i^^^^^hh -Y?.^." Belongs To INFORMATION & EDUCATION Rm. 24S1 REPORT OF THE Minister of Lands and Forests OF THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO For the Year Ending 31st October 1923 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO TORONTO Printed and Published by ClarksonW. James, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty 1924 Mtcd Press F /? f " '" '■%. 1'5 ^3/3 v.. CONTENTS PAGE Minister's Preface 5 Appendices: No. 1. Department Inside Officers and Clerks 18 2. Department Outside Agents and Inspectors 21 3. Statement of Lands Sold and Leased with Collections 23 4. Gross Revenue 24 5. Receipts (Special Funds) 25 6. Gross Disbursements (exclusive of Northern Development under Appendix 40). 26 7. Timber Cut and Amounts Accruing re Dues, etc 32 8. Revenue from Woods and Forests 34 9. Successful Candidates at Cullers' Examinations 35 10. Statement of Patents, etc., issued 36 11. Statement of Work in Military Office (Lands Branch) 36 12. Statement of Letters, Reports, Documents Received and Dispatched 37 13. Locations, etc., under Free Grant Section of Public Lands Act 38 14. Lands Sold 46 15. Report of Director of Surveys on Crown Surveys 51 16. Statement of Municipal Surveys Confirmed 53 17. Statement of Municipal Surveys Ordered 54 18. Statement of Crown Surveys in Progress 55 19. Statement of Crown Surveys Completed ' 56 20. Surveyor's Report, Township 9 Z., District of Sudbury 58 21. " " Mississauga River (Portion of) 59 22. " " Shore Line and Islands, Lake of Woods, District of Kenora. 60 23. " " Lakes and Rivers, District of Timiskaming 62 24. " " Traverse Part of English River, District of Patricia 63 25. " " Traverse Wabigoon Lake and other waters, District of Kenora 69 26. " " Meridian and Base Line, District of Thunder Bay 71 27. " " Meridian and Base Lines, District of Thunder Bay 74 28. " " Township Outlines, District of Cochrane 76 29. " " Township Outlines, District of Sudbury 80 30. " " Township of Mongowin, District of Sudbury 81 31. " " Traverse of Shore Line, Lakes Minnietakie and Big Sandy, District of Kenora 82 32. " " Readjustment Survey in Township of Blount, District of Timiskaming 85 a. " " Traverse of Moose River, District of Cochrane 87 34. " " Timber Limit Lines, Timagami Forest Reserve 96 35. Algonquin Provincial Park, Superintendent's Report 97 36. Quetico Provincial Park, Superintendent's Report 99 37. Rondeau Provincial Park, Superintendent's Report 101 38. Colonization Roads, Superintendent's Report 103 39. Highways and Bridges, under Northern Development Branch 125 40. Northern Development Branch, Statement 152 41. Settlers' Loans, Commissioner's Report 159 42. Forestry Branch Report — (1) Forest Fire Protection 161 (2) Forest Investigation 178 (3) Reforestation 182 (4) Forest Pathology 197 43. Timber Areas Disposed of during past year 208 44. Spanish River Pulp and Paper Company, Agreement 219 45. Abitibi Power and Paper Company, Agreement 224 46. Continental Wood Products Co 228 [3] Report of the Minister of Lands and Forests of the Province of Ontario For the Year Ending 31st October, 1923. To His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Ontario. May It Please Your Honour: In accordance with the provisions of the PubHc Lands Act I have the honour to submit for the information of Your Honour and the Legislative Assembly a report for the fiscal year ending the 31st day of October, 1923, covering the operations of the various services under the jurisdiction of the Department of Lands and Forests. The services are so different and the operations under them so diversified that my preface must of necessity be rather general, the treatment of each being more exhaustively dealt with under its special appendix. Lands. During the past year the interest of the prospective settler has been mani- fested by the large number of inquiries made from different sources and requests for information relative to the attractive features of homestead land in the arable sections of the Crown domain. In actual land transactions in the way of entries for free grant locations there has been a slight decrease compared with last year, but in sales of lots for settlement purposes the yearly average has been maintained. Ever-increasing interest is taken in the Great Clay Belt where the oppor- tunities of hewing out and making permanent real homes are presented. The alluring features of this great tableland, with its ready supply of pulpwood to tide over the settler in his pioneer years, and its richness of soil, have considerably encouraged active settlement. A recent official tour of Northern Ontario revealed the extensive areas cleared and brought under cultivation within recent years and the vigorous efforts of individual settlers, who are generously treated by the building of roads, seed-grain supplies and advances, in the way of Govern- ment loans on easy terms. The general demand of the newer sections is more roads and when reasonable assurances are granted that such will be forthcoming the settlers' hopes are continued and their efforts furthered in the way of form- ulating plansfor encouraging friends to settle near by and thus develop community life. Sales of lots in Government Town Plots showed a substantial increase over the preceding year, a noticeable example being at Kapuskasing on the Trans- continental Railway, where a thriving centre is now firmly established as was predicted in 1917. A large up-to-date pulpmill is being operated by the Spruce Falls Company. The land contiguous to the town is practically all occupied by actual settlers, much of it being well cleared and extensively utilized, one settler practically within the town limits having, in addition to his substantial clearing, [51 REPORT OF THE No. 3 a large number of cattle, an important dairy industry and, above all, unbounded confidence in the agricultural future of the section. This successful settler is one of its original soldier settlers of the Farm Colony, whose faith in the North's potentiality and persistence in the trying years have been amply rewarded. A contemplated paper mill and a further development of the pulp industry at this point assure a larger community and a local market for the settlers' products. This situation is but typical of other points in the Great North. While the appalling fire of October, 1922, that ravaged an extensive area in the fine farming section of the Southern Clay Belt traversed by the Temis- kaming and Northern Ontario Railway, resulted in severe losses, the sufferers, through well directed Government and other organized effort, are rapidly recovering. The fire-swept centres are fast rising from the ruins of but a year ago and the substantial building programme already carried out with the projects under way indicates clearly the indomitable energy of the people and their unending faith in Greater Ontario. Clergy. Under this heading the sum of but $134 was received on old sales. This source of revenue has been practically exhausted as nearly all old sales have been cleared up. Common School. The sum of $1,418.89 was realized from this source, but this was all on account of the payment of long-standing arrears. Grammar School. An occasional sale made in years gone by is consummated by the occupant of land paying up and acquiring patent. An amount of $196 was collected in this class. University. Lands set apart for the support of the University were sold to the extent of 3,163 acres, for $1,806.89. Crown. Agricultural and Townsites revenue amounted to $107,900.26 while lands leased for various purposes brought a return of $87,632.01. The total area sold and leased comprised 154,018.94 acres. Free Grants. No additional free grant land has been opened recently, consequently the suitable areas are becoming considerably less each year. In the area of land located during the year a decrease is shown, a total number of 718 persons selecting land as compared with 1,013 last year. During the same period, how- ever, 113 parties purchased a total area of 5,757 acres adjacent to their home- steads. A total area of 90,143 acres was located to new applicants and 54,349}/^ acres were patented to 411 settlers who completed their clearing and cultivation during the past 12 months. For various reasons it is expedient in some cases for settlers to exchange lots or assign to other settlers and make new and more suitable selections. To enable more satisfactory settlement in this respect, 225 settlers assigned their holdings covering 28,080 acres. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 7 Purchased Lands. There has been a very marked increase in the area sold during the year, from 121,817 acres last year to 138,130 acres. The number of settlers in sale territory continued to increase last year, reaching 978, while the previous year 894 settlers purchased land. As a result of continued and systematic inspections the speculator is being' eliminated, and the settler encouraged in completing settlement. It was necessary to cancel only 355 sales during the year, which is about one-third the number cancelled in 1922. Compared also with the previous year, when 140,775 acres were cancelled, it was necessary to cancel only 52,273 acres, while the increase in patents is 143, the total number being 471. This improved condition of affairs not only affects local conditions but very materially assists municipal organizations and community life generally. Ranching Lands. The ranching industry is somewhat on the increase. Last season was exceptionally dry with the result that sufficient winter fodder in some instances was not produced. More careful selections of grazing areas are being made of land which is naturally well watered. The sheep-raising industry is being continued, a very substantial herd being now ranched north of Cochrane on the T. & N. O. Ry. extension. Fur-farming is also on the increase and considerable marsh areas are being acquired, particularly for the protection and propagation of muskrats. The areas leased are as follows: Ranching 3,570 acres. Fur farming 26,104 acres. Military Grants. Under Act 1 Edward VII, Cap. 6, and amendments thereto, there have been issued 13,998 Military Certificates. As a result of legislation last year, limiting the time in which to locate to the 30th April, 1923, a larger percentage of the outstanding certificates have been located or surrendered to the Crown. There were 21 certificates surrendered to the Crown for the $50 commuta- tion money. The small number thus surrendered is accounted for by the fact that the land is worth more than the cash value of the certificate. During the year 273 certificates have been located on 41,823 acres, making a total of 8,686 certificates actually located on land. There were 480 acres purchased by three certificates being applied in pay- ment thereof, making a total of 806 certificates which have been thus applied on land. Of the locations already made under certificates 220 were covered by patents issued during the year, making a total of 7,750 which have been thus disposed of by the Department. A large area, 15,752 acres, which had been located to 100 veterans who neglected to perform settlement duties within the time required by the Act, was cancelled and the land redeemed by the Crown. The total number of certificates that have therefore been disposed of is 12,802, leaving 1,196 that are still outstanding. REPORT OF THE No. 3 Accruals and Collections. The total accruals for the year's timber and pulpwood operations totalled $3,708,410.23, although the entire revenue of the Department amounted to only $2,693,421.14, or about one and three-quarter million dollars less than the preceding year, this being partly due, it is believed, to the inability of certain lumber firms to liquidate their assets covering the season's cut until it was too late to remit before the end of the fiscal year and also to the closing of the collecting year on time and not extending it into the following month as was the practice within recent years. It must also be borne in mind that included in the 1922 revenue was over $420,000 paid in by Shevlin-Clarke Co. in settlement of the legal action the then Government had taken against the Company. The sale of Agricultural Lands and Townsites with Crown Leases, including Provincial Parks, etc., amounted to s^209,535.85; Casual Fees $1,858.41; Refund Items s$96,595.44. From the Woods and Forests the Revenue was $2,385,431.44, made up of the following items: Bonus $931,013.87; Timber Dues $1,152,068.90; Ground Rent $97,545.08; Transfer Fees $7,915.15; Fire Protection $196,888.44. (See Appendix No. 4, page 24.) It should be pointed out that timber dues outstanding at the end of the year amounted to s$2,561,405.88, in addition to $154,804.85 for ground rent and fire charges, and as the bush operations for the ensuing season are expected to be equally as large as during the last it is confidently predicted that the revenue column will be considerably enlarged next year. While the uncollected revenue from timber operations may be regarded as high it must be remembered that the Crown holds as collateral at the end of the year, in the form of cash deposits alone, some $1,979,121.20, without regard to additional protection in the form of personal and Guarantee Company bonds. Disbursements. The total expenditure, less Civil Government, of the Department for all services (exclusive of those rendered under the Northern and North-Western Ontario Development Acts, for which see Appendices Nos. 40 and 41), was $3,621,233.95. Some of the more important items were: Crown Lands Agents' Salaries and Disbursements $23,437. 99; Homestead Inspectors $2 7, 032. 24; Crown Timber Agents $42,873.05; Fire Ranging $1,067,202.22; Forest Ranging and Measurement of Timber $487,046.91; Reforestation $214,547.12; Algonquin Provincial Park $46,747.67; Quetico Provincial Park $10,870.55; Rondeau Provincial Park $14,377.72; Surveys $168,277.80; Colonization Roads $827,855.98 Commissions re Sundry Investigations $28,518.90; Litigation of Constitutional and Other Questions $18,047.93; Special Warrants $424,387.02; Clearing Town- sites and Removing Fire Hazards $99,896.73. (Additional details are found in Appendix No. 6.) The entire expenditure for the year ending 31st October, 1922, as set out in the Public Accounts for that year, was $4,649,622.28 for all services operated and controlled by the Department of Lands and Forests, while the Expenditure for the year just closed on 31st October, 1923, is slightly over seven million dollars, or a total increase in round figures of $2,405,000. This increase is made up as follows, round figures being used in each case: Outside Service and Surveys $ 715,000 Colonization Roads 156,000 Northern Development Branch Statutory Expenditures 1,188,000 Special Warrants 346,000 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 9 $715,000 — Outside Service and Surveys. Over 50 per cent, of this increase is due to an extension to the Fire-ranging Vote. During the past year the timbered areas of the Province were visited by unprecedented fires and the entire outside fire organization had to be largely augmented and special provision made to meet emergent conditions and unexpected demands were thereby made upon the Crown. Forest-ranging: Over 25 per cent, of the increase is due to the additional expenses involved in paying the scalers, all of whom are now appointed and supervised by and under the direct control of the Government represented by the Department. But while this increase is shown the fact remains that a large percentage — over half; — of this money ultimately comes back as revenue to the Crown, because under the system obtaining the timber operators in some instances return the full 100 per cent, and in others 50 per cent., according to contract, of the scalers' expenses to the Crown. Clearing townsites of fire hazards accounts for $90,000. Surveys of town- ships, the running of meridian lines, etc., required $13,000 beyond last year. Reforestation cost over $60,000 beyond the previous year, this being due to the adding of two new forest stations and properly equipping them, and also enlarging by several millions the nursery stock of the forest station at Norfolk. %\S6,QQ0— Colonization Roads. Increased requests for direct and by-law grants for colonization roads to provide for the township needs required over $150,000 in excess of the year 1922. $1,188,000 — Northern Development Branch. This by far is the biggest increase in the expenditure under the jurisdiction of the Department of Lands and Forests it being provided for by Statutory enactment, the Government enactment being the Northern and Northwestern Development Act. This additional amount was devoted to the building of new trunk and lateral roads, making permanent improvements to old ones — the putting in of culverts, and the general supervision of roads in the north country; persistent and insistent demands emanating from the newer sections were em- phasized by reference to the extensive expenditures on the public highways in old Ontario and to the claims that older Ontario was being more favoured than the newer part; the encouragement of settlement, the promotion of industry and the general desire to link up the various settled portions in the North with connecting roads, prompted, no doubt, the added expenditure in the road items. In addition to the increased expenditure on roads generous relief was granted to the settlers in the way of supplying seed and furnishing necessaries subsequent . to the great fire in the fall of 1922. This catastrophe increased the expenditure under the heading of assistance to settlers, which is included in the Northern Development expenditure, by over $275,000. Farm implements have been purchased and supplied to the fire sufferers on standing collateral. $346,000— 5pma/ Warrants. The increase in Special Warrants of over $300,000 is more than accounted for by a Special Warrant of $400,000 having been passed as the result of a surrender from and a treaty with the Mississauga and Chippewa Indians covering some 21,000 square miles in the northern part of old Ontario, to which area the Indians claimed title, no surrender ever having been made to the Crown. Under a special agreement made in May, 1923, between the Provincial and 10 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Dominion Governments a Commission was appointed and empowered to get surrenders and execute Treaties, which has been done on the basis of a com- pensation of $500,000, of which $100,000 is yet to be paid. Bush Operations. Logging: Evidences of an improved tone in the lumber market, following the somewhat pessimistic outlook in 1921 and part of 1922, and of an assurance that dealers contemplate a continued demand for building material are reflected in the bush operations during the past season. The output of pine, the basic log timber from Crown Lands for sawlogs, boom and dimension timber, approximated 325,000,000 feet B.M., or over 75,000,000 feet B.M. more than the previous year, while sawlog timber, other than pine, was cut to the extent of 50,000,000 feet B.M., possibly 13 per cent, less than the preceding season. A considerable increase is recorded in the cut for piling purposes. Pulpwood to the extent of over 400,000 cords was cut from Crown Lands during the last fiscal year as against less than 300,000 cords for 1922. In addition over 200,000 cords were cut free of dues, this coming from settlers' lands. Pulpwood Industry. New mills opened at Kenora, where the Backus Company have an installed daily capacity of eighty tons, and at Kapuskasing, where the Spruce Falls Com- pany are producing seventy-five tons pulp daily. At Kenora a paper mill is being built to be operated in connection with the pulp mill, while at Kapuskasing the Company is contemplating the erection of a paper mill. Operations are under way at Fort William towards the erection of pulp and paper mills by the Great Lakes Company, while extensions have been made on the plant at Nepigon formerly held by the Nepigon Fibre Company but now controlled by Guaranty Investment Corporation, Limited, who will reopen the mill on a sixty-ton daily capacity basis. The completion of the new mills at Fort William and Nepigon and the determined efforts of the Fort William Pulp and Paper Company, the Thunder Bay Company and Provincial Paper Mills at Port Arthur, to continue operations to their limit, assure a permanency to the pulpwood industry at the head of the Great Lakes and makes certain a ready market in the near future for the full development of the great hydro power at Cameron Falls on the Nepigon River. A new and important pulpwood industry is being projected by the Con- tinental Wood Products, Limited, at Elsas, on the Canadian National Railway, some two hundred miles west of Sudbury, where the Company are obliged to erect a kraft-mill, which will consume, not only spruce and balsam but much of the poplar, tamarac, jackpine, etc., hitherto unmarketable. A large sawmill is now in operation and the pulp plant will probably be completed by the end of the year 1924, as the site has been selected and plans put under way for the starting of construction in the spring of 1924. The establishing of this industry is in pursuance of an agreement made between the Crown and the Company on the 10th July, 1923, as the result of the purchase by the Company under public competition of an area of 1,049 square miles, situated in the watershed of the Trout and Chapleau Rivers in the Districts of Sudbury and Algoma. A 75 ton kraft pulp mill employing an average of 100 persons for 10 months of each year, and costing at least one and 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS n one-half million dollars, must be in operation before June 1st, 1925, and a paper mill of at least 35 tons capacity when the Crown directs. (For Agreement see Appendix No. 46, page 228.) To enable the Spanish River Pulp and Paper Mills, Ltd., now operating three large mills at Sault Ste. Marie, Espanola and Sturgeon Falls, to have addi- tional raw material to supply their existing concerns or extensions thereof or additions thereto, a special agreement was made with the Company under the Crown Timber Act whereby an area approximating 3,000 square miles in the Districts of Algoma and Sudbury was granted. The agreement was made 15th May, 1923, and certain prices fixed by Order-in-Council, 13th September, 1923, such prices, however, to obtain for two years only. (See Appendix 44, page 219.) Under date of the 12th July, 1923, an agreement was made between the Crown and the Abitibi Power and Paper Company for an area of 2,500 square miles more or less in the District of Cochrane. This Company owns and operates at Iroquois Falls, on the Abitibi River, a large pulp and paper mill of a daily output of 400 tons newsprint, and consistent with a desire to ensure continuous operation and the employment of a large number of workmen, the Crown granted this additional area, the agreement to be approved and prices fixed by Lieuten- ant-Governor in Council. (For copy of said agreement see Appendix 45, page 224.) For a complete list of timber sales throughout the year and the prices received see Appendix No, 43, page 208. There are several Crown Timber Agencies throughout the Province and as no regular audit or inspection of their office records or methods was in force it was found necessary to appoint an official to discharge this duty. As the varied operations throughout the forest regions of the Province have become most extensive and each District Agent is restricted to his own territory it was deemed advisable for the purposes of establishing reasonable uniformity and properly correlating the different operating services to have a general supervisor of bush operations. It was considered in the interests of economy and efficiency that the dual responsibilities of inspecting agencies and supervising operations could be exercised by the same individual; consequently an official was duly appointed in the person of Major J. I. Hartt, a practical bushman of long and wide experience, who is now functioning with good results. General. Timber surveys and cruises were continued with a view to estimating the timber wealth, air craft being utilized in collaboration with land parties. Important cruises were made in the Nepigon Forest Reserve to acquire first-hand knowledge of the timber and watershed situated there to enable the Depart- ment to more readily deal with the important and varied questions arising at the head of the lakes with respect to continued service to and assured perman- ency of existing pulpwood industries, all of which are of necessity linked up to the Hydro-Electric development of this region. Valuable detailed information was secured by the Forestry Branch through the air service in conjunction with land parties, on the Mississauga Forest Reserve. The residents of the north shore of Lake Huron and likely investors are keenly interested in the future development of the great natural resources of this reserve, and the inventory now being made will be utilized in reaching a conclusion on the best methods of handling the resources. The fire-ranging staff was faced with a herculean task the past year by reason of the abnormal drought that continued uninterruptedly in certain 12 REPORT OF THE No. 3 regions. Considerable areas were burnt, but fortunately, these cannot be charged as a distinct loss to the Crown, as sales were made of scorched and burnt limits on reasonably fair prices in order that the timber might be cut and removed before becoming uncommercial. Complete statements of the fire ranging operations may be found under its own appendix. Lands under License: The area covered by Timber License where the holder pays regulation ground rent and fire charges at the end of the year, 31st October, 1923, was $17,768M square miles. Pulp Concessions: Area covered by pulp concessions exclusively amounts to 36,938 square miles, on which fire charges at the rate of $3.20 per square mile are payable. Summary of Timber Revenue. Bonus $931,013 87 Timber Dues 1,152,068 90 Ground Rent 97,545 08 Transfer Fees .- 7,915 15 Fire Protection 196,888 44 : ,385,431 44 Cullers' Examination. Examinations for Cullers' Licenses were held in August, at Callander, Thessalon and Kenora, when 26 candidates succeeded in passing, each being thereafter entitled to act as culler under the Act. A list of the successful candidates may be seen in Appendix No. 9, page 35. A large percentage of candidates were rejected, due in some measure to the candidates' inability to pass the practical test in the scaling of logs where deductions due to defects are necessary. Numbers coming from pulpwood regions with but little knowledge of and no experience in pine, though skilled in measuring pulpwood, fail in the pine examination. As the Department has found difficulty at times in getting qualified scalers for pulpwood without reducing the pine staff, provision will be made by an amendment to the Ontario Cullers' Act to enable a candidate to secure a pulp- wood license. Crown Surveys. Surveys of Crown lands in the northern part of the Province consisting of base and meridian lines, township boundaries, lake and river traverse, have been carried on in compliance with the several instructions issued. Town plot subdivisions of land patented since 1910 have been approved pursuant to R.S.O. 1910, chapter 34, as follows: Kirkland Lake Addition. — Part of mining claim T.C. 711, Township of Teck' District of Timiskaming (Wright-Hargreaves subdivision). Swastika Addition. — Part mining claim L.4485, 4486 and 8869, Township of Teck, District of Timiskaming (Simpson subdivision). Timmins Addition. — Part of south half lot 12, concession 3, Tisdale, District of Cochrane (Bartleman subdivision.) Timmins Addition. — Part of north part lot 2, concession 2, Mountjoy, District of Cochrane (Wilson subdivision). 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 13 Municipal Surveys. Pursuant to sections 15, 16 and 17 of the Surveys Act, petitions for the resurvey of lines laid out under competent authority have been received from the Corporations of the Municipalities of: Township of Lancaster. Township of Harvey. City of Brantford. Township of Sunnidale. City of Toronto. Surveys performed and confirmed were: Part of the 5th concession of Township of Williamsburg. Part of the town line between the Townships of Niagara and Grantham. Part of road allowance between lots 3i and 32, 1st concession, Town- ship of Lancaster. Detailed reports of the several surveys will be found in appendices 20 to 34, inclusive. Provincial Parks. Ontario abounds in natural recreation grounds and no better evidence of its great asset in this regard is found than in those areas specifically set apart and classed as parks. Algonquin Park, in the older part of the province, is the rendezvous of tourists both summer and winter from all parts of the continent. Its attractive features are loudly praised by all who experience its delights, and the tourist traffic resulting therefrom, with the attending circulation of money, is in itself a very important factor in the business of the country. Of still greater importance is the park from the viewpoint of fur industry and game-hunting. The large area, protected as it is by some forty government rangers throughout the entire year, has proved a veritable breeding ground for the red deer, whose supply in contiguous grounds might .have long since disappeared had it not been for this haven of protection. A large restricted field like Algonquin Park, so admirably adapted for the propagation of muskrat, beaver, mink, marten, etc., assures adjoining territory of a more certain trapping ground, and as long as poachers can be successfuly kept outside of the park limits, natural reproduction will result and adjacent trapping grounds will be fed. Rondeau Park, in Kent Coimty, picturesquely nestles itself in a peninsula of Kent county, extending into Rondeau Bay, and, for its size, some seven thousand acres, is credited with having more red deer to a square mile than any like area in the province. Its wide stretch of water beaches on both sides, with excellent bathing and boating facilities, its dreamy bowers of woodland and magni- ficent mixed forest, excellent tourist sites and its general exclusiveness, all tend to captivate the visitor who becomes a summer resident by securing a lease from the Crown. Quetico Park, containing over one million acres, is situated in Rainy River, on the international boundary, and is the home of the finest quality of a red and white pine stand. Timber operations are being conducted on a basis of a brush-burning experiment in the hope of assuring a regrowth under favourable conditions. Hunting and trapping is forbidden in the park, and the care and protection thus afforded the animals conduce towards the rehabilitation of the surrounding hunting and trapping grounds. In the display at the Canadian National FIxhibition held last year, the Department transplanted a small corner of park life from Northern Ontario to Toronto, where thousands viewed it with pleasure and profit. 14 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Colonization Roads. On this service $827,855.98 was spent, or $156,671.50 beyond that of the previous year. Commitments respecting direct grants along with by-law requests made early in the year had to be met. The construction and main- tenance expenditure for Colonization Roads is a direct benefit to those portions of the country receiving no benefit from the Provincial Highway system. For the details of road and bridge construction and the expenditure under this head see Appendix No. 38. Northern Development Branch. Approximately three and one-third million dollars was spent under this Branch during the past year, the details of which, with respect to the construction and maintenance of roads and bridges and the advancement of settlement and colonization,will be found on pages 125 to 158 inclusive, while the details of loans issued to settlers are on pages 159 and 160. FORESTRY BRANCH. Forest Fire Protection. Last season developed one of the most serious forest fire losses since 1917. This was owing to the very dry condition prevailing throughout Northern Ontario in the autumn of 1922, so that the spring of 1923 opened with practically no water in the swamps. In some of the outlying regions no rain occurred to influence the situation until July. This dry period entailed the placing of a large number of men on the staft at an early date, and owing to the serious weather conditions in late September the staff was kept on much later than usual. Weather conditions accounted for a large increase in the expenditure on ordinary ranging. It also accounted for over $100,000 additional cost in extra fire-fighting. Of 1,343 fires occurring during "the season, 670 did not get beyond ten acres in size, while 932 did not get beyond 100 acres in size. ■ The total acreage burned over of all classes was slightly over 2,000,000 acres, of which 593,000 was timber land. Improvement Work: During the last season the outstanding lines of im- provement work carried out was the erection of six permanent steel lookout towers, and 23 wooden towers, making in all 117 towers erected to date in Northern Ontario, Telephone lines were built to connect up lookout points. In all some 300 miles was constructed during the last season. This gives us 636 miles of telephone line now completed in Northern Ontario in connection with forest fire protection. Equipment: In addition to the ordinary equipment purchased during the past season, the Department invested in 54 portable gas engines and pumping units with 2,000 feet of hose for each. These pumping units are found to be indispensable in connection with handling the forest fire situation. In many districts this past season they saved the situation. Of our increased expenditure about $60,000 was expended on these fire fighting units. We now have 88 units in use. Part of the increased expenditure 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 15 required this season was in the replacement of blankets and tents used to supply the fire sufferers in the Haile^'bury district during the previous autumn. Forest Survey: Continuing the plan of a general forest survey of the province, the Forestry Branch during the past season conducted forest survey work over two areas, comprising 9,200 square miles. The preliminary work of making an aerial sketch map of the eastern portion of the Nipigon watershed was completed during the past season. This entailed the covering of an area of about 4,800 square miles, and required 104 hours' flying. An additional area, comprising the northern portion of the Mississagi Forest Reserve, was completed during the past season, covering an area of 4,400 square miles with an aerial survey combined with detailed ground party work. . . (See Appendix No. 42.) ^ J^ Reforestation. Provincial Forest Stations: The development at the Provincial Forest Stations has gone on during the past season in a normal way with a few improve- ments. At the Norfolk Station a seed-e.xtracting plant was established. At Midhurst Station, Simcoe County, main buildings were erected, and ground broken for a nursery site. Preparations were made for a water system and it is expected that this coming summer the nursery organization will be well under way. Nursery Stock: The following is a summary of the nursery stock, including one-year-old seedlings and transplants, growing at the various forest stations: Norfolk County (St. Williams) 16,411,230 Durham County (Orono) 3,454,600 Simcoe County (Midhurst) 2,093,000 Hendrie 1,511,000 Sand Banks 1,449,000 Kemptville 300,000 Total 25,218,830 Plantations: The distribution of planting material for various purposes was continued during the past season and the grand total of plants put out in various forms of planting amounted to 1,911,068. Seed Collecting: The past autumn was a splendid year for the collection of red pine cones. It was usually difficult to secure seed of this tree in large quantities, but during the past autumn a large amount of cones was collected, so that we will be gua**anteed red pine seed for the next two or three years. Jas. Lyons, Minister. Department of Lands and Forests, Toronto, October 31st, 1923. APPENDICES |17i 18 REPORT OF THE No. 3 PQ o - a; j2 20 u > lU u b «= c Cd H C/) o oo ooo ooooo ooooo 800 oo O O O lO lO oo OO 000<:^1>- OO"-! Ot^ rD'-iCNO\r~ oo OOOOOOO'OOOO OOOOOOOQ oo OOO ooooo oo OOOOO OOOO OO ooo OOOOOOO OOO OOOOOO oo lO O O O O O oo O lO O O O O O O "0 O O lO On 00 m ro On On oo 00 t^ l:^ 00 fO (N fS CN CS CN O no oi < NO tJi es CS ■^ CN rfi ^-1 »-l T-l (>J il lillisslllslillilli ro On m t^ 10 -s) ,-H O On --< On On On 00 On On O 00 ■rt •rt O . u Jj V-t Q) ^ 5 ^0 OiOOiTJOOOOOOOOt^OOiOO'^t^'O 'O-'-if'5i0'-ii-(00t^iOv0>O'*t^tNCMO0N0NOsO •>* CO (M CN CN CN • O O O O O O "O OO OOOOl^ r^ On t^ lO rO CN 0\ T-1 CS ■ t^ooT-OnCnO>O\OvO>OsO\O\ O^ (3\ 0\ 0\ O^ O^ Os bO >- ^ rt b u .!= E :< J kAS Q ^x oq u-' >■!-' d ui CD ui ui S ^>-;>-:>S < d C 4>-n 3^ t •o^ 3 -fs u c C c ;,' 9 rt 3 O^ J^ UCQ< au^ttiuuS n s CD 20 REPORT OF THE No. 3 ecj oooooooo . 3 oooooooo t: c \n\r)\f)-rfir3ir)-rto OOOOOr^ •^ t^ •<-i PO O On Tt'cvTcN'^'-r \O'*iOOvOv"0t^'-i u. ^ u >^ u ?; ^ a : ^ooo^^'-ia\ O\O\O\OvO\O\O\00 lO tJ< •>-< OS -^ 0\ UO P (/) • . . . . . <" :::::. .^ ^ : : : : : :-^ »-i 01 - c T-^ ' „UJ bo ri 03 t-* f 1 c/)D5 Dh< C O) 03 (u fO'^ CQ 03 U. o Uu t3 C 03 iz; CO T) < C 0) U J u O < 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 21 P XI O o N O hfl ^ H ^ >. A, 4) ^ J2 ei >«2 u C ja c 0) o 6 03 o Q a •^ o n: o 4) O 'S-o - ooo ooo OiOOOOO lO CC CM CS ID \0 oooooooooo OOOOOOOOOiO lOliOfO'-OO'OiO'OOCS ooo ooooooooooo ooo ooooooooooo ooo ooooooooooo ooo ooooooooooo T-i ■>-< ,-1 o ^ >■_o>^Ji£^> o >> c-^ t/) H- >< 1^ < CA) >— >^-»'— iI/3 *'^ lO J^ ro lO '-I ^O lO ^H o -^ O <>J -^ o Os On Ov On On On Ov -.-(•^O'-i'OCSOsiO'^'-i ^-H'thcN'-h^-i^-iOO'-I'-i On On On On On On On On On On ir)iOT-i»— lOOt-^Ol^ONfO"^ OOfNCNOO-Hi-l.-ICNO OnOnOnOnOnOnOnOnOsOnOn 6-0 a 3 3 C.5 •g-o o (u o^ i3 I- -a ^§ '^c^ - ^ - n u o-c o ;3 Is ""^^ (ii o 1:; = ^<^' u o u C 1-1 Vi 5 > 'q "o "q ^ be -J-;" "o ■M ^ 4J C-^-3' rt 3 o bo 'in 'a C . 3 art Q. . . . EQ. U Wh u u u rt rt rt cd rt CuCuOhCuOh >n"0- e C 3 > O O u-Ji w >-< li Pi l> U rt CT3 rt rt - ^ rt rt QuOl, -3 c-2-c' c^J-S 0^-45 03 O 4) c^ o rt rt o J3 0? C ^B u 3 y j; c/) Cue/) OJ5 bp S-TS TO w *j-i ^^ v^ ^H jr ^^ *^ UH:ScuSQ< t^"§ 22 REPORT OF THE No. 3 c .s s -i "W -l-> » u <» n •<&< ■<^ V) ^ C (U bti < oi S >>5 e o 6 rt O . Q a 0) ■M -a bo 5 to &, h •-I o o < CD e -I h4 I o a < < lOOOO ^-ooo ■^ CN 00 On OOOOOOOOOOOO oooooooooooo u^CN>-iir5a\rJO«r3i0 ooooooooo ooooooooo t^ 0\ fO 00 CN CO CO Oi'-O ■^ ■•-^ c^ -^ r-i c^ r^ ■^ i-T T^VOT-lOO^-li-H'-HTj cj ^ >> u bb >> e >> C P (S I— )< < _>)— ,1— ,< 1 e rt n — >^ •— > '■ 3 ad S3 >> (J '0>bcS£ t* rt CO o - i2 ^ 5 >^ o o rt y b; o 4J O. tn 3 O 3l^ WJCio • i5 o^ G tS"3 ■M^ S'S bfi C ^ cJ C e' 41 O be bjO C .2 u) -§5 ? rt 2 . 3 CUbio^.S "-t b g S c -a 3 6 §0 c 3 0 •c < tn 0 Q t/) rt ■u N H ^ l« 0 rt hr Ml ■M o:, 5 o 0) >> O&H -' +-> ^ 3 ju o Zk u,UcqZcJoSouuSmP cu^(/)OZZUCUiy) ^ rt 3 Is "! " 0.^:2 U i K J S ^ c/} y5 ^ 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 23 Appendix No. 3. Statement of Lands Sold and Leased. Amount of Sales and Leases and Amount of Collections for the year ending October 31st, 1923. Service. Acres sold and leased. Amount of sales and leases. Collections on sales and leases. Lands Sold: Agricultural and Townsites 113,031.97 $ c 110,158 36 $ c 107,900 26 Clergy Lands 134 00 Common School Lands 1,418 89 Grammar School Lands 196 CO University Lands 3,063 37,907.97 16 1,531 50 5,131 01 162 50 1,806 89 Lands Leased: Crown 87,632 01 Temagami 1,138 84 154,018.94 116,983 37 200,226 89 H. M. LOUNT, Accountant W. C. CAIN, Deputy Minister of Lands and Forests. 24 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 4. Statement of Revenue of the Department of Lands and Forests for the year ending October 31st, 1923. Service. $ c. $ c. $ c. Land Collections. Crown Lands: Agricultural 84,936 07 22,964 19 107,900 26 3,555 78 Townsites Clergy Lands 134 00 1,418 89 196 00 1,806 89 Common School Lands Grammar School Lands University Lands 111,456 04 Rent: Crown Leases 82,140 27 2,200 74 3,291 00 1,138 84 Algonquin Provincial Park Rondeau Provincial Park Temagami Leases 88,770 85 Woods and Forests. Bonus 931,013 87 1,152,068 90 97,545 08 7,915 15 196,888 44 Timber Dues Transfer Fees 2,385,431 44 Parks: Algonquin Provincial Park 6,996 ^Z 1,841 20 470 93 Rondeau Provincial Park Quetico Provincial Park 9,308 96 1,320 41 404 00 134 00 Cullers' Fees Forest Reserves Guides' Fees 1 S^S 41 Refunds. Forest Ranging 89,450 93 1,826 74 1,312 95 1,598 43 1,807 31 350 40 182 50 32 60 25 00 8 58 Clearing Townsites and Removing Fire Hazards. . . Surveys Litigation of Constitutional and other Questions. . . Agents' Salaries and Disbursements Forest Reserves Display at Toronto Exhibition Reforestation Contingencies, 96,595 44 2,693,421 14 H. M. LOUNT, Accountant. W. C. CAIN, Deputy Minister of Lands and Forests. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 25 Appendix No. 5. Statement of Receipts of the Department of Lands and Forests for the year ending October 31st, 1923, which are considered as Special Funds, Service. $ c. $ c. Principal Clergy Lands. 99 95 34 05 Interest . - Common School Lands. 134 00 Principal 757 20 661 69 Interest Grammar School Lands. 1,418 89 Principal 122 50 73 50 Interest - University Lands. 196 00 Principal 1,211 38 595 51 Interest 1,806 89 $3,555 78 H. M. LOUNT, Accountant. W. C. CAIN, Deputy Minister of Lands and Forests. 26 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 6. Statement of Disbursements of the Department of Lands and Forests for the year ending October 31st, 1923. Service. $ c. $ c. $ c. Agents' Salaries and Disbursements. Land, $23,43^.99 Arthurs, E 500 00 352 85 646 25 200 00 1,475 00 622 00 540 00 637 00 300 00 1,249 50 541 30 522 00 500 00 514 60 1,194 00 268 25 1,103 10 420 00 311 48 Baker, R. H 350 00 2 85 Disbursements Blank, F 500 00 146 25 Disbursements Both, C Bolcer, T. W 1,200 00 275 00 Disbursements «• Brown, John 600 00 22 00 Disbursements Cameron, W 500 00 40 00 Disbursements Campbell, Miss I. M 500 00 137 00 Disbursements Dean, T Dempsay, S. J 1.100 00 149 50 Disbursements 500 00 41 30 Disbursements Douglas, W. T. , . 500 00 22 00 Disbursements Ellis, H. J 500 00 14 60 Disbursements Gibson, J. E 1,000 00 194 00 Hales, W 250 00 18 25 Disbursements Holland, H. E 600 00 503 10 Hollands, C. J 300 00 120 00 Disbursements Lockhart, J 259 04 41 44 11 00 Watt, F Disbursements Carried forward 11,897 33 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 27 Appendix No. & — Continued. Service. $ c. $ c. Brought forward Agents' Salaries and Disbursements — Continued. Land — Concluded. McFayden, A Disbursements . MacLennan, J. K. . Disbursements . Mills, J. E Disbursements . O'Donnell, J. L. . . . Disbursements. Parsons, W. J Disbursements . Philion, J. A Marchildon, J. P.. . Disbursements . Small, R Disbursements . Teasdale, R. A Disbursements . Thaw, D Disbursements. Whyboiirne, W. E. . Disbursements . Wilson, A. N Disbursements . Wilson, S. H Kurki, Miss A Disbursements . Woollings, J Disbursements. Homestead Inspectors, $27,032.24. Barr, J. C Disbursements . Bastien, J, A Disbursements . Brown, J. B Disbursements . Cragg, W. V Disbursements. Carried forward . 600 00 40 30 700 00 78 95 1,200 00 253 39 800 00 239 85 1,000 00 212 00 166 68 257 60 126 93 500 00 17 70 600 00 141 91 500 00 16 40 300 00 18 30 175 00 13 25 1,200 00 700 00 746 40 800 00 136 00 1,500 00 766 12 1,200 00 1,080 53 1,100 00 419 50 1,500 00 563 50 11,897 Zi 640 30 778 95 1,453 39 1,039 85 1,212 00 551 21 517 70 741 91 516 40 318 30 188 25 2,646 40 936 00 2,266 12 2,280 53 1,519 50 2,063 50 31,567 64 28 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 6 — Continued. Service. $ c. $ c. $ c. Brought forward 31,567 64 1,225 78 2,072 75 2,083 10 2,663 55 6,254 68 2,463 70 2,139 03 4,330 11 ■ 2,052 03 1,900 00 4,040 82 4,077 20 3,038 11 2,592 32 4,802 68 Agents' Salaries and Disbursements — Continued. Homestead Inspectors. — Concluded. Dean, T 900 00 325 78 Disbursements Hughes, T 1,400 00 672 75 Disbursements Jervis, H. F 1,500 00 583 10 Disbursements Owens, H. B 1,000 00 1,663 55 Disbursements Smith, D 1,800 00 1,600 00 225 00 284 00 112 00 2,233 68 VanHorn, L. E Corke, A McArthur, A. J Thompson, J. Disbursements Watson, T. P 1,500 00 963 70 Disbursements Wigle, R. G 1,500 00 639 03 Disbursements Timber, $42,873.05. Alexander, J. A 2,504 00 902 88 923 23 • McLeod, Miss R Disbursements Christie, W. P 1,700 00 352 03 Disbursements.' Hawkins, S. J Huckson, A. H 2,300 00 602 27 120 00 1,018 55 Bell, MissB McDougall, Miss M Disbursements McCaw, J. G 2,504 00 963 04 610 16 MacCrindle, Miss I Disbursements McDougall, J. T 2,300 00 738 11 Disbursements MacDonald, S. C 2,200 00 392 32 Disbursements Milwav, J. H 2,504 00 960 00 1,338 68 Godfrey, Miss S Disbursements Carried forward 77,303 50 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 29 Appendix No. 6 — Continued. Service. $ c. $ c. $ c. Brought forward 77,303 50 4,535 99 3,384 43 2,405 7 2,968 02 2,745 67 51 73 50 00 50 00 1,659 68 808 94 Agents' Salaries and Disbursements — Continued. Timber — Concluded. Smith, J. D. C 2,504 00 902 92 1,129 07 Brunsel, Miss K. L Disbursements Spence, D. J 2,300 00 1,084 43 Disbursements Stevenson, A 1,900 00 505 67 Whelan, P. J 2,504 00 464 02 Disbursements Wood, W. G. A 1,600 00 1,145 67 Disbursements Miscellaneous, ?2, 620.35. Green, H. P., Caretaker of Islands in Charleston Lake. Disbursements 50 00 1 73 Jamieson, W. H., Caretaker of Islands in Dog and McArthur, T. A., Inspector of Agencies 900 00 759 68 Disbursements Hartt, J. I., Inspector of Crown Timber Agencies, etc. 540 99 267 95 95,963 63 Ottawa Agency. Larose, S. C, Acting Agent 1,800 00 814 27 Rent 700 00 114 27 Disbursements 2,614 27 Cullers' Act. McCaw, J. G., disbursements 24 30 41 50 28 00 22 30 McDonald, S. C, disbursements McNabb, A. D., services 8 00 20 00 disbursements Whelan, P. J., disbursements 116 10 Carried forward 98,694 00 30 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 6 — Continued. Service. $ c. $ c. % c. Brought forward 98,694 00 Fire Ranging 1,067,202 22 Forest Ranging 487,046 91 Forest Reserves 9,470 28 Reforestation 214,547 12 Algonquin Provincial Park 46,747 67 QuETico Provincial Park 10,870 55 Rondeau Provincial Park 14,377 72 Surveys 168,277 80 Colonization Roads 827,855 98 Board of Surveyors 200 00 Grant to Canadian Forestry Association 3,000 00 Insurance 1,785 57 Commissions re Sundry Investigations 28,518 90 Litigation of Constitutional and Other Questions 18,047 93 Allowance School Section, South Walsingham.. 300 00 Workmen's Compensation 3,972 09 Unforeseen and Unprovided 1,216 30 Creation and Extension of Parks 1,128 61 Clearing Townsites and Removing Fire Hazards. 99,896 73 Grant to Empire Forestry Conference 7,000 00 Special Warrants. Clearing Lands at Kapuskasing 7,401 82 3,600 00 7,000 00 400,000 00 6,385 20 Legal Fees and Expenses Burlington Beach Commission Compensation to Chippawa and Mi?sissauga Kapuskasing Water and Sewerage System 424,387 02 20 00 Miscellaneous. Law Society of Upper Canada, lees Refunds — Miscellaneous 18,986 22 Display at Toronto Exhibition 1,179 03 Moving Expenses of Officials. . . 379 25 Purchase and Maintenance of Automobiles 2,904 51 Veterans' Commutation 1,000 00 ■ 1 Carried forward 1 3,559,012 41 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 31 Appendix No. 6 — Concluded. Service. $ c. $ c. $ c. Brought forward Contingencies, etc. Departmental. Printing and Binding Stationery Express and Cartage ....... Postage and Excise Stamps . Telegraphing. Car Fare. . . . Livery Subscriptions. Advertising. . Typewriters, repairs and inspections. Annual Membership Fees Bowman, Hon. Beniah, travelHng expenses Lyons, Hon. J. " " Keefer, F. H. Cain, W. C, Hutcheon, J., Niven, F. J., " " Rorke, L. V., Titus, F. E., Work, J., Extra Clerks. Maps Sundries Extra Services: O'Neil, A. H.. Trivett, W. F. Colonization Roads Contingencies. Printing and Binding. Stationery Postage Express Telegraphing Subscriptions Typewriter, repairs and inspections. Fullerton, C. H., travelling expenses. Meader, C. H., Extra Clerks. Sundries 4,231 25 16,122 37 661 3,203 87 70 1,728 33 24 00 125 75 227 Q7 10,306 03 1,097 29 01 00 662 86 600 00 669 63 190 21 516 54 215 00 697 33 122 31 48 55 10,557 93 6,055 06 259 45 411 651 43 83 215 21 92 28 80 47 16 50 109 00 184 521 54 23 1,082 111 64 92 20,353 62 3,865 57 1,878 08 10,534 00 1,126 01 3,722 43 16,872 44 218 13 244 50 1,063 26 237 20 205 97 705 77 "1,194 56 3,559,012 41 58,352 15 462 63 3,406 76 3,621,233 95 For particulars of expenditure of the Northern Development Branch, see Appendix No. H. M. LOUNT, Accountant. W. C. CAIN, Deputy Minister of Lands and Forests. 32 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix Forestry Statement of Timber and Amounts accrued from Timber Dues, Ground Rent, Quantity and Area covered .by timber licenses. Saw logs. Agencies. Pine. Other. Square Miles. Pieces. Feet B.M. Pieces. Feet B.M. Pieces. Western Timber District 12,715§ 702i 4,351 8,641,461 64,100 755,481 307,105,616 1,377,806 37,195,213 1,451,782 59,065 330,693 43,952,300 1,425,251 9,736,857 86,714 Belleville Timber District 725 Ottawa Timber District 1,070 17,7681 9,461,042 345,678,635 1,841,540 55,114,408 88,509 General Statement Agencies. Shingle Bolts. Cedar Lineal feet. Cedar Posts Tele- graph Poles. Pulp- wood. Railway Ties. Cords. Pieces. Pieces. Cords. Pieces. Transfer Fees. Interest. Western Timber District Belleville Tim- ber District. . 2,077 9,627 75,765 11,830 3,242 5,559 1,130 547,678 64 ^ 25,619 1,653,619 5,598 175 $ c 5,190 15 50 00 2,675 00 $ c 31,309 23 115 14 Ottawa Timber. District 1,073 88 2,077 9,627 90,837 6,689 573,361 1,659,392 7,915 15 32,498 25 JOHN H. HOUSER, Chief Clerk in Charge. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 33 No. 7. Branch. Fire Protection and Bonus, etc., during the year ending 31st October, 1923. Description of Timber. Boom and Dimension. Piling. Cordwood. Tan Pine. Other. Hard. Soft. Bark. Feet B.M. Pieces. Feet B.M. . Pieces. Lineal Feet. Pieces. Feet B.M. Cords. Cords. Cords. 10,178,181 113,136 20,140 445 5,336 1,728,378 70,015 660,372 1,033 103,056 5,504 525,743 7,511 ICO 30,529 2,189 247,553 1,418 10,538,870 25,921 2,458,765 1,033 103,056 5,504 525,743 7,611 31,947 2,189 of Timber. — Concluded. Amounts accrued. Trespass. Timber Dues. Bonus. Deposit Timber Sales. Ground Rent. Fire Protection. Total. $ c 33,084 41 2,609 95 $ c 1,532,332 17 6,238 41 127.067 56 $ c 1,532,770 10 $ c 139,754 86 $ c 72,676 71 3,180 00 21,150 00 $ c 165,616 91 3,957 80 27,313 73 $ c 3,512,734 54 16 151 30 244 22 179,524 39 35,938 58 1,665,638 14 1,532,770 10 139,754 86 97,006 71 196,888 44 3,708,410 23 W. C. CAIN, Deputy Minister. 2 LF 34 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 8. Forestry Branch. Statement of Revenue collected during the year ending October 31st, 1923. Amount of Western Collections at Department $2,272,908 95 Belleville " " " 16,614 27 " Ottawa " " " 95,908 22 $2,385,431 44 FORESTRY BRANCH. Timber Dues $1,152,068 90 Bonus 931,013 87 Ground Rent 97,545 08 Fire Protection 196,888 44 Transfer Fees 7,915 15 $2,385,431 44 FORESTRY BRANCH REVENUE. October 31st, 1923. Western District — Timber dues $1,067,204 63 Bonus 791,156 46 Ground rent 72,676 71 Interest, timber dues 30,869 68 ■ Interest ground rent 439 55 Transfer fees 5, 190 15 Timber sale deposit 139,754 86 Fire protection 165,616 91 ?,272,908 95 Ottawa District — Timber dues $43,695 61 Ground rent 21,150 00 Interest, timber dues 1,022 88 Interest, ground rent 5 1 00 Fire protection 27,313 73 Transfer fees 2 675 00 95,908 22 Belleville District — Timber dues $9,208 78 Bonus 102 55 Ground rent 3,180 00 Interest, timber dues * 67 32 Interest, ground rent 47 82 Fire protection 3,957 80 Transfer fees 50 00 16,614 27 J,385,431 44 JOHN H. HOUSER, - W. C. CAIN, Chief Clerk in Charge, Deputy Minister. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 35. Appendix No. 9, CULLERS' EXAMINATION. Three examinations were held during the year, one at Callander, one at Thessalon and one at Kenora, on the 29th day of August, 1923. Twenty-six candidates were successful in passing the examination, and were duly granted licenses authorizing them to act as cullers. List of parties who passed the Cullers' Examination on the 29th day of August, 1923, and were duly granted licenses on the 10th day of September, 1923. Name Address Place of Examination Bissonnette, J. A Fort Frances Kenora. Colley, John W Sturgeon Falls Callander. Cowan, S Port Arthur Kenora. Carnihan, H. M Fort Frances Kenora. Cameron, N. S Stratton Kenora. Graydon, J. C Kenora Kenora. Gillies, J. P Blind River Thessalon. Horn, J. M Kenora Kenora. Hooper, W. A Kenora Kenora. Hook, D. E Kenora Kenora. Johns, C. H ; Sudbury Callander. Kennedy, Thos. J Lakefield Callander. Kennedy, James Stanley Thessalon Thessalon. Knight, George E Pakesley Callander. (License issued Jan. 4, 1924.) L'Abbe, Philip Port Arthur Kenora. Lacasse, P. D Port Arthur Kenora. McMillan, F.J Blind River Thessalon. McGillivray, James A Blind River Thessalon. Nault, Thos Sault Ste. Marie Thessalon. Ruxton, James Pakesley Callander. (License issued Nov. 29, 1923.) Sutherland, J. W North Bay Callander, Spence, S. D Espanola Callander. Shaw, Allan Keewatin Kenora. Shrumm, W. F Stratton Kenora. Snider, Roy 37 Emmerson Ave., Toronto Thessalon. Waller, Thos. F North Bay Callander. P.S. — Conway, Harold, Barry's Bay, examined at North Bay; Jones, W. J., 107 Marchmount Road, examined at North Bay: who presented themselves for examination in 1921, were granted Culler's License after obtaining further experience of one year, the former on the 16th August, 1923, and the latter on the 18th April, 1923. JOHN H. HOUSER, W. C. CAIN, Chief Clerk. Deputy Minister 36 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 10. PATENTS OFFICE (Lands Branch). Statement of Patents, etc., issued from 1st November, 1922, to 31st October, 1923. Public Lands (late Crown) 577 " " (late School) • 12 " " (late Clergy Reserves) • 1 " " (University) 20 Free Grant Lands (Act of 1913) 301 " ' " (Act of 1901 Veterans) 224 Mining Lands (Patents) 337 Mining Leases 192 Crown Leases 152 Licenses of Occupation 98 Temagami Island Leases 11 Sand and Gravel Licenses 23 Pine Patents 7 Quarry Claims 6 Water Power Leases 11 Releases of Pine 2 Orders-in-Council (Vesting) „ 2 Total 1,976 CHAS. E. BURNS Clerk of Patents. SELBY DRAPER, W. C. CAIN, Chief Clerk. Deputy Minister of Lands and Forests. Appendix No. 11. Statement of the work done in Military Office, Lands Branch of the Department of Lands and Forests, during the year ending October 31st, 1923. Veteran patents issued 224 Locations under military certificates 273 Certificates applied in payment of lands 4 Certificates surrendered for commutation money 20 J. B. PROCTOR, Clerk in Charge. SELBY DRAPER, W. C. CAIN, Chief Clerk. » Deputy Minister of Lands and Forests. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 37 Appendix No. 12. Records Branch, 1922-1923. Communications received: From Crown Lands Agents , 8,335 " Crown Timber Agents 4,399 " Mining Recorders 4,284 " Homestead Inspectors 3,242 " Superintendent Algonquin Park 660 " Superintendent Quetico Park 115 " Superintendent Rondeau Park 346 Orders-in-Council ; . 209 Telegrams 134 Northern Development Branch (figures supplied by them) 11,386 Loan Commissioner (figures supplied by them) 7,083 Forestry Branch (figures supplied by them) 25,725 Colonization Roads (figures supplied by them) 4,968 All other sources 29,325 Total incoming (Minister's Ofiice not included) , 100,211 Communications sent out: To Crown Lands Agents, Crown Timber Agents, Inspectors and Park Superin- tendents 24,480 « General Public. 21,108 Circular Letters re Timber Sales, etc 8,923" Maps and Blue Prints by Surveys Branch 4,800 Northern Development Branch (figures supplied by them) 13,449 " " " (Seed-grain) (figures supplied by them) 1,620 Loan Commissioner (figures supplied by them) 12,628 Forestry Branch Letters (figures supplied by them) 10,773 " " " (Parcels and calendars) (figures supplied by them) 1,324 Colonization Roads (figures supplied by them) 4,400 Total outgoing (Minister's Office not included) 103,505 Postage: Postage for the year, Records Branch 2,187 II " " Loan Commissioner 400 00 " " Forestry Branch 601 14 " " Colonization Roads 190 12 " " Northern Dev. Branch 906 10 Files: New Files issued. General 5,855 " ** Accounts chargeable 629 " " Accounts free 187 S. K. BURDIN, W. C. CAIN, Chief Clerk, Records Branch. Deputy Minister of Lands and Forests. 38 REPORT CF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 13. Statement showing the number of Locatees and of acres located ; of purchasers and of acres sold ; of lots resumed for non-performance of the settlement duties; and of patents issued in Free Grant Townships during the year ending 31st October, 1923. Township District or County Agent C 1-^ en a; V4-1 *^ o S 6-2 t 1^ Scoble Stirling Strange Ware Thunder Bay. « « « Rainy River. . « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « Rainy River. . « <( « « « « « « « u « « « Kenora « « « « « « « « « « « « Kenora S. H. Wilson, Port Arthur. . « « Wm. Cameron, Stratton . . « « « « « « « « « « « « Alex. McFayden, Emo. . 6 15 3 10 870 2,137i 439 1,147 2 3 1 1 122 232i 2 417i 4 9 2 7 473 1,425 319 941 2 4 2 11 32U 621f 320^ 1,180 Atwood Blue. 7 3 4 962i 480 412f 1 i 2 2 6 238 320 559f 6 1 5 2 1 2 2 729 Curran Dewart Dilke 1 99f 162 Morley Morson 2 12 11 6 4 5 241 1,367 1,638 727 521 816^ 3 163 1 8 6 5 3 3 80 l,064i 8741 645 361 4741 728 317^ McCrosson .... 161 Nelles 4 85 323 PatuUo 240 Pratt Roseberry Shenston Sifton Spohn Sutherland Tait 13 14 10 2 14 1,900 2,009 l,540f 160i 1,866 2 1 3 169f 77i 36 13 13 11 2 10 l,990i 1,7451 1,569 324 l,393i 1 "l 4 1 80 "l74^' 652 Tovell 2 1 119f 3 156 Worthington . . . Aylesworth .... Barwick Burriss « « « « « « (( (( <( « « « J. E. Gibson, Dryden . . « « « « « « « « « « H. E. Holland, Kenora. . 1 6 2 8 159i 907i 100§ 1,286^ 2 4 2 6 319 665 i lOOi 967i 2 1 1 2 3 1 3595 Carpenter Crozier 1 70f 160 160 Dance 1 1 1 159i 2 h 319i 526 Devlin Dobie Fleming 1 80i 3 394f \m Kingsford Lash 9 1 4 1,418 162 657^ 3 80i 7 1 4 1,102 164 656^ 2 1 5 2 1 2 341 160 Mather 580 Miscampbell. . . 1 11 320 Potts 3 1 482 158^ 4 1 65U 158 160 Richardson .... 240 Roddick Woodyatt Aubrey Britton 7 13 5 2 3 5 8 20 7 8 8 10 2 5 5 28 12 9 1,084^ 2,017 639^ 222i 470^ 581 1,097 3,153 1,118§ 1,270 1,059 1,272 240 599f 794 3,519 1,880 1,093 1 8U 7 5 3 1,084^ 796i 431 6 1 3 852 162 Eton 1 2 764 Langton Melgund 3 112i 4 3 3 2 5 9 4 2 630i 273 542 312i 800 1,442 579 242 Mutrie 1 122 Redvers Rowell 3 12 350 Rugby Sanford 1 4 1,520J Southworth. . . . Temple Van Home. . . . 1 1 88 65 . 1 1 2 4 2 1 3 6 80 160 240 Wabigoon VV^ain Wright. . . . 1 7 4 4 12 7 6 592i 634 1,753 1,140 685 717} 319f Zealand Melick Pellatt 3 1 1 217J 1 29 164i 508 818 42 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No 13— Continued Township District or County Agent CO C Q, 0) o u CO u 0) CO 3 a d 2 "o CO CO 'o 6 CO o w to CO C 4) OS d-2 CO 4)13 O^ « C d o- Balfour Sudbury « « « « u U u « Sudbury (I u u « « « Nipissing « it it it it Lennox and Addington . . Frontenac .... « « Lennox and Addington. . « it Haliburton . . . Parry Sound . . Nipissing « « Renfrew Parry Sound . . J. K. MacLennan, Sudbury. . « it « « « « John Brown, Markstay . . « « « « « J. P. Marchildon, Sturgeon Falls « tt tt Chas. Booth, Denbigh . . 1 160 Blezard 5 1 2 1 796 60 297 136 1 h 4 643^ Broder 1 60 Capreol. ...... 2 342 Chapleau 49 Dell 2 4 2 320 446 32U 4 417 Garson Hanmer 4 1 5161 80 2 161 Lumsden Morgan Neelon 3 1 3 4 300 1011 342 590^ 1 1 1 1 2 77 Rayside 1 2 6 86 2431 855i Appleby Casimir 159i 4 79 Dunnet 164^ Hagar 10 1,679^ 2 63 6 760 1601 Jennings Kirkpatrick Ratter 1 171 3 1 2 3 500 160 204i 50U 2 232 Caldwell Cosby 4 534 Grant 2 U 1 147 Macpherson . . . Martland . . . 1 159i 1 159^ 4 1 1 412^ Springer Abinger . 82 219 tt it tt it tt tt Unattached 1 39 1 100 " N. Clarendon . . 2 1 176 Denbigh 1 99 99 Miller Pt Palmerston McClintock 1 1 1 50 Shawanaga. . . . Airy (( (( tt tt tt tt it Total 2 2 210 2 210 157^ Finlayson Murchison Sabine . . . 3 1 3 495 Burns 199 Burton 1 1 3 718 90,143 113 5,767 443 51,745 411 54,349i No. of lots assigned 225 SELBY DRAPER, Chief Clerk. W. R. LEDGER, Clerk of Free Grants. No. of acres assigned 28,080 W. C. CAIN, Deputy Minister of Lands and Forests. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 43 Appendix No. 13 — Continued ISLANDS SOLD Part or Parcel Township District or County Agent No ot Acres Sold Island A Mason Parry Sound u « Lennox and Add- ington Frontenanc I. M. Campbell u « « « 4. " B (Part) (( 1.5 " B (Part) (( 4.63 " B 429, Georgian Bay « .7 Island A, Weslemcoon Lake Ashby Island B, Sharbot Lake Olden 5. 1.94 Big Pine Island, Loon Lake Chandos Peterborough .... Wm. Hales 1.25 Pine Island, Loon Lake .75 Wolfe Island, Charles- ton Lake Lansdowne Drayton . . 52.25 Parcel M C 20, Abrams' Lake Kenora 1.7 Island F P 97, Pelican Lake « « .1 Location M C 8 « (( .9 Parcel R K 244 Zealand Baxter u 5.14 Parcel 2, Island 133. . . Muskoka it u « Haliburton J. B. Brown « « 1.5 Island South of Big or Tobin's Island Medora .34 Island S, Lake Joseph. . Bonner's Island, St. Mary's Lake Echo Island Humphry Stephenson Stanhope Aweres South Crosby. . . . « Darling Nipissing .9 1.88 2. Club Island, Island Lake Algoma Thos. Dean Unattached « H.J. Ellis 2.5 German Island Sauvage Island Waba Island, White Lake Leeds 2.23 2.70 Lanark 2. Idlewylde Island, Lake Nipissing . ... Nipissing 3.4 99.31 44 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 13 — Continued ISLANDS PATENTED Part or Parcel Township District or County Agent and Post Office Address No. of Acres Patented Island B 357 Cowper Parry Sound « « u U « « « « « « « « Muskoka Miss I. M. Campbell (< « « « « « « M « « « « « Jas. B. Brown « 1 70 " B 716 u 2.70 " B 597 u 1: « B 358 « 4 " C 57 (Part) Carling 9.50 " C 35 « 1.36 « C 309 « 3.64 " 842 A Harrison « « « Conger .40 « D 34 « 383 A 1.15 Pt. 4, Island 96 Ft. Island 355 A Ni Island B 28 2. 4.93 5. Island B 7311 (( 8.80 « B 285 « 1.70 Pt. Island 3464 T P. .. Mowat 5. Good Luck Island Cranberry or Island A. Morrison 1. .40 54.62 SELBY DRAPER, Chief Clerk. W. C. CAIN, Deputy Minister. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 45 Appendix No. 13 — Concluded List showing number of locations by Returned Soldiers in Sale and Free Grant Territory, respectively. Number District Agency Locations In Sale Territory Algoma Hearst 13 " Kapuskasing ■ 13 " Thessalon 1 " Sault Ste. Marie r Nil Temiskaming Englehart 3 " Cochrane 28 " Elk Lake Nil " Haileybury 1 " Matheson 19 " New Liskeard Nil Sudbury Massey 1 " Sudbury 1 « Unattached 13 " Markstay 1 Nipissing North Bay 7 Thunder Bay Port Arthur 11 Kenora Kenora 1 113 Statement showing number of lots resumed for non-performance of settlement duties by, or on behalf of returned soldiers. In Sale Territory Temiskaming Cochrane . 28 " New Liskeard 5 " Englehart 3 " Matheson 12 " Hearst 19 " Elk Lake Nil Algoma Massey 1 Cochrane Kapuskasing 11 Nipissing North Bay 2 " Markstay 1 " Unattached. ; 1 83 SELBY DRAPER, W. C. CAIN, Chief Clerk. Deputy Minister of Lands and Forests. 46 PEPOPT OF TFE No. 3 Appendix No. 14 Statement showing the number of purchasers and of acres sold; of lots resumed for non- performance of the settlement duties; and of patents issued in Townships other than Free Grant during the year ending 31st October, 19^3. Tow;nship District or County Agent U2 0 Is2 0 c« 6 <^ CO °^ 0 rt 4) oi c 6"" en 0) II 0 ^'^ ^ tn 0 _(n 6"" »*- c 0 0 . 0 <*. to 0 rt .-C 0 «> 0 " 6-2 :z; :z; 2; (U T3 <*- *^ Alexandra Belleville Capreol Cobalt, North Dryden Foleyet Fordwich Hearst Hornepayne Kirkland Lake Kapuskasing Killarney Macfarlane Moonbeam Missanabie Petewawa Sioux Lookout Swastika Winnipeg River Crossing Cochrane. . . . Hastings. . . . Sudbury. . . . Timiskaming Kenora Sudbury Huron Cochrane. . . . Algoma Timiskaming Cochrane. . . . Algoma Kenora Timiskaming Algoma Renfrew Kenora Timiskaming Kenora Unattached. H. E. Sheppard. Unattached .... W. G. A. Wood. Unattached. . . . 1.00 .50 .64 .11 .25 1.00 2.00 19.24 .80 1.72 27.37 .17 3.82 .16 1.87 .25 .94 .85 163.57 154 51 .50 .72 .75 .06 2.00 18.50 .87 15.39 .17 1.32 ,34 .50 20 .23 23 44.78 SELBY DRAPER, Chief Clerk, J. B. PROCTOR, Clerk in Charge. W. C. CAIN, Deputy Minister qf Lands and Forests. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 51 Appendix No. 15. Honourable James Lyons, Minister of Lands and Forests, Toronto, Ont. Sir, — Surveys were carried out under instructions from this department during the past year comprising the running of approximately 200 miles of base and meridian lines; 600 miles of township outlines; 2,000 miles of lake and river traverse, subdivision of two townships into lots and concessions and various timber and other miscellaneous surveys. Base and Meridian Lines Phillips & Benner, Ontario Land Surveyors, Port Arthur ; K. G. Ross, Ontario Land Surveyor, Sault Ste Marie, Ont., were engaged on base and meridian line work in the territory west of the Nepigon Forest Reserve, district of Thunder Bay, north and south of the Canadian National Railway. Township Boundaries J. W. Fitzgerald, Ontario Land Surveyor, Peterborough; Charles V. Gallagher, Ontario Land Surveyor, South Porcupine; McAuslan, Anderson & Moore, Ontario Land Surveyors, North Bay; Sutcliffe & Neelands, Ontario Land Surveyors, New Liskeard; Speight & VanNostrand, Ontario Land Surveyors, Toronto; H. J. Beatty, Ontario Land Surveyor, Pembroke, were engaged on the survey of township boundaries in the districts of Sudbury, Cochrane and Algoma, T. J. Patten, Ontario Land Surveyor, Little Current, subdivided the township of Mongowin, district of Sudbury. G. P. Angus, Ontario Land Surveyor, North Bay, subdivided the westerly part of the township of Thorning, district of Cochrane. Lake and River Traverse James S. Dobie, Ontario Land Surveyor, Thessalon, traverse of English River, district of Kenora. R. S. Kirkup, Ontario Land Surveyor, Port Arthur, traverse of Minnie- takie Lake and Big Sandy Lake, district of Kenora. C. R. Kenny, Ontario Land Surveyor, Sault Ste Marie, traverse of Moose River, district of Cochrane. J. T. Coltham, Ontario Land Surveyor, Parry Sound, traverse of part of Kabinakagami River, districts of Algoma and Cochrane. T. G. Code, Ontario Land Surveyor, Cobalt, traverse of part of Kabinakagami River,. district of Cochrane. D. J. Gillon, Ontario Land Surveyor, Fort Frances, traverse of Seine River, district of Rainy River. C. H. Wilkins, Ontario Land Surveyor, Hastings, traverse of Canoe and Smoke Lakes, in Algonquin National Park, district of Nipissing. Lang & Ross, Ontario Land Surveyors, Sault Ste. Marie, traverse of part of Sturgeon River and Upper English Rivers, district of Kenora. 52 ' REPORT OF THE No. 3 Timber Berth Surveys Timber line in Township 9 Z, district of Sudbury, by J. W. Fitzgerald, Ontario Land Surveyor, Peterborough. Timber lines in the township of Kittson and east of the township of Brigstocke, district of Timiskaming, by Sutcliffe & Neelands, Ontario Land Surveyors, New Liskeard. Miscellaneous Surveys Survey of summer resort parcels on Rama Island and also on islands near mouth of the Severn River, by C. E. Fitton, Ontario Land Surveyor, Toronto. Survey of summer resort parcels at Bruce Beach in the township of Huron, county of Bruce, by E. D. Bolton, Ontario Land Surveyor, Listowel. Survey of parcels of land at Severn River, crossing Canadian Pacific Railway, township of Matchedash, county of Simcoe, by L. D. N. Stewart, Ontario Land Surveyor, Toronto. C. E. Fitton, Ontario Land Surveyor, Toronto, carried on the inspection of survey work in the field during the past season. Detailed reports of the several surveys for which returns have been made during the year will be found in Appendices 20 to 34, inclusive. L. V. RORKE, Director of Surveys. Toronto, October 31st, 1923. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 53 Appendix No. 16 Statement of Municipal Surveys confirmed during the twelve months ending October 31st, 1923. No. Name of Surveyor George L. Brown. Frank N. ford.... Ruther E. T. Wilkie . No. 720 731 732 Date of Instructions July 2, 1919. Aug. 24, 1922 Nov. 22, 1922 Description of Survey To survey the road allowance be tween the 4th and 5th concessions of the township of Williamsburg across lost 10, 11 and 12, in said township, and that stone or other durable monuments be placed to mark the boundaries of the same. To survey the road allowance be- tween the townships of Grantham and Niagara, extending from the Queenston and Grimsby Provincial Road to the lake shore road, and to plant durable monuments to mark the said road allowance as set out herein To survey the original road allow- ance between lots 31 and 32 in the 1st concession of the township of Lancaster, county of Glengarry, from the Provincial Highway south to the St. Lawrence River, and to plant standard iron monu- ments to mark the said original road allowance Date when con- firmed under Ont. Statutes 1920, chap. 48, sec. 11-18, in- clusive June 30, 1923. July 16, 1923. July 7, 1923. V. RORKE, Director of Surveys. W. C. CAIN, Deputy Minister of Lands and Forests. 54 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 17 Statement of Municipal Surveys for which instructions issued during the twelve months ending October 31st, 1923. No. Name of Surveyor E. T. Wilkie . Oliver Smith. Roger M. Lee. A. G. Ardagh . Speight & Van Nostrand . . . . No. 732 733 734 735 736 Date of Instructions Nov. 22, 1922 Mar. 19, 1923 June 2, 1923. June 22, 1923 Aug. 22, 1923 Description of Survey To survey the original road allowance between lots 31 and 32 in the 1st concession of the township of Lancaster, county of Glengarry, from the Provin- cial Highways south to the St. Lawrence River and to plant standard iron monuments to mark the said original road allowance. To survey the original road allowance between the 13th and 14th concessions across lot 21, in the township of Harvey, county of Peterborough, and plant standard iron monuments to mark the limits of said road. To survey that part of the city of Brantford, in the county of Brant, lying between the westerly side of Rawdon Street and the centre line of Stanley Street and between the southerly side of Colborne Street, and the lands of the corporation of the city of Brantford on the north and to plant durable monuments to mark the several street lines within this described limit. To survey the line between the 15th and 16th con- cessions of the township of Sunnidale and the road allowance between lots 3 and 4, 6 and 7, 9 and 10 in the 16th concession. To survey the street known as Spadina Crescent in the city of Toronto, in the county of York, as shown on registered plan D 33. L. V. RORKE, Director of Surveys. W. C. CAIN, Deputy Minister of Lands and Forests. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 55 Appendix No. 18 Statement of Crown Surveys in progress during the twelve months ending October 31st, 1923. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Date of Instructions May 31, 1923 April 15, 1923 April 9, 1923 April 8, 1923 April 8, 1923 April 15, 1923 Aug. 30, 1923 April 5, 1923 April 5, 1923 April 10, 1923 April 15, 1923 Name of Surveyor G. P. Angus. . H. J. Beatty. . J. T. Coltham. Description of Surveys Survey the west part of the township of Thorning, district of Cochrane June 1, 1923 April 15, 1923 May 16, 1923 Aug. 30, 1923 April 15, 1923 June 18, 1923 April 15, 1923 T. G. Code J. S. Dobie J. W. Fitgerald.... J. W. Fitzgerald. . . D. J. Gillon C. V. Gallagher... R. S. Kirkup C. R. Kenny T. J. Patten K. G. Ross G. F. Summers. . . . SutclifTe & Neelands Sutcliffe & Neelands C. H. Wilkins.. .. Survey certain township outlines in the district of Algoma, west of A. C. Ry. . Traverse survey of Kabinakagami Lake and Kabibikagami River, district Cochrane and Algoma Amount paid Traverse part of Kabinikagami River, district Cochrane Traverse of part of English River and islands, districts Kenora and Patricia Survey certain township outlines south of C.P.R., district of Sudbury Survey of timber lines in township 9Z, district Sudbury Traverse of the Seine River, district of Rainy River Survey certain township outlines along the C. P. Ry., district of Sudbury Traverse shores of Minnietakie in district of Kenora Tranverse survey of Moose River, district of Cochrane McAuslan, Ander- son & Moore Survey of township Mongowin in district Sudbury Base and meridian line, district Thunder Bay Survey addition town plot of Alexandra, district of Cochrane Survey timber lines in the township of Kitson and east of Brigstocke, district of Timiskaming Survey certain township outlines east of the Abitibi, district of Cochrane. . . . Resurvey of shores of Canoe and Smoke Lakes Survey certain township outlines along C.P.R., district of Sudbury $2,350 00 7,450 00 3,000 00 2,160 00 8,000 00 6,120 00 250 00 8,000 00 6,100 00 3,000 00 4,160 00 1,000 00 7,267 50 100 00 200^00 6,075 00 2,940 00 6,050 00 $74,222 50 L. V. RORKE, Director of Surveys. W. C. CAIN, Deputy Minister of Lands and Forests. 56 TIEPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. ig Statements of Crown Surveys completed and closed during the twelve months ending October 31st, 1923. No. Date of Instructions Name of Surveyor Description of Survey Amount paid 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Sept. 26 April 12 April 27 April 12 April 12 May 8 April 12 Apr: Apr Apr Apr Apr: Apr Apr: Apr: Apr: Apr Apr Apr 1 17 1 18 1 18 1 12 1 1 1 21 1 26 1 22 1 12 1 12 1 5 1 27 1922 1922 1922 1922 1922 1922 1922 1922 1922 1922 1922 1922 1922 1922 1922 1922 1922 1922 1922 G. P. Angus. H. J. Beatty.. . . , Jas. T. Coltham. Jas. S. Dobie. . . . J. W. Fitzgerald. . . C. E. Fitton Chas. V. Gallagher D.J.Gillon C. R. Kenny Roy S. Kirkup. . . . McAuslan, Ander- son & Moore . . . Mooney & Gill Phillips & Benner. . . T. J. Patten K. G. Ross Sutcliffe & Neelands, Speight & Van Nostrand E. T. Wilkie.. C. H. Wilkins. Resnrvey of certain lots in the township of Blount, district of Cochrane Survey certain township outlines, district of Algoma Traverse of Severn River between the townships of Matchedash, Baxter, Morrison, Wood Traverse the shore of the English River and the islands therein, districts of Kenora and Patricia Certain township outlines south of the Canadian Pacific Railway, district of Sudbury. Inspection of surveys, 1922. Certain township outlines along the Can adian Pacific Railway, district of Sud bury Traverse of islands and part of the shore lines Lake of Woods, district Rainy River Traverse of portion of Abitibi River, district of Cochrane Traverse shores of Wabigoon Lake, etc., district of Kenora Certain township outlines along Can adian Railway, district of Sudbury.. . . Certain lines in unsurveyed territory, district of Sudbury Base and meridian lines, district of Thunder Bay Traverse part Mississaga River, district Algoma Base and meridian lines, district Thunder Bay Certain township outlines on Abitibi River, district of Cochrane Certain township outlines on Abitibi River, district of Cochrane Renewal portion boundary between Ontario and Quebec Traverse certain lakes and rivers, town- ships Methuen and Anglesea $922 70 4,157 85 2,296 55 4,216 00 1,884 83 1,230 44 3,432 89 5,844 70 3,071 97 3,687 20 2,067 23 2,238 00 4,027 21 4,939 71 2,659 77 2,122 39 2,474 57 548 90 1,581 35 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS ■57 Appendix No. ig — Concluded. Statements of Crown Surveys completed and closed during the twelve months ending October 31st, 1923. Date of Instructions Name df Surveyor Description of Survey Amount paid $3,959 05 805 91 1,583 81 377 43 343 00 745 77 2,269 97 257 75 March 7, 1921 June 5, 1922 July 25, 1922 Aug. 21, 1922 Sept. 1, 1922 June 30, 1922 Dec. 11, 1922 Nov. 17, 1922 April 18, 1922 April 15, 1923 April 15, 1923 April 27, 1923 April 30, 1923 June 19, 1923 J. W. Pierce. . M. M.Gibson T. G. Code. . . L. Mooney . . . K. G. Ross. K. G. Ross. K. G. Ross. C. E. Fitton . R. S. Kirkup. Speight & Van Nostrand . . . Phillips & Benner. C. E. Fitton C. E. Fitton L. D. N. Stewart. E. D. Bolton L. D. N. Stewart. Survey boundary between Ontario and Manitoba Certain survey work, Presquile Park, county of Northumberland Traverse Reuben Lake, etc., district Nipissing Survey timber berth line, township 9 Z, district of Sudbury Survey Island Lake, township Aweres. . Survey Pine Island in St. Mary's River. Survey of water power possibilities, English and Sturgeon Rivers, district of Kenora Survey part of Rama Island . Survey of islands in Wabigoon Lake, district of Kenora Township outlines in the vicinity of Mattagami River, district of Cochrane Survey certain meridian and base lines, district of Thunder Bay Inspection of surveys, 1923 . Survey Rama Island at Washaga and islands in Severn River Architectural iron and bronze posts. Services and expenses in connection with Severn River survey Survey of cottage sites at Bruce Beach, township Huron Services and expenses re extension of parks 184 50 9,722 93 9,355 92 4,431 00 561 00 500 00 152 50 803 35 173 17 Total. $94,055 30 L. V. RORKE, Director of Surveys. W. C. CAIN, ' Deputy Minister of Lands and Forests. 58 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 20 Survey of Township 9 Z, District of Sudbury Peterboro, Ont., December 7th, 1923. Sir, — I beg to report that, agreeable to your instructions dated August 30th, 1923, I have completed the survey of the line between the east and west halves of township 9 Z in the district of Sudbury and beg to submit herewith plan — timber plan, field notes and accounts, all of which I trust will be found satisfactory to your department. I commenced the survey at an iron post planted by myself earlier in the season to mark the three-mile point on the north boundary of the township 9 Z and from this point I ran due south astronomically six miles, three chains, and seventy-six links where I intersected the north boundary of the township 8 Z, surveyed by Ontario Land Surveyor James Dobie in 1913. As I had taken an observation on Polaris for azimuth on June 27th last at a point just eleven chains and sixty-three links east of my present starting point — particulars of which I have given in the accompanying field notes. I did not think it necessary to observe again at the exact starting point. The country south, for the first thirty-three chains and twenty-five links, is rocky and was burnt over in the year 1921 and there is now on the ground standing and fallen dead spruce — Banksian pine, white birch and poplar with small poplar springing up. At the above-named point we reach the green timber consisting of spruce from ten to twenty inches in diameter, white and yellow birch and Banksian pine up to sixteen inches in diameter, and a fair quantity of white pine running from ten to thirty inches in diameter, the above size and class of timber, with the exceptions of very small patches of swamp and brule, continues to the end of the line. The country is of a very rolling rocky character and is absolutely devoid of agricultural land, but to my idea contains much valuable white pine and other classes of timber. We had snow and a very hard frost on the 13th of September, the weather continuing cold and cloudy for the balance of the work, so that I was unable to get another observation. I am glad to report, however, that according to my own chainage on the north boundary of town- ship 9 Z, and that of Mr. Dobie's on the north boundary of the township 8 Z, I have succeeded in practically dividing the township into east and west halves. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, J. W. Fitzgerald, Ontario Land Surveyor. To the Honourable Minister of Lands and Forests, Toronto, Ontario. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 59 Appendix No. 21 Survey of Portion Mississaga River Little Current, Ont., February 21st, 1923. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you the following report on the survey of a portion of the Mississaga River which I have made in accordance with instructions from your department, dated April 26th, 1922. I left here on June 3rd, by motor boat, with a part of my party and on arrival at the mouth of the Mississaga River engaged more canoemen. Aubrey Falls, Mississaga River. Going up a heavy rapids on Mississaga River. I Started the work near mining location No. 3 in Gladstone township and on the completion of that section of it proceeded up the river to find the next starting point, the east limit of the township of Otter. Although we watched carefully for that line we missed finding it partly through underestimating our speed. When we finally located our position the camp had gone well up into Berth F, so I decided to complete the survey of that portion. on our return down the river. On the completion of the work through Bark Lake and up to the intersection of the north boundary of Berth T, the north boundary of the Mississaga Forest Reserve, we found that on account of the very low water it 60 REPORT OF THE No. 3 was unadvisable to return down the Mississaga and returned by the canoe route to Biscotasing and railway to Little Current where we arrived on the 2 6th of September. As directed, posts, numbered and properly marked, were planted well above flood water at intervals not exceeding about one mile and at every lot or township line which we found. The posts are all of cedar with the exception of a few tamarac ones where cedar was not convenient. Where there was soil a hole for the post was dug about two feet deep and where loose stones were to be found, a cairn or mound, usually four to five feet wide at the base, was built around the post. The cairns are noted in the field notes. On the heavy rapids or falls levels were taken to ascertain the fall. On all considerable falls of water check levels were also made. There is considerable white and ned pine and in places there appears to be an enormous quantity of it as indicated in the notes. The kind and size of timber and brule country was carefully noted throughout. On nearing Bark Lake a good deal of tamarac up to six inches in diameter was observed. Along the whole course of the river and lakes the soil is sand and sandy loam and gravel with occasional beds of cobble stone. In only one or two places was any clay subsoil noticed. There are no great tracts of farming land. Away from the river and occasionally along the river there are rocky hills and ranges of rocky hills from 50 feet to 200 or 300 feet high. Minisinokwa, Lower Green and Bark Lakes which we surveyed, are very attractive and contain many desirable islands. The hills around those lakes are mostly well timbered and slope beautifully down to the waters. There are also many fine sand beaches on those lakes. With the returns I am forwarding a number of films of photographs made of some interesting spots in the country traversed. I have the honour to be, Sir, ■ Your obedient servant, T. J. Patten, Ontario Land Surveyor. To His Honour, Minister Lands and Forests, Toronto. Appendix No. 22 Survey of Shore Line and Islands, Lake of the Woods, District of Kenora Fort Frances, Ont,, February 24th, 1923. Sir, — I have the honour of submitting this report on the traverse survey of the shore line and islands in the southern part of Lake of the Woods, made under instructions from the Department of Lands and Forests, dated May 18th, 1922. This survey being a continuation of that made in 1921, was conducted on the same system, the original surveys made by the Dominion Government forming the basis: the surveys on the ground and the plans thereof being pre- pared to correspond with ranges 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26, east of the principal meridian. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 61 The survey was commenced immediately after the receipt of instructions, the main shore traverse commencing at a post marked 12 M. planted at the end of the traverse made in 1921. This post is at the westerly extremity of the peninsula between Stoney Portage and Stevens Bay, which form part of Sabaskong Bay. The various islands were traversed in the usual manner: — polaris obser- vations being taken during the course of the work — observations at elongation were taken at all main observation stations, while time observations, based on the tables supplied by the department, were taken at various points on the traverse as the work progressed. In making the traverse of the main shore separate traverses were made of the different parts. Turtle Lake and Obabikon Lake being also kept separate. The fixed notes have been prepared for each of the divisions separately as follows : 1. Stevens Bay — From the 12 M. post at the end of the 1921 traverse to a point nearly due north therefrom. 2. Sabaskong and Button Bays — From the end of the traverse No. 1 to an iron post marking the west extremity of the south boundary of L R. 35 B, omitting Turtle Lake. 3. Turtle Lake. 4. Obabikon Lake South — Commencing at the end of traverse No. 2 ending at the end of traverse No. 5. 5. Obabikon Lake North — Commencing at an iron post marking the south fwest angle L R. 35 B, thence to the end of traverse No. 4. 6. Miles Bay — From the same point of commencement as No. 5 to the 'end of the season's work. Mile posts were planted continuously from 0. miles at the aforesaid 12 M. post on traverses 1, 2 and 5, except when the traverse crossed Indian reserves ^on which the posts were omitted — traverse 3, 4 and 5 were posted separately. Continuous traverses were run through the islands, connecting with the main shore traverse and with various points on the traverse made in the previous season. The whole system finally closing on a post planted in 1921 at station 68 on the traverse of Dawson Island — G. 1793. During the progress of the survey the courses and distances of the traverses Iwere worked out by latitude, and departure in the same manner as in 1921, while the island traverses were plotted, and any errors detected were rectified by re-reading angle and distances until the traverse closed satisfactorily. Plans and field notes have been prepared in the same manner as those of last season; island description and acreage being shown on each plan. In some general descriptions of the islands given in 1921 holds good for this season's work. There are many very fine islands for summer resort purposes, on nearly all of which there is valuable white, red or Jack pine timber. There was no delay in the season's work from heavy wind. The survey was held up for a day or two in October on account of very dense smoke from forest fires, principally in Minnesota. The plans being prepared in accordance with the original ranges, should be joined to those of last season with np difficulty. I have the honour to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, D. J. GiLLON, Honourable Minister of Lands and Forests, Ontario Land Surveyor. Toronto, Ontario. 62 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 23 Survey of Lakes and Rivers, District of Timiskaming Cobalt, February 28th, 1923. Sir, — In obedience to your instructions, dated July 25th, 1922, to traverse certain lakes in the district of Timiskaming, I have the honour to report as follows : Routine of Work The work was commenced with the survey of Reuben Lake on August 7th. Completing this survey we moved camp on August 14th to Redwater Lakes. Surveyed Rankin Lake, Upper and Lower Redwater Lakes and moved to Boyce Lake on August 23rd. On September 3rd, we moved to Wicksteed Lake and carried on with the survey of this lake to the south boundary of the township of Kenny, completing the survey and moving to Cobalt on September 23rd. The following is the mileage of traverse : Reuben Lake 13 miles. Rankin Lake 43^ " Upper and Lower Redwater Lakes 103^ " Royce Lake 16^ " Wicksteed Lake 58^ " Total 102^ " Method of Survey The method of survey was the same as in previous years, i.e., transit and stadia. Particular attention was taken in the blazing and marking of trees on islands and at about one mile intervals along the shore. In cases where township lines crossed the lakes they were properly posted at one chain in perpendicular width from the shore. Bearing trees were marked and both posts and bearing trees are shown in the plans and field notes. Description of Lakes Reuben, Rankin, Upper and Lower Redwater and Boyce Lakes are all very similar as to shore line. The shore line being fairly high and mostly rocky. The timber dififers somewhat. This is shown on the plans. Wicksteed Lake, this being farther south than the lakes previously mentioned, the overburden along the shores is heavier and in many places is a good clay loam — most suitable for farming. The country around the lake has been timbered over for years. There is a very extensive brule to the east of the north part of the lake, apparently running a little to the east of south. I walked over six miles through this and it continued farther. The plan shows the timber close to the shore at different parts of the lake. Owing to the lake level being raised, we had considerable difficulty at some places in making the survey. This was more or less overcome by having the rodman take compass shots through the flooded timber from the several points on which he gave me readings, estimating as nearly as possible the distance 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 63 to the shore. These are shown in the field notes, but are not shown on the plans, as they are not measured distances. The points at which stadia shots were taken are marked with blue chalk on the trees and if it is required actual measurements may be taken any time in the winter. Accompanying this report are : Plans— Reuben Lake, Rankin Lake, Upper and Lower Redwater Lakes, Royce Lake, Wicksteed Lake. Diary. Field Notes — one book containing all notes. Time book. The above is respectfully submitted. I have the honour to be. Sir, Yours obedient servant, Cobalt, Ontario, February 28th, 1923. T, G. Code, Ontario Land Surveyor. Appendix No. 24 Traverse Part of English River, District of Patricia Thessalon, Ont., April 24th, 1923. Sir, — In accordance with your instructions, date April 18th, 1922, I spent the summer of 1922 in making a traverse of part of the English River and lake expansions of the same, and beg to submit the following report. The survey was commenced at the outlet of Lac Seul and continued down stream as far as Indian Lake where operations were discontinued for the season. A earful traverse of the main river and all lake expansions, including Mattawa River, Shallow Lake and Little Shallow Lake was made. In addition to which the survey of Trout Lake River, Cedar River, Long Legged River and Wabigoon River as far as the first falls on each of these streams. The survey was made by the usual method of transit and stadia, controlled on some of the larger lakes by triangulations expanded from carefully chained bases. Astronomic observations were taken very frequently and bearings were checked by long control sights wherever circumstances would permit. At frequent intervals along the shore, averaging about a mile apart, sub- stantial wooden posts were planted in cairns of stones. Each of these posts with very few exceptions was planted at a transit station. The posts were numbered consecutively from one upwards, each post being marked with the letter P, followed by the number of the post, thus "P. No " All posts were marked with a proper scribing iron. All islands within the limits of the survey were carefully traversed and tied to transit stations on the main shofe. The islands were numbered con- secutively from one upwards. Most of the islands were marked by a post set in a substantial mound of stones, the post being marked with the letter "I" followed by the number of the island, thus "I. No. ..." In some cases an island was marked by a prominent tree blazed conspicuously and marked 64 REPORT OF THE No. 3 in a manner similar to the posts. In cases where there were no trees and where it appeared Hkely that a post would be moved by ice, no distinguishing mark was left, but all such islands can be easily identified by reference to the plan of the survey. At each of the rapids and falls where there is any possibility of future hydro-electric developments, a site was laid out to provide for such develop- ment. These sites are all large enough to control the various water powers and provide ample room for the construction of such dams, flumes, and other structures as may be necessary. The lines around these sites were not cut out on the ground, but are indicated on the plans and the proper position of these lines is marked on the ground by substantial posts in mounds of stone, erected on each of the projected lines a sufficient distance back from the shore to ensure their permanency. These posts are marked with the letters W.P.R. to indicate water power reserve. No levels were run at any of these falls as all information regarding the heights of the different falls, flow of water, etc., had already been obtained by the Ontario Hydro Power Commission and by the Dominion Water Power Branch of the Department of Interior, In addition to this a line of precise levels has been run during the past few months down this portion of the English River by the Geodetic Survey Branch of the Department of the Interior, Ottawa. A copy of the field plan of my survey showing the location of all monuments planted during the season was sent to the Geodetic Survey Branch last fall, in order that the standard bench marks established by their parties could be tied to the monuments planted by myself wherever possible. The English River forms the boundary between the districts of Kenora and Patricia. It is a large stream as is shown by the fact that the discharge as determined by the Ontario Hydro-Electric Power Commission's engineers at Oak Falls, on October 19th, 1915, was found to be 9,358 cubic feet per second. There are several sites suitable for water power development on a large scale, and the large stream flow coupled with the splendid facilities for storage, render the power possibilities of this river of great importance. The Dominion Water Power Branch of the Department of the Interior has collected very complete data regarding the power possibilities of the English River and the reports are available for those who are interested. The English River flows from Lac Seul in a general westerly and south- westerly direction. The first falls occur a couple of miles down stream from Lac Seul, where Upper and Lower Ear Falls, which are only about a quarter of a mile apart, drop twelve feet and nineteen feet respectively, giving a com- bined drop of approximately thirty-one feet. From Ear Falls the river continues with gentle current for a distance of about fourteen miles to Camping Lake. This lake is over two miles across and a short distance below the lake the river breaks through a narrow gorge less than a chain across at Manitou Chute, where there is a drop of three and a half feet. A quarter of a mile down stream is situated Manitou Falls, where there is a total drop of twenty-eight and a half feet in a quarter of a mile. The combined head at Manitou Falls including Manitou Chute would be about thirty-two feet, which with the large stream flow of the English River would make a power of great importance. There is a very good site for the construction of a dam at the foot of Manitou Falls. Between Manitou Chute and Manitou Falls, Cedar River enters from the southeast. This river was traversed for about two miles up to the first falls. The portion of Cedar River traversed is fairly wide and flows with a sluggish current through a clay country and is bordered for the most part with 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 65 grass and willow flats with hills behind timbered with large poplar, spruce, jack pine, balsam, etc. From Lac Seul to Camping Lake the English River flows through a clay country. The immediate shore in many cases is low, particularly around the many small tributaries which flow into it, but generally speaking rises con- siderably a short distance back. There are some rock exposures but not many, and they are mostly covered with a heavy mantle of clay. The most prominent rock exposures are at Upper and Lower Ear Falls. The prevailing timber along this stretch of river is large poplar with much spruce and balsam through- out. For a couple of miles above Camping Lake the banks are flat and covered with grass and willows for some distance back. About two miles above Camping Lake a large stream called the Mattawa River enters from the northwest. At the junction of the English and Mattawa Rivers, the Hudson's Bay Company formerly had a trading post which has been abandoned for some years and the buildings have entirely disappeared. The Mattawa River flows from Shallow Lake which is situated about four miles up stream from the junction. The Mattawa River widens out in places into small lake expansions and the banks generally speaking are of clay, the general characteristics as regards both land and timber being similar to the portion of the English River above described. Shallow Lake is about ten miles long and four wide with a long narrow bay reaching off to the west from the southwest corner of the lake for about four miles. The main axis of the lake is almost due north and south. The shores on the west side are for most part high and rocky, and in many places well timbered with spruce, jack pine, poplar, balsam, birch, etc. There is, however, quite an extensive area of burnt country on the west side about two to four miles north of the outlet. The east side is much lower and flatter than the west side and there are more shallow and muddy bays with gently sloping clay shores. Generally speaking this side of the lake is well timbered with poplar, spruce, balsam, etc. At the north end of Shallow Lake, Red Lake River enters. This river drains a fairly extensive system of lakes of which Red Lake is the largest. The Hudson's Bay Company have an outpost on Red Lake and it is in that vicinity that silver was reported to have been discovered recently, and where considerable prospecting is now being done. The survey was carried up Red Lake River as far as the first falls, which occurs only a short distance from the mouth of the river, where a spruce post marked "P. No. 40" was planted in a mound of stones on the west side of the river. The river here drops eight feet over a ledge of rock, but it is reported that in years of exceptionally high water this fall is flooded out. At the northeast corner of Shallow Lake, there is a shallow bay full of weeds into which empties a wide, sluggish stream which flows from Little Shallow Lake about four miles distant. This stream flows in a long, sweeping bends through a clay country and the shores are low with grass and willow flats extending back to timber which consists mostly of poplar with spruce scattered throughout. This river leaves the northwest corner of Little Shallow Lake which is over six miles long and nearly four miles wide at the widest place. The west side of Little Shallow Lake lies roughly parallel to the east side of Shallow Lake and much of the country between the two lakes does not appear to rise to a great elevation. On the west side of Little Shallow Lake there is a series of iron-bearing 3 L.F. 66 REPORT OF THE No. 3 rocks showing exposures of magnetite banded with siHca, and at one or two points some diamond drilHng has been done. One of these drill holes was tied to transit station No. 739, which is about four miles south along the west shore from the outk;t of the lake. Drill cores were also seen on the west shore near transit station No. 748. The north, east and south shores of Little Shallow Lake are generally low and flat and in many cases no distinct shore line exists, and a foot or two difference in elevation of the water of the lake would submerge considerable areas that were comparatively dry at the time the survey was made. About three-quarters of a mile east of the outlet of Little Shallow Lake a river about two chains wide at its mouth enters a shallow marshy bay. This river was traversed for a distance of over seven miles and a half where it divided into two branches. At this point the river is about half a chain wide and flows with a gentle current through clay banks about ten to twelve feet high. The country along the lower stretches of this river is very low with areas of grass and willows studded with clumps of poplar. In one or two places, however, high rock ridges are visible not far back. The banks of this river gradually get higher as one goes up stream. There are some areas of poplar and spruce of good size to be seen along the stream, but a considerable area has been burnt. Trout Lake River enters Little Shallow Lake in a marshy bay on the east side. The shore line here is so indefinite and the bay so full of weeds and rushes that it is difficult to distinguish the mouth of the river until one is right into it. This is a much larger stream than the one just described, but the general char- acteristics of the banks as regards elevation, soil, and timber are about the same. The survey was carried up Trout Lake River, a distance of a little over ten miles to the first portage, where a substantial post marked "P. No. 50" was planted in a stone mound on the north side of the river. The territory described so far in this report appears to be largely a clay country, and there is a considerable area of good agricultural land on both sides of the English River and Mattawa River and east of Shallow Lake and adjacent to Little Shallow Lake and the streams tributary to it. It is difficult to say how extensive this clay area is, but it is undoubtedly large enough to warrant further exploration. A most important feature affecting a large portion of this whole area, however, is the fact that at times the English River and tributary waters are subject to very serious flooding. This appears to be caused by the fact that at Manitou Chute the English River is less than a chain wide and the gorge through which the river rushes is of such a character that the water is held back and rises many feet during the freshet season. On Shallow Lake and Little Shallow Lake the extreme high water mark as shown on the rocks along the shore is over twelve feet above the level of the lakes at the time this survey was made. Such a flood occurs only occasionally but when it does occur, owing to the low nature of much of the country, large areas are completely submerged. Had such a freshet or one anywhere near like it occurred during the season of 1922, it would have been impossible to have carried on this survey until it subsided. In view of these facts any proposal for water power development which would necessitate the raising of the waters of Shallow and Little Shallow Lakes, such as a concentration of all the available fall on the English River between Lac Seul and Manitou Falls at Manitou Falls, would require careful examination in order to estimate the amount of damage that would be done by flooding. From Manitou Falls the English River runs west for about three miles 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 67 to Lower Manitou Falls, where there is a drop of about 15 feet. In this stretch of river there is a drop of about a foot, as there are a couple of places where the current is very strong. The banks are mostly high and rocky, covered with a growth of poplar, spruce, jack pine, birch, etc., much of it of good quality. The north bank is lower than the south and there is one low area through which a small creek runs that extends back for a considerable distance. Below Manitou Falls a short distance the river enters Barnston Lake and from here as far as Indian Lake where the survey was discontinued for the season, the general characteristics of the river and country adjacent are much the same. The English River here consists of a series of short river stretches connecting lake expansions, some of which are quite large. From the west end of Sandbar Lake, which is connected to Barnston Lake by a short river stretch on which there is a small rapid known as Barnston Rapids where there is a drop of a foot and a half, the general course of the river is south to southwest. The prevailing rock formation is Laurentian, the strike of which is east and west. The lakes occupy troughs in the granite and gneiss, the general direction of which follows the strike of the formation, the result being that the lakes generally speaking lie east and west and the river stretches connecting one lake with another cross the formation and run south and southwest. One result of this has been that the general travelled route along the river crosses the lakes instead of running lengthwise of them, and the lakes are much longer than would appear from observation along the travelled route. Oak Lake for instance is shown on the published maps of this section as being about seven or eight miles long, whereas its length is really nineteen miles. Long Legged River flows into the north side of Wilcox Lake about a mile west of the English River. This river drains a system of lakes lying to the northwest. The survey was carried up this river a distance of nearly seven miles to the first falls where a post marked "P. No. 108" was planted in a sub- stantial stone mound just west of the bottom of the falls. This river is two chains wide at the mouth with easy bends and sluggish current through a flat clay valley with higher ground some distance back. The banks near Wilcox Lake are low and flat with grass and willows for some distance back from the river. As one goes up stream the banks rise slightly and the quality of the timber improves, poplar, spruce and jack pine predominating. A short distance below Wilcox Lake there occurs a series of three falls known as Oak Falls. The upper two of these are close together, and the lower one is about three-quarters of a mile down stream. Lower Oak Falls drops immediately into Oak Lake. The total fall in these three pitches combined is twenty-two and a half feet. Between Oak Lake and Maynard Lake there is a river stretch with a fall of about a foot. At the outlet of Maynard Lake there is a short, heavy rapids where the river takes a drop of nine feet into Tide Lake. The banks here are rocky and rise rapidly a short distance back from the river on either side so that it should be possible to concentrate all the fall from Manitou Falls to Maynard Falls at this point. This would give an available head of about fifty feet which would provide a power concentration at this point of considerable magnitude. The question of the amount and value of the land that would be flooded, however, would have to be carefully looked into, although the character of the country is such that I venture the opinion that the damage from flooding would not be nearly so great as would occur in the case of the power concentration previously mentioned as a possibility at Manitou Falls. Below Maynard Falls the river flows through Tide Lake and Ball Lake and empties into Indian Lake where the survey was discontinued for the season. 68 REPORT OF THE No. 3 There are no rapids in this section of the river and only a couple of places where there is even a strong current. Wabigoon River enters the southeast bay of Ball Lake, and the survey was carried up this river as far as the first falls which occurs a couple of miles up stream. A post marked "P. No. 192" was planted in a mound of stones on the north side of Wabigoon River to mark the end of the survey in this direction. The general characteristics of the shores of the river and lake expansions from Manitou Falls to Indian Lake are very much the same. The shores are generally rocky and either high at the bank or rising a short distance back from the river. In the upper stretches of this section occasional small areas of clay similar to that seen farther up stream are seen, but as one goes down stream these clay areas become less frequent. There are, however, many places where the banks are quite low, these places occurring mostly where the small streams enter the main river or its lake expansions and at the ends of the many deep bays which often terminate in fairly extensive marshes. Some of these areas are quite large and in case of power developments involving the raising of the water levels, contouring would be necessary. Such areas are roughly sketched on the plans which accompany this report, but no attempt was made to determine the exact extent of these areas. The rock ridges on the whole are more prominent as one goes down stream. The roughest country seen during the season is in the neighbourhood of Ball Lake. Much of the Ball Lake country has been burnt over not many years ago, and the fact that the rocks are more exposed than where the country is covered with a heavy growth of timber, makes the hills stand out all the more prominently. The prevailing timber is poplar, spruce, jack pine, birch and balsam, the relative abundance of each being in the order named as far as could be judged without detailed examination. The greater portion of the country as seen from the water has escaped the ravages of recent fires and there are some large areas where the timber is of fair size and good quality. The largest area burnt over in recent years occurs to the west of Tide and Ball Lakes. There are a few scattered groves of red pine and occasionally a few white pine but they are not frequent and considering the country as a whole are not of great importance except for local building. At Oak Fall and on the portage at Maynard Falls a few stunted oak trees were seen, and near transit station No. 1595 on the large bay running east from Maynard Lake, a few wild plum trees were found bearing fruit of excellent quality. This country should be much more popular with tourists than it appears to be. Hardly any travellers were met with during the summer and most of these were on business of some sort. There is no sign of occupation except a few trappers and Indians' cabins at intervals along the river. And yet there is here a country of great natural beauty, easy of access and where the con- ditions for canoe travelling cannot be excelled. Long water stretches with portages both few and short, good camping sites, and moose, deer and small game in great abundance. The fishing is excellent and above all there is the primeval forest dotted with lovely lakes in all their glorious beauty. The English River forms part of one of the oldest routes into northwestern Ontario and has been used by some of our earliest explorers. On the north shore of Tide Lake, about half a mile northwest of Maynard Falls, members of the party discovered two old stone fireplaces marking the site of what had once been a fairly large building. One of these fireplaces is intact but the 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 69 other was broken into two parts by the roots of a tree over a foot in diameter which had grown up inside the site of the old building. The timber which has grown up since the building was destroyed is over one hundred years old. Some hardy pioneer of a forgotten generation had made this his headquarters and passed on leaving no record but the mute story of the ruined hearth. What a story those stones could tell! Incidentally the fine trees that have grown up on this old site are a living proof of how nature could solve the problem of reforesting our waste lands, provided we could eliminate the fires which are such a terrible menace to the timber resources of our country. During the season Dr. E. L. Bruce of Queen's University made a geological survey of the area covered in this report, as well as the territory drained by the Red Lake River, and his report will be made to the Department of Mines so that it will not be necessary for me to touch on the geological features of the country. I might say that Dr. Bruce and his assistants made many trips inland from points on my survey and obtained much more information as to the country back from the Avater than I was able to do, as my time was entirely taken up with the survey operations. During the season a little over 645 miles of actual shore line were traversed, including 232 islands. The plans of the survey consisting of a series of tracings showing all measurements taken in connection with the above, as well as notes as to the character of the country, timber, areas of possible flooding, etc., have all been forwarded to your department. With this report are included a schedule of the islands, showing the numbers, nearest transit station, area and a short description of each island, together with my accounts in triplicate. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, James S. Dobie, Ontario Land Surveyor. The Honourable the Minister of Lands and Forests, Toronto. Appendix No. 25 Traverse of Wabigoon Lake and Other Waters, District of Kenora. Port Arthur, Ont., July 29th, 1923. Sir, — I have the honour to report that in accordance with your instructions, dated April 18th, 1922, I have made a traverse survey of Wabigoon Lake and- other waters in the District of Kenora, and beg to submit the following report: I commenced the survey at the iron post, marking the north boundary of Indian Reserve No. 27 at the point where it intersects Little Wabigoon Lake. The whole of Little Wabigoon Lake (lying south of the south boundary of Southworth township). Rock, Turtle and Moose Lakes, Grassy Bay and River, Minnehaha and Peak Lakes, were then traversed. 70 REPORT OF THE No. 3 The country surrounding these lakes is generally rolling and rocky. It has suffered extensively from fire, no doubt due to mining operations there in the early days, and the timber now is practically all second growth of various sizes. The shores of these lakes, with the possible exception of Minnehaha Lake, are, in my opinion, unsuitable for summer resort subdivision — where the shores are not all rock — that is, when they are composed of high clay banks, extending back, erosion has usually occurred, and in the lower shores, the land had been flooded back for a considerable distance, leaving dead standing timber, old logs, long grass, reeds, etc., in the water, so as to be almost impassable in a canoe, or by any other means. The details of this, however, are shown on the plan. On the 7th day of June, I tied the traverse into the south boundary of Southworth township, east side of Little Wabigoon Lake, and proceeded the next day to big Wabigoon Lake. Here we continued the traverse, starting from the north boundary of Indian Reserve 27, previously mentioned, and continuing along the south shore until we tied into the south boundary of Van Home township. I, then, according to instructions of date 27th June, 1922, carried my traverse along the north shore of Big Wabigoon Lake, across the townships of Van Home and Zealand, in order that the situation of the eroded clay banks should be properly designated. On the 26th of June, I was instructed to continue my traverse covering Mile, Trap, Dor6, Ingall and Ukik Lakes, all south of Contact Bay. I started out on this part of the trip on the first day of August. Mile and Trap Lakes are very small with high rocky shores. Here quite a few red and white pine were noticeable but were too scattered to be of any economic value. Dore and Ingall Lakes are long and narrow with high, rocky shores. The surrounding country is very rough and rocky. In consequence, there are no areas fit for agriculture. Ukik Lake is broken up into long, narrow, rock bays, which usually end up in low, marshy places. There is a portage about a mile long from Trap Lake to Dore Lake ending up in a marsh or bay about a quarter of a mile long. This portage is very rarely used, except possibly as a winter trail. There is a portage of about ten (10) chains on the outlet of Dore Lake, and three short portages on the outlet of Ukik Lake. At the first is a falls nine (9) feet and the last three are falls having natural heads of eighteen (18), twelve (12), and twenty-four (24) feet respectively. There is a good site for a dam at the first falls but as the drainage area is so small, the resultant horsepower would be negligible. On completion of this traverse work, I returned to Big Wabigoon Lake and subdivided Islands R.K. 185 and R.K. 196, and plans of same accompany this report, as instructed. There are several other islands which were large enough for subdivision but I considered that the nature of the shorelands •was unsuitable for summer resort purposes, more especially on account of the erosion which has taken place, the sheer banks and the pollution of the water. There are one or two places on the north shore of Wabigoon Lake in the town- ships of Van Home and Zealand which would make good summer resorts, but they are small and scattered. All angles were measured with the transit and the distances obtained by stadia. The main stations were plotted day by day on cross section paper 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 71 on a scale of twenty (20) chains to the inch and by this means any error in the traverse was at once located and corrected. Frequent observations for meridian were taken and copies of them accompany this report. At intervals of about a mile apart on the shore, prominent trees were blazed on the side next to the lake and marked thus, "1, 2, 3," etc. In like manner trees on islands were marked by the letters "R.K." followed by the number of the island. These points were tied into the nearest transit station and the bearing and distance recorded in the field notes. Posts were planted well above the high water mark, at points where we tied into known lines. The details as to shore lands, trees marked, measurements and all posts planted are shown on plans accompanying this report. All these lakes are well supplied with fish — pike and pickerel being most plentiful. Moose and Red Deer were also very plentiful. Beaver and muskrat were noticed at one or two points, but seem rather scarce. Accompanying this report are three plans covering the whole traverse on a scale of twenty (20) chains to an inch; plans of subdivision of islands R.K. 185 and R.K. 196 on a scale of ten (10) chains to an inch; a table giving a short description of each island and its acreage; the field notes of the traverse and my accounts in triplicate; the accounts of the day work and the diary, I am sending under separate cover, all of which I trust that you will find correct. I have the honour to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, Roy S. Kirkup, Ontario Land Surveyor, To the Honourable the Minister of Lands and Forests, Toronto, Ontario. Appendix No. 26 Meridian and Base Line, District of Thunder Bay Port Arthur, Ont., October 31st, 1923. Sir, — In accordance with your instructions, dated April 15th, 1923, we have surveyed a merdian and a base line in the District ol Thunder Bay and have traversed a portion of the Albany River and beg to submit the following report : The meridian was a continuation of that surveyed by K. G. Ross, O.L.S., in 1921, and the survey of it was commenced at the centre line of the right of way of the Canadian National Railway about one mile east of Allanwater Station. The mileage of this point was 60 miles plus 32.683 chains and the mileage of the northern terminus of the line, that is where it intersects the south shore of the Albany River, is now 121 miles plus 63.45 chains. A traverse of the Albany River was made from the northerly end of the meridian to connect the same with the easterly limit of that Indian Reserve on the south shore of Lake. St. Joseph which was surveyed by J. S. Dobie, O.L.S., in 1912. From the 84th mile post in the meridian the base line was run west, in six mile chords of the parallel of latitude, to intersect the boundary line between the districts of Kenora and Thunder Bay. The length of this line was 35 miles plus 10.09 chains. 72 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Iron posts were planted at the points indicated in your instructions and it was found necessary to erect nine witness monuments. One short iron post was planted and another should have been placed at the intersection of our base line with the district boundary, but our cement had become dampened and useless. Observations were taken frequently and these will be found recorded in the field notes on the proper pages. Owing to smoke and cloudy weather we were not able to get an observation at the point of commencement until four days after we were in the field and about four miles of line had been completed. Topography The land along the meridian slopes gradually to the north and few hills about fifty feet in height were found along it. In various places the rivers divide into two or three channels to reunite several miles farther down. The Flint River was the most erratic in this peculiarity. The section for many miles south of Lake St. Joseph and the Albany River is filled with a network of lakes and rivers so that it is possible to travel in almost any direction by water- ways. Pine Lake was the largest lake seen which was not previously shown on any maps we have seen. The width of this lake east and west may be fifteen miles. As the base line crosses the general run of the waterways it was found to be considerably rougher than the meridian. Lake Savant is the most im- portant topographical feature along this line. The shore line of the lake is nearly all of a rocky nature and a considerable amount of the timber along the shores has been destroyed by forest fires but the islands, which are very numerous, are mostly green and some afford excellent camping places. One of the survey trial lines of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway follows closely along the course of the base line but this appears to have been run merely as an exploration line. Soil The agricultural possibilities are negligible. Along the Canadian National Railway and for thirty or more miles north of it the whole surface is covered with rounded boulders some being twenty feet in height. Towards the northerly end of the meridian areas of sandy soil of considerable extent occur but none seems to furnish any promise as farm lands. Rock Formation The Department of Mines attached Mr. J. P. Johnson as geologist to our party and his report will cover in detail the various formations. The only favourable locations for prospecting noted were on the north end of Lake Savant where areas of quartz bearing schists may disclose gold and just south of the 120th mile post on the meridian where a considerable outcrop of magnetic ore was noticed. Timber A timber plan accompanies this report. This will show the areas of green timber and of burned. We would say that fifty per cent, of the territory covered this season is still green and of sufficient size for cutting now. Along the meri- dian from the point of commencement as far north as the 90th mile there is as good an average stand of spruce and jack pine, of suitable size for pulp, as we have seen at any place in this district. This area also extends west along the base line to about the 13th mile. I I 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 73 North of the 90th mile on the meridian and more particularly as the Albany river is approached, forest fires seem to be of an ever-recurring nature and as the country is very seldom traversed during the summer months by any person save the Indians from the reserves on Lake St. Joseph, it would seem that they are responsible. The waterways are not patrolled by forest rangers north of Lake Savant. One very serious fire was started some distance south of our base line and this burned for nearly two weeks during the latter part of June. It covered an area roughly estimated at forty miles in length and ten miles in width and destroyed a great amount of good timber. On the first twenty-four miles of our meridian only a few balsam trees were noticed and there was nowhere any great number of this species. Cedar was also very scarce. Spruce and jack pine in about equal amounts would pre- dominate for miles at a stretch. It is doubtful if the northern jack pine is as good timber as that farther south as the larger trees seem to have developed a great deal of rot. We had expected to see large areas of open swamp and muskeg as we pro- ceeded north but nearly all the swamps and lowlands were well timbered. Routes, etc. Our first and second camps were on the Allanwater River. We then moved along the line to the portage going into Flint Lake just north of the 69th mile post. The Allanwater route was found to be properly mapped. We used Flint Lake and Flint River, with its various expansions, to the 80th mile. From here our supply men went east by way of the north branch of the Flint River and returned to the line at the lake in the 83rd and 84th mile. This route w^as rather a difficult one as it was found that between the first and second lakes east of the line there was a drop of more than one hundred feet, the river flowing rapidly between straight rocky banks. Better time would have been made by following the line. From the 84th to 100th mile there was no route found to parallel the line that was of any benefit to us. Explora- tions were made on each side of the line but any lakes found were too far distant to be of any benefit. There is a well used route coming into the lake in the 96th mile. Most of the travel over it seems to be from the east and most likely connects with the lake in the 104th mile. This lake is used as a camping ground for many families of Indians during the rice season. Supplies for the northerly end of the meridian and for the base line were brought in from Bucke Station over the route shown on your maps going into the south end of Lake Savant. This route continues north to Lake St. Joseph and is used by the Hudson's Bay Company as its all year mail route and for light freight during the winter months. In all there is less than four miles of portage from the railway to Osnaburgh Post on Lake St. Joseph. This route is shown approximately on our plan. Eagle Lake and Pine Lake (local names) are possibly much larger bodies of water than we have shown them to be. There is a direct river route from Eagle Lake to the meridian. This crosses in the lake in the 100th mile. This was not used as it was found to be full of stones. It is used for light travel about as much as the lake route to the west of it. Our supplies were taken over the lake route to the 104th mile. From here to the end of the meridian the supply men remained with the party and we made all moves by canoe. On the base line the route mapped by the Grand Trunk Pacific survey was used for transport and camping and was found correct. It will be noticed that Long Lake does not extend nearly as far north as shown on your maps. 74 REPORT OF THE No. 3 On our return to the track we proceeded south from the end of the base line via Long, Cliff, Island, Lewis and Tawatinaw Lakes. From Lewis Lake to Tawatinaw Lake there are two routes but the one following the river is the easier. Water Powers Some of the falls and rapids on the Allanwater River will make good power developments. There are numerous falls and rapids on the other rivers but the flow is small in most of these. General Big game was comparatively scarce throughout the entire country and very little evidence of new beaver workings was seen, but this may be accounted for by the fact that we were travelling over well used routes most of the time. Pickerel and pike are numerous in all the lakes, especially the former. Lake trout were found in Lake Savant. Speckled trout are said to be plentiful in some of the streams but none were caught. Many of the northern lakes are filled with wild rice. This is gathered in large quantities by the local Indians. We were unfortunate in having our entire camp outfit destroyed by fire on May 24th. The fire was evidently started through the carelessness of one of the members of our advance party. No damage was done to the surrounding forest save burning over about five acres of brush. Accompanying this report you will find the usual notes, plans and accounts. We have the honour to be. Sir, Your obedient servants, Phillips & Benner, Ontario Land Surveyors. The Honourable the Minister of Lands and Forests, Toronto. Appendix No. 27 Survey of Base and Meridian Lines, District of Thunder Bay Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., November 14th, 1923. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on certain base and meridian lines in the District of Thunder Bay, surveyed during the summer of 1923 under instructions from your department, dated April 15th, 1923. I left Sault Ste. Marie for Bucke, Ontario, via A. C. & H. B. Ry. and N. T. Ry. on Monday, July 2nd, with a party of six. We stayed over night at Franz and were joined by four Indians from Chapleau. When we arrived at Bucke at ten o'clock on Wednesday morning I found my assistant, R. P. G. Laurence already there with Indians from Lac Seul, together with Mr. T. L. Gledhill,. the geologist who was to accompany the party. Our provisions and canoes had already been transported to Sturgeon Lake by wagon under the kind super- vision of Mr. Halvorsen, the Hudson's Bay Company manager, so that we were 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 75 able to camp on the lake that evening. On Thursday, July 5th, we moved down Sturgeon Lake and after cacheing the bulk of our supplies at the outlet, made two portages down the Sturgeon River and camped at a point from which we could run the first six miles of our line. We commenced cutting line on July 6th, finished on August the 28th, and arrived back in Sault Ste. Marie on September 3rd. Our place of beginning was the 120th mile post on O.L.S. Niven's boundary between the Districts of Thunder Bay and Rainy River. We then ran east astronomically on six mile cords, a distance of approximately 78 miles to the westerly boundary of the Nipigon Forest Reserve. Our posts were numbered from 1 to 35 m. 33 c. 78 1., 1 to 24 m. and 1 to 17 m. 45 c. 75 1. respectively. From our 24 mile post which is 59 m. 33 c. 78 1. east of Niven's line, we ran north astronomically to the C. G. Ry., a distance of approximately 13 miles, 63 chains, 23 links and south astronomically a distance of 12 miles. This completed our work. These latter two lines were run north and south when we arrived at their starting point on our base line. Seventeen per cent, of the territory traversed by our line was water. The party consisted of twenty- two in all, made up as follows: 1 Surveyor. 1 Assistant. 2 Chainmen, 1 Cook. 1 Cookee. 5 Axemen. 6 Packers on line. 4 Packers with the freighting canoes. 1 Geologist attached to party. This distribution was maintained throughout the whole course of the survey. Soil There are no areas in the country traversed suitable for agriculture. The covering is uniformly gravel, sand and boulders. Geology Inasmuch as a geologist was attached to the party, I did not pay particular attention to rock out-croppings. We did not encounter any valuable minerals. Timber With the exception of the country west of Sturgeon Lake, through which the first nine miles of our line passes, the entire area traversed was poorly timbered. Fires have run through it all at various times and only a pocket here and there has escaped. In some cases second growth timber has attained a diameter of eight inches, but the majority of it is still very small. The growth throughout is a mixed bush of spruce, balsam, poplar, banksian pine, and white birch. Water Powers There are no water powers worthy of note. 76 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Game Moose and red deer are very plentiful. Fur-bearing animals are scarce on account of the proximity of the railway. There are great numbers of part- ridges and rabbits. Fish Pickerel, pike, whitefish, perch and suckers are found in abundance in all the lakes and rivers. This is my report. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, K. G. Ross, Ontario Land Surveyor. To the Honourable the Minister of Lands and Forests, Parliament Buildings, Toronto. Appendix No. 28 Certain Township Outlines, District of Cochrane Toronto, October 31st, 1923. Sir, — We have the honour to submit the following report on the survey of certain township outlines in the District of Cochrane, performed under in- structions from your department, dated 15th April, 1923. Canoes and other equipment had been left the previous summer at Smooth Rock Falls, on the Mattagami River, so in June the party for the season's work was assembled at this point, preparatory to descending the river. The party left on 15th June, and travelled down the river as far as O.L.S. Sutcliffe and Neelands' first base line of 1921. This line crosses the Mattagami River about a mile and a half below the mouth of the Kapuskasing River. From the crossing, the party packed the supplies and equipment six miles east over the base line to the northeast angle of the township of Clay, established by us the previous summer. Wet weather delayed the party on the trip, and it was 25th June before the line work was begun. We commenced our line at our old post marking the northeast angle of the township of Clay, and from that point ran north nine miles between the townships of Sheldon and Howells. The north boundaries of the townships of Sheldon and Howells were run, respectively, east and west from the nine mile post. The former line was carried to Sutcliflfe and Neelands' meridian run in 1921, and the latter is a meridian run by ourselves in 1911. We continued westward past this meridian between the townships of Harmon and Mowbray for about three miles and the end of the line was left there for the time being. The party then returned to the northeast angle of Howells, and extended our meridian north between the townships of Cockshutt and Traill to a base line run by Messrs. Sutcliffe and Neelands in 1921. The meridian was then con- tinued north between the townships of Emerson and Hamlet. The post planted in 1911 to mark the southerly extremity of the east boundary of the township of Hecla was picked up about sixteen chains west of our 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 77 line. The northeast angle of the township of Emerson was then established by running the north boundary line of the township east through this post, to intersect our meridian. The boundary line was then run westward to the meridian run by us in 1911. This completed the portion of our work east of the Mattagami River. The party then proceeded up the river to the line between the townships of Harmon and Mowbray, left partly completed earlier in the season. It was extended west across the river to within convenient distance from the westerly corners of the townships. We then returned to the river, and continued up stream to the crossing of Messrs. Sutcliffe and Neelands' first base line, the point from which the party had, at the beginning of the season, travelled east- ward. The party then packed westward along the base line to the northwest angle of the township of Clay. From the post marking the corner, the line was run west between the townships of Mowbray and Hopkins. Considerable difficulty was found in locating the north end of the meridian forming the west boundary of the township of Hopkins, as the corner was in an extensive brule now covered with a dense growth of alders, poplars and birch. The iron and wooden posts marked IX M were finally discovered four chains and forty- seven links south of our line. The base line was extended westward between the townships of Guilfoyle and Boyle, to intersect the west boundary of Guilfoyle established in 1906. The intersection lies about fifty chains west of the Opaza- tika River. Returning to the northwest angle of the township of Hopkins, the meridian between the townships of Mowbray and Boyle was run, and the north boundary of the township of Mowbray completed to the intersection. The base line between the townships of Bradley and Boyle was run westward and as the west boundary of these townships has not yet been run the final post was planted at IX M. We then ran north between the townships of Bradley and Harmon and produced the north boundary of the township of Harmon west, eleven chains and seventeen links to an intersection, thus completing the summer's work. The last line was cut on 1st September. The return trail to the rail- way was made via the Mattagami and Ground Hog Rivers, and Fauquier was reached on the 3rd of September. The first part of the season was favourable for survey work, but the weather became broken about the middle of August, causing much loss of time while running the last forty miles of the survey. A two-chain steel band was used for measurements throughout the work. On broken ground, measurements were made with the aid of a clinometer and the horizontal distance was deduced from the vertical angle. Occasions for triangulation were few as the lines crossed few lakes, and the Mattagami River at the north boundary of the township of Mowbray was the only river crossing which could not be measured directly with the band. The Opazatika River was barely more than two chains wide at the point struck by our line, and no difficulty was found in making the measurement with the band. A poplar tree marked by O.L.S. Kenny on his traverse of the Opazatika River was located and tied in to our line. Frequent observations of Polaris were taken throughout the survey and the notes of a number of these are embodied in the field notes. The wooden posts used were made of cedar where available, but as a rule spruce or jack pine had to serve. All were at least six inches square and firmly planted. Iron posts were planted to mark each third mile and the township corners. A number of these, however, were placed as witness posts. Several 78 REPORT OF THE No. 3 of the points to be marked fell in muskeg and soft ground. Where it was thought that the ground was not solid enough to form durable pits and mounds, a wooden post was planted at the true point and the iron post was planted as a witness post on the nearest solid ground with the required trench and mound. No short iron posts were used. In two cases, the regulation iron posts could not be sunk flush with the ground, and substantial stone cairns ^were built around them. Stone was not available for mounding posts at more than a few points. The posts so mounded are indicated on the notes. On account of the extent of old brule crossed, suitable trees for use as bearing- trees did not exist near a considerable number of the posts planted. In most cases, however, the notes show that two trees of some sort were marked. General Features The larger part of the area traversed by our lines is drained by the Matta- gami River and its tributary, the Pike River. The remainder, or western part, is drained by the Opazatika River. Our meridian east of the Mattagami River followed somewhat closely the course of the Pike River. The Pike River originates in a number of small streams rising in the northern portion of the townships of Howells and Sheldon. These streams have dug ravines, sixty to seventy feet deep, in the sandy ground, and as a consequence the northern portion of' these townships, especially near our meridian between them, is very broken. The streams themselves are clear and cold, and are well stocked with speckled trout. In the next tier of townships, the river flows swiftly between clay or sand banks, twenty to forty-five feet high, through gently rolling or flat land. Ap- proximately two miles below the south boundary of the township of Hamlet it enters a rocky gorge about two miles long, emerging at the level of the coastal plain where it is bounded by low lands, muskeg and swamp. In general, the land along the meridian seems to fall to the north in two main steps; the first at about the north boundary of the townships of Howells and Sheldon, and the second opposite the gorge mentioned above. The last four miles of the east boundary and the north boundary of the township of Emerson were run through country eighty-five per cent, swamp and muskeg. West of the Mattagami River the axes of the ridges seemed to lie approxi- mately east and west. Our line along the south limits of the townships of Boyle and Mowbray followed one ridge, and the line along the north boundary of these townships followed another. Most of the valley between these ridges drains to the Opazatika. Soil The soil over the larger part of the area surveyed is a light sandy loam or straight sand. Perhaps twenty per cent, of the soil examined was clay. Probably, however, the proportion of clay is greater than would appear from such examination as we were able to make. The lower lands were deeply covered with moss, and the soil could not be so readily identified. The best soil seen from an agricultural standpoint was along the south boundaries of the townships of Boyle and Mowbray. Timber The major portion of the land traversed by our lines was swept by fire twenty to twenty-five years ago, and a strip about six miles in length along our east meridian was burnt over two years ago. This latter burn seems to extend for a considerable distance toward the Abitibi River on the east, and 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 79 for six or seven miles to the west. The area burnt by these fires extends from beyond our south boundary. The fires were only stopped on the north by the extensive muskegs in the northern parts of the townships of Emerson and Hamlet. East of the Mattagami River practically the only timber left is in the spruce swamps comprising not more than twenty per cent, of the area. Some of this is of a size suitable for pulpwood. The second growth is largely birch and poplar or alders and willow. An exception to this is on some of the sand hills in the northern part of the townships of Howells and Sheldon. On them a dense growth of young jack pine has sprung up. West of the Mattagami River, the destruction is not so complete. Several areas of a few square miles have escaped. Along the south boundary of the township of Mowbray in particular, we saw some good pulpwood. In the southerly part of the township of Harmon there is a considerable area of green bush. This is a mixed stand of jack pine, spruce, poplar and birch. The second growth west of the Mattagami River seems of a more valuable quality than that east of the river. Rock Little rock was seen on the lines of survey. The rock observed was granite or granite gneiss. Rock is exposed on the banks of the Mattagami River in many places, and in the gorge of the Pike River mentioned above. No econ- omic minerals were identified. Water Power Traverses of the Mattagami and Opazatika Rivers have been obtained by your department. A causal inspection is sufficient to show that large development of power is possible on the Mattagami River and to a lesser extent on the Opazatika. The surveys of the rivers will, of course, indicate the power possibilities better than any estimate by us. The Pike River is too small and distant to offer any inducement for the immediate development of water power. Canoe Routes We reached the scene of our work via the Mattagami River, from Smooth Rock Falls, but after the first trip, utilized the Ground Hog River instead above the junction of the two rivers. This is the shorter and better route. The route via the Ground Hog River and the Mattagami River, is considered to be the best one from Moose Factory to the railway. The portages are in excellent condition. The Opazatika is said to be good between our crossing and the railway and below that to be difficult except at the higher stages of water. The Pike River is not travelled. Fish and Game Moose were plentiful, especially in the area west of the Mattagami River. Partridge and rabbits were seen more often than usual. Beaver work was fairly common. The head waters of the Pike River are well stocked with speckled, trout and the fishermen of the party made some good catches of pike and pickerel in the Mattagami River. We have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servants, Speight & vanNostrand, Ontario Land Surveyors. The Honourable Minister of Lands and Forests, Toronto, Ontario. 80 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 29 Certain Township Outlines, District of Sudbury Peterborough, Ont., October 31st, 1923. Sir, — I beg to report that, agreeable with instructions from your depart- menj;, dated April 15th, 1923, to survey certain township outlines in the district of Sudbury, that I have completed this work and beg to submit herewith my plans, field notes and report, all of which I trust will be found complete and satisfactory to your department. I commenced the survey at an iron post planted by myself in 1916 at a point on the north boundary of the township of Hall, two miles west of the northeast angle of that township. After getting an observation for azimuth at this point, I ran four miles west. I then moved my camp to Turnbull Creek on the Canadian Pacific Railway and from the iron post planted by Ontario Land Surveyor Stewart in 1892 to mark the line between township No. 16 and Cavell, I ran south to intersect the line between the townships of Cavell and Hall. I continued this line south to the north boundary of the township of Hubbard. I then returned to the northwest angle of the township of Hall and from this point I ran west along the north boundary of the township of Faust to intersect the meridian line surveyed by Ontario Land Surveyor Niven in 1902. Having completed this work I moved west along the north boundary of township 9 Z, recently surveyed by Ontario Land Surveyor Mooney, to a point two miles, sixty-eight chains and thirty-seven links west of the northeast angle of that township, and from this point I continued west making Township 9 Z six miles wide on its northern extremity. From this point, I ran south to intersect the north boundary of township 8 A and north 6 miles. I then re- turned to the northwest angle of township 9 Z and ran west six miles along the north boundary of township 9 A from which point I ran south to intersect the north boundary of township 8 B and north six miles. I then returned to the northwest angle of township 9 A from which point I ran west along the north boundary of township 9 B. I then ran south to intersect the north boundary of township 8 C and north to intersect a line run this season by Ontario Land Surveyors McAuslan, Anderson and Moore. I then returned to the northwest angle of township 9 B and ran west six miles along the north boundary of township 9 C, from which point I ran north to again intersect the line surveyed by Ontario Land Surveyors McAuslan, Anderson and Moore. Having finished this part of the work I moved to Woman River Station on the Canadian Pacific Railway and from the iron post planted by Ontario Land Surveyor Stewart in 1892 to mark the northeast angle of township No, 19, I ran west 12 miles connecting with my own work and that of McAuslan, Anderson and Moore. Wooden posts made of the most durable wood in the locality and at least six inches square and three feet high were planted at the end of every mile, excepting where that point fell in a lake or river, in which case the post was planted on the line at the nearest shore. At the end of every third mile the iron posts supplied by your Department were planted and pits and mounds made according to instructions. All the country covered by these eleven townships is very rough and rocky and almost completely devoid of agricultural land, nor does there appear on the surface any indications of the existence of economic minerals. Four or 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 81 five of these townships, however, contain an immense quantity of valuable timber, the location of which will be seen on the timber plan. The whole country is traversed by numerous creeks and lakes containing considerable good fish, particularly pike and lake trout. Moose and red deer are also very plentiful in this locality. In the lowlands between the hills are found the usual swampy tracts covered with spruce, dead and decaying tamarac with alder and willow underbrush and considerable windfall, the average size of this timber runs from two to ten inches. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, J. W. Fitzgerald, Ontario Land Surveyor. The Honourable Minister of Lands and Forests, Toronto. Appendix No. 30 Survey of Township of Mongowin, District of Sudbury Little Current, Ont., November 19th, 1923. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you the following report on the survey of the township of Mongowin, in the district of Sudbury, performed under instructions from your department, dated Toronto, June 1st, 1923. The manner of the survey was carried on as nearly as practicable to conform with the instructions. Several iron posts were planted at the intersections of survey lines, as recorded in the field notes. In the Lacloche Mountains, in the southern portion of the township, on account of there being very little soil, none were planted. Where practicable at all the posts were well mounded up with stones, most of the mounds, or cairns, are from three to five feet at the base, and where there was a depth of soil a hole was dug about two feet deep, and the post set up firmly in it. Nearly all the posts are of cedar. In the appendix to the field notes will be found the notes of my survey of the outlines of the Wallace Mine locations, including Block A, which I made in January, 1900, for the late Thomas Frood. All possible information regard- ing the original survey of the locations, and a letter of explanation, were obtained from the then Director of Surveys, Mr. Kirkpatrick, before proceeding with the survey. The evidences which I found on the ground of the west limit of the White- fish River Indian Reserve are rather unsatisfactory. With the exception of its intersection with Lake Huron, and a short distance from there, and the intersection at West River, which latter one I found in 1920, also a cairn on the north shore of Raven Lake, which is said to be the northwest angle of the Reserve, the blazes which I have seen seem to be only a reblazing in a hap- hazard way, and made probably 20 to 30 years ago. On page three of the instructions of above date, reference is made to an apparent discrepancy between O.L.S. Bolger's survey of the first concession west of Wallace Mine, at the shore where it connects with O.L.S. Alex. Vidal's survey of Wallace Mine, lot 5, I did not find any discrepancy there, nor elsewhere. 82 REPORT OF THE No. 3 The soil throughout the township is nearly all a stiff clay. There is some sandy and sandy loam on the south side of the Lacloche Mountains. In some places there are tracts of soil unbroken by rock, probably from 10 to 15 acres in extent, but generally it occurs in small patches between the rocky ridges. A settler in lot 11, concession 6, has, however, cleared about 35 acres which seems very little broken by rock. Probably from 20 to 30 per cent, at least of con- cessions 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, is tillable. Concession 2 is very much broken by the Lacloche Mountains. The rock formation is almost entirely Huronian. North of Raven Lake it is mostly clay slate and various schists. In the central portion there are also occasional small ridges of diorite, or diabase. On lots 7 and 11, concession 3, there are prospects of mineral, somewhat developed. The Lacloche Mountains, extending across the southern portion, are mainly quartzite. Where they extend easterly into the Whitefish Indian Reserve, there occurs along the Al- goma Eastern Railway a large hill of chert. As shown in colour on the timber map north of Raven Lake, concessions 5 and 6, it is nearly all old brule, with an occasional small patch of scattered timber. In concessions 3, 4 and part of 5, there is considerable fair sized balsam, spruce, cedar, poplar, white and yellow birch, hemlock, jack pine, maple, tamarac, ash and some black spruce. A good deal of it is merchantable. There is also considerable large red and white pine in this area. In concessions 1 and 2 there is the same timber, also some scrub red oak and ironwood. The merch- antable pine has been pretty well cut out of this area. There is a tract of old brule, with little good timber, lying between Fox Lake and Block A. West River, between Raven Lake and Marsh Lake, on account of being dammed up is mostly sluggish, and is from 20 to 40 feet wide. Below Marsh Lake it is a succession of narrow gorges for some distance, and in this section some power might be developed on it. I have the honour to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, T. J. Patten, Ontario Land Surveyor. The Honourable Minister of Lands and Forests, Toronto, Ontario. Appendix No. 31 Traverse of Shore Line of Lakes Minnietakie and Big Sandy, District of Kenora Port Arthur, Ont., December 14th, 1923. Sir, — I have the honour to report that in accordance with your instructions, dated April 10th, 1923, I have made a traverse of the islands and shore lines of Lakes Minnietakie and Big Sandy, both in the District of Kenora, and beg to submit the following report : I commenced the survey at the intersection of the southerly boundary of Drayton township and the westerly shore of Lake Minnietakie and con- tinued southwesterly along the shore of said lake to the mouth of Pickerel Narrows. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 83 Pickerel Narrows This bay runs in a general direction southwest, a distance of twenty miles and varies in width from five to eighty chains. The shores and banks are, generally speaking, rock, rough and very steep in places with high rocky hills surrounding it, burnt bare in places by fire which has swept all of the area at one time or another. Two rivers are tributary to this bay (which is by far the longest in the whole lake). The one from the southwest about a chain in width empties out of Big Sandy Lake; this is still water with the exception of its upper reaches near Big Sandy, where there are some small rapids and the remains of an old dam, which was used in the early days. The other one enters from the south- east and is twenty-five feet wide and is remarkable for the fact that it falls twenty-eight feet at its mouth, thus showing up the nature of the shore line at this point. I continued the traverse, doing both sides of the Narrows at once, to Black- fish Portage, which is the end of the Narrows and portage to Big Sandy Lake. I tied into Niven's meridian line en route, and was very lucky to find the post as the country had been well burnt over and there was no semblance of a line. I then traversed the portage and Big Sandy Lake continuing the Portage to Dinorwic where I arrived on the 29th of June. Big Sandy Lake This lake, as its name implies, is a big sandy lake. There are many sandy beaches but the rock and gravel beaches are by far in the majority. The westerly shore appears to be very rocky on the points and shallow, making it difficult to land a canoe or boat. In fact I found ^this difficulty throughout the whole lake. It seems very shallow and can churn up and become a turmoil in the shortest time of any lake I know. The beaches, mostly rock and boulders, have been piled up, both on main shore and islands for a distance of twenty links to three chains by the action of the water or ice in the old days when the water was raised by dam on the outlet of this lake. The difference from the present to the old water level is approximately nine feet. The bays with the sandy beaches would be suitable for summer resort lots but the others are eliminated on account of the shallow- ness, rocks and reefs. Portage to Dinorwic This portage, approximately nine miles long, varies in width from just a trail to one chain and even wider in some places. The portion near the lake is rather rough, rocky and high, but it drops down gradually to Dinorwic. The latter part of the road is mostly clay and in dry weather one could not wish for a better road. This leg of trip was then complete and we transported men and what supplies we had left back to the mouth of Pickerel Narrows where I had cached the bulk of the supplies. I then continued traverse around the various bays of Minnietakie Lake till we reached Twin Lake on the 25th of July. Twin Lake This is more in the nature of a long narrow bay from Minnietakie Lake than a separate lake as its name applies. The strip of water that connects 84 REPORT OF THE No. 3 it with Minnietakie is in the nature of a river but one cannot detect a current. It is very marshy and full of wild rice and reeds and it was only with a great deal of difficulty that we were enabled to push our canoe through. The southern portion of this lake is surrounded by high rocky hills covered mostly by Banksian pine, poplar and white birch. The bays are long and narrow ending up in low marshy places. I then continued into the southeastern bay into which the English River empties, tieing into the English River power reserve line as we proceeded. This is, in my opinion, the best part of the main shore of Minnietakie Lakes for summer resort lots. The big rounding bays are mostly of a sandy nature and the country lends itself generally to this purpose. In fact there are already several locations laid out; the big majority, however, are on islands. I connected up with the south boundary of Drayton township, where it intersects the easterly shore of Minnietakie Lake, on the 7th of August. I had no difficulty finding the post, although the country has all been burnt over. I then traversed what remained of the islands. This took me considerably longer than I anticipated, when I wrote you on the 4th of August, on account of adverse weather conditions, but we finally did complete them and returned to Sioux Lookout, entraining for Port Arthur on the 16th of August. There are two hundred and thirty-seven islands in both lakes ranging from small rocks to islands six and seven miles in perimeter, also numerous reefs which are shown on the accompanying plan. The acreages and description of islands is appended hereto. At intervals of about a mile apart on the shore, prominent trees were blazed on the side next to the lake and marked thus: "1, 2, 3, etc." In like manner trees on islands were marked by the letters "R", "K", followed by the number of the island. These points were tied into the nearest transit station and the bearing and distance recorded in the field notes. They are also recorded on the accompanying plan in red. Whenever we located a suitable spot, a short bronze metal post was cemented into the rock with Portland cement and a wooden post was planted alongside in a mound of stones as a reference point, both posts being marked similarly. These posts are shown circled in red on the plan which accompanies the report. Posts were planted well above the high water mark at points where I tied into known lines. All the details as to shore lands, trees marked, measurements, bearings and posts planted are shown on the plan. A Watt transit and D.L.S. stadia rod were used throughout with the ex- ception of two occasions, when I had the misfortune to fall into the lake and wash out my cross hairs, when I used a Davis & Son six-inch transit with good results. With the latter transit, however, I had to use a constant of .9434 for every chain read on the rod. The main stations were plotted by latitudes and departures every day on the cross section paper on a scale of twenty chains to the inch so that any error which might creep in was at once located and corrected. Frequent observations for meridian were taken, and copies of them accompany this report. Game Both these lakes seems to be well supplied with pike and pickerel, but the fishermen met with did not seem to have very good luck. No trout were seen at any time throughout this trip. The red deer and moose are the most plentiful of any part of the country that I have yet been. Beaver and muskrat are present in small numbers. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 85 Water Power No water power was encountered of any commercial value except perhaps the English River Falls which has already been investigated. In conclusion I would suggest that almost any of the islands in the north- easterly section of Lake Minnietakie, the southeasterly bay and the lake shore on the southern part of Drayton township, adjacent to the easterly boundary of the said township, have portions which would be suitable for summer resort lots. The water is pure and various springs are spotted here and there, both on islands and main shore, which makes for better camp conditions. The only adverse feature being that the lake is fairly shallow and there are rocks and reefs lying just underneath its surface which makes it bad for navigation. Accompanying this report there are two plans covering the traverse on tracing linen on a scale of twenty chains to the inch, a table giving a short description of each island and the acreage, copies of observations and my accounts in triplicate, all of which I trust that you will find correct. I have the honour to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, Roy S. Kirkup, Ontario Land Surveyor. The Honourable Minister of Lands and Forests, Toronto, Ontario. Appendix No. 32 Readjustment Survey in the Township of Blount, District of TiMISKAMING North Bay, Ont., November 27th, 1923. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on the readjustment of survey in the township of Blount, District of Timiskaming, performed by me under instructions from your department, dated October 16th, 1923. I left North Bay on October 21st, 1923, with a party of five men and travelled to Cochrane, remaining in Cochrane over night. The following morning travelled by motor truck with supplies to where the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway crosses the south boundary of the township of Blount. The posts planted to mark the front and rear of lots one to thirty-six con- cessions A and B of survey made by me in October, 1922, were removed and bearing trees for same obliterated. The iron posts planted last year at one chain and seventy-five links in perpendicular width measured westerly from the centre line of the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway on the north limit of the road allowance of concession I and on the southerly limit of road allowance at concessions II, IV, VI, VIII, X and XII remain but the marking on same have been obliterated. The blazes on the following lines were scored by making three axe marks on the blaze facing the line: — 1. Line west astronomically across lot 21, concession 1, at 59.49 chains north of southerly limit of concession 1. 86 REPORT OF THE No. 3 2. Line across lot 16, concession III, at 59.59 chains north of southerly limit of concession III. 3. Line across lot 17, concession V, at 59.49 chains north of southerly limit of concession V. 4. Line across lot 23, concession V, at 59.49 chains north of southerly lime of concession V. 5. Line across lot 19, concession VII at 59.49 chains north of southerly limit of concession VII. 6. Line across lot 25, concession VII at 59.49 chains north of southerly limit of concession VI I. Posts were planted and marked in the prescribed manner to define the fronts of the following lots which were removed last year. Lost 16 to 21 including concession I. Lots 15 to 21 Lots 16 to 22 Lots 17 to 24 Lots 20 to 25 Lots 20 to 25 Lots 20 to 25 II and III. IV and V. VI and VII. VIII and IX. X and XL XII. In addition to the list of lots that have been settled, sent in with my report last year, there has been the following: A Mr. Wilson of Cochrane has built a frame house, 16 x 20, on old lot 9, concession B, which is at the rear of the readjustment survey of lot 19, con- cession III. This makes two settlers on lot 19, concession III, as a Mr. Dominic Noel has built on this lot last year. There is a small clearing at the southeast corner of lot 24, concession XL Near the southeast angle of lot 22,. concession XI, there is a small log cabin. At the rear of lots 21 and 22, concession XII, men were engaged in cutting timber for the erection of camps for the Major Moffatt settlement. Accompanying this report are field notes and accounts, all of which I trust will be found complete and satisfactory. I have the honour to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, G. P. Angus, Ontario Land Surveyor. The Honourable Minister Lands and Forests, Toronto, Ontario. 1923-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 87 Appendix No. 33 Traverse of Moose River, District of Cochrane Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., December 7th, 1923. Sir, — Under instructions from you, dated April 5th, 1923, to survey the Moose River from the confluence of the Mattagami and Missinabi Rivers down stream to Moose Factory and beyond to the mouth of the river, I com- menced organizing for this work May 5th, 1923, and proceeded to Clute via Cochrane. At Clute I bought supplies, etc., and had it teamed to the landing on Frederick House River and left May 13th, en route for Moose River via Frederick House and Abitibi Rivers. The trip to Moose River passed off without mishap of any kind. It took considerable time to make the trip. Being heavily loaded I could not take the full loads on some parts of the river. Having barely enough supplies when I landed at Moose River to make the survey, I found it necessary to work from "fly-camps", leaving the cook and one man at the main camp, and about every three or four days, he supplying us with bread, etc. The "fly-camp" was picked up each morning, carried in two canoes while surveying, and pitched again towards evening. I find this to be the most effective method of surveying a large river or lake. I finished the survey with quite enough supplies to make the trip out, which took more time than usual, on account of the water in the rivers being very low. The Moose River traverses through banks of clay from ten to thirty feet high and is swift and rapid, particularly from its source to the French River. During the survey of the upper part of the river, rapids were not noticeable at high water stage, but the current is fast and heavy, so much so, that lining or poling up stream, with even light loads, is the only way good progress can be made. The river has a quick "run-off" and with the exception of a few places is shallow for the greater part of the width at low water stages. The river bed from its source to within seven miles of Moose Factory, is principally limestone, or limestone covered with clay, gravel and boulders. Great stretches of limestone and gravel bars will be found, reaching as far out as ten chains from either bank of the river throughout its entire length. The islands of the river are generally high and made lip principally of clay soil suitable for agricultural purposes, and sparsely timbered with poplar and birch, some balsam and spruce. The up stream end of the majority of islands are high with almost sheer cut banks having been annually torn away by spring floods carrying high floats of ice at a great speed, and at the same time depositing high boulders weighing almost a ton, I have seen, when the river got low, long wide gravel shoals show up, the well defined tract of these boulders made during spring floods, which gives the instance of how turbulent these great rivers are during high water period. The Moose River forms a basin for three of the largest rivers in this section of the north, viz: the Abitibi, Missinabi and the Mattagami, besides numerous other smaller rivers and creeks, as the French, Cheepasch and Kwaataboahegan rivers. 88 REPORT OF THE No. 3 The Moose River at its mouth is about three miles wide, and at low tide is shallow in many places. The natives of this district have noticed quite a change, in the last twenty years, in the way of new islands and water channels being formed, due to the tons of silt and debris brought down the river during flood season, and again being shoved back by tides, which affect the river up- stream to the mouth of the French. A study of the plan in connection with this report, will give more plainly the way in which this section of the river is changing. For instance, Maidman's Island is known to have been made up in the manner already stated. It is also apparent the connection Butler's Island is making with Maidman's Island. Most of the island area in the vicinity is high enough to not be affected by spring floods or high tides and the soil, a clay loam, is excellent for agri- cultural purposes. The Hudson Bay Company's post on Factory Island is a good example of the farming possibilities existing in this district. This may also be said of the country through which this great river traverses. There are a few cleared pieces of land in this vicinity yielding wonderful crops of root vegetables, hay, oats, barley and berries. Although the summer seasons are short the growth is very rapid. The timber along the Moose River consists chiefly of poplar, spruce, balsam and birch, and from a pulp standpoint I would consider it only fair. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, The Honourable Minister of Lands and Forests, Toronto, Ontario. C. R. Kenny, Ontario Land Surveyor. ^ 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 89 • > "Sfca^ '<^'' cS M -i ■<-' ^ v. rt O P^Dh OT3 O a, u. O til >-• O P a c 's n! CO ■g to C (HZ O W in 90 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Cl, CQ Oi U r3 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 91 u Pi a O ^ a O 92 REPORT OF THE No. 3 cd us B a a 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 93 a W u o ■l-> u 0) WS^^^^^M r IH^^^IHHI 4 i a fcu O 94 REPORT OF THE No. 3 fc o PQ c a e o U H C^ PQ 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 95 m c^ CQ aJ n Pi >, a n) a 6 o U 3 to n 96 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 34 Timber Limit Lines, Timagami Forest Reserve New Liskeard, Ont., November 3rd, 1923. Sir, — In compliance with instructions bearing date of August 30th, to survey two Hmit lines, one in Kittson township and the other east of Anima Nipissing Lake, we proceeded to said work, October 3rd, commencing work at the two mile post on the north boundary of Kittson. Weather conditions prevented our getting an observation at this point so the theoretical angle was turned off and the line surveyed south astronomically to the northwesterly shore of Trout Lake, said point being the southerly end of said line; Posts of durable material were planted at each mile, mounded with stones and properly referenced by bearing trees and blazed on two sides in the direction in which the line was run. After completing this work we proceeded to Anima Nipissing Lake, camped where the second limit line was supposed to intersect the east boundary of Kittson and walked east to the starting point and ran west astronomically intersecting said east boundary L72 chains north of the two-mile post and making an intersection angle of 90° 02' measured from north to east. Durable posts were planted every mile, mounded with stones and referenced the same as the first line. It was impossible to obtain experienced axemen at New Liskeard so we had to get them at North Bay, consequently the transportation expenses. Accompanying this report please find attached field notes and chainer's affidavits and under separate cover pay list and account in full. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servants, SUTCLIFFE & NeELANDS, Ontario Land Surveyors. The Honourable Minister of Lands and Forests, Toronto, Ontario. Appendix No. 35 Algonquin Provincial Park Algonquin Park, Ont., November 21st, 1923. Honourable Sir,^ — I beg to submit my annual report for the fiscal year ending October 31st, 1923. Our staff is composed of a superintendent, two chief rangers, thirty-two park rangers and a housekeeper. One ranger, J. P. Foran, died during the year, and four new rangers were added to the Park Staff. Improvements Five new rangers' houses were built. Eight of the old houses had new roofing put on them, two houses had new foundations placed under them, new windows, etc., making them almost as good as new. A number of the 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 97 houses were re-chinked and plastered and other small repairs made. Nine new stoves were placed in rangers' houses, required to replace old stoves that were worn or rusted out, and several cooking outfits were replaced. New blankets were distributed to any of the rangers on request. Portages and roads were much improved. Several new portages were cut out. The credit for the roads and trails is due to the Forestry Branch, assisted when possible by members of our staff. Telephones were placed in the Eagle Lake and Sligo Ranger Houses and attached to the Forestry Branch lines. The telephone situation is very much improved, returns to the Department from this source being $329.88. Game Game has increased in the Park, especially among the fur-bearing animals, such as beaver, otter, mink, marten and fisher. Deer are not so plentiful, disease among them during the winter of 1922-23 and the increased number of wolves, no doubt, accounting for same. There was the usual amount of illegal trapping in the Park; our rangers succeeding in bringing in six of the offenders. Fines were imposed amounting to $357.45, which was forwarded to the Provincial Treasurer through the Depart- ment. Nine different trappers' outfits were captured or destroyed. 109 traps were brought in to headquarters and possibly as many more destroyed. Nine rifles were also captured, all in poor condition, and a quantity of raw furs was taken and forwarded to the Department for disposal. Fish We placed 1,000,000 salmon trout fry in fourteen different lakes along the railroad in the southwest part of the Park. Fishing was very good throughout the Park waters, many sportsmen going to the northern parts of the Park reporting excellent results. The revenue from the sale of Fishing Licenses amounted to $2,579.00 and $101.00 was collected from the sale of Guides' Licenses. Lots and Leases A few applications were received for parcels of land upon which to build summer cottages. Only two cottages were built. A number of the summer residents built small additions to their cottages and a great many of the cottages were painted. The revenue collected from rents amounted to $869.59, which was forwarded to the Department. Other revenue collected was the sale of firewood amounting to $14.25. Summer residents were given the down timber and floatwood in the lakes, free of charge, for firewood, on condition that all debris should be cleaned up. This has resulted in considerable cleaning up along the lake shores and the removal of much danger to canoeists from floating driftwood. Rental of the Park team brought in $195.50. $72.00 was also paid direct to the Department by the Canadian National Railway for work done by the Park team while the pumping station was being built. The number of fires throughout the Park was less than usual. Only two fires amounted to anything. One in Hunter Township started by lightning, and the burning in an old slash left by the big fire of 1914 required a lot of hard work to keep it from running into the green timber. The cleaning up of this slash wood is a real benefit, having removed a dangerous menace to life and further destruction of forest in the Park. In the township of Boyle a bad fire 4 L.F. 98 REPORT OF THE No. 3 raged for a couple of days, during which time high winds prevailed. The Forestry Branch, assisted by a number of the Park staff, got this fire under control. I may say that the increased efficiency of the Forestry Branch is largely responsible for the greater number of the fires being put out before any great damage was done. Tourists and members of the different Boys' Camps in the Park put out several small fires while travelling through the Park. Cigarettes are, possibly, the greatest menace to our forests and if visitors could be persuaded to use a pipe with a cover, the number of fires would be reduced. Very few fires result from careless campers as this class is fast disappearing. There is always the danger of fires alcng the railrcad and I would recommend that a small gasoline engine and hose be purchased for the Park staff at Algonquin Park Headquarters, also a small gasoline car so that it could be sent to any point in a hurry and in this way greatly assist in keeping fires under control and extinguishing them while they are still small. There is one girls' camp (Northway) in the Park. This is a select camp and only a limited number of young ladies are accepted. Miss F. Case of Rochester, N.Y., is in charge. There are four boys' camps in the Park. Ahmek Camp, in charge of Taylor Statten, is considered the best camp of the kind in America. There are three other camps for boys from the United States, "Pathfinders" at Source Lake, H. J, Norton of Rochester being in charge; "Waubeno Camp" at Cache Lake, with H. F. Standerwick in charge, and "Minie Wa Wa Camp," with W. L. Wise of Bordentown, N.Y., in charge. There is a friendly strife amongst the different camps as to which will have the best record regarding fires, etc. A fine type of manhood is being developed that will show the results of early training in the forests of Northern Ontario. In the Park there are fifty-one rangers' houses. There are four townships that have no rangers' houses, while a number have only one house. We should have at least twenty-four new ranger houses built so that our staff can success- fully cover the Park. There are 255 miles of Park border to guard with 120 miles of railroad to watch for poachers and only a staff of thirty-five, all told, to cover twenty-eight townships and nine half townships. These facts I respectfully submit for your consideration. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, Mark Robinson, Superintendent Algonquin Provincial Park. The Honourable James Lyons, Minister of Lands and Forests, Toronto, Ontario. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 99 Appendix No. 36 QuETico Provincial Park Kawene P.O., Ont., October 31st, 1923. Honourable Sir, — I beg to submit my report on Quetico Provincial Park for the year ending October 31st, 1923. During the year the staff consisted of about seven rangers, and as the Park contains 1 ,000 miles and as all water routes are patrolled entirely by canoe the number of rangers is altogether inadequate. During the winter months the rangers' principal duty is to guard against poachers, and I am pleased to say that owing to the vigilance of the rangers, few, if any, have gained illegal entrance to the Park. There are, however, a few points which must be carefully guarded, chiefly the American Boundary and that covered by the Shevlin, Clarke Company's lumbering operations. I regret to state that on April 29th we lost one of our rangers, presumably by drowning. Although a careful search was made for the missing man no trace of him could be found, so we were forced to the conclusion that he ventured on the then insecure ice and was drowned. On June 25th and again in July we were visited by severe hail storms that did much damage to roofing, etc., and caused much work and expense. The portages on all old canoe routes were cleaned of fallen timber and growing brush and six new portages cut. Fur-bearing animals are steadily increasing, particularly beaver. They may be seen in numbers during open water, swimming about and paying little attention to gasoline boat or canoe. On one occasion I have seen five otters sporting themselves and on another six. Deer and moose do not seem to be as numerous as formerly, but I think this is due more to the animals changing their feeding grounds to later burnings or cuttings rather than to any decrease in numbers. Two fires occurred on the Park this summer, one, near the American Boundary, which did very little damage, burning about eight or ten acres of underwood, the other, on T.B. 48, the extent of which I have not yet learned. I will require for the coming season one twin cylinder 7 h.p. heavy duty gas engine for purpose of towing the barge as the engine now used for that purpose is much too light, thus rendering it unsafe to tow horses as often required. I will also require two 17 ft. canvas canoes for use of rangers. I would also recommend that a fire' pump, such as is used by the fire rangers with 1,000 feet of hose be placed at headquarters for fire protection. This pump could be carried on the gasoline boat now at headquarters down the French River and Pickeral Lake, a distance of twenty-five miles if necessary. There is no protec- tion, whatever, at headquarters for fire and usually with only one or two men about in case of fire little could be done to protect buildings and equipment. If I may be pardoned for doing so I would suggest a few changes in condition^. 1. That the superintendent be given power to engage rangers to the number allowed by the Department without having to have recourse to Toronto for authority, thus giving him an opportunity to secure more efficient men. 2. That the number of rangers be increased to twelve, these to patrol in winter and afford fire protection in summer, thus putting all rangers on the Park under one head. The fire rangers are paid more for their services than 100 REPORT OF THE No. 3 the park rangers although the duties are the same, thus causing a friction and jealousy, which can scarcely be overcome in any other manner. At the time of writing, and for three days previous, we are having a very severe storm, alternate snow and rain with strong wind from the northwest, making it impossible to travel, therefore the mailing of this report may be delayed. ! have the honour to be. Sir, Your obedient servant. Hugh McDonald, Superintendent Quetico Provincial Park. The Honour able James Lyons, Minister of Lands and Forests, Toronto, Ontario. Appendix No. 37 Rondeau Provincial Park. Morpeth, Ont., October 31st, 1923. Honourable Sir, — I beg to submit my report for the fiscal year ending October 31st, 1923. Rondeau Provincial Park has had a great many visitors this past season, and its popularity is well established as a favoured summer resort. Tourists come from far and near, and cannot say enough in its praise as being one of the finest natural parks in Western Ontario, and as an ideal spot for a real holiday. Situated as it is between Rondeau Bay and the blue waters of Lake Erie, it is unexcelled as a beauty spot for the erection of summer cottages, which may 'be built either on the Bay side or on the Lake side as the parties may Superintendent's House — Rondeau Park. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 101 desire. Each side has its advantages. The Lake beach is admittedly one of the best fresh water bathing, grounds in the Dominioniand the fresh breezes from Old Lake Erie are most invigorating. While the Bay side has its advantages in the way of fishing, sailing, canoeing and motor boating, it has also good bathing grounds, as in places the bottom is sandy. The Bay is about seven miles long and from two to three miles in width, and as it is practically surrounded by land it is ideal for aquatic sports of all kinds. In the fall when the wild ducks and geese are flying south the marshes of reeds and wild rice are full of birds and it is a most interesting time for hunters. Rondeau Park proper covers about 5,000 acres and the greater portion of it is well wooded with all kinds of valuable timber, considerable pine, walnut, whitewood and all other varieties of hardwood being found here, and all the trees are tall, straight and well proportioned and are wonderfully free from all parsitic growths or fungi. In this beautiful woods may be seen any number of deer. They have become very numerous of late years so that each season as many as can be dis- posed of for venison are being shot. This last year 129 carcases were disposed of in this way, being sold on the Park by the carcase, which brought in a revenue of over $1,000.00 and as they have hitherto destroyed the young growth in the forest to a great extent, already a difference can be noticed in the growth of young shrubs in certain portions of the Park where the deer were wont to browse. We have a small enclosure of about twelve acres in which are confined about sixteen deer. These are of great interest to visitors. Our beaver colonies are thriving well. There are at least three families and their work shows that they lead a very busy life and are increasing in numbers. The black squirrels are very numerous, hundreds of the little furry animals being seen and heard chattering throughout the forest. Owing to the ravages of some red foxes, which have invaded the Park this last year, our stock of wild turkeys and Canadian wild geese has diminished somewhat in numbers. We have been fairly successful this year in rearing pheasants. A goodly number of English Ring-necks have been liberated from year to year, and we receive many reports from points outside the Park, where the birds have nested and hatched and are thriving wonderfully well. We have also supplied eggs to those who have desired to rear them and in some cases they have been very successful in raising the young pheasant. Our aviary is well stocked with all varieties, such as the Goldens, the Silvers, the Reeves, Lady Amhersts, Chinese and English Ring-necks. Considerable improvements have been carried out in the Park this year. Roads to the extent of about five miles have been gravelled. The restaurant was thoroughly overhauled, and an addition built to it, which makes it much more convenient in every way. The pavilion was shingled. Two new lavatories equipped with Kaustine equipment were completed on the Lake side. The two bath-houses were moved together and fitted with lockers. An office was placed between them. This has been greatly appreciated by the public and has been very satisfactory. We must mention also how much the Hydro-Electric has been appreciated in the Park. It was installed in July, 1922, and has proved a wonderful boon 102 REPORT OF THE No. 3 to the place which was formerly in dense darkness. It has not yet been placed in all the cottages but probably in due time will.be. The total number of cottages at present on the Park number 130. A number will be built this coming season. The lots are nearly all taken, so in all probability a new survey will be made at an early date. As each year brings more visitors to Rondeau Park, the erection of a summer hotel is one of the necessary requirements. Many are asking for such accommoda- tion, and if this was provided it would fill a long-felt want. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, Geo. Goldworthy, Superintendent Rondeau Provincial Park. The Honourable James Lyons, Minister of Lands and Forests, Parliament Buildings, Toronto, Ontario. Appendix No. 38 Toronto, Ont., October 31st, 1923. Honourable James Lyons, Minister of Lands and Forests, Ontario. Sir, — -I have the honour to submit herewith the report of the Colonization Roads Branch of the Department of Lands and Forests for the fiscal year ending October 31st, 1923. The report, as has been the custom for a number of years, is in tabulated form, and shows the details of the work and the expenditures in the various townships which were made directly by the Government, and also the grants which were made to municipalities passing Colonization Roads By-laws. At the end of the statement is a summary or recapitulation of all the expenditures made during the year. The total expenditure for the year was $827,855.98. Of this amount $514,236.72 was expended directly by the Government upon roads and bridges in three hundred and thirty-one different townships. The amount expended upon inspection and miscellaneous services was $44,464.74, and the balance, a sum of $269,154.52, was distributed as grants to one hundred and ninety-nine municipalities, which had passed Colonization Roads By-laws. There is no doubt that the Colonization Roads Branch is playing an important part in the development of the Province in that area where assistance is given, in aiding agricultural, lumbering and, to some extent, mining industries. The fostering of the tourist trade is not the least important of the functions of this Branch. Attention has been given during the past fiscal year to the surveying and locating of new roads, and of diversions from roads previously constructed. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 103 Municipalities and district organizations are co-operating to some extent in our work, but there is still room for improvement. I believe that if all grants were conditional on those benefited being compelled to assume some fraction of the burden of, and responsibility for, every expenditure, better results would be obtained. All of which is respectfully submitted. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, C. H. FULLERTON, Superintendent Colonization Road». Road construction difficulties in Frontenac County. 104 REPORT OF THE No. 3 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS, ONTARIO Annual. State TOWNSHIPS NEW CONSTRUCTION Cleared and Stumped Graded and Shaped SURFACED tn ^_, ■v ^^ bO C 0) 2 *-> C 4J 3 in 'a £ C ■I-) 01 \ to c 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 s? Brethour Township roads 520 740 66 40 240 30 24 18 340 53 .S4 Bright Township roads Bright Additional Township roads gravel 20 6 20 55 Broder Township roads Bromley Township roads 320 40 4,177 56 S7 Brougham Township roads 190 40 321 20 gravel 340 10 58 Brudenell and Lyndoch Township roads. Brunei Township roads 50 60 Bucke Towrship roads 80 30 240 26 gravel 15 6 61 Buckhorn Trunk road 6? Burgess Township roads 6.S Burleigh Township roads 64 Burleigh Trunk road 43 60 66 30 43 60 26 24 gravel gravel 43 60 21 7 65 65 66 Burpee Township roads (Manitoulin) . . Burpee Township roads (Parry Sound) . 120 67 Burton and MacKenzie Township roads Burwash Township roads 80 105 40 16 80 170 16 12 20 68 gravel 140 6 97 60 Caldwell Township roads 70 Calvin Township roads 200 180 295 470 160 40 40 20 40 35 200 276 465 400 455 15 16 16 26 24 gravel gravel 200 64 7 7 390 71 Cameron Township roads 169 7? Campbell Township roads 80 73 Cane Township roads 793 74 Capreol Township roads 1,950 7S Carden Township roads 66 76 Cardiff Township roads 50 77 Cardwell Township roads 78 Carling Township roads 400 55 322 18 gravel i86 6 266 70 Carlow Township roads 80 Carnarvon Township roads 21 81 Cartier Township roads 8? Casey Township roads 320 147 50 16 320 242 30 12 155 83 Casimir Township roads gravel 40 8 181 84 Chaffey Township roads 8S Chandos Township roads 250 35 40 30 300 35 16 30 300 86 Chapleau Township roads .... 70 87 Chapman Township roads 88 Chisholm Township roads. 103 160 40 45 103 160 20 26 gravel 15 5 249 80 Christie Township roads 160 00 Clarendon and Miller Township roads. . 01 Cobden Township road Cockburn Island roads 140 60 140 18 60 0? 40 Q3 Cosby Township roads Cosby and Delamere Township road. . . Creighton Township road Crerar Township road Crosby North Township roads 755 400 650 661 16 16 33 16 800 400 290 822 12 14 16 12 370 04 24 95 96 07 gravel gravel 138 223 7 6 172 450 08 Crosby South Township roads. 00 Dalhousie Township roads . . 100 Dalton Township roads 42 101 Dana Township road 300 120 14 24 10? Darling Township roads gravel 120 12 103 Dawson Township roads 1 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 107 COLONIZATION ROADS BRANCH. MENT, 1922-1923. -Continued. CUT AND FILL MAINTENANCE o < w w Bi H X W BRIDGES CULVERTS Side- brushed Graded and Shaped SURFACED E 3 z c a en 12 .2 E 3 z 4) ."2 -a u > o 3 u O u ti C lU *-> tn -o o u J= be C 9^ stone clay 205 45 400 20 400 155 511 105 470 264 12 12 16 16 24 24 gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel 320 52 895 696 1,368 565 6 6 9 9 8 6 9. rep'd 9( 60 105 70 83 20 16 20 32 9 9J 9< 4 8 tile cedar stone 179 10( 10 gravel gravel 260 290 12 8 10 4 stone :::::: 330 24 10 108 REPORT OF THE No. 3 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS, ONTARIO, Annual State 1 TOWNSHIP NEW CONSTRUCTION Cleared and Stumped Graded and Shaped SURFACED en ■!-> -a £ M -C -a bo c ^ 4 5 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 Delamere Township roads Denbigh Township roads Denison Township roads Digby Township roads Dill Township roads Dorset Minden Trunk road. Douglas-Denbigh Trunk road Dowling Township roads Draper Township roads Draper-Macaulay townline Dryden Township roads Dungannon Township roads Dunnet Township roads Dymond Township roads Eastnor Township road Elzevir Township road Espanola-Lee Vallej' Trunk road Falconer Township roads Faraday Township roads Fenwick Township roads Ferris Township roads Ferrie Township roads Firstbrook Township roads Foley Township road Franklin Township roads Freeman Township road Frontenac Trunk road Galbraith Township road Galway Township roads Galway and Cavendish Township road, Garson Township roads Gibbons Township roads Garson and McLennan Township road. Gladstone Township roads Glamorgan Township roads -. . . Gordon Township roads Gould Township roads Grant Township roads Grasett Township roads Grattan Township roads Griffith Township roads Gurd Township roads Haddo Township roads Hagar Township roads Hagar Township Boundary road Hagar and Loughrin Township roads. . Hagarty Township roads Hallam Township roads Hanmer Township roads Hardy and McConkey Township roads. Harley Township roads Harris Township roads 78 160 209 320 545 160 156 100 270 '6io 285 103 40 180 120 30 20 287 320 1,125 325 160 570 164 33 26 33 40 130 709 160 160 53 320 270 610 285 m 100 200 120 560 280 207 320 564 820 240 100 420 144 gravel gravel gravel 24 gravel gravel 18 gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel earth 160 85 160 53 285 190 60 640 460 134 280 160 18 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 109. COLONIZATION ROADS BRANCH. MENT, 1922-1923. -Continued. CUT AND FILL MAINTENANCE 0 EXPENDITURE BRIDGES CULVERTS Side- brushed Graded and Shaped SURFACED C 3 z c c 12 ."2 B 3 ."2 'u ."2 'C -H U IS 3 u 0 -C "So c Huntingdon Township roads 17^ Jennings Township roads 174 Jocelyn Township road 17S Johnson Township roads 160 320 80 182 40 50 40 18 160 320 80 182 25 20 14 18 gravel 100 6 320 176 Joly Township roads Kaladar Township roads 177 178 Kehoe Township road gravel 80 6 364 17Q Kennebec Township roads 180 Kerns Township roads 40 270 30 16 25 270 16 12 80 181 Kirkpatrick Township roads . 20 18'> 183 184 185 Laird Township road L'Amable to Maynooth trunk road. . . . Laurier Township roads 160 40 136 35 40 40 160 100 136 160 14 24 14 24 gravel gravel 136 100 6 7 272 200 186 Lavant Township roads gravel i60 10 187 98 188 18Q Lindsay Township roads 100 Lome Township roads 561 160 20 20 16 40 561 160 20 14 14 20 1,132 101 Loudon Township road 107 Loughboro Township road 10^ Loughboro Township Desert Lake road Loughrin Township roads. ... 640 104 105 Louise Township roads 546 40 160 24 500 106 107 573 108 Lutterworth Township roads 40 100 Lyell Township roads 45 57 4 40 25 66 480 57 117 18 12 24 gravel 82 12 425 700 Macaulay Township roads 701 Machar Township roads Madoc Township road 234 ?0? ?03 Mara Township roads gravel 73 7 ?04 Marmora and Lake Township road 205 ?06 Martland Township roads Mason Township roads 1,198 153 16 16 588 109 12 14 gravel gravel 78 102 6 7 208 207 Matchedash Township roads 20 I 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 111 OLONIZATION ROADS BRANCH.— Continued. MENT, 1922-1923. V ■^ CUT AND FILL MAINTENANCE a X Q ■z W y, a , BRIDGES n CULVERTS Q.,^ Graded bide- J SURFACED 1 3 z ^■ll c a 12 a; J^ S 3 z .2 'C 0) 3 tn u O IS 3 U en 2 +j be c o tn ^ s a 21 3 'u 03 en o •a -o o u ti C ■ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 8 9 10 "^nx Mattawan Township roads 106 40 106 15 gravel 80 5 81 ?0Q May Township roads 100 ?,in Mayo Township roads 711 McDonald and Meredith Tp. roads. . . . 717 McKellar Township roads 713 McKim Township roads .... 714 McLean Township road 715 McMurrich Township roads 716 McPherson Township roads 48 14 74 12 gravel 96 6 103 717 Medonte Township roads 48 718 Medcra and Wood Township road Merritt Township roads 650 225 20 22 190 710 160 30 gravel 60 6 15 770 Methuen Township roads 771 Methuen and Lake Township road .... 777 Michipicoten Harbor road 77.S Michipicoten roads 774 Mills Township roads (Manitoulin). . . . 89 775 Mills Township roads (Parry Sound). . . Minden Township road 556 60 45 45 142 112 16 22 120 776 gravel 100 6 17 ??7 Monmouth Township road 60 778 Monteagle and Herschel Tp. roads Monteith Township road 30 40 31 18 ??9 7,sr Morgan Township roads 840 66 630 33 gravel 100 6 790 7.S1 Murchison Township roads 350 737 Muskoka Township roads 115 20 100 12 733 Nairn Township roads 7S4 Neelon Township road 80 240 33 40 80 419 33 16 gravel 80 9 73 S Nipissing Township roads 480 736 Norman Township roads 160 737 Oakley Township roads. 738 Olden Township roads 73Q Orillia Township roads 284 740 Oro Township roads 741 Oso Township roads 747 Pakenham Township roads 80 270 24 18 grave! gravel 660 70 8 9 743 Palmerston Township roads 744 Papineau Township roads 296 745 Parkinson Township roads 746 Patton Township roads 320 360 50 16 42 720 20 14 100 747 Pedley Township roads 180 748 Pembroke Township roads 74Q Pennefather Township roads 132 750 Perry and Bethune Township road .... 751 Perry Chaffey Township road 100 40 80 16 40 757 Petawawa Township roads 753 Phelps Township roads 1,360 40 240 15 80 754 Plummer Township roads 7SS Plummer Add'l Township road 20 756 Prince Township roads 757 Pringle Township roads 7S8 Radcliffe Township roads 100 40 460 300 24 28 gravel gravel 520 400 10 10 20 259 Raglan Township roads 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 113 COLONIZATION ROADS BRANCH— Continued.- MENT, 1922-1923. ■ CUT AND FILL MAINTENANCE w as D H 3 Z W X w 1 BRIDGES CULVERTS Side- Gmded SURFACED u r- 3 11 C a 12 !3 'C 4) XI E 3 .5 3 -v en -a 0 u JS ba c SS >S6 1 20 wood >57 >S8 stone 1,000 2.19 159 114 REPORT OF THE No. 3 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS, ONTARIO Annual State TOWNSHIPS NEW CONSTRUCTION Cleared and Stumped Graded and Shaped tn .^_^ -a (U o &< O X CO -o o u ti c ■D ,^_, T3 O bfl +j bit) C "O C •a rt C 4 ^ S 4) 3 5 6 7 8 Dilke, By-law No. 115. . Draper, By-law No. 421. . Draper, By-law No. 430 (scraper's and drags). Drury, Denison & Graham, By-law No. 215.. Dungannon, By-law No. 93 Dymond, By-law No. 214 (1922) Dymond, By-law No. 218 Dysart, By-law No. 683 Dysart, By-law No. 673 (overseer) Eastnor, By-law No. 64 (1922) Eastnor, By-law No. 78 Eldon, By-law No. 541 Eldon, By-law No. 338 (overseer) (1922) Eldon, By-law No. 545 (gravel) Elzevir, By-law No. 70a Emo, By-law No. 284 Evanturel, By-law No. 146 (1922) Evanturel, By-law No. 153 Faraday, By-law No. 141 Field, By-law No. 54 Freeman, By-law No. 15 Freeman, By-law No. 10 (overseer) Gillies, By-law No. 14 (1922) ( balance) Gillies, By-law No. 22 Glackmeyer, By-law No. 24. Gordon and Allan, By-law No. 174 Grattan, By-law No. 301 (1922) Grattan, By-law No. 319 Hagarty and Richards, By-law No. 141 Hanmer, By-law No. 123 Harley, By-law No. 281 (1922) Harley, By-taw No. 301 Harley, By-law No. 302 Harris, By-law No. 73 (1922) Harris, By-law No. 77 Harvey, By-law No. 375 (1922) Harvey, By-law No. 384 Harvey, By-law No. 378 (grader) (1922) HiUiard, By-law No. 141 (1922) Hilliard, By-law No. 149 Hilton, By-law No. 418 Hims\vorth South, By-law No. 90b Hinchinbrooke, By-law No. 4 Horton, By-law No. 290 Howland, By-law No. 186 Hudson, By-law No. 92 (1922) (balance) Hudson, By-law No. 96 Humphrey, By-law No. 400 Hungerford, By-law No. 277 Huntingdon, By-law No. 455 Jaffray and Melick, By-law No. 124 (1922). . Jaffray and Melick, By-law No. 130 Jocelyn, By-law No. 321 Johnson, By-law No. 120 Joly, By-law No. 184 JKaladar and Anglesea, By-law No. 1 129 218 457 40 520 140 20 1,393 Fire 10 300 1,579 50 350 160 160 389 180 Fire 100 346 20 40 480 865 1,046 40 120 30 10 20 20 10 200 568 2,600 169 940 980 5,404 425 440 1,044 43 892 stroyed 1,860 325 1,200 210 1,620 5,560 420 2,975 180 220 800 960 1,090 100 160 927 3,206 stroyed 150 264 480 475 220 200 40 4,400 660 265 1,088 920 160 475 260 270 18 24 rec 28 16 14 20 gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel ords gravel gravel gravel cind'rs gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel ords gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel gravel 626 796 1,130 284 1,678 1,418 4,276 1,857 2,120 1,677 184 2,370 1,530 523 545 310 665 2,296 972 1,320 540 560 320 1,035 770 170 435 2,116 1,055 650 641 380 775 1,360 502 382 2,400 750 265 415 325 370 1,010 201 365 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 119 COLONIZATION ROADS BRANCH, MUNICIPAL BY-LAWS, 1923— Continued. DITCHED CUT AND FILL BRIDGES CULVERTS o < Q <: o « u o <; a < ■ o OS o ^ B O X (0 O u ■i-> C Oh o X O M in 2 C ft- 0 X 0 u "8 u C 0) la .S <^ 3 rt O ^ S 3 u E 3 c a C/2 .2 0) s 3 .2 0) 03 ai a m S z 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 l.OC 5.00 .40 1.40 1.75 10.00 14.00 1.50 "3;iO 8.50 3.40 1.90 2.00 2.45 4.25 4.60 "4^50 $ c. 483 . 79 1,425.00 1,748.25 460.67 599.32 1,472.92 1,393.64 496.25 250.00 1,000.00 1,300.00 1,250.00 750.00 200.00 600.00 1,200.00 399.95 200.00 1,200.00 66.60 350.00 250.00 400.00 8,812.15 1,000.00 1,500.00 3,385.23 950.00 493 . 50 15.20 1,999.56 236.66 449 . 75 110.12 10.00 1,400.00 1,000.00 497.75 1,439.48 3,726.77 575.00 674.72 99.92 1,549.97 5,137.02 749.00 31.77 2,750.00 1,998.86 2,006.20 1,249.26 1,500.00 1,750.00 899.61 72.50 800.00 167 32 5 9 1 6 15 2 2 13 4 wood stone wood metal cedar cedar tile wood cedar cedar "".25 168 earth clay 4,911 132 169 108 170 171 1,78( stone C.Stone stone earth "'"l5 102 59f 225 2 2 12 10 cedar cedar 172 173 174 175 74 176 177 178 clay 210 2 3 6 3 5 wood wood cedar wood wood ""35 179 180 181 182 stone clay 350 237 183 184 185 186 61 stone clay 40 724 2 11 wood 4 1 cedar stone " " 20 1.25 ""90 28.00 8.00 5.00 40.00 5.25 2.50 187 188 189 1,301 548 earth stone earth rock clay stone 3,123 100 1,069 30 40 50 4 17 wood 51 39 12 11 6 12 wood cedar metal cedar metal cedar 4.00 190 191 150 197 io4 2 16 wood 193 194 85 195 196 40 stone 1,960 1 10 wood 35 wood 4.00 197 198 stone 107 2 concrete 1.40 199 200 201 6.00 3.00 2.50 10.40 8.50 2.20 1.75 .75 5.00 7.00 3.50 202 74 clay 195 5 metal 203 204 290 earth earth 498 2,497 5 11 4 2 cedar metal stone concrete 205 484 206 207 stone 20 208 209 150 earth earth stone 460 200 255 2 7 lb metal tile cedar 210 211 10 212 213 714 earth earth 3,435 875 15 30 5 metal cedar metal . . 7 . 25 214 7.25 7.00 1.50 4.20 9.00 2.75 215 216 40 217 210 gravel 630 9 6 6 cedar cedar cedar 218 219 rock 250 1 12 cedar 220 221 55 6 wood 3.15 222 26,840 133149 68 1,817 42.05 942.32 269,154.52 124 REPORT OF THE No. 3 ^HOOfr>00i>IV30MO00 ^: CN lO CN •^ Ov OO 0\ fO C • • • ^S : ■ : : : ■"*" ? g iS ::::•: «r x; I c . . . . +j . bD (i b«< (u a3 ■ ^ h ^ Z, •^ .&rt^ : 3o£-ti fe.tr M = n3 ._ C O 22 C/3 < ffi C/) Di ►S W 05 U ^ 1 - (M ro •CM tN -^ 0 1^ 10 t^ 10 •* ID ro lO \0 (M 0 vO »-( 0 'i* ID CN On «D ID 00 (^ (M 00 -0 0 tn 'e t^ CM 0 >* 0 0^ •T3 0 tn _4J \0 ■* On 0 en u -Q E 3 ■ C °1 oo_ 00 CQ u 6 3 c ■* 00 On Cut and Fill en 3 t^ On T-H >— 1 00 T3 4) u Q tn T3 0 u 00 0 00^ °° 00 0 0" u tn 0 00 ON irT oT -* 00 o> Graded and Shaped tn 0 ID "-I ID '-I ; oT 0" • 00 00 NO On" NO Cleared , and Stumped tn -v 0 ^_ ^. : NO On <^ ■*" 00 0 < J H < u u Ce5 c a Q a +-J C 2 0 > tn 3 8 c C :^ 1 - (M ro 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 125 Appendix No. 39 Toronto, Ont., October 31st, 1923. To the Honourable James Lyons, Minister of Lands and Forests, Ontario. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you the report on the construction and maintenance of highways and bridges, under the provisions of the Northern and Northwestern Ontario Development Act, 1912, and amendments, during the season ending 31st October, 1923. The "Maintenance Patrol" system on the principal roads, assisted by construction parties where extensive betterments become necessary, has been again followed, with increasing success, a very marked improvement in the general condition of the roads being noticeable during all periods of the open season. Stoney Creek bridge — International Highway. Many of the secondary roads have been extended to meet the requirements of settlement, and the tabulated statement also shows that considerable progress has been made in connecting up and extending trunk roads in practically every district to provide "through routes" as far as possible. Extensive betterments have been made on existing trunk roads, by sur- facing many stretches with crushed stone where gravel was unsuitable or difficult to procure. The surveys referred to in last year's report, which were started with a view to the construction of a road to connect Timiskaming District with the roads in Southern Ontario, have not yet been completed, the survey of the suggested route northwards from Sturgeon Falls and Field, being now arranged for. All of which s respectfully submitted. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, C. H. FULLERTON, Director, Northern Development Branch. 126 REPORT OF THE No. 3 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS, Annual Report of Work Done, Side Brush- ing Cutting Burning Stump- ing and Grubbing Grading Cross Lay Ditch- ing Gravelling L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L ft. L mis. Yards used 1 Algoma District. Trunk Road, Sudbury to Sault Ste. Marie. Sault Ste. Marie to Day Mills, Section I Day Mills to Cutler, Section II Cutler to Copper Cliff Section III Sault Ste. Marie to Garden River '7.0 17.0 20.5 5.5 2 11.5 re re re 92,400 clean 'd 3912 2 5515 3 2650 11715 4 5 Garden River to Echo Bay 3.2 2.5 re re 200 6 Worthington to Vic- toria Mine 4126 7 At Thessalon 8 At river near Massey At Vermillion River. . Q 10 On wes" branch of Blind River 11 At Tyadala Creek . . . 12 Othe Roads — Little Curren — Warencliffe Rd . . . . Lorne-Louise Rd . 4.5 .75 30 .75 .5 .8 30 18 20 3.5 2025 n .5 .2 18 18 .25 14 14 Goudreau Rd 1.14 .5 40 30 3.6 3193 IS Lockalsh Rd 16 St. Joseph's Island & Campement D'Ours. General Maintenance Pine Island Ferry Rd. (Mainland Section) Pine Island Ferry Rd. (St. Joseph's Sec'n) Pine Island Ferry Rd. (Across Pine Is.) 6210 7920 4050 2278 17 .75 66 .75 66 .75 .25 1 33 33 33 .75 .44 1 32 24 24 2701 18 2344 19 .75 66 .75 66 2436 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 127 NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT BRANCH. Year Ending 31st October, 1923. Crushed Rock Drag- ging Miles Gen- eral Rep'rs Culverts Bridges Remarks -a o 1 Stone or Cone. 6 Description Yds. haul- ed L cov- ered Yds. crush- ed Miles 705 M 395 250 516 75 60 82 2 8 1 5 1 tile 4 lengt 2145 c.yd. earth fill. 830 lin. ft. railing; 300' X 6' high masonary wall; 38 c.yd. rock cut; 207 c.yd. stone fill. 1.33 miles clay road cov- ered with sand. Cement leads placed on 5 culverts. 500 c.yd. stone fill. 6 mis. road widened. Overhead crossing widen- ed. 250 c.yd. rock excavation. Cement leads placed on 7 culverts. 900 lin. ft. railing. 53,275 gals. Domtar used in road surface. 1 1 12 3 9 1 Scraped and painted. Scraped and painted. Repaired. 9 ^ 442 3741 6020 6062 3.13 3.1 3.0 4 6020 2 hen ed S 6080 .. 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 110x18 steel bridge with 4' side- walk, partially constructed. 10x20 concrete. Repaired. Pile bridge repair- ed and rock fill replaced. 160' span. 60'xl8'steel bridge on concrete abutments with piled footings. 7 8 26,160 F.B.B. timber used. Q 10 11 1? 4.5 1 32 2 3 Scow built, 14x30. n 14 1.5 60 IS 267 6 1 1 8 4 11 • 16 17 2 1 18 Cribs built and filled for scow landing. 1Q 128 REPORT OF THE No. 3 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS, Annual Report of Work Done, ^ Side Brush- ing Cutting Burning Stump- ing and Grubbing Grading Cross Lay Ditch- ing Gravelling L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L ft. L mis. Yards used 20 Algoma District. — Manitoulin Island. GoreBay-Silverwater- Meldrum Bay Rd . . 4.5 50 4.5 50 4 30 10.5 2.38 4.25 .7 re re re re 6.25 3.5 8.25 .8 .06 1 4.3 6.25 4.8 2.75 6458 21 Gore Bay-Kagawong Road 2673 22 Gore Bay-Providence Bay Rd .5 .25 .25 24 8823 23 Providence Bay- M indemoya-West Bay Rd . 495 984 24 West Bay-Sheguindah Road 151 25 Little Current-Mani- towaning Rd .75 .5 30 66 .75 30 .5 .5 .75 20 30 10 1 1.63 .8 28 26 re 771 26 Little Current-West Bay Road Manitowaning- Mindemoya Rd . . . West Bay-Kagawong Roa 1 1.0 1.4 3400 27 100 4474 28 3718 29 Little Current-Espan- ola Road 14.75 1.26 1.12 1.3 1.42 66 66 66 66 66 10.75 1.26 66 66 13.75 1.25 1.6 1.5 .12 1.14 2,i 30 24 30 13.25 30 1183 2186 ^0 Cochrane- Porcu- pine District. Blount Township . SI Brower Township. . . . Calder Township 3.5 .12 24 17757 5260 268 400 100 12044 30100 810 ^9 ss Calvert Township . . . 1.42 66 .5 155 M Clergue Township . . . Clute Township Fournier Township 1 2 .5 2 .2 1 1 re 2^ 26 24 re SS 2 1 5.5 26 30 .03 10 36 2 4.55 66 66 2 6.55 66 66 37 Fox Township .5. S8 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 129 NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT BRANCH— Continued. Year Ending 3 1st October, 1923. Crushed Rock Drag- ging Gen- eral Rep'rs Culverts Bridges Remarks O o Stone or Cone. ■(-> d Description Yds. haul- ed L cov- ered Yds. crush- ed Miles Miles 7663 7663 3.25 40 12 28 30 5 6 2 re 7 5 2 1 3 3 re 2 3 43 10 420 c.yd. stone fill. 375 c.yd. rock exca. 900 c.yd. earth and stone fill. 300 c.yd. clay fill. 100 c.yd. stone fill. 1290 c.yd. stone fill. 168 c.yd. clay fill. 200 c.yd. clay fill. 450 c.yd. stone fill. 60 c.yd. earth fill. ^0 '>! paired 79 5 7S ''4 22 38 7 20 2 75 96 paired 77 98 5 1 1 2 1 1 1 Timber-cribbed piers. 114x18x6 18x18x5 18x16x4 30x18x4 36x18x5 5551 c.yd. rock excav. 4184 c.yd. earth excav. 578 c.yd. rock fill. 26125 c.yd. earth fill. 99 30 1.4 i.5 2 33 29 re 15 4 paired 1 1 1 1 Repaired. 20x5x17 20x6x17 Repaired. 3680 c.yd. clay used in road surfacing. 5288 c.yd. cut and fill. 950 ft. lin. corduroy re- moved. 2610 ft. lin. creek cleared. 100 c.yd. rock in cribs. 60 c.yd. muskeg excav. 31 32 4 2 2 33 2 2 13 30 3 34 1 1 160x14 Repaired. 335 c.yd. clay used in road surfacing. 35 2 1 36 2288 c.yd. muskeg excav. 210 c.yd. earth fill 37 7 38 5 L.F. 130 REPORT OF THE No. 3 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS, Annual Report of Work Done, Side Brush- ing Cutting Burning Stump- ing and Grubbing Grading Cross Lay Ditch- ing Gravelling L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L ft. L mis. Yards used SQ COCHRANE-PORCU- piNE District. — Continued. Glackmeyer Twp .... 1.5 66 1.5 66 .5 33 1.5 re 1.2 910 40 Hanna Township.. . . 41 Kennedy Township . . Lamarche Township . Leitch Township .... 2 4.5 .93 1. .73 4 2 3 66 66 66 66 66 66 .93 33 .93 1 1 .73 3 2 3 3.5 33 33 24 33 33 33 33 33 .01 10 8500 11045 4'' 2 re 1.6 1365 .73 4 2 3 66 66 66 £6 4^ 44 McCart Township . . . 46840 6562 7800 44880 5280 .25 ioo 4S Mountjoy Township. .5 16 364 '16 Newmarket Twp .... 47 Pyne Township -18 Township Bou: dary Lines. Blount-Glackmeyer . . • .25 25 .25 25 3.25 2 re re 4Q Blount-Leitch SO Brower-Glackmeyer. . SI Brower-Fox S'> Brower-Kennedy . . . 940 SS Brower-Lamarche . . . 1.25 .56 844 54 Brower, North Boundary 447 ss Calder-Clute . .9 66 550 900 56 Calder-Colquohoun . . Calvert-Clergue Clute-Fournier 3 2 2.25 2 33 33 .75 24 S7 58 5 1.02 3 re 30 re 264 3722 .63 472 5Q Clute-Ottaway 1.06 66 60 Clute-Glackmeyer . . .13 SO 61 Fotrnier-Lamarche . 6^ German-Matheson . . . 63 Glackmeyer- Lamarche 4 4 3.66 4.27 re re 26 re 3.2 1.62 pairs 13.62 2122 64 Paymaster Road .... 2905 65 Timmins-Iroquois Falls Trunk Road . 5.5 .5 .26 26 33 Gen'l r 133572 669 12519 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 131 NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT BRANCH— Continue i. Year Ending 31st October, 1923. Crushed Rock Drag- ging Gen- eral Rep'rs C ulverts -a 1. Stone or Cone. 4) Yds. haul- ed L cov- ered Yds. crush- ed Miles Miles Bridges Description Remarks 20x16 (Pole), Rebuilt. 430 c.yd. clay fill. 3.25 Repaired. 18x10x5 35x16 47x16. . . . Repaired. 30' span. 1695 c.yd. clay fill. 1350 ft. lineal creek cleared and widened. 700 c.yd. cut and fill. 16 14x12x12 40x16 (Temp.) Abitibi Ferry repaired and re-installed. 880 ft. lineal corduroy removed. 940 ft. lineal creek cleared. 5000 c.yd. cut and fill. 5500 c.yd. cut and fill. 15 At Frederick- house. 215 c.yd. rock fill. 3963 c.yd. earth fill. 3832 ft. lineal creek cleared 121 c.yd. rock in bridge piers. 660 ft. lineal corduroy re moved. 3442 c.yd. cut and fill. 12473 821 12473 1 2.25 16 16.25 28 18 11 17 Completed (from last year). 251 c.yd. clay over muskeg 29744 c.yd. cut and fill. 1 . 13 mis. crosslay removed. 288 ft. concrete pipe made and installed. 2907 c.yd. rock excav. 132 REPORT OF THE No. 3 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS, Annual Report of Work Done, Side Brush- ing Cutting Burning Stump- ing and Grubbing Grading Cross Lay Ditch- ing Gravelling L mis. W ft. L m,ls. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L ft. L mis. Yards used 66 cochrane-porcu- pineDistrict. — Continue:. River Road west across Lots 3 to 10, Mountjoy 5.5 re 1790 .5 5.58 402 67 Latchford-Cochrane Rd. (Monteith to Cochrane) ........ •5.5 2 1.25 1.0 1.55 33, 40 18 35 33 3806 68 Monteith- Iroquois Falls Road Dryden District. Aubrey Township . . . Browning Road 7 1.25 2.25 10.0 24 26 24 22 re .35 .01 14 18 9655 11645 69 1.48 2.25 66 2.0 2.25 66 47 70 1.75 3.5 1400 71 Dryden-Richan Road Eton Township 2.25 4.5 1.5 1.25 66 66 66 1 1.5 1.25 .36 .5 1.75 1. 3.75 .75 2.5 .25 1. 3.25 66 66 66 20 66 66 66 66 66 66 id, 40 66 1.5 1.5 1.25 33 33 33 5.0 2.25 .5 .75 1.25 24 re 22 24 24 55431 16457 2200 2108 79 73 Eton-bandford Boundary 74 Eton-Wainwright Boundary Finn Settlement Rd.. .36 .5 400 7S .5 1.5 1. 3.75 .75 2.5 66 66 66 66 66 66 .5 1.75 33 33 .25 3 1.5 2 2.5 22 re 24 22 22 675 2755 800 13234 76 77 Ignace-Ossaquin Rd . Melgund Township. . .5 .08 16 .5 1267 78 Mutrie Township. . . . 3.75 .75 2.5 .25 2.8 33 33 33 33 40 1.25 16 70 McLean Creek Rd. . . 80 Mining Road 2.5 1.47 24 22 81 Rice Lake Road Rice Lake School Rd. Rugby Township. 1.69 1175 1.5 960 82 3.25 66 8S 5759 59836 10955 84 Sandford Township . . South west Quibell Road .85 .5 2.5 66 60 .5 4.75 1.5 1.25 66 60 ii 66 .5 4. 33 33 1.0 2.25 4.5 24 24 re .25 .08 16 18 85 1.5 721 86 Vanhorne Township.. Vermiliion-Quibell Rd Vermillion-Dinorwic Rd. (General) Eagle River to Dry- den Section Dryden to Wabigoon Section .5 .56 .60 87 1.25 66 1.25 35 1.75 24 438 1.75 1450 88 1022 89 ■■ .18 25 132893 12.3 5.5 9733 90 5900 91 Wabigoon- Dinorwic 6.5 .25 66 66 3.5 1.0 66 66 5.5 1.13 35 33 3.25 .88 24 24 .06 16 8705 09 Wabigoon Township . 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 133 NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT BRANCH— Continued. Year Ending 31st October, 1923. Crushed Rock Drag- ging Gen- eral Rep'rs Culverts Bridges Remarks G O Stone or Cone. d 2 Description Yds. haul- ed L cov- ered Yds. crush- ed Miles Miles 10 3 16 29 66 13 5 "l" 1 6 1000 c.yd. clay fill. 4090 c.yd. cut and fill. 90 yds. lineal fencing and guard rail. 9002 c.yd. clay covering swamps. 906 c.yd. earth fill. 67 1 Timber. 68 60 70 2 10 8 5 2 9 3 3 9 1 6 8 1 Temporary. 710 c.yd. cut and fill. 6423 c.yd. earth fill, • 71 7? 7^ 74 4 5 7S 1 12x5x18 1713 c.yd, earth and gravel fill. 533 c.yd. earth fill. 10755 c.yd. clay covering corduroy. 76 77 78 70 80 1833 c.yd. clay covering swamp. 81 8? 83 1 4 84 1100 c.yd, cut and fill. 2742 c.yd. clay covering swamp. 1071 c.yd. cut and fill, 277 c.yd, fill. 8S 86 8 146 2 2 2 87 88 475 cyd. rock excav, 3 1 1 cyd. rock and clay fill. 80 00 24 7 1916 cyd, earth fill, 9000 cyd. clay covering swamp. 293 c.yd. clay covering rock, 1333 c.yd, earth fill. 01 0? 134 REPORT OF THE No. 3 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS, Annual Report of Work Done, Side Brush- ing Cutting Burning Stump- ing and Grubbing Grading Cross Lay Ditch- ing Gravelling L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L ft. L mis. Yards used 93 Dryden District.— Continued. Wainwright Twp .... Wainwright-Zealand Boundary 2 .5 66 .25 .5 1.5 33 66 42 .2 .5 2.0 .75 12 35 35 35 1.5 3.5 1.75 1.0 24 re 24 24 2580 2400 5500 Q4 Q.S Zealand Township . . . 1.25 66 1.25 66 Q6 Englehart District Armstrong Township. Bayly Township Bryce Township Q7 1.25 Q8 QQ Chamberlain Twp. . . 100 Dack Township 200 101 Evanturel Township. 2.5 re .5 488 10? Ingram Township. . . 103 Kittson Township. . . 1 18 1 .17 16 26 1.5 16 50 104 Marter Township. . . . 10S Robillard Township. . 300 106 Savard Township .... 1 3 20 20 .07 84 107 Sharpe Township. . . . 108 Township Boundaries Armstrong-Evanturel Bryce-Robillard 100 110 Chamberlain-Pacaud . Chamberlain-Savard . 111 1 re 1.5 1544 117 Dack-Evanturel 51 113 Dack- Robillard 1. 1900 114 Evanturel-Igram. . . . IIS Evanturel-Marter. . . 116 Robillard-Savard. . . . 1.25 1838 117 Robillard-Truax 1. .75 5. re re re 2200 2000 700 118 Trunk Roads. Charlton-Elk Lake.. . .5 24 .75 4.5 365 110 Charlton-Englehart. . 1069 2790 1725 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 135 NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT BRANCH— Continued. Year Ending 31st October, 1923 Crushed Rock Drag- ging Gen- eral Rep'rs Culverts Bridges Remarks -a o Stone or Cone. a; 6 Description Yds. haul- ed L cov- ered Yds. crnsh- ed Miles Miles 10 7 7 2 . 25 mis. creek cleared. 3497 c.yd. earth fill. 8976 c.yd. earth fill. 1277 c.yd. clay and sand covering swamp. 3000 c.yd. clay covering swamp. 93 94 1 95 5 96 8 3 97 12 2 24 101 5 98 99 3 2 5 re paired 1 2 30' span. 36' span. 517 c.yd. clay fill. 600 ft. lineal corduroy re- moved. 254 c.yd. clay fill. 100 9 101 102 1 2 103 4 59 . 45 mis. covered with 528 c.yd. of sand and clay. 618 c.yd. filling. .43 mis. covered with 375 c.yd. of clay. 204 c.yd. rubble wall. 2220 c.yd. hill cutting. 104 6 1 3 re 10 105 2.5 106 paired 107 10 25 108 109 3.5 4 110 15 7 15 1 6 1067 c.yd. hill cutting. 1333 c.yd. fill. 900 c.yd. clay fill. 111 .5 6 1 1 1 1 100' span steel on concrete abut- ments. 20' span. 112 113 114 115 1 30' span. 116 3 21 245 c.yd. clay fill. 963 c.yd. field stone for roads. 8010 c.yd. cut and fill. 532 c.yd. concrete end walls on culverts. 117 .5 On- hills 1 1 Cedar, 16x8 60' span. 118 4 3 19 119 136 REPORT OF THE No. 3 DtPARlMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS, Annual Report of Work Done, Side Brush- ing Cutting Burning Sturr\p- ing and Grubbing Grading Cross Lay Ditch- ing Gravelling L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L ft. L mis. Yards used 1?0 Englehart District — Continued. Latchford- Cochrane. Cobalt to New Lis- keard Section New Liskeard to Englehart Section.. Englehart to Kruger- dorf Section .8 1.5 re re 1382 1^1 1206 i.5 ...... 4.5 .75 1205 1368 122 1070 3225 1?3 South Lorrain Road. . Hearst District. Casgrain Township . . Eilber Township .... 3.85 .16 .49 66 .49 1.25 2.60 66 21 18 1.98 .92 3.75 1.38 33 12 12 30 10.96 2.16 .16 re re 30 37478 10390 4688 P4 591 1?S .75 2.75 4.25 66 66 66 1'76 Hanlan Township. . . Kendall Township . . . 2.8 2.5 2.3 3.58 3 66 6 66 30 31982 19098 1?7 2.3 3.58 .75 6 30 30 .58 26 8.35 6469 P8 Lowther Township. . 1?0 Way Township. ..... 1.5 66 i^n Township Boundaries. Casgrain-Hanlan .... Casgrain- Kendall 3 3 6 3 6 2746 1S1 n? Kendall- Way. . . .75 3 9.75 3 3 4.8 1.75 .75 1.5 3.0 1 66 30 66 28 5 66 30 30 66 66 30 1.5 5.3 3 3 1.5 1.5 3.34 .75 30 30 5 33 5 24 30 30 .13 re 500 1S^ Lowther- Way n4 Trunk Road along Can. Nat. Rly.... Kafuskasing Dist. Fauquier Township. . O'Brien Township. . . 1 1.5 9.75 2.3 66 66 .13 .6 1.59 re 28 26 42854 .16210 23960 ns n6 n? 2.25 .75 66 66 n8 Shackleton Township Township Boundaries. Fauquier-O'Brien 1 30 11355 7810 ISQ 140 Fauquier- Machin .5 66 1 2 2 4.25 5.12 3. 66 30 24 66 66 66 2 .3 2 1.6 30 24 5 30 141 Fauquier- Nansen. . . . Haggart-Shackleton . 2 10045 14'' 4.25 2.38 .5 3.5 66 66 66 66 I^IS 144 145 Owens- Williamson. . . 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 137 NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT BRANCH— Continued. Year Ending 31st October, 1923. Crushed Rock Drag- ging Miles Gen- eral Rep'rs Culverts Bridges Remarks T3 O o Stone or Cone. 6 Z Description Yds. haul- ed L cov- ered Yds. crush- ed Miles 9 10 26 13 1 Repaired. 1175 c.yd. fill. Vz mile corduroy removed 170 34 1 16 1 re 4 2 PI 1 Temporary. 1?9 19 paired 112 193 4.5 2 30' span. 3065 c.yd. fill. 3304 c.yd. clay surfacing. 1?4 P'> 5 3 2 re 1 1 1 12' long. 198' long. 72' long. 1?6 2.25 2962 c.yd. rock and clay fill. 177 paired 2 1?8 1 72' long. 610 c.yd. clay fill. 179 no 3 75 m 1 1 692 clyd. clay surfacing.. . 137 ]^^ 9.25 1 1 re 25 31 2 re built 7 1 1 30' span. Temporary. 7684 c.yd. clay surface on 6.7 mis. 1605 c.yd. clay fill. n4 ns paired 1 136 137 138 130 140 7 141 14? 143 144 145 138 REPORT OF THE No. 3 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS, Annual Report of Work Done, Side Brush- ing Cutting Burning Stump- ing and Grubbing Grading Cross Lay Ditch- ing Gravelling L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L ft. L mis. Yards used 146 147 Kapuskasing Dist.— Continued. Trunk Road along Can. Nat. Rly Kenora District. Charlesbois Road .... 3 5.75 1.03 .5 66 16 to 36 40 5.75 .50 3 1.19 .88 66 36 24 16 to 36 35 1.75 .50 1.19 .74 30 36 16 to 36 35 .5 7.97 1.83 24 30 16 & 18 .10 .41 .30 16 18 16 21220 12500 669 9.77 4 6715 1630 3878 148 East Melick Road. Pelletier Bridge Diversion 140 Jaffray Township. . . . .5 3 602 150 Keewatin-Manitoba Boundary Road . . . .87 .22 2.3 1.63 20 36 24 24 3500 400 11080 3237 900 2500 22440 3946 151 Kenora-Keewatin Rd. Norman Diversion) Kenora- Redditt Road Pellatt Road .06 66 IS'? 1.01 1.5 2.7 33 50 55 .05 .17 18 20 .25 .25 "3" 4 1.75 1.4 200 1S^ 4. .19 3.03 10 66 40 270 244 154 1SS Pellatt Road, Lac Lulu Branch. . West Melick Road. . . 5.75 40 .19 5.03 33 40 .19 5.53 22 24 .31 18 2000 2600 588 1S6 Matheson District. Beatty Township .... 2.5 2.5 2 1.9 .95 1.25 1.5 6 5 1.93 1.5 re 24 20 24 20 22 16 re 20 22 7752 2284 910 371 1197 1S7 Benoit Township. . . .75 .65 2.0 66 66 66 1.5 .75 .5 2.0 1. .88 2. 26 66 66 66 26 66 66 1.5 .32 .65 1.25 1. .75 3 .5 1.7 1 26 33 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 1S8 Bowman Township . '. .4 .1 350 1SQ Carr Township . . 126 160 Clergue Township . 161 Currie Township . .88 3 .75 6.5 6 4.75 1.5 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 1 3 3.75 1 1 20 22 24 20 22 2246 3200 16"? Hislop Township 16^ Maisonville Twp . . 164 Playfair Township . . .75 .25 2.0 2.5 1. 2. re 20 re 20 24 re .38 314 16S Stock Township . 1 3.5 4.25 1.5 26 66 66 66 5372 8609 Taylor Township . . . . .5 •166 5 1.5 2. 26 re 26 167 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 139 NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT BRANCH— Continued. Year Ending 31st October, 1923. Crushed Rock Drag- ging Gen- eral Rep'rs Culverts Bridges Remarks -a u o Stone or Cone. 6 Description Yds. haul- ed L cov- ered Yds. crush- ed Miles Miles 4 8 2 5 36 7 re 4 paired 2 14 1 Repaired. 6135 c.yd. cut and fill. 146 147 148 3 3 1 400 c.yd. rock excav. 1000 c.yd. rock excav. 2710 c.yd. rock excav. .22 mis. covered with 585 c.yd. cinders. 3284 c.yd. rock excav. r 149 2 1 35 19 1 16x18 1.50 151 10 4 IS? 4 35 IS'? ..1 1 16x18 135x18 (Pole). 2500 ft. lineal fencing. 1500 c.yd. rock excav. 1S4 1SS 4 2.5 11 19 16 17 7 1636 c.yd. clay. ISrt 1S7 2 4 1 1 1 Repaired. Repaired. 50' long. 1000 c.yd. cut and fill. 500 c.yd. clay surfacing. 200 c.yd. clay fill. 500 c.yd. clay surfacing. 1S8 4 159 160 30 35 1 5x16x18 1092 c.yd. clay surfacing. 921 c.yd. clay surfacing. 161 16? \6^ 1 Repaired. 791 c.yd. clay fill. 1460 c.yd. clay surfacing. 1929 c.yd. clay surfacing. 164 2 23 16S 2 2 16' span. 17' span. 166 167 140 REPORT OF THE No. 3 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS, Annual Report of Work Done, Side Brush- ing Cutting Burning Stump- ing and Grubbing Grading Cross Lay Ditch- ing Gravelling L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L ft. L mis. Yards used 168 Matheson District — Continued. Township Boundaries. Beatty-Carr 1.78 66 1.78 66 1.78 26 .25 re 48 160 Bond-Stock .5 1.25 709 800 170 Bowman-Currie Bowman-Hislop 1.25 2.0 re 18 171 172 Trunk Roads, etc. Hattie Road, Beatty Township 2 2 45 66 2 45 2 2 24 33 2 2.5 5 24 re 28 245 380 1 9.4 673 17^ Latchford-Cochrane Road 3773 174 Ramore — Lightning Ri er Road 175 Monteith-Shillington Road 5.0 1.5 4.1 d 2404 176 Munro Road 2 2 re 24 300 300 cleane 890 177 Shillington-Porcupine Road 3.5 630 2530 178 MusKOKA District. Gravenhurst-Bala- Parry Sound Rd . . . 170 Huntsville-Dwight Road .75 .06 2 .5 55 40 10 22.5 2.6 323 re 20 re 1588 32620 13.25 180 Severn-North Bay Rd Utterson-Rosseau- Parry Sound Road. NlPISSING-SuDBURY- Renfrew Dist. Balfour-Dowling Boundary and be- tween Cons. II and III in both Twps. . 20060 181 1 66 182 1.25 24 2 24 2840 60 183 Gold Nugget Mine Road, Street and Scadding Twps . . . 4.5 22 184 Monte Rouleau Road 1.25 16 200 1.5 1100 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 141 NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT BRANCH— Continued. Year Ending 31st October, 1923. Crushed Rock Drag- ging Gen- eral Rep'rs Culverts Bridges Remarks T3 O O Stone or Cone. 6 Description Yds. haul- ed L cov- ered Yds. crush- ed Miles Miles 1 • 229 c.yd. clay surfacing. 168 169 2 4 re 10 23 12 3375 c.yd. clay surfacing. 170 paired 171 3 1 17? 7 1 1 1 2 1 1 45' span. 15' span. 60' span pole covered. 50' span pole covered. 15' span pole covered. 12' span pole covered. 800 c.yd. clay surfacing. 9 acres, cutting to widen narrow parts of winter road, length, 20 miles. 173 174 21 17S 3 6 2800 c.yd. clay fill. 543 c.yd. clay surfacing. . 176 25 2.5 1 1 Floating bridge 160' long. Concrete, 24x10x6 177 178 2 3 4 re 1 paired 23 21 2489 c.yd. rock fill. 16,258 c.yd. earth fill. 1500 c.yd. earth excav. 3462 c.yd. rock in Rip Rap 290 c.yd. clay surfacing. 392 c.yd. earth and stone fill. 179 31539 31814 10.63 492 43.25 180 181 10 18? Winter road. 18^ 184 142 REPORT OF THE No. 3 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS, Annual Report of Work Done, Side Brush- ing Cutting Burning Stump- ing and Grubbing Grading Cross Lay Ditch- ing Gravelling L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft L mis. W ft L mis. W ft L ft. L mis. Yards used 185 NlPISSING-SuDBURY- Renfrew District — Continued. North Bay-Pembroke Road. Section I, North Bay- Callander .5 2 .54 66 .54 66 .54 35 .75 re 13200 14.5 405 186 Section II, Callander- Mattawa 10977 187 Section III, Mattawa- Klocks 4093 2973 188 Section IV, Klocks- Mackeys .5 .75 9 1.25 45 66 8.8 45 9 2.5 30 24 11.6 .75 24 18 895 1.2 1105 180 Section V, Mackeys- Chalk River Section VI, Chalk River- Petewawa . . . 233 190 9.5 66 8.5 66 9.6 24 11.8 24 .05 10 788 1750 30347 138 14890 1.2 867 191 Section VII, Pete- wawa Pembroke . . . North Bay-Sudbury Road North Bay-Widdifield Road .5 34.5 .2 5 8 io.'e' 1541 IP? .25 .2 1 2 12 20 20 15 34 1.88 2.5 3.5 10 re 20 20 18 rt 6708 193 .2 30 7449 1782 194 St. Charles-Noelville Road 1.75 66 5998 195 Sturgeon Falls-Smoky Falls Road 30 196 Sturgeon Falls-Field Road 4.25 6 39 42.5 .6 10 8 re re re 20 re 18 8625 7800 4250 3.1 7.5 6.1 2153 197 Sudbury-Azilda- Chelmsford-Larch- wood Road Sudbury-Capreol- Milnet Road Warren-St. Charles Road 5895 198 4.5 1 40 .25 .5 40 24 .2 12 1124 4823 199 167 ?00 West Shining TreeRd. 2 .15 16 4.9 3914 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 143 NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT BRANCH—Continued. Year Ending 31st October, 1923. Crushed Rock Drag- ging Miles Gen- eral Rep'rs Culverts Bridges Remarks - -a o o Stone or Cone. a; 6 Description Yds. haul- ed L cov- ered Yds. crush ed Miles 6269 6269 1.77 61 8.5 4 1 150 ft. lineal cement tile drain. IRS 1 Temporary 30' span. 186 240 132 14.5 24 16.5 67 35 25 6 10 40 c.yd. filling. 1781 c.yd. rock excav. 14543 c.yd. earth fill. 2773 c.yd. loose stone re- moved from roadway. 187 46 2 188 189 .1 9 2 CO 2 re I 49 1 1 24 vered paired 10 1 1847 c.yd. cinders surfac- ing. 10660 c.yd. fill. 190 1 1 191 4898 3326 2.65 1 1 60' span. 3x5x18, concrete. 1726 c.yd. fill. 252 c.yd. rock excav. 424 ft. lineal retaining wall. 322 c.yd. stone in Rip Rap 4057 c.yd. filling. 584 c.yd. stone in Rip Rap. 192 466 54.8 5 74 5 4 193 5 194 19S 4 30.5 69 546 c.yd. stone and clay filling. 300 c.yd. rock excav. 679 c.yd. gravel. 1077 c.yd. slag. 219 c.yd. cinders and 139 c.yd. rock used in gen- eral repairs to Sudbury- Murray Mine Section. 30 c.yd. rock excav. 566 c. yd. rock filling. 6650 c.vd. rock excav. Ill c.yd. rock fill. 196 11 9 12 2 CO 16 5 re 2 56 3 vered 2 paired 197 1 2 1 3x12x100 corduroy. [Repaired. 33' span. 198 199 ?00 144 REPORT OF THE No. 3 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS Annual Report of Work Done, Side Brush- ing Cutting Burning Stump- ing and Grubbing Grading Cross Lay Ditch- ing Gravelling L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L ft. L mis. Yards used '>01 Parry Sound Dist. Booth Road 3.0 3.0 1290 90'' Burk's Falls-Mag- netawan Road .... Chisholm-North Bay Road .90 66 1.41 66 1.00 3.475 33 22 5178 1829 203 1796 ''04 Emsdale- Parry Sound Road 1.20 .16 40 35 .50 1.50 .50 .50 40 25 30 35 1.60 .75 20 re 5561 3.00 3.50 12.0' ''OS Parry Sound-Mag- netawan Road .... Road from Parry Sound to June, of Bala&RosseauRds Powassan-Chisholm Road 1228 206 1.41 .50 66 .20 66 .30 24 10.225 7.0 16 re 57328 747 3400 1529 13960 3840 26123 10 1793 207 920 ''08 Powassan-N ipissi ng- Restoule Road .. . . Cross over road from Powassan-Loring Rd. to Trout Creek- Loring Road Twp. of Pringle Severn-North Bay Trunk Rd.-(Novar- Callander Section) . Sundridge-Magnet- awan Road Trout Creek-Loring Road 1371 5 209 1.23 .9 30 24 1.5 60.16 .125 1.00 2 0 3.90 1.17 21.25 24 re 22 30 re 23 18 re 7961.5 210 34.50 ■■7.' 50 1.5 3.08 .1 2.2 .1 9583 ''11 5486 2018 917 .40 1.97 .32 66 40 1.92 66 3.63 1.31 30 33 2241 213 Rainy River Dist. Barnhart Road Car- penter Township . . 995 214 Barwick Consolidated Sch. Route, Twps. of Dobie and Shen- ton and Bdy. Line.. Barwick to Black Hawk .92 .13 4.0 1.0 30 .40 30 2.41 2.0 20 re .09 10 1953 215 63 216 Black Hawk to Deer 1420 217 Black Hawk to Fin- land Road 2.0 66 2,0 12 2.0 2.0 1.42 20 20 20 1073 61 218 B urr iss-Carpenter Boundary Burriss Consolidated Scho*ol Road 2.0 219 2.0 40 1.0 40 2.0 40 .1 9 3650 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 145 NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT BRANCH— Continued Year Ending 3 1st October, 1923. Crushed Rock Drag- ging Gen- eral Rep'rs Culverts Bridges Remarks o Stone or Cone. CO 6 Description Yds. laul- ed L cov- ered Yds. crush- ed Miles Miles ?01 9.875 6.18 47 80269 c.yd. earth fill. 10454 c.yd. earth excav. 701 ^0^ 14 5 982 c.yd. earth fill. 162 c.yd. earth excav. 487 c.yd. Rip Rap. 704 4 56 3 7 27 51 10 70 70S 233 c.yd. rock excav. 706 8.50 39.0 2.10 356.00 2.0 47.07 24 18 44 3.00 8.5 35.25 6.5 5.0 707 170 c.yd. earth fill. 1839 c.yd. Rip Rap. 6827 c.yd. fill. 4168 c.yd. excav. 1868 c.yd. earth fill. 3.33 c.yd. rock excav. 672 c.yd. earth fill. 53 c.yd. rock excav. 63303 c.yd. fill. 34042 c.yd. excav. 396 c.yd. gravel fill. 648 c.yd. Rip Rap. 708 709 9 1 2 1 90' concrete and steel. 10' reinforced concrete. 7' reinforced concrete. 710 711 2 20' span. 71? 213 3 16 214 215 716 14 ?17 f- ?18 12 USOc.yd. clay fill. ?19 146 REPORT OF THE No. 3 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS, Annual Report of Work Done, Side Brush- ing Cutting Burning Stump- ing and Grubbing Grading Cross Lay Ditch- ing Gravelling L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L ft. L mis. Yards used 990 Rainy River Dist. — Continued. Carpenter School Rd. Crozier Road Dance Road, Burriss .78 28 726 2500 2178 991 1.0 2.0 .76 2.65 5.35 31.49 1.00 .13 1272 222 .35 36 494 223 Devlin Road, Burriss 1702 994 Emo-Off Lake Road. Fort Frances-Rainy River Road .925 16.88 4554 17928 3426 225 2.25 .50 1.0 30 12 30 15.125 1.125 .21 .31 re 20 20 20 20957 996 1.25 60 600 227 Gameland School Rd., Pratt Township 50 228 Howse Road, Lash 1.2 66 .25 32 4000 99Q Indian Mission Road. La Vallee Road, La Vallee Village, north and south. . . McCrosson-Pratt 2.63 1.45 1806 230 .25 1.0 16 1485 3960 943 231 .73 66 .78 20 9^9 McGinnis Creek Rd ..2.2 1393 9^^ Mine Centre Road.. . 7.0 3900 3712 5774 8745 .535 323 9^4 9SS Nelles Pattullo Bdy .03 20 .34 220 ''S(S Pattullo-Tait Bdy . . . River Road, Ayles- worth Township . . . School Rd., Atikokan Sleeman-BerglandRd. Sleeman-BerglandRd. Minahico-Morson .50 1.75 237 .83 539 ''^S .40 20 1530 9^0 3.409 1.64 1.70 2884 240 1.0 66 .67 1.37 16 33 1.03 20 3630 1485 1055 ''41 Spohn Trunk Road. . Spohn River Road . . . Stratton Con. School Route, MorleyTwp Stratton-Sifton Road and North Br. Rd. Tank Road 8.0 1.0 2.25 .003 10 1055 949 1.0 1.0 1.0 .75 .50 1.70 1.25 2.75 .50 16 33 20 20 30 30 12 20 24 1.524 2.09 1.46 .16 .75 .25 2.25 2.0 .42 20 20 20 30 20 20 re re 243 2.09 .50 66 60 2.18 3.51 4.28 1407 244 .01 16 11082 7525 1555 2246 '''IS 2.0 2.0 66 66 2789 246 West Branch Road, 217 Wilson Creek Road . . Worthington-Atwood 2.75 248 249 Worthington-Dilke Boundary Swastika-Elk Lake District. Barry HoUinger Mine Road .50 250 3700 298 .5 480 ''SI Charlton-Elk LakeRd 3.14 re 200 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 147 NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT BRANCH—Continued. Year Ending 31st October, 1 23. Crushed Rock Drag- ging Gen- eral Rep'rs Culverts Bridges Remarks O o Stone or Cone. re 6 Description Yds. haul- ed L cov- ered Yds. c rush- ed Miles Miles . . 1 ??0 6 18 ??1 ??? ??3 250 2179 3 36 5 2 1 1 1 1 175 c.yd. clay fill. 2212 c.yd. earth fill. ??4 2 Repaired. ??,S ??6 ??7 800 c.yd. earth fill. 300 c.yd. clay fill. ??8 138 3.0 ??9 • ?^(\ ?^i ?3? 2 ?^3 • ?34 1 6 27 1 ?3S 200 c.yd. earth fill. 60 c.yd. earth fill. ?36 1 1 2 5 ?37 'y^R 100 40 78 110 c.yd. clay fill. 25 c. yd. earth excav. 2 c.yd. earth fill. 200 c.yd. clay fill. 300 c.yd. earth fill. ?39 740 741 6 1 4 6 U? 743 32 8.5 744 2 1 Repaired. 12' span. 745 200 c.yd. earth fill. ^46 2 747 748 1 15 749 1160 1 '?S0 409 c.yd. rock and clay fill. 7S1 148 REPORT OF THE No. 3 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS Annual Report of Work Done, Side Brush- ing Cutting Burning Stump- ing and Grubbing Grading Cross Lay Ditch- ing L ft. Gravelling L mis. W ft. L mjs. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. Yards used '>S2 Swastika-Elk Lake DisT. — Continued. Dane-Larder Lake Rd. Dane-Larder LakeRd. Branch to Argonaut Mine 1 8 re 253 .01 12 900 254 Elk Lake-Gowganda Road Elk Lake-Matache- wan Road Goodfish Road . . 15 3.5 6 .25 .7 5.3 15.65 .5 3.8 9.7 .11 re 20 24 re 18 to 26 18 24 22 2574 150 302 13200 7553 145 24274 100 3432 760 3990 3069 7885 2725 2SS 1 3.25 30 66 1 3.25 30 66 5.15 3.25 .15 .28 .06 1.0 .1 1.75 .5 .8 1.14 16 2,2, 26 15 50 26 66 2i 26 20 40 '>56 .5 cleane 3.75 497 257 Latchwood-Cochrane Road .5 4.5 1 1.8 .5 1.7 66 66 26 66 1 .63 .5 .51 66 66 26 20 .18 10 d 3067 ''S8 Marquis Township Roads .6 .04 12 16 .3 5. 3.9 .25 .25 1.06 1.0 2.2 259 Milberta-Elk Lake Road 260 3330 260 Swastika-Kirkland Road, and exten- sion through Lebel Township ... 2201 ''61 Thunder Bay Dist. Arthur Street Road . . 9.75 4153 OfST .75 .2 .60 40 66 66 .5 .60 1.06 1.75 26 26 12 13 3.5 .50 2.25 1.75 2.0 .04 20 24 24 24 24 20 963 246 '>63 Cloud Bay Road . 222 ''61 Conmee Township . .. Current River Road . Dawson Road Dawson Road Lots Township 2.7 1.35 .25 922 ''65 24 930 '>66 2231.5 267 .02 40 .02 26 150 1055 268 Dog Lake Road 150 260 Dog River Road .... Dona-Finmark Road. Dorion Township .25 1.0 600 ''70 .5 66 .75 26 1.25 2.0 .75 .125 .5 .50 .16 1.725 2.0 .50 24 24 re 24 24 re 16 .5 24 re re 560 3556 50 140 971 1.00 1.65 1511 272 1.-75 40 .125 26 .50 .5 26 26 120 273 Gillies Township . 3.0 1.0 2826 271 Gillies-Lybster Bdy . . Gillies-Scobie Bdy. . . Gorham Township . . . Gorham-Mclntyre Boundary .50 .09 1.25 1032 oys ''76 1.25 .125 2.00 40 50 66 2.625 .20 26 24 4708 60 2.675 2127 277 214 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 149 NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT BRANCH— Continued. Year, Ending 31st October, 1923. Crushed Rock Drag- ging Miles Gen- eral Rep'rs Miles Culverts Bridges Remarks -a o o Stone or Cone. re 6 Description Yds. crush- ed Yds. haul- ed L cov- ered 5 15 2 8 4 Repaired. 1343 c.yd. sand surfacing. 86 c.yd. stone in swamps. General repairs. 4022 c.yd. stone fill. 85 c.yd. rock excav. 1932 c.yd. cut and fill. 4375 c.yd. filling. 27 c.yd. rock excav. 836 c.yd. rock excav. 1192 c.yd. rock surfacing in swamps. 6265 c.yd. filling. 7S? 480 ?S3 12 12 4 4 7 31 18' span. 16x46 Repaired. 16x18 12x18 ?S4 ■'SS "^Sfi .75 4.6 8 29 20' span. Trestle, 12-16' bents. 9S7 ?S8 5 4 1 12 2 re paired 44 17 8 1 1 1 2 2 16' span. 44' span. 74' long. 30x20 Repaired. 8154 c.yd. filling. ?'>Q 1406 2647 ?60 ?61 68.75 16.0 11 3 5 2 re 10 12 re 3 4 re 2 7 17 2 1 5 4 re 14 3 300 c.yd. cut and fill. ?6? .50 4.64 ?63 2 5 paired 62872 c.yd. cut and fill. 300 c.yd. cut and fill. '?64 ?6S paired 1 2 Repaired. ?66 12 13 ?67 3 paired ?68 •?6Q 250 c.yd. cut and fill. 570 c.yd. cut and fill. 75 c.yd. cut and fill. 500 c.yd. cut and fill. 100 c.yd. cut and fill. ?70 2.0 30' span. 30' span. 45' span. 971 ?7? 4 97^ ?74 1 4.375 1.50 paired 3 97S 24' span. 460 c.yd. cut and fill. 75 c.yd. loose rock re- moved. ?76 ?77 150 REPORT OF THE No. 3 DEPARTMENTS OF LANDS AND FORESTS Annual Report of Work Done. Side Brush- ing Cutting Burning Stump- ing and Grubbing Grading Cross Lay Ditch- ing Gravelling L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L mis. W ft. L ft. L mis. Yards used 278 Thunder Bay Dist. — Continued. Gorham-McGregor Boundary 100 678 200 1850 300 1188 400 144 279 Gorham-Ware Bdy . . Hillside-Strange Rd . . 3.00 3.125 1.25 re 24 240 7H0 1.00 55 1.00 26 281 Hymers-South Gillies Road cleane d 77 282 International High- way 4.31 2.75 .25 4599 283 Kakabeka-Hymers Road 1961/2 ?84 Lybster Township . . . Lybster-Marks Bdy. . .25 .25 .30 60 55 40 .50 26 2.0 20 ?8S ?86 Marks Road Marks Township .... Marks-O'Connor Rd., Cons. I and H .. . . .75 1.875 .75 4.0 2.75 17. re re 20 24 3920 '?87 1.25 66 .06 .375 24 26 288 4.0 2.81 1 3510 289 790 Nipigon Highway. . . . Oliver Road ........ 1.06 14.25 2.75 .60 40 60 35 9.875 3.01 30 26 65952 11616 200 2259 . 1118 1368.5 791 O'Cohnor Township. . O'Connor-Marks Boundary 1.0 2 re 931'/2 292 .50 .5 40 66 .125 .5 24 26 ?9,S Old Scott Highway. . . Old Silver Mountain Road .5 1.00 .75 2 1 24 re 2.125 2375 294 200 300 1870 620 10463 1200 1930 1095 11868 3000 7880 99S Paipoonge-Scobie Boundary Pardee Township . . i.50 .375 1.75 .90 33 40 66 40 .75 .75 .375 .25 2.10 1.20 .1 24 re 26 20 26 24 26 .10 10 '?96 .375 1.75 2.70 3.0 .75 .25 2 1.125 .50 20 24 20 re 20 20 re 24 20 ?97 Pearson Townshipp. . .25 149 798 Pearson- Pardee Road Schreiber Township . . 799 .875 2 2.27 700 son Scobie Road Scoble Township .... 1.25 1.375 .43 4.75 4.75 .33 1.0 1.25 1.705 66 30 66 30 40 66 50 40 1.125 .04 .31 30 26 24 l723'/2 SOI 39 so? Shebandowan Lake Road 10.80 2.50 18 1.45 2.35 1.125 26 26 24 1.0 5.20 1.475 .30 re 24 20 18 SOS Silver Mountain Road 1842 197 S04 Ware Township 565.5 Totals 322.30 282.24 222.75 302.345 785.63 312.399 re 5.743 grad- ing 107750 1562894 new cleane 404.25 rep'rs d 317684 97579 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 151 NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT BRANCH— Continued. Year Ending 31st October, 1923 Crushed Rock Drag- ging Gen- eral Rep'rs Culverts Bridges Remarks •v o 1 Stone or Cone. 6 Description Yds. haul- ed Yds. crush- ed L cov- ered Miles Miles 2.00 3.125 4 7 12 ?78 1 20' span. ?79 510 c.yd. cut and fill. ?80 20 1010 11 4.0 47.8 10 5. ?81 s 1 Repaired. 293 c.yd. gravel fill. 550 c.yd. cut and fill. 450 c.yd. cut and fill. 200 c.yd. cut and fill. 183 c.yd. cut and fill. 700 c.yd. cut and fill. 70 c.yd. fill. ?8? "9 5 1 ?83 1 1 12' span. 16' span. ?84 ?8S 786 13 1 135 3 1 1 14' 6" span. Repaired. "787 ?88 161.25 1 25.5 18 1 1 1 1 1 16' span. 108' trestle. 22' reinforced concrete. 100' span. 21065 c.yd. cut and fill. 450 c.yd. rock cut. 455 c.yd. rock fill. 1086 c.yd. gravel fill. 115.5 c.yd. gravel fill. 1100 c.yd. fill. 1300 c.yd. cut and fill. 2000 c.yd. cut and fill. 200 c.yd. rock in cribs. 50 c.yd. cut and fill. 1250 c.yd. cut. ?89 6 790 791 797 6 1.625 793 21 3 2 23 5 6 5 4 36 37 26 794 79S 796 1 1 10' span. 45' span. 1802 c.yd. cut and fill. 250 c.yd. fill. 1264 c.yd. cut and fill. 40 c.yd. rock fill. 950 c.yd. cut and fill. 797 798 .625 999 son .50 1.5 1 14' span. SOI 15 8 3545 c.yd. cut and fill. 600 c.yd. cut and fill. 50' Rip Rapping 3' 0" high 675 c.yd. cut and fill. ^0? ^o^ 37.5 12 5. 1 1 1 24' span. 16' span. 8' span. ^04 76790 83139 32.78 8534.37 870.845 2169 251 754 105 37 New. Repaired. • 152 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 40 NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT BRANCH Section 1 (D) Farms Under this sub-section expenditures were made in connection with the purchase of two additional town lots in the town of New Liskeard, as additions to complete the demonstration farm there; and also in the payment of accounts incurred for the erection of additional farm buildings, fences, and other improve- ments upon the farm. The property is now being operated as a demonstration farm by the Department of Agriculture. The experimental farm at Hearst has also been maintained by that Depart- ment, and payments were made by the Northern Development Branch in respect of supplies for seeding land, fencing, and labour. The total expenditure on these accounts was $11,036.39. Fire Relief Committee Accounts The Northern Ontario Fire Relief Committee, constituted after the fire in Northern Ontario on October 4, 1922, found that the amount of the contribu- tions they had received from various sources was not sufficient to meet the requirements. Representations were made by the Relief Committee to the Government as a result of which it was decided that money be provided out of the Northern Development fund, under the provisions of Section 1 {d) of the Northern Development Act, to be used for the payment of accounts incurred by the Relief Committee, after being audited and passed by the Department as represented by the Northern Development Branch. The accounts cover materials, supplies, feed and other necessities of the settlers. Further provision was made for the payment of accounts incurred for similar objects in connection with the fire near Norembega, east of Cochrane, in 1923. The amount expended under these heads was $282,060.99, the accounts being rendered to the Fire Relief Committee, approved by them and forwarded to the Northern Develop- ment Branch, where they were audited prior to payment. In the emergency after the fire of 1922, a considerable quantity of army equipment was loaned by the Department of Militia and Defence for the imme- diate use of the fire sufferers. As living accommodation, equipment and other supplies became available for the fire sufferers, the articles so loaned by the Militia Department were returned. It was found, however, that a considerable quantity of the equipment had become unfit for military use and was not accept- able for return to stores and was, therefore, charged by the Militia Department against the Fire Relief Committee. The account amounted to $73,742.32; and provision was made to meet this charge out of the Northern Development fund. Payment was made of a portion of the account amounting to $15,748.28, the remainder being left over to be taken care of either by the replacement of the articles by repurchasing, or by cash remittance. Sawmills In order to provide the fire sufferers with sawn lumber from local supplies, two portable sawmills were provided by the Northern Development Branch, operated in the vicinity of New Liskeard. The cost of these mills, together 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 153 with their operating expenses, amounted to $4,503.55. The work was under the immediate supervision of the local Crown Timber Agent. Section 1 (E) — Creamery The New Liskeard Creamery, which was operated by a manager under the Northern Development Branch, was taken over on the 27th of March last by the Department of Agriculture. Prior to that time the expenditures in connection with the operation of the institution amounted to $3,975.63, which was paid by the Branch out of the Northern Development fund. Section 2 (1) — Seed Grain In accordance with the practice adopted in 1915 and continued during succeeding years, seed grain was provided by the Northern Development Branch for distribution to those settlers and farmers in Northern and Northwestern Ontario who wished to take advantage of the opportunity of securing a sound quality of seed in return for lien notes secured upon the property of the purchaser. The total quantities of seed required showed a considerable reduction as compared with those of the previous year, owing to more favourable crop conditions prevailing in the season of 1922. Exclusive of the supplies for the Temiskaming fire area there was supplied 4,206 bushels of oats, 306 bushels wheat, and 468 bushels barley. The seed was all purchased in Ontario; and wherever supplies of the requisite quality were available, preference was given to the purchase of local stocks. The distribution was made as formerly under the immediate superintendence of the District Representatives of the Department of Agriculture, or officers of the Northern Development Branch. The situation in the Temiskaming fire area in the district of Haileybury with reference to seed requirements was exceptional, and special measures were taken in consequence. The Fire Relief Committee, who had been active in supplying the needs of the fire sufferers in other respects, did not extend their operations to the supplying of seed and this work was, therefore, performed under the Northern Development Act. Whereas in other districts throughout the North seed was limited to oats, wheat and barley, the requirements in the fire area necessitated the supply, in addition, of red clover, 12,554 pounds; alsike, 7,660 pounds; timothy, 46,690 pounds; mixed seed, 4,400 pounds; peas, 1,454 bushels. This was required to reseed cleared land that had already been seeded but burned over, and in addition, to seed down additional land cleared by the fire. Oats were supplied to the amount of 10,914 bushels; wheat, 1,200 bushels and barley, 1,522 bushels. The terms granted to the fire sufferers were somewhat more liberal than those usually applied, the lien notes instead of becoming due on the 1st of December, 1923, were extended to the 1st of March, 1924. The mixed grass seed purchased for this area was obtained in Northwestern Ontario. The whole of the local arrangements for the purchase and distribution to the fire sufferers were carried out by the district Agricultural Representatives who received also the co-operation of the Superintendent of the Demonstration Farm at New Liskeard. The total expenditure incurred in the purchase and distribution of the seed amounted to $35,698.75. Section 2 (1) — Agricultural Implements for Fire Sufferers One of the consequences of the fire in the vicinity of Haileybury on October 4th, 1922, was that many of the farmers lost the whole of their agricultural implements along with their other property. 154 REPORT OF THE No. 3 The question of replacing the implements was discussed by the Honourable the Minister with the Ontario Fire Relief Committee, and on the 7th of March, 1923, it was decided that those who had lost farm implements in the fire should make application to the Fire Relief Committee to replace their loss. The Committee was then to pass upon the applications and transmit those approved to the Northern Development Branch. The Branch would then order the imple- ments to be supplied. The terms ultimately decided upon for the sale of these implements to the fire sufiferers were that the cost price of the articles was divided into three equal amounts, for. which promissory notes were signed by the purchaser. These notes were made payable respectively on the 1st of October, 1924, 1925 and 1926 with interest at the rate of 6 per cent, per annum from the 1st of October, 1923, and under the authority of Section 2 (1) of the Northern Development Act, 1918, a lien was placed against the land of the purchaser. The implements to be supplied included seed drills, plows, disc harrows, scufBers, smoothing harrows, mowers, hay rakes, binders and wagons. Negotia- tions were entered into with the principal manufacturers of these implements in Ontario, with the result that satisfactory arrangements were made for the prompt shipment of the various implements on favourable terms. In all, some sixty varieties of the various types of implements were asked for by the fire sufTerers, and as the applications were received and the promissory notes prepared and signed the shipments were promptly made by the various companies. Very valuable co-operation and assistance was rendered by the officials of the T. & N. O. in the handling of the distribution. The total number of implements ordered was 655, purchased from nine firms. Two hundred and eighteen farmers took advantage of this arrangement as follows: No. of Township Purchasers Amount Armstrong 14 $3,070 56 Beauchamp 5 1,532 00 Brethour 12 3,090 31 Bryce 3 647 63 Bucke 19 3,360 05 Cane 3 379 79 Casey 21 • 7,044 16 Dack 24 4,600 15 Dymond 3 660 21 Evanturel 15 2,514 98 Firstbrook 1 94 18 Harley 21 3,532 29 Harris 4 734 06 Henwood 9 1,934 24 Hilliard 40 8,041 05 Hudson 2 964 65 Ingram 3 393 60 Kerns 7 848 19 Lorrain 2 295 35 Robillard 6 1,676 99 Savard 2 34122 Sharpe 1 161 63 Tudhope 1 35 47 218 $45,952 76 The cost of implements purchased was $46,771.37; the total amount of the promissory notes given in exchange was $45,952.76, and in addition $738.89 was received in cash, making a total sum realized of $46,691.65. One of the chief difficulties encountered in this work was the limited time available from the date when the decision was made to provide the implements, and the time when the articles were required for seeding; but by giving preference in shipping 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 155 to the implements most urgently required, the necessities of the case were met. The provision of these implements proved to be a very valuable help to the farmers of the fire stricken area. Section 2 (4) — Schools Under this subsection expenditures were made out of the Northern Develop- ment fund in connection with the completion of the alterations and extension of the former Stock Judging Pavilion at New Liskeard, situated on the lands of the Demonstration Farm, for the purpose of a Continuation School. This work was commenced in the previous financial year. The expenditure for the year ending 31st October, 1923, amounted to $32,137.77. Road-making in Peterborough County, 156 REPORT OF THE No. 3 SUMMARY OF EXPENDITURE For the Twelve Years Ended 31st October, 1923 Northern and Northwestern Ontario Development Fund Section Summary of Expenditure 23rd May 1912, to 31st Oct., 1922 Expenditure for year ended 31st October, 1923 Total Expenditure to 31st October, 1923 Section 1 Section 1 Section 1 Section 1 Section 1 Section 1 Section 1 Section 2 Section 2 Section 2 Section 2 Section 2 Returned (a) Works and Improvements. . . . (b) Roads (d) Farms (d) Assistance of Settlers, Feed . . . (d) Assistance of Settlers, Fire Relief (d) Assistance of Settlers, Sawmills.. (e) Creamery and Grain Elevators . . (1) Seed Grain (1) Agricultural Implements (2) Cattle Purchase Account (4) Schools and other Public Bldgs. . (6) Fire Protection Soldiers' and Sailors' Land Settle- $2,100 00 9,972,725 31 110,246 53 117,898 07 57,150 53 227,787 47 ment Act, 1917. 21,617 99 17,353 85 3,773 45 1,181,082 51 ,739,863 58 11,036 39 6,254 51 282,060 99 4,503 55 3,975 63 35,698 75 46,771 37 32,137 77 2,832 28 $2,100 00 12,712,588 89 121,282 92 124,152 5^ 282,060 99 4,503 55 61,126 16 263,486 22 46,771 37 21,617 99 49,491 62 3,773 45 1,183,914 79 Settlers' Loan Account Amending Act, 1916. . . [1,711,735 71 913,534 93 5,165,134 82 167.308 92 $14,876,870 53 1,080,843 85 $12,625,270 64 $3,332,443 74 $15,957,714 38 STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE Under Northern and Northwestern Ontario Development Acts, 1912 and 1915, and Amendments For the Year Ended 31st October, 1923 Expenditure, year Districts and Sections " ended 31st October, 1923 Roads: 1. Kenora $105,873 55 2. Dryden 124,967 16 3. Port Arthur ' 104,639 20 4. Fort William 127,186 46 5. Rainy River 121,038 77 6. Sault Ste. Marie (including Soo-Sudbury Trunk Road) 219,711 86 7. St. Joseph's Island (and Pine Island) 16,702 75 8. Sudbury 129,133 89 9. Manitoulin Island (and Espanola Road) 162,489 12 10. Nipissing 158,433 75 11. Parry Sound 171,355 08 12. Muskoka 203,351 30 13. Renfrew 35,047 61 14. Temiskaming and Cochrane 1,027,032 05 15. General Administration 32,901 03 $2,739,863 58 16. Farms 1 1,036 39 17. Assistance of Settlers — Feed Shortage 6,254 51 18. " " Fire Relief 282,060 99 19. " " Sawmills 4,503 55 20. Creamery 3,975 63 21. Seed Grain 35,698 75 22. Agricultural Implements 46,771 37 23. Schools and other Public Buildings 32,137 77 24. Returned Soldiers' and Sailors' Settlement Account 2,832 28 25. Settlers' Loan Account 167,308 92 $3,332,443 74 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 157 NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT BRANCH Statement of Expenditure, Year Ended 31st October, 1923 Making of Roads, Section i (b) : Bruce, A. E. D., Secretary and Accountant, salary $3,450 00 Sinton, James, Road Engineer, salary 2,700 00 Beardall, F. G., Principal Clerk, salary 2,300 00 Lawer, W. L., Senior Account Clerk, salary 2,100 00 Reid, A., Map Draughtsman, salary 1,800 00 Dicker, C. L., Clerk, salary 1,500 00 Fleming, Miss E., Clerk, salary 1,300 00 Carefoot, Miss O., Clerk-Stenographer, salary, 7% months. 712 51 Wages $1,737,060 82 Contracts. 181,675 11 Supplies, Equipment and Services 805,265 14 Advancement of Settlement and Colonization, Section i {d): Wages $1,446 98 Purchase of Land 125 00 Supplies, Stock, Fencing and Equipment . 9,464 41 $15,862 51 2,724,001 07 $2,739,863 58 11,036 39 Assistance of Settlers — Feed Shortage, Section i (d): Feed, Freight, Services and Disbursements 6,254 51 A ssistance of Settlers — Fire Relief, Section i (d) : Material, Provisions, Supplies, Freight, Services and Disbursements 282,060 99 Assistance of Settlers — Sawmills, Section i (d): Wages $2,234 05 Cost of Mills and Supplies 2,269 50 Creamery, New Liskeard, Section i (e): Wages $1,662 09 Supplies, Equipment, Freight and Expenses 2,313 54 4,503 55 3,975 63 Seed Grain, Section 2 (/).• Seed, Freight, Services and Disbursements 35,698 75 Agricultural Implements, Section 2 (/).• Cost of Implements, Freight and Disbursements 46,771 37 Schools and other Public Buildings, Section 2 {4): Continuation School, New Liskeard, Contracts for erection, heating, etc $24,765 94 Material and Supplies 7,371 83 32,137 77 Returned Soldiers' and Sailors' Land Settlement Act, 1917: Services, Rentals and Disbursements 2,832 28 Settlers' Loan Account Amending Act, 1916: Dane, F., Commissioner, salary $5,000 00 Kennedy, W. K. P., Accountant, salary 2,700 00 Crawford, G., Stenographer 1,050 00 Jack, F. M., Stenographer 832 00 $3,165,134 82 Net amount of loans issued $156,410 00 Expenses ' 1,316 92 $9,582 00 157,726 92 167,308 92 $3,332,443 74 158 REPORT OF THE No. 3 NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT BRANCH Statement of Revenue for the Year Ended 31st October, 1923 Section i (b), Roads: Sale of Supplies, Camp Buildings and Equipment; Refunds Section i (d), Assistance of Settlers: Cash Sales of Feed and Notes retired . Section 2 (i), Seed Grain: Cash Sales and Notes retired Section 2 (/), Agricultural Implements: Cash Sales and Notes retired . . . . Section 2 (2), Purchase of Cattle Account: Payment on account of Note Clause 5 {1-12), Soldiers' Settlement Account: Note retired (Kapuskasing Colony).. . . Sale of Buildings (Shackleton Colony) . Settlers' Loan Account: Payments on account of loans. $2,649 29 24,052 69 20,131 43 1,288 10 15 00 19,859 11 Total Revenue under all heads, 1923 account. $67,995 62 110,956 37 $178,951 99 NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT BRANCH Assets, 31st October, 1923 Cash Balances unexpended : Roads, Farms, Fire Relief, etc Soldiers' Settlement Settlers' Loan Account , Seed Grain, Notes outstanding Assistance of Settlers, Notes outstanding Implements, Notes outstanding Cattle Purchase, Notes outstanding Soldiers' Settlement, Notes outstanding Settlers' Loans outstanding $135,362 49 14,713 43 Contingent Assets Roads — Buildings, Plant, Equipment, Machinery, Motors, Tractors, etc. $150,075 92 11,590 00 94,291 58 62,152 12 45,405 47 3,307 16 32,215 10 694,150 28 $1,093,187 63 $218,202 91 $1,311,490 54 RECORD OF CORRESPONDENCE Letters received Letters mailed Circulars mailed (Seed Grain) Expenditure on Postage , November 15th, 1923. 13,449 1,620 11,386 15,069 $906 10 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 159 Appendix No. 41 46 Richmond Street West, Toronto, 19th December, 1923. To the Honourable the Minister of Lands and Forests. Dear Sir, — It affords me pleasure to present herewith a report of the business of this department to the end of October, 1923. The Department continues to give careful consideration to each application and advances money on the basis of the valuation of the a.ctual improvements that have been made to the land. It is a pleasure to be able to refer to the manner in which interest payments have been made, which from the accompanying statement you will observe is 90.32 per cent, of interest due. The Department frequently receives advice that the loans of this depart- ment have been a great help to the development of the property on which the loans have been granted, and the object seems to be that the settler is desirous of getting sufficient land developed to enable him to carry stock. With reference to the loan granted to the Kenora Dairy Company, you will observe from the report that this company failed, and the Department anticipates that there will be at least a loss of 50 per cent, in connection with this loan. All of which is respectfully submitted. F. Dane, Settlers' Loan Commissioner . Memorandum of Loans to Settlers to October 31st, 1923 A pplications Total number of applications received 4,485 Total amount applied for $1,765,230 00 Average per application ' 393 58 Amount applied for under approved applications 1,212,745 00 Loans Number of loans issued 2,960 Equal to 65% of applications. Amount granted $973,110 00 Equal to 55% of total amount applied for and equal to 80% of total amount applied for under approved applications. Average loan $328 75 Total acreage covered by liens 450,492 Acreage improved land 67,765 Equal to 15% of total acreage. Average loan per care on total acreage $2 16 Average loan per acre on acreage improved land 14 36 Memorandum of Loans to Creameries and Other like Associations to October 31st, 1923 Applications and Loans The S.udbury Co-Operative Creamery Co., Ltd $24,000 00 The Kenora Dairy Co-operative Association, Ltd 13,000 00 Producers' Co-operative Creamery Co., Ltd., Lavallee, District of Rainy River. . . 3,500 00 Total $40,500 00 Note. — The Sudbury Co-operative Creamery Company and the Producers Co-operative Creamery Company of Lavallee are in active operation and have promptly paid the amounts failing due on their loans. The Kenora Dairy Co-operative Association failed to operate successfully and went into liquidation on March 8th, 1922, having failed to pay any portion of their loan or interest. 160 REPORT OF THE No. 3 The land was deeded to the Crown on December 30th, 1922, and registered in Land Titles Office at Kenora on January 2nd, 1923, as No. 5882: also Bill of Sale covering chattels on January 3rd, 1923, as No. 919, by the Clerk of the District Court at Kenora. The standing of the account is as follows: — Principal ; $13,000 00 Interest as at June 1st, 1923 1,818 35 Total $14,818 35 The Department sold a quantity of cans to the Sudbury Creamery Com- pany for which $225.00 was received, leaving balance of amount out- standing to be $14,593.35. Repayments On A ccount of Interest Accrued Interest Due Interest Received Per Cent. Loans to settlers Loans to creameries, etc . $153,946 90 5,188 59 $139,045 34 3,595 24 90.32 69.29 On Account of Principal Payments on Principal Due Payments on Principal Received Per cent. Loans to settlers $374,268 83 233 34 $325,721 29 10,233 34 87 02 Loans to creameries, etc Details of Loans Issued and Outstanding Total Payments Due Payments Received Per cent. Loans to settlers $528,215 73 5,421 93 $464,766 63 13,828 58 87 98 Loans to creameries, etc Totals $533,637 66 $478,595 21 89.68 District Issued No. of Loans Amount Outstanding No. of Loans Unpaid Principal and Accrued Interest Algoma Kenora Manitoulin . . Nipissing .... Rainy River. Sudbury Temiskaming Thunder Bay Totals 96 301 13 167 228 175 1,288 695 $32,260 00 111,220 00 5,250 00 59,495 00 75,275 00 89,060 00 413,020 00 228,030 00 83 239 12 150 175 158 951 583 $27,540 75 82,756 08 4,645 00 45,747 44 45,134 97 69,210 70 266,370 91 152,735 43 2,963 $1,013,610 00 2,351 $694,150 28 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 161 Appendix No. 42 Report of the Forestry Branch, 1923 Sir, — The report of the work of this Branch for the year ending October 31st, 1923, is given under the sections of Forest Fire Protection, Forest Investiga- tions, Reforestation and Forest Pathology. I. — Forest Fire Protection (1) Legislation The "Permit Area," as designated in an Order-in-Council dated the 18th day of May, 1917, was by an Order-in-Council dated the 1st day of June, 1923, extended to cover the entire Province within the Fire Districts. The benefits derived from this extension were, for the balance of the season, immeasurable. Forest protection requires the unstinted support of the general public. The individual in the woods does not accept sufficient responsibility as a citizen. The result is, in many instances, gross carelessness and indifference in causing fires, and flat refusal to assist in fighting them. The exceptionally dry periods experienced this past season, and the resultant serious fire situation, emphasized more strongly than ever the need for jail sentences as an alternative to a fine for certain infringements of the Act. The failure on the part of the general public to give co-operation towards the suppression of a forest fire, not only makes compulsory fire-fighting extremely advisable, but points to a crying need for legislation placing the onus of proof for responsibility of a fire on the person occupying the land on which the'fiie occurs. ' The appointment of certain superior field officers as justices of the pea'ie for the purpose of taking cognizance of offences against the provisions of the Act or the Regulations is also desirable. (2) Organization and Personnel The Western Inspectorate, comprising the districts of Kenora, Rainy River, and Thunder Bay as far east as White River on the Canadian Pacific Railway, and Tashota and Caramat on the Canadian National Railways, was under the supervision of one Forest Supervisor, with headquarters at Port Arthur. This Inspectorate was divided into seven Chief Ranger Districts, namely Kenora, with headquarters at Kenora; C.G.R. Western, which consisted of a supervisory patrol over the Canadian National Railways from Fort William to Ophir, headquarters at Sioux Lookout; C.G.R. Central, headquarters at Armstrong; Rainy River, headquarters at Fort Frances; Thunder Bay, headquarters at Port Arthur; Nipigon, headquarters at Macdiarmid; and Longlac, headquarters at Longlac. The Cochrane Inspectorate, comprising the territory along the northern line of the Canadian National Railways from the Quebec boundary west to the eastern boundary of Nipigon Reserve and extending north to the Albany River and James Bay, was supervised by one Fire Inspector with headquarters at Cochrane. This area was divided into eight Chief Ranger Districts as follows: C.G.R. Eastern, headquarters at Grant; Hearst, headquarters at Hearst; Kapus- kasing, headquarters at Kapuskasing; Cochrane, headquarters at Cochrane; Abitibi, headquarters at Lowbush; Matheson, headquarters at Matheson; Timmins, headquarters at Timmins; New Liskeard, headquarters at New Liskeard. 6 L.F. 162 REPORT OF THE No. 3 The old Sudbury Inspectorate, which included the territory adjacent to the Canadian Pacific Railway from Mattawa and Bigwood to Sault Ste. Marie and White River; the southern line of the Canadian National Railways from North Bay and Pickerel River to Jellicoe; the Algoma Central and Hudson Bay Railway from Sault Ste. Marie to Oba, and the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway from North Bay to Elk Lake, was divided into the Soo and Sudbury Inspectorates, with the territory along the Canadian National Rail- ways from Caramat to Jellicoe being added to the Western Inspectorate. The Soo Inspectorate, which extended from Cutler to Sault Ste. Marie, and from Chapleau to White River on the Canadian Pacific Railway; from Dun- rankin to Caramat on the southern line of the Canadian National Railways; and from Sault Ste. Marie to Oba on the Algoma Central and Hudson Bay Railway, was under the direct charge of a District Forester, with headquarters at Sault Ste. Marie, who was assisted by one Forestry Assistant and one Fire Inspector. The six Chief Ranger Districts were Hornepayne, with headquarters at Hornepayne; Oba, headquarters at Oba; Franz, headquarters at Franz; A.C.R., headquarters at Sand Lake; Mississagi South, headquarters at Kendio- gami Lake; Blind River, headquarters at Blind River. The Sudbury Inspectorate extended from Mattawa and Bigwood to Cutler and Chapleau on the Canadian Pacific Railway; from North Bay and Pickerel River to Dunrankin on the southern line of the Canadian National Railways; from North Bay to Elk Lake on the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Rail- way; and from Sudbury to Little Current on the Algoma Eastern Railway. A District Forester with headquarters at Sudbury was in direct charge of the area, and was assisted by one Forestry Assistant and one Fire Inspector. Another Forester was placed in charge of each of the Sudbury and North Bay Chief Ranger Districts, with headquarters at Sudbury and North Bay respectively, each being directly responsible to the Forester in charge of the Inspectorate. There were ten Chief Ranger Districts; Foleyet West, headquarters at Elsas; Foleyet East, headquarters at Gogama; Mississagi West, headquarters at Chapleau; Mississagi East, headquarters at Biscotasing; Timagami West, headquarters at Mattagami Post; Timagami East, headquarters at Timagami; Webbwood, headquarters at Webbwood; Sudbury, headquarters at Sudbury; North Bay, headquarters at North Bay. The organization in the territory south of Lake Nipissing and within the Fire District, was the same as in 1922, there being three Inspectorates — Georgian •Bay, Algonquin, and Trent, each in charge of a District Forester, assisted by a Forestry Assistant. The Georgian Bay Inspectorate, with headquarters at Parry Sound, com- prised the area along the Canadian Pacific Railway from Lovering to Bigwood, and along the Canadian National Railways from Rathburn to Pickerel River, Rama to North Bay, and Depot Harbour to Ravensworth. This area was divided into two Chief Ranger Districts, Georgian Bay West with headquarters at Parry Sound, and Georgian Bay East with headquarters at Powassan. The Algonquin Inspectorate, with headquarters at Pembroke, included the territory from Pembroke to Mattawa on the Canadian Pacific Railway, and from Pembroke to North Bay and Douglas to Ravensworth on the Canadian National Railways. There were two Chief Ranger Districts, Algonquin North with headquarters at Pembroke, and Algonquin South with headquarters at Brule Lake. The Trent Inspectorate consisted of the balance of the Fire District, the area extending from Kinmount and Bannockburn to Wallace on the Canadian 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 163 NuMBEiR Or Men On ~rEMPOR/RRy Sr^rr At Different Periods. /3oo / \ ^^ \ k / \ / \ i / k / \ \ ^ c.. / \ / \ / / \ / \ ^ 0 / \ ^ a 'ATES. National Railways, and from Addington to Maberly, and Oconto to Ashdod on the Canadian Pacific Railway. There was one Chief Ranger District, Trent, with headquarters at Dacre. The total field supervisory staff for the seven Inspectorates, which were divided into thirty-six Chief Ranger Districts, consisted of twelve Foresters, one Forester Supervisor, three Fire Inspectors, thirty-six Chief Rangers, and eighty-three Deputy Chief Rangers. This allowed direct supervision of one Chief or Deputy Chief Ranger to every ten rangers. The average daily force, including the Chief and Deputy Chief Rangers, was as follows: April, 24; May, 692; June, 1,160; July, 1,251; August, 1,218; September, 797; October, 133. The largest number of men on duty at any one time, including 119 Chief and Deputy Chief Rangers, was 1,267. Including the Chief and Deputy Chief Rangers there were 205 men on duty on the first day of May. By the 15th of the month the number had increased to 699, and by the first of June to 1,104. On the 15th of June the total number was 1,166; on the first of July, 1,198; on the 15th of July, 1,257; on the first of August, 1,220; on the 15th of August, 1,223. In some of the outlying dis- 164 REPORT OF THE No. 3 tricts it was possible to discontinue some patrols the last of August which reduced the number on duty the first of September to 1,115. Men were taken off duty from then on as conditions permitted, the total number on duty on September 15th being 968, and on the 1st of October, 291. A short period of dry weather the first few days of October necessitated the continuance of some patrols longer than usual, keeping the total number on the pay roll up to 111 on the 15th of the month. Men kept on duty after that date were largely engaged on improve- ments or repairing equipment. The need of a permanent skeleton staff composed of the Chief and Deputy Chief Rangers has become more apparent each season. The number of rangers in a Chief Ranger District varied this past season from fourteen to fifty-eight. Both Chief and Deputy Chief Rangers should be on duty earlier in the spring than is now possible in order that they may arrange their organization of, on the average, thirty rangers before the early fire season. They should also be on duty longer in the fall to overhaul equipment and work on permanent improve- ments. To successfully fill the position of a Chief Ranger, or of a Deputy Chief Ranger, for so far as possible only men who may eventually become Chief Rangers are appointed to the positions of Deputies, a man should be an experi- enced woodsman, have organizing and executive ability, be able to handle men, be able to deal with the public, be energetic, and above all, be loyal to the organization of which he is a part. Men having these requirements, and who seek the positions, are not plentiful. If a permanent system of appointment could be adopted the efficiency of the organization would be greatly increased at a small additional increase in the total pay roll, which without doubt would be more than offset by the reduction in the extra fire-fighting costs. There is sufificient work to keep a skeleton staff composed of these men employed through- out the winter months, and in addition, it would afford an opportunity for organizing some system of instruction of these men. (3) Expenditure. The expenditure for the fiscal year was $1,062, 956.24, classified as below, with the figures for -the preceding years given for comparison. Against this expenditure, protection accounts for the year totalled $196,888.44. (4) Fires There was little precipitation in the late summer and fall of 1922, resulting in a small amount of moisture in the ground when cold weather set in. The snowfall during the following winter was heavier than usual, but when the break-up came towards the end of May the exceptionally warm weather and prevalent strong winds carried off the snow so quickly that little of it was absorbed by the deeply frozen ground. The surface of the ground and the covering litter rapidly dried out, and instances occurred of fires starting in areas which three days previous had been covered with snow. The last week of May and the first week of June was the worst fire period of the season, fires being reported from all parts of the Province. The peak was reached on the 1st of June when there were over 900 extra fire-fighters on duty, in addition to the regular staff of 1,104 on that date. Scattered light showers occurred on the 2nd of June and intermittently from then until the middle of the month when the number of extra men had been reduced to slightly over 400. A second seriously dry period then set in and on the 21st the number of extra fire-fighters had increased to 800. This period was followed by heavy showers and conditions were normal until the middle of July, when 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 165 w H 5 W CL, X! w o o < U < U OO O O O iC lO O »0 O ■^ 00 •<* so lO ro l^ Tti CN Tti ro vO oo'o'ro"'* T-Tio" -H CS '-H »-i CN Os (T) vO lO r^ "O •rt On O CN vO vO ■^ OJ 00 0\ 00 »r^ 00 SO trT rs" ro I'T ■^ oo" lo' O CN "-I »-l lO Os t^ Os lO «-! •■-I -H '-H 00 00 0\ 0\ On O 0\ CN u-> 'i* ir> rj< T^ i^ lo"'— I •^ (rroo~NO~t-~~irrj~-'"ic ■«*< ro CN OOIO'^CNOO '-I '-I 3J 1> •- _0 O c 9J *' S,c wl^ ^^ Q.4-) g gN Cfl 166 REPORT OF THE No. 3 the third outbreak occurred, which was less serious than either of the previous two, the number of extra men employed reaching a total of 450. By the 1st of August normal conditions again prevailed. Another outbreak occurred the second week in August, but was not general throughout the Province as were the others. The last critical period was in October and was confined mostly to the southern districts. ^ O to 10 i? Sj ^ ci ^ K f^ :r k (s^ ^ :c" e5 ? Q: a 1 ^^ c^ > o ; 4 / / J ^ r \ \ \ \ J f ^ ^ ^ J / f \ "■V ^ \^ v^ ) / / ^ / y ^ ^ ^ "^ ■< •^ ^ ^ , ^> \ --- — N i ^ ^ "^ <-»■ ' , ___ ^ "^ ^ ^ ^ ; i i . i % [ « \ 1 \ n \ 5 td-i^ ft-^'i/ •ti'H/ Vi'^/ "/if/ /xj^"" y' /r Co 9 yy* / /T ■ Ct^H^ ■^•^AV ^O ^N 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 167 The fire season as a whole was decidedly abnormal as to weather, not only in Ontario, but throughout all of Eastern Canada. It was quite beyond any- thing experienced in Ontario over a long period of time and as a result the total forest area burned over much exceeded the average. CLASSIFICATION OF FOREST FIRES By Month Month 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 No. No. No. ■ No. No. No. No. April May June July 10 462 374 283 154 22 38 35 280 194 77 212 121 102 5 296 290 475 97 105 1 1* 422 309 142 300 2* 114 362 414 613 377 14 294 273 124 268 6 449 320 158 August September 117 66 Totals 1,343 1,021 1,269 1,287 1,780 965 1,110 1* April and May. 2* September and October. CLASSIFICATION OF FOREST FIRES By Origin Origin 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 No. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Settlers 170 167 249 74 58 76 549 12.7 12.4 18.5 5.5 4.3 5.7 40.9 16.1 11.9 16.3 5.1 4.1 .8 45.7 9.6 8.8 14.8 11.0 5.0 1.1 49.7 11.0 11.7 23.9 1.1 4.6 7.2 40.5 7.7 9.2 37.0 3.0 2.5 4.3 36.3 8.1 9.7 46.5 3.8 4.1 4.6 23.2 8.2 Campers 13.9 Railways Lightning Logging operations. Miscellaneous Unknown 49.5 2.9 4.1 3.6 17.8 Totals 1,343 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 CLASSIFICATION OF FOREST FIRES By Size Size 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 No. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Quarter acre and under 203 351 111 267 192 15.1 26.1 8.4 19.8 14.3 23.7 29.1 6.3 19.2 12.6 20.8 24.0 6.8 20.4 13.3 23.2 29.4 8.1 17.1 12.0 30.5 27.7 6.1 16.5 8.7 40.5 33.7 6.0 13.6 5.1 1.1 36.3 Over quarter to 5 acres 19.5 Over 5 to 10 acres 4.8 Over 10 to 100 acres 9.5 Over 100 to 500 acres 4.7 Over 500 acres 25.2 Over 500 to 1 ,000 acres 68 113 38 5.0 8.4 2.9 3.6 4.9 .6 5.5 8.1 1.1 5.0 4.9 .3 3.3 5.9 1.3 Over 1,000 to 10,000 acres Over 10,000 acres : . . . . 1,343 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 168 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Settlers were responsible for 170 fires, or 12.7 per cent, of the total. Of this number 26 were permit fires which got beyond control. It is worthy of note that the number of fires caused by settlers did not increase in proportion to the increase in the total number of fires, due in no small degree to the applica- tion of the Permit Regulations to include that portion of Northern Ontario formerly exempt. During the season twenty-two convictions were secured for setting out fires contrary to the Regulations. The majority of these occurred after the extension of the Permit Area. Campers, by which is meant berry-pickers, picnickers, tourists, trappers, Indians and prospectors, were charged with 167 fires, or 12.4 per cent of the total. It was not possible to definitely place the responsibility for any one of these fires. The adoption of the Travel Permit for certain districts, at least during hazardous periods, may be necessary to secure greater caution on the part of people in the woods. Railways are known to have caused 249 fires, or 18.5 per cent, of the total. In part these can be attributed to "hang-overs" from early spring burning in cleaning up the rights-of-way, the fires burning deep into the dry ground and breaking out again days after all indications of fire had disappeared on the surface. In some cases fires were definitely traced to locomotives which, on immediate inspection, failed to show any defects in the fire protective appliances. The fires of railway origin were distributed as follows: AVERAGE NUMBER OF RAILWAY FIRES PER HUNDRED MILES OF LINE THROUGH FOREST SECTIONS Railway 1923 1922 1921 Canadian National Railways (exclusive of northern line) Canadian Pacific Railway Canadian National Railways (northern transcontinental line only) Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway Algoma Eastern Railway Algoma Central and Hudson Bay Railway 6.2 5.3 2.0 7.3 1.1 3.0 •■3.2 2.7 2.4 7.3 4.5 4.2 *3.7 3.9 1.8 6.3 5.9 0.6 4.9 3.3 3.7 ♦Former C.N.R. and G.T.R. figures combined. Railway Per cent, of Total Number of Railway Fires 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 1918 Canadian National Railways (exclusive of northern line). Canadian Pacific Railway Canadian National Railways (northern transcon- tinental line only) Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway Algoma Eastern Railway 45.9 32.5 7.6 9.6 .4 4.0 *36.1 25.3 13.3 14.5 2.4 8.4 *47.9 29.8 7.9 10.6 2.8 1.0 ♦36.4 27.9 16.4 9.9 5.0 4.4 ♦28.1 26.3 25.9 17.9 0.3 1.5 ♦38.8 24.9 21.8 10.5 2.9 Algoma Central and Hudson Bay Railway 1.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ♦Former C.N.R. and G.T.R. figures combined. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 169 Lightning is known to have caused 74 fires, or 5.5 per cent, of the total number. Of this number 16 were in the Sudbury Inspectorate, and. 32 in the Algonquin Inspectorate. Logging operations were responsible for 58 fires, or 4.3 per cent, of the total. Seventy-six fires, or 5.7 per cent, of the total were due to miscellaneous known causes. A total of 549 fires, or 40.9 per cent, were classed as unknown. In many cases the cause was fairly definitely set, but proof could not be obtained. A total of 1,343 fires were reported with an area burned of 2,120,148 acres. Of this total, 554 fires, or 41.2 per cent., were confined to areas of 5 acres or less; one-half the fires were kept within 10 acres in size, and 69.4 per cent, of the total within areas of 100 acres or less. CLASSIFICATION OF BURNED-OVER AREA Forest Conditions 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 Acres Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Timber land Cut-over land (some timber left) Young growth (below six inches) . Barren and grass land 593,569 312,184 775,012 439,383 28.0 14.7 36.6 20.7 13.4 20.2 25.2 41.2 13.2 25.2 20.2 41.1 14.7 38.8 26.7 19.8 26.8 27.3 25.3 20.6 15.8 37.0 23.5 23.7 19.1 39.2 19.5 22.2 ^ 2,120,148 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 The area of timber land burned over was 593,569 acres, or 28.0 per cent, of the total area burned, as is shown in the above table. This percentage is attributable to the increased percentage of large fires completely getting beyond control. Cut-over land formed 14.7 per cent, of the total area burned, and land upon which young growth existed 36.6 per cent., or a combined area of 1,087,196 acres. While the amount of timber land burned over is serious, the area com- prised in the former two classes is equally a serious matter as it is from such classes of land that our future timber crop will be secured, and every fire on such areas not only means a longer lapse of time before lumbering operations may be carried on, but in many cases a deterioration in the species of trees on the areas. The area of barren and grass land burned over totalled 439,383 acres, or 20.7 per cent, of the total. Much of the barren land, which formed the greater part of this area, at one time was covered by merchantable timber. Repeated fires have, however, reduced the bulk of it to little better than a rock desert upon which merchantable timber will not again be available for very long periods of time. 170 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Pi > o Q W Pi PQ < W < H W o o o u c/3 < u re « 00 O >0 O CN U- O (NVOOOOs^OOONO*'' t" SO CN Tfi lO Oc<- o t^ O Ov 00 Tt t-. l^ OO-^fClOlO'^OICN Tf 00 -rt 00 CN O -- CN On O O CN 00 1-- lO rtt~-i-iOv»0\00'-" 0 Ov 0\VD 00 00 ro (N "O CN -^ so CO t^ c<- ^ tH (>4 o '"' CN CN PSl 00 C/) lo'^Tt* o t^ o t^ O u~ 00 CO CN ■* m 'O CN >-( Tt< Jr^ OMD ^ Q ^O in rt C CN t-~ Ov 1-H CN "^ o CO so On 0-2 ■^ "" '^ c T-H irjt^ I— 1~- t^ NO <0 (M O t^ 0 --H c OS On CN OnI^ O C 00 i= S Oi -^ -^ fOOC CO a> 00 00 CO 00 CN 't CO OS t^ NO CN 00 -^ 00 oj cfl o'o'jt-'" -^m: vo CO CN CN CN CO t^ i-H CN t^ On -^ CO m"" roio *^ 1-H t^ " CN CO CO CN 1-1 -a ovooo>o c^ ^ CN ^ CN O 00 C CO IT) lO SO O C SO ■O t^ 0\ CN 1-1 SO o lO i-H CN C OS NO Th'** OC in 3 ^.£ ^ OO^^O^^^'-* 00 o_ o -H rf »o On 00_^0_00__C so O o ^TS rfvo'io" r-T OO" Oo" cO^NO'iO — t-" >'&ei3 CN T-H ^ CO CN NO J3 CO ■^ 00 00 T-iOC ._i pOiou-)sO'-hO'*"~ OS O CO CO CO O "" -* 00 0\ •<*< ^ O 1-^ o t--rOrOt-~o^^ir)^u-j^i^ a< J-~ 00_^lO O PJ t^ 0> T-l T-. l^ SO Tf ^ t^ li- co_ o o 2-^ lo" (tT oo" (tT rrT <^ OO' J--" ■rt'i-T oT ^■~ 1-h" co'co'iATt- i-h" >> t B c ■rt VO CN f^ •* CN CO OO — CO o ■^ CO aj C o "T^vo lo OOCN OS 1-H CN O O CN §Sgii vOtO ■* o to oor~ 00 On 'O 1— t o t^ t--^rOCS_ ro ^ CN ^H t^ CO •* Ov_'0_ 00 rrrt-^i>-" oo" CN* CO i-~'"u:r'-r '* ^ll fO CO CO (U t-over 1, som twood left MD CN lO c ro OiOC* 00 CN C On OOn CO O Ot- On vOO^vO ir- t-~ O 00 PJ ■* OOOOC ▼— i oe so CN O O r- °°-"\^ ?N CN ONOi-H vO_>OvC On ■^ CO lO Os CN ■* lOl-'vo" o" oTi-T CN '* — "cn'cn lO oT ■* = ^t; ,-IIOtH 0^ * UJS TD imber and, ainly dwoo ■-HOO ^H -*fO lO o CN ^ o o ■<*< <>) CN lO Os o CN CO o o o 0\_ '"' 2-5" o_ cn" H-SIS J5 imber and, ainly iferous, i.e., twood \0 -^ >0 lO O "~ lO CO O O f^ O VD IT) t^ t-~ ^ t- CO O C oort-io O OC 00 C^ lO 00 O «-< C 00 O •* O 00 CN CN ro o 00 O^^^'^^^vO^O^C 00^ ^^O^-* ■^__>0 oo^^i-H CN CN t-~ 00 t— lO »- . 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(U 1-t CN rj< lo* <: ^i-HCNCO-^lOVOt^OC u O 1-H CN co' rl< ID sc H- < ^ S >m4 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 171 Tj<>0f^0v'^0\v000'* OnO\>-iOvmDOv"0OscntJ' 0\ fS V0\0 in \o CN ■■-< o 2 ro rt< ^ T-H cs ■* 0\ (T) >0 O »>• SO •.-H IT) 00 ^-H i-H -H O" OC OO" CN* o" •*" tJI Ti< lO (M ro 00 CO t^ t^00ON0\Ot^"*O»^O t^ O O Ov CN «0 Ov CN t~ ■rH CO 00 >0 1^- lO '-H O '-H 00 oo 0\ ■* ■<* 00 uo O re ■rt O On T-H lo 0\ t^ vO 0» O O lO ro t^ O t-~ 'f 0\ T-T iW o" oT o" (m" CO O t^ oo 00 iC "0 th On lO '-H O 00 t^ CN rfO '-H »D_lO 0\^ \0 (M lO CN IT) ■^ ID tJ* r<^ CN CN rOfO -^ OO CO ■" '-H •^ CO CN lO o\ ON * •rt ^ lO ■^ Ot^iOOOOOOOcOO NOCN'-HCNCNCOOOIOID Tt lO »-l CN li^ lO 00 O CN O O CO 00 On_ o.^. cn" ^-T^ NO 00 PNl ■* —H 00 -H O^ OONO O tJi lO CO 00 NO Tf T-I lO CN t^ CO Oi oo oo NO CN On <» On Tt< Tti li-) rt< (N »-i -"^ CO CO T^ CO CO CN NO >-< tOOCNiDNOOONOcoO OOOcOCNt^O'^'-iCNOO 00Tt<'rtO'-ICN'«tO'*00 ■^ NO NO (N On CN CO O Ttl 00 CO (N CN NO ONt— ID O ^^ ■^ '-lTj'5NOCN t^ lO ,-( ,-1 ,-1 NO CO th CO '-I ■^ OnI^ OT) O CN NO 00 00 NO '-H O CN CN t^ On ■>-i Q. >^Qa 5 5 5 (fl tfl P . . ©"o "O ^^ CN CO ■»*< "5 NO »-■' oo' On" O C 3j3 bObCbOui cn^ (— ij3 -M 2 2 2'in'. >. (U 2 rt rt oZc/5 2 ^mcQ ace Bay gian gian 1 Ins nqui nqui o coo m V » bO»H(N 0)^ u} tn cn cn i/i u> 4-1 •w o o o o o o S HHHHHH ^ CN »-H O On 00 t^ U CN CN CN '-H ■rt '-H 3J On On On On On On PLi ,_,,_,,_( .^ ,_! ,_, o 172 REPORT OF THE No. 3 (5)" Permits A total of 5,907 permits were issued during the season, covering an area of 54,784 acres, as compared with an average of 6,739 permits covering 26,260 acres for the seasons 1917 to 1922 inclusive. Of this number, 5,677 permits were issued in 207 townships, 159 in unsurveyed territory, and 25 for railway rights-of-way, these latter covering an area of 22,488 acres. With the increase in the size of the Permit Area a corresponding increase is naturally to be expected in the number of permits issued and the acreage burned over. In June however, when a great amount of burning is usually done, the hazard was so great that permits were refused in most localities. The number issued in -July and August was also small. It was necessary for the first time to keep the Permit Regula- tions in operation during October owing to the unusual weather. STATEMENT OF PERMITS ISSUED District Number of Permits 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 Cochrane 1,480 1,122 361 1,000 406 531 362 216 429 2,497 2,126 ' l',774' ■ 754 1,503 1,599 916 1,082 407 1,982 1,887 1,169 756 193 2,275 1,691 1,557 702 199 3,493 2,346 2,179 514 651 Matheson New Liskeard Hearst . . Timmins Kapuskasing Kenora Rainy River All other districts 1,452 459 167 211 407 Totals 5,907 8,603 5,966 6,154 6,635 9,590 3,486 Month Num Der of Permits 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 May 2,131 711 1,314 1,077 566 108 1,992 3,034 1,502 1,580 495 1,154 3,085 364 1,329 34 1,003 2,011 891 1,620 629 1,536 2,786 496 1,475 342 2,248 2,899 2,050 2,156 237 June July August September October. . Totals 5,907 8,603 5,966 6,154 6,635 9,590 3,486 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 173 District Acreage Burned Over Under Permit 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 Cochrane 4,348 5,027 1,160 2,335 918 2,126 35,006 1,374 2,490 8,108 7,613 ' 3',837" 2,591 4,652 5,442 7,726 2,124 988 4,984 5,427 9,768 1,478 424 5,437 4,760 13,521 1,379 925 10,267 7,371 17,863 1,134 1,971 Matheson New Liskeard Hearst Timmins - Kapuskasing Kenora Rainy River All other districts 7,306 2,746 686 768 1,072 Totals 54,784 29,455 23,678 22,767 26,790 39,683 15,186 (6) Equipment The expenditure required annually for the replacement of equipment is necessarily large in an organization with a field stafif of over twelve hundred men, but the purchase of additional and improved fire-fighting equipment must not be overlooked. Forest protection to-day depends largely upon organization and equipment, especially on the mechanical side. The combating of fires with effective means has also a desirable influence in raising the general spirit of the personnel to reduce fire losses. Of the total expenditure of $127,186.92 on equipment this past season, almost one-half the amount was invested in portable forest fire-fighting units and hose. Fifty-four of these units, or pumps as they are commonly called, were purchased, with 2,000 feet of hose for each, and paid for themselves many times over this one season. They not only took the place of manual labour, which was not always available, but enabled the control of fires in places where other- wise it would have been impossible. That no towns nor settlements were burned and no lives lost was due in some instances only to the morale of the field staff and their work with the pumps. During early June five northern towns were seriously endangered, but in each case it was possible with the use of two or three pumps to check the fire before buildings were destroyed. In one instance the situation became so critical that the women and children were placed on a special train ready to leave the town, but the rangers, with their faces muffled with wet cloths so hot was the blaze, were able with three pumps to check the fire and not one building was burned within the town limits. Even after the close of the forest fire season the greater part of one small town, in which is located a Chief Ranger headquarters and storehouse, was saved from destruction by a fire which started within the town itself. The pumps had been stored away for the winter, but the one man at the headquarters was able to have them in operation in a very short time and the fire was stopped with comparatively small loss. These instances demonstrate the usefulness of the forest fire pump in pro- tection work. The average life of a unit is not definitely known, but it is at least five years. The initial outlay therefore, distributed over this period makes the annual charge reasonably small. There are now 88 pumps in stock but many more are needed. In districts where the roads will permit, light delivery trucks are used to good advantage. They provide a means of rapid transport for men and sup- 174 REPORT OF THE No. 3 plies in case of fire, aid a Chief Ranger in the supervision of the district, and in the more thickly settled areas where many burning permits are issued enable the covering of a large territory by one man. Nine such trucks were purchased this past season, six of these being replacements. It is desirable that more be purchased next season, from the standpoint of economy as well as efficiency. In some of the northern districts railway motor cars take the place of the motor trucks, permission being obtained from the railway companies for the operation of the cars over their lines. While not as effective as the automobiles, because of their limited routes of travel, they are almost indispensable espec- ially where the train service is infrequent. Light cars which can be handled by one man are used for inspection work, while for general use a heavier car capable of pulling a loaded trailer is used. All of these cars can carry two men with a pump and 500 feet of hose. A total of nine were purchased during the season, two of these being replacements. In outlying districts where there are neither roads nor railways and on large lakes, motor boats are used, the most common type being the lumberman's pointer equipped with a medium duty motor. In some waters these boats are necessary for the transport of men and supplies, while in others they are a means of economy in that the two boatmen can cover a patrol which would take from four to six canoe-men. They are also the safer method of travel on the larger lakes. Four pointers were purchased this past season, one cabin cruiser, and one open cruiser. The replacement of condemned tents and canoes requires the purchase annually of a number of both, in addition to those required for new patrols. Spares must also be kept on hand for the use of extra fire-fighters. A total of 345 tents were bought during the season, and 120 canoes, the number of tents being exceptional, occasioned by the number required for the large gangs of extra fire-fighters. A total of 3,055 pairs of blankets were bought, this large number being due in part to the supply required for the extra men on duty during the bad fire periods, and in part' to the replacement of a large quantity sent to the fire sufferers in the vicinity of Haileybury in the fall of 1922. Most of the blankets purchased during the past season were made up with distinctive markings. The major equipment in stock at the close of the fire season for use by the 1,200 rangers, consisted of 88 portable fire pumps, 156,500 feet of hose for use with these pumps, 13 automobiles, 27 railway motor cars, 151 railway velocipedes, 29 motor boats, 3 motor canoes, 690 ordinary canoes, 31 riding saddles, 4,300 pairs of blankets, 957 tents, 2,185 axes, 546 grub and ordinary hoes, and 2,541 shovels. (7) Locomotive Inspection As in previous years two men were employed throughout the season on the inspection of fire protective appliances on locomotives operating on railways under the jurisdiction of the Dominion Board of Railway Commissioners, these men acting under appointments as officers of the Board. A total of 41 round-houses and gravel pits were visited periodically, and 1,760 locomotive inspections made, covering 866 locomotives. There were in addition, 21 inspections of locomotives operated by lumber companies, bringing the total number of inspections up to 1,781. The table below shows a steady increase in the number of inspections made each season, and a steady decrease since 1918 in the percentage of locomotives found defective; this percentage in 1923 was only 2.5. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 175 o H U w > O :s O u o ►J ^ tN ■ * 1 1 t^ lO '-I On lO CO 0\ Os'-^ii^lO 0C5 •rH T-IP0-I 4 CN CN * ^ NO 00 * 00 NO NO O o o> -:*< ^ CO CN CN en C ■* '* On » o On O^ rs CO 00 CN 'r; OMr^ CN ■^ ^-H U ON Tt< •* o_ 0; ,_p a tn C o » o 1^ lo NO 00 *~^ CN NO t^ CN -_^ — ' saAnouioooq O lO ID NO NO NO •ok Fioi On Tl< Tt< 00 •O u C V lO t^ CN 03 > •^ CN •* .0° tJ* t^ ID ; ,_, CO '-'S CO CO t^ (U 41 tn 4) E ?^ E fi CSOCOCN »— 5^ NO t^ CO P "-I CN ID 00 00 CN CO CN 00 CN •^^ CN -HID •<* ^ ^ OOO On CN— * CO : :pi : < : :cQ : : '-^ .' < > doi=«oi jn oi oizuui O uu« C< h 1 4; •- S 00 IS 21 <^ (J CO oj CN £ On 3 -H be C C •"* CO tn . 8u 03 S 176 REPORT OF THE No. 3 (8) Improvements The past season was anything but favourable for improvement work, the fire situation keeping all men busy until well into late summer. In spite of this however, considerable was accomplished, most of the work being done by the regular ranging staff. A certain amount of work is necessary each spring on all portages and trails totalling several hundred miles, to clear them of windfalls and debris accumu- lated during the winter months. In addition to the accomplishment of this, over 100 miles of new trails were cut during the season. A total of 55 ranger cabins were erected, most of these having log walls and a pole roof covered with paroid roofing. Nine storehouses were built and three others enlarged, two canoe sheds, seven garages and two boat houses. The largest building was the combined boat and storehouse at Parry Sound, this being a galvanized iron L-shaped building with a plank frame. The boat- house is 36 feet square with three boat slips, and is equipped with a two-ton combined chain hoist and trolley. The storehouse is 22 feet wide and 50 feet long, with skylights throughout. The whole building is set on piling driven to an average depth of 10 feet. The construction of the building was under the direct supervision of the District Forester. The number pf lookout towers was increased by the addition of six 80-foot steel towers and 23 wooden towers, the latter all being put up by the rangers themselves. Several telephone lines were built with a total of 299.5 miles. Principal among these were the following: French Lake to Sturgeon Narrows and north end of Agnes Lake, Rainy River District, ground circuit 50 miles Larder Lake to Mt. Chiminiss, Matheson District, ground circuit 11 Kenney to Red Cedar Lake, North Bay District, ground circuit 28 Parry Sound to Go-Home Bay, Georgian Bay West District, ground circuit 30 Killaloe to south-east corner Niven Township, Algonquin South District, ground circuit 463^ Pembroke to Brent, Algonquin North District, metallic circuit 78 Gilmour to lookout tower in Cashel Township, Trent Dis- trict, ground circuit 13 A light field telephone cable similar to that used for military purposes has been found very satisfactory for temporary telephone lines. Eighty-two miles of this type of line were in use during the season. The total permanent improvements now consist of 253 cabins, 32 store- houses, 18 garages, 7 boat-houses, 2 canoe sheds, 17 steel lookout towers, 100 wooden lookout towers, and 636 miles of telephone line. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 177 SUMMARY OF PERMANENT IMPROVEMENTS Inspectorate Cabins Store- houses Garages Boat- houses Other Build- ings Steel Towers Wooden Towers Tele- phone Lines, miles 56 39 27 91 7 25 8 6 6 3 8 5 3 1 3 5 2 5 ""2" 1 2 2 ........ *1 1 20 17 10 27 1 19 6 175 Cochrane 11 Soo 2 ' '2 7 3 5 Sudburv 144 Georgian Bay Algonquin Trent 50 213 43 Totals 253 32 18 7 2 17 100 636 *Combined boat and storehouse. (9) Air Patrol Aircraft for forest fire detection were used in Ontario for the second time last season. A main flying base was established on Ramsay Lake near Sudbury, and a sub-base on Trout Lake near North Bay. Patrols were made over the northern part of the Georgian Bay and Algon- quin Inspectorates, the greater part of the Sudbury Inspectorate, and the eastern part of the Soo Inspectorate, during the peak of the fire season in May and June, covering an area of approximately 40,000 square miles. Systematic patrols were confined to a part of the Sudbury Inspectorate over an area of 8,100 square miles. The total flying time for the season was 430 hours, the bulk of this being done by the H.S. 2 L type of machine, with occasional flights by a Vicker's "Viking" machine. The flying season extended from the 22nd of May to October 15th, with from two to five machines available. New fires located by the patrols were reported either by dropping messages to the ground stafif, or by telegraph or telephone upon the landing of the machine. Owing to the inability of the H.S. 2 L machines to either land on or take ofT from small lakes, they were used only twice during the season for transporting men and equipment to specific fires. The operations during the two seasons in which aircraft have been used have clearly demonstrated the following facts: 1. That for sighting and locating forest fires aircraft have no equal. 2. That for country similar to that in the western part of the Province, where the expenditure necessary for an efficient ground detection system makes that system prohibitive, patrol by aircraft is the best solution. 3. That in country similar to the above, the use of aircraft of the type available at the present time will not allow a reduction in the ground staff in that territory sufficient to afTect the total pay roll. These machines can be depended upon for detection only, or for transportation for very limited dis- tances. The rangers must therefore be located in the area patrolled to combat the fires reported to them. They may be taken from long canoe patrols and engaged on improvement work at definite points known to the airmen, but they cannot be taken from the territory. 4. That air patrol has a great moral effect both upon the people in the patrol area and upon the rangers themselves. 178 REPORT OF THE No. 3 5. That a special type of machine should be designed for this class of work. The machines available at the present time are not entirely suitable in that the operating costs are high and the "performance" low. (10) Brush Burning. During the winter of 1922-3 an experiment was conducted in the Algonquin Inspectorate to determine the possibilities and probable cost of brush disposal in connection with logging operations. Two gangs of six men, each in charge of a Deputy Chief Ranger, were engaged on this work, one in a pine operation and the other in a pulp operation. In both cases a maximum of slash was produced as everything was taken out from which a log could be obtained. The system of piling and green-burning was followed throughout. Little difficulty was experienced in getting the brush to burn, even when wet, although the burning operations should follow the cutting operations as closely as possible to prevent the covering of the slash by snow. The cost of an operation of this kind varies with the depth of the snow, condition of the weather, density of the slash, and the attitude and experience of the men engaged on the work. Under conditions similar to those existing on the above area slash from a pine operation should be disposed of at a cost of from seventy-five cents to one dollar per thousand feet, and from a pulp operation at a cost of from forty to fifty cents per cord. II. FOREST INVESTIGATION. During the past season two large forest survey projects were undertaken. The details of report on these surveys it is hoped will be published at a later date. The following is a summary of the work accomplished. MississAGi Forest Survey 1. Area. — The territory covered in the following report comprises the Mississagi Forest Reserve, in all some 5,100 square miles, but of this area 700 square miles is held under timber license and was not surveyed. The Mississagi Reserve may be generally located as lying within the triangle formed by the main line of the C.P.R., the Soo Branch of the C.P.R., and the Algoma Central. 2. Object. — To obtain an estimate of all standing timber of merchantable size and to prepare a type map showing forest types and drainage systems. An effort was also made to collect data for the construction of composition stand tables, paying most attention to the reproduction in the young growth stands, also measurements were made on white pine for the construction of a volume table based on taper. 3. Organization. — Field work was organized as a combination of ground estimation and aerial forest type mapping. {a) Ground Work. — Five separate parties were employed, made up of twenty-seven forestry men and twelve others as cooks and packers. Work commenced May 22nd to 24th with each party having a specified piece of country for their season's work. For most of the men Sep- tember 20th closed the season. But an extra party was organized to remain another month. The strip method was used by the ground parties to obtain type boundaries and representative tallies for the estimate, width of line 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 179 varied from eleven to thirty-three feet, thirty-three feet being used in pine stands. Lines were run at one-half mile intervals unless it was quite apparent that a particular stretch of country had no timber of commercial value, when only a sample plot of the type would be taken. Three timber types were recognized : Coniferous — less than 20 per cent, hardwood. Mixed — 20 per cent, to 80 per cent, hardwood. Hardwoods — less than 20 per cent, conifers. Each of the above was further classified to show second and young growth stands. (b) Aerial Type Mapping. — Two foresters were engaged on this work with a main base at Biscotasing and two sub-bases at Como and Kirkpatrick lakes. Roughly, one-half of the area was mapped in one hundred and fifty flying hours. Aerial type work was as far as possible confined to country where the timber was of non-commercial value or which was unusually difficult of access to the ground party. 4. Results: Drainage. — The whole reserve falls into four main drainage basins, a small area in the north being in the James Bay drainage. Down the west side the Montreal, Batchewana and Goulais rivers all flow to Lake Superior. The third and largest area is drained by the Mississagi and tributaries, while the fourth comprises a small area in the southeast draining into the Spanish. Topography. — The area is well-drained, there being less than two per cent, classed as muskeg. Across the north and east half there is little re'i^f, the country being made up of a succession of low rolling hills. From the Wenebegon river westward, however, more rocky outcrops are noted and the whole could be termed hilly. The rivers in this western section all have steep sides and rnany falls and rapids. Forest Conditions, General. — In distribution of species, the reserve marks the northern limit of hard maple and yellow birch and also of commercial white and red pine. For while pine occurs north of the reserve, the quantity, 125 million board feet on 4,000 square miles covered by the Missinabie survey, or fifty feet per acre, is insignificant. An approximate figure for the Mississagi Reserve would be 500 feet board measure per acre. This pine appears to be typical, for when the volume table prepared from measurements made on the reserve was compared with existing tables very little difference was noted. In general, the whole area may be termed a transition between the southern type of forest and the more northerly spruce-balsam forest. Types, General. — The mixed type is largely composed of jack pine, spruce, balsam, and in two-thirds of the area, white and red pine in varying quantities. The hardwoods in the mixture are chiefly white birch, poplar, and in the south- west a scattering of hard maple and yellow birch. The coniferous type is represented by stands of pure spruce, jack pine and spruce mixture, and white and red pine mixture. White and red pine also occur in pure stands. The coniferous types are generally confined to more poorly drained areas, low gravelly plains and rocky uplands. The hardwood type is confined to the south-westerly part of the reserve. These hardwoods, maple and yellow birch, occur generally on uplands having a north or west exposure. The maple and yellow birch are living at the northern limit of their distribution and are generally stunted, crooked and limby, with a great prevalence to heart rot. 5. Co5/.— Flying, $17,700; ground work, $23,000. 180 REPORT OF THE No. 3 NiPiGON Aerial Forest Survey Area. — The territory covered in the following report includes the eastern half of the Nipigon Forest Reserve in the District of Thunder Bay, together with adjacent territory, mainly draining into Lake Nipigon, though beyond the reserve boundaries, in all some 4,800 square miles. In detail, the boundaries are as follows: Windigo Bay (Lake Nipigon), north along Rapid creek to the north line, Canadian National Railway; east to the Pikitigushi river to White- clay lake; east down the Ogoki river to Otter river; south up the Otter river; down the Makoki river; up the Kapikotongwa river to the reserve boundary; east to the northeast corner of Nipigon Forest Reserve; south by the eastern boundary of the reserve to the height of land (Great Lakes-James Bay watershed)' along the height of land to Fecteau lake; west to the reserve boundary; along the reserve boundary to Hydro falls on the Nipigon river; north along the Nipigon river and the east shore of Lake Nipigon to Windigo bay. Procedure. — Orient bay, on the Canadian National Railway, at the south end of Pijitawabik bay on Lake Nipigon, was used as a main base of operation. Subsequently, a sub-base was established on a small island in Ombabika bay near the mouth of Ombabika river, in order to facilitate working over the northern area, and to minimize ineffective flying time. The work commenced on June the 9th and was completed on July 13th. It was carried out by two foresters, who sketched the areas flown over from the front cockpit of flying boats. One forester had had previous experience at this particular kind of work, while the other received training during the course of the operation. The sketching was done on mounted maps, scale one mile to the inch, which showed, when finished, all lakes, large streams and rivers, as well as the forest types. These mounted maps were cut to a size of approximately 12x18 inches, covering an area of six six-mile townships each. This was found to be the most desirable size of map for sketching work in this type of country. As soon as a field sheet was finished to the forester's satisfaction, it was transferred to a field base map, scale two miles the inch. In this way the base map was kept up to date, and any errors in tying in field sheets discovered before leaving the operation, and corrections made. In cases where types were not readily recognized from the air, landings were made in suitable lakes in order to permit an examination of the types on the ground. Topography. — Topographically, that part of the above territory draining into Lake Nipigon is similar to the north shore drainage basin of Lake Superior. The surface is rough, and broken by deep ravines, with numerous lakes of irregular outline and occurrence, scattered very generally throughout the whole region. Streams are usually short and rapid. Soils are typically shallow and coarse. Where the territory under consideration extends beyond the Nipigon drainage into Hudson Bay waters, a more or less gradual modification towards the flat, poorly-drained country, typical of the greater part of this whole basin, is dis- tinctly noticeable, particularly in the north and northeasterly direction. Forest Distribution. — Consideration of the territory from this standpoint divides it immediately, on a basis of fire history, into two sharply contrasted areas of very unequal size, which may be conveniently referred to as the Northern and Southern Areas, respectively, having as a rough common boundary the north line of the Canadian National Railway. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 181 (a) Northern Area — The northern area, some fifteen hundred square miles, or 30 per cent, of the whole, is unusually dry, or lacking in lakes and rivers, and has been subjected to severe and repeated burning, so that, with the exception of 100 square miles of moderately good spruce pulpwood in the northwest corner, tributary to James Ba\ drainage (see type map), fully 85 per cent, may now be classified as barren, burned and muskeg, with a liberal 15 per cent, allowance for the scrubby remains of former timber stands fringing watercourses, and in damp hollows. Under the above conditions it was not considered advisable to expend the time or run the risks necessary to prepare a detailed type map of this territory. (b) Southern Area — South of the northern line of the Canadian National Railway, very much less country has been burned over, at least within the last eighty years. (1) General Forest Conditions — Due to the rugged character of the country, and lack of soil, the area as a source of timber is rather disappointing. Rocky uplands, sometimes fairly level, with very thin soils, bounded by quite abrupt boulder-strewn slopes, and covered with either open park-like stands, or undersized slow-growing stands, are of common occurrence and might be taken as typical of a great deal of the southern area. Better stands are confined to lake basins, valleys, and scattered sand plains, with a few notable exceptions, where best quality mixed stands occur on high plateaus. (2) Occurrence of Types — The predominating type is a mixture of spruce or jack pine with poplar and birch, though occasionally both spruce and jack pine enter into the mixture. Pure conifer follows mixed, in order of frequency of occurrence. It is found as both a lowland, pure spruce swamp and as an upland type, although in this latter situation there is frequently a slight mixture of birch and poplar. Pure birch and poplar stands occur in such small patches that the type was not differentiated, but was thrown in as a mixed type. (3) Species occurring in commercial quantities — Black spruce, white spruce, jack pine, balsam, poplar and birch. (4) Species occurring in non-commercial quantities — White pine, red pine, black ash, cedar, tamarack. (5) One hundred and four hours' flying — Four special landings for sample plot work, and investigation of timber conditions. (6) Cost- Approximately, one-half cent per acre; total cost, approximately, $15,000. 182 REPORT OF THE No. 3 III.— REFORESTATION Provincial Forest Stations : Norfolk County (St. Williams). Durham County (Orono). Simcoe County (Midhurst). Kemptville Transplant Nursery. Forest Plantations: Sand Banks. Hendrie. Tree Planting: Private Planting. Demonstration Plots. Inspection. Seed Collecting. NORFOLK COUNTY— (ST. WILLIAMS) Seed beds were sown during both the spring and fall season. Fall seeding is being favoured and is now possible since a surplus supply of seed is available. A more equal division of labour is, however, the chief incentive toward fall seeding as this relieves at least one imperative operation during the spring rush. SPRING SOWING OF CONIFEROUS SEED Species Collected Origin No. of Beds Sown Amount Seed Per Bed lbs. ozs. Totals, lbs. Scotch Pine 1922 1922 1922 1922 Norfolk County. . . . Norfolk County .... Quebec Danish 110 70 60 15 " T" 12 10 14 4 Jack Pine White Spruce European Larch Totals 255 1971/2 FALL SOWING OF CONIFEROUS SEED Species Collected Origin No. of Beds Sown Amount Seed Per Bed lbs. ozs. Totals, lbs. White Pine 1922 1923 1922 1922 Simcoe County Simcoe County Simcoe County Simcoe County 200 358 13 1 ........ 1 4 13 4 250 Red Pine 290 J^ 411/4 13 White Cedar White Spruce Totals 604 595}^ 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 183 Hardwoods of the various species are propagated in addition to the common conifers. SOWING OF HARDWOOD SEED Species Collected Origin When Sown How Sown Total (Bus.) Soft Maple 1923 1923 1923 1922 1923 1923 1923 1923 1922 1922 1922 1923 Pr. Edward County (I u « « « « « « « « (( « Lanark County Norfolk County Pr. Edward County Simcoe County « « Norfolk County « « Spring « « « Fall « Spring u u « Fall Seed Beds Flats Seed beds « « Flats « « Seed beds « « « « Drills 2 « « 4 White Elm 6 White Ash 8 u « 20 Hard Maple •. . . 21/2 Manitoba Maple l'/2 8 Red Maple White Birch l'/2 V2 Honey Locust Black Locust J4 Black Walnut 135 Totals 189M Nursery Lines During the spring, 2,927,700 transplants were Hned out on an area of approximately fourteen acres. The season's planting indicates rapidly increasing production. SPRING TRANSPLANTING OF CONIFERS Species Age. Yrs. Origin No. of Seedlings Scotch Pine Scotch Pine Red Pine Jack Pine Jack Pine European Larch White Spruce . . . Red Cedar Totals . Norfolk County Norfolk County Simcoe County Norfolk County Norfolk County Danish Simcoe County Norfolk Countv 242,000 446,000 1,140,000 94.000 800,000 180,000 25,000 700 2,927,700 In recent years fall transplanting of one and two year old seedlings has given satisfactory results. Heaving and winter browning is guarded against by protective permanent hedges, intervening rows of sorghum and mulching with rye straw or strawy manure. 184 REPORT OF THE No. 3 FALL TRANSPLANTING OF CONIFERS Species Age. Yrs. Origin No. of Seedlings White Pine 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 Simcoe County Simcoe County Simcoe County Simcoe County Simcoe County Danish Simcoe County Norfolk County 242,800 White Pine Red Pine 735,000 633,600 Red Pine 225,000 White Spruce Norway Spruce White Cedar 280,000 275,000 192,000 Red Cedar 480 Total 2,583,880 It has been found advisable to line out hardwoods at the end of their first growing season, and cultivate them another year in the nursery before disposal for permanent planting. During the recent fall the following hardwoods have been transplanted: — Species White Elm Soft Maple Red Maple Hard Maple .... Manitoba Maple. White Ash Reech White Birch .... Honey Locust . . . Catalpa White Walnut . . Black Walnut . . . Age. Yrs. Origin Prince Edward County Prince Edward County Prince Edward County Lanark County Norfolk County Simcoe County Prince Edward County Prince Edward County Prince Edward County Norfolk County Norfolk County Norfolk County No. of Seedlings 65,000 7,00 27,000 74,000 2,000 80,000 11,000 10,000 8,700 1,600 11,000 10,000 Total 307,300 Distribution of transplants to other Provincial Forest Stations, and Plantations was made as follows: SPRING DISTRIBUTION OF TRANSPLANTS TO GOVERNMENT STATIONS Species Provincial Forest Stations Provincial Forest Plantations Totals Orono Midhurst Simcoe Co. Sand Banks Scotch Pine 138,000 380,000 163,000 69,000 121,000 338,000 258,000 170,000 64,000 210,000 531,000 82,000 87,500 74,000 241,500 92,000 410,500 Red Pine 1,002,000 Jack Pine 1,193,500 European Larch 413,000 Totals 750,000 887,000 887,000 495,000 3,019,000 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 185 FALL DISTRIBUTION OF TRANSPLANTS TO GOVERNMENT STATIONS Species Provincial Forest Stations Provincial Forest Plantations To'als Orono Midhurst Simcoe Co. Sand Banks White Pine Scotch Pine 480,000 535,000 . 154,000 25,000 74,000 1,194,000 74,000 Red Pine 130,000 137,000 108,000 375,000 Jack Pine 256,500 42,500 24,000 81,000 256,500 White Spruce Norway Spruce White Cedar 175,000 98,000 42,000 125,000 80,000 45,000 100,000 100,000 27,000 442,500 302,000 195,000 Totals 925,000 922,000 489,000 503,000 2,839,000 On account of increased seedling production it has been found necessary to become more intensive in our nursery practice. This means an almost con- tinual cropping of the productive area, which in turn demands heavy fertiHzing. Both animal and commercial fertilizers have been applied as tabulated below: FERTILIZERS Animal Fertilizers Mineral Fertilizers Location Manure (tons) Dried Blood (lbs.) Lime (tons) Acid Phosphate (lbs.) Sulphate of Ammonia (lbs.) Lot 1 4 36 12 60 11 11 3 16 15 15 17 15 15 18 7 13 5 6 19 10 12 18 45 4 10 50 8 20 20 18 22 15 350 .SOO 125 300 225 225 160 4 2 4 800 150 800 800 600 6C0 800 800 400 400 400 Lot 2 150 Lot 3 Lot 4 150 Lot 5 Lot 8 4 Lot 9 Lot 11 Lot 12 200 Lot 13 Lot 14 Lot 15 Lot 16 Lot 17 Lot 18 Lot 19 Lot 20 Lot 21 Lot 22 150 Lot 23 Lot 24 Lot 25 150 Lot 26 150 Lot 27 Lot 28 ■ Lot 29 Lot 30 Lot 31 Lot 32 2 2 2 Lot 34 Lot 35 Lot 36. s 550 (tons) 1,685 (lbs.) 20 (tons) 6,550 (lbs.) 950 (lbs.) 186 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Additions to Property. — Two very necessary buildings were constructed this year. A two storey frame shed 20' x 60' was built to meet the demands of inside storage space for seed bed rails, stakes, frames, stringing tables, lath mats, crates, crating material and various sorts of dressed lumber requisite to every forest station. Norfolk County leads in tree planting. Many plantations originated several years ago and are now bearing an annually increasing quantity of cones. The requirement of a seed extracting plant long felt, has this year been overcome, by the building of a three storey concrete structure 20' x 30' in dimension. This plant is capable of meeting maximum demands for many years to come, and is a most important addition to the station. Roads. — All woods roads have been brushed and widened. One and three quarter miles of new fire line 24 feet in width was cleared and grubbed, while a narrower 16 foot belt one mile in length was cut, delineating three one-hundred acre lots. With the exception of a short fire line of 650 yards yet to be cleared, the entire thirteen lots comprising the station, are now protected by these fire roads. All old lines have been maintained by discing and plowing. Silviculture. — During the past winter and early spring, eighty acres of mixed hardwood type on Lot 23, Concession 6, was subjected to improvement cutting. An additional area comprising approximately one hundred acres of brush land on Lots 19, 20, 21, 5th Concession, has been cleaned up in anticipation of planting permanent stock during the ensuing year. Protection. — Three men were employed during the summer months on the work of eradicating members of the family "ribes," for the prevention of the white pine blister rust. No report of an outbreak of this disease was recorded. The immunity belt was considerably enlarged. The work of the white pine weevil was apparent and, curiously, more prevalent during the latter part of June and in July. It cannot be said, however, that more damage than usual was caused by this pest. Infected leaders and all trees showing disease were destroyed. No fire damage occurred on the property in spite of the fact that the spring season was an exceptionally dry one. Several neighbouring fires were reported and assistance sent from this point. The stock list of material at this station is as follows: HARDWOODS Ash, White 122,000 Butternut 59,600 Basswood 1,200 Beech 1 1,000 Birch, White 10,200 Chestnut 4,000 Catalpa 2,600 Elm, American 102,600 Hickory 250 Hackberry 450 Locust, Black 4,000 Locust. Honey 18,400 Maple, Manitoba 2,950 Maple, Soft 61,000 Maple, Red 27,000 Maple, Hard 159,000 Oak, Red 4,000 Poplar, Rooted 2,000 Poplar, Cuttings 250,000 Tulip 10,300 Walnut, Black 76,000 Willow, Rooted 300 Willow, Cuttings 50,000 978,850 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 187 CONIFERS Balsam 151 ,00 Cedar, White 2,752,000 Cedar, Red = 480 Larch, European 195,600 Larch, Japanese 28,000 Pine, White 3,027,800 Pine, Scotch 2,625,000 Pine, Jack 3,556,000 Pine, Red 1,557,000 Pine, Austrian 8,000 Spruce, White 1,221,500 Spruce, Norway 310,000 15,432,380 Grand total 16,411,230 DURHAM COUNTY— (ORONO) As this has been the first full season's operations our work has been more of a preparative and organizing nature than any extensive nursery work. This consisted in the establishing of windbreaks around the outside of the whole area, the lining out and establishing of permanent nursery roads, repairing of fences, etc., besides general soil culture operations. Nursery operations were as follows: Seeding. — Spring sowing commenced April 30th and continued until May 19th, a total of 92 beds being set out. SPRING SOWING OF CONIFEROUS BEDS Species Collected Origin No. of Beds sown Amount Seed per bed lbs. ozs. Totals lbs. ozs. Balsam Cedar, White 1922 1922 1921 1921 1922 1022 1922 1922 Smcoe Co. Simcoe Co. Denmark Simcoe Co. Norfolk Co. Norfolk Co. Simcoe Co. Simcoe Co. 5 5 1 10 5 2 (ex- peri- men- tal) 60 4 1 "i 1 1 8 12 U 10 5 8 7 3 1 7 4 90 4 8 12 Larch, Japan Pine, Red 8 Pine, Scotch 2 Pine, Scotch 10 Pine. White Spruce, White Totals 92 118 8 Work on fall seed beds commenced November 1st and, when weather conditions compelled a cessation of work on November 15th, a total of 78 beds had been sown. FALL SOWING OF CONIFEROUS BEDS Species Collected Origin No. of Beds sown Amount Seed per Bed lbs. ozs. Totals lbs. ozs. Balsam 1922 1922 1923 1922 Simcoe Co. Simcoe Co. Simcoe Co. Simcoe Co. 2 10 36 30 1 i 10 14 12 8 3 9 27 45 4 Cedar, White 2 Pine, Red Pine, White Totals 78 84 6 188 REPORT OF THE No 3 A small quantity of hardwood seed was also sown, the seeding roller used so successfully last year being employed throughout except for walnuts which were "dibbled in." SOWING OF HARDWOOD SEED Species Origin Date of Sowing Amount of Seed Sown bushels White Ash Prince Edward County Prince Edward County Prince Edward County and York County York County Durham County Lanark County April 15 April 20 June 21 June 23 November 20 November 23 5 Hard Maple 5 Soft Maple White Elm 6 M Walnut 20 Hard Maple ¥2 Totals. 36% Nursery Lines. — During the spring, 760,000 seedlings of verious species were received from St. Williams and transplanted in beds. The Yale Trans- plant Board was used throughout. SPRLNG TRANSPLANTING OF SEEDLINGS Species Age Number received Scotch Pine 2 years 2 years 1 year 1 year 138,000 Jack Pine 163,000 Red Pine 380,000 European Larch 69,000 Totals 750,000 In the autumn transplanting commenced on August 27th and the quota from St. Williams was completed September 20th, During this period 925,000 seedlings were received and transplanted. FALL TRANSPLANTING OF SEEDLINGS Species White Pine White Pine White Spruce. . Norway Spruce . White Cedar. . . Red Pine Total. Age 1 year 2 years 2 years 2 years 2 years 1 year Number received 210,000 270,000 175,000 98,000 42,000 130,000 925 000 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 189 STOCK ON HAND DECEMBER 15, 1923 Hardwoods: Ash, White. .• 33,250 Butternut 3,900 Elm, White f ,300 Maple, Hard 42,000 Maple, Red 94,750 Maple, Silver 26,500 Walnut 1,150 Willow Cuttings 200,000 — 408,850 Conifers: Balsam 125,000 Cedar, White 1-32,000 Larch, European 55,000 Larch, Japanese 10,000 Pine, Jack 155,000 Pine, Red .' 622,000 Pine, Scotch 329,250 Pine, White 1,105,000 Spruce, White 342,500 Spruce, Norwav 170,000 3,045,750 Grand total 3,454,600 Fertilizers. — The greater part of the operations in connection with the nursery area were confined to cultural operations for soil fertility, upbuilding and tilth improvement. In this connection a crop of Fall rye was ploughed under in May and buckwheat, planted immediately after as a weed eradicator, was ploughed under in early July. An application of hydrated lime was also made to correct soil acidity. Fertilizers, other than green manures, applied during the year may be summarized as follows: Animal Mineral Manure (tons) Dried Blood (lbs.) Acid Phosphate (lbs.) Sulph. of Ammonia (lbs.) Mur. of Pot. (lbs.) Hyd. Lime (tons) 34 250 400 125 250 15 Additions to Property. — During the early part of the year one of the two houses situated on the property was completely renovated and enlarged by one room to accommodate the sub-foreman. The interior was replastered and redecorated. A shed at the rear of this house was also painted and made weather tight to serve as a temporary tool-house and work-shop. A headquarters house was built, consisting of seven rooms and an office. The house is frame, 30' x 30', and is of the storey and a half bungalow type. The headquarters was also connected with the Hydro-Electric system in the village. Construction of the necessary 1,000 feet of line was carried out in such a manner as to permit of the development of power should this later be considered advisable. Roads. — The road connecting the forest station with the village was placed on a permanent basis, while several of the more necessary nursery roads were lined out, graded and gravelled to improve internal communication. 190 REPORT OF THE No. 3 SIMCOE COUNTY— (MI DHURST) Spring transplanting commenced on April 26th, and continued till May 30th. The seedlings were received from the St. Williams Station. SPRING TRANSPLANTING Species Age (years) No. of Plants European Larch 1 1 2 2 170 000 Red Pine 338,000 Scotch Pine 121,000 Jack Pine 258 000 Total 887,000 Fall transplanting commenced on August 22nd and finished on September 9th. A few hardwoods were transplanted on November 10th. The fall stock was also received from St. Williams. FALL TRANSPLANTING Species White Pine White Pine White Spruce. . Norway Spruce . Red Pine White Cedar. . . Honey Locust. . Hard Maple. . . White Elm Total . Age (years) No. of Plants 295,000 240,000 125,000 80,000 137,000 45,000 2,000 4,000 5,000 933,000 Total number of transplants 1,820,000. Extensive seed bed work was not undertaken this year on account of lack of watering facilities. Four seed beds of white pine, jack pine, Scotch pine and white spruce were sown on May 25th as an experiment. These did well. It is intended to put in a large number of seed beds in the spring as a water system will be installed. Forty-five acres of old stump land were planted with Scotch and jack pine. These were quite successful in protected places, but on open plains on account of prolonged drought the grasshoppers played havoc with plantations. Planting next spring will largely be shelter belts and hedges. Two mixed hardwood plantations were also planted, and these did extra well. The nursery ground has been manured and worked. Cow peas were grown as a soiling crop. It is thought that this is too far north as they did not develop well, but no definite conclusions can be drawn as this was an exceptionally dry season. Owing to the dry summer seeds sown in June never germinated. Seventeen acres of rye were sown this fall to be turned under next summer. Buckwheat was also used as a soiling crop. Five acres were stumped and cleaned up. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 191 Silviculture. — During the fall improvement cuttings in second growth maple, ash, elm oak and poplar were carried on. Weed trees, badly formed trees, and standing dead t mber were cut for cord wood. Piling and burning and lopping were used in brush disposal. During early winter a swamp is to be cleaned up. Considerable cutting was done a few years back leaving tops and debris. This, along with standing dead timber, will be worked up into wood, and we propose burning brush next spring. Additions to Property. — Considerable building has been done this year. Foreman's and teamster's houses have been erected; the former is 26' x 30', a two storey frame house; the latter is 28' x 24', a semi bungalow type. Both houses are completed and occupied. A driving shed 101' x 30' was constructed with steel siding and shingles. In one end is a work-shop and tool-house. An up-to-date stable was also built. The stable is cement with a large loft sided and shingled with steel. The stable accommodates nineteen horses, and is equipped with B.T. steel equipment, A pumping house 14' x 20' is partially constructed. Water System. — There is a spring creek that has its origin on the property, and it is proposed to pump water from this spring into a 20,000 gallon tank for seed bed work. The water is flowing at the rate of 9,000 gallons per hour. A concrete dam has been built forming a reservoir from which to pump water. Buttments for water tank are ready and 4" iron piping, connecting pumping station and water tower, is laid, 4" iron piping from tower to buildings is also laid and this is tapped by 1" piping for houses, stable and shed. Water will be available in the spring as soon as tank and pumping units are installed. Fencing. — 500 rods of wire fencing has been constructed. A creosoting plant consisting of an iron tank and a wood tank were installed. A large number of butts of posts were creosoted, 250 posts from Simcoe County plantation were also creosoted. Roads. — A beginning has been made in roads through second growth hard- woods. On account of gravel being within a mile of station we were able to do considerable gravelling of roads around buildings, and to water tower and pumping station. Survey. — A base line was laid through station by transit. Using this transit line as base line a plane table survey of property was made. NURSERY STOCK ON HAND, DECEMBER, 1923 Hardwoods : Honey Locust 2,000 Hard Maple 4,000 White Elm 5,000 Butternut 22,000 33,000 Conifers: White Pine 515,000 Red Pine 315,000 Scotch Pine 380,000 jack Pine 350,000 European Larch 150,000 Norway Spruce 80,000 White Spruce 225,000 White Cedar. . 45,000 2,060,000 Grand total 2,093,000 192 REPORT OP^ THE No. 3 KEMPTVILLE TRANSPLANT NURSERY A small nursery has been established this year, in conjunction with the Kemptville Agricultural School. An area of two acres has been set aside, to be enlarged as neecied, on which three hundred thousand transplants were set out. These will be used as a demonstration of tree growing for the students of the school and will be supplied to private land-owners in the eastern part of the Province for reforesting work. FOREST PLANTATIONS SAND BANKS The work done on the Sand Banks of Prince Edward County thus far has shown that only trees which will grow under the most adverse conditions are of use in work of this kind. The two trees used most up to the present are green willow and Carolina poplar, limb material being used on the exposed areas and cuttings on the protected places. As suitable willow material for this work is available in large quantities close by, an effort was made to get as much as possible, to stem the march of the sand. In all during the year one hundred and sixty-five cords were planted as well as several thousand cuttings. One of the chief difficulties in this work is to prevent the sand from covering the planted areas during the time of a severe wind storm. The time of the year when this sort of damage is most severe is in winter when the sand mingles with snow, or rides rapidly over it accumulating, in some places, several feet deep. To prevent such drifting, catch fences have been erected at regular intervals and at right angles to the direction of greatest drift. These are made of brush woven on wire, laths woven on wire and eight foot plank stood on end. Such fences catch the sand much in the same way as snow fences behave on a railroad right-of-way, and prevent excessive drifting and give the trees a chance to become established. During the summer 2,000 feet of plank fence and 3,000 feet of lath and brush fence we're "erected for this purpose. Besides the work of planting on the Sand Banks some six acres have been prepared for nursery work and are being usd for transplants. Material of this kind growing at the station is as follows: HARDWOODS Ash, White 8,300 Walnut 15,450 Butternut 11,000 Red Oak 1,100 Soft Maple 250 Hard Maple 20,300 Honey Locust 7,000 Elm 4,200 67,600 CONIFERS Scotch Pine. 156,400 Jack Pine 684,500 Red Pine 74,000 White Pine 46,300 White Spruce 214,100 Norway Spruce 24,500 Cedar, White 72,800 European Larch .' 20,000 1,202,600 Grand total 1,449,600 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 193 HENDRIE Permanent planting and transplanting seedlings from the St. Williams Station was done. Scotch and jack pine were used in permanent planting. Part of planting material was received from St. Williams and the rest was taken from nursery lines at the plantation. 163 acres were planted with Scotch and jack pine. Fail places in 1922 plantations were planted up. Additional hedges were planted around nursery land for windbreaks. SPRING TRANSPLANTING Species Age, Year No. of Plants Jack Pine 2 1 2 1 1 500,000 Red Pine 200,000 Scotch Pine European Larch 65,000 82,000 Elm 35,000 Total 882,000 FALL TRANSPLANTING Species Age, Year No. of Plants White Pine 2 2 2 1 69,000 White Spruce 242,000 White Cedar 25,000 Red Pine 85,000 Total 321,000 Total Transplants 1,203,000 Roads. — The 1,000 acre block has been divided into compartments. Old roads were used as much as possible as boundaries of these compartments. These roads, along with other roads, made to separate compartments, have been plowed and stumps cleaned out. These roads will be maintained as fire roads. Fencing. — A woven wire fence was constructed around the 1,000 acre block. This took 1,300 rods of fencing. Nursery Stock on Hand December, 1923 HARDWOODS Walnut 5,000 Butternut 4,000 Soft Maple 2,0000 Sugar Maple 14,000 White Ash 12,000 7 L.F. 55,000 194 REPORT OF THE No. 3 CONIFERS Jack Pine 446,000 Scotch Pine 50,000 Red Pine 220,000 White Pine 210,000 European Larch 60,000 White Spruce 425,000 White Cedar 45,000 1,456,000 Grand total 1,511,000 SUMMARY OF TREES GROWING IN NURSERIES Norfolk County (St. Williams) 16,411,230 Durham County (Orono) 3,454,600 Simcoe County (Midhurst) 2,093,000 Hendrie 1,511,000 Sand Banks 1,449,000 Kemptville 300,000 Total. 25,218,830 TREE PLANTING PRIVATE PLANTING This work was carried on in the same manner as in previous years. More applications were received than could be filled and for work of this kind 602 separate persons received material for either commencing a new woodlot or for improving their existing one. DEMONSTRATION PLOTS During the winter of the current year, municipalities were interested in establishing demonstration plots, in order to bring before their local residents the value of planting trees on non-agricultural land. Several hundred circulars were distributed (under the caption "Municipal Demonstration Plots") to township councils throughout southern old Ontario where work of this kind would be most profitable. The following new plots were established during the spring planting season : Albemarle (East) — Bruce County Situated about one mile west of Colpoys Bay post office on the main road north. A fifteen acre plot, seven of which were planted this year with 2,000 Scotch pine, 6,200 jack pine and 750 mixed hardwoods. Albermarle (West) — Bruce County. Situated one mile north of Red Bay school-house on the road to Howden Vale. A five acre plot of light sand planted with 4,000 jack pine and 2,000 Scotch pine. Innisfil (Community Park) — Simcoe This plot forms a part of the township's 100 acre community park on the shores of Lake Simcoe. The trees were planted on a part of a thirty acre block bordering two roadways, set aside for demonstration purposes. This year there were planted 2,500 Scotch pine, and 2,000 jack pine. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 195 Innisfil (Provincial Highway) — Simcoe County Situated on the Provincial Highway to Barrie at the corner of the 7th Concession Road. A field of light land, a part of which was planted with 2,000 Scotch pine, 2,000 jack pine and 500 soft maple. Kemptville Agricultural School — Grenville County This plot forms a part of the school property, is about twenty acres in size and extends along the Ottawa-Prescott Highway. This year ten acres were set out with 6,000 Scotch pine, 6,000 jack pine, 300 soft maple, 500 walnut and 100 butternut. Mountain Village— Dundas County This plot forms part of the village community park. Three acres were set out with 2,500 Scotch pine and 2,500 jack pine, 200 elm and 200 soft maple. Of the plots already established, the following have either had their areas extended or have been supplemented where necessary with new trees: Beeton Village — 10,000 Scotch pine, 40,000 jack pine. Burford Township —500 Scotch pine, 500 red oak, 1,500 soft maple, 500 elm. Colborne Township — 1,000 Scotch pine, 5,000 jack pine. Cramahe Township — 1,000 Scotch pine, 4,000 jack pine, 2,000 poplar. Darlington Township — 1,000 Scotch pine, 200 walnut, 200 red oak. Essa Township — 2,000 Scotch pine, 6,000 jack pine, 1,000 poplar. Norfolk County ■ — 10,000 Scotch pine, 40,000 jack pine. Plantagenet Township — 3,000 Scotch pine, 4,000 jack pine. Sunnidale Township — 3,000 Scotch pine, 9,000 jack pine, 6,000 poplar. INSPECTION The inspection of plantations owned by individuals and supplied with material from the Ontario Forestry Branch, was carried on from the point reached last summer (1922). The area covered comprises the counties of Bruce, Huron, Kent, Essex, and Norfolk. The last named county supports a great number of these planta- tions (considerably greater than any of the others). This is due to the proximity of the St. Williams Forest Station from which trees may be fetched personally by those who wish to plant them. The total number of plantations in Norfolk County, including those under 500 trees and those planted this year, amounts to 280. The next county to this is York with 138 plantations. A total of 124 plantations were visited, which are apportioned among the counties as follows: Norfolk 72 Kent 15 Essex ._ 8 Bruce ." 13 Huron 16 These plantations are of all ages and size, ranging from those planted in the spring of 1922 to those commenced in 1907 and 1908. The individual area averages approximately one and a half acres. As regards the general success of these plantings 84.7 per cent, have made good where the test is a survival of 33 per cent, of trees in each case. There was very little sign of disease among the trees. A few of the white pine plantations have been attacked by the weevil, but in no case to any serious extent. The Scotch pine are invariably in a healthy condition. 196 REPORT OF THE No. 3 H Z W < w CL, Q W H Cu t/) W U Pi; H o >^ < o in Mani- toba Maple 0 0 Black Locust ■ 0 • 0 - S cN'^'i-r 0 00 Willow Cut- ■ tings 00 o :8§ 0 10 "o'cvT 10 00 »o Poplar Cut- tings OvOO o "~y O O II >0 0) OS 0 ^. 0 o 0 *^ 0 rt s 0 PiO CNOO-J3 \000 ■■-1 J-^ '— 1 0 c .0 1 c 0 u Q a a 02 •0 c a C/2 >^ C 3 0 u ^ a . > > ■M c/j o rtoopQ O 4; Jt3 2^- 0 ro i-J - 1 "^ -coo t~''w o CQ-Q 1 1n en '. c-* ^ . o c £'— '.22 «:^ 'gc'5'o u *^ "" u . • rt 3 OJ 0) 5 ^ = -0=^5 H ^ ° c ^ "il3 c/5e en a> d..2 en 1 O H c ^11 ;2: tH O d Ov > o 00 o oo" <^ . 0\ 4-1 O 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OFL ANDS AND FORESTS 209 S bo 02 ^ h ;„' ::,' .5 o a« O 8jO a" 0-0 >- c -^ ^°^ , *" c Si . E o u'T. coo -"^ — .J o 1- u • =" -^ 2X2. oa, o a -0 ^ '3 +J •S « ^ ■- o o .to-- O 3 O 00 3 3 C C - ^ O, a> ^ i^+J ..O --r J - ^" ^ "^ 0. t.« O ^ C <" jj 2 > Z ts 3 ■u t3 •- 03 ^ C J£ 0° MPSj O 3 03 O 1- I- ^'^Pi 6 3 ^ 01 o u 3 O 1-1 g, O u, u c . o o >^ ■^ CQ '^ -Z •I c ■ vo '" J3H O c/1 ■*-> H « .2 O -w/^ ^< ,'• " o . . rcQ t-."UUCQ »J ■ - *J ■U l-- 01 o .^ tn >*-i O s-^ «- >> o ,^ oJ -^ >-, JSiC C 0) '_5 <^ 10 G ►^" o^ Z^ o CO o O in !-■ ^i: "^ 3 c> > '-' o Z rs) Ov > ^ O Z o «N . Oy > '-' O z o\ •^ o Z So 210 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Ui S ^ 'CO 03 O o ^ ^ ..Si r- o s^ a . 2 '^ . (UOU . "^ . . ^ V- 2 c 7: a «o^- 2 o . w S 3 • o c/3 1-2 I-, w O (U— < OITSO 3 C CL rrt on tl; O Cu cC 00 ' '=' «■ -;,- >^=: oT '^ ^ 2 o 30 ^ .~ u T ^€^ ID '^ g-u a— . m.b o ^ uj • is oS ^ o a _a I 1- •-a>'2 ..2 a^ 3 o.^U S ^- a a 1- 2 lo' . sac 4,(|: +j •- a, ..2 .si^m 03 -o ^ +j . 03 a aj e <"^ '-M o atS.5fH^ 03 .— m ^^ Pi Ot-i a. 2 ■SO. +j 03 O OJ O-^ -o — oT g O- a> . « a W(M a S — 03 XI ©?■ 0) :> CB '^'O 03 U. O 01 0) O 3 R 3 fe V c} o C lU ■>-' S d c 0.2 ■^ 03 o C u 0-- =^5 art I/-1 ^^ "— ' fc 3 j- On . 05 .£^ a<5 ^voP2 g o; oi O) Or « aSU T3 O biO cQ ?J 3 y.& ,5 5 C - c 03 .. ^ 3 0) 3 4) _ C .S^ 2 ^ c2 c -«" 3 o.§ = * c , ►*i rt u ;z; ao 0-1 MD 03 >< 2 nJ a>.2 IS rt' 0 C j- H iJ rt 01 «3 aJ CJ hr Cu a'rt oU rt o E_ 03 ._, rt V; S >- O JS 3 C .5 bo ^ ^ c u 03 irt 3 0 2c2 2 •cH O 03 O ■ti.2 3 SCQ ««• O w 03 t^ 03 Oh ^ 3 C ^ . ^ i- O o! 03 o 2'^ . = •-5:5 i ^.Smoi o ., -J oj j= j:-o S '. X-tN to « 3 03 1— 1 .3 •§'^^'=^ ■^ o 2; "*' tN tN CN On > '— < o z On > ■^ O On > ■^ O 2 On > 'H Q ^5 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 211 -a o o & a 3 C O^ 2 => ^ o o a"- - •- 5 S 9 « to . i-H ^ ^.Sffl g " o 4©. 5 «^ J= -^ - 0; c8 Ur n! Gi i; CO -M ■^ O Q. a .^ -M ^ - ••^ 4) a o< S ^ S <^ I °^. i u J,- O % C -r P 01 "3 C aj a. 03 1- ^ u, u 3 o a^ .5 in"~' r- •- "J . ^ •-Quo 5
  • .-c o.t: 01 > o b T3 ^ C a 1/1 rt U e^ (U 3 n o a u -M o (U u ^' s. o J2 +j U P ci ISO o ra s-:^,'- 2 ^ G.-^ g ^ u o ^ -is . oj OJio c ; o ^ OJ 03 03 ^ ^' "2 - o o - uCQ 2 ^i 53 OJ OJ O 0) o .— cj-o I 3 ui "O 1 0.rvi d ^. o C'Z! C C .20 0) b. — o ^ a ~ 5 4J I— J O c_ 2 « «3 a3-s-^ C M . O « M '- 03 o c r 29 . cO- 2 s ^ c 03 C oJ o U «• u c 4< "— < (» a: J3 O 03 ►_- <" e ~ ( -- !!'^ - Cej >» C 4) V- .^J 03 J= - 4J I ^ o c * ^"o « <« o o S ^ *^ *; .55 03, • ° • ""^ a> (U; -J ■ 0. "O •< u v<^ t! 3 ."2 XI CN g S S? 'g-^'i o H t/3 ■ .an to x< 03 0! C o ti f-H CO '. '^ 3 Ol " = «■ d c/i 1-2 £ °- 03 — 3 - 4;.= I ^ o a c a ^.2 3 > u . •" c t\ ■*-' >- *-' i; i o u • ^^ Ss n EQ '-' OJ 2 iJ Q S = S c 0^ O S, c s = ^ CI Q 212 REPORT OF THE No. 3 » ^^ s ^ 8 tj ti 1 f^ o ^ ^ ^ CO H E 1 o u «o '» 1 ■«. n *», ^ 13 41 CO O a d < o ■1-1 < CO On "0 00 1—1 -^ 00 CN e .9 a o u tn O CD o o U3 c/5 -6 o o "a CL, tn biO O 3 a ^1- S S o ^ ^"2 ^ .."j (J t^ s- C a ^. o T-l O 73 a o i§ ^-32. .- 0+- ^ O 3 • >« --a o 2 '^l?'^. O I. c O^ S^ 3 o 8 o • ^ s (2313 ^ •"H ° 1- "-.2 S o-r) 3 O t< ^ ^ s 3 > c« . fe tn 2-S e •:^ S2 . o oT v-i D-i . 2 'o S o o 6 u C Sii - §" 1 81.2 QU.2 > U3 o < tn ■§ 03 CO 1 cr en _a5 H cr tn tn d o O <"^ o 1^ 1 rt m M -l(J G o 15-2 -c S Q. tn 1". CN fCCN CN 1— » 1-Ch 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 213 e be 05 (/) ■ > o c ,_; 5^ 0) ■ ?: 4) -' ■M O -4-1 0.0 ^ — . O 10 g «j £ oa _j-o 2 o 1^ c ^ u o c . 3oa O CN o •<* 5 ^ Q. tn is ID C -" m o M"^ o 2'ii •- -Co ^"' ,y ^ (—5 • (-^ ■-" 3 . n tn rU . .- o 2 --.g.^-.SSS- §«^' a ^ -n S ^ — w a g (v^- oj 3 rt ^ :2 0) « s^tN "5 33 a; u nj '- TO to _, ; 0) a 03 l;-, • - tn h . : ui, o3 '-I ■' tn s r s , ^ tn y cn-^ ■^■iH o'Z^ 8 aO^ .s ^ ao iiu IS o ^^ -OX! Pi « C «u-Ot^ 0) a^ ^ <" S ca^ jn, ^ S "O S "[^ ° tn '^ fc m rt -T3 O ^ O- b u l' !:, °" ro^^jS-Z: 8 ^ tn- O"^ a+e ^ 03 a; :2 „• a 5 « ^ T3 tu i-^S'rt-y •- ^ a m^ 4) acN o '^ .Jl,€o^ a P.U -H 3 -'^ 3 _-U-! LJ !« ■»-'T3 •2ii 3 0.-3 y-o 3 3 o-=:> aS=:< tn ? n3< -O .3 J= jj u c u 0 i^ >; a (fl JCQ (1) c/l u 0 :o 3 +J 2 c Ui ^ H t; tn u — ^ bO 0 ^ b£ C tT3 . ^^5 2 c tN 0) 0\ c Tl 3 3 S c 214 REPORT OF THE No. 3 i ^ n! ^S o u U q1 o '5, 1- "o c - ^ C^- Ic^ o ^ . u o ^ Q > H • f? CO ^ ^ C ■5,1- '-5 ? ^ I 1-1 .5 u ^ a "1 S 3 •Scl see tn L^ O- a. — ^10 o £ O CN CN bjO 6 S o ■ - ■ •- 03 oa So 03'— > 3 „ rt en O JU 3 ..5 5-0 -^ 8 _ +i 03 — I 4^ ^ . > 3 It3 ^o C .; P 8 " €© . . rv OJ tn -^ ^^ -^ 1-. »; _j ri o3 C U( ^ "O x; ^S:3 ^^ i' ^3 CQ . 3 ac O X O tB 0.3 10 g"0 ^ S 4©^ 0) 03 1- J3 CU I- 3 03 aj 1^ u g c.S o 03 -w o a. U . 3 a-- ^ oj 03 g rt u 3 O 03 1) p +j c J^ o a 03 r--0 Si 3 03 3 . (J^ 3 O "3 3 ,1: gc/3 -SO ii. 3 03 I < >-■ I 4; "^ > h5 On 03 3.H- I. 03 ^ I «j '. ^ biC'-i o 2 ■ H£c Cfl 0) ^ ON M '— ( 3 < 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 215 a SJ J=^ ^ • ^ <^ CO) ,; ,™ u •- u°° ■" "" • g O O U cc._ o ^ o O -Co C J t— ■ . D. ^ *-• .S2cd a, (U • (U-i. (L> J:* a o -o U O D ,y (U tN I- fe _ C S 3<^ C ■5.0 a^o-o ° !U .,-v S^ o ^^ o >- an C 2 • 3 ^ '-^ fvj 03^ 3 O.C .5 CuJ^^J=i CcJ TO u 3 O «-: c h h o Q ■ t*"^. Soi OJ, Di roo :oa — o-c (J 3 a -. - • (U O (M oCh <— ' €<^ *- O •* u. _ "^ - 3 -r-r 1 O cS 0-0 o be- i; •2 o S "3 i" -a«^ • o>~ .y-C to 4J O I ■5-c 1. .S fe o 2 m cfl c w <-^ o ^ XI 0 0) J (Tt Vh D « Q C/2 > 1 1 a^ 1 n! M ^^ rt u'J CO u • In U OJ > JZ i$ a H csi u n >. 01 V c aj (U TJ is c ci pa "O a3 rt (U o ^ > 10 tn "^ CuOJ1« 15 V- -1- r- X)42 1- H^ ° txi S § S •£* I 3-C C ^_ c O biO .ti o CO .as 4) tn O -C - c .5 nj"^ • 4J ^ d ^5 c^ o -H 3 < oc 0 re —1 rn tN rsj . fN . 0\ bo 0 be •^ 3 ^ 3 < 1 < 2 a 216 REPORT OF THE No. 3 » o ^ ^ H ^-H *l s o •C^4 i; ■r^ i 0 • - ^ In 0 .ti (^ goCQ^q^ 0 MID -5 ^S 3 !r> = *^ 1- 2 4; 0 « -c a (u • -ti u OJ u"^ u ° a 0 « 0 a . <5 +-I '^. 0 ■o .0-7; . ^ u>^ 0 - ^ "^ S«^5!"a°2 S!° r '^ 0 en "^.S Z.S a;„-T3.2 _ ™ n) 0-) 0 rt 0 2-^"Ju.sfc |j2^2b. .-'^ • Q. 0 "" 0 "^ 2 "o s o O =a« §2 -oO o.t; - -a c >> c CO 4) . li . ™ C S.2 aC E2 2 c . 0 '->E < u5 00 en 'b & en <: en _4) "e en en _4| 'e en O 5 C ■ii < >- en 3 c n; t*- .2-3 "1^ a^ 0 ns CH C tn •s §-B.s ^ d. ^ t- u o ?^ r^ o ^ ^ cr! I. o 03 a> ^- . S p .t; c- gx) a^3 . ^ a> d ' — ' 3 -w u, -O Q ■ii ^ -T3. 8^ a -Q !* 6 o -OTJ^ o 4> ^ C C - "-> QJ Cu l-« ^VV o o':r.4i 5 5 o. o ■ ■ '- " »5 uf^ 03 a, ^"^ • . .. ^T3 " ^.*^^^ 8 S^l fc -o oj cc ^ ^ o £ __^ oj u o-c.t; 4)^ CJ CI.&0 i-'^ .5 cfl — o ^ u^ Ph E"^ •-~ tH "* J- S ro.Si 3 4) r; ;5 o c b/j +j -Q c _c •^ o 7^ * cfl c '"f ^.^ « «»9^ -4-1 o 0) oo > ro lo o ^ C b o U Co Oj +j 15 ^ § ■^ re w - •— • - ^ fo O T3 IT) >. « t*-H .SU— c V rt 5 .Ch SI 4> 3 j::-3 4-» "be 0 P'lC >-J '"''in 1 -.2 I. 2 a c - o o > ■" tl O— < OV 4J 2u o "3 " ■*' ■4-' TO os +: 218 REPORT OF THE No. 3 •^ 2 « ^ I fe cu Cl, >. c rt rt O en ^ rH c e o J2 o u j^ L4-« o o H o o o.t; JO o >> o ;oU I > "O 03 CO (U cc O 5 ^' >> ^ 'to S o -. tn V) c TJ ^ C o CO H CO >^ . 6 a j^ U XI u < u-^ CO — - 0-< o o O O M o O o <" -T3TJ ^ o o c o o > ^ ^ 5 a a o o o c = en. 2 i-< oj n a M.- CO iJ'O Jfl-g O CO 3 uT o; > u 4J.-g (U CO cO.Sc/) C CO C/J ' r bc-u S -y c a> • O CO r~i A-c a ^ u i-H 2>, unsurveyed area east of the Township of McOwen, Townships of Chapleau, Marion, unsurveyed area east of Genoa, North one-half .of Township of Tooms, North one-half of Town- ship of Greenlaw, North one-half of Township of Cunningham, Town- ships of Garnet, Benton, Mallard, Eric, Somme, Osway, Potier, Neville, and Chester, in the District of Sudbury, containing 1,598 square miles more or less. (b) The right to cut and remove all Spruce and Balsam to supply the said mills or extensions thereof or additions thereto in or upon that area, described as follows: — The Townships of Bonar, Lipsett, Copperfield, Sadler and Racine, in the District of Sudbury. (c) The right to cut and remove all the timber suitable for pulpwood except the Red and White Pine and Jack Pine, to supply said mills or extensions thereof or additions thereto in or upon the area, described as follows: — East one-half of Township of Addison, Township of Hill, West one-half of Township of Marshall, North one-half of Township No. 33, South one-half of Township No. 32, in the District of Sudbury, containing 108 square miles, more or less, and the Townships of Amik, Abigo, Hay ward, Conking, Nobotik and Makawa, the unsurveyed area east 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 221 of the Township of Abigo, less Indian Reserve, in the District of Algoma, containing 405 square miles, more or less, the total area of the herein mentioned lands being 3,066 square miles, more or less. 2. The Company, for the right to cut the pulpwood on the said area, as above described, shall pay such rates as shall be fixed from time to time by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, but in no case shall the Crown dues be fixed at higher figures than the price at which the general public shall be permitted to cut on other portions of the Crown domain, or than others similarly situated shall be permitted to cut. 3. It is distinctly understood that the Company obtains the right to cut the timber only, and has no right to the soil or use thereof, except as may be necessary for cutting and removing the wood and timber as aforesaid, subject to such terms, conditions and regulations as to the cutting, measuring, removing and driving of the same as may from time to time be imposed by the Minister. 4. The wood and timber shall be cut upon such portions of said territory, and in such manner as the Minister may from time to time direct, and such precautions shall be taken and means employed to prevent injury or destruction by fire on said territory as said Minister may require, including payments of such annual charge for fire protection, as may from time to time be fixed by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council. 5. All pulpwood cut on the said territory shall be used for the supply of, and shall be manufactured at, the said mills or extensions thereof or additions thereto. 6. Pulpwood taken out in 4-foot or 8-foot lengths shall be measured, returned and paid for on the basis of 128 cubic feet to each stacked cord. Pulpwood taken out in lengths above 8 feet shall be measured in the log on the cubic basis and each 100 cubic feet shall constitute a cord. 7. All slash made about camps, dumps, along tote roads, railroads, or at any other points which might constitute a serious fire menace, shall be disposed of as directed by an officer of the Department. 8. In order to reduce possible difficulties arising from dual operations on the within mentioned area, no Jack Pine 12 inches and over in diameter measured inside the bark 18 inches from the ground will be sold by the Minister until the Company has been notified in writing of the proposed sale. 9. The Crown does not guarantee any particular quantity of wood or timber nor undertake to do more than grant the right to cut such quantities of wood or timber as may be on said area, subject to the reservations and conditions hereinbefore provided. 10. Proper sworn returns of wood and timber cut each season shall be made by the Company to the Crown, in conformity with the Crown Timber Act and regulations thereunder, and payment of dues upon all the wood and timber cut by the Company, shall be made by the Company to the Crown forthwith upon the rendering from time to time by the Crown to the Company of an account hereof; and in addition to all other remedies it may have therefor, the Crown shall have all the rights and powers in respect of the enforcement of such payments and of any interest charges thereon as are now or hereafter may be provided in the case of the dues on timber cut under timber license. 11. The Minister shall have the right to inspect the timber operations on the said territory at any time he may deem it advisable or in the public interest; and if upon inspection it appears, and the Minister so decides, that the said timber operations are carried on in such a way that any merchantable or valuable timber that should be removed is being left or destroyed, the Minister shall 222 REPORT OF THE No. 3 have the right to estimate the said timber so remaining uncut or being destroyed, and charge the same to the Company at, and the Company shall pay therefor, the same rate of dues as if the same had been actually removed by the said Company. 12. The cutting and removing of timber on said territory or any part thereof shall not be deemed to have been completed until it has been examined by an officer of the Crown nor until such operation shall have been declared satisfactory by the Minister. 13. The Company shall not, at any time or in any place, deposit, empty, run or turn into any river, stream, or other waters whatsoever, any refuse, sawdust, chemicals, or matter of any kind, which shall be injurious to fish life, or have the effect of destroying, harming or driving away the fish in such river, stream or water. 14. All water powers and privileges on said territory, and the right of the Crown to raise, hold, lower and maintain the waters on the rivers, streams and lake in said territory at such height and in such conditions as may be found necessary and expedient for the development of such water powers, are reserved to the Crown. 15. The Crown shall retain the right to sell, lease, locate or otherwise dispose of any lands included in the said territory on the same terms and conditions for settlement, mining or other purposes as ordinary Crown lands situated elsewhere, and this agreement is not to impede or retard settlement, or mining operations, and nothing herein contained shall limit or affect the right of the Crown or its Ministers to sell, lease, locate, or otherwise dispose of lands in the aforesaid territory for settlement, mining or other purposes. 16. Nothing herein contained or to be done hereunder or by virtue hereof, shall entitle the Company to a monopoly in the use of any rivers, streams, or lakes or tributaries thereof, in the said territory, but the same shall be and continue open for the use of the public in accordance with the law in that behalf, and in the event of the works of the Company in any way interfering with the driving of logs or timber down the said rivers, streams or lakes or tributaries thereof, the Minister, as well as such other lawful authority as may be constituted therefor, shall have full power to determine from time to time the provisions necessary to overcome such interference, and thereupon the said Company, as and when directed, will make provisions accordingly. 17. It is distinctly understood and agreed that the Company shall not cut or remove any timber from any territory or area covered by this agreement while under license or permit from the Crown, except upon the written consent of the Minister. 18. In the event of failure on the part of the Company to comply with any of the terms, requirements, provisions or conditions contained herein, the Minister may revoke the right, license or permit to cut the said forest products, and upon the said revocation all rights of the Company under the agreement shall be and become ipso facto null and void, provided that thirty days' notice in writing of intention to revoke the said right, license or permit shall be given by registered letter addressed to the Company at Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. 19. The Minister shall have the power to waive the right of revocation caused by any failure on the part of the Company herein provided for. 20. Upon all dues of all kinds on the pulpwood and timber cut under this agreement prior to the first day of May in any year during the currency of this agreement remaining unpaid on the thirtieth day of September next ensuing thereafter, the Company, without prejudice to the power of the Crown to enforce 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 223 the payment of such dues at any time the Minister may think proper, shall pay to the Crown interest at the rate of six per cent. (6%) per annum from said thirtieth day of September, and upon all of such dues remaining unpaid on the thirty-first day of October then next ensuing, the Company shall pay interest at the rate of one per cent. (1%) per month from said thirty-first day of October until the same is fully paid. 21. The word "Minister" shall mean Minister of Lands and Forests of the Province of Ontario. 22. This agreement shall be binding upon and enure to the benefit of the Company, its successors and assigns; provided, however, that this agreement and the terms created shall not be assigned or transferred without the written consent of the Minister, endorsed on said assignment or transfer. 23. The said parties for themselves, their successors, heirs and assigns, respectively, do hereby covenant and agree to the full performance on their part, respectively, of everything herein stipulated to be done. IN WITNESS WHEREOF said Minister of Lands and Forests for the Province of Ontario, and the Company, have hereunto set their hands and seals. Signed, Sealed and Delivered (Sgd.) Beniah Bowman, in the Presence of: Minister of Lands and Forests. (Sgd.) W. C. Cain, (Sgd.) T. Gibson, As to signature of Minister. President, Spanish River Pulp &' Paper Mills. (Sgd.) M. Lynch, As to signature of Company. (Sgd.) J. G. Gibson, Secretary, (Seal) Spanish River Pulp &" Paper Mills. (Seal) 224 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 45. Copy of Agreement. Abitibi Power and Paper Company, Limited. Additional Area. THIS AGREEMENT made in triplicate this Twelfth day of July, 1923. BETWEEN:— HIS MAJESTY THE KING, represented by the Honourable the Minister of Lands and Forests for the Province of Ontario, hereinafter called "The Crown," OF THE First Part, — And— THE ABITIBI POWER AND PAPER COMPANY, LIMITED, a Company organized and existing under the laws of the Province of Ontario, hereinafter called "The Company," OF the Second Part. WHEREAS the Company was organized by Letters Patent of the Dominion of Canada, with an authorized capital of two hundred and fifty thousand shares of no par value, of which ten thousand are Preference Shares and two hundred and forty thousand are Common Shares, and Whereas the Company is the owner and operator of a pulp and paper mill at the Town of Iroquois Falls in the Province of Ontario, and Whereas the Company has operated continuously for a number of years a pulp and paper mill at the said town of Iroquois Falls with a daily output of 400 tons of newsprint paper, and Whereas it is in the public interest that the said mill shall be assured of an adequate supply of pulpwood in. order to guarantee its continuous operation and insure the employment of a large number of workmen, and Whereas in order to assure the Company of an adequate supply of pulp- wood for its mills the Crown, represented by a former Minister of Lands and Forests, set aside in April, 1919, an area of ungranted lands of the Crown and indicated his intention to grant to the Company the right to cut pulpwood over an area the extent and location of which was to be determined later, and Whereas in consideration of the setting aside of such area the Company has expended large sums of monies in addition to and extensions of its plants; NOW THEREFORE THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that in consideration of the premises and of the mutual covenants, promises and agree- ments hereinafter contained, it is hereby agreed as follows: — 1. In consideration of the premises of the contracts and agreements entered into on the part of the Company, the Crown, for the rates hereinafter set forth and provided and subject to the terms, conditions and regulations as to locality and manner of cutting, measuring, driving and removing same as may from time to time be imposed by the Minister and subject also as hereinafter set forth and contained, will and doth grant to the Company for a period of twenty- one years the right to cut and remove all the timber suitable for pulpwood, except Red and White Pine, and Jack Pine twelve inches and upwards eighteen inches from the ground, to supply the said mill or extension thereof or additions thereto in or upon the area described as follows: — 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 225 In the District of Cochrane in the Province of Ontario, commencing at the southeasterly angle of the Township of Kennedy; thence easterly along the northerly boundaries of the Townships of Stimson, Sweatman, Findlay, Henley, Pliny, Steele and Scappa, and the production thereof easterly to a point on the Interprovincial Boundary line between the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec; thence northerly along the said Interprovincial Boundary eighteen miles (18 miles) to a point; thence west astronomically twenty-four miles (24 miles) to a point; thence south astronomically twelve miles (12 miles) to a point; thence west astronomically twelve miles (12 miles) to a point; thence north astronomic- ally six miles( 6 miles) to a point; thence west astronomically six miles (6 miles) to a point; thence north astronomically fifteen miles (15 miles) to a point; thence east astronomically twelve miles (12 miles) to a point; thence north astronomically nine miles (9 miles) more or less to a point on Speight's base line; thence westerly along said Speight's base line twelve miles (12 miles) to a point; thence north astronomically six miles (6 miles) to a point; thence east astronomically twelve miles (12 miles) to a point; thence north astronomically eighteen miles (18 miles) to a point; thence west astronomically twenty-four miles (24 miles) to a point; thence north astronomically six miles (6 miles) to a point; thence west astronomically twenty-four miles (24 miles) to a point; thence south astronomically twenty-four miles (24 miles) to a point; thence east astronomically twelve miles (12 miles) to a point; thence south astronomic- cally twelve miles (12 miles) to a point; thence east astronomically six miles (6 miles) more or less to the intersection with the production northerly of Ontario Land Surveyor Speight's meridian line run in 1904; thence southerly along said production and along said Speight's line twenty-one miles (21 miles) to a point in the north boundary of the Township of Kennedy; thence easterly along the northerly boundary of the Township of Kennedy six miles (6 miles) more or less to the northeast angle of said Township; thence south along the easterly boundary of the Township of Kennedy nine miles (9 miles) more or less to the point of commencement; containing by admeasurement two thousand four hundred and sixty-six (2,466) square miles, as shown on the map hereto annexed enclosed by heavy black lines and shown in blocks one to seventy both inclusive, and the Townships of Barnet, Thackeray, Tannahill, Dokis, Elliot, Melba, Bisley, Clifford, Ben Nevis and Pontiac, all in the said District of Cochrane. 2. The Company, for the right to cut the pulpwood on the said area, as above described, shall pay such rates as shall be fixed from time to time by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council in periods of five years, but in no case shall the Crown dues so to be fixed be at higher figures than the price at which the general public shall be permitted to cut on other portions of the Crown domain, or than others similarly situated shall be permitted to cut. 3. It is distinctly understood that the Company obtains the right to cut the timber only, and has no right to the soil or use thereof, except as may be necessary for cutting and removing the wood and timber, as aforesaid, subject to such terms, conditions and regulations as to the cutting, measuring, removing and driving of the same, as may from time to time be imposed by the Minister. 4. The wood and timber shall be cut upon such portions of said territory, and in such manner as the Minister may from time to time direct, and such precautions shall be taken and means employed to prevent injury or destruction by fire on said territory as said Minister may require, including payments of such annual charge for fire protection, as may from time to time be fixed by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council. 226 REPORT OF THE No. 3 5. All pulpwood cut on the said territory shall be used for the supply of, and shall be manufactured at, the said mill or extensions thereof or additions thereto. 6. The Crown does not guarantee any particular quantity of wood or timber nor undertake to do more than grant the right to cut such quantities of wood or timber as may be on said area, subject to the reservations and conditions hereinbefore provided. 7. All slash made about camps, dumps, along tote roads, railroads, or at any other points which might constitute a serious fire menace, shall be disposed of as directed by an officer of the Department. 8. Proper sworn returns of wood and timber cut each season shall be made by the Company to the Crown, in conformity with the Crown Timber Act and Regulations thereunder, and payment of dues upon all the wood and timber cut by the Company shall be made by the Company to the Crown forthwith upon the rendering from time to time by the Crown to the Company of an account thereof; and in addition to all other remedies it may have therefor, the Crown shall have all the rights and powers in respect of the enforcement of such payments and of any interest charges thereon as are now or hereafter may be provided in the case of the dues on timber cut under timber license. 9. Pulpwood taken out in 4-foot or 8-foot lengths shall be measured, returned and paid for on the basis of 128 cubic feet to each stacked cord. Pulpwood taken out in lengths above 8 feet shall be measured in the log on the cubic basis and each 100 cubic feet shall constitute a cord. 10. The Minister shall have the right to inspect the timber operations on the said territory at any time he may deem it advisable or in the public interest; and if upon inspection it appears, and the Minister so decides, that the said timber operations are carried on in such a way that any merchantable or valuable timber that should be removed is being left or destroyed, the Minister shall have the right to estimate the said timber so remaining uncut or being destroyed, and charge the same to the Company at, and the Company shall pay therefor, the same rate of dues as if the same had been actually removed by the said Company. 11. The cutting and removing of timber on said territory or any part thereof shall not be deemed to have been completed until it has been examined by an officer of the Crown nor until such operation shall have been declared satisfactory by the Minister. 12. The Company shall not, at any time or in any place, deposit, empty, run or turn into any river, stream, or other waters whatsoever, any refuse, sawdust, chemicals, or matter of any kind, which shall be injurious to fish life, or have the effect of destroying, harming or driving away the fish in such river, stream or water. 13. All water powers and privileges on said territory and the right of the Crown to raise, hold, lower, and maintain the waters on the rivers, streams and lakes in such territory at such height and in such conditions as may be found necessary and expedient for the development of such water powers, are reserved to the Crown. 14. The Crown shall retain the right to sell, lease, locate or otherwise dispose of any lands included in the said territory on the same terms and conditions for settlement, mining, or other purposes as ordinary Crown Lands situated else- where, and this agreement is not to impede or retard settlement, or mining operations, and nothing herein contained shall limit or affect the right of the Crown or its Ministers to sell, lease, locate or otherwise dispose of lands in the aforesaid territory for settlement, mining or other purposes. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 227 15. Nothing herein contained or to be done hereunder or by virtue hereof, shall entitle the Company to a monopoly in the use of any rivers, streams, or lakes or tributaries thereof, in the said territory, but the same shall be and con- tinue open for the use of the public in accordance with the law in that behalf, and in the event of the works of the Company in any way interfering with the driving of logs or timber down the said rivers, streams or lakes or tributaries thereof, the Minister, as well as such other lawful authority as may be consti- tuted therefor, shall have full power to determine from time to time the provisions necessary to overcome such interference, and thereupon the said Company, as and when directed, will make provision accordingly. 16. It is distinctly understood and agreed that the Company shall not cut or remove any timber from any territory or area covered by this agreement while under license or permit from the Crown, except upon the written consent of the Minister. 17. Upon all dues of all kinds on the pulpwood and timber cut under this agreement prior to the first day of May in any year during the currency of this agreement remaining unpaid on the thirtieth day of September next ensuing thereafter, the Company, without prejudice to the power of the Crown to enforce the payment of such dues at any time the Minister may think proper, shall pay to the Crown interest at the rate of six per cent. (6%) per annum from said thirtieth day of September, and upon all of such dues remaining unpaid on the thirty-first day of October then next ensuing, the Company shall pay interest at the rate of one per cent. (1%) per month from said thirty-first day of October until the same is fully paid. 18. In the event of failure on the part of the Company to comply with any of the terms, requirements, provisions or conditions contained herein, the Minister may revoke the right, license or permit to cut the said forest products and upon the said revocation all rights of the Company under the agreement shall be and become ipso facto, null and void, provided that thirty days' notice in writing of intention to revoke the said right, license or permit shall be given by registered letter addressed to the Company at Iroquois Falls, Ont. 19. The Minister shall have the power to waive the right of the revocation caused by any failure on the part of the Company herein provided for. 20. The word "Minister" shall mean Minister of Lands and Forests of the Province of Ontario. 21. This agreement shall be binding upon and enure to the benefit of the Company, its successors and assigns; provided, however, that this agreement and the term created shall not be assigned or transferred without the written consent of the Minister, endorsed on said assignment or transfer. 22. The said parties, for themselves, their successors, heirs and assigns, respectively, do hereby covenant and agree to the full performance on their part, respectively, of everything herein stipulated to be done. IN WITNESS WHEREOF said Minister of Lands and Forests for the Province of Ontario, and the Company, have hereunto set their hands and seals. Signed, Sealed and Delivered Beniah Bowman. In the Presence of: F. J. Niven. The Abitibi Power and Paper Company, Limited. F. H. Anson, President. W. H. Smith. L. R. Wilson, Secretary. (Seal) (Seal) 228 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 46. THIS AGREEMENT made in triplicate this Tenth day of July, 1923, Between: His Majesty the King, represented by the Honourable the Minister of Lands and Forests of the Province of Ontario, hereinafter called "The Crown," OF THE First Part, — and — Continental Wood Products Company, Limited, hereinafter called "The Grantee," OF THE Second Part. WHEREAS by advertisement, duly published, the Honourable the Minister of Lands and Forests for Ontario called for tenders to be received by him up to and including the twenty-second day of June, 1923, for the right to cut pulp- wood and timber on a certain area situated in the watershed of the Trout and Chapleau rivers in the Districts of Sudbury and Algoma, hereinafter more particularly described. AND WHEREAS on the twenty-second day of June, 1923, the said Minister received from the grantee a tender for the right to cut pulpwood and timber on said area, which said tender has been approved and accepted. AND WHEREAS the right to cut pulpwood and timber on said area was, by said advertisement for tenders and by the tender of the said grantee, based upon and subject to certain terms, conditions and stipulations. AND WHEREAS this agreement is entered into for the purpose of ensuring the performance by the grantee of the obligations contained in said tender and acceptance thereof as hereinafter defined, and of securing the grantee the said supply of pulpwood and timber for the purpose of the mill or mills to be estab- lished, maintained, condqcted and carried on within the said area or at some point in Ontario approved by the Minister. NOW THEREFORE THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that in con- sideration of the premises it is agreed by and between the grantee and the Crown, as follows: 1. On or before the thirtieth day of December, 1923, the grantee shall have commenced construction work on a Kraft pulp mill in the said area or at some other place in the Province of Ontario approved by the Minister and will thoroughly equip the same so that the expenditure in connection with the erection, equipment, and machinery of said Kraft pulp mill contained in said Kraft pulp mill will be at least One million five hundred thousand dollars ($1,500,000) and shall expend in connection with the erection, equipment and machinery of said Kraft pulp mill as follows: On or before the first day of June, 1924, the sum of Five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000) ; on or before the first day of January, 1925, a further sum of Five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000); and on or before the first day of June, 1925, a further sum of Five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000), making in all the said sum of One million five hundred thousand dollars ($1,500,000); or on or before which last-mentioned date the grantee shall have said Kraft pulp mill fully equipped and in operation. 2. Upon and after the completion of said Kraft pulp mill, the grantee, during the currency of this agreement, shall operate and continue to operate the said Kraft pulp mill so that the daily output thereof shall, in each and every 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 229 year during the currency of this agreement, be not less than seventy-five tons (75) of Kraft pulp and shall cut from said area at least fifty thousand cords (50,000) of pulpwood in each and every year during the currency of this agree- ment and shall for at least ten months in each and every year during the currency of this agreement employ and keep employed within the said Kraft pulp mill in connection with the operation of the same an average of at least one hundred (100) persons, and the employment of said persons as aforesaid shall form part of the consideration for the price of said pulpwood and timber. 3. Within such time and at such place as the Minister may direct, the grantee shall erect a Kraft paper mill having a capacity of at least fifty (50) tons of paper per day; and, after the erection thereof, shall operate the same con- tinuously during the currency of this agreement so that in each year during the currency of this agreement, the average daily output of the said Kraft paper mill shall not be less than thirty-five (35) tons of Kraft paper. 4. Commencing with the month of January, 1926, the grantee shall, in the month of January of each and every year during the currency of this agreement, deliver to the Minister upon such form as the Minister may direct, statements, verified by the oath of the secretary of the grantee, showing (first) the persons who, during the calendar year ending with the thirty-first day of December then next preceding were employed by the grantee in operating the said Kraft pulp mill; (second) the daily output of the said Kraft pulp mill during the calendar year ending with the thirty-first day of December then next preceding; and in each of said statements shall furnish also such other details in connection with said matters as the Minister may require. 5. The cutting of the said pulpwood and timber may begin as soon as but not before the sum of One million dollars ($1,000,000) shall have been expended on the erection of the said Kraft pulp mill and equipment thereof. 6. In consideration of the bonus hereinafter mentioned, and of the said expenditure, and of the contracts and agreements entered into on the part of the grantee, and subject to such terms, conditions and regulations as to locality and manner of cutting, driving and removing the same as may from time to time be imposed by the Minister, and subject also as hereinafter set forth and con- tained, the Crown will and doth grant to the grantee the right to cut and remove all the spruce, balsam, banksian or jack pine, poplar and whitewood trees suffi- cient to supply the said mill or mills to be erected for a period of twenty-one (21) years from the date hereof, and also to remove all red and white pine trees of a diameter of ten (10) inches and upwards at two (2) feet from the ground, and also spruce, banksian or jack pine, too large for pulpwood purposes, from the unlicensed, unsold and unlocated lands of the Crown hereinafter described, namely: — Being the townships of Lougheed, Davin, Amundsen and Kapuskasing in the District of Algoma, and the townships of Bonar, Shenango, Lemoine, Lincoln, Copperfield, Lipsett, Floranna, Sadler, Alcorn, Paul, Collins, Pattinson and Racine, in the District of Sudbury, having a total area of 1,049 square miles more or less. Saving, excepting and reserving nevertheless to the Crown all the spruce and balsam in the said townships of Bonar, Lipsett, Copperfield, Sadler and Racine, having a total area of 306 square miles, more or less; and upon which said last described area other persons to whom any right has been already given or may hereafter be given to cut and remove timber other than that herein granted to the grantee, may so cut and remove said timber; and saving, ex- cepting and reserving also the right of way of the National Railway; and also 230 REPORT OF THE No. 3 all lands under the waters of all rivers, lakes and streams within the said herein- before first described area of 1,094 square miles, more or less, and also all lands heretofore patented, licensed, leased, located, or applied for, in respect of which such proceedings have been taken or shall hereafter be taken as in the opinion of the Minister entitles the applicant or applicants to a lease or patent for such lands, together with the right of the Crown to sell, lease, locate or otherwise dispose of any lands included in the hereinbefore first described area on the same terms and conditions for settlement, mining or other purposes as ordinary Crown lands situated elsewhere; and also the right of the Crown and all other authorities authorized by statute to lay out and construct on any portion of said hereinbefore first described lands a colonization or other road or roads and any road in lieu of or partly deviating from any allowance for a road, without making compensation therefor. 7. The Grantee, as to the right to cut the pulpwood and timber on the said area as above described, shall pay the following bonus on said pulpwood and timber, that is to say: — White pine, per thousand feet B.M.. $6.26 Red pine, per thousand feet B.M 6. 10 Jack pine, per thousand feet B.M 2 . 65 Spruce, per thousand feet B.M 5.17 Spruce, pulpwood, per cord 50 All pulpwood other than spruce, per cord . .30 Fuel wood, per cord 05 Railway ties, per tie 06 Cedar posts, each 03 Cedar poles, 30 feet and less in length 05 Cedar poles, over 30 feet and up to 40 feet 10 Cedar poles, over 40 feet and up to 50 feet 15 Cedar poles, over 50 feet 20 and in addition to said respective bonuses shall pay on each of said classes and descriptions of timber the present rate of Crown dues or such other rates of dues as may from time to time be fixed by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council for such pulpwood and timber respectively. 8. It is distinctly understood that the grantee obtains the right to cut the pulpwood and timber only and has no right to the soil or use thereof except as may be necessary for cutting and removing the pulpwood and timber as aforesaid and subject to such terms, conditions and regulations as to the cutting, measuring, removing and driving of the same as may from time to time be imposed by the Minister. 9. The pulpwood and timber shall be cut upon such portions of said terri- tory and in such manner as the Minister may from time to time direct. All slash made about camps, dumps, along tote-roads, within 300 feet of the right of way of railroads, or at any other point which might constitute a serious fire menace, shall be disposed of in a manner satisfactory to the Minister, and such precautions shall be taken and means employed to prevent injury or destruction by fire on said territory as said Minister may require, including payment of such annual charge for fire protection as from time to time may be fixed by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council. 10. Pulpwood taken out in 4-foot or 8-foot lengths shall be measured, returned and paid for on the basis of 128 cubic feet to each stacked cord. Pulp- wood taken out in lengths above eight feet shall be measured in the log on the cubic basis and each 100 cubic feet shall constitute a cord. 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 231 11. All pulpwood cut on the said territory shall be used for the supply of and shall be manufactured at the said mills (or extensions thereof or additions thereto approved of by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council). All other timber shall be sold subject to the manufacturing condition, that is to say, it shall be manufactured in the Dominion of Canada. 12. Proper sworn returns of the quantity of pulpwood and other timber cut each season shall be made to the Crown in conformity with The Crown Timber Act and regulations thereunder, and payment of bonus and Crown dues upon all the pulpwood and other timber cut by the grantee, shall be made by the grantee for such pulpwood and timber not later tha,n the first day of October in each year, and in addition to all other remedies it may have therefor, the Crown shall have all the rights and powers in respect of enforcing such payments and the payment of any interest charges thereon, as are now or may hereafter be provided in the case of dues on timber cut under timber license. 13. Upon all bonus and dues of all kinds on the pulpwood and timber cut under this agreement prior to the first day of May in any year during the cur- rency of this agreement remaining unpaid on the thirtieth day of September next ensuing thereafter, the grantee, without prejudice to the power of the Crown to enforce the payment of such bonus and dues at any time the Minister may think proper, shall pay to the Crown interest at the rate of six per cent. (6%) per annum from said, thirtieth day of September, and upon all of such bonus and dues remaining unpaid on the thirty-first of October then next ensuing, the grantee shall pay interest at the rate of one per cent. (1%) per month from said thirty-first day of October until the same is fully paid. 14. The Minister shall have the right to inspect the timber operations on the said territory at any time he may deem it advisable or in the public interest, and if upon such inspection it appears to tlie Minister and the Minister so decides that the said pulpwood or timber operations are carried on in such a way that any merchantable or valuable pulpwood or timber that should be removed is being left or destroyed, the said Minister shall have the right to estimate the pulpwood and timber so remaining uncut or being destroyed and the grantee shall pay therefor the same rates of dues and bonus as if the same had been actually removed by the said the grantee. 15. The cutting and removing of pulpwood and timber in the said area or any part thereof shall not be deemed to have been completed until it has been examined by an ofificer of the Crown, nor until such operation shall have been declared satisfactory by the said Minister. 16. The grantee shall not at any time or at any place deposit, empty, run or turn into any river, stream or other waters whatsoever, any refuse, sawdust, chemicals or matter of any kind which shall or may be injurious to fish-life or have the effect of destroying, harming or driving away the fish in such river, stream or water. 17. All water powers and privileges on said hereinbefore first described area and the right of the Crown to raise, hold, lower, and maintain the waters on the rivers, streams and lakes in said area at such height and in such conditions as may be found necessary and expedient for the development of such water power, are reserved to the Crown, but the Crown will be prepared to negotiate with the grantee in order to enable the grantee to secure an undeveloped water power to develop for the operation of the mill or mills hereinbefore mentioned. 18. The Crown shall retain the right to sell, lease, locate or otherwise dispose of any lands included in the said hereinbefore first described area on the same terms and conditions for settlement, mining or other purposes as ordinary 232 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Crown lands situated elsewhere, and this agreement is not to impede or retard settlement or mining operations, and nothing herein contained shall limit or affect the right of the Crown or its Ministers to sell, lease, locate or otherwise dispose of lands in the aforesaid hereinbefore first described area for settlement, mining or other purposes. 19. Nothing herein contained or to be done hereunder or by virtue hereof, shall entitle the grantee to a monopoly of any rivers, streams or lakes or tribu- taries thereof in the said territory, but the same shall be and continue open for the use of the public in accordance with the law in that behalf, and in the event of the works of the grantee in any way interfering with the driving of logs or timber down the said rivers, streams, or lakes, or tributaries thereof, the Minister shall have full power to determine from time to time the provisions necessary to overcome such an interference, and thereupon the said the grantee as and when directed shall make provision accordingly. 20. It is distinctly understood and agreed that nothing herein contained shall, without the consent in writing of the Minister, be deemed to confer any right to cut or remove any timber from any area while under license or permit from the Crown. 21. The sum of fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) deposited by the grantee with its tender for the above area shall remain on deposit until the Kraft pulp mill is erected and in operation as hereinbefore provided to guarantee the due performance by the grantee of the obligations of the grantee under this agree- ment to erect and operate said Kraft pulp mill, which said deposit shall be for- feited to the Crown in the event of the failure of the grantee to fulfil all or any of said obligations. Any timber cut in the meantime shall be subject to payment of dues and bonus as accounts for same are rendered. After the said pulp mill is erected and in operation the deposit of $50,000 may be applied on account of bonus dues as they accrue, but the regulation dues as mentioned above shall be paid in the usual manner as returns for cutting of wood and timber are received and accounts rendered. 22. The Crown does not guarantee any particular quantity of wood or timber nor undertake to do more than grant the right to cut such quantities of wood or timber of the kind aforesaid as may be on the said area, subject to the reservations and conditions hereinbefore provided. 23. Whenever and as often as it is requested the grantee shall forthwith cut and remove all pulpwood and other timber hereby granted to the grantee from all road allowances heretofore or hereafter laid out in said first described area by the Crown or other authority authorized by statute to lay out or con- struct roads therein. 24. In the event of failure on the part of the grantee to erect, construct or operate the said Kraft pulp mill and paper mill, or either of them as herein agreed, or in default of the said the grantee keeping said Kraft pulp mill and said paper mill in operation after the erection thereof respectively as herein agreed, or keeping the required number of persons employed, as herein agreed, or upon default of compliance with any other of the terms, requirements or conditions as aforesaid, the Crown may revoke the right, license or permit to cut the said pulpwood and timber, and upon said revocation all the rights of the grantee shall be and become ipso facto null and void, and all moneys paid as a deposit, or bonus therein, shall be forfeited to the Crown, provided that thirty days notice in writing of intention to revoke the said right license or permit shall be given by registered letter addressed to the grantee at Elsas, 1922-23 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 233 Ontario, before any revocation, in order that the grantee may have an oppor- tunity of being heard should it so desire. 25. The Minister may, by writing signed by the said Minister, waive the right to revocation caused by any failure on the part of the grantee herein provided for. 26. The word "Minister" shall mean Minister of Lands and Forests for the Province of Ontario. 27. This agreement shall be binding upon and enure to the benefit of the grantee, its successors and assigns, provided, however, that this agreement and the terms created shall not be assigned or transferred without the written con- sent of the Minister. 28. The said parties, for themselves, their heirs and assigns respectively, do hereby covenant and agree to the full performance on their part respectively, of everything stipulated to be done. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, said Minister of Lands and Forests for the Province of Ontario has hereunto set his hand and seal and the grantee has affixed its corporate seal and the Vice-President and Secretary of the grantee have signed. Signed, sealed and delivered ] in the presence of I (Sgd.) Beniah Bowman, j Minister, Dept. Lands and Forests. (Sgd.) F. J. NiVEN.j (Sgd.) L. E. Bljss, (Seal) Vice-President, ' Continental Wood Products Co., Ltd. }>. " " Traverse of Seine River and Islands, District of Kenora. ... 65 34. " " Certain Township Outlines South cf Canadian Pacific Rail- way, District of Sudbury 66 35. " " Township Outlines South of Canadian Pacific Railway, Dis- trict of Sudbury 67 36. " " Traverse of English River, Districts of Kenora and Patricia. 69 37. Colonization Roads, Superintendent's Report 73 38. Northern Development Branch, Director's Report 74 39. Settler's Loans — Commissioner's Report 80 40. Forestry Branch Report — (1) Forest Fire Protection 83 (2) Air Operations 96 (3) Forest Survey and Investigation 102 (4) Reforestation 107 41. Statement of Timber Sales , 122 [6] Report of the Minister of Lands and Forests of the Province of Ontario For Year ending 31st October, 1924. LAND TRANSACTIONS To record with any degree of detail the land transactions during the past year would be impossible in a brief space, as they not only cover a large variety of purposes but extend over a wide area. For agricultural purposes in pioneer settling there were slight increases in the number of free grant locations over the previous year although the areas allocated for free homesteading is gradually lessening, this class of land having been largely sought and granted in the past. The purchase of lands at fifty cents an acre for similar purposes increased considerably throughout the year, a large number having availed themselves of farm lands in the great clay belt traversed by the Transcontinental Railway. Additional lands opened in the vicinity of Kapuskasing and Hearst were eagerly sought. The opening of the lands was restricted to stretches immediately contiguous to the line of railway, the idea being to encourage compactness rather than isolation of settlement, and thus develop more readily community life and reduce the per capita cost of road construction. An important step was taken by the government to foster settlement in Northern Ontario, by the appointment of a supervisor of settlement, in the per- son of Colonel W. R. Smyth, a northern pioneer of many years' standing, a former Member of the Legislature of Ontario and later of the House of Commons. His knowledge and experience of the great northland will lessen the task of developing a system of closer co-operation between the Department and settler, whereby the latter's needs can be more closely studied and sympathetic treatment ac- corded. Parts of new townships were opened for settlement in the Thunder Bay District, where a keen demand arose for land on the part of a number of Scan- dinavians, whose general adaptabilities for pioneering work in this section are recognized, and whose expressed desires for agricultural areas may result in sub- stantial farming settlements. The past year showed the greatest advance in pioneer land settlement since the war. Notwithstanding the fact that no new land was opened as free grants during the season, 98,487 acres were granted to actual settlers free, as compared with 90,143 during 1923. In the purchased lands there is a ma/ked increase over the former year, of approximately 30,000 acres, the actual figures for 1923 being, 137,977 acres, as compared with 165,184 acres. Settlement shows a very marked improvement in stability, the number of assignments in both free grant and sale land being considerably less. [71 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Seven hundred and twenty-seven free grant locations were carried out as against 718 for last year, while 1,204 individual sales, covering farm lots, were allowed, or an increase of 226 over the previous year. The clay belt continues to be the most attractive, — one reason of course, is the larger area from which to select, — but with its productive possibilities, quan- tities of pulp and building material, natural drainage, ample waterways and railway facilities, it holds a most unique position and is therefore unusually attractive to prospective aggressive settlers. Exploiting lands of the Crown is prohibited and, while legitimate exchanges of holdings are necessary and advisable in some cases, general traffic in un- patented land is noticeably diminishing. Systematic and periodical inspections result in not only preventing specula- tion in any form, but stimulating more vigorous settlement and cultivation of the land by bona fide settlers. In a continued endeavour to eliminate the timber farmer and absent holder, 535 free grant locations were cancelled and 507 sale holdings. Detailed tables showing the disposition of laoid for settlement purposes according to districts, both as to free grant and sa^e transactions, are found in appendices 13 and 14. A study of these tables discloses the fact that of the total number buying land for settlement purposes, no less than forty-four per cent, took up lots on the Transcontinental, between Cochrane and Hearst, about twent}^ per cent, along the line of the T. & N. O. Railway, and the balance in the various other districts. Clergy, Common, and Grammar School Lands The areas of lands set apart many years ago for these purposes are prac- tically exhausted, and no dealings of any consequence are now consummated, although in a few isolated instances parties clean up title, by paying outstanding charges, and secure patent. On account of former sales in such cases the collec- tions during the year amounted to $2,638.35. University Lands Some 3,710 acres were sold under this heading for $1,855.01 and $1,290.19 collected. Crown Lands For agricultural, townsite and tourist purposes, 173,643.3 acres were sold, as against 154,018.94 acres for the previous year. The total collection on this acreage and former acreage sold was $119,790.57 as against $107,900.26 for the year 1922-23. Throughout the year 11,204.70 acres were leased for various purposes, the revenue derived from all leasehold areas amounting to $89,775.48. Military Grants By an amendment in 1922 to the Vetera,ns' Act, cap. 6, 1 Edw. VH, the time for making locations expired and now the holder of a certificate has only the privilege of surrendering it for a cash consideration of $50, or applying it as payment on Crown land at its face value, $80. During the year eighteen certi- ficates were surrendered and twenty-two patents were issued. Under the Act approximately 13,998 certificates were issued and all these have now been absorbed with the exception of about 1,050 which are still outstanding. 1925 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 9 The aJDove has no reference to the special privilege accorded returned Canadian Oversea Soldiers of the Great War, who are entitled to acquire free of charge, a half-lot in Northern Ontario, subject, however, to all settlement regulations, which require actual residence, systematic clearing and real farming. One hundred and thirty-one returned men took advantage of this opportunity during the year as against 113 last year, but because of failure to comply with the regulations, eighty-two lost their locations as against eighty-three for 1923. Tourist Sites and Parks That interest is growing in our water resorts for tourist and hunting purposes is manifest from the many inquiries and the number of parcels sold and leased. Algonquin Park, the Mecca of seekers of health and enjoyment, continues to afford opportunities for numerous resident and non-resident summer and winter tourists, while beautiful Rondeau Park, in Kent County, is still a favourite point for thousands of lovers of the woods and water. A new subdivision of lots there was rapidly acquired by intending summer-home builders, who secured leases under reasonable terms. Quetico Park, in Rainy River District, had its usual quota of summer visitors, many of whom were from the adjoining state of Minnesota. Timagami, Nipigon and Mississaga Reserves, with their peerless beauty and their fish and game, attracted lovers of nature, anglers and hunters from far and wide. With a view to providing tourists with the ready me^ns of acquiring sites for summer homes within reasonable reach of railways, the Department has undertaken to rese^rve and subdivide for such purposes suitable areas and such sites will be given due publicity by the railways, which will closely co- operate with intending travellers in acquiring parcels from the Crown under fair terms and equitable building restrictions. Ranching Individual settlers desiring to add to their present holdings for grazing purposes have availed themselves in ce;-tain sections of very reasonable terms. Numerous and insistent inquiries have been made with respect to marsh or low- lying lands for the breeding of muskrats and other fur-bearing animals, the generally expressed opinion being that an industry of immense proportions may be gradually developed without seriously affecting the general areas open as common trapping grounds to bona fide trappers. A few licenses of occupastion were issued for this purpose and a number of applications are being investigated, the desire being to encourage through artificial means and careful protection intensive propagation in limited areas now depleted. Crown Surveys Surveys of Crown lands were carried out only where they were actually necessary for the development of settlement and the completion of work under- taken the previous year. Under the Surveys Act, the municipalities of the County of Lincoln and the townships of Sidney and Toronto Gore petitioned for surveys. Municipal surveys were performed and confirmed as petitioned for by the municipalities of t^e townships of Crowland, North Dumfries and Sidney, and the cities of Brantford and Toronto. For detailed reports of surveys see appendices 20 to 36 inclusive. 10 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Water Powers An important water-power development in Northern Ontario at Island Falls on the Abitibi River, by the Hollinger Gold Mines Limited, tp augment the power now used for mining purposes, is nearing completion, t^is undertaking being in operation throughout the year, engaging at least one thousand men and involving an expenditure of about five million dollars. The capacity of this plant is around 20,000 horse-power. Important investjigations were pursued on the Lower Mattfigami by the Spruce Fails Company, whose plans contemplate the development of powers at Smoky Falls for the running of their present pulp mill and future paper mill at Kapuskasing. The power requirements at tjie head of the lakes necessitated the installation of the fin^ unit at Cameron Falls, but even witji this additional supply the needs of the immediate future will scarcely be met. The pulp indus- tries existing in this zone, whejn running to their full contemplated capacities, will call for a heavy consumption and may accentuate the difficulties experienced by the Department during the past season in regulating the control of different watersheds to satisfy the requirements of the varied logging, driving and power interests. Improvements on the Wahnapitae River, Dryden township, by the Wahnapitae Power Company have also been made during the past season to increase tiieir power supply. Conservation dams in certain parts of the Province-, including the Sheb- andowan watersheds, have been built during the year, the Governme^it retaining control over same. The Norman dam a«d Lake of the Woods control have formed a question of extended discussion between the Province and Dominion and Manitoba, but a settlement under which Ontario's rights will be duly re- spected is practically accomplished. Watpr powers are not alienated by the Crown but are merely leased under terms and conditions that provide a fair return to the Province in actual revenue and abig return in industrial and commercial prosperity. Timber Sales A marked change in the general system and practice of offering timber for sale was made. Heretofore, bidders were given the situation of the area involved and requested to make bids without regard to what the Crown considered a fair stumpage value. Each individual party was expected to cruise and estimate the kinds and quantities of timber thereon. Where competition was limited, the liability to offer a price merely beyond simple dues wa? present, and while the Crown could decline to accept any tender, the general practice was to deal fairly with the highest bidder and accept his tender if within a reasonable measure of what the Crown privately held to be fair. It was decided in fairness both to prospective purchasers and the Crown, that the Crown's estimate of the various classes of timber should be given and a minimum upset price fixed. Consequently all Conditions of Sales duly advertised now contain not only an estimafe of the material, but a fair upset price beyond which tenderers are asked to bid. Bidders are thus saved considerable time and expense in cruising, since there is no necessity of making such a close examination when in possession of types and estimated quantities, while the Crown is assured of a fair and reason- able price. The results already attained in applying the new method have proved the wisdom of the course adopted. Timber sales were largely excluded, in pursuance of the announced policy of the Government, to areas or limits contiguous to or required by existing 1925 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS II industries. It is the desire to afford going concerns opportunities to get addi- tional supplies to secure investments, improve labour conditions and maintain community life dependent upon the logging and lumber industry. In the Mississaga watershed, Algoma District, several townships were sold at prices which averaged in t^he case of red and white pine, nearly $3 per thousand feet higher than like timber in former sales in the same section. These sales were the means of re-establishing on a firmer basis an industry of large propor- tions on the north shore of Lake Huron and of continuing in times when labour conditions are below normal, a number of going concerns. Certain areas within both the Quetico and Timagami Reserves were also sold by public competition. Areas of hardwood timber country in the Algonquin Provincial Park were especially cruised and found to contain valuable hardwood timber past maturity and deteriorating in quality. To provide against unnecessary loss, this timber was offered for sale. With a view to adequately maintaining the prime purposes for which the Park was created, special restrictions as to types, diameters, etc., were provided in the Conditions of Sale, and competition was keen, the prices received being regarded as exceptionally good. Other hardwood tracts were sold in Merrick Township, Nipissing District, and in Proudfoot, Parry Sound District, each area having been acquired by a mill owner for manufacturing purposes. The prices for hardwood areas ranged from $4 per thousand feet B.M. for poplar to v$6.75 per thousand feet B.M. for birch and maple, in addition to dues in each case. All this hardwood thus sold will be manufactured within tlie Province, as this class of timber is now subject to the manufacturing condition under the special legislation passed in 1923. A tract of poplar was also sold in the township of Stratton, the purchaser being the Canadian Splint and Lumber Corporation, Limited, and this will furnish supplies for the match splint factory at Pembroke. A complete list of the limits sold during the year will be found in appendix No. 41. Logging axd Lumbering The general tone of depression evidenced in the latter part of the season of 1922-23 seriously affected the ability of the lumber operators to meet their financial obligations as was pointed out then. The outlook gradually improved and with a confidence born of faith in the industry, the operators proceeded with their cut and while not continuing as extensively as the year previous in log timber for lumbering, nevertheless, produced an output from Crown Lands of approximately 335 million feet of pine (including some 61 million feet of jackpine), and 62 million feet of other timber, less only by some 20 million feet of pine, but greater by 5 million feet with regard to other classes of log timber for lumber. The past year saw a marked increase in the railway tie production, it being in excess of the previous one by over 1,300,000 pieces. Pulpwood operations exceeded expectations, the year showing a cut of 688,000 cords as against only 573,000 cords for the preceding season. These facts prove most interesting when one considers the rather uncertain condition of the Canadian pine and spruce market in Eastern Canada during the past year. F^xtreme caution was exercised by all dealers and a continuation of the unsettled condition to the end of the fiscal year created doubts in the minds of several operators on the advisability of pushing bush operations for the coming season. Signs are slowly pointing towards a restoration to normal with the result that recent surveys by Departmental outside agents, while indicating a reduced output, predict larger operations than were anticipated by the trade two months ago. Y 12 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Pulp and Paper Industry Pulp mills in the north are consuming large supplies of the raw material and all mills in operation last year are turning out pulp and paper in quantities as great as the preceding year. The newsprint plants are probably in a securer position than the others and have expanded, while the pulp mills, the high-grade paper mills, wrapping and kraft paper mills generally, are sanely cautious, the American tariff on the finished product in part being the cause. The Great Lakes Company have completed and are operating their new groundwood pulp mill at Fort William, its capacity being 180 tons. The Guaranty Investment Company made additions to their holdings at Nipigon and are on a fair road to being an important pro- ducer. The Thunder Bay Paper Company in Port Arthur made an extension to their mill, increasing the capacity from 65 to 120 tons a day, the new equipment consisting of new pocket grinders, wet machines, hydraulic presses and loose power motors. These improvements will call for an extra 2,500 horse- power of electrical energy. The Continental Wood Products have secured their site and made consider- able expenditure in extending clearances in connection with their contemplated kraft mill at Elsas, on the Canadian National Railway, north of Sudbury, and it is hoped that another year will see its completion' and the establishment of a great industrial centre at that point. The company are now conducting an extensive logging and sawmill operation, involving the employment of four to five hundred men and the production of large quantities of lumber. The Backus interests completed their new 100 ton paper mill at Kenora, and same is in operation. Forest Cruising and Estimating Mapping forest types was continued and a large area hitherto not reported on in the western section of the Nipigon watershed, was mapped by means of aircraft and this with an additional area on the eastern section of the same waters, was covered by land parties for estimating purposes, these areas com- prising roughly 6,885 square miles. The extensive work thus carried on by our own staff, operating our own aircraft and supervising experienced land parties, has placed the Crown in possession of much desired information. The detailed data are being tabulated for the permanent records and are essential to an intelligent treatment by the Government of the situation at the head of the lakes, where certain established concerns are in crying need of raw material for the continued development of the pulp and paper business which means so much to the industrial and commercial life of the country. Further intensive work was done and reports made through the Crown timber agents on certain isolated blocks yet to be offered for sale. Reports also were made on areas where sales were carried out by public competition. Forest Protection This past season has been a very favourable one from the standpoint of controlling forest fires. The total loss in acreage and timber is very much below that of any previous season, since 1917. The most serious fire occurred in the south central part of Algonquin Park in the pine limit of the'J. R. Booth, Limited, where approximately forty million feet of pine timber was affected, but due to the insistence of the Government and the active co-operation of the company, a comprehensive operation was undertaken immediately after the 1925 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 13 fire and continued throughout the summer, the intention being to salvage the entire lot so that in the ultimate analysis the real timber loss will be infinitesimally small. The season opened very early and we began having spring fires in April. This was owing to the dry condition in which the woods were left the previous autumn, without any water in the swamps. The early opening of the fire hazard required quite a large staff earlier than usual. During the middle of the summer, however, the favourable weather with rainy periods throughout the most serious summer months, enabled us to reduce the staff so that there was approximately 35 to 40 per cent less than the previous season. Another abnormally dry period occurred very late in the autumn, running into the first few days of November, which required the maintenance of the skeleton staff much later than usual. One of the outstanding features of this season's work was the introduction of aircraft as a means of patrol and detection, especially for outlying regions, thus enabling us to reduce the ground staff to a considerable extent. To inaugurate the Provincial Aircraft Service, owned, controlled and operated by the Province, some fifteen H. S. 2-L flying boats were purchased. Over 2,500 hours were flown in the season of 1924, comprising a mileage of 167,375. The aircraft was used for patrolling, surveying, sketching, photographing and other purposes, and we have every reason to feel from our first year's experi- ence that an important advance has been made in the policy of forest protection. Another feature of this season's work was the purchase of fifty mechanical fire-fighting units in the shape of pumps and hose. This meant an expenditure of some $50,000, but from reports gathered throughout many parts of the Province, these pumps have more than saved their price in making it possible to successfully cope with serious fires. The service now has 140 of such pumps with 280,000 feet of hose. The total expenditure during the past season amounted to $864,000, which is a little over $200,000 less than last year, and this expenditure included the cost of all flying boats and maintenance in connection therewith. For closer details see special appendix No. 40. Reforestation The various forest stations reported a very successful season for the develop- ment of nursery work and the making of additional plantations, owing to favour- able weather conditions. For instance, in the various nurseries there is a total of 25,500,000 plants, of which about 6,000,000 are ready for final planting. During the past season there were a little over 3,000,000 plants sent out for permanent planting, as follows: — Provincial Forest Station 437,280 Municipal plantations 633,260 Private landowners 1,954,671 3,025,211 Seed collecting was carried on during the autumn and a seed extracting plant was completed at Angus, in Simcoe County, which lies in the centre of a splendid region for collecting red and white pine. For complete details see appendix No. 40. 14 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Colonization Roads The total expenditure for colonization roads within the area where this service operates . was approximately $450,000, as against $830,000 for the previous year. To meet by-law requests under which the Crown spends an amount equal to that voted by the township, the sum of $227,196.97 was spent, or ap- proximately $42,000 less, while the construction, maintenance and repair of roads and bridges, all of which is borne and expended by the Crown, cost in round numbers $200,000, or over $300,000 less than in the year 1923. This was due in part to a portion of the territory lying north of the French River having been withdrawn from direct grants and taken care of by the Northern Development Vote, and in part also to restricting the spending of money to only such sections as necessity demanded. The assistance thus granted those portions of the country where no immedi- ate benefit is being derived from the Provincial Highway system is justified and appreciated. Northern Development Branch The construction of roads and bridges hitherto carried on in Northern Ontario, both by the Department of Public Works and the Department of Lands and Forests, was, under Order-in-Council, dated the 13th March, 1924, entirely assumed by the latter. In addition certain road and bridge building, formerly chargeable to Coloniza- tion Road Vote, was carried on by the Branch. Notwithstanding these added services, the expenditure of $3,296,000 throughout the year was a reduction from that of the previous one by approximately $155,000, Trunk road construction and improvement was responsible for most of the outlay although the lateral roadway^ received their share of attention and new roads were cut out as far as possible to keep pace with pioneer settlement. Expenditures on fire relief, seed grain, agricultural implements, etc., and loans to settlers were continued during the year, but most of these show con- siderable decreases over previous year. It is interesting and encouraging to note that with respect to loans to settlers, repayment as to principal has been made to the extent of eighty-five per cent, and as to interest, ninety-one per cent. For detailed particulars on Northern Development operations see appendix No. 38. Accruals and Collections For the year the total accruals from timber and pulpwood operations were $4,249,605.20, or over $540,000 greater than the preceding year; this being very largely accounted for by an increase in fire charges of over $200,000, part of which had been outstanding, an increase in cash deposits of $135,000 paid at time of timber sales, and an increase in timber dues. On this account collections to the extent of $4,136,262.67 were received. Land sales, leases, fees, etc., added $379,980.80, and payments under Northern Development services in the way of retired loans, etc., amounted to $237,276.38, making a grand total for the year of $4,753,519.93, the largest in the history of the Department. When the uncertain conditions of the lumber industry are considered and the apparent difficulties some of the operators are experiencing in marketing their assets, it is a source of satisfaction to record such a revenue. 1925 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 15 Disbursements The total expenditure for which the Department was responsible amounted to $5,735,300.64, or less than the year 1923 by $1,319,211.78. In the general service operations which exclude outlays of the Northern Development Branch, covered by and charged to a special legislative grant, considerable reductions on controllable expenditures were made. For instance, a saving of over $200,000 was effected in fire ranging, where the cost was some $864,000, and this included the purchase of an up-to-date air fleet comprising fifteen planes and additional pumps and hose, with other valuable equipment. In a number of other items important reductions are also noted. For a complete statement of disbursements under the various services other than the Northern Development Branch, see appendix 6, and for the latter see appendix No. 38. APPENDICES [17] 18 REPORT OF THE No. 3 ^ > T o - . . • *" o a o rt M'33'cn a! 00 00 00000 00000 00 00 00 00000 lOiO 00 00000 t^t^ 0_i-l O 1>- •* C-4 CN On t-~ ■o 10" trTc^i T-T^^-T °2 U-) O 000000000000000000 000000000000000000 OOOOOOOOOiOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOtNOOOOOOOO O'^^'^ONOOONOOOOONCOPOr^rOrOfOOOOi 3 3^ CN ■* es r^ a a »HiOON00iOON^00tNvOC0t^O\'-iiO m t^ lo o\ o CN CN O 0\ •^ O (M CN 0\ On 00 0\ On On 0\ Ot^ On On O'^t^Ol~>ON0N0lO00NOCNt^t^0NCNTtl»^ OOnOnOOn^'-hOOO'-iOnO'-hOO'-hOvO OnOOOOOnOOOnOnOnOnOnOOOnOnOnOnOsOOOn ^ ^ .2^ a .S'SoO -25 J en nj "^ 0) 3.S ^ in O O u (U c Ui 4) CS Q M >*-t o o •- S c •(-> ■ bfl (0 0 n, C cn. .1^, M .9 o 1— )C/) U U o c PQ CQ 1925 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 19 oi, OOOOOOOOOOOOOiO OOOOOOOOOOOOOr^ oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo O O O O O O O 00000"^00»0>00 OOi'lOOOOOOOO'OfNOOr-t^ui ooo oooo »ooo ooo «o 00 O^OO \0 ■<* CO o CN Cn" ^~ .-h" »H -^ »^ ■? ^>:-bfla 0\roO\ vO oTo O o"t^ t-~ ^-H CN OS CD O'^'HCNOOS'^OOOsCSOOf'^ Ov0n0\00O000sCnCs00O\O\C>0n '-(tN»-iOOvO»-iOO»-<'-i'^C^l'^-'^'-'f^f^ O\O\O\Os00OnO\O\O\OsOsOvC\O\OsO^O^Os rr> lo 1^ cs •^ tso »-i O O O •^ N 4) > ^ I t« • Q U -M ^^^ S-u ^. o ,^ a. "5 E* >- o SIS rt 2 o (u o o o ^ i" en i3 C •— 03 Q C r"^ -:,^S < t>0 .^ aiu^o^'cJuS CQ CQ t 9 O 20 REPORT OF THE No. 3 u c/5 ooooooo ooooooo ooooooo ooooooo lO vO ^ lO vO "0 r^ vO rj* lO Ov »0 t^ '-I ;.So \0 lO <^ *0 t~ lO 00 <-! O O O '-H »-i 0\ 0\ On 0\ OS 0\ 0\ 00 U) c -2 u C rt o Q a to 3 "J 3:i JJ 1 . C '?7i O o ifi o CEj < Q ^5 05 U »- I— < O O O O O O ro o o«oo oo o •O r<3 fs CN lO \0 oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooo looooo oor; ooooo ooooo lO ^ "0 r<1 fO oouooO'-i«-('rtOOioj-~cN»-iooPOt^'-ifOOOfo t-i»Hes»-it^ g o 3 o o. o.'g "5 lO t~- ro ir^^—i -^ vO^irT '-lO'^OCvltNi-iO ^> >^ ^e ^> O >'4J r^r^ >^u Ul^i-'j^ 33 3 (u°r '-l'*O'-llOCNO^lOT}^^-ICS•.-IU0>Of3'-H»-l000^ ■rtT-HCNT-l^^oOO'-H'OOsCNOOCN(MCNOO O t-- O ro >0 •rt ^H ^ csi O 0\ 0\ O^ o^ ^ c.S •3T3 E-o Si S .^ 3 ■ O f^C/) rt 5 OS c >- o-f= o Pi rt o iS^ V ■u T3 i5> >-. £; u Q'oQ •^ Q r^ c„ •r' • - ^ Q. Q. U U U b V- CL,CL O ■w o o -M a.y.y c C V- u 2 l> u) tn .T3 C (fl 3 ^ Lh li li u CT] CO J:! O ^^ ! r- OJ o£&£g? m5 — _ to to J- -> <« IJ C sir "J <0 g 4) >^CJ-i u *j to to c « CO ca £ g — U E>" ^^ C/5 QU •2 J Si-5'S P I I Ut CT) O O ^ u u u < CQ CQ CQ Oa CQ PQ OQ coC/) O . ^ -"^ . S co\iS 3-1 o c . c _ tin- ■ — — — £^^ ^ ^ S 5^ oS &J.-9 rt o-oSjS^SP ™^ 22 REPORT OF THE NoTS P£j C *" to O V o ^^ OO (U CO ■-I o o ■tJ TlH C tN M'-i to '"' «« El, u .5 C/5 l- lOOOO t^OOO ^H CS 00 OS OOO OOOOOOOOOOO OOO OOOOOOOOOOO OOO OOOOOOOOOOO OOO OOOOOOOOOOO in oi ■•-* lo OS 1-1 ■ri< lo o 00 00 \o lo lo oooooooooo oooooooooo t- t^i-* •* 00 fO ■* re OS so y^y* t~-rcs^i-rc^r~f cs'i-Ti-T ° s rt o Q a rt O —> rt lOi-Too'tM" i-H CN O i-H Os OS Os Os so ro lO O-HO Os Ov Os ■'-•fC-wOsO-'-HrO'^t^O'-i ^ CS rH ,-1 CN tN 1-1 U bil+J >,g >s^ 1-' r! ^e < <; o 1-1)— >►— ,ti-i < 1— >g I—, fO 00 -^ 00 o"oo"os cs'o'io"'*" '-IO<>aOCS-'-lO'-ICNO'-l OsOsOsOsOsOsCsOsOsOsOs rn^ri \n -^ c^ t-^ od c> ^ t'' Of^Oi^OsOOCNOi-i OsOsOsOsOOOsOsOsOsOs a .s 1 •!-> •<^ ^ ^ 4-) c a> W) < Q bc a CO l-( U( n* ^*J o Q >s3t; =3 3 OT Pic/5-x o o .y 3 6-c -M 4) II +j cl!> o to ™ O S U >s-t^ I— 1 1:^ u _o 0) 5c^Q •S.yt'o C 1- rt ^ „. ^.^ ^^ •r o be i! biO d C CO • — to 5"*^ ■— •3 TO O 1- ^ to -i 5 S- cj to 'Bo Q S .y 3^ to "O 13 be c 2 "! 5*0 5 C " g O ■(-> rt b/D to +-" . bDO "r^ r- l_ ;j Im ;_ u I-. ci cd rt rt "* Oh OhD^P-i V- a. 1- ^- 03"-; 03 0) cu2:a,cQ 3 o 0.5 g !o >< ^^ 4-) T3 o< 3 tJ rtW •3 o 3 '-' bo I ,>-' to 13 rt to ^ k ?i ^ < - _r 3-3 to to o-. .iSCQ 3 biO 3 3 O * -^ 113 +-> 3 T" 0HlX>coO:gZUPHC/)O O U' w Uh to o H-, 3 "s rt u aj Co rt 1925 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 23 Appendix No. 3 Statement of Lands Sold and Leased. Amount of Sales and Leases and Amount of Collections for the year ending October 31st, 1924 Service. Lands Sold: Agricultural and Townsites . Clergy Lands Common School Lands. . . . Grammar School Lands . . . , University Lands Lands Leased: Crown . . . . Temagami . Acres sold and leased. 173,643.30 90. 3,710. 11,180.95 23.75 188,648. Amount of sales and leases. 142,459 87 45 00 1,855 01 5,114 60 370 00 149,844 48 Collections on sales and leases. $ c 119,790 51 968 55 1,055 72 614 08 1,290 19 87,924 33 1,851 15 213,494 53 24 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 4 Statement of Revenue of the Department of Lands and Forests for the year ending October 31st, 1924 Service. % c. $ c. 1 c. Land Collections. Crown Lands: Agricultural 97,930 19 21,860 32 119,790 51 3,928 54 Townsites Clergy Lands 968 55 1,055 72 614 08 1,290 19 Common School Lands Grammar School Lands University Lands 123,719 05 Rent: Crown Leases 80,320 23 2,762 56 4,091 00 712 84 1,851 15 37 70 Algonquin Provincial Park Rondeau Provincial Park Bruce Beach . Temagami Leases Sand and Gravel 89,775 48 Woods and Forests. Bonus 1,352,487 77 2,275,006 32 103,558 62 398,283 71 6,290 00 636 25 Ground Rent Transfer Fees Mill License Fees 4,136,262 67 Parks: Algonquin Provincial Park 6,662 56 1,142 59 1,092 00 Rondeau Provincial Park ., Quetico Provincial Park 8,897 15 1,514 41 667 10 189 00 Cullers' Fees Forest Reserves Guides' Fees 2,370 51 Refunds. Forest Ranging • 145,589 65 4,471 87 2,403 55 1,297 56 461 12 400 00 200 00 200 00 194 94 Surveys Reforestation Clearing Townsites and Removing Fire Hazards. . . Way Township Agents' Salaries and Disbursements Contingencies, 155,218 69 3,713 39 233,562 99 Colonization Roads and Northern Development Branches. Colonization Roads — Refunds 4,516,243 55 Northern Development 237,276 38 Grand Total $4,753,519 93 1925 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 25 Appendix No. 5 Statement of Receipts of the Department of Lands and Forests for the year ending October 31st, 1924, which are considered as Special Funds Service. $ c. $ c. Principal Clergy Lands. 553 77 414 78 Interest Common School Lands. 968 55 Principal 665 20 390 52 Interest , . Grammar School Lands. 1,055 72 Principal 383 80 230 28 Interest , University Lands. 614 08 Principal 1,007 75 282 44 Interest 1,290 19 $3,928 54 26 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 6 Statement of Disbursements of the Department of Lands and Forests for the year ending October 31st, 1924. Service $ c. $ c. $ c. Agents' Salaries and Disbursements 98,636 33 Ottawa Agency 2,649 91 Cullers' Act 466 43 Algonouin Provincial Park 40,326 05 Allowance School Section, South Walsingham.. . 300 00 Allowance School Section, Township of Vespra . 500 00 Board of Surveyors • • < 200 00 Burlington Beach Lavatories 1,079 88 Clearing Townsites and Removing Fire Hazards. 35,443 41 Colonization Roads 447,444 66 Compensation to Chippewa and Mississauga Indian Tribes 100,000 00 Compensation to Mrs. Rosa C. Bonner, for cost of Survey 55 60 Display at Toronto Exhibition 920 94 Fire Ranging 864,285 98 Forest Ranging . . 461,478 59 Forest Reserves 5,841 79 Grant Canadian Forestry Association 3,000 00 Insurance 2,883 62 Litigation of Constitutional and other Questions 281 05 Moving Expenses of Officials 203 70 QuETico Provincial Park 9,523 77 Reforestation 201,690 15 Refunds — Miscellaneous 10,333 72 Rondeau Provincial Park 8,153 79 Surveys 80,236 31 Unforseen and Unprovided 1,211 74 Vexerans' Commutation 851 52 Workmens' Compensation 4,582 67 Carried forward 2,382,582 51 1925 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 27 Appendix No. 6 — Continued Service $ c. $ c. $ c. Brought forward 2,382,582 51 20 00 Miscellaneous: Law Society of Upper Canada, fees Contingencies, Advertising, etc 60,646 20 Contingencies, Colonization Roads 2,849 65 2,446,098 36 For particulars of expenditure of the Northern Development Branch, see Appendix No. 38. 28 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix Forestry Statement of Timber and Amounts accrued from Timber Dues, Ground Rent, Quantity and Area covered K timber licenses Saw Logs. Agencies. Red and Wiiite Pine Jack Pine Other Square Miles Pieces Feet B.M. Pieces Feet B.M. Pieces Feet B.M. Western Timber District.. . . Belleville Timber District. . 14,150 570M 4,415 Ji 6,149,815 112.197 395,375 245,141,551 2,208,730 22,548,682 3.554.403 59,716,194 1.504.166 97.931 310,315 46.182.392 3.136,788 Ottawa Timber District 21.233 328,275 10,254,032 19.136 6.657,387 269.898,963 3.575,636 60,044,469 1.912.412 59.573,212 Statement Agencies Shingle Bolts Cedar Posts Tele- graph Poles Pulp- wood Railway Ties Waney Cords Pieces Pieces Cords Pieces Pieces Cubit ft. Transfer Fees Interest 14 51,729 6,979 88 16.182 641 1.563 668.656 275 19.137 3.014.943 4,944 1.697 $ c. 4.605 00 245 00 1.440 00 $ c. 92,459 14 55 71 Ottawa Timber District 340 15.351 3.091 86 14 58.796 18.386 688.068 3.021.584 340 15.351 6,290 00 95.606 71 1925 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 29 No. 7 Branch Fire Protection and Bonus, etc., during the year ending 31st October, 1924 Description of Timber Boom and Dimension Pil nc Cordwood — Tan bark Red and White Pine Jack Pine Other Hard Soft Pieces Feet B.M. Pieces Feet B.M Pieces Feet B.M Pieces Lineal Feet Pieces Feet B.M. Cords Cords Cords 31,338 885 4,824,366 146,951 135,045 14.609 1,232,800 16,774 752 3,598 1,918,009 114,898 519,327 1,449 55.499 3,293 286,197 2,894 30 41,025 29 6,312 992 9 1.574 33,797 5,106.362 14.609 1,232,800 21,124 2,552,234 1.449 55,499 3,293 286,197 2,924 47,366 1.001 of Timber — Concluded Amounts Accrued. Trespass Mill License Fees Timber Dues Bonus Deposit Timber Sales Ground Rent Fire Protection Total « c. 55.401 89 1.750 67 $ c. 636 25 $ c. 1,697.992 86 U.745 60 89.987 37 $ c. 1,497.565 29 235 18 15,612 81 $ c. 274.785 00 $ c. 77.470 31 2.954 62 22,465 00 $ c. 365,500 51 4.028 00 28,755 20 $ c. 4,066,416 25 21,014 78 821 93 162.174 17 57,974 49 636 25 1,799,725 83 1,513,413 28 274.785 00 102,889 93 398,283 71 4.249.605 20 30 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 8 Forestry Branch Statement of Revenue collected during the year ending October 31st, 1924 Amount of Western Collections at Department $3,965,638 53 Belleville " " " 15,083 98 Ottawa " " " 155,540 16 $4,136,262 67 Timber Dues $2,275,006 32 Bonus 1,352,487 77 Ground Rent 102,558 62 Fire Protection 398,283 71 Transfer Fees 6,290 00 Mill License Fees 636 25 $4,136,262 67 Western Division — Timber dues $1,797,694 55 Bonus 1,352,487 77 Interest, timber dues 91,955 46 Ground rent 77,470 31 Interest, ground rent 503 68 Fire protection 365,500 51 Timber sale deposits 274,785 00 Transfer fees 4,605 00 Mill License Fees 636 25 5,965,638 53 Ottawa Division — Timber dues $99,788 10 Interest, timber dues 2,976 66 Ground rent 22,465 00 Interest, ground rent 115 20 Fire protection 28,755 20 Transfer fees 1,440 00 Belleville Division — Timber dues , Interest, timber dues. Ground rent Interest, ground rent. Fire protection Transfer fees $7,800 65 5 90 2,954 62 49 81 4,028 00 245 00 155,540 16 15,083 98 1,136,262 67 1925 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 31 t Appendix No. 9 CULLERS' EXAMLNATION As intimated in the last Report, the Ontario Cullers' Act (being Chap, 172 of the Revised Statutes of Ontario, 1914) was repealed, but notwithstanding such repeal all licenses heretofore issued under said Act, and now in force, and the holders of which are in good standing, shall remain valid. The new Act (14 George V, Chap. 46) now provides that a person may- secure a license for measuring sawlogs and pulpwood, or may secure a license to enable him to act as scaler of pulpwood only. Examinations for Cullers' Licenses under the above Act were held on August 14th, 1924, at Callander, Thessalon, Fort Frances, Iroquois Falls and Elsas, when seventeen candidates succeeded in passing as sawlog and pulpwood cullers, and sixteen candidates were granted licenses to scale pulpwood only. A large percentage of candidates was rejected, due mainly to the fact that they failed in the practical test. In a good many cases the parties presenting themselves had little or no previous experience in the scaling of logs where deductions for defects are necessary. CULLERS' EXAMINATIONS Five examinations were held during the year at Thessalon, Callander, Fort Frances, Iroquois Falls and Elsas on the 14th of August, 1924. Thirty-three candidates were successful in passing at the examinations, seventeen being granted licenses to cull sawlogs and pulpwood, and sixteen obtaining licenses to scale pulpwood only. The following is a list of the parties who were successful, together with their post office address, place of examination and qualifications: Place of License Name Address Examination Qualifications Anderson, E. R Kapuskasing Iroquois Falls Pulpwood only. Bliss, R. Hamilton Oba Elsas Sawlogs and Pulpwood, Bailey, J. W Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Pulpwood only. Brown, J. H Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Pulpwood only. Crawford, R. J Thessalon Callander Sawlogs and Pulpwood. Charette, J. A Cutler Thessalon Sawlogs and Pulpwood. Charlebois, Peter Sault Ste Marie. . . .Thessalon Sawlogs and Pulpwood. Courtney, James Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Pulpwood only. Durrell, H New Liskeard Callander Sawlogs and Pulpwood. Fisher, Morris Sault Ste Marie Thessalon Sawlogs and Pulpwood. Foy, K. N Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Pulpwood only. Fanning, John Kapuskasing Iroquois Falls Pulpwood only. Fleming, F. L Haileybury Iroquois Falls Pulpwood only. Galbraith,' Angus L Fort Frances Fort Frances Sawlogs and Pulpwood, Gibson, Wm, J Chapleau Elsas Pulpwood only. Hughes, Duncan Barwick Fort Frances Sawlogs and Pulpwood, Huckson, Elmer Sault Ste Marie Thessalon Sawlogs and Pulpwood, Jackson, Shirl Sault Ste Marie Thessalon Sawlogs and Pulpwood. Kennedy, E. J South Porcupine.. . .Iroquois Falls Pulpwood only. Maxwell, L Eau Clair. Iroquois Falls Pulpwood only. Morrison, G. W Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Pulpwood only. Moore, A. H New Liskeard Iroquois Falls Pulpwood only. McBean, Chester W McDougall's Mills.. Fort Frances Sawlogs and Pulpwood. Palmer, Ivan Sault Ste Marie. . . .Thessalon Sawlogs and Pulpwood, Poupore, G. W Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Pulpwood only. Phillips, W. H South Porcupine.. . . Iroquois Falls Pulpwood only. Retty, James Sault Ste Marie. . . .Thessalon Sawlogs and Pulpwood Ryan, Thos. M Pembroke Elsas Pulpwood only. 32 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. g — Continued Place of License Name Address Examination Quallifications Saunders, F. G Sudbury Callander Sawlogs and Pulpwood. Stone, Hume Sault Ste Marie. . . .Thessalon Sawlogs and Pulpwood. Smith, Byron W Blind River Thessalon Sawlogs and Pulpwood. Taylor, Angus G Sudbury Elsas Sawlogs and Pulpwood. Wilson, D. M Pembroke. . . .' Iroquois Falls. Pulpwood only. In addition to the above candidates who passed in August last, the following were also granted licenses after obtaining further experience of one year: Elliott, R. B Milton Callander Sawlogs and Pulpwood. Edwards, Ross Powassan Callander Sawlogs and Pulpwood. Legris, H. M Dacre Callander Sawlogs and Pulpwood. Maltby, Wm. E Sturgeon Falls Callander Sawlogs and Pulpwood. McGuire, Norbert T Arnprior Callander Sawlogs and Pulpwood. McManus, T. Basil Arnprior Callander ., . .Sawlogs and Pulpwood. Regan, Chas. E Elk Lake Callander Sawlogs and Pulpwood. Appendix No. 10 ACREAGE UNDER LICENSE The area covered by Timber Licenses where the holder pays Regulation Gound Rent and Fire Charges, at the end of the year 1924, was 19,136 square miles. The number of Crown Timber Licenses issued for the license season of 1923-24 was 922. PULP CONCESSIONS The area covered by pulp concessions exclusively amounts to 39,404 square miles, on which fire protection charges at the rate of $3.20 per square mile are payable. 1925 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 33 Appendix No. 11 PATENTS OFFICE (Lands Branch) Statement of Patents, etc., issued from 1st November, 1923, to 31st October, 1924 Public Lands (late Crown) 447 « " (late School) 7 " " (late Clergy Reserves) 3 " " (University) 10 Free Grant Lands (Act of 1913) 280 « " (Act of 1901 Veterans) 22 Mining Lands (Patents) 344 Mining Leases 178 Crown Leases 97 Licenses of Occupation 99 Temagami Island Leases 10 Sand and Gravel Licenses 29 Pine Patents 6 Water Power Leases 2 Releases of Pine 1 Orders-in-Council 4 Total 1,539 Appendix No. 12 Statement of the work done in Military Office, Lands Branch of the Department of Lands and Forests, during the year ending October 31st, 1924. Veteran patents issued 22 Locations under military certificates 0 Certificates applied in payment of lands 1 Certificates surrendered for commutation money 18 2 L. F. 34 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 13 Statement showing the number of Locatees and of acres located; of purchasers and of acres sold; of lots resumed for non-performance of the settlement duties; and of patents issued in Free Grant Townships during the year ending 31st October, 1924. Township District or County Agent in C tn ^^ OX) o S 6 — 2 Jl u 3 a 'o 6 2 "3 in en o "o 6 en ll ■« u o c . 03 o u to "o ^ o >- (n 4-1 C OS d o< Baxter Brunei. . . . Muskoka « « « « « « « « « « « « « Haliburton . . . Muskoka « « • « Parry Sound. . « « « « « « « « « « « « « « u « Parry Sound. . « « « « « M « W. B. Gerhart, B racebride'e . 2 270 1 10 2 170 9 1,106 Cardwell . . « « « <( « « « « « « Miss I. M. Camp- bell Chaffey Draper Franklin 2 1 1 1 299 Freeman Macaulay Medora . . 1 206 1 1 2 311 101 64 4 796 99 Monck Morrison . . 1 1 186 97 2 1 374 97 1 100 Muskoka McLean Oakley Ridout 2 210 1 1 10 75 3 2 1 1 3 303 238 100 76 500 2 1 200 74 Ryde. . . 2 1 3 200 76 500 Sherbourne 1 5 2 89 Sinclair 812 Stephenson .... Stisted . 219 Watt Wood 2 204 4 55 3 500 1 126 Blair Burpee Carling Christie « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « Dr. J. S.' Freeborn. . « « « « « « « « « « 3 2 483 388 25 1 2 2 100 199 247 2 2 1 302M 392 Conger Cowper Foley 125 191% Ferguson Hagerman Harrison .... 1 200 1 200 154 Henvey Humphrey McConkey 1 1 1 200 199 100 1 1 1 200 199 100 2 199 McDougall .... McKellar 1 1 1 100 100 177 McKenzie Monteith 1 1 1 4 200 477 3 1 398 100 Shawanaga .... Wilson . Chapman Croft 1 5 196 702 1 3 18 46 1 2 1 196 247 150 3 3 1 1 219 300 200 Ferrie 200 Gurd Lount 4 1 1 5 1 5 2 422 200 94 673 143 966 382 1 22 3 1 400 200 2 352 Machar Mills 81 2 2 2 266 Pringle 1 1 3 2 116 145 411 382 468 Ryerson 264 Spence Strong 1 1 6 10 2 300 1925 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 35 Appendix No. 13 — Continued Township District or County Agent (0 "og 6 S2 n Wainwright. . . . Zealand Melick Pellatt 3 8 15 14 3 493^ l,193i 1,909 2,241 358^ 3 7 10 12 3 464i 1,033^ 1,370 1,827^ 41U 681 1 3 2 2 79f 20U 24 133 406 i 160 161 410 38 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. ij — Continued Township District or County Agent to C o CO u d^ to (JT3 i2 ct3 JS 3 a d 1 ■ O d to C o ^^ o u to o ^ 583 145 743 1,603 173 635M 119)4 973M 471 389)4 421 279)4 160 747 157)4 160 40 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 14 — Continued Township District or County Agent in u (0 0 ^2 5 <« rt 0) M-1 (C «*. 4) 0 0 0 C'S 0 y . (A c 'R 0) 0) rt'O u a- rt •o ^ 0 0 0 ^ z Benoit Beatty Bond Bowman . . . Calvert .... Carr Clergue .... Currie Dundonald . Evelyn German. . . . Hislop Matheson . . Mountjoy . . McCart Playfair. . . . Stock Taylor Walker Armstrong . , Auld Beauchamp , Brethour . . . Bryce Bucke Cane Casey Dymond . . . Firstbrook . . Harley Hen wood . . . Harris Hilliard. ... Hudson . . . . Kerns Lundy Tudhope . . . Smyth . . Lorrain . Mason . . Scollard. Hugel . . . Louden . . Loughrin . Phelps Widdifield. Hallam.. . . Timiskaming. Cochrane .... J. E. Mills, Matheson . Timiskaming. . . J. R. McCrea, New Liskeard . Timiskaming. . Timiskaming. . Nipissing Nipissing . Mark Morgan, Elk Lake. Neil J. McAulay, Haileybury. . J. P. Marchildon, Sturgeon Falls. . Nipissing . « Sudbury. . John Brown, Markstay. . W. J. Parsons, North Bay. . R. A. Teasdale, Massey. . 1,953 191 292 160 474 1,270 3,556 1,137 477 667 499 2,120 860 1,856 1,281 1,734 317 154 159 478 161 318 2 13 6 3 6 2 4 4 11 5 3 2 2 954 923 320 461 318 2,012 865 480 1,043 310 640 528 1,674 786 476 318 314 163 100 316 335 164 641 160 200 3 3,363 400 336 9 12 160 160 480 390 608 160 322 200 159 302 168 484 429 161 161 324 1,440 1,809 3 14 1 8 2 9 5 13 6 2 7 4 1 10 1 5 341 1,015 156 1,346 839 1,288 159 80 387 2,236 144 571 318 1,168 458 1,577 937 634 628 242 319 84 647 280 213 920 644 100 1,098 160 791 160 160 643 169 160 480 160 1925 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 41 Appendix No. 14 — Continued Township District or County Agent (0 p >> B 0 0) Burk Kenora Norfolk Leeds . Unattached « 22 1 Charlotteville . . . 1 1 6 Crosby (( 10 Creighton Sudbury Peterborough. . Sudbury Algoma Grey » « « (I it » « « « 161 100 457 160 41 170 150 352 329 63 8 100 29K 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 3 3 1 1 1 3 Dummer Drury 2 282 Deroche Egremont 1 1 1 t 95 Fairbanks Falconer Sudbury Nipissing Sudbury Kenora Renfrew Timiskaming. . . Frontenac Cochrane Peterborough. . Frontenac Timiskaming. . . Lennox and Addington. . . Algoma. Sudbury Algoma Victoria Thunder Bay. . Sudbury Lanark Simcoe Hastings « Frontenac Grey 125 170 149 Field 1 159 354 Gibbons 452 Graham Hartman Horton 1 100 Holmes Hinchinbrooke . . 1 200 Hoyle « « « 8 81 301 1 1 4 Harvey Kennebec 206 2 4 351 208 Kendry Kaladar Kapuskasing. . . . Louise 7 1 1,019 137 (( u u u (C u « « « « « 180 965 82 200 96 160 742 200 100 50 100 203 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 2 1 1 2 1 2 397 2 2 2 241 Lansdowne 15 Laxton 190 Ledger Lome 7 894 Lavant Matchedash .... Madoc 1 200- 8 117 1 3 1 1 6 50 Olden 245 Proton 99 Somerville Victoria Essex . « « « « « « (( <( « Total 156 86 200 322 129 100 100 3 81 1 6 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 100 Sandwich East 95 Seymour Northumber- land Timiskaming. . . Sudbury Hastings Renfrew Timiskaming. . . Sudbury Tisdale Trill . . 1 1 1 129 Tudor 1 131 75 110 Whitney ^^aters 3 163 165,184 1204 507 74,773 399 49,471 Number of lots assigned 552 Number of acres assigned 73,903 1925 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 43 Appendix No. 14 — Continued Locations by returned soldiers and cancellations for non-performance of settlement duties. District Agency Cochrane Matheson " Cochrane " Hearst " Kapuskasing Algoma Thessalon " Sault Ste. Marie Timiskaming Englehart " Elk Lake " New Liskeard Sudbury , Unattached " Markstay Nipissing North Bay Thunder Bay Port Arthur Locations Cancellations 21 8 53 0 9 ^ 14 38 2 5 1 5 7 5 1 0 4 0 6 0 3 1 4 5 6 0 131 76 Appendix No. 14 — Continued Statement showing the number of purchasers, acres sold and of patents issued in Town sites, during the year ending 31st October, 1924. Townsite. District or County. Agent. CO (0 1 C ?* u 0 5 "J 0) 0 S ^oS M-. en 0 rt . 0 . j: - s 0 o >o O T) O -^ OO -^ O irj r<:) l^ T^ CN -rj" ro VO 00 o" f^ t}*" ■^'" lO »— I CN »-H »— I -5l< in < u O fN vO t^ to CN r^ CO O O <^ fO o\ -^ tN OS ro O lO PO vO ■.-H 0\ O r0 O -l -H ■^ 00 OO OS OS Os O Os (M U-) ■^ "0 Tfi Ti< rri ■^ lO ■^ >-< t^ so so 00 O (Ti tN so CN "* ro lO O SO cvi Os ro OO Os""-! r<^ IT) (--T rC CN '-I tN so 00O\sOrcr^t^l^rJ00'^Tjr-l Tt< sO J^ t^ O OO 00 OS ■<* OS fN to --^ ■<* 00 so t^ ■* ■<* 00 f-- •.-H t~. so t-- rj 1 -H so tn 00 rc ro so »H PO 00 00 o t^ ■■^ 9.9 c ^^ "S <« Ti . *■ S. C bO m C ^ s.e-g^s 2S&-sg^j-sfe >,3artO-tia^:atncoC3> CL, W W H -S W W < Pi ^ O cc^pa < bO c S bo i:2 1925 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 87 • (4) Fires While the snowfall during the winter of 1923-4 was heavy the snow dis- appeared fairly early in the spring and the weather was comparatively dry until well on towards the end of June. A total of seventy-nine fires were reported in April, the largest number on record, and by the end of June, 524 fires or sixty-two per cent, of the total for the season had been reported. During the months of July, August and September the»hazard was com- paratively low due to the frequent and well distributed rains and to the high relative humidity. The month of October and the first few days in November were quite warm and dry and a number of fires occurred, but the damage from these was small. Taken as a whole the season was almost as abnormal for the low hazard as the previous season had been for the particularly high hazard. 88 REPORT OF THE No. 3 CLASSIFICATION OF FOREST FIRES By Month Month 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 1918 No. No. No. No. No. No. No. April , 79 197 248 119 61 50 53 44 10 462 374 283 154 22 38 35 280 194 77 212 121 102 5 296 290 475 97 105 1 May 4221 309 142 300 1142 362 414 613 377 14 294 273 124 9fi8 June July August September A October November Totals 851 1,343 1,021 1,269 1,287 1,780 965 ^April and May. ^September and October. By Origin Origin 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 1918 No. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Settlers 131 140 140 28 61 77 274 15.4 16.5 16.5 3.3 7.1 9.0 32.2 12.7 12.4 18.5 5.5 4.3 5.7 40.9 16.1 11.9 16.3 5.1 4.1 .8 45.7 9.6 8.8 14.8 11.0 5.0 1.1 49.7 11.0 11.7 23.9 1.1 4.6 7.2 40.5 7.7 9.2 37.0 3.0 2.5 4.3 36.3 8 1 Campers 9 7 Railways 46 5 Lightning Logging operations. Miscellaneous Unknown 3.8 4.1 4.6 23 2 Totals 851 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 By Size Size 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 1918 No. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Quarter acre and under 264 299 57 151 50 31.0 35.1 6.7 17.8 5.9 15.1 26.1 8.4 19.8 14.3 23.7 29.1 6.3 19.2 12.6 20.8 24.0 6.8 20.4 13.3 23.2 29.4 8.1 17.1 12.0 30.5 27.7 6.1 16.5 8.7 40 5 Over quarter to 5 acres 33.7 Over 5 to 10 acres 6.0 Over 10 to 100 acres 13.6 Over 100 to 500 acres 5.1 Over 500 acres 1.1 Over 500 to 1,000 acres 12 13 5 1.4 1.5 0.6 5.0 8.4 2.9 3.6 4.9 .6 5.5 8.1 1.1 5.0 4.9 .3 3.3 5.9 1.3 Over 1,000 to 10,000 acres Over 10,000 acres Totals 851 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Settlers were responsible for 131 fires or 15.4 per cent, of the total, a slight increase over the previous season. Campers, by which is meant berrypickers, picnickers, tourists, trappers, Indians and prospectors, were charged with 140 fires or 16.5 per cent, of the total, also an increase over the previous season. 1925 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 89 Railways are known to have caused 140 fires or 16.5 per cent, of the total, the same number as charged to campers. Due to the splendid co-operation received from the railway companies, however, the fires due to railway agencies burned over a very small area. The fires of railway origin were distributed as follows: — AVERAGE NUMBER OF RAILWAY FIRES PER HUNDRED MILES OF LINE THROUGH FOREST SECTIONS Railway 1924 1923 1922 3.3 6.2 *3.2 2.0 5.3 2.7 0.5 2.0 2.4 3.7 7.3 7.3 8.2 1.1 4.5 4.5 3.0 4.2 2.7 4.9 3.3 1921 Canadian National Railways (exclusive of northern line) . . Canadian Pacific Railway Canadian National Railways (northern transcontinental line only) Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway Algoma Eastern Railway Algoma Central and Hudson Bay Railway •=3.7 3.9 1.8 6.3 5.9 0.6 3.7 *Former C.N.R. and G.T.R. figures combined. Railway Per cent, of Total Number of Railway Fires 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 Canadian National Railways (exclusive of northern line) Canadian Pacific Railway Canadian National Railways (northern transcon- tinental line only) Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway Algoma Eastern Railway Algoma Central and Hudson Bay Railway 50.3 21.9 3.0 8.8 5.1 10.9 45.9 32.5 7.6 9.6 .4 4.0 *36.1 25.3 13.3 14.5 2.4 8.4 *47.9 29.8 7.9 10.6 2.8 1.0 *36.4 27.9 16.4 9.9 5.0 4.4 ♦28.1 26.3 25.9 17.9 0.3 1.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 *Former C.N.R. and G.T.R. figures combined. Lightning is known to have caused twenty-eight fires or 3.3 per cent, of the total. Logging operations were responsible for sixty-one fires or 7.1 per cent, of the total. Miscellaneous known causes were responsible for seventy-seven fires or 9.0 per cent, of the total. Fires of unknown origin numbered 274 or 32.2 per cent, of the total. As the efficiency of the protective organization increases the percentage of the total number of fires charged to unknown causes should decrease. A total of 851 fires were reported with an area burned of 146,017 acres. Of this total area, 101,739 acres or 69.6 per cent, were in the Western Inspectorate. Of the 851 fires, 563 or 66.2 per cent, were confined to areas of five acres or less in extent, 90.6 per cent, to areas of 100 acres or less, and 96.5 percent, to areas of 500 acres or less. While the low hazard unquestionably affected the 90 REPORT OF THE No. S number of fires and the total area burned great credit is due to the field stafif for the efficient manner in which the fires which did start were handled. CLASSIFICATION OF BURNED-OVER AREA Forest Conditions 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 1918 Acres Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Timber land 30,660 23,146 47,668 44,543 21.0 15.9 32.6 30.5 28.0 14.7 36.6 20.7 13.4 20.2 25.2 41.2 13.2 25.2 20.2 41.1 14.7 38.8 26.7 19.8 26.8 37.0 23.5 23.7 19 1 Cut-over land (some timber left) . Young growth (below six inclies) . Barren and grass land 39.2 19.5 22 2 Totals 146,017 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 0 The area of timber land burned over was 30,660 acres or 21.0 per cent, of the total area burned, as is shown in the above table. Cut-over land formed 15.9 per cent, of the total area burned, and land upon which young growth existed, 32.6 per cent., or a combined area of 70,814 acres. The seriousness of fires on these two classes of land can not be too strongly emphasized, because of the effect on our future timber crop. Barren and grass land burned over totalled 44,543 acres or 30.5 per cent, of the total area burned. 1925 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 91 On "0 O CN O lO o ro vO O '* iC O '-^ r^ tN CO t^ '— 1 1-^ --I y-i t^ rn r^ IT) ■^ oo 00 ro 'f '-I "-i fN Tf rh 0\ (T) lO O t^ 'O l-H ,-1 li", 00 '-I '— I ■•— 1 O \C o' 00 Cn" cT •<*" CN -^ ■•rJH lO r-1 ro 00 '-I r»^ t^ r/^ On fO en t3 O I vO lO O O 0^ rti ^O 00 t^ (N •^ O '* 0 vO ro C 00 vO O 00 O ^ t^ CN lO ■^ r^ --I tN \0 00 00 0\ 00 CN re ro O^ O 0\ fO '-I "5 ON rj< r^ vO On O *0 lO ro fD t^ O t^ ■^ ON cvj ro O t^ 00 00 Tfl ■.-1 CO »-< Pi W > O Q W < w < H U O o o I— I u O o "5"^ J3 00 '-I t^ r-l r^ On ■* O ro Tt* ^ \0 ON ■rt NO fO lO r-l On lO NO t^ lO '-H lO •rt* ro * O >0 ■* ro ro lO PO fO NO \0 00 ro t~- ■•-I lO 00 On lO CN t^ NO ■r-i 0\ NO ON lO On O tJ< t^ lO lO t^ t^ 00 > o o ^ o <« Esii cN t^ r-j t-~ -^ t^ •rt ■^ ro -^ Tt< '-H r-~ NO CN O NO •^ 00 ro On NO '-^ CO O -H On <5 CN r^ '-I NO rt* NO ■^ '-I -^ lO i-i > O 5^ o "" gi: r 1 C O •<* On 00 "-H re On lO CN NO -^ lo ro c^ ro CN rt< '-I CN tT) re NO NO 00 CN rt< ■<-H 00 NO ■^ O '^ 00 NO O t^ ■* lO ro 00 NO ■>* J3 00 Ov CN 0\ 1* Tt< lO On '^i CN '-I Tt< Pe fO ro Tti PO 0 O ■^ rNl NO 00 00 NO >-( PO O OJ -i c c u c4 b.2 o- o o c ^ o § S S^S PO tN "-l O On 00 t>- CN CN PN CN tH .-H »-l Os On On 0\ Oi On On 92 REPORT OF THE No. 3 (5) Permits A total of 7,602 permits were issued during the season, covering an area of 36,025 acres, as compared with an average of 6,620 permits covering 30,335 acres for the seasons 1917 to 1923, inclusive. In some districts, little burning was done due to the wet weather. Considerable clearing and slashing, however, was carried on and the brush and debris piled to be burned this coming season. STATEMENT OF PERMITS ISSUED District Number of Permits 1924 1923 . 1922 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 Cochrane 1,815 1,275 408 1,011 580 668 128 16 1,701 1,480 1,122 361 1,000 406 531 362 216 429 2,497 2,126 ' 1,774 ' 754 1,503 1,599 916 1,082 407 1,982 1,887 1,169 756 193 2,275 1,691 1,557 702 199 3,493 2,346 2,179 514 651 Matheson New Liskeard Hearst Timmins Kapuskasing Kenora Rainy River All other districts.. 1,452 459 167 211 407 Totals 7,602 5,907 8;603 5,966 6,154 6,635 9,590 3,486 Month "^lumber o f Permits 1924 1923 1922 1921 ^920 1919 1918 1917 April 127 849 3,614 1,388 1,093 528 3 May 2,131 711 1,314 1,077 566 108 1,992 3,034 1,502 1,'580 495 1,154 3,085 364 1,329 34 1,003 2,011 891 1,620 629 1,536 2,786 496 1,475 342 2,248 2,899 2,050 2,156 237 June July August „ September October Totals 7,602 5,907 8,603 5,966 6,154 6,635 9,590 3,486 District Acreage Burned Over Under Permit 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 Cochrane 4,010 4,573 1,345 2,311 1,421 2,351 325 57 19,632 4,348 5,027 1,160 2,335 918 2,126 35,006 1,374 2,490 8,108 7,613 3,837" 2,591 4,652 5,442 7,726 2,124 988 4,984 5,427 9,768 1,478 424 5,437 4,760 13,521 1,379 925 10,267 7,371. 17,863 1,134 1,971 Matheson New Liskeard Hearst Timmins Kapuskasing Kenora. Rainy River All other districts.. 7,306 2,746 686 ,768 1,072 . . , . Totals 36,025 54,784 29,455 23,678 22,767 26,790 39,683 15,186 1925 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 93 (6) Equipment The most important equipment purchased during the season was a total of fifty-six portable fire fighting units and 129,000 feet of unlined linen hose for use with these units. Two old units were also replaced with new ones. The total number of portable units now in use is 140 with an average of 2,000 feet of hose for each. These units have proved to be the most important single factor in combating forest fires and too much cannot be said in their favour. Along with these, a small hand pump was used most effectively. Other equipment purchased included fifty tents, three power pointers, seven canoes, two railway motor cars and eleven light motor trucks. In addition, one motor boat of the open cruiser type was built by the Chief Ranger at Timagami for use on Lake Timagami. (7) Locomotive Inspection Two men were again employed throughout the season on the inspection of fire protective appliances on locomotives operating on railways under the juris- diction of the Dominion Board of Railway Commissioners, these men acting under appointments as officers of the Board. A total of forty-eight round houses and gravel pits were visited periodically, and 1,920 locomotive inspections made, covering 875 locomotives. In addition, seventeen inspections were made of locomotives operated by lumber companies, bringing the total number of inspections up to 1,937. The percentage of loco- motives found defective and operating on lines under the jurisdiction of the Board of Railway Commissioners was 1.6 per cent., a decrease from 32.1 per cent, in 1918 as shown in the following table: — 94 REPORT OF THE No. 3 o •—1 H U W O. > O O u o o o u. On 19.5 34.1* 45.9 .^5 5 00 00 * •* OOOO NO lO 00 o o\ OS * On ro O t^ On ro (T! NO tN '-I ^ ■-H 00 tN O On 18.8 6.4* 12.0 46.1 00 tN ON fO t^ 00 -^ 00 >0 CN ^H to 00 On * 00 lO ■ tN CN NO lO CO 00 ON * roOiOOO tN Tj< ro es NO CN "1 On * lO ^ 1^3 tN -HOO-^ tN 00 NO ro NO "1 On O NO On lO NO lO tN ^H 00 00 O NO On T^ ^ lo in 00 00 p_ o CN On_ saAijouioao-] •ok Fiox . o\ •^OnOnI-nO O to '-I 00 Is en s tN CN-<* NO ■* "1 00 tS 'H NO <^ 00 2 at- a aX3 v.. t- •- O o o (0 U **" c/Tw o rt q a°:- « g -M -^^ 3 u •*- =5 Cm ao o -a.2 . aj*^ ^ 4; 4-< +J U -53 ;^ 03i^ CO ? U o c .2 '■M T5 4-> a o . '^ CO ^' 3 Cu o u a'^ o '4-> o ■^ a 2n--2 >. CO _« ^- OS g ^8 Ml fecs-8"1.5 a€^^.o d 8 " ^-o T-H fe. •- a C•- 03 rH S§.2 « 2 ^S o •a - c =^ S aj _- S.2-5 a U >^4J iS c SO CO >l 'is tjr:3 4-« o3> c 3tL. No. of Tend- ers - - - - CN Area sq. miles 00 - - (>] u O o CO CO CO (oU -^.^ 2^ CO S 1 < IS _^00 C 03 o CO Q 1 d ■-§ c it C 3 ^•? • 4-> dJ I IS cfl cO -^ r: o „ c n " S « 8 -.2 •^ .^ = r^C o| >, ^ o>x> 0 '. J^ 1 "O '. c atfl lSo» ^ CO . >» C CO tfl ^ §m p S u H "a; CO ~ J3 H:: o ^2 Q(/2 PC So So 2 NO f^ K." 2 o OS* «N . On 4j o f^ . 0\ 4-1 o t— CO CN <^ . 0\ 4-. '-I u O 2o 1925 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 123 i O o 00 o o 00 OS o o O C O 01 Red and white pine, $7.60 per M. ft. B.M.; jackpine, $6.60 per M. ft. B.M.; ties, 2c. each; in addition to Crown dues. 0=: O rt S8 •- d o oj •- •- 2 -*' • s .is| a.S ar.-8-aSS^-o 3j^ ^gw-Oi;^ s ^ s^ su:: ° Clip's Q.-^ ■- c o-oi< a:s— Co,'-; ° gmo~= ^-H-^ Oh-O u O u o^'^'O chjPuooo'O on: o - _ ^ - ^ • lO U -rt ^"^ S.'o' - . o._r 3o o -a tfl °loi 1 «^ (« r^ 3 a> C - S - a 3 ^ C.t: +-; n! o r3 ■!-> O a ■!-> >> "c o tn 3 4="o o a,"-; § o c u8^u.KSS ^^ C 3 Up-1 < O • u< . c ca= ■"> c i: c §1 Eg c-a iH'a . •™ o S.*^ 3-^1 = O 3 <^ cs lO f> >o >-( - t^ :^ c js cfl u M D c I.I li O c a ■^•- c 8q OboH cE.Sil^ S§ 1 ^° U en C '• o . ^g • a> u bO t^ J.} pi 1 4-* 1 O PO j:Ocq !«» H,r,-3 o" 4-> o 1 |q " 1 p d o o to" in . 03 en 1 ^ .&E J= 03 tn bo C cfl O 01 .li u, 0) U. > d 2 Q Q Q Q ?^ d Q So 2 2 > •^ o 2 o CO'"' ,-H O d 124 REPORT OF THE No. 3 6 > o o a 2 . C u O c 16'^ .= 3 — O u UCU u O m 5 Q 2^ 5 , O O 03 Ci cfl fN J" ^^ c\ 6 ^ 6 V ^ ^ (-> j2 o In +; ^^ u^ o ^ - - 3 Q, . O "O H « a ^. ^ r,-^ J3 ff g rt 3 2 ."^-g a" g^ u ..J5-C 1- O J a5! . o a ^ ^ ^5 U3 . . . C . S.+^ T u -IS -a - O , o '?■. c U' I. rt.2 t« uj i c t;— ■ ^^-^ o •- • u C O KC [t, rt e C <^^_;»o3 n; o can ""rs 3 a"^ aj ^ o . C a^ OJ m TTD ■M • -; in O U . I^g^3 H 3 cS ^X m CO C o . o a - <"oo ^ O 03 Li, O G Q 1925 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 125 < 00 o < < ON 00 00 «3 c 0 03 0 03 a go si fci) C "Si) biO 0 J 0^ Pine, $4.05 per M. ft. B.M.; spruce, poplar and basswood, $3.90 per M. ft. B.M.; other timber, $2.00 per M. ft. B.M.; ties, 25c. each; spruce pulpwood, 80c. per cord; other pulp- wood, 40c. per cord; fuelwood, 10c. per cord; cedar posts, 5c. Cedar poles, 30 ft. and less, 25c. each; 31 to 40 ft., 30c. each; 41 to 50 ft., 45c. each; 51 ft. and over, 50c. each; all in addition to Crown dues. o c .2 -3 T3 03 m u ^-o^'a .51^1'1-S.^c 4^CQ art'0.rt c ^'1 T3 .- 03.^ <>> •-* 0 -0 c &° ■ 0 u 0 < bc-n ° C ai 3 03 >. Cu - - CN CN fN - »H 5: 10 vO 5^ ^C Firstbrook Township.— Lots N. half 8, 9, con. 2, block 3.— Temiskaming Dist. <-i c cn'e 6 t« Cfl t/3 .2" 1 1^ ^2 1 ^ ^^ (n TO *jr c 3 -C 1 u c 0 +J i3Q ^^' ^" 13 4-1 1 '^ .S2 1Q H 0 bA -c . C/5 c 0 u c 0 u 0 1 ■ii 0 u ^■^ 0 OS u Q 00 re ^ CN . On 0 Q 0' On U Q rvi • Os C ^ 03 1— > ^0^ Os C ^ 03 1—) cs • ON c »-< 03 Q 00 fO '-I Q 0 0 0 Q Ov* o « iz; '5 R -^ O o 0 f^ 0 iZ^ CN C .2 c "5 tn' £ 15 T3 0 0 '35 o a £ CL, u a> 0 aj O o rt o ™ 0 G 0.42 "5=; 3 di-^i^ >= G 0 _o a°8"- CQ . ^^^ . u ■-S ■0 .S •r-S2 0 c •5 12 S" 5 in '^ ^ T3 •0 'c3 CL, 4) •" 0) 0 i> -^ C n 0 9"" ■^,;*^ ^ •5X1U4J ° 0 "S.S -o c c a <^ in ^-0 a - ^ 0 ,^" 0 -^ -c arS^-3 2 0 S 1-T3 .. U 1 0 0 - 1" 2 n a Si 5-0 c u ^ 0) ■^ 5 ■* rt 0 di p (U rt u "- 0 C.St: -a K> a 0 u 0 lu -So ^ R"4:! 0. ~ ^J-^-H-O u CN 3 « -0 0 3 0 ■i; r^ 10 rt c« *j 0 CT3 4i^ a. D. a! 10 T3 2 "o E o O C rt hJ g c ^ si "So c £ 1— > nJ 0^^ C U J CO 0 - t« - n!U tnj3 C bcg 5 O.C J£^ r Z 1 4i <^ . ►J 1 ^ 1 2'^ 1 "^ 1. 50 +^Q .s-l ceo >> 1 C m 1 . .s-g to ., 3S tn 4> C C .!=U 0 g^2 0 a, u C 0) O O %i 1 0 8^ 0 '^ . 12 . 0 g ^ 1 0 '. -H -H O-M 0 COXJ r-' (N 1--I 10 fO ^2 r}H^ -* CS "*—( •^•^ '*— ) I—) •— > u, Q(t3 O Ti-t^ ^s Tt o< c 1 — 1 2 c >— 1 2 a < 1925 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 127 o go 0) S »r^ Jh" 8 "^ « S (>i S T3 U 4; _- 5:! O y +-> 1o ^ oj o ■ en tN 3 .u: 4J vo .5 c c *-• ^ O, a!.5 O, O S ^ u *^ '^ P rt o rt 1- •- P .- rt-7:; ojjr a-o O -M c3 5 O Q. O O O. o .wooers- ^^C^ .3 .3'».t:. a_5-&5^ 2 >- JC^ a; « ° -u - 00 - g ojf^ > ^'TJ'O- uo.rt a; ^-c-^ o o c ^ OS 3 o ^ 1-1. UA >J -03^0 «i u « « iH - P5 o 00. y 0 u. cn_, C -tJ o 5 ° 310 OS •- ■ S ti I- O - u > o O O ■ o 3 g. o a.rr) --1 a"c J 10 •-3 ^^ CQ u t-l us Q r- s§:5 1)^ o C w -" 9- o o V O a. 4) a> oj a> 3 ■' ' ^ a 3 cs S o^_g^ ,-. S CcU ro" t« ^ fe '^iZ o c c o +j '^^•^%%-^^ fe 1"^ 3^-0 -§j= Oj::^^'^' ^ - oj o u .i5X5 « O^ J3 rt c 4^ ») a.m^^^Si PQ ° ° a^^- ■^8:512 Co)'- H a. J "s^-^^-^ S d O 3 0>0 -1-1 0) Q. O CN • - o "" o >- ? a o a •r) to 5 " VO > ^^ (U +^ o o . o ^ O) li-! nj 3 <^ ..-a o fe " c iy 03 pi; 3 •- 3 - >(^ > go O ID +J o cN ;r; (X) CJ Ci3 > > c o 0.5 Ch o en " 4) 2 43 4;^ 4J 3 4J 4-1 o >- -c *^ 3 S -"^ 3 o<; c/5 "3 ^ 1^ OC/) I tn 2 c3 C O, u U a . i-i « .& ^ Q c •- o.HH op" I a. 41 Pifi ...-0-D 10 ID s. s CU ^^ 4) a* c til'3 C o" ■^ c ■^ a, 0\ On >■ •^ 3 Pi ss 128 REPORT OF THE No. 3 ^ 6 o On O o o <5 c .2 'en O a o g M "2 C o o a. CL, Oh . ^ ^ 2 rt »o • - P5 O O O m CXm > C o :2.8°-°^^|tn- "^ jn Sfi V- oJ'OO fe > r<3 Q.in > C o 04©. 3tN O nj *J c o u o c _o "+J ■-5 -o .S d rsi €^ s 3 tn a S 3 c/5 J- d 0.4= J" IT C J! u o q ..13 tn •.- Cr'-) "-•o u-^ ...t: ^^ .--o J2 — IS tn s o o 1—1 •o be •J bio'u tn C, §5 C 1- -d 3 ox; No. of Tend- ers cs CN CN CN Area sq. miles re :>^ 5^ y O *cn tn i a: u • > 0) Pi oi « tn tn 'tn tn ■M O c/iQ u a > > c OtiO a . (/! C O P-iQ u ■ tn Ui C « is "2 Hi ^^ '>vO ^§ 0 ^2 ■^ 3 >—> •— > ^ 3 CN . CN bC •^ 3 < o ^2 2; 3 1— > 1925 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 129 o. o. 1-. c 05 ii Oh o ^^ — < tn . 3 a 5; a 3 aao • o "-^ S "^ «r c 3 o g-o o , ? rt u, 4) O U •CU'"' o , *-> v- ^13 So " c 3:5 fe"^ (U-O . " .S ^c^S fcg t^ Jo c "^ - y '^j, CM CO "^ « • ^^ u . rt .-H o E >- r 1- S^ 0 rt ^44 _CS| -O C tn O . . -v =^ -2 "^ u u i2 Pi 0) (U en tn > > O 2 pq oio .^ .^ . .5 o 5 S c - '-' O ID Ih -■ -— " PQ Oio .XI ^ i;o >lo'oo ^ ■^ O C T-< o S ^ > v--aU -' - "" ■ O "O 0) --0 .so CJ'--) rt a o-c O aJ 3 o . -S o ha" 3t-h a ^ o io.y •c > -C -3 -M Afi. ii . ir> 'D -I ^^ o ,; .3 (U O ci, 4^ i>5 _; 3 o o "^ e 10. S --3 r-l -MO ^ -T3'=5 O • TJ ^— I ^ tn en a +j 3 a-Td ?J > - ■ .'ij .y 2 D. tn' 5. .3«©^ O ID 10 c to 4) ^ ...CS 10 U ll> -a Ci \jj i-* -—• HJ .~; "— ' -^ - ^ a. a o h. . +J 3 <^ 4-" O '-'•"H-i P«<> O U 3 O §|2 I2E O -ej • 4> asbc -^J a!^ >^ 4) is O C-G Q rt J^3 rt bo •^ S p" cn-55 B 3 rt) rt 4) aS S > P3U 53 -" 3 - O -Id 4) 4> ^ a»-o ^ 3 h-o bJO ^^? 2^ P3 d •'-1 o . u +J 3 _ hJ^^ Ph3 O _ -3 -M C/3, .J 0 4) XI *" 3 ■O 41 4) T3 4) be h 3 <1) T3 rt . J u, 0-3 a 0 3 s x: -w 13 — 1 +-» n 0 »-) U ^^^ o . ^«- ■*-» > 1 a ^ JZ in ^ in tn i£ Q e3 s bo c 3 d bO E e tn 6 1 H ■* CM 0 a Hi O • Co u • I .r ,-; 3 '-' . ; .2-0 rt*^ pa O vm 'ca a' J2 4) (n T3 «„ = 3 PQ ^ 3 O J= ooE-'E-' o bC-j^ caQ in 3 in ^ 1 a> •5 ^ t; « bo>r «) . u r- 4) 2i a c/5 o So. ♦^ (U Os bO ^ 3 < 0\ bo '-I 3 < CM . O. bO '-" 3 T-l 3 < o;^ -"< 130 REPORT OF THE No. 3 .8 « a u 4) 1 Xi 1 B > o ^ Z H en 6 o ■(v. i ■«v, ^ o -o (U o u Tj< CN 1-- o -:3^ •-« G a, o o c o • - O ir> lo wo O-CN y P 03 --I rt c 1 c. p ^ ^ a -'^ o a o^ . a o o •- a. u oj . Qj -^ uoo ="-r; > u c>^ "-a v.^ o __ J, • - O u +-" rt ^ qj2 .. o a; „, C ooO T u tfi o >i 1-, u v^ . > o tn 8 ^"^"o 'S Ci-3 > '" ai72 -a T ajcj • S jj c.o Q.*.^ Cti 4-) 1— 1 1- c. ^ . o 4-1 ■'-' "*" c ■ o c .3 (U P2 _o O O O lO 03 c W c" 'o.> .3 3 U^ uu ^•o „ • c £ CN y-t ■*— t '"' O OJ (U • ^H Sa^ •o ^ \o ij oo';: ro 00 CO < e u -C « ^ Ov On C e .- \0 O "T- .- ■s O u 0] D o U 1 •-•-.-Q.-2 5 a. tn .9" J=fOroS 5H >> tn rt S86 IS en C -M •- o C C"' ro O '^ "tI 5^ 5'-' _'-'f^ E o u o S^ ^ |< O B ^ !y J3.i2 "C c CO e C ^'s . . . ' s ,>r .5 o ^ 00 U +^ 03 .— • Tf r'v:; UoO'^'-i.SD Z ^-a iW '^^ Tt*'^ ^'-' CN . <^ jA tM • CN ■ So. C/5 -& o -o ^^' T*CN CO ^=^ ^ 5 o <^ C CO I- O -" • 0- ■,— 1 . . c • 0 0 dj .0 u ■ c C ° C ^ art ^": iv'l 3 <"■ p/ ^q S.W'^-Sp 5 ir. o . M C ■ ^ be u O rr OHM c 1 ^ !S . en «5 C C ^0 oO «oQ n ^ 4) nj I- C C (« go . -c 2 ■ ot^ •£ 1 fe.ti c S rtfv <-^ CO (fi OJ ?.s 00 |V '* 1 rn tn '"'.2,'" ^ « 0 C/5 ... bet- XI » '^ - be3 .9- 1 0 J 0 ^ . Cl, >- +J 0 0 2^ 2S 0 0 0 <* . On a ^ OJ So 0 o" C/5 132 REPORT OF THE No. 3 s tN s? 0\ u J3 1 s ►-I OJ M- > O o Iz; fe; 03 « •^ fi R o «j 1, ■ ^ .o CU u 03 C 3 . a o-a Hi tn ^ O «o"^ 4JO Co 5X1 rt .-H'S — 0 -M .y OJ3 ^^Itn- 3 (u C C u 0 ^ oT 2 te 1- ^ in "^ ^ C So«JS.2 Ol, u, »^'«^.tifN S .T3€«9^ u js-d - a^ u-o ^ oj 5 ^ rag'-S oj tn tn wi c C 4) C Di J i^ iscL, °T3 ^ . C u t-H *-H 1-H *— 1 ^— f 0, ih rea iq. iles 00 fO 5^ t^ !>4 < " S >S£.S C ^ W C3 CU 23 C trT 0 n2 '"' tn fs 1 "^ ^^ 7^ "^ J2 -C _fl is SI. 0 OJ 1 1 a-* o o §5-0.22 03 'O rt'-' t ™ 'I 1 -Ipi C 3 £c' U 3J 0 "Ic -C 0 tiQ pq tn QQ :s-o 2 c CC3 ^ tn +J e C.2 03 0 (-5 3C-4 C St3"H »o o 10 t-^ »-: ^-o '^-H ^(>J •^ CN '*(M '^•r-i Qc/3 f'^ . f'^ . fN . (M <^ . 0\ +j 0\ 4j 0\ 4-1 On 4J 0\ 4_1 T-H U tH (J y-l U '-I U ■^ 0 o O 0 0 0 T3 -* '-' ■* '-' Tj<^ T^^' '*'-' ti ^ rq . ?N • "^ . CN . CN • nJ O O ^a 0 -^o 1925 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 133 54319 00 00 lO 00 '6 0 0 oJ c 03 (J 0 U "o 4-i tn 5 T3 C SO c By Order-in-Council, dated 16th July, 1924, approving Agreement dated 12th July, 1923. ** PARLlAlviri^I ^iSy|..:?),iWi^ ^ rn^uMrr^ REPORT OF THE Minister of Lands and Forests OF THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO For the Year Ending 31st October 1925 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO ONTARIO TORONTO Printed and Published by Clarkson W. James, Prim 1 '> 2 n REPORT OF THE Minister of Lands and Forests OF THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO For the Year Ending 31st October 1925 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE^LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO ONTARIO TORONTO Printed and Published by Clarkson W. James, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty 1^26 PRODUCED By QJiiifed Press! To His Honour Henry Cockshutt, Esq., Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Ontario. May It Please Your Honour: The undersigned has the honour to present to your Honour, Report on the operations of the Department of Lands and Forests for the fiscal year ending 31st October, 1925. JAMES LYONS, Minister. 13] Honourable James Lyons, Minister of Lands and Forests. I have the honour to submit herewith a report on the operations of the Department of Lands and Forests for the fiscal year ending 31st October, 1925. W. C. CAIN, Deputy Minister. \S\ CONTENTS Minister's Preface 7 Appendices: No. 1. Department Inside Officers and Clerks 16 2. DejKirtment Outside Agents and Inspectors 19 3. Statement of Lands Sold and Leased with Collections 21 4. Gross Revenue 22 5. Receipts (Special Funds) 23 6. Gross Disbursements (exclusive of Northern Development shown in special report) 24 7. Timber cut and Amounts Accruing re Dues, etc 26 8. Revenue from Woods and Forests 28 9. Acreage under License and Pulp Concessions 28 10. Locations, etc., under Free Grant Section of Public Lands Act 29 11. Lands Sold 34 12. Statement of Patents, Leases, etc., Issued 42 13. Statement of Work in Military Office (Lands Branch) 43 14. Statement of Communications received, dispatched, etc. (Records Branch) 43 15. Report of Director of Surveys on Crown Surveys 44 16. Statement of Municipal Surveys Confirmed 46 17. " Municipal Surveys Ordered 47 18. " Crown Surveys in Progress 48 19. " Crown Surveys Completed 49 20. Surveyor's Report, Residue Township of Farquier, District of Cochrane 50 21. " " Lakes and Rivers, including parts of Winnipeg and English Rivers, District of Kenora 50 22. ** " Drowning River, District of Cochrane 54 23. ** ** Base Line Thunder Bay and part of Boundary between Cochrane and Thunder Bay Districts 55 24. " " Traverse Little Current River, District of Cochrane 57 25. ** " Base and Meridian Lines vicinity Opazatika and Missinaiba Rivers, District of Cochrane 59 26. " " Township Outlines along Canadian Pacific Railway, District of Thunder Bay 60 ■ 2/. " " Township Outlines, District of Kenora 61 28. Forestry Branch Report — (1) Forest Fire Protection 64 (2) Air Operations 82 (3) Reforestation 85 (4) Forest Investigations 98 29. Statement of Timber Sales 100 [6] Report of the Minister of Lands and Forests of the Province of Ontario For the Year ending 31st October, 1925. I LAND TRANSACTIONS The general demand for settlers' lands in Northern Ontario, especially in the Clay Belt region, continued throughout the past year, though in a somewhat less degree than the previous year. Several important colony settlement pro- positions were submitted and considered, always with due regard for the natural or acquired capacity as well as the financial bona fides of the would-be settlers. It is conceded that our agricultural resources are so extensive and the possi- bilities of their development so obvious that pioneer settlers are a necessity. But until such time as there is a pronounced clear-cut immigration policy established by the Federal Government that invites and encourages the hardy type of pioneer, little hope can be held out for much beyond a very gradual development of the vast acreage in the Great Clay plains that some day must play a large part in feeding the teeming millions of Europe. The greatest caution is being exercised in checking up purchasers of pulpwood areas in the Clay Belt to eliminate the wood pirate. Insistence on reasonable compliance with the Regulations is having its good results and numbers of spurious holders have been cancelled and the land resumed by the Crown. The Supervisor of Settlement, appointed in 1924, has supplied the hitherto missing link between the Government and the settler. The effect of the direct touch is already felt. Colonel Smyth is applying his many years' experience in the north country to the improvement of the pioneers' conditions, closely studying their needs and co-operating with them. New regulations were adopted during the year under which the area in the Clay Belt to which an applicant is limited was reduced from a half lot of 160 acres to a quarter lot of 80 acres, more or less. The change aims at more inten- sive cultivation in areas practically 100 per cent, fit for production, more com- pact settlement with resultant improved social life, and more economical road building and local improvements, all for the betterment of the agricultural community. Certain group settlements established in Thunder Bay District and in the Clay Belt, along the National Transcontinental, are progressing favourably and give reason to hope for permanent farm communities. The newcomers are skilled with the axe and saw and appear to realize that hewing out and main- taining homes in new unbroken lands involve trials and hardships, the enduring of which paves the way for permanent settlements with high standards of industry and thrift. The Government is doing its utmost to make more happy the lot of the settler of Northern Ontario by building roads, using the settlers on construction, providing certain stock at cost, making loans on easy repayment terms, estab- [7] REPORT OF THE No. 3 lishing experimental farms at strategic points and making substantial grants for education. Encouragement is given the settlers in the disposition of their pulpwood, by the Crown urging the large pulp and paper manufacturers to buy their wood at equitable prices. In the various districts wherein farm lands are opened for settlement at 50 cents an acre subject to the performance of certain duties, 810 individuals, less than the previous year by 400, purchased lots, of which 65 per cent, went to the Cochrane District in the Clay Belt along the Transcontinental, 12 per cent, to the Thunder Bay section, over 5 per cent, to Nipissing and the balance to the various other districts. Free grant locations were made to some 535 persons, nearly 200 less than the year 1924, the largest percentage, as might be expected, going to the northern and northwest part of the Province, including Rainy River and Kenora Districts. While a noticeable reduction is observed in the numbers acquiring land throughout 1925 from 1924, it must be recalled that the last mentioned year was the best since the war and, pending some important movement of immigrant population of the hardy pioneer type, it can scarcely be expected that greater demands will be made for colonizing areas. Complete tables in detail showing the disposition of land for settlement purposes will be found in appendices Nos. 10 and 11. Clergy, Common, and Grammar School Lands The gradual elimination of this class of land by cleaning up old titles limits the transactions and reduces the revenue therefrom to a very small item, some $2,315.56. University Lands Under this head $1,517.05 was collected as against $1,290.19 for the year 1924. Sale Lands The total acreage sold for farming, townsite, town lots and tourist purposes comprised some 117,488.39 acres. The total amount collected on such sales and former ones was $100,042.73, about $19,000 less than for the previous year. In all, 8,139.15 acres were leased for a variety of purposes and the receipts for all leasehold areas amounted to $119,778.07, or $30,000 in advance of collections for similar purposes during 1924. Military Grants By an amendment in 1922, to the Veterans' Land Grant Act, Cap. 6, 1 Edw. VII, the time for making locations expired and now the holder of a certificate has only the privilege of surrendering it for a cash consideration of $50 or applying it as payment on Crown land at its face value of $80. During the year five certificates were surrendered and eight patents were issued. Under the Act approximately 13,998 certificates were issued and all these have now been absorbed, with the exception of about 1,045 which are still outstanding. The above has no reference to the special privilege accorded returned Canadian oversea soldiers of the Great War, who are entitled to acquire, free of charge, a farming location in Northern Ontario, subject, however, to all settlement regulations, which require actual residence, systematic clearing and 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 9 real farming. Ninety-three returned men took advantage of this opportunity during the year, as against 131 last year, but because of failure to comply with the regulations, seventy-two lost their locations as against eighty-two for 1924. Tourist Lands The educational campaign conducted last year by various means caused an unprecedented influx of tourists. This was reflected in the number of letters received, individual interviews given and applications for summer sites made. The Provincial parks, Algonquin in the east, Rondeau in the southwest, and Quetico in the northwest, were attractive points where strangers longed tb linger. The wild life of the parks, carefully protected by special regulations, their scenic beauty, preserved in its natural state, and varied allurements are being given continued steady publicity through the press and radio by those who have come and have seen and have been conquered. Choice parcels of land in the parks are leased at reasonable rentals under fair building restrictions. Our extensive forest reserves were visited by thousands during the summer, employing their time in deep trolling for the lake trout or casting for the speckled beauties. Hunters found within the reserves ample opportunities for their marksmanship and many a moose and unsuspecting deer paid the penalty. To meet the growing demand for canoe trips and summer outings the Department of Lands and Forests is considering the advisability of employing photographic means, in collaboration with our aircraft service, of detailing our parks and thus getting a perfect map of all waters and water routes therein. The tourist or health seeker is with us to stay and we must get ready for. more of his friends. Crown Surveys Surveys on Crown lands were performed where it was deemed expedient for the necessary disposal of lands for settlement, summer resort and mining. Surveys were also continued traversing some of the larger rivers and the extension of base and meridian lines in Northern Ontario. Special subdivisions of areas on the Shebandawan and Kashabowie Lakes in the Thunder Bay region were made and several hundred parcels, averaging 13^ to 2 acres, were released for sale to tourists at reasonable prices subject to fair building conditions. It is proposed to have land surveyors collaborate the ensuing year with aircraft parties to establish ground controls and make photographic surveys of certain areas to enable the making of up-to-date maps of certain rivers, lakes and streams hitherto not traversed or plotted. Water Powers The only new and important water power activity in the northern part of the Province was that of the Hydro-Electric Commission at Nipigon. The present plant with a 50,000 horsepower development is being augmented by two additional units, thus enlarging the capacity to 72,000 horsepower, although this will not be sufficient to fully meet the requirements consequent upon the expected pulp and paper expansion at the head of the Lakes, a fact which amply proves the wisdom of those who predicted success for the undertaking when pessimistic critics sought to belittle the proposition. 10 REPORT OF THE No. 3 The assured expansion of the paper industry at Kapuskasing on the Trans- continental also involves the necessity of a large and expensive development of power at Smoky Falls. The recent gold discovery in the Red Lake District of Patricia may likewise, if its actual development, as contemplated, results and permanency of the camp is established, lead to additional water powers in that region being sought and used. Considerable care is being exercised with regard to these potential powers and the policy of the Government is to so dispose of them that they shall always remain the inalienable property of the Crown and be subject only to lease under such equitable stipulations as will assure a consistent annual revenue to the Province and business stability to the industries depending thereon. Logging and Lumbering Although indications in the early fall of 1924 pointed towards a considerable diminution in the output of pine logs for lumber and other products, the actual operations for 1925, receiving an unexpected impetus as the season advanced, resulted in the production of approximately the same quantities as the previous year, some 337 million feet, of which 265 million feet comprised red and white pine, against 276 million for the previous year and slightly over 72 million feet of jack pine as against 61 million feet for the year 1924. The tie operations, though less extensive than for the season immediately preceding, nevertheless included an output of almost 2^ million pieces or less by about 300 thousand, the contracts with the railways having been somewhat curtailed. Log timber, other than pine, was operated to the extent of 78 million feet, or 17 million feet beyond that taken out during 1924. The pulpwood returns from Crown lands was less than last year by 250,000 cords, there being only 433,146 cords cut, an evidence, no doubt, of larger pur- chases by the pulp companies from settlers and holders of privately owned lands. Lumber companies express the feeling that, while the past few years have not been promising from a market point of view, signs are beginning to show a tendency in the direction of an upward movement. Eastern pine and spruce lumber producers have serious competition to meet from Western and Southern producers and yet are animated with the lumberman's firm spirit that the future may be better and brighter than predicted in some quarters. A real campaign of publicity is on foot to buy products manufactured from raw material taken from the home forests rather than to favour foreign products of less durability. Added interest is being shown in the hardwood line, judging from the enquiries made and the expressed desire of certain manufacturers to provide themselves with supplies. Certain small hardwood areas were disposed of at reasonably good stumpage prices ranging from $4 per thousand feet B.M. to $7.50 per thousand feet B.M., in addition to dues of $2.50 per thousand feet. This hardwood, in pursuance of the special Hardwood Act passed two years ago, will be all manufactured within the Province of Ontario. Investigations are being pursued with a view to determining on the advisa- bility of encouraging the establishment of a large hardwood manufacturing plant on the north shore in Algoma District, though actual delimitation of areas and laying down conditions will be worked out in due time. 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS U Timber Sales Exclusive of the areas in the Nipigon region and Kapuskasing watershed, where certain quantities of pulpwood were offered for sale for pulp and paper manufacturing, approximately sixty sales were consummated, the smallest area being one-quarter square miles and the largest 216 square miles, the latter being an area overrun by fire a previous season. Fair prices were received for the timber under a competitive basis, the upset price principle adopted by the Government proving efficacious from a revenue-producing point of view. Care was exercised in the offering of timber and special consideration given to the desire to provide, as was pointed out in last year's report, opportunities to going concerns of bidding on allotments for the continuance of their industries and maintaining populous centres, the existence of which depend so much Upon the logging and lumbering business. In certain localities, where the timber was found mature and deteriorating, it was placed on the market and sold, the areas being required to be properly cleaned and all debris regularly removed. The functioning of the Inspector of Operations, an experienced bushman, has materially aided in bringing about a much more effective co-operation between the timber licensees and the Departmental officials. The practical and theoretical is being combined with good results that merit the prediction of a successful natural reforestation of the cutover areas provided fire can be restrained. A complete list of the timber transactions may be observed in Appendix No. 29. Pulp and Paper Industry While no new mills were erected during the year except a small unit of about eight to ten tons a day on Manitoulin Island by a company who are securing their supply from settlers, considerable activity was shown by the existing plants, all of which operated up to their former capacity. Certain established concerns, like the Fort William Paper Company at Fort William, the Thunder Bay Company at Port Arthur, and Nipigon Corporation, Limited, at Nipigon, were all practically directly dependent upon the wood secured from settlers and private owners of timber lands, no Provincial Crown areas having been acquired by them. Following a careful cruise and estimate of the entire Nipigon region con- tiguous to these and the other established plants such as the Provincial Paper mills, whose concession was limited as to cordage, the Government called for tenders, the sale closing September 10th, 1925. Areas also in the Ground Hog and Kapuskasing watersheds in Cochrane district were included in the adver- tisement. A wide departure in the method of sale was made. Heretofore areas were specifically delimited and, without particular regard to the cordage involved or the lifetime of the industry, certain building expenditures were called for. The new conditions invited all interested parties to definitely state their places of building, extent of same, size of plant, cordage requirements, expenditure involved and labour concerned, the Crown reserving to itself the right to define the areas based upon the cordage requirements for a fixed period and to designate each year the exact portion over which operations are to be conducted. Four tenders were accepted in the Nipigon region and one in the Cochrane district, those in the former being Thunder Bay Company, Nipigon Corporation, Limited, Provincial Paper Mills, Limited, and Fort William Paper Company, and one in the latter, the Spruce Falls Company, at present with a plant at Kapuskasing. i^ .^ ,L L,, REPORT OF THE _^ No. 3 Should the agreements to be entered into by the Crown with these com- panies be executed before the Report goes to print, they may appear herein. In all these agreements the companies are required to manufacture every 9tick of pulpwood into the finished article, paper, and not merely pulp. In other words, the development of home industry to the limit is the new slogan. The newsprint production in Ontario at present is approximately 2,600 tons a day.. Under the new agreements, to be made by the Government, the daily output will be increased to 4,500 tons, this enlarged production materially bene- fitting the Hydro-Electric Power situation at the head of the Lakes, where additional development is being proceeded with to meet the growing require- ments. At Kapuskasing the Spruce Falls Company are preparing to energetic- ally proceed with their new undertakings, which involve a large expenditure in the harnessing of Smoky Falls power and the building of sixty miles of railway and transmission line from the Falls to Kapuskasing. With this substantial increase in the paper development, adding to the daily output alone over 2,200 tons of mechanical and sulphite pulp and 2,000 ^piis of newsprint, will come an increase in commerce, addition to the railway tonnage, a general stimulation of business, the adoption of sane and modern methods of timber conservation, and a resultant maintenance of a consistent trade balance with our leading newsprint customers to the south. Forest Cruising and Estimating Continuing the practice now followed for some years, all areas were duly cruised and estimated before sales of timber were advertised. In pursuance of a policy adopted in 1923 in all important timber limits offered, subject to annual licenses, the estimate of the kinds and quantities of timber are specified and an upset price fixed, thus providing the prospective bidder a basis of calculation without undertaking intensive surveys. These cruises and estimates were made through the District Crown Timber Agents. Mapping of important forest types was carried on through the Forestry officials working in conjunction with the Provincial Aircraft Service and investigative survey work, and in this way over 5,000 square miles was covered at a very low acreage cost. For particulars see Appendix No. 28. Forest Fire Protection Several exceptionally dry periods occurred during the season that tested the fire-fighting units to the limit, but although called upon to perform herculean tasks under almost impossible conditions, the staff succeeded in confining the fire scourge to limited areas. The Air Patrol Service, working in unison with the land force, proved its value throughout the trying time by not only detecting incipient fires but actually on different occasions suppressing them. The air craft owned and operated by the Province has already had a most salutary effect upon the morale of the whole country covered by its operations. The actual loss of commercial timber due to fires the past summer was comparatively small, as the areas burnt w^ere largely cut-over sections, slashed lands, and barren sections, but these fires had to be fought to protect adjacent valuable yields of virgin timber and second growth. Of the total acreage overrun by fire, but 4.7 per cent, was timber land, as against 21 per cent, for the preceding year and 28 per cent, for the year 1923. Confining the burn to such a restricted area means a tremendous saving in actual money that is almost impossible to adequately estimate. The 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 13 expenditures on fire protection were considerably higher than last year, but this was largely due to the capital outlay on the new hangar built at Sault Ste. Marie, where, under one roof, eighteen seaplanes are comfortably housed and workshops, store rooms, office apartments are adequately provided. This structure is the only one of its kind in Canada and has no superior on the con* tinent, and this, our centre air base, is the only air harbour in the whole of Canada classed as A-1. In addition to patrolling for and suppressing fires, the seaplanes are utilized in surveying, sketching and photographing timber areas and other natural resources. The vast areas covered and the time saved, as against the old system of cruising large limits, means the perfecting of an inventory of resources that enables the Crown to provide for the early development of its potentialities and the establishment of going concerns. Several commercial enterprises were undertaken by the flying corps and the results attained exceeded expectations. The transportation of men and supplies by air ships afforded mining men the opportunity of getting access to and undertaking extensive development work in Red Lake District, where com- mercial rates were imposed and the aggregate receipts in connection with same substantially aid in carrying interest charges on the investment. For detailed report see Appendix No. 28. ,^ Reforestation Intensive work- was continued at the three Provincial Forest Stations of St. William in Norfolk County, Orono in Durham County and Midhurst in Simcoe County, while considerable transplanting was conducted at the Trans- plant Nurseries situated in Prince Edward County at the Sand Banks and irt Grenville County at Kemptville. The nursery stock carried at the above mentioned stations approximates twenty-seven million conifers and two million hardwoods. For detailed information on this work and other branches covering municipal and private plantations, see Appendix No. 28. Colonization Roads The amount expended upon this service was S474,409.34, as against $447,444.66 during 1924. Of this total over 50 per cent, is directly chargeable to by-law requirements of municipalities under which the Crown spends an amount equal to that covered by vote of the township. Forty per cent, was directly granted and expended by the Province on the construction and main- tenance of roads, the balance, 10 per cent., being conserved in the purchase of road-making machinery, inspection of roads and bridges, compeiis.iti ):i to injured workmen and certain incidentals. Accruals and Collixtions The largest revenue ever collected in the history of the Department of Lands and Forests was that received during the fiscal year ending 31st October, 1925, some $5,013,867.85, exclusive of SI 66,808.25 collected by the Northern Develop- ment. The total accruals from timber dues, ground rent, fire protection, bonus,, etc., were $4,420,271.17, as shown on statement under Appendix No. 7. Orr this Woods and Forests Account, including certain outstandings, the sum of $4,610,922.53 was received. The sale of lands for agricultural townsites and 14 REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS No. 3 other purposes amounted to $103,875.34. Rents on leasehold properties brought in $119,778.07. From Parks casual fees and refunds the sum of $179,291.91 was collected, making in all over five million dollars, as above stated. The above is a very creditable showing considering the uncertainty of the timber market, and the reduction in the number of farm lots sold. Disbursements The total expenditure of the Department (excluding Northern Develop- ment) was $2,845,762.20, or an increase of approximately $250,000 over that for the year 1924. This is more than accounted for by the increase of some $323,000 in fire ranging service, largely due to heavy capital expenditure inci- dental to the erection of the hangar and aircraft parking station. In 1924 the capital expenditure on fire ranging was but $86,000, but in 1925 $276,000, to which amount is chargeable the cost of the hangar, some $178,000 in round figures Some important additions were made to our fire-fighting equipment in the way of portable fire-fighting units, hose and over 200 new portable hand or force pumps. In practically one-half the items of service reductions are found. For complete statement of disbursements under Northern Development, see special report by Northern Development Branch, APPENDICES i [15] 16 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Pi JS c C/5 So o o oo o o O O O O "^ o o 00 MD lo, rrT oi'i-T-^r-T c o O lO oooooooooooooooo ooooooooocoooooo o c t: "B- u o c »J fN O CN ■rt i-H . 0\ --I o r^ CN 00 Ov O^ On Cn o't-" CN ON OOOnOOnO'^OOOsO'-iOO'-iO OOOOOOvoOOsCNOCsoOCsOvOnOOnOn tn 'J C - 0) C .2" c 3.2'-' c-g^Q a c o ."^ .2 ^ OJ a . . ' rt ■ V- ■!-> be : : i : : : : : : i^S -^ i-^ ;::::: :HcJ5 ^s? •*- cj o o o t; U CLi CO C/) 00 U •3 I* ~ en C c O «) o C ^■^ ;^W:Sk ;wQ 03 U r^ 01 ,— in Q t^_ w ^^ (23 ui pq < <■ ui fc f2 O ^ E b ^ cj ^ ,-:><' i-;u.' c/j < bi cA) ui m' ui cj CA) m •S e 2 m B 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 17 coocooocooo OOOOOOOOO"0O 00 vo Ti vo 'r)_o^o^o_o_oo ■*_ ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo OOOOOOOOOOOOiOOOCOOO OiOi'>iOOOOO"^OOOCNOOO>00'0 00-*'-*00r0f^OOv0000r^iOO'*'^f<^O'-iO oo ooo oo oooo ooo O '-I ON ^ lO 'J* ■^ ON(r30^^0'<~~0'Ot^r^CN 0-H»-iONOC>C>OOt~^)0 CnCNOnOOOnOOOOOvC. CvOs >< c u be >> >> >> ?i hr >> >M zs ■r-tvii-(000\-— lO'-l'-<0-^CNi-l,-lOCNCS'rH O^O^0^O^O\00O^O^O^O^O^O^O^Q^O^O^O^O^^ +J be 0, >. d) > t 3 D rn w 1 ^^-^ ^ u c ST Ui u ■ .2.2 'c'S en uu ^ O O aj'c'S U— ,c/) be O cJo .a U y u (D — <0-iCAJU . c O M •^ o.t: ^ 1- 0) 3 K^ °-c s ° .. .3 • J o ■ ^« .a >;:rUO^SHWJ j=j^ 1^. C/5*5 rt 0) ui ;§ < -; C OJ-r- 3^ t O i3 3 o 15 3 S.C S^ n n o PQ 18 REPORT OF THE No. 3 'W u a O "vS U, s "O 1 c 1 tn ~«l "V a o rt 15; h4 .« "o t3 ^ d ^ ^ S ■M U a 5£ O e 3 S v Pi >. 3 ^ C a -M cn«o J - o >> 1) .. en rt Spa CO '-' . .5 o^ & S *o o 2 < ooooo ooooo ooo ooo ooooo ooo ooooo ooo UT^t^ *^ t^ P<1 lO lO ro o ooooo o ooooo o ooooo O O O "^ O "^ ^_ 0_'-^^'t r-^^O^ •^~ (rrcs~'-ri-H T-T m a . ;q^^ 3 krH U \C "-> f^ r^ 00 vo >D 00 ^OO'-i^ O^OS OnOnOvOnOn O^OvOO u u u 13 c 0) a 3 « 43 O 3 ojx; •5 u c/) U fc ^c/i ^"ZX c o u PQ te •^ »-l On ■^ On r>i 00 lO O 00 -H OV -H T^ •P^ On 00 0\ OS Ov :^ Mac ^^ ,-n 3 T3 a> rt-c o t— ( y-^ 1* lj y-* o 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 19 E H o U 0) S c bjo'^ -a Q.T3 >, 3 • '-H IC 00 fT! t-l i-H cs CN •c >>>> ^s ►^o z ;z; fc t— ,^ s ^ D cA! H-,o >—>(n >—>< <; z <; fc >^ >. >^■ ■^ O P~l o -^ On On On 0^ Cn •<* vo ■^ fN "-t T-l ON On On 'tO'i-lCNON, lOUT^l^'^CN'-llOirx^-.-lTtiOOON •r-irNi-H-.-iOcsOi-icN''-iONr-JOOCNfNCNOO OnOnOnOnOnOnOnOnOnOnoOOnOnOnOnOnO^OnOn O !:-» On lO th -H ■.-( r-i Ov 0\ On On "13 8 c^ cd rt cd rt CU 0-1 Cu cu cu rt rt rt OhO-iQ-< O S t" U3 ;"• 4) m U<5| ■ :QZ "! !;; "5 D ra l-i ,?^ -1-1 C O TO '^Ui rt O «5 C c'S - ?? -^ c O tc rr\ ™ ^ 4) O) _] ^ [« J2J2 bS aS S £^2 rt 5 o rt cs rt g — ■X c w . 2 3 !r, ^ - £ c> ^■••^^ 5 o - J? 1—1 c ■5 - o ra C ^ C > < -^£ C^' rt >— I 4, m O — U QQQW' U< ' o c .TJ o OX Jm C TO o U tn" - «:; = -U TJ'OT' C — _^rt tn rt rt rt J-g cn-,^ O g Ui 20 REPORT OF THE No. 3 ei oi 0) < J2 +j "rt C in 0) u a < ZC o omooo ooi>-o oo rn ro '-I fN 00 0\ O OOOO OOOOO vO CO t^ 0\ '— I oooooooo OOOOOOOO oooooooooooo oooooooooooo oooooooooooo oooooooooooo oo oo oo o o lO ■rH I ^ •* '-H ^ a < fr5"lD lO '-Too CN CS O »-' CN O '-I 0^ On O^ O^ On ^ I; Sfti a W ^i fcH UW J_j o \Oror<5 0C"^>O oOOoOONr ^ •-■ rt c-^ ^" ^ " -M > !3 r: •^"tT-* O t^ 00 rt< -^ O'lo'rt^'t^ ro lO CNCN'<-lONOOOJCNCNOr^l»-l cso OnOnOnCOOnOnOnOnOnOnOnOn OnOn o U be Ri C (*) ^ ^v-« '^ ^^ EU3 ^ li Ui o c = •? J oj tn o.^ .. u 5Q 'C o c y Q +^ I— I U) •C O bO +3 bcC b>3C-S ^ be (U Qt P^cJ^Q w ~ i 8Q pa- -' -M +J +J 4-1 U U l-> l-i o re rt re y 3 y in "O in .b 05 re aCQ be B u £'B £ be 3Q E u H-jnH 2h-> ^.2*. g4^iJ V- a. t- r, i- ^ re-- rt,'" rt .-c 2 2 § g ^ e is O c be 2? g-tj o £■> ■= S§^><-3 be < u E c^d:^ bE iH T3 re O '^ 3 I-, rt PJ j2 5 r- '-I m. .5fQ c-S t.«! 1-H C ^ , 5 re re rt o ° c jr «i K^ H ^ re-c be 3 o 3 3^:^ jy.£ : oj 5 : fe Uh o W fc o c c.S-5 +;•? o o s '3 4-> K>% in in o i^|^ u. in re ?, i--2r re re u 1* a; u, cQmuQOO w fcCQE •o in"^ . J3 O c 3 ^ ^ ^"P S^-^ . . aT J2 P ' 2 ^ re U— c « lUrpJ^ S 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 21 Appendix No. 3. Statement of Lands Sold and Leased, Amount of Sales and Leases, and Amount of Collections for the year ending October 31st, 1925. Service. Acres sold and leased. Amount of sales and leases. Collections on sales and leases. Lands Sold: Agricultural and Townsites, etc. Clergy Lands Common School Lands Grammar School Lands University Lands Lands Leased: Crown Temagami . 117,488.39 50.00 1,798.00 8,094.18 44.97 127,475.54 115,507 14 50 00 899 00 5,296 04 490 00 122,242 18 $ c. 100,042 73 485 54 1,608 26 221 76 1,517 05 110,136 32 2,292 80 216,304 46 22 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 4 Statement of Revenue of the Department of Lands and Forests for the year ending October 31st, 1925. Service $ c. $ c. $ c. Land Collections Crown Lands: Agricultural 81,205 62 18,837 11 100,042 73 3,832 61 Townsites Clergy Lands 485 54 1,608 26 221 76 1,517 05 Common School Lands. . Grammar School Lands. University Lands 103,875 34 Rent: Crown Leases 101,771 24 3,055 40 5,065 00 244 68 2,292 80 7,348 95 Algonquin Provincial Park Rondeau Provincial Park Bruce Beach. . . . . r~. . .-. . ..-. .~.~. ...... . . r; . . ; . . . Temagami Leases Sand and Gravel 119,778 07 Woods and Forests Bonus 1,565,896 83 2,669,587 84 103,247 58 266,488 13 5,380 00 322 15 Timber Dues Fire Protection Mill License Fees 4,610,922 53 Parks: 6,931 IS 1,624 80 3,790 23 Rondeau Provincial Park. , Quetico Provincial Park 12,346 18 Casual Fees 1,877 35 219 00 Forest Reserves, Guides' Fees 2,096 35 Refunds Agents' Salaries and Disbursements 5 60 11 02 44 50 25 48 161,401 76 1,739 40 1,606 62 Contingencies Clearing Townsites and Removing Fire Hazards. . . . Display at Toronto Exhibition Fire Ranging Reforestation 164,834 38 $5,013,852 85 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 23 Appendix No, 5 Statement of Receipts of the Department of Lands and Forests for the year ending October 31st, 1925, which are considered as Special Funds. Service $ c. $ c. Principal Clergy Lands 274 25 211 29 Interest Common School Lands 485 54 Principal 876 40 731 86 Interest - - Grammar School Lands 1,608 26 Principal 138 60 83 16 Interest University Lands 221 76 Principal 1,111 31 354 40 Interest 1,465 71 $3,781 27 24 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 6 Statement of Disbursements of the Department of Lands and Forests for the year ending October 31st, 1925. Service $ c. $ c. $ c. Agents' Salaries and Disbursements 102,075 23 Algonquin PkoViNCiAL Park 33,518 26 Allowance School Section, South Walsingham., . 300 00 Allowance School Section, Township of Vespra . 250 00 Allowance Township Sidney re Survey 250 00 Allowance to Mrs. J. P. Secord re Cancellation OF Leases 1,500 CO Allowance to W. H. Manning re Cancellation OF Leases ... 1,500 00 Board of Surveyors 200 00 Clearing Townsites and Removing Fire Hazards. 25,769 47 474,409 34 Colonization Roads Commissions re Sundry Investigations 250 00 Contingencies, Colonization Roads. .^ ,.,.... 2,008 77 Contingencies, Advertising, etc 60,818 15 Cullers' Act 50 75 Display at Toronto Exhibition 906 01 Fire Ranging 1,187,506 18 Forest Ranging 443,161 08 4,841 14 Forest Reserves Grant to Canadian Forestry Association 3,000 00 Insurance 5,026 03 Legal Fees and Expenses 1,250 00 Moving Expenses of Officials 178 38 Ottawa Agency 2,652 54 Purchase and Maintenance of Automobiles. . . . 178 13 QuETico Provincial Park 10,808 62 Reforestation 200,389 75 Refunds — Miscellaneous 41,691 40 Rondeau Provincial Park 11,211 29 Carried forward 2,615,700 52 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 25 Appendix No. 6 — Concluded Service $ c. $ c. $ c. Brought forward 2,615,700 52 72,527 39 SUHVEYS Unforeseen and Unprovided M I-.- ; 835 00 Veterans* Commutation ■.T" T~-; 250 CO WoRKMENs' Compensation 7,005 61 2,000 00 1,827 64 Gratuities: Kenneth" McBride and Victor Gilbert Statutory: F. H. Keefer - 2,700,146 16 26 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix Statement of Timber and Amounts accrued from Timber Dues, Ground Rent, Quantity and Area covered by timber licenses Saw Logs. Province of Ontario Red and White Pine Jack Pine Other Square Miles Pieces Feet Pieces Feet Pieces Feet 17,728M 6,157,600 259.462,623 4,246,667 70,401,499 2,390.651 78.424,552 Statement Shingle Bolts Cedar Posts Tele- graph Poles Pulp- wood Railway Ties P Wanej Province ine r & Cubic Lagging of Ontario Cords Pieces Pieces Cords Pieces Pieces Cubit ft. Pieces Timber Dues 46 169.572 36,002 433.146 2,702,343 4,752 236.089 3,512 1.703.224 05 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 27 No. 7 Fire Protection and Bonus, etc., during the year ending 31st October, 1925. Description of Timber Boom and Dimension Timber Piling Cordwood Red and White Pine Jack Pine Other Hard Soft Tan bark Pieces Feet Pieces Feet Pieces Feet Feet Lineal Cords Cords Cords 41.891 6,514,574 27,438 1,792,137 49,120 4,146,896 10,625 21.041 43,309 883 of Timber — Concluded Amounts Accrued. Bonus Trespass Deposits Timber Sales Ground Rent Interest Transfer Fees Fire Tax Mill License Fees Total $ c. 1,630,697 23 $ D. 59,396 77 $ c. 543,825 00 $ c. 102,389 93 $ c. 108,547 91 $ c. 5,380 00 S c. 266,488 13 S c. 322 IS S c. 4,420,271,17 28 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No, 8 Forestry Branch Statement of Revenue collected during the year ending October 31st, 1925 Timber Dues , ..... . . . .7. . .TT . . . 7. . $2,669,587 84 Bonus 1,565.896 83 Fire Protection ^ . . 266,488 13 Ground Rent ". , ... , . 103,247 58 Transfer Fees 5,380 00 Mill License Fees 322 15 $4,610,922 53 Timber dues $2,018,072 58 Interest, timber dues 107,690 26 Timber sale deposits 543,825 00 $2,669,587 84 Bonus 1,565,896 83 Fire protection 266,488 13 - Ground rent ....„ $102,389 93 Interest, ground rent 857 65 103,247 58 Transfer fees 5,380 00 Mill License Fees ; 322, 15 1,610,922 53 Appendix No. 9 Acreage Under License The area covered by Timber Licenses where the holder pays Regulation Ground Rent and Fire Charges, at the end of the fiscal year 1925, was 17,7283^ square miles. The number of Crown Timber Licenses issued for the license season of 1924-25 was 930. Pulp Concessions The area covered by pulp concessions exclusively amounts to 39,437 square miles, on which fire protection charges at the rate of $3.20 per square mile are payable. 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 29 Appendix No. 10 Statement showing the number of Locatees and of acres located ; of purchasers and of acres sold ; of lots resumed for non-performance of the settlement duties; and of patents issued in Free Grant Townships during the year ending 31st October, 1925. Township District or County Agent -o CO fti o CO C nt c -i-> ^ (0 j: in c (U CJ 0) (0 13 0) fe^ 4)T3 (j-a 3 o o - d-- '^ z iz; ^ Z 12; Z Baxter. Brunei Card well. . . Chaffey. . . . Draper. . . . Franklin . . . Freeman. . . Macau lay. . Medora. . . . Morrison. . . Muskoka. . . McLean. . . Oakley Ridout Ryde Sherbourne. Sinclair. . . . Stephenson. Wood Blair. Burpee. . . . Carling, . . . Christie. . . . Conger. . . . Cowper. . . . Foley Hagerman . Henvey. . . . Humphrey. McConkey. McDougall. McKellar. . McKenzie. . Monteith. . Wilson Chapman . Croft. . . Gurd . . . Lount. . Machar . Mills... Pringle. Ryerson , Spence. . Strong. . Armour. . . . Bethune. . . Joly McMurrich. Proudfoot. . Muskoka. Haliburton. Muskoka. . Parrv Sound. Parry Sound. W. B. Gerhart, Bracebridge. Miss I. M. Camp- bell, Parry Sound Dr. J.S. Freeborn Magnetawan. . . David Thaw, Emsdale. 74 98 100 100 300 100 102 203 400 298 165 215 200 101 100 99 101 496 100 443 100 202 400 27Ko 103 28 32^ 5 104^ 51 5 105 100 68 47 3 4 2 2 10 2 5 1 1 1 176 74 320 98 100 506 403 500 161 275 1,409 288 397 199 200 100 203 598 198 155i 248 39 100 100 300 177 154 200 198 273 479 200 183 99 394 100 119 183 629 298 462' 30 REPORT OF THE Appendix No. 10 — Continued Township District or County Agent No. of persons located No. of acres located to (U CO nJ 3 a o d 1^ 2 "o CO CO £J u cfl Ml o i CO CO o a. d2i No. of patents issued No. of acres patented Hardy Parry Sound . . « « « Nipissing « Haliburton . . . « « « « Peterborough . « « Haliburton . . . « « « Hastings « « « « « « « « Renfrew « « « « « « « Renfrew « « « « H. J. Ellis, Powassan. . « « W. J. Parsons, North Bay.. . « « R. H. Baker, Minden. . . 2 3 5i 102}{o 2 3 2 6 300 Himsworth 1 100 410 Laurier 2561 591 Nipissing Patterson 1 100 3 1 1 1 2 1 9Ko 4 100 4 23 28 1 1 100 93 Bonfield 1 2 2 1 30 304 99 100 2 1 3 3 150 Boulter 50J 301 2121 Chisholm Ferris 2 2 1 3 177 200 100 300 Anson Glamorgan Hindon 1 1 1 2 1 1 100 « « « « Wm. Hales, Apslev .... 3 1 1 291 98 95 102 Lutterworth. . . . 2 1 291 95 Minden Snowdon 1 100 3 1 350 100 Stanhope Austruther 2 1 6Ko 54 1 100 1 137 2 4 354 Burleigh, N.D. . Chandos 294 « A. N. Wilson, Kinmount. . 2 246 Methuen 1 1 1 100 2 5 Cardiff 2 1 2 4 .... 5 2 7 2 200 Cavendish .... 100 101 685 110 121 Galway Monmouth . « « W. J. Douglas, Maynooth. . . 307 1 1 92 110 507 Bangor Carlow 1 10 100 Dungannon .... Faraday « « « « « « « Frank Blank, Wilno. . . « C( « « « « « « « Finlay Watt, Pembroke. . 2 3 1 1 2 1 4 74 346 200 184 207 100 396 3 30 100 102 703 167 1 31 855i 159 Limerick 3 184 129 100 632 Mayo Monteagle McClure 5 2 1 1 3 3 485 197 Wicklow 101 WoUaston . . . 100 Brudenell Hagarty Jones 2 2 7 3 1 1 7 5 4 1 200 208 54U 258 100 100 1,055 416^ 343 193 2 131 3 3 3 2 298 304 207 165 400 3 4 12 204 20 Lyell 4 2 794 Lyndoch Matachewan 320 Radcliffe Raglan Richards Sebastopol 34 19 100 3 3 2 3 490 250 144 293 6 6 3 1 3 2 1 2 616 806i 575 200 2 100 185 419 Algona, N Alice 127 1 100 100 Buchanan « « 1 2 4 1 2 140 205 404 117 201 190 Fraser Head .. 1 100 1 116 Maria . . 200 Petawawa 2 301 158 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS Appendix No. 10 — Continued Township District or County Agent en "O CO C O u 3 s en C tn 0} ca 0) en C 0) rt-O "-« ^^ a nJ ^s J!H O, (U Co o S o 6 O d • Co o <-> d 2i °.2 6'" ^ ;z: iz; ^ :2; iz; ^ Ralph Wilberforce. WyliePt... Calvin Cameron Pt. Lauder Mattawan. . Papineau . . . Park. Galbraith , Lefroy.. . . Hilton. . Jocelyn. Baldwin , Merritt . Blake Conmee Crooks Dawson Road. . Dorion Gorham Lybster Marks McGregor Mclntyre Oliver Paipoonge, N.R " S.R. Pardee Pearson Scoble _Sterling trange /are [twood. Hue turran )ewart Mike lorley lorson [cCrosson. . Tielles Pattulo Pratt Roseberry. . . Shenston .... Sif ton Spohn Sutherland, . Tait Toveii Worthmgton . Renfrew. Nipissing. Algoma . Algoma . Sudbury. Thunder Bay Rainy River. Finley Watt, Pembroke . J, A, Fink, Mattawa . Thos. Dean, Sault Ste, Marie. . . Albert Grigg, Bruce Mines. . . W. J. Trainor, Hilton Beach. Edward .Arthurs, Espanola . S. H. Wilson, Pt. Arthur, Wm, Cameron, Stratton. 100 238 200 248 306 382 300 63 100 510 474^ 1,1161 285^ 228 755 l,465i 2,448i 160 1,077 1,110 160 504 1,485 1,109 476^ l,446f 402 i 160' 1,323 40 1,632^ 425i 679 n\h 642 J 100 255i 2,553J l,120i 315 749f 11 100 8U 80 791 85?^ '739^ 4 242 160 158 406«Mo 2 4 100 i U 43 1 80 4 ^2-1' ..I,'..'.*, 145 200 200 1104 312 190 200 164 200 426 334i 1591 876^ 336 337 734^ 697^ 160 1,173 1,548 160 344 1,334 1,189^ 476i 938 402 i 320 913f 2,456 422f 726 82 1,004 100 400^ l,274i l,285i 568 751i 32 REPORT OF THE No. Appendix 10 — Continued Township District or County Agent to c o en 0) OJ tn o g 6 o w u ^. nJ -C o u 3 a 1 •a 1 en aj u 6 in c °s o " tn 11 O 3 tn 1" tn c a; a « d tn w CO .M <*- c O 0) 1- Aylsworth . Rainy River. Alex. McFayden, Emo. . . . 1 146 73 Barwick « « « « « « « « Kenora « « « a u « « « u u (( Kenora ({ Sudbury « « « Burriss « « « « (< « « « « « J. E. Gibson, Dryden. . . « « « « « « « « « « H. E. Holland, Kenora. . . J. K. MacLennan, Sudbury. 2 3 2 5 344 J 1,1611 120 807^ 504i Carpenter 3 316 120 l,048i Dance 2^ 2 1591 Devlin Dobie 1 80i 1 6 1 176^ Fleming Kingsford Lash 1 130i 1 291 2 24U Mather 6 982 i 4 13 1 1,050 1681 658 2,004 80 3 1 2 396^ Miscampbell Potts Richardson 142^ 8 6 1,264 1,023 2 2i 322^ Roddick Woodyatt Aubrey Britton 10 10 2 2 11 2 7 22 1 7 11 10 2 2 4 14 12 3 1,359 1,600 239J 320 1,577 160 1,1511 3,038 160 953i 1,254^ l,597i 318 315 558 1,989^5 l,779i 343^ 4 1 89| . 4 5 12 2 1 6 2 2 3 2 6 8 4 742^ l,920i 208i 160 820 235 ' 238i 480 320 703 1,098 452^ 4 6881 Eton 5 1 720 Langton Melgund Mutrie Redvers . Rowell 1471 4 2 1 2 1001 97i 80 83i. 2 ^ 1 332 277 Rugby Sanford 5 2 1 417 38f 80 5 26/ Temple Van Home 1 4 2 3 5 5 5 133 567 Wabigoon Wainwright .... Zealand Melick 2 3 16 14 5 310 398 2,531 2, 2101 5321 350f 400 2 2 2 22§ 53^ 126^ 7231 738 Pellatt 536 Broder « « « « « « « John Brown, Markstay.. . . 3 1 314f Capreol Chapleau Dill 1 80 208 1 1 1321 160 2 320 1 155^ « « « « « Sudbury « « « « 1 Hanmer 2 313^ 1 43 Morgan . 1 781 Rayside 4 5 646 685^ 2 1 322 142 1 2 2 3 162 Appleby . 292i 320 Dunnet « « 5 796^ 2 1 3 2 320 160 46H 326 400 Hagar Jennings Kirkpatrick. . . . Ratter 1 3 160 4981 2 15^ j 2 323 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 33 Appendix 10 — Concluded Township District or County Agent in ii -o UJ o m (n c nj en C -!-> o J3 to OT) (/] c i^T3 a> CO a; (U S 4) OTJ 3 o ^"8 o^ rt-O a rt J!6 O tn o o o o O rt • o . CJ • a> o o-^ o o o o C O ^ ^ Z 'Z ^ ;z: ;2; o a Caldwell . . . . Cosby Grant Macpherson. Martland. . . Springer. . . . Abinger. Canonto, S. Clarendon. . Miller Denbigh . . . Palmerston. McClintoch , Gibson .... Shawanaga . Wallbridge . Airy Finlayson . . Murchison. Sabine Burton , Nipissing. Lennox and Addington. Frontenac. . . Lennox and Addington. Haliburton. . Muskoka. . . . Parry Sound. Nipissing. Parry Sound. J. P. Marchildon, Stureon Palls,. Chas. Both, Denbigh. Unattached. Total . 535 469^ 1,110 160^ 312 60 100 249 6,9643i 175 81^ 1 94 3 80 22 38 2 1,283 503^ 885^ 320^ 163 100 448 93 6,601K| 494168,019^ 367 80 530 453^ 637 95K 224 202 680 194*>{o 185f 49,2288Koo No. of lots assigned 221 No. of acres assigned 29,757 2 LF 34 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 11 Statement showing the number of purchasers and of acres sold; of lots resumed for non- performance of the settlement duties; and of patents issued in Townships other than Free Grant during the year ending 31st October, 1925. Township District or County Agent o u Q. 1- vm [0 O rt d w CO O CS to '()ung following comparatively recent fires. "A survey was also made of East Lake at Jones Station on the Canadian National Railway. Favel Lake and thence north through Keyes, Bert, De- laney and other lakes to a bay running south from Grassy Narrows Lake on the English River, where a tie was made to transit station No. 187 of the survey of 1923. Returning to the east end of Favel Lake the survey was carried along the Canadian National Railway past Favel Station to Canon Lake, of which 54 REPORT OF THE No. 3 a complete survey was made, after which the traverse was carried down Canon River to the Wagigoon River. "East Lake, Favel Lake and Canon Lake occupy a long narrow basin running almost due east and west between high hills on both sides. The Cana- dian National Railway runs along the north side of East and Favel Lakes, and along the south side of almost the whole of Canon Lake. The timber along the shores of these lakes is generally spruce, jack pine, poplar, birch, etc., with considerable areas of second growth, much of it dating from fires which apparently occurred during the construction of the railway. There are some small areas of red pine from which the best appears to have been cut." Appendix No. 22 Extract from report by T. J. Patten, O.L.S., survey of Drowning River, district of Cochrane. "In the Twin Lakes country and down the Drowning River about ten miles, there is a good deal of old brul6 with small timber and occasional tracts of the old bush with large white and black spruce, poplar, balm of gilead, jack pine, white birch, balsam and cedar. The cedar is found only along the shores. This country is mostly rolling with some hills, excepting along the flats of the river and is mostly sand and gravel and boulders with outcrops of granite, hornblende and gneiss. There are some patches of good clay land, but possibly not enough for settlement, I have seen, though, a German settlement in the county of Renfrew on' the Bonne Cherre River, in apparently no better country than the Twin Lakes. "Below the 37th post there is little brule and more clay country. The clay is mostly of a dark, rich nature, unlike the white clay which occurs in some parts of the clay belt. "The same timber is found all the way down the river, details of which are found on the several plans. New tamarac to about six inches in diameter were not observed until pretty well down the river. "Below Relief Lake the timber mentioned is mostly of good size all down the river for about a quarter of a mile from it, then muskeg, more or less wet or open for a mile or so back, is found with black spruce varying in size according to the amount of water in the muskeg. Some tracts of black spruce in the muskeg were noted to be about ten inches in diameter. "Down to about the last portage near the 98th post, there is an occasional outcrop of granite and the soil is sand and gravel with some clay. Below the last portage there is scarcely any rock, except the cliffs of limestone from the 182nd to the 186th posts. Some of this limestone is very soft and white. Some limestone deposits and "float" were seen in the river above there. "The soil below the last portage is sand and clay, which in a number of places is mixed together. Some gravel was observed, also cobble stone. 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 55 "The only considerable falls are at the following points: — At the 34th post 11.6 feet fall. 39th " 64th " 70th " 85th " 87th " Above 93rd " Blow 93rd " At 95th " 7 15 " 18 7 15 4 15 3 25 9 3 22 9. 3 "I have noticed that the height of fall at the 87th post at the confluence with the Wabimiga River is marked 35 feet on the maps of the Department. It may be only an estimate. I measured carefully the height of the falls. A considerable power might be developed at this point by using the water of both streams. "Pike and pickerel are abundant and down to the Tin Can Portage, Post No. 70, there are plenty of speckled (rainbow) trout up to a foot long. American tourists are aware of the good fishing and two parties were met with during the work. "There seems to be lots of moose. We did not see many deer. The fur bearing animals do not seem to be plentiful." Appendix No. 23 Extract from report by Speight & van Nostrand, O.L.S., survey of base line in district of Thunder Bay and part of boundary between Cochrane^and Thunder Bay districts. Timber "The tremendous loss of timber wrought in the past by fire throughout Northern Ontario, was again brought home to us during the progress of the survey. Almost 75 per cent, of the land traversed had been burned over during the last 25 years and on some of the area the new growth has been repeatedly destroyed. The most suitable timber encountered lies to the southeast of the valley of the Squaw River, along the east and north boundaries of the town- ship of Nakina, and on the east boundary of the township of Alpha. In this area are some good stands of jack pine and spruce. From Grave Lake north to Percy Lake practically all the commercial timber has been burned. The young trees are mostly jack pines or less frequently, spruce, now about 20 to 25 years old and of very good type. Some of the new growth is very dense. North of Percy Lake we found considerable good spruce of medium size. From Spider Lake westward along our base line we saw comparatively little unburned timber. This was probably accounted for by our proximity to the railway. We judge that part of the burn crossed was of a more or less local character, possibly due to fires when the right of way was cleared. 56 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Soil "The lands traversed by our lines were, for the most part, unsuited for agriculture. Some promising clay soil and clay loam was noted in the vicinity of Medugama Lake, while to the north of Percy Lake the land was level or gently rolling, and the soil of the type found throughout the northern clay belt. Elsewhere the ground was broken or hilly, and under the surface vegetation we found rock, or the sand, gravel and boulders left at the end of the ice age. Minerals "The rocks exposed along the meridian line were granites with an occasional dyke of diabase. Along the eastern part of the base line, however, the rocks were of a more varied character, showing exposures of porphyry, lava schist, horneblends, etc. A number of iron deposits have been located and claims staked south of the Canadian National Railways between Paska and Kowkash stations. We did not note any development work in progress, however. We found that several claims had been restaked recently near the east boundary of the Nipigon Forest Reserve. Apparently gold was the objective of the prospectors. A geological survey of this area was made by the Ontario Bureau of Mines and a map on the scale of two miles to the inch published with a report of the Bureau in 1917. Water Power "We had little opportunity to judge the water power available on the rivers crossed, but the Little Current River is apparently the largest potential source of power. The survey of the river being made for your department will, however, indicate what can be expected in this direction. Fish and Game "The country crossed by our lines is said to be a good marten area. Beaver do not seem to have worked there for many years, as any signs noted were very old. Moose were plentiful from Twin Lakes to Grave Lake. To the north of Grave Lake, however, not many signs were observed. From the Kowkash River west, they seemed to be numerous. Deer were seen at Twin Lakes. Rabbits abounded everywhere, but partridge were scarce and the young broods had suffered severely from an unfavourable spring. Few of the hens had more than two or three chicks. The rivers and lakes abounded in pike and pickerel, and many of the streams supply excellent sport to the fisherman after trout. Canoe Routes "The Squaw, Esnagami, and Little Current Rivers are travelled regularly by Indians and tourists and the whole area is dotted with lakes, large and small, most of which are linked together by portages. General Features "From the Canadian National Railway to Percy Lake, the country traversed by our meridian line is rolling rather than hilly. There are occasional exposures of granite, but for the most part the rock is buried under deposits of sand, 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 57 gravel and boulders left by the retreating glaciers. North of Percy Lake the country is flat and the soil is mostly clay, though it varies somewhat, and in some places is a light sand or a sandy loam. The tree growth is largely spruce. "Along the base line from near Cavell westward, the country is more rugged. The hills attain a height of seventy-five to one hundred feet, and considerable areas of bare rock are exposed." Appendix No. 24 Extract from traverse survey by C. R. Kenny, O.L.S., of Little Current River, district of Cochrane. Wawong Lake "Wawong Lake lies about fifty chains north of the Canadian National Railways from a point one mile and forty-eight chains measured easterly from Cavell Station. "The lake has 20 islands and about 34 miles of shore line — has clear water of moderate depth and generally free from muddy beaches and bays, and could be navigated with small boats or launches. "A local height of land occurs near the northerly limit of the lake, causing the water to flow in a southerly direction through a creek outlet from the south- easterly and reaching the Kawashkagami River in a distance of about a mile and eventually flowing into the Little Current River via Abamasagi and O'Sulli- van Lakes. "The shores slope gently upward and the soil is of clay and sand. "The timber adjacent to the lake and surrounding country in general consists chiefly of poplar and birch to 15 inches and a moderate quantity of spruce and balsam to 10 inches interspersed with areas of jack pine— a good deal of it below merchantable size. EsNAGAMT Lake "Esnagami Lake lies about two and one-half miles northwesterly from Wawong Lake and is reached by making five portages there being five small lakes between, four of which are headwaters. It has 186 islands and about 80 miles of shore line. "The lake is clear water and of good depth, making it possible to navigate with small boats and launches. "Upon immediately approaching this lake a decided geographical change takes place with the surrounding country which is rock formation overlaid with clay and sandy soil, "The banks are of exposed rock, sloping gently upward and in no place precipitous. The beaches generally are strewn with stones and boulders. "The outlet is a small river flowing in a northeasterly direction and emptying into the Little Current River in a distance of about 50 miles. "Timber along the banks of the lake and in the vicinity consists principally of poplar and spruce of pulpwood size — balsam, cedar and birch and occasional ridges of jack pine, much of it undersized for timber. 58 REPORT OF THE No. 3 O 'Sullivan Lake "This lake lies northwest of Esnagami Lake, a portage of about three miles between the two having to be made. The lake can be more easily reached by using the Kawashkagami River which enters it at the westerly side and outlets at the most northerly limit, thence flowing in a northeasterly direction, makes its way to the main course of the Little Current River in a distance of about 18 miles. "The lake has 167 islands and about 80 miles of shore line and in appearance very similar to Esnagami Lake — rocky banks and beaches of stones and boulders or flat rock. "The country about is hilly and rocky, overlaid with clay and sandy soil, timbered chiefly with poplar and spruce to 15 inches — birch, balsam and cedar, and scattered areas of sandy ridges carrying jack pine to 10 inches. In a few places the country in the vicinity of the lake has been swept by fire, leaving it almost barren. Kawashkagami River, from Howard Falls to Abamasagi Lake and thence TO O'SuLLiVAN Lake "From Howard Falls the Kawashkagami River follows a northerly course for a distance of about ten miles to Abamasagi Lake; thence, turning sharply sharply to the east, it continues on in a southeasterly direction to the west shore of O'Sullivan Lake, a distance of eight miles. The banks are of clay soil and well defined, varying from three to seven feet in height. The bed of the stream is composed of clay, sand and gravel, with numerous boulders and rock occurring at falls and rapids. "The river varies in width from four to one chains, with an average of two chains and an average depth of about five feet. Its fall from Howard Falls to O'Sullivan Lake is sixty-one and one-half feet, about half of this taken up in the above mentioned falls and Albert Falls, the balance being mostly in five rapids. "This section of the river is easily navigated with large or small canoes. The portages are short, with good footing and landings and easy approaches. "If care is taken, four of the five above mentioned rapids can be used with fair loads in large canoes. The second rapid upstream from O'Sullivan Lake can only be navigated part way, there being a dangerous chute at the foot. "Along the banks and the country adjacent, the timber consists principally of poplar and birch to 10 inches, interspersed with a goodly quantity of spruce for pulpwood. In a few places near the river fire has destroyed some valuable areas of spruce wood. "Prospecting for gold in schists and porphyry rock near Howard Falls still remains active, much work in stripping, sinking shafts, etc., has been done, giving fair results as to mining possibilities." Abamasagi Lake "Abamasagi Lake has twenty-six islands and about thirty- two miles of shore line. "The banks are of clay and sandy soil, varying in height from three to fifteen feet. The shores throughout are stone and numerous large boulders. The water is clear and of moderate depth. 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 59 "The lake is a tributary of the Kawashkagami River which enters at the southeasterly end, then turns sharply to the east and flows southeasterly to O'Sullivan Lake, a distance of eight miles. "The country about is of clay and sandy soil and fairly level, with occa- sional outcrops of rock, timbered with chiefly poplar and birch to 12 inches, a fair quantity of spruce to 20 inches, balsam and cedar and scattered areas of jack pine to 12 inches." Appendix No. 25 Extract from report by H. W. Sutclifi"e, O.L.S., survey of base and meridian lines in vicinity of Opazatika and Missinaibi rivers, district of Cochrane. Timber "It will be observed on departmental maps that all the streams flowing to James Bay drop several hundred feet in the course of a few miles and along a line somewhat parallel to and about thirty or forty miles north of the Cochrane- Winnipeg main line of the Canadian National Railway. A considerable portion of my work lay in this area. It was very disappointing indeed to find that so much of this country had been burned, presumably at the time of railway con- struction. Fires evidently started at several points along the railway and ran north until they reached the steep slope, which, being better drained, offered less resistance to the fire, which seems to have pretty well spread over the entire slope in this locality. The timber was naturally somewhat larger on this better drained land, with the result that a very large amount of valuable timber was destroyed. It would indeed be difficult to estimate the cost of the railway in the loss of timber. "Meantime second growth timber has sprung up through the old slash. On the high and sandy stretches this new timber is largely poplar and jack pine, although there are some areas on which considerable young spruce is coming along. I would, however, consider the spruce regeneration a little disappointing. If fire overruns this area again the spruce will undoubtedly practically disappear. "Above and below this slope there is some timber mostly in patches. Gen- erally speaking, the area covered by this survey certainly cannot at the present be considered a timber area of great importance. Soil "The soil is characteristic of the northern clay belt. On the steep slope the soil is sandy, but much of it will be fit for agriculture. On the flat areas it is mostly clay and will some day be considered good agricultural land. In this area I believe that even the muskegs can be turned into agricultural land, as they are on elevations high above the rivers and can be easily drained. Watercourses "There are a number of small streams between the Opazatika and Mis- sinaibi Rivers which can be navigated by canoes. The streams will in the future prove useful as drainage outlets. We saw no lakes of importance. 60 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Rock Formation "It was only on the steep slope that we saw any rock exposures which were chiefly granite. Limestone showed where we crossed the coal river. Animal Life "This area seemed to me to be more destitute of animal life than any part of Northern Ontario I have been in. This may be partially due to the big fire about twenty years ago. "On the way down the Opazatika from the railway as far as Indian Sign Falls there seemed to be an abundance of animal life, but below that we saw very little game. Fish are plentiful in the larger streams, the principal being pickerel." Appendix No. 26 Extract from report by Lang & Ross, O.L.S., survey of certain township out- lines along Canadian Pacific Railway, district of Thunder Bay. "We commenced work in the field on May 7th and completed it on Julv 16th. Soil "Level muskegs and ridges are about in the proportion of ten to one. Underlying the muskeg, in depths varying from two feet to fifteen feet, is clay similar to that found in the clay belt. The ridges are in the main clay loam but occasionally consist of glacial deposits of sand, gravel and boulders. The best section for agricultural purposes is in the neighbourhood of the north boundary of Joynt, in the township of Stedman and in the township of Inwood. Mineral "No trace of valuable mineral was found. In the township of Stedman there are outcroppings of granite which show quartz stringers. Timber "Spruce predominates over the whole area, being scattered and stunted in the large muskegs, but of merchantable size in the swamps which are well drained. There is also a good deal of white birch and poplar on the ridges. As our timber plan will indicate, almost fifty per cent, of the country has been swept by fire and is now covered with second growth timber fifteen to twenty feet high. Game "There are quite a few moose in the district but no evidence of red deer. Partridge were scarce. A few English pheasants were seen in the neighbour- hood of the railway. We were informed by the Indians that fur bearing animals were very scarce. Fish "There are pike, pickerel and suckers in the rivers and lakes and also a few whitefish in Lac des Milles Lacs." 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 61 Appendix No. 27 Extract from report by Roy S. Kirkup, O.L.S., survey of certain township out- lines, district of Kenora. "We reached the scene of our work via the nine mile portage from Dinorwic to Bog Sandy Lake. From there we took the route via Flat Rock, Cross, Kathlyn, Maskinonge, Little Vermilion, Cedar and Big Lake to Pickerel Narrows. "There is a short portage from Little Vermilion to Big Vermilion which is the shortest route to Hudson, on the C.N.R. There is also a portage from the east end of Little Vermilion to Abram Lake, which is used quite frequently by tourists. "A Watt five-inch and Davis six-inch transit were used throughout the entire survey and great care was taken to keep them in adjustment. Frequent observations for meridian were taken to check the direction of my lines and copies of these are appended hereto. "The weather throughout the season has been the worst I have experienced for several years. The rain started on May 30th, and we had rain in various quantities every day until June 24th, so the swamps became flooded and even on the low ground the water laid in pools which made going very disagreeable. "Appended hereto are two plans, one on mounted linen and a timber plan, on the scale of one inch to the mile, showing the topography along the lines, outlines of interior lakes, the various portages and timber, observations, field notes, cruisers' reports, index maps, affidavits for chainmen, and surveyor, and my accounts in triplicate, all of which I trust you will find correct. Herewith is a report on the land: — Big Sandy Lake Block "This block of land lies north and west of Big Sandy Lake; the largest portion of arable land on this block is north and northeast of Flat Rock Lake; the remainder south and southeast of Cross Lake extending close to Big Sandy Lake. There are some very small flats of lands in other parts of this block, but very much broken with rock. Laval Township "I must say that this block is very poor; it is very rocky and a quantity of sand and gravel and some muskeg with sand bottom and a lot of water. The land suitable for agriculture in this township is about forty per cent., the best portion being on the east end around Jackfish and Trout Lakes and north as far as the second mile post. There is a flat about the middle of the block on the north as well as a block on the west side extending southeast. Two Miles North of Laval Township "Two miles north of Laval this land is somewhat better, fifty per cent, of it being fairly good, as far as white clay and clay loam goes together with a quantity of muskeg. The remainder of this land is broken with rock and is useless. 62 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Two Miles West of Laval Township "In this part the land is rolHng with flats of clay and sandy loam, and low- land with a clay bottom. The remainder is very rocky and would be useless. Echo Township "This township is somewhat better; the percentage of agricultural land being about seventy-five per cent., it consisting of white clay and clay loam and a small portion in the southwest corner all rock. In the southeast the land is rolling and broken. In the northwest there is muskeg and a small portion of it is sandy, the remainder is fairly good with some rock scattered over it. Two Miles West of Echo Township "There is sixty- five per cent, of agricultural land and the southeast corner is very rocky, with some wet muskeg. Philcut Lake and west is good clay loam, with some small patches of rock. About one-third of the agricultural land is covered with twelve-inch black muck with a clay bottom. The extreme north is sand and gravel, the rest being rock. Lomond Township "There is fifty per cent, of the land in this township fit for agriculture. It is situated in the southeast corner and consists of white clay and clay loam, with small flats of low land, with a surface of black earth 10 inches deep with a clay bottom. On the east side of the north line some small flats broken with rock and sand. (There is some good land north of Vermilion Lake broken with rock.) Two Miles West of Lomond Township "About thirty per cent, of the land is arable, but is badly scattered and broken with rock and would be useless for farming. The arable land consists of small flats of white clay and clay loam ; the remaining part of the township is very rocky. Vermilion Township "South of Little Vermilion Lake there is about seventy per cent, of the land fit for agriculture. The land is clay loam, with some low land and clay bottom ; the remainder is rocky, with a small quantity of muskeg with a sandy bottom. North of Little Vermilion Lake the land is very rocky, there being not more than twenty-five per cent, of it fit for agricultural purposes. The flats northwest of Close Lake are fairly good. The land is mostly clay loam and the rest is very rocky. Two Miles West of Vermilion Township "The land two miles south of Little Vermilion is fairly good, there being about seventy-five per cent, of it agricultural. This is composed of rolling laCTid, white clay and clay loam, some low land with clay bottom. The remainder ot the territory is rock and swamp. 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 63 Jordan Township "There is about thirty-five per cent, of the land in this township fit for agriculture, the main portion of it is on the west side, extending north to Ver- milion Lake. The remaining portion is in very small flats, with the south and eastern portion of this block very rocky Two Miles North of Jordan Township "The agricultural land in this portion is about twenty per cent, of the block and is of very little use, for it is in very small patches, very rocky and therefore no use for farming. Two Miles East of Jordan Township "The agricultural land forms about twenty per cent, and is in very small patches, mostly all in the northeast corner, extending to Poplar Portage. It chiefly consists of sandy loam, the balance being flat rock with high rocky ridges." 64 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 28 REPORT OF THE FORESTRY BRANCH, 1925 Sir, — The report of the work of this Branch for the year ending October 31st, 1925, is given under the sections of Forest Fire Protection, Air Operations, Reforestation and Forest Investigation. I. Forest Fire Protection (1) Legislation The Forest Fires Prevention Act, 1917, was further amended by adding thereto a clause empowering the reeve or deputy reeve of a township to summon assistance to fight forest fires within the township, the remuneration to be paid to fire fighters to be as fixed by a by-law passed by the municipal council of the township, or in the absence of such by-law the remuneration to be such as seems just and reasonable in the judgment of the Judge of the county or district in which the township is situate. An amendment requiring care in setting out fire within the fire districts io^ any purpose whatever after the end of the close season, September 30th, seems advisable. (2) Organization and Personnel In the Western Inspectorate, under the supervision of a forest supervisor with headquarters at Port Arthur, a change was made in the boundary between the C.G.R. West and Kenora Chief Ranger Districts, the territory north of the Canadian National Railways between Favel and the Manitoba boundary being transferred from the C.G.R. West to the Kenora District. Apart from this one change the organization in the Inspectorate was the same as in 1924, there ^ being six Chief Ranger Districts: C.G.R. West with headquarters at Sioux Lookout; C.G.R. Central with headquarters at Armstrong; Kenora with head- quarters at Kenora; Rainy River with headquarters at Fort Frances; Thunder Bay with headquarters at Port Arthur, and Nipigon with headquarters at Macdiarmid. The Oba Inspectorate, a new Inspectorate formed by a combination of V parts of the Soo and Cochrane Inspectorates, was under the direct supervision ^ of a Fire Inspector, assisted by one Assistant Fire Inspector, with headquarters at Oba. The Inspectorate consisted of five Chief Ranger Districts: C.G.R. East with headquarters at Nakina; Hearst with headquarters at Hearst;

    — I Tt< re CO so t^ uo t^ 1/5 •^ fOCN rOlO-*CNOO »-l •rt lO '— I '—I OvO 00 Ov • \0 1^ t^ O 00 rt 0\ fN "0 »-f VO t^ •* tJI 00 On CN vO 00 lO P^ O O •* l^ •-< 00 f*^ t^ »H ro 00 Ov fO fO CN i-H irj fe •^ CS fN »^ 00 ^"'^^'^ ^.'^^ i/To ■* '^ ic>^ o\ ■•H f5 f} CN vO ro vO^ CN q.2 g = J* U j_.Jc t^ tn fli t^ T-H t-~ \o 00 Ov"^ f^ »/^0\_6\ lO oo"^\o"j--r o •v . . J5 j< -^ -F -w e <" • -wii S^— ro ■* 00 t^ Os 0 rv^ '■Ti rvi 10 ro 't ^ rs C ^ 0\_ ^ 00 <^ "^ 0 >- 10 rt -*" ■^"oc 10 ^'i/- On O 0 •* ro <^ OC H " Lh -^ oj c C cu o u< a; o (/2 10 ir; 0) '■J u O < u +-i .„ r^ "0 00 0 Tt< f^ 10 (U c u Cu OJ 0 f^^ 0 0 0 r-4 C 0 0) o X3 S ^ LO J^ '— 1 l^ 00 l~- On 0) >o -H -hoOs'^ 0 a CO < CNI ro ^ '^ Ol 00 NO OC ro lO 0 ►— J 0) 10 ro •rt .^ ro u Ov o_ CJ < U jJ l^ NO -H rt ^ 0 <^ ^ OJ c; Oh OJ 0 0 00 0 r-) -H 0 OJ U c 0 .rt „ ^ rf-, CS NO t^ -^ QJ 00 rs) -^ Tt 00 NO ro •—1 < -f !>. I- *J -hOOnOOOsO-^ "* J^OO'*'*r^O00 0^ o C\ 0 10 ▼— < (^ ro ro rt '—1 S tn 10 T-il^ On rs| ^ 0 >0 ,-1 OJ vO 30 f^ <^. 0 ^ -^ 00 u 0 00 10 0 tN 0\ nO_ < ^"^ l^ U 4J On CN O) "0 ro 1^ 0, oj fN cnj 0 00 ^- "* *U4 < '-H CN| l» r'i NO Tf r'l On >0 0 OJ 0 ^ 00 •* On 10 -* 00 '-H r-o 00 c^ < 10 .rt -H 00 111 « u. 0 03 C2 r It c C ttJ rt •-H u rt 0 u c H ?^ C w w 0 ■rf H 1 70 REPORT OF THE No. $ < Pi < oi > o Q W oi O Z O H < CN .^ fO ■>* 00 t-~ o\ o\ ro tn CD fvi U-) fT) 00 p U ro \0 »0 Tj< cs ^ Tf 0 < U -M ro ro P'l O ^ lO 0\ .^ >> ■ fo 5j o < (T)^ 10 U 4-< o ID -* CM 10 10 ^ b£ Oi a; ,-H — 1 T-(\0 \oo Tf' C o *— • 'S ■z . JH (fi >o 000 Oso in 10 o .5? 4J CN 01 LO -^ 10 CN a\ *^ u vO 0 10 t^ cs t^ » J o O < •0 t-^ >- ffl U -M -H ■* •rt 00 t^ OS OS 01 t- 0, a. o T-l CN 00 -^ 0 -* OJ ^ aj fN 10 •.-< \0 -*i t-« lO 'rt t-~ 0\ fO Ost^ 't ^—t Cii o < uo 0 O_00 MO Os" U -M 00 ii-> OS 10 t-~ OC 10 OJ d t« Cu a; ^— * CO 0\ 0 »-i "~ (M u Q. ■^ T^ ro '— 1 f<" Cs) 6 a) (M 00 csi OS PD t-- ■^ rt 00 00 ^ •—1 »~- (N 0 U u vO ■rt 00 t^ '^ OC t^ < t~- 00 roO — CN »— 1 T-( ■* U -l-i 00 «0 "O 00 0\ 0\ tN rr> aj d lo CN »-t •^ rf 0 t-' CN '-H •^rCTt< .^ CN ^ 4-' tn aj t^ U-) 10 t^ '-I 00 ^ '^ (U t^ \0 rn fN •rt fo OC ro c/) u (>I^ (NO^«-~_ OC rs)_ < o" ro vo'^rt" cn" ▼H -»— t Tt< OJ rt u O >. y rt a m_c jn to . a; a C d . c i-.2 cr u . cs ,0 a; u 5 M d +■ H tfi -■-== X5 u, S c 1 C c c J c aj C < 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 71 AVERAGE NUMBER OF RAILWAY FIRES PER HUNDRED MILES OF LINE THROUGH FOREST SECTIONS Railway 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 Canadian National Railways (exclusive of Canadian Pacific Railway Canadian National Railways (northern trans- continental line only) Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway.. . Algoma Eastern Railway Algoma Central and Hudson Bay Railway Nipissing Central Railway Miscellaneous Private Railways 2.4 2.4 0.3 1.1 9.4 6.1 3.3 2.0 0.5 3.7 8.2 4.5 6.2 5.3 2.0 7.3 1.1 3.0 7.7 2.4 2.7 4.9 *3.2 2.7 2.4 7.3 4.5 4.2 3.3 ♦3.7 3.9 1.8 6.3 5.9 0.6 3.7 ♦Former C.N.R. and G.T.R. figures combined. Railway Per cent, of Total Number of Railway Fires 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 Canadian National Railways (exclusive of northern line) 38.3 29.7 1.6 3.1 6.2 15.6 50.3 21.9 3.0 8.8 5.1 10.9 45.9 32.5 7.6 9.6 0.4 4.0 ♦36.1 25.3 13.3 14.5 2.4 8.4 ♦47.9 29.8 7.9 10.6 2.8 1.0 ♦36.4 27.9 16.4 9.9 5.0 4.4 ♦28 1 Canadian Pacific Railway 26 3 Canadian National Railways (northern transcontinental line only) 25 9 Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway Algoma Eastern Railway 17.9 0 3 Algoma Central and Hudson Bay Railway. . Nipissing Central Railway 1.5 Miscellaneous Private Railways 5.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ♦Former C.N.R. and G.T.R. figures combined. CLASSIFICATION OF BURNED-OVER AREA Forest Conditions 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 Acres Per cent. Per cent. Per ceni. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Timber land 10,189 35,143 56,555 87,656 5.4 18.5 29.8 46.3 21.0 15.9 32.6 30.5 28.0 14.7 36.6 20.7 13.4 20.2 25.2 41.2 13.2 25.2 20.2 41.1 14.7 38.8 26.7 19.8 26 8 Cut-over land (some timber left) . Young growth (below six inches) . Barren and grass land 37.0 23.5 23 7 Totals 189,543 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 0 72 REPORT OF THE No. 3 I T^i 00 t^ On a\ ro -^ ■* tN O 00 ro ■^ O •^ ■^■^ONr<^'0>Ot^>0 \0 O" 'O" oT oo" (N O tI^" Tfir^lTtiTtiioCNrooo ^— I "-I re t:^ ro 0\ ro ( -^ (-0 t^ o t^ O lO a\ •^ re O r-j ro tN CN OvrOONOOrO'^t^fe c CQ \0 00 \0 lO •^ irj o ■^ lO fN lO Ov CN lO ro '* ^■"oo"^"■.-^" iOTt o Q Pi PQ < W Pi < C/3 o O o u < ■J U o o ^~ J3 5o' fO O <~0 00 rf 1^5 O vO ro OO t^ -^ Tf lO O 00t-^»O'rtiOTt^ b S c vO OOs>00\0 (^■^t^iOiOt^t^OO dj C o > O o = c Is rO O O ro 00 PC O lO ro ■* lO »0 CN 1— I 00 ITS CN t^ J^OOpOOnO'>-ipoO lO'-lO^'OCN^~'-l>0 0) S o 2 r 1 C O •.-I T^t* r^ <~0 0^ •^ 00 00 vO PO •^ lO »~~ t^ T-( O\VO^00CNrt<->-l00 OOO^O'-iOOvOO O*^'*"0(r)00v0r}< •.-TOn I^ 00 vO CN^IO 00 •rt Ov fO O '-< o ■^ •5'S c .5 ^ .5 rt rtT3 J3 r~- Ov -"-H \o •^ 00 -r-l ^-H ■.-I O r<^00ONCNOs'*rfoot^ •5j<^T^OO<-OfeO<>) —I ^,^^^^ lOTtcs''-iOO\oot^ r-JCNCNC^CN'-lT-tTH 0^ O^ 0^ On On On On On C c pa >nS' 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 73 Pi w > o Q ^ '^ PQ D Z < o o H < U fN 1—1 PO •* 00 t^ OS OS PC _, en eM liO <^ Tti Tt< (M O * TO fll 0\ T-H 00 ro .-1 O '-I "^ tn 2i.S S TjT rt'"oo"io'~'^'~io' oT < rt vO -^ <-0 PC 00 O H in VOOCNCNr-HfOOOt^ (?v 0>*- (U Tti^-ii-^esOPOPOoo) * 5r O b •^ '-H-*^,^,-, cs • CN TJ4VO ^ PC Cu C Rj V, Pi 0} ro • t^ PN T-l LO t^ t^ 0) > oo" : 0_'*^>0 1-1 PC c a c 01 c vO • t~- »>• PC ■•-1 • 1—1 v W) o c (fl _> 4_l c C ,„ t^ lO Ov lO t^ ■rt "* rt o C nJ 1- ° f* 2i !;! O t~~ O Os t^ 1-1 PC •a o" 0_"T^PC_ CN o" c c o en o ►2"^ 5i (TN CNOOr^Tt* 0^ Z o^S PC U )-< -M 4-* a; c fC ■rt -CM VD O % 0, o c o > C rt i- •c "i J^ y o PN u-> o O t^ rl< bo _rt o O 1-1 00 PN 00 O "c 3 o vq_ PC t^ OJ P^l pc" en U lU c 00 PC ■ PC-* 0\ ■ ^ o Cl, c (M • «N »-( tu be ' _c "■*-> C C ,. o r-l ^lOlO so 00 4 u ■i-' o •OPCOOO\t-tS (U c • 00 -H ^H »-l ■n a. 4^ "o c ■^ • CN O lO Tf CN OS SO in in ici »o • «N fN PC OS t— 00 00 a; o_ • 1-1 ''^^O^CN^CN "0 '*. J2 <-^ cn" ; irTt^'pc PN a> 'C %>: Oh en ►^ o ^- u-STtiOOl^-^iOvOO o ir> O ■^ t^ PD vO 00 c — 3 ■M tN lO U -M CNOOTf'^l^OvO -0 c Oh g TtiO«NPCt^POt^vO ^,_|,-|,-,T} • >. • -w • 0! ■ :cQ ^ jn O ' ; a; 13 *j c . c c S rt ,0 4) • U 2 60C ■•- ■° J:; O C H 1< 3J 74 REPORT OF THE No. 3 (5) Permits The number of burning permits issued during the season was considerably in excess of the number for the previous year, as was to be expected, the season of 1924 being so wet in some districts as to make slash burning impossible. The increase in the number of new settlers has a direct influence upon the number of permits issued, but the greatest influence is probably through the efforts of the field staff in educating the settlers to the use and benefits of the system. While the number of permits issued and the area covered by these permits was greater than in the previous season, there was actually less burning done because of the extremely wet weather in the Clay Belt. Hundreds of permits issued were never used and there are now slash accumulations of two years to be burned at the first favourable opportunity. Unless this burning is carried out with the utmost caution it will be accompanied by the gravest of fire hazards. STATEMENT OF PERMITS ISSUED District Number of Permits 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 C.G.R. West 99 70 1 128 16 100 28 23 1 8 C.G.R. Central 1 Kenora 3 19 235 362 216 139 180 39 59 128 3 53 5 68 Rainy River 8 Thunder Bay Nipigon C.G.R. East 95 1,656 36 1,011 18 1,000 50 Hearst ^ 1,774 1,082 756 702 Longlac Oba 11 10 1,187 2,486 157 1,515 1,212 637 82 126 16 Franz Kapuskasing 668 1,815 2 1,275 580 408 18 100 531 1,480 2 1,122 406 361 10 36 587 2,497 61 2,126 754 209 1,503 2 1,599 407 916 Cochrane 1,982 8 1,887 193 1,169 2,275 Abitibi 5 Matheson 1,691 Timmins 199 New Liskeard 1,557 A.C.R. Blind River 6 Mississagi South Foleyet West 3 169 20 12 162 36 411 691 19 253 174 100 159 33 84 106 34 102 15 9 119 173 149 360 11 1 1 } " 5 Foleyet East 36 Mississagi West Mississagi East Webbwood 25 1 36 61 16 21 Sudbury North Sudbury South 46 42 31 North Bay 37 Temagami West Temagami North 200 86 ii' 387 48 24 15 10 14 19 Temagami East 1 Georgian Bay West Georgian Bay East 1 Algonquin North 29 58 24 Algonquin South 3 12 4 10 7 Trent 21 Totals 11,962 7,602 5,907 8,603 5,966 6,154 6,635 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 75 STATEMENT OF PERMITS ISSUED Month Number of Permits 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 April May June July August September October Totals 451 2,185 2,273 2,172 2,484 2,367 30 127 849 3,614 1,388 1,093 528 3 2,131 711 1,314 1,077 566 108 1,992 3,034 1,502 1,580 495 1,154 3,085 364 1,329 34 1,003 2,011 891 1,620 629 11,962 7,602 5,907 8,603 5,966 6,154 1,536 2,786 496 1,475 342 6.635 STATEMENT OF PERMITS ISSUED District Acreage Covered by Permits 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 C.G.R. West 416 215 1 325 57 463 95 26 1 27 C.G.R. Central Kenora 2 174 1,029 35,006 1,374 1,081 624 331 1,251 637 18 284 23 297 Rainy River 89 Thunder Bay Nipigon C.G.R. East 28 3,721 25 2,311 53 2,335 64 Hearst 3,837 2,124 1,478 1,379 Longlac Oba • 1 1 4,222 4,462 426 5,211 2,064 2,154 1,257 1,119 60 Franz Kapuskasing 2,351 4,010 "4,573" 1,421 1,345 100 619 2,126 4,348 1 5,027 918 1,160 36 294 2,017 8,108 968 7,613 2,591 1,731 4,652 13 5,442 988 7,726 Cochrane 4,984 72 5,427 424 9,768 5,43? Abitibi 20 Matheson 4,760 Timmins 925 New Liskeard 13,521 A.C.R Blind River 67 Mississagi South Foleyet West 25 3,152 2,555 4,741 2,768 293 1,957 1,384 6 1,197 819 742 418 377 121 326 2,959 3,402 81 2 2,009 425 6,900 518 52 5 408 1 128 3 Foleyet East 106 Mississagi West Mississagi East Webbwood 81 \ 187 92 66 101 Sudbury North Sudbury South North Bay 103 74 104 64 Temagami West Temagami North 303 172 4i' 1,657 196 129 25 18 25 111 Temagami East Georgian Bay West Georgian Bay East 2 Algonquin North 719 599 60 Algonquin South 5 13 11 15 17 Trent 37 Totals 47,168 36,025 54,784 29,455 23,678 22,767 26,790 76 REPORT OF THE No. 3 (6) Equipment Of the major equipment purchased the fifty portable fire fighting units and 143,200 feet of hose for use with these units were the most important items. This addition brought the total number of units up to 189 with 397,860 feet of hose. Each succeeding season further demonstrates the advantages of the use of mechanical equipment in combating forest fires, providing the equipment is in charge of competent operators. By the use of the portable fire fighting units or pumps fires can not only be kept under control but can be completely extin- guished, thereby providing an economy not alone in timber values but in labour as well. Probably the most important auxiliary to the power pumps is the portable hand or force pump, 239 of which were purchased bringing the total up to 300. These hand pumps are particularly useful to the individual ranger in extinguish- ing small fires and in "mopping up" on the larger fires. 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 77 Q < Q W in < X u a: ;^ cu H Z w a w Pi o •is ^ a; 3sn Ul [BJOX ^ 00 00 On On -^ ID lO 9261 pasBqojnj 9sa UI iBjox • ■ • ■ 04 CN Railway motor cars Tji 00 ■* C^ O or; ,-, c/0 9261 pasBqajnj ^^ '"' asn ■ UI [BlOX '»< lO CN ■^ ro OJ lO 9261 pasBqoj.ij CN -.-1 lO rt . u-j ■ ■* (0 c 33n UI [B^OX o ^ •* oo oi i-H CNl 9261 pasBqojnj Small motor boats 3sn UI IB^OX l^ •rt •.-1 O) 9261 pasBqojnj 3sn ut JBIOX '. ^~' ! '"' o c U o> 9261 pasBqojnj • • VO • CN ^O ■ VO CNJ 03 4) en jd a 9sn UI JBJOX t^ \0 •^ ■* ■^^^tN ro O 9261 pasBqojnj • • • lO lO . . . • • • CN T-1 . . . O c 4) asn ut IBJOX NO 9261 pasBqoj a J roo • • • CO • ■ • Portable hand pumps asn ui iBiox CD O lO Tf< -^ f oo" oo" ^ 00_ On rc 9261 pasBqojnj oooooo tN o_ o_ o_ o_ o ^^ t^" CN U-T ■^ 00 CN ■rt ^ t^ o o o oo" C3 O Fire fighting units asn UI IBJOX L0f^00f*>0st0OO 1- > cc 5 c C c .1 c < 4- C 78 REPORT OF THE No. 3 (7) Locomotive Inspection Two men were employed throughout the season on the inspection of fire protective appliances on locomotives operating on railways under the jurisdic- tion of the Dominion Board of Railway Commissioners and on logging railways within the Province. A total of forty round houses and gravel pits were visited periodically and 1,856 locomotive inspections made covering 773 locomotives. In addition, thirty-three inspections were made on- locomotives operated by lumber com- panies, bringing the total number of inspections up to 1,889. The percentage of locomotives found defective and operating on lines under the jurisdiction of the Board of Railway Commissioners was 0.6 per cent., a decrease from 32.1 per cent, in 1918. 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 79 52; o H U w {/} z > H O o u o u M (« c HI u u, * 00"OfN »-H ♦ tN tN t*> 00 0 oo>r) tN • 10 f*5 tN - » 0 ro t^ tN tN 0 NO CM o\ 10 NO T-l 10 10 do 00 to <~o NO d SuiMoqs suoi'^Dadsui 10 tN "* 10 ^^ - C 0 tJ Ol a c u E 3 -M f2 0\ 0\ tN ro 00 On «^ r-) ^H tN o_ 0 tN 0 vO t^ tS tN VO ID « 00 00 —t tN to O>O00 tN Tf rri tN » NO "1 tM CN 10 »-l 10 tN ^00- r<^vO I ■* tN -< tN tN 10 ■* 1^ ON rD Tf •* tN -H -^ -*nO tN tN lO-tt NOtN r~ NO r^ ■* y-i 10 NO >• £ d ^ C.P.R C.N.R A.C.&H.B.R. A.E.R NCR in o .- c 51 S = d 0 OJ 0 H a 0 C C li rt V aej -M Z 0 U bfi u S R 0) u > 0 * lO ■■-H lO ^ 4; m 2 I^jox S361 lling T3 " -" C lU 4) O S . •S !:? ^-^ <" o IB?ox ^nna m 2 ITB^OX S361 s == IBlox mna •-< w CN rt rC •^ •'f ■* OO ■■— 1 f«^ IBJOx SZ61 inna rO CM • CS O T-c -^ CN stern a chrane ) argian Bay. ■^onqum. . . . mt 82 REPORT OF THE No. 3 II. Air Operations During the past season the Air Service carried on flying operations in con- nection with various phases of forestry work. The following is a summary of the detailed report of Mr. W. R. Maxwell, the Director of the Air Service: — "The operating season of 1925 extended over a period of 206 days, during which time the Service flew a total of 2,738.37 hours. No. of machine-days, machines employed 763 days. No. of machine-days, machines available and idle 1,737 No. of clear weather machine-days, machines available and idle 932 " No. of machine-days, machines available but weather unfit for flying 805 " Machine-days (1 machine for 1 day) supplied by the Service during 1925 2,500 " No. of times 1 machine unserviceable for 1 day 229 No. of times machine unable to complete patrol on account of machine trouble 15 No. of times Service unable to complete patrol 9 No. of patrols requisitioned 555 Machine patrol efficiency 97 . 3% Service patrol efficiency 98. 4% No. of permanent stations operated 10 No. of temporary stations established 21 Note: (a) In many cases the requisitions cover flying operations of from two to four days. (b) No instructional flights, cross country to or from operating bases, remote transportation, demonstration or operations in Red Lake, Fort Cologne and James Bay District Treaty transportation are included in the above requisitions. These flights were carried out on schedule. Total Load: Total weight carried by the Service during 1925 2,364,275 lbs- Average total load carried per machine for season 139,070 Average total load carried per flight 1,848 Operating Load Carried: Total operating load carrie'd season 1925 1,810,735 Average total operating load carried per machine 111,537 Average operating load carried per flight 1,432 Effective or Pay Load: Total effective load carried season 1925 553,540 Average total efl'ective load carried per machine 34,239 Average effective load carried per flight 427 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 83 Passengers Carried: Total number of passengers carried 1925 1,214 Average number of passengers carried per flight 0.9 Average number of passengers carried per machine for the season 71 Number of miles passengers were carried season 1925.. 156,606 Total number of passengers and personnel carried 1925 3,938 Flights: Total number of flights carried out 1925 1,312 Average duration of flights 2 . 06 hrs. Average number of miles flown per flight 129 Average altitude flown 1925 1,990 Average number of flights per day 6.3 Average number of miles flown season 1925 165,835 Area covered on fire detection 2,259,725 sq. mis. or 1,446,224,000 acres. Note. — In comparing the area covered with the operating season of 1924, mention may be made that less requisitions for fire patrol were made in the season of 1925 than in the season of 1924, and a greater number of requisitions for suppression were made in 1925 than in 1924. Hours Flown on Various Phases of Flying Operation, 1925: Fire detection 1 ,440 . 40 hours. 52 . 5% of total hours. Transportation, fire suppression.. . 155.45 " 5.7% Sketching 244.42 " 8.9% Photography 53.15 " 1.9% Transportation, remote 197.40 " 7.2% Instructions to observers 26. 50 " . 09% Instruction to pilots 55.48 " 2% Forced landings 36.04 " 1.3% Service transportation 62.05 " 2.2% Ferrying 330.41 " 12% Demonstration 87 . 40 " 3.2% Test 47.27 " 1.7% Detection: As in the previous years detection was the largest single item in the 1925 operating programme and called for 1,440.40 hours flying or 52.5 per cent, of the total year's flying. The eastern section contributed 1,804.56 hours and the western section 932.49 hours. During the month of August the period in the eastern section was particularly dry and the fire hazard extremely grave. All aircraft were kept busy from dawn until dark, patrolling and carrying fire fighting equipment, crews and food, and made as many as eight flights in one day. During the month of August 922.49 hours were flown, which was 34.67 per cent, of the total hours for the 1925 flying operations. It is worthy of mention to note that the total flying in the month of August in the eastern section was 552.55 hours or 46.42 per cent, of the total flying for the season 1925. In other words the operating personnel in the eastern section, during the month of August, practically flew one-half of the total amount of flying done in this area for the entire season. 84 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Suppression: The operation reports for the season 1925 indicated that greater advantage has been taken of the capacity of aircraft to participate in fire suppression work. The comparative figures for the two years are as follows: — In 1924 the total of 42.52 hours was flown. In 1925 the total of 155.45 hours was flown. This in the transportation of fire fighters and fire fighting equipment. Some very heavy loads were carried, and in August it was found necessary to transfer a machine from Remi Lake, where the fire hazard was low, to Sud- bury. The machine in question was used for fire suppression exclusively. During the month of August at Sudbury, twenty-three fire suppression flights were carried out totalling 52.10 hours. The total weight of fire fighting equipment carried was 10,583 pounds and mileage flown 3,130 miles. This flying was not entirely confined to the transportation of fire fighters and equipment to remote newly detected fires, but also for the rapid transit of supplies, etc., to the crews fighting these fires. Quoting: "An excellent example of the effectiveness of aircraft in dealing with a certain type of fire was afforded on August 1st, at Randolph Lake, near Armstrong on the Canadian National Railway, reference flight report 0.B.-18." On detecting this fire, the machine landed immediately. Investigation showed that the crew could not cope with the fire, that the proportions were such that it would need the proper fire fighting equipment. The machine at once took off and flew to Macdiarmid, where two fire rangers, pumps and hose were picked up and flown back to the fire. As a result of the combined efforts of the crew, consisting of the observer, pilot and air engineer, and two fire rangers, the fire was attacked and pronounced out at 19 o'clock, 5 hours and 50 minutes from the time it was first detected. In view of the fact that this fire was over seven miles from the nearest fire fighting equipment, in a country which was decidedly difficult to travel, and burning at the edge of an excellent stand of timber, the value of the saving of time afforded by the use of aircraft on suppression may be appreciated. The value of such flights is practically inestimable. Remote Transportation: Useful flying should be steadily encouraged. Fast and safe transportation to areas at present remote and inaccessible, save by long and arduous journeys, was accomplished in the operating season of 1925. The following transportation flights quoted: The payment of Indian Treaty for the Federal Government which included the remote Hudson Bay and the French Company posts of the James Bay District, as far north as Attawapiskat on James Bay; the trans- portation of Hudson Bay Company district staff officers from Moose Factory to Remi Lake and the return flight with the district manager and his family from Remi Lake to Moose Factory; the transportation of Doctor Cockburn from Remi Lake to Moose Factory; the transportation of prospectors and mining equipment supplies to the Red Lake gold rush in the late season of 1925; the successful flights in connection with the James D. Lacey sketching pro- gramme in the late season of 1925 on the Ottawa River; the flights participated in by Hydro- Electric engineers over the Nipigon watershed; the flight of remote transportation participated in by the Hon. James Lyons in connection with the inspection of remote operating stations of the Provincial Air Service in con- junction with flights of Indian Treaty Transportation Flight and other flights which will be dealt with in greater detail in the annual report. 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 85 Demonstration Flights: During the operating season of 1925 demonstration flights were carried out in various areas of the Province and a valuable service rendered in this respect. In Conclusion: An endeavour has been made in the foregoing to submit very briefly the statistical statement of the work performed during the operating season of 1925 by the Provincial Air Service. A very gratifying feature of the season just quoted is the closer relationship and co-operation existing between the ground and air forces. There is an active spirit of goodwill between these two branches. This spirit, more than anything else, will give the Service a solid foundation, a record of useful service and a quicker road to public confidence. It remains to pay a tribute to the energy and devotion of the Provincial Air Service personnel, both operating and ground staff. Their work was carried •out faithfully and efficiently and often under very severe weather conditions. No government, state, or commercial enterprise has been better served by its flying personnel. In the final analysis, the successful operation of an air force depends not so much upon equipment and capital as it does upon securing the loyal co-operation of every member of the service staff." III. Reforestation Provincial Forest Stations: St. Williams (Norfolk County). Orono (Durham County). Midhurst (Simcoe County). Provincial Transplant Nurseries: Sand Banks (Prince Edward County). Kemptville (Grenville County). County Forests: Hendrie (Simcoe County). Vivian (York County). Northumberland (Northumberland and Durham Counties). Uxbridge (Ontario County). Private Forests. Tree Planting: Private planting. Demonstration Plots. Seed Collecting. Summary of Nursery Stock. Summary of Tree Distribution. St. Williams: During the late fall of 1924 and the winter months of 1925 only the staff, comprising foremen, clerk and teamsters, fourteen men in all, were retained on the pay roll. 86 REPORT OF THE No. 3 The practice of spring seeding has gradually given way to that of fall sowing, until only such as elm, and soft maple, and coniferous seed of one or another species, which was unprocurable until too late for handling during the fall, of necessity had to be spring sown. (a) Coniferous Seed Sown: Species: No of Beds. White Pine 270 Red Pine 400 Scotch Pine 90 Jack Pine 35 White Spruce 48 White Spruce 13 Norway Spruce 18 White Cedar 14 Red Cedar 10 Hemlock 7 European Larch 40 Total 945 (&) Hardwood Seed Sown: Species: Silver Maple. . . . Red Maple Elm Hard Maple Manitoba Maple. Norway Maple. . White Ash White Birch Yellow Birch . . . . Basswood Black Cherry. . . . Red Oak Chestnut Walnut Total Amount of Seed Sown. Bushels. 43 4 3^ Totals . 432 Pounds. 35 8 10 173 10 21 100 400 757 Nursery Lines: A new record as regards lining out of transplants was made during the spring of 1925. Over three and one-half millions of trees were transferred from seed beds to the nursery lines. Transplants Shipped to Other Provincial Forest Stations Place 1-0 Scotch Pine 1-1 Red Pine 1-0 Jack Pine 2-0 White Spruce 2-0 Norway Spruce 2-0 European Larch 2-0 White Cedar Grand Total Orono Midhurst. 525,000 432,000 15,000 124,700 40,000 127,000 65,000 50,000 50,000 956,700 472,000 Totals.. . 957,000 15,000 164,700 127,000 65,000 50,000 50,000 1,428,700 Fertilizers: On account of our greatly increased nursery stock and a rather curtailed acreage suitable for nursery lines, our work is becoming more intensive. 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 87 As a result of this, the productive area demands heavy annual fertilizing in order that a high state of soil fertility be maintained. Both animal and mineral fertilizers are used, the former to retain and, if possible, to increase humus in the soil, while the latter is applied to function rather as a corrective agent toward supplementing mineral deficiencies as well as offsetting acidity, and other unhealthy conditions which exist. FERTILIZERS APPLIED DURING 1925 Animal Mineral Manure (Tons) Dried Blood (Lbs.) Lime (Tons) Acid Phosphate (Lbs.) 1,0173^ 2,435 43 11,820 SEED IN STORAGE Species: Pounds. White Pine 425 Red Pine 1,641 Scotch Pine 82 Jack Pine 20 White Spruce. . 21 Norway Spruce 27 White Cedar 34 Red Cedar 12 Balsam 98 Hemlock 25 Tamarack 4 Total 2,389 Additions to Property: With the exception of a small coal house, no new buildings were erected. One feature of importance, as an improvement, was the establishment of a park and picnic grounds. In the community there is a decided lack of such places of recreation, and it was felt that the creating of some place where picnics might be held would reflect creditably upon the institution. Three miles of telephone line was constructed to facilitate communication with a patrol man who lives at the northwest extremity of the property. Roads: The policy of maintaining woods roads in a good condition was adhered to. Coppice growth and herbage was scythed, and all inflammable material bordering roadways was removed. One and one-half miles of new roads were constructed to serve the dual purpose of fire protection, and in the capacity of facilitating access to newly established plantations. Two new fire lines sixteen feet wide totalling seven miles in length were cut out to augment our intensive programme of fire protection. Fencing: One hundred and eighty rods of nine-strand wire fence was constructed. Bordering the property on the east, running north along the town line, and west along the sixth concession road for a distance of two lots, this fence effectively excludes all live stock from our newer plantations. Silviculture: Eighty acres of woodland, composed principally of scrub oak, were cut over in preparation for our new 1926 plantations. On this area all diseased, ill-formed, or otherwise undesirable trees were removed and converted into logs and firewood. All brush was burned. 88 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Eight new plantations were established during the fall of 1925, the whole reclaiming an area of approximately seventy acres. Each of these eight planta- tions are of individual interest, since very detailed data was recorded as to costs of preparing planting sites, planting material, the actual planting operation, and every other pertinent information which was thought might be of value. Al- though each plantation differed from the other, each was set out with the tentative object of obtaining first-hand intelligence as to what species, mixtures, and associations are best suited to certain conditions of site. Protection {Disease and Insects): The results of combating disease, and insect ravages, would seem to justify the consistent and persistent efforts which have been exerted toward this end. We are again happy to report that no evidence of white pine blister rust has been found. Notwithstanding this, however, the work of eradicating mem- bers of the genus Ribes is being carried on with utmost thoroughness. Endothia parasitica (chestnut blight) has appeared in southwestern Ontario, and is to be found on the Forest Station. Several trees have been observed to be affected, and have been cut down and burned. To date, however, there seems to be little, if any, method of combating this disease which has proved so disastrous to chestnuts of the New England States. NURSERY STOCK ON HAND Conifers: White Pine 4,300,000 R'ed Pine 5,270,000 Scotch Pine 2,330,000 Jack Pine 1,635,000 White Spruce 1,885,000 Norway Spruce ' 1,328,000 White Cedar 640,000 Red Cedar 4,500 Balsam 90,000 Hemlock 80,000 European Larch 145,000 Total 17,707,500 Hardwoods: White Ash 110,000 White Elm 100,000 Hard Maple 53,000 Sweet Chestnut 5,000 Black Cherry 7,000 Black Locust 14,000 Honey Locust 6,000 Silver Maple 150,000 Manitoba Maple 2,500 Rooted Poplar 3,000 Poplar Cuttings 250,000 Willow Cuttings 50,000 Black Walnut 25,000 White Walnut 6,000 Total 781,500 Grand Total 18,488,000 Orono: Seeding: The lack of an irrigation system has proved a serious handicap in the production of coniferous seedlings. This lack of watering facilities is not only a serious drawback in the combating of drouth conditions, but also opens our seed beds to the attack of "damping off" fungi. Since we are unable to 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 89 replace lost soil moisture it is impossible to retain an optimum moisture content in the soil during dry seasons and similarly we are unable to dry out the soil to the proper degree when "damping off" threatens the seedlings, as this leaves the seed beds entirely dependent upon a rainfall which must follow almost immediately to be of any value. While the lack of irrigation facilities has proved a severe handicap, notably with red pine which is regarded as one of the most important species for reforesta- tion purposes, the success attained with certain other species, including Scotch and jack pines, white cedar and white spruce, has been so encouraging as to induce an expansion in coniferous seed-bed operations which would other- wise be unwarranted. In the spring sixty beds were sown which were largely experimental. In all three species the most striking difference was the much better production obtained from neighbouring beds sown in the preceding fall. FALL SOWING OF CONIFEROUS BEDS No. of Beds Species: Sown. Red Cedar 15 White Cedar 18 Jack Pine 33 Red Pine 70 Scotch Pine 45 White Pine 78 White Spruce 29 Total 288 I SOWING OF HARDWOOD SEED Total Species: Bushels. White Ash 5 Basswood 2 Black Cherry 2 White Elm 2 Red Maple 4 Silver Maple 12 Red Oak 10 Walnuts 16 Walnuts 50 Total 103 Fertilizers: Green manures were resorted to extensively, crops of fall rye and buckwheat being ploughed under on all land not actually occupied by seed beds or transplant lines. In addition, the following fertilizers, other than green manures, were applied during the year. Animal Mineral Manure (Tons) Dried Blood (Lbs.) Acid Phosphate (Lbs.) Sulphate of Ammonia (Lbs.) Muriate of Potash (Lbs.) 57 200 500 175 200 90 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Roads: Main nursery roads were widened from twelve to sixteen feet and the necessary additional gravel applied. Several concrete culverts were con- structed at strategic points on these roads. In co-operation with the Clark Township Council, the approach to the nursery from the village was greatly improved, a sharp curve from the county-provincial road being greatly reduced and the gradient lessened. Demonstration Plantations: Eight acres of hillside were planted with coni- fers and four acres of rather poorly drained land at the northwest corner of the property were planted to hardwoods. Buildings: One very necessary building was erected during the year, to be used as an implement shed, tool house and work shop. This building is 120 feet by 30 feet, of board and batten construction, with a hip roof shingled with wooden shingles, and with concrete floors. The original barn on the property was re-sheeted with boards and battens at the same time. Lands: An area of 200 acres, comprising Lot 22, Concession 1, Manvers Township, Durham County, was taken over and brought under the jurisdiction of the forest station. This is an area of rolling sand land, from which approxi- mately 1,500,000 F.B.M. of white pine and red oak have just been harvested. An excellent reproduction of red and white pine, red oak and birch is in evidence at present. Publicity: The number of township agricultural fairs visited with our exhibit was increased from two in 1924 to six this year. Excellent results were obtained in every case, many prospective planters and present woodlot owners being personally interviewed at each fair. Surveys: A topographic map of the nursery was completed during the year. The boundaries of the property were chained while the levels were obtained with a hand level. STOCK ON HAND Hardwoods Species: Totals White Ash 90,000 White Elm 145,000 Silver Maple 455,000 Walnut 2,000 Cuttings: Carolina Poplar 25,000 White Willow 30,000 Total 747,000 Conifers Balsam 25,000 White Cedar 218,000 European Larch 50,000 Jack Pine 187,000 Red Pine 80,000 Scotch Pine 1,150,000 White Pine 1,475,000 Norway Spruce 65,000 White Spruce 455,000 Total 3,705,000 Grand Total 4,452,000 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 91 Midhurst: Seed Beds: Seed beds were sown both in spring and fall, as follows: Number in Number in Species: Spring Scotch Pine 64 Jack Pine 8 White Pine 5 Red Pine 6 Red Cedar 1 Balsam 1 White Spruce 7 White Cedar 6 Hemlock Totals 98 Fall 54 10 102 126 20 20 361 HARDWaOD SEED SOWN Amount Species: Bushels. Red Maple 7 Silver Maple 5 White Elm 4 Red Oak 22 Black Cherry 4 Basswood 2 White Ash 5 Black Ash 5 Total 54 Nursery Lines: Transplanting was carried on during spring and fall. Fall transplanting was not successful in 1924 on account of heaving in the spring. This season the fall transplants are covered with a light mulch of wheat straw. It has been noted that the larger plants have a far less tendency to heave, so on this account two-year-old seedlings are transplanted in fall in preference to one-year-old seedlings. A system that allows fall transplanting aids in division of labour in regard to the seasons. Permanent Planting: Four hundred and twenty-eight acres have been planted permanently on the station property, 200 acres being this year's plant- ing, leaving 125 acres to be planted. All the plantations are doing well. In one sixteen-acre scotch pine plantation planted last spring it was impossible to find a dead tree. Windbreaks have been planted dividing nursery into com- partments. Silviculture: There are 136 acres of swamp land and 114 acres of hardwood bush on station property. Roads have been laid out and cut through in both hardwoods and swamp, making it possible to practise selection cutting. In the swamp an improvement cutting is being made in a fine fifteen-year-old stand of white spruce that occurs naturally. About fifty acres of hardwood have seeded naturally with red oak the past summer. This fall thirty-nine acres were underplanted with white pine, where oak had not come in owing to scarcity of seed trees. General Work: The nursery ground is being built up by plowing under cover crops of sweet clover, rye and vetch, 200 loads of well decomposed muck was hauled from swamp last winter and put in land. Manure is brought from adjacent farms. 92 REPORT OF THE No. 3 A one-storey frame building, 22 feet by 22 feet, was built to be used as lunch room for men and a part of building was partitioned off to be used as outside office. A stone fence with cobble stone entrance was built in front of site of proposed superintendent's residence. Roads around site were graded and will be gravelled during winter. Ground for lawn was given a good dressing of clay. Roads: Fire roads have been extended this year. Most of the fire-guards have been stumped, making cultivation easier, and also making more effective fire-guards. Some of main roads, including sixth concession, have been graded. Considerable gravelling will be done during the winter. Publicity: Exhibits were held at the Barrie, Alliston, Beeton and Elmvale fairs. The main part of exhibit showed different species, as sent out for per- manent planting. Quite a number of prospective planters left their names and addresses for the purpose of securing application blanks. STOCK ON HAND DECEMBER 1st, 1925 Conifers: White Pine 1,507,500 Red Pine 1,605,300 Scotch Pine 1,709,550 Jack Pine 220,300 White Cedar 432,250 White Spruce 319,300 Norway Spruce 47,265 Balsam 120,000 Sitka Spruce 10,000 Total 5,971,465 Hardwoods: White Elm 89,600 Silver Maple 62,625 Walnut 1,118 White Ash 32,575 Red Oak 4,760 Black Cherry 79 Sugar Maple 11,654 Black Locust 50 Total 202,491 Grand Total 6,173,956 TRANSPLANT NURSERIES Sand Banks; A quantity of rooted Carolina poplars, which had been grown on the pro- perty from cuttings, were transplanted to the more sheltered places of the sand banks. In moving these the roots were trimmed and in each case a ball of nursery soil was carried with the tree; 8,113 of these were planted in the spring and of those set out before the season was too far advanced for transplanting very few died. In addition to the rooted poplar on the property, a surplus of cuttings from other nurseries were also set out. These numbered 20,160. A large quantity of jack pine which had been placed in nursery rows when the work was commenced and which were becoming too large for distribution, were also planted in sheltered places. 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 93 * The following is a list of the trees in the nursery: — Conifers: Jack Pine 160,000 Scotch Pine 38,570 Red Pine 1,400 White Pine 4,375 White Cedar 16,200 Red Cedar 38,350 White Spruce 37,500 European Larch 1,970 Total 298,465 Hardwoods: Oak 700 Hard Maple 4,400 Soft Maple 1,820 Elm : 1,350 White Ash 80,400 Butternut 4,700 Mountain Ash 1,360 Manitoba Maple 30 Basswood 10 Locust 12 Total 94,782 I Grand Totals 393,247 Kemptville: Trees were distributed locally from this nursery and a few were shipped by rail during the spring. Stock on hand at present is as follows: — Conifers: White Pine 7,418 Red Pine 18,370 Scotch Pine 42,786 Jack Pine 36,100 Norway Spruce 4,460 White Spruce 15,556 White Cedar 6,400 Total •. 131,090 Hardwoods: Ash 10,243 White Elm 9,180 Silver Maple 1,273 Walnut 525 Poplar 1,073 Willow 301 Total 22,795 Grand Totals 153,885 COUNTY FORESTS Hendrie: Approximately 700 of the 1,000 acre block have been permanently planted, leaving 100 acres of open land and 200 acres of second growth. This past season's planting was very successful, none of plantations having a loss of more than five per cent. Some of older plantations are beginning to make a fine showing. Two hundred and twenty-five acres were planted during spring of 1925 and 40,000 white pine were underplanted under poplar in the fall. 94 REPORT OF THE Nr. 3 PLANTATIONS, SPRING 1925 Species: Number. Acres. Red and White Pine, mixed 60,500 R. 60,500 W. 100 Scotch Pine 54,450 45 European Larch 36,300 30 Jack Pine 60,500 50 Totals 272,250 225 Cost of Planting, 1925: Costs for the spring planting were worked up and gave the following results: — Cost for planting per acre including lifting, hauling, super- vision and planting $5 . 30 Cost for furrowing out per acre ^ 1 . 00 Total cost per acre $6 . 30 All main fire-guards were stumped, making them easier to cultivate and also making more effective fire-guards. A thirty-two-foot wooden tower was built on highest elevation of property to serve as lookout tower. The boundary line at south end of property was run by transit and was fenced sufficiently to keep cattle out. Vivian: Planting operations were carried on here during the spring season and the following trees were set out : — White Pine 90,000 Red Pine 110,000 Scotch Pine 40,000 Jack Pine 30,000 Larch 10,000 Soft Maple 2,000 Poplar 8,000 Total 290,000 During the summer the acreage of this forest was increased by 400 acres by the purchase of another block of land about one mile north of the original block. This additional area contains very little woodland and has within its boundaries some of the poorest blow sand of the district. During the autumn a combined stable, shed and workshop was erected to serve the needs of the forest. Northumberland : During the spring season the following species were planted: — White Pine 35,000 Red Pine 132,000 Scotch Pine 15,000 Jack Pine 33,000 Larch 3,000 Total 218,000 The main highways of the property were fenced during the summer and a dwelling was erected to serve as a foreman's residence. 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 95 Uxbridge: For some years the county council of Ontario has been negotiating for the purchase of a block of land for reforesting purposes. Late in the autumn of this year the council sanctioned the purchase of approximately 1,000 acres in Uxbridge Township. The area consists of mostly poor sand land with occasional pieces of woodland. It is proposed to commence planting work in the spring of 1926. PRIVATE FORESTS Osler: A permanent and experienced foreman was put in charge of this forest in time for spring planting. The following species were set out: — White Pine 10,000 Red Pine 47,000 Scotch Pine 49,000 Jack Pine 27,000 White Spruce 65,000 Cedar 5,000 Larch 3,175 Elm 3,000 Ash 4,000 Soft Maple 25,000 Cuttings 4,000 Total. 242,175 Williams : The following trees were planted on this forest: — White Pine 3,000 Red Pine 10,000 Spruce 2,000 Total 15,000 TREE PLANTING Private Planting: The number of persons receiving trees this year increased considerably over former years. In all there were 3,181 applicants who procured a total of 5,277,237 trees of all species. Demonstration Plots: New plots established: Barrie Scotch Pine 2,500 Jack Pine 500 Brant Jack Pine 1,000 Scotch Pine 2,000 White Spruce 1,000 Elm 200 White Ash 200 Soft Maple 200 Locust 200 Chestnut 200 96 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Brampton Jack Pine 500 Scotch Pine 500 White Spruce 4,000 Elm 500 White Ash 500 Soft Maple 500 Poplar Cuttings 100 Willow Cuttings 100 Camp Borden... Jack Pine 150,000 Scotch Pine 10,000 Butternut 50 Glanford White Pine 1,000 Scotch Pine 2,000 Butternut 1,000 Elm 1,400 Ash 1,400 Hard Maple ^ 500 Soft Maple 1,000 Oakville Scotch Pine 800 Port Hope White Pine 1,000 Scotch Pine 1,000 Jack Pine 1,000 Red Pine 1,000 Richmond Hill. . .Scotch Pine 500 Jack Pine 500 Larch 500 Elm 200 Ash 100 Mono Scotch Pine 1,000 Red Pine 2,000 Jack Pine 1,000 , Waterloo Scotch Pine 3,000 Jack Pine 2,000 White Spruce 25 Butternut 500 Elm 1,000 Ash 800 Soft Maple 1,000 Chestnut 500 Woolwich White Pine 2,000 Scotch Pine 5,000 Jack Pine 3,000 Larch 1,000 Additions to plots previously established: — Beeton Scotch Pine 10,000 Colborne Jack Pine 1,000 Scotch Pine 1,000 Cramahe Red Pine 2,000 Scotch Pine 3,000 Guelph Scotch Pine 15,000 North York Scotch Pine 1,500 Jack Pine 3,000 Midland Scotch Pine 1,000 White Spruce 1,000 Elm 1,000 Mulmur White Pine 2,000 Scotch Pine 10,000 Jack Pine 8,000 Norfolk Jack Pine 45,000 Elm 1,000 Soft Maple 1,000 Sunnidale Scotch Pine 3,000 Jack Pine 6,000 Poplar Cuttings 5,000 Rooted Poplar 50 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 97 SEED COLLECTING The following seed was collected during the year: — Species: Bushels. White Pine 16/8 Scotch Pine 526 Jack Pine 98 Norwa}' Spruce 29 6/8 White Spruce 715/8 Cedar 16 Red Cedar 5 4/8 Basswood 11 5/8 Butternut 7/8 Red Oak 89 3/8 Walnut 350 White Ash 42 2/8 Soft Maple 56 Red Maple 15 Elm : 12 Black Cherry 48 1/8 SUMMARY OF NURSERY STOCK Nursery Conifers Hardwoods Totals St. Williams 17,707,600 3,705,000 5,971,465 298,465 131,090 781,500 747,000 202,491 94,782 22,795 18,489,100 Orono 4,452,000 Midhurst Sand Banks Kemptville 6,173,956 393,247 153,885 Totals 27,813,620 1,848,568 29,662,188 SUMMARY OF TREES PLANTED PERMANENTLY Place Conifers Hardwoods Cuttings Totals Private Planting (reforestation and windbreaks) Demonstration Plots Hendrie Forest . 4,561,157 312,325 280,750 280,000 218,000 221,175 163,140 12,000 205,900 102,865 537,330 13,350 178,750 5,200 5,277,237 330,875 280,750 Vivian Forest Northumberland 2,000 8,000 290,000 218,000 Private Forests 32,000 2,000 6,000 10,720 4,000 257,175 St. Williams 165,140 Orono 18,000 Midhurst 216,620 Sand Banks 28,433 131,298 Totals 6,357,312 603,400 224,383 7,185,095 98 REPORT OF THE No. 3 IV. Forest Investigations Forest Surveys: Programme: The forest survey programme for 1925 included the examina- tion of four areas, namely: — A. (1) Groundhog River Area: A tract lying south of the section of the Transcontinental Railway from Kapuskasing to Fauquier and extending to the Canadian National Railway, in all twenty-seven townships, being an area of 2,079 square miles or 1,330,560 acres. (2) Opasatika River Area: A tract lying north of the Transcontinentaf Railway and tributary to the Opasatika River. It extends north of townships Pearce, Nixon and Neely to the Missinaibi River. The area comprises 1,050 square miles or 672,000 acres. B. During October three parties investigated conditions: (1) Around Kabinakagami Lake, an area lying southwest of Oba in the angle formed by the Algoma Central Railway and the Canadian National Rail- way. This area contains 729 square miles or 466,560 acres. (2) The area immediately east of the Longlac pulp limit and bounded on the north by the eastern arm of the Longlac limit, on the south by the Lake Superior and Pic River limits, and on the east by the Nagagami pulp limit. Two areas were made of this tract and divided by the Canadian National Railway. The northern portion was completed and the western third of the southern piece. This whole area contains 1,561 square miles or 998,880 acres. Investigative Work: One party under the direction of Mr. J. A. Brodie carried on investigative work in addition to their regular survey programme. This work was to deter- mine the practicability of applying statistics to estimating and secure: (1) A measure of the variation in cordage existing within types. (2) The amount of sampling necessary for a given degree of accuracy in an estimate. In addition to the above, work was carried on to investigate: (1) The accuracy of the method of estimating as adopted by the Forestry Branch. (2) The effect in the estimate of different percentage cruises having as a check an area cruised 100%. From May 23rd to September 26th, 46 men were employed in the survey of the Groundhog and Opazatika River areas. These men were organized into 5 parties, 4 nine-men parties and 1 eight-men, also a chief and canoeman. During October eleven men were employed. The total area surveyed totals 5,419 sq. miles or 3,468,000 acres. At a cost per sq. mile of $5.77 and cost per acre .90 cents. 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 99 Forest Pathology: During the past season forest pathological work was continued under the direction of Doctor J. H. FauU of the University of Toronto. This investiga- tion was concerned with various forest tree diseases and particularly the question of red stain in connection with Jack Pine. It is hoped at a later date to publish a more detailed report on these pathological investigations. J. ZAVITZ, Provincial Forester. 100 REPORT OF THE No 3 O 00 1 so 1 ^ 4) 00 CO O ro SO ^ o> so E 'i* so o u^ lO CN '"' c ■o .2 -a ■ G '■*-> bio o o bii to-^-- 'to C c J2 to « a 'Sb 'Ui 4)J2 X S2- s o ctS bfi O CL, J K J CQ (M to o o o o c uo O "0 O to o O o o o t«OOOOOOrsio ;«ooo 0 WloiOLOOOO^Oio 4) LOLOIOO Q CN CN <~<1 ■^ Q r~) CN -rt CN Q CN (M '-H Cvl + + + ++ + 4 4- ++ + +++++4" + + + 4- + ■irioo o • .10>0 c f ; o o o o t^OOOOOOtM -WOOOCO Wu^uoo ; ■ rsi t- C « O to O O ^loCOOi^lsOO Uoii^OO ^so r"-) t- ^00 Cvl CN CN ■^ ■rt ^co CN CN P^ P'-H p€^ D€^ - +++4 + ++ + ++++ -OOiOO"^"" lO lO lO ir- -oo oo o -ooo OiO o T3 O oo <-^ QJ T— 1 O so ^ '" ■rt O CN CN (u LO o o o 4)0>0 OO'-i IjLOiOOO lO ;-. u u Vh CN ^^ 41 Csl CN JJ tJ< CN rt ^ 4> ro ■^ 1— t 4; PTl CN ■>-l OS Tj •0 4^ "Os^^ "0 4©. "0%% v—i 'c5 c c C c tn 41 . 4> .^13 4; 41 ■ H : CJ 4) "C tf 1- o c : o •T3 ■ C ■ ns tr a; O (J 'a 4> o-c o c ^ p to aj jj OJ • s c* . 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"3 a 4) <« -Tjs «-> rt " rt^ 0! oi ►^u ck: u u 'd 0 rt . so If 0 *J 3 V is C8 - u T3 a; 4> C ea'.r c r 2^ •- 1) 4) rt 0) .2 0 S I u c^ c - - CN ^ - - - ::^ ^ '^ lO f^f 10 I 4» *•*-* cfl _C2 **-• .0 0 — -5 0 d 8 -■ CM r-l 00 4)"^ 4) J2 ca .. 3 u, c « 2 ° u bc.-^.s c.y c 0 0 c 8 d 3 c c Ui 0 u ui d u k- c ^ 0 C 4) C -S C c/i 0 ■— CO ■!-> . 0 -t-l v« 0 4> c to °'> o-cag •5 --o^ - 07: ca 1-^ ecu ^ ca -r i' «^ i; -J z en -« c _ 0 *-' <^ d.2 caj=:^ 0 CI c 0 E C ••; ^- c t- ^ •^ y E c fc^:^8 ™ ca-o 3 41 0* < 00 s ca S 0 0\ o\ VO (M CN 10 fN vO CN u d cj CM . 0\ c -d _>. a a> a •— > 4> 3 Q Q Q U, >— I On >o 00 ■^ t^ cs CN ■-H »H 10 '-' tN > 0 (J Q Q ov a >— > c »— > e 3 1— 1 102 REPORT OF THE No. 3 O -K ^ O Ir^ < Ch J) 00 Tt^ lO o 1^ Csl 00 ■<* UO \z '^ «>- o ■o o PD i-H <~o 00 |Xj be bi) bio bi) be '35 C c 3 _B _B O o, bfl bfi 'So 'm "5b o bjo bO bO be bo u O O O o o D- J ►J J J -J <«oooc lOOOOOO i'^ o o o o c/) o o o o o o ^lOO'l^'- ^lOOO Tf< Tj< IW lO Tt O '-I ^iOiDOOO'* Q (N • 3 u •« .3 0) Ui (U U • 3 V. .3 3 .3 OJ u cu 'B. a rt a, a W 03 u n! a. CJ 03 a. 03 a CJ r; 03 CJ -^SaSa •s-^-^s-s 0\ a rt i-" rt ;" rt a o a o cs a o rt *^ rt o-u:; o a ►— > i^CL,h-2,i- 1— iCA3 Cu (/) CU ►^c/)Cu>^ Di ►ri.c/} tt CU CO ^ * •M Ui ■(-> d U U CJ CO 1-H •o ni (2^ £ bi) J2 .§t fc^ .21-^ o3 3 41 J.S- 4) CJ ° •S-c -■»-' >-T3 3 o o 5< CO »-< - •"VN ^ • t^ 00 j-SJ J J J (U ro Njj<^00 'pr "^ "^ ^'^ ■ 3 bi r°.^C c tn G^"cn'o"os" |8ui"^-^-8 ^ O • o CD o 8 _ TfJ 6 >, .2 ct-" Ho:z:^^§2 en ^ O CJ o '^^ Cfl o o n o . 3 .-. .^ ro ro re .TS'^ . . . Qc/)3-:^^^ 'o ■n^(/)'^oo 3 OS H • ", a3jj__jj^ . Lh fO rcN Os «^ r~j ~ O CO O MD 0\ •g ■* r^ »/5 f^ lO f<5 oi £.2 O U H cJ^ CQ 0\ a a o o a. »-i 3 (U 9^ Q> V < CO CAi C/} CO «« .^^ r^ '^ f^ TO rtj s ^ bib bis bio bfi Qte ~J 3 3 3 3 3 o <" < < < < 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 103 u- vo lo lO (U 10 Q r "3 0) LO in 0-rcrt.!;2 a^ t^ CL, •* (N Q-,^(>, a^ P«* ;d€i% m^ pS ^«©^ + «0^ + + + + •oo •OOOO ' »o P-iO •3 0«0'-i (2- ; ^^ 0 «l& ««• «©■ ID 0 c c "5, a c c o c 0 3 a ajr a "1 tr C ^1 Si 213 c/)ta 0. c 3 ="5^- -a 0 0 Jackpi Spruce Tie.s. . '5. CJ c Oh I c>) E V) 02 0- U L- • o > J3 7: -o 0 E u .Is (U rt a, c u O o JO 03 aj J3 +j ^ C/3 •. jC 1 o ro 00 o ^ :^ :^ .E 2 c c 00 c 0 O aj j3 be "o §c8 u ^ o.S o . tn ■w ■ — in Q 5 r r .►^' lo "^ -f-" rt ..i> in 1-1 o r u a - 11 en rt ."o l!^" <" ^ ^2 ^.2 "1 «J cn.y acSoo-:2oo'::jo:^acs-2: '•7\ ^ = c c-S 1- si 15 UJ i? Qi ffl c/: o o o ■* •t 0 ir,^ \ri ^ '"' '"' Ov Q, a a ID in bib 3 < ID to 1-1 «V1 fN 2g < 5^ ^ < U < be 3 < 1—1 1( )4 REPORT OF THE No. 3 irj ID U-) 10 a> O lo "0 ID »o lO in ^ C<1 e-O e^ <^ rn <^ <^ fc 00 ^ -* '^ ^ ^ Tt* tN lO ID lO "0 lO »o c o tn 1 -o C 6 0 b 0 bo i W) 1 b< .■^ c; — C — c — c _. c — > c en la "rt'S) rt-r rtT rt -r ni-- (fl-S O ^H biO u t 0 u b 0 u bfl u bfi u biC O. 0..2J a; o 01 b 0 !U b c 0) bo V bD (U biC o gj C C c c CO CO CO 2 3 <=■ !??oc "?oo !"oo yoo ♦ 4J tJh ^ CN -^ en Vinin 0> irj u- OJ i/^ t/- Vinin ^loiD ^iDio Q O 01 ^^ 3 Q tM cv Q tN CN Q eM tv n tN (>4 + + ^ + + + -f + -f ++ ++ 1 ++ *fOO bti ■!r!<='° V>oc irioc t^oc -JTiOC -MOO s-^-^ .s en ^^ ^-^ ^oc ^o = Soc ^oo 1 sjoo ►^O "^ ar^,^ ttr^^ arr,^ aro^ o.^^ a-oo-* P<«^ ^ P«©. P«^ ;d€^ ;d«^ 13 <^ D«^ + + C + + + -f +-f -ooo -DOC -QOC IH IH T3 -T3'-i O •- e>q (M •- (U 0) V lU 0> • o o- ,„ C ■M r—l W o 3_ ^ ^ : o ■^.s -^.s •^.s -^.s c.S "^ c C.S 8 8 '•S •s a a s (0 o -^^ o o^ o 0 ^1 ^ en- . «1 u E 0) 2 "o tn s o JS mber C -thy & y.Toron U > u-C Eu hy, mber C Carthv U U V! 8 > o Z S i ;nace Lu lo McCai McCarth 3 U C U bo McCart Toronto gnace Lu c/o Mc McCart Toronto hevlin C Minnea Minn. hevlin C Minneai Minn. hevlin C Minneai ■^A, Q ►:="o 1 >— ' I CD 1 CD 1 C/5 ■Cx< 1, 1 ^ o o , «, a en |H^^ fO Cj 03 . rt> 5 Tj* ^ rt< <^ :^ en c3 oa 2Z 2 u o s I- . ■ ^ il 4)1-^ a c J'rt u 0) "rt Dist. of Keno 6, S. part 10, rt 11, N. part rt 5, con. 2. § en Q c "o en Q O C 4) 'o en Q o c OJ 'o en 5 s 0 C ■ CD > •So en . 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C«J= *"d >:^- ca > a d "1 S u J^ 3 o c "1- • 2 <= E 4> 3 0 ^^ c^ D ^ <0< gCuUO 03 8^o o < bcHc/3 < CN (M - - CN -^ -^ '-' :^ - 5 "0 ::?^ 5 ro :^ 3 "o ^■^ oi biO ^'^U °o 1^ •-<■" bi) -* d "(5 5 z8c5 c cJ:>'^' ^^00*:^ cti +J 00.22 VO~NO" ^1 Q o < ^0° o o c . ^1 o" 10" d -8 ^oT 0 V !C~1 c C > 0 d H 0 £ d E -n 0 0 :§ u M glO ■5 c ^ o ■M CO Ui • — 3 •SZ^'^S^Q |8 U s 6 aa H ft- . en fc o ID »^ OS 0 0 CN lO '^ t— 1 n-H T^ CN OJ CN o ^ •♦-» ^ ^ jj ■l-i -"o O CJ 0 0 0 ^ (J 0 CJ 0 o "O •* On 0 CN XT) '^ CN CN CN ro ^-H 2 a D, a Q. ^ Q. CJ 4.) 0) Q.) i) tu 0 4J 0 c/) CA) CO C/) C/) N*^ 106 REPORT OF THE No. 3 a t-i » ^ R <5 O fe; ^ « B 'Ti o S u lU ■tt, <..-l ■<^ o ^ -a CN t^ re 0 VO t^ -i Qa "d ++++4 + + 4 44-+ 4- ■i-;o oo "0 t^o t ^ t« & «■ 3 en" '■£ _a.a _Q .2i3 .a en- !S ^ 3 "^ "z ■w a ■w 4) ^ "Snc; °-^ c ^° L 0) 0) 0) c c c a' -2 S •0 c t- .^ q^ Qj .« • *^ CJ rt D, o o 0 ■q. au "a'd'S. 'ad rt y O 1-c Ih G oil— >cnc/2 — ^ Jsi 3 ^^^ ^0 T3 o 0 Ih 0 CJ u 0 ■rt Ci3 rt 0 03 4) ■> 1—1 Atn 1 )' )l 1 "— > oi •V c o c .5" U ca in JD c '3 .-r cr fcS 1- e o o N "2 o c • 05 3 c U 0 i'i . . )-> ii 0 H §u _mo g^O 8^ 2j < rr pa u CO CO k^ 1. of en- ers ^ ^ c •-; 0; 0^ oi-^oo re gOO^ 1— > 0 ;- ^ ,-r>^ 0) to •Si 3 3 n nj •§8 03 0 0)CN fc«rere gCQDiOi W H < U U tJ 00 ^ 0 10 ^ _l 5t3 0\ -*-» ^0 ■l-i fe re Q ° 2 u o O 0 0 t) 0 0 0 0 0 S'S in o re re 0\ 10 0 T3 v-t TO qj o (/I . ■l-J u 0 ■M 0) C/2 0 a 0) C/3 1926 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 107 1^ -* t^ vO t^ 00 tN '^ m 0\ '^ On rr> » o-o^^ a^ ^lO CN ^ '-H P-CNIOI- D** D«^ D«* P«^ P«^ + + + + O O CN CN lOOC T3 O >0 00f~ 'TJ CN IC rr 5-H 5o ^ ^'S' d 3 "O 6 oi c 'a •V ■§ Ih T3 •s T3 t3 P O ©"U 'H-'O W J. J, qj tf3 til til ^ c/i 1^ 0) O P Qt^- p"S i-T be • ^■1 0) si oJ be 3 C IKS ? 4) Fred P Won Ont. .^5 »ix^ lU P c 3 H 31"° 1 — > J^ CN CN f^ < m oo + + -r-T 0 0 OC -Ot-i -O-H -TJOO'-H '-H -oo 0 o"- -0 10 lO t-» T3 >0 • •-I 1— 1 ■.-( T-H C • ^ (y-) 72. 0 >. mo CQo CG 0 10 m CC-H CQ 0 &^ 4©^ 6^ 0 4,©^ 0 6% «^ :i>-' +^ rs T-H IS ^ . ^ > bJC V c — ) eii-2>c/5cA >—,iriir Die/) u 1— > 0 C U 3 tn 2 u b u-5 o en e 03 03 3 jn--5 £^ tn 0 H tn 03 >i tn 0) 1-, 4J CO cm • 0 o O 0 u Si Si bcJ 03 03 03 1— V 0 E ^ CN OJ CN ^ ^ <^ .• om ^ d z a" 60 ^on*-S ca5 J r - a - H°° g -id^?" 03 0 *J d • •5^ h| ^i -0-0 f-H 3 in tn C C 0 ..i£ tn — _tn 13 'd J^ >.3 >^3 1) 0 -4-J QJ 03^ ?z OCT) OC/) 0 " o; 0 S hJ J U ii; < 5 0 0 0 0 fN ,_, 0 S-o 10 ro ro PO <^ CN rO ro JJ o 0\ •'-' ^J jj *j * >k -ij +J 4J Q S i-H u U 0 u 0 0 CJ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 00 00 o\ Tt< aj'S ^^ tN CM -d to -o o o c ^a- ^ 'So biO o a> a. 03 H X <« oo cfi O O O ^^ tjj o ^tOO ^lOO "* CM •U lOO'^ -O CM •— »^ m P3 CM mo o «©■ «.% €©^ ai c "S. •V o o o 4J :58 -a ^2 3 ^ Ul .5 0. =^1 oT rt 4) a o y ■h- -s^ o U, 1-, > ^ I cS^ ^c^c^C ^ 4_) 3 ' 1- a U "O ^ C ^^ ■^ o Si do u mi Tim /o A. B. )n, Toro ^1 ian V g & W tig Co., Ste. Ma nl u_y -a e.= . , emag Co., Gord 0=- = ana^ Dryii work Sault H <■ U tN CM 00 ^ :^ ^-H On '^ J^ bi J> c c/i rt en u -o O c '5, c cfl 1) Z ^ :^ Wm ., , o o ui «5 t/1 (A! 5 5 d. CM tN . O ^-' .4_l ^J T-( u (J U O o O »* vO .D^ CM •^ CN ■ 2 a a -w 5 c/ ) O s < II E 00 c .2 o bi) — d 2"5) -a ^3 a 0) biO en 3 2 C O 0) a Oh o H o lO cm' S' U) pa _3 -w , "a 01 ^ s' u u a> 0> a a 15 o o "3 o q a 00 UO OJ m^ €©. o ^ .. CJ 0> c _c '5, Xi -d C en rt 4)^ c .2 "5 . >> en rt o O. 0) 0) >-^ tn ^ O 1—1 rt u o < CM 00 ^-H o :^ .,-, tn CAJ >. _o fc -M d "rt C^ ^ o i^ H J TD cfl ^ JS»o o^" a§ 2 ^ -^ S ■»-> o > ^ H fc •o >» (U u «J 08 3 -v . u 0) " CM UOs X! c C'-H « 3 - ii o >, .^j O c C 3 E .^ pa CC II REPORT OF THE Minister of Lands and Forests OF THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO For the Year Ending 31st October 1926 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO ONTARIO TORONTO Printed and Published by the Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty 19 2 7 REPORT OF THE Minister of Lands and Forests OF THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO For the Year Ending 31st October 1926 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO ONTARIO TORONTO Priitted and Published by^the Prin^r to the King'* Most Excellent If i^Mlr 1027 PR To His Honour William D. Ross, Esq., Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Ontario. May It Please Your Honour: The undersigned has the honour to present to your Honour, Report on the operations of the Department of Lands and Forests for the fiscal year ending 31st October, 1926. William Finlayson, Minister. [31- \}~. vC>iV\J'.: !■) i iuO')/! . lik Honourable William Finlayson, Minister of Lands and Forests. We have the honour to submit herewith a report on the operations of the Department of Lands and Forests for the fiscal year ending 31st October, 1926, said report being divided into two parts — Part One deaUng with matters affect- ing Lands and Forests proper, and Part Two dealing with matters under the head of Forestry. W. C. CAIN, E. J. ZAVITZ, Deputy Minister, Deputy Minister, Lands and Forests. Forestry. |5| CONTENTS PART I Page Minister's Preface 7 Appendices: No. 1. Department Inside Officers and Clerks 18 2. Departn^ent Outside Officers and Inspectors *. > 20 3. Statement of Lands Sold and Leased with Collections 23 4. Gross Revenue .' 24 5. Revenue Refunds 25 6. Receipts (Special Funds) 26 7. Gross Disbursements (exclusive of Northern Development shown in special Report) 27 8. Tr'mber cut and amounts accruing re Dues, etc 29 9. Revenue from Woods and Forests 30 10. Acreage under License and Pulp Concessions 30 11. Locations, etc., under Free Grant Section of Public Lands Act. ....,..:. ...... 31 12. Lands Sold 36 13. Statement of Patents, Leases, etc.. issued 44 14. Report of Records Branch 44 15. Report of Director of Surveys on Crown Surveys . 45 16. Statement of Municipal Surveys Confirmed 48 17. " Municipal Surveys Ordered 49 18. " Crown Surveys in Progress 51 19. " Crown Surveys Completed 52 20. Surveyor's Report, 9th Base Line and Meridian Lines, District of Patricia. ... 54 21. *■ " Township outlines. District of Patricia 55 22. " " 9th Meridian line, District of Patricia 57 23. « " Base and Meridian lines District of Rainy River. ....... . 61 24. " " 1 raverse Allanwater and part Ogoki Rivers, District of Thunder Bay 62 25. " " Lower and Middle Shebandowan Lakes, District of Thunder Bay 64 26. " " Townships of Echo, Pickerel and Vermillion, District of Kenora ,. • 65 27. " " Lakes and Islands, Townships of Elmsley, Burgess and Crosby 66 28. " " Lakes in Township of Bedford 67 29. Statement of Timber Sales 70 30. Agreement, Provincial Paper Mills, Limited 81 31. " Spruce Falls, Company, Limited 89 32. " Fort William Paper Company, Limited 96 33. " Thunder Bay Paper Company, Limited 104 34. " ~ Nipigon Corporation, Limited Ill 35. " C. Howard Smith 120 PART II No. 36. Forestry Branch Report — (1) Forest Fire Protection 1 28 (2) Air Service 146 (3) Air Operations 1 56 (4) Reforestation 1 69 1^1 Report of the Minister of Lands and Forests of the Province of Ontario For the Year ending 31st October, 1926. STATUTORY CHANGES In 1912 an Act was passed for raising money on the Credit of the Con- soHdated Revenue Fund of Ontario for the primary purposes of encouraging and assisting in the Development of Northern Ontario. The responsibility of administering the Act was placed on the Minister of Lands and Forests and the Northern Development Branch thus came into being. This Branch con- tinued as such until the Session of 1926 when, because of its increased work involving the administration of the bridge, culvert and drain building in the northern portions of the Province, formerly conducted by the Department of Public Works, a special Department of the Service was established to be known as the Department of Northern Development. (See 6, Geo. V, Cap. 10.) Mr. Chas. H. Fullerton, who had been formerly Director of this Branch, and in 1925 named Deputy Minister, was to continue in the capacity and to perform in addition to the duties in connection with Northern Development those per- taining to Colonization Roads. Another important amendment to the Public Lands Act (see 16 Geo. V, Cap. 8) was passed by the Legislature in 1926 under which provision was made for the appointment by Lieutenant-Governor in Council of a Deputy Minister of Forestry, whose duties comprise those related to and connected with reforestation, forest protection, forest research and investigation. Mr. E. J. Zavitz, Provincial Forester, was appointed Deputy Minister of Forestry and is now functioning in this capacity. In consequence of the above changes the following report omits such information dealing with Northern Development as past Reports recorded and naturally divides itself into two parts: — Part One — covering The Department of Lands and Forests proper and Part Two the Forestry Branch of the De- partment. Part One is essentially both collecting and spending in its character and embraces all land operations in their diversified form, including settlement and disposition of land for a variety of purposes, Crown Surveys, Water Powers, Timber Sales, Logging and Lumbering Operations, Pulp and Paper Industry, Timber Cruising and Accounting. Part Two is spending in its nature and specifically applies to those services operated under the head of Forestry. These include Forest Fire Protection, Air Operations, Reforestation and Forest Investigation. [71 REPORT OF THE No. 3 LAND TRANSACTIONS Settlement Normal activity continued in land settlement throughout the fiscal year just closed. While the acreage sold for settlement purposes was less, to a certain extent than the preceding year, the actual purchases increased, largely within the area traversed by the Transcontinental Railway. The unit of farm holdings having been reduced from 160 to 80 acres in the Great Clay Belt accounts for the decrease in acreage. The departure in thus allotting land was induced by a desire to promote more intensive cultiva- tion, encourage more compact settlement and a greater measure of community life. Although some criticism has been offered to this policy it is confidently expected that these anticipated results will materialize and a more economic method of road building and local improvements will accrue to the advantage of the Province and the pioneer agricultural communities. Certain group settlements established in the Clay Belt along the Trans- continental and in the northwest part of the Province, referred to in last year's report, continue to make progress and are already taking steps to enlarge the circle of colonization within their respective zones by inviting relatives and friends to migrate from other climes and share the lot of their earlier pioneer brethren. Their lands being well covered with pulp and the markets of th«e world being opened to the bona-fide settler, afford golden opportunities to secure ready money in the early stages of clearing and cultivating land. Their lot is made more easy through the Government's system of making loans for the purchase of seed grain and farm stock and otherwise granting assistance by establishing experimental farms and making substantial grants for education and certain legitimate public enterprises. The hardy settlers of the newer districts are now brought in to closer touch with the seat of government through contact with the Supervisor of Settlement, whose regular visits conduce to a better understanding of the needs of the different sections. Several propositions have been submitted and considered during the year for the establishment of new settlements on a colony basis. Recognizing that the future growth and assured industrial and commercial prosperity is dependent upon a steady increase in population, the Government is prepared to encourage the right type of immigrant and place him on land where, with a reasonable application of the principles of industry and thrift, he will succeed in hewing out and building up a real permanent home. Checking System Precautionary measures are regularly taken to ensure an adequate ful- fillment of the settlement regulations and although "Eternal Vigilance" is a recognized watch term with official inspectors, certain individuals under the guise of colonizing go into possession of land and in wholesale fashion strip the pulpwood therefrom. Systematic checking both on work done and in issuing clearances on a holdback co-operative system with purchasers is proving an effective remedy. Just penalties in each case are discouraging the pulp- wood pirate and bringing to the Crown a revenue to which it is properly en- titled. All legitimate settlers in their wood operations are duly protected and afforded every facility within reason of securing early clearances to enable them to market their pulpwood. 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 9 Clergy Lands During the year there were sold 320 acres for $202.50 and there was col- lected on sales of previous years $242.61, making a total collection of $445. IL Common School Lands There were no sales of these lands during the past year but there was col- lected on account of previous years' sales — $1,962.3L University Lands The number of acres of these lands sold during the year was 657.44 for $328.35 and there was collected on account of sales of previous years $41L60, making total collections of $739.95. Crown Lands The total acreage sold for agricultural, townsite and tourist purposes during the year was 86,220.10 acres for $106,446.81, and there was collected on account of sales of previous years $6,658.22, making total collections of $113,105.03. The total number of acres leased for various purposes was 38,507.27 for $10,136.58 and there was collected on lands leased in previous years $104,470.14, making a total collection of $114,606.72. (See Appendix No. 3.) Military Grants During the year twelve certificates were surrendered and two patents were issued. Under the Act approximately 13,998 certificates were issued and of these 1,033 are still outstanding. The above has no reference to the special privilege accorded returned Canadian overseas soldiers of the Great War, who are entitled to acquire, free of charge, a farming location in Northern Ontario, subject, however, to all settlement regulations. Fifty-nine returned men took advantage of this oppor- tunity during the year. Because of failure to comply with the regulations, sixty-seven, previously located under these regulations, forfeited their locations, which is an improvement on the previous year when seventy-two locations were cancelled. Tourist Lands The influx of summer visitors or tourists to our provincial parks and quiet retreats continues to grow. With our improved highways, well stocked lakes, wooded reserves and attractive stopping places, the tourist is becoming better acquainted. The great Algonquin Park, the Mecca of visitors annually from many lands, has a large patrol staff of efficient rangers and guides to see that law and order are duly enforced and to extend courtesy to and co-operate with transients within the Park limits At Rondeau Park, in Kent County, over 250 cottages are constantly occU' pied for the summer months and of these a large percentage is from our American friends to the south. Facing the lake on one side, with beautiful Rondeau Bay on the other, and a stately mixed growth of timber between, this park of 7,000 10 REPORT OF THE No. 3 acres is a most entrancing spot. The red deer, Canada goose, wild turkey and other forms of wild life, as well as a gorgeous array of domesticated pheasants, delight the daily visitor. Those seeking the long, solitary canoe route retreats with abundance of all forms of wild animal and game life, take to Quetico Park in the District of Rainy River, on the Minnesota border. Here the game fish are found in copious numbers and the densest stands of towering white pines. Lakes without number beckon the health seeker, the summer traveller, the camper, the angler or the hunter — Timagami in Nipissing, Ramsay in Sudbury, Remi in Cochrane, Lake of the Woods in Kenora, and a host of others in the Districts of Algoma, Thunder Bay, and Patricia. There is no portion of this continent so lavishly endowed by N^ure for the satisfaction of human desires as Ontario, who with open arms ever extends an invitation to all to enjoy its charms. (For tourist sales see Appendix No. 12.) Reserved Areas Special consideration has been given to the necessity of centralizing settle- ment and discouraging the practice of applying for farming areas in remote sections and in zones more adapted to mining, forestry or other purposes. In- tensive efforts are being directed along lines of actually segregating areas for their exclusive retention for forest development. Many of the old areas in certain parts opened years ago for farming, without any scientific or systematic investigation to determine their potentialities, have been in whole or in part acquired and abandoned. Isolated settlement throughout such areas is still, under exacting conditions, being attempted, but the general results are not encouraging. To attempt any system of transplanting indigent settlers to more pro- ductive areas would incur problems difficult of solution, notwithstanding the obvious justification of such action. Yet the importance of the subject war- rants careful survey on the part of the Government with a view to providing means of saving future generations from similar consequences. It may be found necessary to acquire occupied pockets or isolated lots of semi-productive land in townships more conducive to production of timber than farm wealth and then hold such townships for the particular purpose of natural reforestation. It is worthy of note that sane measures have been adopted and wise prac- tices followed for some time in the Department in dealing with requests for locations in doubtful sections, and in this way the practical exemption of large tracts of land from the operation of the Sale Regulations is made more easy. Provision is being made for extending our line of inquiry and collating additional data upon which reservations may be made and adequate restrictions fixed. Departmental officials in outlying sections and those through whom appeals are so insistently presented for individual lots or for the opening of certain areas generally conceded to be primarily unfit for agriculture, will be especially asked to suppress local prejudices and visual ze the problem from a provincial point of view. Much is heard during this great post-war reconstruction periodof stabilizing the standard of currency in certain countries. No finer opportunity of permanently stabilizing Ontario finances lies than in perpetuating her timber wealth by rigidly enforcing the policy of retaining burnt-over and untillable sections for rehabilitation by Nature and, where necessary, by artificial planting. Hereafter greater consideration shall be given to the so-called wood lot applica- tion, which is so often made apparently for the exclusive gradual use of the 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 11 individual settler, who, after acquiring possession, entirely denudes it of the timber and then abandons it. Some working arrangement may have to be followed by which limited cordage may be had on reasonable terms by real substantial settlers. Pasture lots are not infrequently acquired as such and later on exploited for the little timber or wood thereon. Bona fide ranchers or settlers are equitably treated and need have no fear of being discriminated against, but the land grabber, under the affected air of a hardy toiler of the soil, will be more carefully considered and his application hereafter more intim- ately scrutinized. The withdrawal of a given area from sale and allocating it for a provincial forest does not exempt its use for recreational purposes such as hunting, fishing, summering, etc. Reasonable opportunities will be afforded those in pursuit of pleasure and health to obtain parcels by license or lease within certain restricted zones. In segregating and setting areas aside as provincial forest reserves the Department aims: (1) To provide protection for, and maintenance of, growing timber under advanced scientific management. (2) To foster the growth of timber areas adapted for such and not suitable for agriculture. (3) To conserve the source of our water supply for hydro power and other purposes. (4) To protect the wild life of the Province and produce breeding grounds for surrounding areas. (5) To furnish opportunities for uninterrupted nature study and experi- mental forestry. (6) To enlarge the health and recreation centres of the Province. (7) In short, to aid Nature in perpetuating her wealth that it may be judiciously developed for the benefits of present and future generations. Surveys and Watp:r Powers Important township outlines and base and meridian lines were run in the northwest part of the Province. The Red Lake mining trek, with its consequent myriad of recorded claims and possible additional interest in contiguous terri- tory later on, caused very substantial surveys to be undertaken the past summer. Expectations with regard to the aerial photography to be undertaken by the Topographical Survey Branch of the Department of Interior in collaboration with ground control parties of our Survey Service were not fully realized; yet important work of this character was carried on in the northwestern part of the Province by the Dominion Government, particularly in the Red Lake, Woman Lake, and Lake Nipigon sections. The aerial photographic mapping was carried on in co-operation with the geological and survey divisions of Ontario. Important survey lines were run and ground controls established by Ontario in the Quetico Park region in Rainy River District under the directions of the Survey Branch and this ground work will, it is expected, be utilized the coming flying season by Dominion engineers in extending their aerial photography and .direct mapping of countless lakes and other information for the service of the public. (See Appendices Nos. 15 to 28.) 12 REPORT OF THE No. 3 A number of prime areas suitable for summer purposes were subdivided, valued and listed for sale, and these areas will be catalogued in a new publication to be issued the coming summer. The water power industry of Ontario, the result of the extended vision and engineering skill of her own public men, has reached tremendous proportions, the Hydro-Electric System, based on the principle of public ownership and power at cost, being world-wide in its reputation. These natural power resources are under the jurisdiction of this Department and the policy is to regard them as the inalienable right of the people. Consequently no powers are sold, the Crown merely leasing them under terms and conditions compatible with the situations obtaining and the necessity of developing our natural wealth. In addition to the programme followed by the Hydro Commission during the past year, covering the enlargement of Nipigon plant to 72,000 horsepower and negotiations for Gatineau power, developments were commenced by the Spruce Falls Company at Smoky Falls on the Mattagami River some sixty miles north from Kapuskasing on the Transcontinental, where approximately 70,000 horse- power will be provided. The Backus-Brooks interests have been proceeding to a development of some 37,000 horsepower on the Seine River in the Rainy River District, which will augment the supply of the Fort Frances Paper Mill, the capacity of which has been increased to 250 tons daily. Renewed interest has been shown in the power on the Michipicoten River in the Algoma District, where, due to an expected impetus in the mining district, demands for hydro-electric energy are growing. With the completion of the new installations now under construction, Ontario will continue to hold its high status as the power-producing province of Canada. Logging Industry The somewhat continued uncertain demand for and the keen outside com- petition in pine and spruce lumber was reflected in the cut for the last logging season. While building operations in varied localities showed healthy activity, lower grade material and imported western and southern products appreciably displaced Ontario's high grade red and white pine and spruce. Ontario operators in this class of timber, to protect themselves against the unstable market and the possibility of holding over large stocks that mean added carrying charges and uncontrollable overhead, naturally limited their bush output. Thus the pine cut (including jack pine) for the season just closed was less by 70,000,000 feet than for the preceding year, while the other classes of sawlogs were subject to a decrease of approximately 17,000,000 feet. There was also a noticeable decrease in the production of railway ties from Crown areas, only some 1,800,000 against 2,700,000 for the season of 1924-25. The general restrictions of such operations were seriously reflected in the timber revenue and at the present moment a survey of the conditions does not warrant the assurance of any sudden improvement. The consequence is that some hesitation is shown by certain large producers in entering upon very exten- sive operations. Others have decided for various reasons to refrain from putting gangs in the bush and to wait for less speculative periods. (See Appendix No. 8.) PuLPWooD Operations While timber operators found it necessary to restrict their cut the pulp- wood dealers and a number of limit holders increased their cordage over the previous year by 50 per cent , this increase assisting very materially in counter- acting the adverse effect of reduced operations in other lines. 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 13 The pulpwood industry, with its pulp and newsprint production, has done much towards improving international trade balances and giving a stability to Ontario commercial development. From now on the demand for pulpwood for home consumption must necessarily grow. The extension to present plants and the proposal for additional ones are vitalizing factors in maintaining the market for the settler and the small pulpwood limit holder, while the clear-cut policy of the Government, as indicated in new agreements to regularly allocate the areas and designate the size and type of timber to be cut, is conducive to permanency. Substantial additions are being made to the Fort Frances paper mills which mean doubling the output to 250 tons of paper daily. Important progress is being made at the head of the lakes around Port Arthur, Nipigon and Fort William, where the four outstanding firms. Provincial Paper Mills, Nipigon Corporation, Thunder Bay Company, and Fort William Paper Company, are making extensive additions which on completion will make this section probably the most important paper producing centre in the world. Under the agreements made, increases in capital investment at this point alone will total over $22,000,000; in employees over 1,300 in the mills *alone and over 7,000 in the bush. Then on the Transcontinental, the Spruce Falls Company have just com- pleted a logging railway and transmission right-of-way for sixty miles from the railway north to Smoky Falls, where they propose to develop hydro-electric power to run the paper mill at Kapuskasing, the capacity of which is being increased from 115 to 550 tons of newsprint per diem. The effect of such a huge development in this new section may be gauged when it is realized that this firm, when their extensions are completed and the mill in full operation, will employ no less than 700 men in and about the mill and 3,500 in the bush. During the past year the Howard Smith Paper Mills at Cornwall made large additions to their mill for increased production in the highest grade of note and writing paper and a variety of other products. This mill is one of the very few mills in Ontario consuming poplar pulpwood and the pioneer settler and the owner of poplar lots are finding a new outlet for this type of wood, the market for which has been most restricted. The Province is fully assured of the continued expansion of the great pulp and paper industry as the Government, in all its new agreements, has insisted on home production to the limit, every cord of our wood going into paper. Hand in hand with the constantly growing paper industry goes the harness- ing and developing of some of the important water powers of the newer parts of the Province, all of which powers remain the property of the Crown, leases covering their use amply protecting the public against monopolistic rates for municipal and individual purposes; railway tonnage is increased, the labour market improved, and a continued commercial prosperity guaranteed. Mill Licivnses Number of Mill Licenses issued October 31st, 1925, to October 31st, 1926 — 777. Of this number 499 paid no license fees, as the (lail\- capacity of the mills was less thrji 10,000 feet R.M. Of the remaining 278, 168 were for saw mills, 39 pulp and paper mills, 10 lath mills, 24 shingle mills, 2 veneer mills, 23 stave, heading and hoop mills, 3 tic mills, and 9 rossing mills. 14 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Timber Sales Exclusive of the pulp concessions proper, covered by special agreements in pursuance of advertised conditions and public competition, there were forty-four areas sold during the fiscal year; fifteen of these each contained one square mile or less, while the other twenty-nine aggregated 373 square miles. In this acreage practically every district was represented and every type of producer, from the white pine operator and tie maker to the lath man and pulp and paper manufacturer. White pine ranged in price from $6 to $16 per thousand feet B.M., jack pine from $2.50 to $18, the latter price being no doubt an inflated one. The jack pine bids were very substantial and gave evidence of the desire of tie operators to fill railway contracts. Pulpwood stumpage varied from simple dues of $1.40 a cord in the case of spruce to $3.95; balsam from $1 to $2.95; and other classes of pulpwood, poplar and jack pine from 40c. to 65c. (See Appendix No. 29.) The Hawk Lake Company acquired some sixty square miles in the Cochrane District on the Temiskaming & Northern Ontario Railway extension, where a sawmill is now in operation and the company will invest heavily in rossing plants and drum barkers. This industry will play an important part in pro- viding freight for this new portion of the Provincial Railway. The Beaver Wood & Fibre Company, with an enlarged paper outfit at Thorold, Ontario, secured the townships of Ottaway and Duff in Cochrane District on the Transcontinental Railway and will ship their wood over the Temiskaming & Northern Ontario Railway and other lines to their Thorold plant. New sawmills and drum barking installations in the vicinity of these townships are expected to result within the next year. Special pulpwood agreements were consummated between the Government and successful tenderers in outstanding instances. The poplar on an area of 350 square miles, partly in Sudbury, Timiskaming and Cochrane, was disposed of to C. Howard Smith for supplies to the Cornwall Paper Mill, where very important extensions have been made and plans are in progress for a more extended development involving varied products. (See Appendix No. 29.) The Spruce Falls Company augmented their previous holdings by securing new areas in the watersheds of the Kapuskasing, Ground Hog and Mattagami Rivers and have already taken advanced steps towards a huge expansion to meet their obligations. A huge water power development at Smoky Falls, a sixty-mile logging railway from the Falls to Kapuskasing and an ultimate daily output of 500 tons of paper have been assumed and in part already completed. The Nipigon Corporation, Limited, with plant at Nipigon, the Thunder Bay Company and Provincial Paper Mills, with plants at Port Arthur, and the Fort William Paper Company, Limited, with plant at Fort William, acquired separate and distinct cordage areas in the Nipigon watershed and have to date proceeded along lines of extending their industries in accordance with the stipulations laid down by the Crown. As announced in last year's report, which presaged the agreements, the expansion of the paper output will redound not only to the industrial and com- mercial progress of the regions immediately affected, but to the general pros- perity of the whole Province and the Dominion itself, because of the buoyancy it gives to international trade and the stability to the Canadian dollar. (See Appendices Nos. 30 to 35.) 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 15 Forest Cruising and Estimating All small aieas of township size offered for sale from time to time are inten- sively cruised and estimated by rangers, directly attached to the oflfices of the Crown Timber Agents, who are directed to show the type, quantities and qualities of the timber or wood thereon. Information on the cutting and driving possibilities is tabulated as a guide to the Department in fixing its upset price for competition. The large areas comprised in pulp concessions are carefully mapped by trained officials of the Forestry Branch, and the ground men, working in close conjunction with the air men, make systematic cruises and scientific calculations to determine the approximate cordage on a given area. Such work was con- tinued during the year and new regions were in detail mapped and estimated as to type, quantities and growth of the timber. The time saved by using the aerial mapping system in collaboration with ground foresters is an important factor in furnishing inventories of our resources. The Department may without fruitless effort intelligently consider industrial propositions on their own merits. The speculative feature of promotions is largely eliminated and sane business conclusions readily reached. (See Appendix No. 36.) r Forest Fire Protection The season as a whole was, like the two preceding seasons, particularly favourable for forest fire control. There were no really prolonged and serious periods of hazard so conducive to large fires, the rainfall throughout the summer months being great in frequency rather than in quantity and the staff was able to control most fires before any material loss was occasioned. The general public, too, is taking more interest in fire protection, resulting in the reporting of fires to the rangers and enabling them to extinguish many before getting beyond control. In the outlying regions of the Province the detection of fires was carried out largely through the use of aircraft and in the Red Lake mining area the transportation of fire fighters and fire-fighting equipment was done almost entirely by aircraft. The total area of land burned over was 88,374 acres, the smallest acreage since 1918. Of this amount 14.4 per cent, was timber land, 25.2 per cent, land which has been logged over, 32.7 per cent, second growth, and 27.7 per cent, barren and grass lands. Great quantities of slash, particularly in the Clay Belt region, were burned under permits issued by the fire rangers, very few of these permit fires getting beyond control. The supply of fire-fighting equipment was augmented by the purchase of additional fire-fighting units, tents, blankets, canoes, motor boats and motor trucks. In municipal fire protection speed in getting to a fire with up-to-date fire-fighting apparatus is an essential factor in fire control and this is no less true in forest fire protection. The total cost of forest protection for the year was somewhat less than in the previous year, the cost of actual fire fighting being half what it was in 1925. (See Appendix No. 36.) y 16 REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS No. 3 Reforestation The work at the three chief nurseries was carried on this year along broader lines, resulting in an increased output of nursery stock. The transplant nur- series at the Sand Banks and Kemptville have been restocked for local distri- bution. One new county forest was established and planting work begun. Seed collecting was the most successful in the history of the Department. Large quantities of native species are on hand for use in urgent reforestation projects. For a detailed report of this work. (See Appendix No. 36.) Revenue The forest resources provide by far the largest share of the revenue for the Department, over 90 per cent, of returns being directly due to the operations of the Woods and Forests Branch, the balance to land sales, leases, water power rentals, etc. The total amount collected was $4,494,720.03, less by half a million than that of the previous year, 1925, when the largest revenue in the history of the Department was collected. The difference was largely due to reduced cutting operations reflected in both the bonus and timber dues. The sale of lands accounted for $116,252.40, or 12 per cent, increase over the preceding year. Rentals brought $116,027.47, and miscellaneous items, including refunds, the remaining revenue. As the outlook for any increased production in the logging or lumbering industry during the ensuing year is not bright any addition to the revenue is not expected. A certain return is expected from the Provincial Land Tax Act, the first returns of which are due and payable on February 1st, 1927. (See Appendix No. 4.) Disbursements The total expenditures for the year totalled $2,453,731.84, which excludes those formerly covered in this report under the heading of Colonization Roads and Northern Development. While the Fire Ranging Service cost less by nearly $200,000 and Forest Ranging by over $35,000 and other services by lesser proportions, there were counteracting increases in other services. Surveys ran $27,000 higher, due to extra work in connection with the running of base and meridian lines in the newer portions of Northwest Ontario, particularly in the Quetico Reserve and the Patricia regions. Extra efforts towards removing fire hazards at strategic points and clearing townsites accounted for an increase of slightly over $16,000. Refund items comprising two large deposits on timber tenders, not accepted, enlarged the outlay under this vote by $56,000 over that of last year. Another exceptional expenditure of approximately $200,000 covered by a special war- rant, was required in connection with the return to the Government of two large townships held by the New Ontario Colonization Company, Limited. The agreement in respect of the.se townships followed a Court judgment declar- ing invalid the alleged cancellation by the Government of the original agreement made between the Company and the Province in 1912. For complete statement in itemized form of expenditures see Public Accounts. APPENDICES PART I. [17] 18 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Pi ^ 0) 2'= 2<=> oo ooo oo o o O O O O "^ o o O rj< oo 00 tJh ■* ro OO o lo lO o ooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooo •r-lTj<-rt0\0s'^'*'*'*fN •O lO -^ CN •.-I ■.-1 —I ro T-l ro CN «M CS CN CN tN ■. 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C be -I—, O 3 >> . c > O) *j 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 23 Appendix No. 3 Statement of Lands Sold and Leased. Amount of Sales and Leases and Amount of Collections for the year ending October 31st, 1926. Service Acres sold and Leased Amount of Sales and Leases Collections on Sales, Leases, Land, Taxes, etc. Lands Sold: Agricultural and Townsites 86,220.10. 320 "657;44 38,421.70 85.57 $ c. 106,446 81 202 50 "32835 9,201 58 935 00 $ c. 113 105 03 Clergy Lands 445 11 Common School Lands 1,962 31 University Lands 739 95 Lands Leased: Crown 111,744 47 Temagami 2,862 25 8 00 Sand and Gravel Provincial Land Tax 1,412 75 Less Revenue Refunds, Appendix No. 5 125,704.81 $117,114 24 $232,279 87 5,488 36 125,704.81 $117,114 24 $226,791 51 24 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 4 Statement of Revenue of the Department of Lands and Forests for the year ending October 31st, 1926. Service $ c. $ c. $ c. Land Collections Crown Lands: Agricultural 72,466 67 40,638 36 113,105 03 3,147 37 Townsites Clergy Lands 445 11 1,962 31 739 95 Common School Lands University Lands 116,252 40 Rent: Crown Leases 100,865 13 4,055 73 6,201 00 166 54 456 07 2,862 25 8 00 1,412 75 1,381,055 59 2,335,941 32 104,748 99 306,119 51 5,001 39 834 37 Algonquin Provincial Park Rondeau Provincial Park Bruce Beach ■ Jordan Harbour Temagami Lessee Sand and Gravel Provincial Land Tax Woods and Forests Bonus 116,027 47 Timber Dues Ground Rent Fire Protection Mill License Fees 4,133,701 17 Parks: Algonquin Provincial Park 7,854 72 118 47 6,974 82 Rondeau Provincial Park Quetico Provincial Park 14,948 01 Casual Fees 2,644 80 177 00 Forest Reserves, Guides' Fees 2,821 80 Refunds Contingencies 38 94 40 96,721 19 7,882 27 1,167 98 5,158 40 Clearing Townsites Forest Ranging Reforestation Surveys 110,969 18 4,494,720 03 8,251 09 4,486,468 94 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 25 Appendix No. 5 Statement of Revenue Refunds of the Department of Lands and Forests for the year ending October 31st, 1926 Service Bonus and Timber Dues Mill License Fees Forest Ranging — Scalers' Wages, Crown Lands Sales Algonquin Park — Rent Bruce Beach — Rent , Licenses of Occupation — Rent. . . Casual Fees , 1,719 23 11 00 1,031 SO 3,946 69 50 00 234 89 1,256 78 1 00 8,251 09 26 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 6 Statement of Receipts of the Department of Lands and Forests for the year ending October 31st, 1926, which are considered as Special Funds Service Clergy Lands: Principal Interest . Common School Lands: Principal Interest University Lands: Principal Interest 246 45 198 66 956 1,005 99 32 512 227 95 00 445 11 1,962 31 739 95 3,147 37 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 27 Appendix No. 7 Statement of Disbursements of the Department of Lands and Forests for the year ending October 31st, 1926. Service $ c. Agents' Salaries and Disbursements Algonquin Provincial Park Allowance School Section, South Walsingham. Allowance School Section, Township of Vespra Board of Surveyors Clearing Townsites and Removing Fire Hazards Contingencies Display at Toronto Exhibition Fire Ranging . POOREST Ranging Forest Reserves Grant to Canadian Forestry Association Insurance Legal Fees and Expenses Moving Expenses of Officials Ottawa Agency QuETico Provincial Park Reforestation Refunds — Miscellaneous Rondeau Provincial Park Surveys Unforseen and Unprovided Veterans' Commutation Workmen's Compensation Special Warrants New Ontario Colonization Co Statutory: Keefer, F. H 99,454 22 35,745 93 150 00 250 00 200 00 42,119 90 72,514 32 2,598 52 992,860 73 407,279 28 4,620 95 3,000 00 5,367 36 5,100 00 147 92 2,636 82 15,905 20 206,335 29 102,207 68 9.298 69 99,725 99 1,416 80 650 00 646 52 198,284 75 2,604 08 2,311,120 95 28 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix Forestry Statement of Timber and Amounts accrued from Timber Dues, Ground Rent, Quantity and Area covered by timber licenses Saw Logs PROVINCE OF Red and White Pine Jack Pine Other Logs ONTARIO Square Miles Pieces Feet Pieces Feet Pieces Feet 1 8,096 J< 4,695.671 192,810,559 3,991,296 66,694,775 2,402,892 63,528.694 STATEMENT OF TIMBER PROVINCE OF ONTARIO Lath- wood Cedar Posts Telegraph Poles Pulpwood Railway Ties Waney Pine Lagging Cords Pieces Pieces Cords Pieces Pieces Cubic Feet Pieces 2,182 83,009 13,471 642,774 1,827,496 3,307 183,754 2,171 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 29 No. 8. Branch Fire Protection and Bonus, etc., during the year ending 31st October, 1926 Description of Timber Boom and Dimension Timber Cordwood Tan- Red and White Pine Jackpine Other Hard Soft bark Pieces Feet Pieces Feet Pieces Feet Lineal Feet Board Measure Cords Cords Cordt 36.951 6.344,688 12,431 1,154,391 21.209 2,023,630 77.987 762.256 6.957 49.526 3.111 —Concluded Amounts Accrued Timber Dues Bonus Trespass Interest on Dues and Bonus Ground Rent Transfer Fees Fire Tax Mill License Fees Annual Bonus Total Accruals S c. 1,716.637 16 % c. 1.479,996 95 $ c. 61.926 92 $ c. 114.418 97 $ c. 111,256 48 $ c. 5.001 39 $ c. 311.497 02 » c. 834 37 $ c. 6.860 00 $ c 3.746.502 34 Note — Total amount receired from all Forest Sources $4,133,701.17 See Appendix No. 9. 30 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 9 Statement of Revenue collected during the year ending October 31st, 1926; Timber Dues $2,335,941 32 Bonus 1,381,055 59 Fire Protection 306,119 51 Ground Rent 104,748 99 Transfer Fees 5,001 39 Mill License Fees 834 37 $4,133,701 17 Timber Dues $2,117,980 73 Int. Timber Dues 100,260 59 Timber Sale Deposits 117,700 00 $2,335,941 32 Bonus 1,381,055 59 Fire Protection 306,1 19 51 Ground Rent $104,071 09 Int. Ground Rent 677 90 104,748 99 Transfer Fees 5,001 39 Mill License Fees 834 37 $4,133,701 17 Appendix No. 10 Acreage Under License The area covered by Timber Licenses where the holder pays Regulation Ground Rent and Fire Charges, at the end of the fiscal year, 1926, was 18,0963^ square miles. The number of Crown Timber Licenses issued for the license season of 1925-26 was 964. 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORP:STS 31 Appendix No. 11 Statement showing the number of Locatees and of acres located; of purchasers and of acres sold; of lots resumed for non-performance of the settlement duties; and of patents issued in Free Grant Townships during the year ending 31st October, 1926. Agent c2i -a o < (U u 3 Oh 2 tn < •a c u o c XI 6 3 < 2-s C 3 •T3 Township District or County C i < Baxter Brunei Muskoka « « « u « « « « « u u « « « Haliburton. . . . Muskoka « « Parry Sound. . . « « « « « « « « « « « « « i< Parry Sound. . . . « « U « « W. G. Gerhart, Bracebridge. . « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « Miss I. M. Camp- bell, Parry Sound « « « « « « « « « « u « « Dr. J. S. Freeborn, Maganetawan. . 1 1 5 100 1 78 3 83 278 3 522 Cardwell 3 361 Chaffey 1 99 2 300 Draper Franklin 200 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 2 2 121 Freeman 163 227 Macaulay 52 Medora 221 Morrison 134 2 330 99 Muskoka 255 McLean 88 Oakley 310 Ridout 1 145 212 99 177 Ryde 298 Sherbourne. . . . Sinclair Stephenson . . . . 2 1 368 100 300 100 2 2 1 1 200 201 Stisted 177 Wood 1 3/10 2 219 100 300 196 Watt 1 1 100 200 Blair « Burpee Carling 1 13 1 1 213 Christie 1 178 100 232i Conger Cowper Ferguson 1 2 1 100 Foley 265 Hagerman 39 165 Herweg Humphrey McConkey. . . . McDougall. . . . 2 200 10 t 438 ..138i 1 1 100 100 McKellar McKenzie. . . . . 1 72- 3 "(327 ,954 3 3 2 2 1 379 Monteith 1 99 379 Wilson 200 Chapman 1 2 4 1 1 2 82 200 492 100 198 261 261 Croft « « K > « M 1 3 1 3 ioo 301 197 297 123 c;urd. ......... 1 Lount. . : ; . . .'. . 2 4 3 322 Machar 592 Mills : ... 549 Pringle RyerSoh 1 200 1 1 2 200 Spence . . . . I . . . 100 Strong ....'.... ^ 1 54 1 200 322 Z2 REPORT OF THE Appendix No. 11 — Continued Township District or County Agent 1 (0 1 1 o c to « Oh 1 a CD "• ■M . « m David Thaw, Emsdale M « u u u M « u W. J. Parsons, North Bay 2 193 3 2 301 237 2 286 Joly 1 100 4 2 901 McMurrich 1 3 3081 Hardy Himsworth . . . . Laurier Nipissing 1 4 i "■i9* 1 3 1 16 3 233 1 2 1 99i 1 1 5 101 100 499 6 1 3 700 100 399 3 1 11 3 1 400 218 105 316 Bonfield 1 1 2 3 81 100 333 270 232i Roiilter u M R. H. Baker, Minden 1 102 2 4 208 Ferris 3 300 . 569 Anson Glamorgan .... (( u u M u u Wm. Hales, Apsley 1 142 1 1 1 3 1 4 1 100 102 Lutterworth . . . Minden Snowden Anstruther. . . . 1 100 . 1 1 1 2 98 95 198 324 35 321 1 198 . 117 218 100 Burleigh, N.D.. Chandos Methuen Cardiff u M A. N. Wilson, Kinmount 1 100 . . •.••^.• 1 4Ho 1 100 5 2 528 205 1 195 Cavendish Gaiway Monmouth .... Bangor u u u David Fuller, Bancroft M M « U M a a u n a M a Frank Blank, Wilno 2 128 3 6 1 1 - 1 1 1 729 1 1 1 171 . 84 . 1 171 888 100 Carlow Cashel Dungannon Faraday Herchei Limerick 92 . 1 92 303 100 4 1 2 1 445 . 99 200 . 100 i "ioi"' i 'e ■ 3 4 1 319i 404 100 ZOO 144 2 1 1 1 106 150 Monteagle McClure Wicklow Wollaston Algona South . . Brudenell 2 1 • 1 197 198 196i 1 4 1 28 2 111 2 1 197 198 96i 200 2 6 5 2 198 5 2 500 . 167i. S 1 450 661 f51 Hftgarty lonw u m 61J US 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 33 Appendix No. 11 — Continued Township District or County Agent TJ •o m V) "U in 0) — ' 4) 3 CU < D-, in 0) O C -a 0) I: 3 C 3 flj ifi < Ol, Lyell Lyndoch Matawatchan. . Radcliffe Raglan Richards Sebastopol Sherwood Algona North. . Alice Buchanan Eraser Head Mara Petawawa Rolph Wilber force. . . . Wylie (Pt.).... Calvin Cameron Pt . . . Lauder Mattawan Papineau Park Prince Cialbraith I -efroy Aberdeen Hilton Jocelyn [Baldwin Merritt Blake Conmee ( "rooks Dawson Rd. . . . Dorion r.illies ( ■orham I.ybster Marks McCregor Mclntyre Oliver O'Connor Paipoonge.N.R 2 L.F. Renfrew. Renfrew. Nipissing. Algoma . Frank Blank, Wilno Algon^a Algoma « Sudbury Thunder Bay. Finlay Watt, Pembroke . J. A. Fink, Mattawa. Thomas Dean, Sault Ste. Marie . Albert Grigg, Bruce Mines. W. J. Trainor, Hilton Beach. Edward Arthurs, Espanola S. H. Wilson, Port Arthur. 250 198 100 240 217 479^ 45 70 359 100 99 241 209 303 657 158 359 200 463^ 154 777 384i 230 418 320 79 986^ 239^ 1425 323 160i 3 ioo 100 100 100 67 82 158 28 75 86^ 70^ 165i 157i 1,071 208 100 315 251 45 70 95 100 199 248 319 361 500 520 156^ 517 200 160 216^ 150 263 476 24U 170 319 475 163 160^ 34 REPORT OF THE Appendix No. .11 — Continued Township District or County Agent 04 -a o 4) < U3 U OJ E si < 4) 5 Oh -a c V 4.1 OS < Paipoonge, S.R. Thunder Bay. . « « « « « Rainy River . . . « « « « « « « (( <( (( « « « « « « « « <( <( (( « « « « « « « « « Kenora « « « « « « « « S. H. Wilson, Port Arthur. . . . Pardee 1 7 3 3 7 28 160 l,135i 396 382 905^ 4,142i 1 6 1 12 1 2 152=^00 959^ Pearson « « (( Wm. Cameron, Stratton 1 8 6 6 10 174 l,039i 959 746i 1,107 Scoble Sterling 2 160 148 l,700i 162^ 458^ Strange Ware 1 2 2i 85 Atwood Blue « « « « « « « « « u « « « « « J. E. Gibson, Dryden « « « M « « « « « 5 1 5 677 162 736^ 2 1 81 2 6 2 11 796 322 1,578 1 2 1 Curran Dewart 285 162 Dilke Morley 1 119 Morson 8 11 6 1 3 l,233i 1,475 797 155 413J 18 12 2,432f 1,4245^ McCrosson Nelles '. . 1 1 2 1 40 80 4 21 1 3 2 1 80 282 Pattrlo Pratt 2 7 239^ 1017^ 323 181 Roseberry Shenston 1 2 3 1 2 2 177 Sifton 15 5 16 4 5 1,830 471f 1,928 553 640 2 I 1 97i 84i 43 12 6 11 7 9 1,827-J 870f 1,711 792 1,416-2 336 Spohn Sutherland. . . . Tait 575i 160 214 Tovell 476 Worthington. . . Aylsworth Barwick Burriss 2 320 2 360^ 1 159 Carpenter Crozier 1 6 1 40i 879A 401 Dance Devlin 1 10 10 l,562f 2 329 Dobie 1 h 248^ Fleming 2 9 2 293i l,487i 2021 Kingsford 10 1 3 2 1,697^ 162 416 302i Lash 1 1 2 15 Mo Mather 2 mh Miscampbell. . . 3 1 9 373 160i 1,486^ Potts Richardson .... 8 1,315 1 160 Roddick Woodyatt 1 4 9 1 82 636 1,395 159^ 1 5 13 4 82 785 2,058 556 Aubrey Britton 3 32 4 1 6 571 160i 842 Eton Gamey Langton Melgund Mutrie Revell 1 15 1 1481 2,522| 156§ 1 1 1 32 76 2 5 3 1 762 4691 156i 1 160 4 592^ Redvers 1 10 5 5 10 131 1,427 800 564i l,379i 3 6 5 3 5 449 954 729 473i 800§ Rowell 4 2 4 1 470i 240i 556i 161 Rugby Sanford South worth. . . . 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS Appendix No. 11 — Concluded Township District or County Agent II < u (U nj JS w u 3 CL, 2 "o < o c i" Oj (U '^ Ol, -a e < ?1 CL, 13 <=> 3 . rt . c o-f, O f1 O (U z ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Blount. .... Brower. . . . ^ Calder Clute. Colquhoun. . Fox Fournier. . . . Fauquier. . . . Glackmeyer. Kennedy . . . Leitch Lamarche. .:. Machin Newmarket. Pyne ....... Shackleton. . Barker Casgrain. . . . Devitt Eilber. . Hanlan. .... Kendall..... Lowther. . . O'Brien Nansen ..... McCrea .... Owens Idingtpn. . Williainson. Bayley Blain Catharine. '■ . Chamberlain Dack Eby Evanturel . . Ingram Marter Marquis. . . . Otto Pacaud Pense Robillard. . . Savard Truax. ..... Davidson. . . Gross. Sharpe Cochrane Cochrane Cochrane Temiskaming S. J. Dempsay, Cochrane John Bresnahan, Hearst H. E. Sheppard, Kapuskasing Jos. Woollings, Englehart 2,811^ 320 2,785 150 734 316 76 687 149 894 474 1,050 939 1,200 81 972 576 3,373 2,325 748^ 1,279 1.421 537 825^ 7,058i 1,803 7,819 4,554 80 3191 159i 319* 616J 80 24U 639^ 236i 33U 162 560 376^ 4,063 1,003 1,378 803 1,272 300 435 300 1,606 159 150 1,542 1,996 475 602 1,525 1,200 1,942 1,268 2,349 235 1,200 900 1,545 1,766 1,252 8101 280i 7891 475 480 316 1,723^ 935§ 475 i 1,445^ "656i 1462i 2. 1,132 156 1,934 82 162 754 1,658 150 151 1,173 482 '702 325 859 438 688 1,023 143 2,007.20 143 95 91 1,004 382.39 250 680^ 438i 1591 130^ 160 282 320i 160 640 156^ 157i 48.09 166'"' 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 37 Appendix No. 12 — Continued Township District or County Agent tn I-, o o'o O tn 1" |S3 o 3 o d S2 en o a> Benoit Beatty Bond Temiskaming. . . . Cochrane J. A. Hough, Matheson « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « J. R. McCrea, New Liskeard « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « Mark Morgan, Elk Lake « Neil J. McAulay, Haileybury John Brown, Markstay « J. P. Marchildon, Sturgeon Falls J. P. Marchildon, Sturgeon Falls W. J. Parsons, North Bay 557 355 7 3 2 228 2 2 2 347 313 « « « « « « « « « « « 3 4 2 470 641 295 323 Bowman Calvert 544 5 3 9 6 472 Carr 1,177 Clergue Currie 167 79 272 299 628 82 2 1 3 4 7 1 756 5 2 12 16 3 6 2 8 1 7 1 12 641 304 1,800 2,417 415 989 400 1,217 162 1,109 151 1,847 Dundonald Evelyn German 2 330 Hislop Matheson 2 378 Mountjoy McCart 228 703 2 8 5 3 1 2 6 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 581 451 Playfair 160 Stock 321 4 229 Taylor 741 Walker 73 150 313 1 1 2 325 Armstrong Temiskaming. . . . « « « « « « « « « « « « « « Temiskaming. . . . Temiskaming .... Nipissing « « Nipissing Sudbury Nipissing « 160 Auld 7 6 1 14 1 1,068 959 130 2,234 161 161 Beauchamp 161 Brethour 158 Bryce 320 Cane 477 Casey 159 Dymond 73 Firstbrook 5 1 667 160 318 Harley 160 239 80 80 2 2 1 1 80 Hen wood 314 Harris 159 Hilliard 1 1 1 13 2 160 134 80 2,078 317 160 Hudson Kerns 158 243 121 40 1 3 1 1 1 158 Lundy Tudhope 1 150 James Smyth 8 11 1,259 1,633 Lorrain Hugel 1 170 Loudon 642 1,443 154 192 1,921 969 4 9 1 1 12 7 Loughrin 3 493 Scollard Mason 1 4 8 192 Phelps 7 10 1,126 1,524 Widdifield 714 1,006 38 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 12 — Continued Township District or County Agent O tn . ^ 1" •^^ en ^ O o . c O rt tn *- C O ^ cutting produced a natural sky-line which we have no doubt would be readily discernible from the air under proper conditions. "Points used last year by Dominion Land vSurveyor Christie, in traversing the water route between Carroll and Red Lakes, were tied in by us and are recorded in the notes of our 60th and 66th miles. In general, however, his traverse lay considerably to the south of our line. The aerial photographs from flights FA 64 anf FA 65 of the R.C.A.F. covered, for the most part, an area somewhat south of the base line, and we 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 59 found it impossible to distinguish on many of the photographs any of the physical features crossed by our line. We have, however, marked on a number of them the position of our work. "The topographical survey maps of Red Lake district and the preliminary blue print based on O.L.S. Christie's traverse and aerial photographs were found very accurate, greatly facilitating the handling of supplies. This was especially true from Pipestone Bay westward, as none of the Indians of Red Lake seemed to be familiar with the water routes between Pipestone Bay and the boundary line. "The total chainage of the line to the point where it intersected the Manitoba boundary was ninety-six miles, forty-one chains and seventy links. "The boundary was reached on August 12th, and the party returned to the railway at Hudson via Red Lake, reaching the track on the 19th day of the month. In the general, the summer was perhaps somewhat more rainy than the average, although the latter part of July and the early part of August were hot and dry. General Features "No outstanding topographical feature dominates the territory crossed by our line, unless the straggling expanse of Red Lake could be considered to do so. Ridges and low hills succeed one another with considerable regularity, but none of them rises to any great height. The surface is broken rather than rugged, for the glaciers have done their work of grinding off the mountain tops very thoroughly. Innumerable lakes dot the landscape. Many of these are of great beauty and some of considerable extent. West of Trout Lake the line crossed a long ridge which apparently is the natural dam containing the waters of that lake, and descended into a broad valley, broken, of course, by minor ridges which extended to within a few miles of Red Lake. In the valley we found a considerable area of clay soil. Observations while on our way in to the line, and later, would lead us to believe that there is a clay belt extending from north of our line well to the south, and that eventually the section will be developed for agricultural purposes. "East of Trout Lake, and from Red Lake to the boundary, the country traversed by us depends for its value on its timber, its beauty, and its fish and game. From about four miles east of the east bay of Red Lake until we crossed the ridge west of Slate Bay, we found the country completely staked by pro- spectors, and on a number of claims exploration work was being vigorously prosecuted. Except in this one section the rock encountered was granite. Soil "As stated above, between Red and Trout Lakes there is an area which will no doubt be eventually developed for farming purposes. East and west of this, however, we crossed no considerable stretch of agricultural land, finding only a few narrow valleys where the soil promises any return for cultivation. Timber "Comparatively little of the areas along the line could be classified as burnt. On the other hand, not much of the timber is yet old enough for com- mercial use. Jack pine predominates, with perhaps a third of the forest con- sisting of spruce. Poplar and birch are mostly small and are found in limited quantities. Black ash was noted in a swamp near Red Lake, but cedar was not 60 REPORT OF THE No. 3 encountered anywhere on the Hne. Apparently a very extensive fire, or series of fires, about forty years ago, cleared most of the timber from this country, and it is only where the forest was protected by open water or extensive swamps that mature wood is now standing. The new growth, however, is vigorous and seems free from disease. Provided it escapes further visitation by fire, there should be a valuable stand of jack pine and spruce in a comparatively few years more. Rock "The line crossed Red Lake slightly north of Mackenzie Island, and from about four miles east of East Bay to the vicinity of Mile 45, Keewatin intrusions were noted in the rock. This section has, of course, been receiving a great deal of attention from prospectors for the past year or so, and has been mapped geologically by the Department of Mines. Along the remainder of the line nothing was seen to suggest the possibility of economic minerals, the country rock being entirely granite. Water Powers "The line intersected only two river valleys of any importance whatever the Trout Lake system being crossed at Otter Lake, and the Chukini River crossed at Red Lake. These are relatively small streams, although, owing to the large lake areas, they are capable of admirable control. Trout Lake is considerably higher than Red Lake, and there is consequently more power available on the Trout River than on the Chukini. Canoe Routes "There is now a regular service for passengers and freight from the Canadian National Railways at Hudson to Pine Ridge, and a motor boat service from that point to Snake Falls, at the head of Pawkwash Lake. From Pawkwash Lake to Bear Lake, to Trout Lake and to Red Lake, we found the canoe routes excellent, with portages relatively short and well cut out. Between Red Lake and the boundary we utilized the canoe route traversed last year by D.L.S. Christie. This route is apparently little travelled west of the point where the route to the Bloodvein River branches off. As the route in a general way paralleled our line, however, we found it very useful, and for the most part reasonably easy. We considered heading for the railway southward along the boundary from the end of our line, and were assured by some that there was a first-class route in that direction. We could locate no guide, however, and owing to the immense number of lakes and bays in which much time might be lost, we thought it best to retrace our way to the railway via Red Lake. Fish and Game "Moose, caribou and red deer were seen during the summer, and were fairly plentiful. Very few beaver signs were noticed, and we understood that not many are trapped in the area. Muskrats were extremely plentiful in a number of the streams near the boundary. Of the other fur-bearing animals it is difficult to judge in the summer. Partridge seem to have had a bad season or two, and were very scarce. Rabbits, on the other hand, were plentiful, especi- ally from Red Lake eastward. The members of the party made fine catches of trout in Trout Lake and elsewhere, and there was generally no difficulty in keeping the party supplied with fish when on the larger lakes. 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 61 Appendix No. 23 Report by Ontario Land Surveyors Phillips and Benner, dated 1926, of base and meridian lines in the district of Rainy River. "We have to report that in accordance with instructions issued by your department dated March 23rd, 1926, we have surveyed certain base and meridian lines in the district of Rainy River. "The iron post planted by O.L.S. Henry DeQ. Sewell in 1888 at a distance of fifteen miles seventy-six chains and seventy-two links west from the district line between Thunder Bay and Rainy River on his base line was located and a base line run west from this point planting our seventeenth mile post at a distance of eighty-three chains and twenty-eight links from the starting point and continuing the numbering of the mile posts up to thirty. The first mile post after the 30th was numbered one and the numbers carried on from there to the end of the line at Lac la Croix where a connection with the international boundary survey was made. "From the 30th mile post on the base line, a meridian was run south to Basswood Lake where a connection was made to the international boundary survey. A meridian was also run north from the 30th mile post on the base line to intersect a base line run in 1891 by O.L.S. A. Niven, near Atikokan. "The work was carried out according to instructions, iron posts being planted every third mile except where this point came in a lake or river when the iron post was planted on the nearest shore and the chainage marked thereon. The country travelled was in general rough and rocky with no extremely high hills. The soil is mostly sand and gravel, but boulders and rock predominate. The rock formation throughout, except for a short distance south of Atikokan where the Keewatin is present, is granite. As show on the maps, lakes are plentiful. Most of the larger lakes met with are shown on the existing maps which are fairly accurate as far as they were tried. "Game was not as plentiful as would be expected in a reserve of this nature. Some moose, deer and bears were seen, beavers appear to be very plentiful, almost every lake having its shores flooded by their work. Trout, pike and pickerel are plentiful in most of the lakes. "In the country passed through a considerable proportion of the timber has been destroyed by fire. The following stretches have been burnt in recent years and are growing up with small second growth and underbrush, from the starting point on the base line to the 26th mile, the area adjacent to Conmee Lake on the south side; from the 8th mile to Minn Lake, on the meridian line south from the base line; from the 12th mile south to Basswood Lake, on the meridian line north, from Jesse Lake to the north end of the line; in this latter area timber has been cut at various times so that there is nothing of value at present. The remainder is variously timbered with jack pine, white pine, Norway pine, spruce, balsam, poplar, birch and maple varying in size from four inches up to timber of commercial value. In the burnt areas there are isolated stands of Norway and white pine which have survived the fires but these are not extensive as a rule. "This portion of the province appears to be ideal for the purpose for which it was set aside. 62 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 24 Extract from J. S. Dobie's report of traverse Allanwater and part Ogoki Rivers, district of Thunder Bay. "As in previous seasons posts were planted at intervals of about a mile apart along the shore. These posts were tied to the nearest transit station and the tie recorded in the field notes. Each post is surrounded by a mound of stones about five feet in diameter and about two feet high. Each post was marked with the letter 'P' followed by the number of the post, the whole being inscribed with a proper scribing iron. "The islands were also numbered consecutively. On each island either a post was planted in a manner similar to'that already described and marked with the number of the island, or a healthy tree was squared and similarly marked. In a few cases small islands were not marked, where the islands were low and without trees large enough to mark, and where the exposed position of the island would make it probable that floods or ice would remove the post, or where there were not stones to make suitable mounds. Any such islands are very small and are easily identified by reference to the plan. "Standard metal posts or monuments were cemented into holes drilled into the rock at regular intervals along the shore in a manner similar to that described in previous years. Twenty-five such posts were planted during the season. "Levels were taken at all falls and rapids, and are all based on the elevation of a Geodetic survey bench mark set in the west concrete abutment of the Allan- water railway bridge. This bench mark is recorded as Number 1023, elevation 1353, 9194. No attempt was made to carry levels across large bodies of water, but immediately after ascertaining the elevation of any lake expansion, a water gauge was established so that if the water level varied before further levelling was necessary, the difference could be properly allowed for. In case of long stretches of river with perceptible current the differences in elevation were estimated, proper allowance being made for variation in water level due to rain or other conditions. The elevations of the various lake expansions and other stretches of still water are all shown on the plan which forms part of the returns of this survey and are to be considered as approximately correct. They are subject to future revision but it is considered that they are correct enough for all practical purposes for some time to come. "The Allanwater River crosses the Canadian National Railway a short distance east of the point of commencement of the survey. There is here a small lake expansion with a long bay running to the northwest for a distance of over three miles. About a mile downstream from the starting point a dam has been constructed across the river by a local lumber company. This dam has raised the water about four feet and considerable difficulty was experienced in carrying the survey past some of the flooded ground. "From this dam the river runs a little east of north for two miles and then turns sharply to the east for half a mile, where it branches and runs around a large island nearly four miles long. This island is No. 7 and contains 1,676 acres. The westerly channel is the one most used for canoe traffic. The river generally is shallow and stony with several flat rapids. "A water power reserve of 32.67 acres was posted at the first rapids below where the river divides to flow around island No. 7. There is here a fall of about seven feet, and the water possibilities are not very great as the nature of ' 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 63 the ground will not permit of the concentration of a high head, notwithstanding the fact that there are several rapids upstream which might be added to this one. It would be necessary to dam the channel around the east side of No. 7 in order to develop a power at this point. It was considered advisable to lay out a water power reserve at this point, however, as there does not appear to be any possibility of concentrating the falls farther upstream at any other point. "The projected lines of this and other water power reserves laid out during the season were posted near where they would interest the shore and the posts tied to the nearest transit station, but in no case were the boundaries of any water power reserve cut out on the ground. "After passing island No. 7 the river flows north for nearly three miles, passing several rapids at none of which does there appear to be much chance of water power development. At island No. 44, however, the river drops about twenty-one feet in a very short distance. The banks are high and rocky and a high rock ridge extends across the greater part of island No. 44. A very good power could be developed here, as the natural head of twenty-one feet could be easily increased to forty feet or probably more. There is a very good volume of water and the large lakes south of the Canadian National Railway afford splendid storage facilities. A water power reserve containing sixty acres was laid out here. "There are several rapids between island No. 44 and Brennan Lake, but the possibilities of power development at any time are practically nil. "The country adjacent to the lakes and rivers surveyed during the season is generally speaking, rocky and rolling with many low undulating ridges of stones and boulders. There are some fairly high hills to be seen to the south of Granite Lake, but they are the exception rather than the rule. There are not as many sand beaches along the shores of the lakes as one would expect. From Wabakimi Lake downstream, the shores are usually low and stony, but there are some prominent rock ridges and some of the highest hills seen during the season are near Kenoji and Oliver Lakes. Generally speaking, however, the country is one of low relief. "Throughout the whole survey the timber characteristics remain much the same. Considerable areas are to be seen here and there of old spruce, jack, pine, poplar, birch, etc., but the greater part of the country is covered with second growth timber of varying ages. A very large amount of this timber is now approaching a size suitable for cutting, and every year adds to its value. It was frequently noted by members of the party that whenever it was necessary to go inland for any purpose even for only a short distance, the timber appears to be much more valuable than a casual inspection from the shore would indicate, and I may say that my own experience corroborates this view. "There is an immense amount of timber suitable for pulpwood, boxwood, etc., although the proportion of saw-log timber is comparatively small. The time will come when the timber resources of this territory, combined with the water power possibilities will be assets of very great value to the Province. "There are several burnt areas of large extent, the ones south of Granite Lake and of Wabakimi Lake being the largest. There were no signs of recent fires which may in part be attributed to the fact that it was an unusually wet season. "As the survey progressed notes were taken from every transit station as tojthe general characteristics of the shore with notes as to timber, soil, etc. These notes are all in the field notes, and they have been put on the plan which 64 REPORT OF THE No. 3 goes with this report to as great an extent as possible. A reference to the plan will therefore show information regarding the kind and character of timber in any given locality in much greater detail than can be given in the body of this report. "The territory surveyed does not appear to be particularly attractive from a mineral standpoint, as practically no rocks were seen except granite and gneiss. There were no marked instances of local magnetic attraction, the varia- tion of the magnetic compass being very constant. It averaged about one and a half degrees to the east where the survey started, and gradually decreased to about one degree on Whitewater Lake. "Fish and game of the usual varieties appear to be fairly plentiful. The lakes contain pike and pickerel in large numbers, and the larger lakes are said to contain whitefish. Moose and deer were seen occasionally and once in a while a caribou was seen. The usual fur-bearing animals are fairly plentiful with the exception of beaver which appear to have almost vanished from this section of the country. Local trappers report average success during the preceding winter. They all, however, unite in lamenting the fact that the beaver have nearly disappeared. "The detail plan of the survey has already been forwarded to your depart- ment, and I enclose herewith field notes on the regulation paper, list of permanent monuments and a tabulated form showing the location and a description of each island surveyed during the season." Appendix No. 25 Extract of report of Phillips and Benner of Lower and Middle Shebandowan Lakes, district of Thunder Bay. "The field work was commenced at the easterly end of Lower Shebandowan Lake on May 4th, and survey of the two hundred locations (P.P. 178 to 317) on this part of the lake was completed on July 14th. The party then moved into Middle Shebandowan Lake and the survey of two hundred locations (pp. 318 to 517) on this portion of the lake was completed on September 26th. Although the lake had been previously traversed by A. L. Russell, O.L.S., it was found necessary to make a new traverse of those portions of the shore line in front of the sites chosen as suitable for resort purposes, as the stations established in the original survey had become lost. "During the progress of the survey a memorandum was kept of the various characteristics of the individual lots. This will be found detailed in the field notes on pages 61 to 84 inclusive. After the survey of each portion of the lake was completed a sketch plan was supplied to your department showing the numbers of the locations and the areas of the same. A table of estimated values of each location was also made and forwarded to you. "There is a small settlement known as Stewart's Spur at the east end of Lower Shebandowan Lake. There is a small saw mill here and also a number of residences. The other improvements noted were a small shack on location 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 65 S.F. 16, a large cabin on S.F. 23 or S.F. 24, a good dwelling house and other buildings on S.F. 21, and a few old logging camps. The only improvement noted on the Middle Lake was a small shack on W.T. 22. "The Dawson Road which comes to the Lower Lake at Stewart's Spur has been recently improved so as to be passable for light cars, but considerable work will be necessary before the road will be in shape for general motor traffic. There is a good trail north from the east boundary of W.T. 9 in the Middle Lake. This runs to Kabaigon Siding and could be made a good road. "The best beach on either lake is on the west side of Castor Island. There are numerous other small ones in both lakes, but it was not possible to get a sandy beach for each location. From our experience in surveying resort locations for individuals we find that the majority of applicants are not so anxious to have a good beach as they are to have a good site with a commanding view. "The level of the lake is maintained at or near high water by a control dam at the outlet of the lake. There is very little flooding done and most of that is in very low marshy lands which would be wet anyway. "There have been no forest fires of any extent on either lake in the last thirty years, and the shores are mostly well timbered with a good stand of mixed timber — poplar, birch and jackpine being the predominant species. We under- stand that most of the timber surrounding the lakes is in a limit, and would advise that the license holder be restrained from cutting on the surveyed loca- tions. There is very little timber of value on these, but it would lessen the value of the lots if it were cut. "The shore lines are mostly rocky or strewn with boulders. It is reported that there are considerable areas of good land in from the lake, but the general appearance of the country would not lead one to exepct to find much land suitable for agriculture. "The water in the Lower Lake is rather dark in colour near the east end but is fairly clear around Castor Island. In middle Lake it is clear and is reported to be very deep in places. The only fish caught were pike, though there are lake trout and whitefish in the Middle Lake. Game is not plentiful. "These lakes should be very attractive to persons wishing to establish summer camps. There is about a thirty mile stretch of water without a portage from Stewart's Spur to the west end of Upper Shebandowan Lake. The few rocks which would be dangerous for high speed gas boats could be marked in a short time. Appendix No. 26 Extract from report of R. S. Kirkup's survey of the Townships of Echo, Pickerel and Vermilion, district of Kenora. "I have the honour to report that in accordance with your instructions dated 5th October, 1925, to survey the townships of Echo, Pickerel and a portion of the township of Vermilion, in the district of Kenora, I started in with my party from Sioux Lookout on October 20th. We were fortunate in having a water route all the way in to practically the southeast angle of the township of Echo, where I commenced the survey. 3 L.F. 66 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Mining Claims "Whenever any old lines were struck, they were examined carefully and if any posts were found they were tied in and shown on the map attached hereto. The areas of these claims I deducted from the lots in which they were situate, although it was impossible for me to tell whether they had been patented or not. The formation is Keewatin. Agriculture and. Timber "The land in all three of these townships is very fertile, and when the timber is cut and the land cleared and with the added advantage of the proposed road to Sioux Lookout, they should make very fine farming communities in the near future. The standing timber is shown on a plan which accompanies this report, and while there is no outstanding quantity, it is distributed over nearly every lot and will be of great value to the future settler. Fish and Game "In previous reports I have stressed the importance of this area with regard to fish and game. They are' very plentiful, and would be a great attraction to tourists if closer to some large centre of population. Canoe Routes "These with the portages and their distance may be seen on the plan. The portages are not very well cut out in some cases, but in the main are fairly good travelling." Appendix No. 27 Extract from report of E. Fitzgerald's survey of lakes and islands in the Town- ships of Elmsley, Burgess and Crosby, surveyed 1925. "The survey was commenced at an old cedar post marking the southwest corner of lot 6, concession IV, township of Burgess, where an observation was taken on polaris for azimuth. The survey was conducted in the ordinary method of stadia survey, that is to say: All measurements were made by means of stadia, bearings being carried on by use of the transit. Throughout all this work a transit having a large telescope was used to ensure accuracy in both measuring distances and angles. Readings were taken to the shore line of both mainland and the islands at intervals of approximately five chains where the shore line was regular and at closer intervals where necessary to ensure an accurate projection of the same. Observations were taken at frequent intervals to check the bearing of the lines. Our point of commencement was designated as station 268, and from thence the stations number consecutively throughout the whole survey, thus showing in exactly what order the work progressed. The survey of the smaner lakes was connected to that of the main lakes by the same method of traverse. 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 67 "The elevations of the various lakes were determined by carrying levels from the nearest bench mark, which in all cases were those given in Altitudes of Canada by White. The elevation of Rideau Lake was derived from the eleva- tion of base of rail in front of Canadian National Railway Depot at Smith's Falls; thence taken over the lock at Poonamallie. That of Otty Lake and Bass Lake was derived from the elevation of Rideau Lake. The elevation of Otter lake was derived from the base of rail in front of Lombardy Station on the Can- adian National Railway. The elevation of Indian Lake was taken from the base of rail at Canadian National Railway bridge over the Rideau Canal at ChafTey Lock and this also applied to Newboro, Loon and Clear Lakes which are all the same elevation. The elevation was carried over the locks at New- boro, thus arriving at the elevation of Upper Rideau Lake and from here it was carried into Sand Lake. The elevation of Black Lake and Pike Lake was carried from Adam Bay on Rideau Lake. The lakes were, as near as could be ascer- tained, at their normal level when these elevations were taken. "Throughout the survey of the main shore, trees were marked at intervals of about one mile for reference marks of the survey. These trees were blazed in a conspicuous manner and marked by means of a scribe with a letter and a number in Roman numerals, the letter indicating the lake and the number indicating the tree. These trees are recorded in the field notes and also on the plan. A tree was also blazed and marked on each island, and on large islands several trees were marked." Appendix No. 28 Extract of report of Messrs. Beatty & Beatty — Survey of lakes in the Township of Bedford. "Under instructions dated April 15th, 1925, to survey the lakes in the town- ship of Bedford, in the county of Frontenac, together with portions of West Rideau, or Wolfe Lake, Bob's Lake, Crow Lake, Buck Lake and other small lakes which extend southward into the township of Loughborough, I beg to submit the following report: — "I proceeded to Crow Lake Station by Canadian Pacific Railway from Pem- broke, and was joined by the other members of my party, which consisted of A. J. Bennett, as assistant; James Brown, as cook; E. S. Touzel, Gordon Watt and A. E. Parks, as rodmen and canoe men. "My transport consisted of two sixteen foot canoes which were used on the work, and a larger freight canoe which was used to move camp. If it was impossible to move by canoes, teams were engaged from the farmers. "A stadia transit survey was made and pencil plots were made in the field. The latitudes and departures of the courses were reduced to act as a guide to the plotting, and the closings of all the closed blocks were calculated. Wherever possible ties were made to the old lot corners, or to where the old posts were supposed to have been. The township of Bedford is very rough and sparsely settled, and the old surveys having been made so long ago, these were very scattered. 68 REPORT OF THE No. 3 "Crow Lake was the first lake surveyed, and from here I carried my traverse to Bob's Lake, and thence to White Lake. From White Lake I traversed through Barrett's Pond into Potspoon Lake, and thence through Thirty Island Lake into Thirteen Island Lake and into Desert Lake. From here I traversed to Sand Lake and into the southern portion of Canoe Lake. From here I traversed through Eel Lake into Mud Lake and then into Buck Lake. From Buck Lake I traversed through Little Salmon Lake and into Clear Little Lake, into Black Lake and thence into Big Salmon Lake. From here I traversed through La Belle Lake into Big Clear Lake and into Buck Lake. From Buck Lake I traversed across to Hamilton Lake, and from Buck Lake I traversed north through Pollywog Lake to Devil Lake. From Devil Lake I ran side traverses to Crow Lake, Moulton Lake, Christie's Lake, Wolf Lake and Cameron Lake. I then ran a tie traverse to tie onto my survey of Mud Lake. I found that the easiest way to reach Elbow and Pond Lily Lakes was to continue my traverse from Sand Lake. I completed my traverse of Canoe Lake and ran tie traverses to Horseshoe Lake and Garter Lake. I ran a tie traverse to the Ponds west of the village of Fermoy and ran a tie traverse to Long Pond. I then continued my tie traverse through the village of Fermoy to West Rideau Lake. From here I ran side traverses to Judy's Pond and Green Lake. The traverse of West Rideau Lake completed the season's field work. "The township of Bedford is an exceptionally rough township. There is by far more water than there is arable land. In the southern portion there are very few farmers. The most thickly settled portions are surrounding the village of Burridge and to the south and east of West Rideau Lake. This latter section is an exceptionally good farming district. The farmers' chief source of revenue is from dairying and simply grow enough crops for feed for their stock. There are several cheese factories in the township. "There are several abandoned mica and feldspar mines, the largest of which was the Richardson mine situated between Desert Lake and Thirteen Island Lake. This mine has been exceptionally well equipped and as much as 90 tons of feldspar a day have been shipped from it. There had been also an iron mine on Black Lake north of Thirty Island Lake. This ore was also shipped by this open line. "There is very little merchantable timber in the township now. There are a few isolated patches, but these are very small. The old timber has been cut off and there have been several fires through it. Owing to the roughness of the country the young trees are growing very slowly. Tett Brothers, of Bed- ford Mills, have quite a lot of the southern portions held as a limit. "The weather this season was exceptionally wet and cold. There were no summer frosts and there was very little real warm weather. There was quite a lot of wind and generally from the southwest. This retarded the work on the larger lakes, as they all lie in the general direction of northeast and southwest. The water was high in the lakes all season on account of the rain, and very little had been drawn oflf the lakes used for storage purposes. "There were quite a number of American tourists visiting the lakes during the summer. The majority of these came from Rochester, New York, and Ithica. The large number of lakes in the township and district attracts them, as if the fishing is not so good in one lake they go to another. They invariably come m cars and brought lean-to tents, which they pitched alongside the cars, and rented boats from the farmers, and in some cases engaged the farmers as guides. A few of the farmers took in summer boarders. There were three small cottages owned by the farmers for rent, but these cottages were rented by Canadians 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 69 from Toronto and Kingston. About fifty per cent, of the cottages are owned by Americans. There are very few cottages erected on the islands; the tourists prefer to be able to reach their cottages direct by their cars if possible. "The fishing this season was poor in comparison with other years. There are fish in all the lakes. Pickerel and bass are the most plentiful of the game fish, and rock bass and sun fish are so plentiful they are a pest. The pickerel range as high as eight pounds and bass up to four pounds. Salmon or grey trout are found in the following: Crown Lake, Green Bay of Bob's Lake, Desert Lake, Canoe Lake, Buck Lake, Salmon Lakes, Big Clear Lake, and Devil Lake. Buck Lake seems to offer the best fishing of all the lakes. The size of the salmon varies from three to fifteen pounds. "Herewith are descriptions of the general features of the lakes and the islands in them. A value has been placed on the small islands which are desirable for cottage purposes. Islands large enough for cottage purposes and large enough to be subdivided into two or more parcels are noted. It is presumed that these islands would be divided into parcels of two or three acres." 70 REPORT OF THE No. 3 S > o Z e o 1 o 1 < (M 00 CN 4) t^ O ■* O 00 t^ t^ o o U, O ^ O 00 vO ^O 0\ o '^ '^ C .2 o ba bfl ^t M "g -M o .5 .s .5 o .E o 'tn O a ^ 'So 'So 'm ^ *M ^ a bfl tuo 6fl a, bo a o o o — O 'TL o "3 cu J hJ ^£ ^ I o oo lO o»00 ooo OOOOOC^I iOO>00 •* ir>o CN lO !>■ O •o-* ■* loio-^^t^o csior^o Q o (M(M doo"^ CN '-H O CN CN O ■^ O O O O O "^ «©• "S i" o OO oo oo 1000 tn.y u~. ID O lO— < OO CN "0 u~. a C D CL o rOTi< t^O vo CO 000 •o O O lOOO o -H >-< O l^ o JH m O 6^ OO-H.^ ^ in a> 'i-i Oh c c . c o c « o c 6 c -0 • " 0 • • en jj . .. en iii en 4> eu— 'OO u > c "n ^^UOt- -o.S.Si^V^cScS S o o c CU "O **- "^ "-" PhIJH 2 « Wi u, . . . . o D-, Cue/" u « ^ ^ c cSc^^ *^ rt rt art (u (Uo-H-^ 1 K 1— >i— >c/) CQ U U CO CO -t< u-> "o 6 o c c or « 2 So — tn" ■2^ 4J^ J3 e2 Oh C . a a o ►^2 J t, U~t "-^2 ,_, 1-1 ^ ^ «-H O > o 1 IS Jag en +J i^i. 1— 1 en >< ■|"< Eo^ rt t~ o *H en i :5 4) c/l 01 [/) ^ o <1 1^ -.***■ ■• 0 ■'-' 15 u o r-;-^^ c fe^ c 3 S C .S o o B o.i 2 "A'S.^ CO (-^ •' 5 ^^(^ ti rt >, »o ^2 So > o > O o 2: CN > 0 Th ^ o ^-t ■* ^ "^ lO CN CN CN CN tj >5 IS ) O (T) C-J U-) "0 ir -HO VO o CM •^-H OOO OOO CM O E.5 •11 rt-r cJ5 c c IS -a pa ^ "c c 0 a. c c 111 III c c -a 0 4 4J c en c_ a aj (0 fcj u. 3 3 tn ^ S w u rt ir U °-c a; c5 -a .ti^ 3 3 " JJ (U .:«! 3 — -gg Ui u — C j3 o '- »-> "t: -'- OQ ry c/)CA)CQCu ^Ac^c^XC Ql, rt a 0 ►^x (0 en .- =3 i '5 - -- u, tn to ^ 1 i ^ •^ 6 >; biO O tnO S - 5 _ -i-j SO bo rt '5'2 c , P u- T 3 j= < . S o Cu . ■>t «-i »-( »H - »-< CM r<". s; ^ s; t- ver east of . Scollard -39, A-41, f Sudbury. WW > . • (U :s »!.s c.tr (D ^ Is ^ (J to o rv » u HQ .St-" rt o CM c n te O O to o d - en . C C a- £ Island in Fr North Chann Township, A A-42, A-43, D c2 Cr°-2 rti-lP •*■ o=^ 0\ oC CM --' CM (J <^ S •-H tQ c 1— I J3 lU W ■ ^ r^ «o CM 1,^ 00 <-i CN O) vO CM ^-H tH u Q o Q c cs c ■> 1 W a; W 72 REPORT OF THE No. 3 o u O o I I I- ^ •^ a x> ^ E OC o i s cs c _o V> 'to O a o -o 8 tJD "So O 'Sj ti c bo o 12 tn (U 3 Q o o o ooo CN — O coooo •^ CN fN »-l O a C o o o OC o O "^ "-t -*co oooo>r> OOOO-t CN ro lO Tti O c o o o to u^ l/^ coo coo lO lO "-) O o O t^ CN lO -r-l -HOOOO v. c -a c n) a; -Sua rt a o >— >t/)a- . 4> . . . . o • • • eJ'H^'H a; rt nj £ rt 3 "o en S o 1 = 0 >; . JO -wis u tn a--: 2" % in CO . E ^ 1— >*j C No. of Tend- ers - ^-1 - - Area sq. miles t-» ? •-H o o 5 >>5-^ S • o £ o o (n rtOc/5 o n) 03 U3 U ire tn - to lo j3 ds St/2 :^s -E :s§§ '.y fe - .2 0 0 4-1 a 1 <"— , =^ 5 « SSI = 8| Qc/) 00 CM u ID 10 c 1 u O a < 0 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 73 t~ ._! ,_4 ro UD t- r^ Ov ^— t •O t^ O O •* O vO ■* CO ■* u) i, bi bi) 13 bO O bi C o .s C C O .S 'So ^ 'So 'So 'So ^ 'ba be a. be bfi bfi O. bio o — o O o -= O ►J c2 J J J £ J O O O O O a'.-lOOO o c O o O »-< u^ o lo ir •iOOOO o OOOOOIOIOUOCD _44 #■,. >-», (■■.* ^""s ^""v /-^ f^ ^^ f^ r^ ^ ..^ ^ tN ooo oc t^iOiOCNCOOOOO t^ C^ W? C^ ^.^ V_^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^.J u-j ic lO O O ■^ uo o I') O m O O O O O O O "0 CN liO vO'rtCN-H,-lO CNlCt^O lO O O O O O ") "^ fN O CN CS lO o o o o o o o ■^ ^D vO'O'^ '- c (U IS > 'xi > Ipwood. ulpwood pwood . . its and Jac bod dry 0) ^a.'B 0 0-0-*"^^; ai c 0) > 4) C -T3_C 03 £CU'3 0 0^ o u ItJ *-• *^ *-• ^ -i -^i ^ « 45 '^iiiii;.!; O <-i V. —" J3 T3 -U '*"'*" ^' ^ 'di . bib _>1 3 "3 3 "3 ►— > ►— 1 < 1— > tr> O vO 29 . a> J- u (« c J-^ c * «« N » H . 3 3 1— » 3 74 REPORT OF THE No. 3 o o O o S > o o S 00 i-H 0\ 0 0 CQ a> »o ^— * 00 00 tH rn 0 0 ro fc vH •>* VO \o O. ID ^ " Ov C ,o •o -6 • "V • 13 o bo O t> 0 bo c bi bo 0 • iH o c o c •S c e a 0 CO O ^ 'So &'5 ) 'to ^ 'So bo ? G, _a. bo O, b 0 bo 0. 1 bo bo a 2 o 3c ^ 1 0 2 I w (U 3 OOfS "0 0>00 00000"~ 00c 0 000 rtHJr-C tS lO t^ o li-3 lO O »0 •^ CN 100-* 10 iO>0 r»< Q ■-HOC OOO'^ «N CN CN CN ^C CNCN ^ «N CN (M ^ 4> ?i OO OO 0 00 0 000 TO." VCO lOli-3 vO 0 "0 0 to 10 '-H a C ID a OO ir> -^ 0 ■*•* Tj< 00o r2 'c3 m OOt^ ^H •rH c ^,1 0 •^ 10 0 &H a £^J 0-< c o o c ai « c.S S-B 6 c CLi c i> OJ 3 si% I- . . . . . tC 8 g Cu S^s w (4 4^ ^ 4^ 4_) ■o'o'O'ii 213 U ll ti 0 -So 2 c/ a. « — ) , (U c Si?' 2 ^ (-4 O +J p ^ 2 CO u ll u -^1 S o J5 J5U CS " en U 0] ll ^ ^■^ c«J i^ 4-1 0 ^ ^ si H zo zo uo °i£ ^-H y-t re ^^ CM O , 1 1. .2 +j to c C rt b, j= 1 0 5 1* (J tn:S •J: 5 0 ^rr^ C ^ ►J > bO 0. 0. Qc/3 3 < C^ cJ^ (^ t^ t^ VO CN NO ■^ O 0 u~ «OVO O ■^cs ir5 0-* ■<* Tt<0 c XT) ir> OOOC oooooo"^oo o«o rj o o \r) \r)\r)W lOiOiOiOOiOJ^vOrO oo O \r> tn OOOC lOrO^HT-itN'^OO^^ -HO T3 ; o ^_^ o 4) ■V ^ • C (U <« 5 , ™ 0) -M IS 13 O o a. f bO eg 0, & T3 O o 1. (L C "3 X &- c c tU--'^ 3 Oh .5 Act u bO o C!!T3 cC rt 8 o •- ^ 1" ii"^ c c Pine L Birch . Maple. Ash, E Spruce Hemloi Hardw Spruce Balsan (J -sss-^ ^iJi .tij^ 0) a. J5 O 0) 0, O 1-1 >— >t/) -a 0) 1 * (U c U i-T-tJ ll o3.J h Ric IS, On CO 1 = S c Shevlii Co., Lt apolis, ITS A. ' §5 1— > ■«* fc y~i -- lr> :^ "^ f^ 00 LOcNfO^"^ 3 • Z'^i ^ c ClI'o'o 1/2 e e • c O § oC/5 O o (3 'c o ship — Lots N. }4 4, con. iskaming. McClure Township. — Lots and 8, con. 13. — District of Re frew. h C c 4-> 1 t-*oo ooT JZ . ^ c C.S2 > 1 bib 3 3 3 3 * c < < (/ ) < 76 REPORT OF THE No. 3 ,_, to c u^ M .S C O C O •S ° o 'So •So > 'So > 'So ^ u bo 60 a bfi a b£ O. o q 2 I o '9 ^ -^ a. '-" '-^ cC en 0) 3 ooc OOOOC oooo<~^ O OO O O Q lOiO o »oo -* "OiOrt' oo-*t^^ OO'^t-C Q CN C^ C CN (M ^ o c o-* too ro t^C "^ O lO o »o • a u ^ ft t^ •* c Tt <» O O ir; fi O O C t-- ir> irj ,-1 ,— 1 lO lO l/~ O OPO O ■^ 1 ir; LO 0 0 0 'c3 r^ CM C OOC OOOrOC '-"-'-^OC CN tN 0 0 "-i 00-1 .-hO 0- 0) b CL, c 13 CO C 3^ n C c u a 4) rt air g O ^ 1- I. c ni 3/? "■ ■^ ^ : : ••? *i .s la; • o s^ 1; i-= rt c c >— iC/5 o -■^-t £fa2i2^ ^-as^-S _ aj 01 ^ . 3 ^ 0) o> ^ ^ l1 ca O Q. !fl -l-J JOhC/^COC rt 0 £l rt 01 4) 1-, u I- u S JCUC/5CCO CiiL^OQQc/) •c 3 m' uT ■«-' c t: o £ o ■y en « 3 ^ 4-J -o.„ ^ 5<< a> ^H rt S :^ -^^ »-~ CN ir; fN <; •" s ^:i vo" tn tj toc/5 i ^i^'>^2: ci t-~ o 1^ ^.-C 1^^^ :^ '. .^cc E o c 1 -2 1 3°^ . >-i •' o -^1 • "C „-cc >-l L o 1. aT.o o ■Sg > c c c •^oo'ii-T'o J5 , y^m^ ^ -O "^ \(N S C 1 1 " « ^ o R 1 o -o ^-s^z^l'i oTQ t- lO >— :2^c r^ o O Os CN f^ f^ CN iJ-c W-Q a a Q. a Qc/2 u a> 01 01 C/2 C/5 C/2 C/) C/3 a» Ov "* «it; Jj a a a a ^(-1 OJ u (U 01 ^ C/) C/2 C/5 C/3 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 77 Oy o\ \C vC »o _ «N 1 - i^ <*5 o r-i o\ •* •* 00 o po 00 o Ov re «— 4 lO ^o \C • -D •u -d -a be o be o o o tJo bi) c o c o o o _c c 'So !f- •be ^ !S ^ 'bC 'be U) o. be a _D. _a be bo 2 I 9 -3 3 "a Oh o o ooooc oc ooo ooc OOC oo ooo O O-**- ■'d OO^I^'* rt-t-Tt '^t--^ ir> »:ti ir> lo lO r^^ (^1 -^ C C rvi (M »-< O O -^cc ^oc tN O tN >-l fN ococc ooooo (^Cxr li-j »o "~ oo ooo c c lO ro 1— ooc O O O re ^ f^ re OO O OOC CN Cvl .^ ooc o — '^O ooo '#■<* ID re "> CO O O O vO O oo oo ir)in lO 'O O O fN ID »-i T-^ '-I fN O oo ^TjHOOO OO oo OO ^ i cc' : a. E re i _0 "5 1 e 1/3 bi 0 w Logs. . Ipwood . . ilpwood. c c ^ c 1 i h • o -c r-' r" Cm 0) c ^^ c re re o reX is P'O "! rr - - «J ,„ recQ ;^ o • • ao-Ji: o a a^ o . c 4J O 1 OhS O Pi So «-l CN o-H - - o o re 00 \o 00 vO t^ — South ns of the Thunder way Townships s 3 and 4, con. nship. Lots 3, e already under Pulpwood and only. — District ^ ti est Shore of Rainy Lake h of Grassy Narrows Bay, h JA-5.— District of Rainy r. ip. — Lots 0, 11, 12, , 19, 20, ee Town- 33,34,35, 6, 7, 8, 9, Sound. nship. portioi rict of Gooderham Townsh 2 and 3, cons. 5 and ct of Nioissine. ulock Township. — 5, 6, 7, 8, cons. 1 rict of Nioissine. ownsh 8,9, 1 17, 18 , Burp 11,32,. , cons. Parry Marvin Tow and north-west township. — Dist Bay. Duff and Otta except N. 3^ loti 3 Ottaway Tow cons. 4 and 5 ar Timber License, log timber rights of Cochrane. Shawanaga T 2,3,4.5,6,7, , 14, 15, 16. ns. 8, 9 and 10, ip. — Lots 30, 3 , 37, 38, 39, 40 , — District of ^^'.2 ■> j_, .1-1 O) ^^ ill > - u reQ ccapj; -re O-C ^ o »-< '-I u in fe T-t .oH T-l O o t^ ,_! (N CM tN (S *-t o. o u O o e o t ^ o ^_ c \C vO a> i/j i^ Tt< ro t>. o Q IZ 0\ fo t~ •* v^ '"' o fD r<0 CN c ■a ^•"O -6 • '6 o boo bi) He 0 (30 0 • *H o c o .£ •H <5 a 0 o ^ •a^ *tl) 'So ^ •a fs o. ^ bfia bo bO 0. bo a o Ok ^g 0 ^° I 2 I en 3 2° 02 00 000000 00000 rji t— oo «o>o 0 0 10 -^ *^ C irjliT^t^lO Q ■thO IT) O CN.-H CN CS (N «-( 0 C .-( cs es 0 0 flj H lOO to (0 00 ooo»o 0^ 00000 X-- CN ^ 3 3 00 »000 CNrt c ID 10 »-< »-l 10 a u s s ;d a ^H •rH o o XI XI «0 ro ■<*c^ ■^ 0 0 c ro fJ 0 0 0 "2 0"^ OOOiOOCN 10 U-) 0 >0 • T«0 00 £ £ U0OO-<* rt (J o rt^ iJ 4^ h u 5 13 bo bo JS 3m" 1 ii 2-^^ 3 en 3 3 -o E C/5CQ C/)CA5 V 0) nJ rt 4> Q. ^ "U aj.s a rt 3 -0 0 "oU . 2 C/} 3 Cfl 4) p; tn -«-> C C CO 2 £ o j3 5^ ffi 3 E ^^ OS O 0 Z ^O jS (2 f- °'0 „ . C u Ov ^-( ^-H cs T-t O . ^S 0) 5 w-io O j3 en - V, rt»o -M LlI ..2 ^0 cn -M •Q •it 0 • . |m 80:2; ►5 ovo e;^ g >, CO (0 . E 0'-' -0 X a; . 1 0 H bi T3 3 u <^ § a! ,0 x: ^ enia 1^ 03 eu to o VO 0 cs tN CO CN f<) «-l 41 Tl cS o -M ^J -iJ •4-* *j Qc« o o u u 0 O O 0 0 0 , ■«* fO «N 0\ _! S. *- ^-H CN ■M ' +J -t-t d Q o u O o 6 0 0 c^ 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 79 o o & a o o a, o o Ol, T3 O o a, "a PLI •T3 O o ^ OOOCN — I OOOCS '-HOOO cs '-•OOOCS "-I o ooes OOOOfO OOOOfO Oi-HOOfO ooooo U^ -r)! 1-H r-nn OOOOd lOOOO OOOO • • : .'pa ■ • • on, "O. CQ 5 fe o. o § o a- C/5CQ dii— ,1— , T3 5 9 8o<^ •?■•§ CQ 1-tlcSa ■pQ O § O ^5! l-tl«£a « S y o a • o a U r bfi'-l C ;z;.2 c ■t-> o rt biO PQjO_ c ^< 3 4) ij rj au _ - O en O 5 p CUcnO bo C . G 5 -< O.S2 miTQ 'c-O '. c c 2 •-•3 0) 5<^ "^ 3 3 O O (4 CO .t; c 6N_' (Ut-C o ■Jn'— 0) O o '. o be E 6 3 tt>0\ 0) o I- ■'-' 0.2 ♦-so 4) 0\ «i o a2 <0(M §2 w ^ 4> '10 CO •-3 ui 4J^ 0 4> 10 80 REPORT OF THE No. 3 1 XI S > 5^ S ="" "rtii c c -S-s.s ■^ 20 iCQ < rt e c '^ c u tn -i-J u -.ai 5 rt n3 rt 5^2 ^ c/) bO-o o £2^ *- H o«- i2 . nj POv p -,r^ § . . bo +j 00--; ■4-1 3 ■!-> P O •r X-- ^ > 3 »-i -' 2.2 T3 vo" ^•" 00 V ^^ CN ■tJ c-r p • p >. C .2 a o be ors (d ••T ^ •is 3 o .2< "pis 0- rt«^ u 1 k a a 3< ■p-o c :t3 uO uOv 2o< b 0—1 bCH bfi-H 1 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 81 Appendix No. 30 AGREEMENT made and entered into this twenty-seventh day of February A. D. 1926. Between HIS MAJESTY THE KING, represented herein by the Minister of Lands and Forests of the Province of Ontario, hereinafter referred to as "the Minister," Of the First Part, PROVINCIAL PAPER MILLS LIMITED, hereinafter referred to as "the Company," Of the Second Part. Whereas the company is now operating a pulp and paper plant at the City of Port Arthur, in the District of Thunder Bay, and paper plants at the Towns of Georgetown, Thorold and Mille Roches, all in the Province of Ontario; And whereas the company now employs in its plants at Port Arthur and elsewhere in the Province of Ontario, approximately 800 men, and also affords employment for approximately 400 men in the woods' operations carried on to provide the said plants with a supply of wood ; And whereas the Company's present plant at Port Arthur has a capacity of 30 tons of mechanical pulp; 50 tons of bleached pulp and 30 tons of paper; And whereas the Company has already expended in the erection and equip- ment of its said plant at the City of Port Arthur upwards of $3,000,000; And whereas the Company is desirous of enlarging its plant so that the same will comprise a ground-wood pulp mill with a capacity of 70 tons of mechanical pulp per day, a sulphite pulp mill with a capacity of 50 tons of bleached pulp per day, and a paper mill with a capacity of 90 tons of newsprint per day, said plant to include the necessary machinery and equipment for the manufacture of book paper of a quality equal to that now used in publication of school books in the Province of Ontario; And whereas the expenditure involved in enlarging the Company's plant to the extent and in the manner above described, and in undertaking and com- pleting other works necessary or advisable for the efficient operation of the said enlarged plants, will exceed the sum of $1,000,000; And whereas the plant and works of the Company enlarged as aforesaid, will employ approximately 200 additional men and afford employment for approx- imately 400 additional men in woods' operations; And whereas it is estimated that it will require approximately 2,400,000 cords of pulpwood to keep a plant of said capacity operating continuously for a period of 40 years; And whereas the Company is now entitled to the right to cut pulpwood on the following concessions: The "Nipigon Concession" consisting of 1,240 square miles, upon which there is estimated to be 319,560 cords of pulpwood; 82 REPORT OF THE No. 3 the "Sucker Creek" concession, consisting of 72 square miles, upon which there is estimated to be 41,410 cords of pulpwood, and the "Township of Hele" con- sisting of 48 square miles, upon which there is estimated to be 80,880 cords of pulpwood ; And whereas the estimated amount of pulpwood on the territory hereinafter described, other than the Concessions mentioned in the preceding paragraph hereof, is 2,462,388 cords; And whereas by advertisement duly published The Honourable the Minister of Lands and Forests for the Province of Ontario called for tenders to be received by him for the right to cut pulpwood and timber on the areas therein mentioned, including certain lands hereinafter described, subject to certain terms and con- ditions of sale; And whereas in pursuance of such advertisement the Company did deliver its tender to the said Minister, in and by which tender it offered to pay for such pulpwood and timber on the territory described in said tender, the prices follow- ing: Spruce pulpwood, upset price 50c, dues $1.40, additional 5c, total $1.95 per cord; Balsam pulpwood, upset bonus 40c, dues 70c, total $1.10 per cord; Poplar, upset bonus 10c, dues 40c, total 50c per cord; Jack-pine pulpwood, upset bonus 10c, dues 40c, total 50c per cord; Banksian or Jack-pine, upset bonus $3.50, dues $2.50 per M. feet B. M., total $6.00; And whereas the prices offered by said Company were the highest prices received for the territory covered by said tender; And whereas $2,00 per cord for spruce and $1.10 per cord for balsam were the highest prices offered pursuant to such advertisement by any tenderer in the District of Thunder Bay; And whereas the average price per cord for spruce and balsam on the said concessions now owned by the Company and on the territory described in the Company's said tender, computed on the basis of the prices payable under said concessions and at the prices of Two ($2.00) Dollars per cord for the spruce and One Dollar and ten cents ($1.10) per cord for the balsam on said territory is approximately Two Dollars and twenty-four cents ($2.24) per cord for said spruce and balsam timber on the whole of said concessions and territory, which said concessions and territory are hereinafter more particularly mentioned and described ; And whereas it is greatly in the public interest that the said concessions heretofore owned by the said Company should be brought under and made liable to all the provisions, restrictions and conditions in this agreement hereinafter particularly set forth ; And whereas the Company has surrendered to the Crown all its right, title and interest in and to the said concessions in order that the same may be made subject to the provisions of this agreement; And whereas it will be of great advantage to the Province of Ontario gener- ally, and aid materially in the advancement, development and settlement of the district in which the proposed enlargements to the said Company's plant are to be made, to have the plant of the said Company enlarged and improved as aforesaid; And whereas with its tender aforesaid, the Company did deposit with the Minister its marked cheque payable to the Honourable the Treasurer of the Province of Ontario for the sum of Fifty thousand ($50,000) Dollars; And whereas the concessions now owned by the Company have not a sufficient supply of pulpwood to warrant such enlargements ; 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 83 And whereas in view of the matters above recited the Minister has deemed it wise and in the pubUc interest to grant to the said Company the right to cut pulpwood as herein provided and has caused this agreement to be prepared so as to secure the erection by the Company of the said enlarged plant and at the same time to assure to the Company a supply of pulpwood sufficient to operate its enlarged plant to its full capacity for a period of twenty-one years from the date hereof or any extension or extensions hereof as are hereinafter provided for; Now this agreement witnesseth that the Minister with the approval of the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council, and subject to all the terms and conditions hereof, doth hereby grant to the Company for a period of twenty-one years from the date hereof, the right to cut and remove in and upon such parts of the fol- lowing territory as may from time to time be designated by the Minister, that is to say: Firstly — The territory included in the Company's said tender, the said Township of Hele, and the said Sucker Creek concession, which may be more particularly described as follows: Commencing at the southeast angle of Grand Trunk Pacific Block 3 as said Block was surveyed and laid down by Ontario Land Surveyor Thomas Fawcett, according to plan dated 1907; thence north along the east limit of said block 6 miles more or less to the northeast angle thereof; thence north in a straight line 6 miles more or less to intersect Ontario Land Surveyors Phillips and Benners first base line run in 1921, where Phillips and Benners meridian line run in 1921 takes its start; thence north along Phillips and Benners meridian line run in 1921, 12 miles to Phillips and Benners second base line of 1921; thence west along the last mentioned base line 12 chains 68 links; thence north along Phillips and Benners meridian line run in 1922, 23 miles 66 chains 63 links; thence east along Phillips and Benners base line run in 1922, 17 miles 79 chains 70 links more or less to the west boundary of the Nipi- gon Forest Reserve; thence continuing east astronomically 8 miles more or less to the shore of Chief Bay of Lake Nipigon; thence in a general course south- easterly and northeasterly following the shores of Chief Bay, Black Sturgeon Bay, Grand Bay and around Ingall Point in Lake Nipigon to the northerly end of Boggs' Portage; thence southerly across Boggs' Portage to the shore of Lake Nipigon; thence in a general course southwesterly following all the bays on the shore of Lake Nipigon to the intersection with the northerly boundary of the Black Sturgeon River pulp and timber limit; thence west along the north boundary of said pulp and timber limit 21 miles 11 chains 43 links to the north- west angle thereof; thence south along the west boundary of said limit 28 miles to the southwest angle thereof; thence east along the south boundary of said limit 30 miles 51 chains 21 links to the northwest angle of the township of Hele; thence east along the north boundary of the Township of Hele 6 miles to the northeast angle thereof; thence south along the east boundary of the Township of Hele 7 miles 74 chains 22 links to the southeast angle thereof; thence west along the south boundary of the Township of Hele 6 miles to the southwest angle thereof; thence continuing west along the north boundary of the Township of Stirling 2 miles 5 chains 30 links more or less to the northwest angle of the Township of Stirling; thence south along the west boundary of the Township of Stirling 5 miles 77 chains 33 links to the north boundary of the township of Dorion ; thence west along the north boundary of the Township of Dorion 7 miles 60 chains more or less to the northwest angle thereof; thence continuing west in a straight line 40 miles more or less to the point of commencement; Secondly — The Nipigon Pulp Concession, which may be more particularly described as follows: Commencing at the point in which the east limit of the 84 REPORT OF THE Xp. 3 Township of Nipigon intersects the north shore of Nipigon Bay of Lake Superior; thence north along the east boundary of the said township 5 miles and 363^ chains to the north-east angle of the township; thence east astronomically a distance of 5 miles and 30 chains more or less to a point south astronomically from the southeast angle of the Township of Ledger; thence north astronomically 7 miles more or less to the south-east angle of the said Township of Ledger; thence east astronomically along the south boundary of the Nipigon Forest Reserve 22 miles to the south-east angle thereof; thence north astronomically along the east boundary of the Nipigon Forest Reserve 8 miles; thence east astron- omically a distance of 28 miles more or less to a point of intersection with the west boundary of the Pic River Pulp and Timber Boundary produced north; thence south 8 miles more or less to the north-west angle of said Pic River Pulp and Timber Limit and continuing south along the west boundary of said timber limit 23 miles more or less to the north shore of Lake Superior; thence westerly and north-westerly following the shore of Lake Superior to the place of beginning, containing an area of 1,240 square miles more or less, excepting from the above described area the right of way and lands of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company and all lands patented, leased or sold therein — sufficient pulpwood to enable the Company to operate its enlarged plant continuously to its full capacity; and if at any time during said period of twenty-one years or any ex- tensions thereof as are hereinafter provided for, it should appear that for any reasons whatever there is not sufficient pulpwood timber on the said territory to supply the Company with sufficient pulpwood to enable it to operate its en- larged plant continuously to its full capacity the Minister will grant to the Company the right to cut pulpwood timber on other ungranted Crown lands to be designated by him, and to be situate as near as possible to the City of Port Arthur, on the same terms and conditions as are herein contained ; The whole of the area above described is hereinafter referred to as "the territory," 1. The said Company shall increase the capacity of its said plant at the City of Port Arthur until same shall consist of a ground-wood pulp mill with a capacity of 70 tons of mechanical pulp per day, a sulphite pulp mill with a capacity of 50 tons of bleached pulp per day, and a paper mill with a capacity of 90 tons of newsprint per day, and shall instal in such plant all necessary machinery and equipment for the manufacture of book paper of a quality equal to that now used in the publication of school books in the Province of Ontario. 2. The construction of the additions and enlargements necessary to increase the capacity of said plant to the extent mentioned in this paragraph shall be commenced forthwith, and shall be completed on or before the 31st day of Decem- ber 1927. At least $50,000 shall be expended before the 1st day of July 1926; an additional sum of $200,000 before the first day of July 1927, and the total amount necessary to complete the said enlarged plant on or before the 31st day of December 1927. 3. The Company shall also construct at the said City of Port Arthur a soda pulp mill for the production of soda pulp for use in the making of book paper, or some other plant equally efficient for the purpose of making book paper, when and so soon as market conditions in the Province of Ontario will justify such expenditure, of which fact the Minister shall be the sole judge. 4. The soda pulp mill or other book paper plant referred to in the preceding paragraph hereof, shall have a capacity of 50 tons, shall require an expenditure of at least $1,000,000, and shall when constructed employ in the operation thereof at least 150 men. 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 85 5. The plans for the additions and enlargements to the Company's said plant and said soda pulp mill or other book paper plant hereinbefore mentioned, shall be submitted to and approved of by the Minister, and such additions and enlarge- ments shall be completed within the time above mentioned to the satisfaction of the Minister. 6. The said Company shall expend in additions, enlargements and better- ments to its said existing plant at the City of Port Arthur and in works necessary and advisable for the efficient operation of said plant at said City of Port Arthur the sum of $1,000,000, exclusive of the cost of said soda pulp mill or other book paper plant, or such other sum as shall be sufficient to construct and complete in all respects a modern well-equipped pulp and paper plant of the dimensions, capacity and character hereinbefore provided for, and shall furnish proof to the satisfaction of the Minister of such expenditure. 7. The Company shall from and after the 31st day of December 1927, constantly employ at least 1,000 men in the operation of its pulp and paper plant in the Province of Ontario (at least 450 of whom shall be employed in such enlarged plant at Port Arthur) and it will directly or indirectly afford employ- ment in its woods' operations for not less than six months in each year for an average of 800 men ; Provided that if the Company through accident, interruption to power or other cause not attributable to any default on its part, shall at any time or times be unable to give continuous employment to the number of men provided for in this paragraph, the Minister may by order in writing under his hand, relieve the Company from time to time from its liability so to do. No such order shall in any way invalidate this paragraph or relieve the Company from liability thereunder, other than and to the extent specifically set forth in such written order. 8. The deposit of Fifty thousand Dollars ($50,000) made by the Company with its tender, shall remain on deposit until the enlarged plant herein provided for, has been completed and put in operation. After said plant has been com- pleted and is in regular operation, the said Fifty thousand ($50,000) dollars may be applied on accqunt of moneys payable by the Company hereunder. The Company shall also furnish a bond of an approved Guarantee Company satisfactory to the Minister in the sum of Two hundred thousand ($200,000) dollars, to secure the performance of its obligations hereunder. 9. The woods and timber covered by this agreement are spruce, balsam, banksian or jack-pine, poplar and whitewood trees. 10. The right to sell banksian or jack-pine other than for pulpwood and to authorize the purchaser to cut and remove the same, is hereby specifically reserved to the Crown, but it is distinctly understood and agreed that the Com- pany shall cut and remove from the territory from time to time designated by the Minister as hereinafter provided, banksian or jack-pine logs and all other merchantable timber of every character and kind whatsoever upon said area, so that the same may be cut clean and according to approved lumbering methods, in such manner as the Minister may from time to time direct and to his satisfaction. 11. All banksian or jack-pine cut into logs under the provision of para- graph 10 hereof shall be manufactured into lumber, ties or other manufactured products to the satisfaction of the Minister in the Province of Ontario. 12. The Company shall not hew any timber into ties without having first obtained the consent in writing of the Minister, and if such consent be given, the price to be paid by the Company for ties so hewn shall be fixed by the Min- ister in and by the writing containing such consent. 86 REPORT OF THE No. 3 13. Whenever in the opinion of the Minister there is spruce, balsam or poplar too large for pulpwood on the areas in which the Company is operating, the same shall be cut into logs and paid for by the Company at such prices as may be determined by the Minister in writing. 14. All spruce, balsam or poplar cut into logs, under the provision of the provisions of the preceding paragraph hereof shall be manufactured into lumber or other manufactured products to the satisfaction of the Minister in the Prov- ince of Ontario. 15. All pulpwood cut by the Company under this agreement shall be manu- factured into newsprint or other finished product of pulp approved by the Lieu- tenant-Governor-in-Council and requiring the expenditure of no less labour and money in the manufacture thereof than is required in the manufacture of newsprint at the Company's said plant at Port Arthur or at its other plants in the Province of Ontario. 16. When and so soon as the Company has erected the soda pulp mill hereinbefore provided for, the Company shall utilize the product of such mill or such part thereof as the Minister may from tine to time designate, in the manu- facture of book paper of a quality equal to that now used in the publication of school books in the Province of Ontario. 17. It is distinctly understood that the right is hereby reserved to the Crown to deal with the lands above described and the timber standing, growing and being thereon for reforestation and other purposes as the Minister may see fit, and in particular, but not so as in any way to limit or restrict the generality of the foregoing, it is hereby specifically stipulated and agreed as follows: (a) All red and white pine on said territory is reserved to the Crown. (b) The Crown reserves and excepts from the lands above described the right of way of any and all railways or travelled roads, islands, Indian Reserves and all lands under the water of all rivers, lakes and streams ; also all lands heretofore patented, licensed, leased, located or applied for in respect of which such proceedings have been taken or shall hereafter be taken as in the opinion of the Minister of Lands and Forests entitles the applicant or applicants to a lease or patent of such land, together with right to sell, lease, locate or otherwise dispose of any lands within the area allocated for settlement, mining, summer resort or other purposes on such terms and conditions as may be deemed advisable. (c) All water powers and privileges on the said territory are reserved to the Crown. (d) The Company shall not have the right to cut or remove timber of any kind from any lands already under timber license or permit from the Crown, without the special permission in writing of the Minister. (e) In no event shall cutting be performed within one-half mile in per- pendicular width along the shores of Lake Nipigon, without the consent in writing of the Minister. 18. On or before the first of September in each year, the Company shall apply to and get the permission in writing of the Minister for the area within said territory on which the cutting for the then coming season shall take place, and the Company shall not be entitled to cut any other place or places in said terri- tory other than and except those specially designated in such permission. At the end of the season's operations, and on or before the first day of June in each 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 87 and every year, the Company shall file with the Minister a map indicating thereon the area cut over during the preceding season, and the kinds and quan- tities of wood and timber taken therefrom. 19. The Minister shall have the right in and by the written permission provided for in the preceding paragraph hereof, to fix a minimum diameter for all timber to be cut and to make any regulations and impose any restrictions and conditions in connection with the cutting of pulpwood and timber on such area that he may think right and proper for the purpose of preserving young timber in the interests of reforestation or for any other purpose. The Minister shall also have the right to require the Company to leave any suitable seed trees that may from time to time be selected by him, and to conform to any other regu- lations in connection with the cutting of such pulpwood and timber he may deem proper. 20. The Company shall take such precautions and employ such means to prevent injury or destruction by fire upon said territory as the Minister may require, and shall pay an annual charge for fire protection of $3.20 per square mile, or such other rate as may be from time to time fixed by the Lieutenant-Gover- nor-in-Council. The Minister shall fix the area upon which fire protection charge is payable. 21. Pulpwood taken out in four foot or eight foot lengths shall be measured, returned and paid for on the basis of 128 cubic feet to each stacked cord. Pulp- wood taken out in lengths above 8 feet shall be measured in the log on the cubic basis and each 100 cubic feet shall constitute a cord. 22. It is distinctly understood that the Minister does not guarantee any quantity of wood on the said territory and that the only right conferred upon the Company hereby is the right to cut and remove wood and timber herein- before described sufficient to enable the Company to operate its enlarged plant continuously to its full capacity during said term of twenty-one years, and any extension or extensions thereof as are hereinafter provided for on such areas within said territory or within any other territory as from time to time may be designated by the Minister pursuant and subject to the terms and conditions herein contained, and subject to such further terms, conditions and regulations as to the cutting, measuring, removing and driving of the same, as may from time to time be imposed by the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council, or by the Minister. 23. Proper sworn returns of the quantity of wood and other timber cut each season shall be made to the Government in conformity with the Crown Timber Regulations, and payment shall be made for such wood and timber not later than the first day of October, in each year, and the Government in addition to all the rights and powers herein contained shall have all the rights and powers in respect of enforcing such payments as are now provided in the case of timber cut under The Crown Timber Act, On all arrears of accounts due and payable on October 1st, interest at the rate of six per cent, per annum shall be charged up to the 31st of October of the same year, or for one month and thereafter at the rate of one per cent, per month until paid. 24. The Minister shall have the right to inspect the timber operations car- ried on by the Company at any time he may deem it advisable, or in the public interests so to do, and if such inspection shall show that the timber operations are carried on in such a way that any merchantable or valuable timber, which should be removed, is being left or destroyed, he shall have the right to estimate the said timber and charge the same to the Company at the same rate of dues and bonuses as if it had been actually removed. The cutting and removing 88 REPORT OF THE No. 3 of the timber on the terrotory, or any part thereof, shall not be deemed to have been completed until it has been examined by an officer of the Crown, and the operation has been declared satisfactory by the Minister. 25. No refuse, sawdust, chemicals or matter of any other kind shall be placed or deposited in any river, stream or other waters, which shall be or may be injurious to game and fish life. 26. All slash made about camps, dumps, along tote roads, railroads or any other points which constitute a serious fire menace, shall be disposed of by and at the expense of the company in accordance with the Forest Fires Prevention Act and amendments thereto, and regulations made thereunder. 27. The Company shall co-operate to the satisfaction of the Minister in the purchase of all bona fide settlers' pulpwood. 28. All bona fide accounts due for settlers' pulpwood purchased by the company shall constitute a first claim against the company. 29. The company shall pay to the Party of the First Part, subject to the provisions and conditions herein contained, and subject to such other conditions, orders and regulations as may be hereafter passed or enacted relating thereto, the following prices for said wood and timber: For spruce and balsam pulpwood $2.24 per cord; for poplar and jack-pine pulpwood 50c per cord, and for jack-pine other than for pulpwood purposes $6.00 per M. feet. B.M. 30. The Company hereby covenants and agrees to and with the Minister to observe, perform and keep all the covenants, agreements, provisions and conditions on its part herein contained. 31. Failure to enlarge said plant or to make the expenditure hereinbefore provided for or to employ the men as hereinbefore set forth or to observe, perform and keep any of the covenants, agreements, provisions and conditions on its part herein contained, shall forfeit all the right of the Company hereunder, and shall cause the deposit hereinbefore mentioned to be forfeited to and become the property of the Crown. 32. If upon the termination of said period of twenty-one years, the Company shall have fully performed the terms and conditions hereinbefore set forth to the satisfaction of the Minister, it shall be entitled to an extension hereof for a further term of ten years upon such terms and conditions (including the prices to be paid for wood and timber) as may then be fixed by the Minister, and at the expiration of such period of ten years to a further extension of ten years upon such terms and conditions (including the prices to be paid for wood and timber) as may then be fixed by the Minister. If at the expiration of the last of such renewals the Company shall have in all respects fully performed the terms and conditions hereinbefore set forth and shall have maintained its plant and property in a high state of efficiency to the satisfaction of the Minister in all respects so that it shall then appear to the Minister desirable in the public interest to continue and maintain the operations of the said plant, the Minister shall grant to the Company a further extension or extensions of this agreement on such terms and conditions (including the prices to be paid for wood and timber,) as may then be fixed by him. 33. The manufacturing clauses of The Crown Timber Act and amendments to the said The Crown Timber Act, and all other clauses, acts and regulations relating in any way to the cutting of timber on Crown lands, shall be applicable to the operation of the Company, and shall be binding upon the Company as fully and effectually as if they had been set forth herein. Provided always, that 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 89 nothing contained in such clauses, acts and regulations shall limit, restrict or curtail the duties, liabilities and obligations imposed upon the company by virtue of this agreement. 34. That as required by the Minister upon reasonable notice the company will at the market price from time to time, furnish to Canadian publishers each month, such a proportion of the output of the paper mill as shall be demanded by the Minister; provided however, that the Company shall not be required to so furnish more than fifteeen per cent, from time to time of its total output. 35. The decision of the Minister as to the true intent and meaning of this agreement shall be final and binding upon the company. 36. This agreement shall be binding upon and enure to the benefit of the Company and its assigns, but this agreement and the rights of the Company thereunder shall not be assigned without the consent of the Minister. In witness whereof the parties hereto have executed these presents the day and year first above written. Signed, Sealed and Delivered in the presence of (Sgd.) W. C. Cain as to signature of Minister. (Sgd. S. F. Duncan, SEAL (Sgd.) G. H. Ferguson, Minister of Lands and Forests. PROVINCIAL PAPER MILLS, LIMITED. SEAL (Sgd. I. H. Weldon, (Sgd.) W.S.Barber, President, Secretary. Appendix No. 31 AGREEMENT made and entered into this fifth day of January, A.D., 1926. Between HIS MAJESTY THE KING, represented herein by the Minis- ter of Lands and Forests of the Province of Ontario, herein- after referred to as "the Minister," of the First Part, and SPRUCE FALLS COMPANY, LTD., hereinafter referred to as "the Company," of the Second Part. Whereas the Company is now operating at the Town of Kapuskasing in the Township of O'Brien in the District of Temiskaming, a plant for the manufac- ture of pulp, having a capacity of 115 tons of sulphite pulp per day. 90 REPORT OF THE No. 3 And whereas the Company now employs in its said plant at Kapuskasing, approximately 225 men and also affords employment for approximately 1,000 men in the woods operations carried on to provide the said plant with a supply of wood. And whereas the Company has expended in the erection and equipment of its said plant and in the development of water power and otherwise upwards of Five Million, Five hundred Thousand dollars ($5,500,000.00). And whereas the Company is desirous of enlarging its plant so that the same will ultimately comprise a ground woodpulp mill with a capacity of 325 tons of mechanical pulp per day, sulphite pulp mill with a capacity of 115 tons of sulphite pulp per day, and a paper mill of a capacity of 550 tons per day. And whereas the expenditure involved in enlarging the Company's plant to the extent and in the manner above described, and in developing water powers, building tramways, and in undertaking and completing other works necessary or advisable for the efficient operation of the said enlarged plant, will exceed the sum of Twelve Million dollars ($12,000,000). And whereas the plant and works of the Company enlarged as aforesaid will employ approximately 700 men, and will afford employment for approxi- mately 3,500 men in woods operations. And whereas by advertisement duly published the Honourable the Minister of Lands and Forests for the Province of Ontario called for tenders to be received by him for the right to cut pulpwood on the areas therein mentioned, including the lands hereinafter described, subject to certain terms and conditions of sale. And whereas in pursuance of such advertisement the Company did deliver its tender to the said Minister in and by which tender it offered to pay for such pulpwood the prices hereinafter set forth. And whereas with its tender aforesaid the Company did deposit with the Minister its marked cheque payable to the Honourable the Treasurer of the Province of Ontario for the sum of Fifty Thousand dollars ($50,000). And whereas it will be of great advantage to the Province of Ontario and aid materially in the advancement, development and settlement of the district in which the Company's plant is located to have the plant of the Company en- larged in manner aforesaid. And whereas the Company is willing to undertake and agree to conduct and build a logging railway for the purpose of transporting its logs from a point at or near Smoky Falls in the Township of Harmon, to a point at or near the said Town of Kapuskasing, in such manner as the Minister may require and develop the power of Smoky Falls and build a transmission line or lines from Smoky Falls to its plant at Kapuskasing. And whereas the Company is willing, whenever required by the Minister so to do, to erect a saw mill at or near the station of Fauquier on the Canadian National Railway for the purpose of manufacturing lumber from wood other tha.n pulpwood. And whereas in view of the matters above recited, the Minister has deemed it wise and in the public interest to grant to the said Company, the right to cut pulpwood as herein provided and has caused this agreement to be prepared so as to secure the erection by the Company of the said enlarged plant and at the same time to assure to the Company a supply of pulpwood sufficient to operate its enlarged plant to its full capacity for a period of twenty-one years, from the date hereof or any extension or extensions hereon as are hereinafter provided for. Now this agreement witnesseth that the Minister, with the approval of the Lieutenant-Goveinor-in-Council, and subject to all the terms and conditions 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 91 hereof, doth hereby grant to the Company for a period of twenty-one years from the date hereof, the right to cut and remove in and upon such parts of the follow- ing territory as may from time to time, be designated by the Minister, that is to say: the Townships of Clouston, Buchan, Wadsworth, Lisgar, Seaton, Fenton, Staples, Casselman, Slack, Griffin, Watson, Poulett, Hicks, Stringer, MacVicar, Carmichael, Ford, Oak, Aitken, Fortune, Guilfoyle, Boyle, Bradley, Harmon, Mowbray, Hopkins, Cockshutt, Howells, Clay, Tucker, Beardmore, Hurdman, Agate, Marceau, Sheldon, Traill and the west one-half of Adanac, all in the District of Cochrane, in the Province of Ontario, sufficient pulpwood timber to enable the company to operate its enlarged plant continuously to its full capacity, and if at any time during said period of twenty-one years or any extension or extensions thereof as are hereinafter provided for, it should appear that for any reason whatever, there is not sufficient pulpwood timber on the said territory to supply the Company with sufficient pulpwood to enablp it to operate its enlarged plant continuously to its full capacity, the Minister will grant to the Company the right to cut pulpwood timber on other ungranted Crown Lands to be designated by him and to be situate as near as possible to the Town of Kapuskasing, on the same terms and conditions as are herein contained. 1. The said Company shall increase the capacity of its said plant until the same shall consist of a ground-woodpulp mill, having a daily capacity of 325 tons of mechanical pulp; a sulphite pulp mill with a daily capacity of 115 tons of sulphite pulp; a paper mill with a daily capacity of 400 tons of newsprint. The construction of the additions and enlargements necessary to increase the capacity of said plant to the extent mentioned in this paragraph, shall be com- menced forthwith; Five Hundred Thousand dollars ($500,000) will be expended before the first day of July, 1926, Three Million dollars ($3,000,000) additional before the first day of July, 1927, and the entire construction will be completed before the first day of July, 1928, and the Company will before said date develop the power at Smoky Falls and build a transmission line or lines from Smoky Falls to its said plant at Kapuskasing; and thereafter and within five years from date hereof, the Company will increase the capacity of its paper mill until the ultimate capacity thereof shall be 550 tons of newsprint per day. 2. The plans for the additions and enlargements to said plant mentioned in the preceding paragraph hereof, shall be submitted to and approved by the Minister, and such additions and enlargements shall be completed within the time above mentioned, to the satisfaction of the Minister. 3. The said Company shall expend in additions, enlargements and better- ments to said existing plant and in developing water powers, building tramways and other works necessary or advisable for the efficient operation of the said plant, at least the sum of Twelve Million dollars ($12,000,000) and shall furnish proof to the satisfaction of the said Minister of such expenditures. 4. The Company shall from and after the expiration of three years from the date hereof, constantly employ at least 700 men within or adjacent to the Town of Kapuskasing, in or about the operation of said enlarged plant, and it will directly or indirectly afford employment in woods operations for not less than six months in each year for an average of 3,500 men, during the whole of said period of twenty-one years. 5. The deposit of $50,000, made by the Company with its tender, shall remain on deposit until the enlarged plant hereinbefore provided for, has been completed, and put in operation. After said plant has been completed and is in regular operation, the said $50,000 may be applied on account of moneys 92 REPORT OF THE Xo. 3 payable by the Company hereunder. The Company shall also furnish a bond satisfactory to the Minister in the sum of Two hundred thousand dollars to secure the performance of its obligations hereunder. 6. The woods and timber covered by this agreement are spruce, balsam, banksian or jackpine, poplar and whitewood trees. 7. The right to sell banksian or jackpine and to authorize the purchaser to cut and remove the same, is hereby reserved to the Crown, but the Minister may from time to time if he deems wise, permit the Company to cut and remove banksian or jackpine logs and the Minister may at any time require the Company to cut banksian or jackpine on areas covered by its operations. 8. All banksian or jackpine cut into logs under the provisions of paragraph 7 hereof shall be manufactured into lumber, ties or other manufactured products to the satisfaction of the Minister in the Province of Ontario. 9. The Company shall not hew any timber into ties without having first obtained the consent in writing of the Minister, and if such consent be given, the price to be paid by the Company for ties so hewn shall be fixed by the Minister in and by the writing containing such consent. 10. Whenever in the opinion of the Minister there is spruce, balsam or poplar too large for pulpwood on the areas in which the company is operating, the same shall be cut into logs and paid for by the Company at such prices as may be determined by the Minister in writing. 11. All spruce, balsam, or poplar cut into logs, under the provisions of the preceding paragraph hereof shall be manufactured into lumber or other manu- factured products to the satisfaction of the Minister in the Province of Ontario. 1 2. All pulpwood cut by the Company under this agreement shall be manufactured into newsprint or other finished product of pulp approved by the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council, and requiring the expenditure of no less labour and money in the manufacture thereof, than is required in the manufacture of newsprint at the Company's said plant at Kapuskasing. 13. It is distinctly understood that the right is hereby reserved to the Crown to deal with the lands above described and the timber standing, growing and being thereon, for reforestation and other purposes as the Minister may deem fit, and in particular, but not so as in any way to limit the generality of the foregoing, it. is hereby specifically stipulated and agreed as follows: — (a) All red and white pine on said territory is reserved to the Crown. (b) The Crown reserves and excepts from the lands above described the right of way of any and all railways or travelled roads, islands, Indian reserves and all lands under the water of all rivers, lakes and streams; also all lands heretofore patented, licensed, leased, located, or applied for in respect of which such proceedings have been taken or shall hereafter be taken as in the opinion of the Minister of Lands and Forests, entitles the applicant or applicants to a lease or patent of such lands, together with the right to sell, lease, locate or otherwise dispose of any lands, within the area already located for settlement, mining, summer resort or other purposes on such terms and conditions as may be deemed advisable. (c) All water powers and privileges on the said territory are reserved to the Crown. (d) The Company shall not have the right to cut or remove timber of any kind from any lands already under timber license or permit from the Crown, without the special permission in writing of the Minister. 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 93 14. On or before the first of September in each year, the Company shall apply to and get the permission in writing of the Minister for the area within said territory on which the cutting for the then coming season shall take place, and the Company shall not be entitled to cut at any place or places in said terri- tory other than and except those specially designated in such permission. At the end of each season's operations, and on or before the first day of June in each and every year, the Company shall file with the Minister, a map indicating thereon the area cut over during the preceding season, and the kinds and quantities of wood and timber taken therefrom. 15. The Minister shall in and by the written permission provided for in the preceding paragraph hereof, designate the kind or kinds of timber to be cut on the area covered by such permission, and the Company shall cut all merchantable wood and timber so designated on such area in such manner as the Minister may from time to time direct. 16. The Company shall take such precautions and employ such means to prevent injury or destruction by fire upon said territory as the Minister may require, and shall pay an annual charge for fire protection of $3.20 per square mile, or such other rate as may be from time to time fixed by the Lieutenant- Go vernor-in-Council. The Minister shall fix the area upon which fire protection charge is payable. 17. Pulpwood taken out in four foot or eight foot lengths shall be measured, returned and paid for on the basis of 128 cubic feet to each stacked cord. Pulp- wood taken out in lengths above 8 feet shall be measured in the log on the cubic basis and each 100 cubic feet shall constitute a cord. 18. It is distinctly understood that the Minister does not guarantee any quantity of wood on the said territory and that the only right conferred upon the Company hereby is the right to cut wood and timber hereinbefore described sufficient to enable the Company to operate its enlarged plant continuously to its full capacity during said term of twenty-one years and any extension or extensions thereof as are hereinbefore provided for on such areas within said territory or within any other territory as from time to time may be designated by the Minister pursuant and subject to the terms and conditions herein con- tained, and subject to such further terms, conditions and regulations as to the cutting, measuring, removing and driving of the same, as may from time to time be imposed by the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council, or by the Minister. 19. Proper sworn returns of the quantity of wood and other timber cut each season shall be made to the Government in conformity with the Crown Timber Regulations, and payment shall be made for such wood and timber not later than the first day of October in each year, and the Government shall have all the rights and powers in respect of enforcing such payment as are now provided in the case of timber cut under The Crown Timber Act. On all arrears of accounts due and payable on October 1st, interest at the rate of six per cent, per annum shall be charged up to the 31st October of the same year, or for one month and thereafter at the rate of one per cent, per month until paid. 20. The Minister shall have the right to inspect the timber operations on the allotted territory at any time he may deem it advisable, or in the public interests so to do, and if such inspection shall show that the timber operations are carried on in such a way that any merchantable or valuable timber, which should be removed, is being left or destroyed he shall have the right to estimate the said timber and charge the same to the Company at the same rate of dues and bonus as if it had been actually removed. The cutting and removing of the timber on the territory, or any part thereof, shall not be deemed to have 94 REPORT OF THP: No. 3 been completed until it has been examined by an officer of the Crown, and the operation has been declared satisfactory by the Minister of Lands and Forests. 21. No refuse, sawdust, chemicals or matter of any other kind shall be placed or deposited in any river, stream or other waters, which shall be or may be injurious to game and fish life. 22. All slash made about camps, dumps, along tote roads, railroads or any other points which constitute a serious fire menace shall be disposed of by and at the expense of the Company in accordance with the Forest Fires Prevention Act and amendments thereto, and Regulations made thereunder. 23. The Company shall co-operate to the satisfaction of the Minister in the purchase of all bona fide settlers' pulpwood. 24. All bona fide accounts due for settlers' pulpwood purchased by the Company shall constitute a first claim against the Company. 25. The Company shall pay to the party of the first part, subject to the provisions and conditions herein contained, and subject to such other conditions, orders and regulations as may be hereafter passed or enacted relating thereto, the following prices for said wood and timber. Spruce pulpwood — per cord, an upset price of 50c in addition to Crown Dues of $1.40 with an additional 15c added, making a total of $2.05 per cord. Balsam pulpwood — per cord, an upset price of 40c in addition to Crown Dues of 70c with an additional 10c added, making a total of $1.20 per cord. Poplar pulpwood — per cord, an upset price of 10c in addition to Crown Dues of 40c making a total of 50c per cord. Jackpine pulpwood — per cord, an upset price of 10c in addition to Crown Dues of 40c, making a total of 50c per cord. Jackpine — (per M. ft. B.M.), an upset price of $3.50 per M. feet B.M. in addition to Crown Dues of $2.50 per M. feet B.M., making a total of $6.00 per M. feet B.M. 26. The Company hereby covenants and agrees to and with the Minister to observe, perform and keep all the covenants, agreements, provisions and condi- tions on its part herein contained. 27. Failure to enlarge said plant or to make the expenditure hereinbefore provided for or to employ the men as hereinbefore set forth or to observe, perform and keep any of the covenants, agreements, provisions and conditions on its part herein contained, shall forfeit all the right of the Company hereunder, and shall cause the deposit hereinbefore mentioned to be forfeited to and become the absolute property of the Crown. 28. Whenever required by the Minister so to do the Company will construct and build a logging railway for the purpose of transporting its logs from a point at or near Smoky Falls in the Township of Harmon to a point at or near the said Town of Kapuskasing in such manner as the Minister may require on receiving from the Minister a License of Occupation for the lands required for the right of way of such logging railway. Such License of Occupation shall be in such form and subject to such terms and conditions in all respects as the Minister may determine. Among other things it shall provide for the right of the Company to erect and maintain a power transmission line on such right of way for the purpose of transmitting power to be developed by the Company at Smoky Falls, and if the Minister sees fit it may provide for the expropriation or taking over by the Minister or the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway Commission at any time of such logging railway, paying the Company by way of compensation therefor such sum or sums as the Minister may deem 1927 DP:PARTMENT of lands and forests 95 proper upon the same being appropriated for the purpose by the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario. 29. If upon the termination of said period of twenty-one years, the Company shall have fully performed the terms and conditions hereinbefore set forth to the satisfaction of the Minister, it shall be entitled to an extension hereof for a further term of ten years, upon such terms and conditions (including the prices to be paid for wood and timber) as may then be fixed by the Minister and at the expiration of such period of ten years to a further extension of ten years, upon such terms and conditions (including the prices to be paid for wood and timber) as may then be fixed by the Minister. If at the expiration of the last of such renewals the Company shall have in all respects fully performed the terms and conditions hereinbefore set forth and shall have maintained its plant and property in a high state of efficiency to the satisfaction of the Minister in all respects and so that it shall then appear to the Minister desirable in the public interest to continue and maintain the operation of the said plant, the Minister shall grant to the Company a further renewal or renewals of this agreement on such terms and conditions (including the prices to be paid for wood and timber) as may then be fixed by him. 30. The manufacturing clauses of the Crown Timber Act and amendments thereto, and all other clauses, Acts and regulations relating to the cutting of timber on Crown Lands, shall be applicable to the operations of the Company, and shall be binding upon the Company as fully and effectually as if they had been set forth herein. Provided always, that nothing contained in such clauses, Acts and regulations shall limit, restrict, or curtail the duties, liabilities and obligations imposed upon the Company by virtue of this agreement. 31. The Company shall route all its freight both incoming and outgoing, over the lines of the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway Commission whenever as favorable rates can be obtained by routing such freight, by or over that line as by any other route. 32. That as required by the Minister upon reasonable notice the Company will at the market price from time to time furnish to Canadian Publishers each month such a proportion of the output of the paper mill as shall be demanded by the Minister: provided however that the Company shall not be required to so furnish more than fifteen per cent, from time to time of its total output. 33. The decision of the Minister as to the true intent and meaning of this agreement shall be final and binding upon the Company. 34. This agreement shall be binding upon and enure to the benefit of the Company and its assigns, but this agreement and the rights of the Company thereunder shall not be assigned without the consent of the Minister. In witness whereof the parties hereto have executed these presents the day and year first above written. Signed, Sealed and Delivered in the presence of (Sgd.) M. E. Hare, as to the signature of the Minister (Sgd. Strachan Johnston, as to the Spruce Falls Company, Limited . (Sgd.) Jas. Lyons, Minister. SPRUCE FALLS COMPANY, LIMITED. (Sgd. F. J. Sensenbrenner, President. (Sgd.) J. H. Black, Assistant Secretary. 96 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 32 AGREEMENT made and entered into this twenty-first day of September, A.D.,1926. Between : HIS MAJESTY THE KING, represented herein by the Min- ister of Lands and Forests of the Province of Ontario, here- inafter referred to as "the Minister." of the First Part, AND FORT WILLIAM PAPER COMPANY, LIMITED, herein- after referred to as "The Company," of the Second Part, Whereas the said Company is now operating a pulp and paper plant at the City of Fort William, in the District of Thunder Bay, consisting of a ground- wood pulp mill having a capacity of 160 tons of ground-wood pulp per day, and a paper mill having a capacity of 175 tons of newsprint per day; And whereas the said Company has expended in the erection and equipment of said plant, and in a site for the same, upwards of Four Million dollars, and has since its incorporation expended for labour, raw material and supplies in connection with such plant, a further sum of over Four Million dollars; And whereas the said Company employs in its said plant at Fort William 225 men, and in its woods' operations during the time in each year such opera- tions are carried on, over 1,200 men; And whereas the annual consumption of wood by said plant is approxi- mately 70,000 cords; And whereas the said Company's supply of wood, available for said plant, on lands upon which it now has the right to cut is only sufficient to keep said plant operating to capacity for a comparatively short period and is not sufficient to place the business of the Company on a permanent basis or to justify any enlargements or extensions thereof. And whereas the Company is desirous of enlarging its plant, so that the same will comprise a ground-wood pulp mill with a capacity of 350 tons of mechan- ical pulp per day; a sulphite pulp mill with a capacity of 100 tons of unbleached sulphite pulp per day, and a paper mill of a capacity of 425 tons of newsprint per day; And whereas the proposed enlarged plant described in the preceding para- graph hereof will consume in its operations approximately 175,000 cords of pulpwood annually; And whereas upon the completion of the works hereinbefore mentioned the said Company will have a capital investment in said plant of over Ten Million dollars ($10,000,000) ; And whereas the plant and works of the Company enlarged as aforesaid will employ approximately 580 men and will afford employment for approxi- mately 3,000 additional men in woods' operations; And whereas by advertisement duly published, The Honourable the Minis- ter of Lands and Forests for the Province of Ontario called for tenders to be 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 97 received by him for the right to cut pulpwood and timber on the areas therein mentioned, including the lands hereinafter referred to, subject to certain terms and conditions of sale; And whereas in pursuance of such advertisement the Company did deliver its tender to the said Minister, in and by which tender it offered to pay for such pulpwood and timber on the territory described in said tender, the prices here- inafter mentioned, which said prices were the highest received for the territory covered by said tender, and also the highest offered pursuant to such advertise- ment by any tenderer for pulpwood and timber in the District of Thunder Bay; And whereas with its tender aforesaid, the Company did deposit with the Minister its marked cheque payable to the Honourable the Treasurer of the Province of Ontario, for the sum of Fifty Thousand dollars ($50,000) ; And whereas it will be of great advantage to the Province of Ontario gener- ally, and aid materially in the advancement, development and settlement of the City of Fort William and the territory adjacent thereto, to have said plant enlarged and the business of the Company placed on a permanent basis; And whereas in view of the matters above recited, the Minister has deemed it wise and in the public interest to grant to the said Company the right to cut pulpwood as herein provided and has caused this agreement to be prepared so as to secure the erection by the Company of the said enlarged plant and at the same time to assure to the Company a supply of pulpwood sufficient to operate its enlarged plant to its full capacity for a period of twenty-one years from the date hereof or any extension or extensions hereof as are hereinafter provided for; Now this agreement witnesseth that the Minister with the approval of the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council, and subject to all the terms and conditions hereof, doth hereby grant to the Company for a period of twenty-one years, from the date hereof, the right to cut and remove in and upon such parts of the following territory, situate, lying westerly of Lake Nipigon, in the District of Thunder Bay and Province of Ontario, as may from time to time be designated by the Minister, that is to say; Parcel One: Commencing at a point in the west limit of the Nipigon Forest Reserve where it is intersected by the northerly base line run by Ontario Land Surveyors Phillips & Benner in 1922, said point being north 6 miles, 53 chains, 35 links from the northwest angle of Black Sturgeon River Pulp and Timber Limit; thence west along said base line 17 miles, 79 chains, 70 links to the meridian line, run by said Ontario Land Surveyors in 1922; thence south along said meri- dian line 12 miles, to the southerly base line run by Ontario Land Surveyors Phillips and Benner in 1922; thence west along the last mentioned base line 20 miles more or less to the 4 mile post planted by said Ontario Land Surveyors on said base line and being at the distance of 4 miles east from the meridian line run by Ontario Land Surveyor K. G. Ross in 1921; thence north astronomically from said 4 mile post 44 miles; thence east astronomically 26 miles; thence south astronomically 20 miles more or less to Ontario Land Surveyor Ross base line in 1922; thence east along said last mentioned base line 12 miles more or less to the westerly limit of the Nipigon Forest Reserve; thence north along said limit 4 miles more or less to a point west astronomically from the southwest angle of the Gull River Indian Reserve; thence east astronomically to the south- west angle of said Indian Reserve and continuing east astronomically along the south boundary of the same 6 miles, 40 chains, more or less to the shores of 4 L.P. 98 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Kaiashk Bay of Lake Nipigon ; thence in a general course easterly, southerly and westerly but following in all directions, the shores of Lake Nipigon and the bays thereof to a point in Chief Bay east astronomically from the point of com- mencement; thence west astronomically 8 miles more or less to the point of commencement. Parcel Two: Commencing at a point 10 miles, 40 chains east astronomically from the west limit of the Nipigon Forest Reserve ^nd in the production easterly of the northerly limit of said first described parcel; thence south astronomically 15 miles more or less to the shores of Kaiashk Bay of Lake Nipigon ; thence in a general direction southerly, easterly, and northerly but following in all direc- tions the shores of Lake Nipigon and the bays thereof to a point east astronom- ically from the point of commencement; thence west astronomically 4 miles more or less to the point of commencement. Parcel Three: Commencing at the northeast angle of lands described in parcel 1, being a point 30 miles east of O.L.S., K. G. Ross' meridian line of 1921; thence from said point of commencement south astronomically 20 miles more or less to Ontario Land Surveyor Ross' base line run in 1922; thence east along said last mentioned base line 12 miles more or less to the westerly limit of the Nipigon Forest Reserve; thence north along said limit 4 miles more or less to a point west astronomically from the southwest angle of the Gull River Indian Reserve; thence east astronomically to the southwest angle of said Indian Reserve; thence north astronomically along the westerly limit of said Indian Reserve to the northwest angle thereof; thence east astronomically along the north limit of said Indian Reserve to the shore of Kaiashk Bay of Lake Nipigon; thence in a general course northeasterly, easterly, southerly and easterly follow- ing the shore line of said Kaiashk Bay to a point east astronomically 10 miles, 40 chains measured at right angles from the westerly limit of the Nipigon Forest Reserve; thence north astronomically along the westerly limit of the lands described in parcel 2, 15 miles more or less to a point east astronomically from the point of commencement; thence west astronomically 22 miles, 40 chains more or less to the point of commencement. 1. The said Company shall increase the capacity of its said plant until the same shall consist of a ground-wood pulp mill with 20 magazine grinders having a daily capacity of 350 tons of mechanical pulp; a sulphite pulp mill with 3 digesters having a daily capacity of 100 tons of unbleached sulphite; a paper mill with two 198 inch paper machines, and two 234 inch paper machines, having a daily capacity of 425 tons of newsprint. The construction of the additions and enlargements necessary to increase the capacity of said plant to the extent mentioned in this paragraph, shall be commenced forthwith and be completed on or before the thirty-first day of December 1928. 2. Expenditure shall be made by the Company in the construction of such extensions and additions as follows: One Million dollars ($1,000,000) on or before the thirty-first day of December 1926; Four Hundred Thousand dollars ($400,000) on or before the thirty-first day of December 1927, and the full amount required to construct and complete in all respects extensions and enlargements to the said plant to the full extent mentioned herein not later than the thirty-first day of December 1928. 3. The plans for the additions and enlargements to the Company's said plant hereinbefore mentioned shall be submitted to and approved of by the 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND F'QRESTS 99 Minister, and such additions and enlargements shall be completed within the time above mentioned to the satisfaction of the Minister. 4. The said Company shall expend in additions, enlargements and better- ments to its said existing plant and in works necessary and advisable for the efficient operation thereof, the sum of Four Million dollars ($4,000,000) or such other sum as shall be sufficient to construct, complete and equip in all respects a modern and well-equipped pulp mill and paper plant of the character, size and capacity hereinbefore provided for, and shall furnish proof to the satisfaction of the Minister of such expenditure. 5. The Company shall from and after the thirty-first day of December 1928, constantly employ at least 580 men in or about the operation of said enlarged plant and it will directly or indirectly afford employment in its woods' operations for not less than six months in each year for an average of three thousand (3,000) men. Provided that if the Company through accident, interruption to power or other cause not attributable to any default on its part, shall at any time or times be unable to give continuous employment to the number of men provided for in this paragraph, the Minister may by order in writing under his hand, relieve the Company from time to time from its liability so to do. No such order shall in any way invalidate this paragraph or relieve the Company from liability there- under, other than and to the extent specifically set forth in such written order. 6. The deposit of Fifty Thousand dollars ($50,000) made by the Company with its tender, shall remain on deposit until the enlarged plant hereinbefore provided for, has been completed and put in operation. After said plant has been completed and is in regular operation, the said Fifty Thousand ($50,000) dollars may be applied on account of moneys payable by the Company hereunder. The Company shall also furnish a bond of an approved Guarantee Company satisfactory to the Minister in the sum of Two H.undred Thousand dollars ($200,000) to secure the performance of its obligations hereunder. 7. The woods and timber covered by this agreement on Parcels one (1) and two (2) are spruce, balsam, banksian or jackpine, poplar and whitewood trees and on Parcel three (3) spruce and balsam only. 8. The right to sell banksian or jackpine other than for pulpwood and to authorize the purchaser to cut and remove the same, is hereby specifically reserved to the Crown, but it is distinctly understood and agreed that the Company shall cut and remove from the territory from time to time designated by the Minister as hereinafter provided, banksian or jackpine logs and all other merchantable timber of every character and kind whatsoever, upon parcels one (1) and two (2), so that the same may be cut clean and according to approved lumbering methods, in such manner as the Minister may from time to time direct and to his satisfaction. 9. All banksian or jackpine cut into logs under the provisions of paragraph 6 hereof shall be manufactured into lumber, ties or other manufactured products to the satisfaction of the Minister in the Province of Ontario. 10. The Company shall not hew any timber into ties without having first obtained the consent in writing of the Minister, and if such consent be given, the price to be paid by the Company for ties so hewn shall be fixed by the Minister in and by the writing containing such consent. 11. Whenever in the opinion of the Minister there is spruce, balsam or poplar too large for pulpwood on the areas in which the Company is operating, the same shall be cut into logs and paid for by the Company at such prices as may be determined by the Minister in writing. 100 . REPORT OF THE No. 3 12. All spruce, balsam or poplar cut into logs, under the provisions of the preceding paragraph hereof, shall be manufactured into lumber or other manu- factured products to the satisfaction of the Minister in the Province of Ontario. 13. All pulpwood cut by the company under this agreement shall be manufactured into newsprint or other finished product of pulp approved by the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council and requiring the expenditure of no less labour and money in the manufacture thereof than is required in the manufacture of newsprint at the Company's said plant at Fort William or adjacent thereto. 14. It is distinctly understood that the right is hereby reserved to the Crown to deal with the lands above described and the timber standing, growing and being thereon, for reforestation and other purposes as the Minister may see fit, and in particular, but not so as in any way to limit or restrict the generality of the foregoing, it is hereby specifically stipulated and agreed as follows: (a) All red and white pine on said territory is reserved to the Crown. (b) The Crown reserves and excepts from the lands above described the right of way of any and all railways or travelled roads, islands, Indian reserves and all lands under the water of all rivers, lakes and streams; also all lands heretofore patented, licensed, leased, located or applied for in respect of which such proceedings have been taken or shall hereafter be taken as in the opinion of the Minister of Lands and Forests, entitles the applicant or applicants to a lease or patent of such lands, together with the right to sell, lease, locate or otherwise dispose of any lands within the area allocated for settlement, mining, summer resort or other purposes on such terms and conditions as may be deemed advisable. (c) All water powers and privileges on the said territory are reserved to the Crown. (d) The Company shall not have the right to cut or remove timber of any kind from any lands already under timber license or permit from the Crown, without the special permission in writing of the Minister. (e) In no event shall cutting be performed within one-half mile in perpen- dicular width along the shores of Lake Nipigon, without the consent in writing of the Minister of Lands and Forests. 15. It is further distinctly understood and declared that jackpine and all wood and timber of every character and kind whatsoever, other than spruce and balsam on Parcel three (3) is reserved to the Crown, together with the right to sell or otherwise deal with the same in such manner as may be thought proper. Nothing in this paragraph contained shall by implication or otherwise limit, restrict, or curtail the rights and powers reserved to or conferred upon the Min- ister by this agreement with respect to jackpine and other timber on Parcels 1 or 2. 16. On or before the first of September in each year, the Company shall apply to and get the permission in writing of the Minister for the area within said territory on which the cutting for the then coming season shall take place, and the Company shall not be entitled to cut at any other place or places in said territory other than and except these specifically designated in such permission. At the end of each season's operations, and on or before the first day of June in each and every year, the Company shall file with the Minister a map indicating thereon the area cut over during the preceding season, and the kinds and quantities of wood and timber taken therefrom. I 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 101 17. The Minister shall have the right in and by the written permission provided for in the preceding paiagraph hereof, to fix a minimum diameter for all timber to be cut and to make any regulations and impose any restrictions and conditions in connection with the cutting of pulpwood and timber on such area, that he may think right and proper for the purpose of preserving young timber in the interests of reforestation or for any other purpose. The Minister shall also have the right to require the Company to leave any suitable seed trees that may from time to time be selected by him, and to conform to any other regulations in connection with the cutting of such pulpwood and timber he may deem proper. 18. The Company shall take such precautions and employ such means to prevent injury or destruction by fire upon said territory as the Minister may require, and shall pay an annual charge for fire protection of $3.20 per square mile or such other rate as may be from time to time fixed by the Lieutenant- Governor-in-Council. The Minister shall fix the area upon which fire protection charge is payable. 19. Pulpwood taken out in four foot or eight foot lengths shall be measured, returned and paid for on the basis of 128 cubic feet to each stacked cord. Pulp- wood taken out in lengths above 8 feet shall be measured in the log on the cubic basis and each 100 cubic feet shall constitute a cord. 20. It is distinctly understood that the Minister does not guarantee any quantity of wood on the said territory and the only right conferred upon the Company hereby is the right to cut sufficient wood and timber of the character hereinbefore described to enable the Company to operate its enlarged plant continuously to its full capacity during said term of twenty-one years, and any extension or extensions thereof as are hereinafter provided for on such areas within said territory or within any other territory as from time to time may be designated by the Minister pursuant and subject to the terms and con- ditions herein contained, and subject to such further terms, conditions and regulations as to the cutting, measuring, removing and driving of the same, as may from time to time be imposed by the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council, or by the Minister. 21. Proper sworn returns of the quantity of wood and other timber cut each season shall be made to the Government in conformity with the Crown Timber Regulations, and payment shall be made for such wood and timber not later than the first day of October in each year, and the Government in addition to all the rights and powers herein contained shall have all the rights and powers in respect of enforcing such payment as are now provided in the case of timber cut under The Crown Timber Act. On all arrears of accounts due and payable on October 1st, interest at the rate of six per cent, per annum shall be charged up to the 31st of October of the same year, or for one month, and thereafter at the rate of one per cent, per month until paid. 22. The Minister shall have the right to inspect the timber operations carried on by the Company at any time he may deem it advisable, or in the public interests so to do, and if such inspection shall show that the timber opera- tions are carried on in such a way that any merchantable or valuable timber which should be removed, is being left or destroyed, he shall have the right to estimate the said timber and charge the same to the Company at the same rate of dues and bonus as if it had been actually removed. The cutting and removing of the timber on the territory, or any part thereof, shall not be deemed to have been completed until it has been examined by an officer of the Crown, and the operation has been declared satisfactory by the Minister. 102 REPORT OF THE No. 3 23. No refuse, sawdust, chemicals or matter of any other kind shall be placed or deposited in any river, stream or other waters, which shall be or may be injurious to game and fish life. 24. All slash made about camps, dumps, along tote roads, railroads or any other points which constitute a serious fire menace shall be disposed of by and at the expense of the Company in accordance with the Forest Fires Prevention Act and amendments thereto, and regulations made thereunder. 25. The Company shall co-operate to the satisfaction of the Minister in the purchase of all bona fide settlers' pulpwood. 26. All bona fide accounts due for settlers' pulpwood purchased by the Company, subject to the rights of the Crown, shall constitute a first claim against the Company. 27. The Company shall pay to the party of the first part, subject to the provisions and conditions herein contained, and subject to such other conditions, orders and regulations as may be hereafter passed or enacted relating thereto, the following prices for said wood and timber; Spruce pulpwood — per cord, an upset price of 50c in addition to Crown Dues of $1.40, with an additional 10c added, making a total of $2.00 per cord. Balsam pulpwood — per cord, an upset price of 40c in addition to Crown Dues of 70c, making a total of $1.10 per cord. Poplar pulpwood — per cord, an upset price of 10c in addition to Crown Dues of 40c, making a total of 50c per cord. Jackpine pulpwood — per cord, an upset price of 10c in addition to Crown Dues of 40c, making a total of 50c per cord. Jackpine— (per M. feet B.M.), an upset price of $3.50 per M.F.B.M. in addition to Crown Dues of $2.50 per M.F.B.M., making a total of $6 per M.F.B.M. 28. The Company hereby covenants and agrees to and with the Minister to observe, perform and keep all the covenants agreements, provisions and conditions on its part herein contained. 29. Failure to enlarge said plant or to make the expenditure hereinbefore provided for or to employ the men as hereinbefore set forth or to observe, perform and keep any of the covenants, agreements, provisions and conditions on its part herein contained, shall forfeit all the right of the company hereunder, and shall cause the deposit hereinbefore mentioned to be forfeited to and become the absolute property of the Crown. 30. If upon the termination of said period of twenty-one years the Company shall have fully performed the terms and conditions hereinbefore set forth to the satisfaction of the Minister, it shall be entitled to an extension hereof for a further term of ten years upon such terms and conditions (including the prices to be paid for wood and timber) as may then be fixed by the Minister, and at the expiration of such period of ten years to a further extension of ten years upon such terms and conditions (including the prices to be paid for wood and timber) as may then be fixed by the Minister. If at the expiration of the last of such extensions the Company shall have in all respects fully performed the terms and conditions hereinbefore set forth and shall have maintained its plant and property in a high state of efficiency to the satisfaction of the Minister in all respects and so that it shall then appear to the Minister desirable in the public interest to continue and maintain the operations of the said plant the Minister 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 103 shall grant to the Company a further extension or extensions of this agreement on such terms and conditions (including the prices to be paid for wood and timber) as may then be fixed by him. 31. The manufacturing clauses of The Crown Timber Act and amendments to the said The Crown Timber Act, and all other clauses, Acts and regulations relating in any way to the cutting of the timber on Crown Lands, shall be applic- able to the operations of the company, and shall be binding upon the company as fully and effectually as if they had been set forth herein. Provided always, that nothing contained in such clauses, acts and regulations shall limit, restrict or curtail the duties, liabilities and obligations imposed upon the Company by virtue of this agreement. 32. As required by the Minister upon reasonable notice the Company will at the market price from time to time furnish to Canadian Publishers each month such a proposition of the output of the paper mill as shall be demanded by the Minister; provided however, that the Company shall not be required to so furnish more than fifteen per cent, from time to time of its total output. 33. The decision of the Minister as to the true intent and meaning of this agreement shall be final and binding upon the Company. 34. This agreement shall be binding upon and enure to the benefit of the Company and its assigns, but this agreement and the rights of the Company thereunder shall not be assigned without the consent of the Minister. In witness whereof the parties hereto have executed these presents the day and year first above written. Signed, Sealed and Delivered Geo. Grant, as to G. H. Ferguson, M. Lynch, as to signature of Fort William Paper Co., Ltd. G. H. Ferguson, . Fort William Paper Co., Ltd., per: G. R.Gray, Vice Pres. J. G. Gibson, Secty. I 104 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 33 AGREEMENT made and entered into this thirtieth day of January, A.D. 1926. Between : HIS MAJESTY THE KING, represented herein by the Minister of Lands and Forests of the Province of Ontario, here- inafter referred to as "The Minister." of the First Part, AND THUNDER BAY PAPER COMPANY, LIMITED, herein- after referred to as "The Company." of the Second Part. Whereas the company is now operating at the City of Port Arthur, in the District of Thunder Bay, a plant for the manufacture of pulp, having a capacity of 125 tons of mechanical pulp per day; And whereas the Company now employs in its said plant at Port Arthur approximately 175 men, and also affords employment for approximately 500 men in the woods' operations carried on to provide the said plant with a supply of wood; And whereas the Company has already expended in the erection and equip- ment of its said plant upwards of $1,500.00; And whereas the Company is desirious of enlarging its plant so that the same will ultimately comprise a ground-wood pulp mill with a capacity of 350 tons of mechanical pulp per day; a sulphite pulp mill with a capacity of 125 tons of sulphite pulp per day, and a paper mill with a capacity of at least 400 tons of newsprint per day; And whereas the expenditure involved in enlarging the Company's plant to the extent and in the manner above described, and in undertaking the com- pleting other works necessary or advisable for the efficient operation of the said enlarged plant, will exceed the sum of Ten Million dollars ($10,000,000). And whereas the plant and works of the Company enlarged as aforesaid, will employ approximately 600 men and afford employment for approximately 3,000 additional men in woods' operations; And whereas by advertisement duly published, The Honourable Minister of Lands and Forests for the Province of Ontario called for tenders to be received by him for the right to cut pulpwood and timber on the areas therein mentioned, including the lands hereinafter referred to, subject to certain terms and conditions of sale ; And whereas in pursuance of such advertisement, the company did deliver its tender to the said Minister, in and by which tender it offered to pay for such pulpwood and timber on the territory described in said tender, the prices follow- ing; Spruce pulpwood — upset price 50c, dues $1.40, additional 6c, total $1.96 per cord ; Balsam pulpwood — upset bonus 40c, dues 70c, total $1.10 per cord ; Poplar — upset bonus 10c, dues 40c, total 50c per cord ; Jackpine pulpwood — upset bonus 10c, dues 40c, total 50c per cord; Banksian oi jackpine — upset bonus $3.50, dues $2.50 per M. feet B.M., total $6.00. 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 105 And whereas the prices offered by said Company were the highest received for the territory covered by said tender, and the Company has agreed to pay the prices hereinafter mentioned, which said prices are the highest offered pursuance to such advertisement by any tenderer for pulpwood and timber in the District of Thunder Bay: And whereas with its tender aforesaid the Company did deposit with the Minister its marked cheque payable to the Honourable the Treasurer of the Province of Ontario, for the sum of Fifty Thousand dollars ($50,000). And whereas it will be of great advantage to the Province of Ontario and aid materially in the advancement, development and settlement of the district in which the Company's plant is located to have the plant of the Company enlarged in manner aforesaid; And whereas the said Company has no assured supply of wood for its present plant or for the proposed enlargements thereof; And whereas in view of the matters above recited the Minister has deemed it wise and in the public interest to grant to the said Company the right to cut pulpwood as herein provided and has caused this agreement to be prepared so as to secure the erection by the Company of the said enlarged plant and at the same time to assure to the Company a supply of pulpwood sufficient to operate its enlarged plant to its full capacity for a period of twenty-one years from the date hereof or any extension or extensions hereof as are hereinafter provided for ; Now this agreement witnesseth that the Minister with the approval of the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council, and subject to all the terms and conditions hereof, doth hereby grant to the Company for a period of twenty-one years from the date hereof, the right to cut and remove in and upon such parts of the following territory, situate lying and being on the north side of Lake Nipigon, in the Dis- trict of Thunder Bay, and Province of Ontario, as may from time to time be designated by the Minister, that is to say: Commencing at a point in the north limit of the Canadian National Railway right-of-way and station grounds (Canadian Northern Ontario line) being distant east astronomically 12 miles from the east limit of the Nipigon Forest Reserve; said point being in the west limit of Long Lake Pulp and Timber Limit; thence north astronomically 34 miles more or less to the south limit of the Canadian National Railway right-of-way (Transcontinental line); thence westerly along the southerly limit of said right-of-way and station grounds to Kenna Creek east of Wagaming Station; thence southeasterly following said Creek to the shore of Lake Nipigon ; thence south easterly in a general direction but following all the windings and bays along the shore of Lake Nipigon to a point due west from the southwesterly angle of the station grounds at Jack Pine; thence east astronomically 12 miles more or less to the southwesterly angle of the station grounds at Jack Pine; thence northerly to the northwesterly angle of said station grounds; thence northeasterly following the northerly limit of the Cana- dian National Railway right-of-way and station grounds to the point of com- mencement; sufficient pulpwood to enable the Company to operate its enlarged plant continuously to its full capacity; and if at any time during said period of twenty-one years or any extension or extensions thereof as are hereinafter provided for, it should appear that for'any reasons whatever there is not sufficient pulpwood timber on the said territory to supply the Company with sufficient pulpwood to enable it to operate its enlarged plant continuously to its full capacity, the Minister will grant to the Company the right to cut pulpwood timber 106 REPORT OF THE No. 3 on other ungranted Crown Lands to be designated by him, and to 1 e situate as near as possible to the City of Port Arthur, on the same terms and conditions as are herein contained : 1. The said Company shall increase the capacity of its said plant until the same shall consist of a ground-wood pulp mill having a daily capacity of three hundred and fifty (350) tons of mechanical pulp; a sulphite pulp mill having a daily capacity of one hundred and twenty-five (125) tons of unbleached sulphite pulp, and a paper mill having a daily capacity of four hundred (400) tons of newsprint. The construction of the additions and enlargements necessary to increase the capacity of the said plant to the extent mentioned in this para- graph, shall be commenced not later than the first day of May 1926, and the first unit consisting of enlargements and extensions to the Company's present plant so that the same will consist of a ground-wood pulp mill having a daily capacity of 120 tons of mechanical pulp; and a paper mill having a daily capacity of one hundred (100) tons of newsprint, shall be completed on or before the first day of December, 1926. The construction of a second unit consisting of such further extensions and additions to the company's plant as shall make the same consist of a ground-wood pulp mill having a daily capacity of two hundred (200) tons of mechanical pulp; a sulphite mill having a daily capacity of seventy (70) tons of sulphite pulp, and a paper mill having a daily capacity of two hund- red (200) tons of newsprint, shall be commenced on or before the first day of October 1927, and shall be completed on or before the first day of December 1929; and the construction of a third unit consisting of such further extensions and additions to the Company's plant as shall make the same consist of a ground- wood pulp mill having a daily capacity of three hundred and fifty (350) tons of mechanical pulp, a sulphite mill having a daily capacity of one hundred and twenty-five (125) tons of sulphite pulp, and a paper mill having a daily capacity of four hundred (400) tons of newsprint shall be commenced on or before the 31st day of December 1929, and shall be completed on or before the 31st day of December 1931. 2. Expenditure shall be made by the Company in the construction of such extensions and additions as follows: One Hundred and Twenty- Five Thousand dollars ($125,000) on or before the 1st day of July 1926, and the proper addi- tional amount necessary to complete said first unit, and not less than One Million, Five Hundred Thousand dollars ($1,500,000) on or before the 31st day of December 1926, the full amount necessary to complete said second unit, and not less than Two Million dollars ($2,000,000) additional, on on or before the 31st day of December, 1929, and the full amount required to construct the third unit and to complete in all respects, extensions and enlargements to the said plant to the full extent mentioned herein not later than the 31st day of December 1931. 3. The plans for the additions and enlargements to the Company's said plant hereinbefore mentioned shall be submitted to and approved of by the Minister, and such additions and enlargements shall be completed within the time above mentioned to the satisfaction of the Minister. 4. The said Company shall expend in additions, enlargements and better- ments to its said existing plant and in works necessary and advisable for the efficient operation thereof the sum of Ten Million dollars ($10,000,000) or such other sum as shall be sufficient to construct and complete in all respects a modern and well-equipped pulp mill and paper plant of the character hereinbefore provided for, and shall furnish proof to the satisfaction of the Minister of such expenditure. 1927 DP:PARTMENT of lands and forests 107 5. The Company shall from and after the 31st day of December 1926, con- stantly employ at least 275 men in or about the operation of said enlarged plant, and it will directly or indirectly afford employment in its woods' operations for not less than six months in each year for an average of One Thousand (1,000) men, until after the 31st day of December 1929, and from and after the 31st day of December 1929, until the 31st day of December 1931, the said Company will constantly employ at least four hundred (400) men in or about the com- pletion of said enlarged plant, and it will directly or indirectly afiford employ- ment in its woods' operations for not less than six months in each year for an average of fifteen hundred (1,500) men, and from and after the 31st day of December 1931, the Company will constantly employ at least six hundred (600) men in or about the operation of said enlarged plant, and it will directly or indirectly afiford employment in its woods' operations for not less than six months in each year, for an average of three thousand (3,000) men, during the whole of the remainder of said period of twenty-one (21) years; Provided that if the Company through accident, interruption to power or other cause not attributable to any default on its part shall at any time or times be unable to give continuous employment to the number of men provided foi in this paragraph, the Minister may by order in writing under his hand, relieve the Company from time to time from its liability so to do. No such order shall in anyway invalidate this paragraph or relieve the Company from liability thereunder, other than and to the extent specifically set forth in such written order. 6. The deposit of Fifty Thousand dollars ($50,000) made by the Company with its tender, shall remain on deposit until the enlarged plant hereinbefore provided for, has been completed, and put in operation. After said plant has been completed and is in regular operation, the said Fifty Thousand ($50,000) may be applied on account of moneys payable by the Company hereunder. The Company shall also furnish a bond of an approved Guarantee Company satisfactory to the Minister in the sum of Two Hundred Thousand dollars ($200,000) to secure the performance of its obligations hereunder. 7. The woods and timber covered by this agreement are spruce, balsam, banksian or jackpine, poplar and whitewood trees. 8. The right to sell banksian or jackpine other than for pulpwood and to authorize the purchaser to cut and remove the same, is hereby specifically reserved to the Crown, but it is distinctly understood and agreed that the Company shall cut and remove from the territory from time to time designated by the Minister as hereinafter provided, banksian or jackpine logs and all other merchantable timber of every character and kind whatsoever upon said area, so that the same may be cut clean and according to approved lumbering methods, in such manner as the Minister may from time to time direct and to his satisfaction. 9. All banksian or jackpine cut into logs under the provisions of paragraph 8 hereof shall be manufactured into lumber, ties or other manufactured products to the satisfaction of the Minister in the Province of Ontario. 10. The Company shall not hew any timber into ties without having first obtained the consent in writing of the Minister, and if such consent be given, the price to be paid by the Company for ties so hewn shall be fixed by the Minister in and by the writing containing such consent. 11. Whenever in the opinion of the Minister there is spruce, balsam or poplar too large for pulpwood on the areas in which the Company is operating, the same shall be cut into logs and paid for by the Company at such prices as may be determined by the Minister in writing. 108 REPORT OF THE No. 3 12. All spruce, balsam or poplar cut into logs, under the provisions of the preceding paragraph hereof shall be manufactured into lumber or other manu- factured products to the satisfaction of the Minister in the Province of Ontario. 13. All pulpwood cut by the Company under this agreement shall be manu- factured into newsprint or other finished product of pulp approved by the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council and requiring the expenditure of no less labour and money in the manufacture thereof than is required in the manufacture of newsprint at the Company's said plant at Port Arthur or adjacent thereto. 14. It is distinctly understood that the right is hereby reserved to the Crown to deal with the lands above described and the timber standing, growing and being thereon, for reforestation and other purposes as the Minister may see fit, and in particular, but not so as in any way to limit or restrict the generality of the foregoing, it is hereby specifically stipulated and agreed as follows: (a) All red and white pine on said territory is reserved to the Crown. (b) The Crown reserves and excepts from the lands above described the right of way of any and all railways or travelled roads, islands, Indian Reserves and all lands under the water of all rivers, lakes and streams; also all lands heretofore patented, licensed, leased, located, or applied for in respect of which such proceedings have been taken or shall here- after be taken as in the opinion of the Minister of Lands and Forests, entitles the applicant or applicants to a lease or patent of such lands, together with the right to sell, lease, locate or otherwise dispose of any lands within the area allocated for settlement, mining, summer resort or other purposes on such terms and conditions as may be deemed advisable. (c) All water powers and privileges on the said territory are reserved to the Crown. (d) The Company shall not have the right to cut or remove timber of any kind from any lands already under timber license or permit from the Crown, without the special permission in writing of the Minister. (e) In no event shall cutting be performed within one-half mile in perpen- dicular width along the shores of Lake Nipigon, without the consent in writing of the Minister of Lands and Forests. 15. On or before the first of September in each year the Company shall apply to and get the permission in writing of the Minister for the area within said territory on which the cutting for the then coming season shall take place, and the Company shall not be entitled to cut at any other place or places in said territory other than and except those specially designated in such permission. At the end of each season's operations, and on or before the first day of June in each and every year, the Company shall file with the Minister a map indicating thereon the area cut over during the preceding season, and the kinds and quan- tities of wood and timber taken therefrom. 16. The Minister shall have the right in and by the written permission •provided for in the preceding paragraph hereof, to fix a minimum diameter for all timber to be cut and to make any regulations and impose any restrictions and conditions in connection with the cutting of pulpwood and timber on such area, that he may think right and proper for the purpose of preserving young timber in the interests of reforestation or for any other purpose. The Minister shall also have the right to require the Company to leave any suitable seed trees 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 109 that may from time to time be selected by him, and to conform to any other regulations in connection with the cutting of such pulpwood and timber he may deem proper. 17. The Company shall take such precaution and employ such means to prevent injury or destruction by fire upon said territory as the Minister may require, and shall pay an annual charge for fire protection of $3.20 per square mile, or such other rate as may be from time to time fixed by the Lieutenant- Governor-in-Council. The Minister shall fix the area upon which fire protec- tion charge is payable. 18. Pulpwood taken out in four or eight foot lengths shall be measured, returned and paid for on the basis of 128 cubic feet to each stacked cord. Pulp- wood taken out in lengths above 8 feet shall be measured in the log on the cubic basis and each 100 cubic feet shall constitute a cord. 19. It is distinctly understood that the Minister does not guarantee any quantity of wood on the said territory and that the only right conferred upon the Company hereby is the right to cut wood and timber hereinbefore described sufficient to enable the Company to operate its enlarged plant continuously to its full capacity during said term of twenty-one years, and any extension or extensions thereof as are hereinafter provided for on such areas within said ter- ritory or within any other territory as from time to time may be designated by the Minister pursuant and subject to the terms and conditions herein contained, and subject to such further terms, conditions and regulations as to the cutting, measuring, removing and driving of the same, as may from time to time be imposed by the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council, or by the Minister. 20. Proper sworn returns of the quantity of wood and other timber cut each season shall be made to the Government in conformity with the Crown Timber Regulations, and payment shall be made for such wood and timber not later than the first day of October in each year, and the Government in addition to all the rights and powers herein contained shall have all the rights and powers in respect of enforcing such payment as are now provided in the case of timber cut under The Crown Timber Act. On all arrears of accounts due and payable on October 1st, interest at the rate of six per cent, per annum shall be charged up to the 31st of October of the same year, or for one month and thereafter at the rate of one per cent, per month until paid. 21. The Minister shall have the right to inspect the timber operations carried on by the Company at any time he may deem it advisable, or in the public interests so to do, and if such inspection shall show that the timber opera- tions are carried on in such a way that any merchantable or valuable timber, which should be removed, is being left or destroyed he shall have the right to estimate the said timber and charge the same to the Company at the same rate of dues and bonus as if it had been actually removed. The cutting and removing of the timber on the territory, or any part thereof, shall not be deemed to have been completed until it has been examined by an officer of the Crown, and the operation has been declared satisfactory by the Minister of Lands and Forests. 22. No refuse, sawdust, chemicals or matter of any other kind shall be placed or deposited in any river, stream or other waters, which shall be or may be in- jurious to game and fish life. 23. All slash made about camps, dumps, along tote roads, railroads or any other points which constitute a serious fire menace shall be disposed of by and at the expense of the Company in accordance with the Forest Fires Prevention Act and amendments thereto, and regulations made thereunder. no REPORT OF THE No. 3 24. The Company shall co-operate to the satisfaction of the Minister in the purchase of all bona fide settlers' pulpwood. 25. All bona fide accounts due for settlers' pulpwood purchased by the Company, shall constiture a first claim against the Company. 26. The Company shall pay to the Party of the First Part, subject to the provisions and conditions herein contained, and subject to such other con- ditions, orders and regulations as may be hereafter passed or enacted relating^ thereto, the following prices for said wood and timbers: Spruce pulpwood per cord, an upset price of 50c in addition to Crown dues of $1.40 with an additional 10c added, making a total of $2 per cord. Balsam pulpwood per cord, an upset price of 40c in addition to Crown dues of 70c making a total of SI. 10 per cord. Poplar pulpwood per cord, an upset price of 10c in addition to Crown dues of 40c making a total of 50c pei: cord. Jack Pine pulpwood per cord, an upset price of 10c in addition to Crown dues of 40c making a total of 50c per cord. Jack Pine (per M ft. B.M.) an upset price of $3.50 per M ft. B.M. in addi- tion to Crown dues of $2.50 per M ft. B.M. making a total of $6.00 per M ft. B.M. 27. The Company hereby covenants and agrees to and with the Minister to observe, perform and keep all the covenants, agreements, provisions and con- ditions on its part herein contained. 28. Failure to enlarge said plant or to make the expenditure hereinbefore provided for or to employ the men as hereinbefore set forth or to observe, per- form and keep any of the covenants, agreements, provisions and conditions on its part herein contained, shall forfeit all the right of the Company hereunder, and shall cause the deposit hereinbefore mentioned to be forfeited to and become the absolute property of the Crown. 29. If upon the termination of said period of twenty-one years the Company shall have fully performed the terms and conditions hereinbefore set forth to the satisfaction of the Minister it shall be entitled to an extension hereof for a further term of ten years upon such terms and conditions (including the prices to be paid for wood and timber) as may then be fixed by the Minister and at the expira- tion of such period of ten years to a further extension of ten years upon such terms and conditions (including the prices to be paid for wood and timber) as may then be fixed by the Minister. If at the expiration of the last of such renewals the Company shall have in all respects fully performed the terms and conditions hereinbefore set forth and shall have maintained its plant and prop- erty in a high state of eflficiency to the satisfaction of the Minister in all respects and so that it shall then appear to the Minister desirable in the public interest to continue and maintain the operations of the said plant the Minister shall grant to the Company a further extension or extensions of this agreement on such terms and conditions (including the prices to be paid for wood and timber) as may then be fixed by him. 30. The manufacturing clauses of the Crown Timber Act and amendments to the said The Crown Timber Act, and all other clauses. Acts and regulations relating in any way to the cutting of timber on Crown lands, shall be applicable to the operations of the Company, and shall be binding upon the Company as fully and effectually as if they had been set forth herein. Provided always, that nothing contained in such clauses, Acts and regulations shall limit, restrict or curtail the duties, liabilities and obligations imposed upon the Company by virtue of this agreement. 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS Ul 31. That as required by the Minister upon reasonable notice the Company will at the market price from time to time furnish to Canadian Publishers each month such a proportion of the output of the paper mill as shall be demanded by the Minister; provided however, that the Company shall not be required to so furnish more than fifteen per cent, from time to time of its total output. 32. The decision of the Minister as to the true intent and meaning of this agreement shall be final and binding upon the Company. 33. This agreement shall be binding upon and enure to the benefit of the Company and its assigns, but this agreement and the rights of the Company thereunder shall not be assigned without the consent of the Minister. In witness whereof the parties hereto have executed these presents the day and year first above written. Signed, Sealed and Delivered in the presence of : (Sgd) Eva Harrison as to James Lyons (Seal) B. J. Heger Frank L. Steib. James Lyons (SEAL) Thunder Bay Paper Company, Limited. George W. Mead, President. Earl B. Bedford, Secretary. I Appendix No. 34 AGREEMENT made and entered into this Thirtieth day of January A.D. 1926. Between : HIS MAJESTY THE KING, represented herein by the Minister of Lands and Forests of the Province of Ontario, hereinafter referred to as "the Minister," Of the First Part, — and — NIPIGON CORPORATION LIMITED, hereinafter referred to as "the Company," Of the Second Part. Whereas the Company is now operating at Nipigon in the Township of Nipi- gon, in the District of Thunder Bay, a plant for the manufacture of pulp, having a capacity of 80 tons of mechanical pulp per day; in REPORT OF THE No. 3 And whereas the Company now employs in its said plant at Nipigon approxi- mately 100 men, and also affords employment for approximately 300 men in the woods' operations carried on to provide the said plant with a supply of wood; And whereas the Company has already expended in the erection and equip- ment of its said plant upwards of $1,250,000; And whereas the Company is desirous of enlarging its plant so that the same will ultimately comprise a ground-wood pulp mill with a capacity of 350 tons of mechanical pulp per day; a sulphite pulp mill with a capacity of 125 tons of sulphite pulp per day, and a paper mill with a capacity of at least 400 tons of newsprint per day; And whereas it is estimated that the expenditure involved in enlarging the Company's plant to the extent and in the manner above described, and in under- taking and completing other works necessary or advisable for the efficient operation of the said enlarged plant, will exceed the sum of Ten Million dollars ($10,000,000). And whereas the plant and works of the Company enlarged as aforesaid will employ approximately 500 men and afford employment for approximately 3,000 additional men n woods' operations. And whereas by advertisement duly published The Honourable the Minister of Lands and Forests for the Province of Ontario called for tenders to be received by him for the right to cut pulpwood and timber on the areas therein mentioned, including the lands hereinafter described, subject to certain terms and conditions of sale. And whereas in pursuance of such advertisement the Company did deliver its tender to the said Minister in and by which tender it offered to pay for such pulpwood and timber on the territory described in said tender, the prices follow- ing: Spruce pulpwood, upset price 50c, dues $1.40, additional 8c, total $1.98 per cord; Balsam pulpwood, upset bonus 40c, dues 70c, total $1.10 per cord; Poplar, upset bonus 10c, dues 40c, total 50c, per cord; Jackpine pulpwood, upset bonus 10c, dues 40c, total 50c, per cord ; Banksian or Jackpine, upset bonus $3.50, dues $2.50 per M ft. B.M., total $6.00; And whereas the prices offered by said Company were the highest received for the territory covered by said tender, and the Company has agreed to pay the prices hereinafter mentioned, which said prices are the highest offered pursuant to such advertisement by any tenderer for pulpwood and timber in the District of Thunder Bay; And whereas with its tender aforesaid the Company did deposit with the Minister its marked cheque payable to the Honourable the Treasurer of the Province of Ontario for the sum of Fifty Thousand dollars ($50,000). And whereas it will be of great advantage to the Province of Ontario and aid materially in the advancement, development and settlement of the district in which the Company's plant is located to have the plant of the Company enlarged in manner aforesaid; And whereas the said Company has no assured supply of wood for its present plant or for the proposed enlargements thereof; And whereas in view of the matters above recited the Minister has deemed it wise and in the public interest to grant to the said Company the right to cut pulpwood as herein provided and has caused this agreement to be prepared so as to secure the erection by the Company of the said enlarged plant and at the same time to assure to the Company a supply of pulpwood sufficient to operate its enlarged plant to its full capacity for a period of twenty-one years from the date hereof or any extension or extensions hereof as are hereinafter provided for; I 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS U3 Now this agreement witnesseth that the Minister with the approval of the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council, and subject to all the terms and conditions hereof, doth hereby grant to the Company for a period of twenty-one years from the date hereof, the right to cut and remove in and upon such parts of the follow- ing territory as may from time to time be designated by the Minister, that is to say; Parcel 1: Commencing at the southeast angle of the Township of Ledger; thence east along the south boundary of the Nipigon Forest Reserve 22 miles to the southeast angle thereof; thence north astronomically along the east boundary of the Nipi- gon Forest Reserve 8 miles; thence east astronomically 12 miles to the west limit of Long Lake Pulp and Timber Limit; thence north astronomically 34 miles more or less to the south limit of the Canadian National Railway (Canadian Northern Ontario line) right of way; thence southwesterly along the southerly limit of Canadian National Railway right of way and station grounds aforesaid to the southwesterly angle of the station grounds at Jack Pine; thence west astronomically 12 miles more or less to the shores of Lake Nipigon ; thence south- erly and westerly along the shore of Lake Nipigon and following all the windings of the bays thereof to the northwest angle of the township of Innes; thence south along the west limit of the township of Innes 6 miles 67 chains 74 links to the southwest angle of said township; thence east along the south limit of said township 6 miles to the southeast angle thereof; thence continuing east astronom- ically 6 miles more or less to a point north astronomically from the northwest angle of the township of Purdom; thence south astronomically 6 miles more or less to the northwest angle of the township of Purdom; thence east along the north boundary of the township of Purdom and the township of Ledger to the northeast angle of the township of Ledger; thence south along the east limit of the township of Ledger 7 miles more or less to the point of commencement, excepting the Indian Reserve in Innes Township; Parcel 2: Commencing at the southeast angle of the township of Ledger; thence south astronomically 7 miles to a point east astronomically from the northeast angle of the township of Nipigon ; thence west astronomically 5 miles 30 chains more or less to the northeast angle of the township of Nipigon; thence west along the north limit of the township of Nipigon, 60 chains more or less to the shore of Lake Helen; thence northerly along the east shores of Helen and Polly Lakes to the south limit of location 8 P; thence east and north along the south and east limits of location 8 P and along the east limit of location 6 P to the south limit of the township of Ledger; thence east along the south limit of the township of Ledger 6 miles more or less, to the point of commencement: — Sufficient pulpwood to enable the Company to operate its enlarged plant continuously to its full capacity; and if at any time during said period of twenty- one years or any extension or extensions thereof as are hereinafter provided for, it should appear that for any reason whatever, there is not sufficient pulpwood timber on the said territory to supply the Company with sufficient pulpwood to enable it to operate its enlarged plant continuously to its full capacity the Minister will grant to the Company the right to cut pulpwood timber on other ungranted Crown Lands to be designated by him, and to be situate as near as possible to the Village of Nipigon, on the same terms and conditions as are herein contained : 114 REPORT OF THE No. 3 1. The said Company shall increase the capacity of its said plant until the same shall consist of a ground-wood pulp mill having a daily capacity of three hundred and fifty (350) tons of mechanical pulp; a sulphite pulp mill having a daily capacity of one hundred and twenty-five (125) tons of sulphite pulp, and a paper mill having a daily capacity of four hundred (400) tons of newsprint. The construction of the additions and enlargements necessary to increase the capacity of the said plant to the extent mentioned in this paragraph shall be commenced forthwith and the first unit consisting of such extensions and addi- tions to the Company's present plant as shall make the same consist of a ground- wood pulp mill having a daily capacity of one hundred (100) tons of mechanical pulp, a sulphite pulp mill having a daily capacity of sixty (60) tons of sulphite pulp, and a paper mill having a daily capacity of one hundred (100) tons of news- print, shall be completed on or before the 31st day of December 1927. The con- struction of a second unit consisting of such further extensions and additions to the company's plant as shall make the same consist of a ground-wood pulp mill having a daily capacity of one hundred and seventy-five (175) tons of mechanical pulp, a sulphite pulp mill having a daily capacity of one hundred (100) tons of sulphite pulp and a paper mill having a daily capacity of two hundred (200) tons of newsprint, shall be commenced on or before the 1st day of October 1927, and shall be completed on or before the 31st day of December 1929; and the construction of a third unit consisting of such further extensions and additions to the Company's plant as shall make the same consist of a ground-wood pulp mill having a daily capacity of three hundred and fifty (350) tons of mechanical pulp, a sulphite mill having a daily capacity of one hundred and twenty-five (125) tons of sulphite pulp and a paper mill having a daily capacity of four hundred (400) tons of newsprint, shall be commenced on or before the 31st day of December 1929, and shall be completed on or before the 31st day of December 1931. Expenditure shall be made by the Company in the construction of such extensions and additions as follows: One Hundred and Twenty-Five Thousand dollars ($125,000) on or before the 1st day of July 1926; Two Million Six Hundred and TwentyrFive Thousand dollars ($2,625,000) on or before the 1st day of July 1927; and the total amount necessary to complete the first unit above described on or before the 31st day of December 1927. The full amount necessary to complete the second unit shall be expended on or before the 31st day of December 1929, and the full amount required to construct the third unit and to complete in all respects extensions and enlargements to the said plant to the full extent mentioned in this paragraph shall be expended not later than the 31st day of December 1931. 2. The said Company shall expend in additions, enlargements and better- ments to its said existing plant and in works necessary and advisable for the efficient operation of the said plant either at Nipigon or at some other point in the Province of Ontario approved by the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council, the sum of Ten Million dollars ($10,000,000) or such other sum as shall be sufficient to construct and complete in all respects a modern and well-equipped pulp and paper plant of the dimensions and character provided for in the pre- ceding paragraph hereof, and shall furnish proof to the satisfaction of the Minister of such expenditure. 3. The plans for the additions and enlargements to the Company's said plant hereinbefore mentioned shall be submitted to and approved of by the Minister, and such additions and enlargements shall be completed within the time above mentioned to the satisfaction of the Minister. 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS US 4. The Company shall from and after the 31st day of December 1927, constantly employ at least 130 men in or about the operation of said enlarged plant, and it will directly or indirectly afford employment in its woods' opera- tions for not less than six months in each year for an average of six hundred (600) men, until the 31st day of December 1929, and from and after the 31st day of December 1929 until the 31st day of December 1931, the said Company will constantly employ at least two hundred and fifty (250) men in or about the operation of said enlarged plant, and it will directly or indirectly afford employment in its woods' operations for not less than six months in each year for an average of fifteen hundred (1,500) men, and from and after the said 31st day of December 1931, the Company will constantly employ at least five hundred (500) men in or about the operation of said enlarged plant, and it will directly or indirectly afford employment in its woods' operations for not less than six months in each year, for an average of three thousand (3,000) men, during the whole of the remainder of said period of twenty-one years. Provided that if the Company through accident, interruption to power or other cause not attributable to any default on its part shall at any time or times be unable to give continuous employment to the number of men pro- vided for in this paragraph, the Minister may by order in writing under his hand, relieve the Company from time to time from its liability so to do. No such order shall in any way invalidate this paragraph or relieve the Company from liability thereunder, other than and to the extent specifically set forth in such written order. 5. The deposit of Fifty Thousand dollars ($50,000) made by the Company with its tender, shall remain on deposit until the enlarged plant hereinbefore provided for, has been completed, and put in operation. After said plant has been completed and is in regular operation, the said Fifty Thousand dollars ($50,000) may be applied on account of moneys payable by the Company here- under. The Company shall also furnish a bond of an approved guarantee company satisfactory to the Minister in the sum of Two Hundred Thousand dollars ($200,000) to secure the performance of its obligations hereunder. 6. The woods and timber covered by this agreement are spruce, balsam, banksian or jackpine, poplar and whitewood trees. 7. The right to sell banksian or jackpine other than for pulpwood and to authorize the purchaser to cut and remove the same, is hereby specifically reserved to the Crown but it is distinctly understood and agreed that the Company shall cut and remove from the territory from time to time designated by the Minister as hereinafter provided, banksian or jackpine logs and all other merch- antable timber of every character and kind whatsoever upon said area, so that the same may be cut clean and according to approved lumbering methods, in such manner as the Minister may from time to time direct and to his satisfaction. 8. All banksian or jackpine cut into logs under the provisions of paragraph 7 hereof shall be manufactured into lumber, ties or other manwfactured products to the satisfaction of the Minister in the Province of Ontario. 9. The Company shall not hew any timber into ties without having first obtained the consent in writing of the Minister, and if such consent be |^en, the price to be paid by the Company for ties so hewn shall be fixed by the Minister in and by the writing containing such consent. 10. Whenever in the opinion of the Minister there is spruce, balsam or poplar too large for pulpwood on the areas in which the Company is operating, 116 REPORT OF THE No. 3 the same shall be cut into logs and paid for by the Company at such prices as may be determined by the Minister in writing. 11. All spruce, balsam or poplar cut into logs, under the provisions of the preceding paragraph hereof shall be manufactured into lumber or other manu- factured products to the satisfaction of the Minister in the Province of Ontario. 12. All pulpwood cut by the Company under this agreement shall be manufactured into newsprint or other finished product of pulp approved by the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council and requiring the expenditure of no less labour and money in the manufacture thereof than is requiied in the manufacture of newsprint at the Company's said plant at Nipigon, or at some other place in the Province of Ontario approved by the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council. 13. It is distinctly understood that the right is hereby reserved to the Crown to deal with the lands above described and the timber standing, growing and being thereon, for reforestation and other purposes as the Minister may see fit, and in particular, but not so as in any way to limit or restrict the generality of the foregoing, it is hereby specifically stipulated and agreed as follows : (a) All red and white pine on said territory is reserved to the Crown. (b) The Crown reserves and excepts from the lands above described, the right of way of any and all railways or travelled roads, islands, Indian Reserves and all lands under the water of all rivers, lakes and streams; also all lands heretofore patented, licensed, leased, located or applied for in respect of which such proceedings have been taken or shall here- after be taken as in the opinion of the Minister of Lands and Forests entitles the applicant or applicants to a lease or patent of such lands, together with the right to sell, lease, locate or otherwise dispose of any lands within the area allocated for settlement, mining, summer resort or other purposes on such terms and conditions as may be deemed advisable. (c) All water powers and privileges on the said territory are reserved to the Crown. (d) The Company shall not have the right to cut or remove timber of any kind from any lands already under timber license or permit from the Crown, without the special permission in writing of the Minister. (e) In no event shall cutting be performed within one-half mile in perpen- dicular width along the shores of Lake Nipigon, without the consent in writing of the Minister of Lands and Forests. 14. On or before the first of September in each year, the Company shall apply to and get the permission in writing of the Minister for the area within said territory on which the cutting for the then coming season shall take place, and the Company shall not be entitled to cut at any other place or places in said territory other than and except those specially designated in such permission. At the end of each season's operations, and on or before the first day of June in each and every yekr, the Company shall file with the Minister a rnap indicating thereon the area cut over during the preceding season, and the kinds and quanti- ties of wood and timber taken therefrom. 15. The Minister shall have the right in and by the written permission provided for in the preceding paragraph hereof, to fix a minimum diameter for all timber to be cut and to make any regulations and impose any restrictions and conditions in connection with the cutting of pulpwood and timber on such area, that he may think right and proper for the purpose of preserving young timber I 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS Ul in the interests of reforestation or for any other purpose. The Minister shall also have the right to require the Company to leave any suitable seed trees that may from time to time be selected by him, and to conform to any other regula- tions in connection with the cutting of such pulpwood and timber he may think proper. 16. The Company shall take such precautions and employ such means to prevent injury or destruction by fire upon said territory as the Minister may require, and shall pay an annual charge for fire protection of $3.20 per square mile, or such other rate as may be from time to time fixed by the Lieutenant- Go vernor-in-Council. The Minister shall fix the area upon which fire protection charge is payable. 17. Pulpwood taken out in four foot or eight foot lengths shall be measured, returned and paid for on the basis of 128 cubic feet to each stacked cord. Pulp- wood taken out in lengths above 8 feet shall be measured in the log on the cubic basis and each 100 cubic feet shall constitute a cord. 18. It is distinctly understood that the Minister does not guarantee any quantity of wood on the said territory and that the only right conferred upon the Company hereby is the right to cut wood and timber hereinbefore described sufficient to enable the Company to operate its enlarged plant continuously to its full capacity during said term of twenty-one years, and any extension or extensions thereof as are hereinafter provided for, on such areas within said territory or within any other territory as from time to time may be designated by the Minister, pursuant and subject to the terms and conditions herein con- tained, and subject to such further terms, conditions and regulations as to the cutting, measuring, removing and driving of the same, as may from time to time be imposed by the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council or by the Minister. 19. Proper sworn returns of the quantity of wood and other timber cut each season shall be made to the Government in conformity with the Crown Timber Regulations, and payment shall be made for such wood and timber not later than the first day of October in each year, and the Government in addition to all the rights and powers herein contained shall have all the rights and powers in respect of enforcing such payment as are now provided in the case of timber cut under The Crown Timber Act. On all arrears of accounts due and payable on October 1st, interest at the rate of six per cent, per annum shall be charged up to the 31st October of the same year, or for one month and thereafter at the rate of one per cent, per month until paid. 20. The Minister shall have the right to inspect the timber operations car- ried on by the Company at any time he may deem it advisable, or in the public interests so to do, and if such inspection shall show that the timber operations are carried on in such a way that any merchantable or valuable timber, which should be removed, is being left or destroyed, he shall have the right to estimate the said timber and charge the same to the company at the "same rate of dues and bonus as if it had been actually removed. The cutting and removing of the timber on the territory, or any part thereof, shall not be deemed to have been completed until it has been examined by an officer of the Crown, and the operation has been declared satisfactory by the Minister of Lands and Forests. 21. No refuse, sawdust, chemicals or matter of any other kind shall be placed or deposited in any river, stream or other waters, which shall be or may be injurious to game and fish life. 22. All slash made about camps, dumps, along tote roads, railwords or any other points which constitute a serious fire menace shall be disposed of by and 118 REPORT OF THE No. 3 at the expense of the Company in accordance with the Forest Fires Prevention Act and amendments thereto, and regulations made thereunder. 23. The Company shall co-operate to the satisfaction of the Minister in the purchase of all bona fide settlers' pulpwood. 24. All bona fide accounts due for settlers' pulpwood purchased by the Company, shall constitute a first claim against the Company. 25. The Company shall pay to the party of the First Part, subject to the provisions and conditions herein contained, and subject to such other condi- tions, orders and regulations as may be hereafter passed or enacted relating thereto, the following prices for said wood and timber: Spruce pulpwood — per cord, an upset price of 50c in addition to Crown Dues of $1.40, with an additional 10c added, making a total of $2.00 per cord. Balsam pulpwood — per cord, an upset price of 40c in addition to Crown Dues of 70c, making a total of $1.10 per cord. Poplar pulpwood — per cord, an upset price of 10c in addition to Crown Dues of 40c, making a total of 50c per cord. Jackpine pulpwood — per cord, an upset price of 10c in addition to Crown Dues of 40c, making a total of 50c per cord. Jackpine — (per M. feet B.M.) an upset price of $3.50 per M.F.B.M. in addition to Crown Dues of $2.50 per M.F.B.M., making a total of $6.00 per M.F.B.M. 26. The Company hereby covenants and agrees to and with the Minister to observe, perform and keep all the covenants, agreements, provisions and conditions on its part herein contained. 27. Failure to enlarge said plant or to make the expenditure .hereinbefore provided for or to employ the men as hereinbefore set forth or to observe, per- form and keep any of the covenants, agreements, provisions and conditions on its part herein contained, shall forfeit all the right of the Company hereunder, and shall cause the deposit hereinbefore mentioned to be forfeited to and become the absolute property of the Crown. 28. If upon the termination of said period of twenty-one years the Com- pany shall have fully performed the terms and conditions hereinbefore set forth to the satisfaction of the Minister, it shall be entitled to an extension hereof for a further term of ten years upon such terms and conditions (including the prices to be paid for wood and timber) as may then be fixed by the Minister, and at the expiration of such period of ten years to a further extension of ten years upon such terms and conditions (including the prices to be paid for wood and timber) as may then be fixed by the Minister. If at the expiration of the last of such renewals the Company shall have in all respects fully performed the terms and conditions hereinbefore set forth and shall have maintained its plant and property in a" high state of efficiency to the satisfaction of the Minister in all respects and so that it shall then appear to the Minister desirable in the public interest to continue and maintain the operations of the said plant, the Minister shall grant to the Company a further extension or extensions of this agreement on such terms and conditions (including the prices to be paid for wood and timber) as may then be fixed by him. 29. The manufacturing clauses of The Crown Timber Act and amendments to the said The Crown Timber Act, and all other clauses, Acts and regulations relating in any way to the cutting of timber on Crown lands, shall be applicable to the operations of the Company, and shall be binding upon the Company as 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 119 fully and effectually as if they had been set forth herein. Provided always, that nothing contained in such clauses, Acts and regulations shall limit, restrict or curtail the duties, liabilities and obligations imposed upon the Company by virtue of this agreement. 30. That as required by the Minister upon reasonable notice the Company will at the market price from time to time furnish to Canadian Publishers each month such a proportion of the output of the paper mill as shall be demanded by the Minister; provided however, that the Company shall not be required to so furnish more than fifteen per cent, from time to time of its total output. 31. The decision of the Minister as to the true intent and meaning of this agreement shall be final and binding upon the Company. 32. This agreement shall be binding upon and enure to the benefit of the Company and its assigns, but this agreement and the rights of the Company thereunder shall not be assigned without the consent of the Minister. In witness whereof the parties hereto have executed these presents the day and year first above written. Signed, Sfaled and Delivered in the presence of: (Sgd-) J- B- Thompson, as to Jas. Lyons. (Sgd.) A. Steele. (seal) (Sgd.) Jas. Lyons. NiPiGON Corporation Limited. (Sgd.) N. A. TiMMiNs, President. (Sgd.) J. L Rankin, Sec. Treas. (seal) 120 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 35 AGREEMENT made and entered into this Eighth day of March, A.D. 1926. Between : — HIS MAJESTY THE KING, represented herein by the Minister of Lands and Forests of the Province of Ontario (hereinafter referred to as "the Minister") of the First Part; — And— C. HOWARD SMITH, of the City of Montreal, in the Province of Quebec, Gentleman (hereinafter referred to as "the Grantee") of the Second Part. Whereas by advertisement duly pubhshed The Honourable the Minister of Lands and Forests for the Province of Ontario called for tenders to be received by him for the right to cut poplar timber on the areas therein mentioned, which said areas are hereinafter more particularly mentioned and described, subject to certain terms and conditions of sale ; And whereas in pursuance of such advertisement the Grantee did deliver his tender to the said Minister, in and by which tender he offered to pay for such poplar timber on the territory in said tender and hereinafter described, the prices hereinafter mentioned, which said prices were the highest offered for the said timber; and whereas the tender of the Grantee was the highest tender received by the said Minister pursuant to such advertisement; And whereas with his tender aforesaid, the Grantee did deposit with the Minister his marked cheque payable to the Honourable the Treasurer of the Province of Ontario, for the sum of Twenty-five thousand Dollars ($25,000); And whereas the Grantee is interested in and connected with the Howard Smith Paper Mills, Limited, now operating a pulp and paper plant at Cornwall, in the Province of Ontario, producing approximately 120,000 pounds of bleached sulphite pulp per day, approximately 100,000 pounds of writing and fine book paper per day, approximately 22,000 pounds of chlorine per day, and approxi- mately 12,000 pounds of caustic soda per day, and having invested in its said plant upwards of Three Million Dollars ($3,000,000); And whereas the said Howard Smith Paper Mills, Limited, employs in its said plant at Cornwall 250 men; And whereas the Grantee is desirous of constructing or securing the con- struction of a plant to be operated in conjunction with the said plant of the Howard Smith Paper Mills, Limited, with an initial capacity of approximately 12,000 tons per annum of bleached soda pulp, the plans of such plant to provide for the extension thereof to a capacity of approximately 25,000 tons of bleached soda pulp per annum ; And whereas it will require approximately 25,000 cords of pulpwood to supply the said 12,000 ton plant above mentioned, and more than double the amount when the plant is extended to the full proposed capacity thereof as above mentioned ; And whereas the proposed 12,000 ton plant will employ approximately 50 men in its operation, and when bush operations on the limits hereinafter referred to commence, approximately 125 men will be required for such operations; 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 121 And whereas the expenditure involved in the construction and equipment of said proposed plant to a capacity of approximately 12,000 tons per annum, as aforesaid, and in undertaking and completing all works necessary or advisable for the efficient operation thereof, will approximate Seven Hundred Thousand Dollars ($700,000) ; And whereas the construction and operation of said plant will be of benefit and advantage to the Province of Ontario ; And whereas in view of the matters above recited, the Minister has deemed it wise and in the public interest to grant to the said Grantee the right to cut poplar timber as hereinafter provided, and has caused this agreement to be prepared so as to secure the erection by the Grantee of said plant and to define and determine the conditions relating to the cutting of said wood and the payment therefor ; Now this agreement witnesseth that the Minister with the approval of the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council, and subject to all terms and conditions hereof, doth hereby grant to the Grantee for a period of twenty-one years from the date hereof, the right to cut and remove poplar timber in, upon and from such parts of the following territory as may from time to time be designated by the Minister, that is to say: — the following townships and parts of townships trav- ersed by or lying in the vicinity of the Canadian National and the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railways, namely: — The townships of Ivanhoe and Folyet, in the District of Sudbury; the townships of McElroy, Lee and Blackstock, the township of Boston, excepting the south-west part thereof, and the east half of the township of Langmuir, in the District of Temiskaming, and the Township of Thomas in the District of Cochrane, — sufficient poplar timber to enable the Grantee to operate his said proposed plant continuously to its full capacity; and if at any time during said period of twenty-one years or any extension or extensions thereof as are hereinafter provided for, it should appear that for any reason whatever there is not sufficient poplar timber on the said territory to supply the Grantee with sufficient poplar timber to enable him to operate his said plant continuously to its full capacity, the Minister will grant to the Grantee the right to cut poplar timber on other ungranted Crown lands to be designated by him, and to be situate as near as possible to the territory above described, on the same terms and conditions as are herein contained; 1. The said Grantee shall erect a plant with an approximate initial capacity of 12,000 tons per annum of bleached soda pulp, the plans of such plant to provide for the extension of the same to a capacity of approximately 25,000 tons per annum. The construction of the said plant shall be commenced on or before the first day of September, 1926, and shall be completed on or before 31st day of December, 1928. 2. Expenditure shall be made by the Grantee in the construction of such plant as follows:— $200,000 on or before the first day of July 1927, and the full amount required to construct and complete the same to a capacity of approxi- mately 12,000 tons per annum of bleached soda pulp not later than the 31st day of December, 1928. 3. The said plant shall be completed within the time above mentioned to the satisfaction of the Minister in accordance with plans approved by the Minister. 4. The said Grantee shall expend in the construction of said plant and in works necessaiy and advisable for the efficient operation thereof the sum of approximately $700,000. m REPORT OF THE No. 3 5. The Grantee shall, from and after the 31st day of December, 1928, constantly employ at least 50 men in or about the operation of said plant to be constructed as aforesaid, and he shall, either directly in the woods' operations to be carried on by him on the said limits, or indirectly by the purchaseof wood from settlers or others in the Province of Ontario, afford employment for not less than six months in each year for an average of 125 men. 6. The deposit of Twenty- Five Thousand Dollars ($25,000) made by the Grantee with his tender shall remain on deposit until the 12,000 ton plant here- inbefore provided for has been completed and put in operation. After said plant is completed and is in regular operation, the said Twenty-Five Thousand Dollars may be applied on account of moneys payable to the Crown by the Grantee hereunder, for dues or charges accruing from the timber cut or for ground rents payable to the Crown, or otherwise. The Grantee when and as required shall also furnish a bond of an approved Guarantee Company iii form and in amount satisfactory to the Minister to secure the due performance of all his obligations hereunder. 7. All timber other than poplar, and the right to sell or otherwise dispose of the same as the Minister may see fit, is hereby specifically reserved to the Crown, but it is distinctly understood and agreed that the Grantee shall cut and remove from the territory from time to time designated by the Minister, as hereinafter provided, wherever required by the Minister so to do, all other merchantable timber of every character and kind whatsoever upon said area that may be necessary to make a clean cut operation according to approved lumbering methods, such cutting to be done in such manner as the Minister may from time to time direct and to his satisfaction. 8. The Grantee shall pay such prices for timber other than poplar cut under the provisions of the preceding paragraph hereof, as may from time to time be fixed by the Minister, and all timber other than poplar so cut, shall be manu- factured into lumber, ties or other manufactured products to the satisfaction of the Minister in the Province of Ontario. 9. All poplar timber cut by the Grantee under this agreement shall be manufactured into soda pulp, but as the consumption of paper in Canada is limited, a portion of this soda pulp will be exported, but it is agreed that the pulp manufactured of wood taken off these areas will be manufactured into paper in Canada, in such grades as Fine Book and Coating Papers, and any soda pulp that is exported will be manufactured from wood purchased from other sources. 10. It is distinctly understood that the right is hereby reserved to the Crown to deal with the lands above described and the timber standing, growing and being thereon, for reforestation and other purposes, as the Minister may see fit, and in particular, but not so as in any way to limit or restrict the generality of the foregoing, it is hereby specifically stipulated and agreed as follows: — (a) All red and white pine on said territory is reserved to the Crown. (b) The Crown reserves and excepts from the lands above described the right of way of any and all railways or travelled roads, islands, Indian Reserves and all lands under the water of all rivers, lakes and streams; also all lands heretofore patented, licensed, leased, located, or applied for in respect of which such proceedings have been taken or shall hereafter be taken as in the opinion of the Minister of Lands and Forests, entitles the applicant or applicants to a lease or patent of such lands, together with the right to sell, lease, locate or otherwise dispose of any 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 123 lands within the area allocated for settlement, mining, summer resort or other purposes, on such terms and conditions as may be deemed advisable. (c) All water powers and privileges on the said territory are reserved to the Crown. (d) The Grantee shall not have the right to cut or remove timbei of any kind from any lands already under timber license or permit from the Crown, without special permission in writing of the Minister. 11. On or before the 1st of September in each year, should the Grantee intend to conduct woods' operations on the limits hereby granted during the course of the then coming season, the Grantee shall apply to and get the permis- sion in writing of the Minister for the area within said territory on which the cutting for the then coming season shall take place, and the Grantee shall not be entitled to cut at any other place or places in said territory other than and except those specifically designated in such permission. At the end of each season's operations, and on or before the first day of June in each and every year, the Grantee shall file with the Minister a map indicating thereon the area cut over during the preceding season, and the kinds and quantities of wood and timber taken therefrom. 12. The Minister shall have the right in and by the written permission provided for in the preceding paragraph hereof, to fix a minimum diameter for all timber to be cut and to make any regulations and impose any restrictions and conditions in connection with the cutting of poplar and other timber on such areas, that he may think right and proper for the purpose of preserving young tim- ber in the interests of reforestation or for any other purpose. The Minister shall also have the right to require the Grantee to leave any suitable seed trees that may from time to time be selected by him, and to conform to any other regulations in connection with the cutting of such poplar and other timber he may deem proper. 13. The Grantee shall take such precautions and employ such means to prevent injury or destruction by fire upon said territory as the Minister may require, and shall pay an annual charge for fire protection of $3.20 per square mile or such other rate as may be from time to time fixed by the Lieutenant- Governor-in-Council. 14. Poplar taken out in four foot or eight foot lengths shall be measured, returned and paid for on the basis of 128 cubic feet to each stacked cord. Poplar taken out in lengths above eight feet shall be measured in the log on the cubic basis and each 100 cubic feet shall constitute a cord. 15. It is distinctly understood that the Minister does not guarantee any quantity of wood on the said territory and that the only right conferred upon the Grantee hereby is the right to cut poplar and such other timber (if any) as may be designated by the Minister, on such areas within said territory as from time to time may be designated by the Minister, pursuant and subject to the terms and conditions herein contained, and subject to such further terms, con- ditions and regulations as to the cutting, measuring, removing and driving of the same as may from time to time be imposed by the Lieutenant-Governor-in- Council, or by the Minister. 16. Proper sworn returns of the quantity of wood and other timber cut during the course of any season shall be made to the Government in conformity with the Crown Timber Regulations, and payment shall be made for such wood and timber not later than the first day of October in each year, and the Govern- ment in addition to all the rights and powers herein contained shall have all the 124 REPORT OF THE No. 3 rights and powers in respect of enforcing such payment as are now provided in the case of timber cut under the Crown Timbei Act. On all arrears of accounts due and payable October 1st interest at the rate of six per cent, per annum shall be charged up to the 31st of October of the same year, or for one month and thereafter at the rate of one per cent, per month until paid. 17. The Minister shall have the right to inspect the timber operations carried on by the Grantee at any time he may deem it advisable, or in the public interests so to do, and if such inspection shall show that the timber operations are carried on in such a way that any merchantable or valuable timber which should be removed, is being left or destroyed, he shall have the right to estimate the said timber and charge the same to the Grantee at the same rate of dues and bonus as if it had been actually removed. The cutting and removing of the timber on the territory, or any part thereof, shall not be deemed to have been completed until it has been examined by an officer of the Crown, and the operation has been declared satisfactory by the Minister. 18. No refuse, sawdust, chemicals or matter of any other kind shall be placed or deposited in any river, stream or other waters which shall be or may be injurious to game and fish life. 19. All slash made about camp, dumps, along tote roads, railroads, or any other points which constitute a serious fire menace shall be disposed of by and at the expense of the Grantee in accordance with the Forest Fire Prevention Act and amendments thereto, and regulations made thereunder. 20. The Grantee shall co-operate to the satisfaction of the Minister in the purchase of all bona fide settlers' pulpwood. 21. All bona fide accounts due for settlers' pulpwood purchased by the Grantee shall constitute a first claim against the Company, 22. The Grantee shall pay to the Crown, subject to the provisions and con- ditions herein contained, and subject to such other conditions, orders and regu- lations as may be hereafter passed or enacted relating thereto, the sum of 52c per cord, being the upset bonus price of 10c per cord. Crown dues of 40c per cord, and 2c per cord in addition. 23. The Grantee hereby covenants and agrees to and with the Minister to observe, perform and keep all the covenants, agreements, piovisions and condi- tions on his part herein contained. 24. The failure to construct said plant or to make the expenditure herein- before provided for, or to employ or indirectly to provide employment for the men as hereinbefore set forth or to observe, perform and keep any of the coven- ants, agreements, provisions and conditions on his part herein contained, shall forfeit all the right of the Grantee hereunder, and shall cause the deposit herein- before mentioned to be forfeited to and become the absolute property of the Crown. 25. If upon the termination of said period of twenty-one years the Grantee shall have fully performed the terms and conditions hereinbefore set forth to the satisfaction of the Minister, he shall be entitled to an extension hereof for a further term of ten years upon such terms and conditions (including the prices to be paid for wood and timber) as may then be fixed by the Minister, and at the expiration of such period of ten years to a further extension of ten years upon such terms and conditions (including the prices to be paid for wood and timber) as may then be fixed by the Minister. If at the expiration of the last of such extension, the Grantee shall have in all respects fully performed the terms and conditions hereinbefore set forth, and shall have maintained his plant and property in a high state of efficiency to the satisfaction of the Minister, in all 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 1^5 respects and so that it shall then appear to the Minister desirable in the public interest to continue and maintain the operations of the said plant, the Minister shall grant to the Grantee a further extension or extensions of this agreement on such terms and conditions (including the prices to be paid for wood and timber) as may then be fixed by him. 26. The manufacturing clauses of the Crown Timber Act and amendments to the said The Crown Timber Act, and all other clauses, acts and regulations relating in any way to the cutting of timber on Crown lands, shall be applicable to the operations of the Grantee, and shall be binding upon the Grantee as fully and effectually as if they had been set forth herein. Provided always, that nothing contained in such clauses, acts and regulations shall limit, restrict or curtail the duties, liabilities and obligations imposed upon the Grantee by virtue of this agreement. 27. The decision of the Minister as to the true intent and meaning of this agreement shall be final and binding upon the Grantee. 28. This agreement shall be binding upon and enure to the benefit of the Grantee, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, but this agreement and the rights of the grantee hereunder shall not be assigned without the consent of the Minister. 29. The word "Crown" herein shall mean His Majesty, his heirs and suc- cessors in the right of the Province of Ontario. The word "Minister" herein shall mean and include the Minister of Lands and Forests of the Province of Ontario, or any Minister of the Crown in said Province performing the duties of the Ministers of Lands and Forests in his absence, or during a vacancy in that office. In witness whereof the parties hereto have executed these presents the day and year first above written. Signed, Sealed and Delivered in the presence of "E. A. Jones." Witness as to the signature of Ruby Pearl Ferguson. "C. Howard Smith." "G. H. Ferguson." PART 11. 11271 128 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Appendix No. 36 REPORT OF THE FORESTRY BRANCH, 1926 Sir, — The report of the work of this Branch for the year ending October 31st, 1926, is given under the sections of Forest Fire Protection, Air Service, Air Operations, Reforestation and Forest Investigation. I. — Forest Fire Protection (1) Legislation No changes were made in the Forest Fires Prevention Act during the year 1926. (2) Organization and Personnel In the early part of May a new district office was opened at Sioux Lookout for the new Hudson Inspectorate under the jurisdiction of a technical forester with one technical assistant. This Inspectorate consisted of four Chief Ranger Districts, C.G.R. West, C.G.R. Central and Kenora, all previously in the Western Inspectorate, and the newly formed Red Lake Chief Ranger District. The Western Inspectorate now consists of the three districts, Rainy River, Thunder Bay and Nipigon. The resignation in September of the Fire Inspector in charge of the Oba Inspectorate resulted in the transfer to that Inspectorate as District Forester of the Forestry Assistant in the Algonquin Inspectorate. Two District Foresters, those in charge of the Sudbury and the Trent Inspectorates, resigned in the early spring to accept more remunerative positions elsewhere. The technical assistants in the two Inspectorates were then placed in charge. Later a new Inspectorate, North Bay, was formed from part of the Sudbury Inspectorate and includes the Chief Ranger Districts of Timagami North, Timagami East and North Bay. The Inspectorate is in charge of the Forester previously at North Bay, with one Forestry Assistant. A Forestry Assistant was also appointed for the Soo Inspectorate. The total field supervisory staff for the ten inspectorates was as shown in the accompanying table, seven District Foresters, one Assistant District Forester, one Forester, five Forestry Assistants, one Forest Supervisor, four Fire In- spectors, one Assistant Fire Inspector, thirty-nine Chief Rangers and one hundred and ten Deputy Chief Rangers. This allowed direct supervision of one Chief or Deputy Chief Ranger to an average of every six rangers. 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 129 ORGANIZATION AND PERSONNEL Inspec- torate Area (acres) Head- quarters Supervisory Staff 1 — District Forester 1 — Asst. District Forester 4 — Chief Rangers U — Deputy Chief Rangers 1— Forest Supervisor 3 — Chief Rangers 11 — Deputy Chief Rangers 1 — Fire Inspector 1— Asst. Fire Inspector . . . 5 — Chief Rangers 13 — Deputy Chief Rangers 1 — Fire Inspector 7 — Chief Rangers 13 — Deputy Chief Rangers Chief Ranger Districts Headquarters Hudson. Western Oba. Cochrane . 18,291,000 16,310,000 19,840,000 18,247,000 Sioux Lookout Port Arthur Oba. Cochrane Soo. Sudbury . . 7,394,000 13,397,000 Sault Ste. Marie Sudbury. North Bay Georgian Bay Algonquin Trent . . . 4,788,000 4,591,000 3,522,000 3,513,000 Red Lake C.G.R. West.... C.G.R. Central . . Kenora Rainy River . Thunder Bay Nipigon C.G.R. East. Hearst Longlac Oba Franz North Bay Parry Sound Pembroke Tweed -District Forester. . . -Forestry Assistant . . -Chief Rangers -Deputy Chief Rangers -District Forester. . . -Forester -Fire Inspectors -Chief Rangers -Deputy Chief Rangers -District Forester . . . -Forestry Assistant . . -Chief Rangers -Deputy Chief Rangers Smoky Falls .... Kapuskasing .... Cochrane Matheson Timmins Abitibi New Liskeard . . . A. C. R. Blind River Mississagi South Foleyet West . . . Foleyet East . . . . Mississagi West . Mississagi East. Webbwood Timagami West . Sudbury North . . Sudburv South . . Timagami North Timagami East . North Bay -District Forester . . . -Forestry Assistant . . -Chief Rangers -Deputy Chief Rangers -District Forester. . . -Forestry Assistant . . -Chief Rangers -Deputy Chief Rangers -District Forester . . . -Forestry Assistant . . -Chief Rangers -Deputy Chief Rangers Georgian Bay W. Georgian Bay E Georgian Bay S Algonquin North Algonquin South Trfent Madawaska . Pine Ridge Sioux Lookout Armstrong Kenora Fort Frances Port Arthur Macdiarmid Nakina Hearst Longlac Oba Franz Smoky Falls Kapuskasing Cochrane Matheson Timmins Lowbush Englehart Sand Lake Blind River Ranger Lake Elsas Gogama Chapleau Biscotasing Nairn Centre Mattagami Post Skead Sudbury Elk Lake Timagami North Bay Parry Sound Powassan Dorset Pembroke Brule Lake Bancroft Dacre The average daily force including the Chief and Deputy Chief Rangers, was as follows: April, 57; May, 552; June, 955; July, 989; August, 976; September, 710; October, 132. The largest number of men on duty at anyone time, including 149 Chief and Deputy Chief Rangers, was 995. 5 L.F. 130 REPORT OF THE No. 3 NUMBER OF MEN ON DUTY INCLUDING CHIEF AND DEPUTY CHIEF RANGERS 1926 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 April 1st April 15th May 1st May 15th June 1st June 15th July 1st July 15th August 1st August 15th . . . September 1st. September 15th October 1st ... . October 15th .. , October 31st.. . 19 42 168 549 896 966 982 992 987 983 918 798 257 129 44 24 62 360 648 822 842 847 848 845 841 835 806 245 82 22 60 215 525 756 810 812 813 806 792 745 626 148 47 4 9 205 699 1,104 1,166 1,198 1,257 1,220 1,223 1,115 968 291 HI 7 21 144 595 1,002 1,052 1,065 1,054 1,044 1,040 980 545 101 44 7 19 59 568 962 1,014 1,022 1,036 1,029 1,034 977 533 78 30 X (3) Expenditures The total expenditure for the year was $1,072,544.44, less $80,000 trans- ferred to a charge against Forest Ranging to cover air operations in connection with that work, leaving the actual charge against Forest Fire Protection at $992,544.44. The amount of fire tax collected for the year was $303,308.15. K 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 131 OM^ 3\ lO •^ •^ '^ '-I 00 OC ©\ !?\ Os O 0\ CN lO -^ lO •* Tf w OS P H ►—I Q Z W Oi X w o o I— I H < U ro Tfi lO ■rt< ■^ i-^ ^O VO 00 O fO CN vO CN ■>^ ro lO O ^ fN 0\ rO-^00o0OM3". 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'-"" *u o O in 0) ^-H ro O <^ T-l ^ C^l t^ .°* IM Z. Ih jj' fNr-lOONOOU-)Ttooiooc CN o -a -o ro lO lO <>l ^ -^ re "~ CN J2 c •^ in Tt(^OrOiOO\-H-^ONt- •O c 0) rO'^oOr^rO^OOOO'^O^ CN 03 0) 0) o Ih 03 O r~l ^_*~~_*^'^.*^ ■* c °1 ""* rt •^ "^r-T^'f^r c^ oT "o > < '"' 05 Oh "o a) rt OTl'1 ■* ^'^ CN "u O c o Z iH *-i 000010»0(MC<10 o c o'cN'O00\OO^■^t^^0'>C Ov o O^>O0^(S^0rJ<00CNTJ^rl■ O be c c nJ ••H (/3 rM\0'*iOOM'>'-iOOCOrt r>j c "^ 0) mof^.-tOfO'ticvuT^ y—i b c 03 1- 4) O Ih OS Ol ■^f 00 "0 Ov 00 0\_rO lO f^ o_ ^ ? oTaTr-rcN r^'cN'* -H ^^ in o U < '-' ■^ vO '^ £ «OPOOvO«^OrOOOTl. • H a • Of . >> . ® c in O H U U C c tn R a c 0 u .1 140 REPORT OF THE No. 3 (5) Permits The number of permits issued during the season for burning brush and debris was almost two thousand in excess of the number issued the year previous, but the acreage covered by these was over a thousand acres less. Contrary to the three previous seasons, however, approximately ninety per cent, of the permits issued were used, the weather throughout most of the spring and summer being almost ideal for burning. In addition to the acreage of railway right-of-way burned off and included in the total acreage in the accompanying table the burning of old ties and debris was carried out along nearly 600 miles of line. STATEMENT OF PERMITS ISSUED District Number of Permits 1926 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 Red Lake 31\ 26/ 99 70 1 128 16 100 28 23 C.G.R. West 1 C.G.R. Central Kenora 179 31 264 3 19 235 362 216 139 180 39 59 128 3 53 Rainy River 5 Thunder Bay Nipigon C.G.R. East 51 1,804 2 29 5 1,022\ 76/ 2,506 65 1,603 1,407 836 ■ 97 164 95 1,656 36 1,011 18 1,000 50 Hearst 1,774 1,082 756 Longlac . . . Oba 11 10 1,187 2,486 157 1,515 1,212 637 82 126 16 Kapuskasing 668 1,815 2 1,275 580 408 18 100 531 1,480 2 1,122 406 361 10 36 587 2,497 61 2,126 754 209 1,503 2 1,599 407 916 Smoky Falls Cochrane 1,982 Abitibi 8 Matheson 1,887 Timmins 193 New Liskeard 1,169 A C R Blind River 6 58 175 67 18 183 16 580 14 294 395 971 83 207 14 103 311 59/ 3 169 20 12 162 36 411 19 253 174 691 100 159 33 84 106 34 102 15 9 119 173\ 149/ ■ 11 1 1 1 1 25 5 Webbwood 25 36 16 21 Sudbury North Sudbury South Temagami North 200 86 360 ""ll" 61 387 48 46 24 15 42 10 Temagami East 14 North Bay 31 1 29 58 24 3 12 4 Trejit 10 Madawaska Totals 13,466 11,962 7,602 5,907 8,603 5,966 6,154 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 141 STATEMENT OF 1 PERMITS ISSUED Acreage Covered by Permits District 1926 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 Red Lake 151 63/ 416 215 1 325 57 463 95 26 C.G.R. West 1 C.G.R. Central Kenora 442 2,144 993 2 174 1,029 35,006 1,374 1,081 624 331 1,251 637 18 284 Rainy River 23 Thunder Bay Nipigon . . . C.G.R. East . 35 3,435 28 3,721 25 2,311 53 2,335 64 Hearst 3,837 2,124 1,478 Longlac Oba. 28 1 1 60 Franz Kapuskasing 4,106\ 205/ 5,623 213 4,884 2,354 2,093 408 1,041 4,222 4,462 426 5,211 2,064 2,154 1,257 1,119 2,351 4,010 ' 4,573 1,421 1,345 100 619 2,126 4,348 1 5,027 918 1,160 36 294 2,017 8,108 968 7,613 2,591 1,731 4,652 13 5,442 988 7,726 Smoky Falls Cochrane 4,984 Abitibi 72 Matheson 5,427 Timmins 424 New Liskeard 9,768 A.C.R Blind River. . . . 67 Mississagi South 1,008 1,613 2,208 2,843 4,125 137 2,089 27 319 458 1,830 201 558 148 199 nil 86/ 25 3,152 2,555 4,741 2,768 293 1,957 6 1,197 819 1,384 742 418 377 121 326 2,959 3,402 81 2 2,009 4251 6,900/ 52 5 408 1 128 Foleyet East. . . / Mississagi West , . 3 Mississagi East Webbwood 81 187 66 101 Sudbury North Sudbury South Temagami West Temagami North . 303 172 518 92 1,657 196 103 129 25 74 18 Temagami East 25 104 Georgian Bay West Georgian Bay East 2 719 599 60 5 13 11 Trent 15 Totals 45,988 47,168 36,025 54,784 29,455 23,678 22,767 6 L.F. 142 REPORT OF THE No. 3 STATEMENT OF PERMITS ISSUED Month Number of Permits 1926 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 April May June July August. . . . September, October. . . Totals 100 3,580 3,341 2,643 2,065 1,672 65 451 2,185 2,273 2,172 2,484 2,367 30 127 849 3,614 1,388 1,093 528 3 2,131 711 1,314 1,077 566 108 1,992 3,034 1,502 1,580 495 1,154 3,085 364 1,329 34 13,466 11,962 7,602 5,907 8,603 5,966 1,003 2,011 891 1,620 629 6,154 Month Acreage Covered by Permits 1926 1925 1924 April May June July August . . . . September October, . . Totals 3,686 13,484 12,020 7,521 4,434 4,800 43 45,988 7,981 12,397 5,851 7,685 6,667 6,546 41 47,168 4,956 2,812 10,188 3,546 5,021 9,450 52 36,025 (6) Equipment Of the major equipment purchased the portable fire fighting units and portable hand pumps were again the most important. The greater part of the new equipment for the Hudson Inspectorate was used in the Red Lake mining area. 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 143 > o. 3sn 9361 pasBqaanj t3 Q < Q W < U 5 a u o < ^22 .- o «i n) c (J u &4 43 « jj bOfi H O o u o o OO^O 00 < > CN 00 lO (M ^^ 00 (J T-< » CS <>1 CN 00 lO CN • sO ^ <» 0\ lO r^ CN • ■*' •a 1-1 « rr) rot-- -so lo (U ^^^ bA o\ CS (>) so CN C ■* 0s>0 so (U cs o Ov ^-^ 1-H T-l Oh lOii^ 00 rr, so 0\ do ■*rr; d '-' rn VO 00 00 CD C Ov CM suoijoadsui O l^ >0 sO 00 O so t^ 0< C-4 00 cs vOiO CM ON « •^ J t^ t--. lO 03 0^ * -<- c o IC 1-1 lO CN fO *p. tN ^00 Tt< CN o u CS 00 SO lo a OS « ^■" en O sO OS lO o ^Tj< -o 4-1 rt o >-H J~- ,_< OS ^ •* ro >0 00 1 c to Os-H ■^ '^ 4) E E tr> »OiO »H Ot-Tl< T-.,-, P^ CM OOO 00 3 2; lO Os ITS • T-H r^ '^ OOiOi-i • re >s BJ _g ipsi : 't3 Di : :« : J2 : :^ : "rt c^pi'^e^pi ^ cCzuw'o ' uu< < z 1 o t^ .- c OS J3 6 «» O U SO en rsi 01 OS u per cent, of the total hours flying, to flying instruction of junior personnel in the last season. This also is designed to provide for the Service a flying staff trained from the ground up in the particular requirements of forest protection work. Moreover, the Province of Ontario and the Dominion of Canada are served by the training of men for peace time commercial flying and national defence in time of war. Not least of the benefits is the encouraging of the mechanical personnel by this policy of recognizing valuable service and ability by promotion to flying position. Following is given the report of the officer in charge of flying instruction. Summary of Flying Instruction, 1926: Four new pilots were given flying instruction in the handling of an H.S. 2 L. flying boat. They were passed in the Senior Category of pilots for 1926 opera- tions. 152 REPORT OF THE No. 3 One junior pilot was graduated from the air engineer ranks and was passed for service as Junior Pilot B. Five air engineers were given flying instruction and each successfully carried out a series of solo practice flights at Sault Ste. Marie. Four of these engineer pilots received the R.C.A.F. refresher course on light machines at Camp Borden and satisfactorily carried out solo flights on this type. One senior pilot was tested and turned down as not being up to the standard required by the Service. Two engineers were given preliminary flying instruction and are not being continued with. One junior pilot A was given preliminary flying instruction and posted as a pilot helper on operations. One engineer (applicant pilot) received instruction and is recommended for further instruction in 1927. One observer (applicant pilot) was given trial flights and recommended for instruction in 1927. Operation Statistics: The increased activity in almost every phase of the season's operations is reflected in the statistical summary given below. The total number of flights, average number of flights per day, average altitude, number of miles flown, and weights carried, all show increases. The average duration of flight is 1.46^ hours as compared with 2.06 hours in 1925, the decrease caused partly by the greater number of short suppression and instructional flights, and partly by the tendency toward a policy of shorter patrols and quicker reporting of fires. Flights: Total number of flights Average duration of flight Average miles flown per flight Average altitude Average number of flights per day Average number of flights per day per machine on days machines employed Number of miles flown Load: Total load — weight carried Total operating load carried Eflfective or pay load carried Passengers Carried: Total number of passengers carried Average number of passengers per flight Average number of passengers per machine Total number of passengers and personnel carried 1926 1,994 1.463^ hrs, 115 3,197 ft. 10.6 2.11 230,991 3,249,372 2,589,959 659,413 1,636 .82 102 5,624 1925 1,312 2.06 hrs. 129 1,990 ft. 6.3 165,835 2,364,275 1,810,735 553,540 1,214 0.9 71 3,938 Following are given the statistics of Service efficiency for 1926. It is to be noted that of the 2,651 possible machine days from the beginning of the season to the end, machines were unserviceable on only 117 days, as compared with 2,729 possible machine days in 1925 and machines unserviceable on 229 days; of the remaining 2,534 serviceable machine days, machines were employed on 944, available and idle on 793, and weather was unfit for flying on 797 days. 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 153 It must also be remembered that most of the days on which machines were unserviceable were days when weather was unfit for flying, so that necessary engine changes were cared for with little interruption to service. Of 821 patrols requisitioned 97.81 per cent, were successfully carried out, as compared with 97.3 per cent, of only 555 requisitions in 1925. Machine days, one machine for one day, machines employed .... Fair weMhea* machine days, machines available and idle Machine days, machines available and weather unfit for flying . . Total number machine days supplied by the Service Number of times one machine unserviceable one day Total possible machine days in season Number of patrols requisitioned Number of times machine unable to complete patrol account machine trouble Machine patrol efficiency Service patrol efficiency 1926 944 793 797 2,534 117 2,651 821 20 97.55 97.81 1925 763 932 805 2,500 229 2,729 555 15 97.3 HOURS FLOWN ON VARIOUS PHASES OF FLYING OPERATION 1926 Per cent. 1925 Per cent Fire detection Suppression Sketching Photography Special transportation (semi commercial) Observers' instruction Forced landings Ferrying (to and from operating bases) . , Operation, administration, inspection. . . Flying instruction Test 1,957.44 640. 17 142.56 99.25 194.50 17.14 29.25 234.36 62.10 117.50 42.55 6.6 1.8 3.3 1.2 1,440.40 155.45 244.42 53.15 197.40 26.50 36.04 330.41 62.05 55.48 47.27 52.5 5.7 8.9 1.9 7.2 .9 1.3 12.0 2.2 2.0 1.7 EFFICIENCY PROVINCIAL AIR SERVICE OPERATIONS, 1926 Month .1 *3 0) a B V < -a "a E o U Completed same day but delayed Not com- pleted same day Percentage completed uninterrupted Percentage completed same day but delayed 1 May 117 104 217 272 96 5 115 104 217 272 96 14 104 97 202 239 83 14 3 1 3 4 1 10 6 12 29 12 1 88.88 93.27 93.08 87.87 86.46 93.33 2.56 .96 1.38 1.47 1.04 6.67 3 1 5 8 3 7 June 5 July 7 August 21 September 9 October 1 821 818 739 12 70 90.00 1.46 20 50 154 REPORT OF THE No. 3 OPERATIONS STATISTICS, 1926 Machines 6 (u Machine days machine employed Clear days machine available and idle Available but weather unfit Unable to complete patrol mechanical Vi e .2 '35 '3 cr 'atrols abandoned account weather Ph « Albatross 183 139 75 152 140 152 162 158 161 145 161 161 21 157 172 151 154 90 4 6 9 10 10 4 4 5 2 9 4 4 7 6 11 10 12 110 56 31 85 57 57 61 50 60 39 57 43 1 49 60 58 52 18 32 58 28 34 50 28 52 56 58 56 37 71 10 56 60 32 41 34 41 25 16 67 49 52 43 50 67 47 10 52 52 61 61 38 2 1 i 2 "i .... 1 2 "i ""i 1 2 41 30 30 113 52 42 61 45 45 36 79 41 "46 56 56 47 7 2 Buzzard 3 Eagle 1 Falcon 1 Gull 5 Heron 5 Ibis 2 Jackdaw 5 Kestrel 3 Loon 2 Mallard 3 Nightingale Owl 3 Pigeon Quail 6 Raven 3 Snipe 7 Thrush 2 2,534 117 944 793 797 20 821 53 Machine efficiency, 97.55. Service efficiency, 97.81. Note. — For the purpose of obtaining an accurate average the machine Owl has been eliminated, and the machines Eagle and Thrush shown as one, as Thrush carried on where Eagle left off. ^ Damage to Aircraft: I regret I have to report three mishaps during the year involving the loss of three machines, but no loss of life or severe injury to personnel. The motors and all equipment were salvaged from two of these machines, which greatly reduced the loss. In July machine Owl, a Loening Air Yacht, was crashed at Sudbury by a pilot having no experience with the operation of such type, a monoplane, and operating in disobedience to Provincial Air Service orders and Air Regulations 1920. The pilot in question, after a Court of Enquiry by the officials of the Department of National Defence, had his license suspended for a period of six months. Slight injuries were suflfered by the pilot and his unauthorized pas- sengers. In August machine Eagle, proceeding to the assistance of machine Falcon in the Red Lake area, landed with necessary spare parts and in manoeuvring to take off for the return to Pine Ridge struck a large submerged rock. The hull was so critically injured that, after a careful survey of the entire situation, it was decided that the expense in connection with salvage would be greater than the purchase price of a new machine of this type. The engine and all parts, including rigging fittings, were salvaged and returned to the operating base at Sioux Lookout. Machine Buzzard, returning to Sault Ste. Marie after the completion of the season's operations and when actually in sight of the city, was forced to land on Lake Superior, due to the fact that water condensation in the gravity tank made a mixture that did not function correctly in the Liberty engine. 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 155 The machine landed on the lake under normal weather conditions, although quite late in the evening. In fifteen or twenty minutes a severe storm swept across from the east and every endeavour which was made to beach the machine on the Canadian side was of no avail. The machine drifted out to rougher water and the pilot, realizing the difficulties he was in, hailed a freighter. In the rescue or attempt to tow the flying boat to safety, the bow of the freighter practically cut the machine in half, and it was necessary that the pilot and air engineer climb aboard the freighter, with no time to make a rescue or salvage of any of the equipment either of the boat or of their personal belongings. Recommendations: During the operations of the Provincial Air Service in the past three years, it has been the practice, and deemed advisable, to retain the services as far as possible of the pilot personnel throughout the winter months, though active flying operations cease with the fire hazard in the fall of the year. The chief reason for this is that it is necessary to ensure the services of an efficient staff of pilots, both skilled in the handling of a machine and experienced in the work and requirements of the Forestry Branch, for the succeeding fire hazard season. With the exception of a few — the station superintendent in charge of the reconditioning programme, a station superintendent assisting in the Director's office at Toronto, and a few pilot mechanics who work in the engine section on engine overhaul — the pilots are employed as general helpers assisting where necessary in the hangar throughout the reconditioning period. The service these pilots render cannot be considered as proportionate to the salary received during this period. Furthermore, the nature of their work and the consequent reversal of position in the Service as regards the mechanics, is not conducive to the maintenance of the high moral standard and efficiency that the Provincial Air Service demands. It is therefore recommended that, instead of employing the pilot staff as at present, they be released during the winter months on a retaining fee. Should this policy be decided upon, it would mean the release of at least twelve pilots for a period of five months, and a saving of approximately 50 per cent, of their salaries. 156 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Comparative Statistical Briefs: Comparative Statistical Briefs Flying time Greatest Weeks' Flying: Week ending June 28th Week ending August 29th Week ending July 31st Greatest Month's Flying: August August Greatest Day's Flying by One Pilot: July 5th— C. J. Clayton August 24th — J. O. Leach August 4th— C. A. Schiller Greatest Week's Flying by One Pilot: Week ending June 28th — (G. A. Thompson) 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 7.30 3.50 5.40 5.10 6.50 5.30 3.45 Week ending August 22nd— (T. B. Tully): 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 6.45 8.10 6.50 8.00 6.00 5.40 7.40 Week ending September 4th — (C. A. Schiller): 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 8.45 9.25 9.25 4.25 7.00 9.20 3.55 1924 hours 2,597.00 1925 hours 2,739.52 109.15 28i!55 922.54 10.40 "9.'36 38.15 49.05 1926 hours 3,539.22 372.45 1,089.50 12.10 52.15 Conclusion: An endeavour has been made in this report to present briefly the out- standing essential facts of the Provincial Air Service Operations, Flying and Reconditioning, under my direction. Incomplete indeed would be this report without a tribute to the many other services which have helped. The untiring efforts and ready co-operation of the Observing Staff have never been wanting. Worthy of mention are the active support and good will of all Foresters. They have placed their knowledge freely at the disposal of the Flying Service, and displayed the greatest patience when service has not been forthcoming. A tribute must also be paid to the personnel, both flying and ground. No force or service has been better served. Much of their work is carried out under great difficulties. The year's record achieved is, I believe, a standing tribute to their devotion to flying, their energy and initiative. III. — Air Operations (Observing, Forest Survey and Photography) Organization and Seasonal History: In general the organization and use of flying by the Branch has been very similar to that reported on for the past two seasons. As previously, the Province was divided into two main areas, an Eastern and a Western, with headquarters respectively at Sudbury and Sioux Lookout, and a common boundary along the 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 157 eastern limit of the Nipigon Forest Reserve. From these two centres flying for forest protection was organized to cover all of the Fire District in the Province north of the French River — Lake Nipissing line and south of the Albany-Lac Seul English River line, exclusive of the small settled areas centering around Haileybury, but inclusive of the Red Lake mining field lying north of Lac Seul. To carry on this programme, eight machines were allotted to the Western patrol at the commencement of the season, located as follows: Sioux Lookout, two; Pine Ridge (Red Lake District machine), one; Kenora, one; Fort Frances, one; Orient Bay, three. With the exception of the allotment of three machines to Orient Bay, the above distribution probably requires no further comment. In the case of Orient Bay, two of the three machines were allotted to the Port Arthur district, and were stationed at Orient Bay because of the temporary lack of a better operating point closer to Port Arthur. It is proposed to improve this arrange- ment for the coming season by opening a new operating base. The third machine was for local duty in the Nipigon area. It might also be noted in connection with the general organization of this Western Patrol that early in the season an unfortunate flying accident in the Red Lake District reduced the number of available machines to seven. Con- sequently, during hazardous fire periods occurring later in the season, it was necessary at times to move machines from both Fort Frances and Orient Bay in order to meet serious conditions in the Sioux Lookout and Red Lake areas. Nine machines were allotted to the Eastern Patrol and were stationed as follows: Longlac, one; Oba Lake, one; Remi Lake, one; Como Lake, one; Biscotasing, one; Sault Ste. Marie, one; Timagami, one; Sudbury, two. With the exception of the Remi Lake machine, all of the above were of the H.S. 2 L. type in use at other stations in the Province. The machine allotted to this base was a Loening Air Yacht. This machine, while not recommended as a replacement type for the H.S. 2 L., served, at least, to partially demonstrate the advantages which a machine better suited to the requirements of the Branch's work would procure. Quoting from the report of the observer in charge of the Eastern Patrol in this connection: "With the H.S. 2 L. the Remi Lake Patrol . . . required six and one-half hours (6.30) ; with the Loening it was completed in five hours and twenty minutes (5.20)." The above indicates (1) a saving in flying time of approximately 18 per cent, for the same work performed, (2) a gain in time required to report fires. Personnel: During the past season the observing staff engaged in Forest Protection consisted of twenty, made up of two chief observers in charge of Eastern and Western Patrols, nine senior observers, five junior with previous experience, and four new men (Junior Grade B). All observing personnel, with the excep- tion of the four new men, had had previous experience. The value of e.xperience in this line of work is very great. Quoting again from the report of a field officer: "An observer sent out on operations with insufficient experience would probably cost more" (in waste flying, poor fire spotting, etc.) "than the expense of a season's training." It is anticipated that it will be necessary to train four new men next season to replace those leaving the Service. In addition to spotting fires, observers have also undertaken the con- struction of permanent improvements for use in connection with the operation of machines such as buildings, telephone lines, etc. Perhaps the most out- standing piece of work of this sort in the past season was the survey and general 7 L.F. 158 REPORT OF THE No. 3 supervision of the construction of nine miles of telephone line connecting the Remi Lake station, which is located on an island, with the telegraph office at Moonbeam, Ont. As the result of such work during the past and previous years, the Branch now has telephone connection at all established bases. Summary of Flight Records: Listed below is a summary of the requisitioned flying for the Province, classified as to districts and kinds of work. As will be noted there have been distinguished two main lines of work, (1) Forest Protection with two sub- divisions, (a) Fire Patrol and (b) Fire Suppression, and (2) Forest Survey, also having two subdivisions (a) Aerial Sketch Type Mapping, (b) Photograpihc Survey. An attempt has been made to analyse and discuss these in detail : 1. Forest Protection: (a) Fire Patrol. — Under this heading has been included (1) all flying devoted primarily or wholly to the discovery and reporting of fire, (2) the examination of going fires, either by observers or other members of the Branch's Fire Pro- tection staff, (3) a certain amount of miscellaneous flying by protection officers in connection with inspection or general examination of conditions. Examining the record of hours flown on this work, it is interesting to note the relationship between the rate of fire discovery per hour and the occurrence of settlement. This is particularly striking in the case of the Remi Lake patrol, which is con- fined during a good portion of its course to the developing settlement on the Clay Belt. At this station the discovery of new fires is found to be at the rate of six per hour flown, or one every ten minutes. In contrast to this, the Oba Lake Patrol, covering a territory very largely made up of unsettled forest area, has an occurrence rate of one fire in fifty-six hours of flying, or one every 3,360 minutes. It would, thus, appear superficially that the Cochrane Inspectorate came through a bad fire season. Further examination of the records will show, however, that actually a much more serious fire situation is represented by the six fires reported in the Oba Inspectorate than by the 447 in the Cochrane, since in the latter only one reached a dangerous condition, while in the former four were classed as serious forest fires. Fire occurrence, taken alone, cannot be used as an index to relative hazard conditions. (b) Suppression. — Under this heading has been included only flying requi- sitioned for the actual transportation of men or supplies in connection with fire fighting. An indication of the sphere of greatest usefulness for flying of this kind can perhaps be found in the indicated increase in patrols where means of travel and communication are poor. This again has a relation to settlement. The growing importance of suppression and general transportation, par- ticularly in the Western Patrol, has brought out the necessity of further detailed information as to the possibilities and factors affecting this class of aerial work. For supplying such information it has been suggested by the observer in charge of Western Patrols that, as in the case of fire patrols, all requisitions for trans- portation by any machine be made through the observer. This would auto- matically authorize the observer to cover the flight with a complete report showing what was carried, together with times, weights and bulk of load; purpose, destination, weather conditions, etc. Such records would serve a most useful purpose in determining the relative cost of various types of fire suppression transport. It would seem probable that records of this kind would also accent the desirability of obtaining (1) lighter and more compact fire fighting equip- ment, (2) the fitting up of machines to carry special loads. 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 1^ ." 2. Forest Survey: (a) Sketching. — Under this heading is included all aerial operations having for their object the classification of forest growths into the various types used in the preparation of Ontario Forestry Branch timber estimates; together with some mention of specially related technical forest studies carried out under the direction of sketching personnel when flying was impossible. The areas mapped by this method are to be found in three distinct sections of the Province: (1) in the aerial neighbourhood of Sioux Lookout, (2) north of Longlac, (3) east of Oba Lake. The total covered in these three blocks amounts to about 3,300 square miles with a total flying time of 146.05, giving a rate of over 20 square miles per sketching hour. No new methods of work were adopted during the season, the preparation of maps, as in previous years, being a question of personal skill and practice based on a general knowledge of the principles of plane table surveying, and an intimate and special knowledge of the aerial appearance of the forest conditions which it was required to recognize. It is felt, however, that while no innovation or revision of methods has taken place in the past year, there has nevertheless been some advance in the quality of our forest sketch mapping in the past season. Undoubtedly much of this has resulted directly from added aerial experience. Nevertheless it is believed that special forest studies mentioned above have been of material assistance. The importance of a continuous ground study of forest conditions in developing and maintaining the ability to classify forest growth from the air, cannot be over-estimated, and it would seem advisable to provide all observers engaged on this work with facilities for detailed and systematic ground study of forest conditions whenever feasible. Acknowledgment of the assistance of Prof. T. W. Dwight, of the Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, for expert advice and assistance with certain phases of this work is perhaps permissible at this point. The report on the growth of spruce, submitted over his signature and representing a final com- pilation of the field and office work of the technical observing staffs of the Branchy can be placed to the credit of this work. {b) Photographic Survey. — Approximately 1,800 exposures were made andl an area of 3,500 square miles covered by aerial photography during the past season. The total operation required eighty-seven hours forty minutes flying time. The above total of 3,500 square miles is made up of three separate blockb of territory situated in the North Bay, Sudbury, and Sault Ste. Marie Districts; in all three cases the work was performed upon direct request of the District concerned. Of these, the block lying in the North Bay Inspectorate, repre- senting an area of approximately 570 square miles, lies along the west bank of the Ottawa River. The surface is rough and was at one time well opened up for logging operations based on the Ottawa. Upon the completion of cutting, information on this country, largely in private hands ^nd unrecorded, has gradu- ally lapsed so that a re-survey was required for fire protection purposes. The territory required for the Sudbury Inspectorate is to be used in con- nection with the spotting of fires from an Ontario Forestry Branch steel tower located north of Wanapitei Lake in Parkin Township. As a good map is essential to the effective operation of a tower lookout system, and as the country in question is mainly rough and unlikely of further subdivision or more complete 160 REPORT OF THE No. 3 mapping by any agency outside of the Branch, it was considered advisable to obtain this information by Aerial Photographic Survey. The area of this block is approximately 720 square miles. In the Sault District the area on which information was obtained lies south of the C.P.R, main line between Franz and Heron Bay (Lake Superior) and west of the A.C.R. to the Lake Superior shore line. This region, known locally as the Pukaskwa country, is a little known and extremely rough country under license to the Spanish River Company. Inform- ation as to the geography of this territory has been sought for some time to assist in the organization of an improved protection system, the present almost total lack of detail making progress in this direction very difficult. The area of this tract is about 2,200 square miles. No attempt can be made in a report of this kind, to deal with the technical problems of this phase of the Branch's aerial operations. It may be briefly stated, however, that some of the greatest difficulties are: (1) The large amount of specialized draughting required in the office. (2) The necessity of having developing and printing done by an outside organization. (3) Inexperienced photographers. Dealing with these in detail, (1) above is a drawback which has been inherent in the method and one for which there is no recognized cure at the present time. It is hoped, however, that it will be possible to perfect apparatus, now under construction, to a point where a much more effective system of dealing with the office side of this method of survey will be possible. (2) The necessity of having developing and printing done by an outside organization, has been largely caused by lack of laboratory space and equipment for handling the unusually large size areo films. If space and equipment could be provided, work could be handled much more satisfactorily. At present the only photographic plant in Canada equipped to handle this class of work is maintained by the Canadian Air Board in Ottawa, and as they are engaged in the same line of work, it follows that seasonal requirements are bound to clash. There are no commercial firms in the City of Toronto equipped to properly handle aero-films and prints; nor do commercial photographers turn out particularly high grade work of this kind, since requirements for aerial survey are radically different to those govern- ing the general run of commercial photography. (3) Difficulties arising from the inexperience of aerial photographers have to be met, since it has been the policy of the Branch to develop photographers from the regular staff of observers. This method, while beset with difficulties at the outset, will, it is believed, develop a much better type of aerial survey personnel in the long run. Such a man, in contrast to a professional aerial photographer, will have the following valuable qualifications: (a) an adequate conception of the requirements of the Branch and the particular purpose of survey operations; (b) sufficient ability as an aeronaut and navigator to take complete charge of the photographic flight; (c) a working knowledge of the country to be covered, and an appreciation of the proper proportioning of exposures in relation to the surveying difficulties of different portions of the area. The opinion that the skill and experience required to operate an aero camera for photographic survey purposes, can be acquired without any very heavy wastage of film or flying time, is borne out by the experience of the past season. While a certain proportion of the film has not been exposed to the best advantage, only forty out of 1,800 are not readily usable for survey purposes. The above 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 161 record applies to the work of one observer with a total experience of two seasons and about twenty photographic flights, and a second observer, instructed during the season. Should it be decided to continue this line of work, whose results are required in every line of field operation, it is felt that the Branch is now in a position to do so to advantage. Recommendations: The following brief recommendations have been suggested from the past season's experience: 1. Control of Flying. — In order to operate a flying service to the best advant- age it would seem advisable (a) that one office be responsible for the authoriza- tion and recording of all machine movements, {h) that machines fly on written requisition only (O.F.B. Form 72). 2. Mobility of Machines. — ia) That the allotment of flying to districts be made on an hourly basis, {b) that arrangements be made with all sections of the Branch using flying whereby machines have the greatest possible freedom of movement from base to base in accordance with varying flying requirements. 3. Personnel. — (a) That observers be allotted a position in the O.F.B. organization as detection personnel. It is suggested that observers in charge of Eastern and Western Patrols might be given the opportunity of developing the technical organization of a detection system, including all special detection equipment and personnel* for their respective patrol areas; {b) that authority be granted to develop additional air sketching personnel to (I) map cover hazards by aerial sketching, (2) check over and complete forest types on areas covered by photographic survey. Appendices: Appended are the reports of Observer G. Swartman in charge of Eastern Patrols, Observer G. H. R. Phillips in charge of Western Patrols, and H. H. Parsons, Forester, in charge of Aerial Type Sketching. Particular acknowledge- ment is due these men for intelligent and loyal service. A reading of their reports will serve to show how much the writer is indebted to them. Report of Air Operations, 1926 Eastern Patrol The following is a summary of flying operations relative to the Eastern Patrols for the season of 1926: The operating season commenced somewhat later than other years, due to a backward spring, and the ice remaining in the smaller lakes longer than usual. When weather conditions did permit the transference of aircraft from Sault Ste. Marie, there was considerable flying done the first few days. This was necessary as a check upon fires already burning and reported from other sources. Organization: As in previous years the Province was divided into two parts for purposes of organization and supervision. The western boundary of the Eastern Patrol was a line extending north and south from the easterly boundary of the Nipigon Forest Reserve. The Quebec boundary north of the Mattawa River was the eastern limit of this area, although no regular patrols were carried out o^•er the North Bay Inspectorate. The southern boundary may be described as the 162 REPORT OF THE No. 3 line along the French River and Lake Nipissing, although occasional flights were made over the Parry Sound Inspectorate. Headquarters of the Eastern Patrol was again located on Ramsay Lake, Sudbury. While this location is not as central as it should be, it has telegraph and railway facilities that other more central stations lack. In addition to the bases used in the season of 1925, new bases were established at Longlac, Bisco, and also a machine was on fire patrol duty at Sault Ste. Marie during the greater part of the season. With the exception of Sudbury, where there were always two machines, these were all one-machine bases, and in nearly every case, one man had the requisitioning of flying to be done by the machine in his district. This proved to be a very satisfactory arrangement, and should be borne in mind in future when new bases are being established. The general scheme followed in placing the machines for the eastern part of the patrol area was to ferry them first from the Soo to Sudbury, there to wait until they were required at the various bases. This arrangement could not be improved upon, since it allowed the observers to report first to Sudbury, and spend a few days at headquarters receiving their necessary instructions and equipment. Detection Flying: (1) Fire History. — During the season of 1926 the fire hazard, while not as intense as at certain periods in 1925, extended over lopger periods which might be classified as periods of medium hazard. A total of 793 fires was detected and reported. This figure includes 64 class D fires and 729 of the A, B, C classes. The majority of the latter group were clearing fires, a report being made in most cases as a check against the fire permit issued by the suppression staff". Reports from Remi Lake show 446 class A, B, C fires, mostly all clearing fires in various stages and in most cases burning under permit. The number of fires in the A, B, C classes reported from this base is probably greater than it would be other years on account of weather conditions during the past two years which did not permit the settlers to burn the accumulation of slash. (2) Improvements.— Y^ur'ing the past year an improvement in the reporting of fires has been made (a) by adding to our communication equipment and (6) by better distribution of machines. (a) Communication: Bad communication has been overcome to a great extent by the installation of telephone lines at Remi Lake, Bisco, Longlac and Lake Como. Nine and a half miles of permanent line have been constructed at Remi Lake, connecting the air base and the telegraph , office at Moonbeam. This line not only enabled prompt reporting of fires but also allowed a much nearer approach to the direct control of patrols by the Fire Inspector at Cochrane, a condition which, due to the varying weather conditions in this large area, is of more than usual im- portance. Standing requisitions, which were necessary with the poor com- munication facilities of former years, were not satisfactory. At Lake Como about two and three-quarter miles of temporary line (army cable) connected the air base and the telegraph office at Esher. By this means constant communication between the Chief Ranger at Chapleau and the air base was assured. Short telephone lines were also established between the Chief Ranger's headquarters and the air bases at Bisco and Longlac. As in former years, com- munication was maintained at Ramsay Lake by our own submarine cable line 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 163 connected with the Bell System, which gave good service in this, the fourth year, of its use. At Oba Lake, as in past seasons, the Algoma Central Railway per- manent 'phone line was used between the air base and the O.F.B. headquarters at Oba, a distance of thirty miles, which arrangement was not entirely satis- factory due to the great number of telephones already connected on this line. At Temagami the Forestry Branch permanent line was used between the air base at Bear Island, and the Chief Ranger's headquarters at Temagami. This line did not always prove satisfactory, due perhaps to faulty construction. (b) Distribution of Machines: A redistribution of machines in the eastern patrol brought patrols under the direct supervision of the suppression staff at Sault Ste. Marie, Bisco and Longlac. By this redistribution the length of the average fire patrol was shorter than that of last season. This also expedited the reporting of fires. At Remi Lake an H.S. 2 L. was used in the early part of the season but was later replaced by a Loening monoplane. Since the patrols from this base are very long and mostly over a very poorly watered area, the advantages of using a machine with a good performance will be readily seen. The advantages of a faster machine were partly demonstrated by the saving of time effected by the Loening. With the H.S. 2 L., the Remi Lake patrol via Sesikinika Lake required six and one-half hours flying; with the Loening, it was done in five hours and twenty minutes. Personnel: The personnel, with one exception, had one or more years previous experi- ence, and in most cases their work was satisfactory. The value of a season's training in a junior capacity before taking over the work at a sub-base has become quite apparent. There were nine observers attached to the Eastern Patrol, one at each base and two at Ramsay Lake headquarters. Recommendations: During the past seasons the following improvements have recommended themselves: (1) Patrols. — Since there was only one patrol from Ramsay Lake even during fire hazard weather, there was always one machine in reserve. This arrangement was very good in so far as the Sudbury Inspectorate was con- cerned, but there were times when this spare machine could have been used to advantage elsewhere for the betterment of fire detection in the Eastern Patrol area. At this point, may we stress the need for mobility of machines in our present system, unless the number of machines is greatly increased. It is expected that the hazard during the early part of next season in the Timmins Chief Ranger district, will be greater than last, due to the copper-gold rush in Robb and Jamieson Townships. Our records show that this area con- tains much slash, which will probably become dangerous, before regular patrols could be commenced from Remi Lake. To cope with this situation, patrols should be arranged to cover this area as soon as Temagami and Sesikinika Lakes are open. (2) Machines. — In the past season much flying would have been done at Como Lake, had there been a machine stationed at that point during the whole summer. This base was without a machine from June 13th to July 14th, and again from July 31st to August 29th, nearly two months during the greatest hazard in this patrol area. It should not be necessary to emphasize the neces- sity of having a sufficient number of machines available to supply the require- ments of all bases, included in the pre-season plans. 164 REPORT OF THE No. ^ While the H.vS. 2 L. has proved very satisfactory in the past as a detection machine, when the problem of replacement comes up, it is recommended that a lighter and faster type of aircraft be considered. In September, the writer had the privilege of flying from Como Lake to Orient Bay, in a new R.C.A.F. Vedette equipped with a Lynx motor. This machine should prove more satisfactory for all Forestry Branch work than the types now in use. The advantages of wireless communication are well known, and it is recommended that this be given a thorough trial during the early part of next season and, if successful, the necessary equipment be installed in all detection machines. Each machine should be provided with a compass and altimeter in the front cockpit. For sketching and photography work especially, it is almost impossible for the observer to carry on his work successfully without these instruments in his cockpit. (3) Equipment. — Buildings for accommodation of personnel should be erected at Temagami, Bisco and Oba Lake, if these stations are to be permanent. Tents are not very satisfactory, and the cost of lumber that is purchased each year for floors and walls of tent camps, would in two years build a suitable cabin. Boxes should be provided for observer's equipment, the saving of equip- ment that would be affected would more than pay for their construction. Each observer should also be issued with a canvas bag about 14 by 10 inches. This would greatly decrease the number of maps destroyed each year, which are costly when mounted, and would also enable the observer to have his map-board, etc., in order at all times. If Oba Lake is to be used as a main base in future, it would be very advan- tageous to have a Forestry Branch telephone line connecting the air base and district headquarters at Oba. Permission might be had to build this along the Algoma Central Railway, using their telegraph poles. As mentioned before, the present 'phone system at Oba Lake has been very unsatisfactory. Often there is an hour's delay before it is possible to communicate with Oba from the air base. (4) Personnel. — Observers should report to the patrol headquarters for instruction and equipment before the flying season begins, in order to avoid the confusion that usually accompanies the commencement of flying operations. Observers should, whenever possible, be sent to the bases where they were stationed in previous years. Two or more observers should be in training during the course of the summer in order to assure a trained staff for the following year. An observer sent out on operations with insufficient experience might easily cost more than the expense of his season's training. If work for observers is to be provided for their spare time, it is recommended that it be in connection with air patrol, viz., photographic mapping, compiling maps to show hazards, or any other work of this nature. All requisitions for transportation flights, etc., should be made to the observer, and he should be instructed to check and record weights of all equip- ment carried on transportation flights. Photography: Considerable oblique photography was done this year, in all approximately 3,500 square miles for a total of eighty-seven hours and forty minutes (87.40), This total time includes flying in connection with vertical pictures of the town- sites of Gogama and Elk Lakes, also two flights made for the purpose of securing publicity pictures. 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 165 Owing to lack of available flying, due to fire hazard, this photographic survey work was not commenced until late in the season, when weather and light conditions are not as favourable as in June and July. The largest area photographed was south of the Canadian Pacific Railway between Franz and Heron Bay, south to the north shore of Lake Superior, including what is known locally as the "Pukaskwa Country," a very rugged and mountainous territory the interior of which is very little known. During September and October, when this work was being carried out, it was impossible to work south or west toward Lake Superior, which made the operation all the more difficult. This was due to lack of a distinct horizon which is essential in this work. (a) Equipment.— During the last few weeks two machines equipped with Eastman K. 1 cameras were used. The camera mounting used this year, designed and constructed by our own personnel, was much better than that used in previous years. With some further slight modifications this mounting would be very satisfactory for use in an H. S. 2 L. flying boat. With the new mounting it is possible to change the film during the flight, which enables the camera operator to expose several rolls, if necessary, on one flight. This was impossible with former equipment. (b) Recommendations. — (1) If possible, it would be well to plan a year in advance for photographic survey work. This would enable those in the field to use the available flying to better advantage. An alternative would be to allot one machine for photography, providing there was sufficient work of this class to warrant it. (2) Before next season the camera mountings should be modified to suit existing conditions. (3) A new camera case should be constructed to contain the new K. 1 camera. Bo.xes should also be provided for the fittings belonging to each camera. (4) Arrangements should be made, if possible, to expedite delivery of new film, also in the developing, in order to advise results to those in the field. This would also make it possible to turn out a map of a small area within a few days after the photographs were taken. (5) Photography should be carried out during the summer, especially the early part when the days are longer, the advantages of which are quite obvious. With our present staff" and equipment the Forestry Branch should be in a position to undertake all work of this nature that may be required within the Province. Western Patrol The following is a general review of the operations in the Western Area for the summer of 1926: The headquarters of the Western Patrol was at Sioux Lookout, with sub- stations at Orient Bay, Fort Frances, Kenora and Pine Ridge. The machines from these stations were used to patrol that portion of Ontario lying west of the 87th meridian of longitude and about as far north as the 52nd meridian of latitude. The station at Pine Ridge was established this year on account of the rush of prospectors during the winter and early spring to Red, Woman, and Narrow Lakes. The western observers, with two exceptions, were all experienced, and are all recommended for similar positions next year. 166 REPORT OF THE No. 3 The machines used (H.S. 2 L.) gave very satisfactory service, but in the event of the Government purchasing new ones, there is a feeling among all con- cerned that the efficiency of the Service would be increased by the purchase of lighter and faster machines for detection work. Although the rainfall during the summer in question seemed above the average and quite well distributed over the entire season, forty-seven D class and one hundred and thirty-two A, B, and C class fires were recorded in the western area. Seven hundred and ninety hours flying were used for fire patrol and four hundred and eighty-three for suppression. A certain amount of growth study was done by the observers at Sioux Lookout. Three plots were completed. At the time of year this work was done the flies were numerous and the observers failed to show the same interest in this that they did in their work as observer. In conclusion I would suggest that all requisitions, whether for transporta- tion or fire patrol, be made through the observer, and in the case of transporta- tion flights the observer should show on his flight report a list of all material carried. In some cases he would be unable to check this personally but should secure a list from the pilot or chief ranger. The installation of wireless on machines, and at the different bases, would prove very useful providing the type installed was reliable in all weather and capable of sending three hundred miles. Report on Aerial Sketching for the Year 1926 The season's sketching programme was carried out from the following three bases: Sioux Lookout, Longlac, and Oba Lake. Field operations commenced June 5th at Sioux Lookout and were completed October 15th from Oba Lake. A total of 135 flying hours were employed in actual aerial reconnaisance, and approximately 3,300 square miles were mapped in considerable detail. The field work for the season may be classified as follows: 1. Sketching: (a) Sioux Lookout. — The field work at this station commenced on June 5th and was completed July 23rd. During this time twenty-four flights, totalling seventy hours, were made, approximately sixty-five of which were used in actual sketching work. The remaining five hours were employed in transportation of maps and supplies to forest survey parties working in the vicinity of Lac Seul. Five blocks totalling 2,250 square miles were mapped in these twenty-four flights of sixty-five hours duration. About one-half of this area was located in the vicinity of Lac Seul, the remainder lying east of Vermillion Lakes. Much burn was in evidence over this latter area. The timber bordering Lac Seul, however, particularly on the eastern shore, appeared in many places to be of excellent quality and density. Burn again predominated north and west of Wapesi Bay. (b) Longlac. — Four hundred and twenty-five square miles were sketched from this base, taking a total of twenty-five hours for completion. This does not include abandoned flights nor those made for transportation. The above area was located north of the Transcontinental from Jobrin to Grant. Burn and swamp predominated with generally poor timber. (c) Oba Lake. — Operations commenced September 22nd and mapping was discontinued with the completion of the season's programme on October 18th. Considerable unproductive flying took place from this base, due to the uncer- tainty of weather conditions, and the necessity of completing the area in question . 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 167 Six hundred square miles were mapped in considerable detail, the waterways on the original maps being very poor. Forty-five hours constituted the total flying time, of which probably thirty-five were used in actual sketching. 2. Forest Studies connected with Aerial Sketching: In conjunction with aerial sketch mapping, a programme of special forest studies was carried out under the direction of the sketching personnel. During the current season a total of thirteen specially selected plots were studied entailing the analysis of over 200 trees above stump height (1.5 feet from the ground); an additional 200 seedlings were analyzed for growth data below stump height. Of the thirteen plots, three were located in the Sioux Lookout region and ten in the neighbourhood of Longlac. All of these represent variations of the northern coniferous forest and cover pure spruce and jack pine associations. The proportionally small number of plots studied at Sioux Lookout was due to (1) the difficulty of locating suitable plots within a reasonable working distance of the air base, and (2) the occurrence of a comparatively high fire hazard period which did not permit of observing personnel leaving the base, even when not actually flying. At Longlac better opportunities for this work were present; plots were closer to the camp and fire hazard was comparatively low. Studies of selected plots included the following lines of information: (1) Stand tally down to 1 inch (including dead and "down") ; (2) stem analysis of twenty trees at 8.15 foot intervals (above a 1.5 foot stump); (3) general forest description, including stand photographs; (4) collection of typical annual plants and shrubs. Plant collections included 170 typical specimens. The importance of detailed local studies in developing a sketcher's ability to recognize and classify forest growths can hardly be overestimated. Work of a similar nature has always been recognized in the development of an aerial sketcher; it would seem that a certain amount is essential to maintain the abilities originally acquired. If the sketcher is to improve, a systematic programme of forest studies primarily for his benefit should be maintained. 168 REPORT OF THE No. 3 2 inc IT 3 O tzi 4 S sc T(>tSt^ T IS M J3 O-*-* •^ rt«(N ir w E 3 1001/50 • • "c T"??? 1 o » (Nt*5PO I-- > > ts (Nrt es oc i2 J3 03 0 ii WHUOJW 2 u 3 O ■oomioo ~tri 0 • • -lO -o 10 Q ^.H CO irj Tt»ro 1 1 1 1 1 0.1 c>o>« I ? 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Mm" C 60M k. ^3 u o !- 3 B c'O'E'2 •B'S^SS j3ic S S 2i U £,£<£« 11 53«_ oj Siiii 3 1) 11 1) 11 •o.t:.i:.t:.i: V bite (1,(1, ,«^ (b) Hardwood Seed Sown: Species: Black Locust Silver Maple. . . . Elm Red Oak Butternut Walnut Hard Maple Hickory Black Cherry. . . , White Ash White Birch Yellow Birch Total Amount of Seed Sown ushels ro unc 36 10 2 25 8 1,174 6 1 133 4 6 8 Totals. 1,230 183 Nursery Lines: Excellent progress attended the lining out of transplants in the spring of 1926, in that the total number of trees transplanted exceeded that of 1925 by nearly one million, the total number of all species being 4,524,900 No transplants were lined out during the fall of 1926, as this practice has been definitely done away with, owing to excessive losses as a result of winter injury, and heaving of transplants in the spring. Transplant distribution to the Provincial Forestry Station at Orono and Midhurst was relatively small as these nurseries are practically independent of other sources of seedling supply, since they are now in a position to grow most of their own stock. TRANSPLANTS SHIPPED TO OTHER PROVINCIAL FORESTRY STATIONS Place Total Orono 1,162,000 Midhurst 100,000 Kemptville 180,000 Bloomfield 112,000 1,554,000 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS m Fertilizers: As a direct result of consistent fertilizing it has been found possible to increase the annual output of planting material on the same area. Primarily the soils at the Norfolk Forestry Station were lacking in organic matter, and only by heavy manuring, and by ploughing down green crops has it been possible to arrive at the present degree of fertility. Each succeeding year, however, reveals an increased productivity in the nursery section. Barn- yard manure comprises the main fertilizer as it seems to fill the bill in the return to the soil of those constituents requisite to the development of good nursery stock. Commercial fertilizers and lime was used in 1926 rather more sparingly than in prior years, since most of the nursery compartments had already received a liberal application in 1925. It must be understood that the growing of forest tree seedlings is not like farming. When a crop of trees is taken off there is nothing left to plough down and therefore it is necessary in the absence of crop rotations to renew the soil nutrients by direct applications of fertilizers. FERTILIZERS APPLIED DURING 1926 Totals Manure 781 tons Lime 4 tons Rock Phosphate 350 lbs. Acid Phosphate 3,400 lbs. Dried Blood 1,550 lbs. Tree Seed: On account of the poor seed crop of 1925, and the increased amount of seed that is being sown annually, there is a general shortage in storage at the present time. SEED IN STORAGE AT ST. WILLIAMS Amount Species: Pounds Bushels White Pine 13 Red Pine 827^ Scotch Pine 78J^ Jack Pine nil White Cedar 5 Red Cedar 3 White Spruce 2 Norway Spruce 40 1 Sitka Spruce 10 Balsam 67 Basswood 5 Red Oak (acorns) 4 White Ash 3 Black Locust 30>^ Totals 1,4423^ 7 Addition to Property: During 1926, the acquisition of the major portion of what are locally known as the Normandale Plains evidences a notable advance- ment in the life of the Norfolk Forestry Station. These plains have lain waste for decades, and the 1,500 acres now procured by the Crown will be developed, with the dual aim of reforesting and improving that section which has for years been an eye-sore and general drawback in the progress of the district. Added to that of the Headquarters property, the St. Williams Forestry Station now comprises a total area of 3,145 acres. An auxiliary pumping station was erected to meet with the ever-increasing irrigation requisites. The machinery of the original station will be transferred to this new building, and in its place there is being installed an electrically 172 REPORT OF THE No. 3 driven centrifugal pump capable of raising 10,000 gallons of water per hour. Underground water mains have been extended and very little further work is necessary to complete a system of irrigation that will provide water for every nursery compartment. Another addition to property worthy of note and which marks a distinctive advancement relates to the installation of Hydro-Electric. Roads: Aside from maintaining all woodland roads in a good condition a considerable amount of work was expended in the construction of main gravel roads throughout the nursery area. Thousands of tourists drive through our property each year, creating a condition which we consider warrants the building of possible driveways. Two and one quarter miles of road, namely, part of the fifth concession, have been taken over by the Station. One-half of a mile of this road now gravelled, and otherwise improved, is considered a first-class highway. Work in connection with road building commenced this fall on the Norman - dale property. Fifteen teams and twenty men are employed hauling gravel for the construction of the main road that is to pass through that section. The Department is fortunate in possessing a fine gravel pit convenient to the road that is being built. Silviculture: Twenty-five acres of woodland were subjected to improve- ment cutting. This area comprised a two storey forest made up of large black oak and a forty-year-old under forest of white oak, white ash, silver maple and scattered hickory. The black oak was converted into logs and fuel. On account of a surplus of fuel, very little clean cutting of the scrub oak type was done. It has in past years been our policy to clear those sections of the property on which inferior natural growth existed, and afterwards plant out superior species, but now, since the Normandale property has been acquired, there will be an outlet for our permanent planting stock, should there be a surplus, after spring ship- ments take place. Only one new plantation was established in 1926. This comprised four acres of three-year-old European larch set out during late fall. It has been found inadvisable, as a general rule, to set out plantations in the fall, as there is a greater loss sustained than from spring planting. A record of the total permanent planting effected throughout the year is herewith submitted. PERMANENT PLANTING DURING 1926 Where Planted Remarks White Pine Red Pine Jack Pine Poplar Cuttings Willow Cuttings European Larch. Total Normandale. . Protective. . . 42,000 19,000 60,000 2,000 2,666 25,200 44,000 Plantation Roac Is.. "4 46 48 50 51 52 53 54 57 « 19,000 Everett Flats. . Propagation . Refill 62,600 Plantation No. 1,300 1,500 700 1,300 « 1,500 « 700 « 2,800 2,800 « 790 460 790 (( 460 « 1,300 1,300 « « 1,200 1,200 M New Planta- tion . 25,200 Totals 3,500 2,450 4,100 121,000 4,600 25,200 160,850 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 173 Investigation: Growth studies of the various plantations were continued. Both height and D.B.H. measurements of sample plots were recorded, while two special experiments were established in an endeavour to arrive at the effect of thinnings upon the annual increment, with specific reference to white and red pine plantations. Protection {Disease and Insects): Ninety per cent, of the total loss which occurs during the development of nursery stock to that size and age requisite for permanent planting is met with in the infant seedling stage. For the past four years investigations have been carried on in connection with seedling development with a view of arriving at the cause of this mortality and some way of combating it. Two men were employed solely on this work in 1926, and the results of their observations coupled with those of previous years, form a basis of control which seems to be working out most favourably. Although seed bed losses still exist, they are greatly minimized. Losses of seedling and transplant stock accruing from cut worms, were rather more severe in 1926 than obtained in other years. There does not appear to be any means of control of this pest other than deep cultivation, and the adoption of a system of crop rotation. Heavy manuring first prior to seedling production appears to aggravate matters and create a soil condition in which the insects are most active. Weevil injury continues to grow less, while no evidence of the White Pine Blister Rust was found. Preventive measures are, however, being consistently carried on, since it is felt that it is imperative that disease and insect factors be eliminated at least in the immediate vicinity of the nursery's productive area. NURSERY 3T0CK FOR 1927 DISTRIBUTION Conifers: Number White Pine 690,000 Red Pine 1,460,000 Scotch Pine 900,000 Jack Pine 510,000 White Spruce 190,000 Norway Spruce 300,000 White Cedar 410,000 European Larch 47,000 Balsam 40,000 Totals 4,547,000 Hardwoods: Number White Ash 68,000 White Birch 5,500 Yellow Birch 6,500 Beech 2,100 Sweet Chestnut 10,000 American Elm 1 1 7,000 Honey Locust 3,900 Manitoba Maple 3,500 Soft Maple 82,000 Hard Maple 9,000 Red Oak 38,000 Rooted Poplar 300 Poplar Cuttings 300,000 White Walnut 1,200 Black Walnut 50,000 Rooted Willow 500 Willow Cuttings 5,000 Totals 702,500 174 REPORT OF THE No. 3 The foregoing represents the total of stock that is available for permanent disposal in the spring of 1927. Other nursery stock in various stages of develop- ment totals 18,363,000 trees. Orono Nursery The past year has been exceptionally unfavourable for nursery operations. Light snowfall and high winds during the winter took a heavy toll in the trans- plant beds. The growth period in the spring opened with a severe drought which resulted in a very high mortality in the sprouting seed beds and in the spring transplant stock. This was followed by a season of unusually heavy precipitation and low temperatures which retarded growth throughout the summer. Seeding: The absence of irrigation facilities again proved a serious handicap to seed-bed operations, as the drought in the early part of the season reached its climax just as the seedlings were appearing above ground. The loss in seed-bed stock was, therefore, unduly high. During the year a total of 400 coniferous seed-beds were set out and 274 bushels of hardwood seed sown as follows: SPRING SOWING OF CONIFEROUS BEDS Number of Species: Beds Sown White Cedar 10 Jack Pine 10 White Pine 10 Norway Spruce 10 White Spruce 10 Totals 50 50 10 FALL SOWING OF CONIFEROUS BEDS Species: White Cedar Hemlock , Jack Pine Red Pine Scotch Pine , White Pine Norway Spruce White Spruce Totals 350 340 10 In addition to the above coniferous seed, the following hardwood seed was sown: Species: Bushels White Ash 10 White Elm 10 Hard Maple 6 Red Maple 18 Silver Maple 10 Red Oak 20 Walnut 200 274 Amount Pounds Ounces 7 8 5 10 15 12 8 10 Number of Amount Beds Sown Pounds Ounces 20 15 10 12 8 30 16 14 90 67 8 60 37 8 90 135 25 31 4 25 25 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 175 Transplanting: During the year 1,412,000 conifers and 137,000 hardwoods were transplanted' SPRING TRANSPLANTING OF CONIFERS % Seedlings Number of Species: Grown at Seedlings European Larch St. Williams 48,000 Jack Pine " 172,000 Red Pine " 370,000 Scotch Pine " 124,000 Scotch Pine Orono 272,000 Norway Spruce St. Williams 36,000 White Spruce " 60,000 1,082,000 FALL TRANSPLANTING OF CONIFERS Seedlings Number of Species: Grown at Seddlings Jack Pine St. Williams 25,000 Red Pine " ... 50,000 Scotch Pine « 175,000 Norway Spruce " 30,000 White Spruce ' " 50,000 330,000 SPRING TRANSPLANTING OF HARDWOODS Number of Species: Seedlings White Ash 5,000 White Elm 40,000 Silver Maple 80,000 Hard Maple 12,000 137,000 Fertilizers: Green manures were resorted to extensively, crops of fall rye and buckwheat being ploughed under on all land not actually in use for nursery operations. In addition, the following fertilizers, other than green manures, were applied during the year: Manure 115 tons Dried Blood 250 lbs. Acid Phosphate 300 lbs. Sulphate of Ammonia 100 lbs. Muriate of Potash 200 lbs. Demonstration Plantations: Thirteen and one-half acres were planted permanently for demonstration purposes. In the southern section of the nursery the plantations were increased by six and three-quarters acres. In the northern part, six and three-quarter acres of hillside forming the east side of the main nursery road were planted to form panels of various species. This road is used extensively by visitors and an attempt was made to concentrate into this area as many types of plantation as possible, for purposes of ready comparison by the general public. 176 REPORT OF THE No. 3 PLANTATIONS IN SOUTH SECTION Number Species: of trees Red, White, Scotch, Jack Pine 1,615 Red and White Pine^ 4,840 Silver Maple and White Ash 905 Walnut and Butternut 810 8,170 PLANTATIONS IN NORTH SECTION Number Species: of trees White Ash 605 Silver Maple 1,210 Red Maple 1,210 Scotch and White Pine 910 Red and White Pine 910 European Larch 605 Walnut and Butternut 1,210 All species 1,515 8,175 An addition of 2.5 acres was made to the hardwood plantation in the north- west corner of the property. This addition consisted of alternate rows of white ash, white elm and red maple — one-year stock — a total of 3,025 trees. Buildings: Building operations were confined to the construction of a double garage 20 feet by 20 feet, of cobble stones and frame construction and of the cottage roof type. This building was located immediately in the rear fo the headquarters house. The roof of the barn which was on the property when acquired was re- shingled. Roads: The main drive through the nursery was extended below the fifth concession in order to render the plantations in the south section easily accessible. Nursery roads were laid out in this section and graded in order to facilitate operations. Publicity: This year, in pursuance of the policy adopted in 1923, exhibits were placed at four fairs. These were: Peterborough, in Peterborough County; Lindsay, in Victoria County; Markham, in York County; and Orono, in Durham County. The fairs were of five, four, two and one days' duration, respectively. At Peterborough a number of transparencies and an automatic motion picture machine were added to the exhibit, doing much to enhance its value. At Markham and Orono an automatic balopticon was used in place of the transparencies and the motion picture machine. This also proved of great display value. Owing to the very wet weather, which rendered practically all fairs a failure this year, the immediate results of the exhibit were not as apparent as in former years. The farmers were tied to the land by a late harvest and a wet fall. At the four fairs visited, there was rain on three days of the five at Peterborough,^ two of the four at Lindsay, and on the one day at Orono. In addition to exhibiting at the fall fairs, we co-operated with the Durham County Representative of the Department of Agriculture by giving lectures on reforestation and forestry questions generally, at the Agricultural Short Course, held at Orono during the winter. A small exhibit with an appropriate card was used to embellish the Durham and Northumberland Counties exhibit in the Department of Agricultural section at the Canadian National Exhibition, also as a result of this co-operation. 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 177 NURSERY STOCK ON HAND FOR DISTRIBUTION, 1927 Conifers: Number White Cedar 15,000 European Larch 15,000 Jack Pine 43,100 Red Pine 7,500 Scotch Pine 70,000 White Pine 255,000 Norway Spruce 30,000 White Spruce 165,000 Red Cedar 900 601,500 Hardwoods: White Ash 20,000 White Birch 4,000 Yellow Birch 1,500 Elm 220,000 Silver Maple 140,000 Sugar Maple 6,500 Red Oak 15,000 Walnut 1,970 Poplar 30,000 Willow 25,000 463,970 Other nursery stock in various stages of development totals 5,866,400. MiDHURST Nursery Seed Beds: The seed beds were quite a success during the past season. The germination was good, and the loss during the summer was comparatively low. There was a total of 429 for the season 1926. (a) Coniferous Seed Beeds: Sowed Species Fall 1925 White Pine 102 Red Pine 122 Jack Pine 10 Scotch Pine 54 White Spruce 21 Norwav Spruce White Cedar 20 Hemlock 8 Red Cedar 20 357 Sowed Spring 1926 18 27 25 72 Sowed Fall 1926 44 117 42 9 37 9 6 264 (b) Hardwood Seed Sown: Number of Species Bushels Walnut 259 Butternut 23 White Elm 5 Silver Maple 9 Sugar Maple 9 Black Cherry 15 Yellow Birch 1^ Red Oak 455^ Basswood 1 Hickory \]/2 369H 178 REPORT OF THE No. 3 Nursery Lines: The following seedlings were lined out during the season of 1926. All, except white spruce, were lifted from Midhurst beds. Species: White Pine Red Pine Scotch Pine Jack Pine White Spruce ; White Cedar Red Cedar Balsam Total for season. Spring Fall 28,000 400,000 598,000 190,000 802,000 90,000 66,500 530,000 2,000 25,600 2,142,100 590,000 2,732,100 Fertilizers: The nursery ground is being built up by using manure, clay, black muck from swamp, and ploughing under cover crops of sweet clover, rye and vetch. An experiment was made this year with muck on ground that was put into nursery lines in spring of 1926. The plants on strip where muck was put on during winter were healthier and larger. The experiment showed quite con- clusively that the muck is very beneficial to the soil. The same experiment is being tried with clay next spring. A light dressing of clay is put on the seed- bed ground and also on other land that is very light. Bone meal is put on the seed-beds when they are made up. Buildings: Two hen houses and a small, open shed for waggons, were built this year. Roads: The roads on property are being gradually graded up and gravelled Survey: Strip surveys have been made of woodlots. A large scale map is being made, and all the information gained will be tabulated. Silviculture: There is a wide variety of woodlots on the Forest Station property, and the management of these is going to be one of the most interesting parts of its development. These woodlots are being gradually brought under management. Last winter 10,000 board feet were sawed into lumber, and 200 cords of wood were sold in the neighbourhood, besides the wood used at Station. Selection cutting was practised; all diseased, ill-formed and weed trees were taken out. Burning and lopping was practised in brush disposal. During November and December of 1926 a considerable area of swamp has been cleaned out, and poles have been taken out to be worked up into seed- bed frames. There is considerable poplar (Populus grandidentata) in varying sizes from sapling to trees 15 inches D.B.H. During the winter of 1925-26 it was observed that a great number were being attacked by a fungus. A specimen was sent to Botany Department at Toronto, and it was identified as poplar canker (Hypoxylon pruinatum). It is very prevalent, attacking trees up to 10 inches D.B.H. It is a very serious matter as poplar has come in very thickly all through this section and if it is destroyed there will not be much wood left. Three new plantations were established in fall of 1926, planting up an area of thirty-five acres. One plantation is especially interesting, as two-year-old red pine seedlings were used for planting. Landscape Work: A large number of hardwoods — basswood, white birch, red oak — were moved in the fall of 1926 for avenues and landscape work around the dam and site for superintendent's residence. Twenty-five trees were moved in early winter with ball of frozen earth. 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 179 Publicity: Eleven fall fairs were visited with an exhibit. At most fairs there was a marked interest shown, and many prospective planters were given literature and application forms. Community Centre: The Forest Station is becoming the local community centre for a large section of country. There is a fine athletic field and an open- air skating rink. Both the athletic field and rink are serving a need in the neighbourhood. On this account the immediate community appreciates the Forest Station more than they otherwise would. NURSERY STOCK FOR 1927 DISTRIBUTION Conifers: Number White Pine 60,000 Red Pine 445,000 Scotch Pine 663,000 Jack Pine 70,000 White Spruce 19,000 Norway Spruce 12,000 1,269,000 Hardwoods: White Elm 18,000 Silver Maple 18,600 White Ash 21,700 Red Oak 19,890 Sugar Maple 1,975 80,165 Other trees in various stages of growth are as follows: 8,957,852. TRANSPLANT NURSERIES Sand Banks Planting work at the Sand Banks this year consisted of setting out surplus stock on the more favourable areas. The work of planting rooted poplars was continued on a limited scale and experimental work of sowing sweet clover under brush was found successful. The number of trees planted permanently at the Sand Banks was eight thousand. STOCK ON HAND FOR 1927 DISTRIBUTION Number White Pine 600 Scotch Pine 20,300 Jack Pine 24,000 White Spruce 23,000 White Cedar 7,650 White Ash 18,000 Soft Maple 2,300 Miscellaneous hardwoods 4,400 100,250 Other trees in various stages of growth number 98,795 Grand total 199,045 Kemptville Trees were distributed locally from this nursery as last year, and several thousand were shipped by rail. The growing demand for trees in this section of the province will soon necessitate the enlargement of nursery facilities. 180 REPORT OF THE No. 3 STOCK ON HAND FOR 1927 DISTRIBUTION Number White Pine 12,400 Red Pine 10,600 White Spruce 4,000 Norway Spruce 2,500 Cedar 3,000 Soft Maple 2,000 34,500 Other trees in various stages of growth number 44,500 Grand total 79,000 COUNTY FORESTS Hendrie Seven hundred and seventy-five acres of the one thousand acre block has been planted. There are fifty acres of open land to plant and the remainder of the block is covered with second growth poplar, and a small area of swamp. All plantations are doing well. Fire roads were cultivated during summer, keeping weeds and grass down. A veranda was put on back of foreman's house. Sixty-five acres of new plantation were planted in the spring. This planta- tion is especially interesting as stock used was white pine (1-2) and two-year-old red pine seedlings. The loss in this plantation during summer was : white pine, 5 per cent. ; red pine, 10 per cent. The cost for planting, including furrowing, hauling, supervision and planting was $5.02 per acre. The following trees were planted during season : — Red Pine 74,000 White Pine 143,000 Jack Pine 6,000 Scotch Pine 9,000 232,000 Vivian Trees planted were as follows: — Red Pine 29,000 White Pine 44,000 Scotch Pine 50,000 Jack Pine 60,000 Poplar 31,000 214,000 During the year 630 rods of rail fence was built and 200 rods of wire fence. One mile of fire line was cut through wooded areas and two and one-half acres of woodland was improved. During the summer two fires occurred on grass land adjacent to the forest property. The first, which occurred in April, burned 125 acres, the second in July, 150 acres. By taking on extra help for a few days these fires were con- trolled and kept off the property. 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 181 Northumberland During the spring season the following trees were planted : — White Pine 47,000 Scotch Pine 25,000 Red Pine 25,000 Jack Pine 53,000 Elm 12,025 Ash 12,000 Soft Maple 12,025 186,050 During the summer one mile of fire line was stumped and cultivated, and one and one-half miles of fence erected. As this property is situated in a well known berry-picking area there is considerable danger of fire during berry season. This necessitates additional patrolling. One fire occurred this year, just off the forest property, but was quickly controlled. UXBRIDGE The larger portion of this forest had been acquired before planting time in the spring and a permanent foreman was placed in charge, and commenced his duties at that time. Trees planted were as follows: — Scotch Pine 82,000 White Pine , 10,000 Red Pine 10,000 Jack Pine 20,000 122,000 During the summer the property was improved by the erection of fences and the marking off of fire lines. One mile, 220 rods of fencing was built and 430 rods of fire line partly completed. PRIVATE FORESTS OSLER The following trees were planted : — Scotch Pine 100,000 Elm 10,000 Ash 10,000 Walnut 300 Butternut 300 Soft Maple 43,000 163,600 Williams The following trees were planted : — White Pine 3,000 Red Pine 25,000 White Spruce 2,000 30,000 182 REPORT OF THE No. 3 MULOCK The following trees were planted : — Red Pine 5,000 White Pine 15,000 Scotch Pine 40,000 Walnut 2,000 62,000 TREE PLANTING Private Planting This year 2,945 persons received trees for private planting. 2,790,549 trees was distributed for this purpose. Demonstration Plots A total of New plots established : — Park Head White Pine. . , Scotch Pine . . , White Spruce . Hard Maple. . Soft Maple. . . Walnut Butternut. . . . Chestnut Manvers Scotch Pine. . , Jack Pine'. . . . Poplar Uxbridge Scotch Pine . . , Jack Pine. . . . Windham White Pine. . . Scotch Pine. . , Additions to plots previously established : — Albemarle West . Beeton Camp Borden. . Colborne . . . Darlington. Elizabethtown . Guelph Hamilton Parks Mono Mount Hope. . , Norfolk County Waterloo. . .Scotch Pine . . Scotch Pine Cedar Soft Maple Elm . . Scotch Pine Red Pine White Pine Jack Pine . .Scotch Pine . . Red Oak Scotch Pine . .Scotch Pine . . White Pine Scotch Pine White Spruce. . . Soft Maple ..White Pine Scotch Pine Elm Soft Maple . . White Pine Scotch Pine . .White Spruce. . . Elm White Ash Walnut , ..White Pine Red Pine Scotch Pine Jack Pine Carolina Poplar. . .Scotch Pine 580 580 250 580 ' 650 20 20 20 3,000 3,000 15,000 2,000 3,000 10,000 15,000 000 000 000 000 000 500 000 ,000 ,500 000 ,000 ,000 ,000 000 ,000 000 500 ,000 ,000 500 ,000 ,000 ,000 400 300 400 400 ,500 ,500 ,500 000 ,000 ,000 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 183 Tree Seed The following seed was collected during the year : — Species Bushels White Pine cones 897 3/8 Red Pine cones 3,998 3/8 White Spruce cones 428 5/8 Scotch Pine cones 119 2/8 Jack Pine cones 144 2/8 Red Oak 130 1/8 Cedar cones 70 3/8 Sugar Maple 9 5/8 Butternut 58 6/8 Walnut 214 Basswood 5 6/8 White Ash 86 3/8 Norway Spruce cones 174 3/8 Hemlock cones 52 7/8 Black Cherry 65 5/8 Yellow Birch 7 Hickory 4/8 Tamarack cones 5/8 Balsam cones 13 7/8 Larch 2/8 Red Cedar cones 7/8 White Birch 2 2/8 Black Locust 30 lbs. Soft Maple 40 bush. Elm 22 1/4 " SUMMARY OF NURSERY STOCK FOR PLANTING, 1927 Nursery Conifers Hardwoods Totals > St. Williams 4,547,000 601,500 1,269,000 81,550 32,500 702,500 463,970 80,165 18,700 2,000 5,249,500 Orono 1,065,470 Midhurst 1,349,165 Sand Banks 100,250 Kemptville 34,500 Totals 6,531,550 1,267,335 7,798,885 SUMMARY OF NURSERY STOCK IN VARIOUS STAGES OF GROWTH Nursery Totals St. Williams 18,363,000 Orono 5,866,400 Midhurst 8,957,852 Sand Banks 98,795 Kemptville 44,500 Total 33,330,547 184 REPORT OF THE No. 3 SUMMARY OF TREES PLANTED PERMANENTLY Place Conifers Hardwoods Cuttings Totals Private planting (reforestation and windbreaks) 2,291,764 375,260 125,025 213,025 252,000 140,000 130,000 117,200 46,300 3,400 75,000 400,707 21,890 37,550 50 98,078 28,000 2,790,549 Demonstration Plots 425,150 Northumberland Forest 162,575 Vivian Forest 40,000 253,075 Hendrie Forest 252,000 Uxbridge Forest 140,000 Private Forests 63,600 100 193,600 Northern Districts 117,300 St. Williams 125,600 171,900 Orono. . . 2,850 4,670 8,000 6,250 Midhurst 79,670 Sand Banks 8,000 Totals 3,768,974 539,417 291,678 4,600,069 V. — Forest Surveys Area: Consistent with the policy of the Ontario Forestry Branch to take stock of the forest resources of the province and to estimate the quantities of standing timber on areas prior to sales, the Forest Survey programme was extended in 1926 by the examination of approximately 3,420 square miles. Of this area 1,200 square miles were east of the Longlac pulp limit and south of the Canadian National railway or more definitely the country drained by the White Otter and Pic rivers. The other area 2,220 square miles were in six individual blocks north and south from Sioux Lookout on the Canadian National railway. Five of these blocks are directly tributary to the English river. One is indirectly tributary, draining to Sturgeon lake and Sturgeon river. The six blocks are: — A. Immediately south of Sioux Lookout, 766 square miles. B. East from the above and east from the English River and north from Pine lake, 200 square miles. C. From the north shore of Sturgeon lake to the south boundary of timber berth Z B and north from timber berth Z B, a triangular area approxi- mately four miles wide on the west and joining with timber berth Z B on the east, a total area of 170 square miles. D. North of the railway grant block 10 to Lac Seul and the Vermillion river, 290 square miles. E and F. East and west from the northeast arm of Lac Seul, 802 square miles. Field Work: The ground work consisted in running lines as far as practical at one-half mile intervals to determine the composition of the stand and the amount of standing timber. Eight men were employed on the Longlac area and sixteen on the English river areas. Work commenced June 2 and was completed September 25. In addition to the above programme field work was continued to October 28. An intensive cruise of Bruton township, Haliburton county, was required and seven men were employed three weeks securing the information. 1927 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 185 Aerial sketch maps are prepared covering both the Longlac and EngHsh river areas. During the season preHminary reports and estimates were sub- mitted for blocks A, B, C, D, the other areas being left to be completed during the winter. Investigative Work: By the end of 1926, 77,025 square miles have been covered by forest surveys. From the results of these surveys it became apparent that definite forest regions existed within the northern part of the province and that these exhibited distinct forest features, in composition of the stands and volume production, to those areas adjacent. With the boundaries of the different regions delimited it naturally followed that a most valuable piece of investigative work could now be carried on in studying the forest growth conditions within each region, i.e., first, to determine the different sites and the percentage of the total area occupied by each; and, secondly, to ascertain the volume growth by species on each site. The practical application of this investigation will decide the rate of growth under existing natural conditions; the length of time for a stand to reach com- mercial maturity; and, finally, the amount of wood that may be cut annually in perpetuity without depleting the forest capital. With the above objective in mind the party working east of Longlac in the White Otter and Pic River area were, in addition to their regular survey programme, able to identify the north and south boundaries of two regions and within these regions determine the percentage of the area in the different sites. Having done this, growth study work on representative plots was carried on in each site condition and the volume production and life history of the stands were determined at 10 year intervals from the time of their establishment. With this data worked up the amount of wood produced annually in the two regions mentioned is known and this amount should correspond to the annual cut thrt would be advisable. In the event of fire or other damages the quan- tity lost would have to be deducted from the annual cut. Were this class of investigative work carried on over a period of years in conjunction with the regular survey programme and covering generally the forested area of the province, it would not only serve as a reliable basis for regu- lating the annual cut but would also serve in valuating immature stands and provide for the determination of a proper rate of expenditure for fire protection. This latter result would also have a direct benefit for pulp and paper companies for predicting when such immature stands may be cut and what yield might be expected. ^7^