Face p. 12 No. 3) E; berg para turej the I the B by t bergi Tl Octo 51°3 D berg lows two tivel No. 59° 58° Sr 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51' 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48' Figure 13. — Ice conditions, May 1954. Figures indicate day'of month ice was sighted or reported 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° 342128 O - 55( Face p. 12 No. 4) be: pa tu] th( th( by be] Oc 5V ] bei lov tw< tiv No. 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 49° 48" 47° 42' III ■ r > T ' 1 ' / GENKRAL CHART Cf\ ^ "T*"^ ^ * * $ '-■'■■ ' ■ ' ■ ' , ,^/ \ ICE PATROL AREA ^-SER GS « ^. ^^■i A " f^ • ■/ ■^J^ ABorriHE O - GROWLERS '^„ y: -^r GRAND BANKS °'" 1?< ^'^>' . & ft ^■- ' / ^ |vX^^ iV'ti :^ - -_ " I NEWFOUNDLAND s^ >T *' , \ V vl^ V^ ^^ / yfio ft^^- , 1 c''* ■""■- ->?A^ 'V-Ua W- *■ Z' i o ^ - ," ' .■■ Ulqii -::.!-^ ■ / 4^ n-^ ^ ' \ - A A ••■» - rA k_„,/*tA' ■ ■ :/M ,f ff. . ; ,"* ' t A FLBimilCAF 'v', •' i ^ ^ 1 ih' :-■_ ':.,».„ si. ,: Jo ''' ^ / * - >\. -'---" 4 /I , " ^ V /a A ( - ^ '-'/ * r--. C, *3# '"t~~ ' .' < ^ /' ;^^ '-'■ GRAND BANKS <--"" ^ '? - ^ - - '* ■^ ■ ;'"■■■':'; ' \ .'♦ , ' A ,v:;-' — •''I:- "— " "" . '-'v ".,,.'-: :■♦ ' t --:-:..---.-, ' ' 'V ^ ,' ■, , - ;'V , t v,f ■■;;'; ■■■■:..:...-i \„ '\ f [ '/ \4-' vV ''' , s -■<'') • '- '•■";• ft, " .', -' " \ '--., ^ . I """5""; ' o ' ^ L 'V, "< I ';'^- ; o«« o ^ , > - « ?° ' 1 r " "" ~ ^„,H»«|iiii "'i""/(//)/ >"/, • %, / %^ ICE CHART 1-1 4 A JUriE 1954 % t •-i ''■C *V ' "■ •ti "H '"»/n,i|i„ m*»i\»» .v* ° r 1 1 1 , 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° Ti ,. T ... I ini- 342128 O - 55( Face p. 12 No. 5) tiGURE 14. — Ice conditions, June 1954. Figures indicate day of month ice was sighted or reported. TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued No. Date Name oi vessel North West latitude longitude Description 32 Jan. 20 USCG aircraft We.'^ttward from Scattered sea ice and numerous growl- 48°50' W. be- ers. tween 48°40' N. and 50°00' NT. 33 Jan. 30 Hydro 47 56 52 15 Medium berg. 34 ...do do 48 05 49 32 Growler. 35 ..-do do 48 14 47 31 Do. 36 do.--.. do- 48 16 48 12 Small berg. 37 do ....do 48 20 48 22 48 47 48 42 Growler. Small berg. 38 .-.do.-.- do -- 39 ..-do do - 48 35 51 07 3 growlers. 40 -..do do do 48 40 48 41 f 48 25 49 28 50 47 50 30 Growler. Medium berg. Scattered sea ice. 41 do 42 do do - 43 Jan. 31 do 47 50 52 24 Large berg. 44 ...do do 48 06 48 10 Berg. 45 --.do--.- do 48 14 48 21 Do. 46 -.-do do 48 26 ( 46 12 47 17 54 23 Do. 47 Feb. 1 Fort Hamilton \ and to NW. and I SE. ■Slob ice, band 'a luile^wide. 48 Feb. 3 USCG aircraft 47 35 52 07 Medium berg. 49 ...do do 48 20 48 10 2 growlers. 50 ...do do 48 32 47 22 Growler. 51 ...do---- do 48 42 47 29 Small berg. 52 ---do do 48 43 47 44 2 small bergs. 53 ...do do 48 58 52 07 Growler. 54 -..do..- do- 48 59 51 10 Small berg. 55 .-.do do .-- 49 00 52 28 Growler. 56 ---do do 49 32 51 19 Small berg. 57 do do 49 33 49 43 49 54 50 32 52 10 52 05 2 growlers. Small berg. Do. 58 do do 59 --.do.--- do 60 ...do do 49 57 52 09 Do. 61 ..-do do 50 04 51 30 Do. 62 -..do---- do 50 07 51 30 Do. 63 -..do do 50 13 51 22 Growler. 64 .-.do do 50 18 51 06 Small berg. 65 ..-do.--- do- 50 22 50 53 Medium berg. 66 -..do do 50 27 51 12 Growler. 67 --.do do 50 30 51 15 Large berg. 68 .--do do 50 37 51 15 Small berg. 69 do .. -do 50 45 50 55 51 27 51 35 Do. Do. 70 ...do do 71 .do do- 1 48 30 50 10 JHeavy sea ice. \ and to i\ v\ . 72 ..-do.--- do / 47 30 1 51 10 \ andtoNW. jScattercd sea ice. 73 ...do--.. do f 48 00 1 51 00 \ and to NW. JLight field ice. 74 ...do .- do / 48 30 1 50 00 1 and to NW. [Moderate to heavy field ice. 75 do. - 49 08 51 12 Bergy bit. 76 .-.do do 49 10 51 01 Do. 77 -..do do-.- -.- 50 37 50 02 Do. 78 -do.-- do 50 35 47 45 53 55 51 58 Medium floe berg. Large berg. 79 do Giorgio - 80 ...do Lvngenfjord 48 01 46 57 Do. 81 ...do Feb. 6 USCG aircraft 47 39 48 08 52 03 52 35 Medium berg (same as No. 48) . Large berg. 82 Fort Hamilton 83 --.do Finiipulp 49 16 47 38 2 bergs, 1 growler. 84 Feb. 7 Ice patrol plane 48 06 52 25 Large berg. 85 Feb. 8 Topdalsfjord 49 54 46 51 Berg. 86 do Ice patrol plane 48 20 52 06 Medium berg. 87 .-do.--- do 48 31 48 14 Small berg. 88 ..-do ...do ...do do 49 03 49 30 49 50 52 30 51 35 51 40 Do. Do. Do. 89 .. .do. .- - 90 do 91 ...do do 49 40 50 15 Bergy bit. 92 ..-do..-. ....do f 48 00 50 00 1 Scattered sea ice. 93 --.do.--. do f 49 00 1 50 00 t and to NW. I Broken sea ice. 94 .'--do Feb. 11 Loch 49 55 1 46 51 f 49 20 1 49 00 I and to W. Berg. JBroken sea ice. 95 U. S. C. G. cutter Castle Rock. 96 do... Ice patrol plane 48 20 1 51 46 Small berg. ( NW. of line from ] 97 ...do do 1 48 15 1 52 30 [scattered to heavv sea ice. ![ 49 00 1 50 30 1 13 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 98 99 100 101 Feb. 11 _..do ...do _..do--.. ...do ...do-.-. ...do ...do.___ Feb. 12 ...do ...do ...do.... ...do.... ...do ...do.-.. ...do--- Feb. 14 ...do..... ...do-... USiX vessel do do - do -- 48 12 52 07 48 30 51 48 49 07 52 06 49 52 51 05 50 57 51 03 52 28 .52 36 52 36 52 28 50 25 53 27 48 22 51 42 48 48 48 10 / 48 25 51 50 land to SE. and SW. r 48 40 1 51 00 \ and to W. 48 37 1 50 35 f 48 40 1 .50 10 Larger berg, 100 feet high. Bergy bit. 1 growler, 1 bergy bit. Large berg, 200 feet x 300 feet .\ 150 feet high. Large berg, 75 feet x 75 feet x 155 feet high. Bergy bit. Large berg, 100 feet x 200 feet x 125 feet high. 1 bergv bit, 1 medium bere, 150 feet x 300 feet X 30 feet high. Medium berg. 102 103 do do 104 105 106 do do Ice patrol plane. .... 107 . ...do 108 109 do do jscattered pan ice. JModerate sea ice. Scattered pan ice. } Do. Loosely scattered sea ice, lo-mile radius. > Scattered to moderate sea ice. Moderate berg. Small berg. Do 110 in do do 112 113 114 do do do I and 48 32 f W. of 1 1 48 50 i 48 50 48 25 49 05 49 06 49 12 49 17 49 21 49 32 49 34 49 35 49 36 49 36 49 37 49 40 49 48 50 03 50 04 50 06 50 07 50 09 50 17 50 19 50 22 50 25 50 25 50 26 50 27 50 30 50 34 50 35 IN and V from ] Island t 49 00 t 49 00 1 I thenc 48 55 48 40 to W. 49 23 ine from 48 30 0 51 00 52 31 52 40 51 29 51 21 50 06 51 03 52 49 50 .59 50 49 51 15 51 55 50 00 51 10 50 34 51 59 50 46 50 25 52 02 54 00 53 45 51 35 52 22 54 16 50 48 53 39 51 03 50 20 51 55 50 50 ' of line ■^accalieu 0 52 00 0 49 00 e N. 48 20 ."^n in 115 llfi do ._ do 117 ...do do Do 118 .. do. - do- Do 119 ...do... . do. Do 120 _-.do...- do.. - Medium berg. Large berg. Small berg. Do 121 122 ...do ...do do do - - 123 ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do_..- do. 124 126 126 do do do Do. Do. Large berg. Small berg. Do 127 .._do...._ ...do do 128 do- 129 ...do..... —do... do. Do 130 do. - - - Do 131 ...do.... do Do 132 —do..... ...do do Do. 133 do Do. 134 13fi —do..... ...do..... ...do.-.. do do Do. Do 136 do Do 137 ...do - do Do 138 139 140 141 ...do—.. ...do....- ...do.—. —do—. ...do..... ...do..... Feb. 15 ...do do do do do Do. Do. Do. Do. 142 143 144 145 do do Mathilda Thorden . do 6 growlers, 5-mile radius of position. Scattered to close pack ice. Growler. Large berg. 146 —do..... ...do..... ...do ...do do 1 N. of line from 1 48 55 1 48 20 1 to I 48 30 1 50 35 To seaward of Nar- sak. BW-3 fjord BW-3 harbor 147 Narsarssauk AB... . 56 bergs. 2 bergy bits. 1 hpTsr 1 hfiriTv hit. 148 149 do do 150 ...do...-. do-... BW-1 harbor Clear. 151 ...do..... ...do..... ...do Godafoss (48 13 1 4? 26 ^Tne 152 USN vessel... I. and t 49 08 49 58 50 07 50 10 51 26 0 JN. 51 20 51 32 51 27 53 40 53 40 Large berg, 300 feet x 200 feet high. Medium berg. Large berg, 300 feet x 100 feet x 200 feet high. Large berg 300 feet x 100 feet x 200 feet high Small berg, 50 feet x 50 feet x 50 feet high; 1.53 do 154 155 156 ...do..... ...do.... -..do do do do 14 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Daseription Feb. 16 ...do Feb. 17 ...do ...do ...do ...do _..do ...do.—. ..-do._... _..do._... ._.do..__. ...do.—. Bemhard Ingelssen U. S. C. 0. cutter Mc- Culloeh. Ice Patrol plane .__.do .._.do ....do — ..do do _.-.do ....do ....do do do -_.do.-._. Feb. 19 _._do_.... ...do..--. ...do _..do Feb. 20 .do. .do_ .do- .do. .do. _do. .do_ .do. -do. _do_ .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. _do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Feb. 21 ...do..... ...do..... ...do ...do..... ...do ...do..... Feb. 22 ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do..-.. ..do. British aircraft. SS. Noordam... do SS. Polyana do Black Condor.. St. Johns radio. Ice Patrol plane. do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Stockholm. do. do. 48 00 49 00 48 14 49 22 and to W. Drifting ice. fModerate sea ice. Narsarssuak AB do do do Cleopatra Caxton U. S. C. Q. cutter Ingham Trollafoss do Caxton. 48 03 49 50 Small berg. 48 13 49 50 Growler. 48 16 49 26 Small berg. 48 21 49 41 Growler. 48 28 49 52 Do. 48 29 49 41 Do. 48 30 51 50 Small berg. 48 40 46 10 Medium berg. 48 44 49 40 Growler. 48 45 50 50 Small berg. N. of 48° 00' N. Scattered to broken field ice. from E. coast Newfoundland to 48° 40' W. 49 23 53 02 Very large berg. 47 39 48 30 Berg (same as No. 161). 47 44 48 27 Small berg (same as No. 159) 47 35 48 20 Berg (same as No. 170). 47 50 49 30 Sea ice. 48 20 46 02 Berg (same as No. 166). 12 to 15 miles off Field ice. Cape St. Frances to abeam St. Johns, N e w - foundland. 47 24 47 24 47 25 47 25 47 27 47 42 47 44 47 46 47 52 48 00 48 04 48 06 48 16 48 18 48 22 48 25 48 42 48 44 48 50 48 53 49 00 49 02 49 12 47 29 48 08 48 13 48 25 48 28 48 47 48 42 49 52 49 08 48 55 46 16 49 53 50 43 52 36 52 18 51 04 50 20 52 38 50 55 50 34 52 38 50 10 50 27 Coast of New- foundland at 47° 25' N. due E. to 52° 00' W. (47 50 I 52 00 ldueE.to49°30'W. ■ 47 50 I 49 30 to 47 25 I 49 00 to 47 25 I 47 40 to 47 40 1 48 30 thence NNW. 46 45 I 47 42 46 55 47 42 46 58 I 47 15 Narsak to seaward. Fjord BW-1 harbor BW-3 harbor 46 02 47 41 46 31 47 54 46 34 47 50 57 39 36 12 57 45 36 11 47 03 47 22 Growler. Small berg. 2 growlers. Small berg. Growler. Medium berg. Growler. Do. Do. Medium berg. Do. Large berg. Medium berg'and'growler. Small berg. Medium berg. Small berg. Medium berg. Small berg. Medium berg. Large berg. Do. Do. Do. Light brash. ^Moderate to heavy sea ice. Outer limits of field ice 9/10 cover. 11 j ! Large berg. I Do. Berg. I 32 bergs. ; 3 bergv bits. : Clear. ' Bergy bit. I Large berg. I I 2 small bergs. Medium berg. 2 bergs. Berg. to 46 38 I 47 20 to 46 28 I 47 48 and to W. Outer limits of field ice. 15 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description Feb. 22 ...do U. S. C. G. cutter Ingham. do ...do Feb. 23 __.do ...do ...do ...do ...do .-do__... ...do _-.do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do _-do ...do.... __.do __.do ...do ...do ...do ...do ___do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do.--- ...do .-.do.--_ ...do_-.. ...do. ...do_ --.do. ...do- ...do--.. ...do. .do. ...do_... Feb. 24 ...do.... ..do--.. ..do_... ...do.--, --.do--., --.do-... ...do..-. .-.do_... ...do---, -..do.--. ...do.... ...do--.. ...do.--. ...do-... ...do.... ...do.-.- -.-do.-.- ...do ..do. ...do.... Feb. 25 ...do.-.. ...do--., --.do-... ..do.... U. S. N. S. Vela. Ice Patrol plane. Carl Gorthon Ice Patrol plane. Carl Gorthon do Ice Patrol plane. Lyngenfjord Ice Patrol plane . Lyngenfjord Ice Patrol plane - Lyngenfjord Ice Patrol plane. USN vessel do Lyngenfjord Ice Patrol plane.. Sarek Ice Patrol plane.. do USN vessel Ice Patrol plane. . do Sarek Lyngenfjord Ice Patrol plane.. do -..-do .--.do -...do .--.do -..-do .--.do -...do .---do --.-do ...-do --.-do ....do .--.do .do. Lyngenfjord Ice Patrol plane. do do do do do do do do do do do do do do -.-.do Narsarssuak AB. -..-do ..-.do Ice Patrol plane. Pedro de Barcelos. O. S. V. Bravo ..-.do Narsarssauk AB... ...-do -..-do 46 43 47 14 47 16 47 13 and to NW. 47 50 I 59 25 and S. to Cape Breton. 45 32 45 45 45 50 45 50 45 50 46 05 46 09 46 12 46 14 46 18 46 19 46 20 46 20 46 27 46 28 46 29 46 30 46 37 46 45 46 45 46 47 46 54 47 01 47 09 47 15 47 20 47 30 47 30 47 32 47 33 47 45 47 50 47 50 48 04 48 08 48 15 48 15 48 42 45 50 f 48 00 to 46 20 I 47 00 to I 46 30 and to NW. 46 25 I 47 47 and to SE. 40 45 28 45 44 45 46 45 48 46 06 46 10 46 12 46 17 46 18 46 25 46 30 46 32 47 10 47 25 47 37 47 52 48 44 48 21 48 07 48 28 47 45 47 48 48 03 46 36 48 07 47 40 47 46 47 28 45 37 48 22 48 35 47 38 48 23 47 45 47 00 47 28 47 40 46 53 48 17 47 20 47 46 47 50 48 13 47 00 47 35 47 43 48 11 47 40 47 13 47 32 47 17 47 45 47 08 47 10 43 45 45 42 45 50 45 50 48 44 49 00 48 10 47 33 49 04 48 10 49 15 48 25 48 42 48 25 49 00 48 52 47 50 49 05 Southern limits of field ice. ^Eastern limits of field ice. Scattered and broken field ice. Berg. Growler (same as No. 210). Growler. 2 growlers. Small berg. Growler. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Growler. Berg 100 feet high. Berg 50 feet high. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Growler. Bergy bit. Berg. Growler. Large berg. Large berg (same as No. 187). Berg. Growler. Berg. Do. Do. Growler. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 2 growlers and field ice. Outer limits scattered to broken field ice. Narsak to seaward. Fjord BW-3 harbor 47 50 I 48 10 to 46 10 I 48 00 to 47 25 I 46 25 thence NW. 47 25 I 47 00 56 47 51 03 56 58 I 51 10 Narsak to seaward. Fjord BW-1 harbor [Field ice. Growler. Small berg. Do. Growler. Do. Small berg. Medium berg. Growler. Small berg. Growler. Do. Do. Do. Medium berg. Growler. Large berg. 30 bergs. Clear. Bergy bit. Field ice limits. Field ice. Berg. Do. 24 bergs. 2 bergy bits. Pan ice, 20 percent cover. 16 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date Feb. 25 Feb. 26 Feb. 28 Mar. 1 Mar. 2 ...do___. ._.do.__. Mar. 3 -.-do__.. ,..do__.. .do. Mar. 4 .._do__. -_.dO-.- __.do--. _..do..- --.do__. ...do.... __.do..-. --.do_... ...do--- ._.do... ...do--.. -_-do--. -..do_-. ...do_-- ._.do-... Mar. ...do-. ...do.. __.do-. _..do-. ...do_. ..-do_. _--do-. _-.do-. ...do-. ._.do_. .do. .do-- -do- Mar. ..do_ ..do- ..-do.--. .do--.- -.-do--.. -do---. -do--.. -do---. Mar. 7 ..-do-.-. ..-do---, .--do-... ...do---. _--do-_-. -do--.. -do--.. ..do.-.. Name of vessel Narsarssauk AB.. Ice Patrol plane... Pedro de Bareelos. Bedford Second Newfoundland Nova Scotia U. S. S. Cavalla.-- Newfoundland.. Isaac Carter Ice Patrol plane. do Ice Patrol aircraft _ U. S. C. O. cutter Spencer -..-do -...do... -...do ..--do --..do .do... .do— -do- .do- Narsarssuak AB do do do U. S. C. G. cutter Spencer do USN vessel- ---.do --..do -...do ---.do ---.do ---.do Narsarssauk AB. -..-do ----do ----do U. S. S. Atka- ..do— ----do Vatnajokull - -..-do U. S. C. G. cutter Abse- con. .---do .--.do Narsarssuak AB .---do .-..do..-- ----do Ice Patrol plane - .--.do ---do .--do ---do ..-.do U. S. C. G. cutter Castle Rock. ....do --.do- - North latitude West longitude BW-3 harbor. 47 20 49 29 46 55 47 36 46 38 56 02 47 15 44 10 47 10 42 28 ■ 48 25 46 36 48 00 52 51 47 30 48 36 33 21 47 45 45 55 51 38 52 27 52 50 48 00 I 52 18 47 47 08 47 14 47 26 47 28 47 36 47 37 52 05 49 02 49 07 47 42 47 03 47 32 47 46 and within 16-niile radius. 47 29 47 40 47 41 48 12 16 47 30 46 36 46 27 Narsak to seaward Fjord BW-1 harbor BW-3 harbor 46 45 I 51 26 I 47 47 to 47 21 47 44 l47 47 37 47 09 47 12 47 37 47 41 48 19 48 22 48 36 Narsak to seaward. Fjord BW-1 harbor BW-3 harbor 53 30 I 51 30 to 46 23 47 10 47 58 48 10 49 21 49 41 50 02 52 57 52 15 to 52 30 I 51 30 to 52 20 52 10 49 33 49 05 58 45 58 57 58 59 51 05 51 00 51 00 51 12 51 15 33 32 33 26 34 56 59 17 34 48 59 21 34 46 Narsak to seaward. Fjord BW-3 harbor BW-1 harbor 46 34 46 36 46 36 46 41 46 55 47 06 47 57 48 09 48 12 47 58 46 37 47 00 48 22 47 30 46 30 46 20 46 36 46 27 Description Clear. 2 growlers. Large berg. Radar target, possible berg. Growler. Radar target, possible berg. Large berg and 7 growlers within 15- mile area. Thin string sea ice. Radar target, possible berg. Do. Do. ■Outer limits of field ice. Growler. Radar target, possible berg. Do. Do. Do. Many radar targets, possible growlers. Berg. Radar target, possible berg. Do. Do. 5 bergs. 6 bergy bits. Brash, 2/10 cover. Do. Field ice. Field ice, 1/10 to 2/10 cover. Berg 100 feet high. Berg. Do. Berg 30 feet high Berg 50 feet high. Berg 30 feet high. Berg 100 feet high. 13 bergs. 3 bergy bits and brash. Berg and bergy bit. Clear. Ice blocks and brash, 4/10 to 9/10 cover. Ice blocks and brash, 1/10 to 9/10 cover. ■Pack ice. Berg. Do. Do. Do. 4 growlers. 12 bergs. 2 gi-owlers. 5 growlers. Clear. Radar target, probable berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Berg. Small berg. Large berg. 17 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date Mar. 7 ...do-. ...do.. ...do-. ...do__ Name of vessel Mar. __.do- ...do- ...do. .do- .do- -do- -do- -do- -do- -do. -do.. .do. -do. .do. .do. ..-do...- .._do-... .-.do.... .-.do-.- Mar. 9 ...do.-. ...do.— ---do— .-do-.. ...do.... ..-do..- ...do-... .-.do— -.do. --.do. ...do- ...do. ---do. Mar. ...do. ...do. —do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. U. S. C. G. cutter Abse- con. do. do do U. S. C. G. cutter Castle Rock. do do do Canadian Department of Transport. do .do_ .do_ .do. .do. -do -do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. Narsarssuak AB do do-.. do Ice Patrol plane do USN vessel do do do do do U. S. C. G. Cutter Abse- con. ....do North latitude 56 48 56 57 56 58 57 06 46 51 46 46 46 35 46 36 West longitude 37 44 36 19 36 15 37 22 46 15 46 48 47 00 46 59 Fame Point west- ward. (49 15 I 64 10 \ to I 48 25 I 62 35 f 48 25 I 62 35 i to (St. Paul Island. Cape North and 20 miles to SSE. Along shore from Bay St. Law- ence to Henry Island. Across north en- trance George Bay. George Bay to Pic- tou Island on Nova Scotia side. West of line from Cape Bear to Caribou. Charlotte Hai'bor.. fBracklev Beach to I 47 10 I 63 10 f NE. of line from ■^47 10 I 63 10 [ to Miscou Island. Westward from en- trance Bay Cha- leur. Bona venture Is- land to Gaspe Harbor to Cape des Hosiers. Narsak to seaward. Fjord BW-1 harbor BW-3 harbor 46 05 46 22 46 32 46 38 47 33 47 53 47 55 48 25 46 04 47 35 47 10 47 46 47 52 47 48 48 42 49 45 50 06 47 37 Narsarssuak .\B. do do ....do Ice Patrol plane - do ....do do ....do -...do ...-do ...-do ....do .do. -do. 46 08 46 17 Narsak to seaward. Fjord BW-1 harbor BW-3 harbor 45 52 46 18 46 21 46 21 46 08 48 20 48 56 48 13 48 18 ' 48 20 47 37 46 14 46 14 46 54 46 37 50 15 51 08 50 00 52 25 49 20 Description to 48 50 I 50 00 to 48 55 I 51 00 to 48 35 I 51 04 to 48 50 I 52 20 to north 3 radar targets, probable bergt Berg. 2 bergs. Berg. Field ice. Large berg. Small berg. Growler. Close pack. ^ Do. ^Scattered drift ice. String of scattered drift ice. Narrow strip drift ice. Field of heavy drift ice. Clear. Scattered pan ice. Open to docks. [close pack. Do. 100 percent coverage. Scattered drift. 22 bergs. 1 berg, 6 bergy bits. Clear. 5 growlers, 10 percent brash. Medium berg. Do. Bergy bit. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Berg. 2 growlers. 63 bergs. 3 growlers. Clear. 19 growlers. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Growler. Berg. Do. Growler. Do. iMain ice pack. 18 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date Mar. 10 _..do ...do ...do ...do Mar. 11 .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ...do Mar. 12 ...do...- ...do ...do ...do...- ...do..... ...do..... ...do ...do Mar. 13 ...do..... ...do..... .do-.... .do...-. .do-.... ...do- do, -do. .do. .do. .do. Name of vessel Ice Patrol plane. Narsarssuak AB. ....do ....do ....do .do. ....do. do. ....do. do. do. USN vessel. USN aircraft do do Unknown aircraft. do SS. Gander USN vessel do. do. do. do. do. TWA aircraft Canadian Department of Transport, do .do. -do. .do. -do. -do. .do. -do. .do. Mar. 14 ...do ...do-.... ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do...-. ...do.... .do- .do. .do. .do. -do- .do. .do- .do. .do- .do. .do. U. S. C. G. Cutter Camp- bell. do do. do. do do. Pierre Vidal lee Patrol plane . do North latitude 48 25 West longitude 50 42 Naj-sak to seaward Fjord. BW-1 harbor BW-3 harbor 15 miles off Fare- well, 17 miles off Prince Christian and to NW. 56 00 I 50 00 Narsak to seaward Fjord BW-1 harbor BW-3 harbor 46 24 46 25 48 48 46 00 48 48 47 17 47 37 East of 46 00 48 48 48 48 48 47 48 47 49 14 49 10 46 35 I 60 10 to 58 58 50 23 46 50 49 52 47 18 47 18 Flint Island 46 50 50 23 50 00 50 03 50 11 50 51 52 00 60 00 Fame Point and to west. Description Large area close packed ice extending 15 miles NE. and SW., 10 mile wide. 61 bergs. Growlers. Clear. 19 growlers, 15 percent brash ice. 10-15-mile-wide pack, 10/10 to 3/10 coverage. Large ice pack, many leads. 83 bergs. 6 bergs. ■-^-inch skim ice. 2 bergy bits, 11 growlers, 15 percent brash ice. ■Numerous icefields. Do. Do. Large berg. 3 small bergs. Strings of ice. Large berg. Do. Growler. Beig 500 feet .\ 500 feet .\ 300 feet high. Bergv bit. Do. 2 bergs. Growler. Close pack to end of visibility. to Bird Rocks. Bird Rocks to Cape Ray to St. Paul Island. St. Paul Island to 45 45 I 59 10 Strait of Canso Southern half George Bay. Cape George to 5 miles north of Pictou Island, to 5 miles south of St. Peters Island to Coldsprings Head. West of Termen- tine. West Point to North Point, Prince Edward Island. Escuminac Point to Miscou Island and to east. Southern part Bay Chaleur. North side Bay Chaleur. Inner Gaspe Har- bor. 46 55 47 10 46 17 45 17 45 16 45 13 46 50 49 10 48 02 47 23 51 43 46 58 47 09 47 13 47 18 46 45 48 OH 47 19 46 42 r 46 52 Ivoose drift. IClear water to north, scattered strings I to south. Clear. ■Scattered pack. Scattered drift. Close pack. Heavy close pack. 90 percent coverage, new ice and slob. Close pack along shore, 8 to 10 miles wide. New ice and slob. Close pack. Clear. Solid pack ice. Berg, Small berg. Radar target, possible berg. Berg. 2 bergs. Ice patches. Ice. Large berg. Growler. -^o 1 and east 12 miles ijstring of field ice. 19 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description Mar. 14 Mar. 16 ...do-..-. ...do--.. ...do-— . ...do .-.do- — . ...do—-. Ice Patrol plane 46 58 Irmingard 46 25 Ogna County 47 00 Kanangoora. Narsarssuak AB. do- --. do do-- .-do. U. S. S. Edisto. -do. .do. Mar. 17 --do---., .-do--- .-do..- -.do- — .-do.. ..-do- _do. .do. Ice Patrol plane . do Newfoundland -- do do U. S. S. Edisto. Krageholm Hydro. .do. 47 03 47 24 46 25 45 23 44 15 Narsak to seaward Fjord BW-1 harbor. BW-3 harbor [ Arsuk Fjord to 60 00 I 49 00 to 105 miles south [ Cape Farewell. Fjord above Gron- dal Harbor. do do do .-.- do -.do-- do . do U. S. S. Edisto . . Mar. 18 Ice Patrol plane. ..do--. . do \\\\[do^y[iy\iyyi -.do... do . do .... do . ..do— - ..do-.. do do ..do do... .-do. do ..do-.. do . do . .. do ..do.- .... do ..do.— do . do ... do -.do.- do ..do..-- -do do do -.do...- do ..do do ..do.. .... do . . --do— -.do do .... Nova Scotia -.do do. ..do do 45 45 45 49 47 21 47 24 47 38 52 15 50 39 45 07 to 47 28 47 22 46 19 45 22 46 01 52 00 50 30 60 47 54 00 I 54 35 to 53 35 I 54 50 to I 54 15 to 53 10 i 54 15 to 53 05 I 54 32 to 52 05 53 42 53 45 to 52 15 I 52 25 to 51 00 I 51 52 to 50 32 I 50 15 Trinity Bav 49 05 I 52 15 to 48 40 i 52 35 to 48 30 I 52 25 to 48 15 I 52 15 to east. North half Hare Bay. South half Hare Bay. 49 16 45 52 46 no 47 44 47 48 48 14 48 21 48 22 48 22 48 23 48 24 48 28 48 30 48 36 48 37 48 39 48 48 48 48 48 50 49 00 49 04 49 30 51 16 47 15 46 48 46 43 46 25 46 21 46 42 43 01 52 07 52 45 51 24 52 52 49 59 48 02 42 50 51 32 49 27 50 54 48 37 51 29 47 19 52 04 to 47 58 I 51 34 to 47 55 I 46 17 thence NW. 47 29 I 45 05 47 30 46 39 47 34 I 44 31 Thin string field ice. Growler. Small berg. 2 growlers. 83 bergs. 4 bergy bits. Clear. 3 bergs, 5 growlers, brash ice. ^Scattered bergs, growlers, and bergy bits. 21 inches solid ice. Medium berg. Growler. Medium berg. Berg. Medium berg. Broken to close field ice. Belts drift ice to 5 miles east. Pack boundary. Ice free. Inner boundary pack. Ice free. Close pack. Strings brash and block ice. Medium berg. Growler (same as No. 446). Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 3 bergs. Berg. Do. 3 bergs. Berg. Do. Field ice limits. Large berg (same as No. 458). Do. Do. 20 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date Name of vessel 530 531 532 633 534 535 536 Mar. 18 .-do __do __do ._do ..do ..do ..do -.do -do -do- .-do_ -do- -do. ..-do- -do- -do- -do. .-.do- ...do- do. do- do- do- -do. Nova Scotia -..-do ...-do Stavengerfjord--- ---.do ---do- ---do --.-do U. S. R. Edisto.. Narsarssuak AB. .---do- -do- -do- North latitude Canadian Department of Transport, .-.-do .do. -do- .do. -..do— - do -do .-- do —do.. . do —do— - do-. —do.—. do -do- -do- -do- .do- ..-do— -. Mar. 19 --do. -do- ...-do- ----do- ..--do ..-do. ---do- --.-do- USN aircraft. --do. -do- -do- -.do- -do- -do- ...do ...do ..-do --do --.do ---do Mar. 20 -do -do- -do. -do- -do. -do. Ice Patrol plane. Stavengerfjord .. Ice Patrol plane. 47 35 47 36 47 58 47 35 48 00 48 00 48 23 48 02 48 30 West longitude 46 10 46 00 53 23 44 35 44 24 44 00 44 05 46 00 51 40 Narsak to seaward. Fjord Description BW-1 harbor BW-3 harbor Montreal to Three Rivers. Quebec to Bale Co- meau and Ma- tane. Fame Point to 30 miles westward along coast. 49 15 I 64 10 to Bird Rocks to Cape Ray. South coast New- foundland. 5 miles off Ingonish to 46 25 I 59 35 Sidney Harbor Strait of Canso Eddy point to Causeway. Cape George to Henry Island to East Point. East Point to Tra- cadip. Tormentine to Point du Chene. West Point to North Point. Boutouche to Mis- cou. Bay Chaleur Large berg (same as No. 457). 2 bergs. Large berg, 1 growler. Large berg (same as No. 491). Large berg. Do. Small berg. Growler. 4 growlers. 85 bergs and 70 percent consolidated pack ice. 5 bergs. 10 bergy bits, 30 percent close pack ice. Clear. Berg, 15 growlers, 5 bergy bits. Moderate amount of shore ice. Not navigable. Much broken ice, navigable. Strip of close ice, 10-15 miles wide. Clear water. Do. Close pack. Cape des Rosiers to Fame Point. ^64 14 I 53 30 to 68 00 I 54 15 to 67 30 I 54 50 to 67 00 I 54 55 to 66 30 I 55 18 to 66 10 I 56 00 SW corner Disko Melville Bay North Star Bay... Vicinity Bushnan's Island and Cape York. Inner Melville Bay Baffin Bay north of 76°30' N. Smith Sound Kane basin. Kennedy Channel - Hall Basin Robeson Channel . Lincoln Sea to 83°00'N. between 47°00' W. and 64°00' W. 45 36 , 47 34 46 56 45 33 45 40 I 46 19 Considerable ice. Ice moving south through Strait. 85 percent heavy drift. Heavy close pack. Close pack on shore over 15 rrUles. wide. Close pack on shore 1-5 miles wide. Close pack 3-20 miles wide. Clear except for few strings slob. Clear in north half. Close pack in south half. Close pack 10-15 miles wide. iPack boundary. Less than 1/10 cover. 10/10 cover. Do. Heavy concentration bergs. Very light concentration bergs. Greater than 9/10 cover numerous polyni. Greater than 9/10 cover, many cracks and narrow leads. 10/10 cover. No cracks or leads. Very heavily ridged and hummocked. Do. 10/10 cover, no cracks or leads. Do. Do. Large berg (same as No. 468). Berg (same as No. 447). Medium berg (same as No. 455). 21 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description Mar. 20 __.do ...do- Unknown aircraft Canadian Department of Transport. do -do. -do- -do- - do- do. -do- -do- -do -do. .do .do- -do -do- -do- -do- -do- -do— ---do-.... -.-do---. --.do -... -.-do ...do.— Mar. 21 -do -do- -do -do -do. -do Pan American aircraft Narsarssuak .\B do do do USN aircraft -do- .do -do. -do. .--do --.. .--do-.... ..-do---., ---do-..-. ---do -.-do-.— ---do---. Mar. 22 -..do-- — .-.do-.— .--do..— -.do- --do ..do- --do. do do SS Sargitta Narsarssuak AB. do-.-- do -.-.do do do do do Mar. 23 ..d0-__ ...do. Lygenfjord Canadian Depai'tment of. Transport. do .do. ..do- .-do. -do. .do. 46 10 45 35 Eddy 30 to 49 00 48 00 Montreal to Que- bec. Fame point to 40 miles westward. 49 15 I (i4 10 to 48 20 I 62 10 48 20 I 62 10 to St. Paul's Island 40 miles north of Brion Island. 5 miles off Cape North to 46 50 I 59 40 to I 59 10 to I 59 Point Causeway George Bay to 50 miles toNE. Northumberland Strait. Bordon to West Point. West Point to North Point. Bouctouche to Mis- cou. Miscou to New Carlisle and to SW. 5 miles off Bona- venture Island northward along Oaspe coast 49 45 i 49 45 Narsak to seaward Fjord BW-1 harbor BW-3 harbor Balhn Bav north of 75°30' N. and westof70°00' W. OlaciiT Strait Lady .\ini Strait. . Cardigan Strait Hell Gate from Calf Island to 76°35' N. Norwegian Bay Belcher Channel.. 46 54 I 59 56 Narsak to seaward. Fjord BW-1 harbor BW-3 harbor Narsak to seaward Fjord BW-1 harbor BW-3 harbor 45 50 I 46 40 Montreal to Quebec. Fame Point to 50 miles westw^ard. ( 49 15 I 64 10 \ to I 48 15 I 62 05 f 48 15 I 62 05 \ to Bird Rocks. St. Paul Island to Cape Ray. 2 bergs. Not navigable. Close pack 12-15 miles wide along Gaspe coast. mO percent loose drift. Clear. 30-mile-long ice field. 50 to 70 percent loose drift. 50 percent heavy drift. 100 percent close pack. 70 percent loose sheets. 80 percent sheets. 5-20-mile-wide close pack along shore. All harbors solid. Ice. Continuous heavy loose drift. Growler. 85 bergs, 95 percent consolidated pack. 5 growlers. Clear. 15 growlers. 2 bergy bits. 9/10 to 10/10 cover. 10/10 fast ice. Broken ice. Open. Do. 10/10 cover. Do. 6/10 cover. 81 bergs, 40 perc^'nt pack ice. 3 bergy bits, 50 percent pack ice. Clear. 4 bergy bits, 4 growlers. 72 bergs, 80 percent loose pack. 3 bergs, 16 bergv bits, brash ice. Clear. 2 bergs, 20 growlers, 10 bergy bits, 50 percent brash. Berg (same as No. 535). Not navigable. 50 percent cover, loose strhigs and patches. 30 percent to 40 percent cover, loose strings and patches. I [clear water. I Continuous strings. 22 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date ...do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ...do. .do. .do. .do. Mar. 24 Mar. 25 ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... Mar. 26 ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do.... ...do ...do.... ...do.... ...do.... ...do.... ...do.... Mar. 28 ...do.... ...do.... ...do.--. ...do..-. Name of vessel Canadian Department of Transport. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ...do. ...do. ...do. Ice Patrol plane... U. S. N. S. Johnson do U. S. C. G. cutter Bibb. O. S. V. Bravo U. S. C. G. cutter Bibb. Narsarssuak AB do do.. do U. S. C. G. cutter Bibb. do do do Sheldrake do Mormacisle .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Pan American plane. Narsarssuak AB do do do North latitude Canadian Department of Transport. do -do. West longitude St. Paul Island to 47 10 I 59 00 to 46 20 I 58 35 to 30 miles SW Scatari Island. 5 miles off Flint Is- land to 10 miles off Ingonish to Cape North. 5 miles off Cape North to 25 miles north of East Point. East Point to Cape George to Cape Bear. South of Cause- way. Strait of Canso. Northumberland Strait west of Cape George and Cape Bear. Tormentine to Cape Bald. Fhe'liac to Escu- minac to Ship- piean. West Point to North Point to 40 miles to NE. South side Bay Chaleur. Miscou to 10 miles W. 10 miles off Miscou to Bonaventure Island to Gaspe to Cape des Ho- siers. Description 45 58 48 24 48 28 47 25 56 18 47 41 45 56 45 42 45 55 47 50 51 18 46 41 Narsak to seaward. Fjord BW-1 harbor BW-3 harbor 48 24 48 27 48 56 48 46 48 18 48 14 46 11 46 19 46 47 43 12 43 12 43 19 (North of line from. I 48 28 1 52 00 1 to 48 28 I 49 02 48 13 48 23 48 25 48 36 48 41 48 56 48 58 54 45 49 08 49 13 49 17 51 56 51 36 50 14 50 25 45 30 Narsak to seaward Fiord BW-1 harbor BW-3 harbor Montreal to Quebec. Fame Point N. and W. to limit of 40- mile visibility. Fame Point to Bird Rocks to Paul Island to Cape Ray. 'Outside limits field ice. Inside limits field ice. Heavy ice. Ice. 25 percent loose drift. 95 percent heavy ice on island side. Strip close pack 1-2 miles wide. Clear. Close pack. Heavy close pack. Contmuous loose drift. Medium berg (same as No. 536). Radar target, possible berg. Berg. Medium heavy slush ice. Medium berg. Radar target, possible berg. 71 bergs, 100 percent close pack. 7 bergy bits, 100 percent close pack ice. Clear. 2 growlers, 3 bergy bits. Radar target, possible berg. Do. Do. Do. Berg. Do. Considerable pack ice. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 63 bergs, 40 percent drift ice. 100 percent close pack. Clear. 10 growlers, 2 bergy bits, 100 percent skim ice. Not navigable. Few strings loose drift. Scattered strings and patches, 10 per- cent cover. 342128—55- 23 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description Mar. 28 Canadian Department of Transport. do do do do do do. --- do.... do do do. do do do._.. do .-do. -do- .do_ ..do ...do. Mar. 29 ..do.... ..do.._. ..do. .do. .do. .do. do...- do do do. do.. . do do do_._. do do... Base Operations, Goose Bay. ...do do do Ragna Gorthon.- -. do - Ice Patrol plane ...do..-. ...do.-.- do.. ...do.-.. do --- ...do do ...do.... do ...do._.. do ...do..-. do ...do.-.. do ...do.--. do ...do.... do ...do.-.. do. ...do do .do. Stavengerfjord. do Kelley.... .do. ^5 miles off Cape North to 46 45 I 59 20 to 45 50 I 59 05 I to 10 miles off Sea- tari Island to 8 miles off Flint Island to 5 miles off Low Point to > White Point. NW. coast Cape Breton Island to end of 25-mile visibility. South of causeway, Strait of Canso. North entrance, Strait of Canso. George Bay George Bay to Pic- tou Island. Pictou Island to St. Peters Island. St. Peters Island to Borden. Borden to Buctou- che. Egmont Bay West Point to North Point. North Point to Shippigan Island. South side Bay Chaleur. Miscou Island east to limit 30-mile visibility. Miscou Island to Bonaventure Is- land. Bonaventure Is- land east to limit 30-mile visibility. ITrinitv Bay to NW."-SE. bound- ary pack at 48 40 I 50 10 49 15 I 49 35 to 50 30 I 50 30 48 12 47 48 47 55 47 56 47 57 47 58 48 00 48 01 48 03 48 06 48 07 48 07 48 09 48 09 /Line from 48 15 I to 48 00 I 51 00 to 48 15 1 50 00 to 47 50 I 48 10 to 47 50 I 47 19 44 56 52 40 48 14 48 02 48 30 47 15 48 00 48 06 49 01 51 31 48 08 49 16 47 30 47 48 52 00 48 24 48 33 47 00 46 47 44 30 44 27 59 30 59 29 46 45 I 59 12 to 46 29 I 59 08 ■Field ice. Heavy close pack. Scattered drift. Blocked by ice. Covered with close pack. Heavy close pack. Clear. 40 percent loose ice. Clear. Close pack. Narrow strip close pack. Clear. Heavy close pack. Large field loose ice. Clear. Large field. [Clear. ■Outer boundary pack. Large berg. Do. Berg. Growler. 3 bergs. Medium berg. Growler. Do. Small berg. Large berg. Growler. Medium berg. Growler. Do. )Southern limits of field ice. Large berg. Do. Small broken icefields. ■Field ice. 24 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date Name of vessel Mar. 29 Kelley _do._. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do.-., -do.... .do.— ..do ._do_.... Mar. 30 ..do ..do ..do..... .do. -do. .do... .do... -do... .do... -do— -do... .do- -do. -do. .-do. -do. -do. .--do. .-do- .do. Ice Patrol plane . Narsarssuak AB. do do _do- -do- .do. -do. -do. do do MormacdawTi Narsarssuak AB. do do North latitude West longitude 46 29 59 08 to 46 00 I 59 07 to 45 57 I 59 14 j 47 40 ! 51 15 String of field ice. 76 bergs, 50 percent fast ice. 6 bergs, 8 bergy bits, 30 percent fast ice. Clear. 1 berg, 3 bergy bits, 5 growlers, 75 per- cent fast ice. lOuter boundary of pack 10/10 covered. Close pack with many bergs and growlers in pack. Numerous large bergs. Heavy close pack. Many bergs and growlers in con- solidated pack. Close pack. Grease ice. Berg (same as No. 645) . I Polar winter ice, 9/10 covered many I bergs and growlers. Polar winter ice 4/10 covered. Many bergs grounded. Polar winter ice 4/10 covered. Do. 68 bergs, 35 percent close pack ice. 4 bergy bits, 10 percent close pack ice Clear. 3 bergy bits, 7 growlers, brash ice. Navigable with caution. Clear water. [Slush and slob ice. Clear water. Clear. Heavy field ice. Band of heavy ice over 30 mUes wide. Band of heavy ice 25 miles wide. 80 to 85 percent covered. Clear. Band close pack 2 miles wide. 30 percent cover loose ice. 25 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description Mar. 30 -do. Canadian Department of Transport. do Mar. 31. .-.do— - Cyrus Field. Sheldrake... .do.. ...do Apr. 1... ...do-.... ...do Sondrestrom AB_ ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. do Nova Scotia Godafoss. Canadian Department of Transport. do .do. .do. .do. ...do do. do .. do . do do do...-. do do ....do. - do Cyrus Field do do.. do do do.. . Valdez do.... Johnson do do . do do -- do . do do do do - do do do :::: do .. Godafoss do do do Ice Patrol plane do do do r.-.".'do... -..".-.ir.i.";...." do do..... do.. do do .... do do do do .... do do .. do do do..... do do do.-.. do do do..... -....do 47 43 / 64 40 65 00 66 30 \ 67 00 65 15 47 37 48 05 30 miles to N. and E. of North Point. 10 miles off North Point to Miscou. I 48 38 I 52 33 I 56 30 to I 55 40 to I 54 45 to I 54 35 I 56 00 52 24 I 45 55 Montreal to Que- bec. Quebec to Fame Point. 49 07 1 63 55 to 10 miles ofl Bird Rocks. Bird Rocks to St. Paul Island to Cape Ray. South and west coasts Newfound- land to Cape Ray. ^St. Paul Island to 46 50 1 59 00 to 46 50 I 58 50 to 45 35 I 59 20 to Scatari Island to Sydney Har- bor to Ingonish. Strait of Canso causeway to Mul- grave. George Bay. North Point to East Point. Eastward from Bonaventure Is- land of 30-mile visibility. 48 08 I 48 45 running 110° and 290° from posi- tion. 85 percent cover. Scattered patches. Large berg. Berg (same as No. 641). iPack boundary. Many bergs in area. Large berg (same as No. 697) . Small berg. Navigable with caution. Scattered ice. [Newly formed slob with some heavy I pieces. Clear. Do. 48 07 48 12 47 39 48 27 48 08 47 37 47 39 47 45 47 51 47 48 48 33 48 47 52 26 45 40 46 00 46 36 46 53 46 34 46 36 46 48 47 26 I 46 54 thence NW. 48 44 48 26 47 09 47 27 47 28 47 33 47 42 47 42 47 45 47 50 47 58 48 00 48 02 48 06 48 00 48 10 43 07 44 01 46 04 46 50 46 25 46 03 46 28 52 34 46 34 47 31 47 48 46 55 48 16 48 10 48 38 46 03 VField ice limits. Heavy drift ice. 85 percent cover. Heavy ice. Strings loose drift. Heavy field ice. Large berg. Do. Large berg (same as No. 700). Growler. Small berg. Berg. Do. Do. Berg (same as No. 672). Field ice. Berg. Berg (same as No. 655). Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Berg (same as No. 715). Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 26 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 739 Apr. 1— .--do do . 48 10 48 12 48 13 48 15 48 17 48 24 48 37 48 40 48 45 48 48 47 32 47 40 48 12 48 15 48 21 f 48 30 t 48 00 1 t 48 00 t 47 40 t 47 38 t 46 57 I to? 48 00 47 46 • 47 52 47 47 47 30 Narsak tc 49 32 49 22 48 33 48 05 47 51 44 10 51 14 50 20 51 06 50 36 46 52 47 50 48 22 48 19 45 32 52 20 0 52 20 0 49 18 0 49 05 0 47 07 0 46 11 Field ice. [ thence NW. 1049 ...do Mont Gaspe 47 55 1 44 11 Large berg. 1050 do do 48 03 1 44 11 Strait of Canso Do. 1051 ...do Canadian Department of Transport. Danaholm Little ice left. 1052 --.do 7 miles east of St. Paul Island to 8 Few small pieces ice. miles east Bird Rocks. 1053 ...do ...do Fort Avalon 46 30 46 33 59 30 59 36 Large growler. 1054 do Strings light field ice. 1055 Apr. 12 Paparoa 47 37 59 52 Long string light field ice. 1056 ...do Qrindefjell 47 07 44 50 Berg (same as No. 992) . 1057 ...do—.. do 47 22 44 42 Berg (same as No. 993). 1058 ...do do 47 32 44 19 Berg (same as No. 994). 1059 ...do Empress of France 46 39 43 53 Berg (same as No. 899). 1060 ...do....- Canadian Department of Montrea I to Sorel. Navigable with caution. Transport. 1061 ...do do Sorel to Fame Point. Broken to scattered ice. 1062 ...do do Fame Point to Clear. Bird r locks. 33 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date Apr. 12. ...do...- ..do.— ._do-— _do. -do. Apr. 13 -.do -do-... .do-.-., -do-—. -do -do-.... -.do. .do- .do. ...do. ..-do- -do. -do- .do- -do. -do- Apr. 14 .-.do -.-do— . -.do- .-do- .-do. ..do- ..do. .-do- -do- .-do- ..do. .-do- ..do- -do- -do- ..do. -do- ..do- ..do. ..do. Name of vessel Canadian Department of Transport. do do ...do... ...do... .do. .do- U. S. C. G. Cutter Ever- green. Oslofjord Narsarssuak AB do ..-do do Canadian Department of Transport, .--do -do -do- -do- .do. ....do. Hydro. -do. .do. .do- Calanda U. S. C. G. cutter Ever- green. Empress of Australia U. S. C. G. cutter Ever- green. do U. S. C. G. cutter Castle Rock. do do do ..--do ..--do -..-do .-.-do ---do Opequon --.-do Empress of Australia Narsarssuak AB. ..-.do ---do- -. ---.do North latitude West longitude f Brion Island to t 48 00 I 61 10 47 47 I 60 18 10 miles east of St. Paul Island. 46 30 I 59 36 Alongshore, Henry Island to Sea Wolf Island. Northumberland Strait. North coast Prince Edward Island to Grindstone. 47 28 47 03 45 30 48 40 Narsak to seaward Fjord BW-l harbor BW-3 harbor Montreal to SoreL Sorel to St. Jean Orleans. St. Jean Orleans to Fame Point. Fame Point to Bird Rocks to St. Paul Island to Cape Ray. South and west coasts New- foundland to Bay of Islands. 47 10 I 59 35 to 46 40 59 40 Strait of Canso ... From BW-3 har- bor to seaward 30 miles. Entrance Skov- fjord to BW-l. Hudson Strait from Charles Island to mouth. Cape Chidley to Cape Harrison. 47 30 47 50 46 30 46 17 47 56 46 05 Within 5 mUes radius of 47 56 46 22 48 03 45 55 48 24 47 10 48 32 46 53 48 36 46 54 48 38 46 50 48 41 46 42 48 44 46 51 48 44 46 28 48 55 46 41 50 00 46 20 46 29 59 42 46 59 59 55 47 44 46 10 and south. Narsak to seaward. Fjord BW-l harbor BW-3 harbor Description [Scattered field ice. Patch field ice. Icefield, 10 miles wide, 20 miles long. Strings field ice. Narrow strip field ice. Navigable throughout. Clear. Berg (same as No. 1029). Ice flakes. 110 bergs, 10 percent drift ice. 2 bergs, 9 bergv bits. Clear. 1 bergy bit, 1 growler. Navigable durmg daylight. Heavy broken ice. Scattered ice. Clear. Do. Narrow string field ice. 80 percent cover, ice moving to south. 8/10 cover, many bergs. Scattered brash, some bergs. 9/10-10/10 cover, few bergs. Pack boundary more than 90 miles offshore. Concentration 9/10 to 10/10. Many bergs in pack. 3 growlers, long strip brash. Radar target, probable berg. Berg. 3 growler.s, long strip brash. Radar target, probable berg. Berg. Numerous radar targets, probable bergs. Radar target, probable berg. Do. Do. Do. Growler. Berg. Do. Growler. Berg. Narrow strip field ice. Scattered field ice. Strings close ice. 73 bergs, drift ice. 1 growler. Clear. 1 bergy bit, 25 percent skim ice. 34 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 49 25 51 00 1 to 1 1108 Apr. 14 Goose Bay AB 50 10 1 51 45 Pack boundary. to 50 30 51 20 1109 __do do 50 35 51 45 50 43 53 00 1 to 51 00 1 53 00 1 Few N-S, belts. 1110 ...do do NW.-SE. belts. 51 10 1 53 30 ■ 1111 ...do do ■ to Do. 51 25 1 54 30 51 32 54 56 ' 1112 __.do do to Do. 52 00 1 55 16 1113 ...do do West coast Belle Isle. Few bergs. 1114 _ do do 53 15 55 15 Do. 1115 ...do do 54 40 57 00 51 00 55 25 Do. to 51 06 1 55 10 to 50 59 1 55 00 1116 ..do Sondrestrom AB to 50 08 1 54 28 to Ice belt 10/10 cover. 50 25 1 54 50 to 50 40 1 55 10 to Bell Island. Cape St. Charles to 51 55 1 55 43 to 1117 ___do do 51 43 1 55 00 to 51 00 1 54 24 Inner boundary pack ice. to I 49 40 1 54 05 52 40 1 52 45 to 53 00 1 52 30 to 53 05 1 53 00 to 53 35 I 53 15 to 55 30 1 56 10 to 55 55 1 57 20 to 56 30 1 58 05 to 57 00 1 58 23 to 57 30 1 59 30 1118 ...do do < to 58 00 1 59 20 Outer boundary pack ice. to 58 30 1 59 10 to , 58 45 1 59 20 to 59 00 1 59 02 to 59 30 1 59 45 to 60 00 1 59 22 to 60 30 1 59 15 to 61 40 1 58 25 to I 62 15 57 45 1119 Apr. 15 U. S. C. G. cutter Cook 47 10 47 00 Berg. 1120 1121 _-.do.-^ -.do— ^ ...do- — Inlet. Empress of Australia do --- 47 10 47 49 46 57 46 27 Berg (same as No. 1119). Berg (same as No. 1090) . 1122 do f 47 37 1 46 27 1 and to ESE. JLoose strings of field ice. 35 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date Apr. 15 .._do— .. ...do -_.do ...do _-_do ...do ...do ...do .--do --.do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do .-do ...do .--do .-.do --.do ...do ...do ---do ...do -.-do --.do ...do. ...do. ...do- ..-do. ...do. ..-do- ...do. ...do- — do. ...do.. .-do- -do..- .do.— -do-.. -do—, -do.— -do..- -do— .. -do.--. -do -do- -do. -do.—. -do. Name of vessel U. S. C. G. cutter Ever- green. U. S. C. G. cutter Cook Inlet. -..-do ..-.do -—do ....do ...-do -.-.do ...-do ---do -..-do do .--do -.--do ....do -.--do .-.do—. --..do .--do -...do do --..do Monica Smith ---.do ----do --. Ice Patrol plane --..do -.-do do -do ..do .-do -.do ..do ..do--- ..do .-do ..do ..do -do. do do do do Monica Smith. do Beaverglen TWA aircraft-. Brimswick Cornwood- Goose Bay AB. ..do- Thule AB. North latitude 48 56 47 54 48 07 48 10 48 15 48 30 48 35 48 35 48 38 48 39 48 42 48 43 48 43 48 46 48 49 48 50 49 10 48 11 48 45 48 50 48 51 48 59 48 02 48 07 48 09 47 04 47 22 47 30 47 46 47 52 47 59 48 02 48 03 48 11 48 17 48 19 48 20 48 21 48 25 West longitude 46 39 46 02 46 20 46 15 46 00 45 47 46 14 46 20 46 12 46 00 46 23 45 51 46 30 43 35 46 03 46 15 46 23 46 11 46 20 46 29 46 28 46 26 43 33 43 22 42 54 47 03 44 32 44 15 46 22 45 56 46 25 47 41 46 00 45 28 48 35 47 49 47 35 46 48 46 52 Within 20-mile radius of 48 26 48 34 47 23 48 GO 48 04 47 30 47 34 46 49 49 52 47 27 46 23 46 12 48 22 46 32 45 45 45 32 44 30 44 29 47 03 48 08 46 32 59 30 and 10 miles to ESE. 49 25 I 51 00 to 50 18 I 51 45 50 30 49 35 to 49 55 66 38 to 51 20 51 00 00 51 05 I 54 50 to i 54 45 to 67 30 I 54 50 to 67 53 I 55 00 to 68 02 I 54 40 to 68 40 I 54 00 69 00 69 55 I 54 00 to I 56 00 to I 56 00 Description Berg and 2 growlers. Radar target possible berg. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 2 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Growler. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Berg (same as No. 1120). Berg. Do. Berg (same as No. 1090) . Berg (same as No. 1089) . Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 15 bergs. Berg. Growler. Do. Do. Do. Do. Berg (same as No. 1148). 3 large bergs and several small bergs. Berg. ■Strings of field ice. Pack boundary. Few bergs. Pack boundary. 36 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued No. 1176 1177 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 Date Name of vessel North West latitude longitude Description Apr. 15 ._do ..do_ ._do- _do. .__do_--. Apr. 16 ...do _-_do_ -.do. ...do_ ...do_ ...do. ...do. ...do. 1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200 1201 1202 1203 1204 1025 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 Apr. 17 ...do....- .do. ...do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Apr. 18 ...do..... ...do...-. ...do ...do ...do ...do..... ...do ...do..... ...do.-... ...do.... ...do.... ...do.... ...do- ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. Apr. ...do. ...do. ...do. Thule AB. do .do. .do- Canadian Department of Transport. do Ryholm Newfoundland. do U. S. N. S. Johnson. Oris Germa Hydro. Zuiderkruis Canadian Department of Transport. U. S. S. PCEC 877- Narsarssuak AB — ----do-.. do ....do Lauren tia Pan American aircraft. Laurentia 66 40 56 00 Area SW of Disko Island. Vicinity Upemivik. Vicinity Bushnan Islands and Cape York to Conical Rock. West coast Belle Isle. 53 15 1 55 15 Three Rivers to Quebec. Quebec to Fame Point. 45 10 44 03 43 55 59 28 48 12 47 13 47 17 46 22 and east 10 miles. 46 24 I 47 10 48 31 I 45 35 Few miles offshore from Upemivik to Disko Island at 70°00' N. to 20 miles offsliore Egedseminde to 68 40 I 54 00 to 62 20 I 57 40 to 57 30 I 59 00 to 54 00 I 53 45 to 51 00 I 51 00 to 49 00 I 51 30 to 50 00 I 51 30 to 50 00 I 54 00 to Battle Harbor 46 10 I 47 30 Montreal to Que- bec to Orleans Island. 45 58 I 59 30 Narsak to seaward. Fjord BW-3 harbor BW-1 harbor 46 24 45 00 49 36 46 05 .do. U.S. C. G. Cutter Bibb.. ....do ....do ....do Vandalia U. S. C. G. Cutter Bibb.. do do do U. S. N. S.Johnson Canadian Department of Transport. U. S. C. Q. Cutter Bibb.. do do do do TWA aircraft Saggat TWA aircraft Navy aircraft 51 28 47 37 48 26 48 31 48 33 48 33 46 01 48 22 48 23 48 23 48 24 47 22 Mulgrave and Canso Straits. 48 09 I 47 46 47 21 47 25 47 17 47 18 47 47 47 16 47 13 47 17 47 11 44 32 48 11 48 12 48 17 48 18 49 40 49 30 49 45 47 31 47 30 47 27 47 15 48 37 42 22 49 10 50 miles south of Holsteinsborg. 47 15 1 46 40 Heavy concentration bergs. Do. Do. Do. Few bergs. Do. Much broken ice. Scattered ice. Large growler. Berg (same as No. 1149). Berg (same as No. 1150). [Field ice. Berg (same as No. 1169). Large berg. Pack boundary. Berg (same as No. 1188). Clear. Strip scattered field ice 2 miles long. 69 bergs. Growler some brash. Bergy bit. Clear. Radar target possible berg (same as No. 1059). 6 large bergs. Radar target possible berg (same as No. 1191). Radar target possible berg. Do. Growler. Do. Medium berg (same as No. 1200). Radar target possible berg. Do. Do. Do. Berg. No ice. Radar target possible berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. 3 bergs. 4 radar targets possible bergs. 2 bergs. 20 bergs. Radar target possible berg (same as No. 1171). 37 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description Apr. 20 .-.do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do Apr. 21 .do_.-_, -do ...do. ...do. Krageholm Ice Patrol plane Stavangerfjord ..._do.. -._.do -...do ..--do ....do .-..do .-.-do Empress of Scotland. Siredal Prins Willem Van Oranje. Empress of Scotland. Hoyanger .do- -do. Stavangerfjord- Newfoundland- -do- -do -do -do -do -do -do .do -do -do -do -do -do -do -do .do -do -do .do -do -do .do .do .do -do .do .do .do.... .do.... .do— - .do.-, -do.... -do.— -do.... -do.... .do.... -do.— -do.-. .do-.- .do— - .do— -do— -do— . Hoyanger Newfoundland Ice Patrol plane do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do -do- .do- 47 10 46 01 48 50 48 54 49 02 49 07 49 08 49 09 49 09 49 13 46 20 47 50 46 07 46 20 47 30 48 06 48 09 47 24 47 58 47 17 46 55 46 57 46 50 46 51 46 47 47 00 46 25 45 44 45 20 48 27 48 25 48 00 50 35 50 02 to 47 58 I 49 55 to 48 05 1 49 15 Queen City- 47 55 46 07 48 18 48 00 48 02 48 03 48 05 48 05 48 05 48 05 48 07 48 07 48 12 48 12 48 14 48 42 48 48 48 55 49 00 49 04 49 23 49 26 49 27 49 27 49 33 49 33 49 34 49 37 49 40 48 26 48 27 48 33 48 41 48 41 48 49 49 08 49 12 49 12 49 26 49 28 48 03 48 37 49 03 49 20 to 48 00 I to 48 00 I to 48 40 I thence 46 06 I 47 50 48 28 46 09 48 17 49 22 49 57 49 18 49 47 50 10 50 37 49 21 49 59 48 53 49 25 48 52 53 08 44 54 51 29 50 29 45 26 53 23 51 07 50 11 50 53 50 29 51 07 50 13 53 07 50 41 48 13 47 56 47 15 46 11 47 17 45 42 47 22 45 17 45 27 46 21 47 17 49 52 45 56 50 00 51 55 49 25 47 40 47 30 NW. 48 32 Radar target possible berg. Berg. Radar target possible berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Radar target possible berg (same as No. 1198). Radar target possible berg. Radar target possible berg (same as No. 1205). Radar target possible berg (same as No. 1234). Radar target possible berg (same as No. 1235). Southern limits of field ice. Berg. Field ice. Berg (same as No. 1236). Growler. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Radar target possible berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Growler. Do. Do. do Godafoss 47 43 iField ice limits. Radar target possible berg (same as No. 1240). 2 bergs. 38 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description Apr. 21 Goose Bay AB. ..do. Apr. 22 ...do ...do...- .do- .do. -do. .do. -do- -do. .do. .do. .do. -do- .do. .do- .do- .do. .do. .do- -do. .do. .do_ .do. .do. .do. -do. U. S. C. G. Cutter Sebago. Montcalm _. U. S. C. G. Cutter Sebago. do do Nova Scotia do do do Navy aircraft Manchester Prospector. _ do Ice Patrol plane do Themisto do do do do do do Nova Scotia do do :---- do .do. Apr. 23 __.do..... __.do..... --do ...do—.. ...do Apr. 24 ...do ...do ...do .-do— .. .do. Thule AB- -do- Pan American aircraft. Desdemona Stockholm Desdemona RCAF aircraft Ogna County Siredal Unknown aircraft do Empress of Australia. Blairspey / 49 00 52 00 to 49 25 I 51 00 to 48 40 I 50 10 to { 49 25 I 49 40 to 50 20 I 51 30 to 50 15 I 50 00 to \ 50 30 I 49 10 50 30 I 53 20 to 50 32 I 52 25 to 51 10 I 54 00 to 51 00 I 55 10 to 50 45 I 55 00 to 50 45 I 55 25 to St. Peter Bay 48 14 47 32 46 26 47 28 47 38 47 34 47 14 47 25 47 22 47 22 48 07 46 24 46 33 45 55 46 25 47 16 47 19 47 20 47 32 47 26 47 27 47 28 47 15 47 21 47 24 47 24 47 22 47 20 76 27 47 16 47 17 47 12 47 29 47 35 47 25 47 31 47 22 47 20 47 09 47 16 47 09 47 15 47 03 47 25 48 08 48 14 47 30 47 44 48 21 70 15 76 37 I 70 20 to 77 08 I 71 15 to 77 25 I 72 40 to \ 77 50 I 71 45 NW. of Saunders Island. 48 50 46 03 45 45 46 04 45 55 46 14 47 12 45 44 46 00 47 17 46 51 47 10 48 48 48 07 47 46 49 15 47 23 48 51 47 55 48 34 47 03 47 10 >Pack boundary. Do. 2 bergs (same as No. 1285). Radar target possible berg (same as No. 1222). Berg. Do. Growler. Large berg. Berg. Growler. Do. Berg. Berg (same as No. 1289). Growler. Medium berg (same as No. 1284). Small berg (same as No. 1298). Small berg. Berg (same as No. 1294). Low berg (same as No. 1290). Large berg (same as No. 1291). Growler. Do. Do. Large berg (same as No. 1293). Large berg (same as No. 1288) . Do. Growler. Field ice. >Fast ice boundary. Many bergs. Berg. Large berg. Growler. Radar target jpossible berg (same as No. 1301). Large berg (same as No. 1317). 4 growlers. Radar target possible berg. Medium berg (same as No. 1319). Large berg (same as No. 1320). Small berg and growler (same as No. 1290). Berg (same as No. 1293). 342128—55- 39 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description Apr. 25 ---do --do -..do ...do-— . ...do -.-do ...do.— . --.do— - --.do ...do --.do ---do -.-do..... --.do --.do -.-do ...do --.do --.do --.do ...do --.do --.do ...do.-... --.do ...do ...do -..do —do..... ...do ...do -..do ...do --.do ...do ...do—., -..do..... ...do..-. —do -..do-.... ...do..... --do— . ...do --.do.—, -..do...-. ...do --do ...do.-.. ...do —do..... ...do..... --do -do. August Sartori-- Oardenia Blue Foam St. Johns radio- - August Sartori-- Ice Patrol plane . do do do do do do do do do do do do --.-do do-.- do do do do do..- do do do do do do do do do do do do do- ---- do do do do do- do do do do do do do do do do .do- .-.do--. ...do ...do—-. --.do -..do—.. ...do-... --.do .-.do.-... ...do -..do- ..do. ..do- ....do .--.do .---do .--.do ....do ....do ...do .-..do ...do- Ardgren- - Gardenia. do...- 45 31 46 13 47 50 47 30 48 40 45 44 46 23 46 25 46 32 46 53 46 56 46 58 47 00 47 00 47 01 47 02 47 05 47 07 47 08 47 11 47 12 47 13 47 14 47 16 47 16 47 17 47 20 47 22 47 23 47 25 47 26 47 32 47 36 47 39 47 40 47 40 47 42 47 42 47 42 47 42 47 43 47 43 47 44 47 45 47 46 47 47 47 48 47 48 47 49 47 49 47 51 47 52 48 02 48 05 46 52 49 40 52 00 44 40 48 12 46 40 46 30 46 50 47 42 47 10 46 42 46 33 46 47 46 42 47 04 46 51 47 02 46 38 46 45 46 57 47 41 47 03 46 59 47 07 47 39 46 20 46 48 46 59 47 00 46 20 48 59 48 13 53 09 48 40 49 17 48 47 48 58 49 11 49 33 48 59 49 37 49 25 49 10 49 33 44 45 48 15 49 10 44 34 44 41 44 38 49 37 50 11 (Within lO.-mlle ra- dius of I 48 03 I 49 39 48 05 48 08 48 09 48 12 45 45 46 59 47 21 46 50 47 40 52 11 50 11 52 40 52 32 48 04 46 53 45 18 48 00 51 34 48 00 I 51 00 to 47 12 I 47 27 to 47 42 I 46 22 thence NW. 47 37 45 56 45 54 47 12 47 52 47 36 2 bergs (same as Nos. 1318 and 1323). Berg and growler (same as No. 1303) Large berg. Berg. Do. Medium berg (same as No. 1327). Small berg. Medium berg. Medium berg (same as No. 1326). Medium berg (same as No. 1310). Large berg (same as No. 1294). Medium berg (same as No. 1325). Small berg (same as No. 1304). Small berg. Medium berg. Large berg (same as No. 1305). Small berg. Small berg (same as No. 1302). Large berg. Do. Medium berg. Large berg (same as No. 1311). Medium berg. Large berg. Do. Medium berg. Large berg. Medium berg. Small berg. Medium berg. Small berg. Do. Medium berg. Do. Do. Small berg. Medium berg. Small berg. Medium berg. Large berg. Do. Mediimi berg. 2 medium bergs. Small berg. Do. Large berg. Small berg. Do. Medium berg. Do. Small berg. •Large berg (same as No. 1329). Medium berg. 1-13 bergs. Small berg. Do. Large berg. Do. Growler. Do. Do. Radar target possible berg. iField ice limits. Numerous growlers. Bergs. Growler. 40 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description Apr, 25 ...do-— - _..do _..do Apr. 26 ...do.--.. -do. .do. .do. -do- .do- .do. .do. .do. .do. .do- .do. .do. -do- .do. .do. .do. .do. ...do- .do. -..do- .do- .do. Hydro- ---.do -..-do -..-do U. S. C. G. cutter Coos Bay. ----do Cairngowan- Lovisa Gorthon ----do Cairngowan A tlant ic U. S. C. Q. cutter Ever- green. Atlantic do U. S. C. G. cutter Ever- green. --..do Ravnef jell Lismoria do do do.. U. S. C. green. do.. G. cutter Ever- Hydro. .do- -do- -do- Apr. 27 ...do..... ...do --.do --.do --.do --.do -_-do -..do -..do -..do do Vaillant.. Haulerwijk Manchuria .._ do _ U. S. C. G. cutter Ever- green. Manchuria do --. do -. Stoefjeld do do 52 15 55 00 to 51 50 I 54 40 to 51 30 I 54 45 to 50 20 1 54 00 to 51 00 I 53 20 to 51 10 I 52 40 to 50 00 I 53 50 to 49 10 I 51 40 to 50 00 I 51 20 to 52 45 I 52 00 Fjord to BW-1 BW-1 harbor BW-3 harbor 46 52 I 47 33 46 55 I 47 25 IWithin 6-mile radl- ' us of 46 51 46 22 46 22 46 55 46 13 46 55 46 07 46 10 46 40 46 52 45 41 46 12 46 14 46 16 46 22 46 41 47 22 45 15 45 28 47 03 46 34 47 38 46 26 46 09 47 19 47 21 48 29 46 12 46 38 46 26 46 20 47 09 46 41 47 00 Battle Harbor to 51 00 I 55 00 to 50 00 I 51 00 to 49 00 I 49 51 30 I to 55 45 I 30 50 00 50 00 56 50 I 58 00 to \ 60 00 I 57 20 East of Grey Islands. BW-1 harbor and fjord. BW-3 harbor en- trance and fjord. /Cape Farewell to 48 00 50 40 44 49 47 28 47 32 46 31 \ 60 30 47 35 48 22 46 04 46 07 46 40 46 14 46 06 46 15 47 56 48 00 48 05 46 33 47 17 46 35 52 35 52 34 52 23 Boundary of main pack. Many bergs. Clear. Scattered bergy bits and growlers. Berg (same as No. 1337). Berg (same as No. 1342). [4 large bergs, 2 small bergs (same as [ Nos. 1336, 1344, 1348, 1352, 1397, 1398). Large berg. 2 bergs. 2 growlers. Berg (same as No. 1334). 2 bergs (same as Nos. 1397 and 1398). Small berg (same as No. 1328) . Berg (same as No. 1333). Berg (same as No. 1399). 3 bergs (same as No. 1399). 2 radar targets possible bergs. Berg (same as No. 1405). Berg (same as No. 1403). Berg and 2 growlers. Berg (same as No. 1335). Berg (same as No. 1338). Radar target possible berg. Pack boundary. Many bergs. Clear. Scattered bergs. [Many bergs, 4/10 cover icefield. Large berg. Berg. Berg (same as No. 1407). 2 bergs (same as Nos. 1399 and 1414) . Berg. Large berg (same as No. 1411). Growler. Do. Berg. Do. Do. 41 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 Apr. 27.. ...do ...do ...do....- ...do Apr. 28 do M anchuria Sheldrake U. S. C. G. cutter Ever- green. Cyrus Field do Empress of France .do. - --.. 46 47 46 48 49 46 46 46 ( 46 1 46 46 46 44 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 46 45 45 45 46 45 45 46 46 46 46 46 46 44 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 03 35 40 40 00 15 16 12 11 t 12 12 16 20 28 34 37 39 41 45 47 56 56 05 42 49 51 05 56 58 00 06 08 10 11 37 22 25 25 28 30 31 34 36 37 38 39 42 42 44 45 45 45 48 48 50 51 04 08 12 13 18 27 34 48 57 12 15 15 16 18 19 19 20 23 28 29 30 31 31 32 47 52 47 51 51 47 47 48 47 47 47 47 48 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 46 46 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 46 47 48 45 47 47 47 48 47 46 47 44 44 47 47 47 45 47 47 46 47 47 47 47 47 47 46 47 47 47 48 47 48 47 48 45 48 48 49 47 48 50 48 49 49 52 49 30 34 09 30 00 38 11 18 30 21 21 11 18 35 33 15 43 32 38 39 19 23 31 56 21 07 44 18 17 05 11 24 04 56 41 13 02 54 42 57 00 40 58 50 35 38 06 57 02 13 22 40 28 00 39 29 33 28 04 32 01 20 47 40 14 16 58 08 15 11 42 10 52 42 10 29 19 12 32 19 Growlers. Berg. Berg and 3 growlers (same as No. 1408). Several small growlers and strings of slob. Southern edge loose field ice. Large berg (same as No. 1404). Berg (same as No. 1399).- 1439 1440 1441 ...do....- ...do do do do.... . .do 7 large growlers. iMany small scattered pieces. Strings brash. 1442 do ....do Do. 1443 1444 1445 ..do ...do do Spreewald Birte Hugo Stinnes do .... .... Large berg (same as No. 1327) . Berg (same as No. 1391). Berg (same as No. 1339). 1446 1447 1448 ...do..... ...do...- ...do ...do do do do do Berg (same as No. 1340). Berg (same as No. 1350). Berg (same as No. 1341). 1449 1450 do do Berg (same as No. 1343). Berg (same as No. 1349) . 1451 1452 1453 ...do..... ...do ...do ...do ...do do do do do Berg (same as No. 1346). Berg (same as No. 1347). Berg (same as No. 1426). 1454 do Growler. 1455 do Do. 1456 do. . .- Do. 1457 1458 ...do ...do ...do do Empress of France New York City Berg (same as No. 1351). Berg (same as No. 1424). 1459 1460 do do Berg (same as No. 1424). Berg (same as No. 1353). 1461 do do Berg (same as No. 1423). 1462 1463 ...do do do .do Berg (same as No. 1413). Berg (same as No. 1355). 1464 ...do ...do..— -.do.-.-. do do Berg (same as No. 1356). 1465 Berg (same as No. 1404). 1466 Ice Patrol plane.. Large berg and growler (same as No. 1467 do 1443). Small berg (same as No. 1406). 1468 do do . Large berg. 1469 1470 1471 1472 ...do..... ..do...- ...do do do do do do Medium berg (same as No. 1444). Large berg. Medium berg. Medium berg (same as No. 1445). 1473 ...do..... do do Small berg. 1474 do . Large berg (same as No. 1447). 1475 1476 ...do do do.... do Small berg (same as No. 1400). Small berg (same as No. 1401). 1477 do do Medium berg. 1478 do do Large berg. 1479 1480 1481 ...do ...do ...do-..- do do do do Small berg. Small berg (same as No. 1410). Large berg (same as No. 1448). 1482 do 2 small bergs (same as Nos. 1449, 1450) . 1483 1484 ...do ...do ...do-..- ...do ...do ...do do do . .do Medium berg. Do. 1485 do Do. 1486 1487 1488 1489 do do do do Large berg. Medium berg. Large berg fsame as No. 1399) . Small berg (same as No. 1463). 1490 ...do..... do do . Small berg (same as No. 1425). 1491 do Medium berg (same as No. 1464). 1492 1493 1494 ...do..... ...do..... do do do do Large berg. Large berg (same as No. 1465) . Large berg (same as No. 1358). 1495 1496 1497 ...do..... ...do do do do do - Small berg. Medium berg (same as No. 1363) . Small berg (same as No. 1373). 1498 1499 1500 1501 1502 ...do ...do....- ...do ...do..... .do do do do do do Medium berg (same as No. 1361). Small berg. Medium berg (same as No. 1367) . Small berg (same as No. 1370). Small berg (same as No. 1362). 1503 1504 1505 1506 ...do ...do..... ...do do do do do do Medium berg (same as No. 1359). Small berg (same as No. 1365). Small berg (same as No. 1421). Small berg (same as No. 1364). 1507 do .... . .do Small berg (same as No. 1366). 1508 do do 2 small bergs (same as No. 1369) . 1509 1510 ...do..... ...do.-... .....do - — do Small berg (same as No. 1433) . Small berg (same as No. 1371). 42 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 1511 Apr. 28.- Ice Patrol plane 47 32 49 48 Medium berg. 1512 ...do do 47 34 49 32 Small berg. 1513 ...do do 47 35 49 35 Do. 1514 ...do do - 47 36 49 51 2 small bergs. 1515 ...do do 47 40 49 39 Small berg. 1516 ...do do 47 41 52 31 Medium berg (same as No. 1430). 1517 ...do.... do 47 44 52 38 Small berg. 1518 ...do-.... do 47 45 44 55 Do. 1519 ...do ...do.—. do -. 47 45 47 46 49 50 49 00 Do. 1520 do Medium berg. 1521 ...do do 47 46 49 31 Large berg (same as No. 1329). 1522 ...do ...do-—. do. 47 47 47 47 49 09 50 20 Small berg. 1523 do Do. 1524 . do do 47 48 47 50 49 15 50 00 Do. 1525 ...do do Do. 1526 ...do do 47 52 47 52 47 54 45 30 50 03 48 45 Small berg (same as No. 1357). 1527 . do . do Medium berg. 1528 ...do do Medium berg (sarre as No. 1374). 1529 do do 47 55 47 56 47 56 49 10 48 48 49 18 Small berg. 1530 ...do.... do. Medium berg. 1531 ...do..... do-. Small berg. 1532 ...do-.... do 47 56 49 46 Do. 1533 ...do do 47 57 48 52 Do. 1534 ...do—.. do 47 57 48 57 Medium berg. 1535 ...do do 47 57 50 11 Small berg. 1536 ...do..... do 47 57 50 55 Do. 1537 ...do...-. do 47 59 49 20 Do. 1538 ...do do 48 00 51 50 Do. 1539 ...do..... do 48 01 52 09 Do. 1540 ...do...-. do 48 03 49 42 Do. 1541 ...do do 48 03 52 42 Do. 1542 -..do__... do 48 05 50 03 Medium berg. 1543 ...do..... do 48 06 48 20 Small berg. 1544 ...do do 48 07 52 35 Do. 1545 ...do-.__. do 48 15 51 05 Medium berg. 1546 ...do-.-.. ...do do 48 15 46 05 51 15 47 15 Do. 1547 do 2 growlers. 1548 ...do .... do 46 08 46 12 47 20 47 15 Growler. 1549 ...do..... do Do. 1550 . do — do 46 15 46 27 46 41 47 12 47 15 47 10 Do. 1551 ...do do Do. 1552 ...do..... do 3 growlers. 1553 ...do do 47 00 47 15 Growler. 1554 ...do do 47 10 48 10 48 08 51 08 0 47 45 0 47 25 0 47 15 0 Do. 47 25 1555 ...do..... do { 47 22 Field ice limits. 47 45 t thence NW. 1556 ...do..-. ...do ...do-... Alf Lindeberg- 45 28 46 40 46 55 45 30 47 50 48 25 Berg (same as No. 1413). 1557 Berg (same as No. 1493). 1558 do Berg (same as No. 1494). 1559 ...do do 47 31 46 40 Berg. 1560 Apr. 29... U. S. C. G. Cutter Evergreen. 46 05 47 13 Berg (same as No. 1452). 1561 ...do do 46 05 47 16 Berg (same as No. 1459). 1562 ...do—.. do 46 10 46 27 Radar target possible berg (same as No. 1453). 1563 ...do—. do 46 11 47 12 Berg (same as No. 1451) . 1564 ...do—. do 46 13 47 13 Berg (same as No. 1462). 1565 ...do do 46 11 47 02 2 growlers. 1566 do do 46 18 46 07 46 12 46 15 47 09 47 30 47 30 47 31 Growler. 1567 ...do do Surf Berg (same as No. 1457). 1568 do Berg. 1569 ...do U. S. C. G. Cutter Berg and 2 growlers (same as No. 1437) . Evergreen. 1570 ...do ...do— 48 00 50 10 49 08 51 25 Large berg, wide belt of field ice. 1571 Pan American aircraft Several large bergs. 1572 ...do Luksefjell 47 52 49 38 4 bergs. 1573 ...do—. ...do do do 48 00 46 32 46 41 46 19 46 20 46 21 49 35 46 11 46 10 46 09 46 12 45 54 8 bergs. 1574 Berg. 1575 do Do. 1576 ...do do Do. 1577 do Berg (same as No. 1491). 1578 ...do do Berg (same as No. 1490). 1579 ...do..... ...do ...do do 46 28 44 25 45 12 46 10 48 21 45 12 Berg (same as No. 1579). 1580 Ice Patrol plane ... Medium berg (same as No. 1466). 1581 ... .do.. Small berg (same as No. 1467). 1582 ...do do 45 25 47 57 Small berg (same as No. 1468). 1583 ...do—.. do 45 26 48 00 Small berg (same as No. 1471). 43 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description Apr. 29.. ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do.... ...do ...do ...do ...do.... ...do ...do .--do-.... ---do.... ...do.... -..do... ---do --.do ...do ...do...: ---do.... —do..... ...do... ...do.-.. ...do... --do.-..: ---do.... ...do.... ...do ---do.... -..do ---do --.do.... ...do..... ...do ---do .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. -do. -do. -do. Ice Patrol plane- do do do do do do do do do.. do do do .....do do do do do do do do do do do do do... do do do do do do Ascania do do do Kungsholm do do do Trolleholm do Prins Alexander.. Georgic do do do do do do do do do do. Ascania do do do Manchester Port. do .do... .do... .do... .do .. Goose Bay AB. 45 33 45 33 45 38 45 38 45 40 45 42 45 47 45 47 45 51 45 51 45 53 45 57 46 23 46 49 47 18 47 18 47 19 47 19 47 21 47 22 47 23 47 27 47 32 47 32 47 35 47 36 47 37 47 37 47 37 44 23 45 41 47 19 46 29 46 34 46 32 46 38 45 32 45 39 45 57 46 06 46 08 45 58 46 24 46 02 46 06 46 07 46 07 46 17 46 18 46 19 46 20 46 22 46 24 46 09 46 23 46 36 46 22 46 31 45 50 45 53 45 59 46 02 46 20 46 20 48 35 49 00 49 50 50 30 49 35 50 50 51 10 51 45 52 45 47 26 47 43 45 08 47 44 47 36 45 18 47 18 47 26 47 00 47 18 47 13 47 08 47 40 47 48 47 45 47 57 47 50 48 30 48 39 48 51 48 59 49 20 49 12 52 32 49 20 52 28 49 04 49 30 50 00 48 00 45 11 48 32 46 17 46 20 46 19 46 21 45 U 45 23 44 43 44 54 45 00 45 00 47 42 47 22 46 56 47 00 47 12 46 32 46 14 46 30 46 10 47 42 46 36 46 24 47 40 46 54 47 20 46 52 46 55 47 08 46 29 46 07 45 55 46 06 49 20 to I 51 00 to I 51 15 to I 52 30 to I 53 10 to I 54 20 to I 54 45 to I 54 50 to I 55 30 Small berg (same as No. 1472). Medium berg (same as No. 1469). Berg (same as No. 1556). Berg (same as No. 1470). Berg (same as No. 1474) . Berg (same as No. 1480) . Medium berg (same as No. 1482). Berg (same as No. 1482). Berg (same as No. 1481). Berg (same as No. 1486) . Berg (same as No. 1485). Medium berg (same as No. 1488). Small berg (same as No. 1557) . Medium berg (same as No. 1497). Small berg (same as No. 1503). Medium berg (same as No. 1500). Medium berg (same as No. 1498) Small berg (same as No. 1509). Medium berg (same as No. 1504) Small berg (same as No. 1502). Small berg (same as No. 1508). Small berg (same as No. 1507). Berg (same as No. 1508). Small berg (same as No. 1509). Medium berg (same as No. 1513). Medium berg (same as No. 1516). Small berg (same as No. 1510). Small berg (same as No. 1515). Small berg. Growler. Do. Do. Berg (same as No. 1579) . Berg (same as No. 1562). 3 growlers. Growler. Large berg (same as No. 1586). Small berg and growler (same as No. 1589). Small berg and growler. Large berg and growler. Berg (same as No. 1623) . Several growlerAs. Large berg (same as No. 1596) . Large berg (same as No. 1561). Large berg (same as No. 1461). Large berg (same as No. 1460). Small berg (same as No. 1487). Medium berg (same as No. 1617). Small berg. Large berg. Small berg. Large berg. Medium berg. 2 growlers. Large berg (same as No. 1635). Berg and growler (same as No. 1492). Growler. Do. Large berg (same as No. 1484). Large berg and growlers (same as No. 1595). Small berg (same as No. 1483). Medium berg and growlers. Medium berg (same as No. 1578). Berg and growler (same as No. 1576). Pack boundary. 44 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description Apr. 29. ...do_._.. ...do..... ...do..... Apr. 30. ...do-... ...do.... ...do.... ...do.... ...do.... ...do.... ...do-... __.do__. ._-do__. ...do.... ...do... ...do... -_.do__. ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do._. ...do... ...do... ...do__. ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... .do.... ...do.... _.-do_... May 1 ...do.... ...do.... ...do.-.. ...do--.. ...do-... ...do.--. _..do__.. .-do_... ...do.... _-do_ --do. --do- --do. --do- --do- --do- .-do. .-do- --do- -.do. . -do- Qoose Bay AB- do do do Georgic Ascania Empress of Scotland- do do do do do do do do Manchester Port do do do _. do --. do do Montalts do Empress of France. . . do U. S. N. S. Rosebud. do Idefjord Capitaine Pleven do do Kristtna Thorden Franciska Hendrik Fisser. Beaverford MSTS St. Johns Hydro. do do Idefjord Consuelo Irmingard Beaverford do do do Samaria Idefjord Italia.- - Irmingard Samaria Stavangerfjord Samaria Italia Idefjord Italia Samaria do Cairnesk do Hydro White Bay Notre Dame Bay. St. -Anthony Strait of Belle Isle- 46 05 46 23 45 35 45 36 45 37 45 37 45 48 45 54 45 58 45 59 45 42 45 27 45 32 45 35 45 36 45 36 45 46 45 51 47 14 47 09 45 51 45 54 Simiutaq Bay Eastern Bay 48 36 48 00 47 51 47 33 47 42 47 48 47 31 47 25 47 08 46 32 47 55 48 00 47 38 47 45 47 38 47 42 47 29 47 20 44 34 45 29 45 13 46 12 47 25 44 ,■58 45 20 47 50 45 22 48 48 45 30 47 22 44 23 48 20 46 12 46 45 46 19 45 40 \i mile off St. Johns Harbor entrance. 48 30 I 49 20 to 49 00 i 51 00 to 50 00 I 51 20 to 50 30 1 52 30 to 49 30 I 53 15 to 51 10 I 54 40 52 00 I 55 40 to 52 45 I 55 30 BW-l harbor BW-3 harbor 45 45 45 20 47 56 46 08 46 10 46 19 46 19 46 05 45 24 46 30 47 20 45 57 48 10 44 45 47 13 47 00 46 31 46 33 47 47 47 34 45 50 47 26 46 08 47 11 46 00 48 00 46 02 46 44 46 06 46 15 45 18 47 30 46 01 46 55 46 10 46 07 46 15 46 06 46 56 45 14 47 03 45 26 Clear. Do. Do. 3/10 cover with scattered belts 10/10 cover. Radar target probably field ice. Berg (same as No. 1635). Berg (same as No. 1478). Berg (same as No. 1585). Berg (same as No. 1587). Berg. Berg (same as No. 1627). Berg (same as No. 1591). Berg (same as No. 1630). Berg (same as No. 1644) . Growler. Radar target possible berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Large berg (same as No. 1499). Growlers. Berg (same as No. 1621). Berg and growlers. Growlers. 5/10 covered, bergy bits, growlers and brash. Berg. Berg (same as No. 1582). Berg. Berg (same as No. 1584). Large berg (same as No. 1580). 2 bergs (same as Nos. 1628 and 1629). Berg (same as No. 1646). Berg (same as No. 1517). BW-l harbor. Inner pack boundary. Ice free. 2/10 cover. Small berg (same as No. 1473). Berg. Radar target possible berg. Berg (same as No. 1564). Berg (same as No. 1438). Berg (same as No. 1682). Berg (same as No. 1682). Radar target possible berg. 3 bergs (same as Nos. 1655, 1658, 1678). Small berg, 4 growlers (same as No. 1616). Widely scattered field ice and small growlers. Bergy bit. Large berg (same as No. 1626). Berg (same as No. 1477). 2 bergs (same as Nos. 1479, 1662). 2 bergs. Berg (same as No. 1643). Berg (same as No. 1633). Berg (same as No. 1632). Berg. Do. Clear. 45 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date May 1.. ...do..-. -..do_._. May 2 --_do.... _..do.._. -..do-._. ...do..-- ..-do_... ---do..-. ---do---. ---do.--. -.-do.... ...do.--- --.do .--do-.-. ...do-.-. ...do ...do --.do ...do...- ...do---- ..-do ---do -.-do.-.. -..do ...do ...do.... -..do...- ...do .do. -do- -do- -do. -do. -do- -do. -do- -do- -do- -do- -do- -do. -do. .do. -do- -do. -do- .- -do- May ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do., -.-do.- Name of vessel Hydro. do- Irmingard Stavangerfjord. do do .do- Laurentia- do do -do. -do. -do- Italia. Stavangerfjord - do Laurentia Brant County. Bassilour Cairnesk- Beltinge do- .do. Brant County. Groote Bfer... Brant County. do do do... Cairnesk. do... do Saint Andre do Vardulia Beltinge Cairnesk do do do do do do do do U. S. S. Eaton. do do do Hydro. Vardulia ....do -.-.do ----do Saint Andre ----do Hispania... North latitude West lonc!itude Description Skovfjord BW-3 harbor en- trance. 46 46 46 28 46 35 46 43 46 44 45 23 46 24 45 18 45 30 45 30 45 40 47 03 47 27 45 42 45 45 47 20 47 04 46 25 46 29 46 48 46 16 44 30 46 00 46 10 46 22 46 12 46 12 I 46 55 I 47 44 46 35 45 54 45 52 46 03 47 25 47 33 48 09 47 09 47 52 47 09 45 16 44 09 45 30 46 22 52 10 47 45 46 08 46 25 45 29 45 46 47 58 47 30 47 42 47 26 47 26 47 40 49 00 Within 10-mile ra- dius of 48 25 47 00 47 10 47 18 47 24 45 49 f 46 25 49 12 50 52 51 10 48 06 . -- 47 24 \ and 10 miles to W, 46 58 49 42 47 09 49 56 47 09 49 58 47 15 49 30 47 15 49 49 47 16 49 37 47 17 50 00 47 20 49 38 47 25 50 01 46 02 46 05 46 04 46 05 46 10 46 24 46 18 47 05 60 30 48 25 to 60 40 I 47 20 to 59 30 I 44 00 to 60 00 I 42 25 to 61 15 I 42 00 to 63 50 I 39 40 to 64 00 I 40 30 . 65 30 45 42 45 50 46 01 45 55 47 44 47 26 47 00 to 36 10 46 17 46 01 46 03 46 17 49 51 50 11 50 10 Scattered ice. Do. Berg (same as No. 1495). Berg (same as No. 1639). Berg (same as No. 1697). Berg (same as No. 1634). Berg (same as No. 1575). 2 bergs (same as No. 1696). Berg (same as No. 1696). Radar target possible berg (same as No. 1689). Radar target possible berg (same as No. 1680). Radar target possible berg (same as No. 1657). Radar target possible berg (same as No. 1588). Radar target possible berg (same as No. 1567). Berg (same as No. 1708). Radar target possible berg (same as No. 1671). Berg (same as No. 1688). Berg (same as No. 1642). Berg (same as No. 1538). Berg (same as No. 1601). Berg (same as No. 1577). Berg (same as No. 1636). Berg (same as No. 1619). Berg (same as No. 1645). Berg (same as No. 1681). Berg (same as No. 1568). Berg (same as No. 1523). Berg (same as No. 1597). Belt of field ice 1 mile wide. Berg (same as No. 1512). 7 bergs (same as Nos. 1520, 1522, 1529, 1530, 1533, 1534). Berg (same as No. 1511). Berg (same as No. 1523). Berg (same as No. 1.536). Berg (same as No. 1569). Field ice. Berg (same as No. 1605). Berg (same as No. 1527). Berg (same as No. 1535). Berg (same as No. 1514). Berg (same as No. 1525). Berg (same as No. 1514). Berg (same as No. 1532). Berg (same as No. 1519). Berg (same as No. 1573). Berg (same as No. 1702). Do. Berg (same as No. 1563). Berg. Storis boundary. Berg (same as No. 1727). Berg (same as No. 1592). Berg (same as No. 1755. Growler. Radar target possible berg. 2 growlers. Berg (same as No. 1747). 46 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude 1 West longitude Description 1767 May 3-- --.do -.-do -..do ...do — dO_--- — do..-- ...do do . 47 12 47 16 48 09 47 58 46 58 47 03 47 24 Narsak tc 50 21 50 19 51 40 51 45 50 13 52 50 52 30 seaward _ Large berg (same as No. 1752). Large berg (same as No. 1754). Large berg. Growler. 2 bergs (same as Nos. 1748, 1766). Several small bergs (same as 1609, 1728). Berg (same as No. 1607). 48 bergs, 30 percent drift ice. 2 growlers, some brash ice. 14 growlers, 5 bergy bits. Clear. Berg. Pack boundary. Berg (same as No. 1736). Patch of field ice. Berg (same as No. 1733). Growler. Do. Field ice. Radar target possible berg (same a 1771). Radar target possible berg. Radar target possible berg (same a 1703). Do. Radar target possible berg (same a 1717). Do. Radar target possible berg (same a 1719). 2 bergs (same as Nos. 1746, 1750). Berg (same as No. 1789) . Radar target possible berg (same a 1656). Growler. Growler and scattered floes. 2 bergs (same as Nos. 1602, 1615). Berg (same as No. 1604). Berg (same as No. 1600). [Field ice. Radar target possible berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Berg (same as No. 1570). Small berg (same as No. 1758). Berg (same as No. 1720). Radar target possible berg. Berg (same as No. 1772). Berg (same as No. 1778). Berg (same as No. 1773). Berg (same as No. 1772). Berg (same as No. 1743). Many growlers. Berg. Radar target possible berg. Berg (same as No. 1659). Berg (same as No. 1721). Berg. [scattered field ice. Berg (same as No. 1722). Berg (same as No. 1810). Berg (same as No. 1740) . Do. 1768 1769 do 1770 1771 1772 do Femandes Lavrador Nos, 1773 1774 do 1775 do Fjord 1776 1777 1778 1779 ---do --.do ...do -..do ...do --do ...do --.do..... -..do May4-.- --.do ...do do do do Santa Eugenia USN aircraft . . BW-3 harbor BW-1 harbor 47 06 51 38 ( 54 40 54 50 to 53 25 1 53 40 to 1780 53 10 t 52 50 46 05 46 05 46 15 46 18 45 49 46 04 46 48 44 58 45 02 45 04 45 07 45 14 45 14 46 49 45 05 45 22 45 26 46 59 46 45 46 45 46 50 ( 46 54 I 46 48 45 45 45 48 47 47 47 50 48 02 48 04 47 44 46 25 45 27 45 32 46 58 46 59 47 02 47 02 47 25 Within 2 east Newfo betwee Race a Spear. 47 34 45 18 45 25 45 32 46 08 j 46 05 1 46 16 45 20 45 27 46 12 46 19 54 00 3 53 00 47 53 47 53 45 43 52 48 47 46 48 12 50 15 48 09 47 43 47 32 47 38 47 27 48 00 49 42 47 31 47 04 46 34 44 45 48 52 49 10 49 09 48 54 0 48 20 47 07 47 01 51 55 51 39 51 40 51 50 48 15 46 42 46 34 46 02 52 47 52 22 52 21 52 42 52 37 0 miles of 30ast of undland, n Cape nd Cape 46 00 48 21 47 22 47 35 53 07 48 00 0 48 15 46 45 46 45 48 30 48 32 1781 1782 do.. 1783 Tidaholm . 1784 1785 1786 sNo. 1787 1788 do sNo. 1789 -.-do do 1790 . do do sNo. 1791 -..do do 1792 do do - sNo. 1793 ...do ...do...-. ...do.— do - Cairndhu . . 1794 1795 do sNo. 1796 do 1797 --.do --.do -.do..... ...do..- Kurt Arlt 1798 1799 1800 do -r---- 1801 1802 --do— . --.do ...do. . do 1803 do 1804 --.do --.do ...do..- 1805 do 1806 do 1807 do do - - 1808 ...do— -. --.do --.do ...do 1809 1810 1811 do 1812 --.do -..do —do..... ...do Ice Patrol plane 1813 1814 do do 1815 - .do 1816 1817 --.do ...do do do 1818 ...do.—. ...do ...do ...do..... ...do ...do --.do— -. ...do --.do ...do 1819 1820 do 1821 do 1882 1823 River Afton 1824 Ramore Head . 1825 do 1826 River Afton 1827 do 47 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date Mays.. ...do..... ...do.-.. ...do..... ...do..... ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do ...do..... ..do. ..do. ..do ..do ..do ..do ..do ..do -.do ..do ..do ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... May 6 ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... Name of vessel Sally Stove.- do do do do Rimswick... River Afton. Oslofjord do do do Runswick . U. S. C. G. Cutter Mc- Culloch. ....do River Afton ...do .-..do Runswick Begonia .-.-do ....do U. S. C. G. Cutter Mc- Culloch. ....do .--.do Begonia -...do Vandalia U. S. C. G. Cutter Mc- Culloch. -.--do --..do ..--do ....do -...do --..do -.--do -..-do .---do-.-. Empire State Mariner ..-.do ---.do do [ Empress of Australia do 1 Nova Scotia .--do --.do --.do ...do -..do --.do -.do ...do ...do .do. .do. -do., .do., .do., .do., .do.. .do., -do.. May 7... ...do ...do..... ...do ...do ..do. .do., .do., .do.. do do Elysia Scythia Vandalia Begonia do Empress of Australia. Mont Gaspe Elysia. Dundee . Fort Hamilton. do do American Robin U. S. C. O. Cutter Half Moon. Qalerna Hydro U. S. C. O. Cutter Half Moon. Empress of France do do .:..-do Vikings Newfoundland . do .....do North latitude 45 55 46 03 46 03 46 03 46 05 45 27 46 45 45 09 45 09 45 13 45 09 West longitude 50 25 50 15 50 22 50 29 50 05 47 21 51 37 47 18 47 40 48 46 48 20 (Within 5-mile ra- dius of [ 46 43 48 18 46 35 52 22 46 38 47 18 46 55 47 09 45 48 44 57 45 00 45 02 46 33 46 40 46 47 44 52 44 54 45 19 46 35 46 36 46 39 46 42 46 42 46 46 46 45 46 41 46 44 46 46 47 00 47 13 47 25 46 28 46 56 47 00 47 10 44 50 45 26 45 07 44 48 44 53 46 12 45 54 44 21 52 11 52 05 51 35 51 55 46 34 48 10 48 12 48 14 50 53 50 52 50 55 47 36 47 27 48 38 50 23 50 02 50 22 49 57 50 02 49 59 50 22 50 17 49 53 49 49 52 49 52 40 52 38 48 53 52 53 52 50 52 42 45 56 48 46 47 25 46 14 46 39 49 57 48 08 48 14 Within 3-mile ra- dius of 45 49 I 48 10 46 49 46 56 47 25 44 48 46 15 52 49 52 53 52 38 46 27 52 54 46 30 51 20 Vicinity of 50 39 52 26 46 12 53 05 45 44 45 46 46 05 46 07 45 40 50 20 50 20 53 04 52 49 50 20 46 00 51 10 46 57 49 20 47 00 49 43 47 08 48 44 Description Berg (same as No. 1537). Berg (same as No. 1611). Berg (same as No. 1521). Berg (same as No. 1524). Berg (same as No. 1608). Berg (same as No. 1820). Berg. Berg and growlers (same as No. 1790). Berg (same as No. 1792). Berg (same as No. 1700). Field ice. Field ice. Large berg (same as No. 1827). Large berg (same as No. 1814) . Berg (same as No. 1816). Growler. Do. Berg. Growler. Do. Do. Berg (same as No. 1771). Berg (same as No. 1742) . Berg (same as No. 1767). Berg (same as No. 1788). Berg (same as No. 1794). String soft field ice 10 miles long. Berg (same as No. 1786) . Berg (same as No. 1793). Berg (same as No. 1768). Berg (same as No. 1749). Berg (same as No. 1793). Berg (same as No. 1753). Berg (same as No. 1751). Growler. Berg (same as No. 1741). Berg (same as No. 1572). Berg (same as No. 1815). Berg. Do. Berg (same as No. 1798). Berg (same as No. 1812). Berg (same as No. 1865). Growler. Large berg (same as No. 1590). Radar target possible berg. Growler. Radar target possible berg. Do. Berg. 3 small bergs (same as Nos. 1712, 1737, 1780). Small berg and growler (same as No. 1734). [■Brash and small growlers. Large berg (same as No. 1870) . Berg (same as No. 1869). Berg (same as No. 1867). Berg (same as No. 1593). Berg (same as No. 1840). Berg (same as No. 1573). Patches and belts of field ice. Growler. Radar target possible berg. Do. Berg (same as No. 1822). Berg (same as No. 1885). I Many bergs and growlers (same as Nos. ( 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832). Berg (same as No. 1639). Berg (same as No. 1573). Berg (same as No. 1632). 48 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 1897 1898 May 7__ _.do Newfoundland do. 47 46 47 47 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 44 44 44 44 44 45 47 47 46 47 47 47 47 56 55 55 , 54 44 46 46 46 47 46 46 46 46 46 47 46 46 44 44 47 47 47 46 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 46 46 47 47 45 45 46 46 47 47 47 47 47 44 43 44 15 59 07 09 36 39 46 46 47 30 08 13 17 18 26 51 53 55 56 56 15 27 28 51 12 43 50 50 20 t 50 t 00 t 00 50 41 45 47 02 08 23 24 44 54 04 12 44 03 06 15 16 25 16 27 40 47 48 39 47 40 56 10 23 28 10 13 41 45 12 15 00 03 10 08 59 40 48 48 48 50 51 51 51 51 51 53 48 48 48 48 52 46 47 47 47 47 47 52 52 46 50 52 52 52 56 0 57 0 56 0 56 49 48 49 48 49 51 52 52 52 52 52 51 52 48 48 49 49 49 50 48 48 48 46 48 46 49 51 52 48 49 47 47 51 51 46 52 50 51 51 48 48 46 51 37 35 28 30 30 17 24 19 05 44 31 25 29 00 41 53 58 28 39 00 23 16 47 39 38 55 50 35 25 45 20 08 42 18 35 50 47 04 01 05 11 13 53 07 45 52 38 46 47 15 21 15 23 50 33 44 13 06 08 49 26 23 36 25 22 18 38 58 00 00 59 51 35 Berg (same as No. 1600). Radar target possible berg. 1899 1900 -_.do ...do ...do..... __.do ...do -.-do ...do --do --do ...do-.-.. —do ..-do --do-..- ...do..... --do— . .-do..... ...do -..do — d0....- — do-— .. do do do 2 radar targets possible bergs. Radar target possible berg. 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 Pedro de Barcelos do do do do Cape Race Radio Berg (same as No. 1834). Berg (same as No. 1851). Berg (same as No. 1850). Berg (same as No. 1849) . Berg. Berg (same as No. 1841) . 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 Empress of France do do do Oalerna . Radar target possible berg. Do. Small berg (same as No. 1739). Small berg (same as No. 1740). 2 bergs and growlers. 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 Blairdevon do do.- . do do.. - Seven Seas ..- _ . Large berg and growler (same as No. 1853). Large berg (same as No. 1622). Berg (same as No. 1574). Large berg (same as No. 1852) . Large berg and growlers (same as No. 1787). Berg (same as No. 1791). 1918 Nova Scotia Radar target possible berg. 1919 do Do. 1920 1921 ...do— ...do-...- ..-do-— .. do Empress of France Nova Scotia Berg (same as No. 1626). Radar target possible berg (same as 1922 River Afton No. 1829). Berg. 1923 .... do Do. 1924 -..do -. -.do- - 2 growlers. 1925 —do- May 8- _ ...do - do— Hydro \Partial pack boundary. 1926 Blairdevon Radar target possible berg. 1927 Nova Scotia, - Do. 1928 .... do Berg (same as No. 1799). 1929 -..do do Radar target possible berg. 1930 do - do Berg. 1931 -.do— --do do -. River Afton Radar target possible berg. 1932 1933 do ... do . Do. Do. 1934 .. do do Do. 1935 ...do do Do. 1936 — dO-..- .. do .... do .- Do. 1937 do Growler. 1938 1939 ..-do...- ...do..-.. --do do Neptunia ... Do. Numerous growlers. 1940 do Growler. 1941 — do-— .-do Welheim Large berg. 1942 do Do. 1943 do do Do. 1944 1945 — do..— — do-— ...do Puerto de Fontefria. Corinaldo 1 large and 2 small bergs (same as Nos. 1856, 1858, 1859). Berg (same as No. 1627). 1946 ---. do Berg (same as No. 1574). 1947 do do Berg (same as No. 1837). 1948 -- do—. .... do Berg (same as No. 1835). 1949 -..do do Growler. 1950 — do— - — do.— ...do..— ..-do..... ..-do May 9.. ...do .. do -. Camberra .. _ . Berg (same as No. 1948). 1951 1952 U. S. N. S.Johnson Welheim Thin belt field ice. 2 bergs. 1953 Mistral-- . ... . Berg (same as No. 1933). 1954 Maria Weitert Berg (same as No. 1808). 1955 .... do Berg. 1956 1957 U. S. N. S.Johnson .... do Berg (same as No. 1836). Berg (same as No. 1660). 1958 .-do .- do . Welheim .. Berg (same as No. 1904). 1959 .... do - Berg (same as No. 1905). 1960 1961 --do— --do-— -..do..-. ...do..... --do U. S. N. S.Johnson Newfoundland Berg (same as No. 1559). Berg (same as No. 1883). 1962 Triland Berg (same as No. 1885). 1963 -. do . . - Berg. 1964 do Do. 1965 —do—.. --do —do—. River Afton Berg (same as No. 1744). 1966 1967 do Foldenfjord - Growler. Large berg and several growlers (same as No. 1950). 49 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude 1968 May 9... Empire State Mariner 46 55 52 52 1969 ...do .... do 47 00 52 49 1970 ...do.-.._ do 47 14 52 39 1971 ...do—.. do 47 22 52 29 1972 ...do..... do 47 25 52 39 1973 ...do Manctiester Progress 45 49 54 10 1974 ...do .... Newfoundland 46 29 53 26 1975 ...do..... do 46 20 .53 40 1976 ...do..... U. S. C. G. Cutter Cook Inlet. 46 46 48 57 1977 .- do... do 46 55 48 53 1978 do do 47 01 48 27 1979 do do 47 05 48 45 1980 do do 47 11 48 55 1981 do do 47 12 48 42 1982 .- do. do 47 13 48 43 1983 do do-.. 47 18 49 05 1984 ...do..... do 47 05 48 45 1985 do do 47 r,^ 48 44 1986 - do do -- 47 12 48 43 1987 do Maria Weitert- - . - - 47 31 52 22 1988 do Nordland ... 44 14 48 57 1989 do Foldenfjord.. 44 48 47 59 1990 . do Tasmania Star 44 12 49 06 1991 - do do 43 57 49 11 1992 ...do...-, do Avonwood 46 45 24 08 53 49 26 1993 Foldenfjord 11 1994 do do 45 12 49 21 1995 ...do-..-. U. S. C. G. Cutter Cook Inlet. 46 09 49 55 1996 do do 46 46 46 18 22 23 49 49 50 40 1997 ...do ...do do 49 1998 do ---- 00 1999 ...do do 46 26 49 20 2000 - do do 46 30 49 51 2001 .. do . . do 46 33 49 49 1 ^ Vithi 1 10-mile 2002 do .... do 1 46 radi 21 LIS of 49 45 2003 do Foldenfjord 45 14 49 40 2004 ...do do Asia. .. .... 44 44 20 27 49 48 02 2005 do 48 2006 ...do..... ...do...-. Avonwood 46 45 42 42 52 51 42 2007 U. S. C. G. Cutter Cook 31 Inlet. 2008 do do 45 43 51 27 2009 do do 45 46 51 05 2010 .- do do 45 49 51 06 2011 ...do — do 46 00 51 07 2012 -..do do 46 01 50 25 2013 do do 46 01 50 33 2014 - do do 46 03 51 04 2015 -.-do-..- --.do do 46 46 11 12 50 50 17 2016 do 34 2017 do do 45 .56 51 09 2018 do do 46 02 .50 31 2019 do do 46 46 07 04 50 50 15 2020 ---do... do 49 2021 ---do..... ...do — .- --.do Nordland . . 44 47 47 33 01 07 46 52 52 33 2022 Avonwood 55 2023 do 33 2024 ..-do..... do 47 18 52 36 2025 do do 47 47 45 24 26 46 52 52 54 09 2026 do do 37 2027 do Ogna County - .-- - 15 2028 May 10.. ...do..... Foldenfjord 45 30 51 50 2029 U. S. N. S. Valdez 47 00 52 48 2030 do do -... 47 49 05 30 52 52 47 2031 do Air France plane 30 2032 .-.do— -. do Arosa Kolm 44 46 28 24 48 52 35 2033 Michigan 15 2034 do do 46 46 29 56 52 52 ?»3 2035 ...do....- U.S.N. S. Valdez 53 2036 do do .... 47 47 02 14 52 52 37 2037 ...do -----do 49 2038 do do 47 47 47 45 16 22 06 15 52 52 52 51 41 2039 do .... do 40 2040 do do 40 2041 do Ogna County 24 2042 do do 45 45 45 15 15 29 51 51 50 ?5 2043 do --.-.do 26 2044 ...do— - do 54 Description Small berg (same as No. 1882). Large berg (same as No. 1866). Berg (same as No. 1961). Berg (same as No. 1922). Berg. Small berg (same as No. 1891). Small berg (same as No. 1906). Growler. Large berg (same as No. 1800). Large berg (same as No. 1894). Radar target possible berg. Large berg. Large berg (same as No. 1943). Large berg (same as No. 1896). Large berg (same as No. 1897) Large berg (same as No. 1954). Growler. Do. Bergy bit. 3 large bergs. Large berg (same as No. 1965). Berg (same as No. 1914). Large berg (same as No. 1988). Growler. Berg (same as No. 1881). Berg (same as No. 1826). Berg (same as No. 1827). Berg (same as No. 1877). Berg (same as No. 1860) Berg (same as No. 1861) Berg (same as No. 1864) Berg (same as No. 1798) Berg (same as No. 1857) Berg (same as No. 1863) i-Numerous growlers and bergy bits. Berg and several growlers (same as No. 1628). Berg (same as No. 1990). Growler. Berg (same as No. 1842). Berg (same as No. 1893). Do. Do. Do. Do. Berg (same as No. 1928). Berg (same as No. 1893). Do. Berg (same as No. 1944). Do. 3 growlers. Growlers. Bergy bits. Bergy bit. Berg and many growlers (same as No. 1967). 2 bergs (same as Nos. 1968, 1969). Berg (same as No. 1970). Berg (same as No. 1971). Berg (same as No. 1987). Several growlers. Berg (same as No. 1973). Berg (same as No. 1953). Berg (same as No. 2022). Berg. Large berg. Growler. Berg (same as No. 1901). Berg (same as No. 1968). Berg (same as No. 2029). Berg (same as No. 2023). Berg (same as No. 2024). Berg (same as No. 1972). Berg (same as No. 1987). Growler. Berg (same as No. 2009). Berg (same as No. 2008). Berg (same as No. 2007). Berg (same as No. 2010). 50 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 2045 2046 May 10_. do Michigan .... do 45 46 46 46 46 46 45 45 46 45 47 47 45 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 48 48 44 44 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 50 08 12 16 22 25 12 50 05 11 07 11 06 10 17 26 27 48 51 52 58 02 10 12 15 20 25 25 26 28 30 54 56 57 59 00 02 03 04 12 19 19 21 25 25 28 29 30 31 35 35 39 41 49 50 51 51 55 56 56 59 00 03 05 06 07 09 15 20 20 30 34 50 04 21 46 69 02 05 10 15 31 47 50 51 51 51 51 53 53 49 53 53 49 48 48 51 48 49 47 48 48 49 47 48 49 49 51 47 51 50 51 51 51 51 50 52 51 52 50 50 50 52 51 52 52 53 49 52 49 53 51 49 50 50 49 50 49 48 48 48 50 47 48 51 49 51 48 48 49 48 49 46 49 49 52 49 53 51 49 49 48 48 49 47 51 51 50 12 56 48 44 49 40 42 15 30 07 54 41 08 40 10 29 00 35 31 26 50 42 40 00 37 30 56 01 42 52 20 50 09 18 34 49 36 28 50 48 11 20 39 50 52 20 38 14 45 26 46 05 52 58 28 29 31 42 10 49 11 08 16 39 37 41 50 04 36 44 36 14 42 08 18 01 10 44 38 20 33 50 28 42 Berg (same as No. 2011). Berg (same as No. 1886). 2047 2048 ...do— - do do .... do Berg (same as No. 1903). Berg (same as No. 1902). 2049 2050 ...do do Hoyanger do Berg (same as No. 1992). Berg (same as No. 1974). 2051 ...do ...do-..- do Ogna nniinty Berg (same as No. 2003). 2052 Zapora Berg (same as No. 1892). 2053 .... do Berg. 2054 ...do ...do..... do Ogna County Berg (same as No. 1993). 2055 2056 Alexandra Sartori .... do Berg (same as No. 1980). 2 bergs (same as Nos. 1981, 1982). 2057 ...do ...do -. ...do do Arosa Kolm . 3 bergs (same as Nos. 2041, 2042, 2043). 2058 Ice Patrol plane Medium berg (same as No. 2004). 2059 2060 do do ~ Large berg (same as No. 1723). Small berg (same as No. 1879). 2061 do do . .... Large berg (same as No. 1946). 2062 do do Large berg (same as No. 1947). 2063 do do Large berg (same as No. 2054). 2064 2065 2066 ...do-... ...do.—. do do do .... do Small berg (same as No. 1913). Small berg (same as No. 1878). Large berg (same as No. 1909). 2067 do . .. do Small berg (same as No. 1910). 2068 do do Large berg (same as No. 2057). 2069 do .... do Berg and growler (same as No. 1957). 2070 do do Berg and growler. 2071 do do Berg (same as No. 2044). 2072 2073 ...do do do do . - Berg (same as No. 2057) . Berg and Erowler. 2074 2075 ...do do do do . Large berg. Medium berg. 2076 do do .- - Berg (same as No. 2018). 2077 2078 2079 2080 2081 2082 2083 ...do ...do-.... ...do ...do ...do..... ...do do do do do do do do do Berg (same as No. 2046) . Berg (same as No. 2014) . Berg. Berg (same as No. 2016). Berg (same as No. 2012). Berg (same as No. 2015) . Berg. 2084 2085 ...do do do .... do Berg (same as No. 2047) . Berg (same as No. 2033). 2086 2087 2088 ...do..... ...do do do do do Berg (same as No. 2034). Berg (same as No. 2050). Small berg (same as No. 2001). 2089 ...do ...do ...do..... do do Berg (same as No. 2006). 2090 2091 do do Medium berg (same as No. 1999). Berg (same as No. 2049). 2092 .. do. . Small berg (same as No. 1958). 2093 2094 ...do do do do Small berg (same as No. 2000). Medium berg (same as No. 1930). 2095 do .... do - Medium berg. 2096 do . do Small berg (same as No. 1976) . 2097 2098 ...do do do do Small berg (same as No. 1952) . Medium berg (same as No. 1895). 2099 do . do - Small berg (same as No. 1740). 2100 2101 2102 ...do..... ...do do do do .... do . Do. Do. Medium berg (same as No. 1962) . 2103 2104 2105 2106 2107 2108 ...do...-. ...do ...do..... ...do ...do..... .. do.. do do do do do do Small berg. Medium berg (same as No. 1977) . Small berg (same as No. 1941). Small berg (same as No. 1942). Small berg (same as No. 1964) . Small berg (same as No. 1979) . 2109 2110 2111 ...do..... ...do do do do . . do Small berg (same as No. 1983) . Medium berg (same as No. 1955). Medium berg. 2112 2113 ...do do do . do . .. Small berg. Small berg (same as No. 1960). 2114 2115 2116 2117 2118 ...do ...do.-... ...do..... ...do do . do do do do do 2 small bergs. Medium berg. Medium berg (same as No. 1901). Medium berg. Small berg. 2119 ...do ...do..... ...do ...do-... ...do-.... ...do ...do ...do..... ...do ...do do Do. 2120 2121 2122 2123 2124 2125 2126 do do... do do do do do. .. . . Growler. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 2127 do Do. 2128 do Do. 51 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West lonsritude Description 2129 May 10. ___do Ice Patrol plane 45 45 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 48 48 47 49 50 46 47 47 44 45 47 47 45 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 45 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 47 47 47 46 46 46 47 47 45 45 45 45 44 44 46 46 46 46 46 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 44 44 44 52 57 00 01 54 59 05 11 26 18 38 14 25 05 14 46 47 37 12 20 32 58 00 02 04 04 05 06 08 09 10 11 12 14 14 15 16 23 55 00 04 05 09 00 14 17 28 57 20 56 52 00 04 10 30 41 40 31 50 44 56 48 58 17 17 02 04 05 05 06 06 36 37 46 47 47 41 11 21 39 50 51 52 51 50 51 49 50 50 49 50 48 52 52 47 53 52 46 47 49 49 49 48 49 49 50 51 50 51 52 50 50 53 50 52 52 52 53 50 50 51 51 51 53 52 52 52 50 52 51 52 52 52 52 53 52 52 49 49 51 51 54 53 48 49 52 53 53 53 53 50 49 49 49 49 49 49 48 48 48 46 05 03 52 38 09 15 04 20 30 15 55 55 55 06 09 55 13 52 41 41 32 57 24 18 19 34 38 03 40 32 51 00 24 52 31 22 05 14 36 24 38 37 27 50 55 10 57 31 00 45 49 48 45 38 50 40 34 37 46 25 28 35 57 10 45 34 36 37 38 35 40 06 08 03 07 07 51 37 01 Growler 2130 do Do. 2131 ...do do . - Do. 2132 .. do . . do Do 2133 ...do.. do Do. 2134 ...do. .....do Do. 2135 ...do.... do - . Radar target possible berg. Do. 2136 ...do do 2137 .. do . - do Do 2138 -- do .... do Do. 2139 __.do- do .. . Do. 2140 2141 2142 ...do ...do..... ...do.... Alexandra Sartori Unknown aircraft do Berg (same as No. 2112). Berg. Do. 2143 2144 ...do..... ...do..... .. do Prins Willem Van Oranje. Gaspe . 2 bergs (same as Nos. 1735, 1821). Large berg (same as No. 1923) . Growler. 2145 .... do 2146 --do ...do ..do ...do..... May 11. . do Divina.. .. Berg (same as No. 1912). 2147 Ogna rionnty Large berg and growlers (same as No 2148 2149 2150 2151 U. S. C. G. Cutter Castle Rock. do Prins Willem Van Oranje do -. 1989). 2 medium bergs (same as No. 2114). Medium berg (same as No. 2115). Berg (same as No. 1995). 2 large bergs (same as Nos. 1996, 1997). 2152 .. do . do Berg (same as No. 1998). 2153 ...do.... do Berg (same as No. 1868). 2154 ...do do---- -.. Small berg and growlers (same as No. 2155 - do do - 2082). Large berg (same as No. 2084). 2156 .. do.- . do Berg (same as No. 2076). 2157 ...do.... do Berg (same as No. 2078) . 2158 ...do do-.. Large berg (same as No. 2089) . 2159 2160 2161 ...do..... ...do-..- .. do do . do . do Berg (same as No. 2080). Berg (same as No. 2092). Large berg (same as No. 2030). 2162 ...do.-- do Berg (same as No. 2081). 2163 2164 --.do...- ...do do do . Medium berg (same as No. 2083). Large berg (same as No. 2085) . 2165 2166 ---do-—. .. do do do Berg (same as No. 2086). Large berg. 2167 ...do ...do.... do Growler. 2168 do Do. 2169 ...do do Do. 2170 do do . Do. 2171 ...do..... ...do ...do do Do. 2172 2173 U. S. C. G. Cutter Castle Rock. do.. . Berg (same as No. 2053). Berg and 2 growlers (same as No. 2163. 2174 ...do do Berg (same as No. 2161). 2175 .. do ... do Berg. 2176 ...do. - do. 2 medium bergs (same as Nos. 2105, 2177 ---do-- do 2107). Growler. 2178 ...do do Do. 2179 ...do _--do....- ...do Fort Hamilton .. Berg (same as No. 2036). 2180 2181 do do ... Berg (same as No. 2029). Berg (same as No. 2038) . 2182 ...do do Berg (same as No. 2040). 2183 2184 ...do -..do. . Geheimrat Sartori ..do . . Berg (same as No. 2091). Berg (same as No. 2035) . 2185 ...do .... do Growler. 2186 ...do— -. ...do Stad Alkmaar . . . Berg (same as No. 2149). 2187 do Berg and growler (same as No. 2117). 2188 ...do..-. ...do Euskal-Erria.. Berg (same as No. 2077)). 2189 .. do Berg (same as No. 2045). 2190 ...do. — . ...do.- — ...do..-. ...do Mareiro ..... Berg (same as No. 2027). 2191 2192 do Hoy anger Large berg (same as No. 2172). Large berg (same as No. 2059). 2193 do Large berg. 2194 ...do ...do...- ...do Mareiro.. .. ... ... _ Berg and 3 growlers (same as No. 2079). 2195 Bristol City. Growler. 2196 .. do .. Do. 2197 ...do do Do. 2198 ...do... do Do. 2199 ...do.-... ...do Lismoria Berg (same as No. 2068). 2200 do Berg (same as No. 1878). 2201 2202 ---do....- -.-do do .. do Berg (same as No. 2091). Berg and growlers (same as No. 2151). 2203 2204 ..-do ...do..... do.-.. do Berg (same as No. 1878). Berg and growler. 2205 ...do .... do Growler. 2206 ...do ...do Themisto-- .. Berg (same as No. 2192). 2207 do Berg (same as No. 2058). 2208 ...do do.. Berg (same as No. 2061). 52 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 2209 May 11. Themisto 44 29 48 29 Growler. 2210 ...do Gaspe. . . .. 48 08 52 51 Berg. 2211 ...do do 48 17 48 19 47 28 52 32 52 51 49 30 Do. 2212 .. do . do Do. 2213 ...do Geheimrat Sartori Berg (same as No. 2186). 49 20 53 45 to 51 00 1 51 45 to 5 miles east otBelle Isle to 53 45 1 55 30 2214 ...do..... Hydro ■ . to 20 miles east of Georges Island to 55 00' 1 56 45 to 56 00 1 59 15 to 58 20 1 60 00 to 60 00 1 63 15 Paclf boundary. 2215 ...do do Simiutak ap- 6/10 to 8/10 brash . 2216 .._do do proaches. BW-1 and upper 2/10 brash. fjord. 2217 .. do... do BW-3 harbor 3/10 brash. 2218 May 12 Bristol City 45 59 52 24 Small berg (same as No. 2158). 2219 ...do 46 01 52 17 Berg (same as No. 2165). 2220 do y///.do'////.'.y... '.'.'. '-'-'V.'.'. 46 03 51 38 Berg and growler (same as No. 2170). 2221 ...do..... Seaboard Enterprise 45 50 51 54 Small berg (same as No. 2188). 2222 do do 46 04 53 44 Berg (same as No. 2052). 2223 do do 45 50 46 19 51 53 49 50 Growler. 2224 do Helga Smith 2 bergs (same as Nos. 2088, 2093) . 2225 ...do Seaboard Enterprise 45 44 51 35 Berg (same as No. 2221). 2226 ...do...-. do 45 45 51 29 Berg (same as No. 2189). 2227 do do 45 45 51 48 3 growlers. 2228 ...do Canadian Department of Transport. Point Amour Close packed ice. 2229 ...do .....do Strait of Belle Isle. - Heavy loose ice. 2230 do Bristol City 46 00 50 54 Berg (same as No. 2160). 2231 ...do..... do 46 01 51 03 Berg (same as No. 2157). 2232 ...do do 46 04 51 21 Small berg (same as No. 2220). 2233 .- do do 46 01 47 03 51 00 52 36 Growler. 2234 do Wabana Large berg (same as No. 2116). 2235 ...do USN aircraft 46 05 54 45 Berg. 2236 do Franconia 44 37 48 45 Berg (same as No. 206.5). 2237 ...do do 45 05 48 02 Berg (same as No. 2062). 2238 ...do....- Seaboard Enterprise 45 47 50 56 Berg (same as No. 2230). 2239 do do __.__ 45 45 51 48 3 growlers. 2240 ...do A vonwood 47 01 52 49 Berg (same as No. 2180). ( 60 45 t 47 00 0 60 00 48 00 to 61 00 1 49 00 to 2241 ...do Hydro 61 00 1 49 45 Pack boundary. to 60 00 1 49 15 to 59 30 1 48 00 to ,59 15 1 46 30 59 30 1 43 48 to 59 35 1 44 06 to 59 12 1 44 35 to 59 58 1 45 32 to 59 15 1 45 50 to 2242 ...do Narsarssuak AB 59 10 1 46 10 to 58 43 1 46 49 Do. to 59 30 1 46 36 to 59 42 1 47 00 to 59 45 1 47 15 to 59 15 48 02 1 53 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued No. 2243 2244 2245 2246 2247 2249 2250 2251 2252 2253 2254 2255 2256 2257 2258 2259 2260 2261 2262 2263 2264 2265 2266 2267 2268 2269 2270 2271 2272 2273 2274 2275 2276 2277 2278 2279 2280 2281 2282 2283 2284 2285 2286 2287 2288 2289 2290 2291 2292 2293 2294 2295 2296 2297 2298 2299 2300 2301 2302 2303 Date May 12 .do. .do_ -do. -do. ...do. ..do May 13 ..do .-do..... ..do..... ..do..-., -.do..... ..do..... .-do..... ..do...-. .-do-.-., .-do..... -do..... ..do ..do. May 14 ...do..-.. ...do..... ...do..... ..do -do -.do..... ...do ...do..... ...do ...do ...do..... ...do .-do..... ...do ..do..... ...do ...do .-.do..... ..-do ..-do..... ...do..... ..-do ...do..... ..-do..... ..-do ...do..... -.-do..... ...do ...do..... ...do ...do ...do... . ...do ...do..... --.do..... -..do -..do..... ...do—., .-.do.—. Name of vessel Narsarssuak AB- -do. -do. .do. .do. Hydro. do. U. S. N. S. Johnson. Empress of Australia. Santa Rita do Empress of Australia. Montrose Unknown vessel Prins Alexander do do do Montrose Artliur Cross U. S. S. Edisto. Atlantic do do do do Beaverford Kollbryn M arengo USN aircraft Prins Alexander do do do do do Salacia. Marengo do do do Montrose. Beaverford do do : Manchester Shipper Relmer Edzard Fritzen. Beaverford do do Scythia.- Ice Patrol plane do do do do do do do do do North latitude West longitude 59 52 I 48 25 to 60 25 I 48 00 to 60 34 I 47 30 to Simiutak Narsak to seaward. Fjord BW-1 harbor BW-3 harbor M9 35 I 53 45 to 50 00 I 55 00 to 50 20 I 55 30 51 30 51 20 55 30 58 00 to east to 5 miles offshore. 59 26 I 47 20 to 59 12 1 47 00 to 58 37 46 29 46 51 47 08 47 52 46 20 46 00 46 21 46 30 46 31 46 26 46 07 46 31 58 45 46 35 53 28 50 00 50 09 49 45 54 33 49 08 53 24 53 10 53 26 53 14 53 24 53 27 46 30 60 20 I 49 50 60 50 I 49 20 thence east 45 34 45 39 45 44 45 46 45 53 46 18 43 35 46 34 55 08 47 03 47 04 47 05 47 10 47 17 47 24 44 63 46 27 46 30 46 32 46 32 45 50 45 57 46 04 46 16 45 56 45 20 45 45 45 58 46 02 46 16 43 32 43 45 43 50 44 37 45 14 45 20 45 22 45 31 45 42 45 43 48 24 48 51 51 33 51 19 51 51 54 29 49 11 52 36 56 10 50 13 50 14 50 04 49 40 50 01 49 40 49 13 53 11 53 25 53 28 53 32 49 19 52 32 53 31 53 28 49 00 51 40 51 22 52 12 51 53 54 31 49 04 49 08 46 35 46 38 47 26 51 32 47 03 48 02 48 10 49 47 Description Do. 65 bergs. 5 growlers, 3 bergy bits. 4 growlers, 3 bergy bits. 9 growlers, 2 bergy bits. Pack boundary. Southern boundary of pack. Field Ice. Radar target possible berg. Berg (same as No. 2098). Berg and growlers (same as No. 2148). Small growlers. Berg (same as No. 2235). Berg (same as No. 2153). Berg (same as No. 2166). Berg (same as No. 2179). Berg (same as No. 2183). Growler. Berg (same as No. 2191). Berg (same as No. 22.59). Pack boundary. Berg (same as No. 2201). Berg (same as No. 2203). Berg (same as No. 2225). Berg (same as No. 2226). Berg (same as No. 2232). Berg (same as No. 2255). Large berg (same as No. 2206). Berg (same as No. 2234). Berg. Berg (same as No. 2253). Berg (same as No. 2148). Berg (same as No. 2213). Berg (same as No. 2110). Berg. Berg (same as No. 2187). Berg (same as No. 2067). Berg (same as No. 2258). Berg (same as No. 2262). 2 growlers. Several growlers. 2 bergs (same as Nos. 2150, 2152). Berg (same as No. 2218). Berg (same as No. 2261). Berg (same as No. 2257). Breg (same as No. 2256). Berg (same as No. 2073). 2 bergs (same as Nos. 2266, 2267). Berg (same as No. 2219). Berg (same as No. 2095). Growler. Berg (same as No. 2270). Berg (same as No. 2230). Small berg (same as No. 2060 Small berg (same as No. 2064). Berg (same as No. 2147). Berg (same as No. 2070). Berg (same as No. 2125). Berg and growler (same as No. 2237). Berg (same as No. 2099). Berg (same as No. 2200). 54 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date May 14 ...do.. -. ._.do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do ...do ...do ...do..... ...do..-. ...do-.... ...do..... ...do ...do..... ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ._.do..-_. ...do-.... ...do ...do ...do..-. ...do..... ...do..... ...do-... ...do..... ...do ...do..... ...do— ...do May 15-. ...do ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do ...do..... ...do.-.. ...do..... ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do.-.. ...do ...do ...do..-.. ..do.... -do .do .do .do .do .do .do .do .do _do .do _do .do .do .do _do Name of vessel Ice Patrol plane do do do ..._do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Wilford Manchester Pioneer Scvthia do Manchester .Shipper Prins Willem Van Oranje. Bea verford do do do.. do Scythia do do do do Oslofjord MATS Keflavilc Iceland.. Scythia Unknown aircraft. Consuelo do do do Wilford do Bea verford do do do Narsarssuak AB.. do.__. do do North latitude 45 46 45 48 45 49 45 50 45 53 45 55 46 00 46 01 46 07 46 12 46 19 46 19 46 20 46 21 46 23 46 24 46 28 46 29 46 36 46 37 46 39 46 40 46 42 46 48 46 55 47 00 47 02 47 06 47 07 44 28 45 51 46 31 46 39 46 30 46 30 45 56 46 05 45 37 47 02 45 42 45 49 45 50 45 52 45 56 45 43 45 46 45 48 45 52 45 55 43 52 60 39 West longitude 50 20 50 00 50 45 51 57 52 08 49 07 50 28 53 29 53 38 53 16 50 42 51 18 53 06 51 17 52 08 53 28 52 32 51 00 53 38 51 35 48 22 48 13 51 15 49 33 49 00 52 50 52 54 52 52 51 15 48 57 53 08 48 13 52 41 52 35 53 24 53 26 53 28 50 33 51 45 51 02 50 32 50 06 50 43 49 52 51 50 52 10 52 13 52 00 52 29 48 59 46 20 59 23 45 32 46 27 45 46 45 59 46 20 46 20 46 48 47 40 46 13 46 23 46 28 46 29 60 35 I 46 48 to GO 37 I 47 17 to 60 27 I 47 42 to fiO 30 I 48 30 to fiO 00 I 48 05 to 59 34 1 48 10 to 59 39 I 47 30 to 47 05 49 48 51 29 49 11 48 58 48 23 48 30 49 40 49 35 48 51 48 25 48 06 48 20 Narsak to seaward. Fjord BW-1 harbor BW-3 harbor Description Berg (same as No. 2154). Berg (same as No. 2094). Berg (same as No. 2231). Berg (same as No. 2268). Berg (same as No. 2291). Berg (same as No. 2288). Berg (same as No. 2156). Berg (same as No. 2286). Berg (same as No. 2174). Berg (same as No. 2173). Berg and growler (same as No. 2147). Berg (same as No. 2097). Berg (same as No. 2177). Berg (same as No. 2102). Berg (same as No. 2175). Berg and growler (same as No. 2280). Berg (same as No. 2271). Berg (same as No. 2176). Berg (same as No. 2281). Small berg (same as No. 2176). Medium berg (same as No. 2101). Small berg (same as No. 2108). Medium berg. Medium berg (same as No. 2106). Medium berg (same as No. 2055). Medium berg (same as No. 2240). Small berg (same as No. 2181). Small berg (same as No. 2182). Medium berg. Growler. Do. Do. Do. Berg (same as No. 2320) . Berg and growlers (same as No. 2319). Berg (same as No. 2311). Berg (same as No. 2313) . Berg (same as No. 2303) . Berg. Berg (same as No. 2306) . Berg (same as No. 2162) . Berg (same as No. 2224) . Berg (same as N o. 2310) . Berg (sane as No. 2224). Berg (same as No. 2307) . Growler. Do. Do. Pieces of field ice. Berg (same as No. 2295) . Pack boundary. Growler. Large pieces of ice. Berg (same as No. 2309) . Berg (same as No. 2096). Berg. Berg (same as No. 2324). Berg (same as No. 2252). Berg. Berg (same as No. 2090). Berg. Berg (same as No. 2359). Berg (same as No. 2325). 72 bergs, 50 percent drift ice. 6 growlers. 1 bergy bit. 15 growlers, some drift ice. 12 growlers, 1 bergy bit. 342128—55- 55 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued No. 2371 2372 2373 2374 2375 2376 2377 2378 2379 2380 2381 2382 2383 2384 2385 2386 2387 2388 2389 2390 2391 2392 2393 2394 2395 2396 2397 2398 2399 2400 2401 2402 2403 2404 2405 2406 2407 2408 2409 Date 2411 2412 2413 2414 2415 2416 2417 2418 2419 2420 May 15. ._do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do..... ...do ...do _.do ...do ..do ..do..... ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do..... ...do ...do ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do.... May 16. ..do.... .do. ...do- ...do. ...do. ...do- ...do. ..do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. Name of vessel Mormac Mail Scythia do do ....do.. C ierzo Manchester Pioneer... U. S. N. S. Tamalpais. AVilford do do do Puerto de Bonaigua. .. Seythia U. S. N. S. Tamalpais- Vibyholm do.... Unknown aircraft Gripsholm lee Partol plane do do do do do do do do do do do do do ._ Isaac Carter Hydro ...do. TWA aircraft Isaac Carter.- Berni Nuehel Hydro. Arosa Kolm.. do Zuiderkniis... Irmingard Warkworth... Grindefjell Warkworth... Berni Nuebel. Canberra do North latitude o , 43 14 45 34 45 42 45 45 45 58 46 10 47 38 45 44 46 48 46 55 46 58 47 05 45 00 46 15 45 53 43 05 43 06 47 00 43 03 47 32 47 45 47 45 47 50 47 58 48 03 48 04 48 08 48 14 48 17 48 31 48 58 49 15 49 30 46 11 West longitude 49 07 49 10 49 20 49 04 48 49 50 25 49 48 52 03 48 55 48 45 48 35 48 49 51 35 48 23 51 49 49 10 49 05 51 00 49 11 53 40 49 22 53 11 52 48 49 58 53 13 53 07 52 51 52 45 51 46 53 01 52 48 53 06 52 30 52 48 BW-1 harbor 60 35 I 46 20 to 60 35 I 47 05 to 60 25 I 48 00 to 60 39 I 48 15 to 60 20 I 48 20 to 60 00 I 48 05 to 59 35 I 48 10 to 59 40 I to 59 20 59 12 49 17 46 09 46 32 30 47 05 to I 45 00 to 44 14 52 56 53 45 53 24 Foeo Island to Gull Island to 10 miles off St. Barbe Island to 5 miles off Grey Islands to Cape Bauld to 51 45 I 55 45 to 10 miles NW. Belle Isle to 10 miles olT Seal Bislit to 5 miles off Georges Cove. 46 13 46 25 43 04 46 36 47 13 46 39 47 10 47 00 45 26 45 30 53 40 52 10 49 08 53 31 48 59 49 20 49 21 51 OS 53 07 52 58 Dps'^ription Berg (same as No. 2294). Berg (same as No. 2202). Small berg (same as No. 2284). Small berg (same as No. 2204). Berg (same as No. 2358). Large berg (same as No. 2159). Berg (same as No. 2362). Berg (same as No. 2351). Large berg (same as No. 2328). Large berg (same as No. 2104). Large berg (same as No. 2109). Large berg (same as No. 2056). Large berg (same as No. 2075). Large berg (same as No. 2360). Berg (same as No. 2348). Berg (same as No. 2371). 9 growlers. Berg (same as No. 2332). Berg (same as No. 2386). Small berg. Do. Do. Do. Medium berg. Small berg. Do. Do. Do. Medium berg. Do. Large berg. Do. Medium berg. Large berg (.same as No. 2.337). 1/10 cover, small floes, few hercs. >Pack boundary. Berg (same as No. 2402). Berg (same as No. 2312). Berg and growler (same as No. 23-38) Outer pack boundary. Berg (same as No. 2287). Berg (same as No. 2318). Berg (same as No. 2.389). Berg (same as No. 2322). Berg (same as No. 2278). Berg and growlers (same as No. 2327) . Berg (same as No. 2391). Berg and growlers (same as No. 2285^. Berg. Berg (same as No. 2285). 56 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date May 16. ..,do.-_. .-.do.._. .__do__._ ._.do._.. „.-do.... .__do____ ...do.__. ...do.... _..do___. -..do.._. ...do.... _._do___. ...do___. ._.do.__. -_do..__ ._do___. .-.do._.. do.._ ...do. .do... ...do... .do.... ...do-... ...do... ...do.... ...do ... ...do... ...do..- ...do ... ...do.-.. ...do..- ...do... ...do.... ...do.... ...do.... ...do-.-. ...do.... -..do-... ---do... ...do.... ...do...- ...do.... --.do--. Name of vessel Arosa Kolm . . . do Canberra do do do do Irmingard Warkworth Adolph GleuB- do . Arosa Kolm... Zinnia ..- Canberra do do- .- Torsholm do Goose Bay AB. .do Ice Patrol plane . do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do- do do- do do do do do North latitude 46 33 46 .•)6 45 29 45 35 45 43 45 45 45 46 46 55 46 57 46 17 46 23 47 05 47 47 45 34 45 40 45 41 46 40 46 43 West longitude 51 04 51 11 52 33 52 07 52 19 52 12 52 06 50 53 50 43 53 27 53 23 49 07 50 02 51 14 51 04 50 35 48 25 48 34 f 55 30 1 58 45 to 55 00 I to 54 40 I to 54 40 I to 54 35 to 54 35 I to 54 25 I to 54 00 I to 53 10 I to 52 55 I to 52 50 I to 52 40 I to 57 35 57 00 55 30 55 40 55 05 55 15 5 miles off Battle Harbor to 52 15 1 55 12 to 8 miles off St. Peter Bay to 51 50 1 55 45 to Cape Bauld 'North Hare Bay to 10 miles off Grey Islands to 50 30 I 55 30 to 50 30 I 55 05 to 50 10 I 55 15 to Fogo Island 43 08 49 03 Berg 43 19 49 06 Berg 44 48 49 05 Berg 45 02 49 38 Berg 45 20 50 50 Berg 45 22 49 31 Berg 45 31 50 45 Berg 45 32 50 46 Berg 45 38 52 06 Berg 45 49 52 21 Berg 46 05 51 36 Berg 46 06 52 54 Berg 46 21 51 30 Berg 46 22 51 18 Berg 46 22 51 21 Berg 46 23 53 25 Berg 46 23 53 31 Berg 46 2() 53 44 Berg 46 28 53 36 Berg 46 36 52 18 Berg 46 36 53 31 Berg 46 52 53 42 Berg 46 54 52 51 Berg 46 56 52 54 Berg Deseription Berg (same as No. 2328). Berg (same as No. 2418). Berg (same as No. 2350). Berg (same as No. 2290) . Berg (same as No. 2378). Berg (same as No. 2385). Berg (same as No. 2074). 2 bergs (same as Nos. 2273, 2391). Berg (same as No. 2277). Berg and growlers (same as No. 2340). Berg (same as No. 2316). Berg (same as No. 2140). Berg (same as No. 2394). Berg (same as No. 2290). Berg (same as No. 2343). Growler. Berg (same as No. 2056). Berg (same as No. 2380). Pack boundary. Do. (same as (same as (same as (same as (same as (same as (same as (same as (same as (same as (same as (same as (same as (same as (same as (same as (same as (same as (same as (same as (same as (same as (same as (same as NO.J2413). No." 2353). No. 2279). No. 2006). No. 2071). No. 2264). No. 2304). No. 2305). No. 2424). No. 2425). No. 2315). No. 2404). No. 2317). No. 2321). No. 2421). No. 2431). No. 2430). No. 2411). No. 2414). No. 2412). No. 2409). No. 2295). No. 2329). No. 2330). 57 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued No. 2465 2466 2467 2468 2469 2470 2471 2472 2473 2474 2475 2476 2477 2478 2479 2480 2481 2482 2483 2484 2485 2486 2487 2488 2489 2490 2491 2492 2493 2494 2495 2496 2497 2498 2499 2500 2501 2502 2503 2504 2505 2506 2507 2508 2509 2510 2512 2513 2514 2515 2516 2517 2618 2519 2520 2521 2522 2523 2524 2525 2526 2527 2528 2529 2530 2531 2532 2533 2534 2535 2536 Date May 16. ..do ..do ..do ..do ...do ..do ..do ...do .do May 17 ...do ...do ...do ..do ...do ..do ...do ..do ...do ...do -.do ...do.... ..do.... ...do.... ..do.... ..do.... ...do.... ..do.... ..do.... -.do.... ..do.... ...do-... ..do.... ..do.... ...do.... ..do.... ...do.... ...do.... .-do..-. ...do-... ...do...- .-do-..- .-.do-.. .-do..-- ..do.... .do. May 18 ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do .-.do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do Mav 19 ...do . .do ...do..... ...do ...do Name of vessel Ice Patrol plane do do do do... do do do do do Adolph Gleue Irniingard C an berra Unknown vessel.. U. S. C. G. cutter Sebago do Adolph Gleue Can berra do ...,do Wilheims Poseidon Prins Philips Willem.. Torsholm do do Unknown vessel Ophelia Prins Philips Willem.. Poseidon Torsholm... do- Wilheims Comandanle Teneriro. do ,\ndria Wabana do do---. Prins Alexander USN aircraft Unknown aircraft do Torsholm Poseidon Prins Philips Willem.. IlydrO- Stadrotterdam Siredal Hispania Marquette do do Ophelia Leanna Monsim USN plane do... do Canadian Department of Transport. do Leanna Monsun Leanna Kaigata Tifon Sagitta Bea verlake Bea verlodge do..... do Monsun North latitude 46 59 47 20 44 50 45 31 45 31 45 50 45 51 45 54 46 29 46 52 47 18 47 15 45 54 44 51 47 00 48 52 47 00 45 58 45 59 46 14 46 56 46 37 45 19 45 57 46 13 46 32 44 37 47 20 45 37 46 32 46 07 46 00 47 19 46 44 46 46 44 53 46 23 46 24 46 26 45 58 60 30 49 20 49 40 46 08 46 05 45 44 West longitude 52 48 52 36 48 59 60 62 62 36 62 34 62 14 52 14 53 28 52 51 49 34 49 26 48 44 46 11 50 57 49 48 51 00 48 31 48 20 48 06 51 04 48 24 53 17 50 25 51 48 49 15 48 56 49 00 52 39 49 08 53 11 52 53 49 39 49 50 49 48 45 22 53 41 53 5) 53 39 62 15 63 30 53 00 53 20 53 59 50 22 51 07 59 10 54 40 I 55 35 to 64 00 I 55 10 to Belle Isle to Cape Bauld to outer Hare Bay to Grey Islands , to Fogo Island 47 68 52 04 47 56 52 04 45 38 63 27 44 47 46 05 44 ,62 47 10 45 00 46 10 46 29 52 13 46 13 53 17 46 24 48 40 N W. of Cape Bauld Near Belle Isle SE. of Brehat Point Amour Off Belle 46 30 46 22 46 49 46 45 46 03 46 07 46 56 46 35 46 35 46 36 45 54 Isle 52 02 49 24 51 00 48 21 52 20 53 50 50 30 53 32 53 58 53 41 62 40 Description Berg (same as No. 2331). Berg (same as No. 2039). Growler. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. • Do. Do. Berg (same as No. 2446). Radar target possible berg. Do. Berg (same as No. 2297). Berg (same as No. 2428) . Radar target possible berg. Berg (same as No. 2428) . Radar target possible berg. Do. Do. Large berg (same as No. 2422). 2 bergs and 2 growlers (same as Nos. 2437,2438). Berg (same as No. 2419). Berg (same as No. 2376). Berg (same as No. 2.323). Berg (same as No. 2416). Berg (same as No. 2443). Berg (same as No. 2415). Berg (.same as No. 2450). Berg (same as No. 2372). Berg (same as No. 2452). Growler. Large berg (same as No. 2377). 2 bergs (same as Nos. 2276, 2361). Berg (same as No. 2417). Berg (same as No. 2300). Berg (same as No. 2458) . 5 small growlers. Growler. Berg (same as No. 2426). 1 large berg, 6 small bergs. Berg. Do. Berg (same as No. 2408). Large berg (same as No. 2314). Berg (same as No. 2436). )Paek bomidary. Berg. Berg (same as No. 2612). Berg (same as No. 2339). Berg (same as No. 2478). Berg (same as No. 2301). Berg (same as No. 229S). Berg (same as No. 2460). Berg (same as No. 2495). 2 small bergs (same as No. 2486). 6 bergs. 15 bergs. Do. Close pack ice. Scattered strings of field ice. Berg (same as No. 2518). Berg (same as No. 2490). Berg (same as No. 2429). Growler. Berg (same as No. 2504). Berg (same as No. 2608) . Growler. Berg (same as No. 2461). Berg (same as No. 2469). 2 growlers. Berg (same as No. 2630). 58 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date May 19. ...do ._-(io ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do . .do ...do -do. .do- ..do May 20 ..do .-do..... ...do- ..do- ..do..... —do..... ..do.-... ..do..... ..do..... ..do 2562 May 21 2563 ...do .do ...do- .do Name of vessel Fort Hamilton do do Siredal Monsun Cheticamp do US.A. Fail-craft. USN aircraft.. do do Hydro. .do- .do. Lavoro. Tifon... Hydro.. .do. .do- do do do do do Goose Bay .\B. L'A venture - Mormacisle. Hydro Elin Haven. Hydro. North latitude 46 12 46 20 46 25 48 17 45 57 46 36 46 37 45 00 West longitude 54 13 54 00 53 15 51 59 53 12 53 34 53 50 45 00 Farmyard Island. . Bvron Bav 59 40 58 00 I Fogo Island to 50 15 I 53 50 to 50 22 I 54 53 to 50 50 I 55 15 to Grey Islands Harbor Belle Isle to 52 30 I 54 40 to 53 20 I 54 35 to 53 30 I 55 20 to 54 20 i 54 50 to \ 54 30 I 55 00 Simiutak to sea- ward. 44 43 I 44 07 46 05 I 49 37 Narsak to seaward. BW-1 harbor BW-3 harbor 53 50 54 15 54 20 54 20 54 10 54 55 55 10 55 42 56 23 56 48 Labrador coastal area between 52°00' N. and 55°00' N. 42 43 I 49 26 44 15 I 44 06 Fogo Island to 50 15 i 53 50 to 50 15 I 54 40 to 50 50 I 55 15 to 50 45 I 55 30 to 51 00 1 55 30 to 51 15 I 55 00 to 51 20 I 55 10 to Coast Fichot Cove. 44 37 I 46 56 NE tip Belle Isle to 53 00 I 54 30 to 53 30 I 55 15 to 54 20 I 54 45 to 55 30 I 55 30 to 55 00 i 57 30 to 55 30 I 58 30 to 50 00 I 58 00 to 56 00 I 56 30 to ^ 57 30 I 59 40 59 Description Berg (same as No. 2531). Berg (same as No. 2501). Berg (same as No. 2456). Berg. Berg and 9 growlers fsame as No. 2519). 2 bergs. Berg and 3 growlers (same as No. 2457). Berg. 12 bergs. 24 bergs. 6 bergs. \Pack boundary. Do. Many bergs. Berg and 2 growlers (same as No. 2500). Berg and 2 growlers (same as No. 2527). 9/10 to 10/10 brash, many bergy bits, > and growlers. Few bergy bits and growlers. 9/10 to 10/10 brash, few bergy bits and I growlers. 2 bergs. 6 bergs. 4 bergs. 9 bergs. Do. 100 bergs. Large berg (same as No. 2442). 3 growlers (same as No. 2551). Pack boundary. Berg (same as No. 2516). >Pack boundary. TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued No. 2567 2568 2569 2570 May 22 2571 -.do— - 2572 ...do_— . 2573 ...do-— 2574 ...do 2575 ...do 2576 ...do.—. 2577 ...do....- 2578 _-.do._... 2579 ...do.-... 2580 ...do..... 2581 ...do_.__. 2582 ...do-.... 2583 --.do 2584 May 23 2586 —do...- 2586 ...do-.-. 2587 ...do.- — 2588 ...do— 2589 ..-do— - 2590 — do- -. 2591 ..-do— - 2592 ...do.— . 2593 ...do-...- 2594 2595 2596 2597 2598 2599 2600 2601 2602 2603 2604 2605 2606 2607 2608 2609 2610 2611 2612 2613 2614 2615 2616 2617 2618 2619 2620 2621 2622 Date May 21 ...do..... ...do- ...do. May 24 —do--- ..-do— . --do— - ..-do--- —do..-. ..-do— ...do.--. -do.-.- ...do — do— .. May 25 ..-do— .. -.do-.— .-do--- ...do-.... ..do--... ...do-.-. ...do -.do .-do--. ..do -.do -.do-.-. ...do—. ...do—. ...do-..-. ...do Name of vpssel Narsarssuak AB do Hydro Columbia Oris Prins Frederik Willem-. Desdemona Manchester Explorer Columbia.. Joliet Fanad Head Goodwood Prins Willem Van Oranje Asia Mauretania Hydro do Prins Willem Van Oranje Lueiana M are iro Polaris L' A venture . do Falco -- U. S. N. S. Kelley Lueiana Nieuw Amsterdam Hydro Atlantic Agathi Joao Martins U. S. N. S. Mission. Los Angeles U. S. N. S. Johnson Beaverglen Monica Smith Ingrid Woide Hydro. do do Georgic do do Belle Isle radio. Ingrid Weide U. S. N. S. Kelley- Heelsum do Ryholm- do do --.-do Beaverbrae do do Durham Trader... Gileanes North latitude West longitude BW-1 harbor BW-3 harbor 51 40 I 55 15 to 51 45 I 55 30 to 52 00 I 55 30 to 52 15 45 46 47 12 44 51 47 20 47 18 44 56 42 13 46 40 46 36 46 20 46 47 41 58 BW-1 harbor BW-3 harbor 55 10 45 28 50 45 49 05 50 48 49 45 49 07 49 55 52 10 53 07 54 17 51 13 49 44 47 69 46 24 46 20 41 50 46 16 46 21 46 12 46 25 46 53 41 53 / 60 25 47 58 53 12 49 30 49 35 49 33 49 35 49 22 53 18 51 15 49 17 60 50 56 00 I 58 00 to 55 45 I 55 30 52 40 I 54 45 to Cape Bauld 48 20 41 55 47 20 42 00 46 25 47 03 47 27 46 57 46 39 49 22 51 15 49 54 53 20 51 18 50 57 49 60 'Cape Thorvaldsen to 60 00 I 46 30 to 59 20 I 47 30 to 58 50 I 44 15 to 59 10 I 42 45 to 60 25 I 42 30 thence NW. Fjord BW-1 harbor 46 24 I 53 19 47 04 51 28 47 49 I 49 35 Strait of Belle Isle. Cape Norman to Point Amour. 46 33 46 36 41 51 42 15 47 03 47 05 47 05 47 05 47 03 47 05 46 59 48 25 46 37 52 26 53 35 49 22 48 59 51 10 51 19 51 43 51 63 61 07 51 20 51 09 51 35 50 50 Des(ription 3 growlers. 12 growlers, 3 bergy bits, 15% brash. Pack boundary. Growler. Do. Berg (same as No. 2265). Growler. Berg (same as No. 2497). Berg (same as No. 2572). Berg (same as No. 2441). 3 growlers. Do. Berg (same as No. 2538). Berg (same as No. 2485). Berg (same as No. 2676). Few growlers. 2/10 brash, few bergy bits. Berg. Berg (same as No. 2539). Berg (same as No. 2499). Berg (same as No. 2581). Berg (same as No. 2498). Berg (same as No. 2586). Berg (same as No. 2588). Berg (same as No. 2586). Berg (same as No. 2481). Berg (same as No. 2587). Pack boundary. Radar target possible berg. 1 berg and 4 growlers (same as No. 2593) . Berg (same as No. 2433). Berg (same as No. 2491). Berg (same as No. 2591). Berg (same as No. 2479). Berg. Berg (same as No. 2574). iPack boundary. Few bergs. 4/10 to 7/10 cover. Berg (same as No. 2599). Berg (same as No. 2697). Berg. Heavy field ice. Berg (same as No. 2513). Berg and growler (same as No. 2540). Berg (same as No. 2598). Berg (same as No. 2562). Berg and growler (same as No. 2601). Berg and growler (same as No. 2600). Berg and growler. Berg. Berg (same as No. 2614). Berg (same as No. 2616). 3 growlers. Berg. Berg (same as No. 2528). 60 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1 954— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West lons;itude Description May 25 ...do ...do _-_do __.do ---do ..-do ..-do --do --.do -..do ...do .-do --do ---do -..do ...do .-do --do --do --do --.do -.-do .-.do --.do --.do — ...do ---do --do....- --do .--do Mav 26. -.do ...do ..-do ...do --.do .do., .do., .do- -do- -do- .do.. -do-, -do- .do.. .do., -do- .do.. .do., .do., .do., .do., -do., -do., -do- -do- .do. May 27. --.do .-.do .-do ...do ..do ...do .-do ...do ...do ...do Commandante Tenreiro. U. S. S. Opportune Beaverbrae Ice Patrol plane do do do do do do do do do do do do do do ....do .---do .---do .---do ....do ---.do ----do ...-do -.-.do.- do .---do -...do- ....do Enid Victory. Marengo Arosa Star Aseania Christen Smith. Aruthur Cross.. Marengo Sneaton Aseania do U.S.C.G. Cutter Duane Ice Patrol plane. .do. Sneaton Nova Scotia do do Nelly Aseania Konsul Nova Scotia do do do U. S. C. O. Cutter Duane. Hydro. .do. 46 42 46 30 47 04 42 25 43 48 43 51 43 56 44 10 44 10 44 32 44 37 44 38 44 40 44 40 44 42 44 43 44 48 44 57 44 57 45 00 45 05 45 10 45 15 45 15 45 18 45 22 45 23 45 25 46 29 46 36 46 37 42 09 47 06 46 27 47 38 41 10 47 16 47 50 46 53 47 04 47 08 47 06 41 19 42 27 46 10 47 05 47 16 47 19 46 34 46 32 47 02 46 59 47 11 46 31 46 57 47 28 67 20 50 55 54 18 51 43 49 16 49 17 49 22 49 20 49 38 49 48 49 25 49 22 51 09 49 23 50 25 49 28 50 11 50 20 50 42 51 00 50 56 51 50 50 31 50 59 52 10 52 04 51 39 52 08 51 20 53 33 53 45 53 40 48 56 51 23 53 18 49 36 49 30 52 38 49 38 48 23 51 08 51 05 51 47 49 15 48 48 49 50 52 51 52 40 52 42 54 01 53 56 51 51 52 50 52 49 53 18 52 52 51 02 57 45 to I 5b 50 57 30 57 00 58 00 Empress of Australia U. S. S. Linden wald. Ice Patrol plane do Najade Birte Hugo Stinnes.. Gaspe do do do US AF aircraft 69 00 to 70 00 I t( 71 00 I I 72 00 I 35 miles east of Cape Discord to 41 miles south of Cape Farewell to 90 miles south of Sardlok. 46 34 46 41 Berg (same as Xo. 2622). Berg (same as No. 2534). Berg (same as No. 2616). Medium berg (same as No. 2613). Radar target possible berg. Small berg (same as No. 2302). Radar target possible berg. Do. 5 radar targets possible bergs. Radar target possible berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 2 radar targets possible berg. Radar target possible berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Large berg (same as No. 2.533). Radar target possible berg. Do. Berg (same as No. 2626). Berg (same as No. 2619). Berg and many growlers (same as No. 2606). Berg (same as No. 2608). Berg (same as No. 2596). Berg and several growlers (same as No. 2466). Berg (same as No. 2657). Berg (same as No. 2381). Berg (same as No. 2592). Berg rsame as No. 2618). Small berg fsame as No. 2625). Berg (same as No. 2658). Berg (same as No. 26.54). Berg (same as No. 2589). Berg (same as No. 2393). Berg. Berg (same as No. 2659). Berg (same as No. 2.^^43). Berg (same as No. 2671). Berg (same as No. 2617). Berg (same as No. 2465). Berg. Growler. Do. Berg. iMain pack boundary. 40 59 41 45 46 28 44 47 46 49 46 32 46 33 46 34 46 50 54 00 50 45 48 40 49 10 53 22 49 12 52 52 53 09 53 10 53 10 51 50 Pack boundary, Berg (same as No. Berg (same as No. Berg (same as No. Berg (same as No. Berg (same as No. Berg (same as No. Berg (same as No. Growler. Do. Do. Berg (same as No. 2672). 2623) . 2665). 2612). 2656) . 2575). 2674). 2673). 61 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date May 27_ ,..do . .do ...do ...do ...do ...do ..do ..do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do May 28. ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ..do .do..... .do..... .do-... ..do. ...do. ...do. -.do- .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ..do.... ..do.... ..do.... .do.... ..do.... ..do.... ..do-... .-do.... ..do.— ..do.-. ..do-— ..do— - ..do.-.. Name of vessel Laguna Math. Gaspe ---.do Salacia. - -...do Najade Empress of France. ....do ....do Pindar Ramore Head ....do do. U. S. S. Linden wald Makef jell Acadia do ...do Olympia Black Falcon Empress of France Assyria River Afton Ramore Head Beaverburn Suanefjell Beaverburn do do U. S. C. G. Cutter Ever- green. Ice Patrol plane do .do. .do. -do. -do- North latitude .do. .do- -do. .do. .do- -do- -do. .do. -do. .do. -do. .do. .do. -do. .do. ...do ...do ...do -do ...do ...do ...do..-.. ...do ...do ...do . .do May 29. ...do ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do ...do ...do—.. ...do ...do do do ...do..... do do Manchester Trader. do do do do Villanger Beaverburn do do Unknown aircraft.. do Samaria do-. Beaverburn Homeland - Holstein Samaria Prometheus Stavangerfjord Rimon Samaria.. Stavangerfjord U. S. S. Opportune. do do Stavangerfjord Holstein 41 05 46 47 46 48 46 40 46 41 46 22 46 25 46 26 46 33 48 03 47 07 47 10 47 15 46 41 47 17 46 55 47 02 47 05 42 06 40 47 47 56 42 03 47 57 46 24 47 26 47 17 47 21 47 23 47 32 46 38 41 00 44 18 46 27 46 30 46 31 46 33 46 33 46 42 46 42 46 45 46 47 46 51 46 59 47 05 47 10 47 10 47 12 47 17 47 26 47 26 42 06 42 41 46 21 46 50 46 57 47 39 46 48 46 51 46 59 47 10 47 31 46 42 47 04 47 07 47 10 49 37 49 37 46 24 46 35 46 40 42 23 46 55 46 26 40 31 46 42 40 30 47 05 47 11 60 55 61 00 61 12 47 31 46 43 West longitude 48 38 52 55 52 54 52 06 51 37 54 19 54 23 53 21 53 55 49 43 51 13 51 03 49 52 50 45 49 50 52 ■ 40 52 45 52 49 48 51 48 20 49 40 48 54 49 36 54 20 48 43 51 06 49 40 49 31 49 35 53 54 48 40 49 09 54 12 53 15 50 38 53 52 54 27 52 39 52 40 52 46 51 31 52 30 52 51 52 46 51 15 52 33 51 00 51 41 51 06 52 36 48 52 48 48 53 00 52 43 52 54 52 35 52 35 52 44 52 45 51 35 50 40 51 42 51 07 50 48 51 43 52 03 52 41 54 18 53 58 52 37 48 27 48 00 53 20 48 37 52 38 48 21 50 38 51 30 53 07 52 40 52 54 50 56 50 04 Description Berg (same as No. 2683). Growler. Do. Berg (same as No. 2664). Berg (same as No. 2580). Berg (same as No. 2579). Berg (same as No. 2624). Berg and growler (same as No. 2685). Berg (same as No. 2651). Berg. Berg (same as No. 2662). Berg (same as No. 2663). Berg (same as No. 2660). Berg (same as No. 2682). Berg (same as No. 2704). Berg (same as No. 2669). Berg (same as No. 2675). Berg (same as No. 2668). Berg (same as No. 2666) . Berg (same as No. 2692). Berg. Berg (same as No. 2710). Berg (same as No. 2712). Berg (same as No. 2697). 2 bergs (same as No. 2584). Berg (same as No. 2703). Berg (same as No. 2706). Berg. Do. Berg (same as No. 2700). Berg (same as No. 2711). Berg (same as No. 2686). Berg (same as No. 2681). Berg (same as No. 2699). Berg (same as No. 2705). Berg (same as No. 2721). Berg (same as No. 2698). Berg (same as No. 2707). Berg (same as No. 2729). Berg (same as No. 2708). Berg (same as No. 2696). Berg. Berg (same as No. 2709). Berg (same as No. 2670). Berg (same as No. 2702). Berg. Berg (same as No. 2717). Berg (same as No. 2655). Berg. Do. Growler. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Berg (same as No. 2733). Berg (same as No. 2737). Berg (same as No. 2735). Berg (same as No. 2739). Berg. Berg (same as No. 2732). Berg (same as No. 2736). Berg (same as No. 2738). Berg (.same as No. 2751). Berg. Do. Berg (same as No. 2715). Berg (same as No. 2727). Berg and growlers (same as No. 2748). Berg (same as No. 2628). Berg (same as No. 2661). Berg (same as No. 2725). Berg (same as No. 2722). 2 bergs and growlers (same as No. 2761 ) Berg (same as No. 2765). Berg (same as No. 2755). Bergs (same as No. 2756). Berg. Do. Do. Berg (same as No. 2752). Berg (same as No. 2602). 62 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 2775 2776 2777 2778 2779 May 29. ...do..... ...do .-do do Svanefjell do Samaria do do 46 42 52 39 46 43 52 48 47 08 49 25 47 11 49 13 47 23 49 13 40 32 48 23 46 32 53 17 46 38 52 54 46 42 52 56 40 30 48 21 40 21 48 23 46 57 52 48 47 11 52 40 49 00 53 09 Within 25 miles and NE. of Fogo Island. 50 45 55 03 50 52 55 03 51 04 54 26 51 23 54 53 Close inshore Hare Bay to Cape Bauld. 51 44 1 54 28 Berg (same as No. 2766) . Do. Berg (same as No. 2718). Berg (same as No. 2719). Berg (same as No. 2720). Berg and growler (same as No. 2767) Large berg (same as No. 2764). Large berg (same as No. 2776). Large berg (same as No. 2746). Berg (same as No. 2780). Radar target possible berg (same No. 2784). Berg. Do. Do. 7 bergs. Medium berg. Large berg. Do. Small berg. U bergs. Medium berg. 30 bergs. 50 bergs. 25 bergs. Small berg. Field ice limits. Scattered to broken field ice. Do. Ice field. Do. Pack boundary. Do. Berg (same as No. 2781). Berg (same as No. 2760). Berg (same as No. 2729). Berg (same as No. 2695) . Berg (same as No. 2775) . Berg (same as No. 2714). 6 gi-owlers. Berg (same as No. 2759). Large berg (same as No. 2785). Berg (same as No. 2807). Berg (same as No. 2763). 2780 2781 ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do ...do..... ...do ...do ...do ...do McGraw Cape Race Radio 2782 2783 2784 2785 2786 do do Ryndam Mauretania Ice Patrol plane as 2787 2788 do do 2789 2790 ...do ...do do .. do . 2791 2792 2793 2794 2795 ...do..... ...do ...do ...do..... ...do do do do do .... do 2796 do do Area between Cape Bauld and Belle Isle. Strait of Belle Isle. Area between Belle Isle and Labra- dor coast. 52 08 1 53 28 49 31 1 53 49 ( to 49 54 1 53 51 to 49 56 1 53 20 to 49 41 1 53 11 to 49 47 1 52 41 to 49 59 1 52 51 to 50 09 1 53 45 to , 50 05 1 54 15 SE. side Strait of Belle Isle. Vicinity Point Amour. 10 miles all direc- tions from point 11 miles ESE. of Cape Bauld. 10 miles all direc- tions from point 11 miles NE. of Belle Isle. Fogo Island to Funk Island to 50 10 1 55 00 to Grey Island to Fichot Island to Coney Head. Hawke Island to 52 30 1 55 00 to 2797 -. do.... do 2798 ...do do 2799 ...do .. . do 2800 .. do.... .. . do 2801 2802 ...do ...do .. do do do 2803 .... do 2804 do do - 2805 ...do....- ...do May 30 do Hydro 2806 do 2807 t . 54 00 46 25 46 35 46 37 46 41 46 44 47 41 46 02 46 26 40 10 46 26 46 45 0 54 00 53 16 53 53 52 39 52 30 52 42 48 58 52 32 54 11 48 15 53 17 47 47 2808 do 2809 2810 ...do ...do do do do 2811 .do 2812 .. do do 2813 ...do ...do..... ...do ...do..... ...do Columbia . .. 2814 2815 2816 2817 U.S. N. S. Valdez U. S. N. S. Eltinge U. S. N. S. Valdez Saggat-... 63 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date May 30 ...do_.... .-do-—. ...do— _. -..do ..-do.—. ...do-.... .-.do-.- ...do— ...do— ...do..- ..-do--. ...do. — , -..do-.... ...do—., .-do...-. ...do-.-., .--do--. May 31 ...do--... ...do-.--. ...do—., .-do..— ...do.-.. .--do -..do-.-. ..-do ...do ..-do ...do ...do ..-do.— --.do -.-do--- ---do-.--- .do- June 1 ...do ..-do --.do----. ...do .-.do ..-do ...do ...do ...do-... ..-do-.-. ...do .--do .--do .-.do...-. ...do .-.do ...do ...do ...do..... ...do--., .--do ...do. ...do. .--do- ...do- ...do. .-.do. .-.do. ...do. ...do. .-.do. Name of vessel Saggat do Columbia U. S. N. S. Valdez do do. U.S.C.G. Cutter McCul- loch. do do U. S. A. F. aircraft U. S. C. G. Cutter McCul- loch. U.S. CO. cutter Andro- scoggin. Callisto do Columbia do. do do Media Prins Maurits Cortona Sondresstrom AB Cortona do do Ice Patrol plane... Mormacmail Transatlantic. Sondresstrom .\ B do U. S. S. Opportune do do do do... Hydro. Poseidon Manchester Regiment Zuiderkruis Poseidon ..-.do Elian Unknown aircraft Warkworth Manchester Regiment... ...do ■. Fort Hoskins Ice Patrol plane -...do --.-do -...do.. ....do .---do- Micmac U. S. N. S. Geiger U.S. CO. Cutter Andro- scoggin. W arkwor th U.S. CO. Cutter Andro- scoggin. Warkworth Poseidon C airngowan Manchester Regiment Dione ----do Arundo U. S. S. Opportune ....do .--.do North latitude ° / 46 46 46 52 46 23 46 36 46 48 47 19 46 39 46 43 46 47 50 45 46 25 46 37 46 46 46 46 46 47 47 46 46 62 46 46 46 40 40 46 61 62 64 64 64 64 64 ( 56 57 58 58 69 West longitude 24 27 35 52 56 02 25 18 41 38 25 30 39 00 02 25 50 35 04 06 09 15 42 I 00 I to 10 I to 00 I to 50 I to 50 I to 15 I to 45 23 26 51 28 31 07 20 26 40 45 27 51 28 29 44 41 46 12 00 26 46 31 46 34 46 41 46 49 46 56 47 28 47 33 47 37 48 07 61 07 62 10 63 34 ° / 48 21 48 05 50 09 52 41 52 49 52 38 52 40 52 31 52 46 54 45 53 16 53 51 54 09 53 17 48 25 48 02 48 31 47 64 50 53 48 21 62 32 66 46 53 16 54 16 53 42 48 35 48 32 47 05 66 00 55 15 53 36 53 46 54 02 53 54 53 46 68 15 69 15 58 55 59 00 58 10 59 10 54 05 54 18 48 30 52 24 52 26 49 58 50 00 53 14 62 66 62 18 63 14 48 30 63 01 62 21 52 11 52 50 53 42 47 42 47 29 52 20 52 22 53 19 52 17 50 64 52 62 60 69 49 11 48 40 62 40 53 00 53 03 53 32 Description Berg (same as No. 2716). Do. Small berg (same as No. 2667). Berg (same as No. 2809) . Berg (same as No. 2734). Berg (same as No. 2741). Berg (same as No. 2821). Berg (same as No. 2810). Berg (same as No. 2822). Berg. Berg (same as No. 2816). Berg (same as No. 2808). Berg (same as No. 2814). Berg (same as No. 2828). Berg (same as No. 2818). Berg (same as No. 2819) . Berg (same as No. 2778). Growlers. Berg (same as No. 2773). Berg (same as No. 2832). Berg (same as No. 2825). Several bergs. Berg (same as No. 2831). Berg (same as No. 2724). Berg (same as No. 2829). Berg (same as No. 2815). Berg (same as No. 2843). Berg (same as No. 2817). 6 large bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Pack boundary. Berg (same as No. 2830). Berg (same as No. 2841). Berg (same as No. 2844). Berg (same as No. 2838). Berg (same as No. 2824). Berg (same as No. 2774). Bei-g (same as .\o. 2723). Berg (same as No. 2840). Berg (same as No. 2783). Berg (same as No. 2753). Berg (same as No. 2861). Berg (same as No. 2856). Berg. Do. Do. Growler. Do. Berg (same as No. 2762). Large berg (same as No. 2871). Berg (same as No. 2857). Large berg (same as No. 2868). Berg (same as No. 2864). Berg (same as No. 2863). Growler. Berg. Growler. Berg (same as No. 2779). Berg (same as No. 2812). Berg. Do. Do. Do. 64 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued No. 2888 Date June 1 ...do Name of vessel U. S. S. Opportune. do .do. 2889 2890 2891 2892 2893 2894 2895 2896 2897 2898 2899 29no 2901 2902 2903 2904 2905 2906 2907 2908 2909 2910 2911 2912 2913 2914 2915 2916 2917 2918 2919 2920 2921 2922 2923 2924 2925 2926 2927 2928 2929 2930 2931 2932 2933 2934 2935 2936 2937 2938 2939 2940 2941 2942 .do June 2 ..do ..do .-do ..do __do .-do ..do ..do ..do _._do..._. ...do ...do...-. ...do.. . ...do.... ..-do-..-, .-.do..... ...do-.-, ---do-.-. ..-do-.- ...do.... ...do--.. ---do-- - --.do ... ...do. .. ---do-.-, ---do---- ---do..-. ---do--., -..do.... June 3 .--do---, --.do.... Hydro. USN aircraft. North latitude 63 40 64 00 / 50 15 West longitude 53 37 53 12 54 15 --do --do --do..... --do-.-.. --do..... ..do.... ...do.... ...do.... .--do--. ...do—.. ..-do.-, .--do.... ...do..- --do ... June 4 ...do..-. ...do...- ...do_... ...do-.. ...do.... Cairngowan ....do ....do Warkworth Lismoria ....do Prairie Mariner Montreal City ..--do -.-.do Warkworth . ..--do --..do ...-do Prairie Mariner Arosa Star Empress of Scotland-. . ----do .--.do -...do Montreal City Belos U. S. C. G. cutter Unimak Arosa Star Ardglcn... Arosa Star Linda U. S. C. G. cutter Unimak do. Calanda Empress of Australia do Calanda to 50 35 I 55 10 to 51 00 I 55 25 to 10 miles east of Belle Isle to 53 40 1 55 00 to V 54 15 I 54 10 thence NW. 55 15 1 54 00 to 55 02 1 54 00 to 52 45 I 54 00 to 51 50 1 54 30 to 51 40 I 55 15 to Belle Isle to Red Bay Fcchenheim. Beaverlodge- do do do do do Kurtarlt Unknown aircraft _ Loria - Cairndhu Beaverlodge Unknown aircraft. Egidia Scythia do do do do Quebec 46 27 46 28 46 44 46 51 46 17 46 28 46 26 46 30 46 30 46 45 47 07 47 13 47 35 47 17 46 50 47 00 46 26 46 35 46 47 46 48 46 46 45 00 46 25 47 33 46 20 47 28 44 49 46 28 46 27 47 00 46 27 46 28 54 14 53 12 52 50 50 53 54 15 53 14 52 22 52 55 53 10 52 43 50 16 49 44 48 19 48 38 52 20 50 25 54 14 53 46 52 21 52 16 52 21 46 25 54 IS 48 56 54 15 48 07 46 21 53 16 53 15 52 47 54 14 54 14 Description Do. JPack boundary. From east coast Newfoundland at 48°55' N. and east for 30 miles. 48 25 46 26 46 28 46 34 46 37 46 43 46 44 45 57 49 10 50 14 47 00 46 54 45 00 47 20 46 25 46 26 46 29 46 33 46 48 46 45 51 12 54 15 .53 12 52 25 53 42 52 50 52 47 47 46 51 18 54 39 52 3! 52 23 46 20 54 15 53 13 52 29 52 27 Do. Berg (same as No. 2855). Berg (same as No. 2875). Berg (same as No. 2815). Berg (same as No. 2768). Berg (same as No. 2890) . Berg (same as No. 2891). Berg (same as No. 2873). Berg and growler (same as No. 2862) . Berg (same as No. 2895). Berg (same as No. 2878). Berg (same as No. 2859). Berg (same as No. 2777). Berg (same as No. 2881). Growler. 4 small growlers. Berg (same as No. 2900). Berg (same as No. 2854). Berg (same as No. 2842). Berg (same as No. 2876V Berg (same as No. 2874). Berg (same as No. 2908), Berg (same as No. 2516). Berg (same as No. 2906). Berg (same as No. 2880). Berg (same as No. 2912). Berg (same as No. 2902). Berg and 2 growlers (same as No. 2911). Berg (same as No. 2898). Growler. Berg (same as No. 2769). Berg (same as No. 2914). Berg (same as No. 2020). Close pack with numerous growlers and scattered bergs. Berg. Berg (same as No. 2921). Berg (same as No. 2917). Berg (same as No. 2910). Berg (same as No. 2907). Berg (same as No. 2892). Berg (same as No. 2899). Berg and several growlers (.same as No. 2845). Growler. Berg. Berg (same as No. 2919.) Berg and growler (same as No. 2909). Btrg (same as No. 2916). Berg (same as No. 2836). Berg (same as No. 2896). Berg (same as No. 2924). Berg (same as No. 2925). Berg (same as No. 2926). Berg (same as No. 2934). Medium berg (same as No. 2833). 65 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date June 4--. ___do ...do ...do June 5 ...do.-. ...do._.. ...do..-. .-.do.._. ...do_-.. _-_do.... ...do..-. ...do-... .._do..._ ...do.... -..do.... ---do..-. June 6 ...do ...do..... —do-... -.-do..-. ...do..-. -..do-..-. -..do.—. -..do ...do ---do--.. ...do—.. --.do June 7 ...do— -. --.do..... --.do ...do --.do..... ...do..... ...do-—, -..do..... ..-do—. ...do---. -.-do ...do-... ...do.— . ..do. -do. June 8 -..do ...do ---do ...do.—, ---do-..-. ...do -.-do ...do ---do- -. -..do ---do- --.do. .do. Name of vessel Quebec U. S. S. Shakori Arthur Cross do Palma do do Godafoss do do do Cierzo Bassano ---.do.--- --- Cape Race Radio Adrina U. S. S. Lindenwald. USN aircraft. East Point Victory.. Neptunia Neckarstein Vandalia do Unknown ship Sondresstrom AB do do Concordia Belray Birte Hugo Stinnes.. Geheimrat Sartori... do Rialto Beaverbrae Vandalia do do Beaverbrae do Vandalia do Vardulia do U. S. S. Lindenwald- Hydro- .do. Vardulia Heidelberg- U. S. S. Utina do do do Manchester Shipper. ..--do do Rathlin Head. do Hydro- .--.do. USN aircraft- North lati ude o , 46 48 48 59 46 39 46 42 46 15 46 26 46 30 46 36 46 43 46 43 46 52 45 12 46 45 46 50 46 44 47 48 31 55 West longitude Description to 53 00 52 52 52 39 52 58 52 43 48 46 52 27 52 40 52 58 51 44 52 08 I 63 49 15 I 51 55 'ithin 70-mile radius of 55 00 54 34 48 48 49 35 51 15 49 59 48 18 56 00 54 50 55 40 50 19 48 05 48 16 52 27 52 36 51 21 53 15 52 28 52 39 52 23 52 57 52 28 54 12 54 07 52 31 52 28 54 IS 30 38 53 22 14 31 54 10 30 00 21 00 46 08 46 49 46 51 47 31 46 30 46 34 46 40 46 45 46 44 46 48 46 27 46 30 46 34 46 49 46 20 57 00 to 54 40 I to 54 30 I to 53 40 I to 53 00 thence SSW. BW-1 harbor and approaches. 59 45 55 00 54 00 52 20 54 00 46 24 54 15 42 51 48 21 46 35 52 37 46 37 52 29 47 43 51 25 46 52 52 23 46 36 53 45 46 37 52 36 46 52 52 26 46 37 52 35 46 51 52 25 BW-1 harbor BW-3 harbor / 53 05 I 54 30 to 53 25 I 55 10 to 53 30 I 54 40 to 53 40 I 55 20 to 54 00 i 54 30 to 54 10 I 55 05 66 Small berg (same as No. 2834). Several bergs, many growlers. Berg and growlers (same as No. 2929). Berg (same as No. 2928). Berg (same as No. 2897). Berg (same as No. 2939). Berg (same as No. 2945). Berg (same as No. 2946). Berg (same as No. 2951). Berg (same as No. 2933). Berg (same as No. 2882). Berg (same as No. 2837). Berg (same as No. 2951). Berg (same as No. 2953). Berg and 4 growlers (same as No. 2952). Berg. •Growlers and brash. 10 bergs. Heavy concentration brash and block. Berg (same as No. 2954). Berg (same as No. 2860). Berg (same as No. 2936). Berg (same as No. 2901). Radar target possible berg. Berg. Do. Do. Berg (same as No. 2905). Berg (same as No. 2915). Berg (same as No. 2913). Berg (same as No. 2955). 2 growlers. Growler. Berg (same as No. 2948). Berg (same as No. 2940). Berg (same as No. 2956). Berg (same as No. 2976). Berg (same as No. 2957). Berg (same as No. 2979). Berg (same as No. 2938). Berg (same as No. 2927). Berg (same as No. 2977). Berg (same as No. 2981). Berg (same as No. 2998). 'Pack boundary. Many bergs and growlers. Berg (same as No. 2986). Growler. Berg (same as No. 2978). Berg (same as No. 2984). Berg. Berg (same as No. 2985). Berg (same as No. 2949). Berg (same as No. 2952). Berg (same as No. 2994). Berg (same as No. 2996). Large berg and growler (same as No. 2997). Brash. Do. )Pack boundary. TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date June 8.. .do June -..do. ...do. -_.do. ...do. .-.do. ...do. .__do_ ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do- -_-do. .__do- ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do- ...do- ...do- ...do- .-.do_ ...do_ ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do- ...do_ ...do_ ...do. ...do. ..do.. 3041 June 10 3042 ...do 3043 I. ..do Name of vessel USN aircraft. do. Empress of France Unknown ship Empress of France .-..do ----do U. S. N. S. Bluejacket- Empress of France Grootebeer -..-do U. S. C. G. cutter Ever- green. FS209..-- Stegeholm Enid Victory. U. S. S. Edisto- do do do Vidal Beaverburn-.. Enid Victory.. FS209 Woodford Irmingard FS209 Adolph Gleue. do Beaverglen U. S. S. Edisto. Adolph Gleue.. Beaverburn do do. Irmingard U. S. C. G. cutter Ever- green. Hydro. -do..- Beaverglen. do do North latitude / 54 54 54 54 54 V 55 62 61 61 60 60 57 58 57 57 57 47 48 48 46 46 47 46 46 West longitude Description 35 53 45 to 55 I 55 45 to 25 I 55 40 to 25 I 56 05 to 50 I 56 15 to 15 I 54 00 00 I 64 00 to 30 I 64 00 to 25 I 61 30 to 30 I 01 00 to 50 I 60 30 tc 00 I 60 00 to 10 I 50 30 to 20 i 59 40 to 35 I 59 10 to 58 30 50 45 51 54 53 11 52 58 53 21 50 38 54 14 54 14 54 21 48 37 52 40 48 38 52 16 52 16 52 27 52 57 52 26 52 24 49 30 54 19 52 02 52 52 50 57 51 48 53 08 52 35 52 27 54 19 53 13 53 11 52 58 53 14 52 42 52 34 47 51 30 46 00 to 40 I 47 20 to 25 I 47 50 to 00 1 47 30 35 I 46 30 to 30 I 47 30 to 10 47 20 27 52 42 28 53 13 38 52 31 67 'Pack boundary. Do. Berg and 2 growlers (same as[No. 2970). 3 bergs. Berg and 2 growlers (same as No. 2976) Berg (same as No. 2980). Growler. Berg (same as No. 3005). Berg (same as No. 2989). Berg and 4 growlers (same as No. 3011). 7 growlers. Berg (same as No. 2972). Berg. Berg and several growlers (same as No. 2962). [Brash and growlers. Berg (same as No. 2992) . Berg (same as No. 3008). Berg (same as No. 2999). Berg (same as No. 2958). Numerous very small pieces of ice. Berg (same as No. 3012). Berg. Do. Berg (same as No. 3010). Growler. 2 bergs. 2 bergs and several growlers (same as Nos. 2998, 3018). Berg (same as No. 3020). Berg (same as No. 3023). Berg (same as No. 3007). Berg (same as No. 3032). Berg (same as No. 2937). Berg (same as No. 3033). Berg (same as No. 3029) . Berg (same as No. 3021). Berg (same as No. 2971). Ice boundary. •Belt of field ice 10 miles wide. Berg (same as No. .3036). Berg (same as No. 3035). Berg (same as No. 3037). TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date Namo of vessel North latitude West longitude Desciiption June 10 ...do.... ...do-.-. ...do--.. .do--, -do--, .do--, .do-., -do.-, -do... .do--, -do.-- _do... .do -do -do .do -do .do -do -do .do .do.--. -do .do -do .do -do- .do. ...do- _do- .do. .do- .do-... -do.--, -do--., -do.--, -do--.. -do. do- Beaveilake. do Atlantic Franconia.- do do do -- do - do .-- Beaverlake . - do.-.. do do do do .- do do do I--r.do.'-'^-I"---------]- do Atlantic .. do.-., do.... do do Beaverglen do Erholm Atlantic Montrose. -- Franconia.. --..do ----do Beaverglen. Franconia-- -.-.do Empress of Scotland- do do do Ice Patrol plane do -do do .do ----do ...do .---do ....do --..do -do. -do- .do. U. S. NT. aircraft. do -do. -do- -do. Empress of Scotland. -.-.do Stad Vlaardingen Hydro 47 29 47 33 47 27 47 25 46 25 46 41 46 49 46 25 46 28 46 39 46 44 46 49 46 38 46 28 46 44 46 38 47 24 46 40 46 26 47 32 46 27 46 40 46 50 47 29 46 15 46 26 46 21 46 26 46 27 46 50 47 15 47 30 48 10 49 21 48 22 50 38 51 00 52 44 52 32 52 31 52 43 53 12 52 35 52 58 52 32 52 30 53 13 52 58 52 31 49 11 48 10 54 14 49 18 53 11 52 32 52 31 48 23 53 21 54 14 52 45 54 13 53 16 52 31 52 35 51 21 52 32 Bonavista Bay. 49 10 53 03 49 15 53 11 49 25 52 40 49 32 53 20 49 35 53 12 -do. .do. Vicinity Fogo Is- land. Hare Bay to Cape Bauld. Strait of Belle Isle.. 'Bradore Bay Lab- rador along north shore of strait of Belle Isle to south point of Belle Isle then nortli from north point of Belle Isle to 52 15 I 55 12 to 52 15 I 54 15 to 53 05 I 54 00 thence north and northwest. 51 30 56 30 Cape Normand and Cape Bauld. St. Anthony har- bor. Southern tip of Belle Isle west to Labrador coast. Strait of Belle Isle. 47 17 I 50 43 47 29 51 00 48 09 ! 52 39 Simiutak to sea- ward to Cape Thorvaldsen. BW-1 harbor BW-3 harbor Berg (same as No. 2965). Berg. Berg (same as No. 2964). Berg and several growlers (same as No. 3046). Berg (same as No. 3041). Berg (same as No. 3043). Berg and 4 growlers. Berg (same as No. 3048). Berg (same as No. 3042) . Berg (same as No. 3049). Berg (same as No. 3019). Berg (same as No. 3050). Growler. Berg (same as No. 3052). Berg (same as No. 3054). Berg (same as No. 3053) . Growler. 2 bergs and growlers. Berg (same as No. 3031). Berg (same as No. 3044). Berg (same as No. 3057). Berg (same as No. 3059). Berg and 7 giowlers (same as No. 3055). Berg (same as No. 3045). Berg (same as No. 3034). Berg (same as No. 3062). Berg (same as No. 3051). Berg (same as No. 3069). Berg (same as No. 3064). Berg (same as No. 3066). Berg. Berg (same as No. 2993). Berg. 5 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. 5 bergs. 13 bergs. 102 bergs. Scattered field ice. 18 bergs. Few bergs. Clear. Pack boundary. 1/10 to 2/10 cover. Berg. Berg (same as No. 3047). Berg. Many bergy bits, growlers. Scattered bergs and growlers. Do. 68 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued f No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description Saunders Island to Kap York to Byrants Island to Brownes Is- land to Holmes Island to Nugs- suak Island to 73 15 1 59 15 to 3098 June 10 Hydro 72 50 1 57 45 to Pack boundary. 72 50 1 59 00 to 71 00 1 56 10 to 70 .30 1 58 00 to 70 00 1 56 50 to 69 45 58 30 56 20 56 00 to 3099 .-do do 55 30 1 55 30 to 54 30 i 54 30 to Belle Isle. White Bear Island to 54 00 1 57 00 to 54 15 1 56 50 to 54 30 1 56 10 to 55 05 1 57 25 Do. 3100 —do do to 55 20 1 57 00 to 54 45 1 56 00 to 54 25 1 56 00 to 55 30 1 55 30 to 55 30 1 54 50 r 53 40 1 55 50 to 54 10 1 56 10 to 54 30 1 56 25 to 55 10 1 55 25 to ■Southern pack boundary. 3101 — do--.. do 54 45 1 53 45 to 54 20 1 53 40 to 54 10 1 54 25 to 53 50 1 54 10 to 53 40 I 55 on thence SE. .Boundary detached pack. 3102 June 11 Beaverlake 46 25 54 13 Berg (same as No. 3071). 3103 — do.-.. U. S. C. G. cutter Ever- green. 46 45 46 44 Radar target possible berg. 3104 —do Montrose 46 32 53 29 Berg (same as No. 2995). 3105 .- do Bristol City 46 42 52 39 2 growlers. 3106 .-do.-- Manchester Merchant 46 30 53 27 Berg. 3107 —do do..^ 46 40 52 40 Berg (same as No. 3065). 3108 —do.--. do 46 54 52 34 Berg (same as No. 3073). 3109 .-do Arosa Kolm 46 20 53 04 Berg (same as No. 3070). 3110 .. do -. do 46 26 46 27 46 26 53 40 53 27 54 13 Berg (same as No. 3068). Berg (same as No. 3072). Berg (same as No. 3102). 3111 --do - do . do-- 3112 Bristol City 3113 —do Prins Alexander 49 50 60 23 Berg. 3114 -.do— do 49 50 49 52 49 52 60 27 60 06 60 11 Do. Small berg. Do. 3115 -.do do 3116 — do. — do 3117 .-do--. do 49 54 59 55 Berg. 3118 .-do . - do 49 56 49 56 59 43 60 00 Do. Do. 3119 -.do -.. do 3120 ...do do 50 01 61 41 Small berg. 69 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued No. 3121 3122 3123 3124 3125 3126 3127 3128 3129 3130 3131 3132 3133 3134 3135 3136 3137 3138 3139 3140 3141 3142 3143 3144 3145 .3146 3147 3148 3149 3150 3151 3152 3153 3154 3155 3156 3157 3158 3159 3160 3161 3162 3163 3164 3165 3166 3167 3168 3169 3170 3171 3172 3173 3174 3175 3176 3177 3178 3179 3180 3181 3182 3183 3184 3185 3186 3187 3188 3189 3190 3191 3192 Date June II --do.-.-. ..-do— - ...do .-.do— - ...do --.do—. ...do --do ---do ...do..-- -do. Name of vessel Prins Alexander do do do- do do Oslofjord do U. S. N. S. Sagitta- do U. S. N. S. Vela--- June 12 -.do— .. -do -.do-... -do.— . ..do ...do.— . ..do..... ...do-... --do—.. .-do June 13 -.do .--do.-., .-.do.— ...do— ...do .- —do.-- .-.do— ...do.— ...do— -. —do—.. ..-do—. ...do--. ...do.--, .-do-.... ...do.--. ...do-—. ..do— - — do— . Hydro. -do- June 14 ..-do- — ...do.— ...do..— ...do—.. ..-do-.- .-.do- — .-do— . —do .-do—.. ..do -.do— - .-do-— . -.do—, --do...- .-do -.do -.do ..do ..do ..do ..do— ..do -do ..do ..do .-do ..do -.do U. S.N. S. Vela Ramore Head do do do U. S. C. G. Cutter Ever- green. do Arthur Cross ... do do Begonia. --. . U. S. N. S. LST287 U. S. C. G. Cutter Spencer. do Esther Schulte. do Unknown ship Esther Schulte do do do U. S.N. S. Kellev do "- do . --..do -.--do ..--do Cortona . . -—do- -...do- North latitude Hydro- Unknown ship -.-.do Cortona Oakby —do Ice Patrol plane - .-.-do -..do ...-do -.-do do do do Danaholm Cairngowan . . . do do Parthia Grootebeer Glaisdale Lyngenfjord Grootebeer ----do --.-do ..--do -- ..-do Atlantic Parthia Ice Patrol plane. 50 02 50 02 50 02 50 03 50 03 50 04 46 27 46 30 46 26 46 29 46 27 West longitude 60 36 60 32 60 36 60 04 60 20 61 47 53 36 53 40 53 36 53 47 54 16 Cape Bauld to 51 40 ! 59 00 to Belle Isle to 52 30 I 54 30 to Martin Tickle 46 29 46 23 46 28 46 28 46 36 46 27 46 32 46 26 46 30 46 42 46 11 46 29 43 03 43 06 46 23 46 20 48 17 46 15 46 24 46 36 46 38 46 10 46 21 46 35 46 38 46 39 46 21 46 07 46 25 46 29 53 00 56 00 57 00 61 00 49 16 49 18 46 18 46 11 46 19 46 22 46 29 46 37 46 42 47 04 46 34 46 35 46 40 46 10 46 26 46 32 46 35 47 00 46 27 46 15 46 17 46 18 46 30 46 36 46 40 46 32 46 16 47 05 43 17 53 44 54 14 53 43 53 52 52 52 53 46 53 54 53 44 53 53 52 54 53 50 54 20 48 14 49 07 53 16 53 23 52 46 54 00 54 13 52 54 52 51 54 01 53 20 52 50 53 03 52 55 53 20 53 48 54 10 53 44 55 00 62 00 52 48 52 45 53 11 53 50 53 12 52 56 53 25 52 55 52 59 51 04 53 35 52 51 53 02 53 50 54 13 53 44 52 58 48 31 54 14 49 11 53 44 53 41 53 47 52 50 52 53 52 59 54 13 47 36 48 08 Description Berg. Growler. Do. Do. Do. 5 growlers. Berg (same as No. 3106). Berg (same as No. 3110). Berg (same as No. 3127). Berg (same as No. 3128). Berg (same as No. 3112). ■Southern pack boundary. Berg (same as No. 3130). Berg (same as No. 3131). Berg (same as No. 3129). Berg (same as No. 3133). Berg (same as No. 3107). Berg (same as No. 3135). Berg (same as No. 3136). Berg (same as No. 3138). Berg (same as No. 3139). Berg (same as No. 3058). Berg. Berg (same as No. 3134). Radar target possible berg. Do. Berg (same Growler. Berg. Berg (same Berg (same Berg (same Berg (same Berg (same Berg (same Berg (same Berg (same Berg (same Growler. Berg (same Berg (same Berg (same as No. 3109). as No. as No. as No. as No. as No. as No. as No. as No. as No. as No. as No. as No. 3143). 3144). 3137). 3142). 3150). 3147). 3153). 3152). 3108). 3154). 3151). 3140). Pack boundarv. Berg. Do. Berg (same as No. Berg (same as No. Berg (same as No. Berg (same as No. Berg (same as No. Berg (same as No. Berg (same as No. Berg (same as No. Growler. Do. Do. Berg (same as No. Berg (same as No. Berg (same as No. Berg (same as No. Berg (same as No. Berg (same as No. Growler. Berg (same as No. Berg (same as No. Berg (same as No. Berg (same as No. Berg (same as No. Growler. Berg (same as No. Berg (same as No. Growler. 3155). 3160). 3166). 3168). 3162). 3156). 3158). 3092). 3167). 3161). 3141). 3171). 3063). 3178). 3177). 3184). 3179). 3180). 3172). 3182). 3067). 70 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954 — Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description o ; O 1 3193 U. S. N. plane ( 56 15 01 00 ) to 56 22 1 60 59 to 56 41 1 60 56 jPack boundary. 3194 ...do-.-. ...do .-.do Hydro to 56 53 1 60 54 to 57 09 61 21 56 45 58 30 to 56 05 1 57 40 Farmyard Island to turnavik Is- land to Iron- bound Island to Ragged Island to 54 55 1 58 10 to .54 45 1 58 30 ( 60 55 1 48 50 to 59 45 1 47 30 to 59 45 1 47 00 Do. ' Do. Do. 3195 3196 -...-do do 3197 June 15 ...do ...do—-. ...do—.. do Atlantic to 59 30 t I 59 25 46 46 46 24 46 40 46 40 47 49 47 59 46 13 58 57 46 10 46 26 46 12 43 57 46 40 46 26 47 49 48 09 48 13 48 20 48 15 46 53 46 49 46 30 47 15 47 49 47 50 47 56 48 01 48 09 48 33 48 40 47 51 47 58 54 35 54 30 54 15 54 20 53 55 54 04 46 00 0 43 20 52 55 54 03 52 55 52 55 49 30 52 42 53 19 48 00 53 10 54 13 53 43 48 39 52 54 53 25 52 46 51 10 50 50 51 40 50 55 51 31 51 44 47 10 51 05 52 47 52 43 51 42 51 18 51 33 52 23 52 39 52 23 51 49 55 00 0 54 15 0 1 53 35 1 53 30 0 1 53 35 0 1 53 40 0 Berg (same as No. 3188). Berg (same as No. 3190). Berg (same as No. 3187). Berg (same as No. 3199). Radar target possible berg. Berg. Berg and growler (same as No Berg. 2 growlers. Berg (same as No. 3198). Berg (same as No. 3185). Berg (same as No. 3016). Berg (same as No. 3200). Berg (same as No. 3170). Berg (same as No. 3202). Berg. Do. Do. Do. Berg (same as No. 3173). Berg (same as No. 3216). Berg. Berg (same as No. 3093). Berg (same as No. 3211). Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Growler. Do. Pack boundary. 3198 Irvingdale 3199 3200 3201 U. S. N. S.Johnson do 3202 -.do..-. ...do ...do-— — do — - ...do --do. — - .-.do ...do—.. ...do— - --.do June 16 ..-do—.. — do- — --do ...do— . ...do --do do 3203 Irish Oak 3169). 3204 USAF aircraft 3205 Waterman -. .. 3206 3207 U. S. C. G. Cutter Men- dota. Waterman 3208 Olga . 3209 3210 U. S. N. S. Kelley 3211 Saggat - 3212 3213 U. S. C. G. Cutter Men- dota. do- 3214 Sageat 3215 Stad Rotterdam. 3216 Resurgent 3217 3218 lee Patrol plane.. . 3219 do 3220 ...do - .. do 3221 do do 3222 .- do - do 3223 — do— - do do 3224 do . - 3225 -..do .. do 3226 3227 — do-... .. do do do 3228 ---do ---do— - do 3229 Hydro.— 53 30 1 54 30 53 05 1 55 30 to 52 60 1 55 30 52 45 52 20 I 52 32 1 53 38 0 1 52 35 1 52 40 342128—55- 71 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued nJate Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description June 17 ---do._... -..do .... ...do_.... ._.do.-_.. _..do ...do...-, ---do -do--., -do.... -do.... -do.... -.do— - .-do.... --do.-- --.do.... --do— ...do.-- ---do.... ...do-.. ...do..-- --do.-- ...do.-. -.-do—. ...do— - June 18 ...do— - --do-—, --.do- — --do—.. ...do.-... ...do..... ---do.— ...do... ...do..-., ---do.-- do Irish Pine do River Afton do do Irish Pine Samaria U. S. C. G. cutter Abseeon. Ice Patrol plane. ...-do .-..do .--.do- do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do.. June 19 -.do ..do .-do — do-..- -.do ..do..... June 20 ..do June 21 ...do.-- ...do...- --.do ...do --.do ...do-.-. ...do —do-.... ...do --do ...do ...do.... -.do -.do ..-do June 22 .-.do..... .--do.--, .--do.-.. June 23 —do ...do-.... ..-do---. ...do..... —do..... .-do--.. .-do.-.. — do..--. -.do..... -do-.-. do Kollbryn Mormacwave Unknown aircraft.. Durham Trader ...-do River Afton -...do ----do Sunland City of Manchester. Transatlantic .---do 3307 l--.do. Elysia do Herta Engeline Fritzen.- do - Monsun Ice Patrol plane do Franconia Manchester Explorer USAF aircraft do - TWA aircraft do Vardulia S wainby do do Manchester Explorer do Arosa Star do T&sco U. S. bVdrcutter Ever- green. ---.do Sandsend UnknowTi aircraft Ice Patrol plane ..-.do .---do Ascania .-..do ....do Arkansas Ascania ....do ....do- Oakby Storfjeld -...do U. S.C. a. cutter Andro- scoggin. Wych wood 46 40 46 46 48 05 48 07 48 01 46 25 46 48 46 40 46 40 47 41 46 46 47 47 47 52 47 57 48 02 48 11 48 13 48 27 48 29 48 32 48 37 48 39 52 55 52 53 51 27 51 13 51 41 54 12 51 33 52 56 52 54 51 53 52 55 52 44 52 46 51 31 51 00 51 32 51 22 52 22 52 49 52 28 52 47 52 26 Bonavista Bay. Fogo Island to Cape Freels, 47 25 46 25 42 53 45 15 48 14 48 08 47 52 48 06 48 12 45 37 46 20 45 56 46 02 46 37 46 41 46 36 46 39 46 54 45 56 43 49 47 44 46 23 48 20 48 43 49 00 49 10 46 24 46 37 46 39 47 02 46 38 46 43 46 40 46 42 45 44 46 35 46 37 46 55 49 13 42 59 43 59 43 25 52 34 52 35 52 36 43 34 52 11 52 19 52 44 48 55 49 08 49 11 46 33 46 30 62 29 48 13 48 17 47 05 51 38 51 45 51 56 51 47 51 47 48 10 48 10 53 58 54 12 52 51 52 53 52 52 52 54 51 38 46 30 48 55 49 48 53 39 52 25 51 20 51 30 53 00 54 21 52 45 52 37 52 23 52 50 52 46 52 49 52 43 54 04 52 48 52 42 51 37 53 09 48 46 48 55 48 18 51 43 51 36 51 46 48 38 54 00 53 51 51 10 52 43 53 06 53 09 54 23 53 00 Berg (same as No. 3209). Berg (same as No. 3197). Berg. Do. 4 growlers. Berg and 2 growlers (same as No. 3206). Berg (same as No. 3217). Berg and many growlers (same as No. 3230). Berg (same as No. 3237) . Berg. Berg and many growlers (same as No. 3231). Berg (same as No. 3221). Berg (same as No. 3220). Berg (same as No. 3222). Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 9 bergs. 4 bergs. Growler. Berg (same as No. 3181). Growler. Berg (same as No. 2930). Berg. Several growlers. Berg (same as No. 3243). Berg. Do. Growler. Berg (same as No. 3255). Borg (same as No. 3203). Berg (same as No. 3207). Berg (same as No. 3238). Berg (same as No. 3240). Berg (same as No. 3267) . Berg (same as No. 3268). Berg (same as No. 3236). Berg (same as No. 293.5) . 3 small growlers. Radar target possible berg. Berg (same as No. 3210). Berg. Do. 4 small bergs. 2 large bergs. 2 bergs (same as Nos. 3186, 3235). Berg rsame as No. 3269). Berg (same as No. 3270). Growler. Berg (same as No. 3281). Berg (same as No. 3282). Berg (same as No. 3284). Berg (same as No. 3285). Berg (same as No. 3265). Berg (same as No. 3286) . Berg (same as No. 3287). Berg (same as No. 3271). Berg. Small berg (same as No. 3208). Small berg (same as No. 3061) . Growler. Berg. Do. Growler. Do. Berg. Do. Numerous small growlers. Berg. Do. Do. 2 bergs and numerous growlers (same as No. 3280). Berg (same as No. 3289) . 72 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date June 23. ...do— - ...do..... ...do ...do..... ...do ...do ...do..-.. ...do ...do..-.. ...do..... ...do .-.do— .. .-.do ...do ...do ...do..... ...do.— . June 24 .-.do.—. ..-do ...do—.. June 25 ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do June 27 ...do— .- --.do June 28 ...do ...do..... ...do --.do June 29 -..do—.. ...do ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do .-.do-.... ...do..... ...do .... June 30 ..-do..... ...do..... July 1 ...do..... --.do-... ...do..... ...do..... July 2 ...do..... ...do—.. ...do.—, --.do—, --.do..... July 3 ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... July 4 ...do-.. ...do..... .--do.... .--do.... --.do--.. ...do-., -..do...., ...do...-. Name of vessel U. S. N. S. Mascoma Storfjeld ..--do U. S. C. G. cutter Ever- green. Empress of Scotland Storfjeld Hydro U. S. N. S. Nodaway- ..-.do .---do -.-.do .-..do -.--do --..do .--.do -...do .-..do ..--do ....do .-.-do ....do do. U. S. C. O. cutter Ever- green. U. S. N. S. Nodaway--. - ----do U. S. S. Alsea Samaria Gun vor Maersk American Harvester Samaria Nova Scotia Birte Hugo Stinnes Carl Qorthon Cleopatra do -- Poseidon Caslon Wurttemberg U. S. C. G. cutter Andro- scoggin. Beaverbrae Svanefjell Beaverbrae M. B. McLean.. do do do do do do Beaverbrae Marengo Monica Smith... President Pierce. U. S. S. Alsea... ---.do do do Bristol City Ice Patrol plane . do do do Stad Vlaardingen Unknown aircraft U. S. C. G. cutter East- wind. Hydro do- U. S. N. S. Kelley- Adolph Gleue do do do do do do Unknown aircraft . North latitude West longitude Strait of Belle Isle 48 49 I 52 58 48 51 52 56 48 42 52 50 52 54 to 53 07 I thence 47 50 49 30 51 50 51 51 51 54 51 58 51 58 51 59 52 01 52 02 52 03 52 06 52 07 52 09 52 10 52 10 52 13 48 02 51 00 51 28 52 25 51 12 47 23 43 05 Strait of 46 15 53 13 46 25 46 29 46 32 46 33 46 31 48 06 46 31 52 33 Amour Four 52 30 51 30 51 30 51 31 51 34 51 35 51 36 51 37 51 50 48 26 48 48 43 07 52 04 52 05 52 12 52 16 52 31 42 49 43 08 44 00 48 01 47 58 50 00 52 40 51 45 50 53 SSE. 52 37 53 30 55 34 55 43 55 30 55 30 55 43 55 44 55 39 55 35 55 32 55 35 55 25 55 29 55 32 55 35 55 24 49 46 57 00 56 29 51 14 57 01 51 30 49 15 Belle Isle 54 25 51 42 54 36 54 34 54 12 52 53 54 30 50 43 55 13 51 11 Point to Mile Cove. 51 34 56 30 56 38 56 41 56 21 56 22 56 24 56 21 55 13 49 05 49 17 49 22 50 38 50 43 50 40 50 44 50 51 48 54 49 28 48 20 48 02 52 42 52 25 51 04 BW-1 harbor. BW-3 harbor. Description 46 33 52 53 49 41 55 10 49 49 55 19 49 50 55 18 49 51 55 Zi 50 51 55 22 50 54 55 16 51 00 55 19 47 50 53 05 42 bergs scattered in strait. Berg. Do. Growler. Widely scattered ice with several bergs and growlers. Berg (same as No. 3242) . 15 bergs. Radar target possible berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 2 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Growlers. Radar target possible berg. Berg. Do. Berg and growler. Berg. Berg (same as No. 3219). Radar target possible berg. Numerous bergs. Radar target possible berg. Berg and growlers. Berg (same as No. 3306). Berg (same as No. 3340). Berg (same as No. 3306). Berg (same as No. 3290). Berg (same as No. 3341). Radar target possible berg. Do. Berg and growlers. Numerous bergs and growlers. Growler. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Berg and growlers. Radar target possible berg. Berg. Radar target possible berg. Berg. Radar target possible berg. Growler. Berg and growler (same as No. 3293). Radar target possible berg. Do. Berg. Large berg. Berg. Large berg. Bergs and growlers. Do. Radar target possible berg. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 73 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954 — Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 3384 3385 3386 3387 3388 3389 July 5 ...do— - ...do.—. ...do ...do ...do..... ...do..... __.do ...do..... ...do.-.. .. do .... Nieuw Amsterdam U. S. C. G. cutter Men- dota. do Adriana Johan Van Oldenbame- velt. 42 38 46 33 46 37 51 27 42 18 47 55 47 58 46 34 54 08 47 56 48 03 48 08 48 13 48 29 48 47 48 53 48 57 48 58 49 07 49 08 49 10 49 13 49 31 49 35 48 00 52 54 54 07 50 03 49 22 52 57 52 41 52 53 52 49 53 00 52 27 52 31 53 12 48 00 52 43 53 17 53 29 53 36 53 21 53 22 48 44 53 13 52 38 .53 40 12 small radar targets possible s Berg (same as No. 3343). Berg and growler (same as No Berg and growler. Berg and growler (same as No Berg (same as No. 3383). Berg (same as No. 3370). Berg (same as No. 3385). Berg and growlers. Berg (same as No. 3388). Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 3 bergs. ^%o. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 67 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. 4 bergs. 17 bergs. 8 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. 5 bergs. Berg. Do. Growler. Radar target, possible berg. 3 radar targets, possibleibergs. Do. 2 bergs and growler. Bergs. Do. Berg (same as No. 3386). 16 bergs. 7 bergs. 14 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Do. 3 bergs. Berg. 12 bergs. rrowlers. 3342). 3294^ 3390 3391 3392 do Neptunia CTG 6.3 . . 3393 Ice Patrol plane 3394 do 3395 ...do .- do 3396 3397 ...do.-.- . do . do do 3398 ...do do 3399 3400 ...do ...do ...do..-. ...do....- ...do...-. ...do ...do..... ...do-.... ...do..... ...do do . do 3401 .... do 3402 do 3403 3404 3405 3406 do do do 3407 do 3408 do ENE. 10 miles off 3409 .. do .... do Fogo Is 49 50 49 52 49 59 50 05 50 13 51 12 51 20 51 30 51 33 51 42 51 50 Within 2 diusof 52 05 52 07 52 08 52 31 land. 53 10 53 12 53 41 52 30 52 49 54 19 55 08 53 55 54 01 54 04 50 02 2-mile ra- Belle Isle. 54 36 54 31 50 07 55 07 3410 .. do do - 3411 3412 3413 ...do ...do ...do..... ...do ...do..... ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do...- ...do ...do..... -.do-.-. ...do..... ...do..... --.do— .. do ... do do do 3414 3415 3416 3417 3418 3419 3420 do do do do do do do 3421 do 3422 -- do 3423 3424 do -- do 3425 do Offshore near Cape St. Francis. Offshore near 3426 do - . - 3427 3428 -.do..— ...do -.do ...do..... ...do ...do-.... -.do..-. ...do ...do do do Hawks 52 42 52 54 52 55 52 58 53 08 53 18 53 32 53 37 49 34 53 10 53 14 53 20 42 15 51 50 51 22 46 38 Cape F Funk Fogo 1 Cape I Notre D£ Vicinity land. 50 36 50 48 51 03 51 04 Hare Ba> 51 31 Near Cai Island. 54 47 54 58 53 10 55 05 51 52 54 35 54 00 54 15 50 53 53 10 53 35 53 50 49 20 50 00 49 29 54 05 reels to [sland to sland to 'reels, me Bay.. Gray Is- 54 42 54 30 54 06 54 47 entrance. 54 46 )e Bauld. - 3429 3430 3431 do do do 3432 3433 do do 3434 3435 do do 3436 3437 ...do do.. do do .. 3438 ...do..... July 6 ...do ...do...- -.do-.... ...do -.do—.. ...do ...do ...do..... ...do do .. do 3439 3440 3441 Unknown aircraft Fairtkv 3442 3443 U. S. C. G. cutter Bara- taria. Ice Patrol plane .. 3444 3445 3446 3447 3448 do do do do ---—-----— ------ 3449 do 3450 3451 3452 ...do ...do ...do -Illdo------------- do 74 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description July 6 _.do_-_-. _.do____. ._do..._. ...do..... ...do..... Ice Patrol plane. do do do do do.. .__. July 7 _.do.._-. _.do..... ._do___.. _.do-_._. _-do ..do._... ..do.._.. -.do._... _.do -.do__... ..do -.do..... July 8 ..do -.do_._.. Adolph Gleue do do do do do do do do do do do U. S. N. S. Sgt Jonah E. Kelley. U. S. C. G. cutter Bara- taria. Niantie Victory Ice Patrol plane July 9 Goose Bay AB. July 9 July 10 _-do..... .do. Goose Bay AB. TWA plane U. S. C. G. cutter Abse- con. do .--do_-_. July 11 ...do.__.. ..do ...do-... ..do ...do._... July 12 ...do ...do ...do..... ...do..-.. .-.do..-_. .-.do.-_. ...do-... ...do.—. ...do..-. ...do—. ...do..-, .-.do— ...do.... do Irish Oak Waterman Beaverglen do- Niantie Victory. do- Beaverbrae do do do Ice Patrol plane - do do do do do do do do do 54 53 54 49 54 53 54 55 55 06 -.do --.do do do do do ...do ...do— do do 51 44 51 45 51 46 51 48 51 48 Close inshore BeUe Isle. Belle Isle to Labra- dor coast. Strait of Belle Isle_. 51 22 I 57 02 51 26 I 57 12 Amoxu' Point to Cape Bauld. 49 38 55 01 49 42 54 46 49 44 54 32 49 44 54 33 49 44 54 43 49 45 54 33 49 45 54 36 49 47 55 02 49 45 54 42 49 46 54 40 49 46 54 41 49 46 54 44 46 46 54 09 52 27 51 17 46 34 52 55 46 10 54 45 f 58 15 60 30 58 35 I to 58 50 I 60 35 59 10 I 60 15 to 59 05 1 60 35 to 59 30 I 60 15 toNW. 58 20 I 62 00 to 58 17 I 61 15 to 58 50 I 60 45 to 58 50 I 61 30 to 61 00 I 61 45 to 61 10 I 61 25 toNW. 49 22 1 52 16 50 19 52 26 Immediate vicin- ity C Marv. 46 35 46 34 46 34 52 41 52 11 49 18 49 20 51 40 51 43 51 44 52 26 48 05 48 55 48 56 49 10 49 15 49 17 49 22 49 24 49 38 50 40 Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. 6 bergs. 28 bergs. 11 bergs. Berg. Do. 13 growlers. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Berg and growler. Do. Growler. 3 growlers. Berg and 16 growlers (same as No. 3342). Berg. Berg (same as No. 3391). Growler. iPack boundary. te V ape cm- St. 52 53 52 46 52 52 51 50 55 12 52 36 52 30 55 52 55 27 55 13 51 00 52 55 .53 03 53 15 51 36 53 05 52 43 53 20 52 39 53 54 52 44 Do. Berg. 3 bergs. 3 growlers. Berg (same as No. 3478). Berg and growler (same as No. 3485). Berg (same as No. 3486). Berg. Do. Berg and growlers. Do. 2 bergs. 3 bergs. Berg. Berg and 2 growlers. Berg. Berg and growler. Berg and 4 growlers. Berg. 2 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. 75 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954 — Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 3506 July 12.. do Ice Patrol Plane 51 12 51 20 51 26 51 32 51 37 51 38 51 41 51 42 51 51 52 20 52 30 52 34 52 35 52 53 53 00 53 06 53 08 53 10 53 16 51 14 52 54 52 56 50 16 46 32 46 49 52 32 52 28 49 04 49 45 49 19 49 22 49 25 49 45 49 24 54 05 49 21 54 36 54 35 49 42 54 38 50 29 54 42 55 06 50 55 50 50 51 54 52 13 53 10 52 34 52 03 .52 35 52 26 52 22 .54 10 52 46 52 30 53 15 52 53 54 12 50 32 50 39 52 25 ,50 42 52 35 54 40 52 35 52 00 53 30 Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. 2 bergs. Berg and growler. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Berg and growler. Berg. Do. Do. 6 bergs and growler. 2 bergs and 1 growler. Berg and growler. Berg. Growler. Do. 2 growlers. 2 bergs. Growler. 2 growlers. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Several bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. 3 bergs. } Do. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Growler. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Medium berg. Growler. Radar target, possible berg. Large berg. 2 large bergs. [■4 medium bergs. Large berg. Do. Berg, 160 feet high, 705 feet long. 3507 do 3508 do do 3509 3510 --do ...do.. do do 3511 3512 __.do .-.do.-... - do do do . 3513 .. do 3514 ...do ...do . .... do 3515 --.. do 3516 3517 --.do --.do - do do do . 3518 ... do 3519 .. do --.. do 3520 --.do do 3521 ...do do 3522 ...do do-- 3523 -..do.—. .- do . . do - - 3524 .... do 3525 --.do do 3526 do do 3527 -..do— - ...do July 13 .-.do July 15 .- do . do 3528 3529 Ice Patrol plane . . 3530 3531 do Beaverford 3532 . do 3533 July 16 July 18 July 18 do Hvdro 3534 do 3535 do .. 3536 . do 3537 .. do .... do 3538 .- do do 3539 July 22 do do 3540 . do Strait of Belle Isle 3541 -. do .... do 52 00 52 18 52 48 53 00 50 15 52 42 50 54 50 54 50 48 51 00 48 15 .53 10 3542 .. do do 3543 -..do. . do 3544 do do 3545 July 24 .. do .... do 3546 --.- do 3547 July 26 ...do..-. .. do - USCG plane f Within 12 miles of 3548 Hydro ...'. I 51 20 49 11 SO lU 52 29 3549 ... do 49 58 49 48 51 51 51 06 52 08 52 18 52 17 52 20 52 16 50 05 51 44 51 58 52 14 52 25 51 16 48 11 48 13 48 22 50 09 50 36 51 04 51 41 51 57 51 20 49 41 51 50 52 36 53 37 (Within 2 •J radius [ 52 50 59 18 59 21 58 23 50 58 51 08 50 56 51 00 51 12 51 22 51 33 51 05 51 04 41 30 51 11 51 33 51 25 51 56 51 10 52 33 52 45 52 32 51 41 50 33 51 .50 52 16 51 35 50 05 50 37 51 48 55 12 55 30 0-mile Df 54 30 44 53 45 09 43 22 3550 do do 3551 do do 3552 3553 ...do..... .. do do-- .... do 3554 ...do..— do do 3555 do 3556 do do 3557 do do 3558 July 28 July 29 . do do 3559 3560 U. S. C. G. Cutter Ing- ham. ... do 3561 do do 3562 Aug. 2 Aug. 4 ...do---. do Bahia Thetis . 3563 3564 L^SCG plane 3565 do 3566 do do 3567 .. do- -. ..-.do.-- 3568 do do 3569 .- do . do 3570 .. do ... do 3571 do do 3572 3573 Aug. 11 ...do- . do— do 3574 do do 3575 Aug. 16 Aug. 25 Aug. 27 Aug. 29 ...do 3576 3577 U. S. C. G. Cutter Ever- green. USCG plane 3578 3579 U. S. C. G. Cutter Ever- green. do 3580 Aug. 31 Ravenshoe 76 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1954— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 3581 3582 3583 3584 3585 3586 3587 3588 3589 3590 3591 3592 3593 3594 Sept. 3 Sept. 4 ...do.—. ...do _... ...do Sept. 5 Sept. 6 Sept. 7 ._-do Sept. 17 Dec. 1 Dec. 3 Dec. 8 ...do Hydro, .do. U. S. C. G. Cutter Ever- green. do do Hvdro .do. 50 06 53 32 50 00 53 00 59 17 43 07 USCG plane. do do Foldenfjord... Hydro Straun Tel Aviv 59 20 59 29 50 00 59 20 49 45 53 25 52 57 56 38 51 28 55 56 55 38 43 52 43 36 52 45 44 32 52 32 53 07 52 58 42 42 51 38 41 47 39 10 Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 2 large bergs. Growler. Do. Small berg. Large berg. Berg. Berg, 1 10 feet high and growlers. Berg. 77 PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE GRAND BANKS REGION AND THE LABRADOR SEA IN 1954^ By Floyd M. Soule and J. E. Murray, U. S. Coast Guard The U. S. C. G. Cutter Evergreen again served as oceanographic vessel of the ice patrol in 1954. There were no major ship changes affecting the oceanographic work. Earlier bulletins of this series con- tain descriptions of deck and laboratory equipment for carr3nng out the mission of ice patrol oceanography^ The work of dynamic topographic surveying for the 1954 ice patrol season began with the departure of the Evergreen from Argentia on the afternoon of 30 March. Because of the large number of early season bergs which had been in the vicinity of Flemish Cap, it was desirable to have some information as to the current pattern off the northeastern shoulder of the Grand Banks and north of Flemish Cap. To include this area in the first survey it was necessary to omit the area south of the Tail of the Grand Banks. The southern limit of the surveyed area therefore was fixed at about 42° N. The work of collection of data began at the southern end of the survey on the m.orning of 1 April and progressed northward. The weather was more boisterous than usual and the succession of gales was more like what might be expected in March than April. The work of collec- tion of data was interrupted by weather for 4 hours on the 2d, 20 hours on the 4th, and 18 hours on the 7th and 8th. At the next to the last station three of the Nansen water bottles had to be taken to the laboratory to thaw out before the samples could be withdrawn. Similar conditions existed at the final station, but additional personnel were assigned to speed up the work of withdrawing the water samples from the Nansen bottles as they arrived on deck before they had time to freeze. The work of collection of data was completed on the morning of 15 April, 93 stations having been occupied. A course was then laid for Argentia where the Evergreen arrived on the after- noon of 16 April. On the afternoon of 25 April, the Evergreen departed St. John's, Newfoundland, for the purpose of making a second current surve}", this time of the waters over and immediately seaward of the eastern and southern slopes of the Grand Banks from the latitude of Flemish Cap southward and extending just westward of the Tail of the Banks. 1 To be reprinted as Contribution N^o. "58 in the Collected Reprints of tlie Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 79 The work of collection of data began on the mornmo; of 26 April and progressed from north toward south. The first section had not been completed when it was necessary to heave to on account of weather at midnight on the first day. After 15)2 hours, oceanographic work was resumed. No other major interruptions occurred and the collec- tion of data was completed on the afternoon of 8 Alay. This survey was made up of 83 stations. The Evergreen then proceeded to a point about 100 miles southeasterly of the Tail of the Banks, where a carbo^^ of surface water was collected for use as a substandard of salinity during subsequent surve3's. A course was then laid for Ai'gentia where the Evergreen arrived on the morning of 10 May. The Evergreen departed Argentia on the morning of 28 May to begin a third survey. The planned survey had the same northern limit as the second survey but had a western boundary of 50°15' W., and extended fartlier seaward than usual in the hope of developing information as to the extent of the colder mixed-water salients which were known to exist south-southeastward of the Tail of the Banks and southward of Flemish Cap. The work of collection of data began at noon on 29 May and work progressed from south towards north. On 6 June the survey work was interrupted to intercept the U. S. C. G. Cutter Matagorda to effect the emergency transfer of two men for transportation to Boston. Work on the survey was resumed on the early morning of 7 June. It was not necessary to heave to on account of gales during this survey. No further interruptions occurred, and the work of collection was completed on the afternoon of 11 June, the survey including 90 stations. The Evergreen then proceeded to Argentia. arriving there on the afternoon of 12 June. A fourth survey was begun with the departure of the Evergreen from Ai'gentia on the morning of 21 June. This survey was intended to include the waters over and immediately seaward of the northern and northeastern slopes of the Grand Banks and the Flemish Cap area northward of about 46°50' N., and eastward to about 43°30' W. The work of collection of data began on the evening of 22 June at the offshore corner of the Bonavista triangle and progressed counter- clockwise around the triangle, after which a network was occupied working southeastward to the final station which was completed on the afternoon of 2 July. It was not necessary to heave to on account of gales at any time, nor were there any other interruptions during the survey. From the final station the Evergreen proceeded to a point about 75 miles southeastward of Flemish Cap, where a carboy of surface water was collected for subsequent use as a substandard of salinity. The Evergreen then proceeded to Boston, arriving there on the afternoon of 7 July. During this survey 95 stations were occupied. The Evergreen departed Boston on 15 July to begin the postseason cruise. En route to the first station, when off Trepassey Bay, New- foundland, an electrical fire in the main propulsion motor disabled 80 the Evergreen, which was then towed to Boston for repair. Upon completion of the repairs the Evergreen again departed Boston on 17 August and the work of collection of data began at the offshore corner of the Bonavista triangle on the evening of 21 August. Work pro- gressed in a counterclockwise direction around the triangle, and the last station of the triangle was completed on the afternoon of 24 Au- gust. From here the Evergreen proceeded to South Wolf Island, Labrador, and there, on the evening of 25 August, began a section across the Labrador Sea to Cape Farewell, Greenland. The final station of this section, and the initial station of a triangle southeast- ward of Cape Farewell, was completed on the late afternoon of 29 Au- gust. Work progressed in a clockwise direction around the Greenland triangle until the morning of 3 September, when increasing winds halted oceanographic work prior to the final approach to Cape Fare- well. The following morning, work was resumed after a delay of 23 hours and the final station of the Greenland triangle and of the cruise was completed on the late evening of 4 September. The Evergreen then proceeded toward Argentia, stopping briefly en route to collect a carboy of surface water for subsequent use as a substandard of salinity. Argentia was reached on the afternoon of 8 September and, after loading freight and replenishing, the Evergreen departed on the evening of 8 September for Woods Hole with arrival there on the evening of 12 September. Oceanographic equipment and person- nel were offloaded at the shore laboratory upon arrival to complete the field work for 1954. During the postseason cruise 28 stations were occupied in the Bonavista triangle, 24 stations made up the section across the Labrador Sea, and an additional 27 stations formed the Greenland triangle. Thus 79 stations were occupied during the post-season cruise. The oceanographic work was under the supervision of Oceanog- rapher Floyd M. Soule, who was assisted by LT John E. Murray. Other assistants in the observational work were Francis N. Brown, yeoman first class; Elwood C. Gray, aerographer's mate first class; Lewis M. Lawday, aerographer's mate second class; Hugh R. McCartney, Jr., aerographer's mate second class; Donald Zaclier, aerographer's mate third class; and, during the fourth survey, Verne W. Schuenke, boatswain's mate third class. Of the 440 stations occupied during season and post-season cruises, the 51 stations comprising the section across the Labrador Sea and the Greenland triangle were occupied from the surface to as near bottom as was practicable, and at the remaining 389 stations the observa- tions extended to a depth of about 1,500 meters where the depth of water permitted. As in previous years the intended depths of observa- tion, in meters, were 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 600, 800, 1,000, and thence by 500-meter intervals. The dynamic heights have been referred to the 1,000-decibar surface, except for the section 81 across the Labrador Sea and the Greenland triangle where the heights have been referred to the 1,500-decibar surface. In addition to the usual measurements of temperature and salinity, 617 samples were taken during the occupation of the South Wolf Island-Cape Farewell section and the Greenland triangle for ultimate determination of total phosphorus concentration. At 293 stations observations were made with black and white Secchi disks varying in time from April to September and in location from the Grand Banks region to the Greenland triangle with a variety of sky conditions and with the sun's altitude var^'ing from 71° to 2° below the horizon. Temperatures were measured with deep-sea reversing thermom- eters. Most of the protected thermometers used were of Richter and Wiese manufacture, but a small percentage were made by Negretti and Zambra, G. M. Manufacturing Co., and Kahl Scientific Instru- ment Corp. The depths of observation were based on unprotected thermometers made by Richter and Wiese and by Kahl. The thermometers were used in pairs and a program of intercomparison of protected thermometers was carried out by periodically changing the individual thermometers comprising the pairs. This permitted the identification of thermometers which were not functioning satis- factorily and w4iich needed some thermal and mechanical manipula- tion to restore them to normal performance. It also provided a meas- ure of the uncertainty of the temperature measurements. After eliminating constant corrections, these comparisons (2,994 in all) gave a probable difference between the corrected readings of a pair of thermometers of 0.011° C. Many of the thermometers had recent laboratory comparisons with thermometers tested by the National Bureau of Standards, and as in most cases the temperatures are means of the corrected readings of a pair of thermometers, it is considered that the observed temperatures listed in the table of oceanographic data have a probable error of about ±0.01° C. The pressure coefficients of the unprotected thermometers used in 1954 are possibly in error by about one-half percent. The sign of the error is such that the tabulated depths are too great. Further work on the problem of more accurately determining the pressure coef- ficient an unprotected thermometer will have under field conditions is in progress at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. As in previous years routine salinity measurements w^ere made with a Wenner salinity bridge. Prior to the beginning of the 1954 field work, the bridge was overhauled and cleaned and its calibration curve redetermined. The 1950 determination had given the expression: S^ 9891.881 _^ 200. 2+m ' 82 where S is salinity in parts per thousand and m is the X-dial reading of the bridge at balance. The similar expression determined in 1954 is: 200. 1+m Over the range of salinities encountered in the area (30.2 to 36.6°/oo) the difference between these two curves may be compensated for with negligible error by adjustment of the X-dial reading selected as corresponding to the salinity of the Copenhagen standard water used (batch PI 7). The Y-cell, which is filled with sea water simply to provide a bridge arm liaving thermal characteristics similar to those of the arm made up of the X-cell, undergoes a slow drift in its impedance as its contents is gradually concentrated through evaporation. It has been surmised that there also are erratic changes in its impedance as discrete drops of condensate return to the solution from the neck of the cell. The first change is evidenced by the slow change in the setting of the Y-dials necessary to bring the bridge onto the calibration curve during successive standardizations. As the range of adjustable im- pedance covered by the Y-dials has a finite limit, the evaporation from the Y-cell eventually reaches a point where the solution must be changed. In an attempt to remedy both the slow drift and the sup- posed erratic changes in the impedance of the Y-cell, a layer of oil about 1 mm. thick was placed on the surfaces of the solution in the cell and in the exhaust tube. No noticeable changes in the rate of drift resulted during the approximately 3-month period covered by the preliminary measurements ashore and the first two surveys. The oil layer was then increased in thickness to about 1 cm., with the result that the slow drift in impedance was very much reduced. During the routine measurements standardizations were made with water from an oil-sealed carboy of sea water, and at least twice during each run a sample of Copehnagen standard water of batch Pl7 was measured as an unknown. At the end of each survey these measure- ments of Copenhagen water were used to compute such corrections as had to be made to the salinities measured during the survey. For each of the four surveys and the postseason cruise, the indicated corrections did not exceed 0.005°/oo so no corrections have been made. These measurements of Copenhagen water indicate the salinity deter- minations were precise to about ±0.005°/oo. The accuracy is, of course, limited to that of the silver nitrate titrations involved in determining the calibration curve of the salinity bridge. The determinations of the total phosphorus concentration were carried out by personnel of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institu- tion, and the probable error is about ±10 percent. With only minor 83 modifications the methods and procedures were those reported by Harvey.^ Figm'es 15, 16, 18, and 19 show, in chronological order, the current charts resulting from the four surveys made during the season. Figure 15 shows that at the time of the first survey, although the dynamic heights in the lowest part of the area were about normal, the highs of 971.72 in the Atlantic Current and 971.18 on the Grand Banks were exceptionally high and indicated a very active circulation both in the Labrador Current along the eastern slope of the Grand Banks and in the margins of the Atlantic Current shown in the south- eastern part of the surveyed area. In the area south-southeastward of the Tail of the Banks, a pool of colder mixed water of undetermined extent was indicated beyond the southwestern limits of the survey. In the northeastern part of the survey there was a slow clockwise circulation arovnid Flemish Cap, with a diversion of some of the Lab- rador Current water northward of it. This pattern persisted through- out the season and was probably responsible for the early season drift of bergs to the vicinity of Flemish Cap. Comparison of figures 15 and 16 shows the extent to which the in- trusion of Atlantic Current water spread northward between the first and second surveys. In the second survey, water of Atlantic Current characteristics was found as far north as 45°20' N., and at single levels at stations 5411 and 5412 just north of 46° N. The Labrador Current along the eastern edge of the Grand Banks continued to feed the cold mixed-water pool which extended south of the southern limits of the survey. Labrador Current water did not extend west- ward of about 50°20' W., and warm salty water had reached to the Grand Banks at 43° N., westward of 50°15' W. This intrusion of water of the Gulf Stream w^as most in evidence at the section extend- ing southwestward from station 5468. Figure 17 shows the tem- perature distribution along this section. Figure 18, showing the results of the third survey, does not com- pletely enclose all of the cold mixed-water pool even though the survej^ was extended unusually far to the south. The probable southern hmit of berg drift was judged to be the 971.36-dynamic meter contour line, the course of which has been estimated in figure 18. Comparing figures 16 and 18 permits of following changes in pattern features common to both. The axis of the major valley in the southern part of the chart remained at about the 48th meridian. The branch valley which extended southwestward from the Tail of the Banks in the second survey moved southeastward, and in the third survey ex- tended southwestward from about 42° N., 49° W. The topography along the southeastern edge of the surveyed area straightened out and the minor salients between it and the valley, only hinted at in ^Harvey, H. W., "The estimation of phosphate and of total phosphorus in sea waters." Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc, vol. XXVII, pp. 337-359 (1948), Plymouth, Eng. 84 Figure 15. — Dynamic t()pograi)hy of the sea surface relative to the 1,000-decibar surface from data collected 1-15 April 1954. Oceanographic station positions are indicated and the station numbers given at turning points. 85 52° 51' Figure 16. — Dynamic topography of the sea surface relative to the 1,000-decibar surface from "data collected 26 April-8 May 1954. Oceanographic station positions are indicated and the station numl^ers given at turning points 86 figure 16, developed into interlocking high and low meanders in figure 18. One of these, developing westward along the 44th parallel, was accompanied by a greater eastward diversion of Labrador Cur- rent water in the lower dynamic heights northward of that latitude. The high meander, centered at 46° N., on the eastern edge of the second survey, developed westward and was centered at about 45°20' N., in the third survey. Figure 19, representing the dynamic topography found during the fourth survey, shows in greater detail the pattern of diversion of Labrador Current water eastward north of Flemish Cap and south- ward east of Flemish Cap. From the standpoint of berg mortality it is worthy of mention that in this survey the minimum temperatures in the cold core of the Labrador Current were uniformly about — 1.5° C at all sections over the slopes of the Grand Banks, but the minimum temperatures in the cold core of the water in the eddy around Flemish Cap were about 2.0° at the periphery and about 3.5° at the center. 2000 Figure 17. — Temperature distribution off southwestern slope of Grand Banks from data collected 7 Mav 1954. 342128 — 55- 87 52° 51° 49°|i ' ' '^^ 50° 49° 48° 47 Figure 18. — Dynamic topography of the sea surface relative to the 1,000-decibar surface from data collected 27 May-11 June 1954. Oceanographic station positions are indicated and the station numbers given at turning points. 88 89 Table 1.— SUMMARY OF VELOCITY SECTIONS ACROSS LABRADOR CURRENT OCCUPIED IN 1954 Section Volume transport Mean temperature Minimum observed temperature Heat transport 1954 Nor- mal Anom- aly 1954 Nor- mal Anom- aly 1954 Nor- mal Anom- aly 1954 Nor- mal Anom- aly 1st survey: H 3.90 3.16 3.73 5.28 3.64 2.87 4.37 0.26 2.45 2.19 4.52 0.65 2.80 0.89 1.72 3.44 2.90 3.36 0.45 2.84 7.84 0.89 0.61 1.09 0.80 1.33 1.68 0.82 5.35 1.56 2.04 1.81 2.42 0 .17 -0.16 1.68 1.97 2.45 1.89 1.26 1.63 2.39 -1.56 -1.51 -1.42 -1.16 -1.50 -1.44 -1.09 0.07 -1.59 -1.23 -0.63 -1.09 -1.73 -1.61 -1.25 -1.25 -1.49 -1.67 -1.65 -1.59 -1.58 3.46 1.92 4.05 4.25 4.84 4.83 3.58 1.38 3.81 4.47 8.17 1.57 0.49 -0.14 2.90 6.80 7.10 6.34 0.56 4.64 18.72 F i T 3.28 5.40 +0.45 -0.12 1.97 1.42 -0.88 -0.62 -1.43 -1.24 +0.01 +0.08 6.46 7.67 -2.4i U 2d survey: F -3.42 T U W 3d survey: F 3.58 4.78 4.12 -0.71 -0.41 -3.86 1.85 2.02 2.90 -0.17 -1.20 +2.45 -1.32 -1.15 -0. 55 -0.12 +0.06 +0.62 6.62 9.66 11.95 -i.79 -6.08 -10.57 T __- U W _. 4th survey: NW SW SE H 2.67 3.63 4.12 3.81 0.54 3.20 -0.48 +0.89 -3.47 -1.01 +0.35 -1.48 i.83 2.32 3.20 1.26 -0.19 1.81 +6.21 -0.51 -0.78 -1.09 +0.03 -0.13 -1.55 -1.24 -0.35 -1.66 -1.64 -1.55 +0.32 +0.61 -0.74 -0.07 +0.03 +0.30 4.89 8.42 13.18 4.80 -0.10 5.79 -0.42 -0.25 -11.61 -4.31 -0.04 -2.89 F Postseason: NW _._ SW SE_.._ South Wolf Island 4.55 0.80 3.58 4.73 -1.19 -0.35 -0.74 +3.11 1.73 0.62 2.36 2.49 +0.16 +0.64 -0.73 -0.10 -1.52 -1.66 -1.65 -1.48 -0.15 +0.01 +0.06 -0.10 7.87 0.50 8.45 12.30 -1.53 +0.06 -3.81 +6.42 More detailed stud}^ of the circulation in the upper 1,000 meters, with special reference to the Labrador Current, has been made in recent years through the examination of the volume of flow, mean temperature, and heat transport of that current across selected vertical sections. In 1954 this study included 21 occupations dis- tributed among 9 different sections. Sections T, U, and W are lo- cated as follows: T extending southeasterly from about 46°20' N., 49°00' W. ; U extending eastward from the Grand Banks at about 45° N. ; W extending southward from the Grand Banks at about 50° W. Rough approximations to normal seasonal variation rela- tionships have been developed for these three sections and were pub- lished in bulletin No. 36 of this series. Rough normal seasonal variation relationships for the sections NW, SW, and SE, comprising the sides of the Bonavista triangle, were published in bulletin No. 39 of this series. The results of the 1954 occupations of these sections have been compared with these seasonal normals. The South Wolf Island section has been occupied 17 times in as many different years from 1928 to 1954, most of the measurements having been made at about the same time of year. The results of the 1954 occupation of this section have been compared with average values. For the sec- tions F (between Flemish Cap and the Grand Banks) and H (between sec. F and the Bonavista triangle) there are insufficient data on which to base average values for comparison. Table 1 summarizes the results of the velocitv sections across the Labrador Current occupied 90 ill 1954 compared with normal or average values where available. In this table as well as in subsequent tables, figures and discussion, the units are as follows: volume of flow, 1 million cubic meters per second; mean temperature and minimum observed temperature, degrees C; heat transport, 1 milhon cubic meter degrees C per second. From table 1 it will be noted that, in spite of the considerable diversion of Labrador Current water eastward north of Flemish Cap, the volume transport past section T was above normal during the first survey and that past section U was nearly normal and the mean temperature was decidedly colder than normal. During the second survey the normal seasonal increase in volume of flow did not occur and the transport past sections T and U dropped below normal. As the Labrador Current was not rounding the Tail of the Banks to the westward, the transport past section W was small. The mean temperature at section T was nearly normal, but that at section U held its early season value so that it was more than a degree colder than normal. By the time of the tliird survey the transport past section T was still below normal, but at section U a slight increase instead of the seasonal decrease brought the volume well above normal. The mean temperature rose at each of these sections to bring that at section T above normal and leaving that at section U about a half degree below normal. The minimum temperatures, which had been close to normal at both sections during the first two surveys, rose to 0.3° and 0.6° above normal during the third survey. The interpretation of the tabulated values in table 1 and the surface topography shown in figures 15, 16, and 18 is that the larger volume transport at section U compared with section T represented con- tributions of waters from the northward west of section T during the first and second surveys and that during the third survey some of this additional volume transport was contributed by a closed cir- culation over the Grand Banks. Figure 20 shows the dynamic topography found during the post- season cruise at the Bonavista triangle. This is separated in point of time by about 2 months from the occupation of the triangle during the fourth survey. Also, its date in the latter part of August is later than the season of the year covered by the normal seasonal variation relationships given in bulletin No. 39. The normals with which it has been compared are therefore of doubtful applicability. Table 1 shows tlie volume transport as below normal past sections NW. and SE. and above normal past section SW. at the time of the fourth survey. The tabulated values are for the net transport past each of the sections. Usually the offshore corner of the triangle is close enough to the line of zero velocity between the Labrador Current and the northward flow oft'shore of it so that the net transport for the section is a good measure of the Labrador Current at the triangle. At the time of the fourth survey, however, the offshore corner was well into 91 the northbound current, and in fact included about 1.0 milhon cubic meters per second of northward-moving water. Tlie tabulated transport values should therefore be increased by about 1.0 for both sections NW. and SE. to obtain the transport of the Labrador Current for the fourth survey. Thus the transport was about normal at these sections and about 0.4 above normal at section SW. The proportion of the total Labrador Current following the eastern branch was 78 percent, which is below normal for this time of year. At the time of the postseason cruise the volume transport had dropped to values even smaller than the supposed normals for the time of year. Although the proportion of the total Labrador Current flowing in the eastern branch normally decreases seasonally, it increased in 1954 Figure 20. — Dynamic topography of the sea .surface relative to the 1,000-deci- bar surface from data collected 21-24 August 1954. Oceanographic station positions are indicated and the station numbers given at turning points. 92 and was 86 percent at the time of the postseason cruise instead of the supposed normal of 81 percent. As figure 20 indicates, there also was some northward-flowing water inside the offshore corner of the Bona- vista triangle during the postseason cruise. The volume transport of the Labrador Current past the triangle was therefore somewhat larger than tabulated for the postseason cruise, but the difference was much smaller than for the fourth survey. It has been neglected here and is not of the same order of magnitude as the difference between the volume transport at the triangle and that of the Labrador Current oft' South Wolf Island only 3 daj^s later. The circulation deduced from table 1 has been shown schematically in figure 21. In this figure the volume transports have been rounded off and adjusted in the Bonavista and Greenland triangles on the assumption that there was no appreciable vertical transport past the reference surfaces. Further reference will be made to this figure after consideration of the sections occupied in the Greenland area during the postseason cruise. It was pointed out in bulletin No. 39 of this series that more often than not the minimum observed temperature was colder at the Bonavista triangle than at the South Wolf Island section. This was true again in 1954 when the minimum observed temperature at the triangle was —1.67° C with a corresponding salinity of 33.15°/oo, whereas the minimum observed temperature off South Wolf Island was —1.58° C with a corresponding salinity of 32.85°/oo. Com- parable average values for the 7 years during which observations have been made are -1.65° C, 33.14°/oo, -1.53° C, and 32.8r/oo. Since 1949 the volume transport of the Labrador Current at the South Wolf Island section has been greater than average with the transport in 1954 exceeding any of the other 16 years. Since 1950 its mean temperature has been consistently above average until 1954, when it dropped to 0.1° below average. The heat transport in 1954 is conse- quently a high value, exceeded only by that in 1933, when a large volume transport was accompanied by a high mean temperature. Labrador Current water and Atlantic Current water present in the Grand Banks region have been found to have characteristic tempera- ture-salinity relationships identifying them as water masses. Usually also the mixed water formed from these parent water masses has a sufficiently uniform proportion of the parent water masses so that it can be regarded as a virtual water mass. The first three surveys of the 1954 season were examined for T-S relationships. The fourth survey was omitted as being located outside the area which has been the source of the T-S data considered in the past. Figure 22 shows the relationships found in 1954, as solid lines, in comparison with the averages for the 8-year period 1934-41, shown in broken lines. In general, all three water masses were lighter than the prewar average. The differences were least in the Labrador Current water and here 93 Figure 21. — Schematic representation of circulation deduced from sections occupied during 1954. Numerals indicate volume transport in units of cu. m/sec. X 10^ 94 TEMPERATURE "C lO Tj- ro a; T1 4:3 O -(J ^ 0) *^^ Tl OJ ^ 3 ^-i 0 S-i 0 qj e3 03 ii 2 n^ ;/! -a QJ (^ xi .32 s tT 3 GJ oS O ^^ s ^^ £-* , ^ -^ "*^ s H^ T3 --I Sh [/3 K "s o.S :§|1 ^ t» ?*. m "t? ;5 '""^ o3 .^ aj i O oj "S ■ ^ ?3 r- O ^ ^ lU 9^ 2 a — bc a, S « 03 H ^ ^ I -^"^ 95 (except for the 200-meter level) lower salinities were largely compen- sated for by lower temperatures. In the mixed water the principal difference is in the salinity which was less than the 8-year average in 1954. The shape of the characteristic curve for Atlantic Current water was materially different in 1954 from that of the 8-year average. The bulge toward lower salinity at a temperature of about 6° was markedly less. This is probably because more of the 1954 stations were farther into the Atlantic Current than is usual and the bulge is a feature of the outer margins of this current in the Grand Banks sector. The lower densities were the result of higher temperature, with the temperature effect outweighing the effect of higher than aver- age salinities down to about 1,000 meters. Below 1,000 meters in the Atlantic Current the salinities found in 1954 were about average. The second and third surveys each contained a number of stations where the water was atypical and irregularly intermediate between Atlantic Current water and mixed water. In the second survey the warm water thrust toward the southwestern edge of the Grand Banks was made up of these stations. The third survey had these stations UJ > < UJ o z UJ (C Z o 0 3 tl 0.2 UJ ^•- u. z - 0.1 I 0 V) « -0.1 o in -02 2 -0.3 < o = -0.4 a: UJ CD -0.5 -0.6 y — -, ( \ / / / N / / / / < ^ / \ / \ ( 0> o in Figure 23.— Fluctuations in the activity of the North Atlantic eddy during the years 1947-54 as indicated by the changes in the difference in sea level Bermuda minus Charleston. 96 distributed downstream between the mixed water and the Atlantic Current water. The position of the cold wall is an important factor in determining the southern limits of berg-infested waters in the vicinity of the Grand Banks. Its fluctuations have been studied and reported on in earlier bulletins of this series. As it is not necessarily a vertical boundary, the boundary selected for study is the horizontal projection of the line along which a temperature of 6° corresponds to a salinity of 34.95%o. The position of this boundary has been described numerically by the area between it and fixed rhumb lines northwestward of it (the 45th parallel, the 49th meridian from 45° N., to 43° N., and a line from 43° N., 49° W., through 42° N., 47° W.). Thus, as the boundary moves toward the Grand Banks, the area decreases. It was con- sidered that the position taken up by the boundary was determined partly by forces associated with the North Atlantic eddy and partly by forces associated with the Labrador Current. An assumption was made that the area would be increased by 10,000 square kilometers for each million cubic meters per second volume transport of the I^abrador Current entering the area past section U. After subtracting ^uch an amount from the area to obtain an adjusted area. A, this adjusted area was considered as representing the effects of causes associated with the Gulf Stream system. A further assumption was made that these causes w^ere related to the difference in sea level be- tween Bermuda and Charleston, S. C, and hence that fluctuations in A would be related to fluctuations in this sea-level difference. With sea level at Charleston minus the departure from average sea level at Bermuda, in feet, designated as H, and A in units of 10,000 square kilometers with a time lag of 13}2 months, 27 survej^s made during the ice patrol seasons 1934-41 gave the expression A=6.8 (//-5.07) + 1.34. Following the interruption of World War II, surveys were resumed in 1948. The postwar surveys have not agreed with the above relation- ship but followed a similar relationship if 1 1 K months was used as the time lag instead of 13K months. Ten surveys made during the period 1948-52 were combined with the 27 prewar surveys, using 11^ months for the postwar time lag, to derive the expression ^=6.97 (i?-5.07)4-1.67. Two further surveys made in 1953 did not fit either of the above ex- pressions, and examination of the fluctuations in sea level indicated that the tune lag might have been either UK or 13K months. Three surveys made in 1954 indicated the IIK month time lag was still applicable and the actual values of A were —0.03, 1.31, and 3.35 97 compared with values computed witli the 1952 expression of 0.83, 0.07, and 2.65. The quantity H involves the sea level at Charleston and the de- parture from average sea level at Bermuda. Average sea level at Charleston enters the constant 5.07. Part of the difficulty in obtaining a good correlation in the postwar years is believed to be the changes in relative sea level which have taken place at both stations. The aver- age sea level at Charleston for the 8-year period 1947-54 is 0.27 foot higher than during the prewar 8-year period 1933-40, and the postwar average sea level at Bermuda is 0.10 foot higher than that for the prewar period. Another possible difficulty is the exceptionally large variation in difference in sea level at these stations during the postwar period. Figure 23 shows the fluctuations in annual average values of the difference in sea level Bermuda minus Charleston. If this is taken as a measure of the activity of the North Atlantic eddy and if the total difference in sea level is inferred from density distribution, the range of 0.8 foot shown in figure 23 represents a fluctuation of about 30 percent. It is possible that the simple expressions given above may represent the relationship between the sea-level difference, the strength of the Labrador Current and the position of the cold wall in the Grand Baidvs region adequately for small changes, but become inadequate when major changes in the driving forces require the establishment of large compensating circulation patterns. Figure 24 shows the dynamic topography of the sea surface relative to the 1,500-dicibar surface from the observations made during the 1954 postseason cruise along the section acrosss the Labrador Sea and the Greenland triangle. The temperature and salinity distribution along these four sections are shown in figures 25 to 32. In figure 25 it will be noted that the temperature minimum in the Labrador Current over the shelf has only a small cross section colder than — 1.5°. The temperature maximum reaching bottom at intermediate depths along the continental shelf is defined bv the 3.5° isotherms and contains observed temperatures up to 3.79°. The temperature minimum at intermediate depths in the central part of the section is indicated by the area enclosed in the 3.2° isotherm. Although the area thus enclosed is small, the temperature of the minimum is close to that of the colder years 1934-39 and 1950 when the minimum was about 3.17°. During the other 7 years for which data are available (1940-41, 1948-49, and 1951-53), the minimum was about 0.10° to 0.15° warmer. The temperature maximum below this minimum was for the most part less than 3.3°. At the Greenland end of the section the warm water of the West Greenland Current had about the same cross-sectional area with water warmer than 4° as was found in 1953, but the areas enclosed by the 5° and 6° isotherms was greater in 1954. 98 99 oozs S- 6699 S- 8699 1: ^699" 96992- 9699^ ^699 £699 pj 3699 S-l 0699 o 8 CVJ Hldaa SH313N M 100 The surface topography shown in figure 24 indicates a simpler pattern in the Labrador Sea than that found in 1952 and 1953, when the extreme outer margins of the North Atlantic eddy reached north- westward as far as this section. The contribution of offshore water of the Labrador Current to the offshore part of the West Greenland Current between stations 5708 and 5709 may not be as direct as indicated in figure 24. The higher temperatures of this water in the o lO 34.46 m o r- in 3444 O »f) 3437 o m 34.46 CO 0> O — OJ ro O O— in «o If) if>if> »o 34.64 34.8534.78 3395 3Z93 GREENLAND K— 50MI.— H 3500- FiGURE 26. — Salinity distribution southwest of Cape Farewell, Greenland, 27-29 August 1954. 101 West Greenland Current suggests that the Labrador Current water has been mixed with some North Atlantic Current water in its journey northeastward although this may be the result of seasonal warming. Below the surface in the West Greenland Current the salinit}^ reached a maximum of 35.00°/oo, with a small cross-sectional area of greater than 34.95°/oo as shown in figure 26. While this is a decided increase over 1953 when the maximum found was 34.925°/oo, it is still short of the 35.04°/oo found consistently during the prewar years. The volume transport of the West Greenland Current past this section was found to be 8.95, with a mean temperature of 4.95° and a heat transport of 44.33. On the basis of constant mean temperatures nj21 ^ ii; i^ _ CM (NJ CVJ OJ CVJ M>- r>~N-r^r^r^ t^ h- r^ n. in«n loioiomio to m lo lo 1.921.90 2.153.16 8.098.709.53 9.65 IQII 10.22 9.48 in (M m 10.36 500- 000- X tl500H UJ 12000 2500 3000- ^^'3.49 -".3.50 •3.58 / I 3.5 -3.49 / 1-3.5 1 \ •3.46 • 3.63 •3.54 3.54 354 GREENLAND 1^-50 M 1.—^ Figure 27. — Temperature distribution east of Cape Farewell, Greenland, 29-31 August 1954, 102 of 3.2° for the East Greenland Current component and 5.5° for the Inninger Current component, the observed volume transport breaks down into 2.1.3 and 6.82, respectively, for these components, compared with seasonal normal volume transports for these components of 0.09 and 4.42. On this basis then, each of the components were about 2 above normal in volume w^ith a resulting heat transport 24.60 above normal. In view of the low salinity maximum it is quite possible that more of the West Greenland Current past this section approaches from the south than the 0.1 estimate shown in figure 21. In examining the complete South Wolf Island-Cape Farewell section for volume of flow it was found that, if the velocities are referred to ro^ in to 00 o^ O — OJ OJ mm m m m m m m 32.93 32.67 33.98 34863486 34.71 34.73 OJ to 1^ oo 0> o OJ CVJ CM > / \ 354 / .349 \^ ^y .1.^9 -3.45 : ': ^__- — •3.62 ^"'."^N 365 / 3.40 ^, / \ ■«" /' ■3.42 \.'" / •3.61 / 3.49 / -3.44 / y - 3-3^ -3.35 •3.42 •3.35 3.46 •3.36 3.40 •3.41 y . > t y 3.37 •336 .333 .121. -3.10 ~ -3 3 •3.17 ^y'' .3'" 2""' 3.04 •3.11 Z.Qb,.^^ ~~-2.5-.^ 251 2.28 "<:' ^^.^___ ____^^-^ J .2.84 .281 .2.81 /^ ss-sg'N ^^^- ^^ .2.64 a68j^/ ^ ""'■" _50 MI.-H 40''0l'W Figure 29. — Temperature distribution along offshore leg of Greenland triangle 31 August-2 September 1954. 104 contributions through the northern openings by the net northwesterly volume transport across this section. The value of 1.46 is larger than the errors of the methods used, and reference to the density distribu- tion along the section indicates the 1,500-decibar surface was probably close to being the most nearly motionless at the time of the observa- tions. The conclusion reached is that either the contributions through the northern openings were smaller or the sinking and outflow in the deep water was greater than usual or both. lO CJ in 34.65 >34.9 •.95 •95 •93 O to in 3461 .94 56* 24' N 40"'0rW Figure 30. — Salinity distribution along offshore leg of Greenland triangle 31 August-2 September 1954. 105 Velocity profiles have been examined for each of the three sides of the Greenland triangle, and the resulting volume transports for the north, southeast, and southwest sides were 10.49, 0.47, and 8.99, respectively. As these figures indicate about 10 percent greater volume transport into the triangle than that leaving it, the computed volumes have been adjusted to equality for representation in figure 21. The mean temperatures for the sections, in the same order, were 5.37, 5.62, and 5.15, resulting in heat transports of 56.28, 2.65, and 46.25, respectively. As the point of beginning and ending was at the shallow corner of the triangle, it is difficult to make any straight- o (j> (^ CO in ^ ro ro to ro fs. r^ h- r- 1^ If) if) lo in If) 2.50 2.20 8.35 771 ro in 8.52 to lO in 8.57 CVI ro in 10.20 — O to ro r- r^ in in 10.79 11.41 Figure 31. — Temperature distribution southeast of Cape Farewell, Greenland, 2-4 September 1954. 106 forward allowance for time changes wliich no doubt resulted from the gale which occurred between the occupation of stations 5734 and 5735. The loss of volume southward, both inside the triangle and between the triangle and the section across the Labrador Sea, is in accord with the reports of exceptional numbers of bergs south-southeastward of Cape Farewell. As suggested above, perhaps even more than the estimated 0.6 moved southward and eastward south of the tiiangle. In considering the temperature sections forming the three sides of the triangle (figs. 27, 29, and 31), it will be noted that the temperature structure in the vicinity of Cape Farewell is markedly different in O f^ 0)10 'ij- to ^ ro ro ro to rO ro is» 1^ (^ h- r^ t^ h- in if> If) IT) If) lO If) 31.39 32.5033.18 34.85 34.88 34.73 34.62 OJ o to ro ro r- r^ N- if> If) in 3460 34,63 34.61 500 1000 511500 UJ o liJ u2000 2500 3000- GREENLAND K— 50 Ml. Figure 32. — Salinity distribution southea.st of Cape Farewell, Greenland, 2-4 September 1954. 107 figures 27 and 31. In these two seetions the deep water with tempera- tures of k^ss than 3.2° is recognizably similar. Above this the inter- mediate water has but slight gradients between temperatures of 3.2° and 3.5°. In figure 31 there appears a poorly developed temperature minimum, with temperatures of between 3.25 and 3.3, which is similar to that found in the section across the Labrador Sea and it is probable that it is related to the Labrador Sea minimum in its formation. In the northern side of the triangle (fig. 27) such a minimum is hinted at, but the temperatures here are about 0.1° higher. Figures 28, 30, and 32, showing the salinity distribution along the three sides of the triangle, all show a minimum with salinities of less than 34.90%o in the intermediate water with an underlying maximum greater than 34.90°/oo in the deep water. In figures 28 and 32 this maximum is connected along the continental slope with the maximum associated with the Irminger Current. Here the highest observed salinities were 35.055 and 35.04%o in the north and southwest sections, respectively. These are of the magnitude found in the section extending southwest from Cape Farewell in the prewar years and not found there since 1949. In the hope that the concentration of total phosphorus might be useful as a water-mass tracer in the vicinity of southern Greenland, samples were taken from all levels at most of the stations during the May survey of the Grand Banks region in 1952 and characteristic phosphorus-density curves were derived from this survey for each of the three water masses (Labrador Current water, mixed water, and Atlantic Current water) present in that region. Samples were also taken from all levels at all stations comprising the South Wolf Island- Cape Farewell section in July 1952 and July 1953. The results of these observations have been reported in bulletin No. 39 of this series. In 1954 similar sampling was carried out during the occupation of the South Wolf Island-Cape Farewell section and the Greenland triangle. The results of the 1954 phosphorus determinations are tabulated at the end of the usual table of oceanographic data, and the phosphorus distribution has been shown graphically in figures 33 to 36. In each of these figures isentropic surfaces of equal potential density ^ have been shown as solid lines. In the South Wolf Island-Cape Farewell section (fig. 33), the phosphorus concentration shows very little variation at depths greater than 50 meters. There is a slight maxi- mum at intermediate depths along the outer part of the I^abrador Current and a somewhat greater maximum similarly located along the offshore part of the West Greenland Current. Elsewhere the range is for the most part between 1.1 and 1.3 microgram-atoms per liter. Some slight instabihties are present and the course of the 1.2 3 (Tt,, where >$ is the temperature a water particle would have if its pressure were reduced adiabatically to atmospheric pressure, and where sn is 1,000 (density —1) at atmospheric pressure and temperature le. 108 £699 3695 1695 HJ.d3a Sa3i3W 109 phosphorus Hne seems to show a correspondence with the distortions of the density pattern. Figure 34 shows a more compHcated pattern with higher phosphorus concentrations and in the intermediate water a split maximum with values in excess of 1.5iJLga/L. As in figure 33 the phosphorus concen- tration decreases toward the bottom. In figures 35 and 36 the south- ern corner of the triangle is seen to be in a phosphorus maximum, while figure 36 shows a slight maximum at intermediate depths at about station 5735 and another farther inshore at station 5738. When individual station curves were drawn with total phosphorus concentration plotted against potential density, those in the Labrador — — — — _ CM CVJ »o«f) m in mio in in m 0.99 095 1.03 0.92 1.00 1.09 0.78 090 CVI rO 'i- in OJ CM CM CM r^ r- h- h- in in in m 0.70 1.03 0.74 500 1000 Q.I500 UJ o to ^2000 u 2500 3000- GREENLAND K— 50 M I.— H Figure 34. — Distribution of total phosphorus east of Cape Farewell, Greenland, 29-31 August 1954. Concentration is given in microgram-atoms per liter. Solid lines show isentropic surfaces of equal iiamic height 971.009 0 1.34 33.17 0 1.34 33. 17 26.58 25 0.46 33.12 25 0.46 33.12 26.59 50 2.73 33.45 50 2.73 33.45 26.70 76 1.37 33.58 75 1.35 33.58 26.90 101 8.32 34.74 100-... 8.30 34.74 27.04 150 1.19 33.96 150--.- 1.20 33.96 27.22 200 2.11 34.28 200-.-- 2.10 34.28 27.40 301 5.10 34.86 300--.- 5.10 34.86 27.57 378 4.24 34.78 400-.-. 4.25 34.79 27.61 565 4.46 34. 975 600.--. 4.40 34.97 27.74 752 3.97 34.93 800---- 3.85 34.92 27.76 943 3.68 34. 89 1,000-- 3.65 34.90 27.76 1,428--- 3.46 34.89 Station 5453; May 4; latitude 43°12' N., longitude 48°50' W.; depth 2,360 m.; dynamic height 970.947 0 1.88 33.10 0 1.88 33. 10 26 1.61 33.11 25 1.65 33.11 51 0.82 33.38 50 0.85 33, 37, 77- 1.55 33.96 75 1.55 33.91; 103 1.69 34,16 100---- 1.65 34.14 153 2.49 34.45 150-..- 2.50 34. 43 205 2.71 34.57 200--.. 2.65 34.56 308 4.22 34.80 300--.- 4.20 34.78 413 4.26 34.92 : 400-... 4.25 34.91 613 3.96 34.91 600---- 4.00 34.91 808 3.58 34.87 800-..- 3.60 34.87 1,011--- 3.48 34.895 1,000-- 3.50 34.89 1,520--- 3.39 34.90 26.48 26.50 26.77 27.15 27.33 27.49 27,59 27.61 27.71 27.74 27.75 27.77 132 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1954— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity. °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, /oo Station 5454; May 5; latitude 42°50.5' N., longitude 49°02' W.; depth 2,260 m.; dynamic height 970.968 0 3.40 33.07 0 3.40 33.07 26.33 25 3.54 33.39 25 3.54 33.39 26.57 50 34.81 33.98 50 75 9.65 2.93 34.81 33.98 26.88 75 2.93 27.09 100 1.00 33.87 100.--- 1.00 33.87 27.16 149 6.57 34.80 150... 6.55 34.80 27.34 199 6.13 34.93 200---. 6.10 34.93 27.50 299 4.20 34.81 300--.. 4.15 34.81 27.64 362 3.75 34.81 400.... 3.75 34.82 27.69 538 3.72 34.88 600... 3.70 34.88 27.74 712 3.58 34.88 (800).. 3.55 34.88 27.75 903 3.49 (1,000)- 3.50 34.88 27.76 1,400--- 3.39 Station 5455; May 5; latitude 42°25' N., longitude 48°24' W.; depth 3,365 m.; dynamic height 971.094 0-- 5.46 33.34 0 5.46 33.34 26.33 25 5.46 33.44 25 5.46 33.44 26.41 51 - 8.09 34.19 50 7.90 34.17 26.66 76 11.40 35.11 75 11.40 35.11 26.81 103 7.74 34.58 100--.. 8.25 34.64 26.97 153 4.13 34.17 150-.. . 4.25 34.19 27.13 204 5.98 34.56 200---- 5.90 34.55 27.23 307 1.78 34.16 300...- 1.90 34.18 27.34 403 5.14 34.73 400-... 5.10 34.72 27.47 605 3.44 34.76 600-.-. 3.45 34.76 27.67 808 4.35 34.97 800---- 4.35 34,97 27.75 1,011.-. 4.00 34.95 1,000.. 4.00 34.95 27.77 1,519... 3.58 34.93 Station 5456; May 5; latitude 41°59' N., longitude 47°51' W.; depth 3,749 m.; dynamic height 970.990 0 25.... 50..-. 75--.. 99.... 149... 199... 298--- 400-.- 595-.- 788.-- 985... 1, 479. 5.47 33.24 0 5.47 33.24 4.78 33.26 25 4.78 33.26 3.65 33.48 50 3.65 33.48 2.73 33.88 75 2.73 33.88 2.84 34.16 100-.-- 2.85 34.16 4.09 34.54 150 4.05 34.54 3.83 34.58 200---. 3.85 34.58 4.58 34.82 300.... 4.60 34.82 4.80 34.94 400-.-. 4.80 34.94 3.83 34.88 600-.-- 3.85 34.88 3.73 34.90 800---- 3.75 34.90 3.83 34.93 1,000-. 3.80 34.93 3.59 34.93 26.24 26.34 26.63 27.03 27.25 27.43 27.48 27.60 27.67 27.72 27.75 27.77 Station 5457; May 5; latitude 41°35' N., longitude 47°16' W.; depth 4,024 m.; dynamic height 971.103 0--.- 27... 53... 80... 106- . 160- . 213- . 319.- 435-- 621- - 804 -- 994.- 1,466 6.32 33.30 0 6.32 33.30 4.21 33.30 25 4.35 33.30 9.03 34.23 50 8.35 34.13 11.49 35.00 75 11.15 34.85 12.31 35.33 100..-- 12.20 35.27 7.09 34.43 150-.. . 7.90 34.58 9.80 35.21 200-... 9.20 35.02 5.56 34.75 300-.. . 6.30 34.82 3.23 34.62 400.... 3.70 34.64 4.51 34.96 600-... 4.45 34.93 4.23 34.97 800--.. 4.20 34.97 4.02 34.96 1,000.. 4.00 34.96 3.64 34.94 26.19 26.41 26.55 26.65 26.78 26.98 27.12 27.39 27.55 27.70 27.77 27.78 Station 5458; May 6; latitude 40°58' N., longitude 48°21' W.; depth 3,475 m.; dynamic height 971.001 0 3.11 33.07 0 3.11 33.07 26.36 23 2.10 33.14 25 2.05 33.16 26. 52 47 1.89 33.54 50 1.90 33.58 26.87 70 3.21 33.85 75 3.60 33.91 26.98 93 4.91 34.14 100-.-- 4.75 34.15 27.05 140 3.38 34.26 150..-- 3.25 34.30 27.32 187 3.17 34.52 200---- 3.25 34.55 27.52 280 4.21 34.70 300.--- 4.50 34.75 27.55 405 5.69 35.04 400---- 5.65 35.03 27.64 609 4.65 34.99 800... 4 70 34 99 27.72 814 3.96 34.91 800---. 4.00 34.91 27.74 1,012... 3.70 34.91 1,000-- 3.70 34.91 27.77 1,542--- 3.43 34.90 Station 5459; May 6; latitude 41°25.5' N., longitude 48°55' W., depth 3,146 m.; dynamic height 971.151 0 5.52 33.32 0 5.52 33.32 26.30 24 5.36 33.36 25 5.35 33.37 26.36 48 7.11 33.94 50 7.40 34.03 26.62 72 11.92 35.12 75 11.90 35. 12 26.72 96 11.64 35.12 100---- 11.20 35.10 26.84 144 6.54 34.37 150---- 6.60 34.40 27.02 193 8.60 34.82 200-.-- 8.50 34.81 27.07 289 6.37 34.66 300---- 6.05 34.62 27.27 338 4.80 34.50 400.--- 5.05 34.66 27.42 502 5.47 34.91 600--.- 5.40 35.02 27.67 662 5.23 35.04 800---- 4.30 34.94 27. 72 835 4.16 34.93 1,000.. 3.95 34.93 27.75 1,283... 3.73 34.93 Station 5460; May 6; latitude 41°52' N., longitude 49°25' W.; depth 3,109 m.; dynamic height 971.251 0 14.21 35.69 0 14.21 35.69 26.69 26 14.20 35.72 25 14.20 35.72 26.72 50 14.21 35.72 50 14.20 35.72 26.72 76 14.21 35.73 75 14.20 35.72 26.72 100 14.20 35.72 100.--- 14.20 35.72 26.72 152 14.25 35.73 150-... 14.25 35.73 26.71 202 14.25 35.73 200---. 14.25 35.73 26.71 302 11.67 35.51 300.--. 11.80 35.52 27.05 381 9.81 35.26 400---- 9.35 35.21 27.24 564 6.24 35.03 600---- 5.85 35. 02 27.61 743 4.83 35.00 800---- 4.60 34.99 27.73 941 4.24 34.96 1,000.. 4.20 34.95 27.75 1,452... 3.61 34.91 Station 5461; May 6; latitude 41°00.5' N., longitude 50°12' W.; depth 3,530 m.; dynamic height 971.741 26.12 26.15 26.28 26.35 26.37 26.39 26.42 26.48 26.63 26.92 27.32 27.63 0 19.21 36.48 0- 19.21 36.48 25 19.23 36.53 25 19.23 36.53 49 18.53 36.46 50 18.50 36.46 74 18.21 36.45 75 18.20 36.45 99 18.17 36.46 100.... 18.15 36.46 149 18.04 36.45 150-..- 18.05 36.45 198 17.98 36.45 200--.. 17.95 36.45 297 17.62 36.42 300.... 17.55 36.41 389 16.12 36.13 400...- 15.95 36.11 592 13.23 35.70 600--.- 13.05 35.68 801 8.52 35.14 800-.-. 8.50 35.14 1,001 ... 5.16 34.94 1,000-. 5.15 34.94 1,504... 3.91 34.94 133 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1954— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity /oo Scaled values Tern- Depth, I pera- meters | ture, C. Salin- ity, /oo Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, /oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 5462: May 6; latitude 41°31.5' N., longitude 50°13' W.; depth 3,841 m.; djniamic height 971.355 0 16.61 35.94 0 16.61 35.94 26.34 24 16.39 35.89 25 16.40 35.88 26.34 48- 15.06 35.62 50 15.00 35.61 26.47 72 14.18 35.40 75 14.20 35.40 26.47 95 14.25 35.46 100-.-. 14.20 35.47 26.53 144 13.94 35.51 150---- 13.90 35.51 26.62 191 13.58 35.51 200---- 13.45 35.51 26.72 286 12.26 35.53 300.--- 12.05 35.51 27.00 440 9.62 35.24 400.-.- 10.30 35.31 27.16 653 6.50 35.02 600.... 7.10 35.04 27.45 862 5,04 35.01 800...- 5.35 35.01 27.66 1,078-.- 4.43 34.98 1,000-- 4.60 34.99 27.73 1,615... 3.81 34.96 Station 5463; May 7: latitude 42°02' N., longitude 50°19' W.; depth 3,566 m.; dynamic height 971.272 0 27 53 81 107..- 161-.- 215.... 322 416 620..-- 822.... 1,027.. 1,535.. 13.99 35.54 0 13.99 35.54 14.06 35.55 25 14.05 35.55 14.09 35.56 50 14.10 35.56 14.14 35.61 75 14.10 35.60 14.28 35.66 100...- 14.20 35.64 14.72 35.84 150---. 14.65 35.81 14.03 35.70 200---- 14.25 35.75 11.06 35.40 300..-- 11.65 35.46 8.92 35.14 400.... 9.20 35.18 5.60 34.96 600---. 5.80 34.97 4.39 34.92 800.... 4.45 34.92 4.23 34.96 1,000.- 4.25 34.96 3.64 34.92 26.62 26.62 26.62 26.65 26.66 26.69 26.73 27.03 27.24 27.58 27.70 27.75 Station 5464; Mav 7; latitude 42°25' N., longitude 50°20' W.; depth 2,469 m.; djTiamic height 971.128 0 24 50 74 100..- 149.... 198.... 298.-.- 397..- 594..-. 791..- 989.... 1,485.. 3.13 3.36 9.17 11.37 12.36 11.44 10.02 8.44 6.55 3.55 3.60 3.79 3.43 32.96 33.05 34.31 34.95 35.36 35.40 35.20 35.10 34.97 34.77 34.85 34.92 34.89 0 3.13 32.96 25 3.40 33.10 50 9.20 34.31 75 11.40 34.96 100.... 12.35 35.36 150.... 11.40 35.40 200.... 9.95 35.19 300-.-- 8.40 35.10 400..-- 6.50 34.96 600--.. 3.55 34.77 800---- 3.60 34.86 1,000-- 3.80 34.92 26.27 26.35 26.57 26.69 26.82 27.03 27.13 27.31 27.48 27.67 27.74 27.77 Station 5465; May 7; latitude 42°45' N., longitude 50°22' W.; depth 1,024 m.; dynamic height 971.073 0 - 1.95 32.97 0 1.95 32.97 25 -0.21 32.97 25 -0.21 32.97 60 -0.75 33.03 50 -0.75 33.03 76 0.38 33.41 75 0.35 33.40 101 3.39 33.98 100--.. 3.30 33.98! 151 4.41 34.17 150.... 4.40 34.16 202 6.58 34.64 200.-.. 6.55 34.62 303 6.90 300.... 6.90 34.95 404 3.25 34.64 400.... 3.35 34.65 601 3.64 34.81 600.... 3.65 34.81 795 3.66 34.84 800.... 3.65 34.84 993 3.57 34.88 1,000.. 3.55 34.88 26.37 26.50 26.57 26.82 27.06 27.10 27.20 27.41 27.59 27.69 27.71 27.75 Station 5466; May 7; latitude 42° 48.5' N., longitude 50°22' W.; depth 338 m.; dynamic height 971.052 0 5.02 23 3.62 46 70 93 7.65 139 6.48 185 7.08 278 5.17 33.02 33.00 34.93 35.28 34.50 34.50 34.69 34.87 0.... 25... 50-.. 75-- 100.. 150- . 200- . (300) 5.02 3.55 12.45 11.40 7.35 6.60 6.80 4.80 33.02 33.05 35.04 35.10 34.50 34.54 34.73 34.89 26.12 26.30 26.55 26.80 27.00 27.13 27.25 27.63 Station 5467; May 7; latitude 43°01'N., longitude 50°20' W.; depth 93 m.; dynamic height 971.075 0- 25 51 76. 4.43 32.84 4.20 32.86 3. 63| 33. 12 0.071 33.22 0. 25 50. 75. 4.43 4.20 3.65 0.25 32.84 32.86 33.12 33.22 26.05 26.09 26.34 26.68 Station 5468; Mav 7; latitude 43°17' N"., longitude 50°16' W.; depth 68 m.; dynamic height 971.079 0 2.67 32.78 0 2.67 32.78 26.16 26 2.41 32.81 25 2.45 32.81 26.21 53 1.82 32.80 50 1.90 32.80 26.25 Station 5469; May 7; latitude 43°02.5' N., longitude 50°35' W.; depth 93 m.; dynamic height 971.067 0 4.71 32.91 0 4.71 32.91 26.07 25 3.46 32.92 25 3.46 32.92 26.21 51 7.78 34.06 50 7.70 34.02 26.57 76 *10. 24 34.83 75 10.20 34.82 26.80 Station 5470; May 7; latitude 42°58' N., longitude 50°40' W.; depth 176 m.; dynamic height 971.086 0 4.67 32.70 0...... 4.67 32.70 25.91 26 5.16 33.03 25 5.15 33.15 26.11 51 7.77 33.87 50 7.65 33.85 26.44 77 8.95 34.28 75 8.90 34.23 26.55 103 10.91 35.05 100.... 10.70 34.95 26.81 154 9.15 34.96 150.-.- 9.30 34.96 27.06 Station 5471; May 7; latitude 42°54.5' N., longitude 50°46' W.; depth 640 m.; dynamic height 971.127 0 5.37 32.92 0 5.37 32. 92 25 5.29 32.98 25 5.29 32. 98 50 5.98 33.24 50 5.98 33. 24 75 7.70 33.87 75 7.70 33.871 101 10.89 34.85 100... 10.85 34.84 151 10.20 35.14 150.--- 10.25 35.03 201 8.39 34.93 200---- 8.45 34.93 302 6.84 35.00 300---- 6.80 35.00 403 5.29 34.88 400-.. . 5.30 34.88 593 4.04 34.88 600.... 4.00 34.88 26.00 26.06 26.19 26.45 26.70 26.95 27.17 27.47 27.56 27.71 134 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1954— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity °loo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin- ity, 7oo Station 5472 May 7; latitude 42°50' N., longitude 50°50' W.; depth 1,192 m.; dynamic height 971.121 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. SaliQ- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo 0..-- 25-.. 51--_ 76--- 101- - 152.. 203.- 304.. 403.. 601.. 796.. 995.. 5.36 32.89 5.47 33.03 7.94 33.92 10. 29| 34.60 11.70. 35.19 10.91 35.28 9. 19l 35. 04 6.711 35.02 5.42 4.15 3.89 3.64 34.85 34.89 34.89 34.88 32.89 25.98 33.03 26.08 33.90 26.44 34.59 26.61 35.18 26.81 35.28 27.01 35. 05 27.14 35.02 27.48 34.85 27.52 34.89 27.70 34.89 27.73 34.88 27.74 Station 5473; May 7-8; latitude 42°40' N., longitude 51°0rW.; depth 1,994 m.; dynamic height 971.185 0 5.21 32.80 0 5.21 32.80 25.94 24 5.25 32.94 25 5.30: 32.98 26.06 49 - . 8.22 34.00 50 8.30 34.04, 26.49 73 9.72; 34.48 75 9.85 34. 50^ 26.61 98 11.39i 35.00 100---- 11.40 35.02 26.74 147 11. 14i 35. 13 159---- 11.05 35. 13 26. 88 195 10.03 35.08 200.--- 9.90 35.07; 27.05 293 7.92' 300---- 7.80 34.94; 27.27 375 6.46i 34.85 400.--. 6.25 34.861 27.43 565 5.091 34.92 600-.-. 4.85 34.911 27.64 757 4.06* 34.87 800.-.- 3.95 34.87, 27.71 952 3.76 34.91 1,000-- 3.75 34.91 27.76 1,450... 3.46 34.885 Station 5474; May 8; latitude 42°17' N., longitude 51°29' W.; depth 3,017 m.; dynamic height 971.261 0 8.97 34.14 0--. 8.97| 34.14 26.47 24 10.13 34.54 25 10.20 34. 57| 26.60 47 12.23 35.15 50 12. 40 35. 19 26. 68 71 13.12 35.46 75 13.20: 35,50 26.76 94 13.55 35.58 100.--- 13.55 35.59 26.75 142 13.59 35.61 150.--. 13.60, 35.61 26.76 189 13.42 35.56 200-.. . 12.95 35.50; 26.81 283 9.12 300---. 8.35! 34.87 27.14 387 5.31 34.36 400---- .5.30 34.38 27.17 583 5.23 34.78 600---- 5.20 34.81 27.52 779 4.85 34.98 800---- 4.80 34.98 27.71 977 4.28 34.94 1,000-. 4.25' 34.94 27.73 1,476-.. 3.78 34.94 i Station 5475; May 8; latitude 41°58.5' N., longitude 51°58' W.; depth 4,115m.; dynamic height 971.227 0 26 52 78 103-.... 154 206 309 411 614 813 1,021... 1,548... 10.18 12.03 12.55 13.16 13.25 13.23 13.49 11. 9.20 5. 4.94 4.27 3.79 34.52 35.14 35.31 35.50 35.52 35.59 35.49 35.47 35.00 35.01 34.97 34.94 0 25.-.. 50.--. 75--- 100--. 150-.. 200-- 300- . 400- - 600 -. 800- - 1,000 10. 18 12. OOi 12.50 13.10 13.20 13.25 13.45 11.90 9.45 6.10 5.00 4.30 34.52 26.56 35.13: 26.71 35.30 26.74 35.44 26.73 35.491 26.75 35. 52| 26.76 35.59. 26.77 35.50 35.47 35.02 35.01 34.97 27.02 27.43 27.58 27.71 27.75 Station 5476; May 8; latitude 42°00'N., longitude 50°58'W.; depth 3,292 m.; dynamic height 971.226 0 25... 50--- 75--- 100- . 149.. 199- . 299.- 380.. 569-- 759.- 958.- 1,474 14.26 35.53 0 14.26 i 35.53 14.00 35.53 25 14.00 35.53 13,97 35.56 50 13.97 35.56 13.93 35. 58 75 13.93 35.58 13.95 35.59 100.-.- 13.95 35.59 13,95 35.62 150-..- 13.95 35. 621 13,89 35.66 200-.-. 13.85 35. 66 10.22 300---- 10.20 35.33 8.48 35.07 400-.-- 8.15 35.06 5.92 35.00 600---- 5.65 35.00 4.60 34.98 800--.. 4.40 34.96 3.83 34.90 1,000-. 3.80 34.90 3.57 34.90 26.56 26.61 26.64 26.67 26.67 26.69 26. 75 27.19 27.32 27.62 27.73 27.75 Station 5477; May 29; latitude 43°20'N., longitude 50°15'W.; depth 59 m.; dynamic height 971.104 0 6.14 32.72 0 6.14 32.72 25.76 25 4.36 32.75 25 4.36 32.75 26.08 51 2.07 32.81 50 2.15 32.81 26.24 Station 5478; May 29; latitude 42°55'N., longitude 50°15'W.; depth 91 m.; dynamic height 971.089 0- 25 51 76 5.65 3,04 0,44 —0.74 32.77 32.91 33.10 33.27 0. 25 50 75 5.65 3.04 0.55 -0.75 32.77 32,91 33.09 33.26 25,86 26,24 26.55 26.75 Station 5479; May 29; latitude 42°45'N., longitude 50°15'W.; depth 348 m.; dynamic height 971.077 0 3.96 32.90 0 3.96 32.90 24 1.4l| 32.93 25 1.30 32.93 47 -0. 57j 33.06 50 -0.60 33.07 71 -0.72 33.16 75 -0.80 33.18 94 -1.09 33.26 100.-.- -1.05 33.28 140 -0.54 33,47 150--.- 0.55 33.60 187 5,00; 34.28 200---- 4.70 34.30 281 2.42 34.38 (300) - 2.70 34.50 26.14 26.34 26.59 26.69 26.78 26.97 27.17 27.53 Station 5480; May 29; latitude 42°33'N., longitude 50°15'W.; depth 1,188m.; dynamic height 971.078 0 3.78 32.84 0 3.78 32.84 26.12 25 3.67 32.84 25 3.67 32.84 26.13 49 3.02 33.05 50 3.05 33.06 26.35 74 3,70 33.44 75 3.70 33.44 26.60 98 0,64 33.52 100-..- 0.65 33.53 26,90 148 1.29 33.77 150...- 1.30 33.78 27.06 196 0.91 33.86 200-..- 0.95 33.88 27.16 294 2.15 34.39 300.--- 2.25 34.42 27.51 297 2.21 34.41 400..-- 2.95 34.64 27.62 447 3.20 34.71 600---- 3.70 34.85 27,72 598 --- 3.71 34.85 800---- 3.75 34.88 27.73 811 3.76 34.88 (1,000). 3.75 34.89 27.74 842128—55- -10 135 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1954— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 5481; Mav 29; latitude 42°06.5' N\, longitude 50°15'W.; depth 3,200 m.; dynamic height 971.167 0-.- 7.261 32.67 0 1 1 7.26' 32.67, 25.58 23 7.04, 32.67 25 6.90' 32.68 25.63 45 5.84 33.00 50 5.95 33.18, 26.15 68 7.06 33.78 75 7.70 33.96 26.52 90 9.22 100---- 9.70 34.65 26.75 136 10.53j 35.03 150--.- 10.20 35.03 26.96 181 9.461 35.01 200---- 9.10 34.99 27.11 271 7.91 34.92 300--.- 7.35 34.89 27.30 331 6.78 34.87 400---- 5.10 34.78 27.51 499 2.82 34.64 600---- 3.70 34.83 27.70 670 4.30 34.94 800-.-. 4.15 34.94 27.74 853 4.09 34.94 1,000.. 3.90 34.93 27.76 1,338..- 3.56 34.90 Station 5482; May 30; latitude 41°37'X., longitude 50°15'W.; depth 3,658m.; dynamic height 971.480 0 18 35 53 71 107 142 213 338 512 691 890 1,432... 18.63 36.00 0 18.63 36.00 18.71 36.00 25 18.70 36.00 18.69 36.00 50 18.70 36.00 18.66 36.01 75 18,60 36. 24! 18.66 36.20 100---- 18.25 36.40 18.16 36.43 150---- 17.50 36.30 17.59 36.30 200-.-- 17.20 36.31 17.10 36.31 300.-.. 15. 00 35. 90 13.91 35.71 400--.- 12.05 35.44 8.66 35.12 600---- 6.60 35.01 5.52 34.97 800---. 5.00 34.98 4.75 34.99 1,000-- 4.55 34.99 3.91 34.96 25.90 25.88 25.88 26. 08 26.30 26.41 26.48 26.68 26.94 27. .50 27.68 Station 5483; May 30; latitude 41°16'X., longitude 50°16'W.; depth 3567 m.; dynamic height 971.391 0 18.29 35.60 0 18.29 35.60 25.68 24 18.10 35.58 25 18.05 35.58 25.72 47 16.90 35.50 50 16.80 35.51 25.97 70 15.94 35.87 75 15.75 35.86 26.48 93 15.14 35.77 100---- 14.90 35.73 26.57 140 13.76 35.46 150---- 13.75 35. 49 26.63 187 13.97 35.62 200---. 13.95 35.63 26.70 280..---- 13.46 35.65 300-.-- 12.90 35.58 26.88 275 13.55 35.66 400---- 10.10 35.21 27.12 404 9.96 35.20 600--.- 6.70 35.01 27.49 529 7.67 35.05 800---- 5.05 34.99 27.68 677 5.79 35.00 1,000.. 4.45 34.98 27.74 1,075--- 4.30 34.98 Station 5484; May 30; latitude 41°00'X., longitude 50°15'W., depth 3,749m.; dynamic height 971.369 0 17.37 35.40 0 17.37 28 17.37 35.42 25 17.37 56 14.44 35.21 50 15.00 84 13.79 35.37 75 13.90 112 13.98 35.54 100... . 13.90 168 13.80 35. 56 150-..- 13.85 224 13.51 35.56 200---- 13.65 336 12.21 35.53 300---- 12.80 413 10.02 35.26 400-.-- 10.35 606 6.42 35.01 600-.. . 6.50 794 4.75 34.96 800-.. . 4.75 995 4.42 34.98 1,000-. 4.40 1,502... 3.66 34.90 35. 40 35.42! 35. 24| 35.31 35. 46' 25.75 25.76 26.18 26.47 26.58 35.56, 26.67 35.56 26.71 35.55 26.88 35.31 27.15 35.01 34.96 34.98 27.52 27.69 27.74 Station 5485; May 30; latitude 40°35.5' N., longitude 49°21' W.; depth 3,713 m.; dynamic height 971.895 0... 29.. 56.- 84 - 112- 169- 225- 337. 443. 654. 861- 1,075... 1,611. 22.34 36.23 0 22.34 36.23 22.19 36.22 25 22.25 36. 22 21.67 36.28 50 21.80 36. 26 ! 20.17 36.44 75 20.70 36. 39: 19.02 36.46 100-... 19.45 36.45 18.56 36.48 150---- 18.70 36.48 18.24 36.46 200.--- 18.35 36.47 17.80 36.46 300---. 17.90 36.46 17.38 36.36 400---- 17.55 36.43 12.58 35.60 600---- 14.50 35,80 7.01 35.05 800.--- 8.05 35 16 4.88 35.00 1,000.- 5.45 35.00 3.95 34.% 25.25 25.65 26.03 26.25 26.33 26.44 26.49 26.71 27.41 27.64 Station 5486; May 30; latitude 39°56' N., longitude 48°48' W.; depth 4,207 m.; dynamic height 971.464 0 - 25- 48., 73. 97- 146 194 291 270 392 507 596 751 18.67 18.67 18.44 17.90 17.84 17.18 12.93 12.84 12.96 8.77 8.28 4.82 4.98 36.00 36.005 36.16 36.32 36.40 36.26 35.30 35.44 35.43 34.80 35.12 34.47 34.84 0 18.67 25 18.67 50 18.40 75 17.90 100-.-. 17.80 150---- 16.90 200---- 12.90 300.-.. 12.45 400.-.. 8.70 600.--. 4.80 (800)-- 4.90 (1, 000) 4.50 36.00 36.00 36.17 36. 33' 36. 40, 36.23 35.30 35.40 34.82 34.48 34.86 34.90 2f . 89 ?o. 89 26.09 26.33 26.42 26.50 26.67 26.83 27.05 27.30 27.60 27.67 Station 5487; May 31; latitude 40°07.5' N., longitude 47°46' W.; depth 4,024 m.; dynamic height 971.248 0 14.45 34.71 0 14.45 34.71 25.89 28 13.25 35.34 25 13.30 35.27 26.56 54 13.54 35.52 50 13.50 35.51 26.71 82 13.56 35.56 75 13.55 35. 55 26.72 108 13.57 35.56 100-... 13.55 35.56 26.73 163 13.69 35.64 150.... 13.65 35.63 26.76 217 13.56 35.63 200.... 13.60 35.64 26.78 325 10.63 35.34 300.-.- 11.45 35.42 27.04 415 7.90 35.01 400..-. 8.25 35.05 27.30 622 5.10 34.93 600--.- 5.25 34.93 27.61 832 4.32 34.94 800---. 4.40 34.94 27.71 1,045... 4.19 34.97 1,000.. 4.25 34.97 27.76 1,587... 3.68 34.94 Station 5488; May 31; latitude 40°27' N., longitude 48°22' W.; depth 3,530 m.; dynamic height 971.373 0 20.87 36.24 0 20.87 36.24 26 14.13 34.55 25 14.15 34.55 51 17.18 35.66 50 17.15 35.60 77 17.87 36.37 75 17.85 36.32 103 17.79 36.38 100.... 17.80 36.38 153 17.34 36.36 150-. _- 17.40 36.36 204 14.06 35,66 200-... 14.30 35,70 307 10.91 35.30 300-..- 11.15 35,32 235 13.45 35.56 400---- 8.15 34.96 338 10.48 35.23 600..-- 6.70 35.02 432 7.01 34.82 800-... 4.95 34.99 554 7.22 35.03 (1,000) 4.40 34.96 882 4.60 34.98 25.49 25.82 25.96 26.34 26.40 26.48 26.68 27.02 27.24 27.50 27.69 27.73 136 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1954— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, "loo Station 5489; May 31; latitude 40°45.5' N., longitude 48°46' W.; depth 3,658 m.; dynamic height 971.552 0 20.01 35.70 0 20.01 35.70 25.31 23 19.78 35.70 25 19.75 35.70 25.38 46 19.04 35.72 50 18.95 35.74 25.62 69 18.29 35.87 75 18.30 35.89 25.89 92 18.48 35.94 100.. _. 18.35 35.95 25.93 137 17.59 36.01 150_.__ 17.45 36.08 26.24 182 17.17 36.29 200.___ 16.50 36.15 26.53 274 13.72 35.52 300.__. 13.20 35.51 26.77 277 13.55 35.48 400.... 12.20 35.55 27.00 399 12.21 35.55 600-... 7.95 35.09 27.37 513 9.33 35.20 800. ... 5.55 34.99 27.62 651 7.33 35.05 1,000.. 4.40 34.96 27.73 1,010.-. 4.39 34.96 Station 5490; May 31; latitude 41°18' N., longitude 49°25' W.; depth 3,475 m.; dynamic height 971.361 0 27 53 80 106--.. 160.-- 212-.-- 318--- 400.-- 589..-. 772..-. 973.--- 1,490.. 18.37 35.98 0 18.37 35.98 18.48 36.06 25 18.50 36.05 18.36 36.36 50 18.40 36.33 17.59 36.30 75 17.70 36.31 17.77 36.38 100.--- 17.75 36,36 16.38 36.20 150.... 16.65 36.24 14.83 35.90 200.... 15.15 35. 96 12.45 35.58 300...- 12.85 35.64 9.83 35.22 400-.. . 9.85 35.22 6.54 35.04 600...- 6.40 35,03 4.82 34.97 800..-- 4.70 34.97 4.32 34.95 1,000.. 4.30 34.95 3.80 34.93 25.95 25.97 26.21 26.36 26.40 26.56 26. 69 26.94 27.17 27.54 27.71 27.73 Station 5491; May 31-June 1; latitude 41°50.5' N., longitude 49°13' W.; depth 3,200 m.; dynamic height 970.981 0-.-- 25... 50... 75... 100-- 150.- 200.. 300.- 390.- 581.. 771- - 972.. 1,490 5.18 33.14 0 5.18 33.14 1.67 33.11 25 1.67 33.11 -0.67 33.42 50 -0.67 33.42 0.47 33.76 75 0.47 33.76 5.50 34.54 100...- 5.50 34.54 2.50 34.23 150..-- 2.50 34,23 5.00 34.75 200--.. 5,00 34, 75 4.53 34,80 300.... 4,53 34,80 4.50 34,85 400...- 4,50 34,85 4.11 34,90 600.... 4,10 34,91 4.17 34,96 800.... 4.10 34,96 3.83 34, 925 1,000.. 3.80 34,92 3.48 34.90 26,21 26.50 26.89 27.10 27.27 27.33 27.50 27.59 27.63 27.73 27.77 27.77 Station 5492; June 1; latitude 41°34' N., longitude 48°18' W.; depth 3,566 m.; dynamic height 971.053 0 25 51 76 102 152 203 305 419 622 822 1,031... 1,557... 5.58 0.12 0.65 0.83 0.44 5.34 3.29 5.76 4 4.74 4.30 4.03 3.63 32.94 33.02 33.38 33.59 33.67 34.45 34.24 34.85 34.89 34.99 34. 965 34. 955 34.94 0 25--. 50---. 75--. 100-- 150.. 200.- 300- . 400.. 600.. 800.. 1,000 5.58 0.12 0.55 0.85 0.50 5.25 3.35 5.70 5.05 4.75 4.35 4.05 32.94 33.02 33.37 33.59 33.66 34.43 34.25 34.83 34,88 34.98 34,96 34,96 26,00 26,52 26,78 26.94 27.02 27.21 27.27 27.47 27.59 27.70 27.74 27.77 Station 5493; June 1; latitude 41°10' N., longitude 47°44' W.; depth 3,475 m.; dynamic height 971.124 0 26-..- 51-..- 77---- 102.-- 152-.. 203. -- 305..- 409... 607... 801-- 1,010. 1,550- 7.94 32.76 0 7.94 32.76 3.07 33.16 25 3.10 33.15 8.70 34.31 50 8.35 34.28 12.82 35.42 75 12.75 35.38 11.35 35.19 100---- 11.55 35.21 6.56 34.41 150---- 6.70 34.44 5.75 34.38 200---- 5.75 34.38 7.55 34.95 300-.-- 7.55 34.92 6.46 35.01 400---- 6.55 35.01 4.02 34.86 600--.- 4.05 34.86 3.74 34.89 800---- 3.75 34.89 3.58 34.89 1,000-- 3.60 34.89 3.43 34.89 25.55 26.42 26.67 26.76 26.86 27.04 27.11 27.30 27.51 27.69 27.74 27.76 Station 5494; Junel; latitude 40°54.5' N., longitude 47=21' W.; depty 3,566m.; dynamic height 971.345 0---- 28... 55... 84--- 111-- 167.. 223.. 334.. 401 -- 585.. 760.. 957.. 1,463 16.80 35.27 0 16.80 35.27 17.02 36.18 25 17.00 36.13 15.30 35.80 50 15.70 35.89 14.50 35.64 75 14.70 35.68 14.02 35.58 100.--- 14.15 35.59 14.33 35.78 150.--. 14.25 35.72 13.69 35.64 200---- 13.95 35.69 12.66 35.60 300---- 13.05 35.61 10.24 35.28 400---- 10.25 35.29 7.11 35.06 600--.- 6.90 35.05 5.33 35.02 800-.-- 5.15 35.02 4.67 35.01 1,000.- 4.60 35.00 3.79 34.96 25.79 26.40 26.51 26.58 26.63 26.71 26.74 26.87 27.15 27.49 27.70 27.74 Station 5495; June 1; latitude 40°38' N., longitude 46°55' W.; depth 3,713 m.; dj-namic height 971.608 0 26 52 78 103 156 208 311 413 626 844 1,065... 1,634... 18.46 36.35 0 18.46 36,35 18.38 36.36 25 18.40 36,36 18.31 36.40 50 18.30 36.39 18.23 36.45 75 18.25 36.45 18.17 36.45 100---- 18.15 36.45 17.84 36.41 150-.-- 17.85 36. 42 17.45 36.36 200---- 17.50 36.37 16.40 36.18 300---- 16.50 36.20 15.12 35.96 400.--- 15.30 35.99 10.53 35.38 600---- 11.10 35.44 5.93 34.96 800-.-- 5.85 35.01 4.62 34.96 1,000.. 4,85 34.96 3.87 34.95 26.20 26.24 26.28 26.34 26. 37 26.41 26.46 26.58 26.68 27.12 27.60 27.68 Station 5496; June 2; latitude 41°17.5' N., longitude 46°40' W.; depth 4,298 m.; dynamic height 971.668 0 23 46 69 92 137..-- 183-.. . 275--.- 360---- 553---- 755.... 955.... 1,474.. 19.48 19.19 18.64 18.13 17.97 17.78 17.51 16.93 16.16 12.41 8.17 5.22 3.94 36.42 36.42 36.38 36.35 36.34 36.37 36.35 36.27 36,14 35,58 35,14 34,93 34.94 0--.- 25-.- 50... 75-.- 100.. 150.- 200-- 300.- 400-- 600-- 800- - 1,000 19. 48 19.10 18.55 18.05 17.95 17.70 17.40 16.70 15.55 11.45 7.35 4.95 36.42 36.42 36.37 36.34 36.34 36.37 26.00 26.10 26.20 26.30 26.33 26.46 36.341 26.46 36.24 36.03 35.46 35.08 34.93 26.55 26.66 27.07 27.45 26.64 137 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1954— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin- ity, /oo station 5497; June 2; latitude 41°39' N., longitude 47°13' W.; depth 4,142 m.; dj-namic height 971.200 0 25--.- 52-.-- 77 103--- 154... 206.- 309... 384..- 578... 965-.- 1,450. 10.68 33.00 0 7 93 33.74 25 12.23 35.08 50 13.41 35. 48 ■ 75 13.51 35.54 100---- 10.85 35.06 150--.- 11.39 35.42 200---- 8.76 35.12 300--.- 5.69 34.72 400---- 5.18 34.93 600--.. 4.45 34.99 800---. 3.78 34. 935 1,000-- 10.68' 7.93 11.90, 13.30 13. 50! 11.00' 11.35 9.05, 5.60[ 5.10 4.75 4.40, 33.00 25.30 33.74' 26.32 35.03 26.65 35.45 35.54 35.10 35.39 35.15 34.73 34.94 34.98 34.99 26.70 26.73 26.87 27.03 27.24 27.41 27.63 27.70 27.75 Station 5498; June 2; latitude 42°00' N., longitude 47°49' W.; depth 3,749 m.; dynamic height 971.050 0--.. 25.-- 51-.- 76..- 101 -. 152- - 203.. 304.. 389.. 577-- 760.- 957.- 1,460 7.28, 4.911 7.22 8.00: 7.28 6.80 6.55 6.14 4.69 4.23 3.83 3.64 33.34 33.51 33.91 34.47 34.76 34.75 34.78 34.98 35.05 34.98 34.95 34.93 34.90 0 8.89 33.34 25 7.28 33.51 50 4.95 33.89 75 7.10 34.45 100---- 8.00 34.76 150---. 7.30 34.75 200.--- 6.80 34.77 300---- 6.55 34.97 400--.- 6.05 35.05 600---- 4.60 34.97 800.--- 4.15 34. 95 1,000.. 3.80 34.93 25.85 26.23 26.82 26.99 27.11 27.20 27.29 27.48 27. 00 27.72 27.75 27.77 Station 5499; June 2; latitude 42°22' N., longitude 48°27' W.; depth 3,200 m.; dynamic height 971.114 0 11.98 34.58 0 11.98 34.58 26.28 25 11.85 34.59 25 11.85 34.59 26.31 50 11.50 34.57 50 11.50 34.57 26, :i7 74 13.33 35.39 75 13.35 35,39 26.64 99 13.16 35.37 100..-- 13.15 35.36 26.66 149 9.80 35.03 150---- 9.75 35.03 27.03 198 9.28 35.15 200--.- 9.25 35.15 27.22 297 7.49 35.02 300---- 7.04 35.01 27.39 360 6.09 34.93 400---- 5.90 34.95 27.55 535 5.35 35.04 600-.-- 5.00 35. 01 27.71 708 4.50 34.97 800---- 4.20 34.95 27.75 892 4.03 34.94 1,000-- 3.95 34.93 27.75 1,365-. - 3.64 34.92 Station 5500; June 2; latitude 42°48' N., longitude 49°10' W.; depth 2,250 m.; dynamic height 970.988 0 25 51 76 102 153 204 306 397 591 782 981 1,483-.- 7.64 33,08 0 7.64 33. 08 1.58 33.10 25 1.58 33.10 3.10 33.82 50 3.10 33.80: 3.23 33.99 75 3.20 33.98] 4.81 34.38 100---- 4.65 34.34 6.74 34.82 150.--- 6.65 34.81 2.89 34.41 200--.- 2.95 34.43 4.95 34.85 300---- 4.85 34.83, 5.16 34.99 400---- 5.15 34. 991 4.57 34.99 600---- 4.55 34.99! 4.20 34.98 800---- 4.15 34.98 3.87 34.93 1,000-- 3.85 34.94 3.46 34.89 25. 84 26.50 27.21 27.34 27.45 27.57 27.67 27.74 27.77 27.77 Station 5501; June 2-3; latitude 43°22' N., longitude 48°50' W.; depth 1,646 m.; dynamic height 971.003 0 25 ... 50-.-. 75..-. 101... 151.-. 201-.. 302. - . 398-.. 592.-. 781... 981--. 1,490--- 3.83 32.86 0 3.83 32.86 1.59 32.86 25 1.59 32.86 -0. 85 33.02 50 -0.85 33.02 -1.01 33. 17 75 -1.01 33.17 -0.68 33.40 100-.-. -0.70 33.40 0.86 34.01 150--.- 0.85 34.01 1.44 34. 26 200.--. 1.45 34.25 3.87 34.76 300--.- 3.75 34.76 4.15 34.89 400---- 4.15 34.89 3.83 34. 90 600-.. . 3.80 34.90 3.53 34.88 800---- 3.50 34.88 3.45 34. 88 1,000-- 3.45 34.88 3.38 34.88 26.12 26.31 26.56 26.69 26.87 27.28 27.43 27.64 27.70 27.75 27.76 27.76 Station 5502; June 3; latitude 43°08' N., longitude 48°10' W.; depth 3,054 m.; dynamic height 971.113 0 25: 50 75 100 150 201 301 334 490 638 803 1,223-.- 12. 64 34.70 0 12.64 34. 70 13. 98 35.20 25 13.98 35. 20 1 13.45 35.18 50 13.45 35.18 9.20 34. 38 75 9.20 34.38 5.70 34.05 100--.- 5.70 34.05 9.08 34.92 150---- 9.08 34.92 7.96 34.84 200-.-- 7.95 34.84 6.891 34.87 300.--- 6.90 34.87 7.30 35.04 400---- 6.35 35.00 5.28 34.95 600...- 4.85 34.97 4.70 34.98 800---. 4.20 34.96 4.18 34.95 1,000.- 3.90 34.93 3.57 34.90 26.25 26.36 26.46 26.62 26.86 27.07 27.17 27.35 27.53 27.69 27.76 27.76 Station 5503; June 3; latitude 42°54' N., longitude 47°30' W.; depth 3,640 m.; dynamic height 971.062 0 8.88 33.32 0 8.88 33.32 25.84 25 8.45 33.49 25 8.45 33.49 26.04 50 6.12 33.70 50 6.12 33.70 26.53 75 7.24 34.36 75 7.24 34.36 26.90 100 7.15 34.52 100...- 7.15 34.52 27.04 150 5.91 34.44 150-..- 5.91 34.44 27. 14 201 4.37 34.42 200---- 4.35 34.42 27.31 301 4.85 34.72 300-..- 4.85 34.72 27.49 410 4.83 34.88 400---- 4.85 34.87 27.61 607 4.58 34,97 600-..- 4.60 34.97 27.72 801 4.28 34.97 800---. 4.30 34.97 27.75 1,007-.. 4.01 34.96 1,000.- 4.00 34.96 27.78 1,535... 3.55 34.92 Station 5504; June 3; latitude 42°45.5' N., longitude 46°52' W.; depth 4,042 m.; dynamic height 971.268 0 27--.. 53---. 80-... 106... 160--- 212-.- 318--- 316-.- 464-.. 608... 777.-- 1,228. 12.33 33.58 0 12.33 33.58 13.64 34.81 25 13.60 34.70 13. 57 35. 44 50 13.60 35.40 13.77 35.56 75 13.70 35.54 13.86 35.61 100---. 13.85 35.60 13.59 35.58 150-.. . 13.60 35.58 13.28 35.64 200-.-- 13.35 35. 62 10.71 35.35 300-.-- 11.20 35.41! 10.65 35. 34 400-..- 7.65 34.97 5.52 34.72 600---. 5.45 34.94 5.44 34.95 800...- 4.40 34.92 4.46 34.92 1,000.. 4.15 34.93 3.98 34.95 25.45 26.06 26.60 26.69 26.70 26.74 26. 82 27.08 27.32 27.59 27.70 27.73 138 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1954— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity °/oo Scaled values Tem- Depth, I pera- meters ture, C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 5505; June 3; latitude 42°37.5' N., longitude 46°12' W.; depth 4,572 m.; dynamic height 971.608 0 26-_-_ 51.-__ 78...- 103-.. 155--- 206..- 309-.. 393-.- 577... 754,.. 949--- 1,450- 19.33 36.37 0 19.33 36.37 19.27 36.37 25 19.30 36.37 18.25 36.29 50 18.30 36.29 17.88 36.36 75 .--. 17.90 36.35 17.70 36.38 100... . 17.75 36.38 17.10 36.27 150---- 17.15 36.28 16.66 36.19 200--- 16.70 36.20 15.71 36.07 300-..- 15.75 36.08 14.89 35.96 400---. 14.80 35.95 11.05 35.40 600---- 10.55 35.33 7.27 35. 04 800.--- 6.60 35.02 5.54 35.00 1,000- 5.25 35.00 4.07 34.96 26.01 26.01 26.21 26.34 26.41 26.48 26. 53 26.64 26.76 27.13 27.51 27.67 Station 5506; June 3; latitude 42°54' N., longitude 45°46' W.; depth 4,755 m.; dynamic height 971.632 0 1 17.65 36.34 0 17.65 36.34 26.40 26 17.45 36.32 25 17.45 36.32 26.43 51 17.44 36.32 50 17.45 36.32 26.43 77 17.44 36.32 75 17.45 36.32 26.43 102 16.98 36.24 100--- 17.00 36.25 26.48 155 16.88 36.26 150-.. 16.85 36.26 26.53 206 16.69 36.26 200---. 16.70 36.26 26.57 308 16.44 36.22 300--- 16.45 36.23 26.60 367 15.98 36.13 400... . 15.45 36.04 26.68 543 12.71 35.62 600---. 11.45 35.46 27.07 714 8.99 35.16 800.--- 7.40 35.05 27.42 899 6.30 35.00 1,000.- 5.50 34.99 27.62 1,370.-- 4.13 34.94 Station 5507; June 3; latitude 43°10.5' N., longitude 45°21' W.; depth 4,663 m.; dynamic height 971.621 0 18.58 36.33 0 18.52 36.33 26.16 24 18.58 36.34 25 18.55 36.34 26.18 48 18.04 36.34 50 18.00 36.34 26.32 72 17.76 36.32 75 ---. 17.70 36.32 26.37 97 17.57 36.32 100---- 17.55 36.32 26.41 144 16.97 36.23 150 --- 16.90 36.23 26.50 192 16.74 36.22 200.--- 16.70 36.22 26.54 289 16.34 36.19 300--- 16.25 36.18 26.61 337 15.97 36.12 400 ... 15.05 35.96 26.72 498 13.23 35.67 600---- 10.70 35.36 27.13 655 9.45 35.20 800 --. 7.25 35.06 27.45 824 6.99 35.05 1,000.. 5.55 35.04 27.66 1,250--- 4.57 35. 02 Station 5508; June 4; latitude 43°22' N., longitude 45°55' W.; depth 4,390 m.; dynamic height 971.389 0 19 36 55 73 110 146 219 286 413 530 673 1,053... 19.28 19.26 18.12 16.44 16.52 15.95 15.42 13.67 13.64 10.09 6.44 4.87 4.34 36.26 36.24 36.21 36.03 36.06 36.01 35.94 35.59 35.65 35.16 34. 785 34.81 34.97 0 ... 25.-- 50--- 75.--. 100-- 150.- 200- - 300.- 400 -. 600 -- 800- 1,000 19.28 36.26 19.00 36.23 16.80 36. 07 16. 75 36.06 16.10 36.03 15. 30: 35.93 14.101 35.68 13.25J 35.60 10.40, 35.21 5.35 34.79 4. 55| 34.87 4.40; 34.96 25. 93 25.98 26.40 26.40 26.53 26.64 26.71 26.82 27.07 27.49 27. 65 27.73 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 5509; June 4; latitude 43°30.5' N., longitude 46°22' W.; depth 2,561 m.; dynamic height 971.176 0 24-.. 48-.-- 72--- 96---- 145--. 193. - - 289.-- 396--- 577... 748.-- 945... 1, 458- 12.21 33.91 0 12.21 33.91 9.89 33.83 25 9.90 33.83 11.39 34.82 50 11.45 34.91 13.22 35.43 75 13.25 35.46 13.48 35.54 100... . 13.45 35.53 12.11 35.36 150.... 11.80 35.32 9.23 34.92 200-.. 8.90 34.88 6.08 34.60 300---- 6.10 34.61 7.09 34.99 400---- 7.05 34.99 4.09 34.80 600---. 4.05 34.81 4.01 34.90 800---- 3.95 34.90 3.67 34.89 1,000.- 3.65' 34.89; 3.42 34.89 25.73 26.08 26.65 26.72 26.73 26.90 27.06 27.25 27.42 27.65 27.73 27.75 Station 5510; June 4; latitude 43°44.5' N., longitude 47°04' W.; depth 4,042 m.; dynamic height 971.007 0 6.18 33.12 0 6.18 33.12 26.07 23 5.40 33.21 25 5.25 33.22 26.26 45 2.96 33.25 50 2.85 33.30 26.56 68 2.47 33.61 75 2.10 33.64 26.90 90 1.26 33.70 100. ... 1.60 33.80 27.06 135 3.49 34.35 150.... 4.15 34.50 27.39 180 5.30 34.73 200--.- 5.10 34.73 27.47 270 4.13 34.73 300--.- 3.75 34.71 27.60 312 3.69 34.71 400---- 4.35 34.86 27.66 481 4.70 34.98 600---- 4.25 34.94 27.73 658 4.09 34.93 800-.-. 4.05 34.94 27.75 849 4.04 34.94 1,000-- 3.95 34.94 27.76 1,371... 3.55 34.92 Station 5511; June 4; latitude 43°56' N., longitude 47°38' W.; depth 3,841 m.; dynamic height 971.120 0 10.46 34.30 0 10.46 34.30 26.35 25 10.40 34.60 25 10.40 34.60 26.59 49 10.16 34.60 50 10.20 34.60 26.62 74 10.18 34.74 75 10.20 34.75 26.74 98----- 10.67 35.02 100-.-- 10.65 35.02 26.87 148 10.11 35.00 150---- 10.05 35.00 26.96 197 9.13 35.00 200-.. . 9.05 35.00 27.13 295 6.37 34.78 300..-. 6.35 34.78 27.35 435 5.92 34.92 400.... 6.00 34.89 27.48 651 4.47 34.94 600.... 4.75 34.94 27.67 868 4.10 34.95 800.... 4.20 34.95 27.75 1,090.-- 3.83 34.94 1,000.. 3.95 34.94 27.76 1,651--- 3.53 34.92 Station 5512; June 4; latitude 44°03.5' N., longitude 48°14' W.; depth 3,457 m.; dynamic height 971.027 0 27.... 53... 80... 106... 160- . 212-- 318... 407.- 605. - 802.- 1,009 1, 539. 5.58' 6.17; 6.89 7.76 8.93 5.67 6.26 4.01 33.10 33.66 34.04 34.60 34.89 34.48 34.76 34.68 4. 20 34. 82 4.57 34.99 4. 13 34. 95 3.82 34.93 3.49 34.91 0 25... 50..- 75.-.. 100-- 150.- 200 - 300.- 400-- 600.. 800.. 1, 000 5.58 6.15 6.80 7.55 8.75 6.15 6.10 4.15 4.15 4.55 4.15 3.85 33.10 26.12 33.62 26.47 34.00 26.68 34.50 26.97 34.85 27.06 34.55! 27.20 34.69 27.31 34.69; 27.54 34.81 27.64 34.99, 27.74 34.95 27.75 34.93, 27.76 139 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1954— Continued Observed values Scaled values Observed values Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity °/oo Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Tiamic height 971.052 0 5.59 31.32 0 5.59 31.32 26 1.44 32.55 25 1.50 32. 51 51 -0.81 32.92 50 -0.75 32.91 77 -1.55 33.10 75 -1.55 33.08 103 -1.61 33.23 100---- -1.60 33.21 153 -1.28 33.41 150---. -1.30 33.40 205 -0.98 33.50 200 --- -1.00 33.49 247 -0.10 33.84 24.72 26.04 26.47 26.63 26.74 26.89 26. 95 Station 5581; June 24; latitude 48°22.5' N., longitude 52°06' W.; depth 190 m.; dynamic height 971.039 0-- 25- 49- 74- 98- 147 4.38 32.14 0.88 32.51 -1.16 -1.33 -1.07 -1.11 32.99 33.09 33.21 33.36 0 25 50 75 100---- 150.... 4.38 0.88 -1.20 -1.30 -1.05 -1.10 32.14 32.51 33.00 33.10 33.22 33.37 25.50 26.07 26.56 26.64 26.73 26.85 146 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1954— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity loo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, loo Station 5582; June 24; latitude 48°17.5' N., longitude 51°54' W.; depth 185 m.; dynamic height 971.042 0 4.54 32.18 0 4.54 32.18 25.51 25 0.59 32.53 25 0.59 32.53 26.11 51 -0.93 32.88 50 -0.85 32.88 26.45 76 -1.44 33.06 75 -1.40 33.05 26.60 103 -1.61 33.23 100 --- -1.60 33.22 26.75 153 -1.51 33.32 150---- -1.50 33.31 26.82 178 -1.02 33.49 Station 5583; June 24- latitude 48°10' N., longitude 51°37' W.; depth 236 m.; dynamic height 971.053 0 4.71 32.08 0 4. 7ll 32.08 25.42 25 -0.50 32.69 25 -0.50 32.69 26.28 50 -1.06 32.90 50 -1.06 32.90 26.47 75 -1.23 33.02 75 -1.23 33.02 26.58 100 -1.30 33.05 100---- -1.30 33.05 26.60 149 -1.33 33. 17 150---- -1.30 33.17 26.70 199 -0.66 33.36 200---- -0.60 33.36 26.82 Station 5584; June 24; latitude 48°02' N., longitude 51°18' W.; depth 155 m.; dynamic height 971.030 0 5.35 32.29 0 5.35 32.29 25.51 25 1.93 32.69 25 1.93 32.69 26.14 50 -0.89 32.87 50 -0.89 32.87 26.45 75 -1.17 33. 00 75 -1.17 33.00 26.56 100 -1.30 33.14 100---- -1.30 33.14 26.67 148 -0.71 33.48 150--- -0.65 33.49 26.94 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 5585; June 24; latitude 47°52.5' N., longitude 50°56' W.; depth 117 m.; dynamic height 971.026 0 5.49 32.55 0 - 5.49 32.55 25.70 25 2.40 32.67 25 2.40 32.67 26.10 50 -0.60 32.91 50 -0.60 32.91 26.46 76 -1.14 33.08 75 -1.10 33.07 26.61 101 -0.84 33.26 100.-- -0.85 33.25 26.74 Station 5586; June 24; latitude 47°43' N., longitude 50°36' W.; depth 128 m.; dynamic height 971.018 0 5.25 32.66 0 5.25 32.66 25 2.58 32.68 25 2.58 32.68 50 -0.89 33.01 50 -0.89 33.01 76 -1.13 33.20 75 -1.15 33.20 101 -1.16 33.31 100---- -1.15 33.31 25.81 26.09 26.56 26.72 26.81 Station 5587; June 24; latitude 47°35.5' N ., longitude 50°19' W.; depth 210 m.; dynamic height 971.022 0- 24. 48. 72. 97- 145 5.49 3.09 -0.72 -0.70 -0.81 -0.54 32.65 32.66 32.94 33.18 33.31 33.46 0 25 50 75 100..-- 150 5.49 32.65 2.70 32.66 -0. 70i 32.95 -0.70 33.20 25.78 26.06 26.50 26.71 -0.80 33. 32 1 26.80 -0.50 33.48 26.92 Station 5588; June 24; latitude 47°27' N., longitude 49°58' W.; depth 77 m,; dynamic height 971.020 0 5.95 32.64 0 5.95 32.64 25.73 25 3.56 32.67 25 3.56 32.67 26.00 50 0.19 32.86 50 0.19 32.86 26.39 64 -0.65 33.17 (75)... -0.75 33.40 26.87 Station 5589; June 24; latitude 47°44.5' N., longitude 49°53' W.; depth 119 m.; dynamic height 971.017 0 5.16 32.47 0 5.16 32.47 25.68 25 2.39 32.56 25 2.39 32.56 26.01 50 -1.25 33.10 50 -1.25 33.10 26.64 76 -1.04 33.28 75 -1.05 33.27 26.77 101 -1.12 33.46 100--- -1.10 33.45 26.92 Station 5590; June 24; latitude 47°57' N., longitude 49°47' W.; depth 172 m.; dynamic height 971.010 0 5.90 32.26 0 5.90 32.26 25.42 25 1.95 32.87 25 1.95 32.87 26.29 49 -0.79 33.14 50 -0.80, 33.15 26.66 74 -1.21 33.30 75 -1.20 33.31 26.81 98 -1.16 33.42 100.--- -1.10 33.43 26.90 147—. -0.41 33.73 150.... -0.35 33.76 27.14 Station 5591; June 24; latitude 48°14' N., longitude 49°39' W.; depth 224 m.; dynamic height 970.999 0 5.67 32.31 0 5.67 32.31 25.49 25 2.29 32.77 25 2.29 32.77 26.19 50 -0.45 33. 11 50 -0.45 33.11 26.62 75 -1.12 33.37 75 -1.12 33.37| 26.85 100 -1.00 33.58 100.-.- -1.00 33.58 27.02 149 0.53 33.96 150--.- 0.55 33.97 27.27 199 1.06 34.12 200---- 1.10 34. 12 . 27. 36 Station 5592; June 25; latitude 48°30' N., longitude 49°40' W.; depth 659 m.; dynamic height 970.932 0 5.13 32.66 0 5.13 32.66 25.82 22 1.64 33.04 25 1.20 33.07 26.51 43 -0.75 33.27 50 -0.70 33.34 26.82 65 -0.40 33.57 75 0.10 33.80 27.15 87 1.65 34.11 100--.- 1.60 34.19 27.37 130 1.50 34.30 150-..- 1.70 34.36 27.50 173 1.92 34.41 200---- 2.10 34. 46 27.55 260 2.41 34.56 300---- 2.55 34.61 27.64 297 2.57 34.61 400---- 2.85 34.72 27.70 491 2.98 34.80 (600).. 3.10 34.84 27.77 Station 5593; June 25; latitude 48°40.5' N., longitude 49°25' W.; depth 1,060 m.; dynamic height 970.884 0--- 26-. 52-- 78- 105. 156- 208- 313- 417. 627. 837- 1,041 5.35| 32.90 0. ISi 33.74 0.19 34.00 0.96 2.12 2.35 2.51 2.82 3.13 3.39 3.26 34.16 34.40 34.58 34.64 34.72 34.78 34.86 34.87 34.88 0 25 50 75 100-.. . 150-... 200--- 300---- 400.--. 600---. 800---. 1,000-. 5.35 0.20 0.20 0.85 1.95 32.901 33.73: 33.96 34.14 34.36 2.35; 34.57 2.50 34.63 2.80 34.71 3.10 3.40 3.35 3.25 34.77 34.85 34.87 34.88 25. 99 27.09 27.28 27.38 27.49 27.62 27.65 27.69 27.72 27.75 27.77 27.78 147 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1954— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity 7oo Scaled values Tem-L ,. Depth, pera- ™ meters ture, o/' Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, /oo Sealed values Tem- Depth, pera- meters ture, Salin- ity, °/oo Station 5594; June 25; latitude 49°05' N., longitude 49°12' W.; depth 1,719 m.; dynamic height 970.823 0 25 50 74 99 149 198 297 379 569 760 957 1,461- _. 6.71 33.98 0 6.71 33.98 5.34 34.34 25 5.34 34.34 3.65 34.58 50 3.65 34.58 2.97 34.66 75 2.95 34.66 2.73 34.69 100... _ 2.70 34.69 2.62 34.72 150.... 2.65 34.72 2.70 34.76 200.... 2.70 34.77 2.94 34.81 300... 2.95 34.81 3.08 34.84 400.... 3.10 34.84 3.15 34.86 600.... 3.15 34.86 3.15 34.85 800.... 3.15 34.86 3.14 34.86 1,000.. 3.15 34.86 3.24 34.88 26.67 27.13 27.50 27.64 27.68 27.72 27.75 27.76 27.77 27.78 27.78 27.78 Station 5595; June 25; latitude 49°32.5' N., longitude 49°06' W.; depth 1,737 m.; dynamic height 970.813 0 25.... 49.... 74.... 98.... 147. __ 197... 295... 326. __ 528... 756... 952... 1,455. 7.36 34.16 0 7.36 1 34. 16: 4.73 34.40 25 4.73 34.40 3.44 34.67 50 3.40 34.68 3.04 34.73 75 3.00 34.73 2.94 34.75 100.... 2.95 34.75 2.87 34.77 150.... 2.85 34.77 2.78 34.78 200.... 2.80 34.78 3.19 34.84 300.... 3.20 34.84 3.10 34.84 400.... 3.10 34.84 3.08 34.85 600.... 3.05 34.85; 3.09 34.85 800. ... 3.10 34,851 3.10 34. 855 1,000.. 3.10 34.86 3.24 34.89 27.25 27.61 27.69 27.71 27.74 27.74 27.76 27.77 27.78 27.78 27.79 Station 5596; June 25; latitude 50°00' N., longitude 48°59' W.; depth 1,829 m.; dynamic height 970.872 0.-_ 23... 46- -. 69... 92.-- 138.. 183.. 275.- 330.. 501 -. 676.- 859.. 1,343 8.04 34.50 0 8.04 34.50 7.86 34.50 25 7.55 34.50 5.40 34.58 1 50 5.20 34.59 4.58 34.64 75 4.50 34.64 4.26 34.65 100.... 4.20 34.66 4.07 34.69 150.... 4.05 34.70 3.90 34.74 200..-. 3.85 34.76 3.67 34.82 300.... 3.70 34.84 3.65 34.85 400.... 3.45 34.85 3.18 34.84 600.... 3.05 34.82 3.02 34.82 800.... 3.10 34.83 3.10 34.84 1,000.. 3.10 34.85 3.13 34.86 26.89 26.97 27.35 27.46 27. 52 27.56 27.63 27.71 27.74 27.76 27.76 27.78 Station 5597; June 25; latitude 49°51.5' N., longitude 48°19' W.; depth 2,378 m.; dynamic height 970.872 0... 26.. 52.. 78. . 103- 156 207 310 406 607 810 1,018--. 1,549... 8.29 34.50 0 8.29 34.50 6.09 34.63 25 6.15 34.62 4.02 34.69 50 4.10 34.68 3.57 34.72 75 3.60 34.72 3.38 34.74 100-... 3.40 34.74 3.05 34.76 150.... 3.10 34.76 2.92 34.79 200.-.. 2.95 34.78 2.91 34.81 300.... 2.90 34.81 2.99 34.84 400.... 3.00 34.84 3.04 34.845 600.... 3.05 34.84 3.08 34.85 800... 3.10 34.85 3.12 34. 875 1,000-- 3.10 34.87 3.10 34.92 26.85 27.26 27.54 27.63 27.66 27.71 27.73 27.77 27.78 27.78 27.78 27.80 Station 5.598; June 25; latitude 49°41.5' N., longitude 47°42' W.; depth 2,679 m.; dynamic height 970.868 0 26 52 78 105--. 156... 208... 313.... 403.... 601.... 798-... 1,002.. 1,521... 9.03 34.26 0 9.03 34.26 7.05 34.38 25 7.15 34.38 5.16 34.52 50 5.35 34.51 3.69 34.56 75 3.85 34.55 3.06 34.59 100.--- 3.15 34.58 3.36 34.72 150.... 3.35 34.71 3.40 34.76 200.... 3.40 34.75 3.48 34.84 300.... 3.50 34.83 3.52 34.87 400.... 3.55 34. 87 3.42 34.87 600... 3.45 34.87 3.35 34.87 800.... 3.35 34.87 3.29 34. 875 j 1,000.. 3.30 34.88 3.28 34.8851 26.55 26.93 27.27 27.46 27.55 27.64 27.67 27.72 27.75 27.76 27.77 27.78 Station 5599; June 26; latitude 49°16.5' N., longitude 47°58' W.; depth 2,332 m.; dynamic height 970.808 0 24 48 72 96 144 191 287 369 554 739 933 1,431... 8.76 34.48 0 8.76 34.48 6.63 34.58 25 6.55 34.58 3.74 34.69 50 3.65 34.70 3.36 34.74 75 3.30 34.74 3.16 34.77 100.... 3.15 34.77 3.01 34.81 150.... 3.00 34.81 3.00 34.83 200..-. 3.00 34.83 3.02 34.84 300--.. 3.05 34.84 3.03 34.85 400.... 3.05 34.85 3.12 34.86 1 600.... 3.15 34.86 3.09 34.86 800.... 3.05 34.86 3.06 34.86 1, 000- - 3.05 34.86 3.16 34.91 26.77 27.17 27.60 27.67 27.71 27.76 27.77 27.77 27.78 27.78 27.79 27.79 Station 5600; June 26; latitude 48°53.5' N., longitude 48°13'W.; depth 2,195 m.; dynamic height 970.840 0. 26 52 79 105 156 209 314 420 624 825 1,034... 1,563.-. 8.64 34.43 0 8.64 34.43 5.47 34.48 25 5.55 34.48 3.91 34.58 50 3.95 34.57 3.86 34.66 75 3.85 34.65 3.72 34.72 100.... 3.75 34.71 3.66 34.79 150..-- 3.70 34.78 3.44 34.82 200.... 3.50 34.82 3.23 34.82 300...- 3.25 34.82 3.22 34.84 400--.. 3.25 34.83 3.25 34.87 600--.. 3.30 34.87 3.29 34.88 800.... 3.30 34.87 3.20 34.86 1, 000. . 3.20 34.86 3.31 34.91 26.74 27.21 27.47 27.54 27.60 27.66 27.72 27.74 27.74 27.78 27.78 27.78 Station 5601; June 26; latitude 48°31' N., longitude 48°26'W.; depth 1,792 m.; dynamic height 970.844 0-... 22... 45... 67... 90... 135.. 179.. 269.. 363-. 553.- 749.-, 950.. 1, 476 7.26 33.74 0 7.26 33.74 4.84 34.11 25 4.50 34.15 2.43 34.49 50 2.40 34.51 2.37 34.56 75 2.40 34.57 2.40 34.59 100.... 2.45 34.61 2.75 34.68 150.... 2.75 34.69 2.69 34.71 200. ... 2.75 34.72 2.92 34.77 300---- 3.05 34.79 3.32 34.84 400... 3.30 34.84 3.18 34.84 600... . 3.20 34.84 3.25 34.86 800-..- 3.25 34.86 3.18 34.86 1,000-- 3.20 34.86 3.24 34.89 26. 42 27.08 27.57 27.62 27.64 27.68 27.71 27.73 27.75 27.76 27.77 27.78 148 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1954— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Sealed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Station 5602; June 26: latitude 48°11' N., longitude 48°36' W.; depth 677 m.; dynamic height 970.915 0 5.48 32.70 0 5.48 32.70 25.82 25 1.88 33.18 25 1.88 33.18 26.55 50 0.46 33.74 50 0.46 33.74 27.08 74 0.25 33.96 75 0.25 33.96 27.28 99 1.76 34.31 100-.-. 1.80 34.32 27.47 148 2.58 34.58 150.... 2.60 34.59 27.61 198 3.07 34.71 200.... 3.10 34.71 27.67 297 2.88 34.74 300.... 2.90 34.74 27.71 341 2.87 34.74 400.... 2.85 34.74 27.71 528 2.85 34.75 (600).. 2.85 34.75 27.72 Station 5603; June 26; latitude 48°05.5' N., longitude 48°38' W.; depth 324 m.; dynamic height 970.968 0 6.20 32.64 0 6.20 32.64 25.69 26 0.48 33.14 25 0.90 33.13 26.57 52 -1.02 33.46 50 -1.00 33.42 26.90 78 -0.59 33.72 75 -0.65 33.68 27.09 104 0.31 33.93 100.... 0.15 33.90 27. 23 157 1.27 34.23 150.... 1.15 34.19 27.40 209 2.11 34.47 200.... 2.05 34.44 27.54 313 2.24 34.52 300.... 2.25 34.51 27.58 Station 5604; June 26; latitude 47°51' N., longitude 48°44' W.; depth 224 m.; dynamic height 971.018 0.. 6.74 32.22 0 6.74 32.22 26 -0.16 32.98 25 0.10 32.97 53 -1.00 33.15 50 -0.95 33.13 79 -1.54 33.33 75 -1.50 33.30 105 -0.75 33,59 100-.-. -0.95 33.54 157 0.15 33.90 150.... 0.05 33.87 210 1.10 34.15 200.... 0.90 34.10 25. 29 26.49 26.66 26.81 26.99 27.22 27.35 Station 5605; June 26; latitude 47°40.5' N., longitude 48°49' W.; depth 172 m.; dynamic height 971.033 0 5.87 32.62 0- 5.87 32.62 25.72 25 -0.08 32,88 25 -0.08 32.88 26.42 51 -1.52 33.12 50 -1.50 33.11 26.65 76 -1.59 33.21 75 -1.60 33.21 26.75 101 -1.47 33.28 100.... -1.45 33.28 26.79 152 -0.66 33.63 150.... -0.70 33.61 27.04 Station 5606; June 26; latitude 47°44' N., longitude 48°26' W.; depth 226 m.; dynamic height 971.014 0.. 24. 49. 73. 98.. 146 195 6.48 0.29 -0.50 -1.50 -0.83 0,05 1.10 32.39 32.98 33.17 33.29 3.3. 51 33.86 34.09 0 25 50 75 100.... 150---- 200..-. 6.48 0.25 -0.55 -1.45 -0.80 0.15 1.20 32.39 32.99 33.17 33.30 33.54 33.88 34.11 25.46 26.50 26.67 26.80 26.98 27.21 27.34 Station 5607; June 26; latitude 47°47' N., longitude 48°08' W.; depth 276 m,; dynamic height 971.001 0.-- 24.. 48.- 72.. 96-- 143. 191. 240. 6.92 32. 18 0 6.92 32.18 1.371 32.97 25 1.40 32.98 -1.02 33.22 50 -1.05 33.24 -1.07 33.38 75 -1.05 33.40 -0.60 33.62 100.... -0.50 33.67 0.60 33.98 150...- 0.75 34.02 1.33 34.21 200.... 1.45 34.24 1.80 34.37 25.23 26.42 26.75 26.88 27.08 27.30 27.42 Station 5608; June 27; latitude 47°50' N., longitude 47°49' W.; depth 309 m.; dynamic height 970.980 0.. 27. 52. 78.. 103 156. 208 278. 6.54 32.46 0 6.54 32.46 1.89 33.16 25 2.30 33.12 -1.13 33.31 50 -1.05 33.30 -0.89 33.57 75 -0. 95 33.53 -0.08 33.84 100-..- -0.15 33.81 1.24 34.17 150.... 1.15 34.14 1.77 34.40 200...- 1.70 34.37 2.10 34.46 (300) . . 2.20 34.48 25.50 26.47 26.79 26.98 27. 18 27.36 27.51 27.56 Station 5609; June 27; latitude 47°59' N., longitude 47°40' W.; depth 368 m.; dynamic height 970.945 0- - 25 51 76 102 151 202 304 6.20 32.68 0 0.71 33.20 25 -0.91 33.56 50 -0.24 33.82 75 0.34 33.99 100--.- 1.32 34.27 150.-.- 2.22 34.51 200.... 2.72 34.66 300.... 6.20 32.68 25.72 0.71 33.20 26.64 -0.90, 33.54 26.99 -0.25 33.81 0.30! 33.98 1.30 34.26 2.20 34.50 2.70 34.65 27.18 27.28 27.45 27.58 27,65 Station 5610; June 27; latitude 48°17' N,, longitude 47°22' W.; depth 1,654 m,; dynamic height 970,840 0 6.29 33.47 0 6.29 33.47 26.33 26 1.79 34.32 25 1.80 34.28 27.43 52 1.90 34.42 50 1.90 34.41 27.33 78 2.07 34.49 75 2.05 34.48 27.57 104 2.28 34.56 100.... 2.25 34.55 27.61 155 2.55 34.65 150.... 2.55 34.64 27.66 208 2.81 34.71 200.... 2.75 34.70 27.69 312 3.24 34.79 300.... 3.20 34.78 27.71 399 3.19 34.82 400.... 3.20 34.82 27.75 596 3.30 34.86 600---- 3.30 34.86 27.77 789 3.28 34.87 800---- 3.30 34.87 27.78 992 3.20 34.87 1,000.- 3.20 34.87 27.79 1,509... 3.29 34.89 149 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1954— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, /oo Station 5611; June 27; latitude 48°36.5' N., longitude 47°02' W.; depth 2,834 m.; dynamic height 970.839 0 7.79 33.91 0 7.79 33.91 25 2.02 34.19 25 2.02 34.19 49 1.93 34.40 50 1.95 34.40 74 2.09 34.48 75 2.10 34.48 98 2.33 34.58 100--.- 2.40 34.59 147 2.68 34.68 150.... 2.80 34.68 197 2.91 34.74 200.--- 2.95 34.74 295 3.20 34.81 300---- 3.20 34.81 359 3.30 34.83 400--.. 3.30 34.84 540 3.28 34.86 600.... 3.30 34.86 721 3.26 34.86 800.--- 3.25 34.86 910 3.22 34.87 1,000.. 3.20 34.87 1,401.-- 3.23 34.89 26.47 27.34 27.52 27.56 27.63 27.66 27.70 27.74 27.75 27.77 27.77 27.79 Station 5612; June 27; latitude 48°58.5' N., longitude 46°41' W.; depth 2,726 m.; dynamic height 970.838 0 25...- 50.-. 75.... 99-.-. 149... 199... 298... 391..- 584--. 774..- 973... 1,479. 9.61 34.29 0 9.61 34.29 5.55 34.42 25 5.55 34.42i 4.06 34.52 50 4.06 34. 52' 3.15; 34.58 75 3.15 34.58| 2.73 34.65 100.... 2.75 34.65 2.79; 34.72 150.... 2.80 34.72 3.05 34.78 200...- 3.05 34. 78 3.091 34.82 300.--- 3.10 34.82 3.22| 34.85 400.... 3.25 34.85 3.35J 34.88 1 600.--. 3.35 34.88 3.25 34. 865 800.... 3.25 34.87 3.27 34.87 1,000-. 3.25 34.87 3.30 34.90 26.48 27.17 27.42 27.55 27.65 27.70 27.72 27.76 27.76 27.77 27.78 27.78 Station 5613; June 27; latitude 49°18.5' N., longitude 46°22' W.; depth 2,963 m.; dynamic height 970.914 0 9.89 34.16 0 9.89 34.16 26.33 24 8.01 34.23 25 7.90 34.23 26.70 49 5.16 34.38 50 5.15 34.39 27.19 73 4.84 34.46 75 4.80 34.47 27.30 98 4.63 34.53 100-.. . 4.60 34.53 27.36 147 4.12 34. 64 150.-. 4.15 34.64 27.50 195 4.95 34.85 200.... 4.90 34.85 27.59 293 3.64 34.80 300...- 3.65 34.80 27.68 360 3.92 34.87 400---. 3.80 34.86 27.72 542 3.29 34.83 600--- 3.30 34.84 27.75 726 3.42 34.87 800..- 3.40 34.87 27.77 916 3.36 34.87 1,000-- 3.35 34.87 27.77 1,405-- 3.30 34.87 Observed values Tem- Depth, pera- meters ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Station 5614; June 27; latitude 49°11.5' N., longitude 45°39' W.; depth 2,743 m.; dynamic height 970.857 26.53 27.13 27.34 27.44 27.57 27.64 27.70 27.73 27.75 27.77 27.77 27.78 0 9.12 34.24 0 9.12 34.24 24 5.68 34.37 25 5.60 34.37 49 4.55 34.47 50 4.50 34. 47 73 3.22 34.44 75 3.20 34.44 97 3.03 34.56 100..-- 3.00 34.57 145 2.77 34.64 150.... 2.80 34.65 194 2.77 34.71 200.--- 2.80 34.72 291 3.34 34.83 300.-.- 3.35 34.83 330 3.41 34.84 400---. 3.40 34.85 503 3.38 34.86 600---- 3.40 34.87 681 3.38 34.87 800..-. 3.35 34.87 860 3.32 34.87 1,000.. 3.30 34.87 1,320... 3.20 34.86 Station 5615; June 28; latitude 49°00.5' N., longitude 44°58' W.; depth 1,646 m.; dynamic height 970.836 0 28..-. 54.... 82.... 109... 164... 218... 327... 390... 584-.- 776.- 979... 1, 506- 8.61 34. 18 0 8.61 34.18 4.51 34.42 25 4.75 34.41 3.33 34.55 50 3.45 34.53 2.77 34.63 75 2.90 34.61 2.68 34.69 100---. 2.70 34.67 2.89 34.74 150.... 2.80 34. 72 3.15 34.80 200... . 3.10 34.78 3.31 34.85 300..-. 3.30 34.84 3.28 34.85 400.-.- 3.30 34.85 3.23 34.85 600.... 3.25 34.85 3.21 34.85 800--.. 3.25 34.85 3.19 34.87 1,000-- 3.20 34.87 3.28 34.90 26.56 27.26 27.48 27.61 27.67 27.70 27.72 27.75 27.76 27.76 27.76 27.79 Station 5616; June 28; latitude 48°39' N., longitude 45°22' W.; depth 1,042 m.; dynamic height 970.869 0 8.15 33.95 0 8.15 33.95 26.45 26 5.55 34.06 25 5.60 34.06 26.88 52 3.54 34.30 50 3.70 34.29 27.27 78 2.96 34.39 75 3.00 34.37 27.41 105 2.93 34.53 100.... 2.95 34.51 27.52 156 2.63 34.65 150-.-- 2.65 34.64 27.65 208 3.07 34.76 200.-.. 3.00 34. 75 27.71 313 3.30 34.82 300..-. 3.30 34.81 27.73 409 3.40 34.85 400... . 3.40 34.85 27.75 610 3.47 34.88 600.--. 3.50 34.88 27.76 808 3.38 34.88 800.-- 3.40 34.88 27.77 994 3.29 34. 875 1,000-- 3.30 34.88 27.78 Station 5617; June 28; latitude 48°16' N., longitude 45°53' W.; depth 1,097 m.; djTiamic height 970.867 0 8.17 33.84 0 8.17 33.84 26.36 25-..-- 2.43 33.82 25 2.43 33.82 27.01 50 2.85 34.29 50 2.85 34.29 27.35 75 2.39 34.39 75 2.39 34.39 27.47 100 2.76 34. 53 100.--. 2.76 34.53 27.55 150 3.26 34.69 150.... 3.26 34.69 27.63 200 3.32 34.75 200.-.. 3.32 34.75 27.68 300 3.43 34.82 300...- 3.43 34.82 27.72 409 3.60 34.87 400.-.. 3.60 34.87 27.75 610 3.51 34.89 600.--- 3.55 34.89 27.76 809 3.34 34.88 800---. 3.40 34.88 27.77 1,028— 3.26 34.88 1,000-- 3.25 34.88 27.78 Station 5618; June 28; latitude 47°57' N., longitude 46°18' W.; depth 1,143 m.; dynamic height 970.864 0 7.97 33.55 25 2.62 34.05 50 2.82 34.36 76- 2.69 34.48 101 3.06 34.62 151 2.90 34.69 202 3.22 34.77 303 3.35 34.83 394 3.44 34.85 589 3.48 34.85 781 3.41 34.88 998 3.33 34.88 0 25 50 75 100.... 150 200..-. 300... . 400.-. 600.-. 800.-- 1,000- 7.97 2.62 2.82 2.70 3.05 2.90 3.20 3.35 3.45 3.50 3.45 3.30 33.55 34.05 34.36 34.48 34.62 34.69 34.77 34.83 34.85 34.85 34.88 34.88 26.17 27.18 27.41 27.51 27.60 27.67 27.71 27.73 27.74 27.74 27.76 27.78 150 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1954— Continued Observed values Tem- Depth, I pera- meters I ture, °C. Salin- ity 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, too Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, /oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 5619; June 28; latitude 47° 53.5' N., longitude 46°04' W.; depth 860 m.; dynamic height 970.862 0- 25- 50.. 76-. 101 151. 202 30.3 427. 634 839. 8.11 33.48 0 8.11 33.48 3.85 34.07 25 3.85 34.07 2.53 34.32 50 2.53 34.32 2.15 34.41 75 2.15 34.41 2.80 34.57 100 --- 2.80 34.57 2.72 34.63 150.--. 2.70 34.63 3.25 34.76 200-.-- 3.25 34. 75 .3.35 34.80 300---. 3.35 34.80 3.50 34.86 400.-.- 3.50 34.85 3.46 34.89 600.-.. 3.45 34.89 3.34 34.89 800--- 3.30 34.89 26.08 27.09 27.41 27.51 27.58 27.63 27.68 27.71 27.74 27.77 27.79 Station 5620; June 28; latitude 47°48.5' N., longitude 45°47' W.; depth 425 m.; dynamic height 970.906 0..- 25.. 50.. 75.. 100- 150. 201- 301- 404. 8.69 33.36 0 8.69 33.36 4.43 33.63 25 4.43 33.63 3.38 33.93 50 3.38 33.93 3.41 34.23 75 3.41 34.23 .18 34.38 100..-. 3.18 34.38 3.82 34.65 150---- 3.82 34.65 3.88 34.74 200.-- 3.90 34.74 3.82 34.86 300 3.80 34.86 3.60 34.87 400— 3.60 34.86 25.89 26.67 27.01 27.25 27.39 27.54 27.61 27.72 27.74 Station 5621; June 28; latitude 47°46' N., longitude 45°40' W.; depth 320 m.; dynamic height 970.932 0 9.19 33.43 0 9.19 33.43 25.89 25 5.79 33.78 25 5.79 33.78 26.63 50 4.01 33.86 t 50 4.01 33.86 26.90 75 3.44 33.97 75 3.44 33.97 27.04 101 3.43 34.24 100..- 3.45 34.23 27.24 151 3.45 34.48 150— 3.45 34.47 27.44 201 3.54 34.63 200.. _ _ 3.55 34.63 27.55 302 3.74 34.83 300. -_ 3.75 34.82 27.69 Station 5622; June 28; latitude 47°31' X., longitude 45°13' W.; depth 236 m.; dynamic height 970.950 0.--- 25.-. 50... 76--. 101.- 151_. 202- - 10.37 6.19 5.02 4.00 3. 4.11 4.16 33.66 0 33.80 25 33.84 50 33.93 75 34.18 100 34.51 150--.. 34.66 200 10.37 6.19 5.02 4.05 3.90 4.10 4.15 33.66 33.80 33.84 33.93 34.17 34.51 34. 65 25.86 26.60 26.79 26.95 27. 16 27.41 27.51 Station 5623; June 28; latitude 47°23' X.. longitude 45°02' W.; depth 194 m.; dynamic height 970.961 0._ 25- 51- 76- 102 153 11.01 6.06 4.96 4.46 3.64 3.50 33.69 33.73 33.83 33.93 34.03 34.35 0 I 11.01 33.69 25 I 6.06, 33.73 50-- 75.- 100. 150. 5.00 33.82 4.501 33.92 3.65 34.02 3.50: 34.33 25.78 26.56 26.77 26. 90 27.07 27.32 Station 5624; June 28; latitude 47°30.5' N., longitude 45°01' W.; depth 222 m.; dynamic height 970.951 0 10.70 33.66 25 6.18 33.82 33.66; 25.81 33.82 26.62 33.87 33.96 34.13 34.46 34.63 26.80 26.' 95 27.12 27.37 27. 50 Station 5625; June 29; latitude 47°48.5' N., longitude 45°02' W.; depth 254 m.; dynamic height 970.959 0 10.61 33.70 25 6.34 33.81 147... 196... 5. 35 . 33. 86 4.64| 33.93 3.971 34.00 3.95 34.34 4.46 34.66 0__-_ 25... 50. - _ 75--- 100-- 150.- 200- 10.61 33.70, 25.86 6.341 33.81 26.59 5.301 4. 60 1 3.95 3.95 4.45 33. 86 33.93 34.01 34.37 34.69 26. 76 26.89 27.03 27.31 27.51 Station 5626; June 29; latitude 48°05' N., longitude 45°02' W.; depth 351 m.; dynamic height 970.918 0 25 ... 50---- 75--.. 100..- 150... 201--- 301.-- 9.09 33.51 0 9.09 33.51 5.45 33.74 25 5.45 33. 741 4.31 33.93 50 4.31 33.93 3.60 34.12 75 3.60 34.12 3.33 34.31 100 3.33 34.31 4.00 34.62 150 4.00 34.62 3.32 34.64 200.... 3.35 34.64 .n 34.85 300..-. 3.75 34.85 25. 97 26.65 26. 92 27.15 27.32 27.51 27.58 27.71 Station 5627; June 29; latitude 48°25' N., longitude 45°02' W.; depth 642 m.; dynamic height 970.886 0 25---- 50-.-. 76---- 101-- 151... 202... 303--. 402--. 603... 9.16 33. 59 0 9.16 33.59 5.53 34.01 25 5.53 34.01 3.17 34.12 50 3.17 34.12 2.69 34.30 75 2.70 34. 30 2.73 34.42 100---. 2.70 34.42 3.15 34.60 150 3.15 34.60 3.34 34.69 200- — 3.35 34. 68 3.73J 34.86 j 300.-.- 3.75 34. 85 1 3.601 34.87 400. _._ 3.60 34.87 3.44 34.89 600.... 3.45 34.89 26.01 26.85 27.19 27.37 27.47 27.57 27.61 27.71 27.75 27.77 Station 5628; June 29; latitude 48°34' X., longitude 45°02' W.; depth 823 m.; dynamic height 970.867 0... 25.. 51.. 76-. 102 152 203 305 404 597 758 8.45 5.58 3.81 2.75 2.80 3.09 3.63 3.70 3.58 3.34 3.25 33.70 34.05 34.30 34.40 34.51 34.67 34.78 34.87 34.88 34.88 34. 875 0 25 50 75 100--.. 150-.-- 200.... 300---. 400 600 --_ (800) - - . 8.45 5.58 3.90 2.75 2.80 3.10 3.60 3.70 3.60 3.35 3.20 33. 70 34.05 34.30 34.40 34.50 34.66 34.77 34.87 34.88 34.88 34.87 26.21 26,87 27.26 27.45 27.52 27.63 27.67 27.74 27.75 27.77 27.79 342128—55- -11 151 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1954— Continued Observed values Scaled values Observed values Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity loo Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, "C. Salin- ity, loo -namic height 970.946 0 -. 11.38 33.62 0 25 6.18 33.74 25 49 4.70 33.86 50 74 4.04 33.98 75 '9 3.77 34.07 100---- 148 3.92 34.45 150---- 197 4.17 34. 72 200---- 11.38 33.62 6.18 33.74 4.70' 33.87 4.00 33.99 3.80' 34.08 3.95' 34.46 4.20 34.73 25.66 26.55 26.84 27.00 27.09 27,38 27.57 Station 5657; July 2; latitude 46°49' N"., longitude 45°04' W.; depth 169 m.; dynamic height 970.953 0 11.04 33.69 1 0 11.04 26 7,07 33.79 25 7.25 52 5.80 33.80 50 5.851 77 4.36 33.90 75 4.45' 103 3.55 34.06 100-.. . 3.60 155 3.77 34.47 150.... 3.75: 33. 69 33.79 25.77 26.45 33.80. 26.65 33.89 26.87 34.04) 34.431 27.08 27.37 Station 5658; Julv 2; latitude 46°49' N., longitude 44°32' W.; depth 212 m.; djaiamic height 970.943 0 10.94 33.49 1 0 25 6.59 33.83 25 50 5.35 33.83 50 76 3.32 33. 94 75 101 3.57 34.07 100...- 151 4.02 34.45 150---- 202 4.01 34.66 200---- 10.94 33.49 25.63 6.59 33.83 26.57 .5.351 33.83 33.94 34.06 34.44 34.651 3.35i 3.551 4.00 4.00 26.73 27.03 27.11 27.36 27.53 Station 5659; July 2; latitude 46°49' N.. longitude 44°15' W.; depth 322 m.; dj-namic height 970.904 0-- 25- 50- 75- 100 150 201 301 10.37 33.38 4.87 33.57 2.87 33.74 3.53 34.27 2.16 34.28 2.98 34.56 3.53 34.74 3.78 34.86 0--.- 25--- 50... 75--- 100.. 150- . 200.. 300.. 10.37 33.38 4.87 33.57 2.87 33.74 3.53 34.27 2.161 34.28 2. 98 1 34.56 3.55! 34.74 3.75' 34.86 25,65 26.59 26.91 27.27 27.40 27.56 27.64 27.72 Station 5660; July 2; latitude 46°49' N., longitude 44°01'W.; depth 622 m.; dynamic height 970.871 0... 25.. 50.- 75.. 101. 151. 201. 302. 411. 611- 10.36 33.45 0 10.36 33.45 3.40 33.84 25 3.40 33.84 3.73 34.25 50 3.73 34.25 3.01 34.44 75 3.01 34.44 3.15 34.55 100 3.15 34. 54 3.43 34.70 150--.. 3.40 34.70 3.44 34.77 200.--- 3,45 34.77 3.48 34.82 300.... 3,45 34.82 3.46 34.87 400.-.- 3.45 34.87 3.28 34.87 600---- 3.30 34.87 25.70 26.94 27.24 27.46 27.52 27.63 27.68 27.72 27.76 27.78 154 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1954— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, "C. Salin- ity 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- Uy, /oo Sealed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. ity, 7oo Station 5661; July 2; latitude 46°49' N., longitude 43°26' W.; depth 2240 m; dynamic height 970.890 0...- 25... 49... 74... 98... 148.. 197- . 295.- 402.- 600.- 795-- 1,001 1, 526 12.61 33.66 0 12.61 33.66 4.64 33.96 25 4.64 33.96 3.93 34.16 50 3.95 34.16 3.96 34.39 75 3.95 34.39 3.16 34.47 100.-.. 3.20 34.48 3.44 34.68 150-.-- 3.45 34.68 3.18 34.73 200.-.. 3.20 34.73 3.21 34.79 300---- 3.20 34.79 3.28 34.84 400.-.- 3.30 34.84 3.29 34.86 600-.-- 3.30 34.86 3.28 34. 865 800.-.- 3.30 34.86 3.26 34.86 1,000- 3.25 34.86 3.29 34.90 25.45 26.91 27.15 27.33 27.47 27.60 27.67 27.72 27.75 27.77 27.77 27.77 Station 5662; Aug 21; latitude 50°01' N., longitude 48°59' W.; depth 1,870 m; dynamic height 970.872 0 25 49 74 99 148..-- 197...- 268.... 553.--- 740.--- 934.--. 1,432.. 11.48 33.11 0 11.48 33.11 5.71 34.39 25 5.71 34.39 4.55 34.85 50 4.55 34.58 3.92 34.62 75 3.95 34.62 3.93 34.68 100..-. 3.90 34.68 3.41 34.71 150-.. . 3.45 34.71 3.81 34.83 200--.. 3.70 34.83 3.34 34.85 300--.. 3.50 34.85 3.14 34.84 400--.. 3.30 34.85 3.21 34.84 600.-.- 3.15 34.84 3.18 34.83 800.-.- 3.20 34.84 3.22 34.89 1,000.. 3.20 34.84 25.24 27.13 27.41 27.61 27.56 27.63 27.70 27.74 27.76 27.76 27.76 27.76 Station 5663; Aug. 21; lat. 49°49' N. longitude 49°29' W.; depth 1,293 m.; dynamic height 970.851 0.... 25... 51... 76... 101.. 152.. 203.. 304.- 398.. 593-. 784.. 960.. 1,287 11.23 32.72 0 11.23 32.72 4.05 34.41 25 4.05 34.41 3.54 34.65 50 3.55 34.65 3.45 34.73 75 3.45 34.73 3.34 34.78 100--.. 3.35 34.78 3.16 34.78 150--.. •3.20 34.78 3.33 34.82 200--.. 3.30 34.82 3.26 300-.. . 3.30 34.81 3.09 34.79 400.... 3.10 34.79 3.03 34.84 600.... 3.05 34.84 3.10 34.84 800...- 3.10 34.84 3.12 34.84 1,000-- 3.15 34.84 3.17 34.86 24.98 27.34 27.57 27.64 27.69 27.71 27.74 27.73 27.73 27.77 27.77 27.76 Station 5604; Aug. 22; latitude 49°36' N., longitude 50°02' W.; depth 626 m.; dynamic height 970.903 0 25 49 74 98 147 196 294 395 597 9.74 3.02 1.62 2.44 3.03 3.42 3.47 3.54 3.55 3.23 31.63 34.12 34.21 34.59 34.72 34.75 "34."79' 34.81 0 25 50-.:.- 75 100.--. 150---. 200--.. 300---- 400.--- 600.-. 9.74 3.02 1.65 2.50 3.05 3.45 3.50 3.55 3.55 3.20 31.63 34.12 34.32 34.49 34.60 34.72 34.75 34.78 34.79 34.81 24.38 27.20 27.48 27.54 27.58 27.64 27.66 27.67 27.68 27.74 Station 5665; Aug. 22; latitude 49°29' N., longitude 50°21' W.; depth 319 m.; dynamic height 970.936 0 11.19 31.92 0 11.19 31.92 24.37 25 -0.86 33.54 25 -0.86 33.54 26.98 50 -0.46 33.81 50 -0.46 33.81 27.19 75 -0.02 33.94 75 -0.02 33.94 27.27 99 0.47 34.11 100---- 0.60 34.12 27.39 149 1.59 34.36 150--.. 1.60 34.37 27.52 199 2.77 34.56 200-.-. 2.80 34.56 27.57 298 3.15 (300)... 3.15 34.72 27.67 Station 6666; Aug. 22; latitude 49°17' N., longitude 50°69' W.; depth 325 m.; dynamic height 971.010 24.04 26.31 26.70 26.91 27.06 27.30 27.44 27.61 0 12.03 31.70 0 12.03 31.70 25 0.65 32.78 25 0.65 32.78 49 -1.41 33.17 50 -1.40 33.17 74. -1.19 33.41 75 -1.20 33.42 99- -1.06 33.62 100-... -1.05 33.63 148 -0.01 33.96 150.... 0.00 33.98 197 1.39 34.25 200.... 1.45 34.26 296 2.86 (300).- 2.90 34.61 Station 5667; Aug. 22; latitude 49°07.5' N., longitude 51°29' W.; depth 317 m.; dynamic height 971.083 0.. 25. 50- 74-. 99- 149 198 292 11.48 0.66 -1.38 -1.58 -1.58 -1.18 -0.34 2.19 31.40 32.76 33.00 33.14 33.24 33.52 '34.I0' 0 25 50 75 100-.. . 150-..- 200--.. (300).- 11.48 0.66 -1.38 -1.55 -1.55 -1.16 -0.30 2.35 31.40 32.76 33.00 33.14 33.24 33.53 33.78 34.24 23.92 26.29 26.57 26.68 26.75 26.99 27.15 27.35 Station 5668; Aug. 22; latitude 49°01' N., longitude 51°48' W.; depth 324 m.; dynamic height 971.096 0 11.72 31.29 0 11.72 31.29 23.78 23 0.38 32.63 26 0.10 32.70 26.27 46- -1.18 32.99 60 -1.30 33.01 26.57 69 -1.56 33.10 75 -1.60 33.11 26.66 93 -1.62 33.14 100.... -1.60 33.17 26.71 139 -1.45 33.38 160-.. -1.36 33.43 26.91 185 -0.90 200-... -0.60 33.68 27.08 278 1.44 34.05 (300— 1.95 34.17 27.34 Station 5669; Aug. 22; latitude 48°57' N., longitude 62°02' W.; depth 324 m.; dynamic height 971.110 23.86 26.20 26.56 26.67 26.70 26.85 27. 01 27.23 0 11.44 31.32 0 11.44 31.32 26 0.26 32.62 25 0.26 32.62 50 -1.44 32.99 50 -1.44 32.99 76 -1.62 33.12 75 -1.62 33.12 100 -1.63 33.16 100.... -1.63 33.16 150 -1.61 33.34 150.... -1.61 33.34 199 -0.94 200.... -0.95 33.56 299 1.51 34.00 300.... 1.60 34.00 155 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1954— Continued Observed values Tern- Depth, pera- meters ture, "C. Salin- ity too Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, loo Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, "C. Salin- ity, /oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salm- ity, °/oo Station 5670; Aug. 22; latitude 48°49.5' N., longitude 52°21' W.; depth 351 m.; djTiamic height 971.090 0 11.20 31.32 0 11.20 31.32 23.90 24 -0.27 32.64 25 -0.30 32.67 26.26 49 -1.39 33.01 50 -1.40 33.02 26.58 73 -1.62 33.09 75 -1.65 33.09 26.64 98 -1.67 33.15 100- - -1.65 33.16 26.70 147 -1.54 33.30 150-.. -1.50 33.31 26.82 195 -1.02 33.58 200-.. -0.95 33.62 27.06 293 1.01 34.19 (300).. 1.20 34.24 27.44 Station 5671; Aug. 22; latitude 48°42.5' N., longitude 52°41' W.; depth 216 m.; dj-namic height 971.087 0 10.93 0 10.93 31.24 23.89 25 0.91 32.42 25 0.91 32.42 26.00 49 -1.12 32.90 50 -1.15 32.91 26.48 74 -1.51 33.05 75 -1.50 33.05 26.60 98. -1.59 33.12 100_-. -1.60 33.13 26.67 147 -1.39 33.40 150...- -1.35 33.42 26.91 196 -1.19 (200)-. -1.15 33.75 27.17 Station 5672; Aug. 22; latitude 48°37' N., longitude 52°53' W.; depth 172 m.; djTiamic height 971.099 0 11.49 31.18 0 11.49 31.18 23.74 25 0.82 32.24 25 0.82 32.24 25.86 51 -1.06 32.89 50 -1.00 32.88 26.45 76 -1.49 33.04 75 -1.45 33.04 26.60 101 -1.57 100---. -1.55 33.09 26.64 142 -1.56 33.21 (150).. -1.55 33.24 26.76 Station 5673; Aug. 22; latitude 48°34' N., longitude 52°40' W.; depth 260 m.; d>Tiamic height 971.087 0 10.93 31.24 0 10.93 31.24 23.89 25 0.88 32.47 25 0.88 32.47 26.04 50 -0.68 32.82 50 -0.68 32.82 26.40 75 -1.39 33.05 75 -1.39 33.05 26.60 100 -1.58 33.14 100. _.- -1.58 33.14 26.68 151 -1.44 33.36 150.--- -1.40 33.36 26.85 201 -1.06 200.... -1.05 33.58 27.02 241 -0.46 33.74 Station 5674; Aug. 23; latitude 48°28' N., longitude 52°16' W.; depth 233 m.; dynamic height 971.083 11.08: 31.35 23.94 -0.20 32.70' 26.28 -1.25 32.93. 26.50 -1.55 33.08J 26.63 -1.60 33.13; 26.67 -1.55 33. 29| 26.80 -1.15 33.53! 26.99 0 11.08 31.35 0 23 0.09 32.67 25 47 -1.20 32.92 50 70 -1.49 33.07 75 93 -1.60 33.11 100--. 140 -1.60 33.25 150--.. 186 -1.30 33.46 (200).. Station 5675; Aug. 23; latitude 48°25' N., longitude 52°02' W.; depth 210 m.; dynamic height 971.085 23.71 25.96 26. 52 26.66 26.68 26.86 27.07 0-- 12.19 31.30 0 12.19 31.30 25 0.59 32.35 25 0.59 32.35 50 -1.07 32.96 50 -1.07 32.96 76 -1.61 33.11 75 -1.61 33.11 100 -1.62 33.14 100..-- -1.62 33.14 149 -1.40 33.36 150--. -1.40 33.37 (200).. -1.05 33.64 Station 5676; Aug. 23; latitude 48°20' N., longitude 51°42' W.; depth 178 m.; dynamic height 971.066 23.69 26.25 26.59 26.68 26.75 27.01 0 12.26 31.30 0 12.26 31.30 26 0.17 32.78 25 0.25 32.68 52 -1.55 33.04 50 -1.50 33.03 78 -1.65 33.14 75 -1.65 33.14! 104 -1.60 33.24 100.... -1.60 33.23 155 -0.70 33.62 150.-.. -0.80 33.57 Station 5677; Aug. 23; latitude 48°16' N., longitude 51°25' W.; depth 179 m.; dynamic height 971.062 0 12.38 31.36 0 12.38 31.36 23.72 25 1.19 32.88 25 1.19 32.88 26.35 51 -1.11 33.05 50 -1.05 33.05 26.60 76 -1.51 33.15 75 -1.50 33.15 26.68 101 -1.45 33.25 100 -1.45 33.24 26.76 153 -1.01 33.55 150-.. . -1.05 33.53 26.98 Station 5678; Aug. 23; latitude 48°10.5' N., longitude 51°03' W.; depth 172 m.; dynamic height 971.061 0 12.69 31.27 0 12.69 31.27 23.60 25 2.83 32.61 25 2.83 32.61 26.02 50 -0.91 33.07 50 -0.91 33.07 26.61 75 -1.49 33.22 75 -1.49 33.22 26.75 100 -1.45 33.35 100-.. -1.45 33.35 26.84 150 -0.44 33.72 150.... -0.44 33.72 27.12 Station 5679; Aug. 23; latitude 47°56' N., longitude 50°39' W.; depth 115 m.; dynamic height 971.049 0 13.11 31.64 0 13.11 31.64 23.80 25 0.04 32.92 25 0.04 32.92 26.45 51 -1.20 33.06 50 -1.15 33.06 26.61 76 -1.47 33.18 75 -1.45 33.18 26.71 102 -1.18 33.37 100.... -1.20 33.35 26.84 Station 5680; Aug. 23; latitude 47°39.5' N., longitude 50° 19' W.; depth 115 m.; dynamic height 971.060 0 13.54 31.78 0 13.54 31.78i 23.82 26 3.97 32.64 25 4.20 32. 62i 25.90 51 -1.01 33.10 50 -0.90 33.09 26.62 77 -1.54 33.23 75 -1.50 33.22 26.75 103 -1.32 33.40 100.... -1.35 33.38 26.87 Station 5681; Aug. 23; latitude 47°26' N., longitude 50°00' W.; depth 77 m.; dynamic height 971.052 0 13.96 31.66 0 13.% 31.66 23.64 27 1.88 32.76 25 2.10 32.69 26.13 53 -1.27 33.10 50 -1.25 33.08 26.62 69 -1.10 33.30 (75)... -1.00 33.37 26.85 Station 5682; Aug. 23; latitude 47°44' N., longitude 49°56' W.; depth 115 m.; djTiamic height 971.050 0 24 48 72 96 13.38 31.76 1.68 -0.84 -1.14 -0.95 32.76 33.06 33.19 33.40 0... 25.- 50.. 75.. 100. 13.38 1.40 -0.90 -1.10 -0.90 31.76 23.84 32.79! 26.27 33.07 26.61 33.22 26.73 33.45 26.92 156 Table of Oceanographic Data — ConHnued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1954— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity 7oo Scaled values Depth, pera- ^/J™ meters ture, o/ ' \ °C !• Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, too Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, /oo Station 5683; Aug. 23; latitude 47°59' N., longitude 49° 54' W.; depth 169 m.; dynamic height 971.073 0 13.05 31.64 0 13.05 31.64 23.80 23 6.55 32.44 25 5.60 32.51 25.66 45 -1.11 33.02 50 -1.25 33.04 26.59 68 -1.51 33.12 75 .--- -1.55 33.16 26.70 91 -1.58 33.24 100---. -1.50 33.29 26.80 136 -1.08 33.56 (150).. -0.90 33.69 27.11 Station 5684; Aug. 23; latitude 48°17.5' N., longitude 49°51' W.; depth 224 m.; dj-namic height 971.043 0 11.68 31.48 0 11.68 31.48 23.56 23 -0.86 32.82 25 -1.00 32.86 26.44 46 -1.53 33.10 50 -1.55 33.13 26.67 69 -1.59 33.22 75 -1.55 33.25 26.77 93 -1.45 33.36 100--- -1.35 33.40 26.89 139 -0.71 33.72 150-.. . -0.50 33.80 27.18 185 0.17 33.99 (200).- 0.45 34.06 27.34 Station 5685; Aug. 23; latitude 48°42' N., longitude 49°41' W.; depth 626 m.; dynamic height 970.935 0 10.98 32.08 0 10.98 32.08 24.53 27 4.24 33.28 25 4.65 33.23 26.33 53 0.93 33.93 50 1.10 33.84 27.12 80 1.53! 34.25 75 1.45 34.21 27.40 106----- 2.38 34.47 100..-- 2.20 34.43 27.52 160 2.97 34.64 150---- 2.90 34.62 27.62 213 3.31 34.72 200--.- 3.30 34.71 27.65 319 3.34 34.73 300---- 3.30 34,73 27.66 402 3.51 34.79 400.,-- 3.50 34.79 27.69 606 3.20 1 (600).. 3.20 34.80 27.73 Station 5686; Aug. 24; latitude 48°48.5' N., longitude 49°38' W.; depth 1,064 m.; dynamic height 970.858 0 10.01 32.27 0 10.01 32.27 24.85 22 4.54 34.00 25 4.00 34.03 27.03 45 2.07 34.21 50 2.20 34.27 27.40 67 3.36 34.60 , 75.--.- 3.30 34.64 27.59 89 3.18 34.64 100---- 3.20 34.70 27.65 133 3.19 34.72 150-.-. 3.20 34.74 27.68 178 3.13 34.77 200--.- 3.10 34.78 27.72 267 3.04 34.81 300---- 3.05 34.81 27.75 407 3.05 34.82 400-,-- 3.05 34.82 27.76 604 3.07 34.84 600-.-- 3.10 34.84 27.77 797 3.12 34.85 800--.. 3.10 34.85 27.78 1,010.-- 3.12 34.87 1,000.. 3.10 34.87 27.80 Station 5687; Aug. 24; latitude 49°06' N., longitude 49°28' W.; depth 1,485 m.; dynamic height 970.839 0 25-... 49..-. 74-... 98---- 147--- 196--- 294-.- 398--- 592--. 783-.. 983--- 1,386- 12.49 32.93 0 12.49 32.93 4.46i 34.29 ! 25 4.46 34.29 3.39 34.62 50 3.40 34.63 3.43 34.74 75 3.45 34.74 3.09 34.74 100..-- 3.10 34.74 3.12 34.80 150..-- 3.15 34.80 3.16 34.82 200..-- 3.15 34.82 3.06 34.82 300---- 3.05 34.82 3.12 34.85 400---. 3,10 34.85 3.09 34.85 600---- 3.10 34,85 3.14 34.86 800--.- 3.15 34,86 3.13 34.86 1,000-. 3.15 34.86 3.23 34.88 24.90 27.19 27.57 27.65 27.69 27.73 27.75 27.76 27.78 27.78 27.78 27.78 Station 5688; .\ug. 24; latitude 49°34' N., longitude 49°13'W.; depth 1,622 m.; dynamic height 970.841 0 12.71 33.85 0 12,71 33.85 25.57 24 6.41 34.50 25 6.30 34.51 27.15 49 3.88 34.68 50 3.85 34.68 27, f6 74 3.32 34,71 75 3.30 34.71 27, f 6 98 3.23 34,77 100---- 3.20 34.77 27, n 147 3.13 34,79 150.... 3.15 34.79 27.72 196 3.17 34,82 200.... 3.15 34.82 27.75 294 3.25 34,84 300--.. 3.25 34.84 27.75 391 3.24 34,85 400---- 3.25 34.85 27.76 583 3.16 34,84 600---. 3.20 34.84 27.76 773 3.21 34,86 800.... 3.20 34,86 27.78 972 3.11 34,85 1,000.- 3.15 34.85 27.77 1,482.-- 3.18 34,88 Station 5689; Aug. 24; latitude 49°59' N., longitude 49°00' W.; depth 1,788 m.; dynamic height 970.863 0 11,84 26 7,46 52 3,72 78 3,52 104 3,24 154 3,22 206 3,30 310 3,20 408 3,26 607 3,23 804 3,23 1,010--. 3,17 1,534... 3,27 33,13 33,91 34,66 34.71 34.75 34.78 34.82 34.84 34.86 34.86 34.86 34.86 34.91 0--.. 25--. 50... 75 .. 100.. 150.- 200- - 300.. 400.. 600.. 800.- 1,000 11.84 7.55 3.75 3.55 3.25 3.20 3.30 3.20 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.20 33.13 25.19 33.88 26.48 34.60 27.51 34.70 34.74 34.77 34.82 34.84 34.86 34.86 34. 86 34.86 27.61 27.67 27.71 27.74 27.76 27.77 27.77 27.77 27.78 Station 5690; Aug. 25; latitude 53°43' N., longitude 55°49'W.; depth 130 m.; dynamic height 1,454.985 0 7.33 28.61 0 7.33 28.61 22.38 25 -0.79 32.55 25 -0.79 32.55 26.18 51 -1.45 32.76 50 -1.45 32.76 26.37 76 -1.54 32.81 75 -1.50 32.81 26.42 102 -1.58 32.85 100.... -1.60 32.84 26.44 Station 5691; Aug. 25; latitude 53°50.5' N., longitude 55°35'W.; depth 218 m.; dynamic height 1,454.953 0 7.37 28.90 0 7.37 28.90 22,60 25 -0.53 32.47 25 -0.53 32.47 26,11 50 -1.43 32.77 50 -1.43 32.77 26.38 75 -1.48 32.90 75 -1.48 32,90 26.48 100 -1.40 33.08 100---- -1.40 33,08 26.63 151 -1.36 33.33 150--.- -1.35 33,33 26.83 201 -1.02 33.74 200---- -1.05 33,73 27.14 Station 5692; Aug. 26; latitude 53°53.5' N., longitude 55°26' W.; depth 178 m.; dynamic height 1,454.912 0 7.47 29.78 0 7.47 29.78 25 -0.13 32.60 25 -0.13 32.60 50 -1.30 33.02 50 -1.30 33. 02 75- -1.38 33.17 75 -1.38 33.17 101 -1.36 33.31 100---- -1.35 33.31 151 -1.18 33.64 150.--. -1.20 33.64 23.27 26.20 26.58 26.70 26.81 27.08 157 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1954— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, (00 Scaled values Tern- Depth, pera- meters ture, ' C. Salin- ity, 7oo Station 5693; Aug. 26; latitude 54°04' N.; longitude £5°04' W.;depth 165 m.; dynamic height 1,454.910 23.98 26.43 26.47 26.60 26.68 26.98 Station 5694; Aug. 26; latitude 64°10.5' N., longitude 54°54'W.; depth 178 m.; dynamic height 1,454.891 0 7.94 30.75 0 7.94 30.75 25 _ -1.34 32.84 25 -1.34 32.84 50 -1.49 32.89 50 -1.49 32.89 75 -1.47 33.05 75 -1.47 33.05 99 -1.42 33.14 100--.. -1.40 33.14 149 -1.33 33.50 150.... -1.35 33.51 0 7.99 30.87 0 7.99 30.87 24.06 25 -0.29 32.66 25 -0.29 32.66 26.25 50- -1.42 33.07 50 -1.42 33,07 26.62 76 -1.40 33.27 75 -1.40 33.27 26.78 101 -1.39 33.43 100---- -1.35 33.43 26.91 151 -1.09 33.68 150.... -1.10 33.68 27.11 Station 5695; Aug. 26; latitude 54°28' N., longitude 54°24'W.; depth 220 m.; dynamic height 1,454.911 0 7.34 30.95 0 7.34 30.95 24.22 25 -0.22 32.57 25 -0.22 32.57 26.18 50 -1.25 32.90 50 -1.25 32.90 26.48 75 -1.37 33.07 75 -1.37 33.07 26.62 100 -1.36 33.24 100-.-- -1.36 33.24 26.76 151 -1.29 33.51 150---- -1.30 33.51 26.98 201 -1.06 33.67 200.-.. -1.05 33.67 27.10 Station 5696; Aug. 26; latitude 54°46' N., longitude 53°51' W.; depth 329 m.; dynamic height 1,454.843 25 50 75 100 150 201 301 6.42 31; 50 0 ■ 6.42 31.50 3.46, 32.87 | 25 3.46 32.87 -0.30 33.19 50 -0.30 33.19 -0.59 33.46 75 -0.59 33.46 -0.41 33.62 100.-.- -0.41 33.62 0.27 34.00 150..-. 0.27 34.00 0.87 34.19 200-.-- 0.90 34.19 2.15 34.41 300---- 2.15 34.41 26.17 26.68 26.91 27.04 27.30 27.42 27.51 Station 5697; Aug. 26; latitude 54°52' N., longitude 53°38' W.; depth 657 m.; dynamic height 1,454.754 0 24... 48... 71... 95-.- 143- . 190.. 285.- 372.. 574.. 4.80 1.30 -0.33 0.11 0.68 1.82 2.53 3.34 3.70 3.79 32.80 33. 39 33.66 33.86 34.06 34.35 34.49 34. 66 34.72 34.83 0--.- 25... 50... 75... 100- 150.- 200- . 300-- 400- - (600) 4.80 32.80 25.98 1.15 33. 40! 26.77 33.671 27.07 33.89 34.10 34.38 34.51 34.67 34.74 34.84 -0.30 0.20 0.80 1.95 2.65 3.45 3.75 3.80 27.22 27.35 27.50 27.55 27.60 27.62 27.70 Station 5698; Aug. 26; latitude 54°59' N.; longitude 53°24' W.; depth 1.719 m.; dynamic height 1,454.689 0 25 50 76 100..-. 150.... 200--.. 300..-. 377.... 565.... 754.... 946..-. 1,432.. 6.94 33.27 0 6.94 33.27 7.63 33.73 25 7.63 33.73 2.09 34.05 50 2.09 34. 05! 1.87 34.29 75 1.87 34. 29; 2.42 34.48 100--.. 2.42 34. 48; 3.58 34.75 150--.. 3.58 34.75 3.63 34.78 200.--- 3.63 34.78 3.59 34.79 300---. 3.59 34.79 3.50 34.84 400---. 3.50 34.84 3.50 34.83 600--.- 3.50 34.84 3.53 34.88 800---. 3.55 34.88 3.50 34.88 1,000-- 3.50 34.88 3.37 34.86 (1,500) - 3.35 34.86 26.09 26.35 27.22 27.43 27.53 27.65 27.66 27.68 27.73 27.73 27.75 27.76 27.76 Station 5699; Aug. 26; latitude 55°02' N., longitude 53°14' W.; depth 2.103 m.; dynamic height 1,454.646 0...- 25... 50... 74... 99... 149.. 198- . 297.- 378... 563.. 745.. 924.- 1,413 1,920. 7.87 7.48 3.46 2.68 3.83 3.40 3.21 3.18 3.23 3.37 3.37 3.39 3.31 3.06 33.70 33.80 34.12 34.24 34.63 34.73 34.75 34.82 34.84 34.87 34.89 34.89 34.90 34.92 0 26.... 60-.-. 75..-- 100--- 160.- 200--- 300--- 400... 600... 800... 1,000. 1, 500. (2,000). 7.87i 7.48 3.46 2.70 3.80 3.40 3.20 3.20 3.25 3.35 3.35 3.40 3.30 2.95 33.70! 26.30 33.80 26.42 34.12 27.16 34. 24 1 27.32 34.641 27.54 34.73 27.66 34.75! 27.69 34.82 34.84 34.87 34.89 34.89 27.76 27.76 27.77 27.78 27.78 34.90 27.80 34.92 27.85 Station 5700; Aug. 26; latitude 55°14' N.. longitude 5251' W.; depth 3,113 m.; dynamic height 1,464.639 0 26 50 75 101.-.- 151..-. 201-.-. 302..-- 381...- 575.... 771.-.. 971.--- 1,480-. 2,006- . 2,536-. 2,981.. 8.09 7.74 2.36 2.90 3.25 3.56 3.66 3.42 3.40 3.14 3.16 3.20 3.14 3.27 2.76 1.79 33.70 33.69 34.22 34.56 34.68 34.78 34.82 34.83 34.85 34.84 34.84 34.86 34.86 34. 925 34.93 34.89 0 25 60 76 100--.- 150-..- 200-..- 300. - - - 400---- 600.-.. 800.-.- 1,000.. 1,500-- 2,000-. 2,500.- 3,000.. 8.09 33.70 7.741 33.69! 2.351 34.22 2.90[ 34.66 3.26; 34.68( 3.55 34.78, 3.55 34.82 3.45' 34.83 3.40; 34.85; 3.16 34.84i 3.20, 34.86, 3.201 34.86! 3.15! 34.86! 3.30! 34.92' 2.801 34.93] 1.76 34.88 26.26 26.30 27.34 27.57 27.62 27.67 27.71 27.72 27.75 27.76 27.78 27.78 27.78 27.82 27.86 27.91 158 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1954— Continued Observed values Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity °/oo Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- it par ber the mo pos the Bai Eu by 10 in ( 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53' 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° Figure 7 — Surface isotherms for the period 1-15 June 1955. 381304 O - 56 (Face p. 2) No. 7 I the ( Baj ( inf( ( the ( Sea _ ( tioj hai I cha Evt cha shi] Cei sea ave ave sho 195' 195 195: 195; 195 Th^ par bar the mo pos the Bai Eu: by 10 in ( 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° ._ Fiyure 8— Surface inothcrms for the period 16-SO June WSr,. 38i304 o -56 (Face p. z) No. I the ( Baj infi ( the ( Sea _ ( tio] hai I cha Eve cha shii Cei sea av€ ave sho 195' 195 195: 195. 195 Th. par ber the mo pos the Bai Eu; by 10 in ( bered by a few bergs and very light concentrations of sea ice on the Grand Banks; track F, while in effect after 15 May, was clear of ice. The Strait of Belle Isle route, Track G, was navigable with caution by 12 June. An earliei* opening of this route was prevented by heavy pack blocking the eastern approaches to the strait, although the strait itself was essentially free of field ice by the last of May. Shipping routes to ports in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the St. Lawrence River were clear by 16 April, except for occasional patches and strings of sea ice. The ice threat to the shipping lanes in the Grand Banks area was considered negligible by 10 July. Numerous bergs still existed inside the 1,000 fathom curve off Newfoundland north of the 49th parallel, but their set and drift and high melting rate eliminated them as dangers to the shipping lanes in the Grand Banks area. Broadcast of ice bulletins ceased and the International Ice Patrol office at Argentia Avas closed on 15 July. However, at the request of Com- mander, International Ice Patrol, the U. S. Coast Guard Air Detach- ment at Argentia made several postseason aerial reconnaissances to prevent the undetected drift of any stray berg into the shipping lanes. AERIAL ICE OBSERVATION The U. S. Coast Guard Air Detachment at Argentia utilized three PBlG (B-17) type aircraft, supplemented occasionally by one UF type aircraft, to carry out the aerial ice observation program for the International Ice Patrol in 1955. During the season 60 flights were made. The average length and duration of these flights were 942 miles and 7.0 hours, respectively. The longest flight was 1,585 miles in length. The absence of ice on the east slope of the Grand Banks and in the Flemish Cap area permitted the average flight length to be shorter than normal. As in previous years, all the ice patrol aircraft were equipped with loran receivers and radar, the former being the primary means for navigating the aircraft and the latter for the detection of ice under conditions of low visibility. Identification of radar targets was accom- plished by closing the range until the target was sighted visually. Because of low ceilings this was not always possible. The usual flight plan covering the search area was a system of parallel lines spaced at 25-mile intervals. Flights were normally made only on days when the weather forecast promised success in visually searching a major portion of the area to be scouted. Flight statistics for the season are preseiited in the following table: Table I —AERIAL ICE OBSERVATION STATISTICS FOR THE 1955 ICE SEASON Month February (24-28). March AprU May June --- July (1-15) Total for 1955. Number of flights 60 Number of days on which flights made Number of days good observing weather i 56 Average visual effective- ness 2 Percent 90 56 75 61 36 Maximum number days between flights Miles flown 860 5,846 12, 534 16, 175 14, 237 6,861 56, 513 Hours flown 5.5 42.7 92.7 117.0 108.6 52.8 419.3 1 Days on which possible to search visually at least 50 percent of scouting area. 2 Ratio of area actually searched visually to area planned to be searched. COMMUNICATIONS Commander, International Ice Patrol communicated with shipping during the ice season through U. S. Coast Guard Radio Argentia (NIK) and with various interested shore establishments by means of the teletype net. At 0048 and 1248 G. M. T. daily, ice bidletins were broadcast to shipping on 155, 5320 and 8502 kilocycles. Each bulletin was broad- cast twice, once at 15 words per minute and a second time, after a 2-minute interval, at 25 words per minute. All bulletins were con- cluded with a request that all shipping in the ice patrol area report to NIK all ice sighted, and weather and sea temperatures every 4 hours. Cooperation by shipping was very good in this regard. Merchant ships worked NIK on 425, 454, 468 or 480 kilocycles or their assigned frequency in the 8-megacycle band. NIK worked on 432 or 8650 kilocycles. By means of the teletype net ice bulletins were sent at 0030 and 1230 G. M. T. to the U. S. Navy Hydrographic Office, Washington, D. C, the Canadian Department of Transport, Halifax, N. S. and the Roj^al Canadian Navy Radio Station, Albro Lake, N. S. During the 1955 ice season NIK sent or received 12,285 radio mes- sages and 11,740 landhne messages. Statistics concerning the reports received during the season are as follows: Number of ice reports received from vessels 607 Number of vessels furnishing ice reports 200 Number of sea surface temperatures reported 7297 Number of vessels furnishing sea surface temperatures 433 Number of vessels requesting special information 59 Number of weather reports relayed to Observer, Washington 1441 Total number of vessels worked 490 The percentage distribution of reporting vessels by nationahty was as follows: Percent Nationality of total Great Britain 29. 7 United States of America 19. 2 Germany 7. 8 Sweden 7. 1 Norway 5. 9 Panama 3. 7 Netherlands 3. 3 Italy 3. 3 Li beria 3. 1 Portugal 3. 1 Canada 2. 2 France 2.2 Others (14 nations) 9. 4 ICE CONDITIONS— 1955 JANUARY-FEBRUARY The first ice reported in 1955 to the International Ice Patrol was a berg in 56°27' X., 50°37' W. on 10 February. No other bergs were reported during January or February. No field ice was reported in the Grand Banks area during January. Aerial reconnaissance on 27 Februar}^ found the southern and eastern field ice limits to be a line running from Baccalieu Island to 48°30' N,, Sl'^lO' W., to 50°00' N., 52^00' W., to 51°10' N., 51°10' W. tAARCH No bergs drifted south into the Grand Banks area until the last part of March. By the last of the month only 10 bergs and several growlers had penetrated south of the 48th parallel, and none of this ice reached south of latitude 47°13' N. or east of longitude 50°33' W. The field ice limits progressed south and east thi'oughout the month. On the 30th these limits were a line running from Baccalieu Island to 47°25' N., 50°30' W., to 48°00' N., 49°00' W., to 48^30' N., 48°50' W., to 48°50' N., 48°50' W. In the Gulf of St. Lawrence area, the steamer track from Cabot Strait to Gaspe Passage was clear throughout the last 3 weeks of March, except for occasional strings and patches of scattered floes and loose slob ice. To the southwest of this track and in the St. Lawrence River heavy concentrations of field ice persisted to the end of the month. The distribution of ice reported in Alarch in the Grand Banks area is shown graphically in figure 9. APRIL More bergs entered the Grand Banks area in April than in any other month of the 1955 ice season. That the ice season would be light was foreshadowed by the fact that only 32 bergs drifted south across the 48th parallel during the month. It was of interest that none of these 32 bergs were carried by the Labrador Current down the east slope of the Grand Banks or east toward the Flemish Cap area. Instead, they drifted into positions along the east and south coasts of the Avalon Peninsula and in the central and northwestern sectors of the Grand Banks where they eventually broke up and melted. The field ice limits of the previous month advanced during April to the east, south and around Cape Race to the west. The most easterly extension of the field ice limits for the month and for the entire season was attained in the first week of April in position 47°30' N,, 47°30' W. The most southerly field ice limits for the month and for the entire season lay along latitude 45°10' N. south of the Avalon Peninsula during the last few days of April. Easterly winds prevailing after 12 April drove the pack against the east coast and westward along the south coast of the Avalon Peninsula as far as longitude 54°40' W. St. John's harbor was blocked by pack ice on 12, 13, and 25-30 April, inclusive. North of the Grand Banks area a strip of field ice 20 to 40 miles wide lay along the shoreline between Cape Bonavista and Cape Bauld until the 25th, after which the southern end of the strip narrowed somewhat. Approximately 50 bergs were counted in this pack. Heavy pack blocked the Strait of Belle Isle throughout the month. The pack in the southwest half of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and in the St. Lawrence River rapidly broke up during the first 2 weeks of the month. By 16 April all routes to ports in the gulf and in the St. Lawrence River were essentially free of ice, except the Strait of Belle Isle route. The distribution of ice reported in April in the Grand Banks area is shown graphically in figure 10. MAY Only 14 bergs drifted south across the 48th parallel during May. As in the previous month, no bergs were carried by the Labrador Current down the east slope of the Grand Banks or east into the Flemish Cap area, and all the bergs entering the Grand Banks area in May drifted into positions along the east and south coasts of the Avalon Peninsula and in the central and northwestern sectors of the Grand Banks. A few others were stranded in Trinity Bay and Conception Bay. The most westerly and southerly berg positions reported during the ice season were as follows: 46°33' N., 55°25' W. on 12 May and 44°26' N., 52°05' W. on 14 May, respectively. The field ice limits in the Grand Banks area receded northward from latitude 45°10' N. on 1 May to the latitude of Cape Freels on 31 May. Strong easterly winds occurring in the first part of the month drove the field ice limits to the most westerly longitude of the ice season, 56°40' W., between the south coast of Newfoundland and the 46th parallel. The field ice south of Newfoundland and along 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° - J^^" ,' / \W1\1W1"» 42° .#'^: 'I'yiifi , "'l""i'i,„ •ICE MAR CHART CH I 955 40° "^f- "T5^ "V„ 39° iiiltiiiW'^^ >**' >* 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° PUjure .9 — Ice conditions, March 195.5. Figures indicate day of month ice was si{/hted or reported. 381304 0-56 (Face p. 6) No. 1 32 hi of th. they^ Penii Bank Th to th easte seaso 47°3( the e Penii after the si St. J( inclui Nc lay a the 2 Appr bloct Th the £ the r St. L Belle Th is sh( Or As ii Curr into area of th of th Cone repo] on 11 Tl from 31 A moni the i and 1 59° 58° 57° 56° 55°^.^ ^^^° ^^° _52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° Figure 10 — Ice conditions, April 1955. Figures indicate day of month ice wtis sighted or reported. 381304 0-56 (Face p. 6) No. i 32 b of tb they Peni Banl Tl to t] east( seasc 47°3 the ( Peni after thes St. J incli] N. lay 8 the 5 App bloc] Tl the i the : St. 1 Belh Tl is sh Oi As i Curi into area of tl of th Con( repo on 1 T] from 31 1^ mon the i and 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° , 52° 51° 50" 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° Fiyurc 11 — Ice conditions. May 1S55. Figures indicate day of month ice was sighted or reported. 381304 0-56 (Face p. 6) No. 3 32 b of tt they Peni Ban] Tl to t] east( seas( 47°3 the Peni aftei thes St. J inck N. lay I the^ App blod T] the ; the : St. ] Bell( T] is sh O] As i Curi into area oft! of tt Cont repo on 1 T] from 31 ^ mon the J and 49° 59° 58° 5r 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° . ' /-: *i GENERAL : i^rJ«?tASlCE PATKC ■^^f^^^'^i GRAND CHART jt JL areaI THE S lANKS -• '- i::Er ; 0 GRAND BANKS / ' - 41 AA' '•'■■^..2 . - — • - ' ^ \ ,/ ~^; ' 4 '-■^ ' ^ '"■■■ ^- ■ ' ; '~~'T--- ,' 4< 4,?° \ ~,^-^ ,/■' > ■ r ' ^ ^ _^ - ' ' 4>. 4?° «»f"i"" ""l"«/0»y *■ ""K 41° l-l ^^% \ 4i f-l ICE CHART 41 \ ' ^" JUN E IS55 40° "\> ""'»»/i,u Irnluil"'* \y 40 39° 39' 5 9° 5 B° 5 7° 5 6° 5 5° 5^ 1° 5 3° 5 1° 5 5( 3° 4£ 3° 4{ 3° 47 » 4f 3° 45 44 43 ° Figure 12— Ice conditions, June 1955. Figures indicate day of month ice was sighted or reported. 381304 o - 56 (Face p. 6) No. 4 32 b of tl they Peni Ban] TI to t] east( seas( 47°3 the Peni aftei the? St. J inch lay £ the^ App bloc- Tl the t the St. 1 Bell( T] is sh O] As i Cun into area of tl of tl Coni repo on 1 Tl from 31 J mon the i and the east coast of the Avalon Peninsula was not very heavy and melted so rapidly that by 18 May there was none left south of the latitude of Cape St. Francis. St. John's harbor was blocked by close pack from 10-14 May, inclusive. North of the Grand Banks area a strip of close pack ice 10 to 40 miles wide extended northward along the coastline from Togo Island beyond Belle Isle during the entire month. Many bergs were dis- tributed throughout the length of this pack. By the middle of May the Strait of Belle Isle was almost clear of field ice, but heavy pack blocking the eastern entrance of the strait kept this route closed to navigation for the remainder of the month. The distribution of ice reported in May in the Grand Banks area IS shown graphically in figure 1 1 . JUNE Except for several small bergs stranded close inshore along the east and south coasts of the Avalon Peninsula the Grand Banks area was clear of ice during the first 3 weeks of June. After the 21st of the month several bergs moved south across the 49th parallel four of them between longitudes 48°35' W. and 51°10' W., the remainder close inshore along the east coast of Newfoundland where they stranded. This ice was in the van of about 200 bergs released by the breakup of the Labrador pack in May and June into the area inside the 1,000-fathom curve between the Grand Banks and the latitude of the Strait of Belle Isle. Except for five small bergs which stranded m the bays along the east coast of the Avalon Peninsula none of these 200 bergs ever reached as far south as the 48th parallel ' Seasonal warming of the sea surface, prevailing southerly wind components and the weakness of the Labrador Current combined to prevent their advance south of that fine. By 13 June almost no field ice remained south of the main steamer knes approaching the Strait of Belle Isle from the east-northeast However, heavy patches of field ice from the disintegrating pack off Labrador remamed just to the north of that route inside the 1 000- fathom curve almost to the end of June. ' _ The distribution of ice reported in June in the Grand Banks area is shown graphically in figure 12. JULY-AUGUST During July and August the Grand Banks area was clear of ice except for four or five small bergs in the extreme northerly sector between the 49th and 52d meridians. No bergs crossed the 48th parallel during this period. In the area off Newfoundland inside the 1,000-fathom curve between the Grand Banks and the latitude of Belle Isle, the number of bergs dwindled from about 100 on 1 July to about two dozen on the last day of August. 381304 — 56 2 7 SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER Except for a small berg in Bonavista Bay, no bergs were reported south of the 50th parallel m September or October. Approximately six bergs were reported during this period between the 50th and 52d parallels inside the 1,000-fathom cm-ve off Newfoundland. NO VEMBER-DECEMBER No ice was reported in November or December. TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955 No. Date Feb. 10 Feb. 11 Feb. 16 ..do.. Feb. 22 Feb. 27 Name of vessel OSV BravO- ....do Swiss Aii'lines. Hydro USCG aircraft. .do- Ice Patrol plane - .d0- Mar. 1 Mar. 2 Mar. 4 ...do.--. ...do-... ...do..-. ...do.-.. ...do... .do.-. ..do. Mar. 7 Mar. 9 ...do ...do.-- Dettifoss. Lyngenfiord Ice Patrol plane. ....do ....do ....do ....do ...do. ...do- ....do--- Godafoss. Ice Patrol plane. North latitude West longitude 56 27 50 37 56 29 50 49 Area ta the vicinity of 50 00 1 53 00 WNW of a line from 51 00 1 52 00 to 49 00 1 51 00 From Baccalieu Island to Cape Bonavista and 40 miles seaward. ^West and north of a line from Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland to Description 48 30 50 00 51 10 to 51 10 52 00 51 10 Between Baccalieu Island and Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, 48 37 50 25 1 48 to North and west of a line from Baccalieu Island to 48 05 I 52 00 Between Grates Point and Cape Bonavista, New- foundland. West of a line from 49 15 49 40 to 50 20 52 00 50 45 I 51 55 ' 48 23 1 50 20 /North and west of a line from Baccalieu Island to Canadian Dept. of Transport. do... 47 50 47 50 48 40 52 35 52 00 50 00 thence north. Northumberland Strait to West Point, Prince Ed- ward Island to Bay Chaleur. North side Bay Chaleur to Gaspe Harbor. Medium berg. Medium berg and growler. Large floes, up to 20 square miles. •Field ice. Patches of broken field ice. iScattered to broken field ice. Patches of scattered field ice. Light ice floes. Three heavy pieces field ice. Small berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. ■Scattered to broken field ice. Scattered to close field ice. 'Scattered to close field ice. Field ice. iScattered to broken field ice. 90 percent cover, field ice. Clear. TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued Date Mar. 9 ..do__.. Mar. 10 Name of vessel Canadian Dept. of Transport. ...do. ..do^ ..do. _do. North latitude West longitud e Gaspe Harbor to South- west Point, Anticosti Island to ■18 50 I 02 50 48 50 1 fr2 50 to Magdalen Islands to St. Paul Island. Along west coast Cape Breton Island. Northumberland Strait Inside line from 63 40 to Mar. 11 Mar. 12 Mar. 18 do Mar. 14 Mar. 15 . .do ...do. ... ...do. . .do. ...do- ... ...do. --- . .do. ... ...do. ... ...do- Mar. 16 ..do. Mar. 17 . do . do do do ...do- Mar. IS do Mar. 19 . do. ..do. ... -.do. — ...do. ... Dutch aircraft - . . Arctic Prowler Hjordis Thorden Arctic Prowler ....do Invicta Ranenf jord Canadian Department of Transport. .. .do do__- do do do ...do Arctic Prowler. Ice Patrol plane . ....do USCGC Bibb ....do Caunavon USCGC Bibb ____do Hydro Arctic Prowler ....do ....do ....do Canadian Department of Transport. ....do .do. 10 48 20 Bonaventure Island to 47 10 54 20 53 00 48 32 51 50 52 30 46 08 48 30 & 40 ,50 15 53 30 50 00 .53 55 53 15 59 U 49 31 Northumberland Strait .\long coast, West Point to North Point, Prince Edward Island, and to limit 35 mile visibility. South side Bay Chaleur Gaspe Passage to 48 20 I 62 05 ■ 48 20 I 62 05 to Bird Rocks to St. Paul [ Island. .\long coast from Cape St. Lawrence to Pictou Harbor. Between Cape Smoky, Cape Breton Island and Ciboux Island. 52 40 I 53 18 'North of a line from Bac- calieu Island to 47 50 47 50 51 30 ,"■0 30 48 30 49 20 I 49 40 thence northward. 48 00 48 05 51 04 49 20 Along south shore of St. St. Paul Island. 54 35 54 35 54 17 54 17 Northumberland Strait West Point to North Point, P. E. I. to New Brunswick coast. Bonaventure Island to Magdalen Islands. Description ^Loo.se drift ice. Clear. Loose drift kv. 90 percent cover, field ice. lite field, 70 percent cover. Medium herg. Heavy field ice. Field ice. Heavy field ice. Field ice. Ice field, 2 mUes long. Field ice. 70 percent cover. Close pack. Do. •Small fields loose drift ice. ■Clear. Close pack ice. Loose drift ice. Heavy field ice. Scattered to broken field ice. Small patch field ice. 2 small bergs and many growlers. Large berg. Radar targets, probably field ice. Field Ice. E.xtensive field ice. Strips of field ice two mUes wide. 3 bergs. Heavy floe ice. 4 bergs Heavy floe ice. 90 percent cover. 100 percent cover. Numerous heavy pieces and new slob. TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. 87 Date Mar. 19 ..do Mar. 20 _-do-._,. ..do..... ...do ..do ...do ._do_.... ..do..... ...do ..do_.... ..do ...do..... Mar. 21 ...do Mar. 22 ...do. ...do. _..dO- ..do_ Mar. 23 ..do..... ..do _do. ...do..... ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do-... ...do._._. Mar. 24 ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do ...do..... ...do ...do ...do..... ...do-..-. ..do..-.. Name of vessel Canadian Department of Transport. do Ice Patrol plane do do do ...-do ....do ....do _.._do ....do ....do ...-do do BO AC plane. Orion USNS Sgt. Jonah E. Kelley. Vittangi do Hydro .do. ...do. ...do- ...do. .do. USCGC Spencer. Clary Thorden... USCGC Bibb-... USCGC Spencer. MATS plane Hydro do Ice Patrol plane.. do TWA plane MATS plane Ice Patrol plane.. do do do do do ....do. North latitude 45 31 47 00 46 20 51 20 51 57 52 35 52 55 53 04 53 11 50 40 50 43 51 15 52 55 47 45 53 20 50 20 48 23 48 00 47 26 West longitude Description 59 53 59 30 58 30 53 20 52 09 52 42 52 31 52 09 52 04 52 21 53 20 52 51 52 25 51 10 52 00 48 42 49 10 52 20 52 35 47 33 50 54 47 45 49 28 Southern two thirds Strait of Belle Isle. Northern one third Strait of Belle Isle. 48 24 51 54 50 25 52 55 52 40 53 16 North and west of a line from 48 15 48 55 50 45 52 05 51 10 51 33 52 00 52 05 51 03 I 51 00 51 20 52 30 52 45 47 37 47 40 47 55 47 55 47 56 50 00 50 35 50 45 47 55 47 57 50 00 50 00 47 55 48 02 48 03 48 14 48 36 48 42 50 40 51 35 52 30 62 00 50 05 51 20 50 40 49 26 49 12 49 36 50 35 50 00 51 36 52 17 46 30 49 51 52 14 51 40 51 53 51 47 51 45 51 46 North of a line from 47 55 47 50 47 20 to to 51 55 49 40 49 40 47 20 I 50 20 thence northward. i Edge pack ice. Ice field 5 miles by 20 miles. Small berg. Do. Medium berg. Do. Do. Large berg. Growler. Do. Do. Do. Scattered field ice. 90 percent cover field ice. Large berg. ^Heavy field ice. Growler. Scattered pieces field ice. Do. 60 percent cover. 90 percent cover. Berg. Do. Do. Field ice limits. One piece field ice. Heavy field ice. Scattered field ice. Do. Field ice. Belt field ice. Do. Small berg. Medium berg. 1 large, 1 small berg. Berg. Growler. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. iScattered to heavy field ice. 10 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued Date Mar. 24 _-_(io..._. .._do_ ..-do_ -do_ -do -do-.... .do_ -do. -do. --do-—. Mar. 25 ---do -.-do. ...do- --do- — do- Mar. 26 ---do -.-do.-— .--do .-.do -do- -do- Mar. 27 ---do --do ---do.--, -..do Mar. 28 -do. .do. .do. .do. Name of vessel Texas Canadian Department of Transport. Texas USNS Sgt. Jonah E. Kelley. Canadian Department of Transport. -...do- ..-.do. .do. .do. .do. do. USCGC Campbell. Vistafjord Mormacclm. Vistafjord.. - do Hydro USNS Col. WUIiam J. O'Brien. St. Johns Radio Canadian Department of Transport. do do .do. .do. Sangara. Fort Hamilton. ....do Sangara USNS Sgt. Jonah E. Kelley. Canadian Department of Transport. .do. -do. .do. .do- North latitude 47 36 47 40 West longitude 49 36 60 45 47 54 49 06 From 48 13 I 59 10 to 48 15 I 59 20 15 miles ofl P. E. I. to 48"'0O' N to Brion Island and Magdalens to East Point, P. E. I. to west coast Cape Breton Island, From Magdalens to 47 40 I 60 45 to Money Point. 5 to 15 miles ofl Money Point to Point Aconi. Sydney Harbor Sydney to Gabarus Bay IiJets. George Bay to East Point, P. E. I. From 48 45 I 62 30 to 10 miles north of St Paul Island. 47 50 49 22 48 00 48 15 48 01 48 38 50 30 50 00 49 46 49 42 49 40 St Paul Island, south shore. 1 mile east of St. Johns Harbor entrance. 1 and yy miles ofl St. Johns Harbor entrance. Eastern point lies at 47 52 I 60 25 Northumberland Strait From Cape North to Point Aconi and 20 miles seaward. Between 7 and 27 miles northeast of Flat Point. From 20 miles northeast of Bird Rocks to Gaspe Passage. Bearing 055 degrees dis- tance 6.5 miles from Cape Spear. 47 28 I 52 34 From 47 28 1 52 34 to 47 23 I 52 34 1.5 to 4 miles ofl Cape Spear. 46 09 I 59 33 5 miles north of North Cape to 47 40 I 60 10 to . 48 10 I 61 20 20 miles ofl west coast Cape Breton to . 47 10 I 61 20 20 miles north of North Point P. E. I. to 47 55 I 62 30 to Dead Man Island to 46 50 I 62 35 Cape Breton. From West Point, P.E.I, to a point 20 miles ofl North Pomt, P. E. I. Egmont Bay Description Field ice. Do. Do. Do. [•Field ice limits. Do. Close pack. Scattered drift ice. Navigable drift. Loose drift. Clear. Widely scattered small pieces field ice. [scattered heavy pieces field ice. Small pieces field ice. Heavy piece field Ice. Do. Loose slob ice. Growler. Large growler. Large ice field. Close pack ice. Do. 25 percent close pack ice, 20 mUes long. Widely scattered heavy field ice. Berg (same as No. 90). Large berg (same as No. 124). Several small growlers. Several growlers. Strip field ice 600 yards long North and east limits of field ice in Cabot Strait. 60 percent cover, field ice. Outside limits of ice fields, 60 percent cover. Continuous field heavy loose drift ice 3 to 10 miles wide. Full of close pack ice. n TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 134 135 Mar. 28 ...do Mar. 29 ...do..... ...do..... ...do ...do Mar. 30 ...do..... ...do ...do.... Canadian Department of Transport, do Summerside entrance. Island side of 50 17 50 40 47 40 46 30 Westward b Smoky and land. 47 13 47 14 47 26 47 47 47 52 47 55 48 04 48 08 48 08 49 30 50 06 50 40 47 09 47 11 47 12 47 13 47 14 47 17 47 18 47 19 47 20 47 24 47 26 47 27 47 37 47 39 47 40 47 40 47 40 47 40 47 47 47 47 47 48 47 50 47 52 47 53 47 53 47 57 47 57 48 01 48 03 48 05 48 08 48 08 48 09 48 12 48 17 48 21 North of a 1 ealieu . 48 00 < 48 30 i 48 50 f fr 1 50 40 1 I 49 30 47 23 47 23 47 24 47 33 47 39 47 19 47 26 47 33 47 45 47 45 47 52 47 13 harbor and Cabot Strait 48 00 54 35 52 28 59 46 Hween Cape St. Paul Is- 51 44 51 44 52 38 50 33 52 12 51 55 51 53 51 48 52 06 53 05 53 51 54 35 51 27 51 32 51 28 51 32 51 52 51 34 51 36 51 49 51 50 51 04 51 39 51 39 50 58 52 01 50 53 51 29 51 31 51 41 51 46 51 52 51 41 52 04 51 46 .50 41 52 20 51 51 52 31 52 07 52 28 51 06 51 09 52 22 50 59 .52 18 52 16 52 OS ne from Bac- sland to 49 00 .0 48 50 to 48 50 om 54 35 0 53 05 52 42 52 42 52 31 52 29 52 36 52 27 .52 31 52 29 52 30 52 29 52 37 52 48 Closed. Continuous loose drift ice 2 to 8 136 137 USCOC Spencer Arctic Prowler miles wide. Sonar contact, probable berg. Berg, growler, loose floe ice. 138 St. Johns Radio Growler. 139 Cabot Strait.. String close ice 5 miles wide. 140 do Large body field ice. 141 Caxton Berg (same as No. 125). 142 143 144 Ice Patrol plane do do Small berg (same as No. 141). Small berg. Do. 145 146 ...do ...do..... ...do ...do..... ...do ...do..... ...do do do do Do. Do. 147 148 149 150 do do.. do Arctic Prowler. Do. Do. Do. Berg. 151 152 do do Do. Do. 153 154 ...do -do.. Caxton .. do Small growler. Do. 155 .do... ...do - Do. 156 157 ...do..... ...do ...do..... ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do..... ...do Ice Patrol plane Caxton - Growler. Small growler. 158 159 160 Ice Patrol plane do Caxton Growler. Do. Small growler. 161 162 163 do Ice Patrol plane- Caxton -. Do. Growler. Small growler. 164 do - Do. 165 166 167 ...do ...do ...do.. . Ice Patrol plane do do Growler. Do. Do. 168 169 170 171 ...do ...do ...do..... ...do.... ...do.... ...do ...do. . do do do - do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 172 173 174 do do do. Do. Do. Do. 175 ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do.... .. do . do Do. 176 177 do.... do . . Do. Do. 178 do. Do. 179 180 do . ..do. Do. Do. 181 182 ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do.... ...do.-... ...do..... ...do... do do Do. Do. 183 do Do. 184 185 186 187 do do do do.. Do. Do. Do. Do. 188 189 190 ...do..... ...do.-.-. ...do Mar. 31 ...do-.... ...do ...do do do -. do Arctic Prowler Do. >Scattered to heavy field ice. ■ [strings loose floe ice. 191 Small berg. 192 Fort Hamilton Small berg (same asTS'o. 191). 193 Nova Scotia Small berg (same as!No. 143). 194 195 do do Berg and growlers. Two bergs. 196 do- do Large growler. 197 ...do ...do do Fort Hamilton Growler. 198 199 do do. Do. Do. 200 do.... --..do Do. 201 202 ...do Apr. 1 do. USN plane Do. Small berg (same as No. 191). 12 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued Date Apr. ..do.. ..-do_. ...do., .-.do.. ...do.. ...do.. -_.do_. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do., --.do.. ...do.. -do. .do. -do- .do- .do. .do. .do. .do. ...do- Apr. Apr. Apr. ...do- ...do- -..do- ...do- ...do. ---do. ...do- ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. Name of vessel .Nova Scotia do Ice Patrol plane - do do do do do do do .--.do do do do do do do do do USN plane Ice Patrol plane. do do do do do do do Nova Scotia. do do do do do do Canadian Department of Transport. North latitude -do- Berylstone Comandante Tenrerro. Irmingard ----do Comandante Tenreiro. Ice Patrol plane ..--do ...-do .-..do .---do .--.do _. .--.do ----do-.. 47 25 47 32 48 04 48 21 48 32 48 33 48 54 48 56 48 57 48 59 49 00 49 02 49 03 49 08 49 38 49 41 49 63 49 55 50 03 50 10 50 16 48 08 48 13 48 53 48 57 49 03 49 06 West longitude 51 37 52 30 53 06 52 44 52 24 52 53 51 33 52 44 51 40 52 45 51 03 51 48 51 46 50 43 53 05 53 00 52 56 52 58 52 33 53 50 52 39 52 59 52 58 51 20 51 18 51 21 51 18 Description Between Baccalieu Island and Cape Bonavista and extending westward to 48 16 I 53 14 West of a line from 48 50 50 30 51 20 to 47 53 47 M 47 56 47 56 47 56 48 02 48 03 fOn west and east coasts of Cape Breton Island from East Point to St. Paul Island to 47 10 46 20 59 30 59 10 45 50 I 59 30 to VCape Breton. /Eastward from Cape North to 46 45 I 59 30 to Flint Island to Scatari Light to 45 45 I 59 25 to 45 45 I 59 40 to 10 miles off Louisburg Light. 45 40 59 50 Berg (same as No. 146). Berg (same as No. 194) Small berg. Do. Medium berg. Small berg. Medium berg. Do. Small berg. Medium berg. Small berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Medium berg. Do. Berg. Small berg. Growler. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Close pack ice. Scattered to close pack ice. 51 10 48 56 Scattered field ice. 48 20 Light strings field ice. 48 35 Strings heavy field ice 48 38 Do. 48 48 Strings field ice. 47 49 Do. 47 46 Light strings field ice. 'Heavy field ice. 46 40 46 40 46 52 46 59 46 56 47 02 47 04 47 20 47 40 47 57 48 08 48 12 51 41 51 42 51 32 51 30 52 36 52 32 52 30 52 44 50 47 52 47 52 23 52 27 iHeavy drift ice. Heavy string field ice, 10 miles long, 1 mile wide. Berg (same as No. 142). Berg (same as No. 242). Berg (same as No. 203). Berg (same as No. 244) . Small berg. Do. Do. Do. Large berg. Small berg. Do. Do. 13 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 254 Apr. 4 Ice Patrol plane 46 55 52 15 Growler. 255 ...do do .. 46 56 47 00 51 28 51 26 Do. Do. 256 ...do....- do 257 ...do do 47 10 52 36 Do. 258 _-_do do 47 12 49 47 Do. 269 ...do... ... do. ... 47 16 47 26 47 36 47 50 49 46 52 39 49 56 50 04 Do. Do. Do. Do. 260 _..do .... do 261 _,_do do 262 ...do do 263 __.do TorrHead 46 43 47 22 Scattered heavv nieces field ice. North and west of a line from Motion Head to 46 45 1 50 55 to 48 30 1 50 05 264 -.do..... Ice Patrol plane Scattered to heavy field ice. thence north. 46 55 1 51 10 265 ...do Irmingard \ to 46 57 50 58 47 10 48 50 Field ice. 266 ...do..... Ice Patrol plane { to 47 25 1 47 27 267 ...do..... Canadian Department of Transport. Along east coast Caoe Bre- ton Island from Michaux Point to Scatari Island and 6 miles seaward. Continuous strings field ice. 268 ...do .... do .. ton Island from Scatari Island to Flat Point and 1 to 5 miles seaward. 269 ...do do Along east coast Cape Bre- ton Island from Flat Point 12 miles northeast- ward. Loose drift ice. 270 ...do do Along east coast Cane Bre- ton Island from Ciboux Island to Cape North. Along west coast Cape Bre- ton Island from 6 miles Narrow strip close pack ice. 271 ...do do 1 ofl Cape North to 46 17 1 61 58 ■Close pack ice. Along west coast Cape Bre- ton Island from 272 ...do.... ... do < 46 17 1 61 58 to Cape George. •Continuous loose drift ice. 273 _- do -- do Mainland side of North- umberland Strait from Loose dr-ift ice. Ahmet Shoals to Cape George. 274 Apr. 5 Ice Patrol plane 47 32 52 19 Small berg. 275 ...do do 47 33 50 22 Medium berg (same as No. 250). 276 ...do.... - do 47 49 52 14 Small berg. 277 ...do .. do 47 52 47 55 47 59 48 05 48 11 48 57 52 25 52 27 52 22 52 06 52 08 51 07 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Berg. 278 ...do .... do .. . 279 ...do .... do 280 ...do do 281 ...do.... . do 282 ...do.... Hydro . . 283 ...do ...do .... do . 49 21 49 40 51 30 52 25 Do. 3 bergs. 284 do 285 ...do.... do 50 07 50 09 50 10 50 25 51 00 51 54 54 10 53 43 53 05 54 55 55 20 54 47 Berg. Do. Do. Do. 3 bergs. Berg. 286 ...do.... do . 287 ...do .... do 288 ...do .... do 289 ...do.. . do 290 ...do do 291 ...do .... do - . . 52 10 52 12 52 25 52 32 52 40 52 45 54 13 54 27 54 28 54 41 55 17 55 20 55 25 55 39 54 58 55 20 54 05 54 45 55 30 54 45 54 28 55 05 54 37 56 35 55 35 58 20 57 32 57 25 Do. Do. Do. Do. 3 bergs. ^%o. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 292 ...do do 293 ...do.... .- do 294 ...do.... .... do 295 ...do do 296 ...do do 297 ...do.... do 298 ...do .... do ... . .. . 299 ...do do 300 ...do... do 301 ...do do . . 302 ...do do 303 ...do. . . .. do 304 ...do do 14 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 318 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 Date Apr. ...do_ .__do_ .-.do. ...do. .do- _do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do... .do.... .-do. -.do. Apr. ...do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. —do. —do. ..do. ..do- -_do. ..do. .-do. -.do. -.do. ..do. ..do- ..do- .-do_ -.do., -.do.. -do. Name of vessel Ice Patrol plane . do do Irmingard Ice Patrol plane. do USNS Golden Eagle-. , USNS Pvt. Jose F. Valdez. Canadian Department of Transport. do .do. do- -do- -do- .do- Ice Patrol plane. do do do do do do do do Mormacpine Ogna County Kristlna Thorden. Ogna County Ice Patrol plane... do -...do ....do ....do ....do .do- .do. Italia. Canadian Department of Transport. .do. North latitude 46 23 46 34 47 01 47 08 West longitude 51 59 51 43 51 43 49 58 Within 20 miles east coast Avalon Peninsula be- tween Cape Race and Cape Spear. (Motion Head to I 47 30 I 50 30 to I 49 00 I 50 40 (■ Northward from L 45 55 I 47 20 From Motion Head 5 miles south and 3 to 7 miles oiishoie. From Cape North to 47 03 I 59 54 Along east coast Cape Breton Island from Fourchu Light to Scatari Island. .\long east coast Cape Breton Island from Cape Morien to Ciboux Island to Cape North. [Along west coast Cape Breton Island from Cape I North to I 46 12 I 61 58 to [George Bay Along Nova Scotia coast from Cape George to Wallace Harbor. Western end of Northum- berland Strait. Chaleur Bay to Northum- berland Strait. Description Growler. Do. Do. 2 growlers. Several growlers. (Moderate to heavy concentra- tions field ice. IBelt of field ice 5 miles wide. Field ice. Heavy drift ice. Continuous field loose drift ice. Narrow strip close pack ice. Loose drift ice. Line of loose drift ice. Loose drift ice. Continuous field loose drift ice. 46 54 52 47 Small berg (same as No. 246). 47 09 52 49 Small berg (same as No. 248). 47 32 52 24 Small berg (same as No. 251). 47 35 53 04 Small berg. 47 36 52 26 Small berg (same as No. 276). 47 36 52 .30 Small berg (same as No. 277). 47 37 50 43 Berg (same as No. 275). 47 47 52 32 Small berg. 47 51 52 27 Do. 45 47 48 34 Stationary radar target possible growler. 46 09 51 21 2 growlers. 46 10 53 24 Growler. 46 12 52 00 Do. 47 03 52 40 Do. 47 05 52 38 Do. 47 06 51 18 Do. 47 14 51 35 Do. 47 18 52 14 Do. Along east ( oast --^-valou Close pack ice. Peninsula rom Motion Hea dtoBa ccalieu Island and 2 to 5 n liles seaward. Motion Head to [Light to heavy concentration 47 15 t 50 51 20 47 51 00 field ice. West of a line from 1 46 50 t 40 51 20 [widely scattered largeXpieces 47 50 50 field ice. 46 07 t 47 0 47 ipield ice. 46 09 47 24 1 Along east coast Cape Continuous slob ice. Breton I sland from Fou rchu Li ght to Scatari Island. Along east coast Cape Close pack ice. Bre on Isla nd from Flint Island to F at Foil It. 1 15 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date 344 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 Name of vessel Apr. .do. ..do. Apr. 7 ..do ...do..... ...do..... ...do ..do ...do..... ...do.... Apr. ..do. ..do. ...do. ...do. Apr. 9 ..do...- .-do..... Apr. 10 .do., -do- .do.. ..do. ..do. ..do. Canadian Department of Transport. .do. .do. USCGC Duane... Kristina Thorden. ....do City of Perth Brangajoekull Ogna County USCaC Duane... do. Esbjorn Gorthon. .-..do Canadian Department of Transport. .do. .do. Newfoundland - North latitude West longitude Along east coast Cape Breton Island from Point Aeoni to Cape North. Along west coast Cape Breton Island from Cape North to Cape George. Southern side of Northum- berland Strait from Cape George to Pugwash. 47 33 46 09 46 09 46 16 46 22 46 25 46 40 47 55 46 20 46 28 50 30 51 27 52 05 51 08 52 52 53 19 50 58 50 07 55 14 55 37 Description do USCGC Campbell.... USNS Sgt. Jonah E. Kelley. do - do do Newfoundland. USNS Sgt. Jonah E. Kelley. Newfoundland ..do..... ..do..... ..do.... ...do ...do..... ...do..... Apr. 11 ...do ...do...-- ...do.-.. ...do...-. ...do— -. ...do..... ...do...-. ...do...-, --.do.—. ...do..-. ...do...-. ...do...- ...do.... ...do..... USCGC Campbell USNS Sgt. Jonah E. Kelley. ...do --- Hydro-— - Newfoundland USCGC Campbell- Ice Patrol plane Hydro do do do do do Ice Patrol plane do. do Hydro do. -- do do do Along coast Cape Breton Island from 5 mUes off Scatari Island to 46 25 I 59 25 to 47 10 I 59 40 to 47 15 I 60 55 to 46 25 I 61 40 to ^ George Bay Northumberland Strait From 10 miles east of Tra- cadie to 5 miles ofl Cape d'Espair. 47 17 51 30 47 17 49 03 47 20 47 12 47 17 46 45 51 52 49 57 52 43 52 42 52 40 53 00 (From a point 2 miles out- \ side St. Johns to I 47 22 I 52 36 2 miles off North Head St. Johns Harbor. Between Ferryland Head and Cape Race. 46 33 I 53 40 Along east coast of New- foundland from Cape Race to Cape Neddick. Along east coast of New- foundland from Cape Neddick to Motion Head. St. Johns Harbor 47 16 48 50 47 33 47 50 47 58 48 06 48 07 48 21 48 30 47 02 47 04 47 28 Outside St. Johns Harbor. 47 40 I 52 38 47 50 52 57 47 52 53 35 48 07 I 53 28 52 39 50 01 50 30 52 43 52 41 52 43 53 20 52 50 52 56 52 37 52 35 50 27 Continuous loose drift ice. Continuous field loose drift ice. Continuous loose drift ice. Berg (same as No. 326). Growler. Do. Do. Do. Do. Scattered pieces field ice. Do. Growler. 3 unidentified radar targets, prob- able growlers. )Scattered fields heavy drift ice. Light to heavy concentrations drift ice. Continuous field drift ice. Widely scattered small pieces field ice. Scattered heavy pieces field ice. Scattered pieces field ice. Berg (same as No. 274). Growler. Do. Do. Open pack ice, occasional gi'owlers. Heavy concentrations field ice with scattered growlers. Many single pieces rafted slob ice. Widely scattered field ice. Loose concentrations field ice. Moderate concentrations field ice. Field ice moving into harbor. Brash ice. Do. Medium berg (same as No. 347). Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Growler. Do. Do. Many growlers. Growler. Do. Do. Do. 16 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued Date Apr. 11 -do. do. Name of vessel Ice Patrol plane. Hydro. do- ...do .do.,., .do.... .do. 398 ...do. ...do. ...do—. ...do—.. Apr. 12 ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do...-. ...do-—. ..do.- ..do.. ..do.- ..do.-... ...do..... Apr. 13 ..do.... ...do.— -.do.... ...do...-. ...do—.. ..do- .-do. ..do. -do. ..do. ...do. ...do. --do- Ice Patrol plane-.. .-...do... -.. Canadian Dept. Transport. do ..do- ..do- Ice Patrol plane, .-.do. ....do- ..--do. ..-.do. ---do. ....do- ....do. Cortona. Hydro Canadian Department of Transport. do. -do. USNS Sgt. Jonah E. Kelley. do do North Coaster. USNS Sgt. Jonah E. Kelley. Chepman USCQC Mackinac USN plane Fort Avalon.. USNS Sgt. Jonah E. Kelley. North Coaster Hydro Canadian Department of Transport. .-..do - North latitude West longitude From 47 20 I 52 45 to 48 10 I 48 50 to 48 40 I 48 50 St. Johns Harbor St. Johns Harbor and outer harbor extending sea- ward 5 miles. 47 40 48 05 48 12 I 48 15 20 miles south Cape Race to Father Point. Northumberland Straits from Point Prim to Woods Island to East Point. Indian Rocks... 5 miles northwest of Cape George towards Pictou Island. West Northumberland Straits and Chaleur Bay. West coast Cape Breton Island. 46 50 46 32 46 32 46 58 47 07 52 46 53 12 53 08 52 17 62 36 -Mong east coast Avalon Peninsula between lati- tudes 46 55N and 47 20N and 3 to 10 miles seaward. 46 20 I 47 34 St. Johns Harbor .\long shoreline east coast Cape Breton Island. Along west coast Cape Breton Island from 15 miles below Cape St. Lawrence to Inverness and 5 to 10 miles seaward. Northumberland Strait 47 25 52 42 47 29 52 39 47 34 52 38 Along east coast Avalon Peninsula at latitude 46 50N |.... .\long east coast .Avalon Peninsula and 5 miles seaward. From 46 16 I 52 59 northeastward and north- northwestward. From 46 19 I 52 58 to Cape Race. From 24 miles south of Cape Pine extending northeast. Along east coast Avalon Peninsula 2 miles off- shore. Along east coast Avalon Peninsula east of a line from Cape Spear to 47 27 I 52 32 to 47 20 I 52 40 Along east coast Avalon Peninsula from Cape Ballard 7 miles east- northeast. St. Johns Harbor West coast Cape Breton Island from Pleasant Bay to Sea Wolf Island. Northumberland Strait Description Moderate to heavy concentra- tions field )cp 60 percent cover. 100 percent block floe. Widely scattered small pieces field ice. Do. Occasional heavy pieces and strings. Isolated pieces field ice. Large piece field ice aground. Large field 1 to 5 miles wide, 15 miles long. Several isolated fields. Field ice. Small berg (same as No. 363). Growler. Do. Do. Do. Scattered strings to close pack field ice. Large patches brash ice. 100 percent rafted field ice. Slob ice. Loose drift ice. Scattered fields loose drift ice. Berg (same as No. 377) . Berg (same as No. 378). Berg. Several growlers. Widely scattered growlers. Heavy field ice. Field ice. Pack ice. Field ice. Field ice. Heavy strings field ice. 60 to 70 percent cover field ice. Narrow band close pack ice. Scattered patches loose drift ice. 17 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 Date Apr. 14 -.do ...do-— -do .do ...do.—. ...do-.-, .do-.-- -do-.— —do..-. 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 ...do ...do ...do...-. Apr. 15 ..do—, -.do Name of vessel Ice Patrol plane do — -do —.-do do —do —do do USCGC Mackinac Fort Hamilton Ice Patrol plane. .do. Sun Valley .do- .do. -do- Apr. 16 .-do..... Apr. 17 .-do..... .-.do..... .-.do..... USNS Col. William J. O'Brien. Mormacoak Hydro .do. .do- .do. ...do Apr. 18 ...do ...do ...do --.do ...do --.do—. ...do ...do..... --.do ...do—., --.do..... —do ...do-... ...do Vistafjord... Dundee Tidaholm... Arosa Kolm. Angusbrae... Tidaholm... Arosa Kolm. USN plane. - Olympia Arosa Kolm. Hydro Grootebeer . Arnsa Kolm G'^himbia USCGC Yakutat. do Fort Hamilton do USCGC Yakutat. Ice Patrol plane... do.... --.. do North latitude 46 36 46 54 47 22 47 28 47 38 48 02 48 04 48 10 46 13 miles Avalon West longitude 52 40 52 21 52 42 52 38 52 37 52 40 52 32 52 30 51 50 off east coast Peninsula be- tween Cape Spear and Cape Race. Along east coast Avalon Peninsula from 2 mUes oflshore at Cape Spear I ti 12 mOes offshore at Cape Race and e.\tend- ing S3uth to 46 00 I 53 20 Between Cape St. Francis and Baccalieu Island and seaward. From 46 57 to 60 10 46 11 59 42 South and west of a line from 50 03 1 53 30 to 50 20 I 55 46 to 50 30 1 55 40 to ni^rthwest tip of Groats Island. Along n'lrtbeast Coast of Newfoundland fr^m 7 miles offshore at latitude 51 CON to 3 miles off- shore at Great Harboui' Deep. Straits of Belle Isle from Armour Point to Battle Harbour and 0 to 15 miles offshore. From Cape Bauld to Description 51 10 54 12 55 05 to Goose Bay. 7 miles east Cape Bona- vista. Small berg (same as No. 402). Small berg (same as No. 322). Small berg (same as No. 413). Small berg (same as No. 414). Small berg (same as No. 415). Small berg. Small berg. Small berg. Growler. Field ice. Tongue of field ice with scattered growlers. Close pack field ice. Field ice. Groundedlberg (same as No. 428). Small floe. Heavy field ice. Do. ) Do. 2 growlers. Padar target, probable berg. Flat berg (same as No. 427). 3 growlers. Pieces of field ice. Field ice. Large patch field ice. Berg. Berg (same as No. 453). Berg. 2 bergs. 4 small growlers. Several growlers. Growler. 2 growlers. Growler. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do 18 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued Date Apr. 18 _..do___.. ._.do _..do __-do .do_ ___do..,_. ...do „.. ...do..... ...do..... ...do ...do...-. ...do..... Apr. 19 ...di... ...do...-. ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do.... ...do..... ...do.... ...do... ...do...- .do. ..do...-. ..do..-. ..do..... ...do..... ...do..... .do. Apr. 20 ...do..... ..do ..do ..do..... ..do..... ..do..... Name of vessel Ice Patrol plane. ....do ....do .do. .do_ -do- .dJ. .do. .-do do do... USN plane Arosa Star USCGC Yakutat... do Fort Hamilton Ice Patrol plane Manchester Spinner Ice Patrol plane Monsun Ice Patrol plane do Fort Hamilton Ice Patrol plane Marengo Torsbolm Monsun Marengo Ice Patrol plane -do-. Lismoria Classic Lismoria Beaverglen. do L'Aventure. .--do- -do- Trolleholm do Empress of Scotland. do do L' A venture Empress of Scotland. . -.do.. .do. .do. North latitude 46 35 46 40 46 55 47 15 47 23 46 10 47 00 47 00 West longitude From 52 52 52 53 52 50 52 40 52 40 From 52 50 to 47 40 I 52 00 From Cape Race to 46 40 I 51 30 thence north Between string field ice and Avaljn Peninsula. 45 10 45 49 46 05 46 12 46 16 45 15 45 20 45 47 46 04 46 45 47 04 47 13 47 27 45 25 45 26 46 04 45 50 From 6 miles off Cape Spear to 46 10 I 53 00 Inshore of a line from Cape St. Mary to 52 45 52 35 52 43 52 42 53 40 52 22 52 18 53 13 51 05 52 .53 52 42 52 43 52 40 52 15 54 11 50 41 50 48 46 00 45 10 46 20 47 30 45 12 45 23 45 26 45 26 45 30 46 23 to From 54 40 51 40 53 20 54 12 54 00 53 29 53 29 51 45 46 55 45 09 45 53 46 08 46 09 46 10 46 10 46 14 North of a line from From 52 08 52 47 46 09 46 08 45 56 46 23 From 46 09 I 52 34 north-northeastward. 46 08 I 52 45 north-northeastward. to 52 21 52 12 Description Growler. Do. Do. Do. Do. String heavy field ice }.« mile wide. Field ice limits. Limits widely scattered field ice. Many large ice floes. Scattered drift ice. Drift ice. Ice floes. Field ice. Scattered field ice. Small berg (same as No. 454) . Small berg (same as No. 482). Small berg. Berg. Medium berg (same as No. 440). Small berg. Berg (same as No. 429). Small berg (same as No. 429). Radar target, probable berg. Growler. Do. Unidentified radar target, prob- able growler. Tongue of heavy field ice. ■Widely scattered field ice. Scattered pieces field ice. Scattered field ice. Scattered pieces field ice. Large piece field ice. Do. ^Scattered pieces field ice. 51 45 J 52 00 Berg (same as No. 483) 50 25 Growler. 53 01 Do. 52 59 Do. 52 54 Do. 54 20 Do. 53 27 Do. >Scattered field ice. ^String of scattered field ice. ^String of heavy field ice. [string of field ice. 19 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. 514 515 516 517 518 619 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 584 535 536 537 538 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 552 553 654 556 557 558 559 Date Apr. 20 ...do. Apr. 21 ...do..— ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do .do. ...do. Apr. 22 ...do.— . ...do .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. .do. .do. Name of vessel Hydro. .do. Tramontana St. Cerque Newfoundland. do Invicta Ogna County... St. Michael do Newfoundland. do Ogna County. Newfoundland. Ogna County. Nova Scotia... North Britain. Newfoundland . Fort Hamilton. Nova Scotia Fort Hamilton. North Britain.. Newfoundland. . Capetan Ilias Ice Patrol plane. do Lyngenfjord. .do. Ogna County Stavangerfjord Empress of France. do do do do do do Nova Scotia Newfoundland. do do Nova Scotia. Newfoundland. do Nova Scotia. do Ice Patrol plane - North latitude West longitude From 5 miles offshore at Cape St. Francis and ex- tending eastward 10 miles to J-ij mile offshore at Cape Spear and ex- tending eastward 5 miles. In Conception Bay south and east of a line from Baccalieu Island to 3 miles west of Cape St. Francis to Harbour Grace. North from 45 40 I 52 00 East of a line from 46 56 I 52 43 to 47 19 I 52 38 thence northward. 46 52 46 53 46 53 46 54 46 54 52 51 52 50 52 48 52 49 52 49 Within 10 miles of the east coast Avalon Peninsula between Cape St. Fran- cis and Ferryland Head. 45 24 I 52 15 45 26 From I to 52 12 From I to 52 22 From 52 32 Along east coast Avalon Peninsula from Witless Bay to Cape Spear. 47 34 I 52 32 5 to 20 miles offshore east coast Avalon Peninsula from Cape St. Francis to south of limit of visibil- ity at latitude 47 OON. Description Field ice. Do. Berg. Berg (same as No. 485) . Berg (same as No. 486). Berg (same as No. 487). Scattered growlers. Growler. Scattered growlers. Growler. Do. Do. ! Field ice. ■Heavy field ice. Berg (same as No. 516). Berg (same as No. 517). Radar target, probable berg (same as No. 528). Berg (same as No. 529). Berg (same as No. 530). Berg (same as No. 518). Berg (same as No. 532) . Radar target, probable berg (same as No. 533). Berg (same as No. 534). Berg (same as No. 376). Berg (same as No. 536). 5 smaU bergs, several growlers (same as Nos. 430, 489). Scattered growlers and heavy pieces field ice. Many growlers. Growler. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Numerous growlers. Growler. Do. Do. String of growlers. Do. Scattered growlers and large pieces field ice. Growler. Tongue of close pack 5 to 30 miles wide. 20 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date Apr. 22 ...do_._. .-.do...- -.do--. ..do,-.-. ..do-.... -do- Apr. 23 ...do-.-. ..-do .-.do-.... .-.do-... .-do—.. ...do .-.do..... ...do ...do .-do-.... ...do Apr. 24 .-do ..do ..do —do .-do. -.do- --do. .-do- ..do. ..do- -do- .do- .do. .do..... .do-.... -do-... -do..... -do Apr. 25 .-do -do..... .-do..... --do..... ..do -.do -.do do Ice Patrol plane. Name of vessel Ice Patrol plane Stavanjerfjord do Empress of France. North Britain Hydro- -do. Prins Alexander BaskervUle do Ivinghoe Beacon Neptunia Baron Elibank BaskervUle Brangajoekull BaskervUle Neptunia BaskervUle .-..do Avonwood Elysia Geheimrat Sartori Saxonia USNS Pvt. Jose F. Valdez. Mormacelm . - - - - - Sunbeam Montcalm Geheimi-at Sartori. .--do .--do Nova Scotia Storfjeld Nova Scotia. do USNS Pvt. Jose F Valdez. Mormacelm St. Johns Radio Nova Scotia use GO Evergreen... Ice Patrol plane USCOC Evergreen.... do ----do -...do Storfjeld St. Johns Radio- North latitude West longitude Description Eastern half ConceptionBay From 45 47 45 55 46 00 46 11 From 51 34 51 53 51 55 52 23 to . 46 10 I 52 07 Along east coast Avalon Peninsula at latitude 47 12N 10 mUes off shore. In Conception Bay south of a line from Cape St. Francis to Carbonear Bay. Southeast half of Trinity Bay and Conception Bay 45 23 45 31 45 47 45 49 45 53 45 08 45 30 45 45 45 48 46 03 45 30 45 47 45 10 45 12 45 52 45 59 46 25 46 26 47 05 44 55 45 44 45 46 45 49 49 51 50 52 49 28 49 36 49 45 49 47 50 47 51 02 49 34 49 12 50 52 49 37 49 45 49 42 49 42 49 40 52 55 52 51 50 10 49 50 51 50 51 09 51 14 4 mUes south Cape Race. 6 miles north Cape Race . From 5 miles off Bull Head to 4 mUes off Renews Head. From 4 mUes off Renews Head to 46 44 1 52 52 SSE from Cape BaUard-. 46 52 52 00 St. Johns Harbor ap- proaches. From St. Johns to 47 22 52 36 46 16 53 08 48 47 53 22 46 14 52 04 46 14 53 14 46 18 53 14 From 46 26 I 53 29 to 46 19 I 53 27 Southwest Cape Race St. Johns Harbor entrance- West of a line from 48 10 I 52 40 to 48 40 49 15 to 52 20 53 20 Close pack. ^Scattered pieces field ice. Strings field ice. [■Scattered pieces field ice. Field ice. Heavy field ice. 90 percent cover. Berg (same as No. 527). Berg. Small berg and growler. Berg. Berg (same as No. 570). Growler. Do. Numerous growlers. Small growlers. Growler. 4 small pieces of field ice. 2 smaU pieces of field ice. Berg (same as No. 567). Radar target, probable berg. Do. Berg (same as No. 571). Berg (same as No. 531). Berg (same as No. 583) . Berg and growler (same as No. 537). Radar target, probable berg. Growler. Do. Do. Southern extent heavy but loosely packed field ice, with growlers in and around field ice. Shore lead 1 mile wide, close pack. Numerous growlers. Heavy but loosely packed field ice. Heavy field ice closing shore lead. Tongue of field ice and scattered small growlers. Ice tight to land. Loosely packed heavy strings and patches field ice. Berg. Do. Growler. Do. Do. Tongue field ice. Drift ice. Closed by heavy pack ice. Scattered strings to heavy pack ' field ice. 21 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 Apr. 26 ^.do _.do .__do ..do ..do ..do..... _.do ..do.-.. _.do_.... ..do..-.. _.do-.... ..do ..do.-.. Name of vessel _.do_ ..do. ..do..-. —do ..do..-. ...do-... .-.do..... ...do —do—. ...do..-. ...do..... ...do— . -.do... -do- -do.. -do. Apr. 27 ...do.-., —do-... —do.-.. — do-... —do...-, .-do..... .-.do..-. .-.do.... -do- .do. -.do .-do.-.. Apr. 28 Apr. 29 -.do -.do Apr. 30 ...do..... ..-do ...do..... .-.do Senhora do Mar- Corthion Beaverlake Captain Cook.,- Ice Patrol plane. Captain Cook... Mapledell Ice Patrol plane- do do L'-4^ venture do lee Patrol plane. Beaverlake CaDtain Cook. Triland Mapledell Ice Patrol plane. do do do do do do do .do -do. -do. .do. Mapledell. Ice Patrol plane Triland Antonio Paseoal La Ensenada Triland USCGC Humboldt. Ice Patrol plane do -do- .do. Triland. USCGC Humboldt. North latitude 44 45 44 56 45 09 45 10 45 33 45 37 46 17 46 25 46 25 46 40 46 51 46 52 47 40 45 37 45 38 46 14 West longitude 46 17 46 27 46 30 46 38 46 42 46 44 46 50 46 53 Motion Bay From 46 30 1 to 1 From I to 50 23 .50 28 51 15 51 10 50 20 49 39 53 17 50 38 50 50 53 00 50 00 50 14 53 00 49 47 49 46 53 00 53 27 53 00 52 53 53 00 52 56 52 58 52 40 52 50 Description 46 '30 40 30 47 30 to 47 50 I Conception Bay_ 45 20 I From 53 30 52 50 52 50 52 40 52 30 52 20 46 21 46 21 44 45 44 54 44 55 45 39 46 16 46 20 46 29 46 34 53 28 53 41 50 22 51 22 51 26 52 52 53 31 53 46 50 10 50 28 ( North of a line from 46 30 46 20 to 53 40 52 30 -do- Empress of Australia. -- Kildale Joao Alvares Fagundes. Hydro Blairspey Ice Patrol plane. do do..- do West of a line from 46 55 to 1 From 52 30 52 30 46 16 46 18 46 18 53 31 53 51 54 08 and northward. 46 19 46 10 44 59 46 33 St. Johns proaches 45 23 51 52 48 54 08 51 07 50 45 Harbor ap- 47 37 47 49 46 45 46 45 18 52 37 52 42 53 47 53 50 Berg. Berg (same as No. 607) . Berg. Berg (same as No. 609). Small borg (same as No. .582) . Berg (same as No. 611). Berg (same as No. .584) . Medium berg (same as No. .585). Do. Small berg. Berg (same as No. 614). Berg (same as No. 615) . Small berg. Growler and 2 small pieces field ice. Growlers. Loose concentrations field ice and scattered growlers. Growlers. Growler. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Scattered strings field ice. .Scattered to close pack extending ' offshore from Cape Ballard. Close pack. Two pieces field ice. Brash ice. Berg (same as No. 608) Berg (same as No. 610) Berg (same as No. 638) Berg (same as No. 484) Berg (same as No. 61-3) Berg (same as No. 641) Berg (same as No. 617) Berg (same as No. 618) Scattered to heavy field ice. Do. Close pack ice. 'Scattered field ice. Patch scattered field ice. Growler. Berg (same as No. 639) . Berg (same as No. 644) . Pack ice. Berg with numerous growlers (same as No. 651). Small berg (same as No. 538). Small berg. Growler. Do. 22 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date Apr. 30 Name of vessel North latitude Ice Patrol plane- May 1 --do..... --.do- -.do- --do-. May --do.. -.do-. -do- -do-- ..do-- -.do.- -do-. ..do- ._do-- .-do- ..do.. -do- ..do.- ..do-- ..do.. ..do- ..do-.. ..do-.. .-do-.. Beavergleii-. Santa Irene. ..do- ..do. .-do- ..do- ..do- ..do. ...do. .do- -do- ...do- -do...- -do- .do. Beaverglen. USCGC Dimne do Ice Patrol plane Cleopatra Ice Patrol Plane Classic Ice Patrol Plane S ta vangerf jord Beaverglen Ice Patrol plane USNS Sgt. Jonah E. Kelley. Ice Patrol plane do do USNS Sgt. Jonah E. KeUey. Ice Patrol plane North Britain . USNS Sgt. Jonah E. KeUey. North Britain..- Hydro. ..-.do do- Saxonia Ice Patrol plane ...-do USNS Sgt. Jonah E. Kelley. North Britain Ice Patrol plane. Ice Patrol plane. Tyrifjord. ...-do-... North Britain. USNS Sgt. Jonah E. Kelley. ....do ....do West longitude From Cape English to 46 40 I 53 50 to 4fi 06 46 07 46 19 46 23 46 30 44 36 44 51 46 05 45 09 45 20 45 28 45 37 46 28 46 29 From 46 30 46 34 46 36 46 36 46 49 46 51 46 51 53 40 53 00 52 48 52 20 52 40 52 23 53 39 53 42 I 53 50 54 34 53 55 52 54 51 28 51 42 49 43 50 00 50 46 50 51 50 45 50 30 54 03 53 43 53 09 53 06 53 10 52 54 52 49 52 50 Description Scattered to close pack field ice. Off Fermuse Harbor Cape Freels Fogo Island to Orange Bay. Cape Bauld to . 55 30 I 55 20 44 33 52 17 44 39 50 12 46 15 53 29 47 00 52 46 Off Cape Race North of a line from 46 03 to 53 50 40 05 I 52 50 46 28 to From 52 33 to 46 38 I 52 50 47 05 44 51 45 32 52 43 51 28 50 38 South and east of a line from 46 40 i 52 50 to 46 15 I 53 35 to 46 18 46 19 46 25 53 50 54 17 53 09 From Cape Race to Cape St. Mary. Scattered heavy pieces field ice. Heavy pieces field ice. ^Southern limit field ice. Do. Do. Small berg (same as No. 654) . Berg (same as No. 665). Small berg (same as No. 612). Berg (same as No. 667) . Medium berg (same as No.666) . Berg (same as No. 669). Berg (same as No. 670) . Medium berg (same as No. 652). Berg (same as No. 642). Small berg (same as No. 673) . Small berg (same as No. 538) . Do. Berg (same as No. 675). Small berg (same as No. 676) . Berg (same as No. 678). Berg (same as No, 679). Berg (same as No. 680). Many bergs. Few bergs. [ Do. Bergy bit. Growler. Do. 2 growlers. 5 growlers. Scattered to heavy field ice and scattered gi-owlers. Narrow belt heavy field ice. Icefield. Do. Field ice with scattered field ice and growlers north of line. Scattered field ice with a few large growlers. Edge of field ice. Field ice and growlers. 381304 — 5€ 23 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS , 1955 — Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 698 May 2 USNS Sgt. Jonah E. Kelley. 7 miles offshore between Cape Race and Cape Broyle. Field ice. 699 ...do North Britain 8 miles off Cape Spear String brash Ice. 700 ...do Hydro Conception Bay south of a Close pack ice. line from Bryants to Bauline. 701 ...do.— . do- - 47 50 1 52 40 Trinity Bay south of a line from Irelands Eye to Grates Cove to Scattered to heavy strings field ice. 702 ...do do 48 38 1 52 53 to north tip of Baccalieu Is- •Close'pack ice with few bergs. , land. Cape Bonavista to 48 40 1 53 25 to 49 25 1 52 52 to 49 50 1 54 00 to 50 13 1 54 52 to SO 15 1 55 30 to 50 32 1 56 02 to southern tip Groais Island thence northern tip Groais Island 51 05 1 55 35 703 ...do do... to Eastern boimdary field ice. 51 10 1 55 05 to 51 37 1 54 45 to 52 00 ! 54 50 to 52 30 54 05 53 20 54 55 to 54 40 1 54 55 to 54 37 1 54 05 to 55 00 1 55 10 to 55 15 1 55 23 to , 55 30 56 23 704 May 3 Lousado. 45 09 50 53 Berg (same as No. 671) . 705 ...do USCGC Evergreen 46 26 50 45 Berg (same as No. 672) . 706 ...do Ice Patrol plane Torbay Small berg. 707 ...do.—. do 47 42 52 55 Do. 708 . do do 47 42 47 43 52 57 52 38 Do. 709 ...do Small berg (same as No. 656). 710 do - 'VV do '."'.'.'.'."'.'."'".. 47 44 48 09 48 12 48 24 52 42 52 51 52 53 53 03 Small berg. 711 ...do- do do - Do. 712 do Do. 713 ...do—.. Do. 714 do -. V.V/ao "////-""""'.'.. 48 38 49 09 53 00 53 28 2 small bergs. 715 ...do— . do Small berg. f From ] 716 ...do Hydro— 1 49 10 53 10 >Many bergs. I 50 00 ;o 54 20 717 do Ice Patrol plane 49 18 53 13 Small berg. 718 ...do 49 18 53 20 Medium berg. 719 ...do— . do 49 20 53 30 Small berg. 720 ...do do 49 23 53 32 Do. 721 ...do do 49 31 53 50 Do. 722 ...do do 49 36 53 55 3 small bergs. 723 . do - y/.Vdo.'.'."'.'.'.'.'.'.'."'.'.'.'. 49 38 49 45 49 45 Along south s 53 23 53 52 54 00 hore of White Medium berg. 724 do do Small berg. 725 ...do ...do do- - Do. 726 Hydro Few bergs. 727 ...do do- Bay. Northwest tip St. Barbe Islands. Do. 728 ...do do 10 miles east of Groais Is- land. Do. 729 ...do do 51 15 1 56 20 Do. 24 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 May -.do.. —do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ..do., --do.. ..do.. ..do... ..do... -do... -do... ..do... ..do... -.do... .do Name of vessel Maplecove do Ice Patrol plane. do... -...do -...do.. ---.do .-.-do -.--do --..do -.--do ...-do ---.do - .--do-.. ..-do ...do.... . .do. .do. -do. AssjTia. Maplecove. -do. -do- -do„ -.do.. ..do.. ..do.. ..do. ..do. ..do.. Hydro. Ice Patrol plane. do Hydro. Ice Patrol plane . do 758 759 ...do.. .do. Hydro Ice Patrol plane . Hydro Ice Patrol plane . .do. North latitude 46 02 46 02 47 42 48 00 48 03 48 07 48 09 48 23 48 28 48 33 48 40 48 42 49 13 49 14 49 18 West longitude 53 26 53 38 52 57 53 20 53 16 53 06 52 50 53 07 52 57 52 55 53 12 53 03 53 27 53 20 S3 27 Inside a line from Cape Fogo to Funk Island to Cape Freels. From 46 10 I 52 64 to 46 01 53 09 to 45 47 I 53 35 45 46 45 55 45 55 to to 54 00 26 31 From 46 02 I 63 westward From 47 31 I 52 I to I 47 39 I 52 39 Torbay Southern half Conception Bay. Conception Bay south of a Une from Bauline to Harbor Grace. North of Cape St. Francis Trinity Bay Trinity Bay north of a line from Grates Cove to Irelands Eye. East and north of Bacca- lieu Island to 30 miles offshore. East of a line from Orates Cove to Cape Bonavlsta and 5 to 12 miles sea- ward. From 48 20 I 52 40 to 49 10 I 53 00 to 49 40 I 53 20 to 49 50 I 54 10 Inshore of a line from Cape Freels to Cape Fogo. Description Growler. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 3 growlers. 2 growlers. Growler. 5 growlers. Growler. 4 growlers. Growler. Do. 3 growlers. 20 growlers. iSouthern limits field ice. Fieldjce. Do. Belt of close pack field ice. 80 percent cover field ice. Close pack field ice. Do. Strings of brash ice. 70 percent cover scattered to light pack ice. Light to moderate field ice. Strings brash ice. Scattered field ice. Scattered pieces and loose brash ice. 90 percent cover close pack Ice; 25 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. 760 May 3 Name of vessel Hydro. North latitude West longitude .do. 762 763 764 765 766 767 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 786 May 4 ...do ...do ...do..... ...do-—. ...do.... ...do.... From Cape Bonavista to .do. Rio Lima USNS Granby. Theeswood USNS Sgt. Tonah E. Kelley. do 49 00 1 to 53 30 49 10 to 53 10 49 20 1 to 53 lU 50 35 to 55 30 Groais Island to 51 25 to 54 30 51 40 to 64 40 51 50 to 65 05 52 00 to 55 00 52 30 to 55 15 52 45 55 05 Description Eastern limits heavy pack ice. Along eastern boundary of heavy pack ice and 8 to 10 miles seaward from Cape Bonavista to L 52 45 I 64 50 45 08 I 51 10 46 18 I 50 23 1 mile offshore between. - . ..do .-do. ...do May 5 ...do ..-do ..-do-.— ..do ..do ..-do.... ...do— _..do-..- ...do— . do.... ....do USCGC Evergreen. do USNS Sgt. Jonah E. Kelley. Empress of France. 46 35 46 42 46 48 45 44 46 32 53 08 52 56 52 56 From I 53 66 to I 54 21 North from 45 47 1 53 33 Along east coast Avalon Peninsula from St. Johns to Cape Race. From 45 55 I 53 28 to Captain Cook MATS plane USNS Sgt. Jonah E KeUey. .. .do , Nova Scotia Within 2 miles of Mistaken Point. 18 miles south-southwest of Cape Pine. 45 55 45 23 46 25 46 35 46 36 53 41 60 47 50 16 53 17 53 47 -do- -do. ..do ....do Ice Patrol plane . Nova Scotia Ice Patrol plane. Nova Scotia .-.-do -do- -do- Within 6 miles of Cape Race. Cape Race 46 42 I 53 62 Cape Ballard Renews Rocks Ice Patrol^plane. 1 mUe south of Ferryland Head. 5 miles northeast by east of •Ferryland Head. Inside a line from 46 00 I 52 50 to 46 00 I 63 30 to 46 35 I 53 40 to i 46 30 I 52 50 Moderate concentrations field ice. Berg (same as No. 704). Bers (same as No 705). 2 bergs, 6 growlers (same as Nos. 676, 677). Berg (same as No. 764). Berg and giowler (same as No. 680). Berg (same as No. 536). Numerous growlers and field Ice. ITongue of numerous growlers / and field ice. Scattered growlers. Widely scattered light field ice. Berg (same as No. 762). Berg (same as No. 763). Berg (same as No. 765). Berg (same as No. 674). 3 bergs (same as Nos. 766, 767, 774). Loose strmgs field ice about 9 miles in extent with many growlers m and around field. Several growlers. Numerous growlers. Growler. 4 growlers. 1 growler on rocks, 3 more in vicinity. 2 growlers. Growler. Light strings and scattered brash ice. 26 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 803 804 805 808 807 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 823 824 825 826 827 Date May 5 ..do May 6 ..do ..-do ...do ..do ...do ...do ...do -..do .--do ...do..... --.do ...do ...do -do- ..do- ..do. ..do. -do. .do. -do. May 7 ..-do ...do -..do ...do..... ..-do...-. ...do ...do ...do .--do ...do --.do..... -..do -do. ...do ..-do -.do .-.do ...do iSTame of vessel lee Patrol plane. Nova Scotia Ice Patrol plane do do Empress of Australia . do Ice Patrol plane American Manufactur- er. Empress of Australia.. do Ice Patrol plane do Empress of Australia. - Ice Patrol plane do -do. Empress of Australia. Nova Scotia Ice Patrol plane .do- -do. .do. St. Cerque Brisa Mapledell Scythia Tunaholm Irish Cedar Cairnavon Baron Elibank. St. Cerque Scythia Tunaholm do Mapledell Molda. Mapledell USCGC Westwind. do -do- .do. North latitude West longitude [East of a line from Cape St. Mary to 46 20 I 54 05 to [ 46 08 53 35 From Motion Bay north- ward and eastward leav- ing a shore lead J-^-mile wide off Cape Spear. 46 48 44 34 46 35 46 35 46 35 46 45 46 47 46 55 47 49 North of a line from 45 55 I 53 40 to 45 55 I 52 50 to 52 55 49 16 52 49 52 54 53 55 53 55 52 32 53 50 52 00 46 40 46 25 52 30 54 02 to 46 30 I .53 16 To limit of visibility north and south of 47 33 I 52 21 Between Cape Spear and Cape St. Francis and 2 to 3 miles offshore. Conception Bay south of a line from Colliers Point to 47 44 I 53 05 to Cape St. Francis. Northern half Conception Bay. North of a line from Bay de Verde to 47 52 I 52 50 to 48 10 44 54 45 on 45 40 45 43 45 43 45 44 45 46 44 11 44 54 45 31 45 37 45 43 46 05 52 10 50 58 50 50 51 02 50 35 50 40 50 58 50 44 49 31 50 51 52 41 52 30 50 40 53 22 46 08 46 10 46 14 46 07 46 30 46 32 46 32 46 33 From I to i From I to From I to OS Cape St. Mary. 53 53 54 01 54 14 53 34 52 56 54 16 53 27 54 00 Description i^Widely scattered large pieces field ice. Heavy field ice. Small berg (same as No. 772). Small berg (same as No. 668). Medium berg (same as No. 589). Small berg (same as No. 775) . 2 small bergs (same as No. 776). Small berg (same as No. 655). Growler. Do. Do. 4 gi'owlers. Growler. Do. 3 growlers. Growler. Scattered to light concentrations field ice. Widely scattered field ice. Strings of heavy field ice. Field ice. ■Close pack field ice. Scattered growlers. ■Field ice. Berg (same as No. 788) . Berg (same as No. 809). Berg (same as No. 790). Berg (same as No. 811). Berg (same as No. 812). Berg (same as No. 813) . Berg (same as No. 814). Growler. Do. Do. 3 growlers. 2 growlers. Several growlers and scattered pieces field ice. Scattered growlers. I Scattered growlers and scattered I field ice. Scattered growlers. Occasional growlers. 2 growlers. Do. 27 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued Date May 7 ...do May 8 May 9 —do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do.— . ...do. ...do. ...do- ...do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ...do. ...do. ...do ..do --do ...do ...do ...do..... .do. May 10 ...do ...do ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do- ...do. ...do- ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do- ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. .do. ...do. Name of vessel Molda. Mapledell- USCQC Westwind. Ice Patrol plane Ranenfjord Manchester Mariner. Arthur Cross Ice Patrol plane . do do Bristol City. Manchester Trader. do Rathlin Head... do Sandsend Yehuda Ice Patrol plane. Manchester Trader. Manchester Mariner. Rathlin Head do Probitas Rathlin Head Ice Patrol plane.. .do. Laurentia Manchester Trader. USCQC Absecon... Elin Haven. Leada USCGC Absecon... Leada USCGC Absecon... USCGC Mackinac- USCGC Mackinac. USCGC Absecon... ....do.... USCGC Mackinac. ...do USCGC Absecon... USCGC Mackinac. .-..do ....do .do. Manchester Trader. Hydro North latitude West longitude From 46 08 1 53 53 to 45 48 1 53 30 Between I 53 34 and i 52 52 From I 52 34 to I 52 20 to 52 24 46 07 45 57 46 56 47 35 48 20 45 45 45 50 45 52 46 25 46 36 46 55 46 58 From 51 47 51 44 51 43 54 02 52 55 52 53 52 48 Description 45 53 45 54 54 56 54 45 54 50 46 00 54 50 46 00 53 54 and 50 miles westward. 46 04 54 50 46 13 54 48 46 40 53 23 45 42 From 53 14 45 47 46 06 45 56 46 00 46 10 46 11 From 54 20 55 20 53 49 53 45 55 20 53 43 Between Cape Race and Cape Pine and 2 to 5 miles southward. Along east coast Avalon Peninsula and 2 mUes seaward. 45 43 I 45 47 46 26 I From 46 03 I to 45 57 46 14 46 16 46 18 46 32 46 32 46 37 46 38 46 42 46 43 46 48 46 54 47 02 47 02 47 04 From Black Point to 47 12 I 54 20 thence southwest 45 41 I 51 31 St. Johns Harbor entrance and approaches. Pack ice. Widely scattered large pieces field ice. Scattered giowlers. Medium berg (same as No. 773). Berg (same as No. 831). Berg (same as No. 832). Berg and growler (same as No. 803). Small berg (same as No. 772). Small berg (same as No. 793). Small berg (same as No. 709). [Numerous growlers. Growler. Several growlers and scattered field ice. Numerous growlers. 1 Numerous growlers and scattered J field ice. Growler and patch brash ice. Scattered growlers. Growler. [Scattered pieces field ice. [ Do. Small piece field ice. Do. Scattered pieces field ice. Small piece field ice. Scattered field ice. Scattered to heavy field ice . 52 06 Berg (same as No. 833). 51 43 Berg (same as No. 854). 55 16 Berg (same as No. 791) . 55 22 fGrowlers. 54 52 ) 55 23 Growler. 55 27 Do. 54 35 Do. 55 08 Do. 55 21 Do. 55 00 Do. 55 05 Do. 54 59 Do. .54 56 Do. 54 55 Do. 54 40 Numerous growlers. 54 29 Growler. 54 32 Do. 54 33 Do. ■Growlers and scattered field ice. Small piece field ice. Blocked by field ice. 28 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 875 876 879 880 881 882 885 886 887 891 892 895 896 897 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 910 911 912 May 10 ..do_ -.do_ May 11 ,do.. ...do- do.. -.do_ ...do. May 12 ...do.-... ...do-... ...do_._- ...do.— _-.do-_._ ...do-..- ...do.... ..do..... ..do.... .do. May 13 ...do ...do ...do _..do..-.. _..do...-. __.do_.-.. ...do..... ...do..... ...do ...do ...do...-. ...do..... ...do..... -..do..... ...do --.do-... .do. Hydro. -do- .do. Beaverford- Dundee Beaverford . Dundee -do. Hydro - USCGC Absecon. do Empress of France - Hydro USCGO Absecon- do do. Imperial Sarnia do Marquette Gunvor Marsk Governor of St. Pierre Island. Francisca Sartori Hydro do .do- From Twillingate to 50 02 I 55 20 to I 55 27 From I 55 05 to I 55 20 From I 55 35 to I 55 05 to I 55 45 to 56 00 55 14 50 43 52 25 53 25 53 30 53 33 53 45 54 30 46 27 46 35 46 21 53 11 54 54 From 2 to 3 miles off Cape Race. 46 38 I 55 10 ^From 7 miles northeast of Fogo Island to 60 20 I 55 24 to 50 35 I 55 27 to 8 miles east northern tip Bell Island to 51 10 I 55 30 to 4 miles east of northern tip Belle Isle to 52 30 I 65 17 to 2 miles east Seal Island to Island of Ponds to Empress of France Ice Patrol plane-.. do Camellia Homeric Empress of France USCGC Absecon.. Ice Patrol plane... --.-do Cabot Tower Hydro. , 53 29 46 33 47 40 47 41 46 19 46 25 46 33 46 38 47 37 47 38 St. Johns Harbor From 51 05 65 10 65 26 63 02 62 67 65 40 56 14 65 26 54 22 63 01 62 69 52 00 62 30 I to I to 55 13 55 02 to 6 miles east of Seal Island to 53 33 I 55 30 to 53 25 54 16 54 30 44 34 44 37 45 32 46 35 54 00 44 37 44 38 45 30 45 32 46 14 46 23 46 26 46 28 to 55 02 54 55 55 15 51 39 61 23 63 37 53 12 55 40 51 18 61 29 53 30 53 43 55 39 55 44 56 06 56 27 ►Eastern boundary field ice. South and west of St. Pierre Island. 46 13 I 56 04 St. Johns Harbor 53 00 I 55 15 f From I 53 47 I 56 30 I to I 54 20 66 35 Do. Berg and 3 growlers (same as No. 856). Berg (same as No. 792). Growler. Field ice. Pieces field ice. Eastern boundary field ice. Berg (same as No. 878). Small berg. Do. Growler. Do. Do. 4 growlers. Growler. Do. Full of close pack ice. Eastern boundary field ice. Berg (same as No. 789). Berg (same as No. 809). Berg (same as No. 792). Berg (same as No. 879). Berg. Growler. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Growlers. Scattered field ice. Close pack ice. Belts of field ice. Eastern boundary field ice. 29 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description May 14 ..,do _-.do— .. .._do__... __.do ._.do..._. ...do__... May 15 ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do May 16 ...do ...do..... May 17 ...do ...do..... ...do ...do .do. May 18 ...do.... ...do ...do ...do ...do.... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ..dc... .do. Goodwood Prins Frederik Willem. Rialto Prins Frederik Willem. Rialto Federal Vovager do Wanderer Cortona Baron Haig Cortona. Baron Haig. Cortona Drammensf jord .. . Dunelmia Hydro. Prins Maurits... Ice Patrol plane. Prins Maurits... do do Hydro. Ice Patrol plane. do do do do do do do Hydro Ice Patrol plane . Hydro. do. .do. 44 26 44 35 45 01 44 35 45 15 45 50 46 02 45 00 46 04 46 10 46 10 46 12 46 11 46 12 44 54 45 50 54 40 56 00 46 40 46 29 46 34 From 52 05 52 47 53 33 52 47 45 19 56 05 56 32 54 25 56 20 55 58 56 10 56 17 56 06 56 17 54 23 56 53 55 50 57 30 53 27 55 38 53 42 Off Cape Pine 46 40 I 55 45 From northwest tip of North Twilliugate Island southwest to the north- east tip of Exploits, thence northwest to 49 37 I 55 30 thence northeast to 2 miles east of Gull Island thence northwest to 10 miles southeast of St. Barbe Island thence 50 10 I 55 20 to 50 30 I 55 40 to southeast tip of Bell Island to 51 10 51 30 46 39 46 42 46 45 46 47 46 48 55 13 55 06 53 17 53 03 52 58 52 56 52 53 Along east coast Avalon Peninsula from Cape Race to Lat. 47° N. 46 58 I 55 12 47 00 I 50 00 St. Johns Harbor 8 to 10 miles off east coast Avalon Peninsula from Cape Race to Lat. 47° N. Southwestern 2/3 Concep- tion Bay. 8 mUes off Torbay From 51 00 I 55 10 to 52 00 I 55 00 to 53 02 I 55 25 to 53 05 I 55 42 thence 1 to 2 mUes offshore to 53 30 53 43 55 42 to Berg (same as No. 895). Berg (same as No. 854). Berg (same as No. 897). 2 growlers. Growler. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Several growlers and numerous small pieces. Growler. Do. Do. Several growlers. Eastern boundary field ice. Berg (same as No. 898) . Growler. Growler and small pieces. Scattered growlers. Growler and two small pieces. Eastern boundary field ice. Small berg (same as No. 929). Small berg (same as No. 792). Small berg (same as No. 709). Medium berg (same as No. 793). Medium berg (same as No. 710). Numerous growlers. Growler. Do. Few growlers. Scattered patches brash ice. 100 percent cover field ice. 12- by 3-mile belt field Ice. 30 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description From 54 29 1 57 06 to 54 35 1 57 06 to 54 51 1 57 40 to 948 May 18 lee Patrol plane 55 06 1 57 41 to 55 08 1 58 16 to 55 21 1 58 47 to 55 32 1 59 05 to 55 54 60 01 Eastern boundary field ice eluding many bergs. in- 949 May 19 Empress of Australia... 46 47 52 55 Berg and three growlers (same No. 938). as 950 ...do do Off Chance Cove Head Berg (same as No. 939). 951 ...do Ice Patrol plane 47 37 53 09 Small berg (same as No. 885). 952 ...do do 47 40 52 57 Small berg (same as No. 886), 953 ...do do 47 44 53 38 Small berg. 954 ...do do 48 29 53 04 Do. 955 ...do ... do 48 34 52 59 Do. 956 ...do.... do 47 36 53 03 Growler. 957 ...do Empress of Scotland 46 33 52 57 Several small pieces. 958 ...do Ice Patrol plane Southwestern half Concep- tion Bay. 80 percent cover field ice. 959 May 20 do 47 42 1 52 35 Strip field ice. ' From 5 miles east Groais Island to 51 00 1 55 00 to 51 30 1 54 35 to 51 38 1 54 35 to 51 38 1 55 10 to 51 50 1 54 10 to 52 00 1 54 45 to 52 00 1 55 05 to 52 10 1 55 00 to 52 25 1 54 35 to 960 ...do Hydro 52 50 1 54 15 'Secondary pack boundary to 52 50 1 55 15 to 53 30 1 54 30 to 53 35 1 54 40 to 53 25 1 55 00 to 53 40 1 55 10 to 53 20 1 55 10 to 53 00 1 55 30 to 52 45 1 55 30 to 52 40 1 55 15 to 12 miles norlhwest of Belle I. Isl e IJ 31 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 961 May 20 Hydro . 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 May 23 ...do.--. ...do ...do.--. ...do...- _..do ...do -do.— . -do-.... -do -do --do.— . ..do-.-. -do-.... .-do.-.. --do-... -do..-. --do-.-. ---do--. do..- lee Patrol plane - do do- do do do do do do- do do -do- -do- -do.. -do- -do- -do- -do- .do.. -do.. .do. -do .do. -do- -do. .do- From I to I to I to 57 35 53 30 53 20 56 33 56 27 55 42 54 55 55 13 55 08 54 30 54 05 53 38 53 10 52 53 63 20 53 00 53 17 53 00 53 15 53 15 53 20 Inshore of a line from Cape Freels to Funk Island to Cape Fogo. 47 53 55 17 47 40 48 05 48 10 48 20 48 30 48 38 48 40 48 43 49 10 49 15 Eastern boundary^fleld^ce. 47 59 48 03 48 05 48 11 48 38 49 10 49 15 53 26 53 20 53 14 53 04 52 55 53 00 53 25 53 25 Inshore of a line from Cape Freeh to Funk Island to Cape Fogo. From latitude 48° 10' N. to latitude 49° 00' N. be- tween loneitudes 52°20' W. and 52°40' W. From Cape Freels to 49 10 to Funk Island. From 54 05 I to I to 52 30 54 05 54 40 56 00 to I to I to I From I to I to 53 25 52 00 56 00 56 50 Small berg. 3 small bergs. 2 small bergs. Small berg. 2 small bergs. Small berg. Do. Do. Medium berg. 6 small bergs. 15 bergs. Growler. Do. Do. Do. Do. 3 growlers. 6 growlers. Do. 20 growlers. Patch field ice 10 percent cover. Widely scattered field ice. iField ice boundary. Do. 32 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 987 990 991 992 993 994 995 997 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1012 1013 1014 May 24 ...do..... ...do ...do-.... ...do ..do..... ..do ..do ..do ..do .do. Beaverglen USNS Sgt. Jonah E. Kelley. do do do Nova Scotia Cairnavon Beaverglen Nova Scotia .. .do Hydro. Vicinity of Cape Ballard. 1 46 45 52 59 May 25 ...do ...do ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. ..do. .do. .do. .do. .do. May 26 -do .-do ..do Nova Scotia. Hydro .do. do.- do.. do.. do.. Arthur Cross. Nova Scotia.- Hydro .do. .do. .do. Ice Patrol plane. do ....do 52 55 52 55 52 53 52 25 46 49 46 55 46 57 47 32 Trepassev Bay. do Motion Bay Between latitudes 47°35' N. and 47°45' N. from east coast Newfound- land to longitude 52°10' W. From 50 00 53 30 55 20 55 30 ....do... Three miles northeast of Cape Spear. Strait of Belle Isle 10 mile radius of South Wolf Island. 10 miles east Hawks Island St. Michael Bay ., 5 miles east Fox Harbor.... 12 mile radius west and south of Belle Isle. Northward from Cape Spear. Approaches to St. Johns Harbor. From 50 00 I 53 50 to 50 15 I 54 20 to 50 22 I 54 10 thence curving south to 50 12 51 32 to I to I to I to I From i to 53 55 53 50 54 08 55 10 Southwestern ^i Hare Bay. St. Mein Bay From 15 miles wide at 52 25 I 55 08 to 8 mUes wide at 52 27 I 54 19 thence curving northward to 5 miles wide at 52 55 I 54 10 Along east coast of Labra- dor from Strait of Belle Isle to HamUton Inlet and 2 to 20 miles seaward. 51 30 I 54 20 51 31 I 54 41 20 miles east of Cape Bauld. 20 miles east of Belle Isle. 4 small bergs ' (same as Nosj 936, 937, 949, 950). Berg (same as No. 986). Do. Do Do. Small berg. Small growler. Growler. 2 growlers. Patches slob and field ice. ■Field ice boundary. Small berg (same as No. 991) . Many bergs and bergy bits. No field ice. Few bergs and bits. Do. Do. Do. Many bergs and bits. Scattered growlers. Scattered light pieces field ice. Field ice boundary. Belt of field ice 5 miles wide. Close pack field ice. Few small floes. •Belt close pack field ice. Shore lead with 10 to 40 percent coverage field ice. Medium berg. Do. 3 bergs. 7 bergs. 33 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 May 26 May 27 ..do ..do— -. -.do.-... ..do-... ...do...-. ...do.... ...do-.... .do. -do. -do- -do_ .-do. --do- .-do- ..do. ..do- --do- -.do. .-do- ..do. -.do- .-do- --.do— . -.-do..-, --.do— . ..-do— . ...do..-. ..-do.... -..do— - -.-do.... ...do-... .--do.... ...do-- ..-do— - --.do— - ...do.... --.do— - ..-do—. ...do. --.do. ...do- -.-do. .-do. -.-do- ...do. ...do- Ice Patrol plane. -do. USNS Rgt. Jonah E. Kelley. do Ice Patrol plane do - USNS Sgt. Jonah E. Kelley. Ice Patrol plane do .do., .do- -do. .do. .do- -do. .do- -do- -do. -do- -do- .do. -do- .do. -do. ....do ---.do ...-do ---.do ...-do do do do do do do do Blyth Trader.... Ice Patrol plane. do do -do. .do. -do. .do- -do. .do. -do. -do. From 49 50 I to 50 10 I to 61 05 I to 51 20 I 52 05 46 48 46 54 46 56 46 56 46 58 46 59 53 46 54 40 54 40 53 50 54 27 52 56 52 54 52 53 52 55 52 54 52 55 47 39 52 39 In Conception Bay 47 56 I 52 54 48 04 53 09 48 11 I 52 54 Within 2 miles of Cape Bonavista. 48 43 I 52 35 In Bonavista Bay Within 15 miles of Cape Freels. Between Cape Freels and Fogo Island 49 52 49 53 50 02 50 54 Vicinity Grey Islands. 50 56 I 57 OS Along shore from Cape Mecatina to Wood Is- land. Entrance to Hare Bay Strait of Belle Isle 51 45 I 54 23 51 46 I 54 39 Vicinity Belle Isle. 52 09 52 11 52 12 52 13 52 19 52 22 52 30 Inshore vicinity Cape Race. 46 41 I 53 18 46 44 I 53 02 Within 1 mile of Motion Head. Within 1 mile of Cape Spear. In Torbay in Conception Bay — 47 38 I 53 37 Entrance to Trinity Bay . Within 20 miles of Cape Bonavista. Strait of Belle Isle Vicinity Belle Isle fSeaward field ice limits. Small berg (same as No. 988). Berg (same as No. 1017). Berg (same as No. 989). Small berg (same as No. 1019). Small berg (same as No. 990). Berg (same as No. 1021). Small berg. 2 small bergs (same as Nos. 951, 952). Small berg. Do. Do. 7 bergs. Small berg. 11 bergs. 20 bergs. 50 bergs. Small berg. Do. Medium berg. Small berg. 30 bergs. Small berg. 21 bergs. 10 bergs. 23 bergs. Berg. Do. 28 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 2 growlers. Growler. Do. 2 growlers. Do. Growler. Several growlers. Growler. Several growlers. Many growlers. Do. Do. 34 TABLE OE ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description West and south of a line . from Fogo Island. 50 30 1 53 35 to 50 05 1 54 45 to 50 55 1 55 05 to 51 20 1 53 35 to 51 40 1 54 30 1064 May 27 Ice Patrol plane to 51 55 1 53 25 to 50 20 1 53 35 to 52 20 1 54 45 to 52 15 1 55 25 to 51 45 1 55 00 to 51 30 i 55 25 Scattered to heavy field ice. 1065 ...do Hydro St. Anthony Harbor Inshore east coast Avalon 90 percent clear of ice except few large pieces along edge. Several bergs (same as Nos. 1018, 1020, 1022;. 1066 May 28 Arthur Cross Peninsula at latitude 47°03' N. From 52 45 1 53 50 to 53 35 1 53 50 to 53 55 1 55 10 to 54 10 1 54 05 to 54 45 1 54 15 to 54 55 1 54 30 to 54 40 1 54 50 1067 _._do Hydro to Field ice boundary 55 04 1 55 00 to 55 08 1 55 15 to 55 00 1 55 40 to 54 55 1 56 30 to 55 10 1 57 10 to 55 15 1 56 50 to 55 25 1 57 00 to I 56 00 57 40 1068 May 29 Ungava 49 09 53 16 Many bergs. Do. 1069 ...do -. do Astarte . 51 00 51 08 55 01 55 11 1070 do.. Berg. Large area pack ice with bergs 1071 ...do USNS Marine Carp 52 00 51 58 and growlers. 1072 ...do Astarte Notre Dame Bay from 15 miles north of TwilUn- Field ice. gate extending eastward 25 miles. 1073 _..do do From Heavy ice field. 50 43 1 55 11 to 51 08 1 55 11 1074 May 30 USNS Donner Motion Head 3 small bergs. 65 bergs. 1075 ...do Ice Patrol plane Vicinity Fogo Island 1076 --.do do 50 17 1 54 28 Berg. 1077 __.do do 50 20 1 54 20 Do. 1078 ...do do Vicinity Grey Islands Entrance to Hare Bay Area 20 miles p».^t nf CanA 28 bergs. 12 bergs. 20 bergs. Berg. 1079 ...do. . -. do 1080 ...do do 1081 ...do..... do Bauld. 51 34 50 27 1082 ...do do-.-. 51 35 54 30 Do. 1083 ...do 51 37 50 18 Do. 1084 ...do .'~.do/////"/^lV."'.''. 51 39 54 20 Do. 35 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 1085 May 30 Ice Patrol plane 51 45 54 25 Berg 1086 do . . do 51 57 52 00 61 19 51 26 Do. 1087 _._do do Do. 1088 ...do do 52 04 51 19 Do. 1089 do do Vicinity Belle Isle 60 bergs. 1090 do . . .... do 52 25 51 10 Berg. 1091 ...do do 52 27 54 50 Do. 1092 ___do do Vicinity 4 bergs. 52 40 55 20 1093 do do 52 46 52 05 Berg. 1094 do do 52 48 52 49 52 00 62 06 Do. 1095 ...do do Do. 1096 do do 52 50 53 50 52 55 51 15 Do. 1097 ...do Hydro Many bergs and growlers. 1098 ...do do.... 54 15 66 48 Many bergs and growlers. Within a radius of 8 mOes 1099 ...do U. S. Navy ship from Do. 64 18 51 36 1 HOC ...do do 55 18 51 36 Berg. 1101 do Ice Patrol plane Vicinity Fogo Island Many growlers. 1102 do do Vicinity Belle Isle Do. 1103 ...do do Vicinity Do. 52 30 1 53 00 West ofa line from 49 45 1 55 55 to 50 00 1 53 35 to 50 20 1 54 50 to 50 45 1 55 00 1104 ...do do to Scattered to heavylfleld ice. 50 50 1 53 30 to 51 35 1 54 20 to 51 55 1 54 05 to 52 35 1 65 15 to , 52 50 1 55 15 From 50 34 1 64 46 to 50 60 1 64 35 to 50 60 1 54 46 to 61 00 1 64 52 to 51 40 1 53 46 to 51 50 1 53 50 to 62 05 1 54 16 to 1105 ...do Hydro 51 67 1 65 04 Field ice boundary. to 51 60 1 54 07 to 51 47 1 54 05 to 51 45 1 54 45 to 61 00 1 55 32 to 50 47 1 66 28 to 50 23 1 66 40 to 50 34 1 65 00 to >■ 50 34 54 46 1106 ...do USNS Donner £2 20 61 42 Field Ice. North of a line from 52 50 1 54 40 to 52 25 1 54 40 1107 ...do Ice Patrol plane to Scattered to heavy field ice. 51 55 1 61 06 to 52 20 1 50 40 to \ 53 00 1 51 25 1 36 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North West latitude longitude Description From 53 00 1 51 00 1108 May 30 Hydro to 53 20 1 52 30 Southern limit field ice. to 53 05 1 54 00 From 53 05 1 51 00 to 54 30 52 45 to 54 15 1 53 10 to 54 36 1 54 00 to 54 30 1 54 30 1109 ...do do to 54 55 1 57 30 •Field ice boundary. to 55 05 ! 57 50 to 55 08 1 57 40 to 55 05 1 57 30 to 55 15 1 57 05 to 55 40 1 57 30 1110 May 31 Westport 54 04 1 50 47 Berg. From 50 00 1 54 18 to 50 07 1 53 48 to 50 17 1 53 50 to 50 30 1 54 20 to 50 18 1 55 19 to 50 45 1 55 10 to 50 48 1 54 40 to 1111 ...do Hydro. 50 58 1 54 11 Field ice boundary. to 50 47 1 53 37 to 51 00 1 53 30 to 51 19 1 54 10 to 51 48 1 53 10 to 52 15 1 54 58 to 51 48 1 54 18 to 51 29 1 54 25 to 51 10 1 55 00 ^ to St. Anthony From St. Peters Bay to 52 40 1 55 30 to 52 45 1 55 45 to 53 00 1 55 20 52 53 1 54 69 to 53 05 1 55 10 1112 ...do do to 53 15 1 55 22 to 53 35 1 55 05 to 54 00 1 53 20 to 54 14 1 53 26 to 54 40 1 54 15 to 54 04 1 56 00 • Do. 37 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 1113 June 1 Empress of Scotland. . . 46 40 53 16 Growler. 1114 ...do Arthur Cross Along shoreline east coast Avalon Peninsula. Several growlers. From 15 miles east of Black Bear Bay to 53 35 1 55 05 to 53 50 1 51 50 to 54 10 1 51 50 to 1116 ...do Hydi'o 54 00 1 52 55 Field ice boundary. to 54 10 1 53 50 to 54 37 1 54 00 to 54 35 1 55 10 to 54 55 1 55 35 From 53 30 1 54 00 to 53 30 1 54 15 to 54 00 1 53 25 to 54 39 1 53 58 to 55 00 1 54 48 to 1116 ...do do 55 14 1 56 30 Do. to 55 08 1 57 30 to 55 15 1 57 43 to 55 35 1 57 21 to 55 08 1 56 55 to 55 49 1 56 44 to I 56 04 1 57 00 1117 June 2 Ice Patrol plane _ Area inshore of a line from 15 bergs. Cape Freels to Funk Is- land to Caj )e Fogo. 1118 ...do do 49 50 53 45 3 bergs. 1119 .. do . do 49 55 53 45 Small berg. Do. 1120 ...do do 50 06 53 44 1121 .. do do 50 08 51 00 53 50 51 30 Do. 1122 ...do..... do Do. 1123 .. do .. do 51 14 51 17 53 43 50 13 Do. 1124 -- do ... ... do Berg.l Small berg. Do. 1125 ...do-... do 51 20 53 43 1126 -.do._.-. do 51 53 50 33 1127 .. do ... do 51 55 50 45 3 small bergs. 1128 ...do do__.. 51 57 61 20 Small berg. 1129 ...do...- do 52 07 51 20 Five small bergs. 1130 ...do do 52 13 51 40 Medium berg. 1131 ...do..... Unidentified plane 53 00 51 00 30 bergs and field ice. 1132 ...do Lufthansa plane 55 50 56 17 Berg. 1133 ...do Ice Patrol plane 49 48 53 06 Growler. 1134 ...do do 49 55 ."i.-^ 20 Do. / From 52 20 1 54 10 to 50 08 1 53 40 1135 ...do do to 50 12 1 52 42 to 50 15 1 53 20 to 50 30 1 53 50 From 51 15 1 53 50 to Patch of less than 10 percent cover field ice. 1136 ...do do 51 10 1 52 25 to 51 38 1 53 17 Patch of 10 percent cover field Ice. to \ 50 50 53 40 1 38 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 1137 June 2 Ice Patrol plane 51 50 1 F 62 00 50 10 ■om 1 50 20 Patch of scattered;fleld ice. to 51 50 1 50 20 to 1138 _..do do 51 45 1 50 45 to Scattered to light concentrations 51 45 1 51 20 field ice. to 52 00 1 51 25 to \ 52 00 1 62 15 From 52 25 54 40 to 53 00 54 00 to 53 35 63 35 to 53 40 53 20 to 53 15 63 40 to 1139 —do Hydro 53 30 1 52 25 to Field ice boundary. 54 02 63 00 to 1 53 55 64 00 to 1 54 25 54 05 to 1 54 40 54 55 to 1 54 45 56 45 to 1 55 15 56 10 From 1 52 16 65 42 to 1140 ...do do 52 55 1 54 35 to Belt of field ice 10 mUes wide. 53 35 65 20 to 1 53 40 66 27 From 1 55 57 68 16 to 55 22 56 11 to 1 55 13 56 11 to 1 55 11 56 30 to i 55 25 57 56 1141 ...do do to 55 10 1 57 45 to •Field ice boundary. 55 05 56 55 to 55 12 57 00 to 1 55 05 56 30 to 1 55 19 56 05 to 1 55 10 65 30 1142 June 3 Evergreen 51 47 51 00 Large bergs and .numerous 1143 -.do._... do 51 48 50 34 growlers. Medium berg. Field ice with many bergs and 1144 .-.do Luciana 53 30 51 40 1145 ...do TWA 53 30 52 00 50 40 growlers. Several large bergs. Growler. 1146 ...do..... Luciana 53 52 381304—56- 39 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description From 50 30 1 55 10 to 50 25 1 55 32 to 50 58 1 55 30 to 50 40 1 55 08 to 50 43 i 55 00 to 51 15 1 54 50 to 51 25 1 55 00 to Eastern boundary of Newfound- 1147 June 3 Hydro 51 45 1 54 45 to land main pack. 51 50 1 54 53 to 12 miles east of Cape Bauld to 16 miles east of St. Antliony to 50 58 1 55 13 to 51 00 1 55 27 to 52 12 1 55 18 to 51 12 1 55 28 to I 51 05 1 55 33 1148 -..do_...- TJSCOC Evergreen Nortli of latitude 51°45' N. and between longitudes 5n°15' W. and 51°05' W. Heavy field ice. 1149 __ do do --- 51 48 1 50 15 f From Field ice. 52 23 1 55 20 to 52 32 I 55 20 to .52 00 1 55 05 to 52 05 1 55 05 to 52 45 1 55 15 to 53 00 1 55 05 to 52 40 1 54 55 to 52 55 1 54 50 to 52 50 1 54 35 to 1150 (Jo Hydro 53 00 1 54 15 to 53 30 1 54 18 Eastern boundary of main pack to 53 40 1 54 40 to 54 00 1 54 40 to 54 20 1 55 30 to 54 15 1 56 15 to 54 45 1 56 25 to 54 45 1 57 00 to 55 05 1 67 55 to 55 30 1 58 30 to I 65 27 1 60 12 40 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description o / o / From 52 23 1 55 20 to 52 45 1 55 30 to 53 13 1 55 34 to 53 34 1 55 20 to 53 38 1 55 38 to 53 33 1 55 42 to 53 43 1 55 45 to 53 35 1 54 55 to 53 52 1 55 16 to 53 48 i 56 00 1151 June 3 Hydro __ to 54 15 1 56 15 •Western boundary of main pack. to 54 10 1 56 30 to 54 25 1 56 35 to 54 08 1 56 45 to 55 25 1 59 38 to 54 31 1 57 14 to 54 41 1 57 41 to 55 01 1 57 55 to 55 00 1 58 16 to 55 05 1 58 36 to I 55 16 58 13 1152 June 4 Monterey 48 35 62 58 Berg. 1153 ...do USCGC Evergreen 51 15 53 35 Do. 1154 ...do do .- 51 25 53 55 Do. 1155 ...do USCGC Evergreen 51 27 53 22 Berg. 1156 ...do do 51 30 53 16 Do. Do. 1157 ...do do 51 33 53 24 From 1158 ...do Luclana 53 27 1 51 50 to .Nearly closed ice fields. Many bergs. . 63 05 1 54 35 From 1159 -.-do USCGC Evergreen 51 17 1 50 40 to . 51 15 1 50 00 Southward from Field ice. 1160 ...do do __. 51 30 1 52 55 •Moderate field ice. to limit of visibility. From 51 30 1 52 55 1161 ...do do to 51 30 1 54 00 Heavy field ice. and westward to limit of visibility. 1162 June 5 L'A venture 60 40 50 15 Large berg. Do. 1163 ...do do 50 42 51 15 50 37 50 00 1164 ...do do - — .:: Southeast limit field ice. 41 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date 1166 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 .do- .do. Name of vessel June 5 June 6 ...do. ...do. ..do. ..do. ...do. June June 8 ...do.— . Hydro. Arthur Cross. do USNS Edisto- Arthur Cross USCGC Evergreen. USNS Edisto- do ...do. Hydro - Hydro. USCGC Evergreen. Hydro North latitude West longitude Description 62 30 52 30 53 00 53 10 53 47 53 00 53 10 52 54 52 42 52 25 52 25 53 00 53 30 53 25 53 40 54 00 54 37 54 32 54 45 54 45 54 62 55 02 55 20 Torhay... From I 55 44 to 55 20 55 30 55 00 54 30 53 55 63 30 52 00 52 55 53 25 52 60 51 05 53 00 54 00 63 35 56 00 53 40 64 32 65 03 64 25 54 30 55 35 55 50 to I to I to I to I to I to I to I to I to I to I to I to I to I to I to I to I to I to I to 1 to I to •Field Ice boundary. .do. Northeast comer Bell Island 54 01 I 54 50 South side of Bell Island. From 50 00 I 62 20 to 60 10 I 52 35 Strait of Belle Isle I 66 15 From I 55 05 to I 54 30 to I 65 15 From I 54 35 to 54 00 50 00 50 50 61 25 52 10 53 07 62 67 53 38 53 25 54 22 54 20 53 40 54 00 64 22 54 45 Vicinity Lance Cove Hare Bay to Cape Bauld From 52 17 I 55 32 to 53 51 I 65 45 Berg and two growlers (same'as No. 1023). Berg (same as No. 1024). Scattered field ice, few bergs, many bits and growlers. Growler. Eastern limit of heavy fleld^Ice. Clear of field ice. Few bergs. Fieldlice boundary. 1 Do. Berg'and'several growlers. Few bergs. Field ice boundary. 42 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. 1178 1179 1180 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1190 1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 Date June 10 ...do ...do_.-.. -do. ...do- ...do... . June 11 -do- .do. .-do. -do. ..do. ...do June 12 ..do ..do ..do .do .do June 13 ..do ..do ..do. Name of vessel Hydro do USNS Edisto Hydro -do. .do. USNS Marine Carp. USNS Bondia USCGC Westwlnd. USNS Domier USNS Edisto -- Hydro. do.... Welheim. do do Hydro USNS Edisto. Hydro do. do. do. USNS LST 694. North latitude 51 59 54 55 52 34 54 41 53 54 56 09 ' From northeast tip of Spotted Island to West longitude 53 40 53 53 54 00 54 15 54 25 54 43 54 00 54 08 54 31 52 08 52 08 52 15 53 00 53 14 53 15 53 30 53 43 53 48 53 45 54 20 54 35 54 46 52 05 I to I to I to I to I to From I to From I to From I to I to I to I to I to 56 00 56 00 56 18 56 18 56 40 56 45 55 35 55 18 56 56 52 18 52 34 52 04 52 06 53 23 53 47 55 42 55 55 55 32 55 40 56 55 56 35 55 38 53 03 52 06 52 50 52 35 53 02 52 07 From White Bear Island to 15 miles east of Gannet Island to 5 miles east of South Wolf Island. 54 05 I 56 16 From 64 30 I 56 00 to 53 40 I 54 50 Vicinity Penguin Island... Vicinity Wadham Island.. Strait of Belle Isle From 51 45 I 53 00 to 52 10 I 53 03 Description Numerous bergs. Do. Bergs, bits, and growlers. Western boundary field ice. Eastern boundary field ice. 3- by 10-mile patch field ice. Widely scattered bergs and small bits. Scattered bergs. Occasional bergs and bergy bits. Belt of scattered bergs and growlers. Few scattered bergs. Field ice limits with concentra- i tions generally light to very ' light. 2- by 15-mile belt heavy field ice. Numerous bergs and growlers. 2 bergs. Small berg. Western boundary field ice with many bergs, bits, and growlers to westward and in pack. Scattered bergs and growlers. Eastern boundary field ice. Few bergs. Many bergs. Many bergs, few bits and growl- ers. Bergs, bergy bits, and growlers. 43 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued Date June 13 ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ..do.... June 14 ...do ...do ...do .lune 15 ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do June 16 ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ..do ..do ..do ..do ..do ...do. ...do. Name of vessel Hydro. do do. do. do do do... do USNS Edisto. do do USAF plane... Hydro USNS Doimer Homeric Hydro North latitude West longitude From coast at Cape Har- rison along coast to east entrance to Bvron Bay to 54 50 I 56 42 to 54 35 54 48 55 05 65 51 56 32 55 55 ...do. Ice Patrol plane do do.... do do do do do... do do do do do.... do do do Caimgowan USNS Edisto... to 55 52 I 56 20 Vicinity St. Barbe Islands. Vicinity Orange Bay.. 50 17 I 54 50 Off Old Fort Island Along coast from White Bay to Notre Dame Bay. From South Wolf Island to Gannet Island to East Rocks to 9 miles east of White Bear Island to 54 32 I 56 20 Confusion Bay 54 26 I 52 55 54 39 53 22 54 52 54 01 50 11 , I 53 49 Entrance to St. Mein Bay. Strait of Belle Isle Between latitudes 51°55' N. and 52°40' N. and longitudes 51°00' W. and 53°20' W. White Bay ^From Cut-throat Island... to 54 25 54 50 55 00 47 35 47 50 48 04 48 05 48 15 48 30 49 15 49 26 49 27 49 27 to 55 20 66 05 55 53 53 38 53 05 52 53 53 35 53 25 53 03 53 14 51 48 52 00 52 06 From Cape Fogo to Funk Island to Cape Freels. 49 46 49 48 49 57 50 18 50 19 52 23 53 17 51 31 53 38 51 23 53 00 54 15 52 49 I 52 24 Southeastern approaches to Hamilton Inlet. Description Eastern boundary field ice in- cluding many bergs, bits, and growlers. Few bits and growlers. Do. Do. Do. Field ice. Western boundary field ice. Scattered bergs and growlers. Scattered bergs and ice fields. Belts and patches heavy field ice. Heavy pack ice. Large berg. 2 bergs. 3 large bergs and few tiny bits. 33 bergs and numerous growlers. Moderate concentrations field ice jField ice boundary. Small berg. 2 small bergs. Small berg. Do. Do. 2 small bergs. 6 bergs. Small berg. Do. Do. 20 bergs. Small berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. 15 bergs and 5 growlers. Free of ice except scattered bergs and growlers. 44 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 Date June 16 ...do ...do..... ...do ...do ...do..... ...do ...do ...do ...do..-.. ...do..... June 17 ...do..... ...do .-.do.-... ...do ...do ...do ...do.-... ...do ...do ...do .-.do ...do ...do .-.do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do .-.do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ..-do —do ..-do ...do ...do ...do—. .--do ...do ...do ...do .-do — . ...do ...do ..do ..do -.do —do —do -.do .-do ..do .— ..do ..do ..do ..do ..do ..do ..do ..do ..do ..do ..do ..do -.do ..do ..do Name of vessel Ice Patrol plane. do do do do do do do do do USNS Edisto... Ice Patrol plane - do do do do do do do do do do do ....do Manchester Explorer. Ice Patrol plane ...-do ..-.do -...do -...do -.-.do ....do ....do -.-do ----do ---.do --.do -..do ---.do -..do ....do ....do .-.-do -...do ....do ....do ....do .—do --.do ---do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do North latitude West longitude 47 53 53 00 49 27 52 13 49 50 52 54 49 54 52 38 50 00 52 07 50 03 51 36 50 25 51 26 51 00 49 27 51 00 49 48 51 05 49 32 Eastern approaches to Hamilton Inlet. Trinity Bay Bonavista Bay Inside of a line from Cape Fogo to Funk Island to Cape Freels. 49 55 49 58 50 03 50 08 50 08 50 18 50 25 50 35 50 40 50 47 50 50 50 52 50 55 50 55 50 55 50 55 51 00 51 00 51 00 51 00 51 02 51 02 51 04 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 08 09 10 12 13 15 15 23 51 24 51 27 51 32 51 35 51 35 51 38 51 38 51 39 51 39 51 40 51 40 51 42 51 45 61 48 51 50 51 50 51 50 51 52 51 52 51 53 51 55 51 55 51 59 52 00 52 00 52 02 52 03 52 55 54 40 54 58 53 25 54 00 54 12 53 45 54 42 55 15 51 35 48 40 51 35 51 26 53 30 53 58 54 38 51 03 51 15 51 29 51 38 50 35 53 08 50 20 52 22 52 55 49 55 50 55 52 58 53 10 51 40 54 45 53 12 53 06 52 05 53 15 51 42 51 55 52 11 53 00 51 23 52 18 52 25 54 00 52 10 53 15 50 20 52 51 51 00 52 30 50 10 52 22 50 26 51 29 51 55 53 15 51 39 51 48 50 30 52 00 52 20 51 03 50 31 51 15 52 04 51 59 Description 2 growlers. Growler. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Completely closed by heavy field ice. 2 bergs. 4 bergs. 40 bergs. Medium berg. 3 bergs. Small berg. Do. Do. Do. 3 bergs. Small berg. 5 bergs. Small berg. 3 bergs. Small berg. Do. Medium berg. 8 bergs. Small berg. Do. Do. Medium berg. Do. Do. Small berg. Medium berg. Small berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 6 bergs. Small berg. Do. Do. Do. Medium berg. Small berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 13 bergs. Small berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Medium berg. Small berg. Medium berg. Do. Small berg. Do. Do. Do. 45 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued Date June 17 ..do.— . .do- June 18 ...do..._. ...do ...do.—. ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do.— . ...do-.._ ...do.-.-. .do. ...do-.-.. June 19 ...do...-. ...do..— ...do-... ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do...-. ...do-.... ...do—.. ...do ...do.- . ...do..... ...do..-.. ...do.... ...do-.- ...do.... ...do--.-. ...do.... ...do-..- ...do— - ...do.... ...do-.- Name of vessel Ice Patrol plane. ....do- Hydro- Arthur Cross.-. Unknown ship. USAF plane.— Sally Stove .... Arosa Kolm... do.. do do do do Sally Stove Arosa Kolm North latitude Hydro - USNS Edisto- ...do. Arthur Cross USNS Mission Los An- ....do ....do. ....do— ....do ....do Mormaepenn. . Dunelmia do... .... do do do— L' A venture .. do... do Dunelmia L' A venture Dunelmia L'A venture do do.. Concordia L'Aventure USNS Edisto. 50 55 51 10 54 27 53 56 53 49 53 45 54 30 55 00 55 17 66 00 47 52 49 06 50 35 51 16 51 34 51 34 51 35 51 38 51 39 51 42 West longitude From I to I to I to I t'o I to 1 to I to 49 21 49 35 57 13 56 58 56 27 56 00 55 33 56 13 57 32 59 15 52 50 51 51 53 09 52 00 52 32 53 02 51 50 52 20 52 25 52 07 From Amour Point to Belle Isle. 51 34 I 52 01 From 53 45 I 55 30 to 53 45 53 50 53 57 54 01 53 56 54 04 54 16 55 55 56 18 56 25 56 40 56 58 57 11 57 12 Concordia. to Indian Harbor. Approaches to Hamilton Inlet. 46 48 52 56 48 48 49 08 49 30 50 35 50 37 50 39 50 50 51 08 51 08 51 10 51 14 51 15 51 21 51 28 51 29 51 29 51 33 Strait of Belle 51 49 51 56 52 02 52 10 53 07 Hamilton Inlet From 52 10 I to 52 22 Description 52 24 52 20 52 10 53 19 53 12 53 10 48 40 57 48 58 00 57 40 57 02 57 08 49 46 50 02 51 15 56 34 50 04 Isle 51 23 51 13 51 08 51 30 50 10 tn 51 30 51 30 Growler. Do. Field ic« limits. Berg. Berg and growler. 2 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Many bergs and bits. Growler. Western boundary field ice. Belt and patches heavy field ice. Berg (same as No. 1017). Berg and 2 growlers. Berg. Do. Do. Do. 2 bergs. Do. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Scattered bergs and growlers. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Field ice with many bergs and bits. Numerous small growlers. 46 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 1370 1371 1372 1373 1374 1375 1376 1377 1378 1379 1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400 Name of vessel June 19 Hydro June 20 .--do--, --do.-, .--do-.-, -.do--- --do--.. --do-... --do-... --do---, -.do-... -.do-... -.do---. -do-... -do- -do- -do- -do-. -do., -do-, -do., -do-, -do-, -do-, -do-, -do.. ---do-. -do-, -do-, -do-, .do-, -do-, -do-, -do., -do., -do-, .do-, -do., -do., -do-- -do.- _do-. .do.. Ice Patrol plane. do do ..-.do .--.do -..-do --.-do L'Aventure Ice Patrol plane. ...-do -.-do do do do do do L'Aventure Ice Patrol plane . do do do do do do --.-do USNS Mission Los Angeles. Ice Patrol plane do do do do do ---do ----do .---do .---do --.-do ----do .---do Dunelmia ----do TWA plane North latitude West longitude 54 29 54 00 54 00 53 46 53 28 53 50 53 50 54 12 54 40 55 03 55 23 55 40 From I 57 to 06 to I to I to 1 to I to I to I to I to I to 1 to I to I to I 56 44 56 45 55 45 55 30 54 00 56 25 56 40 57 50 57 25 58 40 55 55 I 58 28 48 28 53 00 48 42 52 57 49 00 51 07 49 04 53 30 49 10 53 28 49 12 53 24 49 17 52 20 49 20 52 32 49 22 50 58 Ofi Cape Freels- 49 38 I 52 17 From Cape Freels to Fogo Island. 20 miles northeast of Fogo Island. 50 05 50 07 50 15 50 16 50 22 50 26 50 27 50 30 50 31 50 35 50 38 50 40 50 40 52 36 50 44 50 47 50 49 50 53 50 54 50 59 51 03 51 03 51 03 51 05 51 07 51 13 51 17 52 00 52 10 52 10 From 49 36 53 23 50 26 49 45 51 12 50 40 51 12 52 10 50 48 49 34 50 57 51 26 53 20 53 42 48 55 49 45 48 36 52 03 51 07 50 45 49 54 51 14 51 43 50 55 49 45 49 53 50 51 53 35 53 15 49 25 Description Field ice limits. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Berg and many growlers. Berg. 10 bergs. Berg. 25 bergs. 5 bergs. Berg.' Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Berg. Do. 27 bergs and'numerous growlers. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 4 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. 3 bergs. 47 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409 1410 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 Date June 20 ..do---- -do--.. ._do.--. .-_do---. -.do---, .--do--.. —do---. ...do---, .-.do--. -do- June 21 —do--. ...do--- ...do--- ...do... ...do... ..-do-.. — do-.- .-.do-.. Name of vessel 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 Manchester Progress Dunelmia ----do Manchester Progress -..-do do L' A venture Manchester Progress Caslon USNS Edisto Hydro - North latitude Ice Patrol plane do USCGC Westwind. Ice Patrol plane do -do- -do. .do- -do- -.do- -do- June 22 -.do-.-- ..-do.... .--do---. .--do--., .--do---, .--do---, .--do--- .--do-.. ..-do--- ---do--- Hydro- .-do Ice Patrol plane - do do do do--- do do-- --. do do do -do- -do- -do- -do- USCGO Westwind. Ice Patrol plane . do-- - do do ..do USCOC Westwind. ...do Hydro 52 11 52 11 52 15 52 18 52 22 52 30 48 41 West longitude 52 10 53 30 53 15 51 05 51 10 52 55 52 30 Northward from 52 30 52 33 53 57 53 55 54 05 53 20 51 27 55 56 From I to I to I to 55 52 56 35 Description 2 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Growler. IScattered growlers and heavy / field ice. Several growlers. Many growlers and north and south belts field ice. (Western boundary. 54 30 1 Trinity Bay . - . Bonavista Bay. 49 11 50 03 50 08 50 13 50 13 50 21 50 25 57 05 57 00 52 42 50 53 51 45 49 22 51 11 49 46 50 35 From 3 miles east of South Wolf Island to Southeast Rocks to 1 mile east of White Bear Island to 2 miles east of Cape Harri- son to 55 30 I 57 15 to 55 35 55 25 55 20 55 52 58 00 58 25 58 34 59 10 59 35 From South Wolf Island to Gready Island to Inde- pendent Harbour to South Stag Island to North Stag Island to Tumbledown Dick Is- land to Herring Island to Tommy Rocks. 48 35 48 40 48 40 48 40 48 50 49 08 49 10 49 23 50 08 50 27 51 10 53 00 53 10 53 18 50 50 52 40 53 10 49 23 49 50 49 40 From 50 35 I 52 44 to 52 12 47 37 49 06 49 52 49 55 52 30 52 35 53 00 53 35 52 55 53 40 50 38 50 33 50 27 From I 53 00 to I 52 43 to 52 50 55 45 2 small bergs. 11 bergs. Small berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Medium berg. Small berg. Eastern boundary field ice. Western boundary field ice. Small berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 5 bergs. Medium berg. Do. Small berg. Scattered bergs, bits, and growl- ers. Growler. Do. Do. Do. Field ice boundary. North and south patch of field ice 10 miles wide and 15 miles long. 48 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date Name of vessel 1440 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449 1450 1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 1470 1471 1472 1473 June 22 Hydro. -do. .do- .do. June 23 — do..__. --do..... ...do ...do ...do ...do -.do June 24 ...do -do -do June 25 -do..-. -do.... -do.... -do..... -do..... -do. ..do. -do. -do. June 26 ...do..... ...do.... ...do ...do ..do ..do ..do June 27 ..do Oscar Gorthon Hydro. US A F plane do do... do Disarfell Hydro USNS Redbud-... Ebba Blumenfeld. --.do USNSEdisto Ice Patrol plane... do do John W. MacKay do - Hydro .do. Transatlantic. Hydro John W. MacKay. Gileannes Ramore Head. do... .-- do do..- .- do USNS Edisto John W. MacKay. do North latitude West longitude From 53 41 56 04 to 53 55 56 30 to 54 07 to 56 48 54 28 to 56 45 54 45 to 57 00 1 54 47 to 57 25 54 50 to 57 40 55 00 to 57 45 55 06 to 58 12 55 20 to 58 44 55 40 to 59 30 55 51 59 55 From 53 41 1 to 56 04 53 51 1 to 56 40 54 00 1 to 57 03 54 17 1 to 57 10 Indian Harbour thence along coast to 55 10 1 to 59 25 55 15 1 to 59 45 55 30 i to 60 00 I 55 50 1 60 15 55 22 57 45 49 50 49 30 49 55 50 38 50 40 55 10 51 00 54 00 51 10 54 15 51 23 53 18 52 42 1 54 05 HamiH on Inlet 50 21 52 30 54 16 53 36 54 18 53 5.5 Appr caches to Hamilton Inlet. 48 33 51 05 48 43 50 48 48 50 48 38 49 39 49 12 49 43 49 15 Notre Dam e Bay and White Bav Northern hj If Strait of Belle Isle. 52 20 53 22 50 00 55 00 49 39 49 08 50 07 Fr( nn 49 55 51 54 t 1 54 16 52 09 52 43 52 19 52 12 52 22 52 22 52 23 51 40 52 28 51 30 54 32 55 59 49 39 49 00 49 48 49 25 Description Eastern bomidary field ice. Western bomidary field ice. Northwest and southeast patch of field ice 5 miles wide and 35 miles long. 2 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Large berg. 10 bergs. Brash ice. Scattered bergs. 2 bergs and several growlers. 6 bergs and several growlers. Heavy belts field ice becoming scattered fields. Radar target, probable berg. Do. Drydock berg. Radar target, probable berg. Do. Many bergs. Few bergs. 15 mile area of large growlers. North and south belt of field ice 8 miles wide and 25 miles long. Berg. Large berg. > Numerous bergs and growlers. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Few bergs and brash. Berg. Radar target, probable berg. 49 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 1487 June 27 ...do— - ...do..— ...do June 28 ...do.— . ...do ...do— _. ...do-... ...do.. ...do ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. Name of vessel Sea Monitor do do USNSEdisto Ferm Monarch do John W. MacKay. do 1488 ...do. 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500 1501 1502 1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 June 29 ..do..... -.do ..do ...do-.-.. ...do- — ...do..--. ...do ...do—-. ...do ...do..-. ...do..... ...do.-... ...do—. ...do-— . ...do--.. ...do-... ...do— ...do-.. ...do--. ...do..-. do-... do...- do— - ...do— ...do.... ...do— -.-do—. ...do..- ---do— . ...do.... ...do— . ...do.... ...do— - 1523 ...do. Saxonia. .do. ....do Hydro. USNSEdisto. Hydro- Ice Patrol plane ...-do Monarch Ice Patrol plane — Unidentified plane. Ice Patrol plane Monarch Ice Patrol plane — Monarch Ice Patrol plane — BOAC plane. Ice Patrol plane — do Kattegatt Ice Patrol plane... BOAC plane Ice Patrol plane... do Capital Airlines... Blairspey Saxonia Blairspey Columbia do-... do do- do do do do do do C. D. Howe-.. USNS Edlsto. Hydro. North latitude West longitude 50 22 50 38 50 42 Hamilton Inlet 48 20 48 49 48 50 49 40 49 42 52 10 52 20 52 12 51 49 51 49 51 49 SI 46 From I to From I to 48 37 52 12 52 11 49 21 49 17 51 00 52 53 53 45 From 51 46 I 53 45 to Belle Isle. 30 miles seaward from George Island. 54 21 I 67 26 From Cape Makkovik to 55 15 I 58 15 to 54 25 I 56 45 to Indian Harbour. Description 2 bergs. Berg. Do. Scattered floes and rotten sea ice. Berg. Do. Do. Radar target, probable berg. Do. ilo rt 47 00 49 15 49 28 49 35 49 40 49 52 49 57 50 00 50 01 50 02 50 07 50 07 50 09 50 10 50 13 50 17 50 22 50 25 50 53 51 39 52 56 49 20 51 53 48 51 48 24 51 00 51 10 48 48 51 03 50 42 50 06 51 28 50 00 51 40 51 30 50 06 50 25 50 15 52 22 50 55 In Strait of Belle Isle west- ward to longitude 57°20' W. 51 46 51 48 51 49 51 50 51 52 51 53 51 29 52 02 52 02 52 18 52 21 54 44 Hamilton Inlet From 54 27 I to I to I to 51 12 53 55 53 45 53 39 53 58 53 06 53 58 52 43 53 50 51 15 50 58 54 42 54 23 54 35 54 40 55 10 55 20 55 08 56 30 57 35 57 03 57 40 57 35 58 55 adar targets, probable bergs. [8 i-adar targets, probable bergs. 11 radar targets, probable bergs. Scattered patches field ice. Scattered belts block and floe ice. Eastern boundary field ice. Small berg. Medium berg. Berg. Medium berg. Berg. Small berg. Do. Do. Large berg. Do. Berg. Medium berg. Do. 2 bergs. Small berg. Berg. Small berg. Medium berg. Berg. Do. Numerous bergs. Berg. Radar target, probable berg. Do. Do. Do. 3 bergs. Radar target, probable berg. 2 bergs. Radar target, probable berg. Berg. Do! Scattered belts block and floe ice. Field ice boimdary. 50 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued Date June 29 June 30 -..do _._do _-.do July 1 ...do ...do ...do ...do _._do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do..-.. ...do ...do ...do -do Name of vessel Hydro- July ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do. ...do. ...do. .do- .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Finupulp KIM aircraft Sneaton Unidentified plane. do do PAA plane Botne ....do do do Unidentified plane _ USN vessel Unidentified plane . Slick plane do Sneaton ....do Hedja USN vessel do use GO McCulloch. do do do do do .- do Homerlc- USCGC McCulloch. Cleopatra Hydro - ..do. North latitude Transatlantic Cleopatra USCQC McCulloch... Cleopatra USCGC McCulloch.... do do West longitude namUton Inlet from 53 36 54 29 49 22 50 50 52 06 52 45 49 25 49 28 49 50 49 53 50 12 50 19 50 24 50 46 50 48 50 50 51 20 51 20 51 45 51 47 52 42 53 42 54 36 50 17 50 31 50 47 50 58 51 42 51 46 51 49 to 56 30 56 55 49 21 48 56 50 30 51 30 53 00 53 21 50 45 54 40 54 20 53 35 53 05 50 03 50 48 50 50 50 30 50 40 54 57 54 48 50 56 54 30 54 54 51 21 60 52 51 17 51 07 50 52 51 00 51 20 From 51 54 [ 53 43 51 58 62 00 to I From i to 51 30 61 00 52 38 [ 61 00 62 22 52 40 52 29 52 40 52 45 52 45 52 55 53 00 53 00 From 53 18 51 57 51 07 51 57 51 08 51 57 51 22 51 21 51 17 From I 53 56 I 56 53 to 54 05 I 56 25 to 64 17 I 56 54 to 54 20 I 57 06 to 54 27 I 57 16- From 53 58 I 56 55 to 54 01 54 27 54 50 56 04 55 01 56 18 56 41 56 48 56 50 57 22 57 42 57 48 58 10 thence along eastern edges of islands to 65 04 I 58 53 Description I Many northwest and southeast 1 belts and patches field ice. Berg. 3 bergs. Berg and 2 growlers. Berg. 12 bergs. Berg. Do. 3 bergs. Berg. 3 bergs Berg. Do. 6 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. 2 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. 18 bergs and 15 growlers. Berg. Do. Berg and several growlers. 2 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. m9 bergs. 11 bergs. 21 bergs and numerous growlers. 4 bergs and growlers. 2 bergs and 1 growler. Berg and gi-owler. 2 bergs. Small berg. 2 small bergs. Growler. Western boimdary of field ice blocking Hamilton Inlet. Eastern boundary of field Ice blocking Hamilton Inlet. 51 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued Date July 3 ...do.... _-.do.— , ...do.-... ...do..... ...do..._. ...do_.... .._do__-. ...do ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do ...do ...do .._do_-... ...do ...do..... ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do_..-. ...do--... ...do..... ...do..... ...do..... ...do ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do..__. July 4 ...do ...do..... ...do ...do..._. .do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do ...do..... ...do...-. ...do..... ...do-.... ...do..... ...do ...do.-... ...do-.... ...do..... ...do ...do... . ...do.-... ...do..... ...do-.-.. ...do ...do ...do— .. ...do..... ...do—.. ...do ...do ...do..... ...do ...do July 5 ...do ...do ...do..... ...do..... ...do ...do ...do Name of vessel Swiss Airlines plane. do do do do do TWA plane PAA plane TWA plane Swiss Airlines plane. do do do Unidentified plane - . Swiss Atrltnes plane. do do SAS plane Homeric. do-. do do do Benny Skou do do do.. do do do... do-. do TCA plane Transocean plane Fredborg.. TWA plane USNS Marine Carp. Castel Felice do. do do do do-. do do-. Asia Castel Felice Asia do... do do.. do do.. do do- do do.. do do. ....do.. ....do do. do do Carrasco- Asia. do ....do... ....do KIM plane Stockholm ....do... BOAC plane Unidenttfled plane ....do ....do ..-.do. North latitude 49 22 49 35 49 45 49 48 49 49 49 SO 49 55 50 00 50 00 50 08 50 09 50 10 50 11 50 12 50 12 50 20 50 32 51 10 51 44 51 51 51 56 51 57 52 06 52 38 52 40 52 40 52 48 52 54 52 57 53 00 53 09 53 15 49 12 49 12 49 15 49 30 West longitude From 52 10 51 40 48 37 49 00 48 10 49 10 48 10 50 00 47 40 48 45 50 04 49 14 51 00 50 20 49 50 51 22 49 30 50 00 48 10 51 01 50 54 51 00 51 11 53 25 53 15 52 45 53 00 52 66 52 08 52 26 52 40 52 05 51 51 48 17 48 47 48 42 49 10 50 00 50 00 Description West coast of Strait of Belle Isle from Flat Island to Green Island. rait of Bell e Isle - . 54 Do. 51 36 44 Do. 51 37 55 00 Berg. 51 38 54 38 Do. 51 38 54 42 2 bergs. 51 40 55 05 Berg. 51 40 55 07 2 bergs. 51 43 52 34 Berg. 51 43 55 02 2 bergs. 51 52 52 34 Berg. 51 53 52 62 Do. 51 54 52 41 Do. 51 55 52 06 Do. 51 55 52 41 Do. 51 56 51 55 Do. 51 57 52 41 Do. 51 59 51 09 Do. 52 00 52 02 Do. 52 01 50 44 Do. 52 03 50 34 Do. 52 04 52 12 Do. 52 05 50 04 Do. 52 05 50 26 Do. 52 05 50 41 Do. 52 16 60 25 Do. 52 21 50 25 Do. 51 33 56 30 Several growlers 51 47 52 30 Growler. 52 08 50 25 Do. 52 09 60 30 Do. 52 16 60 20 Do. 49 00 48 05 2 bergs. 49 03 48 46 Berg. 49 20 48 10 Do. 50 10 51 45 Do. 50 14 51 54 Do. 50 15 49 35 Do. 50 15 50 00 Do. 51 27 50 37 Several bergs. Berg. Do. 2 bergs. Berg. Do. 3 bergs. Berg. Several bergs. Do. Berg. Do. Do. Do. 6 bergs within 20 mile radius. Berg. Do. Do. 12 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Berg and growler. Berg. ■« »«^ Many bergs and'growlers. Do. 52 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued Date July 5 ...do.-.. ..-do-._ ...do-__ ...do... ...do.... ...do.... ---do.... ...do— . ---do.... ..-do..-. ...do-... ...do.... ...do..-. ...do.-.. ...do.... ...do.... ...do... .do-.. .do.... ...do .do... ...do.... ...do..- ...do.... ...do.... ...do..... ...do.... July 6 ...do.... ...do..... ...do..-., -.-do.—, —do..... ...do ...do-.... July 7 ...do ...do ...do .... ...do...-. ...do ...do ...do -.-do -.-do ---do -.-. ---do ...do ...do..... ...do..-- --do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do July 8 ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do .... July 9 ...do ...do ...do ...do-... ...do ...do ...do..... ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do..... Name of vessel Castel Felice do do do Lismoria do do.. do... do do do do.... do do do do do do do. do do do do do do.. do.. do. do Manchester City. do do. do do do... do do Ice Patrol plane.. do do do-... do USNS Tanner.... Ice Patrol plane. . do do do.... do... do do.. do do. do do do do.. do. do. do do do do do TWA plane. USNS Tanner—- Ice Patrol plane -- do. - do - Oslofjord Ice Patrol plane--. ----do. --..do... ....do. ...-do --..do... Baron Herries Ice Patrol plane... ...-do.. ....do. ....do. Tarfala Poseidon North latitude 51 31 51 31 51 32 51 40 52 00 52 04 52 10 52 11 52 12 52 14 52 16 52 17 52 17 52 23 52 25 52 26 52 30 52 32 52 34 52 41 52 42 52 42 52 43 52 44 53 01 52 22 52 27 52 42 52 28 52 30 52 34 52 43 52 48 52 48 52 50 52 50 48 53 49 20 49 27 49 39 49 43 50 05 50 07 50 17 50 24 50 38 50 41 50 43 50 44 50 50 51 08 51 13 51 18 51 27 51 27 51 28 51 37 50 53 51 19 48 55 49 20 49 30 50 12 50 25 47 58 48 45 48 53 48 56 49 06 49 16 49 23 49 27 49 32 49 33 49 35 49 35 49 36 49 36 49 38 49 40 52 27 West longitude 50 51 51 00 51 28 50 57 54 05 54 01 53 52 53 58 53 42 53 36 53 48 53 09 53 27 52 34 53 39 52 28 53 17 52 SO 51 50 52 15 51 16 52 35 52 22 52 09 51 39 53 07 52 59 52 04 52 48 52 46 62 23 51 59 51 42 52 01 51 31 51 52 49 03 48 15 47 53 49 10 49 20 51 38 49 24 49 33 50 31 50 40 60 34 49 23 50 47 50 45 50 10 51 17 50 45 50 19 50 24 49 69 60 17 49 47 49 39 48 56 48 10 47 40 50 40 52 00 53 08 53 19 53 36 48 52 51 14 47 64 63 23 62 66 63 17 52 18 49 00 49 10 47 26 48 63 52 14 49 03 53 47 Description Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Berg and growler. Berg. Berg and growler. Berg. Do. Do. Radar target, probable berg. Berg. Radar target, probable berg. Berg. Radar target, probable berg. Berg. Berg and growler. Berg. Radar target, probable berg. Do. Berg. Do. Growler. Do. Do. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Radar target, probable berg. Berg. Radar target, probable berg. Do. Small berg. Do. Do. Do. Medium berg. Berg. Small berg. Medium berg. Do. Small berg. Medium berg. Do. Small berg. Do. Do. Do. Large berg. Small berg. Do. Medium berg. Do. Growler. Do. Small berg. Do. Do. Berg. 3 bergs. Growler. Small berg. Do. Berg. Small berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Berg, growler, and bits. Small berg. Do. Do. Do. Berg. Few bergs and growlers. 53 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 1723 July 10 ...do ...do USNS Bondia 50 14 51 23 2 bergs and growlers. 1724 do 50 38 50 54 51 18 49 48 Widely scattered bergs. Berg. 1725 do 1726 do Ramore Head 51 48 54 53 3 bergs. 1727 ...do do... 52 07 53 37 Berg. 1728 ...do..... do 52 08 53 31 Do. 1729 ...do..... do 52 11 53 57 Do. 1730 ...do..... do 52 14 53 05 Do. 1731 do do 52 15 52 15 52 17 53 24 53 42 53 06 Do. Do. Do. 1732 ...do..„. ...do....- do 1733 do 1734 ...do ...do Arosa Kulm 52 18 52 18 50 11 53 33 Do. Do. 1735 Ramore Head 1735 ...do do.. 52 18 53 52 Do. 1737 ...do..... do 52 20 53 00 Do. 1738 ...do .....do 52 20 53 25 Do. 1739 ...do ...do ...do ...do July 11 do 52 21 52 25 52 26 52 28 50 04 53 45 50 23 52 38 50 05 51 27 Do. Berg and 4 growlers. Berg. Do. Do. 1740 Arosa Kulm 1741 Ramore Head 1742 Arosa Star 1743 USNS Preserver 1744 do August Sartori 51 40 53 52 Do. 1745 ...do do 51 41 54 15 Do. 1746 ...do do 51 45 53 49 Do. 1747 ...do..... do 51 46 54 07 Do. 1748 . .do do 61 47 55 07 Do. 1749 ...do ...do Rialto 51 54 49 12 51 06 51 45 Radar target, probable berg. Growler. 1750 USNS Preserver 1751 July 12 Ice Patrol plane 49 03 48 20 Small berg. 1752 ...do Nova Scotia 49 08 48 18 Berg. 1753 ...do Kristina Thorden 49 12 48 09 Do. 1754 ...do Ice Patrol plane 49 42 49 00 Small berg. 1755 ...do ...do do 49 53 51 11 47 33 50 47 Do. Berg. 1756 USNS Preserver 1757 ...do do 52 09 50 20 Do. 1758 ...do ...do..... do 52 37 48 47 50 05 52 56 Do. Growler. 1759 USCOC Evergreen 1760 ...do Ice Patrol plane 49 32 50 26 Do. 1761 ...do do 49 33 47 19 Do. 1762 . .do .. Nova Scotia 49 35 47 10 Do. 1763 ...do Ice Patrol plane 49 43 48 46 Do. 1764 ...do do 49 46 48 45 Do. 1765 July 13 USNS Brownson 49 59 51 20 Berg. 1766 ...do..... ...do . .do.... do 50 59 51 01 51 25 51 02 50 45 50 45 Do. Do. Do. 1767 do 1768 USNshlp 1769 do .. do 51 46 52 35 52 43 50 32 49 38 49 40 Do. Berg and 3 growlers. Berg. 1770 ...do....- ...do Homeric . 1771 do 1772 do USN ship 52 48 49 39 Do. 1773 ...do do 54 53 49 48 Do. 1774 ...do USNS Brownson 51 00 50 50 Growler. 1775 July 14 Ice Patrol plane 49 35 49 48 Small berg. 1776 ...do..... do 49 52 48 50 Do. 1777 ...do do 50 05 50 15 Do. 1778 ...do ...do do 50 10 50 18 49 45 49 50 Do. Do. 1779 do 1780 ...do do 50 22 49 18 Do. 1781 ...do do 50 30 50 58 Do. 1782 ...do do 50 38 50 50 Medium berg. 1783 ...do do 50 39 50 20 Do. 1784 ...do do 50 42 49 51 Small berg. 1785 ...do do 50 45 50 22 Do. 1786 ...do..... do 50 50 50 18 Do. 1787 do.... . do 50 57 50 12 Do. 1788 ...do do 51 00 50 30 Medium berg. 1789 ...do ...do..... ...do ...do do 51 15 51 15 51 25 51 34 48 45 50 45 49 58 52 05 Small berg. Medium berg. Do. Berg. 1790 do 1791 ....do - 1792 USCOC Evergreen 1793 ...do do 51 44 52 39 Do. 1794 ...do do 51 50 52 32 Do. 1795 do . do --- 51 59 49 35 49 52 52 46 49 48 48 40 Do. Do. Do. 1796 ...do ...do Hydro 1797 do 1798 ...do do 49 40 48 40 Growler. 1799 July 15 ...do USS Preserver 61 55 52 05 51 30 50 44 Berg. Do. 1800 do 1801 ...do..... ...do do ^. 52 10 52 26 51 35 52 15 Do. 2 bergs. 1802 tlSCGC Evergreen 1803 ...do... . do 62 35 j 53 35 53 30 66 37 Numerous bergs. ] 1804 ...do do 1 54 36 to 64 10 p9 bergs. 54 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 Date July 16 -_do.__, .-.do July 17 .-.do -.do -.do --do --do --do July 18 .--do...-, .--do..... ..-do-... ..-do-.._. --do -do-.-- Julv 19 .do..-.. .do Name of vessel Hydro do do : Unideutifled aircraft.. Hydro ----do -. -do -.--do do. do. July 20 July 21 ..-do .--do —do -do -do Tomoe do do ----do -.--do ---do --.-do Hydro -.--do ----do USCarplane. use GO Cook'Inlet USCQC Evergreen.. do -..-do US CO plane - -.--do -do. --do.... July 24 --.do-... --.do.... July 25 --.do--... ...do—.. —do —do..... —do —do ...do..... -.do— . July 27 July 28 .-do --do .-do .-do July 29 .-do ..do July 30 ..do .-do -do. -do - do.-.-. Julv 31 -.do.--. -.do—.. ..do .-do-... ..do -..do.—. -.-do --do —do ---do Ranenfjord Hydro -.--do .---do USNS Millieaoma- ----do ---.do -.-.do ..-.do ..--do -.-.do do " -.-.do -.--do : ■ USCG plane- -- ----do -.--do .---do Hydro USCG plane Virginia -.-.do Hydro -.-.do .--.do -...do. ----do- -...do- -_..do- -...do- ..-.do- -.-.do. ..-.do. ..--do- ..-_dO- --.-do- --.-do- North latitude 49 17 49 18 49 19 49 48 52 15 52 16 52 18 52 20 52 29 52 29 50 47 50 47 50 48 50 48 50 49 50 49 50 50 52 00 52 11 52 14 West longitude 52 36 52 12 52 29 48 20 52 17 51 47 51 57 52 16 52 48 51 52 50 40 50 27 50 33 49 55 50 20 50 16 50 48 53 50 53 39 53 16 ' Inside line drawnti from "' " 53 28 51 59 51 17 51 59 48 50 51 51 52 00 52 14 52 28 53 68 54 25 53 28 51 59 49 54 49 40 49 47 Within 15 mile radius of 48 55 I 52 05 49 26 I 50 53 Within 20 mile radius of 50 53 49 48 50 00 52 09 53 21 51 50 51 55 51 58 53 33 53 33 54 11 54 15 54 18 54 25 52 03 49 03 49 35 50 35 50 40 50 22 49 00 48 48 49 49 50 03 51 03 51 35 53 15 53 45 53 50 54 00 50 51 52 20 52 20 52 20 52 22 52 24 52 28 52 33 52 46 52 53 53 00 50 14 47 55 49 00 51 53 51 56 53 02 53 16 53 10 52 53 53 05 52 42 53 00 53 01 52 58 51 05 52 45 52 30 49 40 50 35 52 44 53 02 50 15 50 15 49 52 52 06 52 06 52 06 52 05 52 25 53 00 53 30 54 22 53 24 53 10 53 30 54 25 53 33 53 12 53 24 53 34 53 52 Description Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. ■30 bergs. Berg. 3 bergs. Berg. Do. H small bergs. Berg. >7 small bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 6 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 2 bergs. 3 bergs. 14 bergs. 4 bergs. 6 bergs. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 381304—56- 55 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. Date Name of vessel North latitude West longitude Description 1871 1872 1873 July 31 Aug. 1 do Hydro do do 53 40 tc 54 20 48 20 51 00 48 16 48 34 48 46 50 15 50 30 51 00 53 00 48 18 50 03 50 38 50 57 50 57 51 17 51 25 52 00 49 34 49 38 49 44 50 18 49 58 50 26 50 43 49 30 50 31 51 17 52 33 52 36 52 51 52 58 53 21 53 43 54 47 51 46 52 10 52 27 52 46 52 47 52 54 52 57 53 00 53 05 53 30 53 53 52 38 52 39 52 40 49 55 50 00 54 37 54 52 52 45 52 48 Within 10 n 53 09 52 32 .52 34 49 08 49 09 49 09 49 34 50 05 50 23 51 00 54 52 54 53 54 58 54 59 49 23 52 32 52 39 51 00 52 51 52 08 52 24 52 28 52 28 52 41 51 52 49 00 53 10 54 50 50 32 52 10 50 37 49 58 49 39 50 46 49 05 49 50 50 42 51 00 52 41 54 04 54 03 49 00 53 20 52 56 49 40 53 12 52 19 53 25 50 57 50 28 49 55 48 45 52 30 48 31 52 00 50 42 50 15 50 43 51 34 51 28 50 48 51 12 53 00 54 52 53 27 53 09 52 40 52 19 52 25 52 28 52 34 53 39 52 10 50 48 50 15 50 00 49 40 49 50 51 43 50 42 52 26 52 18 lile radius o 51 10 53 11 53 13 53 05 53 04 52 22 49 31 52 20 51 30 52 25 55 13 55 02 54 47 54 48 49 27 50 02 50 13' 49 45 50 05 51 14 50 27 49 51 51 43 51 18 52 30 52 00 Many bergs. Berg. Do. 1874 ...do Aug. 4 ...do do do Growler. 1875 do . Berg. 1876 USCG plane Do. 1877 do Do. 1878 Aug. 7 ...do do TWA. plane. . . Do. 1879 Hydro Do. 1880 do Do. 1881 Aug. 9 do USCG plane Do. 1882 do Do. 1883 do do Do. 1884 do do Do. 1885 1886 ...do do - do do Do. Do. 1887 do do Do. 1888 ...do do - do Do. 1889 do Growler. 1890 do do Do. 1891 do do Do. 1892 ...do Aug. 10 ...do ...do Aug. 11 ...do...-. ...do ...do ...do..... do Hydro Berg. 1893 do Do. 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 do do do do do Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1899 1900 1901 do do do Do. Do. Do. 1902 Aug. 12 ...do ...do..... ...do Aug. 14 do USCGCBibb Do. 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 do do do Sandsend do Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1908 1909 1910 1911 ...do..... ...do ...do ...do..... .. do do do do do Do. Do. 2 bergs. Berg. 1912 do Do. 1913 1914 ...do do do do Do. Do. 1915 ...do ...do ...do..... ...do....- ...do ...do...-. Aug. 15 Aug. 16 do do Do. 1916 - do Do. 1917 1918 1919 1920 Lorna do do TWA plane Do. Do. Do. Do. 1921 1922 1923 Unidentified plane Ernst Blumenfeld do Do. Do. Do. 1924 Aug. 17 do Tyrone Do. 1925 do . Do. 1926 ...do Aug. 18 do . do 9 bergs. 1927 1928 Empress of Australia . . . .- - do Berg. 2 bergs. 1929 ...do..... do USCG plane Berg. 1930 do Do. 1931 do -.-do Do. 1932 1933 1934 1935 ...do.-.-. ...do ...do..... Aug. 19 --.do - do do --- do do Hvdro - - Do. Do. Do. Do. 1936 1937 Heinricli Lorenz do Do. Do. 1938 do do Do. 1939 do - do Do. 1940 —do..-. Aug. 20 .. do Sally Stove Do. 1941 OSV Bravo . Do. 1942 - do Do. 1943 ...do ...do Aug. 21 --do —do --do ...do ...do Aug. 23 Hydro Do. 1944 2 bergs. 1945 Grootebeer Berg. 1946 do Do. 1947 do Do. 1948 do Do. 1949 1950 do Hydro... Do. Do. 1951 do Berg and growler. 56 TABLE OF ICE REPORTS, 1955— Continued No. 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 19S9 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Date Name of vessel Aug. 25 -.do__.. -.do.-., —do-— --do— . -.do..... --do..... --d0-__. Aug. 27 -do,—. -_do— _. --do__... Sept. 3 -do -.do.-... -do..... -.do -do --do -do --do — do-— ---do --do --do -.do —do —do -.do Sept. 4 ...do .-.do Sept. 9 Sept. 10 —do —do -.do Sept. 23 Sept. 24 Sept. 26 Sept. 28 -do Sept. 30 Oct. 2 -.do - do -.do--, --do— . --do— - --do— - -do --do --do --.do .. --do. ,- ---do Oct. 5 ---do Oct. 9 Silver Aftou- do do- Beaverglen do do do- do Sunmont do ----do Manchester Mariner. La Hacinda do do do do do do do do USCGCBibb do . ---do do ,--. ----do-. -—do -. — -do ----do Unidentified plane- - . do do Hydro. Aurelian __. Ii'ene Star do do USCGC Duane Unidentified plane Hydro __ P.4. A plane TWA plane Lufthansa plane Hydro... do do -.--do ----do ----do ---do --.-do --.do .---do ---do --do ---.do P.-VA plane West German Airline plane. Unidentified plane North latitude 52 12 52 26 52 30 51 36 51 43 51 46 51 58 52 00 52 40 52 41 52 42 53 15 51 55 52 09 52 12 52 18 62 18 52 22 52 32 52 36 52 36 52 02 52 11 52 16 52 30 52 47 62 59 53 40 53 45 49 00 52 40 53 40 54 18 52 30 52 10 52 21 52 27 51 55 50 31 West longitude 53 49 53 52 54 02 56 37 56 15 55 33 55 43 55 29 52 33 52 38 52 55 51 19 53 42 53 44 51 55 52 52 51 38 53 17 51 46 51 51 51 47 51 49 51 53 51 10 51 14 51 43 51 04 51 23 51 13 53 20 51 40 50 35 55 18 51 00 51 25 50 55 51 23 51 42 51 23 Description Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Group of bers Do. Berg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 51 58 55 25 Do. 50 25 48 45 Do. 50 25 50 52 Do. 50 04 49 00 Do. 51 58 55 25 Do. 53 33 55 26 Do. 53 59 56 10 Do. 54 02 56 04 Do. 54 31 56 40 Do. 54 39 56 12 Do. 64 43 57 07 Do. 54 43 57 01 Do. 54 44 56 51 Do. 54 47 56 59 Do. 54 58 57 26 Do. 55 19 57 19 Do. 55 30 57 30 Do. 50 45 49 50 Do. 50 00 50 20 Do. 51 38 51 35 Do. 57 PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE GRAND BANKS AND THE LABRADOR SEA IN 1955 ' By Floyd M. Soule and J. E. Murray (U. S. Coast Guard) As in each of the seasons since 1948, in 1955 the JJSCGC Evergreeri served as the oceanogTaphic vessel of the ice patrol. Descriptions of the equipment in the laboratory and on deck for carrying out the mission of ice patrol oceanography are to be found in earlier bulletins of this series. The only change in 1955 was the addition of eci[uipment for taking 40-gallon water samples from subsurface levels down to depths of 150 meters. A continuous length of polyethelene plastic pipe was joined to an axial brass pipe and this ended externally at a packed slip joint where connection was made to a gear pump and valving system which permitted priming of the pump and plastic pipe with water from the ship's fire main. The plastic pipe was rove through a light 30-inch diameter fairlead sheave and the intake end lashed to the manila leader between the sinker and the ^32-inch wire rope which is normally used for handling Nansen water bottles. A bathythermograph was suspended from a bridle just below the sinker. It was found necessary to control the plastic pipe by securing it to the whe rope at intervals of about 1 5 meters as the pipe and wire were paid out. This was accomplished by means of snap hooks lashed to the pipe and snapped around the whe at points where clamps from Nansen water bottles were clamped to the wire Priming was com- pleted before submerging the intake end of the pipe. Once sub- merged, pumping continued until all deshed levels were sampled. At each sampling level, it was of course necessary to flush the pipe and pump system before taking the sample Because of the friction head involved the pumping rate was slow with %-inch pipe. Trials of a l}^-inch diameter pipe resulted in little saving in time as the increased pumping rate was overbalanced by the necessity of flushing four times the volume of pipe. Buoyancy of the pipe was a considera- tion and it was found that about 200 pounds of bronze sinkers were necessary with the l}^-inch pipe. The method described was found to be feasible in quiet water for depths down to about 150 meters.. For deeper samples other methods of collection are more likely to be productive. ' To be reprinted as Contribution No. 801 in the Collected Reprints of the Woods H^le Oceanographlc Institution. 59 Partly because of the small quantity and disposition of the ice and partly because of a boiler casualty on the Evergreen, only three dynamic topographic surveys were made during the 1955 season and of these only one covered the usual area between Flemish Cap and the Tail of the Grand Banks. As the Evergreen left Argentia on 30 March to begin the survey work no bergs had yet been reported except in the northern part of the Grand Banks area and as a result even the major features of the current pattern were unknown. The first survey was planned to explore the probable areas of hazard should bergs enter the area along the northeastern slope of the Grand Banks. Sm'face temperature reports prior to the beginning of the survey work had been atypically warm and in the neigbborhood of the Tail of the Banks lacked the contrast usually present there in the early part of the season. Hence it appeared that Labrador Current water did not extend much to the west of the 50th meridian in that vicinity. The first survey was planned to extend from just west of the Tail of the Banks northward along the eastern slope to about the latitude of Flemish Cap. The work of collection of data began at the southern end of the area at station 5741 on 1 April and progressed northward. On 6 April, shortly after leav^ing station 5770, it was necessary to heave to to await better weather for continuing the oceanographic work. Work was resumed about 8 hours later. Again on the evening of 7 April after completion of station 5775 it was necessary to heave to on account of weather, this time for 21% hours. It was necessary to heave to on account of weather a third time, after completion of station 5818, on the evening of 13 April. Work was resumed on the evening of 14 April and no further interruptions occurred. The collection of data was completed on the afternoon of 15 April, 87 stations having been coccupied. The Evergreen then proceeded to Argentia, arriving there on 16 April. The Evergreen departed Argentia on the morning of 25 April to begin a second survey. This survey was planned to cover the area seaward of the northeastern slope of the Grand Banks from the northern end of the area covered by the first survey northwestward as far as sea ice conditions permitted. The Bonavista triangle was encumbered by ice. For about a week previous to the beginning of the second survey a stationary barometric pressure low had been centered near the eastern edge of the Bonavista triangle and it was surmised that, with the movement of the low northward out of the area, the ice might spread southeastward. Accordingly the survey was begun at the south- eastern edge of the Bonavista triangle and progressed southeastward. The work of collection of data began on the morning of 26 April at station 5828. On the afternoon of 28 April a fire which disabled the heating boiler and evaporator left the ship without heat, and the ensuing cold and condensation posed problems of maintaining health and reasonable comfort which dictated the curtailment of the survey. 60 On 1 ]May the quiet weather came to an end. By noon it was too rough to carry out the GEK jog pattern and by 1210 it was necessary to heave to. At 0400 the next morning it was possible to proceed toward the next station, 5868, but progress was slow and the GEK progi'am could not be resumed until nearly noon on 2 May upon departure from station 5870. No fm"ther extended delays were encountered and the last station, 5877, was completed on the morning of 3 Alay. The Evergreen then proceeded to Argentia, arriving there on 4 May, During the sm'vey 50 stations were occupied. The Evergreen proceeded to Boston, where repairs to the heating boiler and evaporator were accomplished, and then returned to Argentia. On the morning of 1 June departure was taken from Argentia for the purpose of making a survey of the area northward of the Grand Banks. The northern limit of the survey was set at about the latitude of the Strait of Belle Isle and was determined by the southern limit of the sea ice. The eastern limit of the survey was far enough east to include the eastern margin of the Labrador Current and to include an adequate number of deep water stations to serve as reference stations for the numerous sections of anomaly of specific volume necessary for the determination of the dynamic heights of the shallow water stations. The Bonavista triangle Avas included in this survey and a network extended the surveyed area from the triangle to Flemish Cap. The work of collection of data began at the offshore end of the northernmost section, station 5878, on the morning of 3 June and progi-essed from north toward south. Very nearly ideal conditions of wind and sea prevailed throughout the survey and no delays were encountered other than that occasioned by the necessity of skirting the edge of field ice along the northern and western edges of the surveyed area. The collection of data at the 106 stations comprising the survey was com- pleted on the morning of 14 June at station 5983. The Evergreen then proceeded to Ai'gentia, arriving there on 15 June. On 17 June the Evergreen proceeded to Boston and on 7 July de- parted Boston to begin the post-season cruise. This was to consist of the occupation of the Bonavista triangle and a section across the Lab- rador Sea from South Wolf Island, Labrador, to Cape Farewell, Green- land. The work of collection of data began at station 5984 at the off-shore corner of the triangle on the morning of 11 July and progres- sed without incident, working around the triangle in a counter-clock- wise direction to the point of beginning and completing the work of collection for the triangle at station 6013 on the morning of 14 July. South Wolf Island was reached on the morning of 15 July and the work on the section across the Labrador Sea progi-essed without inci- dent until station 6036 where field ice was encountered about 10^2 miles off Cape Farewell. Visual and radar observation confirmed the ex- pectation from the previous several days of on-shore winds that the coastal belt of ice would be compact. Thus the work of collection of 61 data was completed at station 6036 on the evening of 18 July with the omission of only the last of the planned stations. The Evergreen then proceeded to Woods Hole, stopping briefly at Argentia on 22 July to pick up spare oceanographic equipment stored there during the season. Woods Hole was reached on 25 July and oceanogi-aphic equipment and personnel were off-loaded to complete the oceanographic field work for 1955. During the post-season cruise 53 stations were cocupied. The oceanogTaphic work was under the supervision of Oceanog- rapher Floyd AI. Soule who was assisted by LT John E. Murray. During the third survey LCDR Harry H. Carter also assisted. Other assistants in the observational work were Francis N. Brown, yeoman first class; Elwood C. Gray, aerographer's mate first class; Lewis M. Lawclay, aerographer's mate second class; Hugh R. McCartney Jr., aerographer's mate second class; and Bruce M. McCluskey, boat- swain's mate third class. Of the 296 stations occupied during the season and post-season surveys the 23 stations forming the section across the Labrador Sea were occupied from the surface to as near bottom as was practicable, and at the other 273 stations the observations extended to a depth of about 1500 meters where the depth of water permitted. As in pre- vious years, the intended depths of observation, in meters, were 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 600, 800, 1000 and thence by 500-meter intervals. The dynamic heights have been referred to the lOOO-decibar surface, except for the section across the Labrador Sea where the 1500-decibar surface has been used for reference. In addition to the usual measurements of temperature and salinity 264 samples were taken during the occupation of the South Wolf Island-Cape Farewell section for subsequent determination of total phosphorus concentration. Temperatures were measured with deep-sea reversing thermometers. Most of the protected thermometers used were of Richter and Wiese manufacture but a small percentage were made by Negi'etti and Zambra, G. M. Manufacturing Co., and the Kahl Scientific Instru- ment Corp. The depths of observation were based on unprotected thermometers made by Richter and Wiese and by Kahl. As de- scribed in earlier bulletins of this series a progi'am of intercomparison of the protected thermometers was carried out. From a total of 1994 comparisons, the probable difference between the corrected readings of a pah- of thermometers was 0.010° C. As many of the thermometers had recent laboratory comparisons with thermom- eters tested by the National Bureau of Standards, and as in most cases the temperatures are the means of the corrected readings of a pair of thermometers, it is considered that the observed temperatures listed in the table of oceanographic data have a probable error of about ±0.01° C. 62 As in previous years, routine salinity measui-ements were made with a Wenner salinity bridge. Measurements and tests of the instrument, made prior to the beginning of the 1955 field work, indicated no requirement for the redetermination of its calibration curve. During the routine measurements standardizations were made with water from an oil-sealed carboy of sea water and at least twice during each run a sample of Copenhagen water of the batch Pi 7 was measured as an unknown. At the end of each survey these measure- ments of Copenhagen water were used to compute such corrections as had to be made to the salinities measured during the survey. For the first survey and the post-season cruise the in- dicated corrections did not exceed 0.005°/oo so no corrections have been made to those salinities. For the second and third surveys corrections of — 0.007°/co and +0.008°/oo respectively have been applied. The dynamic topographic charts, however, were not redrawn and the dynamic heights shown in figures 14 and 15 consequently are respectively too low and too high by 5.2 and 6 dynamic mm. The relative topography and derived velocities and transports are not affected. The determinations of the total phosphorus concentration were carried out by personnel of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution as described in Bulletin No. 40 of this series. Figures 13, 14, 15 and 16 show, in chronological order, the current charts resulting from the three surveys made during the season and the post-season occupation of the Bonavista triangle. Figure 13 shows that at the time of the first survey the dynamic heights on the Grand Banks were about normal and the dynamic heights in the valley east of the Labrador Current were nearly normal. The dynamic heights on the seaward margin of the surveyed area were decidedly less than usual with the maximum heights about 30 dynamic centimeters less than usual. Thus, for the most part, the border of the Atlantic Cur- rent was outside the surveyed area. The Labrador Current was flow- ing with normal vigor from the northernmost section to the Tail of the Banks. From this survey it was expected that any bergs which might follow this path would not get further west than about 50°40' W,, south of the Grand Banks before recurving eastward. It was expected, further, that the southernmost point which such bergs might reach would be south of the southern limits of the survey and could only be estimated as about 40°20' N., occurring at about the 48th meridian. The areas in which bergs might approach the North Atlantic Track Agreement tracks were along the southern margin of the surveyed area between 49° W., and 47° W., and along the eastern margin of the surveyed area between 43° N., and 44° N. Eastward of the Labrador Current north of about 43°30' N., the gradients in the dynamic topog- raphy were so slight that if any bergs reached this area their move- ments would have been gi'eatly aft"ected by winds and transient wind 63 Figure 13. — Dynamic topography of the sea surface relative to the 1000-decibar surface from data collected 1-15 April 1955. Oceanographic station positions are indicated and the station numbers given at turning points. 64 65 66 Figure 16. — Dynamic topography of the sea surface relative to the 1000-decibar surface from data collected 11-14 July 1955. Oceanographic station positions are indicated and the station numbers given at turning points. currents. There was evidence that exceptionally vigorous wind sthring took place prior to this survey and over nearly the entire surveyed area there was a mixed surface layer about 50 meters in thickness. The northward moving water at the extreme western part of the survey is regarded as a compensating eddy associated with an increase in the strength of the Labrador Current. The temperatures support the presumption of an increase in the Labrador Current prior to this survey if it is also assumed that the initially weak current had warmer temperatures than usual and that a strengthening of the cur- rent would tend to erase such anomalies. The minimum temperatures observed in the several sections across the Labrador Current were, 67 from south to north, —0.05, -0.73, —0.74, -1.16, —1.20 and -1.42° C. "Wliile there is no overlap in surveyed area between the first and second, sUfvej^s, comparison of the southern end of figure 14 with the northern part of the first survey presented in figure 13 shows marked similarity from the 970.9-dynamic meter contour near 46°10' W., westward to the 971.0-dynamic meter contour. Westward of this, however, figure 14 shows a movement westward onto the banks in dynamic heights greater than about 971.01 dynamic meters. Thus the chances of a deep draft berg moving south of the 47th parallel along the eastern edge of the Grand Banks were much less than usual. The swiftest current found during the second survey, both as indicated by GEK and dynamic topography, was in the axis of the Labrador Current as it crossed the first section between stations 5836 and 5837. In an area more than 60 by 150 miles in extent, in the northeastern part of the surveyed area, the steady currents were practically non- existent with a total range in dynamic height of about 4 centimeters. Figure 15 shows the dynamic topography found during the third survey. Since no previous network survey of the area on the New- foundland shelf north of the Bonavista triangle has ever been made there exists no basis for comparison of this portion of figure 15 with normal conditions. A few earlier sections, widely spaced, have sug- gested tbe presence of an eddy. The principal interest, from a stand- point of practical application of oceanography to Ice Patrol, lay in the core of the Labrador Current near the continental slope and the area southeastward of the Bonavista triangle at and just northward of the latitude of Flemish Cap. Here figure 15, like figure 14, shows a pronounced set onto the Grand Banks. This movement into shoaler depths began as far north as 50° N., but was of practical magnitude only south of 48° N. The colder water of the temperature minimum of the Labrador Current apparently followed this path since the lowest temperature found in the section from Flemish Cap to the Grand Banks was —0.6° C. whereas temperatures as low as —1.48° C. were observed in the southeastern section of the Bonavista triangle. Thus the current in the water which is deep enough to permit passage of a large berg had temperatures warmer than the optimum for lengthy survival. In comparison to figure 14, there was an apparent westward shift of the current pattern in the vicinity of tbe valley between Flemish Cap and the Grand Banks. Figure 15 indicates that only such bergs as might cross the 49th parallel west of about 52°30' W., would follow the western branch of the Labrador Current and that any bergs crossing this parallel between 52°30' W., and about 49°30' W., would strand on the northern and northeastern slopes of the Grand Banks. Of those crossing the 49th parallel eastward of 49°30' W., it was expected that most would recurve eastward north of the latitude of Flemish Cap. Figure 16 68 shows the dynamic topogi^aphy found at the Bonavista triangle during the postseason cruise about a month later. During this interval there was an eastward shift of the current pattern along the northwest section of the triangle and this topography was interpreted to mean that any bergs entering the area from the north and crossing the 49th paraUel west of about 51°30' W., would, follow the western branch, that those crossing this parallel between 51°30' W., and 49°50' W., would strand on the Grand Banks and that those crossing eastward of about 49°40' W., would reciu-ve eastward and northeastward without reaching latitude 47° N. In the Grand Banks region Labrador Current water and Atlantic Current water have characteristic temperature-salinity relationships which identify them as water masses. Here also these parent water masses usually mix in a sufficiently constant proportion so that the mixed water can be regarded as a vhtual water mass. In 1955 only the first survey was located in the area which has been the soiu-ce of the T-S data considered in the past. The relationships found during this survey are shown as solid lines in figure 17 and are compared with averages for the 8-year period 1934-41, shown in broken lines. The 1955 T-S curve for Labrador Current water is like that for the 8-year mean but is fresher than the mean below about 400 meters. The mixed water in 1955 was fresher than the mean and slightly warmer throughout. In 1955 the Atlantic Current water was slightly saltier than the mean above 600 meters and fresher below that level. It was also slightly warmer than the mean above about 800 meters. In 1955, level for level, all the water masses were lighter than the mean at all levels. Geographically, the northern sections show normal Labrador Current water. In the southern sections there was some mixing of Labrador Current water with mixed water in the area usually occupied by Labrador Current water. Also the southern sections showed some mixing of mixed water with Atlantic Current water. The Flemish Cap area was occupied by normal mixed water. For the first and only 1955 survey which extended far enough south to include a portion of the cold wall its position was determined as in other years using as a criterion the horizontal projection of the line along which a temperature of 6° C corresponds to a salinity of 34.95°/oo. The area included between this boundary and rhumb lines of the 45th parallel, the 49th meridian from 45° N., to 43° N., and a line from 43° N., 49° W., through 42° N., 47° W., extended to the boundary, was 8.5 x 10* square kilometers. This area, adjusted for the volume transport of the Labrador Current entering the area past the 45th parallel, reduced to 5.16. This adjusted area, A, did not compare well with the 2.30 computed from the prediction formula, A=6. 97(11— 5.07)-fl. 67 in which A is the adjusted area and H, expressed in feet, is the sea level at Charleston, minus the departure from average sea level at Bermuda 11}^ months earlier. As only one 69 a> 00 TEMPERATURE »C u) in 't lo OJ T a B \ '^ \ \ \ N \ o o — \p- o o '* '""Ov''^*^.^ CD lA. ^j- z\ \^ O^ :isv. ) liJ \ \ O ~JKhJ ^~ O f \l^ > =>q:\ O UJ \ \ Oh ^/8^ *\ ^ w \. \ 1 CD \ \ A ^- ^ \ \ - ' \ U L \ O \ » \ Z N \ < V ^ \ i-°V.° \ \ _i \ \ <^J Jv\ \^ '. , o\ i \ \l > °\\ \ \ O 4r 1 \ \i \ o T\ v Vs. \ cj p N \ i ^<^ ^ \ A \^ \ \ \ \\ \^^ \ \ 1 \ \\ \s^ \ 1 1 \ V \^ ^ \ \ 1 T2 1 \ \ \ \ 1 1 1 o\ \ \ \ 1 OT^ "'^ o CM " .»-» ^^ \ ^ V O \ o K\ \ \ <=>?; 1 \ ^CvJ Z \, \ \ ujy Ul \ xb \ \ i§ \ \ O UJ o 5 - \ \ %> ^ \ \ \ ^ < \ \ \^ \ (T \ \ n\ CD < -1 T \ ^ y^ '!«■ \ \ \ ro \ \ \ \ ^ o \ \ \ CO \ \ \ « i z J < N \ \ Li \ ^ oL (O UJ \ v^ o\ .n 2 \ K \ u » 5 Ul \ N^ \ 0 \ \ \ V \ o y) >- \ \A-0 ij 1 \ "Vs.^^ T CO \ \ 1 \^ _J CO \ A ^\.^ UJ \ i\ o z \ |\ _J _) k i\ o ■^ .' CO z % UJ K Y \ o \ I a: \ s^ / CD 1 St; 77^ ££09 S ^/^^^^Z---^''^ '"_—''■''?' '\ 'v \.^~"^^>\ 3£09 3 ^jiTi " -vn- f \ l£09i o / ^"^v \ \ \ v^V '"\ *^ ^\Ss.. /■* -^ \ \ \ "^ ^\\. / » ""^ ^ o ^ 'n \ ^s^ \^^\ 0£093 ■/■""" l)' " " ^ S'\ \ •^\ \X ~ \ \- Sl / ^''i^ " \ \ -■' \ \ ^ \ ^ / ^ ro \ / _io ^"^^ .^ ^ \ \ \ \ x 6309 1 \ ^ ? // "-'' " " ^^ 1 - 1 \ " ' / ,■ --^ \ \ /'/ '"' \ \ 1 \ \ \ f (,' ^"^ ^ I * L ' V o \ / ^^ ,« ^ ' \ CM o m / ^ f^ \ 1 \ ' /'' !2 \ 1 \ I \ \ \ 8309? (•'••r "???.' ^ V "• ) \ .^ \ ^. \ \-. \\ ^,... ' _,..._ v^ .' \" \ \ \j \ \ Z309C |-|" ;» Vl-'''=- . s- ) ~- "" ) I '~ ;'r / * 1,^ " " i " CM "> ,,.---''' / / / III \ %■ / / /'' I / j / /I / I 1 S ~ S ' S / r^X 9309? ■l-r^-A ^ ■ X ■ y -l ) o- / Z- / AJ « 1 " ', -■' ^ / / 1 // ,' - y ,1 o / \ll rO ti /~, _._^-'"'' ___-■' ^ / / '' / / / 9309 s \"' '"J'V^ /"-—-— '''\' j i'"S ,''' 'S "" ' / ''' / / |\_^'' /' "^ n'' rO ' 1 / '' / / \ /» 5^,,— /to -namic height 971.077. 0-. 26. 51. 77. 102 154 205. 3.41 32.83 0 3.41 32.83 -0.70 33.01 25 -0.70 33. 01 -1.33 33.04 50 -1.35 33.04 -1.42 33.15 75 -1.45 33.14 -1.41 33.17 100-.. . -1.40 33.17 -1.44 33.23 150..-. -1.45 33.22 -0.02 33.75 200--.. -0.20 33.69 26.14 26.56 26.60 26.68 26.70 26.74 27.08 Station 5927; June 8; latitude 48°48.5' N., longitude 52°48' W.; depth 150 m.; dynamic height 971.101. 0 23 46 68 91 132 3.54 0.45 -0.82 -1.30 -1.39 -1.44 31.58 32.73 32.98 33.09 33.11 33.15 0-.-. 25--. 50... 75--. 100- . (150) 3.54 0.25 -1.00 -1.35 -1.40 -1.45 31.58 32.77 33.00 33.09 33.12 33.17 25.13 26.32 26.55 26.63 26.66 26.70 Station 5928; June 8; latitude 48°43.5' N., longitude 52°57' W.; depth 110 m.; dj-namic height 971.107. 0 3.22 31.74 0 3.22 31.74 22 0.10 32.57 25 -0.20 32.63 43 -0.99 32.89 50 -1.10 32.93 65 -1.23 32.99 75 -1.30 33.00 82 -1.29 33.01 (100).- -1.35 33.02 25.29 26.23 26.50 26.56 26.58 Station 5929; June 8; latitude 48°38' N., longitude 52°44' W.; depth 218 m.; dynamic height 971.096. 0 3.78 32.01 0 3.78 32.01 25.46 25 -1.01 32.78 25 -1.01 32.78 26.38 51 -1.17 33.00 50 -1.20 33.00 26.56 76 -1.32 33.07 75 -1.35 33.07 26.62 102 -1.31 33.13 100--.. -1.30 33.13 26.66 151 -1.37 33.15 150...- -1.35 33.15 26.68 202 -1.01 33.38 200---- -1.05 33.37 26.85 Station 5930; June 8; latitude 48°31' N., longitude 52°32' W.; depth 225 m.; djiiamic height 971.095. 25.11 26.28 26.62 26.64 26.67 26.71 26.94 0 -- 3.38 31.53 0 3.38 31.53 25 1.52 32.81 25 1.52 32.81 50 -0.78 33.10 50 -0.78 33.10 75 -1.29 33.10 75 -1.29 33.10 100 -1.32 33.14 100...- -1.32 33.14 151 -1.33 150.... -1.35 33.18 201 -0.76 33.49 200-.-- -0.80 33.49 101 Table of Oceanograph/c Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1955 — Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, /oo Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, Scaled values Tem- Depth, pera- meters ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 5931; June 8; latitude 48°20.5' N., longitude 52°06' W.; depth 199 m.; dynamic height 971.090. 0 2.51 32.13 0 2.51 32.13 25.66 27 -0.04 32.71 25 0.00 32.67 26.25 56 -1.44 32.97 50 -1.35 32.94 26.52 83 -1.49 32.99 75 -1.50 32.98 26.55 110 -1.54 33.13 100.... -1.55 33.07 26.63 166 -1.02, 33.38 150..-. -1.15 33.31 26.81 Station 6932; June 8; latitude 48°13' N., longitude 51°48' W.; depth 196 m.; dynamic height 971.090. 0 2.37 32.69 0 2.37 32.69 26.11 29 0.42 32.87 25 0.65 32.85 26.36 59 -0.83 32.92 50 -0.55 32.90 26.45 88 -1.29 33.02 75 -1.15 32.97 26.53 117 -1.24 33.13 100.... -1.30 33.06 26.61 176 -1.02 33.27 150..-. -1.15 33.21 26.73 Station 5933; June 8; latitude 48°04' N., longitude 51°28' W.; depth 205 m.; dynamic height 971.096. 0 2.19 32.71 0 2.19 32.71 26.15 24 2.18 25 2.15 32.73 26.17 48 -0.19 32.87 50 -0.40 32.88 26.44 72 -1.22 32.96 75 -1.25 32.97 26.54 96 -1.28 33.03 100... . -1.25 33.04 26.59 144 -0. 95 33.21 150--.- -0.90 33.22 26.73 192 -0.57 33.29 200-..- -0.50 33.30 26.77 Station 5934; June 8; latitude 47°56' N., longitude 51°07' W.; depth 161 m.; dynamic height 971.079. 0 1.94 32.80 0 1.94 32.80 26.24 25 1.91 32.81 25 1.91 32.81 26.26 51 0.25 32.88 50 0.35 32.87 26.39 76 -1.01 33.05 75 -0.95 33.04 26.58 102 -0.72 33.24 100.... -0.80 33.22 26.72 153 -0.22 33.53 150--. -0.25 33.51 26.94 Station 5935; June 8-9; latitude 47°47' N., longitude 50°48' W.; depth 132 m.; dynamic height 971.078. 0 2.21 32.83 0 2.21 32.83 26.24 26 2.17 32.87 25 2.15 32.87 26.28 51 -0.14 32.93 50 0.00 32.93 26.46 77 -0.80 33.05 75 -0. 75 33.04 26.58 103 -0.99 33.17 100.... -1.00 33.15 26.68 Station 5936; June 9; latitude 47°40' N., longitude 50°31' W.; depth 141 m.; dynamic height 971.073. 0 2.29 32.72 0 2.29 32.72 25 2.23 32.89 25 2.23 32.89 50 0.80 33.00 50 0.80 33.00 75 -0.09 33.10 75 -0.09 33.10 100 -0.56 33.33 100-..- -0.56 33.33 26.15 26.28 26.48 26.59 26.80 Station 5937; June 9; latitude 47°32' N., longitude 50°14' W.; depth 102 m.; dynamic height 971.075. 0-. 25. 50- 76. 101 2.08 2.02 1.18 0.14 -0.29 32. .S7 32.90 33.02 33.13 33. 21 0 25 50 75 100... . 2.08 2.02 1.18 0.15 -0.25 32.87 32.90 33. 02 33.13 33.21 26.28 26.31 26.47 26. 60 26.70 Station 5938; June 9; latitude 47"26' N., longitude 49°58' W.; depth 89 m.: dynamic height 971.063. 0- 18 39 60 2.50 32.92 2.29 32.94 1.01 33.02 -0.04 33.23 0 25 50 (75).-. 2.50 1.95 0.40 -0.40 32.93 32.95 33.12 33.37 26.30 26.36 26.59 26.83 Station 5939; June 9; latitude 47°41' N., longitude 49°53' W.; depth 123 m.; dynamic height 971.080. 0 2.19 32. 85 0 2.19 32.85 26.26 25 2.15 32. 87 25 2.15 32. 87 26. 28 50 1.31 32.97 50 1.31 32.97 26. 42 76 0.78 33.05 75 0.80 33. 05 26.52 101 -0.17 33.24 100...- -0.15 33.23 26.71 Station 5940; June 9; latitude 47°51' N., longitude 49°49' W.; depth 174 m.; dynamic height 971.078. 0 2.40 32.78 0 2.40 32.78 26.19 23 2.06 32.77 25 1.85 .32. 77 26.22 46 -0.72 33.02 50 -0.90 33. 04 26.58 69 -1.21 33.13 75 -1.30 33. 14 26.67 92 -1.37 33.16 100...- -1.35 33.19 26.72 138 -0.47 33.41 (150).. -0.15 33.49 26.92 Station 5941; June 9; latitude 48°12' N., longitude 49°42' W.; depth 227 m.; d>-namic height 971.100. 0 2.91 32.49 0 2.91 32.49 25.91 24 0.86 32. 73 25 0.80 32.73 26.26 49- -0.96 32.92 50 -1.00 32.93 26.49 73 -1.38 33.03 75 -1.30 33.04 26.59 98 -1.01 33.09 100-... -1.00 33.09 26.62 146 -1.48 33. 11 150.-.- -1.45 33.13 26.67 195 -0.22 33.61 200 -0.05 33.65 27.04 Station 5942; June 9; latitude 48°35.5' N., longitude 49°33' W.; depth 681 m.; dynamic height 970.990. 0 25 50 75 100.... 150-... 200---. 300-.-. 386.... 588-... 3.97 2.84 0.86 -0.21 0.09 1.33 1.57 2.90 3.41 3.50 33.09 33.13 33.23 33.52 33.74 34.12 34.28 34.62 34.75 34.83 0... 25.. 50. 75. 100 150 200 300 400 600 3.97 2.84 0.86 -0.21 0.09 1.33 1.57 2.90 3.45 3.50 33.09 33.13 33.23 33.52 33.79 34.12 34.28 34.62 34.76 34.83 26.28 26.44 26.66 26.95 27.15 27.34 27.44 27.62 27.67 27.72 102 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1955 — Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 1 00 station 5943; June 9; latitude 48°42' N., longitude 49°31' W.; depth 1,106 m.; dynamic height 970.960. 33.29 33.44 33.81 33.99 34.05 34.25 34.35 34.63 34.70 34.79 34.85 26.40 26.75 27.07 27.21 27.29 27.44 27.49 27.63 27.67 27. 70 27.74 27.74 Station 5944; June 9; latitude 49°07.5' N., longitude 49°26' W.; depth 1,485 m.; dynamic height 970.989. 0--.. 23... 46- _. 69... 92... 138- . 185.. 277-. 365.- 558-- 759-- 953-- 1,344 4.04 2. -0.06 -0.32 0.28 0.82 1.52 2.54 3.13 3.43 3.60 3.61 3.41 33.07 33.22 33.43 33.61 33.81 34.03 34.26 34. 53 34.70 34.77 34.85 34.87 34.86 0 25--.. 50--.. 75--.. 100.. _ 150-.. 200--. 300... 400... 600... 800--. 1,000. 4.04 2.05 -0.15 -0.25 0.35 1.00 1.75 2.70 3.25 3.45 3.60 3.60 33.07 33.24 33.46 33.66 33.85 34.08 34.31 34.58 34.72 34.78 34.86 34.87 26.26 26.59 26.90 27.06 27.18 27.32 27.46 27. 59 27.66 27.68 27. 74 27.75 Station 5945; June 9-10; latitude 49°29.5' N., longi- tude 49°14' W.; depth 1,646 m.; dynamic height 970.872. ^ U 25 51 76 102 152 203 305 405 601 793 993 1498... . 4.78 3.79 3.03 2.37 2.32 2.60 3.10 3.24 3.34 3.30 3.33 3.40 3.30 33.86 34.21 34.33 34.45 34.53 34.61 34.65 34.77 34.81 34. 835 34. 86 34.86 34.86 0 25.--- 50-.-. 75--.. 100... 150... 200... 300-.. 400-.. 600-.. 800--- 1,000- 4 3.79 3.05 2.35 2.30 2.60 3.05 3.25 3.35 3.30 3.35 3.40 33.86 34.21 34.33 34. 45 34.52 34.61 34.65 34.77 34.81 34.84 34.86 34.86 26.82 27.21 27.36 27. 52 27.59 27.63 27.62 27.70 27.72 27.75 27.76 27.76 Station 5946; June 10; latitude 50°00' N., longitude 49°00' W.; depth 1,866 m.; dynamic height 970.857. 0..-. 25... 50. _ - 75--- 101.. 151.. 201.. 302- . 396.. 591.. 784.. 982.. 1482- 6.63 6.00 3.67 2. 4.02 4.04 4.17 3.64 3.38 3.37 3.28 3.35 3.29 34.34 34.40 34.33 34.55 34.75 34.84 34.89 34.85 34.85 34.85 34.86 34.89 34.89 0 25 50 75 100---- 150--.- 200 300..-- 400 600---- 800 1,000.. 6.63 6.00 3.67 2. 3.95 4.05 4.15 3.65 3.40 3.35 3.30 3.35 34.34 34.40 34.33 34.55 34.75 34.84 34.89 34.85 34.85 34.85 34.86 34.89 26.96 27.10 27.31 27.55 27.61 27.67 27.70 27.72 27.75 27.75 27.77 27.78 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Station 5947; June 10; latitude 49°50.5' N., longitude 48°22' W.; depth 2,286 m.; dynamic height 970.865. 0--.- 25... 49... 74.-- 98... 148.. 197.. 295-- 390- . 575.. 752.. 947-- 1,447 7.57 34.40 0 7.57 34.40 6.65 34.40 25 6.65 34.40 4.65 34.46 50 4.60 34.46 2.88 34.46 75 2.90 34.46 4.38 34.74 100.-.. 4.40 34.75 4.34 34.82 150.--. 4.25 34.82 3.16 34.69 200.... 3.15 34.69 3.95 34.89 300... . 3.90 34.89 3.41 34.85 400---- 3.40 34.85 3.40 34.85 600---- 3.40 34.85 3.40 34.89 800---- 3.40 34.89 3.38 34. 895 1,000-- 3.35 34.90 3.29 34. 905 26.88 27.02 27.31 27.49 27.56 27.64 27.64 27.73 27.75 27.75 27.78 27.79 Station 5948; June 10; latitude 49°40' N., longitude 47°48' W.; depth 2,561 m.; dynamic height 970.881. 0-... 25.-- 50... 75--- 100-- 150-- 199.- 299.- 403- . 592-- 789.- 987.- 1,487 7.21 6.76 6. 12 4.47 3 2.85 3.26 3.71 3.38 3.34 3.29 3.36 3.29 34.33 34.40 34.51 34.47 34.47 34.63 34.74 34.85 34.81 34.85 34.87 34.87 34.89 0 25 50 75 100... . 150 200---- 300..-- 400---- 600-.-. 800--.. 1,000.. 7.21 6.76 6.12 4.47 3.08 2.85 3.25 3.70 3.40 3.35 3.30 3.35 34.33 26.88 34.40 27.00 34.51 27.18 34.47 27.34 34.47 27.48 34.63 27.62 34.74 27.67 34.85 27.72 34.81 27.72 34.85 27.75 34. 865 27.77 34.87 27.77 Station 5949; June 10; latitude 49°15' N., longitude 48°02' W.; depth 2,378 m.; dynamic height 970.851. 0_. 25. 50. 76- 101 151 202 303 397 595. 792. 991. 1.4S 6.25 5.22 2.99 2.64 2.53 3.13 3.10 3.27 3.36 3.40 3.38 3.36 3.30 34.03 34.32 34.41 34.49 34.54 34.71 34.75 34.83 34.84 34.86 34.87 34. 915 0 25-... 50.... 75-..- 100... 150--- 200--- 300... 400... 600... 800--- 1, 000- 6.25 5.22 2.99 2.64 2.55 3.05 3.10 3.25 3.35 3.40 3.40 3.35 34.03 34.32 34.41 34.49 34.54 34.71 34.75 34.83 34.85 34.86 34.87 34.88 26.77 27.14 27.44 27.53 27.58 27.67 27.70 27.74 27.75 27.76 27.77 27.77 Station 5950; June 10; latitude 48°52.5' N., longitude 48°13' W.; depth 2,232 m.; dynamic height 970.865. 0.... 25... 50... 74... 99... 149- - 198.. 297.. 398.- 599-- 802- - 1,000 1,492 6.94 33.99 0 5.94 33.99 4.24 34.13 25 4.24 34.13 1.84 34.27 50 1.84 34.27 2.49 34.47 75 2.50 34.47 2.54 34.55 100-.-- 2. 55 34.55 2.94 34.67 150-.-- 2.90 34.67 2.99 34.72 200---- 2.95 34.72 3.29 34.78 300-.-. 3.30 34.78 3.45 34.85 400..-. 3.45 34.85 3.46 34.86 600..-- 3.45 34.86 3.47 34.86 800.... 3.45 34.86 3.38 34.87 1,000.. 3.40 34.87 3.31 34.91 26.78 27.09 27.42 27.53 27.59 27.66 27.69 27.70 27.74 27.75 27.75 27.77 381304— 5C 103 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1955 — Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 5951; June 10; latitude 48°31.5' N., longitude 48°25' W.; depth 1,829 m.; dynamic height 970.880. 0 25.-- 49--. 74... 98-- 147.. 196.. 294.. 392-- 588.. 785.. 984.- 1,485 4.49 33.43 0 4.49 33.43 1.45 34.02 25 1.45 34.02 1.13 34.19 50 1.15 34.19 1.75 34.31 75 1.75 34.31 2.05 34.43 100.--- 2.10 34.44 2.57 34.56 150---. 2.55 34.56 2.79 34.62 200..-- 2.80 24.03 3.32 34.77 300.--- 3.30 34.77 3.27 34.79 400.... 3.30 34.79 3.49 34.86 600---- 3.50 34.86 3.55 34.88 800---- 3.55 34.88 3.46 34.87 1,000.. 3.45 34.88 3.32 34.88 26.50 27.25 27.40 27.46 27.53 27.60 27.62 27.70 27.71 27.75 27.75 27.76 Station 5952; June 11; latitude 48°11' N., longitude 48°36' W.; depth 602 m.; dynamic height 970.959. 0- 25. 50. 76. 101 151 202 303 404 569 4.34 32.92 0 4.34 32.92 1.50 33.44 25 1.50 33.44 -0.09 33.62 50 -0.09 33.62 0.37 33.82 75 0.35 33.81 0.57 33.91 100---- 0.55 33.91 1.75 34.21 150---- 1.65 34. 21 2.05 34.39 200.... 2.05 34.39 2.76 34.61 300.--. 2.70 34.61 3.30 34.75 400 ... 3.30 34.75 3.60 34.83 (600)).. 3.60 34.83 26.12 26.78 27.02 27.15 27.22 27.39 27.50 27.62 27.68 27.71 Station 5953; June 11; latitude 48°05' N^., longitude 48°40' W.; depth 326 m.; dynamic height 970.980. 0.. 25- 51. 76. 101 152 203 304 4.31 1.89 0.09 -0.20 0.35 1.37 1.78 2.50 33.11 33.23 33.51 33.65 33.81 34.12 34.33 34.51 0 25 50 75 100.... 150 200...- 300--.- 4.31 1.89 0.10 -0.20 0.30 1.30 1.75 2.45 33.11 33.23 33.50 33.65 33.80 34.11 34.32 34.51 26.27 26.59 26.91 27.05 27.14 27.33 27.47 27.56 Station 5954; Jiuie 11; latitude 47°51.5' N., longitude 48°48' W.; depth 224 m.; dynamic height 971.072. 0.- 26- 51- 76. 102 153 204 2.89 1.18 -0.96 -1.18 -1.15 -0.71 0.51 32.76 32.82 33.03 33.09 33.15 33.32 33.85 0 25 50 75 100...- 150.... 200.... 2.89 2.05 -0.95 -1.20 -1.20 -0.80 0.40 32.76 32.82 33.02 33.09 33.14 33. 30 33.82 26.13 26.25 26.57 26.63 26.67 26.78 27.16 Station 5955; June 11; latitude 47°44' N., longitude 48°53' W.; depth 196 m.; dynamic height 971.073. 0... 26.- 61.. 77.. 103- 154. 2.77 32.79 0 2.77 32.79 2.78 32.83 25 2.80 32.83 -0.69 32.99 50 -0.60 32.99 -0.90 33.07 75 -0.95 33.06 -1.02 33.16 100.... -1.00 33.15 -0.73 33.33 150.... -0.80 33.31 26.17 26.20 26.53 26.60 26. 68 26. 79 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Tem- Depth, pera- meters ture, ° C. Salin- ity, 7oo Station 5956; Jmie 11; latitude 47°45.5' N., longitude 48°37' W., depth 222 m.; dynamic height 971.061. 26.14 26.43 26.56 26.64 26.69 26.85 27.11 0 2.90 32.77 0 2.90 32.77 25 1.39 32.99 25 1.39 32.99 50 -0.35 33.05 50 -0.35 33.05 75 0.04 33. 15 75 0.04 33.15 100 -1.09 33.17 100-..- -1.09 33.17 150 -0.52 33.39 150-.. . -0.52 33.39 200 0.25 33.75 200---. 0.25 33.75 Station 5957; June 11; latitude 47°48.5' N., longitude 48°14' W.; depth 278 m.; dynamic height 971.045. 0.- 25. 51- 76. 101 152 202 253. 3.35 1.82 0.14 -0.65 -0.72 -0.98 0.84 1.76 32.64 32.89 33.16 33.17 33.27 33.66 33.96 34.27 0.. 25. 50. 75. 100 150 200 3.35 1.82 0.25 -0. 65 -0.70 -0.05 0.80 32.64 32.89 33.16 33.17 33.26 .33. 64 33.94 26.00 26.31 26.63 26.68 26.75 27.03 27.22 Station 5958; June 11; latitude 47°51' N., longitude 47°54' W.; depth 315 m.; dynamic height 971.000. 0-- 23. 46. 69. 93- 139 185 278 3.29 2.34 0.60 -0.05 -0.20 0.60 1.33 2.60 32.83 32.96 33.23 33.44 33.63 33.91 34.12 34.53 0--- 25. __ 50. _- 75... 100.. 150.. 200.. (300) 3.291 2.20 0.45 -0.10 -0.15 0.80 1.55 2.90 32.83 32.99 33.27 33.49 33. 68 33.96 34.18 34.63 26.15 26.37 26.71 26.91 27.07 27.24 27.36 27.62 Station 5959; June 11; latitude 47°59' N., longitude 47°43' W.; depth 373 m.; djTiamic height 970.954. 0.. 25. 51. 76. 102 152 203 305 353 4.38 32.87 0 4.38 32.87 2.39 33.23 25 2.39 33.23 0.64 33.68 50 0.65 33.67 0.68 33.92 75 0.65 33.91 1.67 34.13 100..-- 1.60 34.12 1.78 34.26 150---- 1.70 34.25 2.04 34.42 200.... 2.00 34.41 2.95 34.66 300-.-- 2.90 34.65 3.29 34.75 26.08 26.55 27.02 27.21 27.32 27.41 27.52 27.64 Station 5960; Jmie 11; latitude 48°17' N., longitude 47°22' W.; de pth 1,811 m.; dynamic height 970.915. 0---- 25... 50-- 75--. 100.. 150- . 199- - 299.. 403.. 602.. 801.- 1,001 1,503 4.76 33.25 0 4.76 33.25 3.38 33.37 25 3.38 33.37 2.08 33.95 50 2.08 33.95 2.59 34.39 75 2.59 34.39 2.30 34.42 100-.-- 2.30 34.42 2.61 34.51 150... . 2.61 34.51 3.26 34.70 200.... 3.20 34.70 3.18 34.76 300..-- 3.20 34.76 3.32 34.78 400.-.. 3.30 34.78 3.45 34.83 600 3.45 34.83 3.54 34.85 800.... 3.55 34.85 3.47 34.88 1,000.. 3.45 34.88 3.31 34.87 26.34 26.57 27.14 27.45 27.51 27. 55 27.65 27.70 27.70 27.72 27.73 27.76 104 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1955 — Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity. °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity. 7oo Station 5961; June 11; latitude 48°36.5' N., longitude 47°01' W.; depth 2,743 m.; dynamic height 970.889. 0 25 50 76 101 151 202 303 379 569 759 954 1,449.-- 7.36 34.30 0 7.36 34.30 6.32 34.36 25 6.32 34.36 4.60 34.43 50 4.60 34.43 4.12 34.45 75 4.10 34.45 3.50 34.52 100-.-. 3.50 34.52 3.25 34.64 150.... 3.25 34.64 3.66 34.78 200..-- 3.60 34.78 3.60 34.84 300--.- 3.60 34.84 *3.50 34.82 400...- 3.50 34.82 3.58 34.84 600.... 3.60 34.84 3.51 34.86 800.-.. 3.50 34.86 3.39 34. 875 1,000.. 3.40 34.88 3.31 34.90 26.84 27.03 27.28 27.36 27.48 27.59 27.67 27.72 27.72 27.72 27.75 27.77 Station 5962; June 11; latitude 48°59' N., longitude 46°38'W.; depth, 2,784 m.; dynamic height 970.875. 0.... 25— 49... 74..- 99... 148- . 197.. 296.. 381.. 575.. 772.. 971.- 1.478 7.32 34.26 0 7.32 34.26 5.97 34.33 25 5.97 34.33 5.01 34.31 50 4.95 34.31 2.94 34.37 75 2.90 34.37 2.50 34.45 100--.- 2.50 34.45 2.58 34.57 150--.. 2.60 34.57 3.02 34.68 200.-.. 3.00 34.68 3.22 34.78 300.... 3.25 34.78 3.34 34.79 400..-- 3.40 34.82 3.42 34.87 600---- 3.45 34.87 3.43 34. 875 800...- 3.40 34.88 3.36 34.88 1,000.. 3.35 34.88 3.28 34.91 26.82 27.05 27.16 27.42 27.51 27.60 27.65 27.70 27.73 27.76 27.77 27.77 Station 5963; June 12; latitude 49°16' N., longitude 46°18' W.; depth 3,017 m.; dynamic height 970.905. 0 25 50 75 100.... 150..-- 200.... 300.... 408..-. 611.... 813.... 1,018.. 1,534. . 8.42 34.33 0 8.42 34.33 7.35 34.39 25 7.35 34.39 6.03 34.39 50 6.03 34.39 4.66 34.44 75 4.66 34.44 4.04 34.45 100.-.- 4.04 34.45 4.04 34.65 150---. 4.04 34.65 4.87 34.95 200.... 4.87 34.95 4.21 34.89 300.... 4.21 34.89 4.35 34.95 400.... 4.40 34.95 3.92 34.92 600.--- 3.95 34.92 3.69 34.91 800---- 3.70 34. 905 3.43 34.88 1,000- - 3.45 34.88 3.32 34.91 26.70 26.91 27.08 27.29 27.36 27.52 27.68 27.70 27.72 27.75 27.76 27.76 Station 5964; June 12; latitude 49°07' X., longitude 45°42' W.; depth 2,743 m.; dynamic height 970.890. 0.. 25. 51. 76. 102 152 203 305. 391 590. 790 989. 1,4S 5.59 33.58 0 6.59 33.58 4.89 34.16 25 5.89 34.16 4.28 34.36 50 4.30 34.36 3.83 34.41 75 3.85 34. 41 3.29 34.48 100... 3.30 34.47 3.67 34.69 150... 3.65 34. OS 4.35 34.85 200... 4.30 34.85 3.60 34.82 300... 3.60 34.82 3.89 34.88 400.... 3.95 34.89 3.67 34.89 600... 3.65 34.89 3.51 34.87 800... 3.50 34.87 3.38 34.89 1,000.. 3.40 34.89 3.33 34.91 26.50 27.04 27.27 27.36 27.46 27.58 27.66 27.71 27.72 27.75 27.76 27.78 Station 5965; June 12; latitude 48°57.5' N., longitude 45°05' W.; depth 1,500 m.; dynamic height 970.866. 0 25 50 75 100 150 201 301 389 584 780 977 1,424... 7.03 34.31 0. 7.03 34.31 5.95 34.41 25 5.95 34.41 4.83 34.41 50 4.83 34.41 3.39 34.47 75 3.39 34.47 3.23 34.59 100.... 3.23 34.59 3.39 34.75 150.... 3.39 34.75 3.20 34.78 200...- 3.15 34.78 3.31 34. 805 300-.-- 3.30 34.80 3.44 34.82 400---- 3.50 34.82 3.52 34.85 600---- 3.50 34.85 3.41 34.87 800---. 3.40 34.87 3.31 34.88 1,000-. 3.30 34. 88 3.23 34.89 26.90 27.12 27.25 27.45 27.55 27.67 27.71 27.72 27.72 27.74 27.77 27.78 Station 5966; June 12; latitude 48°39' N., longitude 45°27' W.; depth 1,152 m.; dynamic height 970.875. 0... 24.- 48.. 73.. 97.- 145. 193. 290. 377. 670- 766- 7.34 34.10 0 7.34 34.10 5.54 34.22 25 5. .50 34.22 4.28 34.29 50 4.20 34.30 3.37 34.41 75 3.35 34.43 3.97 34.64 100---- 3.95 34.65 4.00 34.77 150---- 4.00 34.77 3.86 34.79 200.-.. 3.80 34.79 3.78 34.84 300... . 3.75 34.84 3.51 34. 845 400.--- 3.50 34.85 3.41 34.85 600.--- 3.40 34,85 3.38 34.88 800.-.- 3.35 34.88 3.30 34.88 1,000.. 3.30 34.88 26.68 27.02 27.23 27.41 27.53 27.63 27.66 27.70 27.74 27. 75 27.77 27.78 Station 5967; June 12; latitude 48°17.5' N., longitude 45°54' W.; depth 1,115 m.; dynamic height 970.901. 26.18 26.85 27.29 27.34 27.45 27.56 27.68 27.70 27.71 27.72 27.76 27.78 Station 5968; June 12; latitude 47°59' N., longitude 46°20' W.; depth 1,188 m.; dynamic height 970.957. 3.95 32.95 0 3.95 32.95 2.58 33.60 25 2.50 33.63 1.94 34.11 50 1.90 34.11 1.72 34.15 75 1.70 34.16 2.09 34.32 100.... 2.15 34.34 2.61 34.51 150.... 2.65 34.53 3.15 34.71 200.... 3.10 34.72 3.22 34.77 300.... 3.25 34.78 3.33 34.79 400.... 3.40 34.80 3.46 34.82 600..-- 3.45 34.83 3.52 34.86 800.... 3.50 34.87 3.41 34.89 (1, 000) . 3.35 34.89 0.. 26. 51. 77. 102 154 205 307 360 549 745 952 4.24 32.99 0 4.24 32.99 3.65 33.43 25 3.65 33.41 1.01 33.79 50 1.15 33.78 0.77 33.89 75 0.80 33.88 1.18 34.01 100---- 1.15 33.99 1.73 34.17 150---. 1.70 34.15 2.21 34.35 200.... 2.10 34.33 3.82 34.81 300.... 3.75 34.80 3.73 34.83 400.... 3.70 34.83 3.48 34.84 600.... 3.45 34.84 3.46 800.... 3.45 34.86 3.31 34.87 (1, 000) . 3.25 34.87 26.18 26.58 27.07 27.17 27.24 27.33 27.44 27.67 27.70 27.73 27.75 27.78 105 Table of Oceanographic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1955 — Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity °/oo Scaled values Tern- Depth, I pera- meters ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 5969; June 12; latitude 47°54' N., longitude 46°11' W.; depth 1,007 m.; dynamic height 970.904. 26.36 26.88 27.07 27.23 27.34 27.57 27.65 27.70 27.72 27.74 27.77 27.78 Station 5970; June 12; latitude 47°46' N., longitude 45°54' W.; depth 405 m.; dynamic height 970.903. 0 4.68 33.27 0 4.68 33.27 25 5.68 34.06 25 5.68 34.06 50 4.52 34.14 50 4.52 34.14 76 3.57 34.22 75 3.60 34.22 101 3.08 34.31 100.... 3.10 34.30 151 3.30 34.61 150 3.30 34.61 201 3.80 34.79 200...- 3.75 34.78 302 3.70 34.84 300_-__ 3.75 34.84 326 3.70 34.84 400-..- 3.60 34.84 507 3.50 34.83 600---- 3.45 34.85 699 3.45 34.88 800...- 3.40 34. 88 861 3.35 34.88 (1,000). 3.25 34.88 0... 23.- 47-. 70.. 93.- 140. 186- 280- 373. 6.58 33.89 0 6.58 33.89 5.82 34.00 25 5.75 34.01 4.96 34.07 50 4.85 34.08 4.28 34.12 75 4.10 34.13 3.51 34.20 100...- 3.45 34.23 3.34 34.46 150---- 3.40 34.53 3.77 34.79 200---- 3.75 34.80 3.72 34.83 300.... 3.65 34.84 3.60 34.86 (400)... 3.60 34.86 26.62 26.82 26.98 27.10 27.24 27.49 27.67 27.71 27.74 Station 5971; June 12; latitude 47°41.5' N., longitude 45°47' W.; depth 320 m.; dynamic height 970.919. 0... 24.- 49.. 73.. 98- 147- 195- 293. 6.88 5.96 5.02 4.29 3.71 3.69 4.03 3.75 33.91 34.02 34.08 34.13 34.19 34.45 34.73 34.75 0 _-- 25..- 50--- 75-.. 100- - 150.. 200.. 300.. 6.88 5.90 5.00 4.20 3.70 3.70 4.05 3.70 33.91 34.02 34.08 34. 13 34.20 34.47 34.73 34.75 26.59 26.81 26.96 27.09 27.20 27.42 27.58 27.64 Station 5972; June 13; latitude 47°27' N., longitude 45°15' W.; depth 233 m.; dynamic height 970.906. 0.. 25. 50. 76. 101 151 202 6.69 33.98 0 6.69 33.98 5.67 34.08 25 5.67 34.08 4.76 34.10 50 4.76 34.10 4.05 34.14 75 4.05 34.14 3.75 34.27 100.... 3.75 34.26 4.09 34.67 150.... 4.10 34.66 3.99 34.75 200...- 4.00 34.75 26.68 26.89 27.01 27.12 27.25 27.53 27.61 Station 5973; June 13; latitude 47°21' N., longitude 45°03' W.; depth 181 m.; dynamic height 970.908. 0... 25.. 50.. 75.. 100. 150. 6.87 33.94 0 6.87 33.94 6.74 33.96 25 6.74 33.96 4.96 34.07 50 4.96 34.07 3.92 34.18 75 3.92 34.18 3.75 34.28 100-... 3.75 34.28 4.09 34.66 150..-- 4.09 34.66 26.62 26.66 26.97 27.16 27.26 27.53 Station 5974; June 13; latitude 47°18.5' N., longitude 45°23' W.; depth 233 m.; djTiamic height 970.905. 0 6.82 33.97 0 6.82 33.97 26.66 23 6.12 34.06 25 6.05 34.06 26.83 47 5.17 34.09 50 5.05 34.09 26.97 70 4.41 34.15 75 4.30 34.16 27.11 94 3.86 34.19 100--.- 3.85 34.22 27.21 140 3.89 34.55 150.--- 3.85 34.62 27.52 187 4.00 34.78 200--.. 4.05 34.81 27.65 Station 5975; .Tune 13; latitude 47°17' N., longitude 54041' -w'.; depth 241 m.; dynamic height 970.903. 0 6.88 34.01 0 6.88 34.01 25 5.65 34.04 25 5.65 34.04 50 4.75 34.08 50 4.75 34.08 75 4.03 34.11 75 4.03 34.11 100 3.23 34.18 100--.. 3.23 34.18 151 3.79 34.58 150.... 3.80 34.57 201 3.99 34.81 200...- 3.95 34.81 231 3.95 34.83 26.68 26.86 26.99 27.10 27.22 27.49 27.66 Station 5976; June 13; latitude 47°17.5' N., longi- tude 46°00' W.; depth 324 m.; dynamic height 970.910. 0-- 23- 46- 69- 92- 137 184 276 6.82 6.22 4.99 4.31 3.60 3.92 4.05 3.71 33.93 33.98 34.05 34.08 34.19 34.45 34.76 34.85 0 25 50 75 100..-. 150---- 200---. (300) . . 6.82 33.93 6.10 33.98 4.85 4.10 3.65 3.95 4.00 3.65 34.06 34.11 34.23 34.54 34.78 34.86 26.62 26.76 26.97 27.09 27.23 27.44 27.63 27.73 Station 5977; June 13; latitude 47°17.5' N., longi- tude 46°32' W.; depth 652 m.; dynamic height 970.892. 0... 26.. 53.- 79-. 105. 157. 209. 314. 415. 623. 6.62 33.89 0 6.62 33.89 5.12 34.01 25 5.15 34.01 4.00 34.15 50 4.15 34.13 3.29 34.31 75 3.35 34.28 3.08 34.41 100..-- 3.10 34.39 3.95 34.73 150---- 3.90 34.69 3.83 34.81 200..-- 3.85 34.80 3.58 34.81 300---- 3.60 34.81 3.48 34.82 400-.-- 3.55 34.82 3.41 34.88 600--.. 3.40 34.88 26.62 26. SO 27.10 27.29 27.41 27.57 27.66 27.70 27.71 27.77 Station 5978; June 13; latitude 47°15.5' N., longi- tude 46°56' W.; depth 1,162 m.; dynamic height 970.890. 0--- 25.. 49.. 74.. 98-- 148- 197- 295. 382. 575. 769. 965. 6.59 34.05 0 6.59 34.05 5.35 34.20 25 5.35 34.20 4.38 34.33 50 4.35 34.33 3.07 34.40 75 3.05 34.40 2.99 34.46 100..-. 3.00 34.46 3.24 34.69 150...- 3.25 34.69 3.34 34.75 200---- 3.35 34.75 3.63 34.77 300---- 3.60 34.77 3. 56 34.79 400-.. . 3.60 34.79 3.59 34.87 600-.-- 3.60 34.87 3.50 34.87 800 --. 3.45 34.87 3.27 34.87 1,000-. 3.25 34.87 26.74 27.03 27.23 27.42 27.48 27.63 27.67 27.67 27.68 27.75 27.76 27.78 106 Table of Oceonogrophic Data — Continued STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1955 — Continued Observed values Scaled values Observed values Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin- Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo ffi Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin-